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Psychiatric Emergencies: Emergency Room Tips
Psychiatric Emergencies: Emergency Room Tips
Most people know when to call an ambulance or bring their loved ones to the emergency room when they seem physically ill. But identifying a psychiatric or mental health emergency can sometimes be difficult.
A psychiatric emergency is a severe disturbance of conduct, mood or thoughts of a patient which if goes untreated can harm the victim and the surrounding society at large. Individuals can visit an ER voluntarily, involuntarily through police officers, health officers or a referral from another health professional.
What Emergencies Are Considered Psychiatric Emergencies?
Some of the common conditions that require psychiatric interventions may include:
Attempted Suicide
Suicide rates in the US vary across the country, the highest being in the urban areas. The most affected people are those between the ages of 15-40 years. Psychosocial factors that prompt people to attempt suicide include sudden loss (death, divorce, job, finances, and homes), recent demeaning life event, an unfaithful spouse, HIV, and legal problems and chaotic home environment amongst many others.
Agitated and Violent Patients
Violence is a danger often faced at many health centers. The risk of violence is high in those communities with easy access to firearms and drug /alcohol abuse. The destructive behavior is evident through symptoms such as pacing, slamming doors, clenching of fists or jaw, or being easily startled. It has links to conditions such as acute psychosis, acute intoxication, and paranoid, antisocial, narcissistic and borderline personality disorders.
Intoxication and Substance Abuse
Substance abuse acts as a depressant of the central nervous system; the early effects of intoxication shows through increased talkativeness, giddiness, and a loosening of social inhibitions.
Impaired judgment, concentration, or temporary memory loss could result in behavioral change causing injury or death. The victims may experience delusions and visual hallucinations, confusion, disorientation, and increased aggressiveness which can last for a few hours or a week.
Anxiety and Psychological Stress
Patients suffering from an extreme case of anxiety may seek treatment caused by underlying medical illness or psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.
Natural disasters and human-made hazards can cause extreme psychological stress like shock, panic attacks, intense nightmares, tormenting memories or depression in victims involved in the event.
When Should a Person Go to an ER for A Psychiatric Emergency?
Medical screening at FrontLine ER can help patients gain admittance to a mental health facility for treatment when necessary. Some of the indications that you or your loved ones should go for an emergency mental health evaluation include:
Risk of self-harm or harming others such as:
Announcing in person or on social media that they want to kill themselves or others
Frequent searching online about how to commit suicide
Taking steps such as getting a gun and stockpiling harmful pills
Giving away favorite belongings, making a will or writing a suicide note
Harming themselves by slitting the wrists
Becoming more violent and threaten others with a weapon
Destroying property or starting fires
Becoming paranoid and losing touch with reality
If the victim is in immediate danger, and you aren’t sure you can transport them safely, call 911 or your local emergency number, or head straight to the FrontLine ER.
Treatment of Psychiatric Emergencies at Frontline ER
Management of mental health emergencies at FrontLine ER is usually transitory, and it only serves to provide solutions to stabilize fatal conditions. When the patient arrives at the ER, the first step is to assess their medical situation. The emergency physician will ask about suicidal ideation as a part of the routine assessment. Such questioning helps patients feel at ease and relieved that the suicidal thoughts are only a part of an illness.
If the patient is violent, oral sedation, intramuscular or intravenous injections are administered to bring the patient under control before assessment continues.
Patients suffering from chronic conditions have to be monitored until the medical situation stabilizes, and afterward may be transferred to a psychiatrist at the earliest opportunity.
Treatments vary depending upon the patient’s condition. Doctors can apply different methods of psychiatric medication, psychotherapy, or electroconvulsive therapy. Severely suicidal patients who are depressed need to be treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to provide relief from mental disorders.
Other treatment methods such as psychotherapy may be used to treat acute conditions or immediate mental problems.
This type of treatment requires the patient to understand that his or her issues are psychological. When the patient trusts the emergency physician, there is hope for change because the patient will be motivated to do so. The process of this brief emergency therapy includes the setting up of a primary complaint from the patient, understanding psychosocial factors, formulate and come up with ways to solve the problem, and setting specific goals.
If you are in Richmond or Dallas Texas, it is essential to seek medical advice if you or a family member is experiencing symptoms of mental health emergencies. Check in at FrontLine ER; we are ready to help you deal with such conditions effectively.
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Each year in April people across the country engage in activities to help raise awareness and support a cure for Parkinson’s Disease. According to the Parkinson’s Foundation, over one million Americans live with Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the causes of Parkinson’s disease is an area of emerging medical research. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine. While this disease happens in the brain, the effects are noticed most in changes in physical mobility. People with Parkinson’s may experience the following:
• Tremors of the hands, arms or legs that make it difficult to write or hold objects
• Slow movements or weakness in arms and legs
• Rigidity of muscles
• Gait and balance problems
• Loss of facial expression
Only a doctor can diagnosis Parkinson’s disease. Because of growing research, people with Parkinson’s have many treatment options available to them. Talk to your doctor if you noticed any changes in your loved ones mobility.
How you can make a difference
Adapting to a new daily routine to make each day count is essential to supporting your loved one. The following are ways that caregivers can support seniors with Parkinson’s
Maintain schedule of appointments. Seniors with Parkinson’s need to attend doctors’ visits, speech therapy, occupational therapy and psychologist appointments. Helping schedule appointments and provide transportation is an important part of managing your loved ones health.
Pace activities. Help your loved one adapt to their new ability level by pacing activities and promoting frequent periods of rest.
Provide medication reminders. Caregivers support seniors by providing important reminders to help seniors follow their medication schedule.
Find activities you enjoy together. Provide companionship by helping seniors socialize and cultivate new areas of interest. For example, spending time learning about history together, visiting a museum or playing cards are all simple ways to help seniors maintain a positive and healthy outlook.
To learn more about Parkinson’s Disease, visit https://www.apdaparkinson.org/ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 66.djvu/25
LIST OF REORGANIZATION PLANS CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME Plan No.
1._- Bureau of Internal Revenue 5 Government of the District of Columbia
Effective date
Mar. 15, 1952___ July 1, 1952
Page
823 824
� | WIKI |
Julian Gomez-Cambronero
Summary
Affiliation: Wright State University
Country: USA
Publications
1. Gomez Cambronero J, Ganesan R. Targeting Phospholipase D Genetically and Pharmacologically for Studying Leukocyte Function. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1835:297-314 pubmed publisher
..By using the three-step thorough approach, we could understand the molecular underpinning of PLD in the pathological conditions indicated above, IRI-neutrophilia and atherosclerosis. ..
2. Gomez Cambronero J. Lack of effective translational regulation of PLD expression and exosome biogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2018;37:491-507 pubmed publisher
..A new signaling miR•PARN•PLD node could serve as new biomarkers for TNBC abnormal signaling and metastatic disease staging, potentially before metastases are able to be visualized using conventional imaging. ..
3. Gomez Cambronero J. New concepts in phospholipase D signaling in inflammation and cancer. ScientificWorldJournal. 2010;10:1356-69 pubmed publisher
..In summary, the involvement of PLD2 in cell signaling continues to expand geometrically. It involves gene transcription, mitogenic and cell migration effects as seen in normal growth, tumor development, and inflammation. ..
4. Mahankali M, Alter G, Gomez Cambronero J. Mechanism of enzymatic reaction and protein-protein interactions of PLD from a 3D structural model. Cell Signal. 2015;27:69-81 pubmed publisher
..Since tumor-aggravating properties have been found in mice overexpressing PLD2 enzyme, the 3D model of PLD2 will be also useful, to a large extent, in developing pharmaceuticals to modulate its in vivo activity. ..
5. Ganesan R, Mahankali M, Alter G, Gomez Cambronero J. Two sites of action for PLD2 inhibitors: The enzyme catalytic center and an allosteric, phosphoinositide biding pocket. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1851:261-72 pubmed publisher
6. Hatton N, Lintz E, Mahankali M, Henkels K, Gomez Cambronero J. Phosphatidic Acid Increases Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression by Stabilizing mRNA Decay and by Inhibiting Lysosomal and Proteasomal Degradation of the Internalized Receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 2015;35:3131-44 pubmed publisher
..Thus, PLD2-mediated production of PA contributed to the control of EGFR exposure to ligand through a multipronged transcriptional and posttranscriptional program during the out-of-control accumulation of EGFR signaling in cancer cells. ..
7. Gomez Cambronero J. The exquisite regulation of PLD2 by a wealth of interacting proteins: S6K, Grb2, Sos, WASp and Rac2 (and a surprise discovery: PLD2 is a GEF). Cell Signal. 2011;23:1885-95 pubmed publisher
..This provides only the latest level of PLD2 regulation in a field that promises newer and exciting advances in the next few years. ..
8. Fite K, Elkhadragy L, Gomez Cambronero J. A Repertoire of MicroRNAs Regulates Cancer Cell Starvation by Targeting Phospholipase D in a Feedback Loop That Operates Maximally in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2016;36:1078-89 pubmed publisher
..It can further prevent inhibition of apoptosis and allow cells to survive nutrient deprivation, which normal cells cannot do. ..
9. Ganesan R, Mallets E, Gomez Cambronero J. The transcription factors Slug (SNAI2) and Snail (SNAI1) regulate phospholipase D (PLD) promoter in opposite ways towards cancer cell invasion. Mol Oncol. 2016;10:663-76 pubmed publisher
..The newly uncovered feedback loops in highly invasive cancer cells have important implications in the process of EMT. ..
More Information
Publications20
1. Miller T, Gomez Cambronero J. A feedback mechanism between PLD and deadenylase PARN for the shortening of eukaryotic poly(A) mRNA tails that is deregulated in cancer cells. Biol Open. 2017;6:176-186 pubmed publisher
..In summary, we report for the first time the involvement of a phospholipase (PLD2) and PA in mediating PARN-induced eukaryotic mRNA decay and the crosstalk between the two enzymes that is deregulated in breast cancer cells. ..
2. Gomez Cambronero J, Morris A, Henkels K. PLD Protein-Protein Interactions With Signaling Molecules and Modulation by PA. Methods Enzymol. 2017;583:327-357 pubmed publisher
..Detection of PA in mammalian cells with a new biosensor showed colocalization in and around the nucleus. We also described methods for quantitation of PA in biological materials by HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. ..
3. Gomez Cambronero J, Carman G. Thematic minireview series on phospholipase D and cancer. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:22554-6 pubmed publisher
..PLD represents a potential target for the rational development of therapeutics against cancer and other diseases. ..
4. Speranza F, Mahankali M, Henkels K, Gomez Cambronero J. The molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion involving phosphatidic acid and phospholipase D. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:28885-97 pubmed publisher
..A prolonged adhesion could effectively counteract the reversible intrinsic nature of this cellular process and constitute a key player in chronic inflammation. ..
5. Gomez Cambronero J. Phosphatidic acid, phospholipase D and tumorigenesis. Adv Biol Regul. 2014;54:197-206 pubmed publisher
6. Henkels K, Mallets E, Dennis P, Gomez Cambronero J. S6K is a morphogenic protein with a mechanism involving Filamin-A phosphorylation and phosphatidic acid binding. FASEB J. 2015;29:1299-313 pubmed publisher
..This new signaling set, PA-S6K-FLNA-actin, sheds light for the first time into the morphogenic pathway of cytoskeletal structures that are crucial for adhesion and cell locomotion during inflammation and metastasis. ..
7. request reprint
Gomez Cambronero J, Horn J, Paul C, Baumann M. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003;171:6846-55 pubmed
..These data indicate that GM-CSF exhibits chemotactic functionality and suggest new avenues for the investigation of the molecular basis of chemotaxis as it relates to inflammation and tissue injury. ..
8. Speranza F, Mahankali M, Gomez Cambronero J. Macrophage migration arrest due to a winning balance of Rac2/Sp1 repression over ?-catenin-induced PLD expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2013;94:953-62 pubmed publisher
..If this immobilization is prolonged enough, it could lead to chronic inflammation. ..
9. Fite K, Gomez Cambronero J. Down-regulation of MicroRNAs (MiRs) 203, 887, 3619 and 182 Prevents Vimentin-triggered, Phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated Cancer Cell Invasion. J Biol Chem. 2016;291:719-30 pubmed publisher
10. Gomez Cambronero J, Fite K, Miller T. How miRs and mRNA deadenylases could post-transcriptionally regulate expression of tumor-promoting protein PLD. Adv Biol Regul. 2018;68:107-119 pubmed publisher
11. Gomez Cambronero J, Frye T, Baumann M. Ribosomal p70S6K basal activity increases upon induction of differentiation of myelomonocytic leukemic cell lines HL60, AML14 and MPD. Leuk Res. 2004;28:755-62 pubmed | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Get Started with Connect Direct AWS for Lightning-Fast Internet Connections
Amazon Direct Connect is a service that can help you to connect directly to the AWS environment while being in their current environment.
The connection is used to bypass your internet provider and create virtual interfaces that can be directly connected to the AWS cloud.
This is the ultimate Direct AWS Connect instruction that will assist you in launching the application.
What is AWS Direct Connect and How Does It Work?
Amazon Direct Connect creates a connection that is superior to your internet service provider using a standard fiber-optic Ethernet line. This function has the benefit of being both time and cost-effective since a direct link is formed. With this connection, a virtual private cloud may be created.
The simplest way to access your Amazon resources is through the cloud service provided by AWS Direct Connect. This prevents your network traffic from ever leaving the Amazon global network and entering the open internet.
By doing this, the likelihood of encountering bottlenecks or unanticipated latency increases is decreased.
At over 100 Amazon Direct Connect sites globally, you may establish an AWS communication line or choose a hosted connection supplied by an AWS Direct Connect Delivery Partner.
You may establish private network connectivity between your global network's offices and data centers by sending data across Amazon Direct Connect sites using AWS Direct Connect SiteLink.
What Protocol Does AWS Direct Connect Use?
AWS Direct Connect uses IPv4 and IPv6 communication protocols. IPv6 is now frequently used as the default in new network installations. Being an IPv6 leader, you get experience managing and delivering apps on modern networks.
You can create and implement a worldwide environment using an end-to-end IPv6 connection with AWS.
You can host apps in IPv6-only and dual-stack virtual networking environments, and offer IPv6 connection between Amazon VPCs and the outside world.
IPv6 makes web architecture easier on AWS by reducing the need for translation methods. Additionally, it eliminates the necessity for intricate private IPv4 systems built to get around limited public IPv4 addresses.
Most Common AWS Direct Connect Use Case
You can use AWS Direct Connect for a variety of applications. Some of the common use cases include:
1. 1
Manage Large Datasets
Make sure that smooth and reliable data transfers are carried out on a wide scale for quick data backup, real-time analysis, or broadcast media processing.
2. 2
Building Hybrid Networks
Develop hybrid networks to construct cross-environment applications without compromising quality. Integrate your on-premises and AWS networks together.
3. 3
Extend Your Current Network
After connecting your network to Direct Connect, you could employ SiteLink to transfer data between your locations. When using SiteLink, data is transmitted over the shortest route possible.
AWS Direct Connect vs AWS Private Link: Features & Pricing
The ability to establish a network connection with AWS from our location is made possible by the cloud service AWS Direct Connect. It helps with data transmission through a private connection between the facilities and AWS.
On the other hand, AWS PrivateLink simplifies data security. When using cloud apps, it restricts data from being transferred on the open Internet. You can connect services from different accounts and VPCs using PrivateLink. As a result, the network design becomes simple.
Parameters
AWS Direct Connect
AWS Private Link
Availability
Worldwide except China
Same-region and cross-region access
SECURITY
It does not encrypt your traffic automatically
The connection is encrypted via IPSec.
network
Starts at 50 Gbps
Maximum 4Gbps
price
$0.02 - $0.19 for data transfer
$0.05/hour and $0.09 for every data transfer
installation
You need an experienced team to set up the VPN
It is relatively quick and easier to install.
What are the Main AWS Direct Connect Locations?
AWS Direct Connect is accessible everywhere in the world, except China. It is sometimes reachable from other data centers run by the same operator on the same site using regular cross-connects. The main AWS Direct Connect locations include:
• Hong Kong
• Jakarta
• Mumbai
• Seoul
• Singapore
• Melbourne
• Sydney
• Tokyo
How to Set Up AWS Direct Connect?
Before setting up AWS Direct Connect, there are some prerequisites that need to be met, such as:
• Your network must have a single-mode fiber and a 1000BASE-LX for 1,10, or 100 Gigabit Ethernet.
• The auto-negotiation for a port must be turned off for connections with port speeds of greater than 1 Gbps.
• There must be support for 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation throughout the entire connection.
• Your device should be compatible with the Border Gateway Protocol and MD5 authentication of the same protocol.
Here is how you can set up AWS Direct Connect:
1. 1
Sign up for Amazon Web Services.
2. 2
Ask for an AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection or accept a hosted connection.
3. 3
Download the LOA-CFA.
4. 4
Create a virtual interface.
5. 5
Download the router configuration.
6. 6
Verify your virtual interface.
7. 7
Configure redundant connections.
What Are The Benefits of AWS Direct Connect?
AWS Direct Connect offers a number of benefits for its users, such as:
• Cost Reduction:
Cost reductions of 60% to 70% on data egress rates.
• Best performance:
The computer nodes of AWS are geographic, which means 44% less latency and fewer network hops.
• Reliability:
Connections made at the edge of the AWS network backbone provide up to a 60% reduction in unpredictability, which makes AWS a reliable service provider.
• Enhanced security:
A private and secure interface is offered between your on-premises network and your Amazon VPC.
Conclusion
AWS Direct Connect is an alternative to using the Internet to access quick data transfers. AWS Direct Connect allows users to have secure, low latency, and private connections to AWS for applications that require lower latency or more speed than the internet.
Private network connections have various advantages over internet-based connections, including lower prices, greater bandwidth, and more reliable network performance.
About the author
Youssef
Youssef is a Senior Cloud Consultant & Founder of ITCertificate.org
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Rotational dynamics of phospholamban determined by multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance
Yuri E. Nesmelov, Christine B Karim, Likai Song, Peter G. Fajer, David D Thomas
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
40 Scopus citations
Abstract
We have used multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance to define the multistate structural dynamics of an integral membrane protein, phospholamban (PLB), in a lipid bilayer. PLB is a key regulator of cardiac calcium transport, and its function requires transitions between distinct states of intramolecular dynamics. Monomeric PLB was synthesized with the TOAC spin label at positions 11 (in the cytoplasmic domain) and 46 (in the transmembrane domain) and reconstituted into lipid bilayers. Unlike other protein spin labels, TOAC reports directly the motion of the peptide backbone, so quantitative analysis of its dynamics is worthwhile. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra at 9.4 GHz (X-band) and 94 GHz (W-band) were analyzed in terms of anisotropic rotational diffusion of the two domains. Motion of the transmembrane domain is highly restricted, while the cytoplasmic domain exhibits two distinct conformations, a major one with moderately restricted nanosecond dynamics (T) and another with nearly unrestricted subnanosecond motion (R). The global analysis of spectra at two frequencies yielded values for the rotational correlation times and order parameters that were much more precisely determined than at either frequency alone. Multifrequency EPR is a powerful approach for analysis of complex rotational dynamics of proteins.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2805-2812
Number of pages8
JournalBiophysical journal
Volume93
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2007
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants No. AR48961 (Y.E.N.), No. AR32961 (D.D.T.), and No. GM27906 (D.D.T.), and National Science Foundation grant No. MCB 0346650 (P.G.F.). NLSL software was kindly provided by Dr. D. Budil (Northeastern University).
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Treena Arinzeh
Treena Livingston Arinzeh (born 1970) is an American biomedical engineer and academic.
She is professor of biomedical engineering at Columbia University, joining in 2022. She was formerly a Distinguished Professor in Biomedical Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark, New Jersey. She is known for her research on adult stem-cell therapy. Arinzeh takes part in the American Chemical Society's Project Seeds program, opening up her lab for high school students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds for summer internships.
