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Ram Chandra (Babuji)
Shri Ram Chandra of Shahjahanpur (1899-1983), also known as Babuji, was a yogi from Uttar Pradesh in northern India. He spent most of his life developing a method of Raja Yoga meditation called Sahaj Marg. He founded an organization called Shri Ram Chandra Mission in 1945, dedicated and named after his teacher, who was also called Ram Chandra.
Early life
Ram Chandra was born on 30 April 1899 in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. His family was well off: his father Rai Bahadur Shri Badri Prasad held the position of Honorary Special Magistrate 1st Class. He left school after his matriculation, and worked in the local court for thirty-one years as a record keeper. In June 1922, at the age of twenty-three, he met the spiritual teacher Ram Chandra, who lived in Fatehgarh.
Spiritual life
He learnt the Raja Yoga meditation practice from Ram Chandra of Fatehgarh. He developed the method with the intention of making it more applicable in the contemporary world. He founded and registered a non-profit organization called Shri Ram Chandra Mission in 1945 to teach this new method, which he called Sahaj Marg (a name which was subsequently changed to "heartfulness meditation"), and he wrote a number of books about it. | WIKI |
Retina
Macular Degeneration
The macula is a part of the retina in the back of the eye that ensures that our central vision is clear and sharp. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occurs when the arteries that nourish the retina harden. Deprived of nutrients, the retinal tissues begin to weaken and die, causing vision loss. Patients may experience anything from a blurry, gray or distorted area to a blind spot in the center of vision.
There are two kinds of AMD: wet (neovascular/exudative) and dry (non-neovascular). About 10-15% of people with AMD have the wet form. “Neovascular” means “new vessels.” Accordingly, wet AMD occurs when new blood vessels grow into the retina as the eye attempts to compensate for the blocked arteries. These new vessels are very fragile, and often leak blood and fluid between the layers of the retina. Not only does this leakage distort vision, but when the blood dries, scar tissue forms on the retina as well. This creates a dark spot in the patient’s vision.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that weakens the blood vessels that supply nourishment to the retina (the light-sensitive lining in the back of the eye where vision is focused). These weak vessels can leak, swell or develop thin branches, causing a loss of vision. Changes to your vision may not be noticeable at first. But in its advanced stages, the disease can cause blurred or cloudy vision, floaters and blind spots – and, eventually, blindness. This damage is irreversible. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye complication and a leading cause of blindness in American adults. Macular edema, which is leaking fluid that causes blurred vision, often occurs with diabetic retinopathy.
Fortunately, diabetic retinopathy is preventable. People with diabetes are most susceptible to developing it, but your risk is reduced if you follow your prescribed diet and medications, exercise regularly, control your blood pressure, and avoid alcohol and cigarettes. Regular eye exams are an integral part of making sure your eyes are healthy.
Although damage caused by diabetic retinopathy cannot be corrected, patients diagnosed with the condition can be treated to slow its progression and prevent further vision loss. Treatment methods include laser and surgical procedures.
Intravitreal Injections
Intravitreal injections are an exceptionally effective medical treatment for several different ocular diseases. The injected medication holds many advantages over both oral and topical processes, as well as invasive surgery, including:
• Immediate localization; no need to wait for absorption through secondary media
• Lower effective dosage and frequency required
• Minimally invasive; fewer complications than surgery
Several retinal diseases are treatable with intravitreal injections, including macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic retinopathy. All of these can cause blindness in their most progressed stages and thus timely treatment by intravitreal injection is crucial. In fact, macular degeneration (wet-subtype) is responsible for approximately 90% of all blindness caused by disease.
Laser Treatments
Laser retina surgery can be used to treat a wide range of retinal conditions through minimally invasive techniques that produce precise, long-lasting results. Although your eyes may look and feel normal with these diseases, they can often lead to serious complications such as hemorrhaging and blindness. Lasers have been used to treat eye diseases for over 30 years and produce effective results with no damage to surrounding tissue and no need for needles. It has quickly become the standard for eye disease treatment.
Laser surgery can be used to treat diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachments and more. Depending on the patient’s condition, the laser may be used to seal leaking blood vessels, repair tears, remove newly formed blood vessels or destroy tumors. These procedures are performed in the doctor’s office and require only anesthetic eye drops to numb the area prior to treatment. Laser treatment usually takes less than 30 minutes to perform, and patients can go home immediately following surgery. Most patients return to work and other normal activities the next day.
Fluorescein Angiography
Fluorescein angiography is the practice of taking photographs of blood vessels inside the eye (an angiogram) with the help of a contrast dye (fluorescein dye). These pictures help doctors evaluate the retina and diagnose and track problems such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, abnormal vessel growth, swelling, leaking, retinal detachment, cancer or tumors.
First, the patient’s pupils are dilated with eye drops. Then a few photographs are taken with a special ophthalmic camera. Next, the contrast dye is injected, usually in the patient’s arm. The dye travels up to the eye within a few seconds and “lights up” the blood vessels for the camera. Once the dye is in place, the doctor will take more photographs. Then the needle is removed. After about 20 minutes, a final set of photographs is taken for comparison.
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On the Subject of Subscribe to Pewdiepie
Unsubscribe to T-Series >:(((((((
This module shows the subscriber count of PewDiePie (on the top) and the subscriber count of T-Series (on the bottom), with a number in between that displays the sub gap. However, the screens aren’t accurate, so you need to recalculate the numbers and then submit the actual sub gap.
Follow all of the rules listed below to modify the displayed numbers. Then find the difference between PewDiePie’s subscriber count and T-Series’ subscriber count, input the number in the middle and submit it.
When the instructions below refer to their subscriber counts, they refer to the modified subscriber count you had at the time of following the direction. Regard differences between subscriber counts as positive.
Instructions
• If T-Series has more subscribers than PewDiePie, change T-Series’ subscriber count to PewDiePie’s, and vice versa.
• Add 500 subscribers to T-Series’ count for every T-Words module on the bomb, and 500 to PewDiePie’s for every Pie module on the bomb.
• Add 10 subscribers to PewDiePie’s subscriber count for every module on the bomb (including this module).
• If there is a 101 Dalmatians and a Cooking module, subtract the difference between T-Series’ and PewDiePie’s subscriber counts from T-Series’ count.
• Multiply PewDiePie’s subscriber count by 0.95 for every battery on the bomb. Round down after multiplying each time.
• If there are any letters from TSERIES in the serial number, multiply T-Series’ subscriber count by 1.5. Round down.
If PewDiePie does not have more subscribers than T-Series, submit 00000.
If PewDiePie has at least 100000 more subscribers than T-Series, submit the last five digits. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:For Remembrance (ed. Repplier) 045.jpg
and slave. They know that the only true wealth is life, since life, ever more perfect life, is the supreme and final end of action; and that, more than almost any other passion, greed—the love of money—destroys in men the power to form right estimates of life and conduct, for it forces them to look away from the perfecting of their own being and the good of their fellows to what is material and external, and therefore but incidental.
The fear of the poor is their poverty, says the book of Proverbs. This may mean that the helpless condition in which poverty places them is ever a source of anxiety and dread, but rather, I think, that this anxiety and dread are themselves poverty; while they who possess nothing but have faith and courage and love are rich enough and free enough from fear. The possessions to which we cling breed cowardice, but wealth of soul is confidence and strength. He who loves is rich, for love creates its world and fills the desert or the prison cell with a light and joy which the loveless, though they dwell in palaces, can never know. It is life's fairest flower and best fruit, and he, therefore, who gives new power of love gives new life and raises us to higher worlds. Hardly can a rich man feel that it were well if all were as he, but the wise and good are certain that what they know and love is the best any human being can know and love; that they who make themselves worth possessing and become masters of themselves have the truest and most gracious possessions.
What doth it avail a fool to have riches, asks Solomon, seeing that he cannot buy wisdom? Ruskin rightly says that all vices are summed up and all their forces consummated in the simple acceptance of the authority of gold instead of the authority of God, and preference of gain or increase of gold to godliness or the peace of God. Again, "Occult theft—theft which hides itself even from itself, and is legal, respectable and cowardly—corrupts the body and soul of man to the last fiber of them." Of what evils is not greed the fountain head? It darkens the mind, dulls the wits, hardens the heart, warps the conscience and perverts the understanding. It breeds hate, dissension, injustice and oppression; makes thieves, liars, usurers, cowards, perjurers, adulterators of food and drink 29 | WIKI |
E&I test
The flashcards below were created by user scooter on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
1. a calibration __ simulates the process variables to be measured by the instrument under test.
setup
2. the following information can usually be located at the manufacturers instructions accompanying a measuring or indicating instrument.
ALL/recommended setups/test conditions/adjustment points for zero, span and linearity
3. after any required adjustments have been made, another ________ should be performed to verify the results of the adjustments.
calibration cycle
4. _____ is the algebraic difference between the upper and lower values of an instrument's range.
span
5. _______ defines the highest and lowest values of the measured variable that an instrument is designed to measure, recieve, or transmit.
Range
6. If zero shift and span errors are revealed during a series of calibration cycles, ___ is usually corrected first.
zero shift
7. During a downscale check, test points should be approached form?
above
8. milliammeters are usually connected in _____with the instrument under test when they are used as output standards.
series
9. it is important to allow the ____ value to stabilize before recording the data.
output
10. it is unlikely that some ___errors will be discerned in a three-point calibration check.
linearity
11. during an upscale check, test points should be approached from ______.
below
12. If the instrument under test is rated for an accuracy of plus or minus 1, the output standard selected for a calibration should ideally have an accuracy of plus or minus ___
0.1
13. to prevent erroneous indications, instrument ____ should be checked to ensure that they are tight and leak free.
connections
14. information on the recommended setup for a calibration can usually be found in?
manufacturers instructions
15. instruments should be calibrated in the following situations?
ALL/ transferring the instrument to a new control loop/following the repair of the instrument/prior to installation
16. instrumetns are calibrated to ensure that their ________ accurately represents the input
output
17. an instruments repeatability is expressed as?
percentage of output span
18. ___ is the ratio of the maximum to minimum values of a measure variable that an instrument can measure within stated accuracy to the minimum value of the measured variable that it can be measured with stated accuracy.
Turndown.
19. with _______, all of the ouput readings are either consistently high or consistently low throughout the entire range.
zero shift
Author:
scooter
ID:
266676
Card Set:
E&I test
Updated:
2014-03-17 12:28:15
Tags:
Itest
Folders:
Description:
test
Show Answers: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Forged Pressure Vessels
Pressure Vessel
Introduction to a forged pressure vessel
In the world of industrial equipment, safety is paramount. Forged pressure vessels play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of various industrial processes, ensuring the containment of volatile substances under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In this article, we will delve into what forged pressure vessels are, their construction, and their diverse applications across industries.
What is a Forged Pressure Vessel?
A forged pressure vessel is a specialized container designed to hold gases or liquids at pressures significantly higher than atmospheric pressure. These vessels are constructed to withstand extreme conditions and maintain their structural integrity, ensuring safety and reliability in various industrial settings. Key characteristics of forged pressure vessels include:
• High-Quality Materials: Forged pressure vessels are typically made from high-quality materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, or alloy steel. These materials provide the necessary strength and corrosion resistance required for the vessel’s intended purpose.
• Forged Construction: The term “forged” refers to the manufacturing process used to create the vessel. Forging involves shaping and compressing a heated metal billet into the desired shape using mechanical force. This process enhances the material’s strength and durability.
• Pressure Resistance: These vessels are designed to withstand pressure levels that exceed atmospheric pressure. The thickness and material properties are carefully selected to ensure they can endure the specific pressure conditions for which they are intended.
Construction of Forged Pressure Vessels:
The construction of forged pressure vessels involves several critical steps to ensure their safety and reliability:
• Material Selection: Choosing the right material is essential. The material’s composition must meet the required mechanical and chemical properties, ensuring it can withstand the intended pressure and temperature ranges.
• Forging Process: The selected material is heated to a suitable temperature and then subjected to the forging process. This process shapes the material into the vessel’s desired form while improving its mechanical properties.
• Heat Treatment: After forging, the vessel undergoes heat treatment to relieve any internal stresses and enhance its mechanical properties, such as hardness and toughness.
• Welding: Forged pressure vessels often require welding to attach fittings, nozzles, and other components. Welding must be carried out by certified welders using approved techniques to maintain the vessel’s integrity.
• Quality Control and Testing: Rigorous quality control measures, including non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like ultrasonic testing and radiography, are conducted to identify any defects or imperfections that could compromise the vessel’s safety.
Applications of Forged Pressure Vessels:
Forged pressure vessels find applications across a wide range of industries, including:
• Chemical Industry: Used to store and transport corrosive chemicals and gases safely.
• Oil and Gas: Employed in oil refineries and petrochemical plants to handle pressurized fluids and gases.
• Power Generation: Essential components in power plants for steam generation and nuclear reactors.
• Pharmaceuticals: Used in the pharmaceutical industry for various processes, such as sterilization.
• Aerospace: Play a vital role in spacecraft propulsion systems.
• Food and Beverage: Utilized for food processing and pasteurization.
Safety Considerations:
When dealing with forged pressure vessels, safety is the top priority. Proper maintenance, periodic inspections, and adherence to safety regulations are essential. Here are some key safety considerations:
• Regular Inspections: Routine inspections are crucial to detect any signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. These inspections should be conducted by qualified personnel and should follow industry standards and regulations.
• Pressure Relief Devices: Every forged pressure vessel must be equipped with pressure relief devices, such as safety valves, to prevent over-pressurization. These devices are designed to release excess pressure and maintain vessel integrity.
• Material Compatibility: Ensure that the materials in contact with the substances stored in the vessel are compatible to prevent corrosion or chemical reactions that could compromise safety.
• Operational Procedures: Develop and follow strict operational procedures to maintain safe working conditions when dealing with forged pressure vessels. This includes proper loading, unloading, and handling of the vessel.
• Emergency Response Plan: Have a well-defined emergency response plan in place, including procedures for containment and evacuation in case of vessel failure.
• Compliance with Regulations: Always adhere to local and international regulations, such as ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, to ensure that the vessel meets safety standards.
Conclusion:
Forged pressure vessels are essential components in various industries, providing the capability to store and transport substances under high pressure and temperature conditions. Their construction, which involves careful material selection, forging processes, and quality control, guarantees their reliability and safety.
Understanding the significance of these vessels and adhering to strict safety measures is crucial for the industries that rely on them. Maintaining and inspecting these vessels regularly ensures their continued safe operation, preventing potential accidents that could have catastrophic consequences.
In summary, forged pressure vessels are a testament to engineering excellence, offering a critical solution for industries where the containment of high-pressure substances is essential. Their proper use and maintenance contribute significantly to the safety and success of industrial processes across the globe.
We look for challenging projects that allow our team to continue learning and improving. We are involved in innovative solutions that have a huge impact on our society. We believe attitude is everything and we are committed to building lasting relationships that benefit communities everywhere.
OIL AND GAS
COMMERCIAL/PUBLIC WORKS
POWER GENERATION
MINERALS/ELEMENTS
BIO GAS
American Values
The values possessed by those who came before us, for which we have to thank for the opportunity we enjoy today.
Morals, Family, Work Ethic, self-reliance, A Firm Handshake, Reputation, and the freedom to pursue happiness. We are here to raise the next generation of go-getters who possess these values and they are in greater demand than ever before.
We’re here for the doers, the go-getters, the blue-collar tradesmen, making it happen every day. We will look you in the eye and do what we say.
Need a reliable partner?
Red River specializes in the design and manufacturing of pressure vessels. We also fabricate related items such as prefabricated spools and skid packages.
Reach Out to us today and experience the Red River difference. Where American Made and American Values come together, we care more
FAQ: Forged Pressure Vessels
1. What is a forged pressure vessel and how does it differ from other types of pressure vessels?
A forged pressure vessel is a type of container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The key distinction lies in its manufacturing process. Forging involves shaping metal through localized compressive forces, often hammering or pressing. This process results in a vessel with superior strength and durability compared to those made by other methods like welding or casting. Forged vessels are particularly valued in industries where safety and reliability under high-pressure conditions are paramount.
2. Why are forged pressure vessels considered safer than welded ones?
The enhanced safety of forged pressure vessels stems from their manufacturing process. Forging produces a homogenous, continuous material structure without the seams or welds found in welded vessels. This uniformity significantly reduces the risk of weak points that could lead to leaks or ruptures under high pressure. Additionally, the forging process improves the metallurgical properties of the material, enhancing its strength and resistance to impact and fatigue.
3. What materials are commonly used in the construction of forged pressure vessels and why?
Common materials for forged pressure vessels include carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steels like Inconel and Hastelloy. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion and high temperatures. Carbon steel is widely used for its cost-effectiveness and robust mechanical properties. Stainless steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, making it ideal for harsh chemical environments. Alloy steels are selected for applications requiring exceptional strength and resistance to extreme temperatures and pressures.
4. In what industries are forged pressure vessels most commonly used?
Forged pressure vessels are crucial in a variety of industries. The petrochemical industry uses them for storing and processing chemicals under high pressure. They are also essential in the pharmaceutical industry for sterile processing environments. Power generation plants utilize these vessels in boilers and reactors. Additionally, they are used in the aerospace industry for fuel and hydraulic systems, where reliability and safety are critical.
5. How are forged pressure vessels tested for safety and compliance?
Safety and compliance testing for forged pressure vessels involve several rigorous procedures. Hydrostatic testing, where the vessel is filled with water and pressurized beyond its normal operating level, is a common method to check for leaks and structural integrity. Non-destructive testing methods like ultrasonic testing, radiography, and magnetic particle inspection are used to detect surface and subsurface flaws. Additionally, regular inspections are conducted to ensure ongoing compliance with industry standards and regulations.
Solutions
In the realm of industrial solutions, Red River emerges as a pioneer, offering a diverse range of custom-engineered products and facilities. Among our specialties is the design and production of Custom/OEM Pressure Vessels, meticulously crafted to meet individual client requirements, ensuring performance under various pressure conditions. Our expertise extends to the domain of prefabrication, where Red River leads with distinction.
The company excels in creating prefabricated facilities, modules, and packages, reinforcing its stance as a forerunner in innovation and quality. This proficiency is further mirrored in their Modular Skids offering, where they provide an array of Modular Fabricated Skid Packages and Packaged equipment. Each piece is tailored to client specifications, underlining their commitment to delivering precision and excellence in every project they undertake.
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Custom/OEM Pressure Vessels designed to fit your needs.
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Prefabrication
Red River is a leader in prefabricated facilities, modules and packages.
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Modular Fabricated Skid Packages and Packaged equipment manufactured to your specifications.
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Brian and Michael
Brian and Michael were a British music duo best known for their 1978 UK number one hit single, "Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs". Without further chart entries, they remain one-hit wonders in the UK. They comprised two members: Michael Coleman and Kevin Parrott.
Career
The duo had originally been members of a Stax-style soul band called The Big Sound, working mainly in Denmark, Sweden and Germany, but also touring Israel in 1967. The Big Sound had previously backed singer Karol Keyes, now known as the actress Luan Peters. In Denmark, the band were the backing group to the Danish singer, Rock Nalle.
The act Brian and Michael was originally called Burke and Jerk, a comedy duo composed of Brian Burke and Mick Coleman, formed in 1976, some nine years after Coleman had left The Big Sound. During the intervening years Parrott and Coleman had stayed friends, and Coleman had followed Parrott's recording career as lead guitarist with Manchester rock band Oscar, who were signed to DJM Records.
When Coleman first wrote "Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs", he took the song to Parrott. The latter borrowed the estimated £1,000 to produce the record which was recorded at Pluto Studios in Stockport, in the same building as Strawberry Studios. Pluto Studios was owned by the former Herman's Hermits rhythm guitar player Keith Hopwood. The song was recorded over three sessions starting on 25 September 1977. The brass band on the recording is Tintwistle Brass Band, from the village in Derbyshire where Parrott lived at the time.
Parrott tried without success to get a release with several record labels, but eventually secured a recording contract with Pye Records. However, Brian Burke left the act just a couple of weeks after "Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs" was released on 25 November 1977, citing "family reasons".
Parrott left Oscar after 10 years, and teamed up with Coleman again, in the live act to try to keep up the promotion of "Matchstalk Men", and had to be billed as 'Brian'. The first run of records had already been pressed as Brian and Michael before Burke had left the act.
After their success, Brian and Michael released a follow-up single, "Evensong" (written by Phil Hampson), and an album, The Matchstalk Men, followed by a second album named We Can Count Our Friends on One Hand. Backing singers St Winifred's School Choir released an unsuccessful album entitled The Matchstalk Children.
Coleman and Parrott remained in the music industry as songwriters and record producers for themselves and other acts. Other chart success as writers/producers were with "The Sparrow" (The Ramblers, No 11 in 1979), and Claire and Friends' "It's 'Orrible Being in Love when You're Eight and a Half" (Number 13 in 1986). Coleman also wrote the hit song "Hold My Hand" for Ken Dodd.
St Winifred's School Choir had their own number one hit with "There's No One Quite Like Grandma" during Christmas time in 1980.
In an article in The Guardian newspaper, Parrott said "we started performing together again in 2002, and are incredibly moved by the reception we get. We did a reunion concert at Salford's Lowry Centre with the original St Winifred's girls.
In February 2012, Brian and Michael decided to form a new band and recruited their respective brothers, former Dooleys drummer Nigel Parrott, and Tim Coleman as lead vocalist. They also added a keyboard player – The Dakotas keysman, Toni Baker, made several guest appearances – and Ian Jenkins took over the role in 2014.
In 'The Matchstalk Men', Coleman returned to his bass playing roots, Parrott to his rock guitar style, and the band performed songs from the two Brian and Michael albums, plus "many of the favourites we grew up with during our 1950s and 1960s formative years".
2015 celebrated 50 years for Kevin Parrott and Mick Coleman as musical colleagues.
Following Tim Coleman's retirement from the band in 2016, the position of lead vocalist with 'The Matchstalk Men' was taken by Steve Pickering (aka comedian Dudley Doolittle), an old friend of Parrott and Coleman's who actually compèred a show at the London Palladium on the night, in 1978, that Brian and Michael topped the bill as 'number one' recording artists.
Ian Jenkins retired from the business in 2017 and his place on keyboards was, once again, filled by Toni Baker.
Kevin Parrott died from a stroke on 9 October 2023.
Studio albums
* The Matchstalk Men (1978), Pye
* We Can Count Our Friends on One Hand (1979), Pye | WIKI |
Keeping A-Breast
Keeping A-Breast
Everything you need to know about the Breast Lift, written by Dr Nerina Wilkinson MBChB (Stell) M.MedFC PLAST (SA)
The rising trend of the breast lift
According to a new survey, requests for the breast lift surgery has sky-rocketed of late, even outpacing breast implants by two to one. Dr Nerina Wilkinson discusses this procedure and its rising trend…
It’s no secret that breast implants remain one of the most requested and popular procedures in cosmetic surgery. However, new survey results from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) show that since 2000, breast lifts have been outpacing breast implants by two-to-one. Although three times as many women still undergo breast augmentations as breast implants, the number of women undergoing breast lifts has increased by 70% since 2000.
So what is this from?
One of the reasons may be that while patient’s desire firm, beautifully shaped breasts – they still want them to appear natural-looking (and not like they have been operated on). In patients requiring breast augmentation surgery, the trend is to use more naturally shaped breast implants i.e. anatomically shaped implants – as these prevent the telltale round ‘stuck on’ appearance of breast augmentation surgery. That said, however, many patients are now completely happy with the size of their breasts, and are more concerned about them eventually sagging. Patients want to be able to wear revealing clothes without a bra – but don’t want to look like they’ve had ‘work done’.
Sagging breasts: How to perk things up…
Breasts generally sag due to the dreaded effects of gravity. Breastfeeding also plays a part as it stretches the breast skin. Then there is the ageing process: as we grow older, our hormones decrease – which sees the volume of the breasts diminishing as well. As the skin loses its elasticity, the breasts often lose their shape and firmness, making them sag. Breast lift (or mastopexy), is a surgical procedure to raise and reshape sagging breasts—at least, for a time. (Surgery can permanently delay the effects of gravity.) Mastopexy can also reduce the size of the areola (the darker skin surrounding the nipple). Breast lift surgery has for many years been a life-changing procedure for many patients. Recent advances in minimizing the extensive scars of the past have improved results – and have encouraged more ladies to seek breast lift surgery. I tend to use the short “lollipop” scar technique in most of my patients (unless the breasts are too large). The resultant short scar gives patients more confidence and allows them to wear more revealing clothes than they could with the longer, older inverted T scar. A short scar breast lift procedure is more than just a change in the scar. It is a change in the philosophy of how a breast lift is performed. Rather than using the skin to uphold the breast, the breast tissue is completely remodelled – creating an internal bra so that the breast sits in a higher position without the help of the skin. The breast tissue that remains is never disconnected from the nipple, which optimizes the possibility of breastfeeding in the future. Sagging breasts with enough volume and without stretch marks – as well as good elasticity – are perfect for lollipop scars. Some patients may experience sagging of their breasts and would like a slight increase in the volume of the upper pole of the breasts. In the past, plastic surgeons have tried to give the illusion that the breasts are lifted by inserting a larger implant to fill this extra skin, thus preventing the scars associated with a breast lift. I, however, find that most of these patients are disappointed a few years after the surgery, as they have traded “small hanging breasts” for “larger hanging breasts”. They are still unable to wear a shoestring top without a bra, as the nipple-areola complex is still sitting in the same place as before the surgery. In patients requiring a more natural result without a breast implant, a breast lift can be performed to improve not only the sagging but the shape and volume of the breasts as well. This can be done by injecting their own fat into the upper pole of the breast for a natural upper pole fullness. Autogenous fat grafts offer the advantages of preventing the long-term complications associated with the implantation of a breast implant.
How do fat transplants work?
Liposculpture is performed by removing fat from a part of your body that has abundant unwanted fat deposits (e.g. those stubborn love handles). This fat is then purified through a specific technique and then injected into the breasts.
Fat injections create fullness; while providing a lift to the general structure. The goal is, therefore, to give fullness to the breasts, thereby achieving a more youthful state. In addition to adding volume, fat is extremely rich in stem cells, which are reinjected with the fat. Stem cells are known as ‘the fountain of youth’, and helps to stimulate many other cells in the body to improve their functions. Women who desire large, firm or round breasts may not be an appropriate candidate for autogenous fat transplant, as fat grafts result in a more natural-looking appearance. Similarly, fat grafts to the breasts are not a viable option for women lacking significant sources of donor fat for liposuction i.e. they are very thin (as the volume required is very high). Lipofilling can realistically only achieve a natural, small 100cc volume breast augmentation.
Breast lift surgery: How does it work? (From consultation to the operation & recovery care)
Most patients will consult me two-three times before their final surgery day to discuss and plan the size/shape of their breasts, incisions/scars and the possible side effects associated with surgery. The surgery is then performed in the day clinic under conscious sedation. Most patients return home on the same day on analgesics and antibiotics. Yet I recommend that my patients spend a night under specialized nursing care in the postoperative recovery unit for comfort. Recovery is usually uneventful with follow-ups to remove drains and sutures during the 10 days post-operative. Patients can expect some pain and tenderness for a few weeks post-surgery. Special scar plasters are prescribed and should be used for six-12 weeks post-operative to achieve optimal scars.
Who is not a good candidate for a breast lift?
Patients requiring firmer breasts are a good candidate. However, if they require a full round upper pole, then only a breast augmentation would be able to achieve this result. A natural breast has a pear shape – and this is the result you will achieve with a breast lift – with or without fat injections in the upper pole. Patients who are unable to accept scarring on the breasts are also not good candidates. Even though the scars are short, and mature well over 18 months to a light white scar, some patients can heal with hypertrophic scars that will be visible forever.
Prosthetic breast implants have been the golden standard for decades.
Although, many women today are looking for options without the possible complications of an implant – and are therefore looking at some of the newer, more natural techniques to improve the shape and the size of their breasts. A mastopexy i.e. breast lift – with or without lipofilling of the upper pole – is a safe and predictable procedure, resulting in naturally perky breasts.
1 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
autoamputation
Also found in: Encyclopedia.
autoamputation
[aw″to-am″pu-ta´shun]
spontaneous detachment from the body and elimination of an appendage or an abnormal growth, such as a polyp.
autoamputation
/au·to·am·pu·ta·tion/ (-am″pu-ta´shun) spontaneous detachment from the body and elimination of an appendage or an abnormal growth, such as a polyp.
autoamputation
[-amp′yo̅o̅tā′shən]
the spontaneous detachment of a body part, usually the fourth or fifth toe, as occurs among the males of some African peoples. A depression develops across the digitoplantar fold of the toe and gradually progresses until the toe falls off. The condition is usually painless and has no other symptoms. Also called ainhum [ān′hoo͡m, īnyoon′] .
autoamputation
spontaneous detachment from the body and elimination of an appendage or an abnormal growth, such as a polyp.
References in periodicals archive ?
Patient gave a history of similar hyperkeratotic skin lesions over the trunk and both extremities in his ancestors, and few of his maternal relatives, but there was no history of autoamputation of toes in any of his family members.
Ainhum describes the development of constricting bands around toes in underdeveloped countries of Africa and may ultimately result in autoamputation.
Although it is a rare association, early diagnosis and intensive medical and surgical management may avoid progression and autoamputation of digits.
KEY WORDS: Radiation, autoamputation, neoadjuvant radiotherapy
Though, with a few exceptions, Vdose has not been found to be significantly associated with difference in rectal toxicity for doses [less than or equal to]45 Gy,[5] as in our case, neoadjuvant radiotherapy (45 Gy in 28 fractions) caused rectal autoamputation.
The side effects of neoadjuvant therapy were tumor lysis and autoamputation of the rectum.
If autoamputation is indeed the next stage, then it is now when we are uniquely suited to undertake this task.
More often, there has been progression to spontaneous slough or autoamputation (5,7) or surgery and limited amputation.
Thornton is autoamputation and re-implantation of an ovarian dermoid cyst as a result of torsion (1,4).
The left ovary of our patient was absent, therefore making it very likely that this might have been the origin of the dermoid cyst with autoamputation and re-implantation being the mechanism for its attachment to the urinary bladder and deriving its blood supply from it.
This type of asymptomatic ovarian calculus has been reported in children following torsion of ovary leading to necrosis and calcium deposit followed by autoamputation of ovary known as wandering ovary [7]. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Hedge Funds Capitulating Buy Most Stocks Since 2010
Hedge funds trailing the Standard &
Poor’s 500 (SPX) Index for the last five months are giving up on
bearish bets and buying stocks at the fastest rate in two years. A gauge of hedge-fund bullishness measuring the proportion
of bets that shares will rise climbed to 48.6 last week from 42
at the end of November 2011, the biggest increase since April
2010, according to data compiled by the International Strategy &
Investment Group. The Bloomberg aggregate hedge fund index
gained 1.4 percent last month, lagging behind the Standard &
Poor’s 500 Index by 2.65 percentage points. Money managers struggling to catch up with the gains have
contributed to the rally that pushed the S&P 500 up 29 percent
since October as economic reports beat estimates. Market bulls
say they are a continuing source of cash that can move stocks
higher. Bears say capitulating hedge funds are further evidence
that equities have risen too far, too fast as economic growth
remains sluggish, warning that the pool of potential buyers is
being depleted. “It’s encouraged me to gradually increase my exposure to
stocks,” Barton Biggs , founder of hedge fund Traxis Partners LP
in New York, said in a March 23 phone interview, referring to an
improving economic outlook. “The shift has occurred gradually
in the six or so months since the beginning of October. I’d be
inclined to raise my net long further because the potential to
the upside would be greater” should the S&P 500 fall 5 percent
to 7 percent, he said. Biggest Shorts Short bets reached a five-year peak in October 2008 just
before the S&P 500 started a rally that has lifted it 109
percent over three years, according to data compiled by ISI and
Bloomberg. Hedge funds trailed the index for six of the first
seven months of that advance. Overall short interest reached
4.86 percent of outstanding U.S. shares in July 2008, according
to data compiled by NYSE Euronext. Companies with the most shares borrowed and sold by short
sellers have led this quarter’s rally as gains forced bearish
traders to repurchase them. Sears Holdings Corp. (SHLD) has returned
126 percent for the biggest gain in the S&P 500 as short
interest fell to 8.8 percent of outstanding shares last week,
the lowest since August 2010, according to New York-based Data
Explorers. Bank of America Corp. (BAC) and Netflix Inc. (NFLX) have each
increased more than 76 percent and seen a drop in pessimistic
bets this year. ‘Maximum’ Bullish ISI’s index, based on a survey of 36 mostly U.S. hedge
funds with about $89 billion under management, tracks net
exposure on a zero through 100 scale. Readings of zero show
“maximum” short selling, while 100 means “maximum” bullish
bets. At 50, hedge funds are deploying a “normal” ratio of
long to short investments, according to ISI. The S&P 500 slipped 0.5 percent last week to 1,397.11, the
first decline since the five days ended Feb. 10, after
manufacturing contracted more than forecast and China raised
fuel prices. The benchmark gauge for U.S. equities is on track
for the best first-quarter gain since 1998, according to data
compiled by Bloomberg, with a rally of 13 percent. The index
advanced 1.4 percent to 1,416.51 today. Investors placed $70.6 billion with hedge fund managers
last year, pushing industry assets to $2.01 trillion, according
to Chicago-based Hedge Fund Research. The total has risen
another 5 percent in 2012 through February. Hedge funds are
largely unregulated investment vehicles that aim to make money
whether markets rise or fall. The fund managers, who may buy or
sell any asset, charge annual management fees, traditionally 1.5
percent to 2 percent, and receive a portion of investment gains
equal to 20 percent. ‘Missed It’ “These people have missed it again,” Philip Orlando ,
chief equity strategist at Federated Investors Inc., which
oversees about $370 billion, said in an interview at Bloomberg
headquarters in New York on March 20. “They’ve been unduly
bearish in their outlook. That’s certainly come back to hurt
them.” While equities gained as the world’s largest economy began
expanding in the second half of 2009, helped by President Barack Obama’s stimulus measures and the Federal Reserve ’s easy money
policies, it’s been the smallest post-recession recovery rate
since at least the 1940s, according to Bloomberg data. Bruce McCain, at KeyCorp in Cleveland , says that even
though a slower-growing economy is better than a recession, the
29 percent gain in the S&P 500 since October isn’t justified and
stocks will probably drop before they climb. ‘Too Much Enthusiasm’ “There should be a pullback, there’s been just too much
enthusiasm,” McCain, who helps oversee more than $20 billion as
chief investment strategist at the private-banking unit of
KeyCorp in Cleveland, said in a March 22 phone interview. “One
of the last parts of the rally is when people throw in the towel
and buy into it, and there is that risk for the hedge funds
right now.” For Paulson & Co., the hedge fund founded by billionaire
John Paulson , taking a more bullish stance on the U.S. economic
recovery last year meant record losses. One of his largest funds
declined 51 percent in 2011, prompting the manager to reduce
risk just as markets stabilized. Since then, Robert Lacoursiere,
the partner who oversaw the $23 billion hedge fund’s team of
banking analysts, quit to start his own fund. Trading volume has plunged this year, with about 768.44
million shares a day changing hands on the New York Stock
Exchange in the 50 days through March 5, the least since 1999,
Bloomberg data show. While bears say that’s an indication
investors lack confidence in the rally, bulls say it means more
money is available to be lured back to equities. ‘On the Sidelines’ “It’s been pretty painful to sit on the sidelines,”
Walter Todd , who oversees about $950 million as chief investment
officer at Greenwood Capital in Greenwood, South Carolina , said
in a March 20 phone interview. “It’s one of the reasons we’ve
gone as high as we have without correction. Any little pullback
in the market has been bought. You’ll continue to see that with
the hedge funds and others, there’s a lot of money that’s not in
the market right now.” Investors may be convinced to increase stock purchases
after Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke raised his assessment of the
economy this month and signaled he would keep benchmark rates
near the record zero percent through late 2014. The easing has
damped demand for the perceived safety of U.S. Treasuries, (USGG10YR) which
lost 1.4 percent so far this quarter through last week, compared
with the 11 percent rally in the S&P 500. Equities haven’t
beaten bonds by that much since the last three months of 2010. U.S. Growth Economists estimate the U.S. expanded 2 percent in the
first quarter, five times the rate of a year ago, according to
forecasts compiled by Bloomberg. “The search for returns versus low yields on bonds is
certainly helping drive the rally, and there is certainly a fear
of having missed the rally that’s feeding on it, especially
among hedge funds,” said Dennis Leibowitz, managing general
partner at Act II Partners LP, a New York-based hedge fund that
oversees about $400 million. “We have moved exposure up
steadily since fall as a result of the settlement of European-
related high anxiety and volatility, and improving U.S. economic
numbers.” The five-month stretch of trailing the S&P 500 is the
second-longest in data going back to 2005. The longest was when
hedge funds lost to the index for six months from September 2010
and February 2011, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The
equity index rallied 26 percent over that period, compared with
an 11 percent advance for hedge funds. Sears Rally Sears, the department-store chain based in Hoffman Estates ,
Illinois , missed analysts’ average earnings estimates for seven
straight quarters and said it plans to close 62 stores in the
first half of this year to cut costs. The shares are up 126
percent in 2012 after losing 56 percent last year. Netflix shares gained almost seven times as much as the S&P
500 in 2012 even after consumers grew angry about a 60 percent
increase in prices for the online and mail-order video-rental
service and canceled subscriptions last year. The stock tumbled
79 percent from a high of $298.73 on July 13 to November last
year. Short selling in the stock decreased to 8.1 percent of
outstanding shares last week from 20 percent on Feb. 1, 2011,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg and Data Explorers . Bearish bets on Bank of America , the second-biggest U.S.
lender by assets, fell to 1.2 percent from a two-year high in
February. The stock has climbed 79 percent this year and topped
$10 for the first time since August, pushed higher after the
Charlotte , North Carolina-based company passed Federal Reserve
stress tests. “Hedge funds are at least part of the underlying strength
in the recent move, and it has to do with not only buying
stocks, but first and foremost covering,” Michael Holland ,
chairman and founder of New York-based Holland & Co., which
oversees more than $4 billion, said in a March 22 phone
interview. “It’s been a brutal time to be on the short side.” To contact the reporters on this story:
Nikolaj Gammeltoft in New York at
ngammeltoft@bloomberg.net ;
Whitney Kisling in New York at
wkisling@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Nick Baker at
nbaker7@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Herbal teas for weight loss come in various types although most of them contain substances that stimulate one’s metabolism hence promoting weight loss. The tea itself does not contain more than four calories and has caffeine that helps burn more calories.
However even though herbs have many benefits there are still the types that can be potentially dangerous and could even be toxic. These herbs do not pass FDA’s health requirements and is completely banned in the USA and in most countries.
One example is the herbal laxatives like the rhubarb root, buckthorn, senna, aloe, cascara. These types of herbs are usually used in as diet teas. These types can cause cramping and diarrhea and if used improperly for long period can actually cause damage to your digestive system. It increases the risk of bowel movement dysfunction.
Another example is the ephedra; this is an herbal tea for weight loss. can increase a person’s blood pressure, can accelerate the heart rate, and can stimulate the central nervous system. The effect of this herb to a person’s health is fatal and so should be taken in consideration if not to completely eliminate the use for weight loss diets. The herbal fen-phen is known to contain ephedra is associated to heart disorders and heart rate irregularities.
Herbal Teas for Weight Loss
On the other hand there are many herbs that can be used for weight loss; one popular tea is the green tea herb. The green herb tea has flavonoids which are an antioxidant and vitamin C these substances help prevent ageing. It can also aide in weight loss because of the caffeine content which stimulates a person’s metabolism.
Cayenne is also another product that aims to promote weight loss and is very beneficial to one’s health. Capsaicin is one of its components and is known for its ability to promote good digestion which then accelerates your metabolism in a safe way.
Remember there are more than enough herbs out there that you can use to help lose weight and resorting to herbs that promises great result while compromising your health is not a good choice. Weight loss is usually achieved by combining a healthy diet, supplements such as teas and regular works out. If a diet requires you to consume unhealthy herbs such as mentioned above you need to stop and change your diet right away, risking your life is not worth it. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Arthur L. Williams
Arthur L. Williams may refer to:
* Arthur Leonard Williams (politician) (1904–1972), British politician and Governor General of Mauritius
* Arthur Llewellyn Williams (1856–1919), Episcopal bishop
* Arthur L. Williams Jr. (born 1942), billionaire insurance executive | WIKI |
Page:The Scientific Monthly vol. 3.djvu/586
S8o
��THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
��TABLE I
AliLOTMSNT TO WOBLD PABLIAMSNT: NATIONAL ASSETS EQUITABLY WdOHTCD
��Bans: — BtUeA,
1. Land area potential to supporting civilisation — all of the world's land, except- ing the f rosen polar and the arid desert wastes 5%
2. Land area actually supporting civilisation — all of the world's populated land over which law and order prevail 10%
3. Total population 10%
4. Population partaking of the world's work — all persons reported as "liter- ate" in census returns, and in other more or less author- itative estimates 25%
5. Foreign commerce. . . 50%
RuUB.
1. Home territory of sov- ereign nations — ^f ull rate.
2. Autonomous colonies and semi-sovereign coun- tries — ^half rate.
3. Non-autonomous col- onies — quarter rate.
4. Each sovereign nation to have at least one repre- sentative.
6. Ck>lonial and semi- sovereign country evalua- tions accredited to the mother or sponsor country.
BiiUC.
1. Total number of repre- sentatives: 500.
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Equador
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��500
��Note, — This schedule does not include the results of the recent *' Balkan Wars" — ^nor of course of the present "Chreat War."
The area of the entire world is included under the above 45 sovereignties. The semi-sovereign nations were assessed at half rate and their ratings accredited to their respective sponsor nations.
These tables show only the summaries. The foil details of the calculations are omitted for lack of space.
�� � | WIKI |
User:Luminaux
A human with desire for a society focused on truth and knowledge, rather than deception and greed. | WIKI |
Page:Waverley Novels, vol. 22 (1831).djvu/232
"And what was it?--and did it cure your nag, Jack Hostler?" was uttered and echoed by all who stood around.
"Why, how can I tell you what it was?" said the hostler; "simply it smelled and tasted--for I did make bold to put a pea's substance into my mouth--like hartshorn and savin mixed with vinegar; but then no hartshorn and savin ever wrought so speedy a cure. And I am dreading that if Wayland Smith be gone, the bots will have more power over horse and cattle."
The pride of art, which is certainly not inferior in its influence to any other pride whatever, here so far operated on Wayland Smith, that, notwithstanding the obvious danger of his being recognized, he could not help winking to Tressilian, and smiling mysteriously, as if triumphing in the undoubted evidence of his veterinary skill. In the meanwhile, the discourse continued.
"E'en let it be so," said a grave man in black, the companion of Gaffer Grimesby; "e'en let us perish under the evil God sends us, rather than the devil be our doctor."
"Very true," said Dame Crane; "and I marvel at Jack Hostler that he would peril his own soul to cure the bowels of a nag."
"Very true, mistress," said Jack Hostler, "but the nag was my master's; and had it been yours, I think ye would ha' held me cheap enow an I had feared the devil when the poor beast was in such a taking. For the rest, let the clergy look to it. Every | WIKI |
AutoIt
Autoitlogo.png
AutoIT example script.png
ParadigmObject-oriented, imperative, functional, procedural, reflective
Designed byJonathan Bennett
DeveloperAutoIt Consulting Ltd.
First appearedJanuary 1999; 23 years ago (1999-01)
Stable release
3.3.16.1 / September 19, 2022; 2 months ago (2022-09-19)[1]
Preview release
3.3.16.1 RC2 / June 9, 2022; 5 months ago (2022-06-09)[2]
PlatformIA-32 and x64
OSWindows XP SP3 and later
Windows Server 2003 and later
LicenseFreeware
Filename extensions.au3
Websitewww.autoitscript.com
Influenced by
BASIC
AutoIt /ɔːt ɪt/[3] is a freeware programming language for Microsoft Windows. In its earliest release, it was primarily intended to create automation scripts (sometimes called macros) for Microsoft Windows programs[4] but has since grown to include enhancements in both programming language design and overall functionality.
The scripting language in AutoIt 1 and 2 was statement-driven and designed primarily for simulating user interaction. From version 3 onward, the AutoIt syntax is similar to that found in the BASIC family of languages. In this form, AutoIt is a general-purpose, third-generation programming language with a classical data model and a variant data type that can store several types of data, including arrays.
An AutoIt automation script can be converted into a compressed, stand-alone executable which can be run on computers even if they do not have the AutoIt interpreter installed. A wide range of function libraries (known as UDFs, or "User Defined Functions")[5] are also included as standard or are available from the website to add specialized functionality. AutoIt is also distributed with an IDE based on the free SciTE editor. The compiler and help text are fully integrated and provide a de facto standard environment for developers using AutoIt.
History
Release timeline
1999January: First AutoIt Version (1.0)
August: AutoIt v2 and AutoItX
September: First AutoIt version with Compiler
2000
2001
2002December: AutoIt v3 (Public Beta)
2003
2004February: AutoIt v3 (Stable)
2005
2006September: Auto3Lib started
2007November: AutoIt v3.2.10.0 released, Auto3Lib incorporated into AutoIt v3
2008May: AutoIt v3.2.12.0 released, incorporating added GUI functionality
December: AutoIt (and AutoItX) v3.3.0.0 released
2009December: AutoIt v3.3.2.0 released
2010January: AutoIt v3.3.4.0 released
March: AutoIt v3.3.6.0 released
April: AutoIt v3.3.6.1 released
2011December: AutoIt v3.3.8.0 released
2012January: AutoIt v3.3.8.1 released
2013December: AutoIt v3.3.10.0 released
2014June: AutoIt v3.3.12.0 released
2015July: AutoIt v3.3.14.0 and v3.3.14.1 released
September: AutoIt v3.3.14.2 released[8]
2016
2017
2018February: AutoIt v3.3.14.3 released[6]
March: AutoIt v3.3.14.5 released[7]
AutoIt1 and AutoIt2 were closed-source projects, and had a very different syntax than AutoIt3, whose syntax is more like VBScript and BASIC.[9]
AutoIt3 was initially free and open-source, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License,[10][11] with its initial public release 3.0.100 in February 2004,[12] and had open-source releases in March 2004 and August 2004. Version 3.0.102, released in August 2004, was initially open-source, but by January 2005 was distributed as closed-source.[13] Subsequent releases, starting from the February 2005 release of version 3.1.0, were all closed-source. Version 3.1.0 was also the first release with support for GUI scripts.
Related projects
The free and open-source AutoHotkey project derived 29 of its functions from the AutoIt 3.1 source code.[14] The AutoHotkey syntax is quite different from AutoIt3 syntax, and rather resembles AutoIt2 syntax.
Features
AU3 File Format Icon
AU3 File Format Icon
AutoIt is typically used to produce utility software for Microsoft Windows and to automate routine tasks, such as systems management, monitoring, maintenance, or software installation. It is also used to simulate user interaction, whereby an application is "driven" (via automated form entry, keypresses, mouse clicks, and so on) to do things by an AutoIt script.
AutoIt can also be used in low-cost laboratory automation. Applications include instrument synchronization, alarm monitoring and results gathering. Devices such as CNC routers and 3D-printers can also be controlled.[15]
Examples
Hello world
; Make available a library of constant values.
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>
; Displays "Hello, world!" in a message box.
MsgBox($MB_SYSTEMMODAL, "Title", "Hello, world!")
Automating the Windows Calculator
; Make available a library of constant values.
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>
; Display a message box with a timeout of 6 seconds.
MsgBox($MB_OK, "Attention", "Avoid touching the keyboard or mouse during automation.", 6)
; Run the Windows Calculator.
Run("calc.exe")
; Wait for the calculator to become active with a timeout of 10 seconds.
WinWaitActive("[CLASS:CalcFrame]", "", 10)
; If the calculator did not appear after 10 seconds then exit the script.
If WinExists("[CLASS:CalcFrame]") = 0 Then Exit
; Automatically type the current year into the calculator.
Send(@YEAR)
; Let's slow the script down a bit so we can see what's going on.
Sleep(600)
; Automatically type in 'divide by 4', and then sleep 600 ms.
