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Marie Dressler
Leila Marie Koerber (November 9, 1868 – July 28, 1934), known by her stage name Marie Dressler, was a Canadian stage and screen actress, comedian, and early silent film and Depression-era film star.
After leaving home at the age of 14, Dressler built a career on stage in traveling theatre troupes, where she learned to appreciate her talent in making people laugh. In 1892, she started a career on Broadway that lasted into the 1920s, performing comedic roles that allowed her to improvise to get laughs. She soon transitioned into screen acting and made several shorts, but mostly worked in New York City on stage. During World War I, along with other celebrities, she helped sell Liberty bonds.
In 1914, she played the title role in the first full-length screen comedy, Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914), opposite Charlie Chaplin and Mabel Normand. In 1919, she helped organize the first union for stage chorus players. Her career declined in the 1920s, and Dressler was reduced to living on her savings while sharing an apartment with a friend.
In 1927, she returned to films at the age of 59 and experienced a remarkable string of successes. For her performance in the comedy film Min and Bill (1930), Dressler won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She died of cancer in 1934.
Early life
Dressler was born Leila Marie Koerber on November 9, 1868, in Cobourg, Ontario. She was one of the two daughters of Anna (née Henderson), a musician, and Alexander Rudolph Koerber (1826–1914), a German-born former officer in the Crimean War. Leila's elder sister, Bonita Louise Koerber (1864–1939), later married playwright Richard Ganthony.
Her father was a music teacher in Cobourg and the organist at St. Peter's Anglican Church, where as a child Marie would sing and assist in operating the organ. According to Dressler, the family regularly moved from community to community during her childhood. It has been suggested by Cobourg historian Andrew Hewson that Dressler attended a private school, but this is doubtful if Dressler's recollections of the family's genteel poverty are accurate.
The Koerber family eventually moved to the United States, where Alexander Koerber is known to have worked as a piano teacher in the late 1870s and early 1880s in Bay City and Saginaw (both in Michigan) as well as Findlay, Ohio. Her first known acting appearance, when she was five, was as Cupid in a church theatrical performance in Lindsay, Ontario. Residents of the towns where the Koerbers lived recalled Dressler acting in many amateur productions, and Leila often irritated her parents with those performances.
Stage career
Dressler left home at the age of 14 to begin her acting career with the Nevada Stock Company, telling the company she was actually 18. The pay was either $6 or $8 per week, and Dressler sent half to her mother. At this time, Dressler adopted the name of an aunt as her stage name. According to Dressler, her father objected to her using the name of Koerber. The identity of the aunt was never confirmed, although Dressler denied that she adopted the name from a store awning. Dressler's sister Bonita, five years older, left home at about the same time. Bonita also worked in the opera company. The Nevada Stock Company was a travelling company that played mostly in the American Midwest. Dressler described the troupe as a "wonderful school in many ways. Often a bill was changed on an hour's notice or less. Every member of the cast had to be a quick study". Dressler made her professional debut as a chorus girl named Cigarette in the play Under Two Flags, a dramatization of life in the Foreign Legion.
She remained with the troupe for three years, while her sister left to marry playwright Richard Ganthony. The company eventually ended up in a small Michigan town without money or a booking. Dressler joined the Robert Grau Opera Company, which toured the Midwest, and she received an improvement in pay to $8 per week, although she claimed she never received any wages.
Dressler ended up in Philadelphia, where she joined the Starr Opera Company as a member of the chorus. A highlight with the Starr company was portraying Katisha in The Mikado when the regular actress was unable to go on, due to a sprained ankle, according to Dressler. She was also known to have played the role of Princess Flametta in an 1887 production in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She left the Starr company to return home to her parents in Saginaw. According to her, when the Bennett and Moulton Opera Company came to town, she was chosen from the church choir by the company's manager and asked to join the company. Dressler remained with the company for three years, again on the road, playing roles of light opera.
She later particularly recalled specially the role of Barbara in The Black Hussars, which she especially liked, in which she would hit a baseball into the stands. Dressler remained with the company until 1891, gradually increasing in popularity. She moved to Chicago and was cast in productions of Little Robinson Crusoe and The Tar and the Tartar. After the touring production of The Tar and the Tartar came to a close, she moved to New York City.
In 1892, Dressler made her debut on Broadway at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in Waldemar, the Robber of the Rhine, which only lasted five weeks. She had hoped to become an operatic diva or tragedienne, but the writer of Waldemar, Maurice Barrymore, convinced her to accept that her best success was in comedy roles. Years later, she appeared in motion pictures with his sons, Lionel and John, and became good friends with his daughter, actress Ethel Barrymore. In 1893, she was cast as the Duchess in Princess Nicotine, where she met and befriended Lillian Russell.
Dressler now made $50 per week, with which she supported her parents. She moved on into roles in 1492 Up to Date, Girofle-Girofla, and A Stag Party, or A Hero in Spite of Himself After A Stag Party flopped, she joined the touring Camille D'Arville Company on a tour of the Midwest in Madeleine, or The Magic Kiss, as Mary Doodle, a role giving her a chance to clown. In 1896, Dressler landed her first starring role as Flo in George Lederer's production of The Lady Slavey at the Casino Theatre on Broadway, co-starring British dancer Dan Daly. It was a great success, playing for two years at the Casino. Dressler became known for her hilarious facial expressions, seriocomic reactions, and double takes. With her large, strong body, she could improvise routines in which she would carry Daly, to the delight of the audience.
Dressler's success enabled her to purchase a home for her parents on Long Island. The Lady Slavey success turned sour when she quit the production while it toured in Colorado. The Erlanger syndicate blocked her from appearing on Broadway, and she chose to work with the Rich and Harris touring company. Dressler returned to Broadway in Hotel Topsy Turvy and The Man in the Moon.
She formed her own theatre troupe in 1900, which performed George V. Hobart's Miss Prinnt in cities of the northeastern U.S. The production was a failure, and Dressler was forced to declare bankruptcy. In 1901 she starred as Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain in the Broadway musical comedy The King's Carnival.
In 1904, she signed a three-year, $50,000 contract with the Weber and Fields Music Hall management, performing lead roles in Higgledy-Piggledy and Twiddle Twaddle. After her contract expired she performed vaudeville in New York, Boston, and other cities. Dressler was known for her full-figured body, and buxom contemporaries included her friends Lillian Russell, Fay Templeton, May Irwin and Trixie Friganza. Dressler herself was 5 ft tall and weighed 200 lbs.
In 1907, she met James Henry "Jim" Dalton. The two moved to London, where Dressler performed at the Palace Theatre of Varieties for $1500 per week. After that, she planned to mount a show herself in the West End. In 1909, with members of the Weber organization, she staged a modified production of Higgeldy Piggeldy at the Aldwych Theatre, renaming the production Philopoena after her own role. It was a failure, closing after one week. She lost $40,000 on the production, a debt she eventually repaid in 1930. She and Dalton returned to New York. Dressler declared bankruptcy for a second time.
She returned to the Broadway stage in a show called The Boy and the Girl, but it lasted only a few weeks. She moved on to perform vaudeville at Young's Pier in Atlantic City for the summer. In addition to her stage work, Dressler recorded for Edison Records in 1909 and 1910. In the fall of 1909, she entered rehearsals for a new play, Tillie's Nightmare. The play toured in Albany, Chicago, Kansas City, and Philadelphia, and was a flop. Dressler helped to revise the show, without the authors' permission, and in order to keep the changes she had to threaten to quit before the play opened on Broadway. Her revisions helped make it a big success there. Biographer Betty Lee considers the play the high point of her stage career.
Dressler continued to work in the theater during the 1910s, and toured the United States during World War I, selling Liberty bonds and entertaining the American Expeditionary Forces. American infantrymen in France named both a street and a cow after Dressler. The cow was killed, leading to "Marie Dressler: Killed in Line of Duty" headlines, about which Dressler (paraphrasing Mark Twain) quipped, "I had a hard time convincing people that the report of my death had been greatly exaggerated."
After the war, Dressler returned to vaudeville in New York, and toured in Cleveland and Buffalo. She owned the rights to the play Tillie's Nightmare, the play upon which her 1914 movie Tillie's Punctured Romance was based. Her husband Jim Dalton and she made plans to self-finance a revival of the play. The play fizzled in the summer of 1920, and the production was disbanded. In 1919, during the Actors' Equity strike in New York City, the Chorus Equity Association was formed and voted Dressler its first president.
Dressler accepted a role in Cinderella on Broadway in October 1920, but the play failed after only a few weeks. She signed on for a role in The Passing Show of 1921, but left the cast after only a few weeks. She returned to the vaudeville stage with the Schubert Organization, traveling through the Midwest. Dalton traveled with her, although he was very ill from kidney failure. He stayed in Chicago while she traveled on to St. Louis and Milwaukee. He died while Marie was in St.Louis, and Marie then left the tour. His body was claimed by his ex-wife, and he was buried in the Dalton plot.
After failing to sell a film script, Dressler took an extended trip to Europe in the fall of 1922. On her return she found it difficult to find work, considering America to be "youth-mad" and "flapper-crazy". She busied herself with visits to veteran hospitals. To save money she moved into the Ritz Hotel, arranging for a small room at a discount. In 1923, Dressler received a small part in a revue at the Winter Garden Theatre, titled The Dancing Girl, but was not offered any work after the show closed. In 1925, she was able to perform as part of the cast of a vaudeville show which went on a five-week tour, but still could not find any work back in New York City. The following year, she made a final appearance on Broadway as part of an Old Timers' bill at the Palace Theatre.
Early in 1930, Dressler joined Edward Everett Horton's theater troupe in Los Angeles to play a princess in Ferenc Molnár's The Swan, but after one week, she quit the troupe. Later that year she played the princess-mother of Lillian Gish's character in the 1930 film adaptation of Molnar's play, titled One Romantic Night.
Film career
Dressler had appeared in two shorts as herself, but her first role in a feature film came in 1914 at the age of 44. In 1902, she had met fellow Canadian Mack Sennett and helped him get a job in the theater. After Sennett became the owner of his namesake motion picture studio, he convinced Dressler to star in his 1914 silent film Tillie's Punctured Romance. The film was to be the first full-length, six-reel motion picture comedy. According to Sennett, a prospective budget of $200,000 meant that he needed "a star whose name and face meant something to every possible theatre-goer in the United States and the British Empire."
The movie was based on Dressler's hit Tillie's Nightmare. She claimed to have cast Charlie Chaplin in the movie as her leading man, and was "proud to have had a part in giving him his first big chance." Instead of his recently invented Tramp character, Chaplin played a villainous rogue. Silent film comedian Mabel Normand also starred in the movie. Tillie's Punctured Romance was a hit with audiences, and Dressler appeared in two Tillie sequels and other comedies until 1918, when she returned to vaudeville.
In 1922, after her husband's death, Dressler and writers Helena Dayton and Louise Barrett tried to sell a script to the Hollywood studios, but were turned down. The one studio to hold a meeting with the group rejected the script, saying all the audiences wanted is "young love". The proposed co-star of Lionel Barrymore or George Arliss were rejected as "old fossils". In 1925, Dressler filmed a pair of two-reel short movies in Europe for producer Harry Reichenbach. The movies, titled the Travelaffs, were not released and were considered a failure by both Dressler and Reichenbach. Dressler announced her retirement from show business.
In early 1927, Dressler received a lifeline from director Allan Dwan. Although versions differ as to how Dressler and Dwan met, including that Dressler was contemplating suicide, Dwan offered her a part in a film he was planning to make in Florida. The film, The Joy Girl, an early color production, only provided a small part as her scenes were finished in two days, but Dressler returned to New York upbeat after her experience with the production.
Later that year, Frances Marion, a screenwriter for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio, came to Dressler's rescue. Marion had seen Dressler in the 1925 vaudeville tour and witnessed Dressler at her professional low-point. Dressler had shown great kindness to Marion during the filming of Tillie Wakes Up in 1917, and in return, Marion used her influence with MGM's production chief Irving Thalberg to return Dressler to the screen. Her first MGM feature was The Callahans and the Murphys (1927), a rowdy silent comedy co-starring Dressler (as Ma Callahan) with another former Mack Sennett comedian, Polly Moran, written by Marion.
The film was initially a success, but the portrayal of Irish characters caused a protest in the Irish World newspaper, protests by the American Irish Vigilance Committee, and pickets outside the film's New York theatre. The film was first cut by MGM in an attempt to appease the Irish community, then eventually pulled from release after Cardinal Dougherty of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia called MGM president Nicholas Schenck. It was not shown again, and the negative and prints may have been destroyed. While the film brought Dressler to Hollywood, it did not re-establish her career. Her next appearance was a minor part in the First National film Breakfast at Sunrise. She appeared again with Moran in Bringing Up Father, another film written by Marion. Dressler returned to MGM in 1928's The Patsy as the mother of the characters played by stars Marion Davies and Jane Winton.
Hollywood was converting from silent films, but "talkies" presented no problems for Dressler, whose rumbling voice could handle both sympathetic scenes and snappy comebacks (the wisecracking stage actress in Chasing Rainbows and the dubious matron in Rudy Vallée's Vagabond Lover). Frances Marion persuaded Thalberg to give Dressler the role of Marthy in the 1930 film Anna Christie. Garbo and the critics were impressed by Dressler's acting ability, and so was MGM, which quickly signed her to a $500-per-week contract. Dressler went on to act in comedic films which were popular with movie-goers and a lucrative investment for MGM. She became Hollywood's number-one box-office attraction, and stayed on top until her death in 1934.
She also took on serious roles. For Min and Bill, with Wallace Beery, she won the 1930–31 Academy Award for Best Actress (the eligibility years were staggered at that time). She was nominated again for Best Actress for her 1932 starring role in Emma, but lost to Helen Hayes. Dressler followed these successes with more hits in 1933, including the comedy Dinner at Eight, in which she played an aging but vivacious former stage actress. Dressler had a memorable bit with Jean Harlow in the film: Harlow: I was reading a book the other day.
Dressler: Reading a book?
Harlow: Yes, it's all about civilization or something. A nutty kind of a book. Do you know that the guy said that machinery is going to take the place of every profession?
Dressler: Oh my dear, that's something you need never worry about. Following the release of Tugboat Annie Dressler appeared on the cover of Time in its issue dated August 7, 1933. Despite glamour actresses such as Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, or Norma Shearer MGM's most prominent female star at the time was Dressler. The aging star consistently packed movie theaters with hits like Min and Bill, Emma, and Tugboat Annie. An exhibitors poll inside the January 1933 issue of Motion Picture Herald had Dressler as the number one box office star in Hollywood.
Coming to movie stardom late, Dressler had no pretensions and a delightful sense of humor. Once, when visiting William Randolph Hearst's California palace San Simeon, a monkey pelted her with some of his excrement. Dressler responded, "Oh, a critic!".
Dressler was very grateful for her career's late resurgence. While working on two films with Wallace Beery, Tugboat Annie and Min and Bill, she refused to take nonsense from the notorious "son of a bitch". In response to one of Beery's insults, she said, "look you silly shit, you pull one more thing like that on me and I'll have your head. On a platter. And not an expensive platter. A little, cheap, lousy, wooden platter. Like John the Baptist. With a personal note to L.B. Mayer."
Dressler's newly regenerated career came to an abrupt end when she was diagnosed with terminal cancer in the early 1930s. MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer learned of Dressler's illness from her doctor (who didn't even tell Dressler of her condition). The studio chief took it upon himself to take charge of Dressler's health. To keep her home, he ordered her not to travel, forcing her to miss a charity event in New York. Although furious, Dressler complied. She only learned about her condition six months later. After some experimental cancer therapy, Dressler returned to work under limitations enforced by Mayer. For the rest of her career, the actress only worked three hours a day and had mandatory stand-ins wherever possible. Before she died in July 1934, Dressler starred in three more features, including Dinner at Eight.
She appeared in more than 40 films, and achieved her greatest successes in talking pictures made during the last years of her life. The first of her two autobiographies, The Life Story of an Ugly Duckling, was published in 1924. A second book, My Own Story, "as told to Mildred Harrington", appeared a few months after her death.
Personal life
Dressler's first marriage was to an American, George Francis Hoeppert (1862 – September 7, 1929), a theatrical manager. His surname is sometimes given as Hopper. The couple married on May 6, 1894, in Grace Church Rectory, Greenville, New Jersey, as biographer Matthew Kennedy wrote, under her birth name, Leila Marie Koerber. Some sources indicate Dressler had a daughter who died as a small child, but this has not been confirmed. In 1904, Dressler adopted an incubator baby girl and named her Marie Dressler. Her marriage to Hoeppert gave Dressler U.S. citizenship, which was useful later in life, when immigration rules meant permits were needed to work in the United States, and Dressler had to appear before an immigration hearing. Ever since her start in the theatre, Dressler had sent a portion of her salary to her parents. Her success on Broadway meant she could afford to buy a home and later a farm on Long Island, which she shared with her parents. Dressler made several attempts to set up theatre companies or theatre productions of her own using her Broadway proceeds, but these failed and she had to declare bankruptcy several times.
In 1907, Dressler met a Maine businessman, James Henry "Jim" Dalton, who became her companion until his death on November 29, 1921, at the Congress Hotel in Chicago from diabetes. According to Dalton, the two were married in Europe in 1908. However, according to Dressler's U.S. passport application, the couple married in May 1904 in Italy.
Dressler reportedly later learned that the "minister" who had married them in Monte Carlo was actually a local man paid by Dalton to stage a fake wedding. Dalton's first wife, Lizzie Augusta Britt Dalton, claimed he had not consented to a divorce or been served divorce papers, although Dalton claimed to have divorced her in 1905. By 1921, Dalton had become an invalid due to diabetes mellitus, and watched her from the wings in his wheelchair. After his death that year, Dressler was planning for Dalton to be buried as her husband, but Lizzie Dalton had Dalton's body returned to be buried in the Dalton family plot.
After Dalton's death, which coincided with a decline in her stage career, Dressler moved into a servant's room in the Ritz Hotel to save money. Eventually, she moved in with friend Nella Webb to save on expenses. After finding work in film again in 1927, she rented a home in Hollywood on Hillside Avenue. Although Dressler was working from 1927 on, she was still reportedly living hand to mouth. In November 1928, wealthy friends Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Neurmberg gave her $10,000, explaining they planned to give her a legacy someday, but they thought she needed the money immediately. In 1929, she moved to Los Angeles to 6718 Milner Road in Whitley Heights, then to 623 North Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills, both rentals. She moved to her final home at 801 North Alpine in Beverly Hills in 1932, a home which she bought from the estate of King C. Gillette. During her seven years in Hollywood, Dressler lived with her maid Mamie Cox and later Mamie's husband Jerry.
Miscellanea
Although atypical in size for a Hollywood star, Dressler was reported in 1931 to use the services of a "body sculptor to the stars", Sylvia of Hollywood, to keep herself at a steady weight.
Biographers Betty Lee and Matthew Kennedy document Dressler's long-standing friendship with actress Claire Du Brey, whom she met in 1928. Dressler and Du Brey's falling out in 1931 was followed by a later lawsuit by Du Brey, who had been trained as a nurse, claiming back wages as Dressler's nurse.
Death
On Saturday, July 28, 1934, Dressler died of cancer, aged 65, in Santa Barbara, California. After a private funeral held at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel, she was interred in a crypt in the Great Mausoleum in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California. Dressler left an estate worth $310,000, the bulk left to her sister Bonita. She bestowed her 1933 Duesenberg Model J automobile and $35,000 to her maid of 20 years, Mamie Steele Cox, and $15,000 to Cox's husband, Jerry R. Cox, who had served as Dressler's butler for four years. Dressler intended that the funds should be used to provide a place of comfort for black travelers, and the Coxes used the funds to open the Coconut Grove night club and adjacent tourist cabins in Savannah, Georgia, in 1936, named after the night club in Los Angeles.
Legacy
Dressler's birth home in Cobourg, Ontario, is known as Marie Dressler House and is open to the public. The home was converted to a restaurant in 1937 and operated as a restaurant until 1989, when it was damaged by fire. It was restored, but did not open again as a restaurant. It was the office of the Cobourg Chamber of Commerce until its conversion to its current use as a museum about Dressler and as a visitor information office for Cobourg. Each year, the Marie Dressler Foundation Vintage Film Festival is held, with screenings in Cobourg and in Port Hope, Ontario. A play about the life of Marie Dressler called "Queen Marie" was written by Shirley Barrie and produced at 4th Line Theatre in 2012 and Alumnae Theatre in 2018.
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Dressler has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1731 Vine Street, added in 1960. After Min and Bill, Dressler and Beery added their footprints to the cement forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, with the inscription "America's New Sweethearts, Min and Bill."
Canada Post, as part of its "Canada in Hollywood" series, issued a postage stamp on June 30, 2008, to honour Marie Dressler.
Dressler is beloved in Seattle. She played in two films based on historical Seattle characters. Tugboat Annie (1933) was loosely based on Thea Foss, of Seattle. Likewise Hattie Burns, in Politics (1931), was based on Bertha Knight Landes, the first woman to become mayor of Seattle.
Dressler's 152nd birthday was commemorated in a Google Doodle on November 9, 2020.
Stage
Note: The list below is limited to New York/Broadway theatrical productions
Quotes
* "If ants are such busy workers, how come they find time to go to all the picnics?"
* "You're only as good as your last picture"
Images
* 1922 passport photo
* Ephemera at Virtual History
* Marie Dressler sneezing, c.1900
* Ephemera at New York Public Library
* 1908 portrait at Washington University Libraries (archived)
* 1911 still from Tillie's Nightmare at Washington University Libraries (archived)
* 1917 still from Tillie the Scrub Lady at Washington University Libraries (archived) | WIKI |
Fulay, Abdasa
Fulay is a panchayat village in Gujarat, India. Administratively it is under Abdasa Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat. Fulay is 19 km by road northwest of the town of Naliya.
Demographics
In the 2001 census, the village of Fulay had 255 inhabitants, with 135 males (52.9%) and 120 females (47.1%), for a gender ratio of 889 females per thousand males. | WIKI |
Page:The Early English Organ Builders and their work.djvu/66
to Sir Dudley Carleton, December 7, 1616, speaking of the King's intended progress to Scotland, adds: "We hear they made great preparations there to be in their best equipage; and from hence (London) many things are sent, but specially a pair of organs that cost above £400, besides all manner of furniture for a chapel, which Inigo Jones tells me he hath the charge of."
Some years after this, we are introduced, for the first time, to a Scotch organ builder. The author of "Rouen: its History and Monuments," speaking of the church of St. Godard, says: "In 1556, its organ was a very small one. It was afterwards enlarged; but in 1562, it was destroyed by the Calvinists. The present organ, which was built in 1640, is the work of a Scotchman named ."
Of organs in Ireland, I have not been able to meet with any particulars, and they would seem to have been almost unknown in that country in early times. In | WIKI |
Venous translucence
The term venous translucence (or translumination) has been used in phlebology since 1996 by surgeon Pedro Fernandes Neto during ambulatory clinical exams in Brazil. His results were published in the annals of the national and international congresses of angiology. Venous translucence is the process of reflective image visualization of veins by light, which reaches up to the superficial venous system. It is a non-invasive method. Since it is a simple, low-cost technique it can be repeated as needed, which is useful in disease-process monitoring. It is a new diagnostic procedure, still undergoing investigation; more analysis is necessary to hone its technical aspects. Venous translucence is based on optical physics. It is caused by the refraction, absorption and reflection of light (whose principle is the dispersion and absorption of light). The color which is not absorbed is reflected, and is the one that is seen. Therefore, venous translumination is based on the incidence of luminosity on the vein, where part of the light is absorbed and another reflected (supplying a silhouette of the vein in question).
Technical aspects
Steps must be taken to avoid artifacts or luminous pollution during the venous translumination. Reflection and refraction of light are important to avoid distorted images which can appear during a scanning. Many are due to inappropriate sources which would provoke light loss similar to luminous pollution.
During the venous translumination, the amount of reflected light depends on the index of refraction which can be altered by the venous thrombosis. Certain types of lamps process more dispersion than reflection, and therefore favor the formation of artifacts.
Another aspect is the inability to be obtain useful images with a fiber-optic source due to the high irradiation frequency. It is also known that the reflection in an optic fiber source is initially processed internally. Certain instruments are not specific to obtain reflected images. The illumination of the skin by distant infrared light, without the impression of the source on the skin, does not reveal a diagnostic image. The translumination transductor must be in direct contact with the skin. The process should be similar to that used in Doppler ultrasonography.
Tissue
Tissue transluminated by white light has a refraction index in agreement with its texture. By the impression of the camera on the skin, red and yellow colors are observed. The red color is soon dispersed in the skin and the yellow surrounding it begins to alter its tonality with the change in source direction. A shade with the change of source direction arises. It is known that the refraction index changes in agreement with the spectrum of transmitted light; when the white light is projected and finds an obstacle, it becomes separated into the three elementary colors (red, blue and green). Light during translumination may have greater dispersion or reflection, depending on how the source is placed on the examined area. This handling may improve or degrade the image, depending on the examiner's experience.
Light interaction with skin color
Skin is opaque to light. In physics light reception, heat or other type of radiant energy on the part of molecules is called absorption. When tissues are illuminated during translumination, some light is absorbed and some reflected. It is known that an object which absorbs all radiation is seen as black; the pigments that give color to the skin and the other tissues, absorb certain wavelengths of white light and transmit radiant energy. This is an aspect of color as captured by our vision. The mechanism by which certain substances absorb more light than others apparently depends on their molecular structure. Light, when reaching more pigmented areas, disperses and reflects more easily; the refraction index is smaller, and it is difficult for white light to penetrate below the skin. Studies of the distribution of elastin and collagen fibers in patients with dermal lesions need to be analyzed for changes. A study of tissue consistency using translumination and dermatoscopy could supply important data complementing the diagnosis of some collagen diseases and study tissue aging. Skin color affects the effectiveness of translumination; individuals with light skin have better venous visualization during the translumination than those with darker skin.
Blood viscosity and flow
The erythrocytes absorb more light because they are oxygenated. Considering that aspect, we can deduce that venous blood has a light absorption different from arterial blood (in which sanguine viscosity is greater, due to the higher concentration of CO2. In that sense, venous blood has a greater ability to reflect light. When an arterial-venous fistulae is transluminated, there are few reflected images because flow velocity is higher and sanguine viscosity lower than in the venous segment. It is impossible to visualize arteries by translumination, because they do not provide a reflection due to their accelerated flow. Another aspect is that iron, which composes hemosiderin, emits light of several wavelengths when stimulated.
Histogram
In translumination, the spectrum of white light is divided into different wavelengths (colors). A histogram represents the graphic visualization of these colors and the luminescence of the obtained images. In a histogram, the intensity of the luminescence is accompanied by a gray baseline that decreases as the source approaches, where the red scale is more intense and is represented by a line in ascension. The scales of blue and green colors represent the refraction indexes of the light emitted by the transluminator in contact with the studied area. In the histogram when the selection of a scale (for example, the green scale) is disabled, the luminescence intensity of captured images may be mapped. Bollinger et al. reported their experience: denominated fluorescence video miscroscopy, based on the video capture of images and study of their luminescence through light emission stimulated by 20% sodium-fluorocein (0.3 mL/L of blood). The principles of spectrographic analysis of this test are similar to those used to evaluate the luminescence of captured images by venous translumination, and the histogram also evaluates the scales of red, blue and green (RGB). All organic components are composed of chemical elements that emit light according to their wavelength. This is why the histogram analysis of transluminated images could define an organic element according to the quality and amount of their components. | WIKI |
Portal:University of Oxford/Project links
Links to related material on Wikipedia and elsewhere, together with associated Wikiprojects | WIKI |
Kesmetepe, Besni
Kesmetepe is a town (belde) and municipality in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,582 (2021).
The settlements of Çakmak and İncekoz are attached to the village. Çakmak is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe. | WIKI |
Merck's sBLA for Keytruda in Lung Cancer Gets Extended Review
MerckMRK announced that the FDA has extended the review period of a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for its blockbuster drug, Keytruda, by three months. The sBLA is seeking approval of the PD-1 antibody as monotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous or squamous non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC") in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 protein levels of 1 percent or greater (TPS of ≥1 percent).
As a result, the regulatory body will now announce its decision by Apr 11, 2019 instead of the previously anticipated date in January 2019. The FDA extended the review period as Merck submitted additional data and analyses, which was considered a major amendment to the sBLA.
The sBLA was filed based on overall survival ("OS") data from the phase III study - KEYNOTE-042 - which evaluated Keytruda in a patient population whose tumors express PD-L1 protein levels of 1 percent or greater.
Notably, Keytruda monotherapy is already marketed for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 protein levels of 50 percent or greater (TPS of ≥50 percent) based on data from the KEYNOTE-024 study.
If the OS data from KEYNOTE-042 study are approved to be included in Keytruda's label, the drug can be prescribed to treat an expanded lung cancer patient population, further reinforcing its position in the lung cancer market.
So far this year, Merck's shares have outperformed the industry , rising 30.6% compared with a 1.6% increase for the industry.
Data from the KEYNOTE-042 study showed that median OS was 16.7 months in the Keytruda arm versus 12.1 months in the chemotherapy arm in NSCLC patients with TPS of ≥1 percent. The median OS was 20 months and 17.7 months in patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥50 percent and TPS of ≥20 percent, respectively.
We remind investors that Keytruda is a key contributor to Merck's sales growth. The company is also focused on developing the drug in several cancer indications as well as in different treatment settings. In fact, the drug has received approval for label expansion in several cancer indications in 2018 including a difficult-to-treat metastatic squamous NSCLC in first-line setting.
Merck is also evaluating Keytruda in more than 850 clinical studies across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. Merck has collaborated with several companies including Amgen AMGN , Incyte INCY , Glaxo GSK and Pfizer separately for the evaluation of Keytruda in combination with other regimens.
Merck & Co., Inc. Price
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How to back up and restore my Ponyhoof settings?
You can back up your Ponyhoof settings for easy restores. Right now, this involves using the hidden Debug options but we may make this easier to access in the future:
1. Go to www.facebook.com
2. Open Ponyhoof Options
3. Click the Misc tab at the top of Ponyhoof Options 5 times to reveal the hidden Debug options
4. Scroll to the bottom and click Open settings editor
5. Click Save settings to file and save the text file to somewhere, such as your Downloads folder
To load back your settings:
1. Go to www.facebook.com
2. If the “Welcome to Ponyhoof” screen appears, select any random pony and close it
3. Re-open the settings editor (see above)
4. Click Load settings from file and select the text file you just saved
Last edited on 2018-09-24 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Immanuel Kant - Dreams of a Spirit-Seer - tr. Emanuel Fedor Goerwitz (1900).djvu/85
Rh remain that the weak conceptions of our understanding were applied to the Highest perhaps very erroneously. For it is incumbent upon man to judge of the divine will only from the harmony which he actually perceives in the world, or which, by the rule of analogy, according to the order of nature, he may suppose to be in it; he is not entitled to imagine new and arbitrary arrangements in the present or future world, according to some scheme of his own wisdom which he prescribes to the divine will.
We now turn our consideration again into the former path, and approach the aim which we have set before ourselves. If the facts of the spirit-world be such as we have stated, and the share of our soul in it be truly pictured in the sketch just made, then scarcely anything appears more strange than that communion with spirits is not quite a common and ordinary thing; and what is extraordinary about it is rather the scarcity of apparitions than their possibility. This difficulty is tolerably easy to remove and already has been partly removed. For the conception which the soul of man has of itself as of a spirit, which, moreover, it has obtained through contemplation of the immaterial, i.e., by observing itself in its relation to beings of similar nature, this conception is entirely different from that where its consciousness conceives itself as a man, by means of an image originated in the impression of corporeal organs and conceived of in relation to none but corporeal things. It is, therefore, indeed one subject, which is thus at the same | WIKI |
June 30, 2015
Recommended Topic Related To:
Nimotop
" Type 2 diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which the body produces insulin but isn't able to use it effectively. As a result, glucose builds up in blood and may ultimately damage nerves, blood vessels, and other b"...
Nimotop
Nimotop Side Effects Center
Medical Editor: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD
Nimotop (nimodipine) Capsules are calcium channel blockers and are available in generic form. The drug indicated for the improvement of neurological outcome by reducing the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms regardless of their post-ictus neurological condition (i.e., Hunt and Hess Grades I-V). Side effects may include but are not limited to: unusually fast or slow heartbeats, fainting, and hypotension.
The oral dose is 60 mg (two 30 mg capsules) every 4 hours for 21 consecutive days, preferably not less than one hour before or two hours after meals. Oral Nimotop therapy should commence within 96 hours of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Deaths and serious, life threatening adverse events, including cardiac arrest, cardiovascular collapse, hypotension, and bradycardia, have occurred when the contents of Nimotop Capsules have been injected parenterally. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women to directly assess the effect on human fetuses. Nimodipine should be used during pregnancy or during breastfeeding only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
Our Nimotop (nimodipine) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What is Patient Information in Detail?
Easy-to-read and understand detailed drug information and pill images for the patient or caregiver from Cerner Multum.
Nimotop in Detail - Patient Information: Side Effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using nimodipine and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
• unusually fast or slow heartbeats;
• fainting or severe dizziness;
• easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;
• swelling in your legs or ankles.
Other, less serious side effects may be more likely. Continue taking nimodipine and talk to your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects:
• mild dizziness;
• flushing (redness, warmth, or tingling feeling);
• headache;
• nausea, constipation; or
• sweating.
Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Read the entire detailed patient monograph for Nimotop (Nimodipine)
What is Patient Information Overview?
A concise overview of the drug for the patient or caregiver from First DataBank.
Nimotop Overview - Patient Information: Side Effects
SIDE EFFECTS: Dizziness, lightheadedness, flushing, or swelling ankles/feet may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
To reduce dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: fainting, slow/fast heartbeat.
Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: severe abdominal pain, stomach bloating, inability to have a bowel movement for more than 3 days, severe nausea/vomiting, vision changes.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In the US -
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Read the entire patient information overview for Nimotop (Nimodipine)
What is Prescribing information?
The FDA package insert formatted in easy-to-find categories for health professionals and clinicians.
Nimotop FDA Prescribing Information: Side Effects
(Adverse Reactions)
SIDE EFFECTS
Adverse experiences were reported by 92 of 823 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (11.2%) who were given nimodipine. The most frequently reported adverse experience was decreased blood pressure in 4.4% of these patients. Twenty-nine of 479 (6.1%) placebo treated patients also reported adverse experiences. The events reported with a frequency greater than 1% are displayed below by dose.
DOSE q4h
Number of Patients
(%) Nimodipine
Sign/Symptom 0.35 mg/kg
(n=82)
30 mg
(n=71)
60 mg
(n=494)
90 mg
(n=172)
120 mg
(n=4)
Placebo
(n=479)
Decreased Blood Pressure 1 (1.2) 0 19 (3.8) 14 (8.1) 2 (50.0) 6 (1.2)
Abnormal Liver Function Test 1 (1.2) 0 2 (0.4) 1 (0.6) 0 7 (1.5)
Edema 0 0 2 (0.4) 2 (1.2) 0 3 (0.6)
Diarrhea 0 3 (4.2) 0 3 (1.7) 0 3 (0.6)
Rash 2 (2.4) 0 3 (0.6) 2 (1.2) 0 3 (0.6)
Headache 0 1 (1.4) 6 (1.2) 0 0 1 (0.2)
Gastrointestinal Symptoms 2 (2.4) 0 0 2 (1.2) 0 0
Nausea 1 (1.2) 1 (1.4) 6 (1.2) 1 (0.6) 0 0
Dyspnea 1 (1.2) 0 0 0 0 0
EKG Abnormalities 0 1 (1.4) 0 1 (0.6) 0 0
Tachycardia 0 1 (1.4) 0 0 0 0
Bradycardia 0 0 5 (1.0) 1 (0.6) 0 0
Muscle Pain/Cramp 0 1 (1.4) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.6) 0 0
Acne 0 1 (1.4) 0 0 0 0
Depression 0 1 (1.4) 0 0 0 0
There were no other adverse experiences reported by the patients who were given 0.35 mg/kg q4h, 30 mg q4h or 120 mg q4h. Adverse experiences with an incidence rate of less than 1% in the 60 mg q4h dose group were: hepatitis; itching; gastrointestinal hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia; anemia; palpitations; vomiting; flushing; diaphoresis; wheezing; phenytoin toxicity; lightheadedness; dizziness; rebound vasospasm; jaundice; hypertension; hematoma.
Adverse experiences with an incidence rate less than 1% in the 90 mg q4h dose group were: itching, gastrointestinal hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia; neurological deterioration; vomiting; diaphoresis; congestive heart failure; hyponatremia; decreasing platelet count; disseminated intravascular coagulation; deep vein thrombosis.
As can be seen from the table, side effects that appear related to nimodipine use based on increased incidence with higher dose or a higher rate compared to placebo control, included decreased blood pressure, edema and headaches which are known pharmacologic actions of calcium channel blockers. It must be noted, however, that SAH is frequently accompanied by alterations in consciousness which lead to an under reporting of adverse experiences. Patients who received nimodipine in clinical trials for other indications reported flushing (2.1%), headache (4.1%) and fluid retention (0.3%), typical responses to calcium channel blockers. As a calcium channel blocker, nimodipine may have the potential to exacerbate heart failure in susceptible patients or to interfere with A-V conduction, but these events were not observed.
No clinically significant effects on hematologic factors, renal or hepatic function or carbohydrate metabolism have been causally associated with oral nimodipine. Isolated cases of non-fasting elevated serum glucose levels (0.8%), elevated LDH levels (0.4%), decreased platelet counts (0.3%), elevated alkaline phosphatase levels (0.2%) and elevated SGPT levels (0.2%) have been reported rarely.
Drug Abuse And Dependence
There have been no reported instances of drug abuse or dependence with Nimotop® (nimodipine) .
Read the entire FDA prescribing information for Nimotop (Nimodipine)
Nimotop - User Reviews
Nimotop User Reviews
Now you can gain knowledge and insight about a drug treatment with Patient Discussions.
Here is a collection of user reviews for the medication Nimotop sorted by most helpful. Patient Discussions FAQs
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 102 Part 4.djvu/663
PUBLIC LAW 100-647—NOV. 10, 1988
102 STAT. 3633
may elect to treat base compensation as compensation." (B) Subparagraph (A) of section 89gX4) of the 1986 Code is amended by striking out "(within the meaning of section 414(s))". (c) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 89.— (1) TEMPORARY VALUATION RULES.—In the case of testing years beginning before the later of January 1, 1991, or the date 1 year after the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate first issues such valuation rules as are necessary to apply the provisions of section 89 of the 1986 Code to health plans (or if later the effective date of such rules)— (A) Section 89(g)(3)(B) of the 1986 Code shall not apply. (B)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), the value of coverage under a health plan for purposes of section 89 of the 1986 Code shall be determined in substantially the same manner as costs under a health plan are determined under section 4980B(fK4) of the 1986 Code. (ii) For purposes of determining whether an employer meets the requirements of subsections (d), (e), and (f) of section 89 of the 1986 Code, value under clause (i) may be determined under any other reasonable method selected by the employer. (2) FORMER EMPLOYEES.—The amendments made by section 1151 of the Reform Act shall not apply to former employees who separated from service with the employer before January 1, 1989 (and were not reemployed on or sifter such date), and such former employees shall not be taken into account in determining whether the requirements of section 89 of the 1986 Code are met with respect to other former employees. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent that— (A) the value of employer-provided benefits provided to any such former employee exceeds the value of such benefits which were provided under the terms of the plan as in effect on December 31, 1988, or (B) the employer-provided benefits provided to such former employees are modified so as to discriminate in favor of such former employees who are highly compensated employees. Any excess value under the preceding sentence shall be determined without regard to any increase required by Federal law, regulation or rule or any increase which is the same for employees separating on or before December 31, 1988, and employees separating after such date and which does not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees who separated from service after December 31, 1988. (3) WRITTEN PLAN REQUIREMENT.—The requirements of section 89(k)(l)(A) of the 1986 Code shall be treated as met with respect to any testing year beginning in 1989, if— (A) the plan is in writing before the close of such year, (B) the employees had reasonable notice of the plan's essential features on or before the beginning of such year, and (C) the provisions of the written plan apply for the entire year. (4) RULES TO BE PRESCRIBED BEFORE NOVEMBER 15, 1988.—Not
later than November 15, 1988, the Secretary of the Treasury or
26 USC 89 note.
� | WIKI |
Page:The Genius of America (1923).pdf/133
tween the salesman and the public, from the marketing of short stories to transactions in gold brick. When this new science is perfected, it bids fair to displace ethics, logic, and the other elements of our bankrupt philosophy. For those who have acquired the new learning, those who have the "touch," prosper. They "get away with it." They "put it across."
Under the new system, success in life is felicitously described as "getting by." This mudest expression indicates that our hero, though slightly elated by his efficiency, is no enthusiast. He is, on the contrary, just beneath his fine surface, a cynic. Knowing the hollowness of his interior, he does not respect himself. Suspecting that those with whom he traffics are equally hollow, he does not respect his public. His criterion of success implies acknowledgment that he is a fraud and his public a fool, who will pass him without challenge provided only that he "puts up a good front." It is understood that I am portraying one whom the "band-wagon" carries to the end of the road.
When I seek for an incarnate symbol of what the virtues of our young generation become when they are pushed to excess, I recall one of its representatives who burst upon us one summer evening in a crowded train coming out of | WIKI |
Talk:California Housing Accountability Act
Litigation copied to: San Francisco Bay Area Renters' Federation
(@ and anyone else) I took the entire section from the litigation section of this page and copy/pasted it into the San Francisco Bay Area Renters' Federation article, and then removed the lawsuits that are not done by SFBARF.
The Copying within Wikipedia suggests that the editors who do such copies make notes on both article talk pages; so I am adding this notice now, same notice is here: Talk:San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Renters'_Federation
Avatar317 (talk) 19:27, 25 June 2018 (UTC)Avatar317 | WIKI |
Kouchibouguac River
* There is another Kouchibouguac River that empties into the Northumberland Strait at Beaubassin East in New Brunswick.
The Kouchibouguac River is a river in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, which empties into the Northumberland Strait. It is 72 kilometres (44.7 mi) long. It is not to be confused with the Kouchibouguacis River running parallel to this river, about 6 km to the south.
This river flows through Kouchibouguac National Park. The river's name means "river of the long tides" in Mi'kmaq.
During the 19th century, the white pine forests of the area were logged to provide masts and booms for the ships of the Royal Navy. Ships were built at the mouth of this river to transport the logs to Britain. | WIKI |
A. J. and RODNEY BLAKE v. A. B. and M. B. SKELTON.
Middle Section.
May 14, 1927.
Petition for Certiorari denied by Supreme Court, December 3, 1927.
1. Highways. Opening a new road to take the place of an old road does not as a matter of law vacate the old road.
Where a new road was constructed to take the place of a part of an old road and there was nothing further done to vacate the old road, held that the building of a new way between certain points on the line of an old way is not necessarily an abandonment and discontinuance of the old way; the question is one of intention.
2. Highways. Discontinuance. Where the statute prescribed a method, the highway may be discontinued only in the manner so prescribed.
Chapter 19 of the Private Acts .of 1921, section 6, provides the method for closing a road and a road can not be vacated or abandoned unless the statute is followed.
3. Easements. An easement for a road is a vested right which can not be taken without compensation.
Where complainants for a great number of years had used a road and later a new road was built, held that they still had an easement to use the old road, the same having not been vacated.
4. Highways. Complainants held entitled to use an old road where a new road was not an adequate substitute.
In an action for an injunction restraining defendants from preventing complainants from using a road where the evidence showed that a new road had been built to take the place of the old road, but that complainants did not have an adequate approach to the new road, held that they were entitled to use the old road.
5. Injunction. Highways. Evidence. Complainants held entitled to an injunction to restrain defendant from keeping them from using the road.
Where a new road had been built to take the place of an old road, but complainants could not reach the new road because of a steep approach and defendants had prevented them using the old road, held that they were entitled to an injunction to restrain defendants from interfering with their use of the old road.
Appeal from Chancery Court, Houston County; Hon. J. W. Stout, Chancellor.
Affirmed.
J. M. Spencer, of Erin, for appellant.
H. N. Leech, of Clarksville, for appellee.
FAW, P. J.
The subject-matter of this litigation is a road. The complainants, A. J. Blake and Rodney Blake have their residence upon a farm in the 7th civil district of Houston county, which farm they have owned and occupied for more than forty-five years. The defendants, A. B. Skelton and Mrs. M. B. Skelton, have owned and occupied the farm situated immediately north of .and adjoining the farm of complainants for approximately the saíne length of time. Yellow creek flows northward through the farm of complainants and then through the farm of the defendants. The residence of the complainants is on the east side of Yellow creek, and the residence of the defendants is on the west side of Yellow creek. A public road leading from Clarksville in Montgomery eounty, through Houston county, to Waverly in Humphreys county, passes over the aforesaid farms of complainants and defendants. This road has been a public highway for many years- — indisputably more than forty-five years, and probably twice that length of time, —and prior to the year of 1921 it crossed from the west to the east side of Yellow creek near the southern boundary of complainants’ farm, at a ford known as the “upper ford,” and followed a course near to, and approximately parallel with, Yellow creek, northward across complainants’ farm, passing immediately in front of complainants’ dooryard, and thence across defendants’ farm, crossing from the east back to the west side of Yellow creek, near the northern boundary line of defendants’ farm, at a ford known as the “lower ford.”
In the year 1921 a road was built and opened for public travel over a new route from a point in the old road a short distance south of the upper ford, along the west side of Yellow creek for a distance of about a mile and a quarter, to a junction with the old road at a point a short distance north of the lower ford. This stretch of road built in 1921 is known in the record as the “new road,” and that part of the road as formerly located which lies between the termini of the new road is known in the record as the “old road.”
The complainants allege in their bill (filed November 11, 1924) that, as a result of high waters in the creek, the lower ford has washed out and is almost' impassable for vehicles; that the old road on defendants’ land is otherwise in need of repair; that defendants are denying the right of the complainants to repair said road and will not permit either the complainants or the public road overseer of the district to repair the lower ford or work said old road on defendants’ land; that complainant Rodney Blake undertook .to repair the lower ford so as to make it passable, but defendant A. B. Skelton “appeared on the scene,” objected to the complainant repairing the ford, “raised &• row, and came very near causing a serious difficulty,” and that since that time the defendants have objected to the road overseer doing necessary re.pair work, and that, as a result of such objections of defendants, the road has not been worked and repaired and is well-nigh impassable, and will, if not repaired, soon become entirely unfit for travel and use as a road.
Complainants further allege that that part of the new road located on their land is built along the side of a steep bluff and for that reason there is no practicable or feasible route by which they can reach the new road over their own land; that in order to reach their mail box and the nearest store and church it is necessary, and the most adequate and convenient route, to travel the old road and cross the lower ford; that the old road is the only adequate and convenient outlet from their premises, and the only adequate and convenient way of ingress and egress to and from their home and farm.
Complainants assert, in substance, that the.old road has never been closed or discontinued by any competent legal authority or by any procedure known to the law, and is therefore still a public road; that, if they are mistaken in their assertion that the old road has never been discontinued as a public road, • nevertheless, by virtue of the facts aforestated, they acquired and have a right of way for travel over the old road, as an easement appurtenant to their land, and therefore have a legal right to keep it open and to work and repair it without interference from the defendants; that if the court should be of the opinion that complainants are not entitled under the law to relief upon either of the aforesaid theories, then, as a ’second alternative, they are entitled, under the facts, to have a road opened for their benefit in the manner provided by chapter 75 of the Public Acts of 1921. The bill contains prayers appropriate to the foregoing averments.
The complainants also pray that an injunction issue and be served upon the .defendants enjoining them from interfering with the complainants in repairing said ford and road, and that defendants be further enjoined from interfering with the county road officials- working said road and ford and from interfering with the complainant Rodney Blake as an agent or overseer under order of the county court.
Pursuant to a fiat granted, on preliminary application, by the Judge of the 9th Judicial Circuit, a temporary injunction issued as prayed in the bill.
The defendants filed a demurrer and answer, the demurrer being “incorporated with the answer,” but as the demurrer was overruled and no error is assigned upon the action of the court in that respect, it is unnecessary to state the grounds of the demurrer.
The defendants answered the bill and in their answer they admit that they have denied, and are denying, the right of the complainants or the road overseer to work the old road or repair the lower ford. Defendants say, in their answer, that the old road is hot fenced, and may never be, and “as long as it is not needed and remains unenclosed, they have no objection to any neighbor passing over it along the way of tbe oíd road bed and across said ford,” but defendants deny that it is a public road or that complainants have an easement therein, and they deny that complainants have a legal right to travel said road or make repairs thereon without permission of defendants.
The defenses interposed by the answer are, in- substance, (1) that the construction and opening of the new road operated, in fact and in law, as an abandonment and discontinuance of the old road; (2) that before the controversy arose between complainants and defendants with respect to the repair of the lower ford, the old road was “abandoned and discontinued” as a public road by official action of the county court of Houston county; (3) that it is not true that the old road is the only outlet from the home of the complainants, and it is not true that if complainants are not permitted to keep the old road open through the land of the defendants, “they are cut off from any public road,” but that, to the contrary, complainants have an outlet to the new road over a right of way across defendants' land (for a distance of seventy-three yards) which defendants gave to complainants at the time the new road was built.
In this court it is insisted on behalf, of defendants that the old road was discontinued by official action of the Tennessee State Highway Commission in the exercise of its jurisdiction over the State Highway System conferred by chapter 149 of the Public Acts for the year of 1919.
The complainants insist that the contention just stated was not made by the defendants in the chancery court, either in their answer or otherwise. The state of the record with respect to this matter will be considered later in this opinion.
Considerable proof, in the form of depositions and exhibits, was taken and filed on behalf of the parties, respectively, and the case was finally heard by the Chancellor and a decree entered as folloAvs:
“This cause was heard on the motion to dissolve the injunction heretofore granted, the demurrer to the bill of complaint, and upon the original bill and answer and the proof in the cause, and on consideration thereof the court overrules the motion to dissolve the injunction, and finds that the demurrer is not well taken, and therefore overrules the said demurrer. The court finds from the proof that the road in controversy, on the east side of Yellow creek, has been a public highway for more than forty years, and that during that time and up to the present time the complainants have used said road as a public road and as a means of ingress and egress to and from their farm and dwelling. Complainants have no other adequate or convenient way to and from their farm and dwelling. That said road has never been closed or abandoned as a public road, that complainants Rave an easement in tbe right of way over said road. That siaid easement and right of the complainants was not annulled or destroyed by the State and county highway built on the west side of said creek; that complainants have the right to work said road and the creek ford in controversy so as to keep said road and ford in reasonably good and passable condition.
“It is accordingly ordered, adjudged and decreed. It is further adjudged that the injunction, heretofore granted in the cause, be and is hereby made perpetual, and that the complainants recover of the defendants the cost of this cause, for which execution may issue.
“The defendants except to the action of the court, in malting the foregoing decree, and pray an appeal to the next term of the Court of Civil Appeals at Nashville for the middle division of the State of Tennessee, and said prayer for an appeal is by the court allowed and granted on giving of the bond therefor as required by law or statutes.
“The bond so required'was presented in open court, with said prayer for the appeal prayed and granted, signed by the defendants and approved security and is by the court approved and the appeal perfected.”
The foregoing decree was made and entered subsequent to the enactment of chapter 100 of the Acts of 1925 creating the present “Court of Appeals” in lieu of the “Court of Civil Appeals,” and the insertion of the word “Civil” in the style of the court to which the appeal was- prayed and granted was manifestly a mere clerical error, and we have treated it as an appeal to the “Court of Appeals.”
The findings of the Chancellor as above quoted, and his decree based thereon, are challenged as erroneous by appropriate assignments of error filed by the appellants in this court.
It appears from the record, and is undisputed, that the road in controversy had been a public highway, and as such had been used by complainants as a way of ingress and egress to and from their home and farm for more than forty years at the time the new road was built.
The old road (referring to that part of the said former Clarks-ville and Waverly road which is in controversy in this case) has never been physically closed and is used by the complainants and by some other members of the traveling public. Some of the witnesses testified that they used the old road for travel in horse-drawn vehicles, mainly because the new road is on the side of a bluff and narrow in places, and they do not like' to meet automobiles on the bluff road.
But if the complainants have no legal right to use the old road over defendants’ land, the defendants, as the owners of the land, may at any time withdraw their permission; hence, a permissive use of the old road does not afford complainants the measure of relief to which they are entitled if, as a matter of law, the old road has not been vacated and discontinued as a public road, or if complainants have a right of way for travel over the old road as an easement appurtenant to their land. Morgan County v. Goans, 138 Tenn., 381, 384, 198 S. W., 69.
Moreover, the right of travel over the old road without the right to beep it in repair would be without substance.
The new road was built in the year of 1921 by A. B. Skelton (one of the defendants herein), S. W. Lashlee and J. S. Edwards as Road Commissioners for Houston county,” pursuant to a written contract of date May 2, 1921, between the Department of Highways of the State of Tennessee (usually described as the State Highway Commission) and said road commissioners of Houston county, by the terms of which contract the funds available for Houston county under the provisions of chapter 149 of the Public Acts of 1919 were to be expended upon certain designated roads in Houston county, and among others a road described in .the contract as .“from Montgomery county line to — eight miles to Dickson county line, ’ ’ which included the road in controversy.
The aforesaid Act of 1919, chapter 149, created a State Highway Department consisting of three commissioners, and provided a system for the registration and licensing of automobiles and other motor vehicles, and the collection of registration and license fees, and the revenues to be derived therefrom were appropriated and set aside as highway funds available for the purposes of the Act, and to be expended under the direction of the State Highway Commission for the construction or reconstruction and for the maintenance of public roads and bridges in the respective counties of the State’.
It was further provided in said Act (by section 21) that “all of the funds derived under this .Act shall be used by said State Highway Commission in the maintenance of said department and in carrying out the provisions of this Act relating to the construction and maintenance of said highways in the several counties of the State. Provided, however, that the net funds realized from the taxes and privileges collected under this Act which shall be distributed among all the counties of this State in the following manner and proportions:
“Half of the net funds derived by virtue of the auto tax levied in this bill shall be distributed equally among all of the counties of the State, the other and remaining half of said net funds shall be expended upon such State Highways as may be designated by the said highway commission so as to secure as far as practicable the construction and maintenance of other routes or main lines of State Highways.
‘ ‘ The State Highway Commission shall also have the right to designate the Toads in the several counties in which the fund to be distributed to the counties as herein provided shall be expended, the character of roads to be constructed, and the manner in which the expenditure for construction or maintenance shall be made.”
The section from which we have just quoted contains the further provision that “nothing in this act shall be construed as changing or modifying the provisions of chapter 74 of the Public Acts of 1917, the same being entitled, ‘An Act to provide revenue for use in road building in the State by the State Highway Department acting in conjunction with the secretary of agriculture of the United States and in conformity to an Act of the 64th Congress, approved July 11, 1916, entitled an act to provide that the United States 'shall aid the States in the construction of rural post roads and for other purposes; to provide for the expenditure of all funds raised by the State of Tennessee, to supplement said Federal appropriation and other funds raised under this act, to confer upqn the State Highway Department certain powers with respect to the distribution and expenditure of said entire funds, and to impose certain duties and place certain restrictions upon said State Highway Department with respect thereto and to provide the means and instrumentalities for laying out and carrying on the work of road building in this State as contemplated by said Federal statute; and to penalize violations of this act,’ and it is hereby declared to be the intent of the legislature that the funds collected under the provisions of said chapter 74, shall be distributed and used as therein directed. ’ ’
The new road (a mile and a quarter in length) involved in this case was built by the said road commissioners in Houston county, at a cost of $4775, pursuant to the aforementioned contract between said road commissioners of Houston county and the State Highway Commission. ' Manifestly this road was built with funds apportioned to Houston county under the provisions of section 21 of the Act of 1919 (chapter 149), supra, and did not' become a “State Aid Road” and a part of the “designated system of State Highways” contemplated by the Act of 1917, chapter 74.
In their assignments of error and brief in this court the defendants proceed on the assumption that the State Highway Commission, by its action aforestated, incorporated the old county highway (meaning that part of the old Clarksville and Waverly road located in Houston county) in the State Highway System j but in their answer below, the defendants do not, in express terms, assert that the road in controversy (either the new road or the old road) was incorporated in the State Highway System. Touching this point the answer contains only a brief paragraph as follows :
“In 1919 defendant A. B. Skelton and Dr. J. S. Edwards and S. W. Lashlee, were elected road commissioners by the county court of Houston County, Tennessee, to supervise and handle the automobile fund, distributed to ,the county, under chapter 149, Public Acts of Tennessee, 1919, page 546. Soon thereafter, they had the new road in question surveyed by D. T. Poust, a surveyor, submitted this action to the Highway Commission of the State, and the same was approved by the commission, and the road built at a cost of $4775.”
There is no averment in the defendants’ answer (and no evidence in the record) that the State Highway Commission ever took any action looking to the discontinuance of the old road in controversy, but there is an averment in the answer that the old road was discontinued by official action of the county court of Houston county. On this .latter point the answer says:
“Respondents say that the old road mentioned therein ihas, for the time stated, at least, been a public road known as the Yellow Creek road leading from Clarksville, Montgomery county, to Waverly, in Humphreys county, but as to the portion of same in controversy here, it was abandoned and discontinued by the official action of the county court taken prior to the alleged action of the complainants at the January term, 1922, in the form of a petition, signed and supported by affidavits, and has never since been opened up as a public road.”
We think it evident from the testimony of the defendant A. B. Skelton that he did not regard the new road, when completed, as a “State Highway,” and that it was considered and treated by the county court and other officials of Houston county as one- of the public roads of Houston county, to be maintained by the county. We quote from defendant Skelton’s deposition as follows:
“Q'. State your age, residence -and occupation? A. Age 46, residence 7th civil district, Houston county, farming.
“Q. A. Yes, sir.
“Q. How long have you lived there in the community where you live? A.
“Q. This changed portion of the road along the bluff there, is just a change in the old Clarksville and Waverly road at that point, is it? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. What was the occasion for bringing about that change? A. .Well, in 1919, I think it was in 1919, the legislature passed an act that each county in the State would get half, half of the automobile funds, and this road had needed being changed for a number of years, and in fact this was the first opportunity to get any funds available to make the change.
‘ ‘ Q. Why was a ' change needed there, just state the physical conditions. A. Well, during the winter season the water came up and you can’t drive an automobile on account of the high water, very well on account of. the two fords to cross.
“Q. State whether this is a violent creek with dangerous fords at that point? A. Yes, sir, very dangerous, .when the creek is up, part of the road ran up and down the creek.
“Q. State whether there has been a demand by the public for a road at that point many years? A. Yes, sir, been talked for a number of years.
“Q. But your county had never seen fit to make, the necessary expense? A. No sir.
“Q. You were one of the road commissioners for Houston county, at the time the negotiations were begun, and at the time the contract was made with the State Highway Department with reference to this change? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. You had negotiations about it for some time before you entered into.a contract, did you? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. Well, prior to entering into this contract, state whether the road commissioners of the county, you one of them, had a survey made as to bring the attention of the State Highway Commission to the change that was made? A. Yes, sir, we had it surveyed.
“Q. Who made the survey. A. D. T. Foust.
“Q. State whether he reported that survey to the attention of the highway department, and entered into a contract about this matter? A. Well, we commissioners went over to Nashville in the spring, I think it was of 1920, and designated those roads that we wanted to expend this money on, and made this contract with the highway department for that purpose.