Early life and education
Arinzeh was born in 1970 and raised in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. She became interested in science by conducting imaginary experiments in the kitchen with her mother, who was a home economics teacher. She was encouraged to pursue a STEM career by her high school physics teacher.
Arinzeh studied Mechanical Engineering at Rutgers University, receiving a B.S. in 1992. She earned a M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1994. She continued her graduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania, completing a PhD in Biomedical Engineering in 1999.
Research and career
Arinzeh worked for Baltimore, Maryland-based Osiris Therapeutics as a product development engineer. In 2001, she returned to academia and started working at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) in Newark, New Jersey, where she founded the first Tissue Engineering and Applied Biomaterials Laboratory at NJIT in the fall of 2001. She was at NJIT until 2022 as a Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering. She joined Columbia University as a Professor in Biomedical Engineering in 2022. She has published over 60 journal articles, conference proceedings, and book chapters.
Her current research focuses on systematic studies of the effect of biomaterial properties on stem cell differentiation. She is known for discovering that mixing stem cells with scaffolding allows regeneration of bone growth and the repair of tissue damage.
She discovered that one person's stem cells could be implanted in another person without causing an adverse immune response. In 2018, she received an QED award to work on the recovery time and cost patients experience after bone grafting procedures.
She was nominated by the Governor of Connecticut to the Connecticut Stem Cell Research Advisory Committee.
She is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) and the Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES).
She is currently a co-PI and the Director of Diversity of the NSF Science and Technology Center on Engineering Mechano-Biology, which is a multi-institutional center with the University of Pennsylvania and Washington University in St. Louis.
In addition, Arinzeh actively tries to increase representation of minority students in biomedical engineering by being a mentor as part of the Project Seeds program supported by the American Chemical Society. Every summer, she invites 40 to 50 teens from under-represented groups to her lab to learn about engineering and her research.
In 2018, Arinzeh was selected to be a Judge for Nature scientific journal's newly created Innovating Science Panel Award.
Awards
* 2018: QED Award recipient
* 2018: George Bugliarello Prize winner
* 2010: Grio Awards recipient
* 2004: Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers recipient
* 2003: Faculty Early Career Development Award recipient, awarded by the National Science Foundation
Select Publications
* 2017: Three-dimensional piezoelectric fibrous scaffolds selectively promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials.
* 2015: The effect of PVDF-TrFE scaffolds on stem cell derived cardiovascular cells. Biotechnology & Bioengineering.
* 2015: An investigation of common crosslinking agents on the stability of electrospun collagen scaffolds. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
* 2013: Examining the formulation of emulsion electrospinning for improving the release of bioactive proteins from electrospun fibers. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
* 2005: "A comparative study of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for human mesenchymal stem-cell-induced bone formation" Biomaterials. | WIKI |
Mevlüt Erdinç
Mevlüt Erdinç (surname spelt Erding in France; born 25 February 1987) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Born in France to Turkish parents, he spent most of his career in his country of birth, recording 295 games and 92 goals in Ligue 1. He won the Coupe de France in 2007 and 2010, with Sochaux and Paris Saint-Germain respectively, and also represented Rennes, Saint-Étienne, Guingamp and Metz in France's highest division.
Erdinç played for France at under-17 level before switching to Turkey from under-19 onwards. He made his senior debut for the latter in March 2008 and represented them at UEFA Euro 2008, in which they were semi-finalists.
Sochaux
Born in Saint-Claude, Jura, Erdinç began his development at his hometown club and Jura Sud Foot before joining the ranks of Sochaux in 2000.
Erdinç was promoted to the first-team squad in the 2005–06 Ligue 1 season, scoring a last-minute goal on his debut to gift his side a 1–0 victory away at Ajaccio. Despite early promise, it was not until the 2007–08 season that he was able to hold down a first-team place, becoming the club's top-scorer with 11 goals in 28 appearances in the process. Notably, he scored in the 1–0 win against Grenoble on the final day of the 2008–09 season; Sochaux needed at least a point in order to confirm their top flight status in Ligue 1 for the next season, thus securing their survival. He was their leading goal scorer for the 2008–09 season with 12 goals.
Paris Saint-Germain
Mevlüt signed for Paris Saint-Germain on 28 June 2009 on a four-year contract, for a reported €9 million transfer fee. Having previously scored 11 goals in the league for the past two seasons for relegation-threatened Sochaux, there was heavy speculation regarding his future prior to the move to PSG. Aston Villa, Fulham, Newcastle United and Wigan Athletic all reportedly showed interest in the player throughout May 2009, as well as French sides Bordeaux and Lyon.
He scored his first goal for PSG in a pre-season friendly match away to Fiorentina in Italy on 29 July 2009, a game in which PSG won 3–0. He also played against Rangers in the Emirates Cup on 1 August 2009, but failed to get on the score sheet. He scored his first Ligue 1 goal for PSG in the second week of the 2009–10 season in PSG's 3–1 win at home to Le Mans. In his first month playing for the Paris club, he was selected as Ligue 1 Player of the Month in August by 31 percent of fans who voted on the official website. In late October 2009, a foot injury saw him ruled out of action for approximately four weeks, but nonetheless had still managed to score six league goals in 11 games by December.
In March 2010, Erdinç scored his first hat-trick for PSG in a 4–1 home win against his former club, Sochaux. He finished as PSG's top scorer in the 2009–10 Ligue and third-placed in the overall league scoring charts, having scored 15 goals in the league and 19 in all games. He was also voted Paris Saint-Germain's Player of the Year for the 2009–10 season.
Various injuries in the 2010–11 season meant that Erdinç could not capture his form from the previous year, and scored just nine goals, eight in Ligue 1. After the takeover of PSG in 2011 by the Qatar Investment Group and a number of high-profile arrivals, such as club-record signing of Javier Pastore for €42 million, Erdinç's place in the first-team looked in danger. Despite much interest from Newcastle United, Rennes and Galatasaray, it was confirmed that he would stay in Paris after an impressive start to the 2011–12 season. In his second game of the season, after coming on as a substitute, he scored in the 90th minute in a game against Toulouse to make it 2–1 and three minutes later, made an assist for Jérémy Ménez to score, ending the game 3–1.
On 23 September, after a series of successful performances, Erdinç was offered a one-year contract extension through to the end of the 2013–14 season.
Rennes
On 25 January 2012, receiving limited playing time under manager Carlo Ancelotti, Erdinç was transferred to Rennes for a €7.5 million transfer fee, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract.
Saint-Étienne
On 1 September 2013, transfer deadline day, Erdinç joined Saint-Étienne in a reported €4 million deal. He made his debut for Les Verts on 14 September, playing 81 minutes in the 3–1 win over Valenciennes. It took Erdinç until 24 November 2013 to score his first goal for Saint-Étienne, scoring the only goal in their away victory over Nice when he stole the ball from goalkeeper Lucas Veronese and tapped it into an empty net. He followed this up with four goals in his next five matches for the club, the final goal of a 4–0 victory over Stade Reims on 30 November, a consolation goal in a 3–1 defeat to former club Rennes, the equalizer in an eventual 2–1 Coupe de la Ligue defeat to former club PSG, and a penalty in Saint-Étienne's 2–0 defeat of Nantes on 21 December.
In the penultimate league match of the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season, Erdinç scored a first-half brace as Saint-Étienne defeated Nantes 3–1 at the Stade de la Beaujoire on 10 May 2014. He then scored Saint-Étienne's second goal, in between strikes from Loïc Perrin, in a 3–1 over Ajaccio on 17 May, securing a 20th league win of the season, fourth place in the league table and a spot in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. He finished his first season with Saint-Étienne as the club's top-scorer, netting 11 Ligue 1 goals and 12 in all competitions.
In Saint-Étienne's opening match of the 2014–15 Ligue 1 season, Erdinç scored both goals as the side completed a 2–0 win over Guingamp on 9 August 2014. In their next league fixture, he slotted a home a Romain Hamouma cross to secure a 3–1 come from behind victory over Reims, continuing the club's undefeated start to the season.
Hannover 96
On 17 July 2015, Erdinç signed a three-year contract with Bundesliga side Hannover 96 for a reported fee of €3.5 million.
Guingamp (Loan)
On 7 January 2016, Erdinç was loaned to Guingamp for the remainder of the 2015–16 season. He went on to score 4 goals in 15 league appearances.
Metz (Loan)
On 10 June 2016, it was announced that Erdinç would spend the 2016–17 season on loan with newly promoted Ligue 1 side Metz.
İstanbul Başakşehir
On 13 July 2017, Erdinç moved to Turkey for the first time in his career, joining İstanbul Başakşehir. He was one of several internationals signed by the club that summer, among the others were Gaël Clichy, Eljero Elia, Gökhan Inler and Manuel da Costa.
At the end of his first season in his ancestral company, he told French regional newspaper Le Progrès that he wished to finish his career at the club.
Antalyaspor (Loan)
On 31 August 2018, Erdinç was loaned to Antalyaspor for 2018–19 season. On 31 May 2019, his loan agreement has finalized and Erdinç returned Başakşehir.
Fenerbahçe
On 30 August 2019, Erdinç joined Fenerbahçe S.K. on a two-season contract.
Fatih Karagümrük
On 3 September 2020, Erdinç signed with the newly promoted Süper Lig side Fatih Karagümrük.
Kocaelispor
In 2021 he signed with Kocaelispor, playing in the TFF 1. Lig.
Ümraniyespor
In 2022, he signed with Ümraniyespor, playing in the TFF 1. Lig, but terminated his contract at the end of 2021–22 season.
Racing Besançon and retirement
On 2 July 2022, Erdinç signed with Racing Besançon, playing in the Championnat National 2 ahead of 2022–23 season. Two months later, after not making an appearance for the club, he agreed the termination of his contract and announced his retirement.
International career
Erdinç has dual nationality and was thus eligible to represent both Turkish and French internationally. He ultimately earned his first senior international cap, however, for Turkey on 26 March 2008 in a 2–2 draw with Belarus. On 10 May 2008, Fatih Terim announced Erdinç's inclusion in Turkey's 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008. He started in the first XI against Turkey's first opponent Portugal, though he was substituted after the first half in an eventual 2–0 defeat. Additionally, he came on as a second-half substitute in the semi-final against Germany, a 3–2 loss that eliminated Turkey.
On 11 October 2008, Erdinç scored his first international goal, the winner in a 2–1 home victory against Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. He added two away goals in qualification for the 2014 edition, opening a 3–1 loss to Hungary and concluding a 2–0 win over Romania, as Turkey again failed to reach the final tournament.
Terim named Erdinç in Turkey's preliminary 27-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016 in France, though he was one of four cut before the final deadline.
Personal life
Erdinç is the youngest of eight children born to parents who emigrated from Yozgat, Turkey, to France in 1973. In January 2010, he received a medal of honour from his town of birth, Saint-Claude.
International
* Scores and results list Turkey's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Erdinç goal.
Honours
Sochaux
* Coupe de France: 2006–07
Paris Saint-Germain
* Coupe de France: 2009–10
Turkey
* UEFA European Championship third place: 2008 | WIKI |
Move to Move (song)
"Move to Move" is a song by Canadian duo Kon Kan, released as the fourth single from their 1989 debut album Move to Move. The song peaked at No. 84 in Canada.
"Move to Move" was re-recorded for the 1993 album Vida!..., titled as "Move to Move (Revisited)". This version has more of a rock sound than the original synthpop version. | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:In the news/Nobel
Emphasis added:
* The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards "for the development of in vitro fertilization".
* The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".
* The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 was awarded jointly to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis".
* The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 was awarded to Mario Vargas Llosa "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat".
* The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 was awarded to Liu Xiaobo "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China". | WIKI |
Page:Felt’s Parliamentary Procedure Upload 2.pdf/195
§ 165 The Chairman: When the original resolution was before the assembly it was moved to amend the resolution by striking out certain words from the resolution. It was then moved to amend the amendment by striking out certain words from the proposed amendment. The amendment to the amendment was adopted. In other words, the assembly, by adopting the amendment to the amendment, has decided these words shall not be struck out of the resolution; they, therefore, remain a part of the original resolution.
By adopting the amended amendment the assembly has decided what words shall be struck out of the resolution. Therefore the resolution, as amended, is “Resolved, That the French Revolution was due to bad government and to the revolutionary spirit of the times. As many as favor the amended resolution say aye. . . . Those opposed no. .. . The ayes have it. The amended resolution is adopted.
Mr. Dolton (obtaining the floor): I move we adjourn. | WIKI |
Alaska Air joins rivals in eliminating schedule change fees
Alaska Air Group Inc. said Tuesday it is permanently eliminating schedule change fees on all domestic and international flights, effective immediately, as the air carrier joins a number of rivals to do so, starting with United Airlines Holdings Inc. . Alaska Air said the new policy applies to all tickets, except for Saver fares. The previous $125 change fee applied to all non-Saver flights, except for those traveling on refundable tickets and top elite status members of its Mileage Plan loyalty program. "COVID has taught us that flexibility in travel is key," said Chief Commercial Officer Andrew Harrison. "As we evolve our approach to travel to include more than 100 safety actions, it's important to give our guests flexibility when they book by eliminating change fees." Alaska Air's stock slipped 0.4% in premarket trading Tuesday. It has dropped 42.5% year to date through Monday, while the U.S. Global Jets ETF has shed 43.6% and the S&P 500 has gained 8.3%. United said early Monday that it was eliminating change fees, Delta Air lines Inc. and American Airlines Group Inc. followed with similar moves. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
A level history aqa Watch
How would you answer this question for a essay? "the courts of James 1st and Charles 1st were only important for the entertainment and social activities that took place there" explain why you agree or disagree with this view
If you agree it was only good for entertainment and social activities, then you should dismiss any advantages, talk about expense and that other important things happened outside court.
If you disagree, then you need to identify what else went on at court and why it was important, things like diplomacy, politics, keeping an eye on enemies, using it as a reward or punishment. How important were these activities?
You will only know by doing your research, finding your reasons and then supporting them with evidence you have found. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Wildmoka grabs $8 million to help you clip live video in real time – TechCrunch
Meet Wildmoka, a French startup that wants to streamline video editing during live events. Wildmoka is particularly useful for broadcasting companies that want to share highlights of live TV programs on social networks. The company just raised an $8 million Series A round led by Alven Capital, with existing investor Apicap also participating. Clients tend to use Wildmoka for all sorts of programming, from sports to entertainment. Customers include NBC Sports, NBC News, France Télévisions, Canal+, Fox, Orange, beIN Sports and more. They use the service to cut and publish clips on multiple platforms at the same time — it can be social network accounts, a website or a mobile app. Wildmoka is also betting on web-based products so that anybody can use them. The startup is aware that social teams and video teams are often two different teams. That’s why social teams need easy-to-use tools because video is not necessarily their core focus. You can cut clips in your browser and share without ever leaving the service. Alven Capital partner Raffi Kamber also thinks that there is a big opportunity when it comes to leveraging machine learning with live video. This way, sharing clips could be even more automatized. Some clients also use Wildmoka in customer-facing services. For instance, if you’re producing an award show, you might want to let your users share clips from the app to comment on the show with their friends. Wildmoka already has five offices, and the company plans to grow its customer base and work on product improvements. And each customer is probably worth quite a bit of money. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Sample restriction using magnetic field gradients in high-resolution solid-state NMR
Many solid-state NMR experiments are sensitive to inhomogeneity in the radiofrequency field. We propose a method to restrict the sample volume, in magic angle spinning experiments, using a static magnetic field gradient and a selective pulse. The position of the gradient is calculated for our experimental configuration and we have simulated the effects of selective pulses to determine the excited volume. The resulting sequences are applied to a sample of sodium acetate using frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg proton-proton homonuclear dipolar decoupling. A gain of a factor of 2 on the carbon resolution is experimentally observed. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
Published in:
Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 145, 2, 334-339
Year:
2000
Publisher:
ACADEMIC PRESS INC
ISSN:
1090-7807
Laboratories:
Record created 2015-01-08, last modified 2018-09-13
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Soft tissue healing
Soft tissue healing process or phases of remodeling. What happens as we heal? When aware of this information you're less apt to become frustrated when not healing as fast as you think you should. This is why I decided to put this page under health tips. Working with semi pro football players anxious to get back on the field I found explaining this subject a good thing with regards to realistic expectations.
Once soft tissues are injured the pain and inflammation may eventually resolve, but the healing process continues long after that. The function of those repaired tissues may not completely return. When scar tissue lays down over an injury the tissues lose elasticity, become weakened and function is reduced. Tissues are prone to reinjury. Depending on the severity, a person may not notice any weakness and re-injury never occur. But, re-injury is possible without adequate rehabilitation to strengthen both the injured area and also those structures adjacent or associated with the original injury.
Ideally, we want to engage in activities that promote the tissues becoming both stronger and more flexible. Massage techniques such as cross fiber friction can help restore some of that function but not all of it. This is why treating an injury correctly, right away, putting your rehab time in - doing your part, and allowing the body time to heal itself are essential. This being equally important in both the short and long termed process. One might ask, "well can't soft tissues heal on their own?" Yes, but there's more information below the stages of healing section that helps lay the groundwork for a more complete answer.
Those stages of soft tissue healing are:
1) Acute – 0-72 hours, Inflammation will occur along with pain, swelling, warmth to the area, and redness. The key here is to keep swelling down. You're not going to eliminate all of it and some is actually necessary for proper soft tissue healing to take place. Another words the damage has already been done so what we're doing is trying to keep the body from over reacting to the trauma that has occurred. We use the concept RICE rest, ice, compression and elevation. Rest helps the body stabilize thus preventing further damage to the injured area as the body sets up for the 2nd phase of soft tissue healing. Ice helps to constrict excessive swelling and also helps decrease pain through it's analgesic nature. Compression helps to keep swelling down. Elevation is about keeping swelling down. So, the key during this stage, yep, you guessed it … keep swelling down and reduce pain as much as possible. The role of massage for the injury itself, at this stage, isn't a good idea Concentrate more on the RICE and your body's own natural ability to heal.
2) Sub acute – Depending on your age, health, extent of the injury etc. The starting of the sub acute phase can start a bit earlier. It's possible to occur at 48 hours. It can also take as long as up to six weeks. Most often it's around three weeks. Again, this can all depend on the general health of the injured person. Their age, those with vascular problems, whether they've re- aggravated the injury etc can all play a factor in how long this phase of soft tissue healing will last. It's at this stage that significant gains in soft tissue healing or repair work is done. Dead cells are being removed and reparitive tissue is laid down over the injury. This reparitive tissue needs time to set up properly, sort of like jello, without it being re aggravated by further tearing or swelling. This is where a vascular flush or contrast baths can help. The vascular flush helps in creating a pump like situation that facilitates the removal of dead cells and bringing in the reparitive cells. During this stage massage can be done if done carefully. The primary goal for massage isn't to aid in soft tissue healing of the injury (the body does that well enough on its own) so much as reduce the amount of pain in the surrounding areas and reduce further and probably unnecessary muscle guarding. So, what I'd do as at home user of massage is this. Say you have an ankle injury. Work the back of the knee on up to the hip with a fair amount of deep effleurage. Stay away from the injury itself unless you have experience in judging injuries. What I will do is some very light massage around day ten or so to the site, but my intentions are calculated and deliberate. Additionally, chances are I am going to know the health of the person, their age, etc etc. On a site such as this, I'd think you're safe going to the next joint up and massaging without aggravating the injury. Just keep in mind if it hurts don't do it. I know this is simplistic, but, that's why we have pain receptors to let us know.