Send("/4")
Sleep(600)
; Hit the return key to display the result, and sleep 600 ms.
Send("{ENTER}")
Sleep(600)
; Copy the result to the clipboard using the Windows shortcut Ctrl+C.
Send("^c")
; Declare, and assign the contents of the clipboard to, a variable.
Local $fResult = ClipGet()
; Check to see if the variable contains a decimal point or not.
If StringInStr($fResult, ".") Then
; Display a message box with a timeout of 5 seconds.
MsgBox($MB_OK, "Leap Year", @YEAR & " is not a leap year.", 5)
Else
; This message will only display if the current year is a leap year.
MsgBox($MB_OK, "Leap Year", @YEAR & " is a leap year.", 5)
EndIf
; Close the Windows calculator - always tidy up afterwards.
WinClose("[CLASS:CalcFrame]")
Find average
; Find Average by JohnOne, modified by czardas
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>
_Example() ; Run the example.
Func _Example()
; Display an input box and ask the user to enter some numbers separated by commas.
Local $sInput = InputBox("Find Average", "Enter some numbers separated by commas: 1,2,42,100,3")
; If an error occurred then exit the script.
If @error Then Exit
; Populate an array with the user's input.
Local $aSplit = StringSplit($sInput, ",")
; Pass the array to the function _Find_Average() and then check for errors.
Local $fAverage = _Find_Average($aSplit)
If @error Then Exit
; Display the result in a message box.
MsgBox($MB_OK, "Find Average", "Result: " & $fAverage)
EndFunc ;==>_Example
Func _Find_Average($aArray)
; If the input is not of the correct type (an array), then return an error along with the details.
If Not IsArray($aArray) Then Return SetError(1, 0, VarGetType($aArray))
; More detailed checks are possible, but for brevity just one is performed here.
; Declare a variable to store the sum of the numbers.
Local $iArraySum = 0
; Loop through the array.
For $i = 1 To $aArray[0]
; Increment the sum by the number in each array element.
$iArraySum += Number($aArray[$i])
Next
; Return the average rounded to 2 decimal places.
Return Round($iArraySum / $aArray[0], 2)
EndFunc ;==>_Find_Average
See also
References
1. ^ "AutoIt Downloads". AutoIt. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
2. ^ "AutoIt 3.3.16.1 Release Candidate". AutoIt. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
3. ^ "Reply by Jon (AutoIt creator) to a forum topic discussing correct pronunciation".
4. ^ Kaplan, Steve (2003). Citrix Metaframe Access Suite for Windows Server 2003. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-219566-5.
5. ^ "User Defined Functions". AutoIt. 2021-06-22. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
6. ^ Bennett, Jonathan (February 2, 2018). "AutoIt v3.3.14.3 Released".
7. ^ Bennett, Jonathan (March 16, 2018). "AutoIt v3.3.14.5 Released".
8. ^ "AutoIt History". www.autoitscript.com. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
9. ^ "AutoIt Scripting Language". Archived from the original on 2005-02-11.
10. ^ "Licensing Opinions". AutoIt. 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2018-10-05. The GPL license was chosen as it is generally accepted as the most restrictive
11. ^ "License". 2014-03-25. Archived from the original on 2005-01-04. Retrieved 2018-10-05. AutoIt is copyrighted software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (hereinafter the "GPL")
12. ^ "Index of /autoit3/files/archive/autoit". www.autoitscript.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
13. ^ "AutoIt". Archived from the original on 2005-02-06.
14. ^ "Three thumbs up! - Offtopic". AutoHotkey Community.
15. ^ Carvalho, Matheus C. (March 2016). Practical Laboratory Automation: Made Easy with AutoIt. Wiley V. pp. 5–7. ISBN 978-3-527-34158-0. Topics Covered in this Book.
16. ^ "AutoitObject. a library to use object-oriented design in autoit". February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-02-26. Retrieved 2021-07-16. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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How to take CBD?
Welcome to our complete guide on "How to Take CBD". CBD , or cannabidiol, is a component of cannabis that comes from hemp. It is gaining popularity thanks to its many health benefits . Whether you are new to the world of CBD or looking to refine your method of consumption , this article is for you. We will explore the different forms of CBD , such as oil , capsules , flowers, and sublingual applications, as well as their effects on the body and sleep . You will learn how to take CBD effectively, depending on the concentration , dosage , and your personal needs. From sublingual intake to capsules , each solution has its own benefits. Discover what quantity and concentration is ideal for you and how to integrate CBD into your daily routine to improve your health and well-being . Not sure which product to turn to? Do not hesitate to consult the HEMPIA CBD SITE which specializes in high-quality CBD oils.
woman taking a pipette of CBD oil out of its bottle
Sublingual intake of CBD oil
• Explanation of the sublingual method
The sublingual method of taking CBD involves directly administering CBD oil under the tongue . This technique allows for rapid absorption of CBD into the bloodstream via the blood vessels located under the tongue. To do this, a few drops of oil are placed under the tongue and held there for about 60 to 90 seconds before swallowing. This method bypasses the digestive system, which can speed up the effects of CBD . It is appreciated for its simplicity and effectiveness, especially for its rapid action. The dosage can be easily adjusted using the dropper, thus offering appreciable flexibility and precision in the consumption of CBD .
• Advantages and disadvantages
The benefits of taking CBD sublingually lie mainly in its fast and efficient absorption. When CBD oil is placed under the tongue , the effects can be felt within minutes, which is ideal for those looking for quick relief, such as from an anxiety attack or sudden pain. This method also allows for precise dosing, as users can easily control the number of drops used.
However, the sublingual method also has its drawbacks. The taste of CBD oil can be unpleasant to some, due to its earthy and herbal character. Additionally, the need to hold the oil under the tongue for a minute or two can be uncomfortable or impractical for some people, especially in public or in time-sensitive situations.
In summary, while the sublingual method is effective for rapid absorption and dosage control, it can present challenges in terms of taste and convenience of use. Users should therefore weigh these factors to determine if this method meets their personal needs and preferences.
• How to dose and apply
Dosing and applying sublingual CBD oil requires careful consideration to ensure both effectiveness and safety. To dose, start with a small amount, often one or two drops , and gradually increase according to your body ’s needs and reactions. Using a dropper allows for precise control over the amount , which is crucial to finding the ideal dosage . You can find charts to help you find the right dosage based on your age, weight, gender, desired effects, etc. As for application, place the drops directly under the tongue and hold them there for 60 to 90 seconds before swallowing. This period allows for maximum absorption of the CBD into the blood vessels under the tongue. It is important to note that dosage can vary depending on various personal factors, such as weight, metabolism, and CBD tolerance level. Therefore, a gradual and careful approach is recommended to identify the optimal amount that meets your specific needs.
CBD flowers and capsules on a light background
Using CBD Capsules
• Benefits of capsules
CBD capsules and softgels offer a number of distinct advantages, particularly in terms of convenience and dosing accuracy. A key benefit is ease of use: each capsule contains a pre-measured dose of CBD , eliminating the need to measure drops , which is particularly useful for those who prefer a simple and straightforward method. This also ensures consistency in dosing , as each unit contains the exact same amount of CBD . Additionally, capsules and softgels mask the natural taste of CBD , which may be preferable for those who are sensitive to the earthy flavors of CBD oil . Additionally, their discreet form allows for easy and non-intrusive consumption, ideal for those with active lifestyles or those who wish to take their CBD in public without attracting attention. Finally, capsules and softgels offer a slower release of CBD into the body , which may be beneficial for those seeking a prolonged effect.
• Dosage and frequency of use
The dosage and frequency of use of CBD capsules are important aspects for effective consumption and adapted to each individual. The major advantage of these forms lies in their precise and constant dosage, each capsule containing a determined amount of CBD . This greatly simplifies the process for users , eliminating the need to measure drops as with CBD oil . In general, it is recommended to start with a low dose, often one per day, and gradually increase according to the needs and effects felt.
Frequency of use will depend on personal health and wellness goals. Some people may find taking one capsule once a day is sufficient, while others may prefer multiple doses spread throughout the day for a more consistent effect. It is essential to listen to your body and adjust frequency and dosage accordingly.
The CBD concentration of each capsule should also be considered when establishing a dosage regimen. Products vary in the amount of CBD per unit , which can influence the number of capsules needed to achieve the desired effect. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional or follow the manufacturer's recommendations to determine the appropriate dosage .
In conclusion, while CBD capsules offer the benefit of precise and easy dosing , each user should experiment and adjust the dosage and frequency to meet their specific health and wellness needs.
• Comparison with CBD oil
When comparing CBD capsules to sublingual CBD oil , there are notable differences in terms of absorption and duration of effects . Sublingual CBD oil works quickly, as it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream under the tongue , providing almost immediate relief. This method is therefore ideal for those who need a quick effect, such as in cases of acute pain or anxiety. In contrast, CBD capsules, absorbed through the digestive system, provide a slower and more prolonged release of CBD into the body . This method of administration is better suited for a long-lasting effect, useful for managing chronic conditions or for constant support throughout the day. Capsules also offer increased discretion and eliminate the earthy taste of the oil , while sublingual oil allows for more precise dosage adjustment. The choice between these two forms will depend on the specific needs of each user .
CBD joint being rolled
Other Methods of Consuming CBD
• Topical applications and other forms
Topical applications and other forms of CBD offer a variety of alternatives to meet specific needs. Topical forms, such as creams, lotions, or balms, are applied directly to the skin and are ideal for targeted relief of localized pain or skin issues. This method allows for precise action on the affected area without affecting the rest of the body , which is advantageous for those looking for localized action. Other forms include sprays, vaporizer e-liquids, and transdermal patches, each offering a unique method of consumption. Vaporizers, for example, allow for rapid absorption similar to sublingual oil , while patches provide a sustained release of CBD , useful for a long-lasting effect. Each form has its own particularities, giving users various options for incorporating CBD into their routine based on their specific preferences and needs.
We haven't talked about hemp flower which is perhaps the best-selling and most popular product among consumers. Indeed, the vast majority of CBD consumers come from cannabis consumers who enjoy (enjoyed) the effects of THC.
• CBD in Food
Incorporating CBD into your diet is an appealing and versatile method of consuming this compound. Used in CBD -infused recipes, drinks, or treats, it makes for a pleasant and discreet way to consume it. CBD-infused foods and drinks offer a way to enjoy the benefits of CBD while savoring a variety of flavors. However, this method of ingestion has a slower absorption, as the CBD must pass through the digestive system. This means that the effects may take longer to kick in, but they tend to last longer. Ideal for daily use, CBD in your diet is perfect for those looking to naturally incorporate it into their routine without the sensation of taking a supplement. It’s also a great option for those who don’t enjoy the taste of other forms of CBD .
• Choice of method according to needs
Choosing a method of CBD consumption should be aligned with individual needs and wellness goals. Sublingual CBD oil is preferred for fast relief and precise dosing, ideal for acute pain or immediate anxiety. Capsules and softgels are suitable for those looking for a prolonged effect and discreet consumption, perfect for regular daily use. Topical CBD applications target localized pain and skin problems, providing direct relief to the affected area. Incorporating CBD into the diet is ideal for a more subtle approach, combining wellness with culinary pleasure. The decision depends on factors such as the desired speed of action, duration of effects, convenience, and personal preference. Exploring and adapting these different methods helps to find the optimal approach for each individual, ensuring a personalized and effective CBD experience.
Conclusion
In conclusion, taking CBD is a personal experience that depends on your health and wellness needs. Whether you opt for oil , capsules , or another form of CBD , the important thing is to find the method and dosage that works for you. Remember to consider concentration and quantity to maximize the beneficial effects . CBD offers a multitude of possibilities to improve your quality of life , reduce stress , and relieve pain . If you are ready to discover the exceptional properties of this molecule , visit HEMPIA CBD for a selection of high- quality CBD products . Whether it is for back relief, sleep aid, or simply for better general well-being , Hempia has what you need. Start your journey to better health with CBD today!
// Système de sommaire
OTHER BLOG ARTICLE
huile CBD, gélules CBD, graines et feuilles de chanvre sur une table grise
How to choose the right CBD percentage?
Detailed guide to choosing the right CBD percentage for your use: CBD consumption tips for beginners, intermediates and experts.
Read more
réveil rouge avec en fond des feuilles de chanvre
When to take CBD?
Welcome to our in-depth exploration of CBD, a molecule extracted from hemp that is gaining popularity for its many benefits to the body and mind. You may be wondering when to take CBD? Whether it’s...
Read more | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ben Franklin, Texas
Ben Franklin is an unincorporated community in Delta County, Texas, United States, four miles (6 km) northeast of Pecan Gap and 77 miles (124 km) northeast of Dallas. The town's ZIP Code is 75415.
The settlement was located on Benjamin Simmons' land grant and named for his son, Benjamin Franklin Simmons. The Simmons family, along with the Birdwells and Hogues, arrived in the area in 1835 and were among the first settlers.
Rise of the town
The first post office was established in 1853. The next year, a Methodist Episcopal church was established. The first school in the settlement was probably established shortly after the Civil War.
By 1884 Ben Franklin had a population of 200 and thrice-weekly mail service. Cotton ginning and shipment were the major businesses, but others included three sawmills, a shingle manufacturer, two flour mills, and a feed mill. The town also had three general stores, the McGinnis and Company saloon, a restaurant, an apothecary shop, and a blacksmith shop.
The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway built a track just north of Ben Franklin in 1886, and the settlement became a stop on the line by 1889. In 1890, it had a population of 1,000, two hotels, two livery stables, and a telegraph office. John McFall had opened a grocery, and P. H. Snodgrass worked as a sign painter. Citizens could attend new Baptist, Christian, and Adventist churches. In 1892, Ben Franklin supported two new hotels, a doctor had opened an office, and a barber had moved to town.
Decline and near desertion of the town
In 1895 the Texas-Midland Railroad built through Cooper, the county seat, and drew much of the traffic from Ben Franklin. By 1904, the population had decreased to 343. As of 1912, only two businesses remained. Records for 1918 indicated two segregated schools. The town had 300 people and no businesses in 1925.
However, by 1929 it had undergone a slight revival with 500 residents and a bank. By 1936, the railway through town had become part of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe system, and the town had seven businesses, a school, three churches, and a population of 300. In 1945, rapidly declining Ben Franklin had 250 residents and seven businesses.
In 1964, Ben Franklin had a water tank, two churches, two cemeteries, one business, the post office, and 150 inhabitants. Six years later there was a Ben Franklin Community Center. The only business in 1976 was Fremman's Grocery. In 1990, the community had seventy-five residents. | WIKI |
Author dmick
Recipients Joe.Julian, benjamin.peterson, dmick, doko, neologix, pitrou, vstinner
Date 2014-11-20.02:56:02
SpamBayes Score -1.0
Marked as misclassified Yes
Message-id <1416452163.3.0.245970726012.issue21963@psf.upfronthosting.co.za>
In-reply-to
Content
Hi; I'm the original author of the code in the Ceph CLI.
The reason it does what it does is that the Python CLI calls into librados (Ceph, through ctypes) to connect to the cluster; that connection can block for various reasons, so it's spawned in a thread; after a timeout or ^C, we desire to exit, but if we've got a non-daemon thread stuck in Ceph, and no way to cancel it from the threading module, sys.exit() will also block waiting for the Ceph thread to finally give up. If, however, we set that thread as a daemon thread, it doesn't block the sys.exit() (that being, I thought, the whole point of daemon threads).
I confess I don't fully understand the change in 7741d0dd66ca, but it does seem to have the side effect of not actually allowing exit while there are outstanding daemon threads not hitting Python.
History
Date User Action Args
2014-11-20 02:56:03dmicksetrecipients: + dmick, doko, pitrou, vstinner, benjamin.peterson, neologix, Joe.Julian
2014-11-20 02:56:03dmicksetmessageid: <1416452163.3.0.245970726012.issue21963@psf.upfronthosting.co.za>
2014-11-20 02:56:03dmicklinkissue21963 messages
2014-11-20 02:56:02dmickcreate | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
X
Categories: Uncategorized
How Soon After Childbirth Can I Have A Vaginoplasty?
This week’s Atlantic Coast Aesthetics Question of the Week comes from one of our followers on Twitter. The patient just had a baby and is interested in vaginoplasty, or reconstructive surgery of the vaginal area to increase tightness and correct damage to the vagina from childbirth and other issues. The question is, “How soon after childbirth can I have a vaginoplasty?” Dr. Thomas Pane, our Chief Medical Officer and founder, was interested to address this question because it is quite among mothers who want to regain a more youthful look and feel to their vaginal areas, with the added benefit of feeling more confident and sexy in their own skins.
Dr. Pane said that when it comes to vaginoplasty, there are a number of questions to consider. He typically does not consider vaginoplasty for a woman who wishes to continue having children. The reason for this is because every woman’s body and every birth is a little different, and performing vaginoplasty on a woman who is not done with childbearing means that the beneficial effects of the procedure may be negated completely during future childbirth, requiring further intervention to restore the area once again with a higher risk of complications and postoperative difficulties.
Another question is time elapsed since birth. Some surgeons will perform a vaginoplasty starting at three months postpartum. In Dr. Pane’s case, he prefers to wait a little longer, sometimes as much as six months after delivery, because this gives the best possible picture as to how the patient is recovering from the birth and whether the procedure will be of benefit in the first place. During childbirth, the muscles of the vagina stretch and expand to accommodate the baby’s passage through the birth canal. In many cases, this stretching is temporary and corrects itself as the swelling and trauma to the area heal, making vaginoplasty largely unnecessary. However, in some situations, especially where there is tearing of the vaginal entrance or other complications, the muscles may be damaged enough to require surgical intervention to counter the laxity of the area and help tighten up the vaginal walls.
Dr. Pane stresses that each patient is different, making it difficult or impossible to gauge how a given patient will react to vaginoplasty or any other procedure without an in-person clinical evaluation. This allows the surgeon to get a sense of the patient’s medical history, concerns and goals. It also facilitates examining the problem area at first hand, to understand what the current status is and determine what will be needed to correct it. In some cases, vaginoplasty may not be appropriate or another treatment option that is less invasive may be a more viable option.
Regardless, Dr. Pane says there’s no value added in jumping the gun on having a vaginoplasty. Especially when dealing with an area as prone to change as the vagina, which has to change somewhat during the course of the monthly menstrual cycle and more dramatically to prepare to permit the baby out of the mother’s body, rushing to perform such a procedure may actually create more problems than it solves. For the optimal results, it is best to wait until healing from childbirth has progressed far enough to properly evaluate whether an actual problem exists at all and determine how to proceed to fix it.
Everyone deserves to feel attractive and desirable. The vagina, as the epicenter of femininity and female sexuality, can be a very sensitive topic for many women, especially if they feel their vaginas are not sufficiently “sexy” on their own merits. It is important to seek out a surgeon who understands and can empathize with not only the existing condition, but how and why it matters. Vaginoplasty and similar procedures are primary focus areas for Dr. Pane, because he feels that when a person feels more attractive, confidence, feeling more beautiful and more likely believe in their own desirability inevitably follows.
Cosmetic surgery isn’t just for faces and tummies anymore. If you’d like to learn more about cosmetic procedures, we invite you to contact us on our Facebook or Twitter pages; email us at http://acplasticsurg.com; or call us at (561) 422-4116. There’s only one bad question, and that’s the one you don’t ask! Even better, your question may help others as ACA’s next Question of the Week, answered in person by Dr. Pane himself in a live Google Hangout. You deserve to be able to enjoy your body to the fullest, and ACA is committed to helping you do exactly that!
Matt : | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Polblue
Polblue is a mountain on the Barrington Tops plateau, located in the Mid-Coast Council within New South Wales, Australia.
At 1575 m above sea level, Polblue is the second highest point in the area after Brumlow Top. The surrounding area is covered by sub alpine snow gum woodland and high altitude swamps. Nearby is a popular camping ground and bushwalking trails contained with the Barrington Tops National Park. | WIKI |
LibreOffice
LibreOffice 6.4 SDK API Reference
Public Attributes | List of all members
ExternalLinkInfo Struct Reference
describes an external link in a formula. More...
import"ExternalLinkInfo.idl";
Public Attributes
long Type
Link type, one of ExternalLinkType constants. More...
any Data
Location of this link type. More...
Detailed Description
describes an external link in a formula.
Since
OOo 3.1
Member Data Documentation
◆ Data
any Data
Location of this link type.
Modes used:
1. If Type is ExternalLinkType::EXTERNAL, this member shall contain a string with the URI of a document. The formula that would need this information for example would contain =[1]Sheet1!A1 or ='[1]Sheet name'!A1 where [1] does resolve to the URI contained in the member Data. Note that the quotes cover both, the document name and the sheet name.
2. If Type is ExternalLinkType::DDE, this member shall contain a DDELinkInfo describing service name, topic, and all known items of a DDE link.
◆ Type
long Type
Link type, one of ExternalLinkType constants.
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Mind (Old Series) Volume 11.djvu/236
THE TIME TAKEN UP BY CEREBRAL OPERATIONS. 235 about y^-g-s. from those preceding and following it, and less than J-Q-^-S. from reactions made on different days and under changed circumstances. I do not however lay much weight on the third decimal ; if this investigation were to be repeated it is not likely that we should obtain the same results to Y^nj-<yS. When B's reaction-time for light is given as 1500-, I only mean that this was the result of these 520 reactions ; in comparing this with other determinations where we wish to know the absolute length of B's reaction-time, we can best limit ourselves to saying that it is '15s., or perhaps better still, between -14 and '16s. In these experiments the reaction was made with the right hand. The time is the same with the left hand. 1 I give in Table II. the average of five series (130 reactions) made with the left hand on light and also on sound. 2 TABLE II. I J C 1 R V R' V R V R' V Light... 3-7. IV 153 19 156 8 147 11 148 6 Sound... 3-7. IV 126 8 126 6 122 11 122 7 It is a matter which the later sections of this paper will show to be of special interest to us that the time is longer when the re- action is made with the speech-organs. To determine this time I used both the lip-key and the sound-key above described. In either case the observer said ' Jetzt ' as soon as possible after the appearance of the light, and the motion of the speech-organs stopped the hands of the chronoscope in the way I have explained. The results of these experiments are given in Table III. We thus find that it takes about 30<r longer to make the re- action with the speech- organs than with the hand. I used an additional method of determining the reaction-time with the speech- organs. The observer as quickly as possible after the appearance of the light simply said * Jetzt ' ; a second observer as soon as he heard the sound let go the telegraph-key, and this stopped the hands of the chronoscope. The hands recorded the time of a double reaction, that of the first observer on the light with his speech-organs, and that of the second observer on the sound with his hand. But we can determine 1 Tischer, Phil. Studien, i., 534 ; Merkel, Ib., ii., 88. Prof. G. S. Hall and Dr. Hartwell (MiND, ix. 93) do not seem to have known of the work published by Tischer and Merkel. 2 The sound (as in all cases where the reaction-time for sound was measured) was made by a stone ball 22 gr. in weight, falling from a height of 33 cm. on the wooden base of the Hipp gravity-apparatus. | WIKI |
User:SCREAM OFFICIAL/sandbox
·Episode one = "The dead that follows" October7,2018 the characters find them self in a frightening situation when friend from the dead come back
·Episode Two ="Half Awake" October 7,2018 Miyana is now in town and many dont feel like she is in place and the killer makes his/hers first move
·Episode Three = "New(er) friends" October7,2018 Kym has a wierd feeling about miyana and stalks her.Three ladies nammed Brooke Maddox,Audrey Jenson,and Emma Fitzgerald come in the town and the killer makes them all play with one dead
·Episode 4 = "No Hero,Oh well" October8,2018 Liv,beth,jamal,manny,shane,Deion Elliot,Miyana,and Brooke go to the abonded whare house on the niomi street to find amair and emma crucified. The killer goes for a third kill but fails by getting impaled to reveal our first killer
·Episode 5 = "Not the End for us" October8,2018 They thought it was over and they were wrong the killer made a final cutting move by killing 3 people Shane,beth,and jamal
·Episode 6 = "Good bye killers October8,2018 The killer is reaveld and they got the final laugh | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2022 October 30
= October 30 =
Should I change the paper (filter)?
There's a large, grilled exhaust vent in my apartment's bathroom. I throw a paper napkin or tissue paper up there and it sticks, such is the power of the fan pulling air out of the building. Over time, the tissue would blacken. I've been changing it periodically, but since the air's only really going one way, I wonder if it's necessary. To the extent that the dirty stuff helps clog up the tissue, it'll cause more dirty stuff to stick, right?
No, I don't have the power to get the building to clean the exhaust pipes more frequently. Imagine Reason (talk) 02:53, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* Blocking a bathroom vent in any way is a bad idea, and possibly illegal. Remove the paper completely. There is no need for any sort of filter. Shantavira|feed me 10:00, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* The filter impedes the flow of air to the outside and so helps to keep the dust, bacteria, mould spores or whatever is drifting in the air inside. Even less air will pass through a clogged filter, so you may end up catching less of the stuff. If your aim is to collect as much "dirty stuff" as possible for a scientific study, you should regularly replace the filter. --Lambiam 17:24, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* Yeah, you want to filter the air coming in to your abode, not on its way out. Abductive (reasoning) 17:50, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* The ventilation shaft is not really cleaned and very dirty. Imagine Reason (talk) 02:38, 1 November 2022 (UTC)
* So I've decided to let the vent work when the bathroom is not occupied. When it is, I can feel such a draft through the gaps in the door frame that there's obviously a greater chance of the grime blowing in from the shaft. Imagine Reason (talk) 03:03, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
Synchrotron effect on electric charges
In particle accelerators, can we also find the synchrotron effect on positrons, protons and anti-protons which are also electrical charges? Where can I find this information? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Malypaet (talk • contribs) 05:00, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* For positrons, the synchrotron radiation is the same as for electrons. Protons and anti-protons do emit synchrotron radiation, but much less than electrons. This is because of $$ E = \gamma m c^2$$: at the same energy E, the Lorentz factor γ is about a factor 2000 smaller than for less massive electrons. Synchrotron power goes as $$\gamma^4$$ and is therefore a factor 1013 smaller (cf. Synchrotron radiation). --Wrongfilter (talk) 07:11, 30 October 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Draft:Brent Liufau
Brent Liufau, born on March 21, 2004, is a French rugby union player who primarily occupies the positions of Number 8 or lock for Section Paloise in the Top 14 competition. Lifau achieved victory in the 2023 World Rugby U20 Championship as a member of the France national under-20 team.
Early life and education
Brent Liufau was born on 21 March 2004 in Wallis and Futuna, later relocating to New Caledonia, where he commenced his rugby career at CREC Nouméa.
In 2020, he signed with Section Paloise and joined the Top 14 club at the end of the 2020–21 season.
Professional career
Brent Liufau became part of Section Paloise's professional squad from the 2022-2023 season onwards. In April 2022, he earned selection for the France national under-18 team initially. He made his professional debut in the ECPR Challenge Cup in December 2022, aged eighteen, starting as a Number 8. In January 2023, he was called up for the Six Nations Under 20s Championship. He started as a lock in the first two matches, scoring a try against Ireland, and made substitute appearances in the last two matches, with France finishing as runners-up. In May, he extended his contract with the club until June 2027.
In June 2023, he was named in the squad for the 2023 World Rugby U20 Championship alongside three other Section players: Théo Attissogbé, Clément Mondinat, and Hugo Auradou. He started as a lock alongside his Section Paloise teammate Hugo Auradou in the opening match against Japan, scoring a try. In the second pool match against the Baby Blacks, Liufau played alongside Posolo Tuilagi and scored another try. At the end of the tournament, he was part of the victorious French team, defeating Ireland in the final with a scoreline of 50-14, where he featured as a substitute.
Brent Liufau commenced the 2022-2023 season buoyed by his junior world championship title earned during the summer. However, he encountered a series of injuries. Following a knee injury during summer preparations, he returned to the squad to face RC Toulon in December 2024, before playing 75 minutes against the Sharks due to Guillaume Ducat's injury during the match. Scheduled to start the subsequent Challenge Cup match against Dragons RFC, he suffered a fracture and dislocation in his ankle during warm-up, severely jeopardizing the remainder of his season.
Personal life
Brent Liufau was born in Wallis and Futuna and grew up in New Caledonia.
Honours
1× World Rugby U20 Championship: 2023
* International | WIKI |
Talk:Neelix
Dispute
This article needs to conform to: Manual of Style (writing about fiction)
As written, the article presents fiction as reality. - Davodd 16:12, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
* Agreed, it could use some facts like who invented the character, and why, and why the character is important to enough to be in the encyclopedia. Also information on the character development over time would be valuable. The Five Ws would add value. --BrianFennell (talk) 19:22, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
However, this is not English, but awkwardly written
This paragraph:
* While Kes and Neelix are involved in a romantic relationship when they come aboard Voyager. While under the control of an alien rebel, Kes decides to terminate her relationship with Neelix. Even after her restoration however, Kes does not choose to continue seeing Neelix although their break-up is never shown on-screen but the two remained good friends, however.
...has a number of problems. It does not use proper English. It would require knowledge of the fictional events to fix it. --BrianFennell (talk) 19:06, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
UPDATE: In response to Brian's comments, I fixed the awkward structure of the original author's paragraph earlier this month. I just made a secondary correction (double wording). All is well. -David 17:34, 15 May 2011
Category:Star Trek hybrids
Removed the cat since Neelix is 100% talaxian. --Plasmarelais (talk) 12:42, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
* He's only 87,5%. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:04, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
Neelix (psytrance music)
How bout the musician Neelix? Should be a ambig. ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:23, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
Voyager absences
Eye of the Needle Emanations Heroes and Demons Non Sequitur Retrospect Renaissance Man Goojrr (talk) 05:52, 4 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Milwaukee Braves
The Milwaukee Braves were a Major League Baseball club that played in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1953 to 1965, having previously played in Boston, Massachusetts, as the Boston Braves. After relocating to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1966 they were renamed the Atlanta Braves. The 13-season tenure in Milwaukee saw varying degrees of success for the franchise, winning the 1957 World Series and the National League pennant in. The team never finished with a losing record.
The Milwaukee franchise played at Milwaukee County Stadium from 1953 to 1965.
Relocation from Boston
Construction began on Milwaukee County Stadium in 1950 in hopes of both luring a Major League baseball team, as well as the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. The minor league Milwaukee Brewers were scheduled to begin play at the start of the 1953 season.
However, in the first move of a Major League team in half a century, on March 18, 1953, the National League approved owner Lou Perini's move of the Boston Braves to Milwaukee 8–0 because of his "fine standing" with the other owners and also because there was an open city for his minor league team then in Milwaukee. The minor league Brewers moved to Toledo, Ohio, and changed their name to the Mudhens. The full AP quote about fine standing: "Warren Giles, National League president, repeated again and again that 'Perini's fine standing with the other club owners was the most important reason for their approval.'"
Milwaukee County gave the Braves a favorable stadium deal. For the first two years, the team would pay only $1,000 a year for the use of Milwaukee County Stadium. For the next three years, the team would pay 5% of ticket prices and concessions. After that, the rent would be negotiated afresh, with the Braves being required to open their books.
1953–1959: World Series and near-successes
Milwaukee went wild over the Braves, who were welcomed as genuine heroes. The Braves finished .590 in their first season in Milwaukee, and drew a then-NL record 1.8 million fans. The success of the team was noted by many owners. Not coincidentally, the Philadelphia Athletics, St. Louis Browns, Brooklyn Dodgers, and New York Giants all relocated over the next five years.
As the 1950s progressed, the reinvigorated Braves became increasingly competitive. Sluggers Eddie Mathews and Hank Aaron drove the offense (they would hit a combined 1,226 home runs as Braves, with 850 of those coming while the franchise was in Milwaukee), while Warren Spahn, Lew Burdette, and Bob Buhl anchored the rotation.
1953
In the inaugural season of the Braves in Milwaukee, the team found success early on. For the latter half of May and most of June, the Braves held a narrow lead in the National League. By the June 15 trade deadline, the team was .670 and 0 games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers, who were only ahead by percentage points, with a record of .670. Their widest lead was on June 23 and 24, 3 games over the Dodgers, though the team would quickly lose their lead just 3 days later and never recovered. The Dodgers went on to outperform the rest of the league as the Braves finished in second, at .590 and 13 games behind.
1954
The sophomore season of the Braves in Milwaukee saw less success than the previous season. Though the team went on a 10-game win streak towards the end of May, they only led the National League for the last week of May, at most 1½ games ahead. Following a losing record in June, the team never recovered, and dropped to 15½ games behind on July 14 and 21. The team would remain in third place for almost the entirety of the remaining season, even when a 9-game win streak put the team only 3½ games behind the eventual World Series winning New York Giants by August 15. The team finished the season .570 and 8 games behind.
1955
The 1955 team saw even less success than the previous season under new general manager John Quinn and new manager Charlie Grimm. By May 28, the team was 10½ games behind, and would never be closer than 10 games behind for the remainder of the season, even though they held second place in the National League from July 7 until the season's end, trailing the eventual World Series winning Brooklyn Dodgers. The team finished the season .550 and 13½ games behind.
1956
Under opening day manager Charlie Grimm, the Braves got off to a mediocre start at .520. After a loss on Saturday, June 16, the owners dismissed him and replaced him with Fred Haney, who led the Braves to a .620 record for the rest of the season, leading for the majority of the season. For the second half of July, all of August, and most of September, the Braves held a small lead in the National League, in a tight race with the Brooklyn Dodgers and Cincinnati Redlegs. Going into the last series of the season, the Braves held a ½ game lead over the Dodgers. In losing the series 1–2 to the St. Louis Cardinals, they choked the season and finished at .590, 1 game behind the Dodgers, who finished at .600.
1957
The first half of the 1957 season saw the Braves in-and-out of first place, mostly between them and the Cincinnati Redlegs and St. Louis Cardinals. August 7 saw the Braves take the first place in the National League, a lead they would hold for the rest of the season, finishing at .610. The team celebrated their first pennant in nine years. Spearheaded by Hank Aaron's MVP season, he led the National League in home runs and RBI. Perhaps the most memorable of his 44 round-trippers that season came on September 23, a two-run walk-off home run that gave the Braves a 4–2 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals and clinched the league championship. The team drew over 2.2 million at home during the regular season, then went on to its first World Series win in over 40 years, defeating the New York Yankees of Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, and Whitey Ford in seven games. Burdette, the Series MVP, threw three complete game victories, giving up only two earned runs, including the seventh game in New York, a 5–0 shutout.
1958
The first half of the 1958 season saw the Braves in-and-out of first place, mostly between them and the newly relocated San Francisco Giants. The Braves would secure first place for the rest of the season from July 30, finishing the season .590, 8 games ahead, securing their second consecutive National League pennant. In the World Series, the Braves jumped out to a three games to one lead in against New York once more, thanks in part to the strength of Warren Spahn's and Lew Burdette's pitching. But the Yankees stormed back to take the last three games, the last two in Milwaukee, in large part to World Series MVP Bob Turley, the winning pitcher in games five and seven.
1959
The season, under new general manager John McHale, saw a tight three-way race between the Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Francisco Giants for the pennant race. The Braves led the National League in May and June, whereas in July and August, the team hovered at its worst, 4½ games behind. The three-way race continued into the last week of September, when the Giants fell off (having led in July and August). By the season's end, both the Braves and Dodgers were tied at .550, resulting in a regular season best-of-three tie-breaker series to determine the winner of the pennant.
Many residents of Chicago and Milwaukee were hoping for a White Sox–Braves World Series, as the cities are only about 75 mi apart along the west shore of Lake Michigan. However, it was not to be. Though consistently behind both the Braves and Giants all season, the Dodgers won the league title with two straight wins against the Braves, ending the Braves' pennant streak at two. The Dodgers would go on to defeat the White Sox in six games in the World Series. The Braves finished their season at .550.
1960–1965: Declining attendance
The next six years were up-and-down for the Braves. The Braves were somewhat mediocre as the 1960s began but fattened up on the expansion New York Mets and Houston Colt .45s (now the American League Astros) starting in 1962.
1960
The season under new manager Chuck Dressen saw the Braves somewhat fall of from the previous season, but for vast majority of the season, the team would place in second or third, always within 8 games behind. The closest the team was to leading was on July 24, when they were at .590 and 0 games ahead of the Pittsburgh Pirates, though were ahead by percentage (the Pirates were at .580). From August 6 on, the Braves were consistently between 5 and 8 games behind and finished the season in second place at .570, 7 games behind the World Series winning Pittsburgh Pirates. Two players threw no-hitters against the Philadelphia Phillies: Lew Burdette on August 18 and Warren Spahn on September 16. Milwaukee's home attendance slipped under 1.5 million for the first time since the move from Boston.
1961
The season saw the Braves hover around fourth and fifth for most of the season. After the June 15 trade deadline, the Braves would be consistently between 6 and 14½ games behind, eventually finishing the season in fourth place, at .530, 10 games behind the Cincinnati Reds. Warren Spahn threw his 300th career victory on August 11 and threw his second no-hitter, this time against the San Francisco Giants on April 28. After the game on September 2, manager Chuck Dressen was replaced by Birdie Tebbetts. The team's home attendance continued its decline; the last season exceeding one million was in 1961.
1962
The season saw the Braves consistently in sixth place from mid-May through mid-September. Before July 22, the team had a negative record, though after this date would have a positive record for the remainder of the season. The team finished the season in fifth at .530, 15½ games behind the San Francisco Giants. Hank Aaron his Milwaukee career high 45 home runs. Attendance fell off significantly below the previous season, falling below 800,000.
1963
The season was the first under the ownership of William Bartholomay and new manager Bobby Bragan. The Braves performed slightly worse than the previous season. After the All-Star break, the Braves were consistently between 7 and 16 games behind, finishing the season in sixth at .510, 15 games behind the World Series winning Los Angeles Dodgers. This would be the only season that the Milwaukee Braves finished "second division", having placed in the lower half of the league. Hank Aaron hit 44 home runs and notched 130 RBI, and Warren Spahn was once again the ace of the staff. There was a slight uptick in attendance, though still below 800,000.
1964
The season saw the Braves slightly improve from the previous season. By the All-Star break, the team was 2 games under .500, in seventh place. For the remainder of the season, the Braves were consistently between 5 and 14½ games behind while consistently in fifth or sixth place. The Braves finished the season in fifth at .540, 5 games behind the World Series winning St. Louis Cardinals. Despite the consistently lower performance to the previous two seasons, attendance saw a large uptick to over 900,000.
1965
After an injunction filed in Wisconsin, blocked the Braves from moving to Atlanta for the season, attendance plummeted to 555,000. The team saw the Braves perform slightly worse than the previous season. However, in the months of June and August, the team was largely in second place behind the Los Angeles Dodgers by only a few games, having led the National League only on August 18 and 20 by only ½ games ahead. Outside these months, the team hovered between fourth and fifth place. The Braves finished the season in fifth at .530, 11 games behind the World Series winning Dodgers.
Relocation to Atlanta
Lou Perini sold the Braves to a Chicago-based group led by William Bartholomay after the 1962 season. The ink had barely dried on the deal when Bartholomay started shopping the Braves to a larger television market. At the same time, the fast-growing city of Atlanta, led by Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., constructed a new $18 million, 52,007–60,606 seat multi-purpose stadium in less than one year, Atlanta Stadium (later on known as Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1976 until 1996 with its demolition in 1997), which was officially opened in 1965 in hopes of luring an existing major league and/or NFL/AFL team.
After the city failed to lure the Kansas City Athletics (who moved to Oakland in 1968), Allen courted the Braves, who announced their intention to move to Atlanta for the 1965 season. However, an injunction filed in Wisconsin forced the Braves to play a lame-duck season in Milwaukee, but the home attendance was less than 560,000. In the interim, Atlanta Stadium played host to the Braves' new Triple-A affiliate, the Atlanta Crackers of the International League. The Braves had bought the Crackers in order to secure the major-league rights to the Atlanta area; in those days, the owner of a minor-league team also owned the major league rights to that city.
The Braves completed the move to Atlanta prior to the 1966 season, and drew over 1.5 million in the new stadium that first year. Before that season, they moved the Crackers to Richmond, Virginia as the Richmond Braves.
Legacy
Following the team's departure from Milwaukee after the 1965 season, the city was quickly considered for expansion, as stated by Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert in May 1966, citing that expansion would occur in "eight to 10 years." However, by 1968, Milwaukee was rejected for expansion due to its close proximity to Chicago.
As early as June 1969, an MLB memo envisaged the newly founded Seattle Pilots of the American League moving to Milwaukee. Concerns for the Pilots' viability led to several attempts to relocate the team to Milwaukee, which lead to Pilots owner Dewey Soriano to try and sell the team. Following failed attempts to sell to former Braves minority owner Bud Selig and several deals involving Westin Hotels head Eddie Carlson, and bankruptcy of the team on March 31—seven days before Opening Day—the team was sold to Selig and the team was moved to Milwaukee as the Milwaukee Brewers. The National League's 32-year hiatus from the city would end in when the Brewers were transferred to the National League due to realignment resulting from the 1998 Major League Baseball expansion.
Notable Milwaukee Braves
* Hank Aaron, a right fielder on the team from 1954 until the team's departure to Atlanta after 1965. He is considered the team's most accomplished player. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 1982.
* Joe Adcock, a first baseman on the team from 1953 to 1962.
* Frank Bolling, a second baseman on the team from 1961 to after the team's 1966 departure to Atlanta.
* Bill Bruton, a center fielder on the team from 1953 to 1960.
* Bob Buhl, a pitcher on the team from 1953 to 1962.
* Lew Burdette, a pitcher on the team from 1953 to 1963.
* Gene Conley, a pitcher on the team from 1954 to 1958.
* Wes Covington, a left fielder on the team from 1956 to 1961.
* Del Crandall, a catcher on the team from before the team's 1953 arrival to Milwaukee to 1963.
* Johnny Logan, a shortstop on the team from before the team's 1953 arrival to Milwaukee to 1961
* Félix Mantilla, a second baseman on the team from 1956 to 1961.
* Eddie Mathews, a third baseman on the team from before the team's 1953 arrival to Milwaukee to after the team's 1966 departure to Atlanta, and is the only such player to have played on the Braves three home cities. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1978.
* Andy Pafko, a right fielder on the team from 1953 to 1959.
* Red Schoendienst, a second baseman on the team from 1957 to 1960. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1989.
* Warren Spahn, a pitcher on the team from before the team's 1953 arrival to 1964. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 1973. The Warren Spahn Award, given annually to the major leagues' best left-handed pitcher, is named in his honor.
* Bobby Thomson, a left fielder on the team from 1954 to 1957.
* Frank Torre, a first baseman on the team from 1956 to 1960.
* Joe Torre, a catcher on the team from 1960 to after the team's 1966 departure to Atlanta. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2014.
* Bob Uecker, a catcher on the team from 1962 to 1963. He was awarded the Ford C. Frick Award in 2003 by the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Uniforms
When the team moved to Milwaukee, their uniforms were largely unchanged. The home uniforms were plain white with thin piping going around the collar and down the middle of shirt. Red script "Braves" was across the chest with navy trim. At various times, there was piping around each sleeve. Piping on the uniform could be red or navy depending on the year. Road uniforms were the same format, but on a gray shirt. | WIKI |
Impedance: Generally speaking, the lower the headphones' electrical impedance (aka resistance), the easier it is to get higher volume. But here again, the low impedance is no guarantee of high volume capability; other factors can still limit loudness potential. Since many MP3 players have feeble power output -- the iPod is a notable exception -- smart shoppers should check the loudness before purchasing any pair of headphones. To be sure, listen with your player.
Sensitivity is a measure of how effectively an earpiece converts an incoming electrical signal into an audible sound. It thus indicates how loud the headphones are for a given electrical drive level. It can be measured in decibels of sound pressure level per milliwatt (dB (SPL)/mW) or decibels of sound pressure level per volt (dB (SPL) / V).[12] Unfortunately, both definitions are widely used, often interchangeably. As the output voltage (but not power) of a headphone amplifier is essentially constant for most common headphones, dB/mW is often more useful if converted into dB/V using Ohm's law:
Mid-range: Many headphones that cost between $50 and $130 include improved sound and useful smartphone integration (like custom EQ controls). In this price range, you’ll also see a big jump in the quality of materials used, which improves both the sound and the luxury of each pair. If you need a pair of well-made headphones with basic noise cancellation, you’ll need to spend at least this much.
I will get to these today. Just imagine the sound you hear is a line stretching left to right, with bass at the left and treble to the right. Now the line is tilted toward the right so the bass is higher (stronger) and the treble lower (weaker). That’s an example of getting darker. It’s not a perfect analogy, since any complex combination of sounds or balance is possible, but in general when something sounds darker you’ll have less influence of the treble.
I will post some comments. If I forget let me know here. My main reason for ordering was the old pads on the 1350 wouldn’t make a good bass seal in colder weather, and Beyer has upgraded the pads on both the 1350 and the T51p, so I’m hoping for a better seal this time. I don’t know of any headphone that size that ‘s as accurate and detailed as those little Tesla models, and the carrycase is icing on the cake.
Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as Bluetooth, DECT or FM radio. The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free. Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones.[3]
Although some headphones available are wired, many more are available that are wireless, and use Bluetooth to enable your music to be heard, even if the stereo or other device is several feet or even a few rooms away. Wired headphones deliver superior sound quality to wireless and Bluetooth because there's no chance of picking up interference from other devices, which sometimes happens with wireless headphones. In addition, wired headphones have no batteries to power them, so there's no chance of interruption should the batteries wear out.
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MAN File Extension - What is it and how to open MAN format - Review
man
Opening MAN files
Have a problem opening a .MAN file? We collect information about file formats and can explain what MAN files are. Additionally we recommend software suitable for opening or converting such files.
What is the .MAN file type?
As a short for "Manual," the .man filename suffix is conventionally associated with manual page (manpage) files on Unix and Unix-like OS'es.
In the Unix tradition, manpages represent an integrated help system, a compendium of concise manual texts on user commands, system administrator tools, configuration files, and all aspects of the system. Invoked by the "man" command on all Unix-style OS'es, manpages represent the classic help system, currently co-existing with the more recent GNU's "info" project.
A .man file is a Unix-style (only LF line-break characters) plaintext file, containing a description of a command or other item. It is formatted, using the traditional "troff" text-formatting tool.
On a GNU/Linux machine, system-wide manpages are usually located in the "/usr/share/man" directory, sorted by languages and packaged into gzip (.gz) archives. The .man suffix itself is often used only for third-party manpage files. Any .man file can be easily opened with a text editor.
Totally unrelated to the above, the .man extension is sometimes erroneously assigned to Windows Installer packages (.msi) downloaded from the Internet, using Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). Certain misconfigured web servers serve .msi files under the "application/x-troff-man" MIME-type, and IE automatically changes the extension of the downloaded file to .man. This is due to a software bug or misconfiguration.
Software to open or convert MAN files
You can open MAN files with the following programs:
WinRAR
WinRAR by win.rar GmbH
7-Zip
VLC media player
VLC media player by VideoLAN
Notepad++
Notepad++ by Notepad++ Team
Popular formats | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:A Study of the Manuscript Troano.djvu/15
Rh second, from this, together with historical evidence. The tribe appears to have been at the time in a peaceable, quiet, and comparatively happy condition, which will carry us back to a time preceding the fall of Mayapan, and before the introduction of Aztec soldiers by the Cocomes.
11th. I think we find conclusive evidence in the work that the Ahau or Katun was a period of 24 years, and the great cycle of 312; also, that the series commenced with a Cauac instead of a Kan year, as has been usually supposed.
Lastly, I add that I think Brasseur was right in supposing that this work originated in that section of the peninsula known as Peten.
CYRUS THOMAS. | WIKI |
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B-ACD Configuration: Setting Up Call-Queue and AA Services
The number of parameters used to configure the call-queue script and for each AA service is pretty daunting. This post is focused specifically on the options required to configure B-ACD & AA on a CUCME router.
Note: If you do not enter the parameters with the proper case and spelling, the scripts will fail.
Note: In Cisco Unified CME 4.2 and later versions, music on hold (MOH) must be configured for services using MOH. If an MOH server is not available, incoming calls disconnect. For configuration information, see "Configuring Music on Hold" in the Cisco Unified CME System Administrator Guide.