“Q. Was that after the survey? A. That was after the survey.
“Q. The highway department had Mr. Foust survey, did it? A. No, sir, they didn’t have it that day. We told them of the survey.
“Q. He made that survey sometime in 1920? A. Well, I don’t remember whether it was in 1920, I wouldn’t positively say,—
"Q. Anyhow you never entered into a contract until later on? A. No. sir.
“Q. Who were the other road commissioners of your county when these negotiations were had and when you finally made the contract? A. Dr. J. S. Edwards at Erin and Mr. Lashlee at McKinnon.
“Q. Please state if you have a copy of the contract between the department of highways and with you commissioners, and if so, state the date of it and make it Exhibit No. 1 to your deposition. A. Yes, sir, this is the contract made, May 2, 1921, I will make it Exhibit No. 1.
“Q. Now this road is one of the roads referred to in this contract in which the highway department joined in with the county as it states, which one did you call it? A. Road out from Montgomery county line to Dickson county line.
“Q. From what point to what- point? A. From Montgomery county line to Dickson county line.
' “Q. That is the old Clarksville and Waverly road, is it? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. These others they undertake to contract in your county are on different roads? A. Yes, sir, they were in Dr. Edwards and Mr. Lashlee’s province to look after.
“Q. State if you made a similar contract with reference to other roads with the highway department later on, and if so, give the date of that contract and make it Exhibit No. 2 to your deposition? A. Yes, sir, this is the contract, April 10, 1922, leading from Erin to Dickson county line.
”Q. That concerns a different public road from this? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. But the same kind of contract? A. Makes connection just above that.
“Q. It concerns several other roads taken over by the highway department? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. They appear on the face of the contract themselves? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. Now this work was the old Clarksville and Waverly road covered by this first contract, takes in this change there, from along the creek to the bluff on the west side? A. Yes, sir.
”Q. In pursuance of this contract this change was made? A. Yes, sir.
“Q. At how much cost to your county? A. $4775.
“Q. The commission used the automobile fund of the county to defray that expense? A. Yes, sir.”
Defendant A. B. Skelton filed as an exhibit to his deposition, without objection from the complainants, a certified copy of cer-. tain proceedings of the county court of Houston county, 'hnd testified that he could find no record of any othen proceedings in the county court witb reference to tbe matters in controversy in tbis case. Tbe county court record thus exhibited seems to be treated by botb parties as tbe entire record of tbe county court on tbe subject. It is as follows:
“January Term, January 2, 1922.
“Monday morning, January 2, 1922, tbe Quarterly Court of Houston County met in regular session, pursuant to court in course, and was duly opened according to law by Sheriff W. C. Brooks and there being a quorum present the following proceedings were had and entered of record, to-wit:
‘ ‘ On motion S. W. Lasblee was elected Highway Commissioner in District No. 1 to handle auto money.
“On motion Dr. J. S. Edwards was elected Highway Commissioner for District No. 4.
“On motion A. B. Skelton was elected Highway Commissioner for District No. 7.
“On motion Rodney Blake was allowed his and his hands road time living on his farm to keep up the creek road running by his house so as to intersect the bluff road above and below Blake’s house, and that the creek road be kept open.
“April Term of County Court 1922.
“Monday morning, April 3, 1922.
“The Quarterly Court met in regular session pursuant to Court in course with the following Magistrates present and J. R. Lee, Chairman Protem the Chair and the following proceedings were had: E. P. Simpkins, G-. W. Lockhart, C. D. French, J. R. Lee, T. GK Keenan, J. W. Reynolds, W. E. Ross, Walter Sugg, W. H. Rice, W. W. Patterson, G-. P. Parchman, and K. L. Hall.
“On motion the overseer of District No. 7, Section No. 1, be ordered to work and keep up the old road running by A. J. and Rodney Blake’s.
“On motion the order authorizing the overseer in District No. 7, Section No. 1, was rescinded and Rodney Blake allowed his and his hands time as was passed at the January Term, 1922.
“July Term of County Court 1922.
“Monday morning, July 3rd, 1922. The Quarterly Court met in regular session, pursuant to court in course and there being a quorum present and was duly opened by Sheriff W. C. Brooks with J. W. Robertson in the Chair when the following proceedings were had, to-wit: B. A. Hooper, E. P. Simpkins, G-. W. Lock-hart, G-. T. Buckhanan, C. D. French, J. W. Reynolds, K L. Hall, W. W. Patterson, and G-. P. Parchman.
“On motion the overseer in District No. 7, Section No. 1, be ordered to work the road running by Mr. Rodney Blake’s house as other roads. On motion I. R. Bledsoe offered his resignation as overseer and same was accepted.
“April Term of County Court 1923.
“April 2nd, 1923, he it remembered that the Quarterly Court for Houston Cotxnty, met pursuant to adjournment and' was opened in due form of law by W. C. Brooks, Sheriff, with the Honorable J. R. Lee, Chairman, present and presiding, when the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
“On motion A. B. Skelton have the road fixed in District No. 7, by using all free labor available and if necessary he be allowed funds due that section to complete the road, said road known as the hill and the Reddick hill.
“October Term of County Court 1923.
“Be it remembered that the October Quarterly' Court met pursuant to adjournment and was opened in due form of law by W. C. Brooks, Sheriff, with the Honorable J. R. Lee, Chairman, present and presiding when the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
“On motion the new road built by A. B. Skelton along the Blake Bluff be declared and accepted as a County road and be worked as such and the old creek road be thrown out as a County road but not to be stopped up. ' ■ ■
“January Term of County Court 1924.
“Be it remembered that the Houston County Quarterly Court was called to order on January 7, 1924, by W. C. Brooks, Sheriff, with the Honorable J. R. Lee, Chairman, present and presiding when the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
“Invocation prayer by Rev. J. T. Cotton.
“On motion Rodney Blake be allowed to work his and his rneh’s time on the old road along his place.
“On motion the following overseers are elected for 1924. A. B. Skelton to work the Ellis MJll Section.
“January Term of County Court 1925.
“Bo it remembered that the Quarterly Court for Houston County was opened in due form of law by R. IT. Fremce, Sheriff, with the Honorable J. R.. Lee, Chairman, present and presiding when the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
“On motion A. B. Skelton was elected road overseer by acclamation.
“On motion Court adjourned until Court in course.
‘ ‘ Signed.
“J. R. Lee
“N. E. Christianson
“A. F. Weaver
“Ed Simpkins
“R. R. Spurgeon
“R. C. Mobley
“A. L. McMillan
“C. N. Parker
“Ed Ross.”
“D. T. Walker
“W. H. Rice
“W. W. Patterson
“T. L. Dreaden
“J. W. Robertson
“V. A. Rye
“G. P. Parchman.”
It also appears from the testimony of Mr. Skelton that the minutes of the April Term, 1923, included in the above-quoted county court record, have no bearing on the present controversy- — -that the road “known as the hill and the Reddick hill” is not a part of the road involved in this ease, but is situated in a different locality.
We cannot agree to the contention of defendants that the construction, opening and acceptance of the new road, as a public road, necessarily, and as a matter of law, operated as an abandonment and discontinuance of that part of the old road lying between the termini of the new road. The building of a new way between certain points on the line of an old way is not necessarily an abandonment and discontinuance of the old way; the question is one of intention. See Note in 5 L. R. A., p. 652 and cases there cited.. This principle was recognized in the ease of Young v. State, 9 Yerg. 390.
And in such case an intention to discontinue the old road, where such discontinuance would prejudice vested rights of abutting property owners, is not effective in the absence of appropriate proceedings in which the interested parties are afforded an opportunity to be heard.
Once established, a highway does not cease to be such until it is vacated and discontinued in due course of law. Elkins v. State, 2 Humph., 542; Gilson v. State, 5 Lea, 161; Note 26 L. R. A., 823, 827; Driggs v. Phillips, 103 N. Y., 77.
The location or route of a highway can be changed only by competent authority and in the manner prescribed by law. The person dedicating it and those claiming under him have no right to make such a change. Cole v. Sprowl, 35 Me., 161, 56 Am. D. 696; Miller v. Corinna, 42 Minn. 39; People ex rel. Hart v. Marin County (Cal.), 26 L. R. A. 659, 663; Elkins v. State, supra.
Where the statute prescribes a method, the highway may be discontinued only in the manner so prescribed. Moffitt v. Brainard (Iowa), 26 L. R. A., 821, and Note to that case; Hill v. Hoffman (Tenn. Chy. App.), 58 S. W. 929, 932. And the burden of showing a discontinuance, vacation or abandonment is on the party who asserts it. Town of Basic City v. Bell, Anno. Cas. 1914A, p. 1031.
In their brief, defendants rely on the'case of State Highway Department v. Mitchell’s Heirs, 142 Tenn., 58, 216 S. W., 336, as supporting their contention that the opening of the new road ipso facto discontinued the old road. It was held in that case that the State Highway Commission had authority to alter the course of a road, under construction as a State Highway, by a deviation of about one-third of a mile from the former location of a. public road which had been adopted as a State and Federal Aid Highway —the deviation being thought necessary to make the road conform to the Federal requirements; but the discontinuance of the old road was not involved in the case or considered by the court, and no opinion was expressed on that subject.
In the present case, the new road was completed and opened for travel in the latter part of 1921, not later than December first, and, as we have seen, the county court of Houston county, at its next ensuing term in January 1922, ordered that that part of the old road here in controversy “be kept open,” and provided for its repair by allowing Rodney Blake (complainant) and the “hands” living on his farm to work out their “road time” in the upkeep of said road. Obviously there was no intention on the part of the county court at that time to abandon, vacate or discontinue the old road.
It is provided by chapter 19 of the Private Acts of 1921 (in section 6) that “all applications, to open, change, close, or restore to public use any and all public roads in said county, shall be made by written petition to the overseer of the section in which the road is located, and if said road is intended to be located in more than one section, then the petition shall be made to the overseer of all the sections of road, or roads, interested and they shall act jointly.
‘1 The road overseer within ten days after the application has been filed with him, shall notify the person first named on the petition, of the date at which he will be present, at the beginning point mentioned in the petition, to act on the application.
“Five days written notice of the date and beginning point shall be given by the petitioners, to all persons owning or controlling lands to be affected by the proposed change; the road overseer shall attend at the appointed time and place, and if the proper notice to interested parties has been given, shall act upon the applications, assess damages if in his judgment there should be any, and report his action to the chairman of the county court. With his report he shall file the original petition, a notice to land owners, and the names of material witnesses. The chairman of the county court shall consider the whole matter, and make such orders as to the opening, changing, closing, or restoring to the public the proposed road, as the court may deem proper. Any interested party may appeal as heretofore, provided such appeal be perfected before the clerk of the county court within ten days.”
There was no attempt to “close” the old road in.the manner prescribed by the above quoted statute, and, in our opinion, it has not been discontinued, vacated or abandoned, and is yet a public road.
Moreover, the easement which complainants acquired in the old road is appurtenant to their land, and is a vested right of which they cannot be deprived without compensation. Morgan County v. Goans, supra, p. 384; Yates and Donelson Co. v. Memphis, 137 Tenn., 642, 645, 194 S. W., 903; Anderson v. Turbeville, 6 Cold., 150, 157-8; Hill v. Hoffman, supra, p. 932.
The case of Hill v. Hoffman, supra, largely determines the questions of law which we have hereinbefore discussed. The opinion of the Court of Chancery Appeals in that case (which was prepared by Mr. Justice Neil) was affirmed orally by the Supreme Court. The several rulings of the court in Hill v. Hoffman are set forth in the headnotes to that case as follows:
“1. Where an obstruction of a public road compelled abutting owners to travel much further in reaching certain necessary points than previously, they might maintain a bill in equity to enjoin the obstruction.
“2. Where a road was used by the public for sixty years under a claim of right, and there was testimony that it had been worked by the county, such facts constituted a dedication and acceptance by the public.
“3. That a public road was obstructed for two years, did not cause it to lose its character as a public road.
• “4. Under Shannon’s Code, p. 1621, declaring that no road shall be closed without five days notice to interested parties of the time the road is to be closed, and that landowners on the highways shall be deemed interested parties, where an attempt was made to close a road, and no notice was served on certain abutting owners, the acfion of the highway commissioners in closing same was void.
“5. Where a highway commissioner’s attempt to close a road was void for want of notice to the parties interested as required by statute, a bill might be maintained to restrain an obstruction established on such attempted closing.
“6. Since an abutting owner of a public road is entitled to ingress and egress to and from his premises, a public road cannot be closed in such, manner as to nullify the abutting owner’s easement.
“7. Where a bill was filed to restrain the obstruction of a public road on the ground that it was a public highway never lawfully closed, and an amendment claimed that, whether the road had been legally closed or not, complainants had an easement entitling them to ingress and egress from their premises on the road, such amendment was not improper, there being no inconsistency between it and the bill.
“8. Where a bill was filed to restrain an obstruction to a public road on the ground that it had not been lawfully closed, an exception to the bill on the ground that an abutting owner was not a party to the bill was properly overruled.
“9. Those whose lands abutted a highway, and were affected by an unlawful closing thereof, might maintain a suit in equity to restrain the closing, though their lands did not abut the highway at the exact point of the obstruction.
“10. Where a bill by abutting owners of a highway to restrain an obstruction thereof alleged that the highway Avas unlawfully obstructed, in that it had never been legally -closed, and by an amended bill set up their private right of easement of ingress and egress to and from their premises, they AAmre not estopped to set up by a subsequent amendment their right to open the road.”
The complainants in the instant case actively favored the construction of the new road and donated the right of Avay over their land, and defendant A. B. Skelton agreed (orally) with complainant Biodney Blake that complainants might have a permanent way across the defendants’ land to reach the neAV road at a point approximately midway between the termini of the neAV road, and defendant A. B. Skelton (as road commissioner) further agreed that, in the course of the construction of the new road, an approach would be built by which the neAV road could be reached from the east side at the point named. This approach Avas built as agreed (according to specifications furnished by complainant Rodney Blake) and there is an old ford (a neighborhood passAvay heretofore used by permission of land owners and not a public road) by’ which complainants can reach the new road over the “approach” above-mentioned, which, as stated, is on the land of the defendants; but this “approach” is quite steep and it is impossible for a team to draw anything like a full load up this approach to the new road.
But there was nn suggestion to complainants by defendants or anyone else, prior to the opening of the new road for travel, that the old road Avould be discontinued or abandoned, or that the defendants would claim that it had been abandoned and discontinued by the construction and opening of the new road.
. The distance from complainants’ residence to their mail box is twenty poles greater by the new road than by the old road, and the distance to the mill and store is forty-six poles greater by the new road than by the old road.
The old road is comparatively level and when the fords are 'kept in repair a much larger “load” can be hauled in wagons or other vehicles to or from the farm of complainants, for the reason that the aforesaid “approach” to the new road from complainants place is “very steep.”
We think it is clear from the evidence that the inlet and outlet to and from complainants home and farm by way of the aforesaid “approach” to the new road is not an adequate substitute for the old road, and the obstruction ()f the old road would inflict upon complainants an injury peculiar to themselves and different from that suffered by the general public.
For the reasons stated, we concur in the findings of the Chancellor. The assignments of error are therefore overruled and the decree of the Chancellor is affirmed, and a decree will be entered accordingly. The costs of the appeal will be adjudged against the defendants and the surety on their appeal bond.
DeWitt and Crownover, JJ., concur. | CASELAW |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Religious Veil
In ancient Rome a red veil, or a veil with red stripes, distinguished newly-married women from the unmarried. From the earliest times Christ was represented to the Christian virgin as a husband, the only One, according to St. Paul (I Cor., vii, 34), she had to please. It was natural that the bride of Christ should, as the vestal virgins had done, adopt the veil, which thus symbolized not so much the purity as the inviolable fidelity to Christ which was to be reverenced in her. "There is here", said St. Optatus, "a sort of spiritual marriage" ("De schismate Donatistarum", VI; P. L., XI, 1074).
The taking of the veil then suggested an obligation of constancy, which forbade, first, illicit sexual intercourse, and afterwards marriage itself. Virgins took this veil themselves, or received it from the hands of their parents. It was worn also by widows, who made a profession of continence, and was called velum, velamen, maforte, flammeus (flammeum), flammeus virginalis, flammeus Christi (Wilpert, "Die gottgeweihten Jungfrauen in den ersten Jahrhunderten der Kirche", p. 17). In addition to this private taking of the veil, there was early instituted another solemn clothing, which was performed by the bishop on feast days during the Holy Sacrifice (see St. Jerome, "Ad Demetriadem", ii; P.L., XXII, 1108; and St. Ambrose, "De lapsu virginis consecratae", v; P.L., XVI, 3726). Sometimes the bishop deputed a priest for this purpose (Fulgentius Ferrandus, "Breviarum canonum", can. xci; P.L., LXVII, 957). After a short time, the solemn consecration of virgins was reserved to the bishop, while priests gave the veil to widows. These virgins and widows were not all cloistered; those who entered a monastery received from the abbess a veil which symbolized their religious profession, and the virgins at twenty-five years of age received solemnly from the bishop the veil, which was the mark of a special consecration.
The veil thus became in convents of women the distinctive sign of the different conditions. Suarez (De religione, tr. VI, t. I, col. 11, n. 5) mentions the following as in use, or as having been in use: the veil of probation, generally white, given to novices; the veil of profession; the veil of virginal consecration, given only to virgins at the age of twenty-five years; the veil of ordination, which the nun received at the age of forty years, on becoming a deaconess, with the privilege of intoning the office and reading the homilies in choir (cap. Diaconissam, 23, c. xxvii, q. 1); the veil of prelature, which abbesses obtained as a reward at the age of sixty years (cap. Iuvenculas, 12, c. xx, q. 1); the veil of continence, which with widows took the place of the veil of the virgins (cap. Vidua, 34, c. xxvii, q. 1). Tamburinus (De iure abbatissarum, d. 27, q. 2) mentions also a veil of penitence, given to penitent sisters. Several of these veils fell into disuse; at present, we know only the veil which forms part of the religious habit. Even that has disappeared in some newly founded congregations, e.g. the Little Sisters of the Poor. Where it still exists it is customary that the veil of novices should be white. The nuns of the mendicant orders did not receive the veil of the virgins, the imposition of which was still customary in the fifteenth century and did not disappear till the end of the sixteenth century. In the eighth and ninth centuries it was found necessary to issue ecclesiastical decrees to restrain abbesses from usurping the function of the bishop and solemnly conferring the veil themselves. See the capitularies of Aachen of 789, c. lxxvi (Mon. Germ. Hist.: Capit. Reg. Franc., t. I, n. 22, can. lxxvi, p. 60); Charlemagne, can. xiv, promulgated at the Sixth Council of Paris (829), l. I, c. xliii (Hardouin, "Conc.", t. IV, col. 1321; Abelard, Ep. viii, in P.L., CLXXVIII, 318 B). In the twelfth century Abelard made a rule that a white cross on the head should distinguish the veil given to virgins by the bishop from that of the other nuns (Ep. viii, P.L., CLXXVIII, 301).
The Roman Pontifical contains the imposing ceremony of the consecration of virgins. The gift of the veil is accompanied by these words: "Receive the sacred veil, that thou mayst be known to have despised the world, and to be truly, humbly, and with all thy heart subject to Christ as His bride; and may He defend thee from all evil, and bring thee to life eternal." Wilpert quotes a very ancient form, which is common to the different liturgies: "Receive, O virgin, this holy veil, and wear it without stain until thou shalt appear before the judgment seat of Our Lord Jesus Christ, before Whom every knee shall bow, of those that are in heaven, on earth, and under the earth, for all eternity, Amen."
See VIRGINITY; also the Pontificale Romanum: De benedictione et consecratione virginum; MUJIK AND PERSCHINKA, Kunst und Leben in Alterthum (Vienna and Leipzig, 1909); DARENBERG, SAGLIO, AND POTTIER, Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines (Paris, 1904), s. v. Matrimonium.
. | WIKI |
John McGrath (footballer, born 1938)
John Thomas McGrath (23 August 1938 – 25 December 1998) was an English footballer and manager in the Football League.
He played as a defender, and started his career at Bury from 1955 to 1960. He then spent the next eight years with Newcastle United following a £24,000 transfer, helping them to the Second Division title in 1964–65. In 1968, he joined Southampton for a £30,000 fee, where he would spend the final six years of his playing career, although he also played briefly for Brighton & Hove Albion in 1973. He played 537 league and cup games in a nineteen-year career in the Football League, scoring six goals.
Starting his management career at Port Vale in 1979, he won them promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1982–83. He left to take the reins at Chester City in 1984. Appointed manager at Preston North End in 1986, he led them to promotion out of the Fourth Division as runners-up in 1986–87 before departing in 1990. He finished his career with a brief spell in charge of Halifax Town in 1992.
Bury
McGrath started out as an amateur player with local team Miles Platting Swifts and then Bolton Wanderers. Still, it was with Bury that he began his professional career in October 1955. The "Shakers" posted a 15h place finish in the Second Division under the management of Dave Russell in 1955–56. However, they suffered relegation after finishing 21st in 1956–57, five points below Notts County. Bury then finished fourth in the Third Division North in 1957–58, ten points behind champions Scunthorpe & Lindsey United. They became founder members of the Third Division in 1958–59, posting a tenth-place finish. They moved up to seventh in 1959–60, eight points behind promoted Norwich City. In his five years at Gigg Lane he made 148 league appearances, scoring two goals. He also played one game for the England under-23 team, playing alongside Bobby Moore and George Cohen against West Germany at White Hart Lane.
Newcastle United
In February 1961, McGrath found himself the subject of a bid by Newcastle United, and he left for St James' Park for a £24,000 fee. The "Magpies" suffered relegation out of the First Division in 1960–61 under Charlie Mitten, conceding 109 goals. However, because of his no-nonsense attitude and uncompromising style as a defender, McGrath soon became a real favourite with the "Toon Army" after new manager Joe Harvey "got him more aggressive". A disappointing eleventh-place finish in the Second Division followed in 1961–62, and Joe Harvey took over from Norman Smith in the management hot seat. Seventh and eighth-place finishes followed in 1962–63 and 1963–64, before McGrath was an ever-present as United were crowned champions of the Second Division in 1964–65, a single point ahead of second-placed Northampton Town. They settled into the top-flight with a 15th-place finish in 1965–66, though they only avoided relegation by one place and four points in 1966–67. They then rallied to a tenth-place finish in 1967–68. However, he lost his place in the first team to John McNamee and a young Bobby Moncur, with Graham Winstanley proving an able deputy. Overall, McGrath played 179 league and cup games for the Geordies, scoring two goals, before making the long trip to Southampton in February 1968 for £30,000.
Southampton
Under Ted Bates's stewardship, the "Saints" finished seventh in the top flight in 1968–69. They dropped to 19th in 1969–70, two places and three points ahead of relegated Sunderland. During a match against Liverpool in September 1970, McGrath collided with Alun Evans in mid-air and was accused by manager Bill Shankly of playing "alehouse football". They then shot up to seventh in 1970–71, qualifying for UEFA Cup football. Southampton then dropped again to 19th in 1971–72, two places and six points above relegated Nottingham Forest. They rose to 13th in 1972–73, but occupied the newly created 20th place relegation place in 1973–74, one point behind the safety of Birmingham City. He lost his first-team place to Paul Bennett. In December 1973, he joined Brighton & Hove Albion on loan, after manager Pat Saward struggled to find a reliable centre-back partner for Norman Gall following an injury to Ian Goodwin. He played three games for the "Seagulls", all of which ended in defeat, with a total of eight goals conceded. McGrath remained somewhat of a cult hero with The Dell faithful during what was a difficult time for the club, as he also made his mark as a very shrewd coach. He played a total of 195 games for Southampton in all competitions.
Style of play
Throughout his playing career, McGrath evolved from a "gentle" and "cultured" player into a tough, uncompromising and aggressive centre-half. McGrath was said to be "very one-pace; very one-dimensional" by Southampton teammate Terry Paine. He rarely scored goals as his role in the opposition penalty box during corner kicks was that of a "disrupter". His obituary in The Independent described how his "lurid public persona was something between Desperate Dan and Attila the Hun".
Southampton
After retiring from playing in September 1973, McGrath immediately joined the Southampton coaching staff. He was appointed youth team coach and was part of the coaching staff at Wembley when Southampton won the FA Cup in May 1976. In September 1978, he was appointed reserve team manager.
Port Vale
He got his break in management when he was appointed Port Vale manager in December 1979. A man of discipline, he had levied two fines within his first fortnight with the club. He demanded dedication and effort from his players. He managed to steady the ship at Vale Park following brief and unsuccessful reigns from rookie managers Dennis Butler and Alan Bloor, stating that "the holiday is over". The "Valiants" had flat-lined, and finished fifth-from-bottom in the Fourth Division in 1979–80, outside of the re-election zone on goals scored. He appointed John Rudge as his assistant on a recommendation. McGrath offloaded many under-performing players, transfer-listing fifteen of them, and signed goalkeeper Mark Harrison and defender Lee Harwood from Southampton. He raised publicity by placing 15 players on the transfer list and linking the club with audacious signings, whilst he was quick to give the press a witty remark.
McGrath spent the 1980–81 season attempting to whip his charges into shape, whilst Vale fans patiently awaited the true results of a manager they quickly built faith in. The only new signings he could afford to make were free signings John Allen from Leicester City and Trevor Brissett from Stoke City. Vale exited the FA Cup at the Third Round following a humiliating 3–0 defeat to non-League side Enfield. They initially struggled away from home. Still, they built their league campaign on results at Vale Park. During the season, he handed Mark Chamberlain (brother of top-scorer Neville) his debut and brought talented winger Johnny Miller to Burslem. He sold goalkeeper Trevor Dance to non-League Stafford Rangers for £10,000, as Harrison was in good form. At the way mid-way stage he brought in midfielder Terry Armstrong and big defender Andy Higgins. He solved the team's poor away form by installing a five-man defence.
He built for the 1981–82 season by signing defender Ray Deakin from Everton; midfielder Geoff Hunter from Crewe Alexandra for £12,000; and forwards Ernie Moss from Chesterfield for £12,000 and Jimmy Greenhoff from the Toronto Blizzard. They lost just one of their opening eight games, before their form suffered due to an injury crisis. In mid-season, Vale went fifteen games unbeaten before another bought of injuries caused their promotion campaign to wither into a seventh-place finish. Having drawn 12 home games, McGrath said, "we blew it at Burslem". He did, though manage to blood young striker Mark Bright and the following season handed Robbie Earle his debut, both of whom would become top-flight footballers.
Promotion was eventually achieved with a third-place finish in 1982–83. This was despite McGrath selling Mark Chamberlain and Mark Harrison to Stoke for £100,000. He made five free signings: John Ridley (a former Valiant), Wayne Cegielski (Wrexham), Les Lawrence (Torquay United), Steve Waddington (Walsall), and Barry Siddall (Sunderland). He further sold Neville Chamberlain to Stoke for £40,000, bringing in burly striker Bob Newton from Hartlepool United for £15,000. Vale went top of the table despite a goalkeeping crisis which saw Barry Siddall, Neville Southall, Neil McAdam, and Andy Poole between the sticks at different points in the campaign. He bought striker Jim Steel from Oldham Athletic for £10,000, whilst letting Ernie Moss go to Lincoln City for a £1,500 fee after judging him to be too old to be of any further use. With 34 goals conceded, Vale had the best defensive record in the Football League.
The following season, however, McGrath conflicted with chairman Jim Lloyd, who instructed him to speak to the press only on team matters; numerous players also were disgruntled over contract issues. By December 1983, Vale were three points adrift at the foot of the Third Division and McGrath was sacked. McGrath had made some poor choices during his final months at the club, signing Ireland international striker Eamonn O'Keefe from Wigan Athletic for £10,000 only to play him in midfield, and allowing player unrest to fester as several rejected new contracts and four stayed at the club on weekly contracts – this was despite Vale paying the third-highest wage bill in the division (£9,000 a week). He also offloaded top-scorer Bob Newton to Chesterfield in exchange for Martin Henderson, who was not a success. McGrath retained the support of the fans, however, who criticised the board for their decision to sack him. His assistant, John Rudge, was appointed as manager and failed to avoid relegation, though would take the club to great success in a sixteen-year spell at the club.
During his time at Vale Park, he made some unorthodox decisions, such as putting fifteen players on the transfer list at once, taking the team for a swim at Blackpool, and one time sending assistant manager John Rudge hundreds of miles on a scouting mission, only to rip up the report in the dressing room, declaring to his players that 'It's not about them, it's about us!'
Chester City
He became manager of Chester City in January 1984, who were struggling at the foot of the Fourth Division. Still, some improved results (including a derby win over Wrexham) gave cause for optimism for the following season. McGrath added experience in players such as John Butcher, Steve Fox, Mick Speight and Nigel Walker but Chester continued to struggle at the wrong end of the table. He lost his job in December 1984 after a 5–1 loss to Stockport County. Although results were not always impressive, McGrath began to mould the side that would go on to win promotion in 1985–86 after further strengthening by Mick Speight and Harry McNally. McGrath gave future England international Lee Dixon his first taste of regular first-team football at Chester.
Preston North End
In 1986, Preston North End came calling. The once proud club was on its knees, and after ending the 1985–86 season in 91st position (in the Football League), they needed some new blood and new ideas. McGrath was just the man for the job, although he was not the board's first choice, with Preston courting the services of Tranmere manager Johnny King and his successor at Port Vale John Rudge, before settling on McGrath. Striker Gary Brazil compared him to a tasmanian devil for the rapid changes he instigated at Deepdale.
He signed Sam Allardyce as his centre-half, building the defence around him. Up front he had the veteran striker Frank Worthington. With the newly laid plastic pitch already installed McGrath assembled a squad of free transfer old pros, lower league journeymen and young cast-offs to fire the team to promotion in his first season. He was seen as a hero, and after four years of relative success, McGrath departed in February 1990, leaving Preston in a far healthier position than when he'd found them.
Halifax Town
His final spell in management began on 3 October 1991, when he succeeded Jim McCalliog as manager of Fourth Division strugglers Halifax Town. In one press briefing, he told reporters there wasn't enough money to feed the club cat, which led to the club being inundated with tins of cat food from animal lovers all over England for what was a non-existent animal. He lasted just over a year at The Shay before departing on 7 December 1992, five months before Halifax finished bottom of the Football League and were relegated to the Conference.
Personal and later life
He married Ann. McGrath became a very popular after-dinner speaker, but on Christmas Day 1998 he died suddenly at his Manchester home at the age of 60.
Playing statistics
Source:
* A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the League Cup, Football League Trophy, English Football League play-offs and Full Members Cup.
As a player
Newcastle United
* Football League Second Division: 1964–65
As a manager
Individual
* Football League Fourth Division Manager of the Month: February 1983, April 1987
Port Vale
* Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion: 1982–83
Preston North End
* Football League Fourth Division second-place promotion: 1986–87 | WIKI |
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How to add your knowledge
Warp analysis log
This log can be accessed from the Study Tasks pane at any time during or after the analysis.
Analysis Progress Table
The following columns are displayed in the Warp analysis log progress table:
Kstep
The non-linear analysis load step number
Kstra
Indicates the strategy used for the solution
Nref
The number of reformations of the stiffness matrix at each step
Nite
The number of iterations in each step
Ipos
Degrees of freedom
Negpv
This is the negative diagonal term in stiffness matrix after LDL decomposition.
Detk
This is a relative measure of the stiffness of the structure. This value is always one on the first step, so values larger than one indicate increasing stiffness.
Rfac
The fraction of load applied at a step. It is important to check that the last step is 1.
Displacement
Indicates the node displacement in the Z-direction at each step.
Convergence Failure
Sometimes the following messages can occur in the progress table:
* CONVERGENCE FAILURE *
or
* DIVERGENCE OCCURRED *
When you see these warnings, look at the second column from the left (Kstra), which shows the different strategies used during the analysis. If the last value of Kstra in the progress table is in the range 0-4, then the solution will be satisfactory. If it is 5, this indicates that the Structural analysis program has given up equilibrium iterations, and the results will probably be unreliable. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What Are Telemedicine Services and Why Are They Important?
What Are Telemedicine Services and Why Are They Important?
What Are Telemedicine Services and Why Are They Important? | Over the last 18 months, the face of medical care changed. As stay-at-home orders flew left and right, people canceled surgeries and put off routine medical care. Despite all of that, people stuck at home still needed some level of access to medical care and advice.
With doctors and hospitals actively discouraging anyone who wasn’t having an emergency from coming in, what was the alternative? It turns out that the alternative was telemedicine services.
You might find yourself asking this: What are telemedicine services?
If so, keep reading for our guide to what they are and their benefits.
What Are Telemedicine Services?
Telemedicine services refer to medical services offered remotely.
That can mean something as simple as a phone call with a nurse practitioner about a rash. It can also mean virtual telemedicine, where you might conduct a psychiatric appointment through video streaming. It can even mean getting a prescription for migraine medication through a website.
The big takeaway is that provides another route for people to access medical care and advice without necessarily stepping into a clinic, hospital, or doctor’s office. This can improve efficiency and reduce costs for everyone involved.
Types of Telemedicine
There are several broad categories of telemedicine. The best known is probably live telemedicine. That is where you interact with a doctor in real time, by phone, video, or possibly even a chat program.
For example, someone with a heart condition might get a Tele-Cardiology appointment with their cardiologist.
Another type of telemedicine is remote monitoring. In these cases, doctors get data online from patients’ medical devices. That lets them monitor patients remotely and even intervene if they notice something troubling.
The other main type of telemedicine is primarily doctor-to-doctor information sharing. For example, your primary care physician can send your information to an orthopedic specialist before a consultation.
Benefits of Telemedicine
Telemedicine offers a number of benefits. One huge benefit is that it lets people who can’t normally access a doctor or clinic get medical advice.
Let’s say that someone doesn’t own a car and the nearest doctor is several miles away. Telemedicine provides them options.
Telemedicine also helps limit the spread of diseases. For example, you might not want to visit a doctor’s office during flu season or during a pandemic.
Depending on the type of appointment, telemedicine may even help with a diagnosis. Seeing your home environment can offer cues to your condition.
Telemedicine and You
Now you know the answer to the question of what are telemedicine services. You may still wonder how those services matter in your life.
Telemedicine isn’t the right tool for every medical problem. If you suffer a trauma like a severe cut or broken bone, you need in-person medical care. The same goes for a serious illness.
If you just need a medical second opinion or some monitoring for a stable condition, telemedicine is a great tool for the job.
Looking for more information about health, medicine, or wellness? Check out the articles in our Wellness section. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Naraku
Naraku may refer to:
* Naraku, Iran, a village in Bushehr Province, Iran
* Naraka, one of the underworlds of Buddhism
* Naraku (奈落), a character in InuYasha
* Ninja Slayer's ninja spirit, from Ninja Slayer
* Naraku from Senran Kagura video game franchise | WIKI |
frruaj
Etymology
Related to rruaj (I shave, but also in the above sense, to steal), and kruaj. See also qëroj.
Verb
* (slang) I steal, I pickpocket, or take something in an inappropriate manner, usually of a small value.
* 1) (Gheg)
* 2) (Middle Albania) | WIKI |
Don't Miss the Hidden Value in Honeywell International (HON) Stock
Honeywell International has a reputation for being one of the best run companies in the industrial sector, and quality rarely comes cheap. However, a deeper look at its guidance reveals a key metric that makes Honeywell look like one of the most attractive companies in its sector. Let's take a closer look.
Honeywell International: Quality but at a price
First of all let's acknowledge that Honeywell isn't a conventionally cheap stock -- after all it trades on a trailing P/E ratio of 19.5 times earnings, compared to peers like General Electric Company on 17.3 times, or its closest peer, United Technologies on 18 times. However, quality rarely comes cheap. For example, a comparative DuPont analysis of Honeywell International and United Technologies demonstrates the higher return on equity generated by Honeywell -- indicative of a higher quality of execution.
In addition, a breakout of segmental return on assets, or ROA, for Honeywell shows that Honeywell generates higher ROA in its aerospace business than United Technologies' aerospace businesses do.
So, if Honeywell International is priced at a premium that already reflects its quality, what makes the stock look attractive?
Underlying guidance is good
I'll get straight to the point. Here is what CFO Tom Szlosek said about 2015 on the fourth-quarter earnings call: "Free cash flow is expected to be in the range of $4.2 billion to $4.3 billion up 8% to 10% from 2014 with CapEx investments peaking at roughly two-times depreciation."
He went on to highlight his view that a normalized rate of capital expenditures would be around 1.25 times depreciation. Why is this so important?
First, the forecast free-cash flow figures put Honeywell on an attractive valuation in itself. Taking the midpoint of guidance and equating it to enterprise value (market cap plus net debt), or EV, puts it on a forward free cash flow to EV yield of 5.2%. In other words, the company will generate 5.2% of its value in free cash flow -- not bad in a world where the U.S. 10-year treasury yield is currently around 2.4%
Stronger than headline number indicates
Second, this amount of free cash flow generation is all the more impressive because it's coming in a period when Honeywell is making significant capital expenditures in order to generate growth -- particularly in its performance, materials, and technologies ( PMT ) segment.
As Szlosek pointed out at the Barclays Select Industrial conference, capital expenditures are intended to peak at "at two-times depreciation" in 2017. He then outlined his expectation that the capital expenditures/depreciation ratio would come down in 2016, and then "normalize" to a ratio of 1.2 times.
A look at the historical ratio of capital expenditures to depreciation demonstrates that "two-times" depreciation during 2015 actually implies a significant amount of growth-based investment.
Essentially, companies make two kinds of capital expenditures: maintenance and expansionary. As assets depreciate they will need to be replaced, so maintenance capital expenditures can be equated with depreciation.
Therefore, any capital expenditures in excess of depreciation can be looked at as expansionary capital expenditures. It's usual for a company's long-term capex/depreciation ratio to be above one, because companies are expected to seek growth.
Growth to come
Third, the expansionary capex is expected to help fuel some impressive growth in future. Investors may already know that Honeywell's management has guided toward double-digit earnings growth to 2018, with segment margins expected to increase to a range of 18.5%-20% by 2018, from 16.6% in 2014. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.3%-6% from 2014-2018.
The investment proposition
All told, Honeywell currently trades on a forward free cash flow to EV yield of 5.2%. An even more impressive number when you consider that this is a year when Honeywell is investing heavily in capital expenditures in order to drive future growth.
The company's exposure to aerospace, construction, and materials means it will always be correlated to global growth. So if you are positive on the global economy, and looking for some cyclical exposure, Honeywell offers a compelling mix of growth and cash flow generation. The stock is a lot cheaper than its P/E ratio suggests.
1 great stock to buy for 2015 and beyond
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The article Don't Miss the Hidden Value in Honeywell International ( HON ) Stock originally appeared on Fool.com.
Lee Samaha has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of General Electric Company. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
SMS Bremse
SMS Bremse was a Brummer-class cruiser minelaying light cruiser of the Imperial German Navy. She was laid down by AG Vulcan Stettin on 27 April 1915 and launched on 11 March 1916 at Stettin, Germany, the second of the two-ship class after her sister, SMS Brummer. She served during the First World War, operating most of the time in company with her sister. The two ships took part in an ambush on a convoy in the North Sea, where they sank two destroyers in a surprise attack, before hunting down and sinking nine merchantmen, after which they returned to port unscathed.
The Kaiserliche Marine considered sending the two ships to attack convoys in the Atlantic Ocean, but the difficulties associated with refueling at sea convinced the Germans to abandon the plan. Bremse was one of the ships interned at Scapa Flow under the terms of the armistice in November 1918. On 21 June 1919, the commander of the interned fleet, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, ordered the scuttling of the fleet. She was salvaged in 1929 by teams working for Ernest Cox, though they had to contend with large quantities of oil and the risks of fires and explosions. Having been brought back to the surface after a decade underwater, she was then scrapped.
Design
Bremse was 140.4 m long overall and had a beam of 13.2 m and a draft of 6 m forward. She displaced 4385 MT as designed and up to 5856 MT at full load. Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of steam turbines powered by two coal-fired and four oil-fired Marine-type water-tube boilers, which were ducted into three funnels. These provided a top speed of 28 kn and a range of 5800 nmi at 12 kn. In service however, the ship reached 34 kn.
The ship was armed with four 15 cm SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts; two were arranged forward on the centerline, forward and aft of the conning tower, and two were placed in a superfiring pair aft. These guns fired a 45.3 lb shell at a muzzle velocity of 840 m/s. The guns had a maximum elevation of 30 degrees, which allowed them to engage targets out to 17600 m. They were supplied with 600 rounds of ammunition, for 150 shells per gun. Brummer also carried two 8.8 cm SK L/45 anti-aircraft guns mounted on the centerline astern of the funnels. She was also equipped with a pair of 50 cm torpedo tubes with four torpedoes in a swivel mount amidships. Designed as a minelayer, she carried 400 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was 40 mm thick amidships. The conning tower had 100 mm thick sides, and the deck was covered with 15 mm thick armor plate.
Career
Bremse was ordered under the contract name Mine Steamer D and laid down at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin on 27 April 1915. She was launched on 11 March 1916, after which fitting-out work commenced. Completed in less than four months, she was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 1 July 1916.
Over the period 11–20 October 1916, Bremse and Brummer served with the High Seas Fleet in the North Sea. On 10 January 1917, the two ships laid a minefield off Norderney. They escorted minesweepers on 1–13 March based in Emden and Wilhelmshaven. Their first major offensive operation was an attack on a British convoy in October 1917. Britain had agreed to ship 250000 MT tons of coal per month to Norway, and a regular stream of convoys carrying shipments of coal was crossing the North Sea by late 1917. These were usually weakly escorted by only a couple of destroyers and armed trawlers. Attempts to interdict them with U-boats had to that point been ineffective, so Admiral Reinhard Scheer, the chief of the Admiralstab, decided to deploy a surface force to carry out a surprise attack to supplement the U-boat campaign. In addition to damaging British shipping, Scheer sought to divert escorts from the Atlantic theater, where his U-boats were concentrated. Bremse, commanded by Fregattenkapitän Westerkamp, and Brummer, commanded by Fregattenkapitän Leonhardi, were selected for the first such operation. Their high speed and large radius of action, coupled with their resemblance to British light cruisers, made them suited to the task. In preparation for the raid, their crews painted the ships dark gray to further camouflage them as British vessels.
Half an hour after dawn on the morning of 17 October, Brummer and Bremse attacked a westbound convoy about 70 nmi east of Lerwick. The convoy consisted of twelve merchantmen and was escorted by the destroyers HMS Strongbow (1916) and HMS Mary Rose (1915) and a pair of armed trawlers which had departed from Bergen. At dawn lookouts aboard Stronghold reported two unidentified ships closing on the convoy. Mistaking them for British cruisers Strongbow flashed recognition signals, but was suddenly fired upon at a range of 2700 m by a barrage of 15 cm shells. Mary Rose tried to come to her assistance but was also hit; both ships were quickly sunk. Brummer and Bremse then turned their attention to the convoy, hunting down and sinking nine of the merchantmen, before returning to port. One of the armed trawlers, the Elise, was fired on by Bremse while attempting to pick up survivors. None of the ships were able to send a wireless report, and despite having a squadron of sixteen light cruisers at sea to the south of the convoy, the British did not learn of the attack until 16:00, when it was too late. Admiral David Beatty said of the action that 'luck was against us.' The Admiralty responded to the raid by adding more and bigger escorts.
Late in the war, the Admiralstab considered sending Brummer and Bremse on a commerce raiding mission into the Atlantic. They were to operate off the Azores in concert with an oiler. The central Atlantic was out of the normal range of the U-boats, and convoys were therefore lightly defended in the area. The Admiralstab canceled the plan, however, after it was determined that refueling at sea would be too difficult. Another problem was the tendency of the two ships to emit clouds of red sparks when steaming at speeds over 20 kn; this would hamper their ability to evade Allied ships at night. On 2 April 1918, Bremse laid a minefield consisting of 304 mines in the North Sea. She laid another 150 mines in the same area on 11 April. Bremse and her sister ended the month with a fleet sortie with the rest of the battle fleet on 22–24 April. On 11 May, Bremse laid another minefield in the North Sea with 400 mines. Three days later, she laid another 420 mines in the North Sea. She was to have been part of the final sortie of the High Seas Fleet in October 1918, but the operation was cancelled due to the outbreak of mutiny in the German Fleet.
Internment and scuttling
Along with the most modern units of the High Seas Fleet, Brummer and Bremse were included in the ships specified for internment at Scapa Flow by the victorious Allied powers. The ships steamed out of Germany on 21 November 1918 in single file, commanded by Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter. They were met at sea by a combined fleet of 370 British, American, and French warships. The fleet arrived in the Firth of Forth later that day, and between 25 and 27 November, they were escorted to Scapa Flow. Upon arrival, all wireless equipment was removed from the ships and the breech blocks of their heavy guns taken to prevent their use. Crews were reduced to minimum levels.
The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations that ultimately produced the Treaty of Versailles. Reuter believed that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June 1919, which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty. Unaware that the deadline had been extended to the 23rd, Reuter ordered the ships to be sunk at the next opportunity. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers, and at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships. An armed British naval party had attempted to board Bremse and close her bottom valves, but found that they were already below the rising waterline. Instead they blasted off her anchor chains and she was taken in tow by a tug and the destroyer HMS Venetia (1917), in an attempt to beach her before she sank. They managed to run her bow onto the beach, south of Cava, but the steeply sloping approach meant that her stern settled in deeper water, and she rolled over and sank in 75 ft of water at 14:30, leaving her bow visible at low tide.
Salvage
Though the Admiralty arranged for some of the ships to be salvaged, most were left at the bottom of the sound until entrepreneur Ernest Cox bought the salvage rights and began to raise the remaining ships in the early 1920s. Bremse presented particular challenges. She had come to rest perched precariously on a rock, which sloped away dramatically, causing fears that she might slip off and sink in deeper water. Cox's salvage team sealed her bulkheads and divided the hull into watertight compartments. The hull was patched up and an airlock fitted, but the team ran into difficulties with the large amount of oil which covered the wreck, more than had been found in any other of the ships salvaged previously. A three-man team using oxyacetylene torches ignited some oil, causing an explosion. The men escaped without serious injuries, and thereafter small explosions and fires were common over the two months it took to prepare the ship, though no one was injured.
By July 1929 the last of the superstructure had been cleared, and Bremse was turned upside down using techniques developed on salvaging some of the destroyers. Compressors were then used to pump air into the hull and bring her to the surface, while she was supported by 9-inch wires attached to two floating docks anchored on her port shoreward side. The salvage teams had almost raised her when she suddenly toppled onto her side and then heeled over gradually during the night, settling onto the rocks inshore.
It was thought that the failure had been caused by there being too much remaining superstructure, and attempts were made to clean out the large quantity of oil that had spilled out during the attempt to raise her. The decision was made to burn off the oil, but the fire spread and had to be brought back under control. She was again patched up and pumped with air, breaking the surface on 29 November. Bremse was eventually considered too unsafe to tow to Rosyth for scrapping, as had been done with the other ships Cox had salvaged, and instead she was taken to Lyness on 30 November 1929. The ship-breaking work lasted until May 1931. | WIKI |
League of Ireland Premier Division Manager of the Year
The League of Ireland Premier Division Manager of the Year Award is an award handed out annually to a League of Ireland Premier Division manager, voted best in the league for that particular year. The last winner of the award was Pat Fenlon, who guided Bohemians to a league and cup double in 2008. | WIKI |
There are many similarities between rats and mice which can make it difficult to tell them apart. They are both small rodents with long tails. However there are some key differences between the two animals.
Rats are typically larger than mice with adults reaching lengths of up to 18 inches (including the tail). Mice are usually only around 7-8 inches in length. Rats also have much longer snouts than mice and their tails are much thicker.
Rats are also generally more aggressive than mice and they are more likely to carry diseases. Some of the diseases that rats can carry include rabies typhus and bubonic plague.
If you see a small rodent in your home it is probably best to assume that it is a mouse. However if you are unsure you can always contact a local pest control company for help in identifying the animal.
What is the difference between a rat and a mouse?
Rats are typically larger than mice and their tails are longer in proportion to their bodies.
Mice have smaller ears and snouts and their tails are shorter in proportion to their bodies. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:Plutarch's Lives (Clough, v.5, 1865).djvu/595
INDEX. 687 Pr^CIA, Lucullus, iii. 234, 235. PrjENESTE and Fr^znestinks, in La- tiura, Camillus, i. 310; Marius, iii. 103; Sylla, iii. 180, 182, 185. pRjiSiANS, an Indian people, Alex- ander, iv. 238, 239. Pranichus, a poet, Alexander, iv. 224. Praxagoras, a Neapolitan, Pompey, iv. 122. PRAXIERGID^, an Attic priestly family, Alcibiades, ii. 43. Priam, king of Troy, Agis, iv. 453. Priene, town of Ionia, Solon, i. 171 ; Pericles, i. 351 ; Antony, v. 210. Prima, daughter of Romulus, llomulus, i. 55. Priscus, a surname, Cato the Elder, ii. 316. Helvidius Priscus, Galba, v. 485. Procles or Patrocles, king of Sparta, Lycurgus, i. 84. Proconnesus, on the Propontis, Ro- mulus, i. 73 ; Alcibiades, ii. 36. Procrustes, name of Damastes, The- seus, i. 9 ; Comparison, i. 78. Procoleius, friend of Augustus, An- tony, v. 231, 232. Proculus, a surname, Coriolanus, ii. 64. Julius Proculus, Romulus, i. 73 ; Numa, i. 128, 133. Proculus, Otho's general and prteto- rian prefect, Otho, v. 495, 497, 499. See, also, 505, note. Prolyta, daughter of Agesilaus, Age- silaus, iv. 23. Promachus, a Macedonian, Alexan- der, iv. 247. Promathion, an historian of Italy, Romulus, i. 41. Prometheus, in .Slschylus, Pompey, iv. 50. Prophantus, a Sicyonian, Aratus, v. 368. Propontis, Lucullus, iii. 235. Protagoras the sophist, Pericles, i. 366 ; Nicias, iii. 322. Proteas, Alexander, iv. 210. Prothous, a Lacedsemonian, Agesi- laus, iv. 34. Prothytes, a Theban, Alexander, iv. 172. Protis or Protus, founder of Mar- seilles, Solon, i. 170. Protogenes the painter, Demetrius, V. U6, 117. Protus the pilot, Dion. v. 268. Proxenus, a Macedonian, Alexander, iv. 233. Prusias, king of Bithynia, Flaminl- nus, ii. 409, 410, 412. Prytanis, king of Sparta, Lycurgu?, i. 84. PsAMMON, an Egyptian philosopher, Alexander, iv. 194. Psenophis of Hierapolis, Solon, L 194. Psiltucis, island of the Indian Sea, Alexander, iv. 243. Psyche, wife of Marphadates, Cato the Younger, iv. 443. Psylli, people of Libya, Cato the Younger, iv. 427. Psyttalea, islet near Salamis, Aristi- des, ii. 291. Ptceodorus the Megarian, Dion, v. 261. Ptolemais, daughter of Ptolemy La- gus, married to Demetrius, Demetri- us, V. 129, 145, 154. Ptolemy (I.) Soter, son of Lagus, Alexander's general, king of Egypt, Pyrrhus, iii. 4, 5, 6, 7, 12 ; Eumenes, iii. 417, 420; Alexander, iv. 171, 208, 218 ; Demetrius, v. 100-102, 109, 112, 115-117; Comparison, v. 241, 242 ; also Coriolanus, ii. 64. Ptolemy (II.) Philadelphus, king of Egypt, Philopoemen, ii. 368 ; Ara- tus, v.'370, 377, 380,407; also Cori- olanus, ii. 64. Ptolemy (III.) Euergetes (I.), king of Egypt, Philopcemen, ii. 368 ; Agis, iv. 451 ; Cleomenes, iv. 485, 488, 496-498; Aratus, v. 389,407; also Coriolanus, ii. 64. Ptolemy (IV.) Philopator, kirg of Egypt, Cleomenes, iv. 498-501, 503 ; Demetrius, v. 142. Ptolemy (V.) Epiphanes, king of Egypt, Philopoemen, ii. 373. Ptolemy (VII.) Piiyscon (or Euer- getes II.), king of Egypt, Ti. Grac- chus, iv. 507; also Coriolanus, ii. 64. Ptolemy (VIII.) Lathyrus, king of Egypt, Coriolanus, ii. 64. Ptolemy (XI.) Auletes, kina of Egypt, Lucullus, iii. 229, 230 ; Pom- pey, iv. 112, 113 ; Cato the Younger, IV. 405, 406 ; Antony, v. 157. Ptolemy (XII.), son of the prece- ding, brother of Cleopatra, king of | WIKI |
Cassandra Delaney
Cassandra Delaney (born 8 September 1961 in Brisbane), is an Australian actress best known for her marriage to and divorce from American singer John Denver. Delaney started her career in show business in 1982 with a one-off single, "Boots"—a reworked country version of the 1966 Nancy Sinatra hit "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'"—before moving into acting. Delaney starred in a number of Australian films, one of which, Fair Game (1986), has become a cult classic.
Personal life
Delaney married Denver in 1988, after a two-year courtship. Settling at Denver's home in Aspen, the couple had a daughter, Jesse Belle. She and Denver separated in 1991 and divorced in 1993. Of this, his second marriage, Denver wrote "before our short-lived marriage ended in divorce, she managed to make a fool of me from one end of the valley to the other".
Delaney briefly had her own singing career.
Filmography
FILM
TELEVISION | WIKI |
Orthoses
What will the orthoses do for me?
The custom made orthoses that we prescribe at Holywell Healthcare are designed to work with your natural body movements. This means that they may not hold your foot in the ‘neutral’ position as some feet do not want to work in this position.
**** We are now official PODFO partners!! Providing fully bespoke 3D printed orthoses which are produced by taking a 3D image of your foot using a scanner, resulting in a perfect fit for your foot. Visit the PODFO website for more information on these exciting new orthoses www.podfo.com ****
The orthoses may;
• – accommodate the natural position of the bottom (plantar) aspect of your foot,
• – reduce for how long during the stance phase that your foot pronates,
• – enable your foot to resupinate earlier in the stance phase (this means that your foot will become stable earlier and so more effective at become a propulsive lever)
• – change the way your foot leaves the ground,
• – support your arch from dropping too quickly,
• – provide stability of your foot at the contact phase,
• – provide a combination of the above.
The desired effect of the orthoses will be fully explained to you and the knock on effects outlined. Whenever we change one movement in the body there will be a reaction somewhere, we can usually give you a good idea of what you are likely to experience over the first few weeks whilst your body adjusts to the orthoses. Some people notice a very rapid positive effect on their biomechanics whilst some people need a longer time period. This will depend on the individual and also what we are trying to achieve. We will work with you to get the orthoses right for you if this does not happen straight away; it is not unusual for people to need a slight adjustment to the orthoses once they have been wearing them for a while.
Will I have to change all my footwear?
No. The orthoses are designed to work with your current footwear. Your footwear will be assessed also at the assessment and we shall recommend the type and style of shoes that will be best for your needs. This may mean a short term change to your current wearing regime to enable the orthoses to have the best chance of working. If we feel that your footwear is a major factor in your presenting symptoms then we shall let you know. We shall explain the type of orthotic that will be beneficial and the type of shoes that they will work best with. It is then up to you if you want to go ahead with this type of treatment. It is important that the shoes and orthotics work together and it is important to know that a poor or worn shoe can make the orthotic not work as it will be designed to work.
If you have trouble with shoe fitting then we may be able to help with our semi-custom shoe making and fitting service.
Will I have to wear orthoses forever?
This will depend on your foot anatomical position and your level of activity. If your foot function is poor for whatever reason and activity levels higher than your foot can tolerate then you are likely to have an injury problem. In this case orthoses forever are a real possibility. If your injury is because you have over trained and the injury is not fully settling down we often use a temporary orthotic to allow you to overcome the injury and provide advice on a rehabilitation program so your body becomes stronger and hopefully will not be re-injured in the same way.
Will the orthoses prevent me from getting an injury?
The orthoses we prescribe are designed to allow your body to improve its function and efficiency. This means that you body should become stronger and less prone to injury. It is difficult to predict injury patterns as everybody is different and there are often many factors to becoming injured. We do see compensatory movement patterns that will overload certain structures that mean certain injuries nearly always have the same type of cause. It is why the body is stressing the structure that is injured that can be difficult to fathom out
If I have support training shoes will I need orthoses or do neutral shoes work better with orthoses?
Running shoes support the foot in a different way to orthoses. Orthoses are very much aimed to support the specific function of the foot and deal with the compensation mechanisms. This type of control is very hard to achieve with shoes alone. Running shoes companies all have differing ways of controlling pronation, if it is pronation control that you need then you need to find the correct shoe control for your foot type. Holywell staff will be able to find the correct shoe for your pronation type and running style. If you are wearing orthoses that enable your foot to function more effectively then you are likely to need a ‘neutral’ shoe. It is essential that you have the right shoe for your running style and lower limb biomechanics and if you are wearing orthoses then this is more important still as the wrong shoe will affect the function of the orthotic.
How long do they last for? Will I need two pairs?
This will depend on the material they are made from. If they are made from EVA (a soft blown rubber – similar to training shoe midsoles) then they will last up to 2 years, custom will last longer then premade. If they are made from a plastic (we use polypropylene – a bit like Tupperware) then they could last 5-10 years, although the coverings and postings may wear before then. If you are changing the same orthotic from shoe to shoe and only wearing the one pair then they will wear a lot quicker then if you have two pairs that are designed for certain shoes. It is common for people to have a pair for day to day work shoes that are ¾ length and made from a stronger materials and if they are doing sport, a second pair for sports shoes, these are usually full length and will replace the footbed that is in the sport shoes.
Do you fit orthoses to children’s feet and what is the purpose of them?
It is becoming increasingly recognised that early introduction of orthoses into children’s shoes can be very beneficial. We generally start fitting orthoses about age 5-6, depending on activity levels. At this age children will start walking with an adult heel – toe gait pattern rather than the flat footed contact and propulsion toddlers can be seen with. With the introduction of an adult gait pattern we shall also see compensations starting to occur. We use the same assessment techniques as we do for adults and generally the same principles for orthotic prescription. We have to take into account comfort, shoe fitting and what realistically we can expect to achieve. Orthoses for children usually control the rearfoot and do not apply high pressures to the forefoot. The general aim is to try to stabilise the foot in a ‘good’ position at midstance so it is able to be more propulsive.
The introduction of orthoses will not change the bony alignment of the foot, this is predestined. What we can do is reduce the compensations and try to ensure that the supporting soft tissue is able to work to its best ability. There may be stretches and exercises recommended to back up the job the orthotics are doing.
We have had good success with a large number of children, both very active and playing sport at a high level and for those who have very flat floppy feet who just find it hard to get around. Children will often need an orthotic until their feet have stopped growing or activity levels change. Orthoses can be used very effectively in the short term for treatment of problems such as Severs Disease (pain in the heel – common in 11-12 year old boys who play a lot of football) and Osgood Slater’s Disease (pain in the top of the shin bone – tibia – again usually in more active children, boys or girls). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Saint Kitts and Nevis competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fifth consecutive appearance at the Olympics.
The St. Kitts and Nevis Olympic Committee sent a total of seven athletes to the Games, six men and one woman, to compete in athletics. Two of these athletes did not compete at these Games. Sprinter Tameka Williams withdrew from the games after admitting using a banned substance. Meanwhile, veteran sprinter Kim Collins, who carried the nation's flag for the third time at the opening ceremony, was sent home by the sporting committee, reportedly for spending the night with his wife at a London hotel.