3) Chronic – Your chronic stage can last up to a year or more as the repairs that are done in the sub acute stage become stronger. It may very well be that you'll never regain the full function that you once had as the repaired tissue will not be as strong or flexible as they once were. This can leave you more prone to additional injuries. Massage in this phase is about restoring flexibility to the injured areas and it's surroundings. One of the big keys is reducing the amount of adhesions that are formed. What we want is the collagen (repair tissue) to line up properly (this allows for you to have more function) – this comes by way of massage, stretching, movement and strengthening exercises. When collagen (repair tissue necessary for soft tissue healing) lays down over an injury, it's very indiscriminate thereby making for some overlapping (gluing so to speak) to adjacent structures that cause binding and shortening of those structures such as other muscles and tendons.
Can soft tissues heal on their own?
One thing I have noticed on occasion is wall posters showing the basic stages of soft tissue healing that we will all go through if an injury occurs regardless of receiving any treatment or not. The twist on these "patient education" posters lead you to believe that these natural stages of soft tissue healing occurs because of the treatment that you're receiving, or will receive. What you'll see is something along the lines of increased number of treatments at the beginning of care that fades over time in correlation with the stages of healing that we all go through anyway, again, treated or not. Often you'll find these kinds of posters where exams are done and the exact same treatment plan is employed for every person that comes through the door. I might point out that part of the reason for any exam is to gather information about the person so a rough idea on what treatment plan might be best for them as an individual. Some of that information might include medical history, assessing the extent of symptoms presented, how long the symptoms have been present, identifying specific factors that might impede treatment, their age, lifestyle etc. These kinds of things are different from person to person and will and should alter the specific treatment plan for each individual, but obviously this isn't always the case. Am I alone in my views? No! Dr. Bill Kinsinger in this video (at about the 5:18 mark of the video) here says, “70% of the patients suffering from acute low back pain will get better in three weeks no matter what they do, no matter who they go see, or if they go see nobody. If we did a better job of spending more time with the patient and giving them better explanations, they'd probably be more happy with our care. But, the chiropractors they're very good at that and I give them credit.” Dr. Kinsinger's views are his own and the inclusion of his video is not included on this page to be disparaging to the chiropractic profession. But, he brings up a good point relevant to the topic of soft tissue healing. Aside from the more serious cases where professional treatment is necessary to facilitate adequate soft tissue healing, healing will indeed take place on it's own. In a lot of cases at home instructions are adequate. In other cases, professional consultation might be very helpful for knowing which exercises and stretches to do. And don't discount the benefits of chiropractic. The key is to gather as much information as you can. Often people want cradle to grave healthcare provided to them with absolutely no effort put forth on their part. And, there's plenty of health providers out there happy to accommodate, so long as you have the insurance benefits or cash to pay for it. Another thing observed, and this is a matter of perspective, are clients that come in for something that I know is relatively simple (a slam dunk), but to them it feels more serious, usually do to the amount of pain. Well, once that simple fix (again, matter of perspective) is applied with successful results and the person is feeling better, that person is usually very grateful and also very inclined to do whatever future treatment plan is prescribed--because they don't want a recurrence of the problem. In such cases, what should be happening is the provider telling the person, "hey look if you do this, that, and the other for yourself, the amount of professional treatment necessary will be significantly less. But if you do absolutely nothing on your part, expect the amount of professional treatment necessary to increase because the problem is likely to reoccur." This doesn't always happen and some providers could do more to inform the person they're treating of all the things they can do for themselves to reduce the dependence of continual care. I'll let you the reader draw your own conclusions as to why this might occur. The point I am making here is that everyone involved with the soft tissue healing process needs to be responsible. So, with regards to soft tissue healing, do more for yourself to stay healthy and prevent injuries from occurring. Do the research, ask questions and play an active role in your own health care. Additional information on soft tissue healing time constraints.
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canard
Etymology
Borrowed from.
The primary English meaning of canard comes from the Medieval French expression “vendre un canard à moitié”, which literally means “to sell half a duck” or “to half-sell a duck”. This was perhaps the punch line to a joke. Eventually the punch line came to stand for the joke and then finally the word alone stood for the whole concept. The story may perhaps have gone like this: A duck seller is successful and content as the only duck seller on a street, selling his ducks for eight francs each. A new duck seller moves in across the street who steals all the business by offering his ducks for seven francs each. Then a price war ensues, back and forth, until the new duck seller is down to three francs for a duck. The original duck seller is beside himself with worry and frustration, but finally he puts up a big sign that says, “Two francs” and then in small print at the bottom “for half a duck.” In this way, to half-sell ducks may have come to mean tricking people with something that is literally true but misleading. It has this same metaphorical meaning in French. Now in English, it simply means anything that is deliberately misleading, a hoax.
Noun
* 1) A false or misleading report or story, especially if deliberately so.
* 2) A type of aircraft in which the primary horizontal control and stabilization surfaces are in front of the main wing.
* 3) A horizontal control and stabilization surface located in front of the main wing of an aircraft.
* 4) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.
* 1) A type of aircraft in which the primary horizontal control and stabilization surfaces are in front of the main wing.
* 2) A horizontal control and stabilization surface located in front of the main wing of an aircraft.
* 3) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.
* 1) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.
* 1) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.
Translations
* Armenian:, սուտ լուր
* Bulgarian: ,
* Chinese:
* Mandarin:
* Czech:
* Danish:
* Dutch:
* Faroese: blaðlygn
* Finnish: ,
* French:
* German: ,
* Hungarian:
* Korean:
* Norwegian:
* Bokmål: avisand,
* Nynorsk: avisand,
* Polish:
* Portuguese: atoarda
* Russian:
* Spanish:, ,
* Swedish: ,
* Vietnamese:
* Chinese:
* Mandarin:
* Finnish:
* French: avion-canard,
* German: Canard, Entenflugzeug, Entenflügler
* Hungarian: kacsa elrendezésű repülőgép
* Indonesian: kanard
* Korean: 선미익기
* Malay: kanard
* Portuguese:
* Chinese:
* Mandarin:
* Finnish: etusiipi, canard-siipi
* Chinese:
* Mandarin:
* Finnish:
* French:, plan canard,
* Indonesian: kanard
* Malay: kanard
* Norwegian:
* Bokmål: canardvinge
* Portuguese:
* Swedish: canardvinge
Etymology
Borrowed from.
Noun
* 1) duck
* 2) canard, hoax
Etymology
, from, , from +. Perhaps ultimately from the same root as or from, from , from , from , from , from ,.
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and possibly 🇨🇬 (whence also 🇨🇬, from ; and 🇨🇬). Related to 🇨🇬.
Noun
* 1) duck of either sex
* 2) drake male duck
* , hoax
* 1) newspaper
* Le Canard enchaîné
* 1) a man who complies with every desire of his partner in order to avoid conflict
* 2) a man who tries to attract women by offering them gifts
* 3) lump of sugar dunked in coffee or brandy
* 4) off-note
* Le Canard enchaîné
* 1) a man who complies with every desire of his partner in order to avoid conflict
* 2) a man who tries to attract women by offering them gifts
* 3) lump of sugar dunked in coffee or brandy
* 4) off-note
* 1) lump of sugar dunked in coffee or brandy
* 2) off-note
Etymology
.
Noun
* , hoax
Etymology
.
Noun
* 1) type of aircraft
* 2) winglike structure on a vehicle | WIKI |
Daryl Arnold
Daryl Arnold (November 12, 1924 – December 30, 1997) was a farmer, businessman and diplomat. He served as the 8th United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1987 to 1989.
Career
Arnold served as president of the Western Growers Association, one of the largest agricultural trade associations in the United States, for 16 years.
In 1987, Arnold was appointed ambassador to Singapore by President Ronald Reagan. He served as an ambassador till 1989 and became Singapore’s honorary consul general in California.
Personal life
Arnold and his wife Shirley were driving to Palm Springs, California to celebrate her 73rd birthday. On the way, their Cadillac veered off the highway and crashed into a signpost killing them both. Arnold and his wife had been married for 51 years and lived in Corona del Mar, California. | WIKI |
Talk:Jean LeClerc (painter)
Category:Dutch Golden Age painters
Jean LeClerc is included with the Dutch Golden Age painters because of his style and the influences on him. Read the article in the French Wikipedia and take a look at his actual paintings. --Bejnar (talk) 07:52, 8 November 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Tom Macdonald (writer)
Untitled
Dear All
Although I intend to do further work on this entry as I do not currently have internet access from home, it may mean that it takes me some time to add to its content. I trust you will all bear with me whilst I endeavour to improve this particular article. Many thanks
Lepidus Magnus (talk) 15:49, 28 March 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2014 GoPro Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma
The result was no consensus defaulting to keep and w/o prejudice to a future renomination. Ad Orientem (talk) 05:04, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
2014 GoPro Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Notability? All I get when I search for this on Google is some YouTube videos of it, a single press release from GoPro announcing that they sponsored it, and the already cited USA Today article. TheAwesome Hwyh 03:42, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sports-related deletion discussions. TheAwesome Hwyh 03:42, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. TheAwesome Hwyh 03:42, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
* Keep This article is certainly a very low quality stub, but it's a stub that covers a championship round of IndyCar, North America's top-level professional single seater/open wheel racing championship (the series which includes the Indy 500). Unfortunately the guidelines do not appear to specify whether or not individual IndyCar and or F1 races of the professional era are inherently notable (I would assert that they are), but a strong indicator is that any driver who had taken part in this race would themselves be considered notable merely because of the entry in this race (Notability_(sports)).
* Online sources for include: (USA Today); (Fox News); The Detroit News; (Motor Sport Magazine). Other likely source but I can't confirm: Autosport magazine out of the UK covers every IndyCar race so would likely include a race report in that week's print edition. As an American series, I would expect more extensive coverage in US print media too. --kingboyk (talk) 17:22, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
* Comment: It might be helpful if WikiProject American Open Wheel Racing were informed about the discussion. Having advocated for keeping this article, I will not notify them myself because it may appear like canvassing. Would the proposer or an unconnected editor please notify that project? --kingboyk (talk) 17:28, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 10:19, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
* The relevant WikiProject has been notified. – John M Wolfson (talk • contribs) 00:17, 8 September 2019 (UTC)
* Keep - It needs expansion of the article, not to delete the article. But if we are going to do it, at least maybe redirect it to the 2014 IndyCar Series. HawkAussie (talk) 23:17, 10 September 2019 (UTC)
* Delete No sources seem to exist beyond the single source referenced. Rockphed (talk) 13:03, 12 September 2019 (UTC)
* Comment Sources may exist via the Internet Archive/Wayback Machine. The race is five years old and IndyCar often revamps their website in the offseason, leading to dead links. Like others have said, the race is notable, the article just needs expansion. --Bcschneider53 (talk) 16:15, 12 September 2019 (UTC)
* Keep per Kingboyk MWright96 (talk) 17:21, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
* Delete - routine coverage for such an event WP:ROUTINE - no sustained coverage WP:CONTINUEDCOVERAGE - no lasting effect WP:LASTING - notability not established - Epinoia (talk) 17:04, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
* WP:NOTTEMPORARY. Sustained coverage is not a requirement for an article's existence; if it were, the Madden NFL series would have an article deleted every year to make way for the new game. This was a race in the 2014 IndyCar Series season, the highest level of single-seater racing in North America. Every single race from 2007-2018 has an article, and the only reason the same can't be said for 2019 at the moment is because the project is currently undermanned. In short, IndyCar race reports have established notability in the past. If we're calling notability into question here, then a mass deletion of about 175 other articles is in order, which would be ridiculous and absurd. Low quality stubs, which with the right amount of work can eventually become good and featured articles, are better than nothing. --Bcschneider53 (talk) 19:16, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
* Keep - the sources Kingboyk used show coverage of an event for a top tier motorcar league thus demonstrating notability. Best, Barkeep49 (talk) 03:58, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
| WIKI |
John Rollin Tilton
John Rollin Tilton (New London, New Hampshire, USA, 8 June 1828 - 28 March 1888) was an American painter, mainly of vedute of picturesque urban scenes.
Biography
He was initially self-taught, but then trained in Florence, and later in Rome, where he lived for many years initially making a living painting vedute and reproductions of masters. He painted a Rome from the Aventine, the Lagoon of Venice, The Egitto, and the Lago di Averno. The American statesman Hamilton Fish bought his Vallata Chamounix, and the American businessman W. B. Astor, his Lago di Thun; Louise, lady Ashburton, Dendur in Egypt and Paestum; the Boston mayor Martin Brimmer, his Lago di Como and Venice, and Count Palfy, his Vedute of Orvieto. De Gubernatis noted that "those who found Neapolitan vedute painters, warm and scintillating, would find Tilton cold and calm." He painted many watercolors.
Rollin Tilton and his wife, the writer and translator Caroline Town Stebbins, gathered a following among émigrés and visitors from the English speaking world. Among them were John Ruskin and Henry James. | WIKI |
Talk:Vega Industries
This company appears to be no longer in NZ so the page probably needs an update.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:58, 28 January 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Great Sandy Soils
Fraser Island and the adjoining Cooloola sandmass (covering a total of approximately 200,000 hectares) consist almost entirely of quartz sands that have accumulated during episodic periods of dune building in the Quaternary. At least eight dune systems have been identified at Cooloola and nine systems at Fraser Island marking separate episodes of deposition above sea level. Deposits also overlay older Aeolian deposits below sea level.
Absolute age dating of dune systems is at an early stage but it shows that the youngest systems span 120,000 years while the oldest dunes may have formed 800,000 years ago. These dates show that the age sequence is by far the oldest on record.
Parabolic dunes, open to the onshore winds, dominate the five youngest dune systems. The older dune systems have been reduced to broad whale-back sandhills. The dune systems provide many examples of the various stages in development and degradation of parabolic dunes, from bare mobile dunes showing progressive degradation by water erosion, to the strongly degraded sandhills which have lost their initial Aeolian shape. These form a time series, illustrating the long-term changes in surface morphology from Aeolian deposition to advanced degradation.
Soils on the freely-drained vegetated dunes also show progressive development with age, forming a sequence from rudimentary podzols to giant podzols on the oldest dunes. The depth of podzol development and the dimensions of the soil horizons, far exceed those recorded elsewhere. The dimensions and age span of this podzol chronosequence is of considerable scientific importance, internationally and is invaluable to soil science.
Further, where seasonal water tables rise to the surface in dune corridors and on the coastal plains, a different soil process is involved, forming humus podzols. The black organic B horizon of these soils becomes hard and cemented with time and, where exposed along the beach is known as sandrock.
Marine erosion of the eastern margins of the sandmasses forms sea-cliffs which expose the sands of the various dune systems and multi-coloured sands, particularly at Cooloola. Older sea cliffs and fossil beaches both at Fraser Island and Cooloola provide evidence of past high sea levels and are important in interpreting past geological events. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Breast Asymmetry: Causes, How Common It Is, & Treatment Options
Understand asymmetrical breasts symptoms, including 7 causes & common questions.
Asymmetrical Breasts Symptoms
Having asymmetrical breasts is very common, especially during breast development in adolescence. This typically resolves by the time the breasts are fully developed. However, 25% of women have some breast asymmetry their whole lives, which is perfectly normal and not necessarily indicative of an underlying condition. In women who do have more significant differences, these can be related to structural variances or lumps. Most breast lumps in women under 50 are usually benign, but any lumps in women over 30 should be evaluated. Breast exams, breast imaging, and breast biopsy are all common ways physicians evaluate breast masses in women.
Common accompanying symptoms of asymmetrical breasts
Symptoms that can be associated with asymmetrical breasts include:
Asymmetrical Breasts Causes
The following details may help you better understand your symptoms. If your breast asymmetry becomes more apparent or bothersome, you should see a physician.
Developmental causes
Asymmetrical breasts may be due to developmental reasons, such as the following.
• Puberty: Asymmetry is common during the development of breasts in adolescence. Commonly, breast asymmetry resolves by the time breasts are fully developed, which typically happens by age 18. The final degree of breast asymmetry cannot be determined until this time.
• Normal variation: Many women have asymmetrical breasts during puberty, and about 25% of these women will have lasting asymmetry into adulthood.
• Prepubescent injury: Injury to breast tissue before it has fully developed can lead to breast asymmetry. Trauma, infection, or radiation to one side of the chest are possible injuries that might lead to asymmetric breast growth.
Growths or masses
Asymmetrical breasts may also be due to a mass in the breast, that can be characterized as one of the following.
• Infection: A breast abscess typically presents as a palpable, swollen mass in one breast with pain, redness, and warmth. Typically, a breast abscess is caused by a bacterial infection. The milk ducts in the breast can also become infected, which is common among women who are breastfeeding.
• Benign breast mass: Breast asymmetry may be due to a palpable breast mass, or a mass in the breast that you can feel. Palpable breast masses are common, and 90% are benign in women 20 to 50 years old. In women under 30, breast masses are commonly bilateral and resolve on their own. Some possible types of benign breast masses include fibrous changes with the menstrual cycle, cysts, or tissue damage following trauma to the breast.
• Malignant breast mass: There are multiple different types of invasive and noninvasive breast cancer that may be the cause of a breast mass. Typically, malignant breast masses are hard, present in one breast, and occur in older women. Malignant masses may also cause pain, overlying skin changes, or nipple discharge.
Other causes
Other causes that may result in breast asymmetry include the following.
• Skeletal abnormality: Breasts may appear asymmetric due to abnormalities of the bones in the spine or ribs. Rib abnormalities such as fracture or deformity may change the shape of the chest wall, leading to asymmetry.
• Curved spine: Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves more than usual, either from front to back or from right to left. Severe scoliosis can rotate the torso and give the breasts the appearance of asymmetry even if they are the same size. Scoliosis commonly develops in adolescence.
• Surgical changes: Lumpectomy, removal of part of the breast tissue, or a mastectomy, removal of the entire breast, are common treatments for breast cancer. Some women choose to have reconstructive surgery to maintain breast symmetry, while others do not.
7 Asymmetrical Breasts Conditions
The list below shows results from the use of our quiz by Buoy users who experienced asymmetrical breasts. This list does not constitute medical advice and may not accurately represent what you have.
Breast infection (mastitis)
Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness of the breast. Mastitis most commonly affects women who are breast-feeding (lactation mastitis), although sometimes this condition can occur in women who aren't breast-feeding.
Rarity: Uncommon
Top Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, breast pain, signs of breast inflammation like redness, swelling or fever, fever
Symptoms that always occur with breast infection (mastitis): breast pain, signs of breast inflammation like redness, swelling or fever
Urgency: Primary care doctor
Breast cyst
A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac (like a tiny balloon) inside the breast. Breast cysts are common in women. They might cause a little pain, but they are usually benign (not cancerous).
Rarity: Common
Top Symptoms: breast pain, breast lump, painful breast lump, movable breast lump
Symptoms that always occur with breast cyst: breast lump
Symptoms that never occur with breast cyst: armpit lump, fever
Urgency: Primary care doctor
Breast abscess
A breast abscess is a collection of infected fluid, or pus, within the breast that is generally painful, and may cause fever, chills, fatigue, and body aches.
A breast abscess is a complication of mastitis, an infection of the breast tissue, that develops most commonly in breastfeeding women. ..
Scoliosis
Scoliosis causes a sideways curve of your backbone, or spine. Scoliosis is most common in late childhood and the early teens, when children grow fast.
Rarity: Common
Top Symptoms: spontaneous back pain, shortness of breath on exertion, asymmetrical shoulders, asymmetrical breasts, back deformity
Urgency: Wait and watch
Breast cancer
There are several types of breast cancer, depending on the part of the breast where it starts. The most common types are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma.
Women over age 50 with a family history of the disease, and/or certain genetic factors, are most at risk, but anyone can get breast cancer at any age. It is rare in men but does occur.
Symptoms include a lump, thickening, or pain anywhere in the breast or armpit; red, flaky, or irritated breast or nipple skin; nipple discharge; and any area of irregular skin or misshapenness.
Many harmless conditions can cause similar signs, so it is important to see a medical provider about any of these symptoms.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination; imaging such as ultrasound, mammogram, or MRI; and sometimes biopsy.