For example (simple MoH multicast configuration):
telephony-service
moh music-on-hold.au
multicast moh 239.1.1.1 port 2000
Call-Queue and AA Services Configuration
Note: Command reference details found here.
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. application
4. service [alternate | default] queue-service-name location
5. param number-of-hunt-grps number
6. param aa-huntmenu-number pilot-number
7. param queue-len number
8. param queue-manager-debugs [0 | 1]
9. exit
10. service [alternate | default] aa-service-name location
11. paramspace language-package location url
12. paramspace language-package index number
13. paramspace language-package language language-code
14. param service-name queue-service-name
15. param handoff-string aa-service-name
16. param aa-pilot aa-pilot-number
17. param welcome-prompt audio-filename
18. param number-of-hunt-grps number
19. param menu-timeout number
20. param dial-by-extension-option menu-number
21. param max-extension-length number
22. param drop-through-option menu-number
23. param drop-through-prompt audio-filename
24. param queue-exit-optionoption-number menu-number
25. param queue-exit-extensionoption-number extension-number
26. param queue-overflow-extension extension-number
27. param second-greeting-time seconds
28. param call-retry-timer seconds
29. param max-time-call-retry seconds
30. param max-time-vm-retry number
31. param voice-mail number
32. param send-account [true | false]
Sample B-ACD Configuration
The following example sets up a single AA service, called aa, and a call-queue service, called queue, using the Tcl scripts in flash memory. The service command specifies the location of the scripts. The call flow for this example is as follows:
• Callers dial an AA pilot number, 800 555-0123, to reach this AA service. They are greeted with the prompt that is stored in the audio file called en_bacd_welcome.au. The en prefix of the filename matches the language code in the paramspace language command. The identifier portion of the filename, _bacd_welcome.au, matches the name specified in the param welcome-prompt command.
• Note: The filename within flash will be "en_bacd_welcome.au" - if you specify the "en" prefix within the "welcome-prompt" param, you will experience about 20 seconds of silence after the call is answered and before the AA service continues to the menu portion of the script. This is the result of the script not being able to find the welcome greeting sound file. The prefix will vary depending on the language found within the welcome greeting, specified ultimately by the "paramspace english language en" (or similar) command.
• After the welcome prompt is played, the menu options audio file, en_bacd_options_menu.au, tells callers that they have the following options: "Press 1 if you know your party's extension; press 2 for sales; press 3 for service."
• A caller who dials 2 is connected to the hunt-group pilot number 1111. If all the phones in that hunt group are busy, the call is put into a queue for that hunt group. Up to 15 calls can be held in each queue. While the call is in the queue, it tries again every 15 seconds to reach a phone in the hunt group. The second-greeting message is played to the caller every 60 seconds while the call is in the queue. If the call is unable to connect to a phone in the hunt group after 700 seconds, the retry timer expires. The call is considered unanswerable and it is deleted from the queue.
• After the call leaves the call queue, it is sent to extension 5003, the alternate destination that is specified in the param voice-mail command. If this number is busy, the call tries twice more to connect with it. If the call is still unable to connect after the retries, the call disconnect prompt (en_bacd_disconnect.au) is played and the call is disconnected.
application
service queue flash:app-b-acd-2.1.0.0.tcl
param number-of-hunt-grps 2
param aa-hunt2 1111
param aa-hunt3 1222
param queue-len 15
param queue-manager-debugs 1
!
service aa flash:app-b-acd-aa-2.1.0.0.tcl
paramspace english index 1
paramspace english language en
paramspace english location flash:
param service-name queue
param handoff-string aa
param aa-pilot 8005550123
param welcome-prompt _bacd_welcome.au
param number-of-hunt-grps 2
param dial-by-extension-option 1
param second-greeting-time 60
param call-retry-timer 15
param max-time-call-retry 700
param max-time-vm-retry 2
param voice-mail 5003
!
dial-peer voice 222 voip
service aa
destination-pattern 8005550123
session target ipv4:192.168.1.1
incoming called-number 8005550123
dtmf-relay h245-alphanumeric
codec g711ulaw
no vad
More Information
Cisco Unified CME B-ACD and Tcl Call-Handling Applications
"B-ACD In A Nutshell" from Vik Malhi - highly recommended!!
1 comment: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-1996
Abstract
To identify factors responsible for the down-regulation of mitochondrial biosynthetic processes during anoxia in encysted Artemia franciscana embryos, the effects of oxygen limitation and pH on protein synthesis were investigated in isolated mitochondria. At the optimal pH of 7.5, exposure of mitochondria to anoxia decreases the protein synthesis rate by 79%. Rates were suppressed by a further 10% at pH 6.8, the intracellular pH (pH,) measured under anoxia in vivo. Matrix pH, measured under identical conditions, was 8.43 ± 0.01 at an extramitochondrial pH of 7.9 (mean ± S.E.M. n = 3), 8.05 ± 0.01 at pH 7.5, and 7.10 ± 0.01 at pH 6.8. The matrix pH did not vary (P ≥ 0.20) as a function of oxygen availability during the 1 h assays. Intramitochondrial purine nucleotides varied little as a function of pH. In contrast, after 1 h of protein synthesis under anoxia, ATP levels decreased by up to 40 %, whereas AMP, ADP and GDP concentrations increased, and GTP and GMP concentrations remained relatively constant. The addition of 1 mM ATP at the onset of anoxia maintained the ATP/ADP ratio at the aerobic value, but did not stabilize the GTP/GDP ratio or rescue rates of protein synthesis. Thus, at present, we cannot eliminate the possibility that the decrease in the GTP/GDP ratio during anoxia may contribute to the suppression of protein synthesis. The effect of anoxia was reversible; the rate of protein synthesis upon reoxygenation after a 30 min bout of anoxia was comparable (P = 0.14) with the pre-anoxic rate (193 ± 17 and 174 ± 6 pmol of leucine per mg of protein respectively; mean ± S.E.M., n = 3). The array of mitochondrial translation products did not differ qualitatively as a function of either oxygen availability or pH. Finally, similar pH profiles for protein synthesis were obtained with either [3H]leucine or [3H]histidine (known to use different transporters). Consequently, it is improbable that: the pH-sensitivity of protein synthesis can be explained by a specific protein effect on the import of the radiolabelled amino acid used. In summary, both oxygen limitation and acidic pH suppress rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis and are likely to contribute to the arrest of mitochondrial anabolic processes during anoxia-induced quiescence in A. franciscana embryos.
Publication Source (Journal or Book title)
Biochemical Journal
First Page
207
Last Page
213
COinS
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OMP parallelism over pool of modules
Hi!
I am trying to train bunch of small networks concurrently, which includes calls to torch::jit::Module::forward and subsequent call to torch::autograd::grad on results afterwards. To be more precise, here’s what I am doing:
1. For each worker thread I create a copy of original module by calling Module::clone.
2. Within each worker thread I only use corresponding copy of a module to calculate value and gradient using thread-specific inputs.
3. After value and gradient are calculated, they are used to update state of the model stored separately.
So each OMP worker has its own copy of a module which worker uses to process the payload.
What I noticed is that with the increase of number of workers (amount of payload for each worker remains the same) performance becomes worse, approximately like that:
1 worker(s) - 11s
2 worker(s) - 16s
3 worker(s) - 20.5s
4 worker(s) - 25s
I removed the autograd part in the loop body and it seems that performance issue still persists with approximately same law, so it is not related to some synchronization within gradient calculation, although might be related to graph construction:
1 worker(s) - 3.56s
2 worker(s) - 4.61s
3 worker(s) - 5.91s
4 worker(s) - 7.58s
To avoid potential problems with conflicting parallelization libraries, before starting this test I’ve put torch.set_num_threads(1). The whole test is done in Python, function with omp loop is loaded from pybind extension module.
What bothers me most is that launching these tasks in separate processes does not have such dramatic performance drop. However it is much easier to work with threads.
Why is this happening and what are the workarounds? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
There shall be a Governor for each State:
Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more States.
Article 129, Draft Constitution, 1948
There shall be a Governor for each State.
Draft Article 129 (Article 153) was debated on 30th May 1949. It stipulated that each State would have a Governor.
One member proposed an amendment to mandate that there would be at least one Governor ‘from each of the States in Part I of the First Schedule’. He argued that this was necessary to ensure that all states were adequately represented in government services. Although the principle of adequate representation received support, a member believed that the question should be addressed while discussing the appointment of Governors.
Another member argued that it was unnecessary to have Governors in the first place, and that the Centre should instead have administrative control over the states. He contended that provincial autonomy was only necessary during colonial rule, and symbolized distrust of national government. He received the support of a member who argued that the basis of the semi-federal structure of the Draft Constitution was the Government of India Act, 1935 and was therefore not an indigenous idea. This member further argued that although the Assembly had already adopted this system of governance, the state administrations had proven too unstable and therefore a unitary constitution was the need of the hour. The other members of the Assembly disagreed with these comments as being ‘out of order’ because the broad principles of the Constitution had already been previously decided. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Draft talk:Next Indian general election in Meghalaya
Talk Page
Here Chennai Super Kings Lover (talk) 18:16, 16 July 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
PRECIOUS-Gold drops to one-week low as stronger dollar weighs
(Updates prices, adds detail and quotes) * Gold down 1.3% this week * Palladium set for eighth straight weekly gain * Platinum poised for worst week in two months Sept 27 (Reuters) - Gold slipped to its lowest in a week and was heading for a third weekly fall this month as the dollar hit multi-week highs on Friday, denting bullion's appeal. Spot gold was down 0.7% at $1,495.07 an ounce by 0954 GMT after touching its lowest since Sept. 19. The metal has declined more than 1.3% over the week. U.S. gold futures dipped 0.8% to $1,503.90. "The main reason gold is down is because the U.S. dollar is strengthening to its highest level against the euro in more than two years," said Commerzbank analyst Eugen Weinberg. "However, we have seen massive exchange-traded fund inflows into gold in the past few days. This shows people are buying on dips and we may see further buying with prices now below $1,500 because the outlook for gold is still bullish." The dollar index against a basket of rivals climbed to a three-week peak as heightened risks from political tensions in the United States strengthened its safe-haven appeal. A whistleblower report released on Thursday said that U.S. President Donald Trump abused his position in attempting to solicit Ukraine's interference in the 2020 U.S. election and that the White House tried to "lock down" evidence of his conduct. On the trade front, meanwhile, China's top diplomat said the country is willing to buy more U.S. products and that trade talks wih the United States would yield results. This came after Trump praised Chinese purchases and said that a trade deal could come sooner than people thought. These positive signals on trade lifted European shares, offseting worries over economic growth and rising political risks. "Barring a major shock ... world recession fears that have central banks running around in circles to ease monetary policy provide more than enough reason to expect gold prices to resume their stunning rally of 2019," FXTM analysts said in a note. Bullion has risen more than 17% this year, mainly driven by trade tensions and increasingly dovish monetary policy from central banks. Among other precious metals, silver fell 1.6% to $17.52 an ounce. Platinum eased by 0.4% to $926.09 and was on track for its worst week in nearly two months. Palladium dipped 0.7% to $1,657.03 but the auto-catalyst metal was still set to post an eighth consecutive weekly gain. (Reporting by Brijesh Patel in Bengaluru Editing by David Goodman) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Vancouver Fire Department (Washington)
The Vancouver Fire Department (VFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Vancouver and, by contract to Clark County Fire District 5, in Washington, United States. The VFD's response area is 89.2 sqmi with a population of over 297,400. The VFD has the highest call volume per firefighter in the state. ALS transport (advanced life support, or paramedic-staffed) is provided by AMR, making the VFD's service area population by far the largest in Western Washington without public ALS ambulance service.
History
The Vancouver Fire Department (VFD) was officially founded on January 1, 1867, when an ordinance was passed by the City Council organizing a fire department for the city. The motivation for the formation of the department came in August 1866 when a fire started in a furniture store and, in less than an hour, destroyed eight buildings.
Fire and EMS Response
An engine company is the standard multi-purpose response resource for each VFD first-due zone (station area). Engines carry water, hose, a full complement of emergency medical equipment, as well as a variety of other tools and equipment.
VFD operates 3 truck companies (aka ladder trucks) that are housed alongside engine companies. VFD truck companies carry a full complement of ground ladders and a 100 ft. aerial ladder, along with other structure-fire-specific tools. They are also the primary technical rescue companies, carrying patient extrication equipment, forcible entry equipment, and other special equipment. Current VFD trucks are tractor-drawn aerials (TDAs) and do not carry water. They are the only fully-staffed truck companies (crew of 4 at all times) in all of Clark County.
''June 2024 NOTE- A new KME mid-mount platform apparatus is on order, and is expected to replace the current Truck 10 in 2025. That company will eventually move to the new Station 8.''
VFD engine companies are staffed 24/7 with 3 members minimum, and truck companies are staffed with 4 members minimum. Each engine company and truck company is supervised by a Captain (who is counted as part of that 3 or 4 person team)
Three 2-person ALS Squad companies are now in service at Stations 1, 2 and 6. These are light, fast, multi-purpose companies staffed in addition to (independent of) the other companies housed with them: They are Type 6 wildland engines that also carry ALS medical gear. One of the results of Proposition 2's funding increase, they are intended to improve response times and reduce wear-and-tear on the larger and heavier engines with which they share quarters. All VFD engine companies, squads and truck companies are staffed at the Advanced Life Support (ALS, or paramedic) level at all times. Every firefighter, Captain and Battalion Chief is certified to either the EMT-Basic or EMT-Paramedic level. The department's daily minimum on-duty staffing is 53, including 2 BCs. More than 62% of the department's annual call volume is EMS-related. Because of the geographic distribution of VFD fire stations (usually affording far quicker response times than AMR), the fire companies provide primary ALS treatment until the AMR transport ambulance arrives.
All staffed VFD companies (and most of the other fire companies in Clark County) are dispatched via AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location), a GPS-based feature of the regional computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system. The closest company(s) of a CAD-recommended type is automatically sent to an incident, regardless of jurisdiction. (CRESA 911 is the PSAP and dispatch agency for the VFD, the remainder of Clark County, and portions of Cowlitz and Skamania Counties)
Vancouver's heavy rescue, hazardous materials, fire boat, rehab and air units, as well as all water tenders and brush engines, are not normally staffed. They can be cross-staffed by their co-housed engine or truck crew when needed. (Exception- Fireboat 1 is housed on the Columbia River, several miles distant from Engine 3, the company that responds to staff it) The combined City of Vancouver/Fire District 5 response area is split into two geographic battalions (Battalion 1: East, Battalion 2: West). Each battalion is managed by a Battalion Chief (BC) working the same 4-platoon schedule as Firefighters and Captains. At present, each BC supervises 5 or 6 stations and their respective companies.
A Battalion Chief (BC) serves as the incident commander (IC) for all complex, multi-company operations. Both BCs respond to every structure fire incident to fill IC and other roles. A BC also normally responds with Vancouver companies that are dispatched to complex incidents outside of the VFD response area. They provide additional command staff assistance at those incidents.
For very large incidents, the VFD can request the Vancouver Police Department (VPD) mobile command post vehicle. VPD's acquisition of this asset allowed the VFD to discontinue maintenance and operation of its own command post unit.
In addition to their regular duties, at least one Training Captain responds to structure fires and other complex scenes to serve as the Incident Safety Officer (ISO).
Specialty Teams
Technical Rescue: Heavy Rescue 5 and a Clark Co. FD 6 multi-purpose vehicle (TRT 61) make up the Clark County Technical Rescue Team fleet. The team is composed of members from both departments, as well as from other agencies within Clark County. HR5 can be cross-staffed by members of E5 and/or T5 (when available) for initial deployment. This team is a regional asset.
Hazardous Materials: Engine 10 serves as the on-duty HazMat company for emergency consultation (in addition to its normal fire/EMS duties). The special-purpose HazMat 10 and Foam 10 are not staffed, but are usually part of a team deployment. The team must be assembled for a full mobilization, with most members coming from home (paged off-duty). This can take 1 hour or more. This team is a regional asset.
Fireboat
In May 2014, the VFD launched the Discovery, a 46 ft quick response fireboat. This vessel was specially designed for all-season fire and rescue duty on the Columbia River. It can operate in very shallow water, and can beach itself like a landing craft when necessary. The fireboat was paid for through a port security grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Normally FEMA matches funds raised locally on a three to one basis, but, in Vancouver's case, FEMA waived the requirement for a local contribution to the capital costs, and paid the entire $1.6 million costs itself.
Labor Groups
Firefighters, Captains, Battalion Chiefs and Division Chiefs are represented by "Vancouver Firefighters Local 452" of the International Association of Firefighters.
Fire Prevention personnel (all are non-sworn civilians) are currently represented by the “Vancouver Fire Department Guild.”
Museum
The Vancouver Fire Department Museum lost its facility in the late 1990s. Most of the museum's historic artifacts, including apparatus, are in storage. However, the public may view a 1925 Seagrave engine and some equipment in a view-from-outside museum display at Fire Station 10. No entry to the display area interior is allowed- please do not disturb the on-duty crew. The VFD has two other fully restored apparatus; a 1934 Seagrave engine, and the VFD's original Hunneman hand pumper. None of Vancouver's steam fire engines remain in the department's possession.
Pipe Band
The "Vancouver Firefighters Pipes and Drums" band was formed in 2009. It is sponsored by IAFF Local 452, but raises operational funding through donations. The band receives no fire department funding or support. The band's core purpose is to honor fallen firefighters and other public servants at memorials and other events. The band is regional in nature, with members from Vancouver FD, Clark Co. Fire District 6, Chehalis FD and Olympia FD. Membership is open to active duty and retired members of the region's fire and law enforcement agencies. June 2024 NOTE: Status of the band remains "inactive" since onset of the pandemic. | WIKI |
User:AhSureTisHimself/sandbox
Timothy Stanislaus Broderick (1893-1962) was an Irish mathematician whose career was spent at Trinity College Dublin. From 1926 to 1944 he was Donegall Lecturer of Mathematics, and from 1944 to 1962 he was Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics. | WIKI |
Year of Award
9-12-2016
Degree Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department
Department of Chemistry.
Principal Supervisor
Wong, Raymond Wai Yeung
Keywords
Iridium;Light emitting diodes;Luminescence;Platinum.
Language
English
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology has found multitudinous applications in the development of solid-state lighting, flat-panel displays and flexible screens. Nowadays, the phosphorescent OLEDs based on metallophosphors can reach sufficiently high efficiencies for practical application. Recently, red, green and blue (RGB) platforms of highly efficient phosphorescent emitters have been achieved and OLEDs TV is now commercialized in the marketplace. However, the design and synthesis of innovative emitter materials play an important role in commercialization of the OLED technology. The basic concept of OLED is herein discussed in chapter 1 putting main focus on phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes. In chapter 2, a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing 2-(4-benzylphenyl)pyridine have been synthesized and different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were attached on the pyridyl ring in the ligand. The device D6 doped with 8 wt% B4 gave the excellent OLED performance with a peak of external quantum efficiency (ext) of 21.4%, power efficiency (P) of 51 lm/W and current efficiencyL) of 76.3 cd/A, which is much higher than that of commercial available fac-Ir(ppy)3 under the same operation condition. These findings draw our attention to the fact that a weak electron-donating benzyl group could alleviate intermolecular aggregation in the solid state, thus improving the device performance. The bulky moiety introduced on 2-phenylpyridine through a CH2 spacer in the ligands could suppress the triplet-triplet annihilation in their metal complexes. Cylcometalating ligands and their respective metal complexes have been fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption inoization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. In chapter 3, a series of thiazole-based iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. It is considered that the thiazole moiety is infrequently used for organic semiconducting materials. To have a better understanding on this functional unit, different hole-transporting groups (eg, carbazole or fluorene) are attached to the thiazole ring in the cyclometalating ligands in order to tune the HOMO and LUMO levels of the complexes. Device D29 doped with 8 wt% T2 gave the highest L of 35.8 cd/A and ext of 11.1%. This result implied that thiazole moiety is an alternative option to afford a new class of cyclometalating ligands for OLED research. In chapter 4, a series of cationic iridium(III) complexes bearing diimine ligand have been synthesized and characterized. The diimine ligands were decorated with the sterically bulky groups. As self-aggregation could deteriorate the device efficiency, this molecular design strategy can diminish the aggregation-caused quenching problems, which has been supported by the aggregation-induced emission enhancement present in complexes E2 and E3. In Chapter 5, a series of bis-tridentate iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Our challenging is to design two types of tridentate chelates (ie. monoanionic and dianionic ligands) for balancing the charge on the metal center. Besides, these chelates should be a good cyclometallate to coordinate with the iridium metal. Four compounds with different dianionic tridentate chelates were designed to achieve distinct color emission. Compound K4 exhibited extremely high quantum yield of 85.5%. This finding revealed that the metal complex featuring two tridentate chelates is a promising phosphorescent dye in OLED. Lastly, the concluding remarks and the experimental details of all the compounds in the previous chapters were included in Chapters 6 and 7.
Comments
Principal supervisor: Prof. Wong Wai Yeung, Raymond. ; Thesis submitted to the Department of Chemistry. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 2015
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references.
Copyright
The author retains all rights to this work. The author has signed an agreement granting HKBU a non-exclusive license to archive and distribute their thesis.
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Why Nikola and The Trade Desk Are Giving the Nasdaq a Boost
For growth-oriented investors, the Nasdaq Composite (NASDAQINDEX: ^IXIC) has been the place to be for years now. After sharp gains throughout the 2010s and even in the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nasdaq suffered the most during the bear market in 2022. However, it's back with a vengeance so far in 2023, and it was up more than 1% by early Thursday afternoon, adding to its recent gains.
Among winning stocks in the Nasdaq, Nikola (NASDAQ: NKLA) and The Trade Desk (NASDAQ: TTD) stood out. Both are in very different phases of their business life cycles and face very different challenges, but both got a much-needed boost in their share prices on optimism that they can find more success.
Nikola deal inspires hope
Shares of Nikola soared 45% early afternoon on Thursday. The electric vehicle maker has investors excited about its latest initiative, even though some fear that it might come too late to make a big difference for shareholders.
Nikola announced Thursday morning that it had entered into a hydrogen supply agreement with hydrogen provider BayoTech. Under the terms of the deal, Nikola will obtain a reliable supply of hydrogen to help fuel the fleets of buyers of its zero-emission commercial fuel cell electric vehicles. Specifically, Nikola will acquire up to 10 of BayoTech's HyFill transport trailers to facilitate vehicle fueling, while BayoTech will purchase as many as 50 of Nikola's Class 8 hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles to help pull its transport trailers to where they're needed. The first dozen of BayoTech's purchased Nikola trucks will get delivered sometime in 2023 or 2024, with the remainder coming over the next five years.
The news comes just after Nikola had released second-quarter production and delivery figures that also lifted shareholders' spirits. The company showed some signs that it will be able to ramp up its capacity over time and that demand could remain strong.
Even with the gain, Nikola stock remains far below its best levels of the past several years. It'll take a lot to restore the EV company's reputation, but deals like today's will be essential to show Nikola's viability as a business.
The Trade Desk will join the Nasdaq's big leagues
Shares of The Trade Desk climbed 5% Thursday afternoon. The programmatic advertising specialist's stock got a lift due to action from the overseers of a key benchmark of megacap stocks.
In an announcement late Wednesday, the Nasdaq said that it would add The Trade Desk to the list of stocks included in its Nasdaq-100 Index. The move was necessary because the overseers of the index expect to remove Activision Blizzard from the index as a result of its prospective pending acquisition by Microsoft. The Trade Desk stock will also get included in equal-weight versions of the index, as well as a similar index that excludes companies that are considered to be in the technology sector.
Index-related moves tend to have a bigger impact when a company gets added to the S&P 500 index. However, with so many investors following the Nasdaq closely now, The Trade Desk's inclusion in the Nasdaq-100 is a big deal and represents yet another milestone for the company.
If the economy keeps holding up well, then the advertising industry is likely to prosper. That has meant good times for The Trade Desk in the past, and it's likely that the ad company will be able to stay aligned with favorable trends and bend them to its own benefit.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Timeline of Pinellas County, Florida history
Timeline of Pinellas County, Florida history.
900–1842
* 900–16th century Tocobaga live in Tampa Bay area, including Pinellas.
* 1513 – March 27 Ponce de Leon discovers Florida..
* 1515–1519 Spanish explorers visit Pinellas barrier islands while trading with Tocobaga..
* 1528 Spanish explorer Pánfilo de Narváez is believed to have landed somewhere on the Pinellas peninsula..
* 1539 Hernando de Soto, another Spanish explorer, is thought to have explored the Tampa Bay area..
* 1702–1713 Queen Anne's War. Tocobaga virtually annihilated. English raids reach Tampa Bay. Pinellas largely deserted.
* 1739–1748 War of Jenkins' Ear. English mapping expeditions visit Pinellas Peninsula.
* 1757 Spanish expedition renames Tampa Bay "La Bahia de San Fernando", after the Spanish king. Names entrance to Tampa Bay "La Punta de Pinal de Jimenez" (Point of Pines)..
* 1763 Under Treaty of Paris (1763) Spain cedes Florida to England at end of the French and Indian War..
* 1783 Treaty of Paris (1783) ends American Revolutionary War. England cedes Florida to Spain..
* 1817–1818 First Seminole War..
* 1821 Spain cedes Florida to United States..
* 1823 U S Army establishes Fort Brooke (later to become Tampa, Florida.).
* 1834 Hillsborough County is formed, including Pinellas peninsula as West Hillsborough..
* 1835 Odet Phillippe homesteads at or near former site of Tocobaga village in present-day Safety Harbor..
* 1841 Fort Harrison opens on Clear Water Harbor as rest and recreation post for soldiers from Fort Brooke..
* 1835–1842 Second Seminole War.
* 1842 Armed Occupation Act provides for land grants in unsettled parts of Florida..
1843–1906
On September 27, 1848, a strong hurricane struck the West Coast of Florida. It separated the barrier island on the coast and created a waterway known today as John's Pass. John Levique, along with Joseph Silva, was the one who discovered it and named it after himself.
* 1843 Antonio Maximo Hernandez settles on what is now Maximo point in St. Petersburg..
* 1848 Egmont Key lighthouse is built only to be destroyed later that year by the Great Gale, which flooded much of Pinellas..
* 1855 Public school opens on land donated by John Taylor on site of present Clearwater High School..
* 1859 Clear Water Harbor (later Clearwater, Florida) becomes first community on Pinellas. The first post office in Pinellas established there..
* 1861–1865 American Civil War.
* 1868 Anna Germain and John Donaldson are the first African-Americans to settle in lower Pinellas. . Road opens from Yellow Bluff (Ozona, Florida) to Tampa..
* 1869 Organized hunting parties strive to eradicate black bears and Florida panthers that threaten Pinellas cattle industry..
* 1876 "Pinellas Village" obtains first post office in what is now St. Petersburg..
* 1884 Disston City (future Gulfport) plat filed..
* 1885 Pinellas's healthsome climate extolled at American Medical Society convention in New Orleans..
* 1886 First house on Passe-a-Grille Island built..
* 1887 Tarpon Springs became the first incorporated city on the peninsula..
* 1888 St. Petersburg, Florida platted, named in honor of St. Petersburg, Russia, the hometown of Orange Belt Railway owner Peter Demens. Orange Belt Railway reaches Tarpon Springs in January and St. Petersburg in May, bringing rapid growth to the county..
* 1890 Tampa Bay Ice Company begins operations, greatly aiding the local fishing industry..
* 1891 Clearwater incorporates
* 1892 St. Petersburg incorporates..
* 1893 St. Petersburg's first bank organized..
* 1894 Hillsborough Times moves from Clearwater to St. Petersburg and is renamed The St. Petersburg Times..
* 1895 St. Petersburg prohibits cows with bells from wandering within town limits. . Henry B. Plant buys Orange Belt Railroad..
* 1897 Henry Plant opens Belleview Biltmore. . St. Petersburg Electric Light and Power Company, the future Florida Power Corporation, is chartered..
* 1898 Construction begins on Fort De Soto. St. Petersburg High School is founded..
* 1899 Dunedin incorporated.
* 1900 First land-based hotel built on St. Petersburg's gulf beaches..
* 1905 St. Petersburg Reading Room and Library Association founded. . Town of Largo incorporated, becoming the first municipality in Pinellas County to adopt a Council–manager government..
* 1906 Fort Dade constructed on Egmont Key.
1907–1945
* 1907 Pinellas "Declaration of Independence" marks major milestone on the road to creating Pinellas County..
* 1910 Gulfport, Florida incorporated..
* 1910 Tampa and Gulf Coast Railroad extended to Tarpon Springs.
* 1911 St. Petersburg's first high school is built..
* 1912 Pinellas County officially separates from Hillsborough County..
* 1913 Pinellas Park incorporated..
* 1914 Aviation history was made in St. Petersburg as Tony Jannus made the world's first scheduled airline flight with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line from St. Petersburg to Tampa..
* 1914 Tampa and Gulf Coast Railroad extended to St. Petersburg. First SAL train arrives September 22.
* 1916 Morton F. Plant, son of Henry B. Plant, gives $100,000 toward creation of Clearwater's first hospital, which still bears his name. . Oldsmar, Florida incorporated..
* 1917 No fence law illegalizes cattle roaming free..
* 1918 Cattle stampede in St. Petersburg..
* 1921 Real estate boom period begins Pinellas. Severe hurricane causes significant destruction throughout Pinellas County. Creates Hurricane Pass between what are now Caladesi and Honeymoon islands. . Forts Dade and De Soto deactivated..
* 1923 County passes bond issue to build roads and bridges..
* 1924 The Gandy Bridge opens, halving the distance between St. Petersburg and Tampa. The bridge was the longest automobile toll bridge in the world..
* 1925 Palm Harbor named. . St. Petersburg Kennel Club begins greyhound racing at what will become Derby Lane. . Northern watchdog groups warn of impending collapse of Florida real estate market..
* 1926. Real estate boom ends, severely stressing local economy. . Bee Line Ferry begins service between Pinellas and Manatee Counties..
* 1927 American Legion Hospital for Crippled Children is founded..
* 1928 County Commission deputizes Impounding Masters to keep cattle inside county pasture. . R. E. Olds sells holdings in Oldsmar and buys Fort Harrison Hotel..
* 1930 City of St. Petersburg defaults on its bonds, a year after Great Depression begins..
* 1934 The Davis (Courtney Campbell) Causeway connects Clearwater more directly with Tampa.
* 1938 Treasure Island incorporated..
* 1941 World War II begins; population growth in Pinellas slows dramatically..
* 1942 Military begins sending personnel to Pinellas for training..
* 1943 St. Pete Beach incorporated..
* 1945 World War II ended; Pinellas enters a period of rapid growth and development. . Redington Beach incorporated..
1946–present
* 1946 Population boom begins as ex military personnel return as visitors or as residents..
* 1947 Madeira Beach incorporated..
* 1949 Indian Shores incorporated..
* 1951 St. Petersburg Symphony Orchestra performs first concert..
* 1953 North Redington Beach incorporated. 184. WSUN-TV becomes the first TV station to serve Pinellas..
* 1954 Sunshine Skyway Bridge's first span opens linking Pinellas County with Manatee County..
* 1955 Gulf Coast Highway (U. S. Highway 19) opens to St. Petersburg providing a direct route from Pinellas County to Tallahassee, Florida..
* 1956 Redington Shores and Indian Rocks Beach incorporated..
* 1957 Clearwater is the fastest growing U.S. City..
* 1960 The Howard Frankland Bridge provides third link across Tampa Bay..
* 1963 Seaboard Air Line and Atlantic Coast Line railroads gain approval to merge to become the Seaboard Coastline Railroad in 1967..
* 1964 Pinellas becomes the first county in Florida to adopt Commission- Administrator form of government..
* 1965 St. Petersburg Fine Arts Museum opens..
* 1967 American Legion Hospital for Crippled Children is renamed All Children's Hospital..
* 1968 St. Petersburg Symphony Orchestra merges with Tampa Philharmonic to become Florida Gulf Coast Orchestra.
* 1969 Boca Ciega Bay becomes Florida's first aquatic preserve. C. Bette Wimbish becomes first African_American elected to the St. Petersburg City Council..
* 1970 The Central Pinellas Transit Authority provides public transportation to areas north of St. Petersburg..
* 1971 Amtrak takes over railroad passenger service from the Seaboard Coast Line.
* 1971 A second span of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is opened..
* 1972 Judge James Sanderlin becomes the first African-American elected to county-wide office..
* 1973 Community services and facilities are outpaced by a tremendous surge of new growth and development during the early 1970s..
* 1974 Comprehensive Land Use Plan is the first formal countywide attempt to manage growth in Pinellas County. . 200 acre of Egmont Key set aside as national wildlife refuge..
* 1975 Church of Scientology purchases Fort Harrison Hotel. . (Since arriving in Clearwater in 1975, the Church of Scientology has bought 60 properties in Pinellas County under its name: 58 are in the city of Clearwater and 49 are downtown. About 72 percent of those properties are tax exempt for religious uses.)
* 1976 * Hubbard's Marina, named for a longtime Pinellas family that owned the entire marina from the mid-1970s to 2008.
* The Pinellas County Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) replaces the Pinellas County Transportation Authority as a countywide transportation planning organization..
* the Church of Scientology, had purchased two Clearwater landmarks
* 1977 Pinellas County's Heritage Park opens an exhibit of historically significant Pinellas County structures. . Corrine Freeman becomes St. Petersburg's first woman mayor..
* 1978 Egmont Key named to the national register of Historic Places..
* 1980 Portions of the southbound span of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge collapse after being hit by the freighter MV Summit Venture. . County voters approve Home Rule Charter..
A public waterfront, walkway with a boardwalk at Johns Pass.
* 1982 Salvador Dali Museum opens in St. Petersburg..
* 1983 Pinellas County opens its new Resource Recovery Plant..
* 1984 Amtrak discontinues passenger train service in Pinellas. . Countywide bus service is implemented in Pinellas County with the absorption of the St. Petersburg Municipal Transit System into the Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority. . Florida Gulf Coast orchestra becomes The Florida Orchestra..
* 1985 Severe drought results in watering restrictions. . A four-cent local option gas tax is passed by the Board of County Commissioners. Hurricane Elena threatens Florida..
* 1990 First segment of Pinellas Trail opens between Dunedin and Seminole. Former SCL railroad right of way had been purchased in 1983.
* 1993 "No Name Storm" causes $500 million in damage..
* 1998 Devil Rays open in Thunder Dome, renamed Tropicana Field. Calvin Harris becomes first African American County Commissioner..
* 2000 Charter amendment adopted to end annexation wars among municipalities and county.
* 2004 Four hurricanes narrowly miss Pinellas County, causing minor damage.
* Construction of a parking garage at John's Pass.
The Hubbard family has been a major player at John's Pass since Patricia Hubbard's parents, Wilson and Lorraine Hubbard, moved from nearby Pass-a-Grille to John's Pass in the 1970s.
* 2006 Litigation dance between Largo and Pinellas County continues. Court rules Pinellas County acted wrongly in limiting the annexation authority of municipalities.
* 2009 – The Church of Scientology is reopening its lavishly renovated Fort Harrison Hotel after pouring $40 million.
* John's Pass Village filed for bankruptcy As of 2022 is still in the Fishing Boat Charter Business just renting from Jimmy Hart & Ben Mallah paid $17.2 million at an online auction and later in 2021 Menna's Landing condominium building
* 2019 A record in price for a gulfront mansion that was constructed in 2004 set a record in price for Pinellas County. The $250,000,000 real estate investor Ben Mallah paid cash for this $16.5 million waterfront estate. by far the most ever paid for a residential property in the Tampa Bay area. Originally built by Ryan Howard, nicknamed the Big Piece", is an American former professional baseball first baseman. Howard spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2004 to 2016. The house sits on a 2 1/2-acre lot on a private beach and features such amenities as a two-story paneled library, a bowling alley, large wine cellar and a huge pool. Ben and Karla Mallah own this 39,000 square mansion on the Gulf of Mexico. | WIKI |
Constabulary
Constabulary may have several definitions:
* A civil, non-paramilitary (police) force consisting of police officers called constables. This is the usual definition in the United Kingdom, in which all county police forces once bore the title (and some still do). Constables also exist in some U.S. states including Texas and Pennsylvania.
* In English-speaking Canada, the starting rank of all police officers is Constable. The provincial police service of Newfoundland and Labrador is the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. This term reflects the force’s history of having been modelled after the Royal Irish Constabulary. In this case, Constabulary is used in the same sense in which it is used in the UK.
* A large civil police force organised and trained along military lines, which may contain paramilitary elements. This is the usual definition in places outside Great Britain such as the former Royal Irish Constabulary, the former Royal Ulster Constabulary, Royal Newfoundland Constabulary, Jamaica Constabulary Force.
* A military or paramilitary type force consisting of soldiers trained for police duties. Mostly established by the United States in the several countries over which it had protective status e.g. Philippine Constabulary; United States Constabulary in West Germany after World War II. These forces also performed military functions by maintaining "mobile forces" of organised units.
Current UK police services titled "constabulary"
* Avon and Somerset Constabulary
* Belfast International Airport Constabulary
* Cambridgeshire Constabulary
* Cheshire Constabulary
* Civil Nuclear Constabulary
* Derbyshire Constabulary
* Durham Constabulary
* Gloucestershire Constabulary
* Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary
* Hampstead Heath Constabulary
* Havering Parks Constabulary
* Hertfordshire Constabulary
* Kew Constabulary
* Lancashire Constabulary
* Norfolk Constabulary
* Suffolk Constabulary
Current constabularies in the Netherlands
* Royal Marechaussee
* Dienst Speciale Interventies
* Brigade Speciale Beveiligingsopdrachten
Historic constabularies
* Philippines
* Philippine Constabulary – created in 1901 by the American colonial administration. It was demilitarised and merged with the Integrated National Police in 1991 to form the Philippine National Police.
* Ireland
* Royal Irish Constabulary – The United Kingdom's paramilitary police force in Ireland from 1822–1922.
* Northern Ireland
* Royal Ulster Constabulary – The United Kingdom's police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 – 2001 when it was reformed as the Police Service of Northern Ireland.
* Ulster Special Constabulary – a reserve police force from 1920 until it was disbanded in 1970.
* Free City of Danzig
* Free City of Danzig Police – The law enforcement agency of the semi-autonomous Free City of Danzig from 1919 - 1945.
* United States
* United States Constabulary – United States Army military gendarmerie force. From 1946 to 1952, in the aftermath of World War II, it acted as an occupation and security force in the U.S. Occupation Zone of West Germany and Austria.
* Pennsylvania State Constables – an elected office held in all Pennsylvania townships, boroughs, and cities except Philadelphia; unrelated to the Pennsylvania State Police
* Malaysia
* North Borneo Constabulary – The paramilitary police force of North Borneo from 1800s to 1963 where it was officially incorporated into Royal Malaysia Police shortly after the formation of Malaysia.
* Sarawak Constabulary – The paramilitary police force of Kingdom of Sarawak from 1800s to 1963 where it was officially incorporated into Royal Malaysia Police shortly after the formation of Malaysia.
* South Africa
* South African Constabulary – The paramilitary gendarmerie force raised by the British Army to police captured areas of the two former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State during the Second Boer War from 1900 to 1908. | WIKI |
Worm Breeder's Gazette 8(3): 49
These abstracts should not be cited in bibliographies. Material contained herein should be treated as personal communication and should be cited as such only with the consent of the author.
ced-4(III), a Second Gene Involved in the Initiation of Programmed Cell Death
H. Ellis, C. Desai, R. Horvitz
We have previously shown that the wild-type function of ced-3 IV is
required for the initiation of programmed cell deaths. We have now
identified a second gene, ced-4 III, that also is required for the
initiation of programmed cell deaths. ced-4(n1162) was isolated as a
suppressor of the egg-laying defect of egl-1(n1084) hermaphrodites. (
egl-1 hermaphrodites are egg-laying defective because the HSN neurons,
which are required for normal egg-laying, die during embryonic
development.) ced-4; odites, like ced-3;
odites, have HSNs and lay eggs normally.
From our preliminary observations the phenotype of ced-4 animals
appears very similar to that of ced-3 animals. However, ced-4 maps on
LGIII between unc-79 and dpy-17 and complements ced-3 mutations. Like
ced-3 animals, ced-4 animals are missing cell deaths, have an extra
dopaminergic neuron in each postdeirid, and an extra NSM on each side
of the pharynx; like ced-3 hermaphrodites, ced-4 hermaphrodites have
neurons that appear by their positions and morphologies to be
indistinguishable from the normally male-specific cephalic companions.
Animals of genotype ced-4(n1162); 7) appear
equivalent in phenotype to either mutant alone. So far we have found
ced-4(n1162) to differ from ced-3 mutations in only one respect:
whereas ced-3 mutations are semidominant suppressors of the egg-laying
defect of egl-1 heterozygotes, ced-4/+; are
not suppressed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Generate speech from text
Generate voice clips up to 300 characters.
Login to generate voice clips up to 1000 characters.
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What is
Spik.AI ?
Spik.AI allows you to generate realistic sounding audio from text. We use a mix of machine learning algorithms to bring you the best voice generation technology.
Spik.AI is a free app, produced by Oveit, a company focused on bringing cutting edge technology to closed loop payments.
As a non registered user you can generate files from text up to 300 characters. Login to generate longer audio files, up to 1000 characters.
Coming soon
Voice transcript
Easily generate transcripts from audio recordings.
Just upload the audio file, press a button and get a full transcript of voices in the audio file.
Enter your email below to find out when we launch this feature:
How to use SSML to generate
great voice clips
It doesn't matter if you are developing a voice chatbot or if you are using a cool text-to-speech app like Speak.ai. It's crucial that the final result does not sound like just words thrown together. Voice and tone are more important than words. Or, to put it this way, the tone, pauses, and speech tempo will help your words make an impact.
And if we agree that not just what you say matters, but also how you say it, it's obvious why SSML has become a thing. Here’s a list of 4 Markups that will help you give a human touch to your computer-generated voice. To help you better connect to the client, friend, partner, or web surfer that interacts with your work.
The power of a simple pause
We all know a great story-teller. A person that has the power to use words that simply lift us from the chair and put us into the middle of the action. A person that right before the peak of the story makes a pause that makes want to shout "and then what happened?" Because you know that something important is about to happen.
Yes, used right, speech pauses have the power of letting you know that something important is about to be mentioned. Is very common for great public speakers and one of the most efficient ways of communicating the importance of what is going to be said next.
SSML allows us to use this technique in the computer-generated speech by using the element, that has time and strength attributes.
Here’s an example:
See more: https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis/#S3.2.3
Make it tuneful
We can use technology to generate the voice, but the last thing we want is to have an impersonal result. A monotone voice will make audiences lose interest (or fall asleep) and will make no impact whatsoever. This is why we as humans, use tone, pitch, and speed to add more meaning to our words.
Ex: have you noticed how we use our voice to add questions mark? We raise the pitch toward the end of the sentence.
SSML has the <prosody> element, that allows you to change the pitch, rate, and volume of the speech. Use the attributes and change the speed of speech, the importance of critical words and the tone of the voice. It adds emphasis.
Here’s an example:
See more: https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/#S3.2.4
P.S.: A simpler way is to use the <emphasis> attribute, with its 4 levels:
<speak>
<emphasis level="reduced">
I believe in the right of the people to rule.
</emphasis>
</speak>
<speak>
<emphasis level="moderate">
I believe in the right of the people to rule.
</emphasis>
</speak>
<speak>
<emphasis level="strong">
I believe in the right of the people to rule.
</emphasis>
</speak>
See more: https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis/#S3.2.2
Say it as it sounds
If I would have to choose one SSML element to take on a remote island that would surely be <say-as> . Why? Because it has the interpret-as attribute (no, that's not cheating, the attribute is part of the element) that tell the voice generator how to interpret your input. So you can enter a number and tell the generator if you want to be spoken as cardinal, ordinal or even as a telephone number. It works for date and time as well. Even for fractions. I tell you, you will love the <say-as> element. And it's not difficult at all to use it.
<speak>
<say-as interpret-as="date" format="dmy" detail="2">
10-9-1901
</say-as>
</speak>
<speak>
<say-as interpret-as="fraction">3+1/2</say-as>
<say-as interpret-as="fraction">15+1/3</say-as>
</speak>
See more: https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis/#S3.1.9
Hope this helps you recognize the power of SSML. We live in a world where machines are able to engage and talk to humans, but also in a world that has not yet lost its feelings. Using the above examples you can use a text-to-speech app or develop a chatbot and still keep the passion alive. Because in the end, this is what keeps us going. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Trump and the GOP are making Republican brand toxic for a generation
Julian Zelizer is a history and public affairs professor at Princeton University and the editor of "The Presidency of Barack Obama: A First Historical Assessment," a new book that Princeton University Press plans to publish this March. He's also the co-host of the "Politics & Polls" podcast. Follow him on Twitter: @julianzelizer. The opinions expressed in this commentary are his own. (CNN)What's good for Donald Trump might not be good for the GOP, and the evidence of the growing risks become clearer by the day. As the nation watched the President respond to the horrific shooting in Florida, with the commander in chief doing almost everything possible to direct the conversation away from gun control and toward mental health, it was reminded of just how far to the right stands the Republican Party of Trump. The only voice of real leadership came from former President Obama, the titular head of the Democratic Party, who reminded us that "we are not powerless" to curtail this violence. "Common-sense" gun laws, he argued, were "long overdue." Meanwhile, the head of the Republican Party sounded a different note. None of President Trump's conservatism should come as a surprise. Trump made a bet in 2016 that by playing to the most hardline elements of his party -- the anti-immigration activists, the conservative evangelicals, the NRA aficionados, the climate change skeptics and the deregulatory zealots -- he could win. His instinct was that the Republican Party had moved so far to the right during the past two decades that all Republicans would be willing to remain loyal to the party no matter how extreme his arguments sounded to the general electorate. Republicans like Jeb Bush were out of touch with the party they helped build. Trump was spot on. With a booming economy behind him, there is evidence that he might be able to govern this way. His recent rebound in the polls and his series of legislative wins has sent some Democrats scrambling to rethink their "everyone must not like him" strategy. But if we step back and look at the long term, the GOP might be in the process of marginalizing itself. Each time that the President stands as the voice of a reactionary Republican Party -- the party of the white male backlash -- and Republican leaders do nothing to stop him other than wince and whine, the party moves farther away from the goal of creating a durable political coalition. Almost every time that President Trump confronts an issue, he leans to the right. With immigration, Congress is dealing with a crisis of President Trump's own making. It was the President who decided to dismantle DACA, the Dreamers program, leaving the lives of hundreds of thousands of children whose only crime was to be born into the families of undocumented immigrants hanging in the balance. Now, Congress has little more than a week to fix what he did. But in exchange for his agreement, he is insisting on draconian anti-immigration measures that include heightened border patrols, America's version of the Berlin Wall, undoing much of Lyndon Johnson's 1965 immigration reforms and toughened deportation policies. In doing so, he is championing the anti-immigration wing of the party, which has been expanding in strength since the 1990s, resisting any effort, whether from a Republican President like George W. Bush or a Democratic President like Obama, to pass immigration reform that would include a path to citizenship. When a bipartisan coalition put forth legislation that met the President more than half way, he said no. President Trump has legitimated these anti-immigrant voices as being the face of Republican Party politics. Given the strength of immigrant populations throughout the country and the way in which those immigrants are woven into the fabric of suburbs, exurbs, and cities all over America, the Republicans might really be paying the price at the ballot box in years to come. As the #metoo movement put issues of gender rights front and center on the national landscape, President Trump's general response has been hesitation or downright opposition. Other than the case of Sen. Al Franken, a top Democratic senator who some wanted as a presidential candidate in 2020, Trump has nothing to say. Indeed, his tin-ear response about the news of White House staff secretary Rob Porter's history of domestic abuse allegations, was to take a shot at the #metoo movement. He tweeted: "People's lives are being shattered and destroyed by a mere allegation. Some are true and some are false. Some are old and some are new. There is no recovery for someone falsely accused -- life and career are gone. Is there no such thing any longer as Due Process." That was it until recently when under pressure he explained that he was "totally opposed" to domestic violence. With the head of the Republican Party waffling on these issues amidst the shocking revelations the nation has seen of degrading and abusive behavior by men in power, the party faces steep losses among millions of women voters. And on gun control, the clear political benefits that the GOP accrues from its 2nd Amendment stance makes it challenging to broaden the coalition into areas of the country, such as blue-state suburbs, where moderate voters are turned off by the idea of doing nothing in the face of mass shootings such as last week's tragedy in a Florida high school. The gun-rights fanaticism of the Republican Party is out of touch with a majority of the electorate. Nor was the president alone in his response. Speaker of the House Paul Ryan had the same instinct -- to focus on mental health, not regulating guns. Polls consistently show that voters back stricter gun control measures. Although Democrats have certainly not been angels on this question, with many in their party also singing the tune of the NRA, there has been much more variation -- with supporters like President Obama taking a tougher stand. With each manifestation of our national sickness in accepting loose gun laws in the face of tragedies like these, more voters will be reminded of the costs of sticking to the status quo. Sure, bad things can still happen without guns. But allowing such easy access to these weapons clearly does not help. President Trump has also made clear what the social priorities are for the GOP in 2018. As the Republicans blow up the deficit so that they can have massive corporate tax cuts, the White House is helping enable Ryan's ongoing mission to go after the social safety net. President Trump's proposed budget would cut money for housing, food stamps, Medicaid and more. It is the Great Society in reverse. Even on a traditional Republican issue like law and order, Trumpian Republicans are causing immense damage. This is not all new, either. There have been Republicans who have been consistently skeptical of law enforcement agencies. We saw them when President Clinton was in office, attacking the President for his strong-armed response to white extremist groups and the Oklahoma City bombing. But now, they are out in full force. The President's incessant, full-throated attack on special counsel Robert Mueller, the FBI and intelligence agencies warning the nation about Russia, a discrediting campaign which congressional Republicans have worked with the White House to achieve, pits the GOP against law enforcement. This is an extremely risky move, especially since the FBI remains popular with a majority of the country. Mueller's indictment against 13 Russians for alleged election interference Friday was a stark reminder of the substance behind an investigation that Trump has attacked as "fake news." None of the problems that the Republicans are creating for themselves means automatic victory for the Democrats, who have their own issues and have to prove that they can take advantage of this opportunity. Still, if Democrats can do this, Republicans will pay a steep price for the way in which they have tarnished the party's brand name. Karl Rove's dream of building a governing coalition as grand as what FDR achieved in the 1930s or Reagan in the 1980s will remain just that, a dream. As President Trump solidifies the extremist image of Republicans, they risk losing the support of moderates, independents and even party stalwarts who keep finding it harder to claim proudly that they are card-carrying members of the Grand Old Party. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Duke Decides (1904).djvu/184
on the other side of the line, but the contingent—there would be at least two of them—who had wrecked the engine were probably lurking somewhere near. He could have no assurance that they were not at his very elbow, stealing on him through the dense undergrowth that fringed the fence.