Background
The appearance of Saint Kitts and Nevis at the London Summer Olympics marked its fifth consecutive summer appearance since it first entered the Games during the 1996 Summer Olympics. As of these Olympics, Saint Kitts and Nevis had not won an Olympic medal. Kim Collins and Antoine Adams were the flagbearers for Saint Kitts and Nevis in the opening and closing ceremonies, respectively. They debuted at the 1996 Olympic Games with ten athletes, the most they have ever sent to the Games.
Athletics
Antoine Adams finished fourth in the quarterfinals of the 100 meter sprint with a time of 10.22 seconds, advancing him to the semifinals. His seventh place finish in the semifinals, with a time of 10.27 seconds, eliminated him from competition. Adams also competed in the 200 meter sprint, finishing second in his heat with a time of 20.59 seconds, advancing to the semifinals. He was disqualified during the semifinals heat.
The 20 year old Jason Rogers ran the 100 meters. He finished fifth in his heat with a time of 10.30 seconds, and did not qualify for the semifinals.
The 4 × 100 meter men's relay team—made up of Antoine Adams, Delwayne Delaney, Brijesh Lawrence, Jason Rogers, and Lestrod Roland—set a national record during the event with a time of 38.41 seconds. Although they set a national record, they placed sixth, which was not fast enough to advance them to the next round.
Kim Collins, who has competed in every Games that Saint Kitts and Nevis has participated in, was set to run the 100 meters. Collins was not allowed to compete by his Olympic committee after they found out he stayed with his wife, outside of the Olympic village. Collins was required to get permission to stay outside the village for multiple nights in a row, and the committee stated he violated team discipline rules. On the issue of not being allowed to compete, Collins said "I feel that I should stay in a hotel with my wife, with or without their permission, that’s the honest to God truth whether they like it or not." He planned to never race for the country again, stating, "This is how it ends, it ends on a really sad note. I should have been allowed to run. I don’t see what is the big deal, I am a grown man, I’m just about to become a grandfather." Collins would later compete in the 2016 Olympics for Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Tameka Williams qualified to run in the 100 meter and 200 meter sprints. Williams, who would later compete in the 2016 Rio Olympics, was disqualified because she admitted that she used a banned substance. She voluntarily told her Olympic committee about using a banned substance, and it was announced on July 29 that she would not compete. Williams admitted to using a drug named Blast Off Red, which is typically used to enhance the performance of racehorses and greyhounds. Williams had posted on Facebook that she was innocent and had passed drug tests prior to the Olympics. While the drug is not listed as prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency, it falls into the category of veterinary medicine and therefore its use is not permitted.
* Men
* Key
* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round | WIKI |
New REIT ETF Houses Some Bargains
The real estate sector has slid in 2023. But investors searching for bargains in the group have plenty to pick from. They also need to be mindful of the difference between value and value traps. Some of the most depressed valuations and credible value opportunities are found among office and commercial real estate investment trusts (REIT).
REITs are the real estate subgroups emphasized by the VanEck Office and Commercial REIT ETF (NYSE Arca: DESK). The fund debuted last month. It could prove appropriately timed. This is because more market participants awaken to the value proposition offered by commercial and office REITs.
A confluence of factors are conspiring to hamper commercial REITs. This includes some DESK holdings. However, those issues are widely priced into REITs. This could indicate there may be opportunity for patient investors with assets such as DESK.
Commercial REIT ETF DESK Value Proposition
Dozens of REIT equities can credibly be considered undervalued or deeply undervalued. That includes some DESK holdings such as Kilroy Realty (NYSE: KRC).
Kilroy owns office and mixed-used real estate in attractive markets. These markets include Los Angeles, San Diego, the San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, and Austin. Kilroy, which accounts for 9.22% of the DESK roster, stands to benefit from long-term demand for life sciences real estate.
“Kilroy’s management has been able to successfully time the boom in technological employment occurring in the largest metropolitan areas along the West Coast,” noted Morningstar analyst Suryansh Sharma. “The company’s strategy is to achieve long-term maintainable growth by developing and owning the highest-quality real estate in technology and life science market clusters. The quality of their portfolio is evident from the fact that its average age is just 11 years, compared with 30 years for peers.”
Another DESK holding with strong value traits is Realty Income (NYSE: O), which accounts for about 4% of the ETF’s weight. That REIT has long been a force in office real estate. Its portfolio is diversified, as highlighted by recent transactions involving the purchases of casino real estate. This includes outright ownership of the property of Encore Boston Harbor and a recent deal to acquire an almost 22% stake in the real estate of the Bellagio on the Las Vegas Strip.
Realty Income’s gaming real estate exposure is meaningful. This is because those tenants are among the least likely to miss rent payments or default on lease obligations.
For more news, information, and analysis, visit the Beyond Basic Beta Channel.
Read more on ETFTrends.com.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Subject: Re: wc: filename: invalid byte sequence
To: None <tech-userlevel@NetBSD.org>
From: der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
List: tech-userlevel
Date: 08/25/2007 21:36:52
>> On the attached file, wc(1) on 4.99.30/amd64 reports "invalid byte
>> sequence" quite often.
>> I don't see why it should do that,
> wc is designed to work with text files, not binary files.
What is the correct tool to use, then, for one-offs like
% tar cf - data | wc
to find out how big the resulting archive is? (This is not a
hypothetical example; I found myself doing just that today, remembered
this email, and realized I couldn't think of any other tool to replace
wc in this use.)
Or is that operation simply not supported any longer? I think that
would be a major functionality regression.
/~\ The ASCII der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
X Against HTML mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email! 7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39 4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Leise Maersk (1921)
Leise Maersk was a diesel-powered cargo ship, which made the first voyage for the Maersk Line.
Construction and modifications
Leise Maersk was built in 1921 in the Odense Steel Shipyard and was the first diesel-powered vessel in the Maersk fleet. She was lengthened in 1932 by 18 ft from her original 302.2 ft to 320.2 ft.
Specifications
Leise Maearsk had a long stroke four-cycle diesel engine generating 1500 ihp, which translated to 1150 shp at 85 rpm, turning a single screw.
Early career
The ship's first captain was C Thygesen.
Armenia aid
In 1922, the ship bought donated relief goods for Armenians from New York to Constantinople, including an entire ambulance train, 11 tractors, four trucks and various farm machinery and implements.
Maersk Line service
The Maersk Line was established in Maersk's New York office as an agreement was make with the Ford Motor Company to transport car parts from North American factories to assembly plants in Japan. As a result, starting on 12 July 1928 Leise Maersk made a voyage from Baltimore to New York and Savannah before passing through the Panama canal after which the ship called at San Pedro and Los Angeles. She then crossed the pacific, arriving in Yokohama on 10 September before continuing to Manila and Iloilo.
Labor Day hurricane
On 2 September 1935 Leise Maersk was near Florida when the Labor Day hurricane struck the area. The force of the hurricane lifted the ship over Alligator Reef, she was grounded 4 miles away. There was no loss of life and she was salvaged on 20 September 1935.
World War II
In 1940, the Leise Maersk was transferred to the Ministry of War Transport and participated in North Atlantic convoys. In 1940 she sailed out from Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada carrying 4500 tons of grain and general cargo to Sharpness as part of convoy SC 11. On 23 November, she was torpedoed by the Kriegsmarine submarine U-100 and sunk west of the Outer Hebrides. Seventeen of her 24-man crew were lost, with the survivors being rescued by a Dutch salvage tug and taken to Campbeltown. | WIKI |
User:Matthew Degnan
I am Matthew D. Degnan
I am a short story writer and novelist from Yorkshire, England, as well as occasional screenwriter. My works include a screenplay called 'Hunting Season' which is a horror and will be produced in about 2 years. I have also published 2 short stories and a 3rd which is released in October 2009.
I am currently writing my 2nd novel (the first hasn't been published yet) and I am hoping to release them some time in the future.
My influences are: Stephen King, Clive Barker, Ian Rankin and Cormac McCarthy. | WIKI |
In Brevard County, Florida, Harry Tyson Moore and his wife Harriette established the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The couple’s home in rural Mims, Florida, was bombed on Christmas Day 1951, and the two were murdered.
Harriette Moore died nine days after Harry Moore died on his way to the hospital. Protests erupted in response to their deaths across the United States. The State of Florida investigated the bombing years later and determined that three members of the Ku Klux Klan were involved, but they had died by the time the investigation was completed.
Because of his political activism, Harry Moore had made enemies. He investigated lynchings and organized for equal pay and rights during his 17-year civil rights career. According to reports, he was substantially responsible for the founding and expansion of the Florida NAACP, which at the time was the country’s sole functional civil rights group. Some dubbed him the most dreaded Black man in Florida as he continued to combat racial injustice.
In 2006, Bill Gary, president of the NAACP’s Northern Brevard County branch in Florida, told the Baltimore Sun, “Harry Moore was performing the precise work that was eventually carried on by Medgar Evers, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Jesse Jackson.” “He was one of the founding fathers of the modern civil rights movement.”
Despite his sacrifice and status as the first civil rights leader to be assassinated, few people are familiar with Harry Moore’s name or story.
Harry Moore was born in the town of Houston, Florida, in the year 1905. Johnny Moore, Harry Moore’s father, worked for the railroad and owned a little business, but he died when Harry was nine years old. Harry Moore was raised by his mother Rosa for a while before being sent to live with his aunts in Jacksonville.
After graduating from Florida Memorial College, Harry Moore witnessed firsthand how Black people in Florida were being persecuted. He witnessed the Ku Klux Klan harassing African-American voters.
By 1925, Harry Moore had started teaching at a Cocoa, Florida, school for Black kids and eventually became the principal of the Titusville Colored School. He met Harriette Simms, who would later become his wife, while in Cocoa. After the birth of their first daughter, she also became a teacher.
Harry Moore would bring his own materials to schools and educate students about black history. According to Smithsonian Magazine, he would also bring in ballots and educate his students on how to vote. He did it before Brown v. Board of Education and Rosa Parks’ Montgomery bus protests and lunch counter sit-ins.
Harry Moore was well-known for his political organizing by the time he died. He founded the Progressive Voters’ League after realizing the importance of the vote’s power. Before his death, he had registered over 100,000 Blacks in his county alone, accounting for over a third of Florida’s eligible Black voters.
Harry Moore became a MARKED MAN, because of his campaigns for Black people’s rights at a time when the Ku Klux Klan was active. He traveled across the state on highways where even using a public restroom was perilous, and where no restaurant would serve him.
Thousands of circulars were printed in response to lynchings, segregation, and uneven pay for Black instructors. His mother was concerned for his safety, but he assured her that all he was doing was for the greater good of his race.
Harry Moore and his wife had just retired for the night after celebrating their 25th wedding anniversary when their bedroom exploded at 10:20 p.m., “sending them into the ceiling then back down into a pit of shattered floorboards, bookshelf, sewing machine, bed boards, and other furniture,” according to the Baltimore Sun.
Annie Rosalea, their oldest daughter, hurried to the scene from her bedroom. The Moores were brought to the hospital in the company of their neighbors who had heard the explosion. Harry Moore did not survive, and Harriette Moore died in the hospital nine days later after visiting her husband at the funeral home.
“Harry T. Moore’s most devastating epitaph is that he died three years too soon.” He would have been Medgar Evers if he had been slain in 1954 instead of 1951. In his 1999 book, Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America’s First Civil Rights Martyr, Florida author Ben Green said, “Everyone would know his name.”
Members of Florida’s numerous Klan klaverns had been behind some dynamite bombings in the year of the Moores’ deaths. According to author Green, following the Moores’ episode, which was perceived as “so personal,” marches against the murders were staged in New York and other major cities, igniting the most significant civil rights controversy in a decade. According to the Baltimore Sun, President Harry S. Truman received a lot of protest letters while giving remarks on the United Nations floor.
Moore was the most renowned Black man in the world for a few weeks, according to Green. “Then it faded away.”
“The residents of Florida wished for the story to go away. It was having a negative impact on tourism.”
Because of his activity, Harry Moore and his wife both lost their teaching jobs in recent years. He was also fired from his paid NAACP secretary job just weeks before his death, accusing him of politicizing his employment by enrolling Black people for the Democratic Party. However, the NAACP staged a benefit in New York’s Madison Square Garden in March 1952 to honor his civil rights work following his death.
The Moores’ murder is still unsolved, but a historical marker has been set at their homesite to educate and celebrate their work. Visitors can also see a reproduction of their home at the Moore Cultural Complex in Mims, which was rebuilt on the original property. Furthermore, some of their personal belongings are on exhibit in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Example #1
0
func (k *KubernetesScheduler) handleTaskLost(taskStatus *mesos.TaskStatus) {
log.Errorf("Task lost: '%v'", taskStatus)
taskId := taskStatus.GetTaskId().GetValue()
if _, exists := k.pendingTasks[taskId]; exists {
delete(k.pendingTasks, taskId)
}
if _, exists := k.runningTasks[taskId]; exists {
delete(k.runningTasks, taskId)
}
}
Example #2
0
func (k *KubernetesScheduler) handleTaskRunning(taskStatus *mesos.TaskStatus) {
taskId, slaveId := taskStatus.GetTaskId().GetValue(), taskStatus.GetSlaveId().GetValue()
slave, exists := k.slaves[slaveId]
if !exists {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_RUNNING because the slave does not exist\n")
return
}
task, exists := k.pendingTasks[taskId]
if !exists {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_RUNNING (%s) because the the task is discarded: '%v'", taskId, k.pendingTasks)
return
}
if _, exists = k.runningTasks[taskId]; exists {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_RUNNING because the the task is already running")
return
}
if containsTask(k.finishedTasks, taskId) {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_RUNNING because the the task is already finished")
return
}
log.Infof("Received running status: '%v'", taskStatus)
task.Pod.CurrentState.Status = api.PodRunning
task.Pod.CurrentState.Manifest = task.Pod.DesiredState.Manifest
task.Pod.CurrentState.Host = slave.HostName
if taskStatus.Data != nil {
var target api.PodInfo
err := json.Unmarshal(taskStatus.Data, &target)
if err == nil {
task.Pod.CurrentState.Info = target
}
}
k.runningTasks[taskId] = task
slave.tasks[taskId] = task
delete(k.pendingTasks, taskId)
}
Example #3
0
func (k *KubernetesScheduler) handleTaskFinished(taskStatus *mesos.TaskStatus) {
taskId, slaveId := taskStatus.GetTaskId().GetValue(), taskStatus.GetSlaveId().GetValue()
slave, exists := k.slaves[slaveId]
if !exists {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_FINISHED because the slave does not exist\n")
return
}
if _, exists := k.pendingTasks[taskId]; exists {
panic("Pending task finished, this couldn't happen")
}
if _, exists := k.runningTasks[taskId]; exists {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_FINISHED because the the task is not running")
return
}
if containsTask(k.finishedTasks, taskId) {
log.Warningf("Ignore status TASK_FINISHED because the the task is already finished")
return
}
k.finishedTasks.Next().Value = taskId
delete(k.runningTasks, taskId)
delete(slave.tasks, taskId)
}
Example #4
0
// StatusUpdate is called when a status update message is sent to the scheduler.
func (k *KubernetesScheduler) StatusUpdate(driver mesos.SchedulerDriver, taskStatus *mesos.TaskStatus) {
log.Infof("Received status update %v\n", taskStatus)
k.Lock()
defer k.Unlock()
switch taskStatus.GetState() {
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_STAGING:
k.handleTaskStaging(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_STARTING:
k.handleTaskStarting(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_RUNNING:
k.handleTaskRunning(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_FINISHED:
k.handleTaskFinished(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_FAILED:
k.handleTaskFailed(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_KILLED:
k.handleTaskKilled(taskStatus)
case mesos.TaskState_TASK_LOST:
k.handleTaskLost(taskStatus)
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lucario (3rd nomination)
The result was keep__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. The Wordsmith Talk to me 20:17, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
Lucario
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Regretfully, I am forced to nominate Lucario for deletion, as there's no evidence that the concerns of the previous AfD this year were addressed in recreating the article. I went into the article legitimately hoping that new solid sources were found to back up the notability of Lucario but ultimately found nothing - it's largely sourced to listicles that often discuss numerous other Pokemon besides Lucario.
Ultimately what the previous AfD this year found remains exactly the same, Lucario simply isn't notable at all. Again, it would be great to be proven wrong, but what I see here does not cut the mustard or merit a recreation. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 09:42, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Fictional elements, Science fiction and fantasy, and Video games. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 09:42, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Despite Zx's assertion that these are "listicles", I will assert that they do discuss the subject in a decent enough amount of coverage to display its importance outside of just being a character in the context of the series:
* We have tangible results illustrating the character's recognizability and popularity, through a poll by the company, a monthly average of search engine results across multiple companies, and one regarding...er..."fan works".
* Analysis of why the character is popular and that impact
* Analysis of it's design, both positive and negative, and more importantly an example of the shortcomings of "Gen 4"'s design as a whole
* Now while I get this isn't the strongest of articles, I will contend after the sources presented the article demonstrates real world notability in the same way Snorlax was argued to during its AfD: that it's a recognizable icon, and unlike Snorlax, I can at least cite some discussion here. While I'd personally agree the article is on the weaker end, what's cited here I feel demonstrates that in the manner it was presented. Thank you.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 12:53, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* There is no article you can pick out from the article's sources of any significant length that is specifically about Lucario. That already makes it far weaker in coverage than Snorlax. I don't think the two are comparable. If I asked for the WP:THREE they'd all be clickbait top-10 lists and that is a bad sign.
* I am also not particularly enthused about your wholesale reversion of my edits to the article in an attempt to at least remedy some of its problems. I do not see a reason for doing so besides "I don't like these edits", which is going dangerously into WP:OWN territory. Editors do not unilaterally control articles, please open a discussion instead of simply deleting anything you do not like. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:05, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* I felt the additions came across as trivial and were why I avoided those from the original article (i.e. the Sly Cooper comparison is...odd), and that the recurring comment about its possible origin isn't dev info. Additionally the articles cited discuss him in some degree of depth, and WP:THREE is an essay, not a strict guideline: it's purpose is to help one argue for an article's existence. In this case, I feel the print source (which in turn cited Official Nintendo Magazine's Thomas Elliot calling it "the best designed Pokemon" in its universe, but I felt that may have been non-independent quote given who produced ONM so I opted not to cite that), TechRaptor, and The Gamer's own analysis which go into depth and devoted several paragraphs to discussing the subject). I am confused too at your assertion of "clickbait"; they are, again, discussing the subject at hand not tricking the reader, so that was...weird to bring up?
* The point of notability is to establish that a subject is discussed and there's significant enough discussion on a subject to warrant an encyclopedic look at it. There are sources that I could have cited that you've argued for before, like articles like this that you felt were strong enough for Felyne, or content like this that you argued worked as WP:SIGCOV for Sagat (Street Fighter). But I felt those didn't provide notability due to a lack of discussing the work as a fictional character.
* The article is organized the way it is on purpose. While I spoke in anger, it isn't a case of WP:IDONTLIKEIT. It's intended to give a proper flow to the reception section.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 13:15, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Yes, WP:THREE is an essay, but WP:GNG is the policy. Thus far no sources have been raised that show this subject meets the notability guidelines. We are looking for significant coverage in independent reliable secondary sources that discuss Lucario as a subject. What do we have? Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 14:50, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* @Sirfurboy🏄 The TechRaptor article devotes four paragraphs of discussion to the character. The Gamer, while it can be argued shouldn't count towards notability per WP:VG/S, devoted 3 paragraphs in their own discusison. IGN had one author devote a paragraph each to discussing the character across two articles. The Centennial article devoted several paragraphs discussing the subject but admittedly some were for gameplay and intended to be cited for there if the article was further developed. Outside of this article there is also this paper published in Scandia that discusses it in the context of the film and relation to medieval imagery as a familiar, but I wasn't sure the best way to work that in or if it was more for the film. It could be bolstered by additional sources from The Gamer but I didn't want to work more valnet into this.
* While I'll admit this article is weaker, I feel the assertions in the AfD argument are trying to paint it as strictly relying on UGO.com or Complex style lists that aren't saying anything, when there are tangible thoughts at least being cited. The assertion of "clickbait" is, at the very least, unfounded.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 15:07, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Thank you. I have some reading to do then. I'll take a look at these. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 15:29, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Given the current reliable references demonstrating notability from both a critical and audience perspective as well as the arguments presented by Kung Fu Man, I don't exactly see a reasonable cause for why this article should be deleted given how this article generally falls in line with notability presented in other similar articles. The Scandia article is especially of note given how it's a direct analysis into the influence that would later inspire Lucario's role in his dedicated film. SuperSkaterDude45 ( talk ) 03:32, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
* Weak Keep Despite my previous afd on Lucario (2nd nomination), I feel like it might be barely passing WP:GNG after the improvement of reception section (furry fandom and stuff). Greenish Pickle! (🔔) 08:39, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Merge with Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew - The best source presented is clearly the Scandia paper, which is a goood source, clearly meeting GNG. However, the paper discusses the character within the context of the film, as Kung Fu Man said. So we have a page on the film, that could be expanded on the subject of the introduction of Lucario. There is mergeable content here regardless of whether this page is kept or not. But then, should this page exist in its own right? There is no real case at this point for a spin out of the Lucario character from the film article. We aren't even close to size arguments for that. The question is whether there is significant coverage that treats the character apart from the film. The problems with TheGamer were admitted but WP:VG/S also raises issues with Techraptor. In both cases, arguments could be made that the articles in these can be reliable and independent, but from where I am coming from, I don't see articles listing characters as being good examples of secondary sources. This, I think, is what the nom. means by listicles. It is the Pokemon franchise that is notable, and because it's notable, we get lists of the characters, but these don't really speak to significance of the character outside of the franchise, and notability is not inherited. So at this point I feel that we have to cover Lucario per the Scandia article, but the place to cover that is in the film article. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 09:44, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Comment Sort of torn on this one. Still thinking about whether it is sound to base notability from self-evident cultural significance inferred from very broad but shallow coverage, even if few sources really cover or analyse the subject matter in detail. I am mindful that the character articles deletion trend is a little mired in a difference of philosophy over notability, and I think it would help to have better guidance or more discussions over what approach is best as there's been a lot of these sort of articles deleted recently. ＶＲＸＣＥＳ (talk) 11:15, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* The issue here is whether an article is notable if literally all coverage of any significance comes from blatant content farm articles, which listicles are.
* I'd say the answer is "absolutely not", because content farming is literally an attempt to flood the internet with minor and trivial content in order to game the search results. Its the antithesis of the reason the significant coverage criteria exists. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:00, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* I blatantly disagree with that assertion that they're "content farm articles". Tangible thoughts are being cited here on the character and why it's important. It's not "10 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIS CHARACTER" or "What reddit thinks about THIS!" It's thought out statements that are discussing what it is and either critiquing its design or importance, and to a smaller extent its recognizability, which many articles on here are built around to the same degree. Including a few I'll note by you or works you've argued for in the past.
* You can argue it's on the weaker end of notability, I'd argue bigger sources would indeed be nice. But it discusses the character significantly in an encyclopedic tone for reception and establishes importance to those not familiar with the media. That's what notability is for.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 15:19, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: I do not see any reason to delete this. I believe the article is notable enough to stay, and Lucario's pretty popular within the Pokémon fandom. Again, I believe it should stick around, as it’s pretty notable. Super yoshi013021 (talk) 15:31, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* See WP:ITSNOTABLE and WP:ITSPOPULAR. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 16:42, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Comment: So while digging through Japanese sources, found that the character was used to promote fitness for children across Japan for young children, which was done by video during COVID, and then directly post COVID. There's also a LOT of articles discussing that, not only the 'why' but with some giving reactions to it/the character and its usage.. There's also the Pokéfuta manhole project, which had the character promoting that directly as well. I'm still digging through Japanese sources but yeah, that's a thing.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:10, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Source 1: It is mostly restating a press release. It's arguably more of a WP:PRIMARY source. Source 2: Trivial mention of Lucario. Source 3: Same exact press release as in Famitsu, duplicate source. This can all be summed up in one sentence, "Lucario was used to promote fitness in kids". Re: the manholes, a massive amount of Pokemon featured in that project, so it doesn't really involve Lucario specifically. It's more something to note in a possible "Cultural impact of Pokemon" article. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 16:41, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* The Famitsu article states why the character was chosen for the promotion: "ルカリオは『ふくつのこころ』と『せいしんりょく』を特性として持つポケモンです. " and it mentions it again in the article and a few others, so yes, the use of the character was specific. I'll point out, again, in the past you argued a street named after Snorlax along with several other Pokemon counted significantly towards its notability, despite no reason given as to why that name was chosen. Additionally you argued in the past this counted as notability for Felyne, despite being a promotion that, again, didn't discuss the why. Why do those meet the threshold but here where there's a reason given as to why these don't?--Kung Fu Man (talk) 17:08, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* The IGN article isn't a copypaste of the press release, it has original content there. It is a secondary source with analysis of the information. Famitsu is literally a press release that was posted verbatim on another site. These are primary sources. Not secondary. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 17:12, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* There are several other articles covering the character's usage in this manner: 4Gamer, GameSetWatch, 5channel and 47News for example. These are not all press releases, but secondary sources. You're moving the goal posts.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 17:21, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* These are primary. See WP:PRIMARYNEWS. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 18:43, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Not all of them, unless you really want to argue the newscast reacting in surprise was. SoraNews24 also covered it, and while not discussed on WP:VG/S as far as I can see they are cited in several books under their new and old name (RocketNews24) and in published works on Google Scholar. Come on guys, please stop making me chase the goal.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 18:55, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Weak keep. While it is important for the article to grow more notable, I feel like the issues at AfD have been adequately addressed. Particularly, its use as a mascot, commentary on its design, and the furry angle are intriguing. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 22:33, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Based on more or less 's initial argument. There is enough discussion here volumewise to fullfill WP:WHYN. And if sources are considered reliable in the context of video games, I am not much concered if they are structured in the form of a list or not. Daranios (talk) 15:44, 17 December 2023 (UTC)
* Weak keep There is some sustained coverage on Lucario. It is significant coverage, but also not very deep. In some cases, that coverage is described in excessive detail to emphasize the coverage is indeed significant coverage in a way that gives it undue weight. But at the end of the day it's there, and its scarcely enough. That the commentary is fixated on comparing Lucario to Mewtwo, Anubis or Digimon still belies the fact that these are independent and analytical ideas, just shallow ones. Depth of ideas in significant coverage is secondary to whether it provides enough of a perspective to inform an article without inference, which it does. That said, I think the practice of stuffing nominated articles with unnecessary detail to 'protect' notability is not really necessary and clutters the article. But there's also been a lot of good work done too. That said, I guess the next step for this article is a bit of a cleanup. But that's not a notability issue. ＶＲＸＣＥＳ (talk) 20:06, 17 December 2023 (UTC)
* Weak Keep While none of the sources are particularly great they all are about Lucario. There is coverage. Questions? four Olifanofmrtennant (she/her) 17:33, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
* Keep per above. It's certainly weaker than some other articles but it definitely has enough to stand on its own for now. Has one ever considered Magneton? Pokelego999 (talk) 17:43, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Feira de Santana
The Building of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Feira de Santana (Prédio da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Feira de Santana) is an 18th-century mansion and medical building in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. It was established in the Portuguese colonial period as a branch of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, a lay Portuguese organization to treat the sick and disabled. The building was listed as a state heritage site by the Institute of Artistic and Cultural Heritage of Bahia in 2008.
Location
The Building of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia faces Praça da Piedade, a narrow public plaza that extends west from the larger public squares of the St. Ann Cathedral and the Bandstand at Praça da Matriz. The three structures were built in the 19th century and are protected structures of the State of Bahia. It is located on Rua da Misericórdia, which connects the cathedral to the building on the Santa Casa.
History
The first Santa Casa outside of Salvador was built in Cachoeira in the 18th century; the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Santo Amaro dates to 1778, and was followed by others in Bahia. The establishment of a Santa Casa in Feira de Santana occurred in conjunction with a visit by Emperor Dom Pedro II. The Building of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Feira de Santana was built in the 1850s Colonel João Pedreira to house Dom Pedro II on his tour of the Northeast region of Brazil. Dom Pedro II did not stay at the mansion during his tour of 1859, but donated 500 contos de reais (2:000$000) to build a hospital associated with the Santa Casa da Misericórdia.
Prominent citizens of Feira de Santana were unable to build a large hospital despite the donation of Dom Pedro II and significant fund raising. In its place, João Pedreira offered to sell the Brotherhood of the Santa Casa (Irmandade da Santa Casa) the building in 1879. It was sold in 1880, and was inaugurated as the new headquarters of the Santa Casa in 1884. The hospital, named Hospital Dom Pedro Alcântara, was likely inaugurated in 1865, as seen on a plaque bearing the date. As the population of the municipality increased, the hospital expanded to include 39 hospital beds, an infirmary, and an operating room. It was closely linked to the Catholic Church, with the parish priest being a member of its board and the hospital bed consisting of nuns and other women of lay religious orders.
Hospital Dom Pedro Alcântara left the building in 1950 to move to a new location. The building became the headquarters of the 1st Military Police Battalion (1st BPM/FS) in 1947. The Military Police battalion left for a new headquarters in 1984. The building was adapted as a permanent childcare facility in 1984 and is locally referred to as the Palácio do Menor ("Palace of the Minors"). The building was soon abandoned. A report in the newspaper A Tarde on January 21, 1986 stated that "the glass in the doors and windows has already been broken, and termites are devouring the roof. The floorboards are being removed and the walls, in at least three halls, are crumbling."
Cemetery
The Santa Casa also assumed responsibility of establishing a cemetery in Feira de Santana. The Piedade Cemetery (Cemitério Piedade) was established on land owned by Felipe Pedreira de Cerqueira, directly south of the hospital. The cemetery remains under the management of the Brotherhood of the Santa Casa, but its monuments are in poor condition.
Structure
The Building of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Feira de Santana has two stories and covers 495 m2. It has some Gothic revival elements, a rarity in Bahia, the only other example being found in the municipality of Tanquinho. The building has a rectangular floor plan, with its primary rooms at ground level and a lower floor opening to the slope at the rear of the building. The entrance to the building is to the side of the building, rather than from the street. It has a lobby, two grand rooms, and a kitchen and dining room at the opposite side of the building from the entrance. It is surrounded by a series of high windows with high, pointed arches. There are nine windows facing the street, each with pilasters between. The doors were framed in carved woods with glasswork. An iron grille fence once surrounded the building.
Protected status
The Institute of Artistic and Cultural Heritage of Bahia listed the Building of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Feira de Santana as a state heritage site in 2008.
Access
The building is abandoned, in an advanced state of ruin, and may not be visited. | WIKI |
What Does Stress Do to My Body?
July 03, 2017 | By Naturo Medica | Articles | Share
What Does Stress Do to My Body?
At NaturoMedica, many of our patients report that they are experiencing stress. Stress can be caused by an assault on the body from infection or injury or from a variety of social and psychological circumstances. However, when patients report stress they are often referring to a mental and/or an emotional conflict in their life. Physical and emotional stress can initiate a “fight or flight” response in the body and triggers complex reactions in our nervous and hormonal systems. This cascade of signaling is the reason that emotional stress can lead to many physical symptoms and impact your health in a variety of ways including nagging headaches, digestive issues, or decreasing your productivity at work.
Impacts of stress on the body
Brain: A steady flow of cortisol from chronic stress can decrease your short-term memory and deplete your serotonin levels leaving you feeling depressed and anxious. It can also interfere with your natural circadian rhythm and cause difficulties with falling asleep and staying asleep. This lack of restorative sleep, in turn, leads to more problems with memory and mood.
Digestive: Stress impacts the enteric nervous system of the GI tract and slows the natural peristaltic movement as well as decreasing the secretion of digestive enzymes. This can lead to chronic gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea and nutritional deficiencies. Foods that are poorly digested travel to our colon and feed our gut bacteria. Feeding our bacteria partially undigested food can cause an imbalance of the good and bad bacteria in the gut. This imbalance in bacteria can cause local GI inflammation and may also have systemic negative effects on our mood and immune system.
Heart: During moments of stress and high anxiety, the stress hormones cortisol and epinephrine can cause arterial narrowing and increase heart rate. Over time, this can lead to high blood pressure and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and stroke.
Weight management: Cortisol is a stress hormone that when in excess can lead to overeating those foods rich in sugar, fat and salt. Cortisol also directs weight gain specifically around the abdomen and organs like the liver. This type of weight gain is very unhealthy and is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Muscles: Stress causes surges of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system, also known as our fight or flight response. Adrenaline alerts the muscles to tense up and get ready for attack. This can lead to spasms in the neck and back and cause chronic pain. Some people will manifest stress by grinding their teeth and clenching their jaw causing tension in the muscles of the face and leads to chronic tension headaches.
Clearly, stress can have a large impact on your health and is often an underlying reason that so many people develop chronic health conditions. At NaturoMedica, we can measure your level of stress hormones throughout a day with a specialized saliva test. Our Naturopathic physicians use therapies that address emotional stress and the negative effect it may have on the body. Nutritional and herbal therapies can be effective tools when addressing the impacts of stress on the body. While a certain amount of daily stress is inevitable, we look forward to helping you establish healthy coping strategies and minimize the systemic influences of stress on your body.
NaturoMedica
"I feel better than I have ever felt because of the NaturoMedica doctors. I am truly a different person today!"
Lisa Rhoades - Sammamish, WA - View More | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vatovaea
Vatovaea is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Vatovaea pseudolablab.
Vatovaea pseudolablab is a woody climber, growing 1.2 to 1.5 m. tall from an enormous woody tuber. The species is native to tropical eastern Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula, ranging from Sudan to Uganda and Tanzania, and to Yemen and Oman. Typical habitats are semi-desert grassland and Acacia bushland, and occasionally on seasonally-wet grassland over clay soils, from 270 to 1350 meters elevation. | WIKI |
How to use templates to style the different nodes of the Ignite UI Tree control
Marina / Tuesday, June 17, 2014
Recently I published a blog about the changes around the template and how to use different template engines to customize the look and style of some of the Ignite UI controls. The Tree control goes under the same rules. If you want the structure of your jQuery Tree to be unique you can create a template and apply it to all of the nodes in it. In our UserVoice site we received a request for a way to style each tree node based upon a number of criteria. In the blog I will try to explain you how to achieve that.
Node’s templates
You can easily style any node by creating a template and providing it to each level of binding of the igTree. By setting the nodeContentTemplate option of the binding object, you can define custom HTML which will be shown for each node in the control. If you have read my blog about how to use different template engines with the Ignite UI controls you probably already know that you can create the template by using your favorite Template Engine and apply it to the tree. For the purpose of the sample I used the Infragistics template engine.
1. $("#tree").igTree({
2. dataSource: files,
3. dataSourceType: "json",
4. checkboxMode: "triState",
5. bindings: {
6. textKey: "Text",
7. imageUrlKey: "ImageUrl",
8. nodeContentTemplate: "${Text} ",
9. childDataProperty: "Folder",
10. bindings: {
11. textKey: "Text",
12. imageUrlKey: "ImageUrl",
13. nodeContentTemplate: "${Text} ",
14. childDataProperty: "Folder",
15. bindings: {
16. textKey: "Text",
17. imageUrlKey: "ImageUrl",
18. nodeContentTemplate: "${Text} "
19. }
20. }
21. }
22. });
This is how you can create a hierarchical tree structure and use different template for the separate levels of binding. When you add new child nodes they will be styled according to the template on the relevant level of the tree.
1. //remove a node
2. $(document).on('click', 'img[data-role=delete-node]', function () {
3. var node = $(this).closest('li');
4. $('#tree').igTree('removeAt', node.attr('data-path'));
5. });
6. //add new node
7. $(document).on('click', 'img[data-role=add-node]', function () {
8. var node = $(this).closest('li');
9. $('#tree').igTree('addNode', { Text: 'New Node' }, node);
10. });
Image:
igTree
Check out the live demo in jsFiddle.
Using conditional template
In the online documentation you can find a detailed step by step guidance how to add and remove nodes from the igTree control. We are going to use a context menu that offers choices such as adding a new node and deleting a node. For more information on how to create a context menu you can read the “The Infragistics Tree with a Context Menu” blog. Let’s see how to apply a predefined template when we add new sibling nodes or new child nodes.
We are going to create a condition template and initialize the igTree first.
Template:
1. <script id="template" type="text/template">
2. {{if ${Type} == "MusicFolder"}}
3. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/book.png">
4. {{elseif ${Type} == "PictureFolder"}}
5. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/coins.png">
6. {{elseif ${Type} == "DocumentFolder"}}
7. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/documents-folder.png">
8. {{elseif ${Type} == "Computer"}}
9. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/computer.png">
10. {{elseif ${Type} == "MusicFile"}}
11. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/music.png">
12. {{elseif ${Type} == "DocumentFile"}}
13. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/documents.png">
14. {{elseif ${Type} == "PictureFile"}}
15. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/coins_add.png">
16. {{else}}
17. <img src="http://igniteui.com/images/samples/tree/documents-folder.png"/>
18. {{/if}}
19. ${Text}
20. script>
Applying it for the template:
1. $("#tree").igTree({
2. dataSource: files,
3. dataSourceType: "json",
4. checkboxMode: "triState",
5. bindings: {
6. nodeContentTemplate: $("#template").html(),
7. childDataProperty: "Folder"
8. }
9. });
Image:
igTree with template
As you can see from the above code snippet we have created a simple template with conditions which determine which image to be used for the particular node. This way you can easily create different appearance for the nodes based upon a number of criteria.
Now let’s start with adding a sibling node. First we are going to create a menu with a dialog with by using the igDialog, igEditor, igCombo and igButton controls. Because the purpose of the blog is to show you how to implement and use template for the different nodes, I’m going to focus on the event that is triggered when the save button is selected. What happens there is: The User selects “Add new sibling” and a dialog window appears asking for a name and type for the new node(it is important to set the type for the node because the image for the node will be determined based upon it) and to save it. When you select the save button we take the value that you have filled in the editor’s input and assign it to the “Text” variable in the predefined array that contains the data we want to add in the tree structure.
1. var newFolders = [{ Text: "Smth", Value: "File",Type:"", Folder: "" }];
Then we use the addNode method. This method uses three parameters –node, parent and node index . To the node parameter (which specifies the data used to create the new nodes) we assign the new data with the changed text option. The other two parameters are optional. One is used to specify the jQuery object of the parent node the nodes are to be appended to and the other specifies the index at which the node to be inserted. We are going to use the first one and by using the parentNode method we will extract the element on the required level.
By using this addNode method the new node will go through the template that we use for the original rendering of the igTree.
Initialization of the Save button:
1. $("#btnSave").igButton({
2. labelText: "Save",
3. click: function () {
4. if ($("#newValue").igEditor("validate")) {
5. var newItem = newFolders.clone();
6. newItem[0].Text = $("#newValue").val();
7. var type = $("#combo").igCombo("value");
8. type = type.replace(/\s/g, '');
9.
10. newItem[0].Type = type;
11. $("#tree").igTree("addNode", newItem,
12. $("#tree").igTree("parentNode", node.element)
13. );
14. $("#dialog").igDialog("destroy");
15. $("#dialog").remove();
16. }
17. }
18. });
Image:
Adding sibling node to igTree
The situation with adding a child node is similar the only difference occurs on the third parameter of the addNode method. You don’t have to use the parentNode method here, you just need the node element.
Adding a child node element:
1. $("#btnSave").igButton({
2. labelText: "Save",
3. click: function () {
4. if ($("#newValue").igEditor("validate")) {
5. var newItem = newFolders.clone();
6. newItem[0].Text = $("#newValue").val();
7. var type = $("#combo").igCombo("value");
8. type = type.replace(/\s+/g, '');
9. newItem[0].Type = type;
10. $("#tree").igTree("addNode", newItem, node.element);
11. $("#dialog").igDialog("destroy");
12. $("#dialog").remove();
13. }
14. }
15. });
Image:
Adding a child node to igTree
Summary
The Ignite UI Tree control simplifies the presentation of your hierarchical data into a web-based tree structure. By applying a template to the control you can easily style the nodes and even more you can create the template by using any available template engine such as jsRender, Handlebars, Mustache and others.
You can see a working demo on jsFiddle.
You can follow us on Twitter @Infragistics and stay in touch on Facebook, Google+ and LinkedIn! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Machine Learning is Moving Corporate VPN Security into The 21st Century
Corporate VPN security is important to many businesses, but it has lagged behind for years. Thanks to machine learning, it's finally catching up.
December 6, 2018
53 Shares 2,669 Views
Machine learning has played a crucial role in digital security. According to experts on digital security, machine learning is playing a vital role in the creation of new VPN solutions and corporate VPN security.
The Journal of Cyber Security Technology published a study in 2017 titled “Comparison of machine-learning algorithms for classification of VPN network traffic flow using time-related features.” This provided a clear overview of machine learning algorithms used by various VPN networks and the value they provided. They showed that machine learning helped most VPNs achieve 90% accuracy.
Machine Learning Sets the Stage for New VPN Solutions
A virtual private network, more commonly known as a VPN, is undoubtedly one of the best ways to keep your personal information safe and out of the hands of opportunist thieves. But, when it comes to corporate cybersecurity, it can be easier said than done to keep up to date with all of the latest developments, which rely on machine learning technology.
This is down to the fact that cybersecurity goes through a process of constant evolution and change. In turn, this could potentially mean that your company is missing out on the latest protection it needs to keep sensitive information as secure as possible. So, without any further ado, it is time for you to discover exactly how you can ensure maximum corporate VPN security and keep up with all of the latest trends.
Unfortunately, while machine learning has improved VPN effectiveness, it has also been weaponized by enemies of privacy rights. China has recently started using its own machine learning technology to identify and block VPN encryption. This means it is a race to develop better machine learning technology in the interest of protecting privacy rights.
How Does A Corporate VPN Work?
A VPN is a form of technology that depends on big data. It secures the data which is processed over a network. So, even if it is a public network, hackers will find it difficult to access any personal information. When it comes to corporate cybersecurity, it can be said that a VPN should be high up on your priority list. This is because you need to ensure that any private data remains well away from any prying eyes. This is more important than ever in the age of big data, because a growing array of data sets makes customers and other stakeholders more vulnerable.
The whole point in getting a corporate VPN in the first place is to secure the communication of your business. Otherwise, the process of accessing sensitive data will be made so much easier for any hackers. Of course, there are many other factors involved in keeping your company’s data as secure as possible. These will be looked at in more detail later in the article.
A corporate VPN differs from a personal VPN in that it allows staff members to access the internal resources of a company, no matter where they are in the world. So, if you happen to have any remote workers within your business, this will allow them to access any relevant materials that they need while ensuring maximum security. Two-step authentication and password entry are two of the most common methods of ensuring that any private data is kept out of harm’s reach.
With so many hackers around the world attempting to gain access to passwords, bank details, customer information, and much more, it only takes a small breach in security and you have permanently left yourself wide open. This means that any personal information that you input over the network can be deciphered by anyone who can access the network. This is why it is essential to have a corporate VPN setup within your business.
Other Considerations for Optimal Corporate Cybersecurity
As we mentioned earlier, making use of a corporate VPN isn’t the only thing that you need to ensure the maximum security of your company’s private data. While a corporate VPN is undoubtedly useful for encrypting any web traffic, it won’t offer much assistance in terms of protection against malware and viruses. Cybersecurity experts at VPNpro spoke with us on Help a Reporter Out and shared some more relevant insights:
• Malware is a malicious piece of software that will attempt to infect your network and any devices which use the network. There are various types of malware too. This includes the likes of Trojan horses, worms, spyware, adware, and more. If any of these forms of malware end up on your network, then your personal data will be put at risk – regardless of the fact you are using a VPN. Machine learning helps VPNs discover new malware variants and protect against them without any input from human cybersecurity experts.
• Viruses, on the other hand, find themselves onto your network in a stealthy manner. They are often loaded without any knowledge or permission, and so can infect and potentially take control of your network. In the process, a virus makes your network more vulnerable to further attacks, slows down your computer(s), and wreaks havoc with your internet connection. The good news is that machine learning can identify them as well.
Thankfully, it doesn’t have to be that way. Simply install solid antivirus and anti-malware software, and your network will be far more secure. Should any hackers attempt to infiltrate your network, then the combination of a corporate VPN and additional security software will most definitely go a long way. Machine learning is helping them respond to newer and more serious threats to security and privacy.
So, there you have it! That concludes our complete guide to corporate VPN security. There are multiple factors that you need to consider to ensure that your data is kept secure at all times. First and foremost, you will need to ensure that you keep up to date with all of the latest developments in regards to corporate cybersecurity. By doing just that, you will reduce the likelihood of any potential breaches in security, and can make sure that the latest guidelines are being adhered to.
In addition to this, it is certainly worthwhile investing in high-quality internet security software too. When it is combined with a solid corporate VPN, you can ensure that any private data remains within your company – well out of reach from any hackers.
Final Thoughts: Machine Learning is Making VPNs More Secure and Effective than Ever
Machine learning is the future of cybersecurity. VPNs depend on it to identify new threats and guard against them at all possible costs. What will be the future of machine learning and cybersecurity? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Revok
Revok (born 1977 in Riverside, California) birth name Jason Williams is an American graffiti artist. The name comes from the movie Scanners by David Cronenberg.
In 2012 Revok started the Detroit Beautification Project.
In 2018 Revok filed a cease-and-desist letter to H&M clothing retailer, claim that the company infringed on his artwork, using it in one of their brand logos. H&M in turn, sued Revok asserting he could not claim copyright on art work created illegally (street art/graffiti). The issue was settled in Revok's favor.
Exhibitions
Solo Exhibitions
* Tragedy & Triumph, Vicious Gallery, Hamburg, 2011.
* Ordinary Things, Library Street Collective, Detroit, 2012.
* Pose-Revok, The Mine Gallery, Dubai, 2014.
* Revok, Ruttkowski;68, Köln, 2015.
* Revok, Library Street Collective, Los Angeles, 2015.
Books
* Roger Gastman: Revok – Made in Detroit, Gingko Press. 2014, ISBN 978-1-584-23552-1. | WIKI |
laþ
Etymology
From.
Adjective
(comparative, superlative )
* 1) loathsome, hateful, unpleasant, evil
Noun
* 1) a person or thing that is evil, hated or unpleasant | WIKI |
Hydraulic Cylinder Design Made Simple
Have you ever wondered how these high powered, heavy duty equipment vehicles work? Vehicles like bulldozers, tractors, cranes and trucks that, push, lift, dump, haul, dig, crush and drill in large scale applications. These vehicles harness enormous power to be able to handle extremely heavy loads. It might surprise you that the main part behind the power are the hydraulic cylinders. . .and they are way more simple than they might seem and don’t even require a lot of energy.
Hydraulic cylinders use the basic principle of fluid under pressure, they are featured in systems that need multiple moving parts all at once. They have been around for quite a while now, since 1970 and they haven’t changed a whole lot when it comes to the design or the function. Sure the tolerances are tighter and the manufacturing processes are much faster now but the classic construction still operates just as well with our new machinery as they did with the old machinery.
The hydraulic cylinder is composed of four main parts – the casing on the outside, which we call the barrel and more often than not made of stainless steel, the piston which rotates is located on the inside of the cylinder, and the bigger the diameter, or bore, the more power it will harness. The piston is a integral part to hydraulic systems, it gives the cylinders force. The piston is attached to the rod, which is a strong, long piece of steel which is exposed to the fluid path, it must be exceptionally corrosion resistant. It retracts and extends through the gland, which is the very front piece of the cylinder. Then you get the butt, the butt is located at the end or bass of the cylinder and it usually attaches to other hydraulic system components, these include valves, pumps and motors.
The oil is kept in a reservoir and whenever the system is active, it is then shot through the cylinder under pressure. This pressure then forces the rod to move back and forth, because the rod is attached t the piston, it then begins to move. The machinery part that is powered by the cylinder will be attached to the piston, enabling it to move. So the movement will start with the liquid, then it is transferred to the rod, then to the piston, and then to the moving part itself.
Today, we make use of two main types of hydraulic cylinders – welded body and tie rod. The tie rod hydraulic cylinders are the ones that have the rods that are attached at both ends of your cylinder. These are much more powerful, and therefore they are used in heavy-duty industrial machinery. The welded hydraulic cylinder doesn’t have a rod, instead it’s attached directly to the item that needs to move. It is missing a huge component which is why welded boyd cylinders tend to be smaller and used for construction equipment like bulldozers or cranes. Telescopic cylinders which are the newer types of cylinders use multiple pistons, offer more flexibility and a wider range of applications. The new versions, however, follow the same basic principles as the classic hydraulic cylinder design.
Contact Sealtec Hydraulics in Vereeniging where we repair and manufacture hydraulic cylinders and systems. We also supply hydraulic seals and accessories.
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CONTACT US
Phone
+27 16 428 5190/1/2/3/4/5/6/7
Fax
(+27) 16 428 4197 (GENERAL FAX)
(+27) 16 428 5040 (SALES FAX)
Envelope
info@sealtec.co.za
Locator
3C Houtkop Road, Duncanville Vereeniging, Gauteng, South Africa GPS: 26 38'56"S 27 56'21"E
Time
Monday to Thursday - 8:00AM till 16:30PM
Fridays - 8:00AM till 14:00PM
Public Holidays Closed
Please note for an urgent breakdown we are available 24/7
Barry Jacobs Senior (Managing Director)
082 478 6959
Barry Jacobs Junior (Sales Director)
083 654 5195
Jacque Jacobs (Technical Director)
082 825 6174
Fanie Campher (Sales Representative)
082 354 1703
Meiring Van Heerden (Sales Representative)
083 375 7338
Sealtec Logo | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hide preview when editing
Hi, is there a way to hide the preview when editing a worker, I have to allow cloudflare’s font and let it be framed from the dashboard because it shows a preview when editing and otherwise I get CSP reports.
Its also one of the two reasons why I have to have unsafe-inline in my style src, so I’d like to have one less reason to need to have it.
I believe simply by ignoring the Blocked by Content Security Policy, unless for reasons of extreme numbers of reports costing you via a paid account @, e.g., report-uri.com , is the only way to “hide” it. It’s what I do. There’s no way I’ll allow unsafe-inline in my CSP’s style-src or script-src (the latter being irrelevent to this topic, though relevant to CSP).
Edit: Also another option that at least minimizes the part of the screen in question:
Its not costing me anything, but yeah, its annoying to get CSP reports every time I go to edit my worker since, hence why I frame-ancestor sent to dash.cloudflare.com, and allowing https://*.cloudflareworkers.com to load fonts, along with one of the two reasons why I allow inline styles due to the cloudflare error page I get (since the worker just injects headers), which causes CSP reports to be sent if I don’t allow them, so I was wondering if there was a way to hide it so I didn’t have to have those overrides.
Even if hiddden, it would still exist. Though there is a way - use uBlock Origin’s Block Element function and pick that entire section.
||xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.cloudflareworkers.com/.edgeworker-fiddle-init-preview/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxiosprivacy.com/$subdocument
yeah I meant more of hide it as in “a way to disable it” instead of just “hiding it somewhere”, also how would the ublock origin rule work if the url keeps changing due to the random subdomain?
cloudflareworkers.com/.edgeworker-fiddle-init-preview/*example.com/$subdocument
(Attachment publicKey - [email protected] - dbd0a5f5.asc is missing)
I tried that but it doesn’t seem to work.
Try that. As it’s written in my email reply, it wouldn’t work well unless one ensures using the opening pipes.
To confirm - it works for me.
Hm, that works, but even after then hiding the preview too, I still have to expand the editor, plus theres still a gap because it won’t let me expand it fully.
Not perfect, but better than the alternative.
(Attachment publicKey - [email protected] - dbd0a5f5.asc is missing)
Yeah true, also I forgot that I could inject CSS via ublock origin, so I can make the editor full width, tho I wonder if I’ll be accidentally affecting other elements
||cloudflareworkers.com^$subdocument,important
dash.cloudflare.com##.Pane2.vertical.Pane
dash.cloudflare.com##.Pane1.vertical.Pane:style(width: 100% !important) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Sthomsy
Austine Ugbede Thomas
Austine Ugbede Thomas (born May 13, 1985) is an Nigeria computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as Digital Solution Giver in Nigeria and Africa Generally.Austine Ugbede Thomas is the chairman and chief executive of Stinet Digital.
Born and raised in Kogi State, Austine Ugbede Thomas began Computer Digital Solution in middle school, with help from his brother. In the University, he is an economist both a keen interest of becoming more in computer.
Austine Ugbbede Thomas later attended Advance Computer School, majoring in computer science and psychology. In his year, he done several work.
Since 2007, Austine has been named among the 100 Computer person in Nigeria.
Early life
Austine Thomas was born in 1985 in Anyigba, Kogi State He is the son of Rebecca Thomas, a trader, and Thomas Echu, a Farmer. He and his FOur Sisters, Ojoma,Uchene, Mary, Omojo and Three brothers, Godwin, Martins and Ojonimi were brought up in Anyigba, Kogi State Austine was raised Nigerian.
At Our Lady of School, Austine excelled in classics. in his Junior and secondary, he won prizes in science (math,physics) and Austine claimed that he could read and write French. | WIKI |
Get access
Short-term ecological and behavioural responses of Mediterranean ant species Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latr. 1798) to wildfire
Authors
Correspondence: Xavier Arnan, Facultat de Biociències, CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain and Faculty of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. E-mail: x.arnan@creaf.uab.es
Abstract
1. Fire greatly affects plant and animal biodiversity. There is an extensive body of literature on the effects of fire on insect communities, in which a large variability of responses has been observed. Very few studies, however, have addressed functional responses at the species level, information that would greatly enhance our understanding of the impact of fire at higher organisational levels.
2. The aim of this study is to analyse the short-term ecological and behavioural responses of the Mediterranean ant Aphaenogaster gibbosa to fire-induced environmental changes. We compared aspects of the abiotic and biotic environment relevant to this species, as well as differences in colony foraging behaviour, on unburnt and burnt plots in a Mediterranean area that was affected by a wildfire.
3. Our results showed that fire modified plant cover around nests and daily cycles of soil temperature close to the nest. Although there were no significant differences in food quantity, food quality (particularly seed composition) was different between unburnt and burnt plots.
4. In accordance with these environmental changes, we found significant differences in the daily activity rhythms and diet composition of A. gibbosa between unburnt and burnt plots. Overall, these differences did not result in significant changes in overall foraging activity and efficiency, allowing ant colonies to maintain the same food intake regardless of the habitat they occupied.
5. We conclude that A. gibbosa uses behavioural plasticity to modify its foraging strategy in recently burnt environments and thus survive post-fire conditions.
Ancillary | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Intelligence
CBD Isolate: Uses, Benefits and Risks
CBD isolate is a form of CBD that doesn’t contain any tetrahydrocannabinol (THC – the compound in cannabis that causes a high).
It’s a good choice for people who would like to try CBD but don’t want to ingest any THC, as many other CBD products contain trace amounts of it.
Read on to find out everything you need to know about CBD isolate, including its uses, benefits and risks.
CBD Isolate: Uses, Benefits and Risks
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is one of a number of chemicals called cannabinoids that are present in the cannabis plant.
THC is also a cannabinoid – but unlike THC, CBD doesn’t have any intoxicating or psychotropic effects.
In recent years CBD has seen a boom in popularity, and CBD products are now widely available to buy. It’s sold in a variety of forms, including oils, tinctures, capsules, vape products, gummies, cosmetics and beverages.
This popularity boom has been driven by increasing interest in CBD’s potential therapeutic benefits, and research is underway around the world to understand its effects.
What is CBD isolate?
Isolate is the purest form of naturally occurring CBD. It comes in the form of a crystalline solid or powder. Depending on the extraction process used, high-quality isolates are usually over 99% pure.
In the UK, CBD products are legally allowed to contain trace amounts of THC (up to 1mg per pack). However, unlike full-spectrum or broad-spectrum CBD products, CBD isolate doesn’t contain any other compounds or substances.
Manufacturers use various extraction processes to remove the active compounds from the cannabis plant. The extracted substance is then refined further to strip away all other compounds, including THC, leaving behind the isolate in crystal form.
The crystals are sometimes ground into a powder to make them easier to add to products or consume. This is often the preferred form of CBD for use in wellness and cosmetic products, due to the fact that it’s highly concentrated, tasteless and odourless.
How is it made?
CBD isolate is generally extracted from industrial hemp, a variety of cannabis plant that contains little to no THC. There are a number of different extraction processes used to isolate CBD from hemp, including supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol extraction.
These processes remove other compounds from the hemp plant, including terpenes, cannabinoids, flavonoids, fats, waxes and lipids. The CBD is then refined further through a series of solvent washes and separation processes.
After all the other compounds, impurities and solvents have been removed, the result is over 99% pure CBD crystals.
How to use CBD isolate
CBD isolate is added to many commercially available products, but you can also buy it in its pure form. Here are some of the most popular ways to use it:
• Make your own CBD oils or topicals: you can make your own custom CBD oil by mixing CBD isolate with a carrier oil, such as olive oil or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Taking the DIY route will enable you to maintain full control over your CBD dosage – with commercially available CBD oils it can sometimes be difficult to work out exactly how much CBD you’re getting.
To make your own topicals, simply add some isolate to your favourite skin oil and apply it to your skin. If you’re not sure how much CBD to use, check out our article on finding the right dosage
• Vape it: CBD isolate can be dissolved in e-liquid and vaped. E-liquid with a PG (propylene glycol) base tends to mix better with CBD crystals – simply dissolve the desired amount into a PG e-liquid by shaking or gently heating
• Take it sublingually: as with CBD oil, isolate can be taken sublingually (under the tongue). To do this, put the CBD powder directly beneath your tongue and keep it there for around a minute. The CBD will be absorbed through your mucous membranes, reaching your bloodstream quicker than with other methods
• Ingest it: you can ingest CBD isolate by putting it into homemade capsules. To make them, you’ll need a capsule filling machine and some empty capsules, both of which can be easily found online. Again, this is a good way to accurately measure your dosage. You can also add it to food or drinks.
Some sources maintain that CBD has lower bioavailability when ingested orally compared to other methods. This means it may be more difficult for your body to absorb into the bloodstream. Adding it to a carrier oil before ingesting may increase its bioavailability by enabling it to permeate the gastrointestinal tract more easily
What are the benefits of CBD isolate?
There are many different CBD products available – so why use isolate? Here are some of the benefits:
• Versatility: as we explored in the previous section, there are many different ways to use CBD isolate. This means you can buy one product and try out multiple methods of consumption, enabling you to find out what works for you. Whether you want to take it sublingually, add it to food or drinks or make your own DIY topicals, CBD isolate is a one-stop-shop
• Ease of dosing: due to its purity, it’s much easier to accurately measure your dosage with CBD isolate compared to other CBD products. Other products mix CBD extract with other ingredients, making it difficult to measure the exact amount of CBD you’re consuming.
Since it is more than 99% pure, you know that 1mg of isolate essentially equals 1mg of CBD. 1mg of a less concentrated extract may have, for example, 0.5mg of CBD and 0.5mg of terpenes and other compounds. This makes CBD isolate very useful if you want specific dosages.
• Zero THC: CBD isolate is a good option for those who want to be sure they aren’t consuming any THC, as many other products may contain trace amounts
Are there any risks?