Treatment involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
The best prevention is a combination of screening mammograms as recommended by the medical provider, and monthly self-examination.
Rarity: Uncommon
Top Symptoms: breast pain, armpit lump, breast mass or retraction, breast lump, nipple discharge
Urgency: Primary care doctor
Fibrocystic breast changes
Fibrocystic change is a generalized term used to describe a variety of benign changes in the breast. Symptoms of this condition are breast swelling or pain, as well as nodules, lumpiness, or nipple discharge.
Rarity: Common
Top Symptoms: breast lump, hard breast lump, nipple discharge, rope-like breast lump
Symptoms that always occur with fibrocystic breast changes: breast lump
Urgency: Primary care doctor
Intraductal papilloma
Breast problems such as lumps are very common and often not caused by breast cancer. An intraductal papilloma is such a benign breast lump situated in the milk ducts.
Rarity: Uncommon
Top Symptoms: breast lump, painful breast lump, painless breast lump, white or clear fluid leaking from the breast, nipple lump
Symptoms that never occur with intraductal papilloma: armpit lump
Urgency: Primary care doctor
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Asymmetrical Breasts Treatments and Relief
Some cases of breast asymmetry are treatable at home. Most masses in women under 30 are benign and resolve on their own. If you are over 30 and you notice a new mass, you should see a doctor, especially if you believe you have an infection.
At-home treatments
The following treatments for asymmetrical breasts can be completed at home.
• Bras, padding, or inserts: Bras with padding on one side can improve the appearance of asymmetrical breasts. This is especially helpful for adolescents who are self-conscious about breast asymmetry while their breasts are still developing. This is also helpful for people with post-surgical asymmetry due to lumpectomy or mastectomy.
• Observation If you are under the age of 30 and notice a new breast mass, it is most likely benign. A physician may suggest you monitor the lump at home over the course of several menstrual cycles to see if it changes or resolves on its own.
When to see a doctor
If your breast asymmetry is bothersome, you should consult your physician to discuss or complete the following.
• Breast exam: Your physician will examine the breast for abnormalities, and palpate both breasts and the area underneath your armpits to feel for abnormalities.
• Imaging: If you have a new breast mass and are over the age of 30, a physician will recommend imaging. Mammography, breast MRI, and breast ultrasound are all common forms of breast imaging.
• Medication: Your physician will prescribe antibiotics for an infection.
• Biopsy: A biopsy is when a small piece of tissue is removed from the body to determine the cause of disease.
• Bracing: If a physician suspects your breast asymmetry is due to an abnormal curvature of your spine, they may suggest corrective braces to improve spinal alignment.
When it is an emergency
If any of the following apply, you should seek immediate treatment:
• You are over the age of 30 and notice a new breast lump
• You suspect you may have an infection in your breast
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References
1. Kayar R, Cilengiroglu OV. Breast Volume Asymmetry Value, Ratio, and Cancer Risk. Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research. 2015;9:87-92. NCBI Link
2. Scutt D, Lancaster GA, Manning JT. Breast Asymmetry and Predisposition to Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer Research. 2006;8(2):R14. NCBI Link
3. Eidlitz-Markus T, Mukamel M, Haimi-Cohen Y, Amir J, Zeharia A. Breast Asymmetry During Adolescence: Physiologic and Non-Physiologic Causes. The Israel Medical Association Journal. 2010;12(4):203-206. NCBI Link
4. Breast and Chest Wall Disorders. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. CHOP Link
5. Venkatesan A, Chu P, Kerlikowske K, Sickles EA, Smith-Bindman R. Positive Predictive Values of Specific Mammographic Findings According to Reader and Patient Variables. Radiology. 2009;250(3):648-657. NCBI Link
6. Klein S. Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses. American Family Physician. 2005;71(9):1731-1738. AAFP Link
7. Apgar B. Is Asymmetric Breast Tissue a Sign of Malignancy? American Family Physician. 1999;60(5):1527-1528. AAFP Link
8. Santen RJ. Benign Breast Disease in Women. NCBI. Updated May 25, 2018. NCBI Link | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category talk:Cinemas in Kolkata
Untitled
Should be renamed as cinemas in Kolkata.Shyamsunder (talk) 11:28, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
* No, naming convention of Cinema in Delhi, Cinema in Kerala has been followed! Base article, commons cat– all have same title -- Tito Dutta ✉ 11:35, 25 August 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Munich: Brimming with high culture and Bavarian cliches - CNN.com
(CNN) -- Known for lederhosen, weisswurst and its beer festival, Munich is a city that counters these brassy cliches with a mix of art, history and style. From onion domes to beer halls, the city of Munich also has more than its fair share to entrance culture vultures. Don't be fooled by the chocolate box architecture in parts of the Altstadt (old town): Munich is the biggest city in the state of Bavaria with an ego to match -- no other state in Germany boasts its own national museum. Yet the city manages to mix regional traditions with a slice of urban savvy and sophistication. Visitors can take their pick from the cultural attractions and blend a little low and high culture together for a flying visit. The Altstadt is walkable and the place to begin a day with its mix of baroque and gothic architecture. The green onion domes of the Frauenkirche remain visible over the low-rise city center. Mostly destroyed during the Second World War, the Frauenkirche was rebuilt from its rubble and is worth a quick look inside for the peculiar windowless nave -- so designed after the architect made a pact with the devil, apparently. Nearby is Marienplatz and the fine gothic architecture of the new town hall with its ever-so-twee glockenspiel and animated chiming clock. From the Karlsplatz U-Bahn station to Marienplatz you'll find some any-town, anywhere shopping options, but push on towards Maximilianstrasse and you'll discover where the Munich money goes to splash the cash, although gaudy ostentation isn't a very Muenchner trait. For more down-to-earth shopping a few steps from Marienplatz is the Viktualienmarkt and Schrannenhalle, the former offering food and drink from across Europe and the re-built Schrannenhalle housing a buzzy mix of shops and places to grab a bite to eat. Alternatively the city is dotted with snack bars where you can grab a würst and hope for the best. From the boutiques and brands to the beer cellers. The city becomes a beer-lover magnet every autumn, when international boozers stagger into the city for the annual Oktoberfest beer festival. Things can get messy, but you can get a taste of the beer hall experience any time of year. There are a number of beer halls around the city, one on Marienplatz itself, although the most famous is the Hofbrauhaus a few minutes to the north. But if a darkened, boozy room with an oompah band and the sight of some ill-fitting lederhosen isn't your preferred choice for lunch, there are many cafes and restaurants around the Altstadt to cater for all tastes. Away from the traditional aspects of the city, Munich is a hub for high tech, high art and high rollers. BMW has its HQ here -- auto fans should motor over to its museum. The city also has more than its fair share of world-class cultural attractions. The Residence Museum, National Theater and Museum of Egyptian Art are just a few to be found between Marienplatz and the Hofgarten. Just to the north is one of Europe's largest city parks, the Englischer Garten, scene of the German tradition of the post-prandial walk. The park stretches about 5 km away from the city center. View photos of the Englischer Garten and more of Munich » As you're walking through you can duck off to the west and you'll be close to Munich's cultural big hitters, the Pinakothek museums. The Pinakothek triumvirate have enough art and history to span hundreds of years, and take almost as long to see in their entirety. If you've only got a few hours it's a better idea to pick one. The latest edition is the Pinakothek der Moderne, which opened in 2002 and houses an impressive collection of 20th century and contemporary art in an almost equally impressive interior. If you've had your fill of art, take a short walk north and you'll hit the formerly bohemian residential area of Schwabing. Now more well-to-do, the area retains a bit of cultural mix, with the nearby university providing some youthful energy. Independent shops, cafes and bars are dotted around the streets, some catering for student budgets, others for those who paid off their student loans long ago. It's a fine area to stop for some afternoon coffee and cake -- The News Bar has a mix of the local demographic and Cafe Zeitgeist on Turkenstrasse is another choice spot. Further afield, there's the vast, but staid, Deutsches Museum on its own island in the middle of the River Iser, while to the west of the city is Olympic park. It's home to the Tollwood summer and winter festivals, but year round you can get a great view from the tower of the Olympic Stadium of the city and the former home to the city's two football clubs. The Allianz Arena, a huge swirl of a stadium that opened in 2005, is now the home of Bayern and lowly 1860 Munich. Football fans can visit the stadium with daily tours. From the masses to regal splendor, the Nymphenburg Palace was the summer residence of the Wittelbach dynasty that ruled Bavaria for over 700 years until 1919. The grand rooms should sate anyone's need for gold gilt and eighteenth-century grandeur. When evening comes, the city can accommodate those with a hunger for cosmopolitan dining as well as more traditional cuisine. For entertainment, theaters and the city's opera house provide more refined fare, while those in search of some more late-night, grungy fun can head to the complex of bars and clubs of the Kultfabrik -- a former industrial site now offering late-night kicks on an industrial scale. Better than Berlin? What do you think of Munich? Send in your travel tips for the Bavarian city using the Sound Off box below. E-mail to a friend Share this on:MixxFacebookTwitterDiggdel.icio.usredditMySpaceStumbleUpon | Mixx it | Share | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Pacific Monthly volumes 9 and 10.djvu/157
THE GEORGE ROGERS CLARK EXPEDITION
107
completely successful, and Helm re- turned in a few days with the volun- teers as prisoners of war ; the consign- ment of gfoods was divided among Clark's command, making his men, as one of them expressed it, "almost rich." Most of the prisoners were paroled, but Hamilton and twenty-nine others were sent under escort to Virginia. Hamilton was treated with much sever- ity by his captors, who rightly charged him with a large share of the guilt in the atrocities committed on the frontier for three years previous. ClarK now received some small re-enforcements and was able to establish permanent garrisons at the posts which he had taken. In the following Spnng, he built a fort on the east bank of th<i Mississippi below the mouth of the Ohio, which he called Fort Jefferson, in honor of the friend who, next to Patrick Henry, had done most in as- sisting him in starting out on his expe- dition. The conquest was now complete and Great Britain made no further ef- fort to retake the country.
The immediate result of the expedi- tion was to bring great relief to the settlers in the harried frontier. It also assured the permanence of the Ken- tucky settlements. But the ultynate results of the expedition were even more important. When the time came for the negotiation of the treaty of peace at the close of the Revolutionary War. Spain had become our ally as well as France. The Spanish statesmen of that day, with commendable foresight, saw in the young American Republic a prospective rival, destined to curtail if it did not destroy, the sovereignty of Spain in the western hemisphere. They strongly advocated the Allegheny Mountains as the western boundary of the new nation. France concurred in this suggestion, with the qualification that it favored conceding the Ameri- cans some country about the head- waters of the Tennessee and the re- gion lying between the Cumberland and the Ohio. This included most of the trans-Allegheny country in which American settlers were to be found in any considerable numbers.
Fortunately, Lord Shelbourne. the British minister in power at that time,
believed that it was to the interest of Great Britain that the United States should not be circumscribed within these narrow bounds. He foresaw that the United States was more likely to be a friendly power in the long run than either France or Spain, and if the Uni- ted States did not possess the trans- Allegheny country, France or Spain certainly would. The American peace commissioners, however, were much hampered by instructions from Con- gress to be guided. entirely by the wishes of France in their negotiations for peace. Their instructions in this regard were the result of generous ap- preciation on the part of Congress of the help of France during the war, but the action was exceedingly injudicious. Franklin was disposed to obey these in- structions, but Adams and Jay, the other two members of the commission, boldly disregarded them, and it was principally due to Jay's far-seeing statesmanship that we owe the Ameri- can suggestion that the parties should treat on the basis of each side re- taining the territory which it then occupied. This left us in control of the country between the Ohio and the Great Lakes, for in all that region at the close of the Revolutionary War, Great Britain had posts only on the shores of the Lakes. The suggestion was acceded to by Great Britain at a conference at which the representatives of France and Spain were not present, and much to the displeasure of our allies the Mississippi was named in the treaty as our western boundary.
It is as nearly certain as any matter of historical speculation can be that, but for the heroism of Clark's fron- tiersmen and but for his genius as a commander, that great country lying between the Alleghenies and the Miss- issippi north of the Ohio, which now contains a quarter of our population and wealth, must have been lost to the American people at the close of the Revolution.
Had we lost the trans-Allegheny country in the making of the treaty of T783, it is difficult to see how we could ever have secured the country stretch- ing from the Mississippi to the Pacific, our present land o^i^i|:pjjijs<^oOgle | WIKI |
Door knocker
A door knocker is an item of door furniture that allows people outside a house or other dwelling or building to alert those inside to their presence. A door knocker has a part fixed to the door, and a part (usually metal) which is attached to the door by a hinge, and may be lifted and used to strike a plate fitted to the door, or the door itself, making a noise. The struck plate, if present, would be supplied and fitted with the knocker. Door knockers are often ornate, but may be no more than a simple fitting with a metal bob, or ring.
Types
German professor Franz Sales Meyer distinguished three kinds of door knocker: the "ring", the "hammer", and an ornate category which could take the shape of an animal or another figure. High demand for antique door knockers in the early 20th century in the United States caused forged versions to emerge. | WIKI |
Faced with cheap oil prices, biofuels industry sees no déjà vu
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Ethanol producers may feel less pain from sinking oil prices than in previous tough times, as a government rule ensures a minimum use of the biofuel and recent consolidation gives them both financial strength and output flexibility. Oil prices at 2003 lows and the highest ethanol stocks for nearly four years have given some in the trade flashbacks to 2008 and 2012 when weak margins forced many plants to close. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in late November set Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) targets that are expected to push 14.5 billion gallons of ethanol into gasoline this year - potentially accounting for over 10 percent of fuel use. The controversial RFS targets force fuel companies to blend ethanol even if the corn-based fuel is trading at a higher price than gasoline or other octane-boosters. That “doesn’t assure the ethanol industry will be profitable, but it sets a floor for production and price, regardless of what happens to gasoline prices,” said Scott Irwin, an agricultural economist at the University of Illinois. Indeed, ethanol has been trading at a rare, stubborn premium to gasoline for the longest period since 2009. The front-month Chicago Board of Trade ethanol futures contract has been above RBOB gasoline prices for nearly five months, the longest since a seven-month run to May 2009, according to Reuters data. The premium is partly supported by the niche market for biofuels compliance credits known as Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs), which oil refiners and importers are required to have to prove compliance with the government’s Renewable Fuel Standard. Those credits are trading at around 64 cents each - helping to subsidize the cost of using ethanol, according to many traders. In addition, consolidation in the ethanol industry has put about two-thirds of more than 200 plants into the hands of companies with multiple facilities, according to trade estimates. That compares with 40 percent before 2008. Major oil refiners like Flint Hills Resources [FHR.UL] and Valero Energy Corp, larger ethanol producers like Poet, Green Plains Inc, and commodities merchants like Noble Group scooped up more than 60 plants since 2008, according to data compiled by the Renewable Fuels Association. Pacific Ethanol Inc, which merged with Aventine Renewable Energy Holdings last year, has said that the consolidation means major producers relying on more than one plant are more easily able to throttle back capacity when needed. U.S. government data this week showed producers had slowed run-rates by 30,000 barrels per day to 983,0000 barrels per day. The big ethanol producers also have the financial firepower to cope with a tough environment after a year of record margins in 2014. Publicly-traded producers like Archer Daniels Midland Co and Valero Energy Corp made less profit in 2015, but did not slip to losses. Still, for those on the margins, the situation may get worse before it gets better as the cold weather drives up the price of natural gas used to run their plants and cuts drivers’ miles. Tyton Biofuels’ 55-million-gallon-per-year plant in Raeford, North Carolina, idled a week ago. “Margins are very slim right now, and our costs are high because it’s winter,” said Rick Brehm, the plant’s general manager. He said they hope to reopen after the winter months. Additional reporting by Michael Hirtzer in Chicago; Editing by Bernard Orr | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Opinion | Mueller Has a Way Around Trump and His Minions
A road map from the Watergate prosecution shows a potential route for the special counsel to send incriminating evidence directly to Congress. Mr. Ben-Veniste and Mr. Frampton worked on the Watergate cover-up task force of the special prosecutor’s office. In a stunning move on the heels of the midterm election, President Trump has forced the resignation of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and appointed an outspoken critic of the Mueller investigation — Matthew Whitaker — as acting attorney general, shunting Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to the sidelines. This raises the specter of a fearful president attempting to muzzle Special Counsel Robert Mueller or hinder him from revealing whether his 18-month-long grand jury investigation has turned up evidence of criminality implicating Donald Trump or his immediate family. But a 44-year-old “road map” from the Watergate prosecution shows a potential route for Mr. Mueller to send incriminating evidence directly to Congress. The road map was devised in 1974 by the Watergate special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, with our assistance. We wrote the road map — actually a report — to be conveyed to Congress; it was called “Report and Recommendation” and served as a guide to a collection of grand jury evidence contained in a single document. That evidence included still-secret presidential tape recordings that had been acquired through grand jury subpoena — but which had been withheld from Congress by President Nixon. The recent decision by Washington’s Federal District Court chief judge, Beryl Howell, to release the document from the National Archives provides a historic legal precedent that could be a vehicle for Mr. Mueller and the grand jury assisting him to share the fruits of their investigation into possible criminal conduct within the Trump presidential campaign and subsequent administration. In all the discussion about Mr. Mueller’s options when he concludes his investigation, little attention has been paid to the potential role of the grand jury. Chief Judge Howell’s decision unsealing the Watergate road map brings new focus on the role the grand jury might play in the dynamics of the endgame. Although the grand jury is a powerful tool for federal prosecutors, it has historic and independent power and operates under the supervision of the federal judiciary. Following the Oct. 20, 1973, “Saturday Night Massacre” — in which President Nixon forced the Justice Department to fire the original special prosecutor, Archibald Cox — the Watergate grand jury played a critical role in forcing the president to back down, hand over the subpoenaed tapes and appoint a new special prosecutor. Although Mr. Cox had been fired, his staff — duly appointed federal prosecutors — had not. The grand jury, as an arm of the judicial branch, could not be fired by the president. Indeed, Judge John Sirica of the United States District Court immediately summoned the grand juries (there were two) to his courtroom and exhorted them to continue to pursue their investigations and assured them that they could rely on the court to safeguard their rights and preserve the integrity of their proceedings. In the face of Congress’s inability to obtain evidence that the grand jury well knew incriminated the president, we prepared the grand jury report to Judge Sirica and requested that he use his plenary authority to transmit that evidence to the House Judiciary Committee, which had already commenced a proceeding to consider Mr. Nixon’s impeachment. It was carefully written to avoid any interpretations or conclusions about what the evidence showed or what action the committee should take. The report contained a series of spare factual statements annotated with citations to relevant transcripts of tapes and grand jury testimony. Copies of those tapes and transcripts were included as attachments. Judge Sirica was convinced that the materials contained in the report should be made available to the House Judiciary Committee. His decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. This evidence formed the gravamen of Article I (obstruction of justice) of the impeachment resolution adopted by the Committee. Much note has been made of the fact that the Justice Department regulations under which Mr. Mueller was appointed actually require him to submit a report to the attorney general. Importantly, nothing in the department regulations prohibits Mr. Mueller’s Department of Justice superior, now Mr. Whitaker, from refusing to release the report. What if Mr. Mueller concludes that the president has committed a crime? The question of whether a sitting president can be indicted remains a subject of vehement debate among scholars. But assuming that Mr. Mueller follows what many regard as “current Justice Department policy” based on several past internal legal opinions that an indictment is inappropriate, then the appropriate place for consideration of evidence that the president has committed crimes rests definitively and exclusively with Congress. If Mr. Mueller has obtained such evidence, his responsibility and the correct operation of our system of government compel the conclusion that he and the grand jury can make that evidence available to Congress through a report transmitted by the court. With the fox now guarding the henhouse, there is sufficient precedent for the grand jury and Special Counsel Mueller to seek the chief judge’s assistance in transmitting a properly fashioned report to Congress. Richard Ben-Veniste, an attorney in Washington, was the chief of the Watergate cover-up task force of the special prosecutor’s office and was a member of the 9/11 Commission. George Frampton is the chief executive of the Partnership for Responsible Growth and was an assistant special prosecutor on the cover-up task force. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Archived: DIAdem 11.1 Bug Fixes
NI does not actively maintain this document.