A shout from the guard to the passengers congregated behind the train told him that at least half an hour must elapse before they could be picked up and carried on, and he at once decided that to stay at the spot would be intolerable. He should go mad if he remained at the mercy of invisible adversaries whom he could not hit back. If they would only come out into the open, in a body if they liked, so that he could empty the six chambers of his revolver into them before he went down, he would take his risks gladly; but to stand still in the dark, not knowing how soon a stab in the back would be his fate, was the thing too much. There and then he ended the situation by climbing the fence and plunging into the wood.
He had not taken six steps through the brambles when from the pitch darkness ahead a low, flute-like whistle sounded, to be in- | WIKI |
Edinburgh Napier University
Edinburgh Napier University (Oilthigh Napier Dhùn Èideann) is a public university in Edinburgh, Scotland. Napier Technical College, the predecessor of the university, was founded in 1964, taking its name from 16th-century Scottish mathematician and philosopher John Napier. The technical college was inaugurated as a university in 1992 by Lord Douglas-Hamilton, becoming Napier University. In 2009, the university was renamed Edinburgh Napier University.
The university is based around its three main Edinburgh campuses: Merchiston, Craiglockhart, and Sighthill. It has over 19,500 students, including those on-campus in Scotland and others studying transnational programmes abroad and online. In 2018 this included nearly 9,500 international and EU students, from more than 140 nations worldwide.
History
Napier Technical College was founded in 1964, taking its name from John Napier, who was born in 1550 in the medieval tower house of Merchiston Castle (the site of the university's Merchiston campus). His statue stands in the tower of Merchiston Castle today. An opening ceremony was held on 23 February 1965. In 1966, it was renamed Napier College of Science and Technology. In 1974, it merged with the Sighthill-based Edinburgh College of Commerce to form Napier College of Commerce and Technology, which became a Central Institution in 1985.
The college was renamed Napier Polytechnic in 1986 and in the same year acquired the former Hydropathic hospital buildings at Craiglockhart. In June 1992, the institution officially became Napier University. At a ceremony witnessed by over 700 staff and students, Lord James Douglas Hamilton and the then Principal, William Turmeau, unveiled the new university sign at Merchiston. In 1994, Napier University acquired its Craighouse Campus. In 1996, the university gained a new Faculty of Health Studies through a merger between the Scottish Borders College of Nursing and Lothian College of Health Studies. In February 2009, it became Edinburgh Napier University.
Edinburgh Napier has been awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize twice. Its most recent win came in 2015 when it was recognised for its work in timber engineering, sustainable construction, and wood science. Edinburgh Napier was previously awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize in 2009 when the award was made for 'Innovative housing construction for environmental benefit and quality of life'. This recognised the contribution made by the university's Building Performance Centre towards improving sound insulation between attached dwellings.
The motto of the university, Nisi sapientia frustra (meaning "Without knowledge, [all is] in vain"), echoes the motto of the City of Edinburgh Council, Nisi Dominus frustra (meaning "Without [the] Lord, [all is] in vain"). Edinburgh Napier's Tartan was launched at the same time as the name change in February 2009. Previously, the university used the Clan Napier Tartan; the Chief of Clan Napier welcomed the new university tartan.
Campuses
The university is based around its three main campuses at Merchiston, Craiglockhart and Sighthill.
Sighthill Campus
The Sighthill Campus opened to students in the School of Health & Social Care and the School of Applied Sciences in January 2011. The campus includes a five-storey learning resource centre, 25 specialised teaching rooms including clinical skills laboratories, three IT-enabled lecture theatres and seminar rooms, a clinical skills suite and integrated sports facilities. The campus has been certified as BREEAM Excellent for best practice in sustainable design.
The Sighthill campus is also home to a new sports facility which includes a biomechanics laboratory and an environmental chamber that can recreate high altitude conditions with controllable temperature and humidity levels to simulate varying climatic conditions. In 2016, the gym facilities at Sighthill became home to the SRU Fosroc Scottish Rugby Academy Edinburgh.
Craiglockhart Campus
The Craiglockhart Campus is home to The Business School. It incorporates the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Hospital buildings which were for a time known as Craiglockhart War Hospital, where First World War poets Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon were treated. The Craiglockhart Campus exhibits photography, writing, film and memorabilia to provide a glimpse into the minds of the poets, patients, and medical staff at Craiglockhart. The exhibition also provides a War Poets Collection based on the work of Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen and selected contemporary poets. The exhibition was officially opened on 11 November 2005 by BBC's World Affairs Correspondent, Allan Little. This campus is the home of the law and business courses and is also operates as a conference centre. The Craiglockhart Campus was extensively refurbished and extended in 2004 and contains two lecture theatres, language labs, computing facilities and an extensive library.
Merchiston Campus
The Merchiston Campus is home to the Schools of Art & Creative Industries, and Computing, Engineering & the Built Environment. It is built around the refurbished shell of Merchiston Castle, the family home of John Napier, after whom the university is named. Merchiston Castle is also the ancient seat of Clan Napier. Merchiston Castle is currently a "Category A" listed building in Scotland due to its national significance. The campus also includes the 500-seat, 24-hour Jack Kilby Computing Centre, named after the inventor of integrated circuits and the handheld calculator. Facilities for students include a computer game laboratory, and professional music studios and in 2016, TV presenter and University alumna Lorraine Kelly officially opened a new integrated broadcast journalism newsroom.
Edinburgh Napier Students' Association (ENSA) is located at the Merchiston Campus.
Accommodation
Edinburgh Napier has student accommodation located at three sites across the city: Bainfield in Fountainbridge (opened 2014), Slateford Road (opened 2015) and Orwell Terrace (opened 2016).
Edinburgh Napier also provides assistance to students looking to rent in the private sector.
Organisation and governance
Edinburgh Napier University comprises five specialist schools:
* School of Applied Sciences
* School of Arts & Creative Industries
* Business School
* School of Computing, Engineering & the Built Environment
* School of Health & Social Care
Governance
Edinburgh Napier University's principal and vice-chancellor is Professor Andrea Nolan OBE.
The chancellor is Will Whitehorn, who was installed in August 2021. The Edinburgh-born president of industry group UKspace is also a former executive at the Virgin Group, and also holds boardroom roles at The Scottish Gallery Employee Ownership Trust, Scottish Event Campus, Craneware, Good Energy and AAC Clyde Space AB.
Academic profile
Edinburgh Napier offers subjects including engineering, computing, nursing and midwifery, science, business, timber engineering and transport studies. It offers a range of creative courses, including film, graphic design, music, acting, publishing and product design.
Edinburgh Napier University is an internationally award-winning institution that has been twice recognised by the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education (in 2009 and 2015 ) for its work in timber engineering, sustainable construction and wood science.
Screen Academy Scotland is a ScreenSkills-approved training provider and is a collaboration between Edinburgh Napier University and Edinburgh College of Art (eca). Patrons of the academy include Dame Judi Dench and Brian Cox, with Tilda Swinton an ambassador.
Rankings
Edinburgh Napier ranks 401 – 500th in the Times World University rankings. It is also rated five stars for teaching, internationalisation and employability by the QS Stars international university rankings. In the Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2021, Edinburgh Napier was ranked the top modern university in Scotland while the 2020 National Student Survey ranked the institution number one for student satisfaction in Edinburgh. In The Guardian University Guide 2017, the university was ranked top in the UK for adding value to students. This score is calculated by tracking students from enrolment to graduation and compares their final degree award with their qualifications upon entry.
Research and knowledge transfer
Edinburgh Napier has a wide range of research centres and institutes including:
* Institute for Sustainable Construction
* Transport Research Institute
* Centre for Distributed Computing, Networking and Security
* The Mountain Bike Centre of Scotland
* Scottish Centre for the Book
The Scottish Institute for Policing Research (SIPR), a collaboration between Police Scotland, the Scottish Police Authority, and 14 Scottish universities is currently hosted by Edinburgh Napier University.
In September 2018, Edinburgh Napier partnered with Blockpass, a blockchain-based self-sovereign identity protocol, to launch the Blockpass Identity Lab (BIL) - a research lab focused around cryptography and blockchain technology. The lab is intended to lead to the development of various blockchain applications for use in identity solutions.
Transnational education (TNE)
Edinburgh Napier has partnerships to deliver courses with higher education institutions around the world and is the largest UK provider of higher education in Hong Kong. TNE partnerships are currently in place with institutions in:
* China
* Hong Kong
* Sri Lanka
* Singapore
* Switzerland
* Myanmar
The university also has offices in Beijing and Hyderabad.
Student life
Edinburgh Napier University's students' union is Edinburgh Napier Students' Association (ENSA). The main office is located on Merchiston Campus, although the association also has satellite offices on both Craiglockhart and Sighthill campuses.
ENSA is represented by three elected student Co-Presidents. The elected officers for academic year 2023/24 are:
* President (Societies & Community) - Geou Akshil SK
* Co-President (Education & Employability) - Opeyemi Akindehin
* Co-President (Sport & Wellbeing) - Ryan Cairns
Following a student referendum in 2014, the association changed its name from Napier Students' Association (NSA) to Edinburgh Napier Students' Association (ENSA). The ENSA Union Bar is located above the Three Sisters bar in the Cowgate, Edinburgh.
The Students' Association is a fully constituted, independent association providing student representation and a free, confidential academic and welfare advice service, as well as supporting a variety of cultural societies and sports clubs.
The student newspaper, Veritas, is no longer published. It was founded as a tabloid newspaper in 1993 by Neil McIntosh. Past Veritas editors include Craig McGill, Alan 'GtB' Brown, Robin Wynn and Gareth Mackie. Students now receive a monthly newsletter from the students' association via email instead.
As an Edinburgh Napier student, the opportunity is presented to apply for paid employment as a Student Ambassador on a zero-hour contract as long as the student has at least one year left on their degree.
Midwifery Programme
In April 2022, a "Skills Workbook", published by the university's midwifery programme and used to educate students, was leaked to the website Reduxx. The workbook dealt with catheterisation, and told students "while most times the pregnant or birthing person will have female genitalia, you may be caring for a person who has transitioned from male to female and may therefore still have external male genitalia".
In response to the claims made by the university's workbook, Elaine Miller, a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, stated "it is not possible for a male person to get pregnant". Dr. Susan Bewley, Professor Emeritus in Obstetrics and Women's Health at King's College London called the materials "puzzling", and further stated "The writers seem to have left school remarkably ignorant of basic biology, sex, and anatomy".
The University immediately confirmed the materials had been corrected and stated: "Edinburgh Napier University is committed to upholding the professional standards required of us by the NMC, in particular ‘The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates’ (NMC, 2018), and the ‘Standards for pre-registration midwifery programmes’ (NMC, 2019), and wish to be inclusive of all people, including those who identify within the LGBTQ+ communities."
Notable people
• Arts
• Shehzad Afzal, film director and screenwriter
• Kaberi Gain, Bengali author and social activist
• David Hamilton, tenor
• El Mafrex, singer-songwriter
• Chantel O'Brian, Miss Universe Bahamas 2021 and the first Bahamian to place at Miss Universe finishing in the Top 10 at Eilat, Israel
• Media
• Alan Fisher, journalist, senior correspondent at Al Jazeera English
• Amanda Hamilton, broadcaster
• Carol Kirkwood, BBC weather forecaster
• Craig McGill, writer, media analyst and PR consultant
• Neil McIntosh, journalist with The Wall Street Journal
• Catriona Shearer, BBC Reporting Scotland presenter
• Gordon Smart, journalist and show business editor at The Sun
• Jim White, sports news presenter for Sky Sports News and Talk Sport radio
• Politics
• John Andrew Barrett, former Scottish Liberal Democrat MP
• Jayne Baxter, Labour party politician
• Jim Dobbin, English Labour MP
• Tom Harris, former Scottish Labour MP
• Graeme Morrice, former Labour Party MP
• Danielle Rowley, Scottish Labour MP
• Alex Salmond, former First Minister of Scotland and Alba Party MP
• Tavish Scott, Scottish Liberal Democrat MSP
• Sports
• Peter Hoffmann, author, athlete, fencer
• Jamie Mayer, rugby player
• Lynsey Sharp, GB Olympian (800m) finalist
• Kyle Traynor, rugby player
• Bruce Mouat, curler, world silver medallist
• Other
• Paolo Buoni, promoter of Renewable Energy technologies in Europe; Founder of the Renewable Energy Institute
• Moray Callum, Scottish automotive designer
• David Eustace, photographer and former Chancellor at Edinburgh Napier University
• Neil Poulton, industrial designer
• Lisa-Marie Tse, nursing scientist and Miss Hong Kong | WIKI |
mlrintermbo: Model-Based Optimization for 'mlr3' Through 'mlrMBO'
The 'mlrMBO' package can ordinarily not be used for optimization within 'mlr3', because of incompatibilities of their respective class systems. 'mlrintermbo' offers a compatibility interface that provides 'mlrMBO' as an 'mlr3tuning' 'Tuner' object, for tuning of machine learning algorithms within 'mlr3', as well as a 'bbotk' 'Optimizer' object for optimization of general objective functions using the 'bbotk' black box optimization framework. The control parameters of 'mlrMBO' are faithfully reproduced as a 'paradox' 'ParamSet'.
Version: 0.5.1-1
Imports: backports, checkmate, data.table, mlr3misc (≥ 0.1.4), paradox, R6, lhs, callr, bbotk, mlr3tuning
Suggests: mlr, ParamHelpers, testthat, rgenoud, DiceKriging, emoa, cmaesr, randomForest, smoof, lgr, mlr3, mlr3learners, mlr3pipelines, mlrMBO, ranger, rpart, mco
Published: 2024-06-07
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.mlrintermbo
Author: Martin Binder [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Martin Binder <developer.mb706 at doublecaret.com>
BugReports: https://github.com/mb706/mlrintermbo/issues
License: LGPL-3
URL: https://github.com/mb706/mlrintermbo
NeedsCompilation: no
Materials: README NEWS
CRAN checks: mlrintermbo results
Documentation:
Reference manual: mlrintermbo.pdf
Downloads:
Package source: mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.zip, r-release: mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.zip, r-oldrel: mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.tgz, r-release (x86_64): mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): mlrintermbo_0.5.1-1.tgz
Old sources: mlrintermbo archive
Linking:
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mlrintermbo to link to this page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Scheduling a DataSync Update Job Using Windows Task Scheduler
Step 1: Open DataSync (https://github.com/socrata/datasync) and enter in the requisite information. Once all the information is loaded, run the job to make sure it works. After the job has run, select “save job” and save the datasync job.
Step 2: Once the datasync job has been saved, copy the command using the “Copy to Clipboard” option.
Step 2b (optional):DataSync stores the credentials, domain, and app token in a local Windows folder. In the case that a separate user schedules the Windows Task, they will need to open DataSync, enter in their credentials, domain, and app token and then close datasync to save their credentials. This must be done before running the datasync job successfully or using it in Windows Task Scheduler.
Step 3: From the Start menu, in the search box, begin to type “Task Scheduler.” It will show up at the top of the list, double click on it to open the task scheduler.
Step 4: On the right hand menu, select “Create Basic Task…” this will create a new windows task that will run datasync.
Step 5: Create the Name and Description for your task.
Step 6: Select the regularity that you want to run the task. Click Next.
Step 7: Refine the recurrence, setting up the start times and recurrence times.
Step 8: Select “Start a program” and click Next
Step 9: Paste (Ctrl + V) the script that you copied from the datasync job into the Program/Script section.
Step 10: A dialog box will appear offering to run it with the arguments. Allow Java to run by clicking "Yes"
Step 11: Review your task and click “Finish
Step 12: To test your windows task, simply select the “Task Scheduler Library
Step 13: Select your newly created task and in the right menu select “Run” The task will run and any errors will show up in the “Last Run Result” column of the top center view box.
*Note: These screenshots were taken using Windows 7 and DataSync version 1.6
VIDEO: Save a DataSync Job and Run from Terminal
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Rare Disease Day: Its Significance & 7 Most Rare Diseases within the World
health conditions and diseases
Men’s Health
Rural packages targeting tobacco use prevention and cessation are useful in addressing both direct exposure through smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke. The University of Mississippi Medical Center’s Center for Telehealthprovides access to specialists and subspecialists to help patients recovering after a stroke. Documents and assets on diabetes, a disease that happens when the body is unable to sufficiently produce or use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar.
Although most oral and genital herpes infections are asymptomatic, symptoms can embrace recurring ulcers and blistering on the infection website. Antiviral drugs are an effective suppressive therapy and can be used to forestall or shorten outbreaks, however usually are not a treatment. Fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome – A multi-system syndrome that develops in some beforehand wholesome patients which are prescribed an oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug.
This year the theme is ‘Research’ and it goals to spotlight the importance of analysis in being able to identify the causes of these ailments, triggers, and treatment to convey aid to the sufferers. While some do no hurt to human well being, there are others that may be lethal. Moreover, genetic elements can even trigger various ailments and most of them nonetheless want in-depth research in order that scientists can provide you with treatment and treatment. Heart disease isn’t solely a standard continual illness in our country but one of many main causes of dying for all adults within the U.S. You can lower your risk of heart disease by watching your weight, exercising frequently, and cutting again unhealthy behaviors corresponding to tobacco and alcohol.
Our Louisville surgeons are renowned surgical pioneers who attempt to improve the care of our sufferers by providing the most recent and most superior surgical patient care whereas in search of to generate new knowledge through groundbreaking analysis. Our Louisville surgery practice’s mission is to enhance the care of our patients by providing the latest and most advanced surgical patient care while we search to generate new knowledge via research. We also present considerate, compassionate care that considers the biology of the illness, in addition to the overall patient. When you or a family member is identified with a medical situation that may require surgical procedure, you desire a caring, certified surgeon. You need a Louisville surgeon with prime-notch training, abilities and experience.
Conditions corresponding to infections, immunizations, wounds triggered because of bodily trauma and failure in the anticoagulation mechanism of the physique often act as “triggers”. The second leading explanation for death in the U.S. is most cancers and, unfortunately, charges proceed to rise. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PRECIOUS-Gold slips as strong dollar, bond rally offset boost from growth woes
* SPDR Gold holdings rise 0.5% on Wednesday * Platinum falls to over 3-month lows (Updates prices) By Sethuraman N R May 30 (Reuters) - Gold prices fell to one-week low on Thursday as bonds rallied and the dollar hovered near a two-year high, offsetting the support for bullion from an increasingly bitter Sino-U.S. trade dispute that rekindled doubts about global economic growth. Spot gold was down 0.3% at $1,275.59 per ounce, as of 0715 GMT, after falling to its lowest since May 23 at $1,274.95. U.S. gold futures edged 0.5% lower to $1,274.70 an ounce. “Investors look like they prefer U.S. Treasuries as a safe haven for now, evident by the inverted U.S yield curve,” Howie Lee, an economist at OCBC Bank, said. “A strong dollar is also likely impeding big players such as China and India from consuming too much (of gold).” The dollar held steady against its key rivals on Thursday as escalating Sino-U.S. trade tensions forced investors into the shelter of safe-haven assets, including government bonds. Against a basket of six major currencies, the dollar was steady at 98.222, hovering within the reach of a two-year high of 98.371 hit a week ago. The index is up more than 2% for the year. Asian stocks tracked Wall Street losses on Thursday as latest exchanges between Beijing and Washington signalled the heightened risk of a prolonged trade war. Provoking trade disputes is “naked economic terrorism”, a senior Chinese diplomat said on Thursday, ramping up the rhetoric against the United States amid a bitter trade war that is not showing any signs of ending soon. Bullion seems to have found a base around $1,270 even though it has failed to break much higher, analysts said. “With bond yields so low and weakening equity markets, gold could find support. As far as the price remains above $1,265-$1,270, gold will rally back to $1,306 and $1,316 levels,” said Nicholas Frappell, global general manager at ABC Bullion. Meanwhile, holdings of SPDR Gold Trust, the world’s largest gold-backed exchange-traded fund, rose 0.5% to 740.86 tonnes on Wednesday. Despite Wednesday’s rise, SPDR gold holdings are down over 6% so far this year. Gold ETF holdings have remained muted in spite of the escalation in Sino-U.S. tensions, suggesting that investors are looking at alternative sources of portfolio hedge, OCBC’s Lee said. Among other precious metals, silver fell 0.1% to $14.40 per ounce. The metal had dropped to $14.25 on Tuesday, its lowest since early December. Platinum rose 0.3% to $793.55 per ounce, after earlier falling to its lowest since Feb. 15 at $785.50. Palladium dropped 0.4% to $1,344 per ounce. (Reporting by Arijit Bose in Bengaluru; Editing by Rashmi Aich and Sherry Jacob-Phillips) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Toxic treatments: Choosing between deafness and death
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (CNN)The terror crept over Khumbulani Shandu. Lying in his hospital bed, he knew that something was very wrong. The world was rapidly closing off to him. He could hear muffled, indistinct sounds coming from doctors at the hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, but he couldn't quite make out what they were saying. Just 14 years old, Khumbulani was rapidly going deaf. "I just couldn't understand the sound. I just couldn't understand. It was the most difficult thing in my life," he said. Then, the sound all but stopped. Khumbulani had contracted tuberculosis from his father at their rural homestead in 2016. But first-line drugs didn't work, and he embarked on a painful and difficult treatment for drug-resistant TB. For months, his doctors prescribed a highly toxic injectable antibiotic called kanamycin along with a cocktail of other drugs to attack Khumbulani's infection. But the injectable that was meant to cure him had made him deaf. A terrible choice Many thousands of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have had to make the horrific choice between potential deafness or death. This level of resistance means the bacteria that cause the infection are resistant to being treated with at least two of the most powerful anti-TB drugs: isoniazid and rifampin. For decades, the World Health Organization has recommended a select range of injectable antibiotics to treat the infection, despite studies showing that up to 60% of patients who receive them lose their hearing. It's a choice that nongovernmental organizations like Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) say they shouldn't have to make. They have been campaigning for several years for the availability of safer drugs. Now, the South African government is taking a stand. Starting this month, it will roll out a newer, less toxic drugs to all patients with drug-resistant TB, moving beyond WHO guidelines, which have yet to endorse use of the drugs. In making the announcement, the South African Department of Health said real world data showed a significant increase in treatment success and far less adverse side affects for patients. "All governments should make it possible that the patients that need this new medicine should access it. It is very important. Globally, the speed of uptake is ridiculously unacceptable. I think we can do better," said Dr. Norbert Ndjeka, the head of South Africa's drug-resistant TB program. A killer of the poor There is no doubt TB is a major public health risk. An infectious disease mostly affecting the lungs, TB can be particularly difficult to treat, and drug-resistant strains are on the increase. South Africa's burden of the airborne disease is particularly high, as a high incidence of HIV has worked hand in glove with drug-resistant TB, weakening immune systems to make people more susceptible. More than 430,000 people were infected with TB in South Africa in 2016, and more than half of them were also HIV-positive. Of the 123,000 deaths from TB, 100,000 also had HIV. "This is a crisis," said Dr. Anja Reuter of Medecins Sans Frontieres, who deals with drug-resistant TB patients every day in the group's clinic in Khayelitsha, near Cape Town. Killing about 1.7 million people each year, TB is one of the globe's biggest threats. But more than 95% of the cases and deaths are in developing countries. "A lot of people who have TB don't have a lot of money to spend on drugs. So it is not a great investment for pharmaceutical companies," Reuter said. Medecins Sans Frontieres wants the toxic injectable agent replaced with drugs like bedaquiline and delaminid, which it believes are far more effective, based on field experience with thousands of patients. The organization's doctors see bedaquiline as a particularly effective substitute for the injectable agents. Developed more than 10 years ago, the drug was approved in 2012 by the US Food and Drug Administration. They welcomed the South African government's announcement, but highlighted the need for them to support health facilities in developing capacity to use bedaquiline and other new drugs, and for manufacturers to reduce the prices they charge in South Africa and globally. TB experts like Ndjeka believe that the long dependency on toxic TB treatment -- slowed by market forces and a lack of political will -- is an example of how so-called diseases of the poor are neglected. But TB drug development, along with other diseases of its kind affecting the poor, is stuck in a catch-22. Clinicians and policy-makers say that drugs won't get approved unless they have gone through substantial trials, but drug companies don't want to pay for development unless they know there is a market. One of the very few phase two trials of bedaquiline had problematic results and is disputed by many in the TB community. But public health officials say the biggest issue is a lack of will. "TB hasn't been prioritized by industry because there is very little incentive. It is not a money-making business for them, and there is very little return on their investment," said Dr. Karin Weyer, the coordinator of WHO's Global TB Programme Unit for Laboratories, Diagnostics and Drug Resistance. "At the WHO, we need to walk a fine line of not prematurely recommending a drug," she said, denying that there has been any delay in drug rollout and instead citing inconclusive trial results for newer drugs. Medecins Sans Frontieres is now leading a global trial of the newer drugs. But definitive results could take years. Some clinicians have argued that new drugs shouldn't be rushed out, because they could cause more resistance in the notoriously adaptable disease. Reuter finds the approach deeply unethical. "We need to respond to the crisis now, the people in front of us now, the people who need good drugs now, whose hearing needs to be preserved now." Finding a voice Another factor pushing faster rollout: Patients have found their voice. In 2010, Phumize Tisile was diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant TB, a form of the disease that is resistant to the four main groups of drugs used to treat it. Combating it can take years and requires further alternative drugs with even more side effects. Tisile had to drop out of college and start the intensive treatment, which included injectable antibiotics. "You take the injection, and then you hope that you are going to get cured. The next thing you know, you wake up, and you are deaf," she said. "It is possibly the worst thing that can happen to any person. "You get a 'sorry,' but sorry isn't good enough." Phumize was cured, but her hopes for the future were extinguished. For five years, she was cut off from the world by her deafness. She started blogging and campaigning for better treatment. She contributed to a manifesto calling for a better life for drug-resistant TB patients. "For every person with DR-TB who signs this manifesto, there is another person who is no longer able to. The demands we make in this manifesto are therefore made in honor of their memory," it reads. Finally, Phumize read about cochlear implants, electronic devices that can help certain people with hearing loss, and raised enough money to get the device. She is now back in college. Turning on to the world Until the government's announcement, South Africa was already giving bedaquiline to patients who started developing hearing side effects at Medecins Sans Frontieres and government clinics -- a move sanctioned by WHO. But for Khumbulani and many others, it was too late. Khumbulani was destined to hear nothing but silence, but an anonymous donor heard his story and stepped in. Cochlear implants are expensive and unrealistic without private health insurance or extensive government backing. In South Africa, only two provinces offer it in the public sector. Far better, clinicians say, to avoid the deafness in the first place. "Every day working in this province in the state system, they see patients with acquired deafness as a side effect of TB treatment," said Dr. Kurt Schlemmer, a surgeon based in Kwa-Zulu Natal. He says hearing aids won't work, because the injectable agents destroy the inner workings of the cochlea. "A hearing aid could make any sounds louder, but Khumbulani wouldn't be able to understand them," he said. During the consultations, he said, Khumbulani didn't communicate at all. Schlemmer installed Khumbulani's cochlear implant a few weeks ago. The implant replaces the tiny hairs in the cochlea that were destroyed by the toxic medicine with electronic signals. Turning the device on for the first time, Schlemmer carefully placed the processor of the implant on the side of Khumbulani's head. "Khumbulani! Khumbulani! Khumbulani!" the audiologist said as she increased the device's volume from her laptop. A realization crossed his face -- it's like Khumbulani's soul is switching on. He immediately started talking and talking. Says his mother, who is in the room, "we have hope now." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
It's all about the answers!
Ask a question
Slow response in Eclipse after upgrading to RTC 4.0.6
0
1
Anders Persson (122) | asked Apr 16 '14, 3:06 a.m.
Hi
After upgrading from RTC 4.0.1 to 4.0.6, our users complain that the UI response in Eclipse has become slower. You can see the problem by clicking around in the Team Artifacts view and opening different sub trees. Sometimes the response is fast, sometimes it takes several seconds to display the proper result. (To some extent, it was always like this with previous releases, but it became a lot worse.)
The source of problem is difficult to pinpoint, since there are so many different components involved (workstation, network, application server, database etc)
We fulfill all system requirements and the systems diagnostics report no problems. The performance health check widget report no issues either.
We have also timed the SCM Load operation which indicates that loading source code is faster in RTC 4.0.6 is actually faster than 4.0.1.
Could it simply be that RTC 4.0.6 is designed to behave differently and that is what users react to?
Anyway, it would be interesting to hear if anyone in the forum has similar experiences?
Kind Regards
Jocke thru Anders
Comments
Millard Ellingsworth commented Apr 18 '14, 5:30 p.m.
FORUM ADMINISTRATOR / JAZZ DEVELOPER
I didn't see this mentioned: What version of Eclipse? Did you update an existing client, get a new Eclipse client, or ?
2 answers
permanent link
Sumant Renukarya (1.1k23339) | answered Apr 16 '14, 6:13 a.m.
Hi Anders
I definitely do not believe the issue is due to the design or the updates in the RTC 4.0.6 Eclipse client that would be the factor for slow response.
I have upgraded to 4.0.6 but do not find similar behavior.
If this behavior was not see before upgrading and seen only after upgrading you might want to raise a PMR with IBM Support to look for the root cause.
Certain questions:
a. Is this specific to Eclipse client and not seen in web?
b. Specific to a project area or all?
c. What is the deployment topology? Where are the users located and the server?
d. Specific actions show slow response or all? If some actions, what are they?
e. What is the time in seconds when normal and time in seconds when slow?
f. What is the frequency of this? See for all users?
permanent link
Anders Persson (122) | answered Apr 17 '14, 3:21 a.m.
Hi Sumant
a. Eclipse only
b. All project areas
c. Single server with jts and ccm on WAS. Separate Oracle-server. User accounts in corporate Active Directory
d. Opening nodes in Team Artifacts can take 3-4 seconds the first time, then it seems to be cached. Opening plans is always slow in Eclipse, but fast in the web UI.
e. When it's fast, immediate response. When slow, 3-4 seconds, sometimes more.
f. All users have reacted to this after the upgrade.
/Anders
Comments
Sumant Renukarya commented Apr 18 '14, 12:32 p.m.
Anders
d. yes, web is the preferred and recommended method for opening plans than Eclipse.
Also, for opening nodes in Team Artifacts the time it takes depends also on the number of team areas that you have. How many you have for a project area, generally? Is it high?
If so, that might be one of the reasons but still doesn't warrant slowness, not seen before upgrade.
Maybe you should raise a PMR with IBM Support and see if they can drive to a logical conclusion?
Your answer
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JustLearn JustLearn - 1 year ago 66
PHP Question
Retrieve value of child key in multidiensional array without knowing parent key
Given this multidimensional array, I'm trying to retrieve the value of one of the child keys:
$movieCast = Array(
'1280741692' => Array(
...
, 'userid' => 62
, 'country_id' => '00002'
...
)
, '1280744592' => Array(
...
, 'userid' => 62
, 'country_id' => '00002'
...
)
)
How can I retrieve the value of
country_id
?
The top-level array key could be anything and the value of
country_id
will always be the same for a specific user. In this example, user #62's
country_id
will always be
00002
.
Answer Source
You have to iterate through the outer array:
foreach ($outer as $inner) {
//do something with $inner["country_id"]
}
Another option is to build an array with the contry_ids (example uses PHP >=5.3 functionality, but that can be worked around easily in earlier versions):
array_map(function ($inner) { return $inner["country_id"]; }, $outer);
EDIT If the ids are all the same, even easier. Do:
$inner = reset($outer); //gives first element (and resets array pointer)
$id = $inner["country_id"];
Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
3 Questions That Smart Investors Have About SNDL Stock
Part of being an intelligent investor is knowing which questions to ask to guide your research process. Sometimes, that could mean asking basic things, like what's the plan to reach profitability? Or, if you're evaluating a diversified and ever-changing company like SNDL, (NASDAQ: SNDL) your inquiries might need to be a bit more creative to yield the most fruitful information.
But it isn't always possible to get all of your questions answered, and that's why smart investors are likely to still be considering a trio of issues before they decide whether to buy shares of SNDL. Let's break down these questions and make a few informed guesses about what the answers to some of them might be.
1. Why rebrand now?
Even if you've been following SNDL for a while, you're probably more familiar with its previous name, Sundial Growers. That name fit the company's vertically integrated cannabis operator identity just fine. And after initiating its SunStream Bancorp cannabis investment division, there still wasn't much to be confused about. Then, after its annual meeting in July, it rebranded itself SNDL, changing its legal name and discarding its prior identity as a cannabis cultivation business.
Management says that the company's diversification into liquor and investments over the last two years justifies the rebrand. Now, SNDL's investor materials and press releases typically place discussion of its liquor businesses ahead of its cannabis operations. And in Q2, it sold 148.6 million Canadian dollars in liquor compared to CA$63.5 million in cannabis at retail, and brought in only CA$11.6 million from cannabis cultivation and production. So at this point, it's more of a liquor company than a cannabis company.
It's perfectly fine for SNDL to rebrand to match its pivot toward a more diversified approach, but the timing is quite confusing, and there isn't much clarity surrounding the anticipated costs. Was it really necessary to announce and implement the new name so abruptly, to the point where many of the mentions of its old name appear to be scrubbed from the internet? Rebuilding SNDL's online presence will take time, and it currently doesn't rank in the top 10 search results for several variations of its own name -- a major problem for its marketing.
Investors aren't likely to get any answers about this question, but if they did, it might well end up being a very unsatisfying "Because that's when we decided to do it," which shouldn't inspire much confidence, to say the least.
2. Is management still pursuing profitable organic growth?
SNDL isn't profitable, and it hasn't been for most of the last three years. To address that issue, it's trying to cut costs and sell more of its most profitable cannabis products, and management has claimed since at least the third quarter of 2021 that reaching sustainable profitability is a priority.
In its Q2 update, SNDL reported major year-over-year growth in its gross margin, earning a record CA$43.1 million in gross profits. The only reason smart investors are likely to be wondering about profitable growth is that CA$33.5 million of those gross profits came from its liquor sales, which are derived from its acquisition of Alcanna. Is growing cannabis revenue profitably and organically still something that SNDL is focusing on, or should shareholders look for more acquisition-driven expansion instead?
Given its recently announced acquisition of The Valens Company, a cannabis cultivator, the issue is all the more muddled. Overall, it seems like the push to grow organically and profitably at the same time is more an aspiration than a reality.
3. Could its meme-stock status come in handy once again?
SNDL had a good run as a meme stock in 2021, with its share price skyrocketing thanks to a plethora of retail investors piling in. That episode helped the company to raise enough capital to launch SunStream Bancorp by issuing new shares at a high price. And in its announcement of the rebranding into SNDL, CEO Zach George stated that "the new SNDL brand better reflects our corporate activities and the undeniable impact that retail investor support has had on our survival." So it sounds like the company's nod to its investor base acknowledges that being a meme stock was quite useful.
But could there be another round of meme-stock mania that drives SNDL's stock sky-high once again? It's certainly possible. The stock's biggest online investor community has more than 70,700 posters, and there are many (somewhat fantastical) discussions of its future share price. Nonetheless, there doesn't seem to be any obvious catalyst in store that would prompt investors to go into a buying frenzy, so the jury is still out for now.
Here's The Marijuana Stock You've Been Waiting For
A little-known Canadian company just unlocked what some experts think could be the key to profiting off the coming marijuana boom.
And make no mistake – it is coming.
Cannabis legalization is sweeping over North America – 19 states plus Washington, D.C., have all legalized recreational marijuana over the last few years, and full legalization came to Canada in October 2018.
And one under-the-radar Canadian company is poised to explode from this coming marijuana revolution.
Because a game-changing deal just went down between the Ontario government and this powerhouse company...and you need to hear this story today if you have even considered investing in pot stocks.
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Alex Carchidi has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends The Valens Company Inc. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York
Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York is an American mutual insurance company. It is headquartered in Binghamton, New York, United States.
The company includes Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, SML Agency Services, Inc. (SAS), Security Administrators, Inc. (SAI), and Archway Technology Services, Inc. (ATS).
History
Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York was originally incorporated as a mutual assessment association under the name Security Mutual Life Association on November 6, 1886 and commenced business on January 3, 1887. On May 31, 1898, the company re-incorporated as Security Mutual Life Insurance Company. It was reorganized on December 28, 1899 as a legal reserve mutual company. Security Mutual Life Insurance Company changed its name to Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York in 1960. The Company is a mutual life insurance company owned by its policyholders, and operates primarily in the Northeast United States.
Bruce Boyea was named president and CEO of Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York in 1996. In 2019, the company elected Kirk Gravely president, while Boyea remained CEO and chairman.
Security Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York is currently licensed in all 50 states, as well as in the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Products
The company sells life insurance, annuities, and accident and health coverage. | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Male bikini-wearing (2nd nomination)
This article should be kept - and allowed to be re-created - IT IS GENUINE!!! --Suzuran2 13:53, 30 January 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Waldershare
Waldershare is a village in the civil parish of Tilmanstone, in the Dover district, in Kent, England, near Dover. It has a church called All Saints Church.
History
The name "Waldershare" means 'District of the forest-dwellers'. Waldershare was recorded in the Domesday Book as Walwalesere. In 1086, the village was in the hundred of Eastry in the ancient Lathe of Eastry. By 1295 the ancient lathe had been merged into the Lathe of St. Augustine. In the 18th century, the noble family of Waldershare were lords of a manor in the parish of Shebbertswell. In 1931 the parish had a population of 109. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Tilmanstone and Ripple. | WIKI |
Beginning Robotics – Resistors
If you have ever taken an electronic gadget apart, you have probably seen these guys:
This is a resistor. From the name you might guess what a resistor does: it resists the flow of electric current. Resistors are kind of like making the electricity squeeze through a narrow opening. An electric heater is a giant resistor. As the electricity tries to flow through it, the electrons all get crowded and rub against each other. This generates heat.
The symbol for a resistor looks like a saw blade:
The amount of resistance that one of these gadgets has is measured in Ohms. If a resistor has a lot of Ohms, it will keep a lot of electricity from flowing. If you unplug a cord from the wall, the air in the room has so much resistance that no electricity will flow.
This is the symbol for Ohms:
It is the Greek letter omega.
A variable resistor is one that can change the amount of resistance it has. This kind of resistor is often connected to a knob that a user can turn to control something. Kind of like a dimmer switch can control how light a lamp is. This is the symbol for a variable resistor:
You often use resistors in circuits when you don’t want the electricity to overpower some device. Almost any electronics project will need resistors of some value.
If you are trying to figure out what the colors mean, see our Resistor Color Code Calculator.
Here are some common electronics components in their natural habitat…
Leave a Reply
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Page:The Book of the Damned (Fort, 1919).djvu/170
164. Also, if she does she represents universal failure to positivize: her ensuing disorders will translate her to the Negative Absolute.
Or Science and some of our cursed hard-shelled data.
One speaks of the tutelarian as if it were something distinct in itself. So one speaks of a tree, a saint, a barrel of pork, the Rocky Mountains. One speaks of missionaries, as if they were positively different, or had identity of their own, or were a species by themselves. To the Intermediatist, everything that seems to have identity is only attempted identity, and every species is continuous with all other species, or that which is called the specific is only emphasis upon some aspect of the general. If there are cats, they're only emphasis upon universal felinity. There is nothing that does not partake of that of which the missionary, or the tutelary, is the special. Every conversation is a conflict of missionaries, each trying to convert the other, to assimilate, or to make the other similar to himself. If no progress be made, mutual repulsion will follow.
If other worlds have ever in the past had relations with this earth, they were attempted positivizations: to extend themselves, by colonies, upon this earth; to convert, or assimilate, indigenous inhabitants of this earth.
Or parent-worlds and their colonies here
Super-Romanimus
Or where the first Romans came from.
It's as good as the Romulus and Remus story.
Super-Israelimus
Or that, despite modern reasoning upon this subject, there was once something that was super-parental or tutelary to early orientals.
Azuria, which was tutelary to the early Britons:
Azuria, whence came the blue Britons, whose descendants gradually diluting, like blueing in a wash-tub, where a faucet's turned on, have been most emphasized of sub-tutelarians, or assimilators ever since.
Worlds that were once tutelarian worlds—before this earth became sole property of one of them—their attempts to convert or assimilate—but then the state that comes to all things in their missionary-frustrations—unacceptance by all stomachs of some things; rejection by all societies of some units; glaciers that sort over and cast out stones Repulsion. Wrath of the baffled missionary. There is no other wrath. All repulsion is reaction to the unassimilable.
So then the wrath of Azuria | WIKI |
Comments:ETA chief arrested in southern France
Thank God they arrested that murder.--KDP3 (talk) 04:39, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
Nice mullet! --SVTCobra 17:19, 18 November 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
PDA
View Full Version : Creation of programming languages
Lurker
08-01-2003, 01:00 PM
How does one create a programming language? Do they simple make up a syntax and create a compiler? How does the compiler make machine code? Thanks for the answers :D !
VirtualAce
08-01-2003, 01:03 PM
Virtually impossible to answer those questions in one post - or one book for that matter. Look those topics up on www.google.com and have at it. There are a ton of sites that talk about this.
Randall Hyde's book also talks about how to build compilers, lexical analyzers, etc. You can get it at cs.webster.edu I think. Damn I always forget that link.
Just look up Randall Hyde's AOA on google and it will pop up.
FillYourBrain
08-01-2003, 01:05 PM
"make up syntax" is a complicated topic but suffice it to say that there are some tests it should pass. Proofs that it'll always work so to speak. This allows a compiler to be written. I hope you aren't on the "I wanna make a compiler" kick. If so, I wish you well :D
EvBladeRunnervE
08-01-2003, 01:23 PM
"I wanna make a compiler"
lol, that is actually one of the projects i have to do my senior year in college for my comp sci major.
codegirl
08-01-2003, 01:56 PM
If you're comp sci major, then I'm sure you'll learn more than you ever wanted to know about such things in a Programming Languages and/or Compilers course.... I know I sure did :P
sean
08-01-2003, 03:39 PM
There's a program on CNet that lets you do this quite easily, but I imagine it's mostly cookie-cutter options type things. I've got a book on assembly that gives you the machine code for all sorts of things. I was going to make a CGI assembler and put it on the web, but I couldn't figure out how to get operands and stuff like that coded in, so I gave up. DOing web programming as a job soon, (like, starting next month - hence the crappy homepage for the time being) I'd love to have something like that, so if anyone solved this problem, like CS majors, please contact me.
VirtualAce
08-02-2003, 06:46 PM
The problem is not getting operands, the problem is the CISC set. It's so complex and the encoding gets very involved. But it can be done via bit patterns and things like cellular automata. I've not attempted it but you basically break expressions down and find commonalities to them. After a few base expressions, you can then recursively search through them to create new complex expressions - since complex expressions are really just multiple base expressions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The House of Mirth (1905).djvu/447
Rh "I'm afraid they have nothing left: Ned's debts have swallowed up everything. They had such hopes, you know, when he broke away from Carry Fisher; they thought Bertha Dorset would be such a good influence, because she doesn't care for cards, and—well, she talked quite beautifully to poor Miss Jane about feeling as if Ned were her younger brother, and wanting to carry him off on the yacht, so that he might have a chance to drop cards and racing, and take up his literary work again."
Miss Farish paused with a sigh which reflected the perplexity of her departing visitor. "But that isn't all; it isn't even the worst. It seems that Ned has quarrelled with the Dorsets; or at least Bertha won't allow him to see her, and he is so unhappy about it that he has taken to gambling again, and going about with all sorts of queer people. And cousin Grace Van Osburgh accuses him of having had a very bad influence on Bertie, who left Harvard last spring, and has been a great deal with Ned ever since. She sent for Miss Jane, and made a dreadful scene; and Jack Stepney and Herbert Melson, who were there too, told Miss Jane that Bertie was threatening to marry some dreadful woman to whom Ned had introduced him, and that they could do nothing with him because now he's of age he has his own money. You can fancy how poor Miss Jane felt—she came to me at once, and seemed to think that if I Rh | WIKI |
Carlos E.M. Wagner
Carlos Wagner is a particle physicist. He specializes in theoretical physics, elementary particles and supersymmetric theories. He currently works for the High Energy Physics (HEP) division of the Argonne National Laboratory and is also a professor at the Physics Department of the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, and the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago. He also functions as the Head of the ANL High Energy Physics Theory Group.
In 2008, he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, a distinct honor signifying recognition by one's professional peers. Wagner earned his fellowship for his contributions to the phenomenology of theories of supersymmetry and of electroweak symmetry breaking.
He is married to Argentine theoretical physicist Marcela Carena. | WIKI |
Portal:Ice hockey/Featured article/1
Joe Sakic is a Canadian professional ice hockey center forward who has played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche franchise. In his 18-year tenure, Sakic has won two Stanley Cups, various NHL trophies and has been voted into 13 NHL All-Star Games. He is regarded as one of the strongest team leaders to ever play in the league, and has been able to motivate his team throughout his entire career to play at a winning level. Over the course of his career, Sakic has been one of the most productive forwards in the game, having twice scored fifty goals and earning at least 100 points in six different seasons. His wrist shot, considered to be one of the best in the NHL, has been the source of much of his production. | WIKI |
Bohemian Society of Sciences
Bohemian Society of Sciences was the first official scientific organization within Bohemia.
History
The Bohemian Society of Sciences was created from the Private Society for Mathematics, Patriotic History and Natural History, the first scientific society within the frontiers of the later Czechoslovakia. This organization was founded in 1772 and published six volumes of its proceedings before becoming the Bohemian Society of Sciences, and then later becoming the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society in 1784. Its members included Masons and Illuminatis, and the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society it later established some ties with the Private Scientific and Patriotic Society of Moravia.