CBD isolate is generally acknowledged to be safe and well-tolerated by the body. However, in some studies, CBD has caused side effects in some people, including:
• Diarrhoea
• Changes in appetite
• Fatigue
• Changes in weight
• Mood changes
Research suggests that CBD may sometimes interact with other medications. It’s advisable to speak to your doctor before taking CBD, especially if you’re taking any medication.
arrow green back | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What is sql statement of dataset for month of year
I want to generate a SQL statement for three data elements (A, B, C) of the dataset named “xxxx” for April 2023. how I can prepare this sql statement.
Hi @sami.oracle10g
You’d probably use the datavalue table as the main table and might want to get the values from other tables such as period, datasetelement…etc
Datavalue columns are as follows, see screenshot:
To get the above I made sure to add LIMIT to the SQL query because requesting all datavalues in the DB will probably fail,
select * from datavalue
LIMIT 50;
You can add OFFSET to explore further. I would also add “Where Deleted == false” to make it easier.
I thought it’d be best to give you general idea rather than one specific example because it might not the same for the data elements you want to query.
Hope this helps… please feel free to post your finding and if you have further questions.
Thanks!
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nang County
Nang County is a county under the jurisdiction of Nyingtri City in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
Geography
Nang is located in the south-west of Nyingtri, at the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The county de jure covers an area of 4,120 square kilometres, including the area claimed but de facto under control of the Arunachal Pradesh, India. The average altitude is 5,000 metres above sea level.
Administrative divisions
Nang County contains 3 towns and 3 townships. | WIKI |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Zahle and Forzol
A Greco-Melchite diocese. In the seventeenth, or perhaps in the sixteenth, century the diocese of Seleucia Pieria was for greater safety transferred by the Patriarch of Antioch to Maaloula in the Lebanon. The reason of this transfer was forgotten at a later date, and a town of Seleucia Libani=1F was invented and identified with Maaloula, though such a town never existed. When the see was transferred from Maaloula to Forzol, the title of Seleucia accompanied it. The transfer had already taken place in 1760, for the Catholic titular Euthymius then signed as Bishop of Forzol and Beqaa (Echos d'Orient, V, 86). In October, 1790, a Catholic bishop of Zahlé assisted at a council held in the Convent of Saint-Sauveur (Echos d'Orient, X, 227). The Diocese of Zahle is identical with that of Forzol, under which name it often appears. Since 1849 (Council of Jerusalem), at least among Catholics, the bishop bears the titles of Zahle, Forzol, and Beqaa. Since 1768 his residence has been at Zahle. Among the schismatics the bishop always bears the title of Seleucia. Zahle itself dates only from the end of the seventeenth century, when Catholics fled thither in great numbers, the locality being under the protection of the emirs of Lebanon, by whom they were protected from schismatics and Mussulmans. Gradually the place grew larger; it is now a city of about 20,000 inhabitants, nearly all Catholics of the Greco- Melchite Rite. In 1860 the Druses destroyed 2000 houses, and several Christians were massacred, among them four Jesuits. There are to-day a Jesuit residence and a school, similarly a residence and a school in the Molallaqa quarter. The diocese comprises 30,000 Catholics, 47 priests, 33 churches and chapels, 9 primary schools, 3 convents of Salavatorians, Alepins, and of Chouerites, with 43 religious.
LAMMENS in Revue de l'Orient chritien, VIII, 314-19; JULLIEN, La nourelle mission de la Compagnie de Jesus en Syrie, I (Paris, 1899), 163-187, 274-324; GOUDARD, La Sainte Vierge au Liban (Paris, 1908), 423-38; Missiones catholicae (Rome, 1907), 784.
S. VAILHE | WIKI |
Uninstall the application
This section describes the Net iD Portal uninstall procedure.
Settings and dependencies
When uninstalling Net iD Portal, the current database together with some files and settings are still stored in the system, even if the application has been uninstalled.
The settings that still are stored in the system are:
• [INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICE]\[Application Pools]\NiPAppPool
• [INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICE]\[WebSite or VirtualDirectory]
• [INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICE]\[WebSite or VirtualDirectory]EWS
The objects in Internet Information Service are stored in the system because of special settings in the IIS and will not be automatically removed to facilitate upgrading of Net iD Portal.
Upgrading
When upgrading Net iD Portal, the current version of the application must first be uninstalled.
Use the current installation package from Pointsharp AB:
1. Unzip the installation package file.
2. Stop the services Net iD Portal Generic Service and Net iD Portal TimerService.
3. Replace the files in the installation folder with the new files obtained from Pointsharp.
Do not replace the following files when upgrading:
<Installation Directory>\WebServiceApplication\Web.config
<Installation Directory>\WebServiceExternal\Web.config
<Installation Directory>\GenericService\SecMaker.NiP.GS.exe.config
<Installation Directory>\TimerService\SecMaker.NiP.TS.exe.config
4. Run SecMaker.NiP.Commander.exe and choose command [1] and [6].
Follow the instructions to upgrade the database.
Complete uninstallation
Do the following steps to make a complete uninstall of Net iD Portal. Note that all settings and information about the users in Net iD Portal will be erased!
1. Delete all files in the Net iD Portal directory.
2. Stop the windows services Net iD Portal Generic Service and Net iD Portal Timer Service.
3. Run powershell with administrative privilegies and type in the following command to uninstall the windows services:
#####
$service1 = Get-WmiObject –Class Win32_Service –Filter "Name=’Net iD Portal Generic Service’"
$service1.delete()
$service2 = Get-WmiObject –Class Win32_Service –Filter "Name=’Net iD Portal Timer Service’"
$service2.delete()
4. Delete the installation directory of Net iD Portal, <Net iD Portal Installation Directory>\Net iD Portal\).
5. Open Microsoft Internet Information Service.
6. Delete the installed WebSites or Virtual Directories, for example nip and nipEWS.
7. In Internet Information Service, go to Application Pools and delete the NiPAppPool object.
8. Close Microsoft Internet Information Service.
9. Open Microsoft SQL Management Studio.
10. Delete the current system database and log database, for example NiPDB, NiPDB_log, and NiPDB_logClient.
11. Expand Security tree and open Logins directory.
12. Delete the NiPDBUser service account.
13. Close Microsoft SQL Management Studio.
The Net iD Portal structure is now uninstalled from the system. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
栄養学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1883-7921
Print ISSN : 0021-5147
ISSN-L : 0021-5147
介入指導による男性従業員の動脈硬化指数の改善効果
石川 豊美堀江 祥允堀江 和代
著者情報
ジャーナル フリー
2005 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 261-271
詳細
抄録
The improving effects of a lifestyle education program on the arteriosclerosis index in male volunteers were studied, and the data obtained were analyzed in relation to their lifestyle. Out of the 307 male employees in a company in Nagoya with a slightly high risk of lifestyle-related diseases, 49 volunteers aged 30 to 60 years participated in an intervention program involving brief individual counseling and the distribution of a health-education newsletter once a week for 12 weeks. This program, aimed mainly at reducing the daily energy intake, consisted of (1) reducing the intake of sugar, confectionery and oil, (2) increasing the intake of seaweed, yellow and green vegetables, and soybean and its products, and (3) enhancing physical activity as much as possible, at least more than 7, 000 steps in a day. The results after the intervention trial show that nearly 50% of the volunteers had continued to implement objectives 2 and 3, and almost all had maintained objective 1. While the serum total cholesterol level remained unchanged, the serum HDL-cholesterol level had significantly increased, with significant improvement to the arteriosclerosis index. The improving effects continued for four years after the intervention trial. Those volunteers who could be judged to have a stable and active lifestyle best met objectives 1 and 2, and showed a higher serum HDL level.
著者関連情報
© 特定非営利活動法人日本栄養改善学会
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Commercial Building (Alexandria, Louisiana)
The Commercial Building in Alexandria, Louisiana, home of the Commercial Bank and Trust Company after it was built in 1915, is a historic commercial building located at the corner of Third Street and Johnston Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
It is seven stories tall and was the city's first skyscraper. It was designed by architect W.L. Stevens. In 1978 it was still the second tallest building in Alexandria.
It was deemed notable as "a good representative example of the early phase of the American 'skyscraper' which was developed in Chicago in the 1880s. The Commercial Building is the only such example in Alexandria" and one of only four in the northern part of Louisiana. | WIKI |
Dataframes
marimo makes you more productive when working with dataframes, the most common Python tool for interacting with data.
marimo integrates with Pandas and Polars dataframes natively. The examples on this page use Pandas, but Polars works too.
Displaying dataframes
You can display dataframes directly in the output area of a cell, by including them in the last expression of the cell:
A raw dataframe output
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_json(
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vega/vega-datasets/master/data/cars.json"
)
df
By default the dataframe is displayed using mo.ui.table, which provides a a rich, interactive table view. You can also use mo.plain to revert to the to the default HTML representation.
df = pd.read_json(
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vega/vega-datasets/master/data/cars.json"
)
mo.plain(df)
Rich displays. You can display dataframes in rich tables or charts using the mo.ui.table or mo.ui.altair_chart elements.
Rich, interactive displays
import marimo as mo
import altair as alt
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_json(
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vega/vega-datasets/master/data/cars.json"
)[["Horsepower", "Miles_per_Gallon", "Origin"]]
mo.hstack(
[
mo.ui.table(df),
mo.ui.altair_chart(
alt.Chart(df)
.mark_point()
.encode(x="Horsepower", y="Miles_per_Gallon", color="Origin")
),
],
widths="equal",
)
Selecting dataframes
Select data in a table or Plotly/Altair plot, and your selection is automatically sent to Python as a Pandas dataframe.
Select rows in a table, get them back as a dataframe
# Cell 1 - display a dataframe
import marimo as mo
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
table = mo.ui.table(df, selection="multi")
table
# Cell 2 - display the selection
table.value
Transforming dataframes
No-code transformations
Use mo.ui.dataframe to interactively transform a dataframe with a GUI, no coding required!. When you’re done, you can copy the code that the GUI generated for you and paste it into your notebook.
Build transformations using a GUI
# Cell 1
import marimo as mo
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"person": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"], "age": [20, 30, 40]})
transformed_df = mo.ui.dataframe(df)
transformed_df
# Cell 2
# transformed_df.value holds the transformed dataframe
transformed_df.value
Copy the code of the transformation
Custom filters
Create custom filters with marimo UI elements, like sliders and dropdowns.
# Cell 1 - create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({"person": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"], "age": [20, 30, 40]})
# Cell 2 - create a filter
age_filter = mo.ui.slider(start=0, stop=100, value=50, label="Max age")
age_filter
# Cell 3 - display the transformed dataframe
filtered_df = df[df["age"] < age_filter.value]
mo.ui.table(filtered_df)
Polars support
marimo also supports Polars, a modern, faster alternative to Pandas.
Example.
Check out a full example here, or run it yourself:
marimo edit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marimo-team/marimo/main/examples/third_party/polars_example.py | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Albert E. Brown
Major General Albert Eger Brown (June 13, 1889 – October 12, 1984) was a decorated officer in the United States Army. A graduate of West Point, he was a veteran of Pancho Villa Expedition and both World Wars and is most noted for his service as commanding general (CG) of the 7th Infantry Division during the Aleutian Islands campaign of World War II.
Following the War, Brown served as chairman of the Joint U.S.–USSR Commission on Korea and his main task was to administer South Korea and negotiate with the Soviet delegation. He completed his career in 1949 as commanding general, Northern Military District of Sixth U.S. Army with headquarters at Vancouver Barracks in Washington.
Early career
Albert Eger Brown was born on June 13, 1889, in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Samuel Claude Brown and Fannie May Hertz. His father, whose family had emigrated to the United States from Scotland, served as part-owner and general manager of Bolton Mining Company, a phosphate rock mining company near Charleston.
Young Albert completed public and private schools in Charleston and graduated from the Charleston High School in summer 1907. He entered the College of Charleston, but left the following year, after he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York. He was active in football squad and shooting team and earned the nickname "Burfy".
Among his classmates were several future general officer including: Archibald V. Arnold, Raymond O. Barton, Stephen J. Chamberlin, Bradford G. Chynoweth, Gilbert R. Cook, Roscoe C. Crawford, Philip R. Faymonville, Millard Harmon, Wade H. Haislip, Thomas J. Hayes, William H. Hobson, Davenport Johnson, John E. Lewis, Robert M. Littlejohn, Francis B. Mallon, Harry J. Malony, William J. Morrissey, Walter M. Robertson, Sidney P. Spalding, Franklin C. Sibert, Walton Walker, William G. Weaver, William H. Wilbur and John S. Wood.
He graduated on June 12, 1912, with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Infantry Branch. Brown was then assigned to the 4th Infantry Regiment stationed at Fort Crook, Nebraska, and accompanied the regiment to Galveston, Texas, in January 1913 during the Border War with Mexican insurgents under Pancho Villa.
Brown served on the Mexican border at Galveston until April 1914, when he sailed with his regiment to Veracruz, Mexico, for occupation duty following a United States landing. He was promoted to first lieutenant in July 1916 and assumed command of an infantry company of his regiment at Brownsville.
Following the American entry into World War I in April 1917, Brown was promoted to captain on May 15, and was ordered to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where he joined the newly activated 59th Infantry Regiment and became the regimental adjutant. He remained with that outfit until November that year, when he was sent to Camp Greene, North Carolina, for service as adjutant of the 8th Brigade, 4th Division, under Brigadier General Samuel W. Miller.
Brown was promoted to the temporary rank of major and embarked for France in June 1918. He participated in the Aisne-Marne Offensive and was named adjutant of the 92nd Division's 183rd Brigade, then commanded by Brigadier General Charles Gerhardt one month later. He took part in the combats in the Vosges Mountains, Argonne Forest and Marbache sector and following the Armistice with Germany on November 11, 1918, he was attached to the headquarters of the 92nd Division under Brigadier General James B. Erwin.
Between the wars
Brown returned with the division to the United States in February 1919 and served for short periods at Camp Upton, New York and Camp Meade, Maryland, before he was appointed Inspector for the 8th District of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) at Kansas City, Missouri, in April 1919. He was also reverted to the peacetime rank of captain.
He spent four years in this capacity and received a permanent rank of major in April 1923, when he was appointed Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks. Brown was ordered to the Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia in September that year and completed Infantry officers course in June 1924.
Another schooling took place shortly thereafter, when he was ordered as a student to the Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Brown graduated in June 1925 and served at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, for some time, before embarked for Hawaii for staff duties with the Hawaiian Department, then commanded by Major General Edward Mann Lewis.
Brown returned to the United States in June 1929 and enrolled the Army War College in Washington, D.C., where he graduated following June. He then entered the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, in July 1930, graduating in June 1931.
He was then ordered back to Washington and joined the War Department General Staff, where he served under General Douglas MacArthur, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, until October 1935. While in this capacity, Brown was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1935.
His next tour of duty took him back to Fort Benning, where he was attached to the Infantry Board, which supervised the development of all weapons and equipment for the Infantry. He then served as commanding officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, 29th Infantry Regiment from September 1938 to May 1939, when he was transferred to command of 1st Battalion, 38th Infantry Regiment. While in this capacity as battalion commander, he participated in the demonstration of infantry tactics and operations for student officers at Fort Benning.
Brown returned to Washington in April 1940 and assumed duty as Assistant to Chief of Budget & Legislative Planning Board, War Department General Staff. Following his promotion to colonel in February 1941, he was appointed Chief of the Budget & Legislative Planning Board. While in this capacity, Brown was responsible for the preparation of requests for funds and legislation for Congress and was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in August 1941.
World War II
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the American entry into World War II in December 1941, Brown was ordered to Fort Ord, California, and appointed assistant division commander (ADC) of the 7th Infantry Division under Major General Charles H. White. Brown took part in the amphibious training at the Salinas River in California and following a promotion to the temporary rank of major general in May 1942, he relieved White in command of the 7th Division.
He spent several month with training at Camp San Luis Obispo, California, and participated in the desert training in the Mojave Desert and later in the amphibious training under Major General Holland Smith of the United States Marine Corps (USMC).
Aleutian Islands
Following the Japanese landing at Kiska and Attu, Aleutian Islands, Brown was tasked with the command of Task force for the capture of Attu. He landed on Attu on D-Day, May 11, 1943, and began advance inland. The progress of his men was slow due to many machine gun nests and sniper fire and Brown requested additional naval bombardment support and more reinforcements. Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, Commander of the North Pacific Force, who held overall command of the operation, feared of Japanese submarines, which attacked his vessels few days earlier. Brown continued requesting reinforcements and large quantities of engineering and road building equipment, but Kinkaid questioned the request and the lack of any positive indications of a speedy breakthrough persuaded him that Brown was bogged down.
Kinkaid consulted the situation with generals DeWitt and Buckner Jr., who recommended Brown's relieve. Brown was succeeded by Major general Eugene M. Landrum as Task Force Commander and ordered back to the United States for new assignment.
Stateside duty
Upon his arrival stateside, Brown was given non-combat duty as Commanding general, Infantry Replacement Training Center at Camp Wheeler, Georgia. It seemed that he would spend the rest of the war stateside, but he received another chance when he was offered assignment of a battlefield command in Europe.
European Theater of Operations
In December 1944, Brown was ordered to the European Theater of Operations (E.T.O.) and joined the headquarters of the 35th Infantry Division, under Major General Paul W. Baade, in Belgium for a brief period. He was then appointed Commanding general, Ground Force Reinforcement Command, U.S. E.T.O. and was responsible for the supplying of reinforcements to all units in the E.T.O. until the beginning of April 1945, when he assumed command of the 5th Infantry Division, following Major General Stafford LeRoy Irwin's promotion to XII Corps command.
Brown led the division during the clearing of the Ruhr Pocket and then drove the Germans from the Lower Bavaria, Austria, and ultimately crossed the Czechoslovakian border on May 1, 1945. The division participated in the combats against retreating German forces until it reached the demarcation line near Vimperk and Volary. When stationed in Czechoslovakia following the surrender of Nazi Germany, divisional troops discovered shallow graves of Jewish death march victims from Helmbrechts concentration camp, who were starved to death by German SS Troops.
Brown ordered German civilians from a nearby town to exhume and rebury them in the cemetery in Volary. He also forced the German civilians to walk past the dead bodies. For his service in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia, Brown was decorated with Legion of Merit and Bronze Star Medal. He also received Legion of Honour and Croix de Guerre with Palm by France; War Cross by Czechoslovakia and Order of the Red Star by Soviets.
Postwar service
Brown spent several weeks on occupation duty in southeast Lower Bavaria, where his division was responsible for resettlement of displaced persons, supplying of German civilians with food, medical care and maintaining of civil order. By the end of June, Fifth Division began its redeployment to the United States, where it arrived in late July 1945. The division was subsequently stationed at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, where Brown supervised the preparation for division's redeployment to the Pacific theater.
The surrender of Japan on August 15, changed the situation and Brown was now responsible for the demobilization of his troops until June 1946, when he was himself ordered to the Pacific area for new assignment. Brown assumed command of 6th Infantry Division in Korea, which controlled southern half of the United States occupation zone and remained in that capacity until September that year, when he was appointed Chairman of Joint U.S.-USSR Commission on Korea. His main task was to administer South Korea and negotiate with Soviet delegation under Colonel general Terentii Shtykov, who was then responsible for the administration of North Korea.
Brown remained in this capacity until December 1946, when he was appointed Deputy Commanding general, U.S. Army Forces in Korea under lieutenant general John R. Hodge. He also served as interim commanding general from February to April 1947 during general Hodge's absence and then resumed his duties as Deputy Commanding general. Brown served in Korea until March 1948 and received his second Legion of Merit for service there. The citation for the medal reads:
"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, 20 July 1942, takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Award of the Legion of Merit to Major General Albert Eger Brown, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Deputy Commanding General and Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Korea, from September 1946 to November 1947."
Upon his return stateside in September 1948, Brown was appointed Commanding general, Northern Military District of Sixth U.S. Army with headquarters at Vancouver Barracks, Washington. During the same period, he demanded that his case of relieving at Attu in April 1943 be reviewed and after long and acrimonious series of hearings, Brown was formally cleared of any misconduct in 1949.
Brown retired from the army on June 30, 1949, after 37 years of active service and settled in Asheville, North Carolina. He and his wife then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he died on October 12, 1984, aged 95. Major General Albert E. Brown was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, beside his wife Jesse Sewell Weaver Brown (1889-1982) and his son Albert E. Brown Jr., who died in a traffic accident in 1940, after his graduation from West Point.
Decorations
Major General Albert E. Brown's ribbon bar: | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Faseeh Shams
The result was delete. j⚛e deckertalk 02:01, 31 July 2014 (UTC)
Faseeh Shams
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
The sources in the article do not indicate a sufficient level of notability to meet guidelines at WP:BIO; e.g. no independent sources about the subject. Deli nk (talk) 12:46, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Pakistan-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:03, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Photography-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:04, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:04, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:04, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Delete - Most of the sources are trivial mentions. The strongest source is of questionable reliability and merely establishes that Amanda Gorence considers the subject a photojournalist. From that source's about page: "If you’re a photographer, you can now promote your work, new series, website, gallery show, etc. on Feature Shoot for an affordable price." Obviously, the strongest source exists to promote photographers. The subject fails to meet WP:CREATIVE or WP:GNG.- MrX 16:17, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, NorthAmerica1000 10:31, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, NorthAmerica1000 05:27, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
* Delete. per MrX. Fai zan 19:42, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
* Delete per nom Gbawden (talk) 10:25, 25 July 2014 (UTC)
| WIKI |
-- Rouen Grain Exports Rise 2.2% on North African Wheat Shipments
Grain exports from the French port
of Rouen, Europe’s biggest wheat-shipping hub, rose 2.2 percent
in the latest week as increased deliveries to Algeria and
Morocco made up for a decline in barley cargoes. Total loadings for export gained to 145,646 metric tons in
the Oct. 3-9 period from 142,486 tons in the prior week, the
Seine River port wrote in an e-mailed report today. Algeria was the biggest destination in the latest week,
taking 74,356 tons of soft wheat, from 31,000 tons previously.
Morocco took 27,500 tons of soft wheat, the first shipped to the
country since the third week of August, as well as 5,700 tons of
feed barley. Wheat shipments climbed to 139,946 tons from 76,394 tons,
while barley deliveries fell to 5,700 tons from 66,092 tons as
cargoes to Saudi Arabia and Peru weren’t repeated. Rouen accounted for 45 percent of France ’s soft-wheat
exports in 2012-13, ahead of La Pallice on the Bay of Biscay and
Dunkirk on the North Sea, according to port figures. Rouen grain loadings by destination, in metric tons: To contact the reporter on this story:
Rudy Ruitenberg in Paris at
rruitenberg@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Claudia Carpenter at
ccarpenter2@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
pugs-DrIFT-2.2.3.20120203: DrIFT with pugs-specific rules.
Safe HaskellNone
DrIFT.YAML
Documentation
class Typeable a => YAML a whereSource
Instances
YAML Bool
YAML Double
YAML Int
YAML Integer
YAML Rational
YAML Word
YAML String
YAML ()
YAML Buf
YAML a => YAML [a]
(Typeable a, YAML a) => YAML (TVar a)
YAML a => YAML (Maybe a)
YAML a => YAML (Seq a)
(YAML a, YAML b) => YAML (a, b)
(YAML a, YAML b, YAML c) => YAML (a, b, c)
fromYAMLseq :: forall a. YAML a => YamlNode -> IO [a]Source
fromYAMLmap :: forall a. YAML a => YamlNode -> IO [(String, a)]Source
fromYAMLmapBuf :: forall a. YAML a => YamlNode -> IO [(ByteString, a)]Source
asYAMLwith :: (YAML a, YAML b) => (a -> EmitAs b) -> a -> EmitAs YamlNodeSource
failWith :: forall a. YAML a => YamlElem -> IO aSource
visitNode :: ([countRef :: IORef Int], [duplHash :: DuplHash]) => YamlNode -> IO YamlNodeSource
visitElem :: ([countRef :: IORef Int], [duplHash :: DuplHash]) => YamlElem -> IO YamlElemSource
markNode :: ([seenHash :: SeenHash], [duplHash :: DuplHash]) => YamlNode -> IO YamlNodeSource
markElem :: ([seenHash :: SeenHash], [duplHash :: DuplHash]) => YamlElem -> IO (Int32, YamlElem)Source | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Multi Tenant Architecture - Jira Cloud and Data Center for apps
Hi Team,
I have an app for Jira Cloud (Built using Forge) and Jira Data Center on the marketplace. It is tied to a third-party SAAS platform and provides integration for ticket creation in Jira.
I want to understand how multi-tenancy would work for both of them.
The idea is If any of our customers are using the Multi-Tenant Architecture of Jira Cloud or Jira Data Center, how would the app work in that case?
Would the app have logical segregation for each tenant and can be treated as a separate app and platform would handle it automatically or as a developer I need to perform anything on that part?
Hi Anish,
Forge apps are isolated to the tenant (site) that they are installed into by design. So as long as they map 1:1 with the tenants on the third party SAAS platform then I think yes, the platform would probably handle that for you.
I can’t really give a definitive answer though. It depends a lot one which way data is flowing, how you’re doing auth etc. Do you a more specific question I could help with?
Thanks, Adam.
So as part of the app, we ask for certain auth parameters for that SAAS product and then store it in storage API and use it to do API calls, based on the response of that request, we get certain events, corresponding to which we create Jira tickets.
Could you help me how it works for the data center app as well? Thanks!
Best to ask the folks over in the Data Center category :slightly_smiling_face: Jira Data Center - The Atlassian Developer Community | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dangerous Code – Case for Java EE
When writing a Java web application is very easy to inadvertently introduce security holes if you are primarily relying on security constraints specified in the web.xml. Security constraints specified in web.xml enforce access by examining the requested URL. This works fine as long as you aren’t programmatically dispatching pages within Java code.Hint: unless the web app has only static content and no forms then programmatic dispatch is happening.
Let’s consider a simple forgot password scenario for the admin portion of a web application:
1. Admin goes to log into the restricted part of the web application and realizes that he/she has forgotten their password.
2. Admin then clicks on the forgot password link which takes them to a page for resetting their password.
3. After entering their username, the web application generates a reset email with a link and emails it to the address on file.
4. User is redirected to the login page which displays a confirmation message that an email has been sent (which contains instructions on resetting the password).
A couple of notes about this scenario:
• All pages pertaining to administration are under /admin (admin/index.xhtml, admin/editAccount.xhtml, etc.)
• Form based security is in configured properly (using a realm).
• User must be a member of the admin group in order to access the pages under /admin.
Note: Although the code below will use JSF and CDI, this problem is not specific to these two technologies – this also applies to Struts and potentially any Java web application.
The web.xml has the following security setup:
[sourcecode language=”xml”]
<security-role>
<role-name>admin</role-name>
</security-role>
<security-constraint>
<display-name>Constraints-1</display-name>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>admin-rsrc</web-resource-name>
<description/>
<url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint>
<description>authentication-required</description>
<role-name>admin</role-name>
</auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>
<login-config>
<auth-method>FORM</auth-method>
<realm-name>ctjava</realm-name>
<form-login-config>
<form-login-page>/login.faces</form-login-page>
<form-error-page>/login_error.faces</form-error-page>
</form-login-config>
</login-config>
[/sourcecode]
This configuration snippets ensures that if someone requests http://ctjava.org/admin they will be routed to http://ctjava.org/login.faces if they have not already authenticated. This looks pretty clear-cut and you would assume that the pages under /admin are safe from the nefarious but this is not the case!
So let’s go back to our scenario. The admin lands on login.faces and realizes that they’ve forgotten their password so they click on the forgot password link. This takes them to reset.xhtml.
changePassword.xhtml:
[sourcecode language=”xhtml”]
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html">
<h:head>
<title>${msgs.title}</title>
</h:head>
<h:body>
<div class="line"/>
<h:form>
Please enter the username for the account:
<label>Username:</label>
<h:inputText value="#{resetPasswordController.username}" size="25" maxlength="50"/>
<h:commandButton action="#{resetPasswordController.reset()}" value="Reset"/>
</h:form>
</h:body>
</html>
[/sourcecode]
This looks pretty simple, let’s take a look at the Java code which handles this request:
[sourcecode language=”java”]
@Model
public class ResetPasswordController {
// other methods
public String reset() {
accountManager.resetPassword(username);
facesContext.addMessage("none",new FacesMessage(FacesMessage.SEVERITY_INFO, "Password reset email sent.","Password reset email sent."));
return "admin";
}
}
[/sourcecode]
Then in our faces-config.xml we have the following:
[sourcecode language=”xml”]
<navigation-case>
<from-outcome>admin</from-outcome>
<to-view-id>/admin/index.faces</to-view-id>
</navigation-case>
[/sourcecode]
This all looks pretty simple. The user will enter their username into the form and then be routed to the admin login page (or at least that is the idea). By sending the user to /admin we are ‘expecting’ that the container will redisplay the login.faces page with the message that an email has been sent. Sounds good – right?
What is actually going to happen here is that the user will gain immediate access to the restricted pages under /admin. When we returned ‘admin’ from the action method, the page was retrieved internally. That is, we basically told the container to render /admin/index.faces (aka /admin/index.xhtml) directly. The container assumes that we know what we are doing and renders the page. This is REALLY bad!!
To correct this problem we of course have to fix the action but what about accidental code that does something like this? Although extensive testing will hopefully catch most of these how do we ensure that even if code like this exists, the page won’t get rendered?
When using Java EE we can annotate classes and methods with @RolesAllowed. It takes as a parameter the roles that are allowed to access the class/method. All admin code (beans) should be annotated with @RolesAllowed. The container will check the roles of the current user/session to see whether access is allowed. If not an exception will be thrown. Thus, even if a user is able to trigger navigation to a restricted page, the page will either fail to render because it attempts to invoke restricted methods or none of the actions on the page can be invoked because they invoke restricted actions.
This solution assumes that you are running in a Java EE container. This solution will not work in Tomcat. If you need security and you are using a web container like Tomcat you can either find a solution (like Spring) or switch to a Java EE container (open source free containers include GlassFish and JBoss). Of course you can roll your own solution but that probably doesn’t make any financial sense. One of the major features of Enterprise Java Beans is SECURITY.
Note: Java EE got much easier with Java EE 5 (Java EE 7 will be released in 2013). If you still have nightmares about EJB 1.x or 2.x try to forget the past. EJB 3.x is much easier to use and is really easy (POJOs and annotations!). With Glassfish 3+ and JBoss 5+, Java EE doesn’t require a gobs of RAM and a half-dozen classes to implement Hello World.
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%d | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Denise Wilkinson
Sister Denise Wilkinson, S.P. is a Catholic leader, writer and educator. She was the Superior General of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana, from 2006 to 2016. During her term, the congregation's foundress Saint Mother Theodore Guerin was canonized a saint. Wilkinson also oversaw the founding of the Providence Associates program, the renovation of several properties at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, and long-range planning for the Sisters of Providence.
Career
Wilkinson attended Marywood High School in Evanston, Illinois, where she was first introduced to the Sisters of Providence congregation. Wilkinson entered the congregation on September 12, 1963 and became a fully professed Sister of Providence on August 25, 1973.
Wilkinson earned a bachelor's degree in English from Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College. She also attended Saint Louis University and received her master's in counseling.
She spent some time as Vice President of Student Affairs at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, promoting the college as "a spot to demonstrate works of love, mercy and justice."
In 2006, Wilkinson was elected superior general of the Sisters of Providence when Sister Ann Margaret O'Hara decided not to seek a second term. Wilkinson was re-elected in 2011. Her administration focused on long-range congregation planning and moving the Sisters of Providence toward self-sufficiency. Wilkinson and her administration opened Providence Cristo Rey High School in Indianapolis as a sponsored ministry of the Congregation in 2007.
A significant part of Wilkinson's terms involved the canonization of Saint Mother Theodore Guerin in October 2006. Over the course of her administration, Wilkinson led the establishment of the permanent shrine of Saint Mother Theodore, which opened in 2014. She also led efforts to streamline the Sisters' finances and maximize use of buildings owned by the congregation.
After two terms as general superior, she was succeeded by Sister Dawn Tomaszewski in the role on September 10, 2016. | WIKI |
UPDATE 3-Brazilian police sniper kills Rio bus hijacker; no hostages hurt
(Adds details from Wiztel news conference) By Gabriel Stargardter and Rodrigo Viga Gaier RIO DE JANEIRO, Aug 20 (Reuters) - A police sniper in Rio de Janeiro on Tuesday shot dead a man who had hijacked a bus on a bridge across Guanabara Bay and taken 37 people hostage, in a dramatic end to an incident that underlined the daily grind of violence in the Brazilian city. The hijacking, from which all the hostages emerged unharmed, began before dawn when a masked man commandeered a commuter bus on the bridge connecting Rio with the city of Niteroi. The man took 37 people in the bus hostage before freeing six of them, officials said. About four hours later, the hostage-taker walked out of the bus, flung a backpack toward police and then fell to the ground as he tried to re-enter the vehicle, TV images showed. Police officials said he was shot by a police sniper. Videos showed the sniper, positioned for more than an hour on top of a fire truck, celebrating after shooting the man. Police did not provide more details on the hostage-taker. In a news conference later, Rio de Janeiro state Governor Wilson Witzel said there was a strong smell of gasoline in the bus and that the hijacker had a lighter in his hand. “Congratulations to the Rio de Janeiro police for the successful action that ended the bus hijacking on the Rio-Niteroi bridge this morning,” President Jair Bolsonaro wrote on Twitter. “The criminal was neutralized and no hostage was injured. Today, no family-member of an innocent person will be in tears.” Bolsonaro, a far-right former federal congressman who represented the state of Rio de Janeiro for nearly three decades, has long advocated that police take a tougher line to combat years of rising crime. In 2015, he said Brazil’s military police should “kill more people.” Since taking office in January, he has sought to broaden citizen access to guns and pushed measures to protect police if they kill on the job. Although the number of murders in Rio has fallen sharply in recent months, the city’s police have killed 15% more people so far this year compared with the same period in 2018. A total of 881 people, or nearly five per day, died at the hands of police between January and June, putting it on track to be the highest number since records started being kept in 2003. This week’s bus hijacking also highlighted a grim reality of life in Rio, where many use specialized apps to safely navigate their way past daily gun battles between police, drug gangs, and vigilante militias comprised of current and former cops. Local media reported the unidentified hijacker was armed with a plastic gun but there was no official confirmation. Hans Moreno, a passenger on the bus, told Globo News the hijacker had a pistol and a knife, and never explained to passengers the reasons for his actions. As the hijacking ended, a visibly delighted Witzel arrived by helicopter and bounded across the bridge to hug police involved in killing the hijacker. Witzel, an ideological peer of Bolsonaro who also took office in January, says police should kill anyone with a rifle, and has ordered snipers to fire on suspects from helicopters. The conclusion to the hijacking, which resulted in no hostage casualties, represented a victory for the governor, who has come under growing pressure in recent weeks over the number of people slain by cops. In comments to journalists at the scene, Witzel celebrated the outcome but lamented the death of the hijacker. “We don’t want anyone to die, but ... the police will act rigorously and will not be lenient with those who endanger other people’s lives,” he said, while also defending his previous arguments in favor of police shooting anyone with a rifle. “Some people do not always understand that police work sometimes has to be this way. If they had not shot this criminal, many lives would not have been spared,” he said. (Reporting by Gabriel Stargardter and Rodrigo Viga Gaier Editing by Jonathan Oatis and Paul Simao) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page talk:Tales from the Arabic, Vol 3.djvu/16
Page numbering "corrected" for consistency with the other volumes. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 64.djvu/103
Rh observation is even more important. He discovered that there are large and small eggs laid by the silk-worm moth, and that the caterpillars emerging from the large eggs are, in the great majority of cases (88 to 95 per cent.), females, while those from the smaller eggs give a corresponding majority of males (88 to 92 per cent.). It is therefore clear that the difference in size corresponds to a difference in the sex of the embryos, and that with sufficient care it would be possible to separate the two sorts of eggs so completely that all of one kind would be females and of the other males. A similar result has been obtained by Joseph in another moth, Ocneria dispar. Cuénot states that he has been able to verify completely this statement of Joseph.
How can we explain the apparent contradiction between the results of Landois, Treat and Gentry, and those of Brocadello, Joseph and Cuénot? It is probable that in all cases the facts recorded are correct. Cuénot suggests that in the lots of caterpillars that were poorly nourished there was a large mortality of the young females, so that of those surviving there was a larger percentage of males. If we apply this same view to the case in which abundant feeding gives rise to more females we shall have to assume that here a larger percentage of males are eliminated, but it is not at all evident why this should be the case. Cuénot points out another possible source of error; namely, that in selecting the caterpillars for the experiment the larger ones may have been picked out to be given an abundant diet and the smaller ones for a meager diet. If this had been done consciously, or unconsciously, the results would not be due to the quality of the food, because the young caterpillars that were large were already females (having come from larger eggs), and those that were small were already males (having come from small eggs). It is clear, therefore, that all the early experiments must be repeated and the precaution taken to note the number of caterpillars at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and the sex of those that die must, if possible, be determined. Care must also be taken that no selection of large and of small individuals takes place. Since, however, it has been so clearly shown by Brocadello and by Cuénot that large eggs become females and small eggs males, it will be desirable in repeating the experiments to take this fact into account, and to attempt to discover if the potentialities of the large and of the small eggs can be changed by external conditions. Here we have a new field for experimental work that will yield results of great interest. The lines are now so definitely drawn, and it is clearly so important to settle this question on as many forms as possible, that it is much to be hoped that in the near future many workers will turn their attention to this important subject.
Cuénot's experiments on certain flies, belonging to four different genera, are of especial interest. In this group also it had been claimed | WIKI |
Page:The Dorrington Deed-Box.pdf/128
108 "Beck Street, Soho. He has a shop—a café—Café des Bons Camarades. And he give me not a crrrust—if I starve!"
It scarcely seemed likely that the keeper of a little foreign café in a back street of Soho would be possessed of a jewel a quarter of whose value would be prize enough to tempt Dorrington to take a new case up. But Dorrington bore with the man a little longer. "What is this jewel you talk of?" he asked. "And if you don't know enough about it to be quite sure whether it is a diamond or not, what do you know?"
"Listen! The stone I have never seen; but that it is a diamond makes probable. What else so much value? And it is much value that gives my cousin so great care and trouble—cochon! Listen! I relate to you. My father—he was charcoal-burner at Bonneuil, department of Seine. My uncle—the father of my cousin—also was charcoal-burner. The grandfather—charcoal-burner also; and his father and his grandfather before him—all burners of charcoal, at Bonneuil. Now perceive. The father of my grandfather was of the great Revolution—a young man, great among those who stormed the Bastille, the Tuileries, the Hôtel de Ville, brave, and a leader. | WIKI |
Template talk:Arizona Diamondbacks roster
Coutlangus
Coutlangus has options left, why do we assume he is on the 40-man roster?► Chris Nelson Holla! 01:48, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
He was on the 40-man during spring training for the Reds, then was optioned to the minors before being DFA'ed. Pretty sure he automatically stays 'optioned' when traded (he has to be on the 40-man, as he was traded while being DFA'ed) JustSomeRandomGuy32 (talk) 01:54, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
Spring
When will their invitees be announced?-DANO- (talk) 19:13, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
Chad Qualls
Chad Qualls is out for the season. No idea who's the new closer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AndrewSa888 (talk • contribs) 23:53, 31 August 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Africa by Élisée Reclus, Volume 1.djvu/507
The so-called "Joseph's Well," sunk near the mosque by order of Yusûf Salahed-din (Saladin the Great), descends to the level of the Nile at a depth of 286 feet. From the surface of the ground to about half of this depth a winding incline enables the oxen to reach a landing, whence the water is raised to the top by working a system of buckets.
South of the citadel in the direction of Old Cairo, and northward of the fort of the Jebel-Mokattam, other mosques of all sizes raise their graceful domes above
the tombs of kings and princes. These elegant structures present a striking contrast to the bare ground, here strewn with all manner of débris, and to the rugged walls of the surrounding quarries. The Kait-bey mosque, north of the cluster of hills, dates from the fifteenth century, but has been recently restored. It is, perhaps, the most perfect specimen of Arab architecture in Egypt, at least as regards the arabesque and geometrical designs of its fretted walls, and the exquisite symmetry of its minaret, disposed in corbelled galleries. Thus the country which | WIKI |
Close
Braking Problems? How to Tell if It's a Stuck Brake Caliper
March 8, 2018
Your brakes can act funny in a number of ways. They might squeal or grind, they can pulse or feel soft — they might even drag your car to one side. If you notice that last one, there’s a chance you have a stuck brake caliper. It’s not a common issue, but like all brake problems, you’ll want to get it inspected immediately.
How brake calipers work
There are two types of brakes: disc and drum. If you are driving something less than 25 or 30 years old, you most likely have disc brakes.
Disc brake systems use calipers, pistons, brake pads and rotors to ensure that you stop when you need to. When you press the brake pedal, pressurized brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the calipers, forcing them to clamp your brake pads down on the rotor. Picture yourself spinning a CD on one finger and using two fingers from your other hand to make it stop. Your rotor is the CD and your fingers are acting like the pads and calipers.
To make things more confusing, there are also two types of caliper systems: fixed and floating. Fixed calipers are exactly that. The calipers are mounted in one spot and use pistons to clamp your brake pads down. The pistons in a fixed caliper system compress on both sides of your rotor.
Floating calipers use a more complicated system in which the calipers, pistons and brake pads are all housed in one unit, with the pistons on the inner side of your wheel. They work by moving the brake pad and then pushing the caliper away from the rotor. This in turn causes the brake pad on the outer side of your wheel to engage with the rotor and stop your car.
Get it diagnosed by a professional
Signs you have a bad brake caliper
A bad caliper can wear down your brakes and make it hard to stop, so get it checked out right away. The most common signs of failure for brake calipers are as follows:
It feels like the brakes are always on: If the caliper is stuck in a way that doesn’t let the brake pads fully release, it will feel like your car isn’t going as fast as it should, or like the parking brake is on.
Your car pulls to one side: This can happen when braking or when just driving. Typically, pulling to the right or left is a sign that you need a wheel alignment, but it can also mean you have a stuck caliper piston.
Brake fluid leak: Wear and tear or a faulty piston can cause a brake fluid leak. This usually is caused by breakdown of protective rubber seals that let this mechanism to move, and can happen in both fixed and floating caliper systems. You might also smell burning rubber.
Reduced braking power: This can be another sign of a brake fluid leak. If your car is low on brake fluid, you may feel little or no response when you press the brake pedal. Another possibility is that your caliper sliders are stuck. If they get dirty or gummed up, it can hinder their ability to clamp down. This is fairly common in floating caliper systems and will be feel like your brakes are spongy — like it takes extra effort to make the vehicle stop.
Brakes make odd sounds: Despite the temptation to crank your radio up to drown out the sound of your brakes grinding, it’s much wiser to take care of the problem. When you have caliper issues, the brakes may be very loud when you try to stop. It can be a high-pitched screech, a thud or a metal-on-metal grinding noise. These sounds can mean that your caliper is stuck, that it has come loose or that it’s having some other problem.
» MORE: Get an accurate estimate for your car repair
Brake caliper repair advice
If you suspect that you have a braking problem, have your mechanic inspect your car. If you have a leaking caliper, it’ll likely need to be replaced — very few shops will try to repair a leaky brake caliper.
If you have a fluid leak, the part that’s causing the problem will likely need to be replaced. If your caliper slider is gummed up, you can remove the pins, clean them and reinstall them with fresh, high-temperature lubricant. A light duty metal brush can help clean the area so the mechanism is able to move without any problems.
It’s often best to have them replaced in pairs, as the other side may be close to failing, too. You may have to spring for new brake pads or other items, depending on how much damage the bad caliper has caused. We highly recommend having the brake hydraulic system flushed when replacing calipers.
About the Author
Bluma Stock is an automotive expert at RepairPal, the leading online source of auto repair resources and estimates. With many ASE Master certified mechanics on staff who have decades of experience, RepairPal knows all the fine points of car repair.
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Laurence Dale
Laurence Dale (born 1957) is an English tenor, artistic director and conductor.
Biography
Laurence Dale studied singing at London's Guildhall School of Music and Drama with Rudolf Piernay and the Mozarteum in Salzburg.
Early leading roles included that of Hilarion in the Gilbert and Sullivan opera Princess Ida with the London Symphony Orchestra and the Ambrosian Opera Chorus in 1982, and Ramiro in Rossini's opera La Cenerentola with the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in 1983.
In 1984 he appeared in the Channel 4 series Top C's and Tiaras.
Amongst many Mozartian rôles, as well as baroque and romantic, his portrayal of Tamino, with which he opened Mozart year in Salzburg in 1991 was described by the press as legendary. He performed this rôle regularly in Vienna's Staatsoper and Berlin's Deutsche Oper, then in Paris Opera Bastille and throughout the world. In 1992, he created the Rodrigue in Rodrigue et Chimène to open the new opera in Lyon, recorded for Erato Records under the direction of Kent Nagano.
Following the performance of Claudio Monteverdi's Orfeo as celebrations for Herbert Wernicke's Monteverdi year production at the 1993 Salzburg Festival, he recorded the title rôle under the direction of René Jacobs for Harmonia Mundi.
He has recorded under the direction of Georges Prêtre, Gounod's Messe de Saint Cécile alongside Barbara Hendricks and Jean-Philippe Lafont, Mozart's C minor mass with Franz Welser-Möst, and the title rôles of Auber's Gustave III and Etienne Mehul's Joseph en Egypte.
Having created the rôle of Don José in Peter Brook's La Tragédie de Carmen in 1981 at the Bouffes du Nord in Paris, and played the rôle through three seasons, including New York, that Peter Brook turned him to re-direct the production for the Opera de Bordeaux and further performances on tour.
Immediately afterwards he directed Lehar's Der Zarewitsch for the Operette Festival, Bad Ischl and literally the next day, Haydn's L'Incontro improvviso for the Haydn Festival Eisenstadt and EXPO 2000, Hannover. These productions received praise from the Viennese press, which led to him being re-invited at Bad Ischl, in a co-production with Salzburg to mount Lehar's Das Land des Lächelns (designed by Hartmut Schörghofer).
In 2001, he conceived and prepared the New York Off Broadway Salsa musical (¡MUSICA!), which following the disaster of 11 September had to be abandoned. He directed the French première at Nantes of Thomas Adès's Powder Her Face, (conducted by John Burdekin). In 2002, he mounted two operas for New York Gotham Chamber Opera, Les Malheurs d'Orphée by Milhaud and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (designed by Dipu Gupta and Fabio Toblini and conducted by Neal Goren). In 2003 a third Lehar's operetta was presented in Bad Ischl, The Count of Luxemburg, having originally opened in Innsbruck. He re-conceived the 1769 farcical opera L'Operia Seria (Gassmann) with the Dutch Reisopera, and made his own performing edition of Offenbach's Hoffmann's Tales. He mounted the double bill Poulenc's La Voix Humaine and Ravel's l'Heure Espagnole in 2011, as Rossini's La Pietra del Paragone for Opera Trionfo, or Die Fledermauss from Johann Strauss at the Norvegian National Opera in 2012.
As the Artistic Director of l'Opéra de Metz he staged Britten's Turn of the Screw, Thomas Adès Powder Her Face, and Lehar's Land of Smiles. For the opening of the season Les Jeux de Pouvoir, he mounted the twin productions of Auber's Gustave III (the modern stage première) and Verdi's Gustavo III the French première of the original version of Un Ballo in Maschera). He completed this unique season with Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots (starring Rockwell Blake as Raoul. In South Africa, as Artistic Consultant to Opera Africa in Gauteng, he directed Bellini's I Capuleti e i Montecchi, and Verdi's Aida. He created Opera Extravaganza expressly to showcase new South Africa singers whom he formed, trained and caches.
He redirected his 2006 Opéra de Monte Carlo production of Richard Strauss Ariadne auf Naxos for l'Opéra Royal de Wallonie, Liège.
The 16 March 2008 Laurence Dale stood in for the indisposed conductor, entered the pit at the Civic Johannesburg and conducted the Johannesburg Philharmonic in the performance of Aida. Since then, he has received invitations to conduct concerts and operas and, after 10 years as Artistic Director of the Evian Festival Les Escales Musicales, has been additionally named Musical Director of the Festival. In June 2011 he welcomed to Evian the chorus and orchestra of the Opera National de Lorraine which he conducted in Gounod's Ste Cécila Mass and Elgar's The Music Makers (the French première). In 2009 he conducted the Sinfonia Varsovia and the Ensemble Vocal de Lausanne in a concert comprising Fauré's Requiem and works of Wagner and Rossini. For the 2010 season, he conducted the Philharmonie of the Nations.
Stage Director
* 2023 Giuseppe Verdi: Simon Boccanegra - Opera Philadelphia.
* 2012 Johann Strauss: Die Fledermaus - Den Norske Opera.
* 2011 Maurice Ravel: L'Heure Espagnole - Enschede - Nationale Reisopera.
* 2011 Francis Poulenc: La Voix Humaine - Enschede - Nationale Reisopera.
* 2011 Gioacchino Rossini: La Pietra del Paragone - Opera Trionfo Heemstede.
* 2010 Vincenzo Bellini: Norma - Moldavian National Opera, Chisinau.
* 2009 Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos - Opéra Royal de Wallonie.
* 2008 Albert Lortzing: Zar und Zimmermann - Tiroler Landestheater.
* 2008 Giuseppe Verdi: Aïda - Opera Africa, Johannesburg.
* 2007 Jacques Offenbach: Les Contes d'Hoffmann - Nationale Reisopera.
* 2007 Opera Extravaganza - Opera Africa.
* 2006 Vincenzo Bellini: I Capuleti e i Montecchi - Opera Africa.
* 2006 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Don Giovanni - Vlaams Radio Orkest in Amsterdam Concertgebouw.
* 2006 Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos - Opéra Royal de Monte Carlo.
* 2005 Florian Leopold Gassmann: L'Operia Seria - Nationale Reisopera Enschede.
* 2004 Giacomo Meyerbeer: Les Huguenots - Opéra Théâtre de Metz.
* 2003 Daniel Auber: Gustave III ou Le Bal masqué - Opéra Théâtre de Metz.
* 2003 Franz Lehár: Der Graf von Luxemburg - Lehár Festival, Bad Ischl.
* 2002 Darius Milhaud: Les Malheurs d'Orphée - Gotham Chamber Opera.
* 2002 Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas - Gotham Chamber Opera.
* 2002 Franz Lehár: Land des Lächelns - Salzburger Landestheater.
* 2001 Thomas Adès: Powder her Face - Angers Nantes Opéra.
* 2000 Franz Joseph Haydn: L'Incontro Improvviso - Haydn Festival Eisenstadt.
* 2000 Franz Lehár: Der Zarewitsch - Lehár Festival, Bad Ischl.
Artistic Director
* 2001-2012 Festival International d'Evian: Escales Musicales - Grange au Lac
Discography
* Various French Opera Arias - Orchestre Lyrique et Symphonique de Nancy. Conductor : Kenneth Montgomery - Harmonia Mundi
* Daniel-François-Esprit Auber : Gustave III ou le Bal Masqué (with Brigitte Lafon, Roger Pujol, Rima Tawill, Gilles Dubernet, Christian Treguier, Valérie Marestin). Conductor : Michel Swierczewski - Arion
* Francesco Cavalli : La Didonne - Balthazar-Neumann Ensemble. Conductor : Thomas Hengelbrock - DHM Deutsche Harmonia Mundi
* Ernest Chausson : La Légende de Sainte Cécile - Ensemble Orchestral de Paris & Choeurs de Radio France. Conductor : Jean-Jacques Kantorow - EMI Classics
* François-Adrien Boïeldieu : Le Calife de Bagdad (with Lydia Mayo, Joelle Michelini, Claudine Cheriez, Huw Rhys-Evans) - Choeur et Orchestre Camerata de Provence. Conductor : Antonio De Almeida - Disque Dom
* Charles Gounod : Messe Solennelle de Sainte Cécile (with Barbara Hendricks et Jean-Philippe Lafont) - Nouvel Orchestre Philharmonique et Choeurs de Radio France. Conductor Georges Prêtre - EMI Classics
* Claude Debussy : Rodrigue et Chimène (with Donna Brown, José Van Dam, Jules Bastin) - Choeur et Orchestre de l'Opéra de Lyon. Conductor : Kent Nagano. Erato - Musifrance - Radio France.
* Arthur Honegger : Le Roi David (with Daniel Mesguich, Alessandra Marc, Sylvie Sullé) - Choeur du Festival de Saint Denis, Orchestre National de Lille. Conductor : Jean-Claude Casadessus. EMI Classics.
* Albert Ketèlbey : Sur un Marché Persan (with Michael Reeves) - Ambrosian Singers and the London Promenade Orchestra. Conductor Alexander Faris. Philips.
* Etienne Méhul : Le Chant du Départ (with Frédéric Vassar, René Massis, Brigitte Lafon, Philippe Jorquera, Antoine Normand, Philippe Pistole, Natalie Dessay) - Conductor : Claude Bardon
* Claudio Monteverdi : Orfeo (with Efrat Ben-Nun, Jennifer Larmore, Paul Gerimon, Bernarda Fink, Harry Peeters, Andreas Scholl, Nicolas Rivenq) - Concerto Vocale. Conductor : René Jacobs. WDR Harmonia Mundi.
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Requiem (with Edith Wiens, Dame Felicity Lott, Della Jones, Keyth Lewis, Willard White, Robert Lloyd). London Philharmonic Choir and London Philharmonic Orchestra. Conductor Franz Welser-Möst. Label : CFP.
* Henry Purcell : The Fairy Queen (with Barbara Bonney, von Magnus, McNair, Chance, Michaels-Moore) - Arnold Schoenberg Chor & Concentus Musicus Wien. Conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt. TELDEC
* Gioachino Rossini : Maometto Secondo (with June Anderson, Margarita Zimmermann, Ernesto Palacio, Samuel Ramey) - Ambrosian Opera Chorus, The Philharmonia Orchestra. Conductor : Claudio Scimone. Philips
* Albert Roussel : Padmâvatî (with Marilyn Horne, Nicolai Gedda, José van Dam, Jane Berbié, Charles Burles) - Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse. Conductor : Michel Plasson. EMI Classics.
DVD
* Francis Poulenc : Dialogues des Carmélites (with Anne-Sophie Schmidt, Millot, Nadine Denize, Patricia Petitbon, Brigitte Fassbaender). Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. Conductor : Jan Latham-Koenig. DVD Opéra du Rhin.
* Etienne Méhul : La Légende de Joseph en Egypte (with Brigitte Lafon, René Massis, Natalie Dessay, Frédéric Vassar, Philippe Jorquera, Jezable Carpi, Abbi Patrix) - Ensemble vocal Intermezzo, Orchestre Régional de Picardie. Conductor : Claude Bardon. Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne 1989. Adaptation and stage directoring : Pierre Jourdan.
* Gioachino Rossini : La Cenerentola (with Kathleen Kuhlmann, Laura Zannini, Marta Taddei, Claudio Desderi, Alberto Rinaldi, Roderick Kennedy) - Stage director : John Cox. Glyndebourne Festival Opera. Conductor : Donato Renzetti.
* Giuseppe Verdi : Falstaff (with José van Dam, William Stone, Barbara Madra, Livia Budai) - Stage director : Lluis Pasqual. Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie de Bruxelles. Conductor : Sylvain Cambreling.
* La Tragédie de Carmen : Film of Peter Brook following Georges Bizet, Prosper Mérimée, Meihlac and Halévy. Adaptation from Marius Constant, Jean-Claude Carrière, Peter Brook. Conductor : Marius Constant. EMI
* Le Secret d'Offenbach : Patachon in Les Deux Aveugles (with Graham Clark). Film director : István Szabó. TV 1996
* William S. Gilbert & Sullivan : Princess Ida (with Frank Gorshin, Neil Howlett, Bernard Dickerson, Richard Jackson). Stage director : Dave Heather. TV Movie 1982. | WIKI |
User:Mynameispiddelypoddely27
The Xan-Poo Celestial Body (September 27th, 2020)
RX is in the constellation of Orion, a large, prominent, constellation located adjacent to the celestial equator. RX can be found in the hand of Orion, and in the lower diagonal of star 27. This star has a yellow to red tint that lights up through the night sky, and is most prominently seen in Vermont in the months April and September.
{| class="wikitable" ! Right Ascension !! Declination !! magnitude
* + RX Orion
* 5 59' 10.82" || 20.6088 || 16.52mag
* 5 59' 10.82" || 20.6088 || 16.52mag | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine/Archive 33
Health campaign citations
Hello - I am a paid editor/project coordinator with the Choosing Wisely health campaign. I would like advice about proper citation formats because I am doing something which I have not seen done before and which could be scaled to a large number (300+ for this campaign?) of Wikipedia articles. I am bundling references and introducing them with a layman reference. I am requesting feedback on the appropriateness of the bundling, the introduction with the layman reference, the WP:MEDRS appropriateness of the layman reference, and any other aspect of what I am proposing.
In coronary disease I posted some sample information from this campaign and I copied that information here below. Could I have feedback on this?
For symptomatic patients, stress echocardiography can be used to make a diagnosis for obstructive coronary artery disease., citing
* The use of echocardiography is not recommended on individuals who have no symptoms and are otherwise at low risk for developing coronary disease.
* The use of echocardiography is not recommended on individuals who have no symptoms and are otherwise at low risk for developing coronary disease.
* The use of echocardiography is not recommended on individuals who have no symptoms and are otherwise at low risk for developing coronary disease.
I inserted a medical society's message and then provided four bundled references. Three of the references are from review articles and are undoubtedly what Wikiproject Medicine normally uses. However, I introduced all of these references with a layman interpretation published by the American Society of Echocardiography and reviewed by the ABIM Foundation (which is associated with the American Board of Internal Medicine). This "layman interpretation" is a two-page document; the first page gives plain-language explanations of health concepts, and the second page only gives referrals to what Wikipedia calls "MEDRS" sources.
I feel that the layman interpretation meets MEDRS because of this statement from the MEDRS intro: "Ideal sources for such content includes general or systematic reviews published in reputable medical journals, academic and professional books written by experts in the relevant field and from a respected publisher, and medical guidelines or position statements from nationally or internationally recognised expert bodies." The layman statements are either secondary or tertiary sources written by the publishers of United States medical journals who are national experts, and indeed, who certify their field's specialists. In addition to meeting the criteria of being from experts, the layman explanations are position statements from those same nationally recognized expert bodies. The layman explanations are not published in any book or academic journal, and beyond that, a user suggested that I post to this board and get feedback on whether they are appropriate. This is somewhat self-promotional; here is a list of medical societies which want content from their fields to be on Wikipedia.
I support citing the layman statements only bundled with the scholarly articles, and I like that the medical societies who are wanting to develop Wikipedia are recognizing that to do so they must provide citations to scholarly review articles. I hope that all health education campaigns start providing citations like this, because I think that combining layman explanations with academic journals empowers the reader to start with an explanation they can understand and then seek more information in the journals if they can manage it. I feel that it is very difficult for a layperson to verify the accuracy of a Wikipedia medical reference which only leads to a journal because the journal article is never written for a lay audience, whereas in this scheme, anyone can verify the Wikipedia statement based on the lay text and plainly see that the lay text comes from an academic journal.
To what extent are the layman explanations welcome? How do Wikiproject Medicine members feel about my bundling multiple citations to support a statement? How would anyone here feel about broadly encouraging health organizations to publish statements of this sort - layman statements combined with non-layman references - for dissemination through Wikipedia and other channels? Thanks for your attention. Blue Rasberry (talk) 16:20, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
* cite journal has layman parameters. One can cite an ideal MEDRS then cite the freely accessible lay summary. I recommend not bundling. Though rarely useful, I haven't ever felt it was necessary to do it in an article I've edited here. I prefer placing citations directly behind the text it supports to maintain WP:Text–source integrity. Biosthmors (talk) 16:44, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
* My rationale for bundling is that the health campaign does bundling. WP:Text–source integrity problems should not occur in this case because the format of the campaign is to give a sentence in plain English and then provide 1-4 citations for that statement. The medical society purports that the sources given were the basis for them making the lay statement. Take a look at an example source - the layman information is connected to medical journals.