This content provides support for older products and technology, so you may notice outdated links or obsolete information about operating systems or other relevant products.
Overview
The following items are changes from DIAdem 11.0 to DIAdem 11.1. If you have a Bug ID, you can search this list to validate that the issue has been fixed.
CAR ID Description
General
113526 If you enabled the DIAdem 10.1 path behavior in the Compatibility dialog box and then changed the library path, DIAdem then changed the user path accordingly.
131783 When recognizing target channels DIAdem now includes replacement signs for groups and channels. Refer to Name Conventions in the DIAdem help for more information.
155574 The Val function did not convert a string with the NoValue value to NULL.
157756 The DesktopChanged variable now also checks whether the bar definition was changed with the BarManager.
161829 When DIAdem launched with the parameter /S some system files were not transferred. Therefore the program interface displayed at various places question marks instead of the correct symbols.
167172 In the units catalog, decimal places were added to conversion factors that are dependent on the number Pi. Thus the conversion is more accurate.
Data Portal
157188 When DIAdem deleted a channel group, DIAdem sometimes defined a different channel group as the default group.
NAVIGATOR
117765 When a channel was moved, the ChannelGroup property might still have referred to the original channel group.
126769 If DIAdem edited a file with the DataFileHeaderAccess method and deleted a custom property with the RootPropDel method, this custom property still existed later.
140702 If the Open in Explorer context menu was used in the file browser, files could not be opened in the Explorer if a path, for example, contained a comma.
143097 The LoadQuery method of the NAVIGATOR script interface did not display an error message if an error occurred.
147111 In the DataFinder Server Edition and in DIAdem encrypted DataPlugins could not be exported.
149021 If the date/time values were imported in milliseconds in the ASCII Import filter and both second digits had the value 0, it could happen that the date was set to 1/1/0000.
150357 The selective storage of DIAdem DAT files was incorrect if the minimum and the maximum of the channel were the same, and the channel also contained NoValues. In this case DIAdem saved the channel as an implicit channel and all NoValues were lost.
VIEW
117523 If a Band cursor was played to the end and then was restarted, the distance between the two cursor lines changed.
117726 The display of a 3D model resulted in a shift if a normalization of the channel values was executed with different value ranges of the channels.
118301 If a section of a curve that did not contain values was selected with a Frame cursor, it could happen that not all points were included when flags were set for this section.
121571 A 3D model display was mirrored. A button has been included with which you can specify the rotational direction of the coordinate system.
137895 A curve was sometimes incorrectly displayed if parts of the curve were at the edge of a clipping range.
140917 Using non-existent enumeration terms in the VIEW script interface did not produce an error message.
144007 The attempt to delete sheets with a non-existing index, could lead to a crash.
144246 If channel names were entered manually in the 2D Axis System - Display dialog box, DIAdem did not display these channels before the display was refreshed.
145138 The use of the script interface in DIAdem VIEW could lead to a crash not only to an error message if a parameter was not set.
161812 If only the font was changed in a textbox, DIAdem did not retain the change after the dialog box closed.
162725 If a display dialog box was cancelled, DIAdem sometimes did not display the worksheet before the next refresh.
164051 If values were added or appended to a table, the last row of the block end could not have a value greater than the maximum channel length plus 10 values.
ANALYSIS
114084 In the dialog box for configuring the rainflow results, the labels LCC and RPC were swapped.
114102 The MatExtremeValues command returned the values-1E300 or 1E300 if the matrix only contained NoValues.
115763 The contour calculation is faster now for data sets that contain many y-values that are identical to the y-maximum or to the y-minimum. The calculation can now also be terminated.
118925 In DIAdem Version 11.1 and later versions, DIAdem no longer inserts a value with the same magnitude but the opposite sign, for the first reversal point of a load-time function, in Rainflow Classification. This behavior deviates from the stipulations of the brochure FVA 0/14, paragraph 1.2.4.
129796 The type of amplitude calculation (FFTAmplType) was not recorded when a order analysis in the frequency range was executed in the recording mode.
138076 In some cases, the optional index channel (FFTIndexChn) was not generated completely in the calculation of several FFTs.
142822 If the data in the 3D displays Surface and Characteristic Diagram was triplet data, a wrong error message was sometimes displayed.
145984 In the Calculator it sometimes happened that text assignments which contained a colon were incorrectly recorded, depending on the selected recording mode.
148665 The FFC and NIC calculation is different to DIAdem 11.0 and earlier versions. DIAdem now uses the cumulative calculation of all peaks according to the EuroNCAP. You can use time at level for a continuous calculation within a peak.
151416 When NoValues were replaced by a different value, the characteristic values of channels that were processed but did not contain NoValues were also changed.
152082 The x-channels of the bottom and the top envelope curve were incorrectly named if the y-input channel contained NoValues.
153367 After an incorrect evaluation of an expression in the Calculator, no further expression could be evaluated.
155177 The THIV calculation might have returned incorrect results.
164937 If an error occurred in a compound classification, DIAdem did not delete the already generated result channels.
167167 The PHD calculation sometimes returned incorrect results.
REPORT
118295 In 2D-axis systems with mirrored x-axes and y-axes the scaling would change to linear, if the x-axes texts were selected in the layout and deleted with <Del>.
124134 Now you can use the PicPalCtrlHSL variable to specify boundary colors in the global palette.
129531 Empty channels sometimes occurred in curve transformations.
129778 The setting Align subaxis ticks to grid sometimes returned different results when the layout was refreshed.
130139 If the data layer or the graphics layer was disabled a configuration dialog box then opened and this dialog box was then cancelled, DIAdem enabled the data layer or the graphics layer.
137430 Inserting an Excel table into a text object via the clipboard could lead to a crash.
141562 Using the keyboard combination <CTRL+S> to save a report did not function if the target path contained a & character.
146774 If a frame with a shadow was used in a report, the printout and the PDF export was incorrect.
148349 Using the PicPDFExport command to append pages could lead to previously exported pages missing in the PDF document.
SCRIPT
117320 The tooltips of variables did not function if the value to be displayed contained XML code.
125069 Opening DIAdem SCRIPT is now faster.
130156 If a vector only contained NoValues when the ArraysToChannels command was used, DIAdem generated a numeric channels with zeros. Now DIAdem generates NoValuesinstead.
131480 The ChnAreaInsert0 command did not function if there was a gap between the channel end and the position where the value was to be inserted.
134544 If the MsgType parameter of the MsgBoxDisp command had the value MsgTypeError, DIAdem did not terminate this script.
135671 The ArraytoChannels command does not support the VT_Decimal data type, which, for example, is provided by ORACLE data bases.
143745 AUT scripts did not generate result channels automatically.
151039 The GraphObjChnClear command only deleted curves but not constants.
154111 An error occurred when a property was generated and filled with a name that contained invalid characters, for example, a digit at the beginning. Invalid characters are now replaced by an underscore.
156641 If you used the GraphSheetMove command to move worksheets and then used the PicPDFExport command to print all worksheets to a PDF file, the alignment of the worksheets was sometimes wrong.
156793 If the display of recent files was disabled in Windows, the SUD Editor sometimes crashed.
157414 The ChnConvertToUnitSet command did not correctly convert the unit of channels that existed multiple times in the channel list.
97604 In the Debug mode the tooltip of a variable did not appear until the cursor moved away from the selection and then moved back over the selection.
USI
115796 ATFX files with "external components" are now supported better.
118712 If you saved a TDMS file on a computer and then loaded the file onto a computer with a different summertime setting, a time offset could occur.
143720 It sometimes happened in the ASAM data service that, if you used a laptop that was connected to a second monitor and you displayed a dialog box on the second monitor, that the dialog box could no longer display once the second monitor was disconnected.
147774 The DIAdem AOP3 DataPlugin for ASAM ODS now also supports Santorin 3.4 Server from the company AVL LIST GMBH.
161278 In the AOP3 DataPlugin the automatic recognition of the server version sometimes resulted in an incorrect search behavior for version 3.2 servers.
164020 If the <> operator was used for text attributes in the ASAM data service, this search condition was ignored by the AOP plugin.
Glossary of Terms
• Bug ID - When an issue is reported to NI, you may be given this ID or find it on ni.com. You may also find IDs posted by NI on the discussion forums or in KnowledgeBase articles.
• Legacy ID – An older issue ID that refers to the same issue. You may instead find this issue ID in older known issues documents.
• Description - A few sentences which describe the problem. The brief description given does not necessarily describe the problem in full detail.
• Workaround - Possible ways to work around the problem.
• Reported Version - The earliest version in which the issue was reported.
• Resolved Version - Version in which the issue was resolved or was no longer applicable. "N/A" indicates that the issue has not been resolved.
• Date Added - The date the issue was added to the document (not the reported date). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
[JLBP-10]
Maintain API stability as long as needed for consumers
Every breaking change that consumers must incorporate into their own code incurs a cost to them. There is the immediate cost of the consumers who are forced to change their own code to adapt to the newer version, but the far higher cost is the inconsistency introduced into the ecosystem and the resulting potential for diamond dependency conflicts. The deeper a library is in the dependency tree, the higher the inconsistency cost, regardless of the magnitude of the direct change cost.
Consequently, a library should try to maintain API stability as long as possible. It’s hard to recommend a frequency for all cases because of the widely varying cost. On one end of the spectrum are pre-1.0 libraries which don’t promise stability, and which can have breaking changes between every release. On the other end are Java standard libraries which all libraries depend on, most of whose classes have not had any breaking changes since they were introduced. As an anchoring point, no more than once every five years might be a good default for any library used by other open source libraries. In the end, the decision depends a lot on the needs of the consumers.
One thing to keep in mind is that many consumers are highly resistant to accepting breaking changes for various reasons:
As soon as you introduce breaking changes, they might decide to stick with the last working version indefinitely. For example, Hadoop added a dependency on Guava 11.0.2 in May of 2012, and didn’t upgrade it until March of 2017 (nearly five years later).
Changes to your API surface that customers don’t have to incorporate into their own code are a different story. One example is using a different Java package and Maven ID when releasing a new major version. However, there is a caveat: this only applies as long as the old major version is still maintained. As soon as the old major version is no longer supported, customers who want continued support will have to incur breaking changes so that they can depend on something that does have support. In this case, the transition can be seen as a “virtual breaking change.” The same rules apply here: maintain stability as long as needed by the consumers. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Southall Black Sisters
Southall Black Sisters (SBS) is a non-profit organisation based in Southall, West London, England. This women's group was established in August 1979 in the aftermath of the death of anti-fascist activist Blair Peach, who had taken part in a demonstration against a National Front rally at Southall Town Hall. In 1980, SBS successfully campaigned against virginity testing in the UK, a policy that was being used to verify the authenticity of Asian marriages by checking the state of women's hymens.
History
The SBS was originally established in order to provide a focus for the struggle of Asian women in the fight against racism, but became increasingly involved in defending the human rights of Asian women who are the victims of domestic violence and in campaigning against religious fundamentalism.
Throughout most of its existence, the group's primary campaigners have been Pragna Patel, Meena Patel and Hannana Siddiqui. Gita Sahgal, the writer and journalist (on issues of feminism, fundamentalism, and racism), film director, and human rights activist, has also been an active member of the organization.
They are best known for the role they played in the Ahluwalia case in 1989 when a woman named Kiranjit Ahluwalia set fire to her abusive husband. They supported her in the case, and were eventually successful.
In 2008, SBS won a legal challenge against Ealing Council, which had threatened to withdraw their funding for black and other ethnic minority women in the borough, in order to fund services for all women regardless of ethnic background. The Council sought to justify its decision on the grounds of "equality", "cohesion" and "diversity".
Awards and recognition
In 2010, the organisation was awarded Secularist of the Year by the National Secular Society, in recognition of their support of black and Asian women's human rights.
In July 2015, Pragna Patel was a co-recipient of the inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award, alongside Mauro Cabral of GATE. The award is named for Bob Hepple, the former lawyer of Nelson Mandela. In 2011, Patel was named in The Guardian as one of the Top 100 Women Activists and Campaigners. | WIKI |
Tom and Mary Bierbaum
Tom and Mary Bierbaum are an American husband-and-wife writing team, known for their work on the DC comic book Legion of Super-Heroes.
Biography
The Bierbaums entered the world of professional comic book writing through Legion fandom. Tom Bierbaum grew up as a Legion fan, first becoming exposed to the characters via Adventure Comics #310 (July 1963). Meanwhile, Mary Gilmore became a serious Legion fan in the late 1970s.
Interlac and marriage
Tom joined the Legion fan club The Legion Outpost, and then the Legion amateur press association Interlac, where he met fellow member Gilmore, who had joined the APA around the same time. Through Interlac, the two struck up a relationship. Gilmore lived in California, and as Bierbaum had designs on getting into the entertainment industry, he moved out West, and the two began living together, eventually getting married.
Early on in their relationship, the Bierbaums wrote stories together, their first published piece being a Halloween-themed short story for a local newspaper. (The story was actually a thinly veiled Legion of Super-Heroes story with the characters' names and situations changed.) They also submitted and published articles and stories in Interlac, which attracted the attention of veteran Legion artist Keith Giffen and future Legion editor Mark Waid (both of whom were also Interlac members).
Keith Giffen and early writing work
Recognizing the Bierbaum's devotion to the Legion, Giffen contacted them, at first using them as a sounding board for his ideas about the Legion. Giffen also utilized a new costume idea for Element Lad that Tom suggested.
In 1984, when Giffen was looking for a scripter for his "Lightning" stories in Deluxe Comics' Wally Wood's T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents, he recruited the husband and wife writing team for the job. That, along with their work for DC's New Talent Showcase editor Sal Amendola, convinced the editors at DC (specifically Dick Giordano) that they were ready to become Legion scripters.
Legion of Super-Heroes: "Five Years Later"
The Bierbaums wrote the first fifty issues of Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 4, from 1989 to 1993, except for the main Story in issues 21–24, written solo by Al Gordon. Working under editor Waid and alongside Giffen and Al Gordon (who was a co-writer and inker on the book) for the first 36 issues, the Bierbaums dialogued the "Five Years Later" storyline. The revival of the title was controversial with many longtime Legion fans, as it incorporated several major "retcons," including the editorially-mandated excision of Superboy from Legion history; the housing of Proty's consciousness in Lightning Lad's body; and the revelation that former Science Police liaison Shvaughn Erin was actually a formerly male transsexual who used drugs to maintain her female identity, while her longtime beau Element Lad was of ambiguous sexuality and would not have required her to be female.
The team created Devlin O'Ryan and Kono for the Legion.
After Giffen's departure, the Bierbaums continued on the title for another year, overseeing the return of several classic characters, until leaving for Legionnaires (a spin-off title) after Legion issue #50 (November 1993). They wrote Legionnaires for its first 15 issues, until 1994.
The Bierbaums and Giffen also worked together on DC's short-lived offbeat title The Heckler in 1992–1993.
Image and other publishers
After their DC work, the Bierbaums went on to write various titles for Image Comics, including Supreme, SuperPatriot, Star, and Youngblood: Strikefile, as well as Xena: Warrior Princess and Jurassic Park for Topps Comics. Most recently, they worked on Wonderlanders for Oktomica and StormQuest for Caliber Comics.
Personal life
Never full-time comics writers, the couple live in Erie, Pennsylvania, with their two children. Mary retired from being a nurse in 1991; Tom used to freelance for Variety before becoming a staffer at the short-lived entertainment/business website Inside.com. In 2001, he began work at NBC as a ratings analyst.
Writing method
As writing partners, the Bierbaums evolved a unique collaborating style. Generally, they work together in the conceptual stage, and then Tom writes the first draft. Mary works closely with Tom on the plotting, while Tom mainly writes the dialogue, with Mary acting as a sounding board for overall "feel and direction. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 58 Part 1.djvu/258
[58 STAT. PUBLIC LAWS-CH. 210 -MAY 29, 1944 53stat.69. 63Stat. 9. (2) COMMON TRUST FUND.- - Section 169 (d) (relating to Supp. II, 169 (d). income of common trust funds) is amended by inserting at the end thereof the following: Ante,p. W. "(4) The standard deduction provided in section 23 (aa) shall notbe allowed." s26tatU. .C (c) PARTNERSHIPS.- Section 183 (relating to partnership income) Supp. II,i183. is amended- (1) by striking out "(b) and (c)" in subsection (a) and insert- ing in lieu thereof "(b), (c), and (d)"; and (2) by inserting at the end thereof the following: "(d) STANDARD DEDUCTION.- In computing the net income of the Antep.23& . partnership, the standard deduction provided in section 23 (aa) shall not be allowed." 6UStat. i. (d) NONRESIDENT AI.ENS. - Section 213 (relating to deductions in computing net income of certain nonresident aliens) is amended by inserting at the end thereof the following: "(d) STANDARD DEDucrIoN. -The standard deduction provided in Ante, p. 236. section 23 (aa) shall not be allowed." 53 Stat. 17. 26U.8.C. 25(a); Supp. III, i 25 (a). Ante. p. 31. 53 Stat. 27. 26U.s.. 61; Supp. III, 51. Pot p. 240. 53 Stat. 18. 26U. 8.C. §25(b); Supp. III, 1 25 (b). Ante, p. 31. 53 Stat. 27. 26U.S.C.§61; Bupp. III, 651. Poit. p. 240. 53 tat. 27. 26U.8.C. 61; Supp. Im, 651. Po~,p. 20. SEC. 10. CREDITS AGAINST NET INCOME. (a) FoR NORMAL TAx.-Section 25 (a) (relating to credits against net income for the purposes of the normal tax) is amended by adding at the end thereof a new paragraph to read as follows: "(3) NORMAL-TAX EXEMPTON. -A normal-tax exemption of $500. In the case of a joint return by husband and wife under section 51, the normal-tax exemption shall be $1,000, except that if the adjusted gross income of one spouse is less than $500, the normal-tax exemption shall be $500 plus the adjusted gross income of such spouse." (b) FOR SuRiTAx.- Section 25 (b) (relating to credits for both normal tax and surtax) is amended to read as follows: "(b) CREDITS FOR SURTAX ONLY.- "(1) CREDIS. - -There shall be allowed for the purpose of the surtax, but not for the normal tax, the following credits against net income: "(A) A surtax exemption of $500 for the taxpayer; "(B) A surtax exemption of $500 for the spouse of the taxpayer if- "(i) a joint return is made by the taxpayer and his spouse under section 51, in which case the surtax exemp- tion of the spouses under subparagraph (A) and this subparagraph shall be only $1,000 in the aggregate, or "(ii) a separate return is made by the taxpayer, and his spouse has no gross income for the calendar year in which the taxable year of the taxpayer begins and is not the dependent of another taxpayer; "(C) A surtax exemption of $500 for each dependent whose gross income for the calendar year in which the taxable year of the taxpayer begins is less than $500, except that if such dependent is married the exemption in respect of such dependent shall not be allowed if such dependent has made a joint return with the other spouse under section 51 for a taxable year beginning in such calendar year. "(2) DErERMINATION OF sTATUs. - T he determination of whether an individual is married shall be made as of the last day of the taxable year, unless his spouse dies during the taxable year, in which case such determination shall be made as of the date of his spouse's death. 238
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Often times religion has had major effects on a society, big or small. The Tang and Song empires of China were no different. The renaissance of Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism, has had many positive and negative effects on the Tang and Song eras. Confucianism did not allow military power and most rulers at that time were Confucians and had to abide by these rules. Also, Confucianism focus was to find "the way" which was the pursuit of self discipline and building character. Again, most of the noble were Confucians and had to be less greedy. Both of these effected the cultures of the Tang and Song societies.