In the early 18th century, the institution began to become, partially due to its usage of both Czech and German languages, which caused it to lose some of the more radical Czech scientists while the creation of the Vienna Academy caused the loss of some of the German-speaking scientists. By 1847, members of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences moved to the Vienna Academy, however, some of the members moved to other academies. Members moving to academies other than the Vienna Academy included: Palacký, Šafařík, Zippe, Presl and Purkyně.
After 1847 the sciences have continued to play a role in the Czech state, continuing through the creation of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was created in 1890 through a decree issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which existed among many other institutions. During World War II, most scientific research was halted due to the Nazi occupation, but was restarted in 1952 with the creation of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, which continues to operate today. | WIKI |
Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
The ovaries are two small oval-shaped organs that sit in the pelvis; they’re part of the women’s reproductive system. Each month the ovaries produce one egg in the middle of the menstrual cycle ready for fertilisation. The ovaries also produce two female sex hormones which are oestrogen and progesterone; they also produce a small amount of testosterone.
As a woman gets older they produce fewer hormones and eventually go into menopause (Usually over the age of 50). After menopause, the ovaries usually shrink and the amount of hormone produced decreases. Hormones help in keeping the immune system healthy and protect the heart, maintain a healthy brain and bones.
Ovarian cancer is the 5th most common cancer in women, affecting over 7,000 women per year in the UK. Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries in early stages and can spread to other areas such as the abdomen, pelvis and other areas of the female reproductive system.
Ovarian Cancer CBD Oil . Cannabis Oil ovarian cancer.
Causes
Although the exact causes of ovarian cancer are still unknown, factors that can put you at higher risk of developing the disease are:
Family History: Having close relatives such as a sister, mother or a daughter who’ve suffered from ovarian cancer puts you at higher risk.
Age: With most cancers, the risk of developing it increases with age. Ovarian cancer is more commonly diagnosed in women over the age of 50.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): HRT can increase the risk of ovarian cancer, although only 1% of ovarian cancer diagnoses show a HRT link as a cause.
Endometriosis: This is a condition where the lining of the womb grows elsewhere in the body. The endometrial continues to grow as if it was in the womb and gets trapped, leading to pain, swelling and bleeding. Women with endometriosis have a high risk of developing ovarian cancer to women who do not have it.
Ovulation: When the ovaries release an egg, the surface of the ovary breaks and will repair itself. Over time this can lead to abnormal cell growth, preventions like the contraceptive pill can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
Inherited Genes: Certain genes such as BRAC1 and BRAC 2 can lead to ovarian cancer and breast cancer.
Fertility treatment/ infertility: Some drugs used to help fertility can increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
Contraceptive: Whereas some contraceptive can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, the coil (IUD- intrauterine device) can increase the risk. This is with long use as short-term use can reduce the risk.
Other Factors: Being Over-weight, height (being taller), smoking can also increase the risk.
Signs and Symptoms
Not all women experience symptoms in early stages of the disease and symptoms can be hard to spot. The symptoms linked below could be due to other conditions, however, if you have more than one symptoms, please visit your doctor.
The most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
• – Bloating that is persistent (swollen tummy)
• – Abdominal pain and persistent pelvic pain
• – Feeling full quickly
• – Nausea
• – Loss of appetite
• – Needing to pass urine more often
• – Urinary urgency
• – Changes in bowel habits
• – Pain during sex
• – Unexplained weight gain or weight loss
• – Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
• – Back Pain
Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women under the age of 40, however, if you’re concerned about the symptoms, be sure to visit the GP.
(NICE) The national institute for health and Excellence has produced guidelines that recommend testing for CA125 (produced in ovarian cells). It’s a simple blood test that may indicate whether or not or have ovarian cancer, although the levels detected in the blood can be a result of another condition.
Read the full guidelines at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg122/resources/guidance-ovarian-cancer-pdf
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Nov 2020
Comparison Testing of the New “Fluorine Free” Firefighting Foams
Water alone is typically not effective in controlling or extinguishing fires involving low flash point ignitable liquids. As a result, foam/water mixtures, utilizing Class B firefighting foams referred to as Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) are often used in both manual and fixed fire protection systems for this hazard. The foams form a film and/or a blanket of bubbles on the surface of ignitable liquid, preventing the fuel vapors and oxygen from interacting and creating a flammable mixture.
Due to environmental concerns, the fire protection foams have changed composition in recent years, due to increasing concerns regarding the environmental and health effects of some of the legacy constituents (i.e., fluorosurfactants). New foam formulations known as Fluorine Free Foams (FFFs or “F3” foams) have been introduced and marketed as environmentally acceptable alternatives for legacy fluorinated foams (often referred to as “C6” or “C8” AFFF foams).
Anecdotal reports of unexpected variability in the performance of the F3 foams resulted in the Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF) facilitating a test program to evaluate the fire protection performance and effectiveness of the F3 foams on fires involving hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels. The objectives of this study were to compare the firefighting capabilities (i.e., control, extinguishment and burn-back times) for four F3 foams and one short chain legacy “C6” AFFF formulation (as a baseline) for a range of test parameters including fuel type, water type and fuel temperature.
The deliverables from the testing were to provide guidance for foam system application standards (e.g., NFPA 11: Standard for Low−, Medium−, and High− Expansion Foam) and to identify any additional research needed to better understand the capabilities and limitations of F3 foams.
Per UL 162, F3 foams falls under the broad category of “Synthetic (S)” Foams. UL 162 defines a “Synthetic” foam as one that has a chemical base other than a fluorinated surfactant or hydrolyzed protein. Since UL 162 was used as the basis of this testing, the test parameters for “Synthetic” foams were used throughout this testing. During the current revision cycle of NFPA 11, a new category of foams was proposed to address these new foam formulations (i.e., SFFF; Synthetic Fluorine Free Foams) thus, the fluorine free foams included in this assessment will likely fall under the “SFFF” category, if adopted by NFPA 11
Firefighting foams are broken down into two main types depending on the type of ignitable liquid being protected; H-AFFF (or H-FFF or H-F3) are for fires involving hydrocarbon fuels and AR-AFFF (or AR-FFF or AR-F3) are “alcohol resistant” foams for use on fires involving alcohol-based fuels.
A total of 162 tests were conducted, utilizing four fuel types: heptane, gasoline, E10 gasoline, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA).
To very briefly summarize the results, the legacy C6 AR-AFFF demonstrated superior firefighting capabilities through the entire test program under all test conditions. The AR-AFFF performed well against all test fuels included in this assessment (IPA, heptane, gasoline and E10 gasoline).
The F3 foams did well against heptane but struggled against the other fuels (IPA, gasoline and E10 gasoline) especially when the foam was discharged with a lower foam quality and/or amount of
aspiration. From an application rate perspective, the F3 foams typically required between 1.5 to 3 times the application rates to produce comparable performance as the legacy AFFF.
When comparing the capabilities of the AR-F3 and H-F3 foams, the H-F3 foams typically demonstrated better capabilities. In general, the needed extinguishment densities for the AR-F3 foams were higher than that of the H-F3 foams.
Due to its properties, legacy AFFF has two separate mechanisms that combine to aid in the extinguishment of an ignitable liquid fire; a surfactant film that forms on the fuel surface and a foam blanket which both serve to seal in the flammable vapors that are burning above the fuel surface resulting in extinguishment.
The F3 foams have only the foam blanket to seal in the vapors. As a result, the capabilities of F3 foams are highly dependent on the characteristics of the foam blanket, which depends on the associated discharge devices as well as the foam type itself.
The test results also show that the legacy fuel (heptane) used to test and approve foams, may not be a good surrogate for all hydrocarbon-based fuels. Specially, some foams struggled against other fuels (like gasoline) as compared to heptane. The report recommended that going forward, the F3 foams be tested and listed for a variety of hydrocarbon fuels (e.g., gasoline, E10, Jet A, etc.), similar to the approach currently used for polar solvent listings. In addition, the amount of aspiration and foam qualities (i.e., expansion and 25% drainage), should be included on the UL listing data sheet(s). Additional research is currently being conducted by other organizations to identify a range of optimal foam properties (which may be manufacturer specific).
Ultimately, end users will need to design and install F3 foams within the listed parameters in order to ensure a high probability of success during an actual event. This applies to the not only to the discharge devices but also to the proportioning systems as well (due to the highly viscous nature of some of the F3 concentrates).
Contact Risk Logic to help determine the best firefighting foam to use at your facility. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Blair–Brown deal
Neither Blair nor Brown have spoken of this, and supposedly no-one else was present - does anyone know the origin of this story?
I like the careful tone of this article, btw.
I'm just interested that the UK media treat this like it were fact, but no-one appears to know the source of it. OK, there's the note, but how does anyone know this pact was sealed specifically at Granita's? Kisch 01:38, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
The popularity of this story is because it fits the British press opinion of politicains : if a politican as important, talented and ambitious as Brown chooses not to stand against Blair and loyally supports him ( despite claimed differences between them ) for all these years from such a strong position ( chanceller ) there must be a very good reason i.e a secret deal that makes it useful for Gordon Brown to wait. The possiblity that Brown is not interested in becoming PM is basically beyond comprehension to most British politicans and journalists. <IP_ADDRESS> 13:34, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
* You're right. We can all see in retrospect that Brown just didn't want the top job. Wereon (talk) 00:34, 24 April 2010 (UTC)
BBC News article
Pretty significant BBC News article about this here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-41890435. This seems to say that Brown has confirmed this deal took place, "Gordon Brown says Tony Blair told him in person before a famous 1994 dinner he would one day hand power to him". This should probably be included, but I don't have any time right now to do so. Seagull123 Φ 19:46, 6 November 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
/* Icecast * * This program is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2. * A copy of this license is included with this source. * * Copyright 2000-2004, Jack Moffitt , * oddsock , * Karl Heyes * and others (see AUTHORS for details). */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include #endif #include #include #include #include "thread/thread.h" #include "httpp/httpp.h" #include "connection.h" #include "refbuf.h" #include "client.h" #include "os.h" #include "cfgfile.h" #include "logging.h" #include "util.h" #ifdef _WIN32 #define snprintf _snprintf #define vsnprintf _vsnprintf #endif /* the global log descriptors */ int errorlog = 0; int accesslog = 0; int playlistlog = 0; #ifdef _WIN32 /* Since strftime's %z option on win32 is different, we need to go through a few loops to get the same info as %z */ int get_clf_time (char *buffer, unsigned len, struct tm *t) { char sign; char *timezone_string; struct tm gmt; time_t time1 = time(NULL); int time_days, time_hours, time_tz; int tempnum1, tempnum2; struct tm *thetime; time_t now; gmtime_r(&time1, &gmt); time_days = t->tm_yday - gmt.tm_yday; if (time_days < -1) { tempnum1 = 24; } else { tempnum1 = 1; } if (tempnum1 < time_days) { tempnum2 = -24; } else { tempnum2 = time_days*24; } time_hours = (tempnum2 + t->tm_hour - gmt.tm_hour); time_tz = time_hours * 60 + t->tm_min - gmt.tm_min; if (time_tz < 0) { sign = '-'; time_tz = -time_tz; } else { sign = '+'; } timezone_string = calloc(1, 7); snprintf(timezone_string, 7, " %c%.2d%.2d", sign, time_tz / 60, time_tz % 60); now = time(NULL); thetime = localtime(&now); strftime (buffer, len-7, "%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S", thetime); strcat(buffer, timezone_string); free(timezone_string); return 1; } #endif /* ** ADDR IDENT USER DATE REQUEST CODE BYTES REFERER AGENT [TIME] ** ** ADDR = client->con->ip ** IDENT = always - , we don't support it because it's useless ** USER = client->username ** DATE = _make_date(client->con->con_time) ** REQUEST = build from client->parser ** CODE = client->respcode ** BYTES = client->con->sent_bytes ** REFERER = get from client->parser ** AGENT = get from client->parser ** TIME = timing_get_time() - client->con->con_time */ void logging_access(client_t *client) { char datebuf[128]; char reqbuf[1024]; struct tm thetime; time_t now; time_t stayed; char *referrer, *user_agent, *username; now = time(NULL); localtime_r (&now, &thetime); /* build the data */ #ifdef _WIN32 memset(datebuf, '\000', sizeof(datebuf)); get_clf_time(datebuf, sizeof(datebuf)-1, &thetime); #else strftime (datebuf, sizeof(datebuf), LOGGING_FORMAT_CLF, &thetime); #endif /* build the request */ snprintf (reqbuf, sizeof(reqbuf), "%s %s %s/%s", httpp_getvar (client->parser, HTTPP_VAR_REQ_TYPE), httpp_getvar (client->parser, HTTPP_VAR_URI), httpp_getvar (client->parser, HTTPP_VAR_PROTOCOL), httpp_getvar (client->parser, HTTPP_VAR_VERSION)); stayed = now - client->con->con_time; if (client->username == NULL) username = "-"; else username = client->username; referrer = httpp_getvar (client->parser, "referer"); if (referrer == NULL) referrer = "-"; user_agent = httpp_getvar (client->parser, "user-agent"); if (user_agent == NULL) user_agent = "-"; log_write_direct (accesslog, "%s - %s [%s] \"%s\" %d " FORMAT_UINT64 " \"%s\" \"%s\" %lu", client->con->ip, username, datebuf, reqbuf, client->respcode, client->con->sent_bytes, referrer, user_agent, (unsigned long)stayed); } /* This function will provide a log of metadata for each mountpoint. The metadata *must* be in UTF-8, and thus you can assume that the log itself is UTF-8 encoded */ void logging_playlist(const char *mount, const char *metadata, long listeners) { char datebuf[128]; struct tm thetime; time_t now; if (playlistlog == -1) { return; } now = time(NULL); localtime_r (&now, &thetime); /* build the data */ #ifdef _WIN32 memset(datebuf, '\000', sizeof(datebuf)); get_clf_time(datebuf, sizeof(datebuf)-1, &thetime); #else strftime (datebuf, sizeof(datebuf), LOGGING_FORMAT_CLF, &thetime); #endif /* This format MAY CHANGE OVER TIME. We are looking into finding a good standard format for this, if you have any ideas, please let us know */ log_write_direct (playlistlog, "%s|%s|%d|%s", datebuf, mount, listeners, metadata); } void log_parse_failure (void *ctx, const char *fmt, ...) { char line [200]; va_list ap; char *eol; va_start (ap, fmt); vsnprintf (line, sizeof (line), fmt, ap); eol = strrchr (line, '\n'); if (eol) *eol='\0'; va_end (ap); log_write (errorlog, 2, (char*)ctx, "", "%s", line); } void restart_logging (ice_config_t *config) { if (strcmp (config->error_log, "-")) { char fn_error[FILENAME_MAX]; snprintf (fn_error, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s%s", config->log_dir, PATH_SEPARATOR, config->error_log); log_set_filename (errorlog, fn_error); log_set_level (errorlog, config->loglevel); log_reopen (errorlog); } if (strcmp (config->access_log, "-")) { char fn_error[FILENAME_MAX]; snprintf (fn_error, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s%s", config->log_dir, PATH_SEPARATOR, config->access_log); log_set_filename (accesslog, fn_error); log_reopen (accesslog); } if (config->playlist_log) { char fn_error[FILENAME_MAX]; snprintf (fn_error, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s%s", config->log_dir, PATH_SEPARATOR, config->playlist_log); log_set_filename (playlistlog, fn_error); log_reopen (playlistlog); } } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tracy Sachtjen
Tracy Sachtjen (, Zeman, born February 20, 1969) is an American curler from Lodi, Wisconsin. She is a former world champion and Olympian.
Curling career
Sachtjen started curling in 1982. By 1987 she had made her first appearance at the U.S. Junior National Championships. Her first appearance at the United States National Championships came in 1993 and in 1997 she won her first gold medal at the event, with her team skipped by Patti Lank. At her first world championships in 1997 in Berne, Switzerland, her team placed sixth. She has competed at eight U.S. National Championships, five World Championships, and two World Junior Championships. She has one gold and one silver medal from World Championship competition.
In February 2009, Sachtjen and her team, skipped by Debbie McCormick won the 2010 US Olympic Trials, earning the right to compete for the United States at the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. (This event also served as the qualifier for the 2009 World Championships.) | WIKI |
Ben Hunte
Ben Hunte (born 18 October 1992) is a British investigative journalist, presenter and Global Correspondent at Vice News. He previously worked for the BBC and was the broadcaster's first LGBT correspondent. He went on to be the BBC's West Africa correspondent.
In May 2022, Hunte was listed on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list.
Early life and education
Hunte was born in London to Caribbean parents. He studied at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus on an all-expenses-paid scholarship, graduating in 2014 with a Bachelor of Science in Neuroscience. During his time there, he became president of the Students' Association and was co-founding editor of the student magazine Ignite.
He later graduated with a Master of Arts in Broadcast Journalism from City, University of London, which he also attended on a full scholarship. Hunte has since received an Alumni Laureate Award from the University of Nottingham, and an XCity Award from City University.
Career
While working in strategy at Google, Hunte started a YouTube channel and social media presence. After hitting 50,000 subscribers he left Google to become a full-time influencer and trained to be a journalist. Starting at BBC News as an intern, Hunte went on to be a news anchor for BBC News Africa and hosted What's New?, the BBC's first programme and digital service for children. In 2019, Hunte became the BBC's first official LGBT correspondent, reporting for all BBC and BBC News platforms.
In 2020, Hunte took the top spot in The Guardian and Diva magazine's Pride Power List. Hunte was also awarded Journalist of the Year by One Young World, and was a finalist for Specialist Journalist of the Year at the British Journalism Awards, as well as Young Talent of the Year at the Royal Television Society Awards. He then took on the role of the network's West Africa correspondent in March 2021, reporting from across the continent, in places such as Dakar, Senegal.
After working with the BBC for five years, Hunte announced his departure in September 2021 to join Vice News as a Senior Reporter. In May 2022, Ben Hunte was listed on Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe list for media and marketing.
In January 2023, Hunte was promoted to Global Correspondent for VICE News, specialising in LGBTQ lives and human rights.
In June 2023, he received the Foreign Press Award at the Out d'Or ceremony organized by the French Association of LGBTI Journalists for two investigative articles written for Vice News about transphobia in the EHRC.
Personal life
Hunte has talked extensively about life as a Black gay man and the abuse he receives being in the public eye, as well as his experiences of sexual abuse.
He appeared on the cover of Attitude 25th anniversary edition in March 2019, and in the Evening Standard ES Magazine. | WIKI |
How to enable Flash Player on Google Chrome in 2 ways
To enable Flash in Google Chrome, you'll need to manually allow it for every site you visit, or set it to "Ask First" mode.Google Chrome automatically blocks Flash from running on every new site you visit, and will continue to do this until 2021.On December 31, 2020, Google Chrome will stop supporting Flash for good, and you'll have to use an older browser if you want to run Flash.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
Adobe Flash Player is going the way of the dodo. At the end of 2020, not only will most major web browsers no longer allow Flash, but Adobe itself will stop supporting the multimedia software.Flash Player was once the foundation of the internet. Animations, browser games, advertisements, and even YouTube videos all once ran using Flash. However, as the years went on, Flash began to fall out of favor.The beginning of the end was when Google declared that Google Chrome would begin to block Flash by default on any page you visit on the web. This declaration is also probably the reason you're here.Once 2021 hits, you won't be able to run Flash in Google Chrome at all. Until then, however, you can re-enable Flash by going through Chrome's Settings menu.
Here's how to do it in two ways, using the official Google Chrome app for Mac and PC.Check out the products mentioned in this article:MacBook Pro (From $1,299.99 at Best Buy)Microsoft Surface Pro 7 (From $699.99 at Best Buy)How to enable Flash in Google ChromeThere are two ways to enable Flash in Google Chrome. You can enable it once for a single site, or set Google Chrome to automatically ask you if you want to run Flash.To allow Flash for a single website:1. Go to the website that you want to use.2. When you see the "Plugin Blocked" icon pop up at the right side of your search bar, click the lock button on the left side.
3. In the pop-up window that appears, you'll see an option labeled "Site settings." Click it.
4. In the menu that appears, scroll down until you find "Flash" with a drop-down menu next to it. Click the drop down and change "Block (default)" to "Allow."
Return to the page where Flash was blocked and refresh. It should now allow you to run Flash.Google Chrome doesn't allow you to always run Flash by default anymore, as a way of protecting your computer from viruses that run through Flash. However, you can set Chrome to automatically ask you whether you want to run Flash whenever you encounter a page that has it. Here's how to do that.
To make Google Chrome ask you to use Flash:1. Go to the page you want to use that runs Flash.2. Click the plugin blocked icon at the right side of your search bar.3. In the pop-up window, click "Manage." This will take you to the Flash section of Chrome's settings.
4. There's a switch at the top labeled "Block sites from running Flash (recommended)." Toggle the switch to the on position to change it to "Ask first."
Sites that use Flash will now automatically ask to run the software, until the end of 2020.
Related coverage from How To Do Everything: Tech:How to update the Adobe Flash Player in your Google Chrome browser, or reinstall it if it's corruptedHow to enable Adobe Flash Player on a Mac computer using SafariHow to make Google Chrome the default browser on your Android phone in 5 simple stepsHow to clear your Google search history on your Android phone or tabletHow to change your Google Chrome autofill settings, and edit saved addresses or payment information
Get the latest Google stock price here.
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window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
window._taboola = window._taboola || []; | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
THE INDIAN MUTINY
In 1857 many Indian soldiers turned against their British officers. This event is known to some as the Indian Mutiny. Most in India prefer to call it the First War of Independence or the First War of Liberation.
In the 19th century most of India was either directly or indirectly under British rule. The East India Company had its capital at Calcutta. The Company owned huge amounts of farm land. It charged rents and collected taxes.
The EIC had its own army and navy. The EIC was licensed by the British Government. Every 20 years the UK Government passed a new regulating act. Each Regulating Act would require the EIC to do certain things and to refrain from doing others.
Some Britons in India called India ‘Company Land’ and jokingly said they were working for John Company.
The British Army was also in India but there were only a few regiments. This was in addition to the EIC’s army. Some Britons had made fortunes in the EIC and then sailed home to the British Isles. In Great Britain and Ireland some of these men forged political careers. That is why the UK Government took an increasing interest in Indian affairs.
Under the EIC India was divided into three mega provinces known as presidencies.. These were Bombay Presidency which everything from Mumbai north and included most of the western half of North India. Bombay Presidency stretched right to the border with Afghanistan. The capital was Bombay (Mumbai).
Bengal Presidency includes what is now West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Nagaland, Bangladesh, Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. The capital was Calcutta (Kolkata). The name lives on in Presidency College in Kolkata.
Then there was Madras Presidency which was South India. Its capital was Madras (now called Chennai).
Strictly speaking each presidencies army was separate. But they were all EIC armies.
Within each presidency many districts were directly governed by district commissioners. A district commissioner was a white Briton. There were also princely states. A princely state was ruled by a rajah, maharajah, khan or whatever the title was of the Indian ruler. These princely states had a co-operative relationship with the EIC. The princely states had their own armies and in some cases navies. A prince ruled his fiefdom as he saw fit so long as he did not upset the EIC too much. He had to agree to only have diplomatic relations via the British and recognise the ultimate authority of the British. In return he would receive military assistance. Indian princley states had fought each other for centuries. The people were glad that this had been brought to an end. In the west India had been invaded by Afghanistan many times. In the east she had fought Burma (Myanmar). Pirates had plagued the seas.
The Mughal Empire was still theoretically extant. Its capital was at Delhi. However, the Mughal Empire was a shadow of its former self. At the apogee this empire had ruled from Afghanistan to the border of Burma. Its domain has stretched from the Tibetan frontier to Tamil Nadu. By 1857 the Mughal Emperor ruled little beyond his capital city. Therefore he was known as the King of Delhi. To call him an ’emperor’ seemed ludicrous.
Some Indians grumbled about excessive taxation. The EIC had a monopoly on the lucrative opium trade.
Christian missionaries were increasingly active in India. Only 1% of people in British India converted to the Christian faith. But some Indians resented Christian evangelisation.
EIC soldiers were obliged to listen to Christian sermons in a few cases. Many were suspicious that the British were plotting to deprive Indians of their religions. Most people were intensely religious in the 19th century.
Some Britons had a conceit of themselves. There were a few who looked down their noses at the people of India.
In the 18th century there were very few British women in India. British men marrying Indian women was commonplace. Those of mixed stock were called Anglo-Indians. Britons in India whether married to Indians or not tended to socialise with Indians and adopt some Indian customs and learn Indian languages. Some of them were attracted to Indian culture and a few were in awe of it.
In the 19th century more British women came to India. British men then overwhelmingly chose to marry women of their own nationality. There was no law against interracial marriage but it was very much disapproved of. There started to be a gulf between Britons and Indians. There started to be a critical mass of Britishers in India. They began to keep themselves to themselves. Some Britons expressed disdain for Indian culture. Some British soldiers declined to learn even a few words of any Indian tongue.
White supremacy was advanced as a theory in the 19th century. Some whites including Britons honestly thought they were better than non-whites. The white supremacists claimed that whites were lionhearted as well as clever which is why they were destined to rule other races. These racists forgot that not long before India had been much more advanced than Europe.
The EIC promulgated the doctrine of lapse. This stated that is a ruler died without a male heir then the crown lapsed. The princely state would come under direct British rule. In the 1850s some Indian princely stated started to be asborbed into the zone under direct British control. Some Indians resented this. They felt allegiance towards the princely dynasty.
The army of the EIC recruited Hindus of the Brahmin and Kshatriya castes. They did not wish to serve overseas. They said that to cross ”the dark waters” would cause them to lose caste. To traditional Hindus caste was all. The EIC had acquired land in Malaysia and Singapore. The Company wanted its soldiers to serve in these lands. Though it was possible to travel overland from India to Malaysia it was far faster by ship. Some Hindus dreaded the idea of being outcaste. A few suspected that this was a British plot to make them convert to Christianity.
EIC soldiers had been paid extra to serve in Burma. Then it was announced they would no longer receive an additional allowance for this. This caused discontent.
The Enfield Rifled Musket was invented in 1853. This was a new type of gun. It was called ‘Enfield’ after the London Borough where it was manufactured.
In 1857 a new cartridge was introduced. To use it the soldier had to bite open a greased paper cartridge to get the gunpowder out.
A rumour got around that the cartridge was greased with the fat of pigs of cows. No Muslim would touch pork. No Hindu would ever ingest beef. One EIC official circulated a memorandum saying that the new cartridge was bound to provoke a hugely adverse reaction therefore it should not be issued. His sage counsel was disregarded.
- What is the Indian Mutiny usually called in India?
- Which year did it take place?
- How many presidencies were there in India?
- Why did Britons start to distance themselves from Indian in the 19th century? five marks
- What is white supremacism? Five marks
- Which Hindu castes were allowed into the EIC Army?
- What was controversial about the Enfield Rifled Musket?
In March 1857 a soldier named Mangal Pandey told his comrades that he was fed up to the back teeth of the British Raj. He declared his intention to rebel against his British officers. Some Indians reported this to their officers. British officers arrived to arrest Pandey. He tried to shoot them. The Britons ordered their Indian sepoys to restrain Pandey. All but one refused to do so. But they did not intervene to help Pandey. Sepoy Pandey was arrested. He was found guilty of mutiny and attempted murder. He was hanged. Thereafter the British called all rebels ‘Pandey’.
A story did the rounds that the recent war against Russia had killed all but 100 000 Britons. The British were so few that they could easily be thrashed.
Trouble was brewing in Meerut. This town was home to the largest garrison in India. There were 4 000 Indian troops and 4 000 Britons there.
At Meerut cartridges were issued to sepoys. They refused to bite them. Some British officers offered a concession. They could tear the cartridges instead. This was also impermissible to a Hindu or a Muslim. For refusing to obey orders 85 soldiers were charged with insubordination. They were sentenced to 10 years hard labour.
As the 85 soldiers were dragged off to prison their cursed their comrades who had not come to their aid. The 85 has served the British valiantly for years. Some British officers were sympathetic. They felt guilty that their stalwart soldiers had been treated with undue harshness. They promised to intercede for their men and to seek the reduction of these sentences.
There was muttering in the ranks. Many sepoys were irate about what they felt were a collection of injustices. Some of the sepoys resolved to free their comrades from prison. Some sepoys were still faithful to the British. They informed the Britishers. However, the British officers took no action.
There had been a British garrison in Meerut for decades. British soldiers wandered around unarmed in their free time. They felt very safe and relaxed there.
On 10 May all hell broke loose – from a British perspective. British soldiers walking in the market were set upon and killed by Indian civilians with knives. Some sepoys stormed the prison and rescued their incarcerated comrades. They then attacked the barracks housing the British soldiers and slew some.
Some Indian sepoys honoured their oath to the EIC and fought against the mutineers. A few mutineers wanted to kill even British civilians. Some Indian valiantly hid their British friends. But if an Indian was caught concealing a Briton for the mutineers than that Indian was put to death. Indian Christians were killed in some cases as they were rightly perceived as being on the side of the EIC.
- Why was Mangal Pandey executed?
- What does EIC stand for?
- Why did rebels often kill Indian Christians?
- At which town was the first outbreak of mutiny?
- What is a sepoy?
Restoring the Mughal Empire
The mutineers then marched to Delhi some 40 miles south. They went to the King of Delhi: Bahadur Shah Zafar. The mutineers told the king what they had done. They called upon him to endorse it and to proclaim himself Mughal Emperor. He was very reluctant to do so. He was unsure whether to believe everything he was hearing. The mutiny might be a small local affair. The king’s writ did not run much further than Delhi’s city limits. Could this rebellion really succeed?
On May 16 Bahadur Shah Zafar was cajoled into signing a proclamation reasserting his title as Emperor of India. Many rallied to his banner. The British were staggered to see that he commanded loyalty. For decades they had treated him and his forbears as a powerless anachronism. Even some Hindus professed their allegiance to Bahadur Shah. He had coins minted. Distributing coinage with his name on it was an indication of sovereignty.
The British in Delhi and their Indian supporters were killed. Some Indians hid their British friends.
The mutineer commanders soon began squabbling. Bahadur Shah muttered. ”soon the British will be hanging me.”
Not all the mutineers wanted the Mughal Empire back. But even for those who disliked it the emperor was the only central authority other than the British. The mutineers had to have someone to rally around. The British liked to remind the Hindu majority that previous Mughal emperors had cruelly persecuted the Hindus. Babur, Auragnzeb and other Mughals dynasts had destroyed hundreds of Hindu temples building mosques in their place. By contrast British boasted that they had never demolished a single Hindu temple or a single mosque.
The news spread quickly to other EIC garrisons. Some British commanders knew that their regiments were disaffected. The unit would then be told to hand in its weapons. Once this was done the regiment would be disbanded. These men dispersed. But some later joined the rebels. In one place the EIC soldiers who had been disarmed were fired upon by the British soldiers.
Some British officers were convinced that their men were steadfast to them. In some cases British officers even moved into a barrack room with their men and slept in the same room to prove their utter trust in their subordinates. This trust was mostly repaid.
The princely stated of Oudh (pronounced Awadh) had been abolished on 4 years earlier. It had been absorbed into a province under direct British administration. Many people in Oudh disliked the dissolution of their state and yearned for its re-establishment. They therefore rose in revolt against the British interlopers.
Lieutenant Colonel Neill marched his men through the Ganges Plain. If his suspected civilians were aiding the rebels he had them hanged. Dozens of innocent people were put to death on his orders.
- What was the name of the King of Delhi?
- What title did he resume in 1857?
- Why were people in Oudh usually anti-British?
- Why was Bahadur Shah hesitant about proclaiming himself emperor? Five marks
- Why did the British do to EIC regiments of dubious loyalty?
There was a large British garrison at Kanpur. General Wheeler was in command. Unusually for the era Wheeler was married to an Indian. He had a close relationship with a local potentate named Nana Sahib. Wheeler was confident in the fidelity of his Indian soldiers. However, mutineers closed in and besieged Cawnpore in June 1857. The city is now spelt ‘Kanpur’. Wheeler was trapped in the city with thousands of people British soldiers and civilians as well as pro-British Indians. Nana Sahib took the side of the rebels.
On 27 June an agreement was reached with Nana Sahib. The rebels would allow safe passage to some of the people in the city. Wounded soldiers, women and children would be evacuated by boat to Allahabad. The defenders of the city were very low on food so agreed. Those being evacuated were allowed to take guns. The majority of defenders of the city remained in Kanpur.
As the evacuees approached the river the rebels demanded that the Indian soldiers among the British party be separated from the others. The pro-British Indian soldiers were duly separated from the rest. What was to happen to these pro-British soldiers? Were they going to be killed?
What happened next is a matter of dispute. Did some British soldier want to save his Indian comrade and so opened fire on the rebels? Or did the rebels start shooting? In the end the wounded British soldiers and their Indian allies were all killed.
The rebels took the women and children hostage. They were not allowed to proceed to Allahabad. The civilians were held hostage for a couple of weeks. Then the rebel commander ordered his men to kill the civilians. The rebels refused saying that it would be an act unworthy of an Indian solider. As no Indian solider would commit this crime the commander found some local butchers who agreed to do so.
The slaying of the civilians and of British and Indian soldiers despite the promise of safe passage incensed British opinion. Thereafter the British and their Indian confederates had a policy of giving no quarter to the enemy.
In September Kanpur was relieved. British arrived were marched past the remains of British civilians who had been killed. The British officers reasoned that this would rouse a fury in their troops who would then be willing and even eager to kill their enemies.
Rebels who were taken prisoner were taken the Bibighar – the house where the civilians had been slain. The unfortunate rebels were made to eat pork or beef. In some cases they were forced to lick human blood. They were then executed by being blown from cannon. Under the Mughals this was a punishment for rebellion. Some Hindus believed this deprived them of reincarnation.
Oudh had been annexed only in 1856. The people of Oudh disliked this and wanted their state back. Lucknow was a large city there and it was garrisoned with British troops and their Indian allies.
- Why did Wheeler think there would be no rebellion at Kanpur?
- What went wrong with the evacuation of wounded soldiers and civilians from Kanpur? Five marks
- How did the EIC and British execute rebels?
Sir John Lawrence and his men at Lucknow were besieged. With the hundreds of British soldiers were hundreds of Indians who remained true to them and 1 000 civilians. The defenders of Lucknow resisted for 3 months. Then a relief column came. Sir Henry Havelock reached Lucknow with his soldiers. But they were too few to break the siege. In the end they joined the defenders of the city.
It was not until November that a large relief column arrived. The rebels who had been investing the city withdrew.
Some princely states threw in their lot with the British at the outset. As the British notched up more and more victories then more princely stated declared their undying fidelity to the British Crown. They wanted to be on the winning side. They saw that the penalty for rebellion was severe indeed.
The Sikhs had been bested by the EIC only a few years earlier in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The Punjab had been absorbed into the British Raj. Some of it was under direct British control but there were also some princely. No Sikh wished to see a revival of the Mughal Empire which had striven to extirpate the Sikh faith. Therefore the Sikhs backed the East India Company.
- Who was the British commander at Lucknow?
- Why did the Sikhs side with the British?
The Rani of Jhansi
In June 1857 the rebellion spread to Jhansi. This state had been annexed only in 1853. The Rana had died that year without a son. He had an adopted son but the British would not accept the adoptee as heir.
Some British civilians fled to Jhanshi Fort. The fort was stormed and the civilians were killed. The British held the Rani of Jhansi responsible for this even though she had not ordered it.
The Rani was the queen of her people. Lakshmibai is seen as a heroine to Indians to this day. In those times men and women had totally separate roles. Despite this she bravely assumed military command of her soldiers. She led them into battle.
The EIC Army retook Jhansi in 1858. The Rani was killed in a battle shortly afterwards.
- Why did Jhansi rise up against the British?
- Why is Lakshmibai exalted by many Indians today as a superlative womanhood?
The Siege of Delhi
There were British soldiers in Delhi when the rebellion broke out. The British managed to blow up some ammunition dumps to stop the ammo getting into rebel hands. British soldiers and civilians fled Delhi. Those who did not were killed.
On 1 July the British and their Indian allies approached Delhi to lay siege to it. As they did so the EIC forces hanged dozens of civilians they claimed had abetted the rebels. One man who was seized and interrogated was named Mr Nehru. He was the grandfather of Jawaharlal Nehru. Luckily for him Mr Nehru happened to speak a little English which was very rare in India back then. He managed to delay matters and talk them out of hanging him by many effusive expressions of pro-British sentiment. Many others were not so fortunate.
The defenders of Delhi were more numerous than the attackers. The British column approaching Delhi hanged many civilians whom it suspected of assisting the rebels. The British and EIC column was led by an Irishman named John Nicholson.
The attackers did not manage to surround the city for several weeks. The defenders gallantly counterattacked several times.
Finally British siege artillery arrived. It pummeled the city walls and knocked out the rebel artillery. At the end of August more reinforcement arrived for the British: Sikhs and Pakhtuns. Up until this point the defenders could have simply left the city. But by late August they were surrounded.
The assault on Delhi began. John Nicholson led from the front. He insisted on leading the charge to inspire his men with his valour. The British and their allies burst into the city at Kashmir Gate. Many of the attackers were killed including John Nicholson. The attackers were almost driven off. But they persisted and managed to get to the Red Fort.
The attackers deliberately killed hundreds of Indian civilians. The assailants pillaged freely. Bahadur Shah and his sons were taken prisoner at Humayun’s Tomb.
The British troops escorting the emperor’s sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khazir Sultan to the rear saw a group of enemy soldiers coming close. The British officer in charge was William Hodson. Hodson was loathe to kill prisoners of war (POWs). However, he feared that in a coming clash with the enemy his high value prisoners might escape or be rescued. Hodson ordered Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khazir Sultan to be shot dead. It was done. If these men had been freed it would have been a boost to rebel morale and provided them with leaders.
Shah Bahdur was sent into exile in Burma. Many Britishers said he should have been executed. He lived out his days composing mournful Urdu verses. His surviving son in India changed his name and lived in obscurity. Only in 2007 did a documentary identify who his descendants were. They were living modestly in South India.
Retaking Delhi was a huge psychological fillip for the British and their Indian adherents. It was a body blow to the morale of the rebels.
In November 1857 the British felt secure enough to offer amnesty to any rebel who had not killed a civilian. Not many trusted such assurances of mercy.
- Why did Britons in Delhi explode an ammunition store?
- Who was the British commander leading the assault on Delhi?
- Why were the emperor’s sons killed?
- What happened to the last emperor?
- How did the British and EIC armies behave in Delhi? Five marks
The next year
The Viceroy of India was Lord Canning the son of the late Prime Minister George Canning. Lord Canning urged his troops to be merciful. Some of the contemptuously called him ‘clemency Canning.’
When the year 1858 dawned it became plain that the British and their Indian supporters were winning. The King of Nepal threw in his lot with the British. With British agreement he dispatched his army to India to repress the rebellion. The Nepalese Army was very useful to their British allies in defeating the insurgency in Oudh.
The EIC had beaten Nepal in the 1814 Nepal War. The Ochterlony Monument in Kolkata commemorates this. Nepal used to be double its current size. Simla used to be part of Nepal for instance. After 1814 the British and Nepalese had a sympathetic relationship.
Some of the rebels fled to Nepal in 1814. The king ordered them to be arrested and handed over to the British authorities. The Britishers were grateful to the Nepalese for their endeavour in quelling the revolt. The British even returned some of the land they had seized from Nepal in 1814.
Some rebels continued to resist in the wilderness. The British and their Indian supporters find this difficult to mop up. The rebellion was not finally snuffed out until November 1858.
The EIC was dissolved in 1858. The UK Government started to assume control of India. Queen Victoria assured Indians that they could rise to any position in the administration.
In future the British authorities took care not to offend Indian religious sensibilities. They ended the doctrine of lapse. Regiments from ethnic groups that had rebelled were disbanded. In future the Indian Army relied more heavily on the Sikhs and the Gurkhas (Nepalese). The British did not let Indians have any artillery after 1857. They never entirely trusted their Indian allies.
Some Britons thought that the rebellion was more Muslim than Hindu. Delhi started to have a Hindu majority for the first time in centuries.
Much of India was completely placid. South India was almost entirely docile. In Bengal there was almost no fighting. In Gujarat there was very little fighting. The Punjab and North-West Frontier was supportive of the British. In Maharashtra and Sindh the situation was tranquil.
The British had a lucky escape in that the Afghans did not choose this most propitious moment to attack. If they had done so it would have spelt finis for the British Raj.
The rebellion only affected north central India. If every region had risen up then the British would have been scrambling for their ships.
There were 310 000 Indians in the EIC’s Army. There were 45 000 British troops in India. Only about a third of the EIC Army rebelled. There were armies of princely states that rebelled against the British. There were also ordinary men who were not part of any army who grabbed any weapon (even a farm tool) and fought against the British.
At least 100 000 Indian combatants were killed. Tens of thousands of Indian civilians were killed. Most of them were killed by the British and their Indian followers. A small number of Indian civilians were put to death by the rebels.
The rebellion failed due to a lack of co-ordination and leadership. There was no overall strategy and poor communication. Having launched one mutiny it was difficult for the rebels not to suffer another. Discipline broke down. The Rebel Army suffered from desertion. After May 1857 some rebels simply deserted their units and went home to their villages. This desertion accelerated in late 1857 when it looked like the rebels were being vanquished.
Rebels had radically different visions of a post-British India. Some cared only about their state. Some cared only about their religion. Some wanted the Mughal Empire back and others were dead against it.
No Briton or Indian loyalist was ever punished for killing a civilian in 1857.
- When did the rebellion end?
- What role did Nepal play? (Five marks)
- Which regions of India were peaceful?
- Why did some princely states fight on the British side?
- Why did the rebels lose? (Five marks)
From an Indian nationalist perspective the co-operation between Hindus and Muslims was most encouraging. But national identity was underdeveloped. Many Indians regarded themselves are primarily Hindu or primarily Muslim rather than Indian.
The telegraph and railways had only just started. These were to bring India together over the coming decades.
Local identity played a key role in the rebellion. People often rebelled because of local grievances such as the dissolution of a state. States with pro-British princes did not rebel.
The rebels are not usually called freedom fighters in India. Any Indian who took the side of the British is deprecated. He is regarded as having sold out his nation for a mess of potage.
Historians are unsure how planned the rebellion was. Was it spontaneous? It is hard to know because most people were illiterate in 1857. Many rebels were killed. Those who survived had to keep quiet about it for their own safety. Therefore there are few documents from the rebel side. If there was a plan it was naturally clandestine and therefore went unrecorded.
A key historiographical debate is how religiously inspired the rebellion was. Was it solely or mainly about animal fat on cartridges? To what extent did other political or economic issues play a role? There were some underlying discontents but it took sacrilege to catalyse this into open warfare. | FINEWEB-EDU |
A Dive into SystemJS – Production Considerations
Previously we have looked at the basic configuration of SystemJS and what happens when you attempt to load modules. What we have covered so far is good enough for a development system, but things are different when you try to push your code to production and performance is much more important. It might be fine for a development system to make XHR requests for each individual script file, but that is not ideal for most production systems. This article will attempt to evaluate the production setup that is needed to attain good performance.
This is the last of three articles about SystemJS. If you are looking for the basics then check out part 1, and if you want to read about loading and translating modules then check out part 2.
Production Workflows
If you were to deploy an application using only what we have covered so far your app would be making individual requests for each dependency which is not going to result in good performance. SystemJS provides for a couple of different approaches that you can take to optimize this performance depending on what type of environments that you need to support.
Bundling
The first optimization technique is bundling. Guy Bedford, the creator of SystemJS, also published a Node module, systemjs-builder, that you can install and use to perform bundling on your application.
This library is pretty easy to use for basic bundling situations. You simply create an instance of the bundler and either give it a reference to your SystemJS config file or specify a custom configuration, and then bundle a file.
var Builder = require('systemjs-builder');
// set it up with your base URL and the path to your config file.
var builder = new Builder('/baseUrl', 'config.js');
// you can also override configuration settings
builder.config({
map: {
jquery: 'customjQuery.js'
}
});
// run the bundler
builder.bundle('myBootstrap.js', 'bundles/bootstrap.js').then(function(output) {
// do anything that you need to do post-bundle
});
The bundler also supports transpiling and the various minification steps, compressing and mangling, that can be enabled via an optional parameter. If either of those are enabled then you also have the option of having the bundle include the source maps to map your bundle back to your original source code. One thing to remember is that if you turn on minification then mangling is also enabled by default, so if you just want whitespace compression then you need to turn minification on and turn off mangling.
// run the bundler with just whitespace compression and source maps
builder.bundle('myBootstrap.js', 'bundles/bootstrap.js', { minify: true, mangle: false, sourceMaps: true }).then(function(output) {
// do anything that you need to do post-bundle
});
The bundler also supports a multi-tiered bundle output so if you want to use multiple bundles then you can. Let us consider an example where you have two different bootstrap files that share some subset of dependencies. In that case you might want a bundle for the shared dependencies that could be cached by the browser independently and then a separate bundle for each bootstrap.
// calculate the shared dependencies
builder.bundle('myBootstrap1.js & myBootstrap2.js', 'bundles/commonDependencies.js').then(function(output) {
// now build the bootstrap bundles
builder.bundle('myBootstrap1.js - bundles/commonDependencies.js', 'bundles/bootstrap1.js').then(function(bootstrap1Output) {});
builder.bundle('myBootstrap2.js - bundles/commonDependencies.js', 'bundles/bootstrap2.js').then(function(bootstrap2Output) {});
});
The bundler also works with file globs so you can bundle whole folders or all files matching a path and you can also use those when performing bundle arithmetic.
// build a bundle with all of the application code except for the bootstraps and any external libraries
builder.bundle('src/**/* - src/bootstraps/* - jspm_packages/**/*', 'bundles/applicationCode.js').then(function(output) {});
With normal usage the bundler will include the module and all of its dependencies. However, if you just want to include the module itself and ignore its dependencies then you can use the module syntax of [].
// build a bundle with just the bootstrap files and none of their dependencies
builder.bundle('[src/bootstraps/*]', 'bundles/bootstraps.js').then(function(output) {});
You do not have to always specify the output file when you run a bundling attempt. If you do not specify it then it will perform the bundle in-memory and let you handle the bundled source however you like.
// build a bundle with just the bootstrap files and none of their dependencies
builder.bundle('[src/bootstraps/*]').then(function(output) {
// output.source will contain the source of the bundled code.
// output.sourceMap will contain the source map of the bundle.
// output.modules will contain an array of module names that were included in the bundle.
});
Using Bundles in the Browser
Once you have created the bundles that you want to use now you will need to configure SystemJS to make it aware of your bundles. This is as easy as defining the path to the bundle with an array of module names that are included in the bundle.
// SystemJS config
// The key is the path to the bundle, the value is the array of modules in the bundle
bundles: {
'bundles/bootstrap.js': ['src/bootstraps/bootstrap.js', 'src/someDependency1.js', 'src/someDependency2.js']
}
The way that SystemJS handles bundles is that when you attempt to import a module, before SystemJS goes out and fetches it it will first check to see if that module was defined as being included in a bundle. If it is, then it will go out and fetch the bundle instead of the individual module. This comes in handy for a developer because all you have to do to switch back to loading files individually is comment out the bundle definition in the config file and all that you have to do to make your app production ready is to add the bundle definition.
// importing one of the bundled modules will result in the bundle getting loaded
System.import('src/bootstraps/bootstrap.js').then(function(bootstrap) {
bootstrap.start();
});
Tracing
If your bundling needs are complicated enough then you might want to use tracing to build your dependency tree and then implement your own bundling logic. Tracing performs the same dependency discovery logic that bundling does, but it does not create the actual bundle and just gives you a dependency tree that you can do whatever you want with. For instance, you could use this to build a report of your application’s structure and dependencies, or you could use it to build your dependency tree and then run some algorithm to figure out the ideal bundles.