* The laysummary parameter is interesting, but not quite appropriate in this case because the layman statement here is not a summary, but rather a single bit of information which the health campaign is emphasizing. Also, the laysummary parameter would not address the citation of multiple sources, and the medical societies are suggesting that multiple academic sources back most of their statements. Thoughts? Blue Rasberry (talk) 21:39, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
* I like that the these documents were published, because I want people receiving the best treatment. But I think the single bit of information the health campaign wants to include in Wikipedia should be found in a standard ideal MEDRS. Then one can cite the accessible document with the layman parameter. Three and four citations are Citation overkill, in my opinion. Over at deep vein thrombosis I don't use three citations behind anything. That the health campaign does bundling isn't a valid rationale that fits with normal Wikipedia practices, in my opinion. Shouldn't we have a "trust but verify" approach when it comes to these documents? I think we need to dig into the ideal MEDRS' ourselves. I know the document says "the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) identified these interventions" but there isn't even a publication date on them. I wonder when the next clinical practice guideline is coming out and if any CPGs have been published after these sorts of documents. Biosthmors (talk) 22:29, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Agree with Bios none of these conclusions are very controversial and all are supported by high quality references. I think one ref to the review article and one to he layman summary would be sufficient and useful. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 23:15, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
This contain is being published in some major journals. We could just use this. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:54, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Birth Control: Africa
Greetings everyone! I am planning on editing the Birth Control page, subsection Africa. As of now the section only includes 3 sentences all of which are outdated. It is clear this section is underdeveloped and I am taking this opportunity to expand upon it. I understand that Africa is a big continent thus I will make sure to use facts that are relevant to the continent as a whole and if not I will make sure to note that. I also hope to include a new graphic image that may be more accurate. Some of the many sources I will be drawing from are "Family Planning in Sub Saharan Africa: Progress or Stagnation?" published by the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in 2011, "Low use of contraception among poor women in Africa, an equity issue”, and ‘‘HIV Transmission During Pediatric Health Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Risks and Evidence.’’published in the South African Medical Journal in 2004. Do you have any advice?
Asiamcclearygaddy (talk) 05:02, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes we much prefer secondary sources as references per WP:MEDRS. Some guidance on formatting can be found here WP:MEDHOW. Welcome Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 10:44, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hello and thanks for visiting this board. If you need help with anything or want review after you are done then message here. Blue Rasberry (talk) 14:21, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
May need more eyes on the Areola article
At the Areola article, I reverted the editor named Dr.breast because his edits were unsourced and provided WP:UNDUE WEIGHT to certain aspects. I left him a Welcome template mentioning that, as well the WP:Conflict of interest guideline. It's not yet clear if he will continue to try to contribute to the Areola article. But if he does, more eyes on that article from this project other than mine may be needed to continue to guide him in the right direction. Flyer22 (talk) 05:23, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Was thinking this might be also copyvio but a quick google did not show up anything. The text was obviously off-topic for the areola article, the subject is covered in some other breast related article. Richiez (talk) 14:30, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Some of this certainly belongs in other articles (or even in other websites, for the very detailed material), but he did refer to some studies for part of it, even though he didn't format them with the complex wikimarkup like you're used to seeing. Of the content there, only the "areolas get darker if you sunbathe" bit and the variation in size of the areolas seemed especially relevant. WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:21, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* You are right, the wet nurse story has distracted me from the the color changes. Some mention of it was already in Gray's anatomy, not sure if there has been much followup in modern research. Will look at it again and maybe add some of it as WP:COMMONSENSE or feel free to do that. Richiez (talk) 22:21, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for your comments on this. If I weren't so lazy these days, I'd probably add back some of his material today...with proper sourcing of course. But there is the WP:PRIMARY aspect to also take into account, specifically regarding WP:MEDRS's take on it. Flyer22 (talk) 18:35, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Also, since he didn't name the authors of the studies, it's less easy to find what studies he was referring to. But he did name the places the studies were conducted at and in what years. Flyer22 (talk) 18:49, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Gynecomastia
I could use some extra eyes on the Gynecomastia article please. User Richiez is disputing (and editing, I am attempting to avoid an edit war here) that neonatal gynecomastia is from the transplacental transfer of maternal hormones. This is well-sourced information from medical journal review articles (recent ones) and Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. I am happy to provide additional references if needed but help on this matter would be greatly appreciated. Thank you. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 22:15, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Talk it out. This is one where it looks like you both have valid points and just need to hammer out technical details. With no sources in front of me (that can change in a few hours), the role of transplacental hormone exchange vs placental-derived estriol is the issue. Discuss your sources on the talk page, and if you can't reach an agreement on wording, I'll chime in when I can. (A link to witch's milk might be in order.)Novangelis (talk) 22:33, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* I have yet to see a valid point on how neonatal gynecomastia is not caused by maternal transfer of hormones. Not a single source provided to support this claim let alone a reliable one. I have provided some and this user does not listen. I cannot assume good faith any longer after I took time to clearly explain this earlier and the user persists. I'm not sure where you got the idea of where the discussion is about transplacental hormone exchange vs. placental-derived estriol. If that's the issue, then user Richiez needs to make that much clearer. I have discussed sources on the talk page and have plenty more to use if needed. What do you mean a link to witch's milk might be in order? Do you mean a wikilink to it? Or do you mean something on the talk page? I'm not clear. Anyway, still requesting more eyes on the gynecomastia article. The user does not listen to me, ignores the evidence I have provided, and I am really trying to prevent an edit war. It would mean more if more voices discussed this on the talk page then just us. Here is one source (also on the talk page) just as a for instance: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2276281 TylerDurden8823 (talk) 22:38, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* One point? Come on I have listed many references which you apparently did not bother to read. I have no clue what the europmc link is an dont discuss it further. The Harrisson textbook that you are claiming to be your reference is apparently misrepresented, so what is your point. Richiez (talk) 22:52, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* EuropePMC.org is the Europe PubMed Central. It is basically the same as the US's PubMed.
* You might also want to look into Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. It is possibly the most popular med school textbook for the relevant field. WhatamIdoing (talk) 01:13, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
I think we need a bit of common sense here. It is a completely benign phenomenon and apparently there has not been a single review article since 35 years looking at it. In this situation I believe it is best to avoid any incomplete/misleading/false statements and simply make no statement at all. TylerDurden8823 is citing one textbook as a source. The textbook does not list its sources and there is a whole lot of evidence I have listed in contrary of what the textbook says. Richiez (talk) 22:59, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* I see in your earlier paragraph on the article talk page (which I felt was fairly incomprehensible and disorganized, so you'll have to forgive me if I was confused by what you wrote. I could not tell if you were discussing witch's milk or gynecomastia this morning when I first glanced at that) you said you would rather remove the explanation than keep it if we cannot agree on this, but you said that the current explanation is wrong and it is not, at least according to current reliable sources. As I have said, there is room to say that it is incomplete but this is not the same thing. I have asked repeatedly for evidence of current review articles refuting the idea of neonatal gynecomastia stemming from transplacental hormone transfer and do not see any provided on the talk page under your comments. The paper about soy feeding (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223379?dopt=Abstract) in females does not seem relevant given that gynecomastia is defined in the literature as benign enlargement of the male breast glandular tissue (not females) as defined in the source you yourself provided (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2770912/) citing that 60-90% of neonates have some gynecomastia. If your argument is that this paper did not specify male neonates, I see your point there, but it is still defined as benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue. No correlation was found in boys in this study you cited (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12409513?dopt=Abstract) which is also not a recent review but a primary study from 2002. This (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3348660?dopt=Abstract) is an old paper from 1988, however, at least this one explicitly asserts that its hypothesis is that infant gonad secretions are responsible for the breast tissue remaining and not the maternal hormones. Regardless, it is an old source and is insufficient to refute newer reviews, which in all likelihood took these studies into account. The 1984 paper (here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1628801/pdf/archdisch00728-0092.pdf) is interesting but it is an old and small study (again, I have a feeling newer reviews have taken these studies into account and still arrived at different conclusions). I cited a paper just above earlier (a review article) that is newer and says that neonatal gynecomastia is from maternal estrogens. I am happy to provide more on the gynecomastia talk page. Did you even try to open the europmc link? It's a review article paper. How is the Harrison's textbook misrepresented? I am reading it right now and I'll even quote it from page 2318 of the 17th edition volume II:" Gynecomastia occurs as a normal physiologic phenomenon in the newborn (due to transplacental transfer of maternal and placental estrogens), during puberty (high estrogen to androgen ratio in early stages of puberty), and with aging (increased fat tissue and increased aromatase activity) but it can also result from pathologic conditions associated with an androgen deficiency or estrogen excess." Be specific about how that statement is being misrepresented by what I've said. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 23:20, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Also here is the pubmed central version (non-European) of the article I cited above as requested I am happy to provide more review sources if needed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18369226/TylerDurden8823 (talk) 23:25, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* I have also listed some recent review articles on the talk page that all support what I have said. Please feel free to have a look at your leisure.TylerDurden8823 (talk) 23:57, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
The textbooks I looked at support Tylers position. Unless Richiez has other secondary sources that are recent that refute it there is really nothing more to say. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:35, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
Elsevier Journals
Here is an interesting passage "Until recently, “international, scientific, peer-reviewed journal” has had a fairly specific meaning to the scientific community and society at large: it has meant a journal that checks submitted papers for scientific quality, but also for relevance and interest to its readers, and also ensures that it contains new findings that may advance science. These features render a journal trustworthy and worthy of readers' time and money. Many observers were therefore understandably disturbed when the journal publisher Elsevier admitted in 2009 that it had published six “fake journals” funded by pharmaceutical companies — in Elsevier's own words, “sponsored article compilation publications . . . that were made to look like journals and lacked the proper disclosures.” The company had intentionally exploited the word “journal” to give the impression that these publications were honest and reliable."
We in fact have a section on the issue Elsevier Do we reference any of these journals? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 20:44, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
* Not under the full name. Is there a standard abbreviation system for medical journal names that we are using? It would be good to play it safe and check properly, but there seems to be no good process for this. Hans Adler 21:08, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
* There is. For convenience, you can simply look them up in the NLM, even if they are not Pubmed indexed. On James' question, reliability is still dependent on the assertion being backed. The only place I could see treating known-fraudulent works as reliable would be in the sense of "what did the work claim", not "what did the research find".LeadSongDog come howl! 21:16, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
* I just added the ISO abbreviations at Elsevier. None of the abbreviated titles are cited in articlespace on .en, but that doesn't guarantee all other language wikis are safe.LeadSongDog come howl! 21:34, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
* These aren't exactly "known-fraudulent works". It's more like a self-published magazine. You should treat it like you would treat, oh, a magazine published by a university for the purpose of mailing to alumni: it probably doesn't contain any serious, outright falsehoods, but it certainly is more interested in extracting money from your pocket than in telling the whole, unvarnished truth. WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:27, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
* So it's like the Daily Mail? Axl ¤ [Talk] 10:22, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, only with less likelihood of self-contradiction from one issue to the next. WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:33, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
* Perhaps I misunderstood? Were they giving away these magazines, or were they charging subscribers money for a "Journal", by which representation the buyers had a reasonable expectation of academic integrity? Fraud is a fairly simple concept. LeadSongDog come howl! 05:37, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* I think there are two different frauds being discussed: scientific fraud and financial fraud. It's clear that Elsevier swindled customers, but it is not clear that the content of the articles in the "journal" constitute scientific fraud. --Mark viking (talk) 06:06, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* There are two kinds of fraud, and it appears that both have occurred. Biased selections of articles were copied into 'journals', which were then given to physicians for free. That's scientific fraud. In at least one case, a ridiculous meta review citing precisely two references was published. That's also scientific fraud, though of a very obvious nature. Someone in a forum claimed that at least one of these 'journals' was sold independently, which would have been financial fraud. Were they included 'free' in the digital packages offered to libraries for horrendous amounts of money? If so, that would have been financial fraud because to deciders unfamiliar with the nature of those publications they might have been an additional incentive to buy such a package. Hans Adler 06:37, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Merely calling something a "journal" does not create a claim that something is a peer-reviewed academic publication. After all, The Wall Street Journal is neither peer-reviewed nor academic.
* Lousy papers are not fraud. Fraud is when you tell lies about something. Incompetence, laziness, and stupidity are not fraud. So if you cite two sources, and those were the only ones you actually used, then that's truthful and not fraudulent. If, on the other hand, you only use two sources, but you list a hundred because you think that looks more impressive, then that lie might constitute fraud. WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:05, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* WaId, as James' original post said, Elsevier didn't just call them "Journal", they made them look like peer-reviewed journals. Elsevier is best known as a publisher of peer-reviewed academic journals, and they did this for profit. For a publisher with their long history, this is a very black mark on their blotter, even if it isn't the lowest point to which they've sunk.LeadSongDog come howl! 19:23, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
Mad hatter syndrome?
Hi - putting on my occupational hat, as it were, it occurs to me that Wikipedia needs a link for Mad hatter syndrome, which seems to be a somewhat more recognized term than the so-called "mad hatter disease". Although I felt the need to insert mad hatter syndrome (bolded) in the lead to Mad hatter disease, I feel a more correct target for a link might be Erethism. Not sure about this... any thoughts? Regards, <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:16, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for pointing that red link out. I'll redirect it there (per Help:Cheatsheet) by including at mad hatter syndrome. Biosthmors (talk) 21:31, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thank you, Biosthmors. My understanding is that "mad hatter syndrome" is a term which is sometimes employed in medical circles to refer to the neurological symptoms associated with chronic mercury poisoning, rather than with the historical occupational disease, per se. On the other hand, the only usages of "mad hatter disease" I've come across in scholarly medical articles have been in quotation marks, suggesting to me that it's more of a popular usage (cf mad cow disease) than a recognized medical term. I tried to hint at the distinction here (albeit leaning clumsily on a nasty "so-called"). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:58, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* My misreading, sorry (another red link there...)! —<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:50, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* I'll leave that one red. ;-) Biosthmors (talk) 15:50, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
Cataract - indications for treatment
I have tried to find good evidence at which point (visual acuity/functional tests) surgery is considered worthwhile considering the risk/benefits ratio and failed. Does anyone have a good pointer by any chance? There is a whole lot of studies from countries like Spain, NZ,UK,Canada who have waiting lists for the surgery but for obvious reasons I am hesitant to use those as reliable sources. Richiez (talk) 23:13, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* research from these countries is not acceptable why? WP:MEDRS mandates use of English language sources, but makes no requirement that sources only be from a particular region of the planet. I am sure I don't need to point out that eng is the main language for the last 3 countries. The UK I think was involved somewhat in the development of english =D Lesion ( talk ) 23:31, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* Arguably, socialized medicine might lead to an environment which produces research with less bias than other healthcare systems... Lesion ( talk ) 23:33, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* i think this highlights the contextual nature of a risk/benefit ratio. that judgement will likely be made at least slightly differently when the treatment is done on the public dime than when it is out of pocket. I would include the other sources and notate where the analyses were done, maybe? -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/talk ] #_ 23:46, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* There is no reason to not include any sources that meet WP:MEDRS based on your own personal view of any supposed inferiorities caused by the country the research is from. Lesion ( talk ) 23:59, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
* +1. to not include them would be WP:CHERRY. But I think we might also want to ask if risk/benefit ratios and analyses are things that belong in an encyclopedia. I could imagine an argument against including such material because it doesnt seem like it's geared to a general audience. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/talk ] #_ 00:09, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
* Risk-benefit analysis is a key concept in evidence-based medicine and clearly cannot be ignored, even in a general encyclopedia like Wikipedia. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:54, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
* I should have been clearer. There is one well conducted study from Spain but it is about 10 years old and pretty sure the risk/benefit ration might have changed very substantially since than. There is some new material but nothing of the newer sources was comprehensive enough give a good guidance. Ideally there would be some recent source saying "in uncomplicated cases surgery is advisable when visual acuity <=50% and VF-14 <=80%" or whatever is considered state of the art. Richiez (talk) 00:26, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
* There are a few cochrane reviews on surgery for cataract which have not yet been used in the article and probably would help... Lesion ( talk ) 01:17, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
* The risk of non-intervention is not very well quantifiable. Driver errors, misread medication or nutritional labels, degraded home sanitation can all follow from decreased vision, but can't be well measured as risks. Similarly the risks of intervention vary with the surgical method, environment of the surgery, and the time available for recovery which are not consistent globally, nor from person to person. Who pays may well be the least of the issues. Consider this for instance, where triage is as more of a factor than payment. LeadSongDog come howl! 18:35, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
"multidisciplinary" coverage of leukoplakia
I've started reworking the above article, from the oral medicine perspective, however I have a few sources that mention that it also occurs in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, genitals and respiratory system too... I'm having trouble finding reliable epidemiological data for extra-oral leukoplakia, and this might lead to undue weight with an article focusing entirely on oral leukoplakia and neglecting other sites... I was wondering if anyone has any thoughts or references on "extra-oral leukoplakia" and whether more content of other sites is required? Lesion ( talk ) 18:11, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
Surgical mesh
Hi
I just created the page, it would be great if someone could look it over for me before I carry on. Chaosdruid (talk) 23:08, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Looking good so far... widely scoped articles difficult to write... suggest use of relaible secondary sources over primary sources. This cochrane review discusses mesh in pelvic organ prolapse . Pubmed a good place to find sources, activate filters "review" and possibly also "free full text" to narrow results down . Lesion ( talk ) 23:54, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Textbooks are often better sources for much of the content in very broad articles, because an introductory surgical text ought to talk about surgical mesh in general, rather than solely surgical mesh for uterine prolapse, or surgical mesh specifically for one kind of hernia in men, etc. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:21, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for the advice :¬) I started to read some of the med proj stuff on sources and the Med MoS, back at the weekend and will try and expand a little more. The biggest problem was as per WAID, most sources are very limited in scope as most cover the two main applications. Chaosdruid (talk) 08:42, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
* For basic practical descriptions, I sometimes find that a nursing text is more useful than a "doctoring" text, so you might look specifically for a book intended for nurses who specialize in surgery. WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:50, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
Extra eyes needed
Natural Bypass feels very suspicious to me, but this isn't my field and I wouldn't be able to properly assess the sources given.
Can anyone either confirm or deny that this is crap? Thanks. DS (talk) 01:16, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
* maybe not "crap" exactly, but a misunderstanding, perhaps. i have nominated it for deletion. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/talk ] #_ 01:28, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
* Is not 100% false. Is true in lower limbs arteries. But this subject must be a section in arterial disease. The mechanism to open "new" vessels is known since long long time ago: intermittent claudication appears by anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid formation. This acid induces an important vasodilation. This helps to develop a collateral supply network. It is the use of something the human body already has to bypass a stenotic or occluded artery. In lower limbs we have lots of little muscular arteries. The coronary circulation is a terminal one so I don't know if it works... may be a little, may be not, may be it will be dangerous for some patients. Doc Elisa ✉ 09:29, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* I think it is "strange" to call "natural bypasses" to the collateral network known some centuries ago... but is "à la mode" nowadays to change a name and publish an article as if it was new as an attempt to gain notoriety, strengtheng the editor's image faster ... is what I think. But is published in "Circulation" and in Harvard health Publications. Some ten years ago, at Portugal, the Portuguese Heart Association did an announcement in all towns and villages saying: "Go round" to protect your heart. what a pity, they have forgotten to publish it in Circulation!... Doc Elisa ✉ 12:11, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Mandible fracture
Just finished the first draft of a major rework of the above article. I've asked people at wp:dent to take a look, but this is a much smaller group. If anyone has some time, I'd appeciate another set of eyes to edit it. thx. Ian Furst (talk) 15:17, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
* Some of the advice at WP:MEDMOS could help. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:03, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
Tripod fracture
I think this page should be retitled to the less ambiguous term zygomatic complex fracture. Tripod is a slang medical term. Also, I've added in one link for it. Is there a means to deterine how many others articles link to it (and should I remove the orphan header from 2009)? Ian Furst (talk) 01:00, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Your suggestion is reasonable, but could be contested on the basis of WP:COMMONNAME for example. I suggest using the WP:RM process; moving to your suggested title with a redirect from the old title is a reasonably likely outcome, though the reverse might happen as well. With regard to your question, you'll see "What links here" under "Toolbox" in the menu in the left margin of WP pages; in this specific case, this is what you'll find - basically, it's an orphan. Cheers, -- Scray (talk) 01:27, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* no longer completely orphaned :) —<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:44, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* In regards to the orphan-status. I noticed on my watchpage a lot of the additions under the ==See also== -sections. My I suggest an inclusion in the text part of the articles where relevant (I have limited knowledge of tripod fractures). You could do like under hip bone and ulna where there is a fracture section with only a few sentences. JakobSteenberg (talk) 10:22, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* ...sorry, just a little see also first aid ;) —<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:53, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Facial trauma is the most obvious one which should link to, preferably from a better description of fracture patterns than the current one which is almost completely about lefort fractures. --WS (talk) 15:35, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Agree, I don't think "tripod fracture" is in common use in medical publications. If we are talking WP:COMMONNAME (btw I think WP:MEDMOS is more relevant to this article), then "broken cheekbone" would be more widely understood, but I think "zygomatic complex fracture" is best as per MEDMOS above. Lesion ( talk ) 02:10, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Cardiac physiology
Hi all. I would like to know who is a Cardiologist, to create a collaborative program to repair lots of cardiac physiology articles with errors. Some of these errors are so subtle that they are hard to detect but they change the whole sense of a paragraph. We need a deep knowledge in physiology to detect and repair them. Most of them have been edited by the same person. For ethic reasons I can't say his name here. I don't think he has a bad faith but I believe he is an old person with some research ideas and a "little" confusion knowledge. Thank you. Doc Elisa ✉ 09:03, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Certainly Cardiac disrhythmia is in serious need of some citation love. It's Top-importance, C-class, but has been tagged since 2007 as needing sourcing. LeadSongDog come howl! 16:26, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* I recently obtained a copy of Guyton and Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology 12ed (2010). I'm no expert, but maybe I could use some chapters to help. Biosthmors (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks a lot Biosthmors that book is very good. I have also some Google books about cardiac electrophysiology. Lots of articles need urgent help. I'm working on Cardiac action potential Doc Elisa ✉ 20:40, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Request for outside input: Hydroxycut
I'd like to ask for some outside eyes on. This is a dietary supplement which has been linked to severe adverse events, including liver failure and at least one death. It was pulled from the market in 2009, and subsequently reintroduced with a new formulation. All of this is clearly and heavily documented in reliable sources, including both the medical literature and the reputable mainstream press.
Information about the safety concerns and withdrawal from market have repeatedly been removed from the lead as "biased" or "propganda". I disagree; if anything, we downplay the serious safety concerns in comparison to their coverage in independent,r reliable sources. I'd welcome any outside input at the article or talk page, even if it's only to tell me I'm wrong. MastCell Talk 19:17, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Along those lines, a recent review that cites some relevant literature is . Does anyone have access to it? Maybe they could email it to me. Biosthmors (talk) 19:28, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* You've got mail. MastCell Talk 19:33, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Need some copyvio/copyediting help
and are both listed at WP:Copyright problems, a page that has gotten so big that it was reported at WP:AN for "breaking". We need these articles, and DGG says that the sources are pretty good—if only someone had written in their own words, rather than copying straight from the sources. These are important articles for us to have, so the lazy solution of just blanking isn't a good option. If anyone's got an hour, or even ten minutes, to do some re-writing, it would be very much appreciated (by me, by Wizardman, by Moonriddengirl, just to name three). WhatamIdoing (talk) 02:09, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
Talk:Fetus
Comments are needed for the above linked discussion. Flyer22 (talk) 02:11, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
I would like to point out an unbalanced article if anyone with greater editing privileges would care to tackle it?
the article at Abortion_and_mental_health is providing an unbalanced viewpoint by failing to account for the British Journal of psychology's alternative study, referenced and peer-reviewed at Brigadon (talk) 09:49, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* The responses to that paper make it quite clear that we would be at the very least premature in treating it as a reliable source.LeadSongDog come howl! 13:37, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* The Littell & Coyne response is particularly telling. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 13:47, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
John Kanzius "possible cure for cancer"
Noticed this article asserting that an RF technique is hailed as having "the potential to treat virtually all forms of cancer,[1] with no side effects, and without the need for surgery or medication."
Needs work. Cross-listed at WP:FRINGE/N. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/talk ] #_ 16:40, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* There is also an article on this therapy system: Kanzius RF Therapy. It seems to have garnered a fair bit of media commentary at least. Paul B (talk) 17:17, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
Galactooligosaccharide - eyes needed
An unanswered question on RD/S prompted me to glance at this article. I've applied the WPMED template (please comment if you disagree), given health-related claims in this article, including the lede. I've not had a chance to assess the evidence provided, so I'll keep this neutral for now and let you form your own opinions - please use that Talk page for discussion, to avoid forking it. -- Scray (talk) 05:00, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
List of youngest birth mothers
There have been problems with this article for years, as shown on the article's talk page, and I want to know what this project thinks of it since it is currently tagged as within the project's scope (obviously because of the topic of pregnancy, though precocious puberty is also something to consider in some of the cases). Flyer22 (talk) 18:44, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* Given that age 11 is a very typical age for menarche, it's not at all surprising that some 11 year olds get pregnant. I think I would limit the list to those under the age of 10, which means removing nearly 200 entries for 11 year olds and about 75 for 10 year olds.
* Partly I see this as an issue of neutrality, because we will almost never have reliable sources for pregnancies in 10- and 11-year-old girls unless rape is being prosecuted. Also, the sheer scale of the problem makes it unsuitable for a case-by-case list. According to this news report, there are a couple of these pregnancies every year just in England and Wales. Imagine how those numbers would scale to the USA or India. WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:32, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* As you can see here and here, age 12 used to be on the list and was removed. And now there is discussion about removing age 11. As that first discussion about removing age 12 shows, I used to be against removing age 10 and 11, but now I support removing age 11. Still not sure about removing age 10. Thing is, even though it's common for girls to be able to conceive at age 10 or 11, it's still not as common, or close to as common, for 10 and 11-year-olds (or 12-year-olds) to be as sexually active as older adolescents. At least in the Western world. The average age that a person loses his or her virginity in the United States and in the United Kingdom, for example, is age 17. Most cases of girls becoming pregnant in these two countries at such young ages (such as 10, 11 and 12) is due to an older adolescent or adult having engaged them in sexual activity (which you partly addressed with the rape aspect).
* Anyway, Bobrayner has trimmed the list, but left age 10 on it. I followed it up with this tweak and this one. Flyer22 (talk) 23:35, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* Also, the average age of menarche is age 12 or 13...so that is another reason that it doesn't seem as necessary to remove age 10 and is also why pregnancy at age 12 is more common than the younger ages. Flyer22 (talk) 23:52, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
Steps to prevent addiction
I stumbled on this article today. I'm not sure it's at all suitable and may duplicate existing Wikipedia articles. Could members of this project take a look at it? Voceditenore (talk) 17:37, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* The title alone violates WP:NOTHOWTO. The article itself is unreferenced and appears to consist mostly of a synthesis of original research, and what useful content there is basically mirrors that of better developed articles such as Addiction and Twelve-step program. I'd say WP:PROD it or take it to AfD. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 18:21, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes this needs to be WP:AFD'd. 18:40, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
* I'd appreciate it if someone besides me could PROD it and/or take it to AfD. I'm already involved in another AfD in which the article's creator is participating. Voceditenore (talk) 09:12, 15 March 2013 (UTC)
* ✅ See WP:Articles for deletion/Steps to prevent addiction Roger (talk) 09:28, 15 March 2013 (UTC)
Removal of therapeutic claims for nutritional supplement
In this edit I removed extensive claims of therapeutic efficacy. Please let me know if I got it wrong. Without that content, I'm not sure the article requires inclusion in the WPMED project - thoughts? -- Scray (talk) 09:06, 15 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes but what do some people attempt to us it for? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 06:54, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* This text simply states that it is used in an attempt to improve memory http://books.google.ca/books?id=kEXRbHIDM1IC&pg=PA147 Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 06:57, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
Hops stops Cancer?
Hi, someone is trying to edit war to insert the claim that hops causes cancer. can some people comment at Talk:Breast_enlargement_supplements. IRWolfie- (talk) 15:37, 17 March 2013 (UTC)
Talk:Labia elongation
Opinions are needed on the above linked matter. Right now, two articles exist on this topic because an editor un-redirected the Labia elongation article, feeling that the merge/redirect should have been discussed first (specifically whether or not we should use "elongation" as part of the title or "stretching" as part of the title; before his un-redirect, that article redirected to the Labia stretching article. Flyer22 (talk) 12:02, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
HIV/AIDS
This article can be FA very easily, it just needs to some minor copyedit changes and modifying per MoS. The content is complete enough to be FA. Who can contribute to make it FA? Thanks in advance ● Mehran Debate● 05:37, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
* I copied this comment to Talk:HIV/AIDS/Archive 20 and replied there. Blue Rasberry (talk) 18:28, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
Needs help to block user
Hi. The User:86.DGA have edited many anatomy related articles in a row and changed the infobox randomly like this Cavernous part of internal carotid artery: Difference between revisions. I have added the vandalism templates to his/her talkpage, but I do not know how to precess to try to get the user block. There have been made 15 of such edits. Thanks JakobSteenberg (talk) 09:59, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hi. There is an administrator noticeboard dedicated to dealing with vandals: Administrator intervention against vandalism. If you leave a note there, they'll know what to do. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 10:44, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thank you for reverting the mess on all of those articles. WhatamIdoing (talk) 14:58, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for the help. The user was blocked indefinitely although he had a valid counter argument: "I have a neurological condition, similar to Tourette's, in which I occasionally experience loss of conscious control over my limbs. This condition makes me perform actions, such as vandalizing". Is this something we should include in Tourette syndrome? JakobSteenberg (talk) 22:49, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* I doubt it. But we might consider listing it as an alternative to the WP:LITTLEBROTHER excuse. Alien hand syndrome is real, but it doesn't result in someone opening fifteen pages, changing numbers in the infobox, and saving the pages, especially over the objections of the person, who could get up and move away the entire body away from the computer to stop the vandalizing. WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:31, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Since sarcasms is hard to communicate in writting: So there is no doubt, the above was a joke (do not what random people on the inter-web to think less of me :D ). Could be alien hand syndrome or perhaps worse it could be a possession just like I saw in that movie Idle Hands. JakobSteenberg (talk) 10:28, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
Medical uses of silver
An editor is attempting to refute secondary sources with primary ones and attempting to replace newer secondary sources with older primary ones per Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 22:51, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Is this "again" or "still"? WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:43, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* Both. These new dressing are expensive and Cochrane concludes that they are no better than the much cheaper one. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:48, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
Lower limbs venous ultrasonography
After Peer Review, I have proposed Lower limbs venous ultrasonography to GA. I would like your opinion about it. I think it has all the criteria needed. Thank you very much. Doc Elisa ✉ 01:04, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
Can we avoid using "Alternative Medicine" in articles?
On the Osteoarthritis page there is management called Osteoarthritis#Alternative_medicine. I have checked the page Alternative medicine and I completely agree with "There is no coherent, consistent and widely accepted definition of alternative medicine." Is Wikipedia a collection of American knowledge, Western knowledge, or human knowledge? I hope the last one. As a source of human knowledge the word "alternative" will change depending on the culture. In the US, Chinese Traditional Medicine is "alternative" and in China it is mainstream. I propose avoiding the term completely like in the Rheumatoid arthritis where the term "other therapies" is used. Ideally, I would like to propose 3 categories 1) Proven treatments 2) Possible treatments 3) Unproven treatments. Category 1 would be for treatments with secondary sources supported by random controlled trials. Category 2 is for treatments that have 1 or more random controlled trials and lack a secondary source. Category 3 is for any other suggested treatments that lack any random controlled trials. What do you think? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:03, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Wikipedia's medical content is partly a collection of evidence based medicine or science based medicine. While the exact definition of alt med is unclear most people know it when they see it. We do not include content typically if it lacks a secondary source. And just because there is a RCT does not mean it "works" for anything. Further more there may be RCTs for one indication but not for other.
* Often we divide "management" into "lifestyle", "medication", "surgery" and "alternative medicine". Other categories may include "Psychological". Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:08, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* I think that if our English-language sources usually call something "alternative", then we can, too, and usually should.
* Your rational, evidence-based system would lead primarily to fights over whether a given treatment is "really" proven. I invite you to keep an eye on Alternative cancer treatments, which attempts to do something like this, with only limited and partial success. WhatamIdoing (talk)
* I hate the term since it is really not an alternative to anything but simply unscientific medicine, but the fact is that it is the term used in most sources... so to change it in any direction (I would propose something like "unproven medicine" or "mainstream medicine in China" as you propose) would not follow consensus in sources.--Garrondo (talk) 07:42, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Wrt TCM, although traditional medicine is important in China, its importance is largely the result of the political and economic system in place over the last 60 years. Modern (Western) medicine exceeds traditional medicine in China today both in terms of healthcare delivered and number of practising doctors. If you can afford it, you're going to take the therapy that is proven to work [Daily Mail readers excepted]. Many Chinese can afford it. There is only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't work. Colin°Talk 14:34, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Would that it were that simple. There is medicine that works, but not as well as other options. There is medicine that works, but has not yet been proven to work. There is medicine that works, but only in certain circumstances that are not well understood. Yadda, yadda, yadda. Altmed fields are abundantly occupied with placebos that work (particularly for pain), but only so far as the recipient believes that they work. All of these have vociferous advocates. LeadSongDog come howl! 17:40, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Ah, I didn't say you could tell which and when! But yes, reality is complex. Labels sometimes aren't helpful. Colin°Talk 19:59, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* [A somewhat similar discussion is at Talk:Genesis creation narrative (version of 04:01, 21 March 2013).
* —Wavelength (talk) 20:32, 21 March 2013 (UTC)]
* We must be very careful with the section treatment. Wikipedia is not a treatment guide for diseases. Information about "alternative" treatment for cancer is dangerous because people can refuse medical treatment for something unreal. I agree with Garrondo and Colin. Nothing is well documented in "alternative medicine" statistics are dubious most of the time. And most of the time those "treatments" are only palliative. BUT, if we don't mention them we will have lots of discussions... huge problem. Some treatments are well documented as acupuncture for pain for example. Doc Elisa ✉ 22:03, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* If you don't mind a relative newby, who is not even a medical doctor, to put forth an idea, I'd like to contribute to this discussion. I hate the term alternative medicine. I don't even like complementary medicine. Both sound as if they are something that medical doctors do not advocate. At the same time, there is a great deal of recent, highly rigorous scientific evidence for many of the previously-denigrated practices such as acupuncture and tai chi and yoga and meditation - especially when dealing with topics such as pain management or chronic metabolic problems like diabetes or chronic immunological problems such as arthritis. More and more doctors are coming around to the idea that lifestyle changes, nutrition counseling, and daily behavioral practices are excellent treatments (and even better preventatives) for many physical ailments. Harvard Medical Center and the Mayo Clinic, I believe, use the term Integrative Medicine (denoting the integration of the mind and body). Also - one of the main differences is that Integrative Medicine is expected to have solid (or in the process of developing solid) evidence of efficacy. Perhaps that term would work better? Just my opinion. CJ (talk) 22:59, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
Constructive feedback needed at Progeroid syndrome!
Hi all, I have recently written an article on Progeroid syndromes and would like to get it to a good article status. I have submitted it for peer review. If you can spare a moment, I would greatly appreciate your input in this. Thank you very much for your attention. Kinkreet ~♥moshi moshi♥~ 03:05, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hi. I am bit unsure if this has any place on the English Wikipedia, but it could be an addition under "Society and culture". Since there is only 43 living individuals with Hutchinson-Gilfords syndrom, would it have any value to the reader to mention that Danish TV (TV 2 (Denmark)) have made a couple of documentaries about one of these children (I think they made tree so far)? Since it is the second biggest TV station in the country and there are not that many of them, most Danes actually know if you say "Jesper, the boy that age premature" or something like that who you referrer to (but then again we are only 5-6 millions).
* I looked around but could not fine any English sources, all are in Danish. But if people fell that he is worth mention as a notable case or some think like that I will gladly write a small section.
* In case anybody in here reads Danish too, here are two link to the TV stations programs: . JakobSteenberg (talk) 09:48, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thank you very very much JakobSteenberg! That's definitely something I will incorporate into the article! I can't read Danish but thank God for Google Translate. I will message you after with what I wrote and you can see whether it's accurate? Many thanks again! Kinkreet ~♥moshi moshi♥~ 13:59, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* No problem. Just say if you need help with any translation part or if you need more sources (pretty sure I can find a couple of newspaper references to). Write on my talk page if I do not respond to what you write in here.
* By the way: watch todays TED talk about 6 minutes in. Maybe it is worth linking to or the speaker may mention something that the article lacks. JakobSteenberg (talk) 15:27, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* I've sneaked in the TED talk in one of the reference. I didn't add an external link or further readings because the focus of the talk was on drug discovery and not progeria. I have added in the bits about Jesper, please see if it is accurate or if there's something important you think I should include. Again, thanks for you input! (by the way, if you found the TED talk interesting, you might also be interested in European Lead Factory (, I think I might write an article on it soon) Kinkreet ~♥moshi moshi♥~ 02:59, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hi, again. I read trough the section about Jesper Sørensen. Apparently Google Translate works well (this time). There is however a problem with reference 85 (the page can be found when clicking on the link). I can find another source, but this is from a newspaper (and not the most reliable in the country) if this can not be fixed. It does however only states that he is the only with the disease in Denmark (and does not mention anything about Scandinavia).
* Secondly. Should there not be a trans-title in the reference section? If you look at the first reference in femur it states which language the reference is in and what the translated title of the book is.
* Details aside the article is really good. Well done... and thanks for the heads up on European Lead Factory. I am looking at it now. Very interesting. JakobSteenberg (talk) 12:28, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
S100B - journal article spam
Can someone please review User:Biotechparadise's contribs. I've already reverted edits to Epilepsy and Epileptic seizure but he's just restored them. I've left a message on his talk page. As I don't revert twice, could someone else review the epilepsy edits and consider them. IMO this is journal article spam -- basic science in a computing journal of all places. Colin°Talk 12:44, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* These have been reverted so we're done here for now. Biosthmors (talk) 17:50, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
Cancer syndrome
Could an admin check Cancer syndrome, which was quietly CSD'd as a copyvio? I thought that I'd made a few edits to it a long while ago, and I'm confident that nothing I worked on was an unambiguous copyvio. As a result, it seems likely to me that not every version was a copyvio, and I'm pretty sure I would have noticed if we'd had an article that looked like the Gale Encyclopedia's article on the subject. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:46, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* And that's why you really need to be submitting your RfA. --RexxS (talk) 03:56, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* That reminds me that I offered to nominate WhatamIdoing and have been unforgiveably negligent in following up. :( If you're still interested, let me know and we'll get it done. At a glance, I couldn't see the copyvio, and I've restored the page. If you don't mind, take a look and just confirm that it doesn't appear to be copied, to make sure I'm not missing something. MastCell Talk 04:06, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* I looked at this and did not see any unambiguous copyvio of the answers.com article either. Some phrases are close paraphrases, but nothing that could be mistaken for direct copying. I protested the CSD. --Mark viking (talk) 05:34, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* The dup-detector report is indeed not strong evidence...just some few-word key technical terms. However, other parts are more extensive direct quotes from various sources--some cited and with quote-marks, but nothing that couldn't be summarized from scratch in an editor's own words. And some other parts, for example, the "Hereditary predisposition patient features" section, appear to be unquoted but are copy&pasted (including some with source webpage's own formatting). Checking article history, the content with the problems I see appears to have all been added in a single edit, so I reverted to just prior to that. Then looking forward I did see a substantial own-writing contribution, which I revived. Others are welcome to check specific parts of the content I removed and re-add it if it's clean, but there were too many problems I saw to take a "keep and wait for cleanup" approach to it. DMacks (talk) 07:51, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
* Is very hard nowadays to affirm a copyvio because all blogs copy WP and they have no date so we don't know who has written first. For me, the problem with this article is the total absence of references mailny when we talk about something so important and not absolutely sure yet. Doc Elisa ✉ 11:05, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
The redirects seen to have been moved to Category:Hereditary cancers. This includes the main link at Cancer. The history at also mentions copying from this site. I'd dig deeper, but my schedule won't allow me for a bit. I have some semi-developed content (tables) I can flesh out and drop in later.Novangelis (talk) 15:17, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
management of cancer
I was alerted to the rather poor state of this article (as well as cancer immunotherapy, which has accumulated quite a few suspicious looking ELs) because of new edits on viral therapeutics. It's pretty shabby, perhaps in part because it was spun off from the larger cancer article some time ago. Would there be any interest in going over some of this with me? -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 02:18, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
Heart failure cells needs more eyes
These hemosiderine-containing macrophages in the alveoli are not specific of heart failure. There are no heart failure cells. Doc Elisa ✉ 17:28, 16 March 2013 (UTC)
* I've made it clear that the term refers to siderophages found in the alvioli, caused by heart failure and pulmonary edema; and created Siderophage. The prior wording equated the two terms. When I searched for "heart failure cell" (singular), I got no useful results but a sesrch for "heart failure cells" (plural) found lots of mentions in textbooks. The term goes back to the ninteenth centuty. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 14:02, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* According to this, siderophage is synonymous with siderophore, which is a fairly extensive article. Redirect? LeadSongDog come howl! 15:33, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* It seems "siderophage" can mean either a cell - a macrophage - laden with iron-containing particles or a molecule that chelates iron, and only the second meaning matches "siderophore". I'll look more tomorrow when I've had some sleep. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 17:15, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Just search siderophages at Google scholar: you will find a numberless articles. They are present in lots of situations from death by suffocation until a marker of air pollution. They are present also in lungs of adult addicts...
* Siderophages are macrophages (phage=eat). Macrophages exist to take within them noxious molecules. Where we can found blood outside vessels we can found siderophages. Even within a vessel with a thrombus, siderophages are there too. They are important to reabsorb a clot. So it doesn't exist such thing "heart failure cells". You don't find them in the most recent Cardiology books like Hurst's or Braunwald. It is the first time I read about this. And believe me I know what cardiology is.
* Siderophore is a chelating molecule not a cell, I think. Dictionaries sometimes are wrong and happy when we send them a help a comment. Doc Elisa ✉ 18:08, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* A google scholar search for ""heart failure cell" hemosiderin" found the terms used together in Stedmans, and more expansively in Rubin's Pathology (2008) p.231 (the paragraph commencing "LUNGS..." and accompanying figure 7-2.). There are many other hits as well, of varying utility.
* At the risk of committing a little wp:SYN: "Phore" means "bear". After a "phage" "eats" (envelopes) something, in this case hemosiderin, it bears (carries) it until it has either been digested or expelled. Hence the terms "siderophage" and "siderophore" refer to the same cells, but "phore" is in a more specific state than "phage", that of being laden with hemosiderin. LeadSongDog come howl! 19:14, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* As an example desferrioxamine B is a siderophore is not a cell. Siderophore is much more a chemical compound which can bound hemosiderin in its molecule. But this is only my opinion and I'm not specialist in chemistry. Otherwise in multiple sclerosis there are macrophages filled with iron (siderophages) so... there are heart failure cells in multiple sclerosis lesions and they can be found in CSF too. Doc Elisa ✉ 20:41, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* Agree that not all siderophores (iron-bearers) are cells, and that some are just molecules, such as DFO-B. The "heart failure cell" discussions, however, are clearly refering to cells. Alternatively, calls them "hemosiderin-laden, iron-positive macrophages". In that context then we can say that siderophages can be nearly synonymous with siderophores (as elaborated above). Stedman's definitions might have been better if they were more nuanced, but for the purpose, they are essentially correct, and they certainly are citeable. Fortunately, our entries can be more extensive that just a wp:DICDEF, and a clear meaning can be conveyed. LeadSongDog come howl! 22:21, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
* When I searched Google Books for "heart failure cells" (plural) I found a number of (mostly pathology) textbooks that describe them as macrophages holding iron-containing particles (siderophages per the first medilexicon.com meaning), originating in the alvioli and associated with heart failure and pulmonary edema. The term has been in use since the late ninteenth century. So, it appears that all heart failure cells are siderophages but not all siderophages are heart failure cells.
* I'm fairly comfortable with that interpretation. I haven't yet looked into whether "siderophage" can mean "siderophore", or whether the medlexicon.com definition cited by LSD is a mistake. Has either of you gotten to the bottom of that yet? --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 04:39, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* There are a number of similar definitions compiled at for comparison.LeadSongDog come howl! 05:07, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* Ah. So, "siderophore" can mean either the iron-chelating molecule or the iron-containing macrophage, but "siderophage" only means the iron-containing macrophage; and "heart failure cell" is a siderophage from the alvioli associated with left heart failure and pulmonary edema? --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 07:58, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* What I mean is that siderophages are NOT specific of heart failure, they are just macrophages laden with iron and is incorrect (in my opinion) to call them "heart failure cells" and have an article about it creating a wrong idea about this subject. All the world translate or copy en:WP so we must be extremely careful and we must avoid to create things which doesn't exist. Macrophages (siderophages) exist everywhere to clean the hemosiderin when, under capillary hypertension or a break-down of blood-brain barrier, red blood cells pass through the capillary wall and by rupture of its cellular membrane hemosiderin moves out the cell to the interstitial tissue. Doc Elisa ✉ 08:02, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* I agree that siderophages are found anywhere leaked hemoglobin and macrophages are found, but when they are found originating in the alvioli and caused by left heart failure and pulmonary edema, those siderophages are referred to, in the 30 pathology textbooks I looked at last night, as "heart failure cells." It is an old term, coined by a German doctor in the late 19th century, and it occurs often enough in both current and old literarure - and I assume in more languages than English - that we should probably have an article explaining it.
* We do need to make it clear that it only refers to those siderophages originating in the alvioli, and caused by pulmonary edema and heart failure. I think the current version of Heart failure cells does that. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 09:19, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* I'm not against you obviously. I'm cardiologist 65 years old and is the 1st time I read about this. Sidephages are present in pulmonary alveoli of addict people, in presence of big pollution, in alveoli of children who got a sudden death, etc. They are not a sign of heart failure. May be when they have been found for the first time scientist thought they were exclusive for heart failure but they aren't. Look at reliable books like Harrison's Internal Medicine, Braunwald, Hurst's cardiology: you can't find heart failure cells. In heart failure, talk about siderophages and if we said that some author call them heart failure cells I agree but make a special article about them is, I'm sorry, ridiculous. Doc Elisa ✉ 12:02, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* Can I ask you to search for "heart failure cells" (plural) in Google Books? It returns 78 results to me here in Australia, mostly recent textbooks, most of those pathology textbooks, using the term. Google Scholar returns 500 scholarly articles using the term, mostly recent, but some from over the last hundred years. It could be that the term is only used among pathologists, I suppose.
* Many of the Google Book results define the term, and most of them make it clear they're just talking about siderophages originating in the alvioli caused by heart failure and pulmonary edema. None of them claims this is the only source of siderophages. Clearly, some serious specialist authors use the term, so I think we have a responsibility to explain what is meant by it, for readers who encounter it in one of those textbooks or scholarly articles where it is not defined in the text. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 13:30, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* Ok Anthony no problem. You are in Australia? what a wonderful country! You are lucky Doc Elisa ✉ 14:08, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* I agree. I wish everyone could enjoy our freedom, prosperity, weather, healthcare, education, security and social cohesion. One day. (Maybe not the weather.) --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 16:40, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
I think we may be closing in on the real question here. Should "heart failure cells" be the title of an independent article, or should the term merely be explained elsewhere, such as in a history section of Siderophore. The latter seems an eminently workable proposition. LeadSongDog come howl! 15:22, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* Which is the most common name for a hemosiderin-containing macrophage: "siderophore" or "siderophage"? In my trawling through textbooks last night I didn't encounter any instances of the former. Whatever we call it, we need an article on it, (Siderophage is just one sentence I wrote last night and Siderophore doesn't mention it). And I agree, "heart failure cell" should be a section in it, with Heart failure cells redirecting to that section. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 16:40, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* Sometimes I forget that we are writing an encyclopedia and the important is not what is true but what is verifiable. Anyway I agree with Anthony. In my opinion if the title is siderophage instead "heart failure cells" it will be better and no one will think that they are cells exclusively present in heart failure. Doc Elisa ✉ 20:25, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
* DocElisa, no offense intended at all, but your comment "Sometimes I forget that we are writing an encyclopedia and the important is not what is true but what is verifiable" is literally the most funny thing I've read so far about wikipedia ;) It's so true too. Lesion ( talk ) 00:12, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes Lesion is so true! . This section was a very good discussion and I think we have finished it with a bit more knowledge what is very good Doc Elisa ✉ 15:58, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
Somebody used "siderophore" (chelating molecule, not macrophage) on the radio today! (I should have added Radio National to my list of awesome things about Australia.) I will get to filling out Siderophage and doing the redirect from Heart failure cells soon, all my wikitime is being consumed by Wikipedia/Wikimedia reading at the moment, and my new laptop arrives in about a week. Please feel free to step in before I get to it, if the mood takes you. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 02:52, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
Transcendental Meditation research
There is a discussion about which version reflects MEDRS best. The two versions are: and. Can individuals who are familiar with MEDRS please comment at Talk:Transcendental_Meditation. IRWolfie- (talk) 20:23, 23 March 2013 (UTC)
* A discussion of User:Will Beback indefinite ban a year ago and denial of return to editing recently by arbcom is under discussion here Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:09, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* is clearly the unbiased version which more completely represents the state of research of meditation as a medical treatment. appears to present a very biased point of view. I'll go to Talk:Transcendental_Meditation and comment as well. CJ (talk) 23:28, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* The topic is Transcendental Meditation(tm), not meditation generally, IRWolfie- (talk) 23:59, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Urm, IWRoolfie, could you please explicate: by that "(tm)" were you referring to "transcendental meditation" (the movement), "transcendental meditation" (the practice), "transcendental meditation" (the organization), or perhaps transcendental meditation (the "trade mark")? LeadSongDog come howl! 15:31, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
Is Alt Medicine, "non evidence based" or "non-Western accepted"?
It seems that there is disagreement on the definition of "Alternative Medicine". I agree with the definition of "non evidence based". Some prominent Wikipedia doctors think it means "non-Western accepted". I reject the second definition as culturally racist. I understand Wikipedia to be a source of human knowledge written for all humans, not written from a Western perspective. Some herbal remedies are not accepted by many Western doctors despite there being reliable, secondary evidence based sources to support their use. It is a major disservice to put any of these treatments under the header "Alternative medicine" along with "non evidence based" treatments. Furthermore, there are secondary, reliable evidence based sources that say some Traditional Chinese Medicine, so it is unfair to put all Traditional Chinese Medicine under the header "Alternative medicine". Those that are evidence based should be put under some non-offensive header and all non-evidence based can be put under "Alternative medicine". Can we agree that only "non-evidence based" treatments belong under the header "Alternative medicine"?Sthubbar (talk) 11:11, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* No, "alternative medicine" is not defined as only "non-evidence based". It is defined as what reliable sources call it, and reliable sources have many and often conflicting definitions for what "alternative medicine" includes. The fairness or unfairness of the situation is determined by what sources people provide, so if there is content there which you do not think should belong, challenge the sources and not the content. Right now, I think there are a significant number of sources classifying traditional medicines of many cultures as "alternative". There seems not to be any one definition of alternative medicine with broad consensus. Blue Rasberry (talk) 11:32, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* The article and section to which this editor refers is here and the doctor editor he refs to is me. Further comments would be useful.
* The user in question has added "Curcumin has shown to be an effective treatment." supported by this ref among others which states "Although the preliminary results did support the efficacy of curcumin in these diseases, the data to date are all preliminary and not conclusive" Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 11:35, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Blue Rasberry, why use such a term without one definition or broad consensus? There are other, better terms. "Evidence based" is clear and of little debate. Evidence based is reliable, secondary sources. We can chose "Lack of evidence based" or something else for other treatments, include "Alternative medicine" whatever that means because nobody can agree on what it means. Why not avoid such an ambiguous term? Doc James hasn't been able to answer why he wants to keep holding on to such a poorly defined term.Sthubbar (talk) 11:39, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Doc James and others have repeatedly stated that the terms used are based on reliable sources. While it would be accurate to describe many alternative medicine approaches as poorly-studied or non-evidence-based (and there could be a set of articles on evidence- vs non-evidence-based medicine), the term "alternative medicine" is widely used. Your claim that "Doc James hasn't been able to answer..." is clearly incorrect. Let's stick to content, shall we? -- Scray (talk) 13:24, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Scray, really? Where? I have seen no reference to a reliable source that says that "All herbal medicines = Alternative medicine". What I have seen is the "Alt med" page clearly say that the term is poorly defined. I have also seen Blue Rasberry say "reliable sources have many and often conflicting definitions". So if the definition is conflicting why doe Doc James position win? He might have unprovided reliable sources that say "All herbal=alt med" and I will then produce reliable sources that say "All herbal != alt med". Who wins in this sort of discussion? Be clear, my point has nothing to do with promoting non-evidence based medicine. My point is why is evidence based medicine being forced under an undefined term?Sthubbar (talk) 14:22, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Propose something specific on the alternative medicine page. Please provide sources for whatever definition you want to use. The sources are the authority. Blue Rasberry (talk) 15:16, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Blue Rasberry, come on. How am I going to find a source for the term "Other Treatments"? I don't expect to find a large organization called "Org of other treatments". I am proposing a neutral term that is not offensive. I have given this analogy many times. When I was young I used to have crayons with the color of "Flesh". Nobody thought 2 seconds about how offensive that was because for the majority of people it was true. Same with the word "Alternative", I suspect for most everyone reading this it is not offensive because for them most of these treatments are "Alternative". How many people here grow up where everyone accepted acupuncture as standard medical procedure? I suspect very few of you. So, just by the luck of your birth, this treatment is alternative. For billions of people that's just not true. It is mainstream. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sthubbar (talk • contribs) 15:32, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* I agree with you that it is racist, prejudiced, and unfair. I just feel also that no better option has been proposed which would be more fair. I hope that you feel that you get support according to Wikipedia guidelines. Those guidelines also are unfair, as is every governing system, but it is what we have. Are you asking for the rules to be changed or for the community to make a special exception in this case? What about the people who do not want a special exception? What do you think should happen? Blue Rasberry (talk) 15:48, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
See also FiachraByrne (talk) 16:05, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Sthubbar, your argument that certain therapies are "mainstream" elsewhere doesn't hold. Unless we are talking primitive tribes or fundamentalist religious folk, anyone who can afford it and has access to it tends to choose so-called Western medicine. This is true in China or Africa or the Amazon. This argument reminds me of the "politically correct" councils that ban the term "brainstorming" in case it is offensive to people with epilepsy (who had never considered the word offensive). While the world isn't perfect wrt terminology, we ain't going to fix it here on Wikipedia. Colin°Talk 16:37, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* OT That was one English local council, the then Conservative controlled Tunbridge Wells. Dougweller (talk) 17:22, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* Again, I hope I'm not intruding, but I have to take issue with your statement, Colin. You said "anyone who can afford it and has access to it tends to choose so-called Western medicine." While there are many many ailments for which Western medicine has superior outcomes, there are also many ailments for which Western medicine has no effective treatment. There are many people in many countries - including progressive countries such as the United States - who rely upon non-Western medicine to effectively treat their ailments. Recent research shows the efficacy of behaviors and practices that were previously under the domain of "alternative medicine", so that they cannot be considered non-proven (at least not anymore). As I stated earlier in this talk page, I advocate the use of the term Integrative Medicine because 1) It is not an alternative, but rather should be part of any medical doctor's arsenal of proven treatments and 2) an integration of the body and the mind, which is often the source of effective treatments for some chronic ailments. Integrative medicine focuses on nutrition, exercise, cognitive therapies, and meditative practices that modulate the neurological and metabolic systems so that they operate in better balance. Doesn't that seem fair to you? CJ (talk) 23:16, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
The treatments with strong evidence of efficacy join the mainstream. Those which do not have strong evidence of efficacy do join the mainstream. Those treatments which do not have strong evidence of efficacy can not rationally be claimed to be effective. IRWolfie- (talk) 00:05, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* Fair? Only if it were true, which it isn't. If it's proven, it becomes mainstream medicine, and the mainstream sources will show it, including research journals. Until then it remains part of "alternative" medicine, whether it is used "together with" mainstream practices ("complementary medicine") or as part of "integrative medicine." It's still the same unproven methods, even when used in that manner. You see, this is a catch-22. There can be a short time period, after proof has been found, where a formerly "alternative" practice is still called "alternative" and also mainstream, but it quickly ceases to be called "alternative." Now that's in theory, because in practice it is now pretty rare for a method to make that transition, and it will become increasingly rare, since pretty much all alternative methods have been researched (if there is any reasonable chance of them working) and found wanting. So we're stuck with the very apt definition provided by Tim Minchin: "By definition, alternative medicine has either not been proved to work or has been proved not to work. You know what they call alternative medicine that has been proved to work? Medicine."(The source is well worth seeing!) He pretty much sums up the opinions of most experts on the subject. Marcia Angell states it in a longer manner, where she has already introduced her NEJM article by quoting Eisenberg's definition, which she considers "not a very satisfactory definition." Then she continues:
* "It is time for the scientific community to stop giving alternative medicine a free ride. There cannot be two kinds of medicine – conventional and alternative. There is only medicine that has been adequately tested and medicine that has not, medicine that works and medicine that may or may not work. Once a treatment has been tested rigorously, it no longer matters whether it was considered alternative at the outset. If it is found to be reasonably safe and effective, it will be accepted. But assertions, speculation, and testimonials do not substitute for evidence. Alternative treatments should be subjected to scientific testing no less rigorous than that required for conventional treatments."
* If you're curious, there are many more quotes here. -- Brangifer (talk) 00:07, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* There's one egregious factual error in Minchin's video, can you spot it?