Confucians believed that war was not the way, and since the emperor and other nobles were Confucians, they had to abide by these rules. The emperors depended on uneducated peasants, the poor, mercenaries and their allies for malarial support. This would not be that effective against an attack from an enemy that my have a well trained army of thousands of men. Because the militaries of the Tang and Song empires were not very strong, they depended on diplomacy for peace. They would pay tribute to their enemies to avoid conflict. Because they had to pay tribute the empire could not grow as big as they should have been.
Neo-Confucianism's goal was to find "the way" which was the pursuit of discipline and self cultivation. Most of the noble men and rulers at this time were Confucians and followed these beliefs. Because they lived up to Confucian ideals, they could not be greedy or generally mean to others. This meant taxis and such unpleasant obligations would be kept to a minimum. This at first sounds good but in the long run, really isn't. It has both positive and negative effects.
The positive and negative effects of these two Confucian beliefs both helped and destroyed the empires of the Tang and the Song. Because the empire had a small army, they made themselves susceptible to military attack from enemies. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:Gisburn
disagreement about a mention of Gisburn Forest
There were a couple of reverts, so to avoid misunderstandings let's discuss.
* User:Mhockey deleted a sentence about Gisburn Forest, with the edit comment "material on Gisburn Forest moved to Tosside":.
* I reverted saying "no need to remove it from here though?"
* My reversion was reversed with a new explanation for the removal: "Gisburn Forest is not in, or adjacent to, Gisburn - it's about 4 miles away"
* I reverted again (perhaps I should have already started discussion here, but I still presumed this was just a basic misunderstanding) "4 miles is fairly adjacent and it is within historical Gisburn which is also a subject of this article, at least in passing?"
* On my talk page, Mhockey has raised this sequence of edits, answering only the first point about being adjacent, pointing out that there is a modern civil parish between Gisburn and Gisburn Forest.
To explain my concern: the article is about Gisburn, and covers this area both in its modern senses and in older senses. The modern civil parish of Gisburn historically covered not only Gisburn Forest, but also the parish between Gisburn Forest and Gisburn. The boundaries of this older parish largely correspond to the modern ward of Gisburn. A
In terms of WP policies see for example WP:SPLIT. The subject does not seem being enough to justify splitting the article into many articles, one for the modern civil parish, one for the ancient parish, and so on? Therefore it seems reasonable to leave at least basic information about the smaller parishes where it fits? Indeed Gisburn Forest is mentioned in other places in the article, where it seems to cause no concern.
Possibly the specific sentence removed was just going one step too far, but if so let's get that rationale on record. The rationales in the edit summaries did not explain it this way.--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 09:42, 18 March 2016 (UTC)
* Although I don't have strong feelings about it, I'm afraid I'm on 's side of this one. While it is appropriate to mention Gisburn Forest here, I feel that the population info was included because this is where the redirect then pointed. I would welcome more info in this article about the relationship between the two places. Was Gisburn Forest a hunting preserve attached to a lordship I wonder, like Bowland and Blackburn (Pendle, Rossendale, Trawden)? Trappedinburnley (talk) 12:42, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
* I was actually wondering if that was the argument against the removed text. What you are saying about population figures makes sense. I would say that concerning the population figures we can include all or none of the other Gisburn parishes apart from modern Gisburn. Does that agree with what you are saying? One reason for posting here was that the edit summaries did not explain it this way. Concerning the history of the place, I understand it was, as I think you are suggesting, "legally" a "forest" in the medieval sense of the term, but belonging to the ancient parish of Gisburn.--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 14:49, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
* From Visions of Britain: "In 1870-72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Gisburn Forest like this:
* GISBURN-FOREST, a township in Gisburn parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 8 miles S of Settle. It contains the hamlets of Haughton-Chapel and Owlshaw. Acres, 4, 756. Real property, £2, 491. Pop., 301. Houses, 62. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/12720
* Ancient Gisburn boundaries: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/12720
* Gisburn Forest in isolation: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10427990/boundary
* Perhaps the Gisburn Forest population could be replaced with a figure for the ward?
* http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000004720
* http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13693077&c=Gisburn&d=14&e=62&g=6442393&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1458406147266&enc=1
* And although it is old, this looks promising on the history side:
* http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/craven-history/05_Parish-of-Gisburne.pdf
* I'll try to find time to put a little work into the article soon.Trappedinburnley (talk) 17:04, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
Guy of Gisbourne
The Guy of Gisbourne page links to Gisburn but apparently the (fictional) Guy in the ballad is from some other location. Should I break the link? Gilgamesh4 (talk) 20:26, 17 August 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:LijuGeorge
My name is Liju Robin George. I am a Developer and have been developing web as well as enterprise software applications for close to 6 years now. I currently work part-time at the University of Pittsburgh as a Developer for the Picso Lab under Dr. Yu-Ru Lin. I am also pursuing my Master's in Information Science Degree in the Big Data track from the University of Pittsburgh.
My main interests lie in being a Full Stack Developer. I like to work in a varied set of technology handling front-end, back-end as well as databases. My experience range from working for large corporations to startups. I have worked in domains of education, healthcare, insurance and finance. Majority of my work focuses on use of OOP languages and relational databases.
Apart from my career aspirations, I like playing the guitar, listening to music and reading comics. | WIKI |
Talk:Railway troops
Where's Britain's?
Surprised an article now 8 yrs old has nothing on Britain's railway troops, provided by the Royal Engineers from the 19th century and through both World Wars. Deserves flagging up to the Military History Task Force.Cloptonson (talk) 05:23, 26 May 2021 (UTC)
* ...and also by the Royal Corps of Transport e.g. in Germany. Bermicourt (talk) 07:11, 26 May 2021 (UTC)
* Ah yes, they superseded the REs in that role. I know a former CO of one such RCT railway unit.Cloptonson (talk) 05:30, 27 May 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Middle Fly District
The Middle Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea is a large, coastal district that forms the central area of the Fly River basin. It contains the Local-Level Government areas of: Balimo Urban, Bamu Rural, Gogodaia Rural, Lake Murray Rural, and Nomad Rural, and the population centres of Balimo, Bamu, Gogodala and Nomad. It also contains the largest lake in the country, Lake Murray.
Demographics
The population of the district in the 2011 census was 79,349. The most Populous LLG in the area at that time was Gogodala, with almost 25,000 people, making Gogodala the most populous LLG in the province.
Politics
The political seat of the district is Balimo. Balimo is situated slightly north of the Fly River, and is an inland settlement of about 4000 people.
Climate
The district is situated on a plain. The plain is a very humid environment, and has a stable tropical temperature of 27 to 32 degrees Celsius. Humid conditions and wetlands are responsible for a major malaria concern.
Geography
The district covers the central area of the Western Province. It shares a Provincial border with Southern Highlands Province and Gulf Province in the east. It shares an international boundary with the Papua province of Indonesia in the west and borders South Fly District in the south, and the North Fly District in the north.
Economy
The Middle Fly District is one of the most underdeveloped economies in the world. The major mining economy of the North Fly has not benefited the residents of the Middle Fly District until recently with the establishment of the PNG Sustainable Development Program which now owns the BHP share of the Ok Tedi Mine. Residents of this district have previously been involved in litigation against BHP for its environmental impact on their subsistence lifestyle. | WIKI |
Aleksandar Mihajlovski Aleksandar Mihajlovski - 11 months ago 106
Javascript Question
Get data from PouchDB callback function?
I need to get all the documents from PouchDB database and store them in $scope variable (AngularJS). Can anyone tell me how to get the 'doc' from the callback function?
db.allDocs({include_docs: true, descending: true}, function(err, doc) {
$scope.info = doc;
});
Outside of this code, $scope.info is undefined, the doc object is not stored in this variable
Answer
I assume that the db is a 3rd party code not part of angularjs or a service, then you need to do it like
db.allDocs({include_docs: true, descending: true}, function(err, doc) {
$scope.$apply(function(){
$scope.info = doc;
})
});
because angularjs is not aware of changes that happens somewhere else | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The House at Pooh Corner (1961).pdf/185
“Hallo, everybody,” said Christopher Robin—“Hallo, Pooh.”
They all said “Hallo,” and felt awkward and unhappy suddenly, because it was a sort of good-bye they were saying, and they didn’t want to think about it. So they stood around, and waited for somebody else to speak, and they nudged each other, and said “Go on,” and gradually Eeyore was nudged to the front, and the others crowded behind him.
“What is it, Eeyore?” asked Christopher Robin. Eeyore swished his tail from side to side, so as to encourage himself, and began.
“Christopher Robin,” he said, “we’ve come to say—to give you—it’s called—written by—but we’ve all—because we’ve heard, I mean we all know—well, you see, it’s—we—you—well, that, to put it as shortly as possible, is what it is.” He turned round angrily on the others and said, “Everybody crowds round so in this Forest. There’s no Space. I never saw a more Spreading lot of animals in my life, and all in the wrong places. Can’t you see that Christopher Robin wants to be alone? I’m going.” And he humped off.
Not quite knowing why, the others began edging away, and when Christopher Robin had finished reading POEM, and was looking up to say, “Thank you,” only Pooh was left.
“It’s a comforting sort of thing to have,” said | WIKI |
German Street Whore Fucked No Condom and Creampie in Berlin - pregnancy statistics with condom and pill
Category
pregnancy statistics with condom and pill - German Street Whore Fucked No Condom and Creampie in Berlin
May 31, · Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) and condoms are methods of birth control used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control pills are taken orally and are used by women only. Condoms are worn externally and there are condoms for both males and females. Dec 31, · what this means is that for % of women, the pill + a condom would result in pregnancy.2% of the time. For that 1/ women, this would result in pregnancy 4% of the time. As a guy I would recommend to other guys looking into this issue to get a DNA test prior to signing any legally binding paperwork as the chances are very small.
Oct 22, · Condoms are usually quite effective at preventing pregnancy. But in order to decrease the chances of getting pregnant, you need to use it correctly. Here's how. However, use of additional water-based lubricant swith condoms can reduce the risk of breaking or bursting. There is no exact percentage on chances of getting pregnant if the condom breaks. In addition, if your partner is on any other contraception, i.e., a pill or an Implanon, the chances of pregnancy are slim.
But that's okay, because if you change your pill habits a bit, you don't need any extra help with that: you're on the pill AND using condoms, and that gets you about as close to a zero chance of pregnancy as it gets without abstaining from sex, so long as, again, you're using both methods properly and consistently. 21 rows · Jun 08, · Different methods of birth control can be highly effective at preventing .
Jul 04, · A mom of four became pregnant with three of her kids despite “religiously” using the contraceptive pill and condoms. In a bid to put a stop to her ever-expanding brood, the super-fertile Jul 16, · Birth control pills are % effective. Since you have been taking it consistently st the same time every day, your chance of being pregnant is at %. Plus, having a secondary form of contraceptive by using condoms adjunct to your pills, would really put you at an extremely low chance of getting pregnant, as you made mention. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tom Savage (rugby union)
Tom Savage (born 24 April 1989) is an English professional rugby union player who currently plays as a lock or flanker for in Super Rugby.
Savage previously played for Gloucester in the Aviva Premiership, signing his first contract with and making his debut for the club in 2011. In December 2012, he signed a three-year contract extension with Gloucester until end of 2015–16 season. In July 2015, he once more extended his stay with the club, agreeing to another long-term deal.
Savage captained Gloucester during the 2013–14 season.
On 5 April 2019, Savage left Gloucester after eight seasons with his home club to play with Suntory Sungoliath in Japan's Top League competition. He went on to play four seasons for the club.
On 9 November 2023, he was named in the squad for the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. | WIKI |
Love Is Gone
"Love Is Gone" is a song by French house DJ David Guetta and American singer Chris Willis. It is the second single from Guetta's third studio album, Pop Life. The single was released in France in June 2007 and in the UK in August 2007. The song reached No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming his second Top 10 hit. The song also received crossover airplay on top 40 radio stations in the United States, leading it to reach No. 98 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The song has been remixed by its co-producers Frédéric Riesterer (as Fred Rister) & Joachim Garraud, Eddie Thoneick, Fuzzy Hair and Amo & Navas. The Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud remix was the first David Guetta production to use a guitar sample which was later used in the songs "I Gotta Feeling" by The Black Eyed Peas and "Gettin' Over". The music video of the song features American actress Kelly Thiebaud.
Track listings
* UK CD1
* 1) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Radio Edit) – 3:22
* 2) "Love Don't Let Me Go" (Original Edit) – 3:39
* UK CD2
* 1) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Radio Edit) – 3:22
* 2) "Love Is Gone" (Original Extended Mix) – 6:43
* 3) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Remix) – 8:21
* 4) "Love Is Gone" (Fuzzy Hair Remix) – 6:25
* 5) "Love Is Gone" (Eddie Thoneick's Liberte Mix) – 7:12
* 6) "Love Is Gone" (Amo & Navas Rmx) – 6:46
* French CD Single
* 1) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Radio Edit) – 3:22
* 2) "Love Is Gone" (Original Mix) – 3:08
* 3) "Love Is Gone" (Eddie Thoneick's Liberte Mix) – 7:12
* 4) "Medley Album Pop Life" – 2:50
* European CD Single
* 1) "Love Is Gone" (Original Extended Mix) – 6:43
* 2) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Remix) – 8:21
* 3) "Love Is Gone" (Fuzzy Hair Remix) – 6:25
* 4) "Love Is Gone" (Eddie Thoneick's Liberte Mix) – 7:12
* 5) "Love Is Gone" (Eddie Thoneick's Ruff Mix) – 7:10
* 6) "Love Is Gone" (Amo & Navas Rmx) – 6:46
* 7) "Love Is Gone" (Original Mix) – 3:08
* 8) "Love Is Gone" (Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud Radio Edit) – 3:22 | WIKI |
Shirley NEWMAN and Anthony Butler, Plaintiffs, v. SAN JOAQUIN DELTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT; Daniele Ruley; James Wood; and Does 1 through 100, inclusive, Defendants.
No. CIV. 2:09-3441 WBS KJN.
United States District Court, E.D. California.
Aug. 31, 2011.
Kenneth N. Meleyco, Law Offices of Kenneth N. Meleyco, Stockton, CA, Stephen M. Ryals, PHV, Ryals and Breed PC, Saint Louis, MO, for Plaintiff.
James Thomas Anwyl, Anwyl Scoffield & Stepp, LLP, Rancho Cordova, CA, J. Anthony Abbott, Mayall Hurley Knutsen Smith & Green, Stockton, CA, James B. Carr, Mastagni Holstedt Amick Miller & Johnsen, Sacramento, CA, for Defendant.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER RE: MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT, SUMMARY ADJUDICATION, OR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND MOTION IN LI-MINE
WILLIAM B. SHUBB, District Judge.
Plaintiffs Shirley Newman and Anthony Butler brought this action against defendants San Joaquin Delta Community College District (“Delta College”), Daniele Ruley, and James Wood, asserting claims for excessive force, unreasonable seizure, and disability discrimination under federal and state law. Presently before the court are Delta College and Ruley’s joint motion for summary judgment or partial summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56, Wood’s motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication pursuant to Rule 56, and plaintiffs’ motion in limine.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
On March 13, 2008, plaintiffs, who have lived together since 2000, were attending classes in separate classrooms at Delta College when Newman began to suffer from anxiety. Newman, a 43-year-old woman with a history of mental illness, sought out Butler to comfort her. An instructor in Butler’s classroom called campus police when Newman stated at one point that she was going to hurt someone. (See Meleyco Decl. Ex. J (classroom instructor deposition transcript), at 11-22, Ex. U (police dispatcher deposition transcript), at 21-23.) The dispatcher told the police officers that the wife was upset and crying and on the “verge of being violent towards her husband.” (Medina Decl. Ex. 20, at Ex. 2.)
According to plaintiffs, they were walking quietly and calmly to the classroom door as they held each other when the individual defendants arrived. (See Meleyco Decl. Ex. E (Butler deposition transcripts), at Feb. 27, 2009, dep. tr. 91-92, Ex. J, at 23-24.) Butler complied with Delta College police officer Wood’s orders to come with him, but was slammed to the ground and dragged into the hallway by Woods and Delta College police officer Ruley. Newman states that Ruley then pulled her through the classroom door and slammed her against the hallway wall three times, while using racially derogatory language. Plaintiffs were released after five to ten minutes. (See id. Ex. E, at Feb. 27, 2009, dep. tr. 94-104, Apr. 5, 2011, dep. tr. 196-210, 223, 250, Aug. 12, 2009, dep. tr. 94-101; id. Ex. R (Newman deposition transcripts), at Apr. 12, 2009, dep. tr. 191-200, 244-57, Apr. 20, 2009, dep. tr. 384-386; Butler Decl. in Opp’n to Delta College & Ruley’s Mot. (“Butler Decl. I”) ¶¶ 16, 23-25, Exs. E-F (Online Citizen Complaint Forms); Newman Decl. in Opp’n to Delta College & Ruley’s Mot. (“Newman Decl. I”) ¶¶ 4-8, 19, 32-38, Exs. E-F (Online Citizen Complaint Forms); Butler Decl. in Opp’n to Wood’s Mot. (“Butler Decl. II”) ¶¶ 6-10; Newman Decl. in Opp’n to Wood’s Mot. (“Newman Decl. II”) ¶¶6-17; see also Meleyco Decl. Ex. BB (deposition transcript of witness to incident), at 11-12; id. Ex. B (deposition transcript of witness to incident), at 14-33, 52-55.)
According to defendants, plaintiffs were disturbing the other students and Butler failed to comply with Wood’s orders and appeared to be dragging Newman to the classroom door as she pushed away from him. Newman, screaming and crying, then tried to get to Butler while Wood was questioning him in the hallway.
On March 14, 2008, after meeting with Newman, a vice president at Delta College temporarily suspended her for student misconduct. The vice president required Newman to submit documentation that supported her claim that she was receiving mental help. (See Michel Decl. ¶¶ 4-5, Ex. A-B.) Newman did not submit sufficient documentation and was notified on March 17, 2008, that she was suspended through the summer 2008 semester. Following numerous appeals, the president of Delta College rescinded the suspension later that summer.
Delta College’s Disabled Students Program and Services (“DSPS”) office now permits Newman to have Butler attend classes with her. The DSPS office had previously accommodated Newman with extended test-taking time and allowed her to use the elevators.
Defendants removed the case to this court on December 11, 2009. Plaintiffs assert a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim for excessive force and unreasonable seizure as well as state law claims for battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and negligent infliction of emotional distress against all defendants. Newman also asserts claims for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101-12183, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794, California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act (“Unruh Act”), see Cal. Civil Code § 51, California’s Disabled Persons Act (“DPA”), see id. § 54.1, and California Government Code section 11135 against Delta College. See Cal. Gov’t Code § 11135.
II. Discussion
Summary judgment is proper “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). A material fact is one that could affect the outcome of the suit, and a genuine issue is one that could permit a reasonable jury to enter a verdict in the non-moving party’s favor. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact and can satisfy this burden by presenting evidence that negates an essential element of the non-moving party’s case. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Alternatively, the moving party can demonstrate that the non-moving party cannot produce evidence to support an essential element upon which it will bear the burden of proof at trial. Id.
Once the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to “designate ‘specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.’ ” Id. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (quoting then-Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)). To carry this burden, the non-moving party must “do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). “The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence ... will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably find for the [non-moving party].” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 252, 106 S.Ct. 2505.
In deciding a summary judgment motion, the court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and draw all justifiable inferences in its favor. Id. at 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505. “Credibility determinations, the weighing of the evidence, and the drawing of legitimate inferences from the facts are jury functions, not those of a judge ... ruling on a motion for summary judgment ....” Id.
A. Evidentiary Objections
Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c)(2), “[a] party may object that the material cited to support or dispute a fact cannot be presented in a form that would be admissible in evidence.” Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(c)(2) (emphasis added).