// use the same builder as bundling
builder.trace('src/bootstraps/bootstrap.js').then(function(tree) {
});
The tree object returned by tracing has a key for each module that it found in the trace attempt. The data for each module is quite extensive. It contains a metadata section which has some of the meta information about the module, such as the loader that loaded the module (in case you use a loader plugin), the source map, the original source, any dependencies defined in your SystemJS config for this module, and also the module format. In addition to the metadata it will also include an array of the module imports that this module registered, and then it will also include a depMap that converts those imported names to the module names after the SystemJS map configuration is applied.
// the deps and depMap portion of the tree output
deps: [
'components/helloWorld',
'jquery'
],
depMap: {
'components/helloWorld': 'src/components/helloWorld.js',
'jquery': 'npm:jquery@2.2.0'
}
This seems like it could be useful for generating a report or a dependency tree, but how does this help you with bundling? Well, one option would be to use this to figure out which files should be included in a given bundle and then run the bundling tool using bundle arithmetic to create the correct bundles. However, SystemJS also gives you a tool to figure out the common modules from multiple trees. If you run a trace on multiple files and get the multiple trees then you can pass them two at a time to the intersectTrees method and get back a new tree that contains only the common modules. This tree object can then be passed to the bundler and it will generate a bundle from the tree.
Promise.all([builder.trace('bootstraps/bootstrap1.js'), builder.trace('bootstraps/bootstrap2.js')]).then(function(trees) {
var sharedDependencies = builder.intersectTrees(trees[0], trees[1]);
builder.bundle(sharedDependencies, 'bundles/sharedDeps.js');
builder.bundle(builder.subtractTrees(trees[0], sharedDependencies), 'bundles/bootstrap1.js');
builder.bundle(builder.subtractTrees(trees[1], sharedDependencies), 'bundles/bootstrap2.js');
});
As you can see from this example the SystemJS builder also exposes arithmetic functions for trees.
HTTP/2
Modern browsers and modern web servers also support the HTTP/2 protocol, information on which can be found here. One advantage of HTTP/2 is that it can combine multiple requests to the same domian into a shared connection so then you do not really need to bundle as much. The benefit of doing less bundling is that the browser can cache and reuse the individual script files and only download the scripts that have changed. With bundles the browser will need to download the entire bundle again if one of the scripts inside of it has changed.
SystemJS supports HTTP/2 with the depCache configuration property. The depCache property functions in a similar manner to the bundle, except that instead of loading the bundle when one of the modules is requested it will actually load each of the individual dependencies in parallel to take advantage of HTTP/2.
// SystemJS config
// The key is the module and the value is the array of dependencies for that module
depCache: {
'src/bootstraps/bootstrap.js': ['src/someDependency1.js', 'src/someDependency2.js'],
'src/someDependency1.js': ['src/someSharedDependency.js'],
'src/someDependency2.js': ['src/someSharedDependency.js']
}
// This will trigger loads of bootstrap.js, someDependency1.js, someDependency2.js, and someSharedDependency.js all in parallel
System.import('src/bootstraps/bootstrap.js');
You should note however that not all browsers or servers support HTTP/2 so you will need to carefully consider how you want to deliver your production scripts based on what browsers and servers you will be supporting.
CSP
Some sites might require that your scripts are CSP compatible. If you are not familiar with CSP then here is a good explanation. If you are building your site as a CSP compatible site then you will need to make sure that all of your code will work if it is loaded with script tags. There is a special build of SystemJS that uses script tag injection to perform imports, and there are configuration options for bundling that will create CSP compatible bundles.
The CSP compatible bundling approach creates what is called a self-executing bundle. This is a bundle that is fully self-contained with no other dependencies and is an IIFE so that it immediately executes once the script finishes loading. If we look at our previous bundling examples, it is just a small change to make it CSP compatible.
// build a self executing bundle
builder.bundleStatic('src/bootstrap.js', 'bundles/bootstraps.js').then(function(output) {});
// SystemJS config
bundles: {
'bundles/bootstraps.js': ['src/bootstrap.js', 'src/someDependency.js']
}
// If you use the CSP compatible System implementation then when you do this import it will use script tags.
System.import('src/bootstrap.js');
Conclusion
Different applications will have quite different requirements for their production workflows, and SystemJS tries to provide for those different cases. Whether you need to bundle or whether you want to live life on the edge and rely solely on HTTP/2, SystemJS has you covered. I hope that this article series has given you a solid understanding of how SystemJS works and some of the different options that you have available to you for delivering your code in production.
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Page:Dorothy Canfield - Understood Betsy.djvu/32
18, nervous little girl who needed so much care.
And yet, at the sound of that little discreet cough behind Aunt Harriet's hand, the doctor whirled around and fixed his sharp eyes on her, with all the bored, impatient look gone, the first time Elizabeth Ann had ever seen him look interested. "What's that? What's that?" he said, going over quickly to Aunt Harriet. He snatched out of his little bag a shiny thing with two rubber tubes attached, and he put the ends of the tubes in his ears and the shiny thing up against Aunt Harriet, who was saying, "It's nothing, Doctor . . . a little teasing cough I've had this winter. And I meant to tell you, too, but I forgot it, that that sore spot on my lungs doesn't go away as it ought to."
The doctor motioned her very impolitely to stop talking, and listened very hard through his little tubes. Then he turned around and looked at Aunt Frances as though he were angry at | WIKI |
Talk:Shadow Dragons (disambiguation)
This page ought to be deleted. Any takers? (-Panther (talk) 21:28, 24 June 2009 (UTC)) | WIKI |
Browse Publications Technical Papers 2017-24-0087
2017-09-04
Ammonia-Hydrogen Blends in Homogeneous-Charge Compression-Ignition Engine 2017-24-0087
Ammonia and hydrogen can be produced from water, air and excess renewable electricity (Power-to-fuel) and are therefore a promising alternative in the transition from fossil fuel energy to cleaner energy sources. An Homogeneous-Charge Compression-Ignition (HCCI) engine is therefore being studied to use both fuels under a variable blending ratio for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production. Due to the high auto-ignition resistance of ammonia, hydrogen is required to promote and stabilize the HCCI combustion. Therefore the research objective is to investigate the HCCI combustion of varying hydrogen-ammonia blending ratios in a 16:1 compression ratio engine. A specific focus is put on maximizing the ammonia proportion as well as minimizing the NOx emissions that could arise from the nitrogen contained in the ammonia. A single-cylinder, constant speed, HCCI engine has been used with an intake pressure varied from 1 to 1.5 bar and with intake temperatures ranging from 428 to 473 K. Stable combustion was achieved with up to 70 %vol. ammonia proportion by increasing the intake pressure to 1.5 bar, the intake temperature to 473 K, and the equivalence ratio to 0.28. From pure hydrogen to 60 %vol. ammonia proportion, the combustion efficiency only lost 0.6 points. Pure hydrogen Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) was limited to 2.7 bar to avoid ringing (i.e. too high pressure rise rate) but blended with ammonia the IMEP safely reached 3.1 bar. For pure hydrogen, NOx emissions were below 6 ppm. For hydrogen-ammonia blends, NOx were between 750 and 2000 ppm. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) operations significantly reduced NOx emissions through a reduced oxygen availability but with a noticeable negative effect on combustion efficiency due to lower in-cylinder temperatures. Moreover, performed simulations showed the production of significant N2O quantities for combustion temperatures under 1400 K. Ammonia showed to be an effective fuel for HCCI conditions and EGR revealed itself as a promising NOx reducing technique through a decreased oxygen availability. Still, further effort is required when using EGR to keep the combustion temperature above 1400 K to maintain good combustion efficiencies and avoid N2O production.
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User:Doghead81
Pope Urban the second was a Pope from the Middle Ages who started the crusades. He was born 1035 and died in 1099. He was sworn into his Pope hood 1088 and obviously finished in 1099. | WIKI |
TECHNOLOGY, INTERNET TRENDS, GAMING
Blockchain Revolution in the Automotive Industry
Blockchain Revolution in the Automotive Industry
By Luca Fanicchia
The world of technology never stands still. Just when we thought we’d reached peak innovation with the integration of AI and IoT in vehicles, another transformative technology emerges onto the scene: blockchain. Originally known as the underlying mechanism powering cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, blockchain is finding applications across industries. One of the most promising sectors ripe for its revolution is the automotive industry.
How Efficiently Blockchain Technology Can Change Finance?
What is Blockchain?
Blockchain is often thought of as a digital ledger or a record-keeping book. However, instead of being stored in a single location or controlled by a centralized entity, this ledger is dispersed across a vast network of computers. Here’s a deeper dive into the underpinnings of blockchain:
Decentralization
Traditional databases such as a SQL database is centralized. On the other hand, on the blockchain, every participant (often referred to as a node) on the network has access to the entire database and the complete history of transactions. No single participant can control the data; everyone can verify the data, making it a democratized system.
Consensus Algorithms
One of the fundamental aspects of blockchain is how it ensures the validity of a transaction. Consensus algorithms, like Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), are mechanisms used to achieve agreement across all nodes in the network about the authenticity of transactions. This process eliminates the need for intermediaries and ensures that everyone agrees with the data’s validity.
Cryptography
At the heart of blockchain’s security features is cryptography. Every transaction on the blockchain is encrypted. Once the transaction is approved, it’s represented online as a block. Each of these blocks has a unique code called a cryptographic hash, along with the hash of the previous block. This chained hashing mechanism ensures the integrity and unchangeability of every block, rendering the blockchain tamper-evident.
Smart Contracts
Beyond just recording transactions, blockchain can be programmed with conditions that, when met, automatically trigger a specific action. These are known as “smart contracts”. For instance, in the automotive world, a smart contract might be set up to automatically transfer car ownership once payment has been verified, without the need for a traditional intermediary.
Transparency with Privacy
While the entire history of transactions on the blockchain is transparent and accessible to anyone in the network, the identity of the person making the transactions is encrypted and represented by a digital signature. This juxtaposition means that while everyone can see the transaction, only the parties involved can see the specifics, ensuring a balance between openness and privacy.
Immutability
Immutability refers to the unchangeable nature of transactions once they are added to the blockchain. It ensures that once data is added, it cannot be altered, ensuring historical accuracy and trustworthiness of the data.
Blockchain is a meticulously designed system that brings together principles of decentralization, cryptography, and transparency. It’s a paradigm shift from centralized models, offering unique benefits that have captivated industries beyond just finance, including the automotive world.
Catalyst Blockchain Platform: it launches on Corda
How is Blockchain Transforming the Automotive Sector?
Supply Chain Transparency and Authenticity in the Automotive Industry
The intricate matrix of the automotive industry, with its myriad of manufacturers, suppliers, and dealers, necessitates robust mechanisms to ensure transparency and authenticity. Blockchain emerges as a pivotal solution, offering unmatched traceability in this complex ecosystem.
Tracing the Journey of Automotive Components
Every automotive component has an extensive journey, starting from raw materials and culminating as an integral part of a vehicle. Blockchain can authenticate the origin of these materials, ensuring their ethical and quality standards. As these components traverse the supply chain, blockchain provides real-time tracking, optimizing logistics and promptly addressing disruptions. One significant challenge the industry faces is the prevalence of counterfeit parts. Blockchain can tag each component with a unique identifier, ensuring vehicles integrate only genuine, quality-tested parts. Moreover, should there be a need for a component recall, the technology can swiftly pinpoint the affected batches, streamlining processes and mitigating risks.
Vehicle History and Ownership in the Automotive Industry
The automotive industry, like many others, hinges on trust between sellers and buyers. Historically, assessing a vehicle’s history and ownership lineage has been riddled with inconsistencies, which can result in misconceptions and, sometimes, regrettable investments. Blockchain, with its indelible and transparent characteristics, offers a resolution to these issues.
A Comprehensive Record for Every Vehicle
Every vehicle has a tale to tell, from its initial assembly line moments to its most recent road trip. Blockchain technology can capture this narrative in its entirety. Each maintenance check, every ownership transfer, and even minor incidents can be recorded on the blockchain, ensuring that potential buyers access a vehicle’s unaltered history.
By providing a transparent record, blockchain mitigates the challenges of misinformation or deliberate omission of facts. When someone decides to sell a car, the prospective buyer can easily check its detailed history, assuring that they are making an informed decision based on accurate data. This not only bolsters confidence in second-hand vehicle transactions but also helps in maintaining the value of vehicles with well-documented histories.
The application of blockchain to record vehicle histories promises to instill a higher level of trust in automotive transactions, ensuring all parties involved have a clear and consistent understanding of a vehicle’s past.
Seamless Transactions in the Automotive Industry
The automotive industry, despite its advancements, often grapples with complexities in transactional processes. Traditional methods can be cumbersome, involving intermediaries, excessive paperwork, and sometimes unnecessary delays. Blockchain’s introduction promises to streamline these processes, offering rapid, transparent, and secure transaction avenues.
Revolutionizing Automotive Commerce
For every vehicle purchase or service, there’s a transaction lurking behind the scenes. Blockchain transforms these transactions into swift, paperless processes. When a customer chooses to buy a vehicle or a part, the payment and ownership transfer can be executed on the blockchain, reducing the need for intermediaries like banks or financial institutions. This decentralization ensures that transactions are processed faster and with minimal fees.
Moreover, the transparency offered by blockchain ensures that both parties can verify and trust the transaction’s authenticity. Contracts, warranties, and service agreements can be digitized using “smart contracts” on the blockchain, which automatically execute when specific conditions are met, further simplifying the transaction process.
By adopting blockchain for its transactions, the automotive industry can offer customers a smoother, more transparent buying experience, elevating trust and efficiency in every sale and service.
Autonomous Vehicles and Micropayments in the Automotive Industry
The dawn of autonomous vehicles promises to reshape the transportation landscape. However, these self-driving marvels won’t just alter how we commute; they also introduce new paradigms for transactional processes. Coupled with blockchain, these vehicles are poised to navigate the world of micropayments with unprecedented efficiency.
Self-driving Cars and the Economy of Small Transactions
Imagine a future where your car drives itself to a charging station, pays for its own energy, finds a parking spot, and compensates for the space without any human intervention. Such is the vision with autonomous vehicles powered by blockchain.
Autonomous vehicles will engage in numerous small transactions daily, from toll payments to parking fees. Traditional payment systems, with their overheads and transaction fees, are ill-suited for this volume of micropayments. Blockchain, with its decentralized nature, facilitates these transactions efficiently, reducing costs and ensuring rapid processing.
Moreover, the security and transparency of blockchain guarantee that each micropayment is recorded, verifiable, and immutable. This not only instills confidence in the system but also paves the way for innovative business models. For instance, car owners could lease out their vehicles for autonomous ridesharing, with blockchain managing payments, schedules, and user ratings.
Embracing blockchain in the realm of autonomous vehicles can drive the industry towards a seamless integration of transport and commerce, ensuring that our self-driving future is not just smart in navigation but also in transaction.
Improved Security in the Automotive Industry
In an era where connectivity drives the automotive world, the security of vehicular systems and data is paramount. As vehicles become more digitally integrated, they also become vulnerable to cyber threats. Blockchain emerges as a formidable defense mechanism against such challenges.
Fortifying Vehicular Digital Frameworks
Blockchain’s decentralized nature inherently diminishes single points of failure, making it more challenging for hackers to compromise the system. Each transaction or data entry is encrypted and then linked in a chain, ensuring that any tampering attempt would require altering the entire chain—a nearly impossible feat.
Moreover, as cars evolve into connected hubs, interacting with various devices and systems, blockchain can authenticate these interactions, ensuring that only trusted devices gain access. This safeguard not only protects the vehicle’s core functions but also the personal data of its occupants.
Incorporating blockchain thus offers the automotive industry a robust shield, ensuring that vehicles remain secure in a rapidly digitizing world.
Ride-Sharing and Car Leasing in the Automotive Industry
The surge of ride-sharing platforms and car leasing options highlights the evolving dynamics of transportation preferences. Blockchain provides a backbone for these shifts, introducing heightened levels of efficiency, transparency, and trust.
Decentralizing Mobility Solutions
With blockchain, the concept of peer-to-peer ride-sharing can truly take root. Riders and drivers can interact directly, bypassing traditional platform intermediaries. Each ride’s details, from fare calculations to driver ratings, can be stored on a transparent, immutable ledger, ensuring both parties have clarity and recourse in disputes.
On the car leasing front, blockchain facilitates swift, secure lease transactions. All terms, from lease durations to monthly payments, can be embedded into smart contracts. Upon meeting the defined conditions, these contracts autonomously execute, simplifying processes and reducing administrative burdens.
By integrating blockchain, ride-sharing and car leasing ventures can ensure smoother operations, fostering greater trust among users and paving the way for a more decentralized transportation future.
The Art of Digital Marketing: Strategies for Tech-Savvy Businesses
Challenges Ahead
While blockchain promises transformative potential, the technology is not without challenges. Concerns include:
• Scalability: As more transactions are added, the size and complexity of the blockchain grow. Solutions are being developed, but scalability remains an issue.
• Interoperability: For maximum effectiveness, different blockchains need to communicate with each other, especially in a diverse industry like automotive.
• Regulation: The decentralized nature of blockchain challenges traditional regulatory frameworks. Policymakers are working to catch up, but there’s a long road ahead.
The Future of Blockchain
The automotive industry stands at the cusp of another major revolution with the integration of blockchain technology. While challenges exist, the potential benefits in terms of transparency, efficiency, and security are too significant to ignore. As industry players invest in research and collaboration, it’s only a matter of time before blockchain becomes as ubiquitous in cars as GPS systems are today.
%d | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rhysida longipes
Rhysida longipes, sometimes known as minor blue leg, is a species of centipedes in the family Scolopendridae. Three subspecies are recognized. It is sometimes used as a pet in some countries.
Subspecies
* Rhysida longipes afghanistana
* Rhysida longipes malayica
* Rhysida longipes simplicior | WIKI |
Diaphragm
Diaphragm, dome-shaped, muscular and membranous structure that separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities in mammals; it is the principal muscle of respiration.
The muscles of the diaphragm arise from the lower part of the sternum (breastbone), the lower six ribs, and the lumbar (loin) vertebrae of the spine and are attached to a central membranous tendon. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the internal height of the thoracic cavity, thus lowering its internal pressure and causing inspiration of air. Relaxation of the diaphragm and the natural elasticity of lung tissue and the thoracic cage produce expiration. The diaphragm is also important in expulsive actions—e.g., coughing, sneezing, vomiting, crying, and expelling feces, urine, and, in parturition, the fetus. The diaphragm is pierced by many structures, notably the esophagus, aorta, and inferior vena cava, and is occasionally subject to herniation (rupture). Small holes in the membranous portion of the diaphragm sometimes allow abnormal accumulations of fluid or air to move from the abdominal cavity (where pressure is positive during inspiration) into the pleural spaces of the chest (where pressure is negative during inspiration). Spasmodic inspiratory movement of the diaphragm produces the characteristic sound known as hiccupping.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn, Managing Editor. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Stéphane Castaignède
Stéphane Castaignède (born Mont-de-Marsan, 30 September 1969) is a former French rugby union player and a current coach. He played as a scrum-half.
He first played for Mimizan, then moving to Saint-Julien-en-Born. He then went to play for US Dax and US Marmandaise. He became more noticed while playing for Montferrand, from 1996/97 to 1998/99. He won the European Challenge Cup in 1998/99. He was runners-up to the French Championship the same season. He later played for Stade Montois (1999/2000-2000/01), SA Hagetmautien (2001/02-2002/03) and US Grenade-sur-l'Adour (April 2003 – July 2006), where he became player-coach and finished his career. He later returned to Hagetmautien as a coach.
Castaignède won 7 caps for France, all in 1999, without ever scoring. He had 6 caps at the 1999 Rugby World Cup, where he played 5 of them as a substitute. He also played at the final, lost to Australia (35-12). | WIKI |
Land (book)
Land: How the Hunger for Ownership Shaped the Modern World is a 2021 book by Simon Winchester.
Content
The book details different conceptions of land ownership and the history of land ownership. It also discusses conflicts stemming from disagreements over land.
Critical reception
Francisco Cantú's review in The New Yorker was mixed, praising Winchester's prose. However, Cantú noted a nostalgic tone that at times undercut the depictions of land appropriation and violence. Writing for the New York Times, Aaron Retica criticized the book for not "[coming] together" due to its lack of an identifiable thesis. In the Financial Times, Delphine Strauss did identify a thesis to the book: that most disputes are fundamentally about land.
Literary review aggregator Book Marks noted that reviews of the book were mostly "Positive". | WIKI |
Talk:Zoë Bell
Catwoman/Sharon Stone
This line is ambiguous:
Catwoman starred Halle Berry, not Sharon Stone, maybe they're referring to the Catwoman in Batman Returns, but Michelle Pfeiffer had that role in the movie.Vicco Lizcano 18:10, 8 February 2007 (UTC) (Tell me where I'm wrong)
Although she didn't play Catwoman, Sharon Stone was still in the movie
* Sharon Stone was the "bad guy" in Catwoman--<IP_ADDRESS> 06:29, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
No mention of her romantic life.
That's odd. No mention of her romantic life at all. I wonder why that is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Doubledragons (talk • contribs) 08:25, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
* If her romantic life does not involve me, than it is of no interest to me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:57, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
incorrect order
"After Death Proof, she did stunt work for the movie Catwoman, in which she performed high falls and acted as a double for Sharon Stone."
Death proof was released 2007, Cat woman in 2004 -- and the former was not filmed before 2004, hence, the ordering is wacked in the text... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:20, 14 February 2011 (UTC)
someone please put a different pic up of zoe she's a super hot, female stunt women bad ass. this is a terrible pic of her. some please switch it. this pic dose not do her justice. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Robwsc56 (talk • contribs) 05:49, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
No stunt work in 'Whip It'?
It's obvious that Juliette Lewis is doubled in the last bout of the movie by a pro of the roller derby troop, but other than that, the whole cast did their own skating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:20, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Zoë Bell. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100408154552/http://fullecirclestuff.blogspot.com:80/2009/08/conversation-with-zoe-bell.html to http://fullecirclestuff.blogspot.com/2009/08/conversation-with-zoe-bell.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 01:17, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 1 one external link on Zoë Bell. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070927210818/http://www.stv.tv/content/out/film/displayHotnow.html?id=opencms:/out/hotnow/films/Zoe_Bell__Death_Proof_interview to http://www.stv.tv/content/out/film/displayHotnow.html?id=opencms:/out/hotnow/films/Zoe_Bell__Death_Proof_interview
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 18:09, 21 July 2016 (UTC)
I believe she was in a movie called death Proof starring Kurt Russell,check death Proof 2007 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:48, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
Deathproof
Filmography makes no mention of her role in this film <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:21, 5 June 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Step 4: Add Shortcuts for Component Mode - Lumberyard User Guide
Step 4: Add Shortcuts for Component Mode
In the following procedure, create shortcuts that are specific to the component that you're editing. For example, if you're editing a Spline component and want to add shortcuts for working with vertices, you can create a shortcut such as Ctrl+D to duplicate a point or Delete to remove it. When adding shortcuts, note the following changes in your code:
• EditorBaseComponentMode provides an additional function to override in its interface called PopulateActionsImpl.
AZStd::vector<AzToolsFramework::ActionOverride> PopulateActionsImpl() override;
• The PopulateActionsImpl function returns a vector of available actions that you can perform in Component Mode. By default, you always get the following shortcuts, which you can't change:
• Ctrl+S – Save
• Ctrl+Z – Undo
• Ctrl+Shift+Z – Redo
• Esc – Leave Component Mode
To create shortcuts for Component Mode
1. In the EditorPointLightComponentMode.cpp file, create an ActionOverride struct and use the Set chain methods to improve readability. The most important piece of this change is a unique identifier. The format is a reverse URL: com.company.action.component.type.
static const AZ::Crc32 s_resetPointLight = AZ_CRC("com.amazon.action.pointlight.reset") ;
2. Specify what shortcut to use and then enter a name and description so that the shortcut appears in the Edit menu.
.SetKeySequence(QKeySequence(Qt::Key_R)) .SetTitle("Reset") .SetTip("Reset all Point Light State") .SetEntityComponentIdPair(AZ::EntityComponentIdPair(GetEntityId(), GetComponentId()))
Note
You must provide the entity and component ID that this action corresponds to and finally the event or callback itself to perform.
3. To ensure that you can undo this action, create an undo batch and mark the entity as dirty.
// Ensure that we record undo command for reset AzToolsFramework::ScopedUndoBatch undoBatch("Reset Point Light"); AzToolsFramework::ScopedUndoBatch::MarkEntityDirty(entityId);
4. The current and next states of the entity are compared, and if they don't match, the undo action is recorded. Follow the undoBatch function with a series of calls to reset the state of the component and then refresh and update the position of any manipulators so that they accurately reflect the state of the component.
/// Other set functions to return state to default... // refresh manipulators Refresh(); // ensure property grid values are refreshed AzToolsFramework::ToolsApplicationNotificationBus::Broadcast( &AzToolsFramework::ToolsApplicationNotificationBus::Events::InvalidatePropertyDisplay, AzToolsFramework::Refresh_Values);
5. Save your file.
Example EditorPointLightComponentMode.cpp
You can add additional actions such as a shortcut to reset all properties on the component like the following.
static const AZ::Crc32 s_resetPointLight = AZ_CRC("com.amazon.action.pointlight.reset") ; AZStd::vector<AzToolsFramework::ActionOverride> EditorPointLightComponentMode::PopulateActionsImpl() { return AZStd::vector<AzToolsFramework::ActionOverride> { AzToolsFramework::ActionOverride() .SetUri(s_resetPointLight) .SetKeySequence(QKeySequence(Qt::Key_R)) .SetTitle("Reset") .SetTip("Reset all Point Light State") .SetEntityComponentIdPair(AZ::EntityComponentIdPair(GetEntityId(), GetComponentId())) .SetCallback([this]() { const AZ::EntityId entityId = GetEntityId(); // ensure we record undo command for reset AzToolsFramework::ScopedUndoBatch undoBatch("Reset Point Light"); AzToolsFramework::ScopedUndoBatch::MarkEntityDirty(entityId); EditorLightComponentRequestBus::Event( entityId, &EditorLightComponentRequests::SetPointMaxDistance, 1.0f); /// other set functions to return state to default... // refresh manipulators Refresh(); // ensure property grid values are refreshed AzToolsFramework::ToolsApplicationNotificationBus::Broadcast( &AzToolsFramework::ToolsApplicationNotificationBus::Events::InvalidatePropertyDisplay, AzToolsFramework::Refresh_Values); }) }; } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Draft:Caroline Rey-Salmon
Caroline Rey-Salmon (born 4 November 1958 Paris) is a French forensic pediatrician.
She is vice-president of the Independent Commission on Incest and Sexual Violence Against Children (Ciivise).
Life
She was born on 4 November 1958, in Paris.
She is known for being the very first forensic pediatrician on France 2. She was behind the opening of the first medical-judicial unit for minors at the Trousseau hospital in 2003.
She has been a member of the Independent Commission on Incest and Sexual Violence Against Children (Ciivise) since its creation, in 2021. That same year, she gave a presentation on incest during the National Days of General Medicine.
She was appointed vice-president of the Ciivise on 12 December 2023, after the ouster of judge Édouard Durand 4. Her appointment was tense, with the majority of associations in the field wanting to retain Judge Durand. According to Le Parisien, she opposed a flagship measure of the Ciivise, making it compulsory to report sexual violence against children by doctors.
Following a complaint for "sexual assault by a person abusing the authority conferred on them by their position", she resigned from the leadership of the Ciivise on 7 February 2024. Caroline Rey-Salmon “disputes all of the accusations against her”
Works
* with Marc Dupont, L'Enfant, l'adolescent à l'hôpital, éditions Lamarre-Poinat, 21 novembre 2002, 589 p. (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>508).
* with Catherine Adamsbaum, Maltraitance chez l'enfant, éditions Lavoisier, 2 octobre 2013, 230 p. (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>773).
* with Marc Dupont, L'enfant et l'adolescent à l'hôpital : Règles et recommandations applicables aux mineurs, EHESP, 4 juin 2014, 464 p. (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>500). | WIKI |
User:Luis Muñoz Music Composer/sandbox
Luis Muñoz is a composer, musician, percussionist from San José, Costa Rica.
Awards 3 Times ACAM Winner, Best Latin Jazz CD of the year by jazz review.com | WIKI |
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PerlMonks
regexp golf - homework
by Boots111 (Hermit)
on Feb 02, 2002 at 19:14 UTC ( #142950=perlquestion: print w/replies, xml ) Need Help??
Boots111 has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:
Monks~
Let me first start by admitting that this was a homework problem I had. All the same, I am curious to see what kind of solutions can be had here because I have yet to come up with any.
The problem:
"Write a regular expression that matches all strings of digits with no repeated digit"
Thus 01534 would pass, and 01034 would fail.
I figured that the easiest way to do this would be to start with a restricted alphabet {0,1,2,3} for example. I also decided to require that all four numbers show up (since simply adding ?'s everywhere would allow fewer numbers)
/
(0(1(23|32)|2(13|31)|3(12|21))
|1(0(23|32)|2(03|30)|3(02|20))
|2(0(13|31)|1(03|30)|3(01|10))
|3(0(12|21)|1(02|20)|2(01|10))
)/
Solves this problem, but only slightly more easily than brute force.
As you might guess, this solution does not scale well to the 10 digit case... (actually it is about 17 megs...)
My next thought was to combine some of these cases:
/
((01|10)(23|32)
|(02|20)(13|31)
|(03|30)(12|21)
|(12|21)(03|30)
|(13|31)(02|20)
|(23|32)(01|10)
)/
The first solution has 121 characters and the second 91; I think that the second might scale to the 10 digit case more easily too.
Oh yeah! I forgot about the cruelest part of all. You are restricted to the "basic" regexp operators (),?,|,* and no others.
My impulse here is to think that there is some trade off between allowing the |'s to expand and just brute forcing all cases. My intuitition as a math major is to say that 3 is the sacred number afterwhich the brute force is no longer the better option. But I have not bothered with any sort of justification of that.
Good luck,
Matt
Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re (tilly) 1: regexp golf - homework
by tilly (Archbishop) on Feb 02, 2002 at 22:50 UTC
particle's answering of the exact reverse of your question notwithstanding, this problem is impossible to solve without at least adding in anchors.
With anchors you are able to solve it, and your second try is on the right path. What you want to do is split the problem into 252 divisions of the digits into subsets of 5 and 5, take each subset and split it into subsets of 2 and 3, then list combinations of those to get something that will match all digits in any order. Add ?s to take into account missing digits.
The main point of an exercise like this is to demonstrate that there are simple problems which REs are a very bad fit for. This is important to understand because far too often people get into the frame of mind that, "Oh, I will just use an RE for this!" and then they have two problems instead of one.
Incidentally this is very easy to solve with negative lookaheads, but that fact merely obscures the underlying point. Adding features to an RE engine extends what you can do with it, but doesn't address the fact that many tasks are just a bad fit for doing with REs.
Ah Hah! Thanks tilly ++. Because it was described as a `homework' problem I thought I'd be able to come up with something without looking `in the back of the book'.
However after a few scribbles (and my Camel and Cookbook are at work, and I'm not) I came to a grinding halt.
Looking at particle's solution made me realise I should have been able to think it through to that type of solution and I didn't actually pick it as `breaking the rules'.
However your points are very well made... when you've got the RE `hammer' every string problem looks like a nail! Once I understood this, I looked for a different approach.
This approach would involve using a hash, splitting the string into digits, counting the unique keys and checking for any with a count (value) more than one. Now that's a homework problem I can handle 8-).
Thanks for insight. hagen
Re: regexp golf - homework
by ehdonhon (Curate) on Feb 02, 2002 at 19:35 UTC
Interesting problem, and ++ for admiting it was homework!
I'm a little stumped by this one myself. If the problem were inverted ("Write a regexp that matches strings containing matching digits"), it would be a lot easier:
/(0.*0)|(1.*1)|(2.*2)|(3.*3) ... (you get the idea)
I'm curious, do regular expressions have an equivalent of Demorgan's law in boolean expressions that allows you to invert an expression?
Best of luck to you, please let us know what you find out.
Yes, it is always possible to invert a (mathematical) regular expression. I don't know of a simple method for doing it, though. You have to convert the regex to an NFA (nondeterministic finite automaton), remove the nondeterminism to produce a DFA, switch the accepting and nonaccepting states, and then convert the DFA back to a regex. It's nasty, and it's not guaranteed to give you the "best" possible regex. Also, the DFA for this problem has 2**N+1 states, where N is the number of digits.
In the final step, converting the DFA to a regex, you have a choice as to which states you're going to prune off first. Boots111's first solution corresponds to pruning from left to right, while the second solution corresponds to working from the outside in. Extending the second solution to 10 digits would result in 252 branches in the top-level parenthesis group, and each of those branches would contain the solutions to two different 5-digit problems. Ick.
particle has a good idea of using backreferences. Those don't exist in "mathematical" regular expressions. The person who posed the problem might think of them as extended operators, in which case they wouldn't be allowed here. Not for me to say.
Re: (GOLF) - multiple digit finder regex - 17 chars
by particle (Vicar) on Feb 02, 2002 at 21:38 UTC
it's not as difficult as you may think. the regex looks like this: /.*?([0-9]).*?\1/. including the brackets, it's 17 characters long! here's the full program:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w use strict; $|++; my @numlist; push @numlist, int(rand 100000) for 1..10; for(@numlist) { next if /^$/; /.*?([0-9]).*?\1/ ? print "$_\tmultiple $1\n" : print "$_\tsingle\ +n"; }
i generated a list of random five digit numbers to feed the regex. here's a breakdown of the regex:
.*? i match zero or more characters, non-greedily
([0..9]) match numbers 0..9, save in \1
.*? again match zero or more characters, non-greedily
\1 find the next instance of the character in \1 *
*what's most interesting about this, is that $1 does not work in place of \1. instead, on my perl 5.6.1 install, it warns with:
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at test_matc +h1.pl line 10. Nested quantifiers before HERE mark in regex m/.*?([0-9]).*?+ << HERE +/ at test_match1.pl line 10.
by the way, there's nothing to stop this from working with letters, as well. just change 0..9 and you're on your set.
enjoy!
Update: i see the error of my ways. tilly's right (below). i solved the exact opposite of the problem, which was pretty easy! whoops!
~Particle
It is nice, but it broke the rules :^( The post says no characters other then (),?,|,* this rules out the character class [] I believe. Some body please correct me if I am wrong. My own version that breaks the rules by using \d and not using the regex itself for success, but still a fun brain exercise is this:
S:while(<DATA>){%d=();while(/(\d)/g){if($d{$1}) {print "DUP: $1 in $_";next S}$d{$1}=1}} __DATA__ 12345 012345 894376 3885437 98374 30924 03284098325 094385098432 74362 876543 4456789
/.*?([0-9]).*?\1/
*what's most interesting about this, is that $1 does not work in place of \1.
Well, of course! $1 and \1 mean different things. When $1 is used in a regex, its value is interpolated as the regex is compiled, just like any other variable. For example:
'b' =~ /(.)/; print "Yup!\n" if 'ab' =~ /(.)$1/;
prints Yup! because $1 holds 'b' from the first match and the second regex is compiled as /(.).*c/.
\1, on the other hand, is special regex syntax, and matches the same thing that was matched by the first capturing group in the current regex.
'b' =~ /(.)/; print "Yup!\n" if 'ab' =~ /(.)\1/;
does not print Yup!, because \1 wants to match an 'a'.
(\1 on the right hand side of a substitution, with the same meaning as $1, has been deprecated for quite some time.)
Update: Fixed the explanation; an earlier revision of the example used 'c' instead of 'b'.
(\1 on the right hand side of a substitution, with the same meaning as $1, has been deprecated for quite some time.)
yeah. that's how i was used to seeing \1. from people learning perl who are used to vi, ex, etc. on the right hand side, it's a no-no.
although, there's a problem with the explanation of your first example. $1 can't hold 'c', it's nowhere to be found. but i understand the difference now. docs are good.
~Particle
I think that solving the opposite porblem means solving the original problem. Just filter the input using /\d+/ to insure that they are composed by only digits. Then, solve the problem in the opposite way.
Re: regexp golf - homework
by Ido (Hermit) on Feb 02, 2002 at 21:28 UTC
It doesn't really answer the question, but if you could use (??{}), this would do it:
/^((??{'[^\D'.join('',@c,push @c,$1).']'}))*$/
Re: regexp golf - homework
by LanX (Chancellor) on Dec 11, 2012 at 06:45 UTC
Ehm ... what am I missing here? like IMHO just searching for a repeated digit like with /(\d).*\1/ and inverting the result should do.
DB<111> print $_ !~ /(\d).*\1/ ? "$_ ok\n" :"$_ has <$1>\n" for qw/0 +12 0102 01233/ 012 ok 0102 has <0> 01233 has <3>
Cheers Rolf
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Talk:Honda CB1000R
November 2009
Are there any guidelines regarding the designations for these bikes? The CB900F Hornet keeps having it's name changed in this article to the 919, which is a US only designation. Since the CB1000R is not available in the US, and I gather there are no plans to either, is it really acceptable to do so? Personally I believe not Antnee (talk) 00:39, 15 November 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Sourdough Mountains
Renaming to Sourdough Ridge
Every source I have, from USGS GNIS to various maps, call this Sourdough Ridge, not Sourdough Mountains. Changing accordingly. Pfly (talk) 17:19, 5 September 2009 (UTC)
* Nevermind, I was wrong. The USGS GNIS "Sourdough Ridge" is nowhere near Mount Rainier. Changed back. Pfly (talk) 02:48, 7 September 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
6 Replies Latest reply on Jul 18, 2007 8:32 AM by Manik Surtani
JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Manik Surtani Master
The current (1.4.x and 2.0.0) versions of JBoss Cache used hand-wired interceptor chains to apply aspects to the underlying data structure. E.g., a put() call on the cache would:
1) Use a Method representing an internal equivalent of put(), and pass this along with parameters (wrapped in a MethodCall object) up an interceptor chain.
2) The interceptor chain would apply an aspect to the call and pass the call up.
3) The final interceptor would use reflection and invoke the MethodCall on the cache again.
I think there is good cause to replace this with a more sophisticated AOP framework:
1) Writing/maintaining our own interceptor handling code is unnecessary and boiler-plate
2) An AOP fwk would mean that the interceptors can be applied to other objects as well, not just Cache (e.g., Node)
3) We can do away with the myriad of public "internal" method counterparts to public API methods on the cache - as these are otherwise open to misuse.
4) Allow for end users to add their own aspects (*)
(*) This may not be a good thing.
The criteria I need to think about when picking an AOP framework are:
1) Efficiency - our use case of the fwk is not a complex one. The fwk should be able to handle this very efficiently.
2) Bloat - footprint should be small and not bring in (too big) a chain of dependencies.
3) Readability/maintainability/debuggability - this is part of the reason I want to move away from the current design in the first place.
I haven't spent a whole lot of time evaluating frameworks yet, and hence this thread to discuss the pros and cons of various frameworks/approaches out there - including the "don't change the current setup" approach.
Cheers,
Manik
• 1. Re: JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Master
You want also to be sure that JBoss AOP offers a public API that will not change over time.
• 2. Re: JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Adrian Brock Master
Of course you should use JBoss AOP. I can think of a number of reaons,
but probably the most compelling for you (and me but more importantly users :-) are:
1) If you have problems it is relatively trivial to get a fix/resolution in a "one stop shop"
at jboss.org
2) A user doesn't need to understand two sets of configuration to configure JBoss Cache
with other JBoss AOP usage in the same application (e.g. JBoss AS)
3) It's possible to use JBoss AOP without any "weaving" (either compile time
or load time) with the JBoss AOP proxy
e.g. the JCA prototype does exactly what you are doing (implement a project
using AOP for the design) but adds the AOP "on the fly" without any special help
from the classloading.
4) JBoss AOP works. Its unlikely that your own handwritten framework
has had the same amount of exposure to testing. It almost certainly contains more
bugs. :-)
5) Aspects written for other projects are usuable in your project (and vice versa)
6) There are some interesting features in the JBoss AOP/MC integration
that are not available anywhere else. One trivial example is the
"bind my object into JMX".
@JMX
public class CacheImpl {}
Whether it actually does bind it into JMX is dependent not upon you
writing code to do this, but adding the aspect to the aop config to say
what the annotation @JMX means.
No such aspect means there is no binding, and you can choose
what the implementation of the aspect is according the environment.
But there are other more interesting examples, such as proper
dependency management of aspects applied to a bean, e.g.
@Tx(TxAttribute.REQUIRED)
public class MyClass {}
But @Tx introduces the transaction demaraction aspect
which has a dependency on the transaction manager
@Aspect
public class TransactionDemarcation
{
@Inject
public void setTransactionManager(TransactionManager tm) {}
public Object invoke(Invocation) throws Throwable {}
}
Only with JBoss AOP/MC does this transient dependency get recognised
and properly resolved, i.e. MyClass won't be installed until
TransactionDemarcation is installed which in turn requires the TransactionManager
installed.
• 3. Re: JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Bill Burke Master
downsides to JBoss AOP:
* sometimes difficult to diagnose problems as not much work has been put into the pointcut interpreter.
* Runtime is 1M JBoss AOP + Javassist.
• 4. Re: JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Manik Surtani Master
After Kabir's AOP/MC integration presentation yesterday I'm somewhat more convinced of this approach, but a few things still do concern me:
1) JAR dependency explosion
2) Memory/performance footprint
How do other projects deal with the above? Do they just "live with it"? Can 1) be mitigated based on a limited use case such as mine?
Regarding 2), how does this compare with competing frameworks?
• 5. Re: JBossCache 2.1.0 - AOP framework
Kabir Khan Master
Don't you need the AOP jars for POJO Cache anyway? Or are you doing separate downloads for POJO and Plain Cache?
4) Allow for end users to add their own aspects (*)
(*) This may not be a good thing.
I have some vague ideas for a "locked" configuration of aspects for particular joinpoints | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Knowing the whats and whys of your body chemistry can make you become a fitter, more active person
By Olivia Estrada |Photo by Element5 Digital/Unsplash
Despite the body pains and fatigue, exercise helps you feel good at a base level. The physical activity makes the hormones in your body go into overdrive. They are released according to what your body needs.
Each of the hormones are produced according to how you treat your body before, during, and after exercise. For example, The Path explains how insulin is produced when you consume carbohydrates before a workout. This is because insulin assists the body in absorbing the glucose or sugar found in carbohydrates. If you exercise to lose weight, you need to decrease your sugar intake and insulin levels in your body so your exercise will be powered by fats instead of sugar.
Another hormone that increases while you work out is irisin. Irisin is a hormone that transforms white fat cells into brown fat cells. According to Fitness Peak, brown fat cells burn energy as opposed to simply storing it. The more irisin you have, the more brown fat cells can fuel your workout and break down the stored fats in your body.
Other hormones do more than burn energy and fat. Endorphins give you that “runner’s high,” which helps you ignore the aches and pains that occur during a sweat session. This is helpful when the workout is challenging and utilizes parts of the body that often get attention.
Irisin is a hormone that transforms white fat cells into brown fat cells. Brown fat cells burn energy as opposed to simply storing it. The more irisin you have, the more brown fat cells can fuel your workout and break down the stored fats in your body
When it comes to the smile that forms on your face as you reach the end of your spinning class, it’s not the sheer euphoria that caused it. When you exercise, the brain releases dopamine. This hormone is usually associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure. It is also produced during core, quads, thighs, and pelvic muscle exercises as the hormone is associated with orgasms as well.
But all of these hormones are temporary and can stop once your throw in the towel. This is where regular exercise is vital. Having a routine increases your overall seratonin production. This hormone maintains a constant presence in the active body when you are disciplined with your exercise schedule.
It’s why you sleep better and how you have more energy and a clearer head—all of which contribute to motivating you to do more as you keep up with your schedule. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Europeafter815.djvu/186
usufructs to the police and incomes to the lady patrons. The principal activities of a Supper Club are (1) drinking; (2) dancing; (3) wooing.
There you have it. In the Astor Club (or is it the Palm Club? Or has the name been changed since spring?) one finds the higher type of nocturnal rounder. Evening clothes are obligatory for all. Champagne and expensive wines constitute the only beverages served. The orchestra is composed of very creditable musicians; and the lady patrons, chosen by the management by standards of pulchritude rather than of social standing, are attestations to the good taste of the corpulent and amiable Signor Bolis, owner and director. The men whose money pours into the Signor's coffers are obviously drawn from the better class of English society—clean-cut, clean-shaven youths; slick and pompous army officers; prosperous-looking middle-aged men who, even at a supper club, drop but little of their genteel | WIKI |
Berker Yüceer Berker Yüceer - 4 months ago 38
C# Question
How to implement and do OCR in a C# project?
Possible Duplicate:
Any open source C# OCR library?
I ve been searching for a while and all that i ve seen some OCR library requests. I would like to know how to implement the purest, easy to install and use OCR library with detailed info for installation into a C# project.
If posible, I just wanna implement it like a usual dll reference...
Example:
using org.pdfbox.pdmodel;
using org.pdfbox.util;
Also a little OCR code example would be nice, such as:
public string OCRFromBitmap(Bitmap Bmp)
{
Bmp.Save(temppath, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff);
string OcrResult = Analyze(temppath);
File.Delete(temppath);
return OcrResult;
}
So please consider that I'm not familiar to OCR projects and give me an answer like talking to a dummy.
Edit:
I guess people misunderstood my request. I wanted to know how to implement those open source OCR libraries to a C# project and how to use them. The link given as dup is not giving answers that I requested at all.
Answer
Here's one: (check out http://hongouru.blogspot.ie/2011/09/c-ocr-optical-character-recognition.html or http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/41709/How-To-Use-Office-2007-OCR-Using-C for more info)
using MODI;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
DocumentClass myDoc = new DocumentClass();
myDoc.Create(@"theDocumentName.tiff"); //we work with the .tiff extension
myDoc.OCR(MiLANGUAGES.miLANG_ENGLISH, true, true);
foreach (Image anImage in myDoc.Images)
{
Console.WriteLine(anImage.Layout.Text); //here we cout to the console.
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Laandhar
Laandhar is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Sajiseelam and starring Vidharth and Swetha Dorothy. The film was released to negative reviews.
Cast
* Vidharth as ACP S. Aravinth
* Swetha Dorothy as Jaanu
* Vibin as Nakul
* Sahana as Manju
* Pasupathi Raj
* Gajaraj
Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. S. Prraveen.
Reception
A critic from The Times of India rated the film two out of five and wrote that "In the end, Laandhar is a predictable thriller that fails to break new ground but offers some entertainment with its straightforward approach". A critic from The New Indian Express rated the film two out of five and wrote that "Laandhar fails to leverage the strength of the premise, and the amateur writing debilitates the few positives". A critic from Times Now wrote that "This Laandhar, which refers to a lantern, isn’t shining bright. In all, it is a poorly crafted cop story that fails to make an impression". | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Reliable sources/Archive 55
"Reliable Sources" are given too much power through Wikipedia Policy
Here is the discussion that brought me to this talk page. The point I'm trying to make is, sites on the list of reliable sources don't always put out accurate information. More importantly, they may inject their opinions into the information they put out. However, from what I've been told, according to Wikipedia policy, anything that these sources say can be posted on Wikipedia as reliable information, regardless of how incorrect it may be (see the link I provided for an example of "reliable sources" spreading misinformation.) This is clearly a flaw in policy, as Wikipedia's mission is to provide fact-based information. I propose a change. Change the policy, so that only verifiable facts can be pulled from RS, and opinions/beliefs must be clearly indicated (i.e. instead of reading, "The sun is green" it would read, "Mainstream news sources claim that the sun is green") <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:37, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* You don't understand Wikipedia. The only way this place is able to function at all is by putting authority in reliable sources rather than in what anonymous editors think. See also WP:Verifiability not truth. But yes, sources must be accurately summarized, and if something is opinion it can be only used for good reason, and with attribution. This guideline discusses that as do the various policies - see WP:OR, WP:NPOV, and WP:V. Jytdog (talk) 05:05, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Concur with above. It looks like your real dispute is with WP:V, WP:NPOV, and WP:NOR. Too bad. Those are non-negotiable core policies of the Wikipedia project. Editors who fail to conform their edits to those policies don't remain editors for long. Reliable sources have more formal publication processes --- that's how they're distinguished from unreliable ones --- and as a result, they are often slow to correct themselves, even when they publish clearly incorrect information.