* The problem with the normative scientific definition of alt med. is that it's unidirectional. FiachraByrne (talk) 02:56, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
I am willing to call an end to the discussion. I accept that according to Wikipedia rules "All herbal medicine = Alternative medicine". FiachraByrne has provided me reference to Cochrane CAM field and NCCAM which seem to be reliable sources providing a consensus to this opinion. @Blue Rasberry thanks for agreeing to the idea and that there is no current better option. @Brangifer, it would be nice if we could just have safe and effective medicine and other, that is the position I was trying to promote, though that is not the consensus so it doesn't fly. @Colin, how much time do you spend in China, Africa or the Amazon? I live in China and I suspect that TCM will be replaced by Western medicine in China about the same time that Christianity is replaced by rational thought in America. It makes no difference that people go to doctors that prescribe Western treatments. The doctor often will also supplement with some sort of TCM for good measure. Just like someone who goes to a doctor in America and supplements it with a prayer to God. Patients are likely to attribute some of the cure to the prayer. In China they attribute some of the cure to TCM. It's human nature.Sthubbar (talk) 01:21, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* I know someone in China but unlike you I don't live there. Regardless, the situation wrt Western medicine in China is well documented. Talking of what people call "mainstream" or of one thing "replacing" another over-simplifies the issue. Your last points don't help your case at all -- both are examples of folk knowing what is the real medicine. Colin°Talk 10:11, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
Urinary system is in bad shape
Hi. I came across urinary system some time ago and the article was in really really bad shape (feedback from readers really confirmed this). I made some quick additions and changes to it and now it is only in really bad shape. I personally have no greater interest in the urinary system and do not think I will be working more on it. If somebody, who enjoy nephrology more than I do (should not be hard to find), are willing to put in half a hour I would say this is worth the time since it is the mother of all urology and nephrology articles. Just wanted to let you know. JakobSteenberg (talk) 13:30, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
* So you think John Nance Garner would not have had much good to say about this article... If you're not interested in X, it doesn't really help all that much to get on the TALK pages and ask that somebody interested in X should do a better job and more work writing a better article on X. If such people existed and were reading they would already being doing that. They don't pay us you know S B Harris 01:57, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* If that is how you feel on the matter then you are more than welcome not to edit the article and go back doing whatever you where doing before... and I do know that it is not paid since I have not received a pay check in the mail either. JakobSteenberg (talk) 09:21, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* And I thought I was the only one whose mail was being intercepted ;-) LeadSongDog come howl! 15:09, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* Actually, this is a good way to alert people to problems with an article. We have 30,000 articles in our scope, and that doesn't count hospitals, some drugs, or anatomy, all of which are associated with more specialized articles. If a seemingly important article is in bad shape, it's often because interested people didn't know about it or didn't know that it needed help so badly. WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:21, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hear, hear. The core purpose of WikiProjects is "to help coordinate and organize the writing and editing of those articles [within its scope]." Where else would one raise this sort of issue? Adding a cleanup or expert template is of little use with backlogs being what they are. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 18:33, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* The article should probably be moved (over redirect) to "Urinary tract", to agree with the terminology. Searching mesh for "Urinary system" gets a redirect to "Urogenital system" at . The alternative of moving it to Urogenital system would require a rewrite for the substantial expansion of scope. LeadSongDog come howl! 16:01, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* To be fair, WPMed and other project templates were only added to the talkpage this month, even though the article itself is quite long in the tooth.LeadSongDog come howl! 19:39, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
Discussion on the use of secondary sources in psychology articles
After a rough interaction with an educational project, in which I tried to enforce that articles were mainly based in secondary sources the online embassador of this educational psychology project is discussing if the use of (mainly) secondary sources should be required. My opinion is clearly that it is.
I am sure some will be interested in commenting their opinion on the use of secondary sources, specially due to the increasing number of educational assigments on medical and psychology articles, and some of the problems that have arrived with them.
--Garrondo (talk) 09:55, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* Agree if one is just learning to edit Wikipedia only using secondary sources is a good way to prevent issues from occurring thus would strongly recommend this. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine)
* It's also worth pointing out the need to distinguish peer-review vs. peer-reviewed review. This confusion seems to crop up with many new editors.LeadSongDog come howl! 15:07, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
Mania
Let me draw attention to Talk:Mania -- I have the impression that nobody from this WikiProject has been watching it, and it could use another eye or two. Looie496 (talk) 03:31, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
Standardize table of contents
Can we come up with a standardized table of contents for all WP:MEDICINE articles? My ideas is that we agree something like 1) Symptoms 2) Causes 3) Treatments 4) History. I tried looking at the FA quality articles to see if there was some standard and I couldn't find any consistency among them. How would we go about this?Sthubbar (talk) 12:18, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* We do have a standard! See WP:MEDMOS. However:
Clinical articles can achieve a level of consistency by limiting their top-level headers to those specified below. However, the spectrum of medical conditions is huge, including infectious and genetic diseases, chronic and acute illness, the life-threatening and the inconvenient. Some sections will necessarily be absent or may be better merged, especially if the article is not (yet) fully comprehensive. (Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles)
* —Fvasconcellos (t·c) 12:44, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* Fvasconcellos, thanks for the feedback. Now I'm confused as to how Tourette syndrome and Asperger syndrom can both be FA quality and have such different contents and order of contents. It isn't standard at all and yet they are supposedly the best of the best. Tourette's is pretty close though combines history and research direction. Asperger starts with History which is totally out of order, and has cultural aspects instead of society and culture. Is it OK if I go into these FA articles and try and organize them according to the standard?Sthubbar (talk) 02:59, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* Probably 90-95% of our GAs/FAs follow this pattern. There are a few exceptions. Probably best to post on talk before making the changes. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 03:07, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* And why are there two options for the table of contents headings? If "Signs and symptoms" or "Characteristics" are both acceptable than why give an option? I recommend just standardize to one. Isn't that the definition of a standard?Sthubbar (talk) 03:36, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* This is simply guidance. It is giving recommended suggestions. I typically use treatment for acute curable diseases and management for non curable chronic diseases. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 10:58, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* The guidance we give is that you should re-order the sections on occasion. For example, if a disease concept is historical, like Neurosis or Da Costa's syndrome, then you really need to put the ==History== section first. Sometimes ==Characteristics== makes more sense, e.g., in a disease that produces stillborn babies (who, by definition, have zero symptoms). We are not providing a one-size-fits-all template to be applied by mindless robots. We are providing general advice to intelligent people whom we trust to adapt it to the specific content of the article in question. WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:10, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
Peer Review Request - Liver injury
I just put in a peer review request for liver injury and any input would be valuable. Peter.C • talk • contribs 16:05, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* I'm concerned about the name of the article—the term "liver injury" usually refers to injury at the cellular level (e.g. hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis, etc.). IMHO, the current incarnation of the article would be best located at Liver trauma. We already have an article at Abdominal trauma so it wouldn't be inconsistent. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 22:00, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
* ...and I see Scray has expressed this very concern at the Peer review. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 00:56, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, I agree. Liver injury is a section of abdominal trauma and it would be better to expand it. Doc Elisa ✉ 14:53, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
Talk:Biology and sexual orientation
Will anyone from this project besides me weigh in on the above linked discussion, since the study of sexual orientation is part of the medical field and sourcing this topic is often subject to WP:MEDRS? Opinions from this project on the matter are very much needed. Discussion centers on edits made by an IP, who has repeatedly misinterpreted text from sources and seems generally unfamiliar with how Wikipedia is supposed to work. After more than once asking the IP to take part in the discussion, the IP finally did. The discussion is also about how best to word the article's lead regarding the topic of possible causes of sexual orientation. Flyer22 (talk) 06:57, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
Talk:Rabies
Comments are needed for the above linked matter. Flyer22 (talk) 00:39, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
The Emperor's New Drugs
I recommend this. The author makes the case that the efficacy of antidepressants is certainly mostly due to the placebo effect, and probably entirely due to the placebo effect. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 10:10, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes our article on MDD reflected this "sort of" last time I looked. There is a huge issue with publications bias where one publishes all the positive trials and does not publish all the negative trials resulting in meta analysis of the published literature showing benefit while meta analysis of all the literature shows little benefit. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 10:14, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hersch highlights publication bias, corrupt cherry-picking and double-dipping (publishing the same favourable results in several different papers), but also explains the small super-placebo effect found in some randomised controlled trials and sometimes seen in the clinic. --Anthonyhcole (talk · contribs · email) 11:49, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
(outdent) Part of the problem was the manufacturers included people with mild and moderate depression which often isn't true biological depression and thus little effect was seen - they biased their results against their drug by including this group of people with mild-moderate depression. So they designed their trials poorly probably in part due to the fact that the neurobiology of biological depression (which is usually severe) was not known well at all and thus they didn't know how to best design their trials. Antidepressants do work for more severe (biological) depression and neuroscience is unravelling how antidepressants work, such as via suppressing neuro inflammation as a knock on effect of modulating the serotonin system - neuro inflammation plays a major role in depression. Now that more is known about depression I am sure the drug companies will be more careful in the future and will probably restrict their trials to people with severe depression/major depressive disorder. SSRIs suck for a lot of people anyway, about half the population get sexual dysfunction while taking them - better antidepressants exist. Of course the fact that these companies manipulated data in the first place is serious stuff and raises big concerns.-- MrADHD | T@1k? 21:02, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* The number of people with severe depression is very small compared to the number with mild depression or sadness. To make huge sums of money one must sell to the many not the few. SSRIs reach clinical significance in very severe depression but the benefit is still not huge. Right now 10% of the population in many Western countries take them. I am not convinced think will change any time soon. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 05:21, 27 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yea, you are right. I certainly agree that a lot of people take antidepressants who don't need them and that this is in part because of how they were marketed by the manufacturers and their motivation to make a large profit.-- MrADHD | T@1k? 10:39, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* Another interesting (for lawyers) read here addresses the problem of "evergreening" from the regulatory side. LeadSongDog come howl! 22:03, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* I would have plenty to say about this, but I feel like it verges on WP:SOAP. Maybe in another forum, such as irc? -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 01:29, 27 March 2013 (UTC)
* All this simply emphasis the importance of being a little skeptically. Conflict of interest matters per Upton Sinclair "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his job depends on not understanding it.". Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 05:17, 27 March 2013 (UTC)
RIGVIR
Three non-secondary sources on pubmed (in Russian, which I can't read). Only link is to Latvian Virotherapy Center. Doesn't even fit the definition of virotherapy on that article (itself maybe a little hinky), as it is a non-engineered virus. No Google News results other than aforementioned Latvian Virotherapy Center. I have no idea how to even verify that this is approved (whatever that means) for use in Latvia. WP:DUCKTEST suggests it is WP:FRINGE. Maybe other eyes could help figure this out. Crossposted to WP:FRINGE/N. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 19:11, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
* The source on the page suggests that a lot of doctors and researchers for many decades have researched this therapeutic on hundreds of patients, and the data seems to be presented in a manner closer to proper scientific reporting than I would expect from a fringe source. I think this has gone to clinical trial and gotten reporting and coverage. I have no comment on the quality of the content in the Wikipedia article - there are no in-line citations and is no way to verify the content. Blue Rasberry (talk) 19:50, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
* A topic search on Web of Science turned up nothing. For me, on Proquest I found four hits, but only one that appears to have much potential,, though I don't have access. Daily News Egypt wrote up an unskeptical story that stated, in part:"Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union the testing and use in treatment of Rigvir stopped for a few years, but its effectiveness in the treatment of several kinds of cancer, from prostate to bladder, colon, melanoma and lung cancer, had been proven. In 2002 the work began again and since 2005 Rigvir has been used in treatment in hospitals and available in pharmacies all over Latvia. Rigvir activates and normalises the immune system of the patient and is well-tolerated and safe." Then there was a trade journal: "Latvian fund to develop anticancers" Scrip 2785 (Sep 27, 2002): 8. And a year 2000 conference paper from the 8th International Congress of Immunology, Budapest (Hungary), 23-28 Aug 1992. (World Meeting Number 923 0119), sponsored by the International Union of Immunological Societies, title "Modification of immune responses in tumoral disease by viral immuno-modulator "rigvir" and its potential clinical application", authors Ferdats, A; Muceniece, A; Bruvere, R; Glinkina, L; Heisele, O; Popena, B, with Ferdats, A listed as the corresponding author. Biosthmors (talk) 23:29, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
* If something cannot be supported with English-language sources it becomes very unlikely that something is notable. JFW | T@lk 23:37, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
* I will notify of this thread. Biosthmors (talk) 18:13, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hi, I'm a general editor who suggested splitting the subject to a separate page, and then copy-edited it somewhat. The editor who originally contributed the material,, is not active, did not provide an email address, and does not edit the Latvian Wikipedia under the same name. There is a Latvian redirect at RIGVIR which goes to lv:Viroterapija. The first external link on the Latvian page (which I have just updated using archive.org) is a presentation which includes a photo apparently showing RIGVIR in use. The page has a ResearchGate link about RIGVIR with an English title; I have not registered on that site, so can't see the page. http://inventions.lza.lv/izg_en.php?id=68 has information about RIGVIR in a brief page on the researcher Aina Muceniece. http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/latvija/389100-viruss_var_izarstet_vezi is a 2011 secondary source news story which is understandable in Google Translate. Together, these sources are probably sufficient to save the English page. – Fayenatic L ondon 19:42, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* FWIW, the last page includes this popular-science video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tloa2Dr3DYc which includes snatches of an interview with Prof Muceniece. It's not WP:RS but at least it is narrated/subtitled in English. – Fayenatic L ondon 20:07, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for commenting. For biomedical content, we use WP:MEDRS. If we don't have reliable medical sources, then it's possible we could have notability for a cultural article, but at present it seems like this article should be deleted, at least to me. Has anyone had an opportunity to access and check ? Biosthmors (talk) 21:03, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* On further inspection, I'm now inclined to agree. The official webpage claims Latvian medical approval in 2004, but I can't verify even that from the State Agency of Medicines of Latvia website. – Fayenatic L ondon 13:31, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
* Here you go. It says approval was granted in 2009, though. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 00:32, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Well done. Given the date, I found this Agency bulletin confirming the bare details (p 36). – Fayenatic L ondon 09:00, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hi guys, this Rigvir article struck me as odd as working within the field I had never heard of it. Earlier this week I looked for any independent source and like you I couldn't find anything. They appear to be marketing it in several European countries so I think the medicine should be regulated by the European Medicines Agency but nothing came up on a search of their site. The Latvian health authority's site also gave nothing so I'm not even sure this is a registered medicine at all. I have lodged an enquiry with the EMA for guidance on this medicine, specifically if it is a registered medicine, and whether any independent guidance has been published regarding it. I will let you know what they say. Viraltonic (talk) 21:12, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
* AfD
* Articles for deletion/RIGVIR. Biosthmors (talk) 22:46, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hmm. The Molecular Biology paper claims "In 2004, a patent was issued for Rigvir, and it was officially registered in Latvia, becoming the first enterovirus medication worldwide to complete the full cycle of clinical trials and to be applied in cancer therapy", which would constitute quite a claim of notability—but I don't think it meets the GNG requirement of "significant coverage in reliable, independent sources".
* The Latvian Virotherapy Centre website does provide a timeline and what appears to be efficacy and safety data, although 1) I can't read Latvian and 2) I don't think it would qualify as a MEDRS. I found the package leaflet and SPC quite easily through a cursory search of the State Agency of Medicines website, but they're also in Latvian. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 00:30, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
ECA stack and similar supplement articles
Not quite alternative medicine - but bodybuilding woo, fueled by broscience. This article is peppered with uncited medical claims about how effective and harmless the ECA stack supposedly is. I covered it in cn-tags yesterday - but are there any rules or guidelines about uncited medical claims of this sort? - David Gerard (talk) 10:56, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes we removed them (often place on the talk page). Less content is better than wrong content. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 13:41, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
Argus Retinal Prosthesis may discuss "artificial eyes" on Wikipedia's front page
There seems to be an entirely innocent, sensible, and unproblematic DYK nomination - to my inexperienced eyes - at Template:Did you know nominations/Argus Retinal Prosthesis.
Someone has wisely raised the issue that "it is on the fence between a medical article and about a product" and it may or may not need additional work to meet WP:MEDRS.
Any comments there would be appreciated. --Demiurge1000 (talk) 21:03, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Have commented. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 22:27, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
Do we need a WP:NTHERAPEUTIC?
This is an issue that intersects with my vague interest in off-label use and how we present that information. Over the last week or so there has been a good deal of activity around oncolytic viruses, as noted above. One of the therapeutics at issue has, as the majority of its information, a bunch of clinicaltrials.gov entries and a data release by the manufacturer about the study. Normally, i would be inclined to send this to AfD, and if the article only contained its scientific component it would not be an issue.
Non-scientific/medical press though, frequently from the business world, often latches on to these things at very early stages, which can provide enough WP:RS for a keep. (Not that I see this as inherently bad.) Further complicating this are the following trends:
* Business press has a tendency to hype a new therapeutic as promising
* There are already precedents for insider trading based on study results, suggesting a very strong monetary incentive to promote new therapies before they are approved
* The strong pro-PR and pro-paid-editing contingent on WP
Are there policies I'm missing regarding this sort of thing, that would apply to the medical and scientific notability of a new therapeutic, and provide guidance for editors working on articles about new therapies? I can sort of see the contours of a policy in WP:MEDRS, particularly its guidance on primary versus secondary sources, but I feel like it could be clarified or made more explicit, specifically as it pertains to new therapeutics. This is of course particularly important in cancer, where there are thousands of ongoing trials. My sense is that sometimes cancer therapeutics don't get approval until long after they are in widespread use.
If this sort of thing is seen as being useful I will start an RfC, but I wanted to discuss it here first. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 18:55, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
* If an article is sourced solely or largely to press releases from the manufacturer and clinicaltrials.gov entries, then I would feel very comfortable sending it to AfD. We're not a clinical-trials directory, so clinicaltrials.gov listings aren't really evidence of notability for a standalone article. And press releases are, at best, useful as carefully framed adjuncts to independent, reliable secondary sources. As far as amending WP:MEDRS, I'm wary of being too prescriptive, but would you be comfortable pointing out the articles that triggered your concern? MastCell Talk 18:56, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* Talimogene laherparepvec Is what prompted it, but it seems like it could describe a general case for things that are seen as cutting-edge or unproven science, but have nevertheless gotten some RS press. At that point, I think it's fine to send it to AfD, but in case it does get kept, having clear guidelines on how to separate out the notability and sourcing of the science versus the lay press will be helpful for other editors. I'm not thinking of us here, but the newer editors who may not be totally plugged into the WP:MED folks. Another example that comes to mind is Stem cell educator. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 19:34, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* GFT505 and GW 501516 are similarly non-notable in terms of medicine and MEDRS sourcing, from my perspective. The latter is particularly contentious. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 18:30, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* GW 501516 is a failed drug which is incredibly important from a research perspective as the first (and perhaps the last) pure PPARδ agonist that has been tested in humans. In addition, it continues to be used as a research tool to probe the function of PPARδ. Finally it has started to be used illicitly by athletes as a performance enhancing drug. For these reasons, I believe that the article is notable. Furthermore I would argue that much of the article falls more within the scope of WP:PHARM than WP:MED (note: pharmacology is not just the sum of all drugs, but also includes the study of drugs). I would also argue that drugs in clinical trials, particularly first in class drugs, merit a place in Wikipedia even though they may lack for the moment MEDRS compliant sourcing. As these drugs are not yet available for general use, I believe that they more properly fall within the scope of WP:PHARM than WP:MED. Boghog (talk) 19:23, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* My contention is that when one makes statements about safety or efficacy in humans, that seems straightforwardly to be about medicine rather than pharmacology per se. I am trying to be mindful of the audience here too, and my impression is that there are a great deal more people coming to WP for health information than there are to look up a research chemical, if nothing else just based on the size of the potential audiences.
* Since WP is intended as an encyclopedia for a general audience, I think that mention of clinical trials should be limited to, at most, the straightforward reporting that there are x, y, and z trials going on or completed, without any kind of elaboration of additional detail (and that is often where peacock words and overreaching claims creep in). My preference would be to limit mention of clinical trials only to those which have been reported in other WP:RS, i.e. those in the lay press. In the latter case, it might be useful to collapse all the clinical trial information into a simple url in an external links section to search clinicaltrials.gov for the particular drug at issue. People who actually need/want to see that information are thus directed to it, but it doesn't clutter up the article with a lot of potentially misleading-to-the-lay-reader stuff. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 19:36, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* for the record, i do not dispute the notability of at least GW 501516. I'm still rather on the fence about GFT505. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 19:38, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I have grave concerns about the GW 501516 article. It appears that the authors of the article are content to source to single primary studies and news reports statements such as:
* "GW-501516 has a synergistic effect when combined with AICAR: the combination has been shown to significantly increase exercise endurance in animal studies more than either compound alone." (in the lead)
* "... it increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue and increases muscle gene expression, especially genes involved in preferential lipid utilization. This shift changes the body's metabolism to favor burning fat for energy instead of carbohydrates or muscle protein, potentially allowing clinical application for obese patients to lose fat effectively without experiencing muscle catabolism or the effects and satiety issues associated with low blood sugar."
* The article is making medical claims and drawing inferences. MEDRS applies and needs to be enforced. This is not a question of notability: it is a question of what is written in Wikipedia's voice based on primary sources. More comments are needed on the talk page to make the position clear for when full protection is removed. --RexxS (talk) 20:30, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I wholeheartedly agree with your concerns about this particular article, but I am convinced that this is a widespread phenomenon as regards novel therapeutics. GW 501516 is just a particularly obvious example. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 20:37, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* The article is making medical claims and drawing inferences – false. GW501516 is a failed drug not approved for human use. The animal studies are relevant from a molecular biology and pharmacology standpoint because of what it teaches about PPARδ function. Hence WP:SCIRS applies and not WP:MEDRS. Boghog (talk) 21:14, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I agree that there are some issues of scope that need to be more clearly defined, both in regards to this article and the general case (not simply drugs but also e.g. therapeutic viruses, devices, or biologics). I think that it's perfectly reasonable to apply WP:SCIRS to one section, and WP:MEDRS to another. I could imagine things getting a little difficult in the lead though, which is why I think there is a need for guidance. Perhaps N is not the appropriate guideline to subclass this under, but I'm open to suggestions. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 21:23, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Those are medical claims and fall under MEDRS. It matters not one jot how you wikilawyer "failed drug"; statements which make the claims that I highlighted above need more than primary studies to support them. --RexxS (talk) 23:19, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Where did I say that secondary sources were not needed? Furthermore the editors on that page were already in the process of upgrading the sourcing before your comments. I was primarily defending the inclusion of animal studies in the article. I do agree that the text does need to be edited to make clear that these are animal and not human studies. Boghog (talk) 07:19, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* When you state "The article is making medical claims and drawing inferences – false". There are no reliable secondary sources discussing GW 501516, so there should be no medical claims (or "biomedical assertions" if you prefer the phrase used in WP:IRS). Once you start using primary studies on animals to make claims of using up fat, weight loss, extending endurance, etc. you are on a slippery slope to seeing the claims made unqualified and there is not the evidence to support that. Why do we need to reference animal studies in that article? If you want to tell the story of "a failed drug which is incredibly important from a research perspective as the first (and perhaps the last) pure PPARδ agonist that has been tested in humans", then please assemble the sources to justify that narrative. The article at present is nothing like that and consists of multiple unsustainable claims of mechanism and effect - presumably in humans - and it needs to be gutted of that content. --RexxS (talk) 20:42, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* "claims of using up fat, weight loss, extending endurance, etc." in animals should not be considered "medical claims" unless the article is worded so nebulously that the reader is misled into thinking they apply to people. From MEDRS: Where in vitro and animal-model data are cited on Wikipedia, it should be clear to the reader that the data are pre-clinical, and the article text should avoid stating or implying that the reported findings necessarily hold true in humans. The level of support for a hypothesis should be evident to the reader.
* To use a specific example from GW 501516, "GW-501516 also increases muscle mass, which improved glucose tolerance and reduced fat mass accumulation even in mice fed a very high fat diet, suggesting that GW-501516 may have a protective effect against obesity." is indeed an unacceptable "medical claim". Conversely, "In mice fed a very high fat diet, GW-501516 was found to increase muscle mass, which improved glucose tolerance and reduced fat mass accumulation." isn't, or shouldn't be, as the pre-clinical, basic research, animal study nature of the evidence is abundantly clear. (It may, of course, be synthesis, which is a whole other issue and equally unacceptable.) Fvasconcellos (t·c) 22:27, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* But what about "The level of support for a hypothesis should be evident to the reader." The source for either formulation of those statements is apparently a single primary study from 2004. It doesn't get much weaker than that, yet "In mice fed a very high fat diet, GW-501516 was found to increase muscle mass, which improved glucose tolerance and reduced fat mass accumulation." would also be a sensible formulation for a fact derived from a well-established recent secondary review. How is the level of support evident to the reader when we baldly state in Wikipedia's voice an assertion that has (as far as I know) only a single, eight year-old primary study as a source? We used to have a guideline called assert simple facts which suggested that "facts" in Wikipedia are those which are sourced to undisputed, reliable secondary sources. When we give the same treatment to such weak sourcing as that statement enjoys, we are doing no favours to the readers or the encyclopedia. --RexxS (talk) 23:03, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
I think this particular article (GW 501516) is certainly contentious, but personally I am more interested in trying provide some policy guidance for these sorts of situations. Would anyone be willing to help me draft something in a sandbox? -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 22:41, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
Health
the content and naming of health department and list of health ministries is being discussed. See the discussions at talk:health department -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:20, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* The World Health Organization probably has documents that can be used as sources to help address this. As a matter of course the wording "health department" is used to refer to subregional state health agencies, at least in the field of public health, so it probably shouldn't be equated with health ministry. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 22:32, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
University of Toronto psychology class
Regulars here will have been aware of a megaclass (1700 students) being set assignments on Wikipedia. Psychology and neuroscience articles are the most frequently targeted. If you wondered why your watchlist went crazy around the 22nd of March this year, it was this semester's class scrambling to write something before the deadline. The Education noticeboard has been discussing student edits for a time but this class has been a problem for years. See Education noticeboard and Education noticeboard for recent talk. We have once again asked the Prof to stop and to talk to us. You may wish to review the evidence concerning this class and consider what we, as a Community, should do about past edits and about potential future edits by this class. Colin°Talk 18:37, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* Ah. That explains a recent edit to Epileptic seizure that added a citation accessible solely through U of T servers. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 18:49, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
Consciousness-based healthcare
Main concerns are the evidence section which contains stuff such as: "In a controlled, double-blind study of a practitioner of Therapeutic Touch (which involves focused intention on the part of the practitioner, not physical touch), 13 of 23 human subjects experienced complete healing of their surgical wounds by the sixteenth day of the study. None of the control group (non-treatment) subjects had healed in that time frame." This is from the September 1990 issue of Subtle Energies, the maiden issue of the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Subtle Energy and Energy Medicine (ISSSEEM). (see. As regards this specific claim, I find it's been challenged at. Dougweller (talk) 11:22, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* Attunement has similar problems, with claims that "some of the foundational Attunement practices, such as the healing impact of words and the benefit of energy medicine in distant healing show positive results in scientific studies." with 3 citations that don't look like scientific studies. Dougweller (talk) 13:32, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* I just restored the previous redirect for the Consciousness-based healthcare article. IRWolfie- (talk) 14:03, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
Some of our best articles
User:SandyGeorgia has not edited for a couple of months. These means the articles she has worked to help bring to FA are less watched. I have protected Asperger syndrome. Is there other pages that need help? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:12, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* Her FAs (Samuel Johnson, Early life of Samuel Johnson, and Tourette syndrome) are fairly low-profile; I watch them, and they're in good shape.
* Autism is semi-protected but could use more watchers (and less class projects).
* PANDAS and Autism spectrum, two articles she did a lot of work on which are not FAs, both see a fair amount of IP vandalism and may benefit from protection. Maralia (talk) 16:03, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* I also watch all of the above except PANDAS and Autism spectrum. I don't think either warrants semiprotection (low edit rate) but both would certainly benefit from pending changes. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 16:35, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
Researcher Dick Swaab
Hi. I stumbled upon several article edit where Dick Swaab have been written into the articles one way or the other. While there may be good reasons for including his research results it always includes the name of the author, which is not that common on Wikipedia. The edits are done by either one of two IPs or Hazelares, who only seems to either work on the Dick Swaab article or articles related to his work, where his name is written into the article (could be a work-, home-pc and a registered user or three different people. I can not tell). It seems a bit like self-promotion (or promotion of third party), but maybe done in good faith. When writing scientific articles it is quite common to write; "in a study by person1 et al", but there seems to be a consensus not to do it here...
I have no idea how to proceed with this issue if it is even an issue. Would somebody else take a look at it. I can see that User:Flyer22 have already reverted some of the edit, see User talk:Hazelares.
I will write on Hazelares´s talk page that I started this discussion, so it does not go on behind his/hers back. But if somebody could have a look at some of the edits, give there input or in any other way help out... please do so, since I have no experience with this kind of situation. JakobSteenberg (talk) 21:57, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* I have noted this as well. There is clearly some undue promotion going on, but it has only touched a few articles so far, as far as I can see. Looie496 (talk) 23:15, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* The article about Swaab is very poor indeed. It was declined recently at AfC for lack of reliable sources. Currently it is a glorified CV of his life and work. I've removed some of the obvious inappropriate parts. He may well be notable (maybe sources in Dutch?) but currently the article is a bit perilous! Sionk (talk) 23:26, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
Xrays
It appears that a number of commons admins including User:Fastily and User:MichaelMaggs are interpreting the law around X rays such that X rays uploaded by patients are to be deleted. Per and and. No one has any idea who owns the copyright and even if X-rays are copyrightable. IMO a patient has just as much right to upload as anyone else. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:37, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* IANAL but how on Earth could an X-ray ever meet the threshold of originality? This should be brought to the attention of Foundation counsel. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 16:38, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* It has been here . This ref however says they are not copyrightable as does this ref . Not sure if I want to be the test case though. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 17:02, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* Here is a reassuring bit "The Copyright Office takes the position that X-rays are not copyrightable because they are mechanical" (there is a better ref in a textbook). Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 22:05, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* A note at the top of meta:Wikilegal/Copyright of X-Ray Images encourages people to improve the page. Does someone want to add these sources to it? WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:54, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
At (already cited above) it talks about the case law that would presumably be applied to X-ray images, in light of past photo cases. In light photography the issue is a spark of originality, which arrises in posing, composition, figuring out exposure, lighting, etc. All those things the tech has to do to take a good portable X-ray in an ICU. The bar to originality is low-- if light photography is the standard, then putting an extra pillow behind a patient, or turning up the kVP for the fat guy, are enough. If you think getting a really good CXR is easy to do, you've never done it-- particularly with one of those old machines. It's far more difficult to take a good chest X-ray of an ICU patient than take a photo of a him with a modern digital camera that does everything for you but turn itself on. Of course, this varies from case to case. Getting a chest x-ray in a modern digital suite is pretty mechanical-- about as much as a traffic stoplight photo. But let me give an illustrative example or originality: there are few photographic images more famous than Roentgen's X-ray of his wife's hand. Keeping the wedding ring on, so you see it on her skeletal finger, makes that image. You know? It's NOT mechanical. That one was art. And some of those films even today are art. I've taken many an X-ray with an old machine, followed by emulsion development, and I know. If it's hard, it must be art. ;) S B Harris 01:03, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
Mushrooms for mesothelioma
I have a dispute with another editor regarding suitability of a reference. Please comment here. Axl ¤ [Talk] 11:18, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* As of now, this has two replies and that may be sufficient. Blue Rasberry (talk) 13:20, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
Hereditary cancers
An interesting new review at may be useful in these articles. LeadSongDog come howl! 13:18, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
Snare technique
Some input from this WikiProject at Articles for deletion/Snare technique (2nd nomination) would be welcome. Specifically, is it likely that we'll ever have articles at Snare device, Snare technique (surgery) or Snare cautery? These are all long-standing redlinks, since 2007 until recently. ] Or, are there already articles to which they should be redirected? Andrewa (talk) 13:47, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
Diving medicine expansion
I am working on expanding Diving medicine and would appreciate constructive comments and suggestions at the talk page. Contributions to the article welcome too, of course. (note: my background is in diving, not medicine) Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:00, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
* User:RexxS is our local expert in Scuba medicine. I practiced hyperbaric medicine for a while but now live in an area without a chamber. Anyway specific questions? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:20, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Mainly if the article is OK with MEDMOS, but anything that would improve the article would be good. RexxS knows I am busy with it and has made a few comments, we often discuss diving related topics, but I wasn't aware that RexxS was considered the local expert on diving medicine. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:43, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
* I'm just an amateur dabbler. The real diving medicine expert is Gene Hobbs - but you already knew that, Peter :) Cheers --RexxS (talk) 17:12, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
A group of IPs attempting to push in a primary research paper
These IPs have added a primary research paper 4 times to this article when the content is supported by a systematic review already. I assume that these are the authors. Thoughts? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:21, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* I have reverted the most recent edit. Can an admin please consider semi-protecting the article? (I would suggest not Doc James, to avoid accusations of bias.) Axl ¤ [Talk] 22:36, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* There seems to be a theme running. this too inserts a ref with the same author on a closely related topic, and the editing IP is also consistent with that author. This raises the specter of COI, Sock, and UNDUE issues, too.LeadSongDog come howl! 22:51, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* I have formally requested page protection. Axl ¤ [Talk] 23:10, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* This is level 4 evidence from a study that has literally just been published and refers to a very specific patient population—it doesn't belong in the article at all. I don't think WP:SOCK is an issue here (WP:MEAT may be, though). I think discussion with the latest IP is certainly warranted. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 23:41, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* I've fully protected the article for 10 days. This is not the place this discussion should be happening, that should be on the article's talk page. You can link from there to here if necessary. Putting the discussion here means that the IP concerned does not have a chance to get involved. Ged UK 11:24, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
* Now that the wrong version has been protected, can someone fix it please? Axl ¤ [Talk] 13:21, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
* Agree with all above that the primary study is inappropriate and should be removed. Yobol (talk) 15:00, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
PSA screening guidelines
A SPA,, has today been consistently attempting to make edits to pages like Prostate cancer, and significantly, also to USPSTF. He or she is taking issue with the screening guidelines. I have been working on engagement via their talk page, but more eyes may be needed; allegations of censorship, though subsequently retracted, have already been thrown around. -- [ UseTheCommandLine ~/ talk ] # _ 00:52, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
Discussion at Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2013_March_22#Category:Healthcare_policy_in_the_United_States
You are invited to join the discussion at Categories_for_discussion/Log/2013_March_22. Obi-Wan Kenobi (talk) 14:43, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* This rename discussion seems to have just closed after having been open for a while. The consensus was to rename Category:Healthcare policy in the United States to Category:Health policy in the United States. Blue Rasberry (talk) 15:48, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
More eyes on Anesthesiologist please
There has been a persistent addition of non-neutral content by the same IP for months. See here and page history, this has been ongoing since July 2012, stating that anesthesiologists have lower intelligence than orthopedic surgeons. Thanks. Yobol (talk) 13:42, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* What do you call two orthopaedic surgeons looking at a head CT? A double-blind study.
* What are the Anesthesiology written boards like? Pages and pages of crossword puzzles.
* I'll see myself out... Fvasconcellos (t·c) 14:23, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* Nice. Now watching. It was a pleasant surprise to see the study cited by the IP was a humorous one. As was the only publication to cite it (a paragraph). Biosthmors (talk) 18:21, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* Watchlisted. Also, be on the lookout for editors referencing the article Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials to add content to Parachute casting doubt on their effectiveness. 03:59, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
Flu shot
There's a dispute about due weight at Influenza vaccine. posted at complaint at WP:RSN, but it's not really the correct forum for the question. WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:01, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* That article is not in bad shape overall, but it could use some editing. Axl has linked to a review that could be used to expand and update the effectiveness section. I'd also rename the "Side effects" section to "Safety" and move it above "History". Perhaps I'll do that myself if I feel like wading into the mess. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 01:45, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
Would this be an appropriate article for wikipedia?
Fascial spaces of the head and neck
...or would that be too essay-ish and unencyclopedic? If yes, perhaps that is not the best title... maybe Tissue spaces in the head and neck. I would intend it to be a parent article for all the pages we have for these potential spaces/compartments. Some are still missing, I am adding them...e.g. submandibular space etc. Alternatively could we at least have a new template, because I can't find a template that currently includes them all...Template:Digestive tract or Template:Mouth anatomy are probably the closest. Lesion ( talk ) 09:46, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* Yes. I would love such an article and think it definitely have a place on wikipedia. It could be set up like the human anatomy part of hip bone or most of diabetes mellitus where each space have a section with a link to the main article.
* But it falls in under WikiProject Anatomy rather than Medicine. We are only semi-active, but you can also post your question there. I am unsure what the proper name of such an article should be. I have not been able to find a template either, but the creation of one could be a good idea. Especially since there can be more than one template at the bottom of the page. JakobSteenberg (talk) 10:09, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for your fast response and the pointers to those articles I can use as a guide.
* Not 100% this is "pure" anatomy, since these spaces do not exist in health, they are created only when pathology dissects tissue planes which are not supposed to be separated...I will tag the talk pages with both wikiprojects. The creation of a template is a bit beyond my abilities, so I'll just create the articles for now and then chase that up later. Thanks, Lesion ( talk ) 10:28, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* Okay. When you get to the template part I will gladly try to help you. I have not made one before either, but I would like to give it a try (it should be doable if we borrow the code from another and just change the text). Happy editing. JakobSteenberg (talk) 10:44, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
Students editing sexuality, biology and hormone articles related to physical and mental health
Some of you already know that we seemingly have a higher influx of students editing such articles, especially psychology articles, this year. I've guided some editors, such as this one, and more help from this project is definitely needed on this matter.
Very recently, I've tweaked the edits of, and guided, these two editors: and
There are some articles that I'm either not heavily involved in editing or don't edit at all, and these articles could use more WP:MED eyes to assess whether some of the additions to these articles are appropriate (whether there are grammar or other formatting issues, irrelevant additions, WP:UNDUE additions, additions relying too heavily or solely on WP:PRIMARY SOURCES, or additions that have plagiarism problems). The Sexual dysfunction article, which I edit sparingly thus far, is a good candidate. And so is the Hormone replacement therapy (menopause) article, which I never edited until today (April 7th, non-Wiki time, to clean up some things), and the Androgen deprivation therapy article. A few of you are already watching the Female genital mutilation article, and it may be best to wait until the students are done editing that article (whenever that is) until substantial cleanup takes place at that article; still, there has been general cleanup going on at that article following student edits, and SlimVirgin, who is a regular editor of that article, has done substantial cleanup of it following student edits.
Anyway, thank you for any help you are willing to provide. Flyer22 (talk) 00:32, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* The main issue appears to be the use of primary and low quality secondary sources at Androgen deprivation therapy. A couple of the refs though are good and there appears to be proper paraphrasing. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:06, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for some feedback, James. Flyer22 (talk) 05:05, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Breast cancer
Further eyes here could be helpful. An editor wishes to add "warning labels" to articles. And is removing the conclusions of a recent review. They are also trying to portray a Cochrane pamphlet as an update of a Cochrane review. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:38, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Nutraceuticals Dietary Supplements
I have just encountered this word and it is exactly what I have been searching for as a replacement for the use of "alternative medicine", especially when taking about evidence proven herbal treatments. I notice on PubMed that there are 41,632 articles when searching for this term. I don't know how we determine that a term has reached consensus, though it appears that this is a term that is used in the accepted medical literature. Therefore, the request is: Can we use the title "Nutraceuticals" for herbal and vitamin treatments?Sthubbar (talk) 10:08, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Does the definition of this term differ from the definition of CAM? It might not be appropriate to usurp the other term if this word means something different. Also to balance the argument it would be good to hear how many pubmed articles use the term CAM and related... Lesion ( talk ) 10:42, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Sorry if I don't understand the problem with the term "alternative medicine". We already have naturopathy a huge category with Category:Alternative medical systems with all natural treatments and special types of medicine like chinese, unani, etc. What for a new neologism?? "nutraceuticals" from nutrition? treatment through nutrition? Personally I don't agree with neologisms. I already saw lots of new words in Portuguese created by Brazilians with base in translated English words. This is annoying and separate people who speak the same language. I know that we speak about a technical term but anyway I think we don't need a new term. With Internet, languages spoken everywhere, like Portuguese and English, full of neologisms will become in a near future a new edition of babel tower. No one want this. We all want a strong, unified, English language. I want the same for Portuguese :) Doc Elisa ✉ 12:30, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* DocElisa, you may have missed the discussion above. The problem with "alternative medicine" is that it from a purely Western/American viewpoint that many of these treatments are "Alternative". If Wikipedia is to be a global source of human knowledge, than I suggest we try and avoid skewing things from one country's/area's perspective where possible. Above, the arguement was that "alternative medicine" is culturally biased and ther is no alternative term available in the Western medical literature. Naturpathy is something completely different than Nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals is a culture neutral term that is widely used in the western medical literature.Sthubbar (talk) 13:24, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* The term "nutraceutical" is much narrower in scope than "alternative medicine", and as a neologism coined by a U.S. physician (I won't go into the [de]merits of his work), is by no means "culture-neutral". There are dozens of CAM practices out there that would not be covered by this term even in its broadest meaning (here is a proposed definition for convenience) and its use as a substitute for CAM would thus be original research. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 14:00, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I would say that Nutraceutical refers to a treatment modality where normal nutrients are used in a form that makes it a drug. It certainly does not extend to all other forms of complimentary medicine. The trouble with this entire nomenclature thing is that "alternative" medicine can become mainsteam medicine when the evidence base is sufficiently firm.
* I think we should call a treatment modality "complimentary" or "alternative" if sources say so. JFW | T@lk 14:03, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I didn't miss it, I have read, and I understand what you say and your idea. But I think that it's not a reason to create new words. Is not only purely Western/American viewpoint, in Europe we use the same word "Medicina alternativa" in Portuguese and Spanish, Alternativmedizin in Germ., French call it "Médecine non conventionnelle" but they didn't create a new word. Word creation in language evolution concept is something with a high responsibility and needs the agreement of a linguistic academy IMO. But may be I'm too rigorous ... Doc Elisa ✉ 14:10, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Let me clarify, I am not proposing Nutraceuticals=Alternative Medicine and that it replace that term. It would be used for herbs, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Many things like acupuncture and TCM would still be listed as CAM until another term is found in the literature. @JFW, your suggestion is hard to follow. What do we do when one review article calls an herb "alternative" and other says "nutraceutical"? @DocElisa, I'm trying to reread what you wrote and understand and I must be missing something. I was always told that Western includes Europe, Portugal, Spain, Germany and France. Of course "alternative" is not offensive to those because they are exactly the groups that consider these treatments as alternative. Furthermore, this is not a new term. It is already used in over 41,000 articles cited in PubMed. I accepted the argument before that there was no other term that was accepted in the literature. It appears to me that Nutraceuticals is a term that is accepted. Do you agree that this term is used in the literature?Sthubbar (talk) 14:29, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I didn't understood western as a synonym of Europe, sorry, as I live here is not western for me :). Nowadays is very important to coin terms. "Dr Stephen DeFelice coined the term “Nutraceutical” from “Nutrition” ..." Is crazy as people feel important when they coin terms! In a congress at Berlim, 2002 I have presented the "Lower legs venous ultrasonography" and I have projected a slide for fun... this one: . It was for fun... now this sign is described in a book and in lots of papers published by others! They have coined a sign! Nice they are much more important now, their "Ego" is better now ... Doc Elisa ✉ 16:02, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* =D please tell me sonic hedgehog signalling pathway is somehow involved with the Mickey mouse sign... Lesion ( talk ) 16:26, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* I don't think so, is just an fun echographic image Doc Elisa ✉ 16:47, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Neutraceutical does not mean alt med but would generally be a type of alt med. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:16, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
Doc Elisa, I don't see why the importance of the origin of terms is of any relevance. Language is fluid. I have seen no rules on Wikipedia about being able to use terms based on their origin. The primary criteria that has been previously stressed is consensus. I checked on PubMed for "Mickey Mouse Sign" and found 4 articles so that term seems to be lacking consensus. Nutraceuticals has 41,000+ references. This indicates to me consensus. All of the respondents seem to be missing/avoiding the key question. The previous argument for being forced to use the term CAM or "Alternative" was because of lack of consensus on any other term. I accepted that argument until I found another term that appears to me to have consensus. Nutraceuticals appears to have consensus in the general literature and I request permission to use that term to describe nutritional items, like vitamins, herbs and minerals used as drugs. Is that approved or not? If not approved, why?Sthubbar (talk) 23:09, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Is not about consensus is about the term. Can you explain what is the difference between it and natural medicine? I agree with Doc James Nutraceutical is a type of alt Med.
"Dr Stephen DeFelice coined the term “Nutraceutical” from “Nutrition” and “Pharmaceutical” in 1989. The term nutraceutical is being commonly used in marketing but has no regulatory definition" citation from Doc Elisa ✉ 23:30, 31 March 2013 (UTC) Mickey mouse sign is just an image in a very specific location and in a relative new examination, so there is few articles yet, is normal Doc Elisa ✉ 23:24, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* Doc Elisa, thank you for the informative article. How about the term "Dietary Supplement" than? Is that a term, as defined by DSHEA in the article you provided, that can be used?Sthubbar (talk) 01:36, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* I think you're missing the main point, which is that alt med includes things that are not eaten. Shining a colored light at someone who's sick is "alt med". Light bulbs cannot possibly be either a dietary supplement or a nutraceutical.
* Also, you dislike the title 'alternative', but many of its adherents believe that the differentiation from conventional (NB: not just "Western") medicine is highly desirable. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:47, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* WhatamIdoing, thank you for the response. I think I understand your confusion. You may have assumed I intend to replace the term "Alt Med" with "Dietary Supplements". My apology, I only intend to allow putting herbal, vitamin, and mineral treatments under "Diet. Supl." and put your colored lights example under "Alt Med." "Dietary Supplements" appears to be a term used in Western literature and an accepted defined medical term with consensus. Based on this, can we use the term "Dietary Supplements" in Wikipedia medical articles to specify treatments with herbs, vitamins and minerals? If not, why not?Sthubbar (talk) 04:05, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* The neutraceutical article could do with some expansion, but not original research by making a new definition. I support following what term the majority of sources are using, and it would have been good to provide numbers of pub med papers using the words "alt med" etc, otherwise the number of times "neutraceutical" is used is meaningless. I strongly suspect that the terms "diet supplement", "herbal medicine" etc etc are all in much more common use than neutraceutical. I also think that these terms are better understood. As per WP's MOS, we should title pages based upon the common name, and not based upon the views of one editor who dislikes the most commonly used term. Wikipedia is not a platform for discussions of renaming commonly used terms, we must be accurate and reflect what the majority of sources say and leave our own opinions behind when we edit. Lesion ( talk ) 10:49, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* If there is to be a choice between "dietary supplement" and "herbal medicine", I'd prefer the former. The hormone melatonin is often included in either. It can by a stretch be called a dietary supplement; it is definitely not herbal. (It is, of course, the FDA's fault that melatonin is called a dietary supplement at all.) Hordaland (talk) 12:04, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* Vitamins would be dietary supplements but not herbal remedies. I would not consider most herbal remedies to be supplement if you are not already getting them in your diet. "Supplement" means to add to what you are already taking. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 13:09, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
Doc James, as has been told to me many times, it is not up to how I, or you define terms, it is how some controlling body defines it. If you check out the link provided by Doc Elisa above, herbals, vitamins and minerals are all clearly and explicitly included in the definition of "Dietary Supplements". @Lesion, your comment seems off topic. I am not talking about renaming any pages. I'm am specifically asking if within medicine articles under the treatment or management section if it is acceptable to have a sub-heading of "Dietary Supplements" and include under this the items, as defined in the link provided by Doc Elisa above? If not approved, why not?Sthubbar (talk) 13:17, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* The FDA might be a better definition to follow: . If we include "vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids," etc. under a heading called dietary supplements I do not have a problem with that, as long as the information is notable (i.e. commonly used), and reflects the highest quality available evidence, e.g. not presenting as equally effective a herbal remedy with little or no evidence of efficacy next to another treatment which has a robust evidence base and is commonly used. Lesion ( talk ) 14:45, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* Although the FDA definition of "drug" would have some overlap with some things in that list .. Lesion ( talk ) 14:50, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* These days, "dietary supplement" is normally used to indicate a US-specific regulatory status. WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:46, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
OK, Lesion has cast the second vote that it is acceptable use the term "Dietary Supplements" based on the FDA definition for products with reliable secondary sources to support their efficacy. WhatamIdoing, we are using the FDA definition (Though I don't know why the US regulatory agency has any more weight than any other country, or independent reliable texts, beside the fact that the majority of Wikipedia editors and readers are probably from that country.) Is it acceptable or not to use the term "Dietary Supplements" as a sub-heading under treatments?Sthubbar (talk) 06:06, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* It is acceptable to use the term how? And this is not really a vote. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:40, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* Sthubbar, it would be good to compare the definitions of dietary supplement from different parts of the world. I suggested FDA because I thought it would be a better source than the earlier source to use.
* WhatamIdoing, are you saying it would be better to follow a more medical definition rather than a regulatory definition?
* DocJames, I understand the proposal to be to place all those things (see FDA definition for an example list) which fall within the definition of "dietary supplement" in a likewise named subsection of "treatment/management". This would not exempt this section from the same MEDRS& MOS standards as the rest of the article, so if there is acceptable evidence of e.g. a herbal product being of some use, and it is a notable use (i.e. widely used) and a suitable reference can be found, then I would think this is fine. It may be that some articles already have a dietary supplementation section. I think Sthubbar is talking about a scenario where a treatment traditionally classed as alternative medicine, and falls within the definition of dietary supplement, has been shown to be of some benefit and therefore should be presented in the treatment section of articles. There is also the argument that use of traditional medicine in non-western cultures is not considered so alternative, which I can't comment on because I have only worked in one part of the world. Lesion ( talk ) 20:09, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* I think it would be preferable to follow a plain English definition. As I read the regulations (with a strobe light ), Vitamin C is a "dietary supplement" when you buy it over the counter for the purpose of general health and a "drug" when it's given to you by prescription for the purpose of treating scurvy.
* If your goal is to include information about Vitamin C (or things like it) in a disease-oriented article (e.g., Common cold), my suggestion for a section title is ===Self-care===, rather than trying to separate herbs from vitamins from neti pots. WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:44, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* But a dietary supplement can be prescribed to a sick patient, and maybe you should not equate "dietary supplement" with something purchased form a health food shop by the "worried well". Example, calorie supplementation in cachexia. Surely this is more dietary supplementation rather than drug? Basically you are proposing that dietary supplements are voluntary purchases made by a consumer and vitamin prescribed to a sick patient is a drug...I'm not sure I agree with that unless a source can be found...I think some examples can be both a dietary supplement and a drug at the same time according to these definitions by the FDA. Lesion ( talk ) 21:06, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
* As I understand it, extra food is not a "dietary supplement" under US law, even though it is intended to supplement the person's diet. A special food containing a "dietary ingredient" is a dietary supplement, but the bar seems to be pretty high. Ensure drinks are commonly used for "dietary supplementation" in the sense you're using, but they're regulated as food, not dietary supplements. That's why I want to avoid using this term and instead use terms that do not have this kind of regulatory baggage. And, yes, Vitamin D bought over the counter is a "dietary supplement", and Vitamin D bought with a prescription from Banner Pharmacaps is a regulated drug. WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:04, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
WhatamIdoing, I think there is no way to avoid conflicting definitions as there is not "Earth" standards. It appears to me that "Dietary Supplements" is reasonably well defined and for those corner cases, they can be handled like anything else here, on the talk page and by consensus. As to your suggestion of "Self Care", I don't see how that is an options because under this would have to be every non-prescription medication, and I'm not sure there is any official definition anywhere of that term. @Doc James, I don't understand your question. The way I read Lesion responses is that he is accepting of the idea of using "Dietary Supplements" for such treatments that have quality references. That's what I count as a vote of support. I understand you may still resist the idea. Please help to clarify your specific objection. Thanks.Sthubbar (talk) 06:19, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* We have a lot of quality references that certain treatments do not work. Where would those go? For example omega 3 fatty acid supplementation is not effective for decreasing mortality per this 2012 systematic review and meta analysis. I am not supportive of dividing treatment section into if and how good the evidence is to support certain treatments. It is fairly clear what counts as surgery, what counts as medicine, what counts as psychological interventions, what counts as lifestyle changes and what counts as alt med. Yes sametimes there is overlap and editorial judgement needs to be used. I disagree with efforts attempting to "ban" the use of the term alt med (acupuncture and herbal remedies definitely fall under this rubric). Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 18:48, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* So give me an example of what you'd like to do. Pick an article (Common cold, if you can't think of any others) and tell me exactly what you'd like to add. Feel free to make up something; it's just a hypothetical example. What I'm looking for is a reason why a statement like "Some people suck on zinc tablets when they have a cold" needs to be under ===Dietary supplements=== instead of under ===Self-care===. WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:24, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
* Doc James and WhatamIdoing, you both seem to ask the same question "Where do we put dietary supplement treatments that don't work." This would be answered the exact same way as "Where do we put Western/pharmaceutical treatments that don't work." There is no need to come up with a new rule. I'm confident that Western, FDA approved, evidence based medicine is littered with treatments that either in the past were recommended or even people continue to use without evidence. How are these Western treatments currently treated. I would assume maybe 1) Completely left out of the article 2) Put in some section like "History" 3) Indicated clearly that there is conflicting evidence 3) Indicated that this is a popular treatment despite any lack of evidence. Nothing special, same rules for "Dietary Supplements".
* @Doc James, I don't understand your use of the term "rubric". My initial reaction is negative, so I checked the dictionary and it seems benign so I will assume good faith. A key point for me is that for many people "Alt Medicine" means non-Western, non-evidence based, faith based, old fashioned--In the same category as "The Farmer's Almanac", Horoscopes, and paranormal phenomena. Meaning well known things that the general scientific community seems to laugh at. For many "Dietary Supplements" this is completely wrong and unfair. The support for some herbs is extremely compelling and it is a disservice to the reader to put it in the same category as some holding hands therapy.
* @WhatAmIDoing, you can specifically look at the Rheumatoid Arthritis article. I am a new wiki editor and at first any reference I put to herbal treatmnts was quickly deleted by Doc James, even when I provided double blind study references. Doc James, politely and gently educated me about secondary sources, so I kept working and found reliable secondary sources. I thank Doc James for teaching me about how to contribute to Wiki, and you can see the article that there are several "Dietary Supplement" treatments that Doc James has agreed have compelling reliable secondary sources to support their treatment and has agreed to include them in the article, just under the "Alternative Medicine" heading. For the reasons I just said, it is a disservice to put these proven treatments under the heading "Alternative Medicine".Sthubbar (talk) 01:16, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
* I do not consider alt med to be negative. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:56, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
* I also don't think that alt med is a negative title, but why did you put things like Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and fish oil under ===Alt med=== and not under ===Self-care===? TENS is a conventional treatment, and omega-3s are widely accepted. WhatamIdoing (talk) 02:05, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* On the RA article, I also agree that the things for which there is apparently some evidence of efficacy should not be listed in a section called alt med. CAM = things that have not been proven to work, so it might be considered a negative title...do these modalities even meet the general definition of alt med? Not totally happy with "self care" suggestion, afterall there is a category already called "lifestyle"...how about simply "other measures"? Agree a section termed "dietary supplement" would also not be appropriate for some of these treatments. "Herbal medicines, dietary omega-3 fatty acids & vitamins" could all be argued to meet the FDA definition of dietary supplements though... Lesion ( talk ) 09:57, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
Doc James, thanks again for your response. The question is not if the term "Alt Med" does or does not offend Doc James. The question is what objection is there to using the term "Dietary Supplements". It seems that both Lesion and WhatamIdoing both see the downside of putting all herbal, vitamin and mineral supplements under "Alt Med." @Lesion/WhatamIdoing, I don't suggest we try introducing another title for the following reasons 1) All of the treatments that I am currently considers, except for TENS can be under the "Dietary Supplements" header and we can leave TENS under "Alt Med". 2) There is already the argument of trying to pick a term that has been defined somewhere, so even if we chose the FDA definition, that is acceptable to me. 3) Self-Care would include all OTC meds, and bandages or anything that could be bought without prescription so not really appropriate for the purpose of "Diet. Supp.".
Asking for the 3rd or 4th time,
Can we use the sub-title "Dietary Supplements" under "Management/Treatment" section of WP:Medicine articles? If not, please explain why. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sthubbar (talk • contribs) 23:12, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
* I don't see the downside to putting alternative medicine, like most herbal preparations, under the section heading of ===Alternative medicine===.
* But I'm going to ask for the second time: Why are you so determined to put conventional medicine (i.e., TENS) under ===Alternative medicine===?
* Also, why shouldn't all forms of self-care, including exercise, TENS, and dietary supplements, be put together? Why should 'self-care that comes in pill form on the vitamin aisle of the store' be separated from 'self-care that comes in pill form from the aspirin section of the same store' and why should both of those also be separated from 'self-care that doesn't come in pill form'? WhatamIdoing (talk) 14:51, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* This thread seems to be related to this thread below: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine -- Brangifer (talk) 04:26, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
Is it appropriate for a discussion of DSM to take up so much of Allen Frances biography?
Should a biography contain a history of DSM, much of which seems to have a POV? To me some statements may be factually incorrect. Don't know where else to get another point of view. According to a new editor, User:1boringoldman, the article has been changed to please Allen Frances. See Talk:Allen Frances, a to merge User:1boringoldman/sandbox with the Francis article. This is version Francis liked, according to the editor, and now it has been implemented with no discussion that I'm aware of. Star767 17:27, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* The only discussion is at User talk:1boringoldman/sandbox, where it was originally proposed to remove the version prior to 1boringoldman's, and mostly procedural in nature. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:01, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
* The article, after it was moved and replaced the existing article, was essentially gutted, as it consisted mostly of a rant against the dsm5. Nothing has happened since. The original editor of the sandbox article that replaced the existing one has disappeared. How is it that an article written apparently at the behest of Allen Francis replaced the existing article, without discussion as far as I know, except a "procedural" discussion in the sandbox as described above? Star767 03:38, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* Wikipedia is the encyclopedia that anyone can edit. That means that Wikipedia is the encyclopedia that the subjects of BLPs can edit, too. WhatamIdoing (talk) 14:52, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Could someone take a look at Pervasive refusal syndrome
I think Pervasive refusal syndrome was an article for a Toronto University class and has been abandoned by the student. Is it a legitimate topic, as it only relies mostly on one source and seems peculiar? Thanks, Star767 03:42, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* It seems both a legitimate topic AND peculiar. If you want me to PROD it, all I can say is that I would prefer not to. ;)) S B Harris 20:40, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* No, looking at it again it seems ok. Thanks for answering! Star767 00:34, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
Removing of evidence
We have a user who has removed a 2009 Cochrane review among others as it found it didn't work. Discussion is here Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 19:49, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
* That is a complete misrepresentation. Let's start with fact that you removed all of my edit based on a mistake because I MOVED a Cochrane review. The other Cochrane review was added by you, unknown to me, after you made the massive revert. I only removed that second Cochrane as an error of omission, in that I was just trying to recover all of my work after your mistake. I welcome you to go back and add back the second Cochrane review. I support removing treatments that are proven not to work.Sthubbar (talk) 00:38, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* No you removed a number of reviews in this edit here and that included the Cochrane review. Have replaced most of the rest of your subsequent edits already. Treatments that do not work yet are in common usage should be discussed. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 02:05, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Revert war at Osteoarthritis
Can we get a third input on the osteoarthritis page. 1) Doc James has made 5 reverts in 24hrs which I thought according to Three_revert_rule would cause auto 24 hr ban. 2) I have now made my 3rd revert and since DJ seems immune to the above rule, I assume he will make his 6th revert and I doubt I'm immune.
This started by DJ making a mistake and assuming I had removed a Cochrane reference pmid:20847017, he even mentions that in his revert. This reference was never removed, it was simply moved to a different place. After I was able to show him, the mistake, he now wants to change his story and say I need to get approval on the talk page before making edits. This is preposterous.
He keeps going back to a previous version that explicitly removes most of these treatments: avocado/soybean unsaponifiables[51], boswellic acid[52], cat's claw[53], curcumin[54], chondroitin[55][56], Devil's claw[57], glucosamine sulfate[58], S-Adenosyl methionine[59][60] and TENS.[61]. Each supported by secondary sources.
He now wants to say that some of the secondary sources are weak, OK, that's a different argument and I welcome him to individually remove any such treatment and we can judge if it is fair or not.