The parties have filed numerous evidentiary objections, many of which are particularly improper on summary judgment. See Burch v. Regents of Univ. of Cal., 433 F.Supp.2d 1110, 1119-20 (E.D.Cal.2006) (Shubb, J.). Objections to evidence on the ground that the evidence is irrelevant, speculative, argumentative, or constitutes an improper legal conclusion are all duplicative of the summary judgment standard itself. All of these objections are overruled as moot.
Delta College and Ruley object to many of the exhibits attached to plaintiffs’ counsel’s declaration: (1) deposition transcripts and exhibits, (2) expert reports and CVs, and (3) documents produced by Delta College, such as (a) e-mails among Delta College police officers after the incident, (b) the internal affairs investigation report and related documents, and (c) documents pertaining to the tasering of a mentally ill student. (See Delta College & Ruley’s Objections to Meleyco Decl.) The court overrules the objections to these exhibits because plaintiffs may be able to present this evidence at trial in a form that would be admissible. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(2). The court also overrules Delta College and Ruley’s objections to statements in plaintiffs’ counsel’s declaration.
The court overrules Delta College and Ruley’s objections contained within their response to plaintiffs’ statement of undisputed facts. (See Delta College & Ruley’s Objections to Pis.’ Evidence in Supp. of them Opp’n to Defs.’ Mot. for Summ. J. or Partial Summ. J.)
The court overrules plaintiffs’ objections to Wood’s declaration, (see Pis.’ Opp’n to Wood Decl. Submitted in Supp. of Wood’s Mot. for Summ. J./Adjudication), and plaintiffs’ objections contained within their response to Wood’s statement of undisputed facts, (see Pis.’ Statement of Disputed & Undisputed Material Facts in Opp’n to Wood’s Mot. for Summ. J. or Partial Summ. J.), except for 11, which objects on the ground that the diagnosis of Newman in the cited evidence was not made by a qualified expert. The court sustains this objection. The court overrules plaintiffs’ objections contained in their response to Delta College and Ruley’s statement of undisputed facts, (Pis.’ Statement of Disputed & Undisputed Material Facts in Opp’n to Delta College & Ruley’s Mot. for Summ. J. or Partial Summ. J.), except for 25. The court sustains objection 25 to the transcript of the classroom instructor’s call to police. The parties dispute its authenticity.
B. Plaintiffs’ § 1988 Claim
In relevant part, § 1983 provides:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State ..., subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States ... to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity or other proper proceeding for redress ....
42 U.S.C. § 1983. While § 1983 is not itself a source of substantive rights, it provides a cause of action against any person who, under color of state law, deprives an individual of federal constitutional rights or limited federal statutory rights. 42 U.S.C. § 1983; Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 393-94, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989).
1. Individual Defendants
a. Excessive Force
Under the Fourth Amendment, police may use only such force during an arrest as is objectively reasonable under the circumstances, as judged by a reasonable officer at the scene. Graham, 490 U.S. at 396-97, 109 S.Ct. 1865. Excessive force claims require “balanc[ing] the amount of force applied against the need for that force.” Bryan v. MacPherson, 630 F.3d 805, 823-24 (9th Cir.2010) (quoting Meredith v. Erath, 342 F.3d 1057, 1061 (9th Cir.2003)) (internal quotation marks omitted). Summary judgment should be granted sparingly on excessive force claims. See Gregory v. Cnty. of Maui, 523 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir.2008).
In considering the need for the force, the court considers three non-exclusive factors: “the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.” Bryan, 630 F.3d at 826 (quoting Graham, 490 U.S. at 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865) (internal quotation marks omitted). The safety factor is the most important factor. Id.
Here, on March, 13, 2008, when Newman began suffering from anxiety, she sought out Butler, who was in a classroom down the hall. Butler attempted to comfort Newman. The classroom instructor then brought them into a side office. In the office, Newman rummaged through the items on the desk and stated that she was going to hurt someone. The classroom instructor then called Delta College police.
Wood and Ruley received a call about a husband and wife disturbing the peace. The dispatcher said the wife was upset and crying and on the “verge of being violent towards her husband.” (Medina Decl. Ex. 20, at Ex. 2.)
According to plaintiffs, plaintiffs then walked calmly and quietly through the classroom as other students were working, stopping briefly to grab Butler’s backpack. Butler was holding Newman in a “hugging position”; Newman was crying quietly and clinging to Butler’s shirt.
Before plaintiffs were able to exit the classroom, the individual defendants arrived on the scene. Newman then got behind Butler, still in physical contact with him. Butler requested some space from the individual defendants. Wood ordered Butler to come with him. Butler stated, “Okay. But my wife is very, very ill. We have to kind of go slow,” (Meleyco Ex. E, at Feb. 27, 2009, dep. tr. 94:19-20), and then took a step toward Wood. Wood then repeated his order in a more commanding tone and grabbed Butler’s arm. Wood then “[sjlammed,” {id. Ex. E, at Apr. 5, 2011, dep. tr. 205:19), Butler to the ground with the assistance of Ruley, who pulled Butler’s shirt over his head. Ruley also pushed Newman away from Butler as Newman tried to hold on to him. The individual defendants then dragged Butler, who was lying face-down, approximately seven feet through the classroom door and down the hallway, at which point Wood stood Butler upright.
Ruley then returned to the classroom to find Newman, who had remained in the same spot. Ruley grabbed Newman’s arm or wrist and forcefully pulled her through the classroom door, allegedly injuring Newman’s shoulder. Ruley then continued to pull Newman down the hallway, in the opposite direction of Wood and Butler. Grabbing Newman at the shoulders, Ruley slammed Newman against the hallway wall three times, allegedly causing injury to her lower back that later required surgery. Newman claims that she never attempted to get away from or resist Ruley.
Butler explained to Wood that his wife was mentally ill and what had happened. A professor and a student who knew Newman attempted to explain Newman’s circumstances to Ruley. (See Meleyco Deck Exs. O, B.) Plaintiffs were detained for five to ten minutes before being released.
Under plaintiffs’ version of the facts, the government interest in the use of force was minimal. See Bryan, 630 F.3d at 826. The only possibly applicable crimes were the misdemeanors of failing to comply with an order, resisting arrest, disturbing the peace, or battery. “While ‘the commission of a misdemeanor offense is not to be taken lightly, it militates against finding the force used to effect an arrest reasonable where the suspect was also nonviolent and posed no threat to the safety of the officers or others.’ ” Id. at 828-29 (quoting Headwaters Forest Def. v. Cnty. of Humboldt, 240 F.3d 1185, 1204 (9th Cir.2000), vacated and remanded on other grounds sub nom. Cnty. of Humboldt v. Headwaters Forest Def., 534 U.S. 801, 122 S.Ct. 24, 151 L.Ed.2d 1 (2001)). Plaintiffs’ evidence suggests that they did not pose a threat to the officers and did not resist or attempt to flee before or after the individual defendants began to use force. Moreover, if the individual defendants knew that Newman was “acting out” from a mental illness, the Ninth Circuit has indicated that less intrusive means may be more appropriate. See id. at 829, 122 S.Ct. 24 (discussing use of intermediate force).
While the force used was not deadly or intermediate, it involved slamming Butler to the ground and dragging him and pulling Newman and slamming her against the wall three times. Under plaintiffs’ version of the events, there is a genuine dispute regarding the reasonableness of the force under the balancing test set forth in Graham.
Section 1983 requires “personal participation.” Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir.2002). While Wood did not touch Newman, Wood initiated the use of force against Butler and a jury could reasonably infer that he participated in the subsequent use of force against Newman. Accordingly, the court will deny the individual defendants’ motions for summary judgment on the § 1983 claim for excessive force.
b. Unreasonable Seizure
An investigatory stop under Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968), only requires reasonable suspicion; an arrest requires probable cause. See Washington v. Lambert, 98 F.3d 1181, 1185-86 (9th Cir.1996).
To determine whether a seizure was a Terry stop or an arrest, the “general consideration” is that a Terry stop is brief and of a minimally intrusive nature. United States v. Guzman-Padilla, 573 F.3d 865, 884 (9th Cir.2009). Beyond this general consideration, the courts usually use two inquiries to determine whether a seizure was a Terry stop or arrest. Id. “First, it is well-established that intrusive measures may convert a stop into an arrest if the measures would cause a reasonable person to feel that he or she will not be free to leave after brief questioning— i.e., that indefinite custodial detention is inevitable.” Id. “Second, because ‘[t]he purpose of a Terry stop is to allow the officer to pursue his investigation without fear of violence,’ “we allow intrusive and aggressive police conduct without deeming it an arrest ... when it is a reasonable response to legitimate safety concerns on the part of the investigating officers.’ ” Id. (quoting United States v. Taylor, 716 F.2d 701, 708 (9th Cir.1983), and United States v. Miles, 247 F.3d 1009, 1012-13 (9th Cir.2001)) (alterations in original) (citation omitted).
Here, a trier of fact could find that the Terry stop transformed into an arrest. As the facts are shown by plaintiffs, nothing had occurred that would make the officers fear for their safety, justifying aggressive conduct. See Guzman-Padilla, 573 F.3d at 883; see, e.g., United States v. Ricardo D., 912 F.2d 337, 340 (9th Cir.1990).
“Probable cause to arrest exists when officers have knowledge or reasonably trustworthy information sufficient to lead a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested.” United States v. Lopez, 482 F.3d 1067, 1072 (9th Cir.2007).
Under plaintiffs’ version of the events, the only fact supporting probable cause would have been the information the individual defendants received from the student dispatcher. However, once they arrived on the scene, the individual defendants would have seen that plaintiffs were calmly and quietly walking toward the classroom exit. According to plaintiffs, Butler complied with Wood’s orders. There is a genuine dispute with respect to whether probable cause existed to arrest either plaintiff for any crime. Accordingly, the court will deny the individual defendants’ motions for summary judgment on the unreasonable seizure claim.
c. Qualified Immunity
A court may not determine qualified immunity at the summary judgment stage when there is a factual dispute as to “the facts and circumstances within an officer’s knowledge” or “what the officer and claimant did or failed to do.” Up!/Portland v. Bagley, 988 F.2d 868, 873 (9th Cir.1993); see Wilkins v. City of Oakland, 350 F.3d 949, 956 (9th Cir.2003); see, e.g., Castillo v. City of Oakland, No. C 09-4679, 2010 WL 4316176, at *3 (N.D.Cal. Oct. 26, 2010); Begzad v. City of Hayward, No. C03-2163, 2005 WL 350961, *7 (N.D.Cal. Feb. 14, 2005). Here, there are multiple factual disputes regarding what the individual defendants and plaintiffs did or failed to do and what the individual defendants knew, thus precluding the court from determining the issue of qualified immunity.
2. Monell Claim
“In a Monell claim, there are three ways to show a policy or custom of a [public entity]: (1) by showing ‘a longstanding practice or custom which constitutes the ‘standard operating procedure’ of the local government entity’; (2) ‘by showing that the decision-making official was, as a matter of state law, a final policymaking authority whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy in the area of decision’; or (3) ‘by showing that an official with final policymaking authority either delegated that authority to, or ratified the decision of, a subordinate.’ ” Rosenbaum v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 484 F.3d 1142, 1155 (9th Cir.2007). A policy is a deliberate choice made by the entity and can be one of action or inaction. See Long v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 442 F.3d 1178, 1185 (9th Cir.2006).
While not exactly clear from their opposition, plaintiffs appear to base their Monell claim on Delta College’s police policy or custom regarding handling mentally ill people, including the use of force. Plaintiffs appear to only rely on a failure-to-train theory under City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 109 S.Ct. 1197, 103 L.Ed.2d 412 (1989), and ratification.
“To impose liability ... under Canton, a plaintiff must show: (1) that [defendant’s] employee violated [the plaintiffl’s rights; (2) that the [defendant] has customs or policies that amount to deliberate indifference (as that phrase is defined by Canton); and (3) that these policies were the moving force behind the employee’s violation of [the plaintiffl’s constitutional rights, in the sense that the [the defendant] could have prevented the violation with an appropriate policy.” Gibson v. Cnty. of Washoe, Nev., 290 F.3d 1175, 1194 (9th Cir.2002).
The deliberate indifference standard is met when “the need for more or different training is so obvious, and the inadequacy so likely to result in the violation of constitutional rights, that the policymakers of the [entity] can reasonably be said to have been deliberately indifferent to the need.” Canton, 489 U.S. at 390, 109 S.Ct. 1197 (emphases added). “A plaintiff [] might succeed in proving a failure-to-train claim without showing a pattern of constitutional violations where ‘a violation of federal rights may be a highly predictable consequence of a failure to equip law enforcement officers with specific tools to handle recurring situations.’ ” Long, 442 F.3d at 1186 (quoting Bd. of Cnty. Comm’rs v. Brown, 520 U.S. 397, 409, 117 S.Ct. 1382, 137 L.Ed.2d 626 (1997)).
Here, one of plaintiffs’ police experts, Joseph McNamara, makes the general observation about how frequently police officers encounter mentally ill people and opines that police officers should be trained on how to handle them. (Meleyco Decl. Ex. UU (McNamara expert report)). Plaintiffs point to the fact that the Marc Bromme, who was chief of police at the time of the incident, acknowledged that the approach used to deal with mentally healthy people may not be effective with mentally ill people. (Id. Ex. D (Bromme deposition transcript), at 142:12-18.) Plaintiffs’ expert McNamara states, for example, that touching a mentally ill person may cause the person to erupt, while having the opposite effect on a mentally healthy person. (Id. Ex. UU.)
Plaintiffs point out that Delta College did not require continuing education training of police officers or have a policy in its police manual specifically addressing mentally ill people before this incident and still does not. (Id. Exs. D (Bromme deposition transcript), at 47:13-20, DD (Zwickey deposition transcript, at 116:2-9).) The California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training requires twenty-hours of continuing education training, with some of these hours discretionary on what topics a police department may cover. (Id. Ex. P (McNamara deposition transcript), at July 18, 2011, dep. tr. 159:17-160:10. McNamara recommends forty hours beyond the required twenty-four hours of continuing education be devoted to handling mentally ill people. (Id.)
In support of their failure-to-train theory, plaintiffs also point to four categories of post-incident evidence. See Henry v. Cnty. of Shasta, 132 F.3d 512, 519 (9th Cir.1997), amended on denial of rehearing, 132 F.3d 512 (9th Cir.1997) (“[P]ost-event evidence is not only admissible for purposes of proving the existence of a municipal defendant’s policy or custom, but is highly probative with respect to that inquiry.”). First, neither the police chief at the time nor the next police chief took corrective action. With respect to Newman specifically, an e-mail from the chief of police told his officers that Newman had a mental illness, but did not instruct them to handle her differently from mentally healthy people. (Meleyco Deck Ex. GG (emails).) Second, a series of e-mails among Delta College officials, including police officers, suggests that they pre-judged what had occurred. (Id.)
Third, the internal affairs investigation, conducted by a police officer who may have pre-judged the incident, “exonerated” the individual defendants. (Id. Ex. JJ (internal affairs report).) The chief of police reviewed the report and agreed with it in letters to plaintiffs. (See Butler Deck II Exs. G-H. Fourth, in April of 2011, three years after the incident, Delta College police tasered a mentally ill person. (Meleyco Deck Ex. II.)
In response to the failure-to-train theory, Delta College argues that plaintiffs have not presented evidence that contact with mentally ill people was a recurring situation. Delta College police officers, including the individual defendants, received all legislatively-mandated training, such as basic and field training. (See Ruley Deck ¶¶ 2-12; Wood Deck in Supp. of Delta College & Ruley’s Mot. ¶¶ 2-9; Di Piero Deck ¶¶ 2-10; Greenwood Deck ¶¶ 2-10; Vasquez Deck ¶¶ 2-8.) Basic and field training includes training on how to handle mentally ill people.
Delta College argues that plaintiffs do not have sufficient evidence of deliberate indifference, noting that plaintiffs do not cite past constitutional violations.
The court finds that plaintiffs’ evidence to prove its failure-to-train theory is relatively weak and relies on general observations about the frequency with which police officers encounter mentally ill people. Moreover, plaintiffs have not argued that the basic and field training with respect to mentally ill people is insufficient as a matter of content; plaintiffs simply argue for more training and a policy in the manual. Additionally, their post-incident evidence is far from as probative as the evidence was in Henry.
Nonetheless, drawing all inferences in plaintiffs’ favor, the court finds that the failure to have any continuing education training on handling mentally ill people and the failure to address the issue at all in the police manual creates at least triable issues with respect to whether Delta College’s failure to train amounted to deliberate indifference and was the “moving force” behind the constitutional violations. Cf. Abston v. City of Merced, No. 1:09-cv-00511, 2011 WL 2118517, at *15 (E.D.Cal. May 24, 2011) (Wanger, J.). Plaintiffs have gone beyond presenting evidence of the failure to train one officer, which is insufficient standing alone. See Blanken horn v. City of Orange, 485 F.3d 463, 484 (9th Cir.2007). Accordingly, the court will deny Delta College’s motion for summary judgment on the Monell claim.
C. Plaintiffs’Battery Claim
“Claims that police officers used excessive force in the course of an arrest, investigatory stop or other ‘seizure’ of a free citizen are analyzed under the reasonableness standard of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.” Munoz v. City of Union City, 120 Cal. App.4th 1077, 1102, 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 521 (1st Dist.2004); see also Austin B. v. Escondido Union Sch. Dist., 149 Cal.App.4th 860, 879, 57 Cal.Rptr.3d 454 (2007) (discussing joint tortfeasor liability). Accordingly, because the court will deny defendants’ motions for summary judgment on the excessive force claim, the court will deny defendants’ motions with respect to this claim.
D. Plaintiffs’ False Imprisonment Claim
“The elements of a tortious claim of false imprisonment are: (1) the nonconsensual, intentional confinement of a person, (2) without lawful privilege, and (3) for an appreciable period of time, however brief.” Easton v. Sutter Coast Hosp., 80 Cal.App.4th 485, 496, 95 Cal.Rptr.2d 316 (1st Dist.2000); see also Harden v. S.F. Bay Area Rapid Transit Dist., 215 Cal.App.3d 7, 15, 263 Cal.Rptr. 549 (1st Dist.1989) (discussing joint tortfeasor liability). “Pursuant to California Penal Code § 847(b)(1), a police officer shall not be held civilly liable for false arrest ... if the police officer had reasonable cause to believe the arrest was lawful ....” Turner v. Oakland Police Officers, No. C 09-03652, 2010 WL 234898, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Jan. 14, 2010). “Reasonable cause to arrest exists when the facts known to the arresting officer would lead a reasonable person to have a strong suspicion of the arrestee’s guilt.” Id. For the reasons discussed with respect to the unreasonable seizure claim, the court will deny defendants’ motions with respect to the false imprisonment claim.
E. Plaintiffs’ Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Claim
The elements for the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress are “(1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant with the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; (2) the plaintiffs suffering severe or extreme emotional distress; and (3) actual and proximate causation of the emotional distress by the defendant’s outrageous conduct.” Christensen v. Super. Ct., 54 Cal.3d 868, 904, 2 Cal.Rptr.2d 79, 820 P.2d 181 (1991) (quoting Davidson v. City of Westminster, 32 Cal.3d 197, 209, 185 Cal.Rptr. 252, 649 P.2d 894 (1982)). An unprovoked attack by a police officer could be considered extreme and outrageous conduct. See Graves v. City of Stockton, No. Civ. 04-0430 DFL KJM, 2006 WL 768831, at *5 (E.D.Cal. Mar. 27, 2006) (Levi, J.); Lewis v. City of Portland, No. Civ. 99-1279-AS, 2000 WL 254004, at *3 (D.Or. Jan. 21, 2000). Plaintiffs have presented evidence that they suffer from emotional distress. While Butler’s emotional distress seems to be significantly less than Newman’s, it is sufficient. See Graves, 2006 WL 768831, at *6. Accordingly, the court will deny defendants’ motions for summary judgment on this claim.