* For example, I was irritated to realize after the fact that an article I had cited to had incorrectly stated that the balcony scenes at the operations center in the Westworld TV series were filmed at the Pacific Design Center in West Hollywood. (Other scenes in the operations center were filmed there, but not the balcony scenes.) Unfortunately, that was the only article available at the time that discussed where those particular scenes were filmed. And the fan Web sites that posted the correct information could not be cited under WP:RS. A few months later, I discovered an article published by the magazine of the local cinematographers' union that correctly indicated that the balcony scenes were filmed at the Skirball Cultural Center. At that time, I was able to add a citation to that article and thereby correct the Westworld article.
* That lag behind reality that results from Wikipedia core policies can be intensely frustrating at times, but the test of time has shown that it is the only way to keep a user-edited encyclopedia from being overrun by pure fiction and misinformation. --Coolcaesar (talk) 05:14, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* You're right in the sense that I'm unfamiliar with the specifics of Wikipedia's editing policy. But I can tell you, I've used Wikipedia as a source of information for many years, and I never thought I'd see one-sided opinions presented as reliable information. Wikipedia was always a neutral point-of-view, but recently I've seen a shift toward opinion-based writing, and editors are using these "reliable sources" as a way to justify the spread of misinformation. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:29, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks, Coolcaesar; those are good things to know. Of course I figured the policy had a good meaning behind it, but I wanted to at least address the flaws I've been noticing. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:48, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* The problem with what you're saying is that it's wrong: Wikipedia doesn't treat all generally reliable sources as if they are 100% accurate, 100% of the time. Ideally, we will take multiple reliable sources which covered the same subject from the same perspective (by 'perspective', I mean for example: articles which endeavor to lay out all the facts and claims about Pizzagate; articles which endeavor to show the impact Pizzagate has had on the public or articles which endeavor to show the impact Pizzagate has had on the people involved) and only state as fact claims which they have all made, or at best, claims which the majority have made and the remainder not disagreed with. In the case of Pizzagate, all reliable sources written about it from the perspective of addressing the truthfulness of the accusations has concluded that they are untrue and have been debunked, so we report them as untrue and having been debunked.
* In many situations, we take into account things like the political positions of the source, the date and time of the creation of the source, the level of investigative work put into the source, etc. Even with peer-reviewed scientific papers, we look at things like sample size, authorship, publication details, experiment structure, controls and many other aspects. We use what we can discern of those things to inform our judgement as to what parts of the source are reliable for what claims, and in what ways. There are a large number of academic papers published showing that, for example, acupuncture is 100% effective in treating every condition it was tested for, in 100% of patients, with an incredible difference from placebo in terms of effect size. But we don't report this as fact, even though "peer-reviewed, published scientific papers" are a group of sources we consider generally reliable. Why? Because these studies stem from locations in which bad science runs rampant. Because these studies are poorly structured, with small sample sizes. Because these structures disagree with more well-structured studies showing no difference between acupuncture and placebo.
* We do not ever (well, I'm sure some editors do, but they shouldn't) declare a specific source, such as NPR to be reliable and then take everything they say as the gospel truth. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 14:42, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* This is ideal, but I have seen several cases of the exact opposite, particularly with anything in the current left-right political bickering. I've seen several cases of BLP/N posts where because a predominate number of RSes have opted to label a right-leaning person as "white supremacist" despite the person having declared otherwise or other contrary statements from others, that that leads editors to have WP say, factually, the person is a white supremacist. Editors frequency use RS policy as well ad WEIGHT and UNDUE to eliminate discussion of contrary viewpoints that may not be covered in RSes, or more often in cases its reasonable easy to see that the RSes are engaging in opinionated journalism and not objectively covering all reasonable viewpoints. If we were doing this right, we'd be able to have discussions that compare what RSes are saying to the situation at large, and figure out how to write about what the RSes say to stay within WP:V but without allowed the weight of their opinion to take over and violate NPOV (eg, the concepts of what is in WP:YESPOV). But editors frequently love to shut out that type of discussion, and go "if it is in RSes, it must be fact; if RSes don't mention it, it can't be true". This closed-mindedness leads to echo chamber formation and walled gardens for some of our articles. I know we can't go "but the truth is..." with unreliable sources, but we can at least avoid excessive coverage of a seemingly uncontested opinion and tempering statements from RSes that seem contentious as attributed claims rather than stating them as facts in WP's voice. --M ASEM (t) 15:01, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I've seen several cases of BLP/N posts where because a predominate number of RSes have opted to label a right-leaning person as "white supremacist" despite the person having declared otherwise "White supremacist" is a label that can be quite contentious. In common parlance, it is even often used as an insult. This example actually evinces my point: Normally, a person would be the absolute best, most reliable source for what their views are. But when there is strong evidence that they misrepresent what their views are when questioned about them, we go with the views that have the best evidence. The fact that a person can simultaneously understand that "white supremacist" is a bad thing, yet still hold white supremacists views might seem ridiculous until you consider that all people understand that "self-centered and arrogant" is a bad thing, yet many people have self-centered and arrogant views. Such people who deny their white supremacist views don't think of themselves as white supremacist, they generally think of themselves (and often refer to themselves) as 'race realists'. Of course, the problem is that the 'evidence' they cite to support their 'realist' views is generally false and strongly biased towards white people (a nebulous enough term as it is) being superior. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:27, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I don't disagree that a person can deny they are a white supremacist, and at the same time the bulk of RS sources call them a white supremacist due to actions. That's completely acceptable and identifies a controversy. The problem that I've seen at BLP/N is that editors argue that because the bulk of RS sources call that person a white supremacist and none reflect on the counterclaims, then (by this argument) there is no controversy and we should call that person factually in WP's voice as one. That should not be happening if we are being neutral if we're simply trying to document a situation. We can fairly acknowledge a predominate number of sources call that person a supremacist as a attributed claim, per WP:YESPOV, and should include where the person has countered that label also as an attributed claim. This is part of documenting the controversy, which requires more care when the media itself engages in the controversy. (This would not be an issue for a truly objective media but that doesn't exist anymore). This is the types of problems that currently exist across the board because editors want to shut down discussion to anything that is not contained within RSes. --M ASEM (t) 01:07, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* To address more of the OP: I would suggest that the trend you have been seeing is not an artifact of Wikipedia changing it's methods, but of the public POV shifting towards one in which political polarization is broader and more common. Many of the things you see as opinion are not, actually opinions. One example of this is 'pseudoscience'. Numerous editors have opined that referring to something as pseudoscience is an opinion, and as such should be struck from WP. But 'pseudoscience' has a very clear definition. If a subject 1) pretends to be science, and 2) doesn't actually use the scientific method, then it's pseudoscience. Intelligent design is the ur-example of pseudoscience, because it takes creationism (a theological belief) and wraps it in the language and pretenses of science. It's not actually scientific (the fundamental postulate is unfalsifiable), but it clearly pretends to be.
* Another thing worth pointing out is that WP itself IS NOT A RELIABLE SOURCE. WP makes no claims about being reliable, and should not be used as a reference in any professional capacity. WP is intended as a compendium of human knowledge that can provide a quick look into any subject, and give you a place to begin learning about it. It's not intended to be the definitive arbitrator of facts. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 14:55, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* "Wikipedia doesn't treat all generally reliable sources as if they are 100% accurate" From what I've gathered, even incorrect information from RS can be posted to Wikipedia as reliable information. My point is, that policy could only work if reliable sources were 100% accurate, which of course, they are not. I'm not saying you, or other editors, take everything from RS as fact. I'm saying Wikipedia policy is based around that idea. Which is undeniably true. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:03, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I've just explained how WP works with respect to that. We don't treat all generally reliable sources as if they were 100% accurate, 100% of the time. Nor does our policy permit it (I would like to point out that WP:IAR is a policy page, not a guideline). ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:27, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Your intelligent design example is irrelevant. I've seen clear-cut opinions that can be easily debunked posted on Wikipedia. You would be a liar to say that these opinions are not "actually opinions" <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:15, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* So you say, but you provide no examples so.... Who's the liar, again? ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:27, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* And I've just explained that according to WP policy, incorrect information from RS can be posted. Therefore, the policy will only work to provide correct information if the sources are correct 100% of the time. Of course WP policy doesn't openly state that everything taken from RS is taken as 100% accurate, but it's implied through the policy. Do you understand?
* There is an example at the top of my original post. To claim that Infowars is fake news is an opinion, no matter how you define fake news. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:33, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* You have "explained" nothing that I haven't specifically addressed. You claim that incorrect information from reliable sources can be free posted in the face my explanation that we do all we can to avoid this. Can it happen? Yes. But unreliable information can be posted from unreliable sources. Articles can have their entire contents replaced with "my lil brudda luvs big black dick". Just because something can happen doesn't mean that WP is okay with it happened. This is the reason we have editors, rather than simply having bots that aggregate RSes; for our editors to actually use their best judgement to weed out unreliable sources and inaccurate claims from reliable sources. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:00, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Okay, I see what you mean, but correct me if I'm wrong. The whole point of having a list of approved sources is so that Anonymous editors don't have the power to decide what is reliable and what isn't. But that power is exactly what they are given when they are allowed to decide which information from the sources is reliable or not. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:33, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* There is no list of approved sources, and sources which are generally considered reliable can be rejected for certain usages. The basis for all of this is community consensus: if the majority of editors agree that a source is reliable for a claim, we will treat it as such. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:52, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* That completely defeats the purpose of having sources at all, if Anonymous editors can simply decide which sources are reliable. The policy is clearly flawed if I'm seeing inaccurate information on Wikipedia pages. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 17:01, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* In case you haven't noticed, we are not the Encyclopedia Britannica. We are Wikipedia, and we have staked our mission on the hypothesis that a large number of dedicated editors working together can prove to be just as accurate as a handful of paid experts being consulted by an encyclopedia staff. Also, we only have your own assertion that you have found inaccurate information. I could just as easily suggest that you have found accurate information which you are ideologically opposed to accepting as true. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 17:10, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* See my post below, "The burden of proof does not rest on me to disprove something posted on Wikipedia. The editor made the claim that Infowars is fake news, and it's their burden to prove such a claim. They have not provided sufficient evidence that Infowars is fake news." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:17, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* The burden of proof does not rest on me to disprove something posted on Wikipedia. When you disagree with reliable sources it absolutely does. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 18:02, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
The problem is that wp:ver & wp:RS overemphasize some reliable source metrics, and are missing others such as: As a result, actually-reliable sources are often excluded, and sources that are un-reliable with respect to the topic at hand often considered "reliable sources" North8000 (talk) 15:45, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* competence / expertise with respect to the topic / statement that cited them
* objectivity with respect to the topic / statement that cited them
* WP:RS actually addresses both of these things explicitly. I'm not sure why you think we're missing those criteria. WP:SELFPUB explicitly states that acknowledged experts writing on a subject can be cited, regardless of how they're published. The issue of neutrality is addressed in WP:WPNOTRS, where secondary sources are defined as having characteristics of neutrality. WP:SECONDARY addresses this further. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:00, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* IMHO it is still very weak on the two points I listed. For example, the section on biased sources at first blush seems to say the opposite. It makes a valid point that biased sources can contain useful or reliable material, but in making only that point, it seems to say the opposite of "objectivity with respect to the topic / statement that cited them" North8000 (talk) 16:32, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* IMHO it is still very weak on the two points I listed. I think I agree with that much, however you missed my point about the bias: one of the major reasons we require secondary sources is to avoid bias. We don't let the subjects of BLPs edit their own articles (as a rule), for example. That being said, I can agree that we should spend more time comparing the expertise of different, nominally reliable sources, and taking the POV of sources into account when determining their reliability for a specific claim. For example, I find the Huffington Post to be generally reliable for political news, but I would read anything they said about right-wing politicians very closely and double check some claims before using them to support a claim about a right-wing politician. Other editors don't seem nearly as inclined to do so, though I wish there were a policy I could point to that says something like "Sources with a widely-recognized POV should be given less weight in discussions about their reliability for claims which fall under the purview of their POV than sources with no widely-recognized POV or sources whose widely-recognized POV does not encompass the claims in question." ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:48, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I agree. I think that a part of the solution is structural.....i.e. "with respect to the item which is citing it". I think that this concept is generally included in your post, but I think that a good answer is at a more specific level...objectivity and competence on the exact statement which is citing it. For example, a biased source meeting the most prominent wp:rs criteria may have accurate, objective researched information on John Smith in one paragraph (and be a good rs for an article statement on that) and then in the next sentence say "John Smith is a XYZ" where "XYZ" is a negative very subjective term. My "more specific" idea would be that the source is not reliable as a reference for a "John Smith is a XYZ" statement in a WP article. North8000 (talk) 17:20, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* This is obviously breaking some local speed limit in how fast it's going no where, and it may be best to start winding things down before someone gets a ticket. The chances of us changing RS guidelines to be more fair to Pizzagate or Infowars is somewhere between zero and no. I don't think anyone is going to try to assert that even the most reliable sources don't occasionally make mistakes. That is what being reliable means: you have demonstrated a systemic reputation for making comparatively little mistakes...not none at all.
* If someone thinks we're being unfair to their pet theory or pet "news" outlet, too bad. We're not overhauling the project to keep a few precious snowflakes from melting. If they don't like it, Conservapedia is that way, and I'm sure they'll be more even handed with whole thing than the stuck-up godless liberals around these parts. Timothy Joseph Wood 16:02, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I don't even watch Infowars. But as I've stated, I expect a neutral point-of-view when I come to Wikipedia. That is my only problem with the policy. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:15, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* There are people here having a good faith discussion for the good of Wikipedia who should not be receiving the accusations that Timothyjosephwood is making. North8000 (talk) 16:17, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* To be fair, there's nothing stopping you and I (who seem to be having a reasonable discussion) from continuing in a new thread. The issue seems to be that the IP editor has what appears to be a very clear mistrust of mainstream media, and whose views align with those who tend to think Infowars is reliable (fake or not; it's completely unreliable) and that Pizzagate is true. Whether that is the case or whether it seems to be the case, the arguments being presented have been addressed reasonably, but those responses have -for the most part- been rejected in favor of repeating the initial claims. That's a hallmark of a discussion that's not going anywhere. Note: The text in red was added after I saw that the initial statement I made was inaccurate. I believe the red text makes it accurate. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:48, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I don't appreciate those accusations. For the record, I don't think that Pizzagate is true, and I do trust mainstream media, but when the MSM makes an opinion, I don't believe it should be posted on Wikipedia as reliable information. Please try to portray my views in a fairer light. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:54, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Sorry bud, but this is a fairly transparent attempt to conflate as "mainstream news" with "reliable source," and the entire conversation could be summarized as: go and actually read our policy on WP:RS, before you start a conversation trying to change it, because literally every point that has been brought up is already addressed in the policy. Timothy Joseph Wood 17:00, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* If you look at the example I provided, you'll see that the only "reliable sources" provided are mainstream news sites, and the information provided was inaccurate. The policy is flawed. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:06, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* The only evidence we have that the information is incorrect is your assertion. I might remind you that you, yourself have just criticized the ability of anonymous editors to accurately reflect reality. I would suggest that you should stop forgetting that you are one of these anonymous editors. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 17:10, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* The burden of proof does not rest on me to disprove something posted on Wikipedia. The editor made the claim that Infowars is fake news, and it's their burden to prove such a claim. They have not provided sufficient evidence that Infowars is fake news. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:13, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* the only "reliable sources" provided are mainstream news sites ...and there is nothing wrong with that. It is not a bug; it's a feature. Timothy Joseph Wood 17:29, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* So you're okay with misinformation being posted on Wikipedia, as long as it comes from the MSM? Good to know. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:34, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Wikipedia is grounded in the real world; if you live in a world where infowars is real news and the NYT is fake news, Wikipedia is not the place for you. This thread will be closed soon. Jytdog (talk) 17:37, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* I never made such claims. Please do not portray my arguments dishonestly. In the real world, news stations have their own opinions that don't belong on an objective encyclopedia. If you believe that it's okay for Wikipedia to have misinformation and one-sided claims, then we simply have different ideas for what Wikipedia is supposed to be. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:47, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
While "mainstream" may be an epithet in the types of circles that follow Infowars, for the rest of the world it's actually a good thing, as it is within Wikipedia, and in fact, relying on mainstream publications is mentioned thrice in WP:RS for exactly this reason. For most of the world, when an outlet like Infowars makes a habit of publishing patent nonsense, and large established mainstream outlets with longstanding reputations for fact checking and editorial oversight, make it a point to cover said nonsense, and emphasize that Infowars has no such editorial reputation, and may be depended on to publish knowing falsehoods and fake news with impunity, we cover that fact in the same manner as we cover everything else.
And yes, this should be closed, because it is a complete waste of time, in case I haven't made my opinion on that matter abundantly clear already. Timothy Joseph Wood 17:43, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* You still have not responded to my counter-argument, are you saying that I'm right? As I've stated, a reputation for accuracy does not guarantee accuracy, and we can see this when Infowars is labelled as fake news on a Wikipedia page. It's a claim with no support. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:48, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* It looks fairly well like your concerns have all been addressed already. That you fail to listen or comprehend does not constitute an obligation on anyone else's part to continue making the same points in response to the same objections. Timothy Joseph Wood 18:04, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Your counter-argument was addressed by me, explicitly and in detail in my very first comment in this thread. It's time for you to accept that this particular equine mode of transportation has been sufficiently physically chastised. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 18:06, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* You have failed to explain why it's okay to spread misinformation on Wikipedia, using WPRS as justification. If you can't address that simple point, it's clear you are just avoiding the discussion because you don't have a response. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:09, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
* Nothing guarantees accuracy. We know this. Unfortunately, the option of not using a "reputation" would be to have us here at wikipedia basically have to do an article-by-article RS review of every publication out there, including the New York Times, Washington Post, London Times, etc etc etc. We don't have the time, people, or I think inclination for that. And we have found more than some cases when sources which generally meet RS do not in specific instances. What seems to me to be the bulk of the contention here, however, is not about those sources which meet RS in general, but those which don't or which might have WEIGHT problems in some articles, particularly in comparison to some sources which do generally more clearly meet RS standards. That situation, honestly, can arise a lot. The best thing I think we can hope for there is something like WP:EVENTUALISM, which is to say, eventually we will have some highly regarded reference work which in some way deals with these topics, and then we will have a clear precedent of exactly how to deal with it. And, yes, it may well be that at that time, or maybe even before it, certain individual sources will be found to be reliable or unreliable which today are considered otherwise. Until then, though, we can probably come closest to meeting the first of our five pillars as per WP:PILLAR by basically using the sources we think are either directly or indirectly used by other encyclopedia-type reference works or which, in general, say things similar to them. That's still a long way from being perfect, but no one ever said any encyclopedia was perfect either. Having said that, if you have clear evidence of specific misinformation being spread, and exactly why it is misinformation, I think most people would be willing to address that directly. John Carter (talk) 18:10, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
No one thinks that any source is 100% reliable. No one denies that WP:IAR can be selectively used for the good of the project. So, are there any suggestions for the improvement of this guideline? Else I don't see the point of having reopened this discussion. Someguy1221 (talk) 01:01, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* Then don't participate in it. Go find a discussion you think is worthwhile. ― Mandruss ☎ 01:17, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* I presently don't have time to document what I've come to find, but core to improving this is understanding that there are RSes that are fine for including facts to meet WP:V, there are a broader set of RSes that are fine for including opinions to meet NPOV but not V, and there's the whole set of sources that are necessary to understand a controversial topic before we should be engaging in what viewpoints to present per NPOV/UNDUE, particularly if it is an ongoing topic that lacks years of understanding of what is actually going on. In otherwords, RS presently right now can be used to block discussions of how to properly document a controversy if one requires that only information from V-meeting RSes be allowed to be discussed. --M ASEM (t) 01:10, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* Brilliant summary. North8000 (talk) 04:50, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* I think that doing a logical cleanup and adding clarity to the "context matters" and "biased or opinionated sources" sections would do a lot of good. If they said with clarity and precision that it is knowlegability and objectivity with respect to the precise statement which is citing it. that would do a lot of good. For example, let's say the major respected "XYZ" newspaper with political leanings hates John Smith. If John Smith got busted for streaking on 3/31/98, they would be an objective and reliable source for a statement that such happened. If based on that they said John Smith is a pervert, they would not be objective or knowledgeable for making such an assessment, and would not be an RS for the statement "John Smith is a pervert". Sidebar: If the WP editor said "several major newspapers said that John Smith is a pervert" and cited the statements by XYZ and a few others, they are not even a source for that O/R / synthesis statement much less a RS. North8000 (talk) 18:20, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* "John Smith is a pervert" is a statement that cannot possibly be reliably sourced enough to put into wikivoice, because the definition of "pervert" is entirely subjective. To my conservative aunt, having sex in anything less than pitch black is perverted. To my neighbor, any sex which is enjoyable is perverted, and that's a good thing. To one of my ex girlfriends, an act would require feces and/or animal involvement to qualify as perverted. To my ultra-hippie friend, there's no such thing as perverted. All of them are right as far as this goes. So I'm unsure of what you're getting at; nothing you said is not covered by existing policy. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 18:45, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* John Smith is a pervert: opinion, to be attributed but not asserted in Wiki voice. John Smith is a paedophile may well be acceptable of course, if there is a judicial finding of fact. Guy (Help!) 18:49, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* That's pretty much what I said, though I described the "Why" of it rather than just the "What" and I left out the bit about the pedophile. But I agree with that. I would even go so far as to say that we could call him a pedophile if the preponderance of reliable sources do, with no reliable sources refuting it. (It's possible, for example, that he was acquitted on a technicality.) ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 19:06, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* We absolutely should not be doing that, at least in Wiki-voice. There is no harm with the qualification "Most sources consider X is a " rather than "X is a " to keep us neutral and clinically disinterested in tone. We definitely shouldn't be using the "fact in Wikivoice" if we know others (perhaps the person themselves) has said otherwise. This is a core issue, that editors see only what is in RS and take that as absolute fact, when NPOV and BLP instead tell us to use caution and report with attribution instead. --M ASEM (t) 19:11, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* If there's no reasonable doubt about a statement of fact, then saying we can't put it into wikivoice is pure politics. To be clear, I was describing a situation in which there's no reasonable doubt that John Smith is attracted to children and has at least once acted on that. If there's any reasonable doubt, then I agree. But I don't think "Has John Smith ever been convicted in a court of law?" should be the deciding factor, and I don't think "Does every source explicitly state that John Smith is a pedophile?" should, either. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 19:38, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* The "no reasonable doubt" is a fair test, as it does imply that common sense must also come into the decision, in both directions, but this guideline is used to eliminate common sense arguments: if it doesn't exist in RSes, then it doesn't exist for consideration the way I've seen editors use this guideline. And even if there are counter-views, including self-identification if we are talking labels, those views are often labeled as fringe and not worth including. All that goes against "documenting the controversy" neutrality and tone that we should be aiming for. --M ASEM (t)
* There seems to be this pervasive view with thoughtful people that the truth of any controversy lies in the middle. In the vast majority of cases, that's true. But "the middle" encompasses everything except the two extremes. In a debate between position 1 and position 100, the truth might be 50, but it might very well be 99.
* There seems to be another pervasive view among thoughtful people that one person can't possibly know the truth of a complex controversy. In many cases, that's true. But in many more cases, there are well-verified facts that can clearly establish a lot of the pivotal details of a controversy. In the same hypothetical debate I mentioned above, claims X Y and Z by position 1 can be fact checked and found false. In most cases, the logic of position 1 requires that at least one of those three claims be true, else it falls apart. The fact that claim C from position 100 was also shown to be false doesn't change the fact that the truth is still 99. It's just the reason the truth is not 100.
* There seems to be one final pervasive view among thoughtful editors here that WP cannot take sides. Well, when position 100 is almost entirely right and position 1 is entirely factually wrong, does this even make sense? Should we write our article in a way to document the controversy, and leave details to the articles about those details? Because doing things that way actively misinforms the reader. It paints the picture of a controversy where both sides were reasonable, and it just so happened that one side turned out to be right once the evidence was in. But the reality was that position 1 was completely unreasonable, disguising their true motivations and willfully deceiving the public. All of those sorts of statements are the sort to cause any editor who personally subscribes to position 1 to give serious though to crying BLP when they show up, regardless of the fact that there's no reasonable doubt that they're true.
* Taking this to a more descriptive hypothetical, take congressman Jane Doe. Jane Doe ran for office as an independent, and claims to be bipartisan. She furiously rejects claims of being right-wing, citing her lack of objections to Obergefell v. Hodges and her record of voting with Democrats on a number of bills. It seems pretty controversial to claim that she's right-wing. But critics point to her frequent tweets denouncing the hypothetical implementation of Sharia law in the US, her speeches which have been peppered with references to out-of-control government spending and overbearing regulations, and the fact that she voted for bills intended to block anti-discrimination laws from applying to homosexuals and transgendered people. Critics point to her identification as a fundamentalist Christian and her support of the "Teach the controversy" position during the Bush administration with respect to Creationism. Critics point to her regular guest appearances on radio shows hosted by Alex Jones and Rush Limbaugh, and the fawning treatment she gets from Fox News, Breitbart News and Infowars. But she brushes all these things off as either the result of her "careful deliberation of these sensitive issues" or as guilt-by-association arguments.
* So should we document that controversy? It's certainly controversial, as there are no shortage of "Doe for Congress" supporters out there willing to evangelize about how progressive she is, contrary to the "lies" being perpetrated by the "lamestream media". I'm of the opinion that WP should say "Jane Doe is right-wing and likes to lie about it" because that's the verifiable truth. I do not want to be a part of an encyclopedia that says "Jane Doe's political position is a matter of debate" because that's straight up bullshit. That's the kind of thing Conservapedia would do. Not us. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 21:14, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* There's a different way of saying "Jane Doe is right-wing and likes to lie about it" without falling too much into ambiguity (the "matter of debate") but still avoiding a factual tone, and that would be, "While Jane Doe argues she is bipartisan, numerous commentators including X, Y, and Z, describe her voting record and state position on issues are firmly conservative." In that one sentence, it covers both sides, it reflects the WEIGHT aspect (establishing that with the popular opinion, the debate is over and she's that way), and keeps anything factual about what her actual position is out of WP's voice, without endorsing once side or the other. I would expect that that sentence would be followed up with more justifying details, but for a simple example, that's how we deal with this type of situation. I agree we don't want to go towards "nothing is true, everything is doubt" and need firm clear statements, but these can still be made without putting one side of a controversy in WP's voice as if it were true.
* There is another factor here, which is the time aspect. If the same situation with Jane Doe, but that was a half-century ago, and she's long since passed one, that's different, and the wording can be more affirmed to what sources have likely said since that time, the hindsight to know when an issue is fixed and no longer going to change. "Jane Doe was broadly considered as a conservative, despite her insistence she was bipartisan." We can adopt a more factual tone here, though still note the issue. If Jane Doe is still an active politican, however, that approach is definitely not appropriate. --M ASEM (t) 22:21, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* There's a different way of saying... And that way falls afoul of the "avoid stating facts as opinions" part of WP:YESPOV, even though you're not wrong about it being the preferred way (I told you I had my complaints about policy ;) ). You're taking two facts* ("Jane Doe lies about being bipartisan" and "Jane Doe is right-wing") and stating them both as the opinions of commenters. That's not accurate when the honest editors here as well as all the neutral and critical RSes are in agreement. It's as well-established a claim as can possibly be made about a person, and yet if we took your tact, we'd be pawning it off as "a lot of people think she's right-wing but she say's she's not." We're not establishing the fact that the critics who call her right-wing are objectively correct, and we're not establishing the (unavoidable*) fact that Jane Doe knows this, but denies it anyways. Note that you yourself said that your method is "...avoiding a factual tone..." even though we're discussing facts. That's politics (in the broader sense of the word) right there, instead of dedication to providing accurate, verifiable information.
* * I'm presuming that there are not a preponderance of reliable sources stating that she deliberately lies about her political views, and that we have absolutely no reason to believe that she doesn't understand the meaning of "right-wing". If the first presumption were wrong, we wouldn't change anything but my views on this make that presumption a desirable part of my hypothetical for reasons I'll get into later. If the second presumption were wrong, I would concede that "She lies about her political views" is not a statement of fact, but rather an opinion which is highly likely to be true, and thus doesn't belong in wikivoice.
* There is another factor here, which is the time aspect. I understand the BLP concerns, and while I'm not saying we should get rid of them entirely, I am saying that a situation like this hypothetical is one in which the sourcing is sufficient to make statements about her political stance in wikivoice. I just want an encyclopedia that serves the primary purpose of an encyclopedia (informing the reader). When we equivocate over stating known facts in wikivoice, we're undermining that purpose for the purpose of being perceived as apolitical, even though the goal of being apolitical in this situation would be actually served by stating the facts as facts.
* For the record, this isn't a political view of mine. For example, I'm 100% on board with WP stating in wikivoice that Bill Clinton lied his ass off during those depositions in the 90's, that the Huffington Post is a crap rag, that Bernie Sanders has no idea what it's like to make a living outside of politics and that notion that banning large capacity magazines will significantly reduce gun violence is about as valid as a Narnian passport. Maybe not in those exact words, but unequivocally nonetheless. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 23:46, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* Both statements "Jane Doe lies about being bipartisan" and "Jane Doe is right-wing" are things that cannot be 100% proven true as we have no way of affirming the intentions of an individual, and there's no type of test or authority to demonstrate that otherwise, and in both cases, some of relies on demonstrating the absence of something, which is impossible. We can only go by what actions and statements they make to judge if these are likely true statements or not; even self-identification statements cannot be considered the truth. So we can't consider either of these as "facts". What other sources think of these statements is important, but we cannot treat their assessment as factual. Yes, the hypothetical situation, there is almost no way that Jane Doe can be seen as bipartisan, but that's not 100% assured and there still remains a possibility she is bipartisan in a manner she has not demonstrated. Especially when dealing with a BLP, we need to take a lot more care with wording things.
* But the other aspect here which is hinted by your hypothetical is what do other sources outside what we normally consider RS opine about Jane Doe? A core problem with this guideline is that it does not readily consider that we allow for the use of sources that are not reliable for facts like Brietbart but that would still be reliable for their opinions if they are in an appropriate authority for that topic. In the hypothetical, what if we have the likes of Brietbart calling her a bipartisan politician, and they regularly repeat her self-statements about being such and/or denies she lies about being right-right? In the harsh interpretation of this current policy, those sources don't exist or cannot be considered, and thus the view we get is skewed to one side and being stated as fact. But realistically we need to consider these other sources, recognizing they are probably in the minority (and likely viewed in a similar manner by the other normal RSes as Doe is), but that they are a proper opinion to consider here.
* Basically, here, the situation becomes so complex that it is far better to fall back to just documenting the controversy, specifically the claims made, rather than trying to declare one side the "right" one, since it will be impossible to prove, and it keeps our tone clinically neutral.
* Also, and this is a much longer discussion on how we got here (which I've got written out but haven't included yet), but compared to when these guidelines were made, there are far fewer "neutral", or more properly "objective" sources to evaluate these types of statements. The media has drastically shifted over the last 5-some years, moreso in the last election cycle, in a manner that has dropped the pretense of objective reporting for subjective and opinionated reporting to try to draw readership and influence readers. There still are a few bastions of mostly objective RSes like the NYTimes and BBC but they are few and far between. These guidelines work great and smoothly if one presumes all RSes are reasonably objective even if they have bias, but fails hard if the sources are not objective and do not make clear distinction of subjective statements such as labels. Add that the media, on average, leans left, and you've got an implicit systematic bias that is difficult to diffuse in controversial topics with this current guideline. This is yet another reason to play caution in write about such controversial statements if they extend into the political/ideological spectrum, and consider the holistic picture. It does't harm the encyclopedia and it avoids arguments like what starting this entire thread. --M ASEM (t) 00:22, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* For example, let's say the major respected "XYZ" newspaper with political leanings hates John Smith. How do we know that XYZ hates John Smith? Surely not because they have more negative than positive coverage of Smith; it's just as likely that Smith merits more negative coverage. ― Mandruss ☎ 19:04, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* I think that better than a logical dissection would be to answer what I think is the spirit of your question and it's premise. "Does North's idea require deciding on whether or not the XYZ newspaper hates John Smith, and if so, how would that decision be made?" I think that my literal answer would be "no" on the 1st question, making the second one moot. But in practice, editor's thoughts on that aspect can enter into the discussion on whether the source is strong enough to support that particular statement. North8000 (talk) 20:32, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* In my book, the two utmost characteristics of a reliable source are (A) it checks its facts and (B) it corroborates its opinions with facts and falsifiable arguments. Under these criteria, regardless XYZ paper loves or hates Jane Doe, as long as its opinion satisfies A,B, it may be cited as reliable for a simple reason: the validity of their opinion is verifiable and not a simple badmouthing. Staszek Lem (talk) 23:25, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* The OP's point is that WP should describe "infowars" as something other than the batshit crazy, bullshit and garbage spewing fountain of nonsense that it is. What the hell are you people debating here? Jytdog (talk) 22:16, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* Please read I'm in Marsport Without Hilda (I mean the story itself, not the WP article about it :-). And then just let the free association flow. As soon as someone utters a specific suggestion on how to improve this policy, jump in. Staszek Lem (talk) 23:25, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* :) Jytdog (talk) 23:33, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* We should not be calling a site like Infowars as "batshit crazy" in WP's voice. It doesn't matter if every RS in the world calls it as such, it still is a subjective label, as it all depends on perspective; this guideline would imply otherwise to take the close-minded that if that's the only opinion on a site given in RSes, it must be true (eg that we should ignore any perspective that is not contained within RSes). It doesn't mean we can't call it "batshit crazy", but we absolutely must attribute who is saying that so that WP's voice is not stating it as a fact. --M ASEM (t) 23:41, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* It doesn't matter if every RS in the world calls it as such No...actually it does, and I'm impressed that you are arguing otherwise, because this is the standard by which all things said in WP's voice are said. Timothy Joseph Wood 23:45, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* That's the catch-22 that this guideline has. WP:RS only limits what sources we can use to cite material in mainspace, but it does not (or more properly, should not) limit wording choices, tone, and other factors about how that information is presented, the basis of WP:YESPOV. The information from the non-RS sources may never ever get into mainspace, but it can guide us properly how to write in an dispassionate, clinically neutral tone that does not endorse only one side of a debate. --M ASEM (t) 00:22, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* If every RS in the world says something, then the encyclopedia says the same. In this regard there is no nuance and there is no debate. Timothy Joseph Wood 01:18, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* No we should not call Infowars "batshit crazy" in Wikipedia voice. Yes, we can call Infowars a questionable source of information, if "every RS in the world says so" while providing verifiable facts and falsifiable arguments to corroborate this judgement. If half of sources say they are unreliable, while other say yes they are, we must mention both opinions and mention how they corroborate them. Otherwise we are falling into the fallacy of appeal to authority. I vaguely remember an anecdote that in middle ages it was taught that spiders have 6 legs because Aristotle said so (or something like that). Just the same, just WP:RS say so does not mean we must take it in its face value. But I don't see how this is related to the improvement of this policy. Staszek Lem (talk) 00:59, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* We should not call Infowars batshit crazy only because the overwhelming preponderance of reliable sources doesn't do so also. If they did, then we probably should. Timothy Joseph Wood 01:01, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Please, y'all, avoid batshit stupid examples, so that we can have a focused argument. Of course we cannot write in wikipedia that "Infowars is batshit crazy". I suspect you meant the statement "Infowars is a fake news website", is that so? Staszek Lem (talk) 01:16, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* No...exactly what I mean is that if we found ourselves in a situation where, and I'm just brainstorming here...
* The most reputable news sources in the world were publishing stories about batshit crazy, and the effect that it has had on our society and our democracy,
* Academic experts were publishing evaluations of which outlets were in fact batshit crazy and exploring the term in detail,
* The likes of Google were taking steps to remove their ads from sites deemed batshit crazy, and the likes of Facebook were being pressured to consider batshit crazy filters,
* And just for good measure, maybe even if we had the president of the US calling major news outlets batshit crazy on the floor of the White House,
* Well, then yes, we probably should start using the term on Wikipedia, not a euphemism for it, or a descriptor of it, but the actual phrase, following the sources where they lead and using the terminology they use, not whitewashing or sugarcoating it in hopes to avoid offending people who happen to find the term objectionable. I'm not speaking figuratively; I'm being literal, and that it happens to parallel reality is exactly the point. Timothy Joseph Wood 11:57, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* If all the above, then "yes". But "no" for the original sentence. The major difference between the "yes"-version and "no"-version is that the "yes"-version includes criteria which demonstrate that "batshit crazy" is a terminological descriptor of some new concept rather than simply batshitting. Or at least, if it is just an opinion, there are sources which corroborate this opinion, rather than simply badmouthing. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:56, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* As soon as someone utters a specific suggestion on how to improve this policy, jump in. Add the following to the WP:RS page in a prominent spot:
* Remember when discussing specific applications of this policy that Ignore All Rules is a policy page as well. Arguments that the specific wording -or even intent- of this policy prevent the addition of factual, verifiable information can and should be ignored.
* ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 23:55, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
* I am afraid I don't see how IAR is an argument here. Also I fail to see why it is necessary to say that this policy does not cover something without saying which policy covers it. We have other guidelines which say that not everything factual and verifiable belongs to wikipedia. Otherwise each Pizza Hut outlet and your niece's dog would have had an article or at least a paragraph. Of course, maybe I missed the arguments in the wall of text above; sorry tl;dr. Please summarize them, for the purpose of the discussion of a specific proposal. Otherwise I have to oppose as instruction creep. Also, a separate section would be handy as well. Staszek Lem (talk) 00:41, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* After some reading, I might agree to the statement kinda "How and where to use the information from reliable sources is covered in other policies and guidelines ". Staszek Lem (talk) 01:20, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'm not sure what you mean when you say "I am afraid I don't see how IAR is an argument here". Could you expound upon that?
* As pertains to the question of instruction creep; this isn't an instruction. If you read WP:IAR you will see that this is the proper application of IAR under current policy. I think we can all agree that an editor wikilawyering to prevent accurate, well-sourced information from being added to an article is categorically not improving the project.
* Regardless, you asked for a specific proposal, I gave one. I fully believe that one of the biggest problems with WP is the number of editors who don't treat IAR as a policy. I can give you at least two specific examples of editors (not individuals, but groups of editors) who all either refuse to endorse a position or explicitly declare it to be false, yet simultaneously argue that WP should take that position because policy. So far, a clear consensus has been against them each time, but what happens when it's only a slim majority who don't buy it? What about in cases where there's little or no opposition, because objective editors have little or no interest in the subject? ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 13:46, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* two things. inforwars is not a "batshit crazy example"; it is the IP's desire to treat this as a serious source that drove this thread. second, of course we shouldn't call it that in Wikipedia's voice since the kind of sources we should be using across WP wouldn't use that language -- all I have to say to that is "duh". Jytdog (talk) 05:30, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I think the IP, raises a genuine concern on reliable sources, and wikipedia usage.To add with the concerns, journals, peer reviews and academic sources, need consideration for being reliable. The importance of such sources, is mostly dependant in articles of, science, history, politics and biography, where we need highly verified, sources and the likely sources would be books, from authors, but this can worsen the matter if the book is written by someone who had a personal opinion about the topic, undoubtedly we can write in neutral tone on Wikipedia, but the source still remains with an opinion!. Alternatively, removing contents, from articles, or not allowing to add, contents to wikipedia, based on reliability would be a grave issue in building the encyclopedia, as disputes and edit warring based on concern whether the added text, was supported by reliable source or not, would definitely be undesirable in Wikipedia interests, I guess, there needs to be more description on reliable sources and their usage on Wikipedia.Junosoon (talk) 07:19, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
User:MjolnirPants, I am really confused what you mean to convey,Another thing worth pointing out is that WP itself IS NOT A RELIABLE SOURCE., do you have Reliable Source to support it? when you make this bold statement, which can spoil the reputation of Wikipedia community, and you continue simultaneously to deviate the concerns of other!!.Junosoon (talk) 05:16, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* What? That comment makes absolutely no sense. You want me to give you a reliable source showing that wikipedia itself is not an RS? The problems with your comment are enough to make it worth counting them:
* It's incredibly trivial to find such a source and the fact that you would ask for one as if it would be impossible to provide it instead of looking yourself to see if they exist does not speak highly of your integrity.
* It's a well-established truth here on WP that Wikipedia is not a reliable source.
* Asking for a reliable source to state that a source is unreliable is nonsensical. We don't rate the reliability of sources based on what other sources say about them for the most part, but upon our editorial judgement and consensus.
* Worrying about the 'reputation' of the WP community is pointless and doesn't contribute to this discussion.
* Worrying about what I'm doing runs counter to good editing practices and edges upon incivility. Focus on content, not contributors.
* Arguing that WP is a reliable source (which is strongly implied by your comment) runs exactly counter to your earlier comments and undermines it.
* There's more, but I can't be bothered to keep going. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 13:45, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Junosoon: Emphatically, Wikipedia is not a reliable source and that is not the only place that truism is Wikipedia policy. Alanscottwalker (talk) 14:39, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Was wondering if sources cited by User:MjolnirPants, are reliable enough, some of them journals, scholars etc, can we use them on Wikipedia article, as content Wikipedia is not reliable source?.Junosoon (talk) 14:47, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Is there a point to this? Or maybe since every edit you've done in the past three days has been on this thread, you've found yourself in a position where you really can't find anything better to do. Here, let me help. There are currently 23,000 articles with too few wikilinks. Maybe you could fix some of them. Timothy Joseph Wood 14:55, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* The point might be that there is a level between RSes and information on WP that we as editors engage in a form of original research, which involves making decisions about what actually are reliable sources, what is reliable content, etc. (some elements of this enter into my stance on this guideline, but even I would agree with what Mjolnir, Alan and Timothy have posted above). It's because we're a volunteer project that has to engage in consensus discussions on these manners is why we know WP is not reliable, though that's our goal is to present reliable information. If we wanted WP to be reliable, we would need very rigorous and authorative processes in place for every single mainspace edit, and that's definitely not going to happen. --M ASEM (t) 15:01, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
Arbitrary break
IMO this is on the periphery of a complex important topic that would be beneficial to deal with. I think that the issue and answer is knitted into various policies and guidelines, so some simple good proposal isn't going to pop out of a thread like the above. Perhaps the proposal that can arise from it is just agreeing to take a closer look at the underlying metrics and how they are best applied.
BTW, just as an example of an idea on the underlying topic (I don't expect any action on it here) an idea of mine would be:
Preface on terms etc.
This considers the current definition of "RS" to be per all and only source criteria defined in wp:ver and wp:nor. So it does include primary/secondary/tertiary related suitability as defined there, but does not include non-policy reliability criteria (such as actual reliability) which may be invoked at the RS noticeboard.
Explanation
The current structure of wp:ver and wp:nor essentially two main criteria for sources. One is the "reliable source" criteria the core of which that it generally requires an internal layer of review. The other is primary/secondary/tertiary, with restrictions on the use of secondary and tertiary sources. With respect to the wording of wp:ver and wp:nor, fulfillment of both of these criteria is generally considered necessary and sufficient for a source to be considered suitable for the use. This has significant problems. "RS's" are often unreliable, and sources with very high real world reliability often are not classified as wp:"RS's". Further, the clear intent for requirement of RS's in wp:ver/wp:nor is suitability to support material which cited it. Pretending that "reliability" is independent of the topic is not realistic.
Solution
Add the following two criteria: Objectivity and expertise regarding the item which cited it.
Instead of making the each of the (now to be 4) criteria categorical, a new approach is proposed. Under this proposal:
* The sum of the four criteria with respect to item which cited the source would be considered the "strength" of the citation.
* The more controversial and challenged the material (which cited it) is, the greater the required strength of the citation, and vica versa.
Here's some wording that takes a small step in that direction:
* Controversial claims require stronger sourcing. Two additional measures of this are the objectivity and expertise of the source with respect to the material which cited it.
Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 13:20, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* "RS's" are often unreliable, and sources with very high real world reliability often are not classified as wp:"RS's" Such as what? What evidence do you have that this is a broad problem requiring a solution and what metric would you use other than other reliable sources, which is what we already do?
* non-policy reliability criteria (such as actual reliability) What is this even supposed to mean?
* Objectivity - This already has two entire sections of its own in two different policies: WP:BIASED and WP:NPOV, as well as its own essay linked to from both: WP:NPOVS.
* Expertise - This is already addressed in the policy so many times in so many ways that the only way to actually link to it is WP:RS, and resist the urge to gratuitously link to the dozens of related essays and field specific RS guidelines for every topic area under the sun.
* So in a nutshell, this makes no coherent argument that there is an actual problem to be solved, provides no evidence to that effect, and offers no solution other than to restate what is already in policy, and is already covered so many times in so many ways that it's probably already well into the realm of WP:CREEP. Timothy Joseph Wood 14:16, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Bias and objectivity are two different metrics. A source can be biased but still report on a topic in an objective manner. We do not address anything about lack of objectivity in reliable sources (biased or unbiased) which a problem. --M ASEM (t) 14:26, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* "RS's" are often unreliable, and sources with very high real world reliability often are not classified as wp:"RS's" I just read this after Tim quoted it. In a word, "No." We're not going to have a conversation based on the assumption that community consensus is wrong and the minority view (which is demonstrably wrong, hence the consensus) is right. If you think -for example- that NPR is unreliable and Breitbart is reliable, then you should go be an editor Conservapedia where they welcome bias, so long as it's a right-wing bias.
* Bias and objectivity are two different metrics., WP:BIASED directly addresses objectivity. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 14:36, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Not in the context of this problem; the text of "biased" is aimed at considering a single source. One or two subjective sources among many objective is fine.. The problem we are dealing with is when nearly all the reliable sources are more subjective than objective, which is what is happening today. We have to stay objective, and if that objectivity is not handled by the usual reliable sources, when we know a statement is controversial, we have to find other ways to handle it. --M ASEM (t) 14:42, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Not in the context of this problem; the text of "biased" is aimed at considering a single source. One or two subjective sources among many objective is fine.. The problem we are dealing with is when nearly all the reliable sources are more subjective than objective, which is what is happening today. This is an assertion. I would like to see you present an argument to support it, because I disagree. I think the application of BIASED works regardless of the percentage of sources which are biased, and doesn't require the presence of additional, unbiased sources at all. For example, if every 'debunking' website were to focus on Mpant's Theory of Everything tomorrow, debunking it and putting me on blast for coming up with it in the first place, then the mainstream media picked up on the furor and wrote story after story honoring those debunkers for protecting the gullible minds of the public, we could easily use those (100% biased and non-neutral) sources to produce an article about the MTE. No neutral sources necessary (provided they describe it well enough in their debunkings). ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:42, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* You are equivocating on the meaning of objectivity as the opposite of bias and the opposite of subjectivity.
* If a source is secretly literally Hitler but manages to do their job like a responsible, reliable and objective (opposite of bias) journalist, then we A) have no way of knowing, and B) no reason to care.
* which is what is happening today Is a statement of fact which requires...wait for it...a reliable source. Timothy Joseph Wood 14:50, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* No, bias and objectivity/subjectivity are different. Bias means that they favor a certain view, but they can still report objectively - looking at an entire story without any preconceptions or omissions. (This is what the media has traditionally been pre-2000, left-leaning but objective). The subjectivity of the media, where they do include preconceptions and opinions, or exclude viewpoints that are counter to their opinions, is okay in a few numbers (as the "slack" is picked up in the other objective sources) but when the bulk of the sources do it, it harms our mission to be objective and neutral. And it should be patently obvious that it is a problem from the last election cycle, but here are statements that address that it is a recent problem in a broad manner, , and more. (Keeping in mind that the media does not like to write about itself in a negative light). --M ASEM (t) 15:06, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* The subjectivity of the media, where they do include preconceptions and opinions You are still equivocating. Including preconceptions and opinions in the context of news reporting is bias, not subjectivity. Whether you think the story is well written, topical, or even biased, may be a subjective assessment of the state of things, which may in-turn be influenced by your own biases. The editorial decision of what news to cover may be a subjective assessment, a qualitative decision making process, but once a story objectively exists, once ink is put to paper, whether it is unduly influenced by their subjective judgement is a matter of bias.