He also wants to add back in the previous discussion about unproven treatments. I don't see it to be the standard in medicine articles that we put an extensive discussion about all of the "Western" treatments that don't work. If treatments aren't supported by evidence or shown to be equal to placebo, then just leave them out of the article.
I welcome editing and improving of the OA article, I reject this complete deleting of the material I have added by improper and mistaken use of the revert function. Thanks for helpingSthubbar (talk) 00:03, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Sthubbar continues to removed this 19821296 which is a 2009 Cochrane review that found no evidence of benefit from TENS and replaced it with a 2007 review in the British Journal of Community Nursing from 2007 which comments on the limited evidence and states it may be beneficial to some. He has done this four times now here, , and . He has removed a number of other reviews as well. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:15, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* By the way many of these treatments were already discussed in the text he has removed and in greater detail. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:26, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Doc James, you seem to change the story each time. If you would just edit instead of revert we wouldn't have any issue. I am not trying to push TENS. the TENS reference I put was already accepted by you for the Rheumatoid Arthritis article so I'm shocked that you are just now bringing it up like I'm trying to sneak in some crappy article. #2 The article that I deleted, I think was for NEST and I did not realize that NEST and TENS are the same thing. If it is the case that NEST and TENS are the same and there is a newer study that says they don't work, then I support completely removing them from the treatments section. Just stop reverting and removing every change that I made.Sthubbar (talk) 00:38, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* If you read the systematic reviews you were removing than it would be clear. You have now removed a whole bunch of recent reviews and simplified that section so that it is misleading at best. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:47, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
How is it misleading. Here is what I have done: 1) Remove negative treatments. This is a violation of NPOV. If we are going to put negative Alt med treatments then we should include every negative Western treatment. As this isn't the case then I can't understand any problem with removing the negative information. So no problem here. 2) I removed the NEST treatment because of rule #1. I did not realize that NEST=TENS when I just added the TENS reference that you already accepted in the RA article. If you say you want to remove TENS, then I'm fine with that. 3) There is clear evidence that there is a distinct difference between Glucosamine HCL and sulfate. Any statement saying Glucosamine is ineffective, is misleading and unbalanced. It is more accurate to say Glucosamine HCL has a lack of support and Glucosamin sulfate shows promise or even good support. This was my intention of updating the glucosamine section. I admit it can be worded better. 4) The Cochrane study that you added after the major revert of all my changes was only removed by accident and I am perfectly fine with you putting it back in. 5) I added treatments that are supported by review articles. If you want to question them individually, that's also fine.
None of these issues warrant a complete revert of all the changes.
* 1) Yes we discuss negative treatments as long as they are well supported by evidence. 2) Yes NEST = TENS so we have solved that one 3) No there is not clear evidence that the two glucosamine forms are different only tentative evidence. 4) Great 5) The treatments you have added supported by reviews are mostly still there. They are all tentative at best. By the way all your changes have not been reverted. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 03:26, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Threats from Doc James
It looks like things are going downhill with the relationship between me and Doc James.
* Doc James puts a false statement on my talk page saying I have made 4 reverts. Sorry Doc James, check your math. 2 reverts + 1 undo = 3 reverts. It is Doc James that has made 5 reverts in 24 hours with no ban as I would expect by the rule.
* Doc James now puts a threatening comment on my page saying I have been warned and better stop editing the OA page. Let's see what am I editing.
* "Many alternative medicines are purported to decrease pain associated with arthritis." Absolutely no reference for this statement and of no use. Why don't we put in the statment "Many Western medicines are purported to decrease pain associated with arthritis."? A useless statement. Just put in the treatments that work.
* Next as has been said many times, there is no place in putting in treatments that don't work. If he insists on saying that Vitamin C doesn't work, then I will create a list of every "Western" medicine that doesn't work for OA. I guess I can start by listing Claritin as not working for OA.
* I don't have to get approval from Doc James on the talk page for these updates. I am contributing to the article with quality information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sthubbar (talk • contribs) 03:36, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Have reported user in question here. He has now removed the Cochrane review in question 5 times. I have made three reverts and leave it to others. There of course is no consensus for this continual removal of this review. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 03:39, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Somebody please ban Doc James for 24 hours as specified in Three_revert_rule.
* Why hasn't he been banned, he has now made 6 reverts in 24 hours. I thought the rule said that nobody was except form this rule.
* I have followed the rules. I only made 3 reverts, and brought the discussion here and another user made a decision and I accepted the other user's decision.
* I don't know the administrative procedures, but how the heck do we follow the wiki rules and ban Doc James for 24 hours from the OA page?Sthubbar (talk) 03:44, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* One of the refs in question states "many dietary supplements are claimed to provide pain relief for patients suffering from OA. Few clinical studies or review articleevaluate antioxidant and antiinflmmatory agents for the same" Thus there was a ref for the statement you removed. You asked for a ref in this edit yet deleted it in the edit before. Doc James (talk · contribs ·email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 03:39, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* @Sthubbar: If you create a list of every "Western" medicine that doesn't work for OA, then it will be removed immediately as original research. You must not disrupt Wikipedia to make a point. You need to learn that our job here is to accurately reflect with due weight what the reliable (preferably secondary) sources say. We also have strong advice to focus on the edits, not the editor, so please go back to the talk page and start assembling and discussing the secondary sources that support the edits you want to make. --RexxS (talk) 04:10, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Such a list would also be silly. Let's see: appendectomies don't work for OA, mastectomies don't help, antibiotics don't work...
* Sthubbar, I suggest that you read WP:BOOMERANG. WhatamIdoing (talk) 15:22, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Negative treatments
Is it the general policy of WP:Medicine to list every and all treatments that have every been considered for all diseased and not only list the treatments that work, but also list every treatment that has been show not to work?
My understanding is that medicine articles list the treatments that work. No need to include all of the treatments that have either been shown not to work, or have poor evidence.
Doc James is getting his pants all messed up because I'm removing a sacred Cochrane review. I'm not removing the review, I'm removing the fact that this review is only being used to show what treatments don't work.
If we accepting putting in what treatments that don't work, then we need to go through all medicine articles and put every prescription and OTC medicine that has ever been tried for all diseases and listing them. This would be balanced.
If we don't want to list every non-effective prescription and OTC medicine then we shouldn't be listing non-effective alt medicines.
What's good for the goose is good for the gander.Sthubbar (talk) 03:51, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* If you look at this article we state that cough medicine are not effective in children, we state antibiotics are not effective, we state that second generation antihistamines are not effective. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 03:54, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* (e/c) This is a misguided perspective. We include what the best-quality recent secondary sources, like Cochrane reviews, report. This sometimes includes findings for interventions that have been studied and found not to have an effect. They are important to include because the best-quality secondary sources report on them. That's the job of the secondary sources, they indicate not only the results of what was tested, but also what was tested. 03:57, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* @Sthubbar: Your understanding is flawed. We list treatments that are discussed prominently in reliable secondary sources: if the source says the treatment works, we say so; if the source says the treatment doesn't work, we say so. Go back to the principal sources for the article, read them and do your best to summarise what they say about the effectiveness of treatments. If you do that without preconceptions and acting in good faith, that will always be the surest way to avoid finding yourself in disputes. --RexxS (talk) 04:10, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
OK, I got it.Sthubbar (talk) 04:34, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Cannot recommend <> Not recommended
OK, it is the general negative and unfair characterization of the study. In particular, the Cochrane study says "We cannot recommend the use of..." which to me is a completely different statement than the OA statement of "These treatments are thus not recommended."
"Cannot recommend" is a neutral position saying that there is neither positive or negative evidence for the help or harm of the treatments.
"Not reommmended" is a negative statement implying harm to the treatments.
I reject this misrepresentation of the evidence.
Can we agree on this?Sthubbar (talk) 04:40, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* We really should be having this discussion at the article talk page, not here, but I'm not really seeing a significant semantic difference. What is your proposed wording? 04:59, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Zad there is a huge difference. "Cannot recommend" = 0 (zero) "Not recommended" = some negative number. So the case is
* (Cannot recommend Cochrane) 0 + (some other reliable review) + 0.1 = 0.1 (possible effect)
* (Not recommended Cochrane) -1 + (some other reliable review) + 0.1 = -0.9 (not recommended)
* My suggestion is the same as always, leave the info out as it provides no value. A zero is a zero. If it must be in as Doc James seems to insist them the wording would be "A 2012 review article found evidence to support the use of X. A 2010 review was unable to find enough evidence to recommend X."
* I don't even know why we would include the 2010 when it just is saying nothing that they didn't find enough evidence when a more recent article does find evidence, but anyway. This way of saying that Review A finds evidence and review B didn't find enough evidence, is fair. This is much different than saying Review A finds evidence and review B does not recommend.Sthubbar (talk) 06:31, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* If you're talking about "We cannot recommend...", the source further states that support has not been found not just for effectiveness but also safety. The wording for things like this needs to be taken on a case-by-case basis and the source's evidence and conclusions reviewed carefully. If you still have concerns about the current wording in the osteoarthritis article please open a discussion about it at the article Talk page, it's not possible to make a blanket WP:MEDICINE-wide recommendation for all sources and article here. 14:13, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
Zad, the abstract says they "cannot recommend" because the evidence is "unclear" and more research is necessary. That is exactly my point. They are NOT say that don't recommend, they are saying they can't recommend because of lack of evidence. It is the difference between not-guilty and innocent. Not even close to the same meaning.Sthubbar (talk) 16:54, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* I can see the distinction that you are making, but given the poor state of editing in the world (I am contemplating a note to my local newspaper to explain that verbs are not optional components of sentences), it is unreasonable of us to place so much emphasis on two words. You need to read the whole paper to understand what that particular source means. WhatamIdoing (talk) 15:32, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* So that the editors of your local newspaper understand your note, I suggest you word it like: "Verbless grammar problematic, verbing nouns nauseating. Passive voice a cop-out. Ambiguity ensues, readability plummets. Film at 11." 17:03, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
* Surely you meant "... Ambiguity in spades, readability taking a nose-dive. (Clichés abundant). Film at 11." --RexxS (talk) 00:56, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* And the reply, if any, would have to be "Mistakes were made. The passive voice was used. Responsibility was shirked." WhatamIdoing (talk) 05:42, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
Alternative medicine implies quackery
* This thread seems to be related to this thread above: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine -- Brangifer (talk) 04:23, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
BullRangifer's page Alternative medicine critics says exactly the point I have been trying to get across.
* "Some critics...have defined alternative medicine as those unproven or disproven medical practices and ideas that lack a scientific evidence base."
* "[Alternative Medicine] is often described as quackery, pseudoscience, fraud, and/or unfalsifiable beliefs of a religious or metaphysical nature."
* "Alternative medicine has been described as pseudoscientific."
And the page goes on and on. These are exactly why, when there are dietary supplement treatments that have strong evidence from random controlled trial, secondary review research and articles, that it is a disservice to these treatments to list then in a category associated with quackery.
Can we please put proven dietary supplement treatments under a separate heading "Dietary Supplements"?Sthubbar (talk) 10:42, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Dietary supplements which have evidence are mainstream, not alternative. Folic acid during pregnancy is the only thing that comes to mind. As far as I am aware the rest lack evidence. Consumption of supplements which don't have evidence (i.e Antioxidants, Vitamin C and the like) are regarded as alternative precisely because there is no evidence based medical reason to take it. Calling it alternative, rather than referring to it as rampant pseudoscientific quackery is just us wikipedians trying to be polite (per WP:IMPARTIAL). IRWolfie- (talk) 10:48, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* IRWolfie, this is exactly the point. Your statement "As far as I am aware the rest lack evidence." is quite common and unfortunately misinformed. Omega-3 would be one of the most widely accepted, proven by multiple large double-blind placebo controlled randomized studies, supported by secondary review articles. This is not the only one, there are many others. Your belief that there are very few is supported by mixing these treatments in with quackery.Sthubbar (talk) 10:56, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* The systematic reviews disagree with you, IRWolfie- (talk) 12:40, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* I agree about the implications you've noted above. However, dietary supplements need only be "safe". Unlike treatments claiming medical benefit (in the U.S.), they do not need to be "effective". Indeed, you'll often see the weasel words "used for..." on the labels as an end run around claiming actual medical benefits. So - for "alternative" treatments that have been demonstrated both "safe" and "effective" - the category of "Dietary supplement" would not be appropriate, either. We'd also need to consider "certification". That is, who (among us) is to say that a particular study is sufficiently reliable to demonstrate that some treatment is indeed not quackery? The U.S. relies on the FDA in theory. However, once a treatment passes FDA "safe and effective" muster, doctors are permitted to prescribe it for "off label" treatments. That is, they can use it to treat conditions that the drug have not been certified by the FDA as "effective". This makes "off label" use little more than quackery, too. And, of course, there's nothing to say that Wikipedia must adopt the FDA's standards. Next... while peer-reviewed studies sound good in name, often these studies do little more than report results obtained in a petri dish rather than in clinical trials. And even clinical trials can be problematic if they lack the appropriate rigour. So, what to do? Rklawton (talk) 10:59, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Rklawton, I'm not sure what to call your discussion, I think maybe straw man. What you are describing is something completely different than I am proposing, and you are pointing out problems that are not unique to dietary supplements.
* Only accepted treatments are allowed. Accepted means the same thing it means for any other treatment. No new rules or concerns. I have yet to hear someone say that what the FDA says it the law on Wikipedia. I thought it was what reliable secondary sources say. The same rule for dietary supplements. Based on reliable secondary sources the treatments are permitted or denied.
* I am in no way implying that dietary supplements would be an open door policy to put any herb, vitamin, or mineral treatment there based on the flimsiest evidence, suggestion or petri dish. No, no, no, only allow promising, reliable, or even strong, secondary sources, just like for every other treatment. No special rules need.Sthubbar (talk) 11:05, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* I'd call my discussion "rambling" more than anything else. The most relevant point is that calling proven alternative treatments "dietary supplements" problematic because dietary supplements don't have to be proven effective. Rklawton (talk) 11:10, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Hmm, my ability to confuse you amazes me. I am not saying put all proven alternative treaments under "dietary supplements". I am saying that first only treatments that fit the above FDA defined or something close definition would go under this category. Second, we are only going to put proven treatments that fit the definition. Dietary Supplements is not meant to imply "Proven Alt Med" treatments. It just just meant to classify herbs, vitamins and minerals that are proven away from quackery.Sthubbar (talk) 11:32, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* I think the point that dietary supplements is a regulatory definition which implies safety rather than efficacy might be an important point. If we restrict the definition of dietary of supplements in our articles to things which are both safe and effective, could this be original research? Lesion ( talk ) 11:59, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* "Safe and effective" isn't original research if it's backed up by peer reviewed sources. I think that "FDA qualified" herbal treatments should not go under "dietary supplements" because (at least in the U.S.) "dietary supplement" means only "safe" and not "safe and effective". I do think we should have some sort of category that indicates a particular treatment (herb, vitamin) is both "safe and effective" - aka "medicine". Rklawton (talk) 12:08, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Hmm, what am I missing here. If the product is being sold for human consumption then by definition the consumption of that item is safe. If it is unsafe it is removed from the market. The secondary sources define effective. So these will be both safe and effective. No need for any other special categories. Again, dietary supplements does not allow listing anything there, only things that are show to be effective by secondary sources, and if they are legally commercially sold, then they are by definition safe, at least as safe as eating at any fast food joint.Sthubbar (talk) 12:33, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Let's try it this way:
* 0 = unsafe (so it gets pulled from the market)
* 1 = safe, but there's no scientific evidence that it's a medical treatment.
* 2 = safe & effective, may be FDA approved, but as a minimum, reliable sources stay it's an effective treatment
* All dietary supplements fall into at least #1. However, "alternative" treatments with research indicating effectiveness raises it up to the level of #2 "safe & effective". So my point is, if it fits #2, let's not give it a label that is usually interpreted to read #1. Thus, if the AMA publishes research that says "snotgrass juice" is a safe and effective treatment for "jazzberry rot", we shouldn't call it a "dietary supplement" because it's not on par with dietary supplements - it's better than that. Rklawton (talk) 13:18, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Agree, you would have to use a section called "dietary supplements with some evidence of efficacy" or something otherwise the fundamental definition of dietary supplement is being altered, which might be OR... Lesion ( talk ) 13:24, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Rklwton, OK, I get your point. Why the confusion? If there is an article about a disease and there is a subheading called "Medicine" we don't have to specify "Medicine that works for this illness", it is implied. We also don't have to clarify that the info under Medicine is not a complete list of items that fit the label medicine. If there are 100,000 items that can be called "medicine" it is understood that the 10 items listed are a special subset of the category "Medicine". In our case, it is no different. The category "Dietary Supplements" includes maybe 200,000 items. If we put a section called "Dietary Supplements" under an illness and list 10 items, I see no need to say "Dietary Supplements that are proven effective" as it is already clear that per WP:Medicine rules supposedly all treatments should be proven effective. The reader already realizes that there is something special about the 10 items listed under "Dietary Supplements" and they are a special subset chosen because that have a proven relation to the illness in question. KISSSthubbar (talk) 13:33, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* The FDA does not ensure that dietary supplements are "safe" - it ensures that they meet food guidelines. In response to increasing talk on Wikipedia about this, I created Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act of 1994 which describes the primary US regulation. Most people in the US will have health problems and die from eating unhealthy food which is not "unsafe", and in the same way that the FDA allows people to choose the food they eat regardless of health concerns, the FDA leaves people to make their own choices about supplements. No regulator in the US labels supplements as "safe"; they can be unsafe or have warnings, but beyond that are treated like food in the US. If anyone knows of any analogous laws in other countries then I would love to see them connected somehow to this United States statute, and also I would appreciate any comments on how to expand the article for this US law on that article's talk page. Blue Rasberry (talk) 13:55, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
My two cents on this is, don't have a section in the article called Alternative medicine. This is not even a section suggested by WP:MEDMOS. The section you're talking about should be called Treatment and/or Management. Here's what WP:MEDMOS says about this section:"Treatment or Management: This might include any type of currently used treatment, such as diet, exercise, medication, palliative care, physical therapy, psychotherapy, self care, surgery, watchful waiting, and many other possibilities. Consider discussing treatments in a plausible order in which they might be tried, or discussing the most common treatments first. Avoid experimental/speculative treatments and preventive measures (e.g., prophylactic vaccines or infection-avoidance techniques)."If there are dietary supplements that are commonly used to treat (or used in an attempt to treat), and you've got good secondary sources covering the evidence for the use of them, put them in this section. I wouldn't go out of my way to try to label them as 'supplements' or 'alternative' or whatever, just state what they are and what the evidence is for them. 14:00, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Zad, fine I'm OK with that. Unfortunately a powerful WP:Medicine admin, Doc James, insists on putting all proven dietary supplements under the quackery title of alternative medicine. Is there some way to officially start a vote or something so that I can officially move all proven herbal supplements out of this quackery header without risking another ban?Sthubbar (talk) 14:30, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Are you talking about Osteoarthritis? I took a quick look at the edit history there and I don't see support for what you're saying. I'd have to let Doc speak for himself, let's wait for his response. 14:40, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* I like the idea of a "treatments" section, though we're going to spend a lot of time keeping out the cranks. I disagree with including a "Dietary supplements" section because the term has a "quack" perception, and I don't think the general reader is going to be familiar with WP:Medicine enough to know that we'd only include treatment demonstrated to be effective. Rklawton (talk) 14:31, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* on a side note, we don't really discuss only treatments which have been shown to be effective in our articles. Regardless of whether that treatment is generally seen as alt med or mainstream, we discuss all the treatments which are commonly used for that topic, and then discuss their individual evidence base. Lesion ( talk ) 14:49, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Zad, it all started with the rheumatoid arthritis article. I had tried putting them under a title of "Other therapies" and DJ reverted. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rheumatoid_arthritis&diff=546438158&oldid=546437475. He has also stated above that the term "Alt med" does not offend him, and I assume he doesn't think it is equated with quackery, or that dietary supplements should be in the category with quackery. We have been having this discussion for pages and pages here and I'm confident DJ will serve me another ban if I don't get clear agreement here that the treatments I'm proposing can be put somewhere besides under a title that implies quackery.Sthubbar (talk) 14:52, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* In this edit Doc renamed Other therapies to Alternative medicine and moved content under it that said "The existing evidence suggests that some of the complementary and alternative medicine modalities ... show promising efficacy in reducing pain", and that's how the article still stands right now after a lot more editing by him, so he actually created the section and filled it in with content saying positive things about it. I do not think he believes Alternative medicine means something negative. And in this edit he pointed to this recent discussion where it was decided that "Alternative medicine" was the preferred title. This is one of those things where you may not agree with it but the consensus on Wikipedia is to use Alternative medicine, and you're probably just going to cause yourself a lot of aggravation with no good result if you keep fighting it. For what it's worth, I do not think it's necessarily a negative term either, although it almost always is associated with something that has not been as well-tested. 15:24, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
Zad, the way I read that discussion is that the proposal was to change the name of "Alternative Medicine" to "Complimentary and Alternative Medicine". That is something completely different that what I am requesting. I accept to leave "Alternative Medicine". That's fine, leave it there. I'm proposing to allow the addition of a section "Dietary Supplements". It would even be fine with me if this was a sub-section of "Alt Med", not idea, and a compromise I could accept.Sthubbar (talk) 15:42, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Sthubbar: I do not read the label "alternative medicine" as necessarily implying "quackery". Do you object to the lead at Alternative medicine and its expansion in the first section "Terms and definitions"? That may not be perfect, but it is acceptable to a non-partisan layman. Does it surprise anyone that physicians can purport to practice conventional medicine in a way which amounts to what a layman would call "quackery", or that "quack" can be a jocular expression applied to a physician, sometimes habitually but inoffensively? Certainly, there may be benighted persons who cannot think, speak or write about any "alternative medicine" without calling "quackery", but surely not DocJames? Concept and language: currently conventional = conventional; currently alternative (to conventional) = alternative; "quackery" = campaigning name-call, possibly reflecting more unfavourably on person using it habitually, loosely or malevolently. Sometimes, sources on Med or other topics do not support what a fully informed and competent person happens to know about it: if that can be stressful each must find the remedy which suits him/her (such as adapting or abstaining). Qexigator (talk) 15:53, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Sthubbar, well if that's really the entire scope of this discussion, then it would just come back to the sources. If the general consensus of the best-quality sources is to classify Dietary Supplement X as "alternative medicine" it should not be a problem for the Wikipedia article to do so. Maybe if I were writing the article I would just talk about Supplement X without trying to put it in a section or under a heading called Alternative medicine but then if another editor came along and did that, pointing to the fact that the secondary sources do so, I would accept that change to the article. 16:05, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Given the huge number of products promoted as "dietary supplements", "nutriceuticals", "health foods", etc. it is almost certain that some of them will eventually prove to have beneficial effects on health. Many more will prove to be innocuous but ineffective, and some will prove to be downright harmful. The problem we pseudonymous editors face is that we cannot be the ones to separate the wheat from the chaff. We must leave that up to competent bodies to do. Unless we have established MEDRS sources telling us that product X is safe and effective, then we should not be lending the voice of the encyclopedia to endorse X's use based on lesser-quality sources. Applying the term "alternative medicine" will mislead a significant number of readers into thinking that X is an alternative kind of medicine, rather than an alternative to medicine or perhaps a "candidate" or "investigational" medicine. We've danced around this ambiguity in the terms for far too long. We need to have a simple guidance section about this in wp:MOSMED to which we can point editors. LeadSongDog come howl! 16:17, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Is that to say that X (may be a dietary supplement but not a medicine) should not be classed as "alternative medicine", unless so-called by a responsible public body such as FDA? Is that not already accepted for these topics? Qexigator (talk) 16:29, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Gezads! Zad, excellent suggestion. In the osteoarthritis article the reference specifically says "dietary supplements" [funny how great minds think alike]. I only have access to the abstract and in there I see no mention of the words alternative or complimentary. Are you will to help me with an experiment and create a section outside of "Alternative Medicine" and crease "Dietary Supplements", putting all of the sentences related to this reference?Sthubbar (talk) 16:31, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, it always comes back to what the sources say. Or it should, anyway. As it happens the full article is available here. The article calls them "dietary supplements" so there's clear support for calling them that in the article. The article was published in the journal Alternative Therapies. This journal is listed in PubMed in the category Complementary Therapies, and see the MeSH description for that category here. So, there is also support for calling them "alternative medicine". Looking at the sources, there is support for placing them in a paragraph about dietary supplements in a subsection under Therapies called Alternative medicine. Again, "alternative medicine" isn't a dirty word, I don't think. 16:53, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* What we have here is two things defined by lack of evidence: alternative medicine is classified that way until it is proven, and then it becomes "medicine." Dietary "supplements" are classified that way until they are proven effective, and then they too become medicine, and can legally make efficacy claims, and will often become prescription medications because effective medications also have side effects, hence the need for control and restrictions.
* Dietary supplements are classified as they are for several reasons. If they don't have proof of efficacy, they are not allowed to be sold as medications or make efficacy claims. Some other countries (Denmark for one) have similar laws. In fact, almost anything that does not yet have proof of efficacy, or has failed testing for efficacy, automatically must be classified as a supplement if the producer still wishes to market it, and they do. In such cases they are knowingly selling something proven to NOT work, but the Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) protects them and was made for them. In fact, DSHEA is a protection racket for the Alliance for Natural Health. This also means that some products which have not only failed to prove efficacy, but may actually be dangerous, but we don't to what extent until deaths are recorded in larger numbers (such as with ephedra), are in the same "supplement" category. Manufacturers are required to report adverse reactions, but experience has shown that they often don't do it. Alternative medicine has no system, unlike mainstream medicine, for reporting and keeping track of adverse events. Neither evidence or danger seems to bother them. They just market and make claims.
* So....anything in the "supplement" category of products is carrying an invisible "red flag." Discerning people know that the product is definitely not effective, and may even be dangerous, so they won't buy anything classified as a "supplement." The DSHEA act ensured that this is how it works, and it protected products known to be ineffective. A sad situation, which is why there are many who would like to see DSHEA repealed.
* Here are some resources about DSHEA and supplements:
* Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act of 1994
* Dietary Supplements - FDA
* How the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 Weakened the FDA - Stephen Barrett, M.D.
* Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act of 1994 - health.gov
* DSHEA: a travesty of a mockery of a sham - Science-Based Medicine
* Brangifer (talk) 04:58, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
* @LeadSongDog, yes that's another reason why it's not my preference to use the label "alternative medicine" in articles. The meaning of the term isn't really well-defined, the application of the term is rather subjective, what it's applied to can change over time, and there are those like Sthubbar who feel it has a negative connotation. 17:03, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* On the general point, there seems to be some confusion about "mainstream" and "evidence-based". Mainstream medicine is not always evidence-based. There's a reason that Evidence-based medicine and Mainstream medicine are separate articles.
* Mainstream or conventional medicine is "whatever's accepted". Evidence-based medicine is "whatever's proven". To give an example, conventional medicine says that people who have major surgery should not be permitted to eat until their bowels are making noises again. Evidence-based medicine says that this restriction is pointless and needlessly extends hospital stays, as well as making patients uncomfortable. Neither of these are "alternative", but one of them is mainstream and the other one has the evidence behind it. WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:36, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
* Excellent distinction. -- Brangifer (talk) 04:58, 10 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Moysonec
Moysonec was a Native American village on the Chickahominy River in what is now New Kent County, Virginia. The village is believed to be located near the mouth of Diascund Creek, where it enters the river. It is notable as the presumed home of natives who captured explorer John Smith in 1607.
The site of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. | WIKI |
Kansai dialect
The Kansai dialect (関西弁) is a group of Japanese dialects in the Kansai region (Kinki region) of Japan. In Japanese, Kansai-ben is the common name and it is called Kinki dialect (近畿方言) in technical terms. The dialects of Kyoto and Osaka are known as Kamigata dialect (上方言葉), and were particularly referred to as such in the Edo period. The Kansai dialect is typified by the speech of Osaka, the major city of Kansai, which is referred to specifically as Osaka-ben. It is characterized as being both more melodic and harsher by speakers of the standard language.
Background
Since Osaka is the largest city in the region and its speakers received the most media exposure over the last century, non-Kansai-dialect speakers tend to associate the dialect of Osaka with the entire Kansai region. However, technically, Kansai dialect is not a single dialect but a group of related dialects in the region. Each major city and prefecture has a particular dialect, and residents take some pride in their particular dialectal variations.
The common Kansai dialect is spoken in Keihanshin (the metropolitan areas of the cities of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe) and its surroundings, a radius of about 50 km around the Osaka-Kyoto area (see regional differences). This article mainly discusses variations in Keihanshin during the 20th and 21st centuries.
Even in the Kansai region, away from Keihanshin and its surrounding areas, there are dialects that differ from the characteristics generally considered to be Kansai dialect-like. Tajima and Tango (except Maizuru) dialects in northwest Kansai are too different to be regarded as Kansai dialects and are thus usually included in the Chūgoku dialect. Dialects spoken in Southeastern Kii Peninsula including Totsukawa and Owase are also far different from other Kansai dialects, and considered a language island.
The Shikoku dialect and the Hokuriku dialect share many similarities with the Kansai dialects, but are classified separately.
History
The Kansai dialect has over a thousand years of history. When Kinai cities such as Nara and Kyoto were Imperial capitals, the Kinai dialect, the ancestor of the Kansai dialect, was the de facto standard Japanese. It had an influence on all of the nation including the Edo dialect, the predecessor of modern Tokyo dialect. The literature style developed by the intelligentsia in Heian-kyō became the model of Classical Japanese language.
When the political and military center of Japan was moved to Edo under the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Kantō region grew in prominence, the Edo dialect took the place of the Kansai dialect. With the Meiji Restoration and the transfer of the imperial capital from Kyoto to Tokyo, the Kansai dialect became fixed in position as a provincial dialect. See also Early Modern Japanese.
As the Tokyo dialect was adopted with the advent of a national education/media standard in Japan, some features and intraregional differences of the Kansai dialect have diminished and changed. However, Kansai is the second most populated urban region in Japan after Kantō, with a population of about 20 million, so Kansai dialect is still the most widely spoken, known and influential non-standard Japanese dialect. The Kansai dialect's idioms are sometimes introduced into other dialects and even standard Japanese. Many Kansai people are attached to their own speech and have strong regional rivalry against Tokyo.
Since the Taishō period, the manzai form of Japanese comedy has been developed in Osaka, and a large number of Osaka-based comedians have appeared in Japanese media with Osaka dialect, such as Yoshimoto Kogyo. Because of such associations, Kansai speakers are often viewed as being more "funny" or "talkative" than typical speakers of other dialects. Tokyo people even occasionally imitate Kansai dialect to provoke laughter or inject humor.
Phonology
In phonetic terms, Kansai dialect is characterized by strong vowels and contrasted with Tokyo dialect, characterized by its strong consonants, but the basis of the phonemes is similar. The specific phonetic differences between Kansai and Tokyo are as follows:
Vowels
* is nearer to than to.
* In Standard, vowel reduction frequently occurs, but it is rare in Kansai. For example, the polite copula desu (です) is pronounced nearly as in standard Japanese, but Kansai speakers tend to pronounce it distinctly as or even.
* In some registers, such as informal Tokyo speech, hiatuses often fuse into, as in うめえ and すげえ instead of 旨い "yummy" and 凄い "great", but are usually pronounced distinctly in Kansai dialect. In Wakayama, is also pronounced distinctly; it usually fuses into in standard Japanese and almost all other dialects.
* A recurring tendency to lengthen vowels at the end of monomoraic nouns. Common examples are for 木 "tree", for 蚊 "mosquito" and for 目 "eye".
* Contrarily, long vowels in Standard inflections are sometimes shortened. This is particularly noticeable in the volitional conjugation of verbs. For instance, "行こうか？" meaning "shall we go?" is shortened in Kansai to "行こか？" . The common phrase of agreement, "そうだ" meaning "that's it", is replaced "そや" or even "せや" in Kansai.
* When vowels and semivowel follow, they sometimes palatalize with or . For example, "好きやねん" "I love you" becomes '好っきゃねん' , 日曜日 "Sunday" becomes にっちょうび and 賑やか "lively, busy" becomes にんぎゃか.
Consonants
* The syllable ひ is nearer to than to.
* The yotsugana are two distinct syllables, as they are in Tokyo, but Kansai speakers tend to pronounce じ and ず as and in place of Standard and.
* Intervocalic is pronounced either or in free variation, but is declining now.
* In a provocative speech, becomes, similar to the Tokyo Shitamachi dialect.
* The use of in place of . Some debuccalization of is apparent in most Kansai speakers, but it seems to have progressed more in morphological suffixes and inflections than in core vocabulary. This process has produced はん for さん -san "Mr., Ms.", まへん for ません (formal negative form), and まひょ for ましょう (formal volitional form), ひちや for 質屋 "pawnshop", among other examples.
* The change of and in some words such as さぶい for 寒い "cold".
* Especially in the rural areas, are sometimes harmonized or metathesized. For example, でんでん for 全然 "never, not at all", かだら or からら for 体 "body". A play on words around these sound changes goes as follows: 淀川の水飲んれ腹らら下りや for 淀川の水飲んで腹だだ下りや "I drank water of Yodo River and have the trots".
* The + vowel in the verb conjugations is sometimes changed to as well as colloquial Tokyo speech. For example, 何してるねん？ "What are you doing?" often changes 何してんねん？ in fluent Kansai speech.
Pitch accent
The pitch accent in Kansai dialect is very different from the standard Tokyo accent, so non-Kansai Japanese can recognize Kansai people easily from that alone. The Kansai pitch accent is called the Kyoto-Osaka type accent (京阪式アクセント, Keihan-shiki akusento) in technical terms. It is used in most of Kansai, Shikoku and parts of western Chūbu region. The Tokyo accent distinguishes words only by downstep, but the Kansai accent distinguishes words also by initial tones, so Kansai dialect has more pitch patterns than standard Japanese. In the Tokyo accent, the pitch between first and second morae usually changes, but in the Kansai accent, it does not always.
Below is a list of simplified Kansai accent patterns. H represents a high pitch and L represents a low pitch.
* 1) High-initial accent (高起式) or Flat-straight accent (平進式)
* 2) * The high pitch appears on the first mora and the others are low: H-L, H-L-L, H-L-L-L, etc.
* 3) * The high pitch continues for the set mora and the rest are low: H-H-L, H-H-L-L, H-H-H-L, etc.
* 4) * The high pitch continues to the last: H-H, H-H-H, H-H-H-H, etc.
* 5) Low-initial accent (低起式) or Ascent accent (上昇式)
* 6) * The pitch rises drastically the middle set mora and falls again: L-H-L, L-H-L-L, L-L-H-L, etc.
* 7) * The pitch rises drastically the last mora: L-L-H, L-L-L-H, L-L-L-L-H, etc.
* 8) ** If high-initial accent words or particles attach to the end of the word, all moras are low: L-L-L(-H), L-L-L-L(-H), L-L-L-L-L(-H)
* 9) * With two-mora words, there are two accent patterns. Both of these tend to be realized in recent years as L-H, L-H(-L).
* 10) ** The second mora rises and falls quickly. If words or particles attach to the end of the word, the fall is sometimes not realized: L-HL, L-HL(-L) or L-H(-L)
* 11) ** The second mora does not fall. If high-initial words or particles attach to the end of the word, both moras are low: L-H, L-L(-H)
Grammar
Many words and grammar structures in Kansai dialect are contractions of their classical Japanese equivalents (it is unusual to contract words in such a way in standard Japanese). For example, chigau (to be different or wrong) becomes chau, yoku (well) becomes yō, and omoshiroi (interesting or funny) becomes omoroi. These contractions follow similar inflection rules as their standard forms so chau is politely said chaimasu in the same way as chigau is inflected to chigaimasu.
Verbs
Kansai dialect also has two types of regular verb, 五段 godan verbs (-u verbs) and 一段 ichidan verbs (-ru verbs), and two irregular verbs, 来る ("to come") and する ("to do"), but some conjugations are different from standard Japanese.
The geminated consonants found in godan verbs of standard Japanese verbal inflections are usually replaced with long vowels (often shortened in 3 morae verbs) in Kansai dialect (See also Onbin, u-onbin). Thus, for the verb 言う ("to say"), the past tense in standard Japanese 言った ("said") becomes 言うた in Kansai dialect. This particular verb is a dead giveaway of a native Kansai speaker, as most will unconsciously say 言うて instead of 言って or even if well-practiced at speaking in standard Japanese. Other examples of geminate replacement are 笑った ("laughed") becoming 笑うた or わろた and 貰った ("received") becoming 貰うた, もろた or even もうた.
An auxiliary verb] -てしまう (to finish something or to do something in unintentional or unfortunate circumstances) is contracted to -ちまう or -ちゃう in colloquial Tokyo speech but to -てまう in Kansai speech. Thus, しちまう, or しちゃう , becomes してまう. Furthermore, as the verb しまう is affected by the same sound changes as in other 五段 godan verbs, the past tense of this form is rendered as -てもうた or -てもた rather than -ちまった or -ちゃった : 忘れちまった or 忘れちゃった ("I forgot [it]") in Tokyo is 忘れてもうた or 忘れてもた in Kansai.
The long vowel of the volitional form is often shortened; for example, 使おう (the volitional form of tsukau) becomes 使お, 食べよう (the volitional form of 食べる ) becomes 食べよ. The irregular verb する has special volitional form しょ（う） instead of しよう. The volitional form of another irregular verb 来る is 来よう as well as the standard Japanese, but when 来る is used as an auxiliary verb -てくる, -てこよう is sometimes replaced with -てこ（う） in Kansai.
The causative verb ending is usually replaced with in Kansai dialect; for example, させる (causative form of ) changes さす, 言わせる (causative form of 言う ) changes 言わす. Its -te form and perfective form change to and ; they also appear in transitive ichidan verbs such as 見せる ("to show"), e.g. 見して for 見せて.
The potential verb endings for 五段 godan and -られる for 一段 ichidan, recently often shortened -れる (ra-nuki kotoba), are common between the standard Japanese and Kansai dialect. For making their negative forms, it is only to replace -ない with -ん or -へん (See Negative). However, mainly in Osaka, potential negative form of 五段 godan verbs is often replaced with such as 行かれへん instead of 行けない and 行けへん "can't go". This is because overlaps with Osakan negative conjugation. In western Japanese including Kansai dialect, a combination of an adverb よう and -ん negative form is used as a negative form of the personal impossibility such as よう言わん "I can't say anything (in disgust or diffidence)".
Existence verbs
In Standard Japanese, the verb iru is used for reference to the existence of an animate object, and iru is replaced with oru in humble language and some written language. In western Japanese, oru is used not only in humble language but also in all other situations instead of iru.
Kansai dialect belongs to western Japanese, but いる and its variation, いてる (mainly Osaka), are used in Osaka, Kyoto, Shiga and so on. People in these areas, especially Kyoto women, tend to consider おる an outspoken or contempt word. They usually use it for mates, inferiors and animals; avoid using for elders (exception: respectful expression orareru and humble expression orimasu). In other areas such as Hyogo and Mie, いる is hardly used and おる does not have the negative usage. In parts of Wakayama, いる is replaced with ある, which is used for inanimate objects in most other dialects.
The verb おる is also used as a suffix and usually pronounced in that case. In Osaka, Kyoto, Shiga, northern Nara and parts of Mie, mainly in masculine speech, -よる shows annoying or contempt feelings for a third party, usually milder than -やがる. In Hyogo, southern Nara and parts of Wakayama, -よる is used for progressive aspect (See Aspect).
Negative
In informal speech, the negative verb ending, which is -ない in standard Japanese, is expressed with -ん or -へん, as in 行かん and 行かへん "not going", which is 行かない in standard Japanese. -ん is a transformation of the classical Japanese negative form -ぬ and is also used for some idioms in standard Japanese. -へん is the result of contraction and phonological change of はせん, the emphatic form of. -やへん, a transitional form between はせん and へん , is sometimes still used for 一段 ichidan verbs. The godan verbs conjugation before -hen has two varieties: the more common conjugation is like 行かへん, but -ehen like 行けへん is also used in Osaka. When the vowel before -へん is, -へん often changes to -ひん , especially in Kyoto. The past negative form is -んかった and, a mixture of -ん or -へん and the standard past negative form -なかった. In traditional Kansai dialect, -なんだ and -へなんだ is used in the past negative form.
* 五段 godan verbs: 使う ("to use") becomes 使わん and 使わへん, 使えへん
* 上一段 kami-ichidan verbs: 起きる ("to wake up") becomes 起きん and 起きやへん, 起きへん , 起きひん
* one mora verbs: 見る ("to see") becomes 見ん and 見やへん, 見えへん , 見いひん
* 下一段 shimo-ichidan verbs: 食べる ("to eat") becomes 食べん and 食べやへん, 食べへん
* one mora verbs: 寝る ("to sleep") becomes 寝ん and 寝やへん, 寝えへん
* s-irregular verb: する becomes せん and しやへん, せえへん , しいひん
* k-irregular verb: 来る becomes 来ん and きやへん, けえへん , きいひん
* 来おへん, a mixture けえへん with standard 来ない , is also used lately by young people, especially in Kobe.
Generally speaking, -へん is used in almost negative sentences and -ん is used in strong negative sentences and idiomatic expressions. For example, -んといて or -んとって instead of standard -ないで means "please do not to do"; -んでもええ instead of standard -なくてもいい means "need not do";-んと（あかん） instead of standard -なくちゃ（いけない） or -なければならない means "must do". The last expression can be replaced by -な（あかん） or -んならん.
Imperative
Kansai dialect has two imperative forms. One is the normal imperative form, inherited from Late Middle Japanese. The -ろ form for ichidan verbs in standard Japanese is much rarer and replaced by or in Kansai. The normal imperative form is often followed by よ or や. The other is a soft and somewhat feminine form which uses the adverbial (連用形) (ます stem), an abbreviation of adverbial (連用形) +. The end of the soft imperative form is often elongated and is generally followed by や or な. In Kyoto, women often add よし to the soft imperative form.
* godan verbs: 使う becomes 使え in the normal form, 使い（い） in the soft one.
* 上一段 kami-ichidan verbs: 起きる becomes 起きい (L-H-L) in the normal form, 起き（い） (L-L-H) in the soft one.
* 下一段 shimo-ichidan verbs: 食べる becomes 食べえ (L-H-L) in the normal form, 食べ（え） (L-L-H) in the soft one.
* s-irregular verb: する becomes せえ in the normal form, し（い） in the soft one.
* k-irregular verb: 来る becomes こい in the normal form, き（い） in the soft one.
In the negative imperative mood, Kansai dialect also has the somewhat soft form which uses the ren'yōkei + な, an abbreviation of the ren'yōkei + なさるな. な sometimes changes to なや or ないな. This soft negative imperative form is the same as the soft imperative and な, Kansai speakers can recognize the difference by accent, but Tokyo speakers are sometimes confused by a command not to do something, which they interpret as an order to do it. Accent on the soft imperative form is flat, and the accent on the soft negative imperative form has a downstep before na.
* 五段 godan verbs: 使う becomes 使うな in the normal form, 使いな in the soft one.
* 上一段 kami-ichidan verbs: 起きる becomes 起きるな in the normal form, 起きな in the soft one.
* 下一段 shimo-ichidan verbs: 食べる becomes 食べるな in the normal form, 食べな in the soft one.
* s-irregular verb: する becomes するな or すな in the normal form, しな in the soft one.
* k-irregular verb: 来る becomes 来るな in the normal form, きな in the soft one.
Adjectives
The stem of adjective forms in Kansai dialect is generally the same as in standard Japanese, except for regional vocabulary differences. The same process that reduced the Classical Japanese terminal and attributive endings (し and き, respectively) to has reduced also the ren'yōkei ending く to , yielding such forms as 早う (contraction of 早う ) for 早く ("quickly"). Dropping the consonant from the final mora in all forms of adjective endings has been a frequent occurrence in Japanese over the centuries (and is the origin of such forms as ありがとう and おめでとう ), but the Kantō speech preserved く while reducing し and き to, thus accounting for the discrepancy in the standard language (see also Onbin)
The ending can be dropped and the last vowel of the adjective's stem can be stretched out for a second mora, sometimes with a tonal change for emphasis. By this process, omoroi "interesting, funny" becomes omorō and atsui "hot" becomes atsū or attsū. This use of the adjective's stem, often as an exclamation, is seen in classical literature and many dialects of modern Japanese, but is more often used in modern Kansai dialect.
There is not a special conjugated form for presumptive of adjectives in Kansai dialect, it is just addition of やろ to the plain form. For example, 安かろう (the presumptive form of 安い "cheap") is hardly used and is usually replaced with the plain form + やろ likes 安いやろ. Polite suffixes です/だす/どす and ます are also added やろ for presumptive form instead of でしょう in standard Japanese. For example, 今日は晴れでしょう ("It may be fine weather today") is replaced with 今日は晴れですやろ.
Copulae
The standard Japanese copula da is replaced by the Kansai dialect copula ya. The inflected forms maintain this difference, resulting in yaro for darō (presumptive), yatta for datta (past); darō is often considered to be a masculine expression, but yaro is used by both men and women. The negative copula de wa nai or ja nai is replaced by ya nai or ya arahen/arehen in Kansai dialect. Ya originated from ja (a variation of dearu) in late Edo period and is still commonly used in other parts of western Japan like Hiroshima, and is also used stereotypically by old men in fiction.
Ya and ja are used only informally, analogically to the standard da, while the standard desu is by and large used for the polite (teineigo) copula. For polite speech, -masu, desu and gozaimasu are used in Kansai as well as in Tokyo, but traditional Kansai dialect has its own polite forms. Desu is replaced by dasu in Osaka and dosu in Kyoto. There is another unique polite form omasu and it is often replaced by osu in Kyoto. The usage of omasu/osu is same as gozaimasu, the polite form of the verb aru and also be used for polite form of adjectives, but it is more informal than gozaimasu. In Osaka, dasu and omasu are sometimes shortened to da and oma. Omasu and osu have their negative forms omahen and ohen.
When some sentence-final particles and a presumptive inflection yaro follow -su ending polite forms, su is often combined especially in Osaka. Today, this feature is usually considered to be dated or exaggerated Kansai dialect.
* -n'na (-su + na), emphasis. e.g. Bochi-bochi den'na. ("So-so, you know.")
* -n'nen (-su + nen), emphasis. e.g. Chaiman'nen. ("It is wrong")
* -ngana (-su + gana), emphasis. e.g. Yoroshū tanomimangana. ("Nice to meet you")
* -kka (-su + ka), question. e.g. Mōkarimakka? ("How's business?")
* -n'no (-su + no), question. e.g. Nani yūteman'no? ("What are you talking about?")
* -sse (-su + e, a variety of yo), explain, advise. e.g. Ee toko oshiemasse! ("I'll show you a nice place!")
* -ssharo (-su + yaro), surmise, make sure. e.g. Kyō wa hare dessharo. ("It may be fine weather today")
Aspect
In common Kansai dialect, there are two forms for the continuous and progressive aspects -teru and -toru; the former is a shortened form of -te iru just as does standard Japanese, the latter is a shortened form of -te oru which is common to other western Japanese. The proper use between -teru and -toru is same as iru and oru.
In the expression to the condition of inanimate objects, -taru or -taaru form, a shortened form of -te aru. In standard Japanese, -te aru is only used with transitive verbs, but Kansai -taru or -taaru is also used with intransitive verbs. One should note that -te yaru, "to do for someone," is also contracted to -taru (-charu in Senshu and Wakayama), so as not to confuse the two.
Other Western Japanese as Chūgoku and Shikoku dialects has the discrimination of grammatical aspect, -yoru in progressive and -toru in perfect. In Kansai, some dialects of southern Hyogo and Kii Peninsula have these discrimination, too. In parts of Wakayama, -yoru and -toru are replaced with -yaru and -taaru/chaaru.
Politeness
Historically, extensive use of keigo (honorific speech) was a feature of the Kansai dialect, especially in Kyōto, while the Kantō dialect, from which standard Japanese developed, formerly lacked it. Keigo in standard Japanese was originally borrowed from the medieval Kansai dialect. However, keigo is no longer considered a feature of the dialect since Standard Japanese now also has it. Even today, keigo is used more often in Kansai than in the other dialects except for the standard Japanese, to which people switch in formal situations.
In modern Kansai dialect, -haru (sometimes -yaharu except godan verbs, mainly Kyōto) is used for showing reasonable respect without formality especially in Kyōto. The conjugation before -haru has two varieties between Kyōto and Ōsaka (see the table below). In Southern Hyōgo, including Kōbe, -te ya is used instead of -haru. In formal speech, -naharu and -haru connect with -masu and -te ya changes -te desu.
-Haru was originally a shortened form of -naharu, a transformation of -nasaru. -Naharu has been dying out due to the spread of -haru but its imperative form -nahare (mainly Ōsaka) or -nahai (mainly Kyōto, also -nai) and negative imperative form -nasan'na or -nahan'na has comparatively survived because -haru lacks an imperative form. In more honorific speech, o- yasu, a transformation of o- asobasu, is used especially in Kyōto and its original form is same to its imperative form, showing polite invitation or order. Oide yasu and okoshi yasu (more respectful), meaning "welcome", are the common phrases of sightseeing areas in Kyōto. -Te okun nahare (also -tokun nahare, -toku nahare) and -te okure yasu (also -tokure yasu, -tokuryasu) are used instead of -te kudasai in standard Japanese.
Particles
There is some difference in the particles between Kansai dialect and standard Japanese. In colloquial Kansai dialect, case markers (格助詞) are often left out especially the accusative case o and the quotation particles to and te (equivalent to tte in standard). The ellipsis of to and te happens only before two verbs: yū (to say) and omou (to think). For example, Tanaka-san to yū hito ("a man called Mr. Tanaka") can change to Tanaka-san yū hito. And to yū is sometimes contracted to chū or tchū instead of te, tsū or ttsū in Tokyo. For example, nanto yū koto da! or nante kotta! ("My goodness!") becomes nanchū kotcha! in Kansai.
The interjectory particle (間投助詞) na or naa is used very often in Kansai dialect instead of ne or nee in standard Japanese. In standard Japanese, naa is considered rough masculine style in some context, but in Kansai dialect naa is used by both men and women in many familiar situations. It is not only used as interjectory particle (as emphasis for the imperative form, expression an admiration, and address to listeners, for example), and the meaning varies depending on context and voice intonation, so much so that naa is called the world's third most difficult word to translate. Besides naa and nee, noo is also used in some areas, but noo is usually considered too harsh a masculine particle in modern Keihanshin.
Kara and node, the conjunctive particles (接続助詞) meaning "because," are replaced by sakai or yotte; ni is sometimes added to the end of both, and sakai changes to sake in some areas. Sakai was so famous as the characteristic particle of Kansai dialect that a special saying was made out of it: "Sakai in Osaka and Berabō in Edo" (大阪さかいに江戸べらぼう)". However, in recent years, the standard kara and node have become dominant.
Kate or katte is also characteristic particle of Kansai dialect, transformation of ka tote. Kate has two usages. When kate is used with conjugative words, mainly in the past form and the negative form, it is the equivalent of the English "even if" or "even though", such as Kaze hiita kate, watashi wa ryokō e iku ("Even if [I] catch a cold, I will go on the trip"). When kate is used with nouns, it means something like "even", "too," or "either", such as Ore kate shiran ("I don't know, either"), and is similar to the particle mo and datte.
Sentence final particles
The sentence-final particles (終助詞) used in Kansai differ widely from those used in Tokyo. The most prominent to Tokyo speakers is the heavy use of wa by men. In standard Japanese, it is used exclusively by women and so is said to sound softer. In western Japanese including Kansai dialect, however, it is used equally by both men and women in many different levels of conversation. It is noted that the feminine usage of wa in Tokyo is pronounced with a rising intonation and the Kansai usage of wa is pronounced with a falling intonation.
Another difference in sentence final particles that strikes the ear of the Tokyo speaker is the nen particle such as nande ya nen!, "you gotta be kidding!" or "why/what the hell?!", a stereotype tsukkomi phrase in the manzai. It comes from no ya (particle no + copula ya, also n ya) and much the same as the standard Japanese no da (also n da). Nen has some variation, such as neya (intermediate form between no ya and nen), ne (shortened form), and nya (softer form of neya). When a copula precedes these particles, da + no da changes to na no da (na n da) and ya + no ya changes to na no ya (na n ya), but ya + nen does not change to na nen. No da is never used with polite form, but no ya and nen can be used with formal form such as nande desu nen, a formal form of nande ya nen. In past tense, nen changes to -ten; for example, "I love you" would be suki ya nen or sukkya nen, and "I loved you" would be suki yatten.
In the interrogative sentence, the use of nen and no ya is restricted to emphatic questions and involves interrogative words. For simple questions, (no) ka is usually used and ka is often omitted as well as standard Japanese, but no is often changed n or non (somewhat feminine) in Kansai dialect. In standard Japanese, kai is generally used as a masculine variation of ka, but in Kansai dialect, kai is used as an emotional question and is mainly used for rhetorical question rather than simple question and is often used in the forms as kaina (softer) and kaiya (harsher). When kai follows the negative verb ending -n, it means strong imperative sentence. In some areas such as Kawachi and Banshu, ke is used instead of ka, but it is considered a harsh masculine particle in common Kansai dialect.
The emphatic particle ze, heard often from Tokyo men, is rarely heard in Kansai. Instead, the particle de is used, arising from the replacement of z with d in words. However, despite the similarity with ze, the Kansai de does not carry nearly as heavy or rude a connotation, as it is influenced by the lesser stress on formality and distance in Kansai. In Kyoto, especially feminine speech, de is sometimes replaced with e. The particle zo is also replaced to do by some Kansai speakers, but do carries a rude masculine impression unlike de.
The emphasis or tag question particle jan ka in the casual speech of Kanto changes to yan ka in Kansai. Yan ka has some variations, such as a masculine variation yan ke (in some areas, but yan ke is also used by women) and a shortened variation yan, just like jan in Kanto. Jan ka and jan are used only in informal speech, but yan ka and yan can be used with formal forms like sugoi desu yan! ("It is great!"). Youngsters often use yan naa, the combination of yan and naa for tag question.
Vocabulary
In some cases, Kansai dialect uses entirely different words. The verb hokasu corresponds to standard Japanese suteru "to throw away", and metcha corresponds to the standard Japanese slang chō "very". Chō, in Kansai dialect, means "a little" and is a contracted form of chotto. Thus the phrase chō matte "wait a minute" by a Kansai person sounds strange to a Tokyo person.
Some Japanese words gain entirely different meanings or are used in different ways when used in Kansai dialect. One such usage is of the word naosu (usually used to mean "correct" or "repair" in the standard language) in the sense of "put away" or "put back." For example, kono jitensha naoshite means "please put back this bicycle" in Kansai, but many standard speakers are bewildered since in standard Japanese it would mean "please repair this bicycle".
Another widely recognized Kansai-specific usage is of aho. Basically equivalent to the standard baka "idiot, fool", aho is both a term of reproach and a term of endearment to the Kansai speaker, somewhat like English twit or silly. Baka, which is used as "idiot" in most regions, becomes "complete moron" and a stronger insult than aho. Where a Tokyo citizen would almost certainly object to being called baka, being called aho by a Kansai person is not necessarily much of an insult. Being called baka by a Kansai speaker is however a much more severe criticism than it would be by a Tokyo speaker. Most Kansai speakers cannot stand being called baka but don't mind being called aho.
Well-known words
Here are some words and phrases famous as part of the Kansai dialect:
Pronouns and honorifics
Standard first-person pronouns such as watashi, boku and ore are also generally used in Kansai, but there are some local pronoun words. Watashi has many variations: watai, wate (both gender), ate (somewhat feminine), and wai (masculine, casual). These variations are now archaic, but are still widely used in fictitious creations to represent stereotypical Kansai speakers especially wate and wai. Elderly Kansai men frequently use washi as well as other western Japan. Uchi is famous for the typical feminine first-person pronoun of Kansai dialect and it is still popular among Kansai girls.
In Kansai, omae and anta are often used for the informal second-person pronoun. Anata is hardly used. Traditional local second-person pronouns include omahan (omae + -han), anta-han and ansan (both are anta + -san, but anta-han is more polite). An archaic first-person pronoun, ware, is used as a hostile and impolite second-person pronoun in Kansai. Jibun is a Japanese word meaning "oneself" and sometimes "I", but it has an additional usage in Kansai as a casual second-person pronoun.
In traditional Kansai dialect, the honorific suffix -san is sometimes pronounced -han when -san follows a, e and o; for example, okaasan ("mother") becomes okaahan, and Satō-san ("Mr. Satō") becomes Satō-han. It is also the characteristic of Kansai usage of honorific suffixes that they can be used for some familiar inanimate objects as well, especially in Kyoto. In standard Japanese, the usage is usually considered childish, but in Kansai, o-imo-san, o-mame-san and ame-chan are often heard not only in children's speech but also in adults' speech. The suffix -san is also added to some familiar greeting phrases; for example, ohayō-san ("good morning") and omedetō-san ("congratulations").
Regional differences
Since Kansai dialect is actually a group of related dialects, not all share the same vocabulary, pronunciation, or grammatical features. Each dialect has its own specific features discussed individually here.
Here is a division theory of Kansai dialects proposed by Mitsuo Okumura in 1968; ■ shows dialects influenced by Kyoto dialect and □ shows dialects influenced by Osaka dialect, proposed by Minoru Umegaki in 1962.
* Inner Kansai dialect
* ■Kyoto dialect (southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, especially the city of Kyoto)
* Gosho dialect (old court dialect of Kyoto Gosho)
* Machikata dialect (Kyoto citizens' dialect including several social dialects)
* Tanba dialect (southeastern part of former Tanba Province)
* Southern Yamashiro dialect (southern part of former Yamashiro Province)
* □Osaka dialect (Osaka Prefecture, especially the city of Osaka)
* Settsu dialect (Northern part of Osaka Prefecture, former Settsu Province)
* Senba dialect (old merchant dialect in the central area of the city of Osaka)
* Kawachi dialect (eastern part of Osaka Prefecture, former Kawachi Province)
* Senshū dialect (southwestern part of Osaka Prefecture, former Izumi Province)
* □Kobe dialect (the city of Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture)
* □Northern Nara dialect (northern part of Nara Prefecture)
* ■Shiga dialect (main part of Shiga Prefecture)
* ■Iga dialect (northwestern part of Mie Prefecture, former Iga Province)
* Outer Kansai dialect
* Northern Kansai dialect
* ■Tanba dialect (northern part of former Tanba Province and Maizuru)
* ■Southern Fukui dialect (southern part of Fukui Prefecture, former Wakasa Province and Tsuruga)
* ■Kohoku dialect (northeastern part of Shiga Prefecture)
* Western Kansai dialect
* □Banshū dialect (southwestern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, former Harima Province)
* ■Tanba dialect (southwestern part of former Tanba Province)
* Eastern Kansai dialect
* ■Ise dialect (northern part of Mie Prefecture, former Ise Province)
* Southern Kansai dialect
* Kishū dialect (Wakayama Prefecture and southern part of Mie Prefecture, former Kii Province)
* Shima dialect (southeastern part of Mie Prefecture, former Shima Province)
* □Awaji dialect (Awaji Island in Hyōgo Prefecture)
* Totsukawa-Kumano dialect (southern part of Yoshino and Owase-Kumano area in southeastern Kii Peninsula)
Osaka
Osaka-ben (大阪弁) is often identified with Kansai dialect by most Japanese, but some of the terms considered to be characteristic of Kansai dialect are actually restricted to Osaka and its environs. Perhaps the most famous is the term mōkarimakka?, roughly translated as "how is business?", and derived from the verb mōkaru (儲かる), "to be profitable, to yield a profit". This is supposedly said as a greeting from one Osakan to another, and the appropriate answer is another Osaka phrase, maa, bochi bochi denna "well, so-so, y'know".
The idea behind mōkarimakka is that Osaka was historically the center of the merchant culture. The phrase developed among low-class shopkeepers and can be used today to greet a business proprietor in a friendly and familiar way but is not a universal greeting. The latter phrase is also specific to Osaka, in particular the term bochi bochi (L-L-H-L). This means essentially "so-so": getting better little by little or not getting any worse. Unlike mōkarimakka, bochi bochi is used in many situations to indicate gradual improvement or lack of negative change. Also, bochi bochi (H-L-L-L) can be used in place of the standard Japanese soro soro, for instance bochi bochi iko ka "it is about time to be going".
In the Edo period, Senba-kotoba (船場言葉), a social dialect of the wealthy merchants in the central business district of Osaka, was considered the standard Osaka-ben. It was characterized by the polite speech based on Kyoto-ben and the subtle differences depending on the business type, class, post etc. It was handed down in Meiji, Taishō and Shōwa periods with some changes, but after the Pacific War, Senba-kotoba became nearly an obsolete dialect due to the modernization of business practices. Senba-kotoba was famous for a polite copula gowasu or goasu instead of common Osakan copula omasu and characteristic forms for shopkeeper family mentioned below.
Southern branches of Osaka-ben, such as Senshū-ben (泉州弁) and Kawachi-ben (河内弁), are famous for their harsh locution, characterized by trilled "r", the question particle ke, and the second person ware. The farther south in Osaka one goes, the cruder the language is considered to be, with the local Senshū-ben of Kishiwada said to represent the peak of harshness.
Kyoto
Kyōto-ben (京都弁) or Kyō-kotoba (京言葉) is characterized by development of politeness and indirectness expressions. Kyoto-ben is often regarded as elegant and feminine dialect because of its characters and the image of Gion's geisha (geiko-han and maiko-han in Kyoto-ben), the most conspicuous speakers of traditional Kyoto-ben. Kyoto-ben is divided into the court dialect called Gosho kotoba (御所言葉) and the citizens dialect called Machikata kotoba (町方言葉). The former was spoken by court noble before moving the Emperor to Tokyo, and some phrases inherit at a few monzeki. The latter has subtle difference at each social class such as old merchant families at Nakagyo, craftsmen at Nishijin and geiko at Hanamachi (Gion, Miyagawa-chō etc.)
Kyoto-ben was the de facto standard Japanese from 794 until the 18th century and some Kyoto people are still proud of their accent; they get angry when Tokyo people treat Kyoto-ben as a provincial accent. However, traditional Kyoto-ben is gradually declining except in the world of geisha, which prizes the inheritance of traditional Kyoto customs. For example, a famous Kyoto copula dosu, instead of standard desu, is used by a few elders and geisha now.
The verb inflection -haru is an essential part of casual speech in modern Kyoto. In Osaka and its environs, -haru has a certain level of politeness above the base (informal) form of the verb, putting it somewhere between the informal and the more polite -masu conjugations. However, in Kyoto, its position is much closer to the informal than it is to the polite mood, owing to its widespread use. Kyoto people, especially elderly women, often use -haru for their family and even for animals and weather.
Tango-ben (丹後弁) spoken in northernmost Kyoto Prefecture, is too different to be regarded as Kansai dialect and usually included in Chūgoku dialect. For example, the copula da, the Tokyo-type accent, the honorific verb ending -naru instead of -haru and the peculiarly diphthong such as for akai "red".
Hyogo
Hyōgo Prefecture is the largest prefecture in Kansai, and there are some different dialects in the prefecture. As mentioned above, Tajima-ben (但馬弁) spoken in northern Hyōgo, former Tajima Province, is included in Chūgoku dialect as well as Tango-ben. Ancient vowel sequence /au/ changed in many Japanese dialects, but in Tajima, Tottori and Izumo dialects, /au/ changed. Accordingly, Kansai word ahō "idiot" is pronounced ahaa in Tajima-ben.
The dialect spoken in southwestern Hyōgo, former Harima Province alias Banshū, is called Banshū-ben. As well as Chūgoku dialect, it has the discrimination of aspect, -yoru in progressive and -toru in perfect. Banshū-ben is notable for transformation of -yoru and -toru into -yō and -tō, sometimes -yon and -ton. Another feature is the honorific copula -te ya, common in Tanba, Maizuru and San'yō dialects. In addition, Banshū-ben is famous for an emphatic final particle doi or doiya and a question particle ke or ko, but they often sound violent to other Kansai speakers, as well as Kawachi-ben. Kōbe-ben (神戸弁) spoken in Kobe, the largest city of Hyogo, is the intermediate dialect between Banshū-ben and Osaka-ben and is well known for conjugating -yō and -tō as well as Banshū-ben.
Awaji-ben (淡路弁) spoken in Awaji Island, is different from Banshū/Kōbe-ben and mixed with dialects of Osaka, Wakayama and Tokushima Prefectures due to the intersecting location of sea routes in the Seto Inland Sea and the Tokushima Domain rule in Edo period.
Mie
The dialect in Mie Prefecture, sometimes called Mie-ben (三重弁), is made up of Ise-ben (伊勢弁) spoken in mid-northern Mie, Shima-ben (志摩弁) spoken in southeastern Mie and Iga-ben (伊賀弁) spoken in western Mie. Ise-ben is famous for a sentence final particle ni as well as de. Shima-ben is close to Ise-ben, but its vocabulary includes many archaic words. Iga-ben has a unique request expression -te daako instead of standard -te kudasai.
They use the normal Kansai accent and basic grammar, but some of the vocabulary is common to the Nagoya dialect. For example, instead of -te haru (respectful suffix), they have the Nagoya-style -te mieru. Conjunctive particles de and monde "because" is widely used instead of sakai and yotte. The similarity to Nagoya-ben becomes more pronounced in the northernmost parts of the prefecture; the dialect of Nagashima and Kisosaki, for instance, could be considered far closer to Nagoya-ben than to Ise-ben.
In and around Ise city, some variations on typical Kansai vocabulary can be found, mostly used by older residents. For instance, the typical expression ōkini is sometimes pronounced ōkina in Ise. Near the Isuzu River and Naikū shrine, some old men use the first-person pronoun otai.
Wakayama
Kishū-ben (紀州弁) or Wakayama-ben (和歌山弁), the dialect in old province Kii Province, present-day Wakayama Prefecture and southern parts of Mie Prefecture, is fairly different from common Kansai dialect and comprises many regional variants. It is famous for heavy confusion of z and d, especially on the southern coast. The ichidan verb negative form -n often changes -ran in Wakayama such as taberan instead of taben ("not eat"); -hen also changes -yan in Wakayama, Mie and Nara such as tabeyan instead of tabehen. Wakayama-ben has specific perticles. Yō is often used as sentence final particle. Ra follows the volitional conjugation of verbs as iko ra yō! ("Let's go!"). Noshi is used as soft sentence final particle. Yashite is used as tag question. Local words are akana instead of akan, omoshai instead of omoroi, aga "oneself", teki "you", tsuremote "together" and so on. Wakayama people hardly ever use keigo, which is rather unusual for dialects in Kansai.
Shiga
Shiga Prefecture is the eastern neighbor of Kyoto, so its dialect, sometimes called Shiga-ben (滋賀弁) or Ōmi-ben (近江弁) or Gōshū-ben (江州弁), is similar in many ways to Kyoto-ben. For example, Shiga people also frequently use -haru, though some people tend to pronounce -aru and -te yaaru instead of -haru and -te yaharu. Some elderly Shiga people also use -raru as a casual honorific form. The demonstrative pronoun so- often changes to ho-; for example, so ya becomes ho ya and sore (that) becomes hore. In Nagahama, people use the friendly-sounding auxiliary verb -ansu and -te yansu. Nagahama and Hikone dialects has a unique final particle hon as well as de.
Nara
The dialect in Nara Prefecture is divided into northern including Nara city and southern including Totsukawa. The northern dialect, sometimes called Nara-ben (奈良弁) or Yamato-ben (大和弁), has a few particularities such as an interjectory particle mii as well as naa, but the similarity with Osaka-ben increases year by year because of the economic dependency to Osaka. On the other hand, southern Nara prefecture is a language island because of its geographic isolation with mountains. The southern dialect uses Tokyo type accent, has the discrimination of grammatical aspect, and does not show a tendency to lengthen vowels at the end of monomoraic nouns.
Example
An example of Kyoto women's conversation recorded in 1964:
Kansai dialect in Japanese culture
* Bunraku - a traditional puppet theatre played in Osaka dialect during the Edo period
* Kabuki - Kamigata style kabuki is played in Kansai dialect
* Rakugo - Kamigata style rakugo is played in Kansai dialect
* Mizuna - mizuna is originally a Kansai word for Kanto word kyōna
* Shichimi - shichimi is originally a Kansai word for Kanto word nanairo
* Tenkasu - tenkasu is originally a Kansai word for Kanto word agedama
* Hamachi - hamachi is originally a Kansai word for Kanto word inada
Related dialects
* Hokuriku dialect
* Shikoku dialect
* Mino dialect | WIKI |
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What is 'Alpha testing'
Definition: Alpha testing is a type of testing that is done on an application towards the end of a development process when the product is almost in a usable state.
Description: This type of testing does not involve functional testing on the application. Instead, it is a user testing on the application in order to understand the user behavior and experience on the application. Normally this test is performed by test engineers, employees and sometimes friends / family members with the aim of trying to emulate around 80% of the customers. While these users test and give their feedback, the development team observes the behavior to check for design issues in the application. Alpha testing is mainly conducted to unveil bugs that might arise due to abrupt errors created by the users, validate the quality state of the software in minimal time and finally propound a build that procures the specifications required. Once this test is executed properly, the software is ready for the next stage, i.e., the beta test. Alpha testing has two phases. The first phase consists of testing by the developers. The software used is either hardware-assisted debuggers or debugger software. The basic motive is to detect bugs quickly. The second phase of testing is done by the quality assurance team, which ensures that the build works perfectly on the environment similar to user end.
The Economic Times | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject U.S. Roads/Redirects/Maine
Backlog
Just wondering, is the backlog related to anything? Shouldn't each route be removed once there's an image, article, redirect and disambig done for it? - Adolphus79 (talk) 03:50, 28 July 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saichon Radomkit
The result was delete. Sandstein 18:54, 28 June 2018 (UTC)
Saichon Radomkit
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Contested prod without rationale or improvement. No indication he, or his band, was notable. And searches did not turn up the in-depth coverage to show that he passes WP:GNG, and nothing indicates he passes WP:MUSICBIO. Onel 5969 TT me 19:33, 6 June 2018 (UTC)
* Delete as failing WP:GNG. It is possible that non-English sources exist but I was unable to find any using Google Translate and the Thai Wikipedia didn't provide any either. Winner 42 Talk to me! 20:13, 6 June 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:41, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Thailand-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:41, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Comment Was lead vocal of one of the top band in Thailand 40 years ago. So online references will be hard to find. --Lerdsuwa (talk) 15:47, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
* Comment: The band is notable, but whether his post-Innocent career is significant enough to warrant a standalone article seems more borderline. There's this 2015 interview in Naewna (dead link, but mirrored here), but I couldn't find much recent coverage that wasn't about the band's reunion concert. In any case, if we had an article for the band this could be redirected there. --Paul_012 (talk) 14:48, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Spartaz Humbug! 05:55, 14 June 2018 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Sandstein 18:08, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
* Weak Delete - I am reluctant to say that he is totally non-notable as an individual performer because there may be Thai sources that I cannot find and/or translate. But here are some recent Thai media sources in English:, , -- indicating that the gentleman is now a nostalgia performer representing his 80's band. He would be eligible for a redirect that band's article if there was one. Otherwise, we need Thai experts to track down reliable sources for his other work. He may be accomplished and respected in his country but we need reliable sources for verification. --- DOOMSDAYER 520 (Talk|Contribs) 21:15, 22 June 2018 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Ana Hamu
Ana Hamu was a Māori woman of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) in northern New Zealand. She was a woman of high rank. Hamu was closely related to Eruera Maihi Patuone.
Hamu was baptised on 5 October 1834 by the Revd. Henry Williams and adopted the name Ana.
Hamu was the widow of Te Koki, a chief of Te Uri-o-Ngongo Hapū. They had at least two children together, Te Ahara and Rangituke. She later became the wife of the chief Pukututu.
Te Koki and Hamu gave the Church Missionary Society (CMS) permission to occupy land at Paihia.
Hamu gave her signature to the Treaty of Waitangi on 6 February 1840, and was one of only a few women to sign the treaty.
She was connected with the CMS Girls' School in Paihia, where she kept the Māori children within bounds by her presence.
She was believed to be approximately 60 years old when she died in 1848. | WIKI |
Accession Number:
AD0614907
Title:
A CONTINUATION OF THE BASIC STUDY OF SLENDER CHANNEL ELECTROGASDYNAMICS.
Descriptive Note:
Final rept. for Feb 63-Aug 64,
Corporate Author:
CURTISS-WRIGHT CORP WOOD-RIDGE N J WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL DIV
Personal Author(s):
Report Date:
1965-01-01
Pagination or Media Count:
97.0
Abstract:
The report covers the continuation of power generation studies involving electrogasdynamic energy conversion See also AD-427 967. The continuation of these studies involves a detailed experimental and analytical program investigating the phenomenon of generating electric power by causing a supply of unipolar ions to be forced to flow against an opposing induced electric field in an energy conversion channel. The analytical program includes studies on the mobility of charged aerosol particles, the performance of electrogasdynamic generators, and optical methods to determine particle size and number density in a steady flow. Experimental investigations include the measurement of mobility, the examination of the EGD interaction using colloidal ions, attempts to measure pressure drops due to friction and electrical body forces and electrical field distribution. The advantage of designing converters in which the length is considerably greater than the diameter is explored further, with the conclusion that electrical forces must act on the charged particles over a distance that remains compatible with limitations due to electrical breakdown and particle deposition. Author
Subject Categories:
Distribution Statement:
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dimming of the Day
"Dimming of the Day" is a song written by Richard Thompson and performed with his then-wife Linda Thompson on their 1975 album Pour Down Like Silver. Acoustic version can be found on Richard Thompson's 1996 album Acoustic Classics.
Covers
Dimming of the Day has been covered by, amongst other artists:
* The Corrs for their Irish-themed fifth studio album Home
* Bonnie Raitt on her 1994 album Longing in Their Hearts
* Mary Black on her 1991 album Babes In The Wood
* Emmylou Harris
* Alfie Boe from his album Trust, featuring Shawn Colvin
* The Blind Boys of Alabama
* The song also featured, performed by Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, in John Sayles' 1999 film Limbo
* Pink Floyd's David Gilmour played the song in 2002 at his semi-acoustic shows in London's Royal Festival Hall; it was released on his David Gilmour in Concert DVD where he introduces the song: "This one's got nothing whatsoever to do with me but I like it. It's by Richard Thompson and it's called Dimming of the Day."
* The Dutch musician Gerard van Maasakkers recorded a version with a text in Brabantine, a Dutch dialect, As 't Dalijk Donker is (on his CD Zicht, 2006)
* Tom Jones performed the song in a concert broadcast by BBC4 and also on his 2012 album Spirit in the Room
* Alison Krauss & Union Station on their album Paper Airplane
* A new duet version is on the debut album of singer-actress Anastasia Barzee, and the album takes the name of this song | WIKI |
Funnel control with saturation: Nonlinear SISO systems
Norman Hopfe, Achim Ilchmann, Eugene P Ryan
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
27 Citations (SciVal)
Abstract
Tracking-by the system output-of a reference signal (assumed bounded with essentially bounded derivative) is considered in the context of a class of nonlinear, single-input, single-output systems modelled by functional differential equations and subject to input saturation. Prespecified is a parameterized performance funnel within which the tracking error is required to evolve; transient and asymptotic behaviour of the tracking error is influenced through choice of parameter values which define the funnel. The control structure is a saturating error feedback with time-varying nonmonotone gain designed to evolve in such a way as to preclude contact with the funnel boundary. A feasibility condition-for mulated in bounds of the plant data, the saturation bound, the funnel data, the reference signal, and the initial data-is presented under which the tracking objective is achieved, whilst maintaining boundedness of the state and gain function.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2177-2182
Number of pages6
JournalIEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Volume55
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2010
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Funnel control with saturation: Nonlinear SISO systems'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects nearly 73,000 new individuals each year. Approximately 1,250,000 people in the United States are carriers of this disease.
What are the symptoms of hepatitis B?
Approximately 30% of infected people will show no symptoms. Symptoms include:
Can having hepatitis B lead to other problems?
There is no cure, which means that once you contract it, it is a life-long infection. Hepatitis B may lead to serious liver disease. Approximately 5,000 people die each year due to liver failure and liver cancer.
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Hepatitis B is transmitted by sexual activity. It may also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.
There are primarily four different ways that hepatitis B may be transmitted:
• Sexual activity which includes anal or vaginal intercourse
• Mother to baby during birth
• Contact with infected blood
• I.V. drug use
How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
Hepatitis B may be diagnosed by your healthcare provider through a blood test.
What is the treatment for hepatitis B?
Currently there is no cure. Medications are available to help slow the virus and prevent liver damage.
Can hepatitis B be prevented?
There are several ways to prevent hepatitis B. The first is to refrain from sexual contact of any kind. The second is to be in a long-term monogamous relationship such as marriage. The third is to avoid use of I.V. drugs. There is a vaccination; subsequently, one of the simplest ways to avoid this disease is to get vaccinated.
Last Updated: 08/2015
Compiled using information from the following sources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women. Faro, Sebastian, Ch.14. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Multi-arch OctoPrint Docker container
Hi all. In case anyone is using Docker on their raspberry pi (I use hypriot's rpi image). The image is up at hub.docker.com/r/nunofgs/octoprint.
I'm taking advantage of multi-arch so this image supports both x86 and arm processors simply by running:
$ docker run nunofgs/octoprint
I also provide a master tag which is automatically built from git, once per day.
Have fun!
3 Likes
What's the difference between your docker image and the official octoprint one?
Hi Mentaluproar. My Docker image was actually created before the "official" one existed.
The "official" one is being maintained by the community (not Foosel) and does contain mjpeg-streamer (for streaming from the webcam) and only supports the x86 architecture.
My container is multi-arch so you can run it on X86 computers as well as ARM (raspberry Pis, etc).
If we're talking about guysoft and OctoPi...
pi@octopi:~ $ uname -m
armv7l
OctoPi isn't docker based :wink: This is what @nunofgs was referring to.
Hey man, I love this containerized version of OctoPrint you made. I have been on the lookout for a multiarch (and well maintained) docker container for OP.
I was wondering if I could port your container to the hass.io platform. It's pretty much an extension of the home assistant platform that allows Raspberry Pis to control smart devices and run docker containers. If you're okay with it, I would love to create a Hass.io addon using this container so that it can be installed on smart hubs and make OctoPrint more accessible.
Everything is open source, and I will be sure to credit you and the OctoPrint dev. Thanks.
@nickdaria of course! That's what open source is all about. Use whatever you need!
Docker-peeps: just noting that there's a newly-found yet significant security problem right now with unpatched Docker instances. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What ever happened to mass incarceration reform? | TheHill
Though it feels like eons ago, the summer of 2016 promised to be one of bipartisan efforts to tackle the issue of mass incarceration. Unfortunately, the summer for criminal justice reform dissolved without fanfare into the craziness of the 2016 election. And, with the confirmation of Attorney General Jeff SessionsJefferson (Jeff) Beauregard SessionsDOJ should take action against China's Twitter propaganda Lewandowski says he's 'happy' to testify before House panel The Hill's Morning Report — Trump and the new Israel-'squad' controversy MORE, who ushered in a 1980’s throw-back Department of Justice directive on low-level drug offenses, it remains unclear whether there might be a return to a bipartisan approach to criminal justice reform in the 115th Congress. Nonetheless, a promising alternative strategy to reverse mass incarceration seems to have emerged. In the lead once again is Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey, joined by former prosecutor, Sen. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, both Democrats. In the Reverse Mass Incarceration Act of 2017 (RMIA), the senators apply the lessons learned from the failed approaches of the 1990’s to lower crime and lower incarceration. The bill was modeled off of a Brennan Center proposal of the same name. According to a recent Brennan Center analysis, even as crime declined by 10 percent from 1991-1994, prison populations exploded pre-1994 by 400 percent and doubled in the decade following the law’s passage. With today’s well-documented growth in state and federal prison population, most people, including President Bill ClintonWilliam (Bill) Jefferson Clinton3 real problems Republicans need to address to win in 2020 Buckingham Palace: Any suggestion Prince Andrew was involved in Epstein scandal 'abhorrent' The magic of majority rule in elections MORE, accept that the 1994 incentives he championed were a mistake, rewarding states to build and fill more prisons. Indeed, in the more than two decades since the passage of the 1994 Crime Bill, the evidence is overwhelming that resulting incarceration rates are harming families, communities, and federal and state budgets. Despite having only 5 percent of the world’s population, the United States has 25 percent of the world’s incarcerated at an annual cost of roughly $80 billion. This is not acceptable. A disproportionate number of people of color fill federal and state prisons. According to The Sentencing Project, more women than ever are behind bars and 60 percent of them have children at home. In the last three decades incarceration rates for women have outpaced men by 50 percent, a 700 percent rate of growth since 1980. And, while incarceration rates for African-American women have declined since 2000, twice as many African-American women as white women are incarcerated. Incarceration rates for white and Hispanic women have continued to increase over the same period, by 56 percent and 7 percent, respectively. In recognizing the creativity and diversity of states, as well as the overwhelming number of persons incarcerated under their jurisdiction, the RMIA provides incentivizes to states to reduce their incarceration rates. Rather than mandate states to reduce incarceration, the Reverse Mass Incarceration Act of 2017 would instead enable states that achieve a 7 percent reduction in incarceration rates over 3 years without a significant increase in crime to access a $20 billion grant program. Unlike the so-called “tough on crime” approaches of the 1990’s, RMIA would support evidence-based programs that reduce incarceration and crime. Perhaps one of the chief benefits of this approach is behavior changes that occur throughout the system, from the prosecutors and sentencing judges, to the social service providers, to policy makers. These positive incentives can have nationwide impact to reduce incarcerated populations, providing the moral, social and fiscal incentives to help states reverse incarceration. States are encouraged to be creative and to find solutions that best fit their state. Eligible states might support ideas like drug treatment, education, job training, diversion or re-entry programs. Some states are engaging in these strategies already, and they and others should be encouraged to do more. The good news is that within the last decade, 27 states have decreased both crime and imprisonment, so there is a path forward. According to a 2016 Brennan Center report, 39 percent of the 1.46 million persons incarcerated in state and federal prisons could be reduced by nearly 600,000 with shorter sentences or alternatives to prison. The cost savings would be tremendous — an estimated $20 billion a year. In 2007, Texas got smart and increased the availability of drug addiction and mental health treatment for non-violent drug offenders. Then, in 2011, the Texas legislature passed legislation to allow drug offenders to reduce their sentences by completing educational programs. The result was stark — 14 percent reduction in crime, 8 percent reduction in incarceration, saving $444 million in corrections expenses and $20 million direct savings for taxpayers. Recent reports indicate that Texas is on pace to close 8 prisons by year’s end. By enacting new laws to eliminate some mandatory sentences for low-level property crimes and improving the parole and probation release process, South Carolina saw a 38 percent drop in violent crime and an 18 percent in their prison population, saving the state $18 million over four years. While Congress may be deeply engaged in the Russia election-meddling investigation, this may be just the time to revive criminal justice reform. The Reverse Mass Incarceration Act of 2017 is a simple and straightforward approach to federal lawmaking, incentivizing good behavior — helping states to do the right thing to curb incarceration and keep communities safe. It’s an approach that’s ripe for bipartisanship. Donna F. Edwards is a former member of Congress from Maryland and Senior Fellow at the NYU School of Law Brennan Center for Justice. The views of contributors are their own and not the views of The Hill. View the discussion thread. Contributor's Signup The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
University Resources, Operations and Policies
Section 9
Section 9.0 Planning for Emergencies
Planning and practicing for emergencies is an essential component of laboratory safety. Workers in laboratories should have the knowledge necessary to assess their risks from a small spill or release of a chemical or a small trash-can fire, if they have received proper training. The most important aspect of this training is being able to differentiate between an incidental situation and an emergency. Practice in emergency procedures and evacuation drills will provide laboratory workers with the insight they need to make this differentiation. Contact the Fire Safety Officer (877-3437) for information on fire extinguisher training.
An incidental release is one that does not cause an imminent health or safety hazard to laboratory workers and does not have to be cleaned up immediately in order to prevent death or serious injury to employees. Laboratory workers should prepare for and handle their own incidental spills or releases.
The following is a list of life threatening situations. If any of these situations occur, the emergency procedures of the following section need to be followed.
1. A release of high concentrations of toxic substances;
2. A significant chemical spill;
3. An imminent danger to life and health (IDLH) environments;
4. A situation that presents an oxygen deficient atmosphere;
5. A condition that poses a fire or explosion hazard;
A situation that requires immediate attention because of the danger posed to employees in the area.
9.1 Fires and Other Threatening Situations
The four actions below must be taken by whoever discovers a life threatening situation, including a fire that cannot be put out safely by someone who knows how to use a fire extinguisher. Actual emergency conditions may require the procedures to be followed in a different order, depending on the layout of the laboratory, time of day, the number of people present, and the location of the emergency relative to doors and alarm stations or telephones.
1. Alert personnel in the immediate vicinity. Tell the nature and extent of the emergency. Give instructions to sound the alarm and call for assistance.
2. Turn off heat source. Confine the fire or emergency without endangering yourself. Shut hood sash if possible. Close doors to prevent spread of vapors, gases, or fire.
3. Evacuate the building or hazardous area. Use the evacuation alarm system. Follow posted evacuation procedures. Assemble at designated meeting point. Practice evacuation and assembly in drills.
4. Summon aid from a safe location. Call security (dial 5) and call 911. Give location and type of emergency.
9.2 Clothing Fire and Severe Thermal Burns
Thermal burns from a clothing fire or large splash of hot material can be life threatening if they are deep, extensive, or located on critical areas of the body. Severe burns of the hands, feet, face, and genital areas are considered critical.
9.3 To Extinguish a Clothing Fire
• Stop the person on fire from running!
• Drop the person to the floor. Standing will allow flames to spreads upwand to eyes and nose.
• Roll the person to snuff out the flames.
• Cool the person. Remove smoldering clothing. Use cold water or ice packs to cool burns and minimize injury.
• Get medical assistance immediately.
9.4 Chemical Splash to the Eyes or Skin
The most important emergency measures if chemicals are splashed to the eyes or skin is immediate flushing with water in the emergency eyewash and/or shower. Most splashes need at least 15 minutes of washing. Get medical assistance immediately after flushing.
9.5 Using an Eyewash
• Always wash with tepid water or eye solution from the inside edges of the eyes to outside; this will help to avoid washing the chemicals back into the eyes or into an unaffected eye.
• Water or eye solution should NOT be directly aimed onto the eyeball, but aimed at the base of the nose.
• Flush eyes and eyelids with water or eye solution for a minimum or 15 minutes.
• Immediately seek medical attention.
9.6 Using a Safety Shower
• Stand directly under the shower head.
• Pull handle down to activate shower.
• Wash with tepid water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
• To turn off the shower push the handle up.
9.7 Spills and Accidents
1. Spills of toxic substances or accidents involving any hazardous chemical should be resolved immediately. The overall steps of handling a chemical accident are briefly:
1. Notify your Laboratory Supervisor and the Chemical Hygiene Officer immediately.
2. If spilled chemicals are flammable, extinguish all nearby source of ignition.
3. If a person has been splashed with a chemical, wash them with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, remove all contaminated clothing, and get medical attention (call 877-3511 for Public Safety).
4. If a person has been overexposed to inhalation, get victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary, and get medical attention (call 877-3511 for Public Safety).
5. In other cases of overexposure, get medical attention and follow the instructions of the medical professional (call 877-3511 for Public Safety).
6. After securing proper medical attention for a chemical exposure victim, neutralize or absorb the spilled chemical with the proper spill cleanup material, and dispose of it properly. All teaching and research laboratories must contain a spill kit for containment of solvents, acids and bases. Laboratories using equipment containing mercury must contain mercury sponges.
2. There are some fundamental actions which must not be used in handling emergencies. Some of them include:
1. Do not force any liquids into the mouth of an unconscious person.
2. Do not handle emergencies alone, especially without notifying someone that the accident has occurred.
3. Do not apply medical aid procedures without some training in that area (except to wash with water for 15 minutes and get victim to fresh air). If you are not trained in fundamental first aid, get medical direction before inducing vomiting, giving antidotes, or applying a “neutralizer” to the skin or eyes of the victim.
4. Do not linger at the accident scene if you are not one of the emergency responders.
3. An Accident – Secure an Occupational Injury/Illness Report from stockroom personnel, complete, and file the form with you department chair’s office.
Contact:
Joseph Landesberg, Ph.D.
Chemical Hygiene Officer
p – 516.877.4148
e – landesbe@adelphi.edu
Apply Now
Request Information
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Book of Were-wolves.djvu/183
162 returned, and re-entered it with difficulty. He described that returning as a returning from light into darkness, and that whilst the spirit was free, he was alternately in the light or the dark, accordingly as his thoughts were with his wife or with the star. Popular mythology in most lands regards the soul as oppressed by the body, and its liberation is considered a deliverance from the "burden" of the flesh. Whether the soul is at all able to act or express itself without a body, any more than a fire is able to make cloth without the apparatus of boiler and machinery, is a question which has not commended itself to the popular mind. But it may be remarked that the Christian religion alone is that which raises the body to a dignity equal to that of the soul, and gives it a hope of ennoblement and resurrection never dreamed of in any mythological system.
But the popular creed, in spite of the most emphatic testimony of Scripture, is that the soul is in bondage so long as it is united to a body, a creed entirely in accordance with that of Buddism.
If the body be but the cage, as a poet of our own has been pleased to call it, in which dwells the imprisoned soul, it is quite possible for the soul to change | WIKI |
What is Spark UI and how to monitor a spark job?
0 votes
Can anyone tell me what is Spark UI and how to monitor a spark job?
Aug 6 in Apache Spark by Dhanus
54 views
1 answer to this question.
0 votes
Hey,
Jobs- to view all the spark jobs
Stages- to check the DAGs in spark
Storages- to check all the cached RDDs
Streaming- to check the cached RDDs
Spark history server- to check all the logs of finished spark jobs.
answered Aug 6 by Gitika
• 25,340 points
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50 views | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Suitable for game networking, automatic user interface generation, serialization, property sheets, and any other type introspection needs, this library elegantly fills a hole in the C++ language. Compared to other similar libraries, this is both smaller, faster, and requires no source code repetition!
C++ C
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introspection
simplechat
LICENSE.txt
Makefile
README.txt
geg2_watte.sln
geg2_watte.suo
userlist.txt
README.txt
The "C++ Introspection" library by Jon Watte helps C++ programs introspect data structures for fun and profit!
To build the library and example programs:
Windows, using Visual Studio 2010:
Open the .sln file, and build. This should generate two executables into the solution output directory.
Linux, using GNU make and GCC (any modern version should work):
Type "make" in the directory that contains the Makefile. This should generate two executables into the "bld" directory.
Run the "introspection" executable to verify that the API works as intended.
Run the "simplechat" executable in one of three modes to edit the list of recognized users, run as a server waiting for clients to connect, or run as a client connecting to a server.
To edit the list of recognized user names, run:
simplechat edit
To start a server on a port 4523, run:
simplechat server 4523
To start a client talking to that server, run:
simplechat client MyUserName the.server.name.com 4523
Some notes about this code:
- This code is released under a BSD style open source license. This means that you can use it in programs of your own, on your own risk, by following a very simple copyright notice requirement. See the "LICENSE.txt" file.
- The introspection code is thought to be well tested, and could serve as the basis for a production-worthy system. However, it does not contain all features you will likely need for a real game, network and editor system, so you will have to extend it.
- The sample chat application and server is a sample. It has know bugs: for example, too long input lines from the user will likely crash the program. This is not intended to show how to write secure, robust networking code; rather, it is intended to remove the minutiae of production-ready networking code (which would add complexity), and instead show how the introspection system can be integrated.
- This code is now also described in a chapter in the book Game Engine Gems 2, released at GDC 2011. Please post comments, suggestions and topics for discussion at the support forums for the Game Engines 2 article by me that describes the code and reasoning behind it in more detail:
http://www.enchantedage.com/geg2-introspection | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Enpzmf/sandbox
Original History of political science Edit
China section:
Despite common belief, Confucianism (also known as Ruism) and Taoism are known as religions, but are also core political philosophies. These political philosophies, in addition to Legalism and Mohism, originated from Ancient China during the Spring and Autumn period. This period in China's history was a Golden Age of Chinese philosophy, as it gave way to many different ideas which were discussed freely. During the Spring and Autumn period, things such as military strategy and political succession were influenced by the people’s focus on the spirits.
The four mentioned political philosophies are part of the six classical schools of thought in Chinese philosophy as determined by Sima Tan. During the Imperial Period, Confucianism modified with the times (being heavily influenced by Legalism) and dominated Chinese political philosophy
Hops India section
In India, Arthashastra of Chanakya was written in 3rd century B.C. which is noted as one of the earliest political science work in India. The Arthashastra is a treatise of political thought which discusses international relations, war strategies, and fiscal policies in addition to other subjects.
Looking back at the predecessors of ancient India’s politics leads to three of the four Vedas of Hinduism, as well as the Mahabharata and Pali Canon. The works from the Vedas include the Rigveda, Samhitas, and Bramanas. Approximately two hundred years after Chanakya’s time, the Manusmriti was published, becoming another essential political treatise for India at the time.
Hops Western Medieval section
The arena for political studies became more diluted with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The increasing popularity of monotheism (Christianity in particular for the West) in this period brought about a new scope by which to examine politics and political action. The City of God by Augustine of Hippo merged Christianity’s political traditions and philosophies with current ones. It is in this way that works like his reformulated the line between what was considered political and what was religious. Political study became commonplace within churches and courts during the Middle Ages, and most questions politically involving the relationship between the church and state were examined during this time period.
Hops Middle East section
Aristotelians of the Middle East (such as Avicenna and Maimonides) kept the Aristotelian traditions of empiricism and analysis alive by writing commentaries on Aristotle’s works. Arabia later moved from Aristotle’s ideology of political science, shifting to focus on Plato’s work titled Republic. With this shift, Republic became the base of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as can be seen in the works of Al-Farabi and Averroes. ^citation 7 from OG article
Evidence of political analysis in medieval Persia can be seen in works like the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam by Edward Fitzgerald and Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh.
* Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
* Yes, everything is relevant to the topic. However, I found the giant list of her frequent guest kind of distracting.
* Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
* It is neutral, nothing reads to me as biased
* Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
* Overrepresented: the frequent guests
* Underrepresented: I think the impact of her work and perhaps her work itself could use more discussion
* Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
* The links work, but are mostly for locations or the people associated with her so there isn't much support offered
* Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the info come from? Are the sources neutral? If not, what biases are noted?
* Not all of the facts are referenced even at all. The sources are neutral, info comes from various books of letters, etc. that provide an insight to her life
* Is any info out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
* I don't think the info is out of date, but more could be added about her work and perhaps her life outside of her work as well
* What kinds of conversations are going on behind the scenes about how to represent the topic?
* There actually are not any conversations on the talk page yet
* How is the article rated? Is it part of a WikiProject?
* It is rated as C-Class, and was created or improved by the Women in Red project
* How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from how we've talked about it in class?
* There aren't sources where there maybe should be
REVIEW is in Edv995 | WIKI |
Page:Summer - from the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau.djvu/372
362 seems to rule the other features, and make them too original. When I have mistaken one person for another, observing only his form and carriage and inferior features, the unlikeness seemed of the least consequence, but when I caught his eye and my doubts were removed, it seemed to pervade every feature. The eye revolves on an independent pivot which we can no more control than our own will. Its axle is the axle of the soul, as the axis of the earth is coincident with the axis of the heavens.
July 10-12, 1841. A slight sound at evening lifts me up by the ears, and makes life seem inexpressibly serene and grand. It may be in Uranus, or it may be in the shutter. It is the original sound of which all literature is the echo. It makes all fear superfluous. Bravery comes from further than the sources of fear.
July 10, 1851. A gorgeous sunset after rain, with horizontal bars of cloud, red sashes to the western window, barry clouds hanging like a curtain over the window of the west, damask. First there is a low arch of the storm clouds, under which is seen the clearer, fairer, serener sky and more distant sunset clouds, and under all, on the horizon's edge, heavier, massive dark clouds not to be distinguished from the mountains. How many times I have seen this kind of sunset, the most gorgeous sight in Nature. From the hill | WIKI |
Page:North Dakota Reports (vol. 3).pdf/158
mature deliberation—we think it would be unwise to hold that evidence is admissable to prove only such facts as the court would be bound to judicially note without proof, if such facts really exist. If it be true that the symbol writing is, as alleged by the answer, used in describing land, and “generally understood” by the taxpayers and the people of North Dakota and throughout the western states, the judges and courts of such states are bound to judicially note the existence of such usage. To borrow the words of Chief Justice Caton, ‘courts will not pretend to be more ignorant than the rest of mankind.” If evidence became necessary in this case to prove that the usage in question was generally understood and in common use by the taxpayers and people of this state and of the western states generally, then, and for the same reason, evidence would be needed to certify the same facts to any other trial court in the state in which the question might arise. Vanada v. Hopkins, (Ky.) 19 Amer. Dec. 92; Bailey v. Publishing Co., 40 Mich. 251; 12 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, p. 197, note I.
The judges of the Supreme Courts of Minnesota and North Dakota alike rest under an official obligation to notice without proof such usages and customs as have become general among all classes of people in these states; yet in both states the courts have held squarely that the symbol writing, such as is found in the tax rolls in this case, has not the sanction of general usage in such states, respectively. Whena usage becomes general, the courts will notice the same. Bish. Cont. § 445. It is true that many usages are not judcially noticed in the courts. Such usages are often shown to exist by testimony. “The leading distinctions between customs, considered as usage, and law, is that the former is restricted to a particular locality or class of persons, or business, while the latter is universal throughout the state.” Section 446, Id. When a usage is special, i, e. limited to a particular locality or business or class of persons, the judges are not always supposed to be aware of its existence, and hence proof is sometimes resorted to, when the fact is disputed, to establish or disprove the existence of the usage. Section 450, Id. When it is shown that | WIKI |
User:Kyotossword
Who I Am
I'm a third-year law student at the Georgetown University Law Center. I am interested in intellectual property law and in particular the area of copyright with a focus on its intersection with the video game industry. Currently a student in the Intellectual Property and Information Policy Clinic (iPIP) taught by Amanda Levendowski. I've been editing Wikipedia since 2020.
Articles I've Created or Substantially Edited
* MDY Industries, LLC v. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc. - Substantially edited during iPIP Wikipedia Day. I added references to the case opinions themselves and curated links to the relevant legal claims referenced throughout the article. | WIKI |
Source code for spectrum.toeplitz
"""
.. topic:: Toeplitz module
These functions are not yet used by other functions, which explains the
lack of documentation, test, examples.
Nevertheless, they can be used for production.
.. autosummary::
HERMTOEP
.. codeauthor:: Thomas Cokelaer, 2011
"""
import numpy
__all__ = [ "HERMTOEP"]
def TOEPLITZ(T0, TC, TR, Z):
"""solve the general toeplitz linear equations
Solve TX=Z
:param T0: zero lag value
:param TC: r1 to rN
:param TR: r1 to rN
returns X
requires 3M^2+M operations instead of M^3 with gaussian elimination
.. warning:: not used right now
"""
assert len(TC)>0
assert len(TC)==len(TR)
M = len(TC)
X = numpy.zeros(M+1,dtype=complex)
A = numpy.zeros(M,dtype=complex)
B = numpy.zeros(M,dtype=complex)
P = T0
if P == 0: raise ValueError("P must be different from zero")
if P == 0: raise ValueError("P must be different from zero")
X[0] = Z[0]/T0
for k in range(0, M):
save1 = TC[k]
save2 = TR[k]
beta = X[0]*TC[k]
if k == 0:
temp1 = -save1 / P
temp2 = -save2 / P
else:
for j in range(0, k):
save1 = save1 + A[j] * TC[k-j-1]
save2 = save2 + B[j] * TR[k-j-1]
beta = beta + X[j+1] * TC[k-j-1]
temp1 = -save1 / P
temp2 = -save2/P
P = P * (1. - (temp1*temp2))
if P <= 0:
raise ValueError("singular matrix")
A[k] = temp1
B[k] = temp2
alpha = (Z[k+1]-beta)/P
if k == 0:
X[k+1] = alpha
for j in range(0,k+1):
X[j] = X[j] + alpha * B[k-j]
continue
for j in range(0, k):
kj = k-j-1
save1 = A[j]
A[j] = save1 + temp1 * B[kj]
B[kj] = B[kj] + temp2*save1
X[k+1] = alpha
for j in range(0,k+1):
X[j] = X[j] + alpha*B[k-j]
return X
[docs]def HERMTOEP(T0, T, Z): """solve Tx=Z by a variation of Levinson algorithm where T is a complex hermitian toeplitz matrix :param T0: zero lag value :param T: r1 to rN :return: X used by eigen PSD method """ assert len(T)>0 M = len(T) X = numpy.zeros(M+1,dtype=complex) A = numpy.zeros(M,dtype=complex) P = T0 if P == 0: raise ValueError("P must be different from zero") X[0] = Z[0]/T0 for k in range(0, M): save = T[k] beta = X[0]*T[k] if k == 0: temp = -save / P else: for j in range(0, k): save = save + A[j] * T[k-j-1] beta = beta + X[j+1] * T[k-j-1] temp = -save / P P = P * (1. - (temp.real**2+temp.imag**2)) if P <= 0: raise ValueError("singular matrix") A[k] = temp alpha = (Z[k+1]-beta)/P if k == 0: #print 'skipping code for k=0' X[k+1] = alpha for j in range(0,k+1): X[j] = X[j] + alpha * A[k-j].conjugate() continue khalf = (k+1)//2 for j in range(0, khalf): kj = k-j-1 save=A[j] A[j] = save+temp*A[kj].conjugate() if j != kj: A[kj] = A[kj] + temp*save.conjugate() X[k+1] = alpha for j in range(0,k+1): X[j] = X[j] + alpha * A[k-j].conjugate() return X | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BACKGROUND: Most but not all data from different ethnic groups fit the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) spirometric reference model. This study investigates to what extent discrepancies are caused by secular changes in body proportions. METHODS: FEV1 and FVC from 20,336 healthy Japanese subjects (13,492 women) aged 17 to 95 years were compared with GLI-2012 reference values for Europeans. Data on the sitting height/standing height ratio (Cormic index) in 17-year-old students, collected from 1949 to 2012 in successive birth cohorts, were used to assess secular changes in body frame. The cohort-specific Cormic index was used to assess how variation in body frame affected pulmonary function. RESULTS: FEV1 and FVC were lower than GLI-2012 reference values, with values progressively falling until age 35 to 40 years and then rising to European levels in the elderly. The Cormic index rose until 1942, then fell, with a nadir in the 1970s, before rising again until 1995. Nearly one-half of the spirometric variability from predicted values could be explained by differences in the Cormic index between birth cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: In low-income countries, improving health conditions are likely to drive increases in height and changes in relative leg length similar to those observed in Japan and, thus, to a change in body frame. This implies that height-based prediction equations for such populations will need to be periodically updated.
doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1365, hdl.handle.net/1765/82893
Chest: the cardiopulmonary and critical care journal
Department of Pulmonology
Quanjer, P., Kubota, M., Kobayashi, H., Omori, H., Tatsumi, K., Kanazawa, M., … Cole, T. (2015). Secular changes in relative leg length confound height-based spirometric reference values. Chest: the cardiopulmonary and critical care journal, 147(3), 792–797. doi:10.1378/chest.14-1365 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Zika virus likely arrived in U.S. months before it was detected
In three new papers, scientists outline how the Zika virus emerged in Brazil, central America, and the U.S. months before it was detected. By studying DNA changes in the virus as it spread from one place to the next, the researchers were able to trace its path through the Americas. The takeaway: "The Zika virus could have affected human populations beyond the areas currently described. In the U.S., we need to do a better job anticipating the arrival of these emerging viruses and doing active surveillance by going into community health center, clinics and emergency rooms and identifying people with fever and rash to see if they have zika," says Peter Hotez, dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine. Key findings: The virus arrived in Florida likely via the Caribbean in the spring of 2016, several months before it was detected. It was introduced at least 4 separate times. Sequencing 110 genomes from people infected with the virus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit it, researchers traced Zika's rapid expansion in Brazil and spread to Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia and the U.S. They also found mutations they could influence diagnostic testing but report that so far the virus' evolution hasn't affected existing tests. They confirmed the virus hub in the Americas is in northeast Brazil, where it emerged as early as the end of 2013, a year before the country's first reported case. Using a portable genome sequencing lab, researchers were able to generate sequences in the field in Brazil within 48 hours, demonstrating how technologies can be used for real-time analysis of outbreaks. Zika's jump out of Brazil matched A. aegypti's spread due to changes in the season. "The number of human cases correlates with the number of mosquitoes. Actually getting rid of the mosquitoes is an effective way of preventing cases from occurring" says Kristian Andersen, author of one of the studies. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2015 Arras attack
The result was speedy keep. Consensus is to keep per WP:SNOW. Philg88 ♦talk 15:22, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
2015 Arras attack
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Not notable per WP:NNEWS. User created article immediately after event was reported. At best this is too soon. -- Non-Dropframe talk 18:54, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
Created article following dead link on Jean-Hugues_Anglade Unibond (talk) 19:00, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* keep Significant terrorist attack Tough sailor ouch (talk) 02:20, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Comment i think we should wait some time to determine if NOTNEWS applies. ~ EDDY ( talk / contribs ) ~ 20:49, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Comment I think we should really wait several days before making a final decision about keeping this article or not. We don't know if it's a terrorist attack. More info and sources will arrive in the next days. --Deansfa (talk) 21:06, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* It is a terrorist attack, plain and simple. A known suspect brings automatic weapons into a train and starts trying to kill people, stopped by U.S. troops. Only thing plainer would be a bomb. Sandra opposed to terrorism (talk) 22:39, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* This user's first edit was to this AfD, and most of their edits are to this article, this nomination, or related pages. Sandra: What difference does the nationality of the people who thwarted the attack make? AlexTiefling (talk) 08:51, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
*Wait, leaning keep. Allow time for details to come out. Mjroots (talk) 21:12, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* moving my "vote to KEEP - The perpetrator was known to the authorities. A Wikinotable person was involved. Likely changes to operation of high-speed trains in the Shengen area is being talked of. Mjroots (talk) 08:32, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Probably Keep but far too soon for an AFD. ( Three US Marines take down active shooter on a train in France? I'm looking into my crystal ball and I can see little probability of this story failing WP:GNG.) If it's a deranged individual, it may not be notable, but if there is a terrorism link, it almost certainly will be retained. Either way, this debate is premature. Nom might want to withdraw, and revisit this after the dust has settled. Since neither I nor anyone else has an actual crystal ball, it is far too soon to gauge notability.E.M.Gregory (talk) 21:33, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Moreover, deletion tags on the page about significan breaking news stories have the primary impact of making Wikipedia look weird, almost goofball, certainly not like a responsible source of information.E.M.Gregory (talk) 21:44, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep We should leave it up for a while until we know it's not significant. --Article editor (talk) 21:51, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Delete it's news. Wikipedia is not a news station. Articles like this add zero value over and above what is already available on 24 hour media across the world. What a complete waste of time copying out news articles. Encyclopedia can and should wait. -- ℕ ℱ 22:05, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* News sources now saying that the shooter was known to French security services. There is a routine way of treating incidents of this type, see 2015 Chattanooga shootings for the routine manner in which shooting incidents are routinely started as the news breaks, and kept. And this shooter is not dead. There will be a trial, ongoing coverage, coverage of probation proposal in a few years. This story won't fail notability.E.M.Gregory (talk) 22:14, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Happy to wait until notability is established. There's no time limits here. If anyone is desperate to know the details of this incident, they will be already well served by news media - why on earth is an encyclopedia trying to compete with that? -- ℕ ℱ 22:17, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep I came to Wikipedia to read about it because I knew someone would have an article. The French government is saying it is a terrorist attack and it really is one, not just some government official talking about a wannabe terrorist buying some stuff from an undercover agent that has nothing to sell. Sandra opposed to terrorism (talk) 22:30, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
* Wait (keep for now) - I don't really like having current events articles this soon after the first reports, but since it's already here, we should let it be until things are more clear. One possible argument for keeping it for good is the involvement of a WP:Notable person within the wider incident. ansh 666 00:19, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Apparent failed terrorist attack. Significant international news coverage. Michael5046 (talk) 00:35, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Reluctant Delete per WP:NOTNEWS (as distinct from NNEWS which also applies). This is a run of the mill small scale terrorist attack with no fatalities. Even the most minor of such incidents tends to gain mountains of news coverage at least briefly, but that is not the only criteria per WP:EVENT. Most importantly this is very unlikely to have any lasting effects. It is also highly unlikely that news coverage will last more than a couple of days at the most. My guess is that by tomorrow it will have been dropped from the front page everywhere except in France. Not every terrorist incident is notable. -Ad Orientem (talk) 01:46, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Delete This is exactly the type of thing that Wikinews was meant for. If it turns out this is expected to have a much larger impact at the world at large, we can recreate then, but run the mill incidents do not need articles. --M ASEM (t) 01:59, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* To add, those saying that GNG is met, there are no secondary sources yet for the story; newspaper articles that are recounting the events are primary sources. There's no sources that show analysis and transformation of impact on the event to the world at large. So this fails WP:GNG and WP:NEVENT. --M ASEM (t) 14:05, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Probably delete per Ad Orientem. Versus001 (talk) 02:36, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Wikipedia is a address for information about terrorist attacks --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:16, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Terrorism-related deletion discussions. — JJMC89  (T·E·C) 04:46, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of France-related deletion discussions. — JJMC89  (T·E·C) 04:46, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Belgium-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 05:13, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 05:13, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 05:13, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep This is far too early to be AFDing an article on a recent event - the shooter's motivations are not yet fully known and the political ramifications in Europe are not fully known. Wikipedia has plenty of articles on shootings considered terrorist attacks. -- Callinus (talk) 07:03, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* In relation to other issues, please see this Reuters aritcle:"Since the January attacks in Paris there have been other incidents. In June, a suspected Islamist beheaded his boss and tried to blow up a U.S-owned industrial gas plant in the suburbs of Lyon. And in July, French officials said they had prevented an attack on a senior French military official by arresting four people whose leader had links to jailed jihadists... The Belgian government is considering taking extra security measures, a spokesman said."
* There is encyclopedic interest in assessing the outcomes of the security response after the 2015 Île-de-France attacks in terms of their efficacy and cost. -- Callinus (talk) 09:04, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep - too early for AfD. ´this as this point passes WP:GNG.--BabbaQ (talk) 08:29, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep for now, per Ansh666. This might be worth deleting later, but it's not so obviously open-and-shut that we should delete it while the story is developing and is the subject of an ITN nomination. AlexTiefling (talk) 08:51, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep - this is a case of when we should follow policy and not rush to delete news items. We don't know the lasting effect yet. What we do know is fairly monumental, that two guys probably prevented a mass shooting that would have killed dozens if not hundreds. The guy had at least 300 rounds and the people were fish in a barrel with nowhere to go. I think the two guys are going to be feted for quite awhile, and I would not be surprised if there was additional fallout such as some kind of metal detector or at least extra security installed for trains. —Мандичка YO 😜 09:19, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep: The people who resolved this attack were given medals and congratulated by world leaders. This is not an everyday crime by any means '''tAD''' (talk) 11:33, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Quite clearly meets WP:GNG. Lugnuts Dick Laurent is dead 12:13, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* speedy Keep. The nomination was premature, and it is clear that this a very notable event as less than 30 seconds of effort shows it meets WP:GNG with ease. I would support a policy of speedily keeping all AfDs for potentially notable events nominated per WP:NOTNEWS (or similar rationales) within 12 hours of the event happening. Thryduulf (talk) 13:19, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Can we get an admin to snow close this one? Looks like nominator is not going to withdraw, and this will be a highly trafficked article. (Template looks terrible) —Мандичка YO 😜 13:36, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep: This is not an everyday crime, but a potential terrorist attack that was reported by worldwide medias.Christo jones (talk) 13:41, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep The incident is notable per WP:GNG and there are obvious alternatives to deletion per our editing policy. Andrew D. (talk) 13:51, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep as above. --Jenda H. (talk) 14:31, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Norway's Equinor scraps contested plan to drill for oil in Great Australian Bight
MELBOURNE (Reuters) - Norway’s Equinor ASA has abandoned plans to explore for oil in the deep waters off Australia’s south coast, saying it was not “commercially competitive”, following in peers’ footsteps in a move hailed as a big win by green campaigners. Equinor’s decision, announced on Tuesday, comes after Chevron Corp, BP Plc and Karoon Energy Ltd all walked away from promising exploration acreage in the Great Australian Bight, which industry consultants Wood Mackenzie have estimated could hold 1.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Oil companies eyeing the Great Australian Bight have long battled opposition from green groups concerned about potential damage to fishing towns, whale breeding grounds and an unspoiled coastline. Australian regulators had approved Equinor’s drilling plan in December, despite vocal opposition. But Equinor said on Tuesday that following a review of its global exploration portfolio it had decided there were better exploration opportunities elsewhere. “The approval of the Stromlo-1 exploration well Environment Plan confirmed our ability to safely operate in the Bight,” Equinor’s Australia manager Jone Stangeland said in a statement. “However, Equinor has decided to discontinue its plans to drill the Stromlo-1 exploration well, as the opportunity is not commercially competitive,” he said. Equinor, which first acquired a stake in the Ceduna sub-basin license in 2013 and took over as operator in 2017 when BP left, said it had informed national, state and local authorities of its decision. Greenpeace, which has campaigned for years against drilling in the Bight, welcomed Equinor’s move. “This is an incredible win for people power and nature,” Greenpeace Australia Pacific Chief Executive David Ritter said in a statement “The world’s climate cannot afford to open disastrous new oil frontiers,” he said, adding that the Australian government should permanently ban drilling in the Bight. Reporting by Sonali Paul; Editing by Sandra Maler and Kenneth Maxwell | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Yields Surge, Bond ETFs Fall
The U.S. 10-year Treasury bond surged Thursday above 2 percent, marking the biggest two-day gain since mid-February. The big move was fueled by weak demand during the Treasury bond auction Thursday when they sold $29 billion in seven-year notes at a yield of 1.79 percent.
Demands And Bonds
The demand of bonds is indicated by the bid-to-cover ratio, which was down to 2.32 from an average of 2.50. Weak demand results in lower bond prices, which has an inverse relationship to bond yields, and thus higher rates were the end result.
Another force moving the 10-year yield is the increased demand by foreign bond investors seeking higher yields here in the U.S. The eurozone is in full QE (quantitative easing) mode, which is the process of the European Central Bank buying government bonds to push the price up and yields down in order to aid the economy. Many foreign investors seeking a safe haven with higher yields have turned to U.S. Treasuries amid the low rates and chaos within the eurozone.
The seven-year Treasury traded up to 1.78 percent, while the 30-year Treasury yield surged up to 2.60 percent from lows of 2.44 on Wednesday.
Related Link: 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF Collapsing: A Technical Look
Highlighted below three large-bond ETFs that were negatively affected by the sell-off in U.S. government bonds.
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond
The iShares Barclays 20+ Yr Treas.Bond ( ETF ) (NYSE: TLT ) offers investors exposure to 29 long-term U.S. bonds. Over the last 12 months the ETF is up 19 percent and up 13 percent over the last six months. However, on Thursday, the ETF fell almost 2 percent.
The ETF offers a 30-day SEC yield of 2.44 percent and has an expense ratio of 0.15 percent.
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond
The iShares Barclays 7-10 Year Trasry Bnd Fd (NYSE: IEF ) provides exposure to 20 intermediate-term U.S. government bonds. IEF is up 6 percent over the last 12 months and up 5 percent over the last six months. On Thursday, the ETF fell by 0.50 percent.
The bond ETF offers a 30-day SEC yield of 1.85 percent and has an expense ratio of 0.15 percent.
Vanguard Intermediate-Term Government Bond
The Vanguard Intmdte Tm Govt Bd ETF (NASDAQ: VGIT ) is made up of 163 bonds with maturities between three and 10 years. The maturity breakdown of the portfolio has 47 percent of the bonds with maturities between three and five years and 52 percent of the bonds have maturities between five and 10 years. The ETF is up 3 percent over the last 12 months and up 3 percent over the last six months as well. On Thursday, the ETF was down less than 0.3 percent.
The ETF has a 30-day SEC yield of 1.51 percent and an expense ratio of 0.12 percent.
© 2015 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lua Class - client
client is a class that contains 4 properties, 0 methods and 0 events.
This class cannot be constructed, it is managed by Teverse.
Every connected client is represented through this class. You can access a list of connected clients through the networking singleton.
For example, you could iterate over the list of connected clients to your networked tevapp with the following snippet:
for _, client in pairs(teverse.networking.clients) do
print(client.name .. " is in our game!")
end
To access clients, ensure that your tevapp manifest contains the networking permission otherwise the singleton will not be accessible within your app/game.
Properties
READONLY
boolean beta
True if this account has beta privelages
CODE SAMPLE
print(client.beta) --> true
READONLY
string id
Unique GUID for this user
CODE SAMPLE
print(client.id) --> ""
READONLY
number membership
CODE SAMPLE
print(client.membership) --> 1.0
READONLY
string name
Unique name for this user
CODE SAMPLE
print(client.name) --> ""
Methods
Events
Some sections of our docs are maintained on github. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vancouver Island Regional Library
The Vancouver Island Regional Library(VIRL) is the fourth-largest library system in British Columbia. It serves more than 430,000 people on Vancouver Island, Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands) and the Central Coast (Bella Coola) through 39 branch libraries and a books-by-mail service. Administrative offices are located in Nanaimo. Vancouver Island Regional Library opened its doors in 1936 as the Vancouver Island Union Library; it was the second regional library in North America.
Services
Vancouver Island Regional Library offers a books-by-mail service. VIRL has a searchable online catalogue.
* Information and reference services
* Access to full text databases
* Community information
* Internet access
* Reader's advisory services
* Programs for children, youth and adults
* Delivery to homebound individuals
* Interlibrary loan
* Free downloadable audiobooks
Branches
With Central Services on Hammond Bay Road in north Nanaimo, VIRL has branches in Bella Coola, Bowser, Campbell River, Chemainus, Comox, Cortes Island, Courtenay, Cowichan, Cowichan Lake, Cumberland, Daajing Giids, Gabriola Island, Gold River, Hornby Island, Ladysmith, Masset, Nanaimo Harbourfront, Nanaimo North, Nanaimo Wellington, Parksville, Port Alberni, Port Alice, Port Clements, Port Hardy, Port McNeill, Port Renfrew, Quadra Island, Qualicum Beach, Sandspit, Sayward, Sidney/North Saanich, Sointula, Sooke, South Cowichan, Tahsis, Tofino, Ucluelet, Union Bay and Woss. | WIKI |
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