* Bias means that they favor a certain view, but they can still report objectively No. We are not having a phenomenological verses an existential debate. In the only way that we could conceivably care about the meanings of these words: if they report objectively, then they are objective . If their reporting is biased , then they are biased . We don't care whether a tree falling in the woods actually makes a sound, because if no one hears it, it doesn't make it into Wikipedia. We don't care about their secretly held beliefs, what they pray to God about, or what they write in their diary at night, because how and what they publish is the only thing that is going to make it into the encyclopedia. Timothy Joseph Wood 15:40, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* For the record, I agree 100% with what Tim is saying here, and would like to add: Even if a reporter constantly and publicly blogs about how much he loves the alt-right and how much he hates Jews, yet writes a news story for some outlet which fairly documents the antisemitism of the alt-right, then that story is an unbiased source. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:48, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I think that one Rosetta stone is the bolded part: "objectivity and expertise of the source with respect to the material which cited it". A biased source could be reliable to source a clearly objective fact about a person, but not reliable to support a statement that characterizes the person overall. Similarly, a biography of Britney Spears written by her sister reviewed by editors and published would be a RS regarding a statement on what Britney's favorite color is, but not an RS for statements on the current state of development of computerized neural nets. North8000 (talk) 16:00, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
The reliability of a source depends on context. Each source must be carefully weighed to judge whether it is reliable for the statement being made in the Wikipedia article and is an appropriate source for that content. Timothy Joseph Wood 16:05, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Again, I agree with Tim. I don't see what you're doing here as pointing out problems with our policy so much as pointing out elements of our policy of which you remain unaware. I'm not bashing you for this; my suggestion above wasn't a change to policy, but a change to the wording of policy (reminding editors that details of policy do not override our goal of providing accurate information). I take issue with the way policy is sometimes implemented and perhaps you do, as well. But the arguments you're making don't look like that, they just look like you don't really know the policy very well. Which is fine, that's why we have policy pages and discussions like these. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:23, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* In response to both posts, the sentences which follow it essentially say that only traditional metrics apply in the analysis, thus not saying and somewhat ruling out considering objectivity and expertise of the source with respect to the material which cited it. Also, an item which is only so presented and in a more obscure area, barely exists. The proof of the pudding is in practice. In reality, when there is a dispute, having only the traditional RS credentials is considered enough to take it to the finish line, not subject to the specific review and criteria which I proposed. North8000 (talk) 16:33, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
A key word is "fairly", here. I totally agree with that example, and that's what I mean about a biased but objective source. But what happens more than ever is that there is no "fair" coverage, particularly on a topic that has an element of subjective nature at its core. As I've mentioned, there are cases that pass at BLP/N of people or groups associated with BLP being given a contentious label because, limiting to only what RSes say, they unabashedly call out this person/group as that label (without stating the article as part of an op-ed), while if one looks to authoritative but non-RS works, they clearly think that label is wrong. If the RSes were objective and writing fairly, even with a bias, they would at least acknowledge that some do not consider that label applicable alongside making their own claim, and thus our objectivity can be easily met. But nowadays they don't, nor do they state their subjective stance as an op-ed but instead present it as a fact, and articles get written acting as if this is the only factual view, blatantly ignoring what exists outside of that because of how this guideline is written. That is creating echo chambers on WP, and the problem is only getting worse because of Trump's election, which is furthering the divide of left-right ideologies on WP. Basically, we have to recognize there is a lot of mud being slung around the media, and a lot of rhetoric, and very few sources nowadays trying to get at the objective core of that; if we are going to cover such things and uphold WP's principles, we have to apply objective measures to cut back on that rhetoric, at least until a time that there's proper hindsight coverage to build from. --M ASEM (t) 16:21, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Note: I replaced your note with a template which conveys the same information. Hope you don't mind. In fact, I hope you like that template and use it a lot, because I made it :D.
* As I've mentioned, there are cases that pass at BLP/N of people or groups associated with BLP being given a contentious label because, limiting to only what RSes say, they unabashedly call out this person/group as that label (without stating the article as part of an op-ed), while if one looks to authoritative but non-RS works, they clearly think that label is wrong. You see, this is where I take issue. If there are authoritative sources out there, then by definition those sources are RSes. I'd like to see some specific examples of what you're talking about to get an idea as to whether I'm misunderstanding you. But you seem to be saying there are unreliable sources which are more reliable than reliable sources, and that doesn't make any sense to me. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:28, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* is one example. The press (consisting of normally reliable sources) broadly paint the person and their publication as white supremacist, but he has self-stated differently as well as non-RS but authoritative sources have agreed that he is not. Yet there was a push to only use the press's statements here because that is the only thing that RSes were saying.
* This demonstrates what I see is wrong with this guideline, is that it defines RSes too narrowly. Don't get me wrong, it is of high importance we define what RSes are for the purposes of including factual information and we need to have that "fact-checking" history aspect of it, and I do not want to see that weakened here. But this guideline leads editors to think that those are the only sources we can use for purposes of evaluating NPOV and particularly UNDUE/WEIGHT. This is not true: RS/N has had to restart over and over again that there can be "reliable sources" that are not RSes for factual content but are appropriate for opinion statements. This guideline does have some allusion to that concept, but the wording makes editors put a fence around only the "fact-checking" RSes and ignore things outside that. It needs to be clearer that opinion pieces from authoritative sources but without the fact-checking history are just as valid as opinion pieces from "fact-checking" RSes when documenting opinions or evaluating NPOV-related issues, but absolutely not for factual content. Whether we include a new "tier" for RSes that are only usable for their opinion, or rework language to emphasis that only "fact-checking" can be used for factual information, I don't know which way is best to go, but this is what is lacking. --M ASEM (t) 16:45, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* He has also said he is not a white supremacist, describing himself as a "white advocate," Doesn't seem like a problem at all. Seems a lot like one person trying to semantically muddy the waters for their own personal advantage, and reliable sources rightly pointing out in plain language what's otherwise obvious. Every fringe theorist and scam artist out there would love to make their own euphemisms authoritative, but that doesn't mean we should do anything but dismiss those for plain facts. Timothy Joseph Wood 16:56, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* We absolutely should not be making those judgment calls. We can stress the dominate opinion of the press as attributed opinion but we cannot write articles with a preconceived notion and taking that as fact. --M ASEM (t) 17:04, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* The purpose of reliable sources is to, as much as possible, remove the judgement from the call. I'm sure Jim Jones would not refer to himself as a cult leader. I'm sure most people in Category:American white supremacists would probably rather have themselves referred to euphemistically as racial purists or something similar. I'm definitely sure plenty of people in the US government would rather Waterboarding wasn't referred to as torture in the lead. But none of those are either reliable or independent, so we do not weigh their opinions when making determinations of what is recorded as fact. If sources meeting both those standards disagreed, then we should record that disagreement, but we do not make an alternative category of sources, "unreliable-authorities" that in any way get similar treatment. Timothy Joseph Wood 17:43, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* And again, this all makes sense if we know the reliable sources were objective, but I've pointed out that's not the case nowadays in certain situations. (To stress: objectivity will vary from news article to news article; broadly most of our RSes are still objective outside the realm of politics and ideologies; its those areas that careful evaluation has to be done on a per-article basis). In many cases, there are other opinions that exist that are shared by a significant number of authoritative sources but not reliable ones that do not make it to the reliable sources due to lack of objectivity. To pretend those counter-opinions (even if they extremely hard to believe as perhaps they lack evidence) do not exist at all is a severe problem that this guideline promotes, and will (and has in some cases) lead to echo chambers in some articles, especially when editors start with preconceived notations that are supported by the RS articles that are not covering that specific topic in an objective manner. --M ASEM (t) 18:35, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* You keep saying "authoritative" as if it matters, when as far as I'm concerned, if it's not reliable, it's not authoritative in any way that is meaningful. Timothy Joseph Wood 18:51, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* , I see what you're saying here as advocating the position that people are incapable of lying about themselves. In the absence of evidence, we should absolutely take a person's word about their opinions, intentions and views. But when solid evidence contradicts that (and note that in all these cases, the RSes made their judgements based on evidence, else they wouldn't have been RSes), we have to go with the evidence. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 17:52, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Except that often when dealing with contentious labels, there may be evidence to assume a label applies but there are aspects that cannot be proven out with any type of evidence because you can't prove a negative. Take your "bipartisan" Jane Doe above. You've hypothesizd that there's tons of evidence to show that her methods slant very far to the right, sure, and there's no recorded action of anything towards the left, but the lack of any evidence of action towards the left does not mean she's not bipartisan. Her actions have clearly all been conservative and should be described as such, but there's no absolute proof to say that she herself is not bipartisan, and so we should not be saying that as fact in WP-voice. Claims are fine, but not fact. --M ASEM (t) 18:35, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Also, the further you go towards generalized labeling of people (or similar situations) you are not reporting on some fundamental reality of the person, you are reporting on or or doing subjective labeling, using terms that have a wide range of definitions. To the point where such things are inherently only opinions of others, not information about the person. North8000 (talk) 18:47, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* ...but there's no absolute proof to say that she herself is not bipartisan... Let's talk about Nazis. The Nazis claimed that the extermination of the Jews was variously an act of self-defense of their ethnic group or an attempt to improve the human genepool, not a genocide. Should we open our article on The Holocaust with the sentence "The Holocaust was an act of self-defense by..."? Or maybe we should say "The Holocaust has been variously described as an act of self-defense, an improvement of the human race, or an act of genocide"?
* I have absolutely no doubt whatsoever that the majority of Nazis making statements about the extermination of the Jews at the time and in trials afterwords actually believed that what they were doing was not genocide, but self-defense or to improve the human genepool. None whatsoever. But it doesn't matter whether I believe they're being as truthful as they can, or whether I believe they were lying out of their asses because they got sexually excited at the thought of killing people en-masse; We're going to report the Nazis as the architects of genocide, not misguided social activists trying to defend their ethnic group.
* My point is: Whether or not the Jane Doe in my hypothetical actually believes she is bipartisan and not subject to left- or right-wing bias is completely immaterial to what we do here. It only matters to her. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 19:12, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Ignoring Godwin's law here, one rather subtle thing is that we do have a "human decency" bias here that aligns with nearly all humans on earth save for extremists. We treat things like genocide and murder as morally wrong. As such, we aren't going to pretend that genocide could be justified (though we obviously can cite documents why they did that as part of the historical record).
* But when you move away from the obvious cases of what is morally correct, then we have to get away from that bias. For example, writing about a person being a right-wing or a Republican should start with zero pre-disposition of how we will write about that person, and that should be true for objective sources as well. The problem, more broadly, is that we presently have a political situation where the left-leaning press want to vilify anything to the right as morally corrupt, the right-leaning press are adapting the same, and there's very little coverage at the middle ground. We aren't going to fix that problem at all, but we need to keep our noses clear of that and recognize there is a serious situation that we need to stay ahead of if it keeps getting worse. --M ASEM (t) 20:59, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Agree, w.r.t. former discussion, with IP, Mr rnddude and North8000, who have raised an important concern of RS, usage on wikipedia, more specifically to controversial topics which directly or indirectly are related to biographies of living or dead people. Sources have huge responsibility of supporting facts, which need more neutral RS, descriptions, especially if reliable source has POV, this problem would be visible in areas of wikipedia contents, where usage of works of scholars, research journals, and books, on that subject is done, the remedy would be, it should not be given undue weight of being reliable. , this discussion needs to be addressed by more editors, to share their views, and let's not sideline their concerns. Junosoon (talk) 13:43, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
Proposal - write a well-sourced, NPOV description of infowars for use at Pizzagate conspiracy theory
The core principles of WP are obvious to experienced editors here. Rather than continue having a hand-waving, handwringing discussion that will go nowhere but circles, how about if participants generate and post what they consider to be a well-sourced, NPOV, one sentence description of "infowars" for use in the Pizzagate article? Once there are concrete examples they could be be used to anchor non-hand-waving, possibly productive discussion. I urge you all to do this - spend time on your own doing it, and let say five or six of them get posted before discussing each other's. Jytdog (talk) 19:33, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* current content in Pizzagate conspiracy theory: The story was picked up by fake news websites such as Infowars.com, ... ( Jytdog (talk) 20:28, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* First draft: "Infowars is a U.S. right-wing news and news aggregation site that presents a conspiratorial view of current events." TFD (talk) 20:07, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Alternative phrasing: "Infowars is a U.S.-based multimedia organization headed by Alex Jones. Its website gives the appearance of a standard news and news aggregation website. It has been described as a conspiracy theory enterprise" in Spin here. John Carter (talk) 20:28, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* "While many sources had debunked the story, including the New York Times and Fox News, the Pizzagate story was further spread as it was featured on several sites broadly considered as conspiracy theory enterprises, including Infowars...". (using similar language as John Carter). --M ASEM (t) 23:26, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
discussion
* You mean, here: Alex Jones (radio_host)? Staszek Lem (talk) 19:40, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* No. The IP who started this mess, came here after complaining about the description of infowars at Pizzagate. See Infowars referred to as fake news with no source. The IP then forum shopped this here, and continued not listening here to continue their quest to have "infowars" described as something other than it is. Does anybody think it is actually difficult to describe "infowars" as the batshit crazy thing it is, using RS and NPOV language? Let's see if there is any real disagreement here. Jytdog (talk) 19:53, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* This is something I've noticed and (I believe, I may have edited out that part) mentioned above. I've seen a number of editors argue that labels like "right-wing", "far-right" and "fake news" cannot be applied to certain outlets, while simultaneously either refusing to say whether they themselves believe the labels to be accurate or outright stating that they believe the labels are accurate, but that policy prevents us from using them. Hence the proposal to add text which I gave in response to Staszek Lem, above. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 20:02, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* "Right-wing" is less a problem, there is no objective definition of "far-right" and "fake-news". That's why they are subjective labels. They can be used with attribution but should not be applied factually in WP-voice. --M ASEM (t) 21:03, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* User:Masem it appears that the issues you are raising have nothing to do with the WP:RS guideline at all, but rather WP:MOS, specifically WP:LABEL. Why are you raising it here? Jytdog (talk) 21:16, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* The problem is that while LABEL and NPOV (specifically YESPOV) tell us to use caution and use labels carefully, far too many editors go "but the only RSes about this topic say this person/group is (label) so we can factually say that" and override LABEL and NPOV. It starts here as the problem as excluding any concept that there is information outside the tight circle of established RSes. --M ASEM (t) 22:16, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Really? "more right-wing than typical right-wing" isn't objective? "Stuff that looks like news but is fake" isn't objective? I think you're confusing "objective" with "binary". Sure, there's no firm cut-off where moderate right-wing politics ends and far-right-wing politics picks up, but that doesn't mean that your typical far-right outlet isn't objectively distinguishable from your typical moderate right-wing outlet. It doesn't mean we can't distinguish fake news from real news. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 21:19, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* The first quote you reference is a value judgment, and it is hard in at least some cases for value judgments to be counted as really "objective." Is the Mona Lisa more "beautiful" than the Girl with a Pearl Earring? Avoiding such comparative terms might not be a bad idea. John Carter (talk) 21:24, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Is 5 more than 3? Is RGB(255,0,0) more red than RGB(128,40,40)? Is nationalism more right-wing than patriotism? Is authoritarianism more right-wing than egalitarianism? Yes, to all of those. These are not value judgements because value judgements are about right and wrong, not about political left and right. These are descriptions. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 21:32, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* They are descriptions based on preconceived views of "near and far", which is admittedly more of the item response theory or law of comparative judgment than a value judgment. I acknowledge my error, but I still assert that the essentially comparative nature of greater/lesser does include some inherent judgment of the topic, and such is probably best avoided. Having said that, I think, maybe, it might be more useful for the discussion if we refrained from arguing semantics and, maybe, actually addressed the substantive matters involved. John Carter (talk) 21:37, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I understand what you're saying, and I'm not so much disagreeing as I am saying that it doesn't apply (well, I was disagreeing about it being a value judgement but your response makes it clear you meant that it requires judgement, in general). I'm just pointing out that when you define a category through comparison to other categories, then it may have a nebulous border (how much more right-wing than the exact median of the right-wing spectrum must one get to be considered far-right?), but as long as that first category is objective, then the category in question is, as well. Further, there are definitions of these and similar terms (the main body of the article far-right politics could be said to be one) which do not rely upon comparisons at all, but rather outline the unique characteristics which fuel the comparisons. In the cases used as examples here, there's been no real question of whether or not the labels actually apply, only whether we can use them, so I think you're right that we should get back to discussing the more substantive matters below. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 21:52, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* However, you still have 1) a nebulous boundary, and I have seen opinions from sources that are pushing more and more past that boundary and 2) what is the "middle" that we compare left and right to also has shifted albeit much less slowly. There is very little objective about those terms in the first place, and there's no "authority" to determine what is the correct way to apply them. Add that terms like "far-right" and "alt-right" are used degradingly, and that's why they are labels that cannot be used in a factual voice. --M ASEM (t) 22:12, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I've mentioned the nebulous boundary several times now, so I'm not sure why you felt the need to repeat it back to me. But you are missing the fact that we don't need to define the terms to a precise, mathematical certainty that can remain enshrined and immutable for all of time. We can still debate over the edge cases, and if the zeitgeist changes in the future, then we can update the encyclopedia. If Breitbart suddenly starts advocating for egalitarianism, social justice and environmentalism, we can change how we describe them. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 22:23, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* User:Masem please post a concrete, sourced description of infowars above that in your view satisifes NPOV, RS, and whatever else concerns you. Please stop just saying "no" and put up or shut up. Jytdog (talk) 22:39, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* User:Masem - thanks for posting. Sources to support your proposed content that can survive a challenge to "broadly considered"? Jytdog (talk) 00:45, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Hmm, "broadly" might be a too bit broad, but a google search on "infowars "conspiracy theory" -site:infowars.com" brings up CNN, WashPo, Salon, Yahoo, and I can find NYTimes, and BBC. Maybe "frequently considered". There's no question here that we can apply an attributed label, but we should avoid the "fake news" term as described below given its nebulous nature. In the Pizzagate article I'd not get into that much detail but that would be all articles to use at the Infowars article on criticism of the site. (That said, and this is beyond the scope of the exercise, I think the Infowars involved in the spreading of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory is larger than it is given and could do with more expanding, which in turn can add a few more references to demonstrate the perceived nature of the site) --M ASEM (t) 02:23, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* It is fair and accurate to characterise InfoWars as a conspiracy theorist site known for publishing speculative and generally false stories, and to describe Alex Jones as a crank. Fake news is kind of a shortcut for what InfoWars does, but there is merit in disambguating between The Onion (which at least knows it is bullshit) and InfoWars (which apparently, FSM help us, does not). We could try to agree a less loaded characterisation for InfoWars, but I am pretty confident that the same people who reject "fake news" will reject any accurate characterisation of InfoWars with equal vigour - and they are probably the only ones who really care. Guy (Help!) 09:56, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* The issue with "fake news" vs "conspiracy theory website" is that term "fake news" has many different meanings depending on who you talk to, as described (it ranges from truly fictitious news posing as real news, satire, propaganda, alt/far-right/left sources, etc.) so the term is nebulous and not concrete. On the other hand there is a clear idea of what a conspiracy theory is (though what purports to be conspiracy theories will vary); it's a very established term. Maybe in time, once "fake news" no longer is a neologism and there's a readily-established definition, one can come back and check if Infowars fits that, but the clear pattern in RS is to that it is labeled as conspiracy theory website by most press sites, despite the owner's contesting of that (per the footnote in the Pizzagate article). --M ASEM (t) 16:19, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* I think it is important in descriptions both to be accurate and unemotional. We should resist the temptation to say "IT'S A F***ING CONSPIRACY WEBSITE ONLY AN IDIOT WOULD TAKE SERIOUSLY!" That approach actually weakens the point we want to make by making us appear biased instead of just accurate. TFD (talk) 20:07, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* TFD I split your proposal and your commentary on it. Please note that my request includes providing sourcing. Please add sources to your proposal. Jytdog (talk) 20:21, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I just want to point out that something like "Infowars is a U.S. right-wing web site that purports to be a news and news aggregation site, but is most notable for promulgating a large number of conspiracy theories. It is not seen as a reliable source of information by experts." is a version of your all-caps quote that conveys the exact same information without the emotional tone, and which is extremely likely to be supportable by reliable sources (I haven't double checked all our sources to be sure that a good one says that no-one takes them seriously, but I wouldn't be the least bit surprised to find a source that says exactly that). ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 20:11, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Why even use "purports"? Just say it *is* a conspiracy theorist site, mention it's well documented connections to Trump, other notable people and the armies of trolls that support them? Being NPOV has its limits. The reader should not even think Infowars has a modicum of respect for reliability after reading whatever text we end up with.That man from Nantucket (talk) 00:37, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Please (!) refrain from quickly commenting on proposals and instead please generate your own, and once we have a few we can talk about them generally. There is also no need to comment on your own proposal. The "challenge" here is to write NPOV, well sourced content per the basic content policies and guidelines. Jytdog (talk) 20:18, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'm fine with the Pizzagate article as it is. It calls Infowars fake news, and does so frankly and matter-of-factly with three different citations for the characterization. It even goes so far as to throw them a bone in pointing out that they contest it. But unless someone has a reliable source which says it definitely isn't fake news, then there's reason to change anything. Timothy Joseph Wood 20:20, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Ditto what Tim said. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 20:43, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'll go a step further and point out that we have some folks who appear to be acting as if every word of the entire article hasn't been poured over by regiments of conspiracy theorists and the whole lot of it defended in detail several times over. Rest assured, it has. Timothy Joseph Wood 20:57, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* I would avoid the neologism "fake news." Until a few months ago it referred to websites whose sole purpose was to publish fabricated news stories, whether for political, financial or personal reasons. But in recent months, the Clinton campaign applied the term to sites that opposed her (and had in fact poor standards for reliability) and now Trump supporters are using the term to malign mainstream media. So its a pejorative term with no clear meaning, therefore not the sort of term we would want to use. TFD (talk) 21:40, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* TFD's comment sounds reasonable to me. Words to avoid could, reasonably, be considered to include words whose specific definition seems to, maybe, be in flux, like he indicates the definition of "fake news" might be. Avoiding ambiguous or misleading terminology is probably a good idea. John Carter (talk) 21:52, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Agreed. It's not a term we need. Unreliability is like pornography: we know it when we see it. Guy (Help!) 21:58, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* We could avoid ambiguity by not using descriptive terms to convey their idiomatic meaning, but only to convey their literal meaning. Using "fake news" as the example, we could stop using it to describe highly biased news outlets and conspiracy theory mongers as well as blogs and other non-journalistic mediums. Some of you have seen me use this standard for "fringe science" and "pseudoscience" before, and it's one I stand by entirely. When a term consists of a descriptive phrase, I fully believe that, whatever the zeitgeist, using it in a descriptive sense is far more powerful and objective. It would also sideline arguments like the ones I mentioned previously, where editors argue that we can't accurately describe something because the RSes don't unambiguously use the best term, but use a variety of terms. This would apply only to that term's use in the body of articles, of course. WP:COMMONNAME would still hold for article titles. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 22:14, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Just my two cents. A lot of people have a gut desire to define "fake news" as an outlet that publishes deliberately false information (whether for profit, shiggles, or something else), excluding anything short of this, as well as satire. The mainstream media clearly takes a broader view of "fake news". They include outlets that merely have a reckless disregard for truth and fact-checking (National Enquirer et al.); as well as outlets that appear to be completely sincere, but run people utterly disconnected from reality and impervious to reason (like InfoWars and NaturalNews); and even individual news items from otherwise reliable outlets, that turn out to be false. So I think we have a conflict between what we as editors and rational human beings feel "Fake news" should mean in a literal sense, and how the media actually uses the term, which simply lumps all outlets that predominantly publish false information under one banner, regardless of motivation and intricacies. Still mulling over what I personally think is the best reaction here, so I'm not arguing for anything, just trying to define the problem. Someguy1221 (talk) 23:50, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
* Fake news is indeed a neologism. It's different than other "unreliable sources". Indeed, tabloid journalism sometimes gets the story "right", like the National Enquirer manages to do once in a blue moon. Fake news sources are those that push false stories, for click bait or disinformation and are aggressively advertised on social media. Furthermore they make great efforts to make themselves appear to be reliable. Trump and his minions gleefully have appropriated the moniker to attack authentic outlets that report news they don't like. There is a word that describes the audacity needed to rely on such red herrings. Chutzpah. But since sadly an astounding number of people actually eat horseshit (and call it steak) over claims the New York Times and Washington Post are capable of pushing fake news, we should be careful about using the term ourselves.That man from Nantucket (talk) 00:27, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Just posting a blanket response since I've been doing life things. If reliable sources describe something as fake, blue, soft, archaic, sandy, etc...literally on into the nearly infinite world of possible descriptors, then our place is to record that description. If you have a reliable source that says otherwise, then I'm all ears. If you don't, then your opinion means nothing. Our job is to decide whether sources are reliable, not to decide whether we like what those sources report. Timothy Joseph Wood 01:09, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* It seems to me that either I myself or many of you do not understand the way WP:RS is applied in practice. If you need evidence of generally reliable sources posting complete falsehoods and these being treated as accurate reliable sources then may I suggest the latest batch of misrepresented/misleading/false (fake so to speak) news that has been widely reported in the mainstream media and is located smeared across one of our articles; PewDiePie. I forget, is the New York Times respected or not in the United States?, what about Forbes and Wall Street Journal? I was under the impression that these were trustworthy generally reliable sources that put some effort into vetting news stories. I see NYT posted across almost every in the news page I have ever been to, same with the Wall Street Journal, not so much with Forbes., to be honest, this is heavily directed at you for your dismissiveness of any concerns with how Wikipedians treat WP:RS, not, what WP:RS actually is or says. I am confident enough to say that it is a simple fact that the way many editors treat certain sources is as being inherently reliable for everything and completely fail to recognize that being generally reliable does not equal being always reliable. I see this many times when I go to in the news articles. Especially when it serves an ideological position, but, that's just par for the course by comparison really. Mr rnddude (talk) 05:44, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* As a side note; the IP may be making a valid point with regards to how RS are treated, but, not with respect to how mainstream outlets treat infowars. Sources can be treated as inherently unreliable for all things. There is good reason to do so, sources that regularly post false/misleading news have a reputation for doing so and look very unprofessional when used as being reliable. They simply are not. Using a source on Wikipedia means declaring it reliable for that statement. Even if the statement is true, putting a generally unreliable source to that statement means that our readers will treat the claim as inherently unreliable. Unfortunately, the same is true of generally reliable sources. This is where my concerns above come in to play. Mr rnddude (talk) 05:49, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* There's nothing wrong with questioning otherwise reliable sources, but the tools required to do so are other reliable sources. In that regard, no amount of personal opinion or unreliable sources combine to make something usable. If the sources are wrong in unison, then we will be wrong along with them, and when they fix it we will follow. That's just the way things work. It means we probably won't be right 100% of the time, but it means we will be less wrong than we would be if we started letting personal feelings and tabloids dictate our content. If you want to improve the state of journalism then write an MP or a congressmen, donate to NPR or PRI, or put in an application somewhere. But at the end of the day, Wikipedia is not a tool for trying to accomplish that, nor is it a tool for trying to correct perceived systemic bias in the media. Timothy Joseph Wood 11:49, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* If we start with "There's nothing wrong with questioning otherwise reliable sources, but the tools required to do so are other reliable sources", that's a fair metric, but this guideline creates a problem with using it because it tells the editor that only fact-checking RSes can question other RSes, because of how it defines RSes, even though other parts of WP policy/guideline says that opinions from sources that aren't fact-checked are still RSes. Say nearly all of what we consider as fact-checking RSes agree on a subjective stance (how they label a person or group, for example), perhaps based on evidence but an extreme stance on such evidence (this PewDiePie case seems like a prime example as if I understand the situation right, the media are reacting to a statement taken out of context to claim Antisemitism about his character). At the same time, there's plenty of sources that do not fall into "fact-checking" that are opining their counter-stance to these claims, eg questioning reliable sources. All other policies and guidelines say that we should include those non-fact-checking RSes if they are appropriately authorative as part of the NPOV balance, but the statement above tied with how narrowly defined RSes are in this guideline, would prevent that. And that is actually what goes on from what I've seen in several articles that cross various noticeboards.
* I would also argue that we as editors have some ability to question reliable sources if we do not have to engage in original research for that. An extreme case would if the Pew Research Center published a survey that the bulk of RSes reported factually on the data but only incorporated the data that best fits their subjective stance which skews the data (which can be done with statistics). We should be able to point that out by using the Pew Research study even if no one else does, as long as we don't have to play excessive games on WP:CALC, in this instance. This is an extreme example, but I did see this happen to some extent before the media corrected itself on the Pepe the Frog meme, which had been on the Internet for years, but suddenly was being called a symbol of white nationalism without awareness of its origin. At least with that, we had the historical sources establishing it, so again, no original research involved.
* Basically, we have to have the ability to be more holistically aware when writing about controversial topics, which means reviewing sources outside of those that can otherwise be the exclusive ones to support factual content in the article; this guidelines does not give that ability despite other policies/guidelines having that, and its used to close out any reasonable discussion of inclusion of opinions from other appropriate sources. --M ASEM (t) 15:02, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* The Pew example is basically my point par excellence, since Pew itself is a reliable source. In fact, we did exactly that on the Pizzagate article regarding the Public Policy Polling data, where the journalism source reported only a portion of the data as opposed to the full set, which we included as a table citing the original study.
* But if the overwhelming majority of RS, for example, report that a man killed 26 people in an elementary school, and a non RS, say Infowars, pushes the idea that it was false flag operation, then the latter deserves to be entirely and summarily disregarded as non-reliable, not mentioned as an alternative opinion, not acknowledged at all.
* In the present case, if all available RS describe Infowars itself as fake news, or some various synonym thereof, and no one can produce a conflicting RS describing it as the least bit reputable, we are perfectly with our rights to follow suit, and state the description as bare fact,at least until such a point as someone can find conflicting evidence in the form of additional RS. Timothy Joseph Wood 15:18, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* There are different types of cases, yes, and there are times that WP:FRINGE has to be applied. In case like Sandy Hook, where there is no practical reason to question the objectivity of the reporting (as its not a political situation), then minority opinions like conspiracy theories should be treated just like that. However, we should be completely aware as editors that any controversial topic in the last few years that falls onto political and ideological scales may have issues with the objectivity of the press reporting on it (especially the more the press is actually involved in the story), and so notable/expert voices outside that circle of the press become important to document the controversy, and FRINGE does not apply. Where that line is drawn is extremely complex, and would have to be determined on a case-by-case basis, but the need to have that ability is required. (I have more to comment on the second point, but I'll want to collect my thoughts on that before responing) --M ASEM (t) 15:31, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Basically, we have to have the ability to be more holistically aware when writing about controversial topics... Say this is adopted as a policy. So what's to stop an editor from arguing that a claim published in the New York Times which would otherwise be uncontroversial cannot be included because Infowars, Breitbart, globalresearch.ca and abcnews.com.co all agree that it's wrong? This basically gives weight to unreliable sources. And what advantage does it bring? Well, it lets us correct widely-reported errors sooner, but only when it doesn't backfire, and only when those errors turn out to actually be errors. Remember how many unreliable sources were (and still are) crowing about how the invasion of Iraq was over Iraqi oil? There's a reason that we consider unreliable sources unreliable, and your suggestion seems to completely ignore that. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:26, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* I have never said that the information being contested should be removed; a widely held opinion in RSes, even if contested by non-RSes or is seen as controversial by editors, should be presented in our articles. Much of the effects that adjusting this guideline relates to how to temper such statements: instead of saying "X is Y", we should state "The New York Times says X is Y" when there is contest to that statement; labels shouldn't be thrown into the first lede sentence but should be attributed and included in the lede if the media perception of that label is important to the article (as it would be for Infowars as claimed as a "conspiracy theory site"), etc. And most of this applies to where the claim relates to a person's or organizations's intentions or motivations, which we have no way to objectively determine as the human mind is a black box. Observers can only go by words and actions to assess those elements which can support why they use those labels, but those labels are subjective for a reason as they have diffuse definitions and which can be applied without evidence, which is why they get contested by either the person/group or others. When you start talking about conspiracy theories, that's a bit different, because most say "well, that evidence is falsified" or the like, and now that's where the "fact-checking" part of RS is important and why we generally separate out conspiracy theories from actual historical discussion. Inversely, you cannot "fact-check" what the intentions or motivation are of a person/organization, you can only infer from actions and statements. --M ASEM (t) 16:14, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* I still recall that we shouldn't state facts as opinions. When the only sources arguing that a certain claim is untrue are unreliable sources, then we should treat that claim as a fact. If it turns out to be wrong at some point in the future, we can correct it then. If it doesn't turn out to be wrong at some point in the future, then it's not wrong. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 16:22, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Absolutely not. Facts do not come from a plurality of opinions, it simply the most popular opinion. A RS stating "X is (some label)" will always be an opinion (maybe more justified with evidence and informed than others), and the larger number of RSes say the same thing doesn't change that. The "fact" that we report is that many sources hold that opinion. That does not eliminate content but keeps us from getting involved in controversial and staying neutral and impartial. Otherwise, we create an echo chamber that simply agrees with the popular opinion. We should not hide or ignore that popular opinion but we absolutely should not state that opinion in WP voice. --M ASEM (t) 17:29, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* So you're suggesting that relying on RSes to establish what is a fact and what is not is a bad way of doing things. So we should rely on unreliable sources to establish what facts are? Or perhaps we should rely on our own opinions? Or maybe we should edit as if there were no such thing as facts? ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 17:34, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Agree? Maybe there have been two discussions here. A discussion of some complex underlying policy issues and another with an undeclared focus on on a specific problem at one article. By various methods a few have seemed to denigrate the former. This proposal relates to the latter and seems fine for the latter. North8000 (talk) 12:38, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* Masem, your embrace of relativism on this matter will never gain consensus, and in my view is dangerous as hell. Infowars is a pump spewing conspiracy theories and fake news into the world. It is described that way in high quality sources and there is no reason not to call a spade a spade in WP's voice. We probably need to expand the PSCI section of NPOV to explicitly deal with this; debates we have about spewers of pseudoscience run exactly along these lines and this is very close in spirit to that. Just like we don't treat fake science like it is real science or with mealymouthed WP:GEVAL, but instead we call it "pseudoscience" --- so too there is no such thing as "alternative facts"; Pizzagate and Birtherism are unadulterated (and evil) bullshit, just like selling Laetrile as a cancer treatment is utter (evil) bulllshit. There are politically charged issues that are not as clear cut but whether a site spews conspiracy theories and fake news is not like that. Jytdog (talk) 17:39, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'm on a similar train here as Jytdog, although somewhat less...enthusiastically. Most of the support here is for the existence of some generic problem that we haven't precisely identified, and some hypothetical solution that we haven't quite nailed down. The formulation of some category of authoritative-unreliable-sources, the closest thing to a coherent policy proposal, has about a snowball's chance of getting consensus, since it's very highly unlikely on its face, of ever being formulated in a way that would not reap the full and immediate wrath of the entirety of WP:FTN, and probably rightly so.
* The closest things to otherwise productive discourse are suggestions for changes to the Pizzagate article, which rightly belong on the article's talk page, and not here, if for no other reason than respect for the denizens of the article who don't follow this page, and probably don't want to wade through this exceedingly lengthy conversation. They have, at any rate, and with all respect to JYTD again for trying to focus things, been largely drowned out in a sea of philosophicals and hypotheticals.
* If someone like Masem or North8000 would like to start a draft for something along the lines of WP:Identifying reliable sources (politics), then I'm sure there's no shortage of editors who would happily weigh in, and it may end up being of great use to the project in the end. But other than that, it seems an awfully lot like we might be pretty much done here. I for one certainly am. Timothy Joseph Wood 22:54, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* That might be a good incubator. In the end IMHO ideas that work across the board would be better. I do disagree with your assessment in that I do think that there is a good discussion of some fundamental structural policy issues. Inherently that does not lead to a quick specific proposal, and IMHO that does not deprecate it's value or appropriateness. Sincerely North8000 (talk) 23:42, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
* I had to think on the statement posed by Jytdog specifically on conspiracy theories and pseudoscience, and I agree that's a line we don't want to weaken, but at the same time recognize labelling people and groups (among other things in the political and ideological spectrum) are different. I think there are two principle differences:
* Psuedoscience and conspiracy theories are claims that can readily be disproven in an objective manner using evidence or scientific tests. With psuedoscience, you can even get to a confidence level of how "wrong" the idea is. You can never completely disprove either, but RSes present evidence that can be reviewed in a objective manner leave little room for doubt. Thus, we are confident we can call such things as pseudoscience or conspiracy theories as facts in WP's voice, as long as there's citations about that nearby (though personally, I would still make sure to attribute the groups that have called it as well to give weight to that fact). On the other hand you cannot prove a label is true in an objective manner. You can show a lot of evidence of a person or group's actions that support the idea (eg "This senator has voted for stronger immigration restrictions, less corporate taxes, and removing welfare, he clearly must be right-wing"), but it remains a subjective jump from the evidence to the label, even if several RSes lay that out. We should be very cautious about taking that subjective leap of logic for ourselves and thus avoid stating that as a fact.
* With psueoscience and conspiracy theories, there is usually a longer period of time and a larger volume of work done on the disproving side; there's enough hindsight to have a good idea that the theory is bogus. With labels or subjective claims about persons or groups, many of those start as off-the-cuff assignments in the course of writing news articles, often as part of opinion (which you don't need to justify). The claim sticks, especially if it is a viewpoint shared by others, and while the sources will show evidence to try to justify the claim, we're not talking about the time or rigors for pseudoscience and conspiracy theory disproving. Add now the current situation of the ideologic fighting going on the media due to the last election cycle, and labels and subjective claims are going to be thrown out even more so due to emotional intensity and attempts at persuasive writing (this is what the whole "fake news" situation is about). But that said, as time progresses years beyond that point, and events crystallize out (eg the person has long died), that long tail of hindsights and knowing the full picture with the years of knowledge, a label or claim may become an historical fact even if it was never fully proven; it is simply that the opinion has become fixed in history.
* Together these don't give a bright line, but it is a way to start discussions where the issues come up. And while this starts getting into a larger number of policies/guidelines beyond just identifying RSes, it is important than in the political and ideological space with currently-active controversies that we are aware there's a broader set of RSes that should be considered to judge the larger picture of opinions and to pull additional opinions or claims from as to support these types of discussions. I am going to give thought to how to structure a possible guideline for dealing with RSes for political situations, particularly in light of various RS/N discussions, NPOV, and BLP. There's areas like pseudoscience and conspiracy theories that we need to be harsh on requiring the best sources but other areas like political mudslinging needs more careful approaches; the two areas do not have an equal approach to treatment. --M ASEM (t) 00:28, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'll admit that I don't follow RSN probably as closely as I should, but I do think that working toward actual text of a potential guideline would help focus discussion and lead us away from the hypothetical rabbit holes that we seem to be so susceptible to. Timothy Joseph Wood 01:15, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
Close
Erm, On this guideline page, this seemingly "endless", meandering gab-fest, has crossed the threshold to violate WP:NOTAFORUM, :). (Since it's lots of talk about what is already basically handled by WP:NOTNEWS, WP:ONUS and WP:BESTSOURCES - not this guideline - go to WP:VPP if you really are into this endless gab, and gab there, please. Alanscottwalker (talk) 14:58, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Agree, in case that wasn't already clear, but suspect that a formal close may be needed to cap the gab. Timothy Joseph Wood 15:00, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* No problem with the close, as suggested above, I'm going to try to come back with something to specifically address RS when dealing with media rheotoric in political/idealogical debates but I need to mull on the key points needed for that to reflect issues raised. --M ASEM (t) 15:12, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* If anyone is interested, I'm sandboxing my ideas at User:Masem/RSPoly, but if I get to anything to formally present, I will make sure that's fully clear. --M ASEM (t) 18:25, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* 100% on board with closing. Also with the summary by Alan. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 15:18, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Also agree on the closing. I don't agree with the negative characterization of the discussion. It was complicated by apparently having a specific issue at a specific article grouped with a discussion on some more generic areas. My idea was "Perhaps the proposal that can arise from it is just agreeing to take a closer look at the underlying metrics and how they are best applied." probably in a more sidebar place. I also support Masem's closing thoughts and ideas. North8000 (talk) 16:11, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Close away as you please. Thank you TJW for your response to my comment and I suppose by extension to all those afterwards. Cheers, Mr rnddude (talk) 09:53, 18 February 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Peripheral Vascular Disease vs. Venous Insufficiency: What’s the Difference?
Written By Center for Vein Restoration
Blog Image Peripheral Vascular Disease VS Venous Insufficiency
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and venous insufficiency are two distinct yet interconnected conditions that affect the blood vessels in the body. While they both impact circulation, they have different causes, symptoms, and implications for overall health. This article will explore the differences between peripheral vascular disease and chronic venous insufficiency, their respective characteristics, and the importance of early detection and management.
Understanding Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Peripheral vascular disease, also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD), is a slow and progressive circulatory condition resulting from the narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels outside the heart. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, this narrowing is often caused by atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits and plaque on the artery walls. As a result, blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs, is reduced, thus decreasing the oxygen and nutrients available to the tissue.
Blood clots can also develop on artery walls, further reducing the blood vessel's inner diameter and potentially causing blockages in major arteries. Called arterial thrombosis, this blockage of blood flow to the heart or brain can be fatal.
Common symptoms of PVD include:
• Leg pain or cramping during physical activity (called intermittent claudication)
• Coldness in the lower leg or foot
• Weak pulse in legs and feet
• Numbness or weakness in the legs
• Skin changes, including paleness or reddish-blue color of extremities
• Brittle, shiny skin
• Decreased skin temperature
• Slower toenail growth
• Impotence
• Hair loss on the legs
• Non-healing wounds and ulcers
Understanding Venous Insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), on the other hand, is a condition that occurs when the veins in the legs have difficulty returning blood to the heart. This can be due to weakened or damaged valves in the veins, which prevent blood from flowing backward. As a result, blood pools in the legs, causing various symptoms.
Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency can be categorized into three main groups:
• Physical discomfort: leg pain, swelling, aching, or cramping,
• Sensory changes: itching and tingling, and feelings of heaviness in the legs
• Visible skin changes: varicose veins, skin discoloration, and ulcers
Key Differences Between Peripheral Vascular Disease & Venous Insufficiency
1. Vascular Involvement: PVD primarily affects arterial vessels, while venous insufficiency impacts the venous system. PVD is associated with atherosclerosis and arterial blockages, reducing blood flow to the limbs. In contrast, venous insufficiency is related to dysfunctional vein valves and impaired blood return to the heart.
2. Symptoms: PVD often manifests as pain or discomfort during physical activity due to inadequate blood supply to the muscles (intermittent claudication). Venous insufficiency symptoms include leg swelling, aching or cramping, and skin changes such as varicose veins and ulcers.
3. Risk Factors: While some risk factors overlap, such as age and a sedentary lifestyle, PVD is more strongly associated with conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking. Venous insufficiency risk factors include family history, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged sitting or standing.
4. Complications: If left untreated, PVD can lead to severe complications such as non-healing wounds and limb amputation due to reduced blood flow to the affected limbs. Venous insufficiency can result in chronic swelling, skin changes, and slow-healing ulcers due to impaired venous return.
Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosing PVD and venous insufficiency typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and non-invasive tests such as ankle-brachial index (ABI) for PVD and duplex ultrasound for venous insufficiency. Management strategies for both conditions focus on relieving symptoms, slowing disease progression, and reducing the risk of complications.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
According to the Mayo Clinic, tests to diagnose PAD include:
• Blood tests. Blood tests check for conditions such as high cholesterol, high triglycerides, and diabetes.
• Ankle-brachial index (ABI). This standard test compares the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm.
• Ultrasound of the legs or feet. This test uses sound waves to see how blood moves through the blood vessels. Doppler ultrasound is a particular type of ultrasound used to spot blocked or narrowed arteries.
• Angiography. This test uses X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or computerized tomography (CT) scans to look for artery blockages.
Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, and healthy eating are essential. Medications to control cholesterol levels and blood pressure may also be prescribed. In advanced cases, procedures may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow to the affected limbs.
Surgical procedures for PAD include:
1. Angioplasty and Stent Placement: A procedure where a catheter is used to open clogged arteries. A balloon is inflated to widen the artery, and a stent may be placed to keep it open.
2. Bypass Surgery: Redirects blood flow around a blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel or synthetic material.
3. Cryoplasty: Uses liquid nitrous oxide to freeze and dilate the artery, reducing the likelihood of reoccurrence.
4. Percutaneous or Laser Atherectomy: Removes plaque buildup from the artery using specialized catheters.
Venous Insufficiency
In the case of venous insufficiency, lifestyle modifications such as elevating the legs, wearing compression stockings to improve circulation, and regular exercise are usually recommended to promote healthy blood flow. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting can help alleviate symptoms.
For a more lasting and complete resolution to the pain and disfigurement of varicose veins, minimally invasive procedures may be recommended to close off or remove damaged veins, improving blood flow and reducing symptoms. These procedures
Common diagnostic tests for venous insufficiency include:
1. Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination is often the first step in diagnosing CVI. The doctor will assess symptoms such as swelling, varicose veins, skin changes, and ulcers. They may also evaluate the patient's medical history and risk factors.
2. Duplex Ultrasound: Duplex ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that combines traditional ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound. It allows visualization of blood flow in the veins and can identify areas of reflux (backward flow) or blockage.
3. Venography: Venography is an imaging test that involves injecting a contrast dye into the veins, followed by X-rays to visualize blood flow and detect any abnormalities or blockages.
4. CT or MRI Venography: These imaging tests may be used in cases where conventional venography is not feasible or to provide additional information about the venous system.
Office-based treatment options for venous insufficiency include:
Individuals with venous insufficiency need to work closely with a qualified vein specialist to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs and symptoms. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are essential to assess treatment effectiveness and make necessary adjustments.
Center for Vein Restoration (CVR) is a nationally recognized leader in treating venous diseases, including varicose veins and spider veins. They offer a variety of nearly pain-free solutions to eliminate the root causes of unsightly and uncomfortable leg veins. All CVR vein centers are accredited, evaluated, and approved by the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission. A team of world-renowned and respected vein care practitioners provides state-of-the-art venous care.
Call 240-965-3915 to speak to a Patient Services Representative or schedule your consultation online at a CVR near you today.
Importance of Early Detection and Treatment
Early detection and treatment of both peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and venous insufficiency are crucial in preventing complications and preserving overall health. Timely intervention can help alleviate symptoms, slow disease progression, and reduce the risk of serious complications such as non-healing wounds, ulcers, blood clots, and limb amputation (in the case of PAD).
By seeking medical attention at the first signs of symptoms, individuals can receive appropriate diagnostic tests and personalized treatment plans to manage these conditions effectively. Proactive monitoring and lifestyle modifications can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with PVD and venous insufficiency.
Trust the Venous Health Experts at Center for Vein Restoration
While peripheral vascular disease and venous insufficiency share some common features, they are distinct conditions with different causes, symptoms, and management approaches. If you suspect that venous insufficiency is the cause of your leg discomfort or unsightly leg veins, CVR is your answer!
America’s largest physician-led vein center, Center for Vein Restoration, offers comprehensive treatment for chronic venous insufficiency at over 110+ clinics in 22 states by 70+ board-certified vein physicians. CVR consistency boasts a 98 percent patient satisfaction rating.
CVR accepts many insurances, including Aetna, Amerigroup, Anthem, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, Cigna, MultiPlan, Medicaid, Medicare, and more.
Call 240-965-3915 to speak to a Patient Services Representative or schedule your consultation online at a CVR near you today.
Find CVR Near You
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Wikipedia:Peer review/Kathy Duva/archive1
Kathy Duva
This peer review discussion has been closed.. I've listed this article for peer review because that's what you do
Thanks, TheWarOfArt (talk) 04:40, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
Premature. The article was just put up and is pretty bare bones. Not much more than a Stub. It still has the unreviewed tag. The article needs to be much more developed before Peer review can be useful.Peter Rehse (talk) 10:49, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
Closed: a frivolous request for review, one of many from this particular editor. Brianboulton (talk) 18:08, 15 January 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
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