F. Plaintiffs’ Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress Claim
Plaintiffs treat this claim as a general negligence claim. “The elements of a negligence cause of action are: (1) a legal duty to use due care; (2) a breach of such legal duty; (3) the breach was the proximate or legal cause of the resulting injury; and (4) actual loss or damage resulting from the breach of the duty of care.” Megargee v. Wittman, 550 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1209 (E.D.Cal.2008) (O’Neill, J.). Under California law, police officers have a duty not to use excessive force. Knapps v. City of Oakland, 647 F.Supp.2d 1129, 1164 (N.D.Cal.2009). “[W]hether an officer breached such duty is ‘analyzed under the reasonableness standard of the Fourth Amendment to the United Constitution.’ ” Id. (quoting David v. City of Fremont, Nos. C 05-46 CW, C 05-956, 2006 WL 2168329, *21 (N.D.Cal. July 31, 2006)). For the reasons discussed above with respect to the excessive force claim, the court will deny defendants’ motions for summary judgment on the negligence claim.
G. Newman’s ADA and Rehabilitation Act Claims against Delta College
In the education context, “[t]o make out a prima facie case under either the ADA or Rehabilitation Act [a plaintiff] must show that (1) she is disabled under the Act; (2) she is ‘otherwise qualified’ to remain a student at the [ ] School, i.e., she can meet the essential eligibility requirements of the school, with or without reasonable accommodation; (3) she was dismissed solely because of her disability; and (4) the [] School receives federal financial assistance (for the Rehabilitation Act claim), or is a public entity (for the ADA claim).” Zukle v. Regents of Univ. of Cal., 166 F.3d 1041, 1045 (9th Cir.1999) (explaining 29 U.S.C. § 794 (Rehabilitation Act provision) and 42 U.S.C. § 12132 (ADA provision)).
The ADA regulations require a public entity to “make reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures when the modifications are necessary to avoid discrimination on the basis of disability, unless the public entity can demonstrate that making the modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of the services, program, or activity.” 28 C.F.R. § 35.130(b)(7); see also 34 C.F.R. § 104.44(a).
Here, Newman bases her ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims on Delta College (1) suspending Newman from attending classes following the March 13, 2008, incident, (2) “failing to conduct a proper analysis of her disability which resulted in a failure to recognize her need for a caregiver to be present in classes with her,” and (3) failing to provide “regular and consistent counseling to ensure her academic progress.” (Pis.’ Opp’n to Delta College & Ruley’s Mot. at 96:8-13.)
Newman met with someone from Delta College’s DSPS office on June 29, 2007. Newman told Roger Keeney that she had psychological problems. The only documentation Keeney required was a letter from the Social Security Administration confirming that she was receiving disability benefits. (See Meleyco Decl. Ex. N (Keeney dep. trans.), at 19, 25-26, 33-34.) DSPS’s guidelines allow for a student to be accompanied to class by a caregiver, but Newman was not offered this accommodation until after the incident. Newman was allowed some accommodations before the incident, such as extended test-taking time.
While it appears undisputed that Newman never specifically requested that a caretaker accompany her to class or academic counseling, there appears to be a genuine dispute as to whether Delta College engaged in good faith in the interactive process. The Ninth Circuit has explained what is required of a public entity as follows:
If [the plaintiff] is disabled, the [public entity] also had a duty to engage in an interactive process to consider his requested accommodations. As we have explained in the context of our employment cases, once the need for accommodation has been established, there is a mandatory obligation to engage in an informal interactive process “to clarify what the individual needs and identify the appropriate accommodation.” This interactive process is triggered upon notification of the disability and the desire for accommodation. An employer who fails to engage in such an interactive process in good faith may incur liability “if a reasonable accommodation would have been possible.”
Vinson v. Thomas, 288 F.3d 1145, 1154 (9th Cir.2002) (quoting Barnett v. U.S. Air, Inc., 228 F.3d 1105, 1112, 1114, 1116 (9th Cir.2000)) (addressing 28 C.F.R. § 35.130(b)(7)) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).
Newman’s theory is, had Delta College engaged in good faith in the interactive process, the incident of March, 13, 2008, may have been prevented. If the incident had been prevented, Newman would not have been suspended. The Ninth Circuit has noted the connection between the failure to accommodate and termination in the employment context. See Humphrey v. Mem’l Hosps. Ass’n, 239 F.3d 1128, 1138-39 (9th Cir.2001) (“Often the two claims, are, from a practical standpoint, the same.... In this case, MHA’s stated reason for Humphrey’s termination was absenteeism and tardiness. For purposes of the ADA, with a few exceptions, conduct resulting from a disability is considered to be part of the disability, rather than a separate basis for termination. The link between the disability and termination is particularly strong where it is the employer’s failure to reasonably accommodate a known disability that leads to discharge for performance inadequacies resulting from that disability.”). Thus, the genuine issue with respect to the failure to accommodate leads the court to deny Delta College’s motion for summary judgment as to the ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims.
H. Newman’s California’s Unruh Act and DPA Claim against Delta College
“The DPA and the Unruh Act both focus on ensuring that persons with disabilities have equal access to public businesses, facilities, and other accommodations.” Bass v. Cnty. of Butte, 458 F.3d 978, 980 (9th Cir.2006); see Cal. Civil Code §§ 51, 54.1; see generally Molski v. Arciero Wine Grp., 164 Cal.App.4th 786, 792, 79 Cal.Rptr.3d 574 (2d Dist.2008) (explaining how remedies differ under Unruh Act and DPA); C.B. v. Sonora School Dist., 691 F.Supp.2d 1123, 1154 (E.D.Cal.2009) (Wanger, J.) (same).
Violations of the ADA generally constitute violations of the Unruh Act and DPA. See Cal. Civ.Code §§ 51(f), 54(c); Bass, 458 F.3d 978. But see Bass, 458 F.3d 978 (holding that the Acts do not extend to ADA employment violations).
Here, based on her opposition, it appears that Newman’s Unruh Act and DPA claims are based solely on the ADA violation. Because Newman has a triable ADA claim, the court will deny the motion with respect to these state law claims.
I. California Government Code Section 11135
Remedies for violations of California Government Code section 11135, which prohibits entities receiving funding from the state from discriminating based on disability, are limited to “a civil action for equitable relief.” Cal. Gov’t Code § 11139.
Here, at the oral argument, Newman’s counsel stated that the only equitable relief Newman seeks is an injunction requiring training of Delta College police officers. Delta College’s only argument for summary judgment on this claim is that Newman will not be entitled to equitable relief under California Civil Code section 3422 (describing grounds for a permanent injunction). See Cal. Civil Code § 3422. However, Delta College has not demonstrated based on the evidence that Newman, who remains a student at Delta College, will not be entitled to equitable relief.
J. California’s Government Claims Act
In denying Wood’s motion to dismiss in this action, this court held:
Plaintiffs’ efforts substantially complied with the Government Claims Act because plaintiffs’ complaints alerted Delta College to the basis of the claims against Delta College, Ruley, and Wood, and the amount of damages that plaintiffs were seeking. In plaintiffs’ Online Citizen Complaint form, Newman even specifically identified Wood and Ruley and the officers who used force against her and arrested her. Under the facts as alleged, Delta College should have been aware that a monetary claim was being asserted against it and had sufficient information such that it could thoroughly investigate plaintiffs’ claims. Plaintiffs accordingly have sufficiently alleged substantial compliance with the claims presentation requirements of the Government Claims Act.
Newman v. San Joaquin Delta Cmty. College Dist., No. CIV. 2:09-3441, 2010 WL 3633737, at *6 (E.D.Cal. Sept. 14, 2010).
Even if the court only considers the documents received by Delta College, these documents include: (1) “Unlawful Discrimination Complaint Forms,” (Butler Decl. II Exs. L1-L2); (2) a March -21, 2008, letter, titled “Civil Rights Violation,” (id. Ex. C); (3) a May 21, 2008, letter, titled “Civil Rights Violations, Unfair and Illegal Treatment of a Mentally and Physically Handicapped Student,” (id. Ex. K); (4) “Statement of Damages (Personal Injury or Wrongful Death)” forms, (id. Exs. 01-02; Newman Decl. II 01-02); and (5) numerous letters from Newman appealing her suspension. (See, e.g., Newman Decl. II Exs. D, Dl.) Butler states that a vice president at Delta College refused to assist him “in trying to ‘extract money from Delta College.’ ” (Butler Decl. II ¶ 13.)
In response to the Unlawful Discrimination Complaint Forms, a Delta College vice president wrote a letter to plaintiffs. The letter described the incident and subsequent suspension: “Ms. Newman and Mr. Butler feel their civil and human rights have been grossly violated by the police and administration of Delta College.” The official concluded: “We found that the Campus Police acted appropriately given their training and procedures for similar situations.” (Id. Ex. Q.)
Taking the documents together, which the court reasonably infers was intended, plaintiffs substantially complied or Delta College failed to notify plaintiffs of any deficiencies in the “claims as presented,” thus waiving the requirement. See City of San Jose v. Super. Ct., 12 Cal.3d 447, 456-57, 115 Cal.Rptr. 797, 525 P.2d 701 (1974) (discussing substantial compliance); Wood v. Riverside Gen. Hosp., 25 Cal.App.4th 1113, 1118, 31 Cal.Rptr.2d 8 (4th Dist.1994) (same); City of San Jose v. Super. Ct., 12 Cal.3d 447, 456-57, 115 Cal.Rptr. 797, 525 P.2d 701 (1974) (same); Loehr v. Ventura Cnty. Cmty. Coll. Dist., 147 Cal.App.3d 1071, 1083, 195 CaLRptr. 576 (2d Dist.1983) (same); Alliance Fin. v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 64 Cal.App.4th 635, 643, 75 Cal.Rptr.2d 341 (1st Dist.1998) (discussing waiver); Santos v. Merritt Col lege, No. C-07-5227, 2008 WL 4570708, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Oct. 14, 2008) (same). Accordingly, the court will deny defendants’ motion for summary judgment on presentment-requirement grounds.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Delta College and Ruley’s motion for summary judgment or partial summary judgment be, and the same hereby is, DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Wood’s motion for summary judgment or adjudication be, and the same hereby is, DENIED.
. Before this incident, San Joaquin In Home Support Services had granted Newman twenty-four-hour "protective supervision” by Butler. Butler states that he enrolled in classes to be near Newman when Delta College would not allow him to sit inside or outside Newman's classrooms. (Butler Decl. in Opp'n to Delta College & Ruley's Mot. ("Butler Decl. I”) ¶ 4.)
. Plaintiffs request judicial notice, see Fed. R.Evid. 201, of eleven documents. (Pis.' Req. for Judicial Notice Exs. A-K.) The court declines to take judicial notice of these documerits because judicial notice is not necessary to resolve the motions.
Wood requests judicial notice of four documents, only three of which he attached to the request. (Wood’s Req. for Judicial Notice Exs. 1, 3-4.) The court declines to judicially notice the decision from the California Department of Health Services because it is not necessary to the resolution of the motions. The court denies the request to judicially notice the publications from the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training ("POST”) because they are incomplete copies of the publications.
. Following the surgery, Newman has had difficulty walking and generally uses a wheelchair. She also has had difficulty controlling her bowel and bladder functions and has had numbness in her genital area.
. Defendants’ version of the events differ. It appeared that Newman was pushing away from Butler as Butler dragged her toward the exit. She also was screaming and crying when she went behind Butler when the officers arrived. When Wood was questioning Butler in the hallway, Newman was trying to get to Butler.
The parties’ facts overlap in some respects. It appears undisputed that Butler was still holding Newman when Wood first pulled his arm. It also appears undisputed that after Ruley pulled Newman into the hallway, Newman was crying and screaming for Butler.
. The individual defendants may have known that Newman was mentally ill from how Newman was acting. Moreover, Newman was wearing a ’’medic-alert” bracelet and Butler informed the individual defendants that his wife was ill. Plaintiffs have also presented evidence suggesting that Ruley may have learned about Newman's mental illness before March 13, 2008, when she responded to a call involving Newman.
. Because plaintiffs have a viable Monell claim under the failure-to-train theory, the court declines to decide whether plaintiffs have grounds for Monell liability under ratification.
. By statute, a public entity is vicariously liable for injuries caused by their employees within the scope of employment, unless the employee is immune from liability. See Cal. Gov’t Code § 815.2. Accordingly, Delta College will be liable to the extent the individual defendants are liable for the state law torts.
. Wood argues that plaintiffs’ claim is barred by contributory negligence or assumption of the risk. The court finds triable issues of fact with respect to these affirmative defenses.
. While not raised by Delta College, the court notes that ‘‘[t]o recover monetary damages under Title II of the ADA or the Rehabilitation Act, a plaintiff must prove intentional discrimination on the part of the defendant,” and the standard for intentional discrimination is deliberate indifference. Duvall v. Cnty. of Kitsap, 260 F.3d 1124, 1138 (9th Cir.2001). "Deliberate indifference requires both knowledge that a harm to a federally protected right is substantially likely, and a failure to act upon that likelihood.” Id. at 1139. Thus, to recover monetary damages at trial on the ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims, Newman must prove intentional discrimination.
. The Unruh Act provides that "[a]ll persons within the jurisdiction of this state are free and equal, and no matter what their ... disability ... are entitled to the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments of every kind whatsoever.” Cal. Civ. Code § 51(b).
The DPA provides that "[ijndividuals with disabilities shall be entitled to full and equal access, as other members of the general public, to accommodations, advantages, facilities, ... and privileges of ... places of public accommodation ... and other places to which the general public is invited ...Cal. Civ.Code § 54.1.
. However, to the extent the Unruh Act and DPA claims are based on violations of Title II of the ADA, Newman will have to prove intentional discrimination at trial to recover damages. See C.B. v. Sonora Sch. Dist., 691 F.Supp.2d 1123, 1155 (E.D.Cal.2009) (Wanger, J.) ("[T]o the extent that the Complaint may be construed to allege a violation of the Unruh Civil Rights Act or the Disabled Persons Act based on a violation of the ADA, because the Complaint alleges a violation of Title II of the ADA, Plaintiff must plead and prove intentional discrimination in order to state a claim for relief in the First Cause of Action.”). If Newman's claims are not based on ADA violations, then whether Newman must prove intent to recover damages is based on whether the claim is brought under the DPA or Unruh Act. See Molski v. Arciero Wine Grp., 164 Cal.App.4th 786, 792, 79 Cal.Rptr.3d 574 (2d Dist.2008) (explaining that Unruh Act requires intent and DPA does not).
. Delta College has not argued that the vice presidents and deans whom received these documents were the wrong people. See Cal. Gov't Code § 915.
. Plaintiffs alleged discrimination based on mental disability, physical disability, and race. Butler requested "compensation for the Police Brutality.” (Butler Decl. II Exs. L1-L2.)
. This letter describes the incident and suspension and states that Delta College knew that Newman was disabled. The letter concludes: “We feel that our civil and human rights have been grossly violated by the police of Delta College and the Administration. We would like your help, guidance, and Any type of advice you have to help us. Be advised that we are not willing to turn the other cheek in regards to this incident. Whatever it takes they should be held accountable for the beatings in the classroom and any difficulties as a result of.” (Id. Ex. C.)
. This letter describes the incident, suspension, and Newman's disability, and alleges that the individual defendants’ and College's conduct was based on race and Newman’s disability. The letter states that "this Complaint against SJDC and the DCPD ... is not going away or [to] be swept under the rug.” The letter concludes by asking for someone to intervene on plaintiffs' behalf. (Id. Ex. K.)
. Butler sought $2 million in general damages for pain, suffering, inconvenience, and emotional distress and $50 million in punitive damages; Newman sought $2 million in general damages and $50 million in punitive damages.
. A remaining issue is damages and causation. The court declines to address defendants’ argument that punitive damages are not justified. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(g) (If a court does not grant all relief requested by a motion for summary judgment, "it may enter an order stating any material fact — including an item of damages or other relief — that is -not genuinely in dispute and treating the fact as established in the case.”) (emphasis added).
The court also declines to address Wood's arguments with respect to whether Butler is entitled to loss of consortium damages and whether plaintiffs suffered actual damages and, if so, whether defendants caused them.
| CASELAW |
The following is a summary of the “Working memory dysfunction differs between secondary progressive and relapsing multiple sclerosis: Effects of clinical phenotype, age, disease duration, and disability,” published in the January 2023 issue of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders by Pourmohammadi, et al.
Patients with multiple sclerosis often experience cognitive difficulties (MS). Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is more prevalent than relapsing MS (RMS) but occurs in all MS phases and phenotypes. While cognitive impairment is more common in SPMS, whether this is due to the disease’s progressive nature or some other clinical cause is unknown. Working memory was examined between people with RMS, SPMS, and healthy controls in this study. We also looked into how age, disease severity, and impairment impacted people’s capacity to use working memory.
A total of 134 people with MS (69 with RMS and 65 with SPMS) and 77 healthy volunteers participated in this case-control research. Different sets of stimuli (faces vs. checkerboards) and procedures were used to create two distinct working memory tests (same or different vs. which one is the same). SPMS and RMS patients performed worse on accuracy tests than healthy controls, while SPMS patients performed far worse. This discovery holds for both of the aforementioned endeavors.
Accuracy was only reduced by disease duration and handicap when performing the working memory task with checkerboard stimuli. However, age and general cognitive capabilities (measured with MoCA) had an effect across the board. Patients with MS have trouble keeping things in their short-term visual memory. Progressive phenotype considerably impacted the accuracy of working memory, and other demographic or clinical characteristics could not account for this effect. Working memory dysfunction as a biomarker of illness progression and the underlying mechanisms that cause it in SPMS need further investigation.
Source: sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211034822009154 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Itikyal
Itikyal is a mandal in Jogulamba Gadwal district, Telangana, India.
Institutions
* Zilla Parishad High School
* Kottam Manikyamma Junior College
* There is a Railway station in Itikyal under South Central Railway.
* Keshava Reddy English medium school in Konderu.
* 9th AP Special police Battalion.
* Beechupally Anjaneya swami Temple, Beechupally.
Villages
The villages in Itikyal mandal include:
* Batladinne
* Beechupally
* Chagapoor
* Darmavaram
* Gopaldinne
* Itikyal
* Jinkalapally
* Kodandapuram
* Kondair
* Munagala
* Nakkalapally
* Peddadinne
* Putandoddy
* Rajasri Garlapad
* Ravulachervu
* Sasanool
* Saterla
* Shabad
* Shaikpally
* Shivanampally
* Thimmapur
* Udandapuram
* Vallur
* Vavilala
* Vemula | WIKI |
The Territorial Imperative
The Territorial Imperative: A Personal Inquiry Into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations is a 1966 nonfiction book by American writer Robert Ardrey. It characterizes an instinct among humans toward territoriality and the implications of this to property ownership and nation building. The Territorial Imperative was influential at the time, and encouraged public interest in human origins.
The Territorial Imperative is the second book in Ardrey's Nature of Man Series; it is preceded by African Genesis (1961) and followed by The Social Contract (1970) and The Hunting Hypothesis (1976). It was illustrated by Ardrey's wife, the South African actress and illustrator Berdine Ardrey (née Grunewald). Ardrey dedicated The Territorial Imperative to Henry Eliot Howard, who was noted for being one of the first to describe in detail the territorial behaviors of birds.
Synopsis
The Territorial Imperative develops the theses originally introduced in African Genesis: A Personal Investigation into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man, which was published five years earlier. In African Genesis, Ardrey posited that man originated in Africa instead of Asia, that he is driven by inherited instincts to acquire land and defend territory, and that the development of weapons was a fundamental turning point in his evolution. The Territorial Imperative further explores these ideas with a special emphasis on man's distinct preoccupation with the concept of territory. It goes on to elucidate the role that plays in modern human society in phenomena such as property ownership and nation building.
Controversy
The Territorial Imperative caused significant scientific and popular controversy. In it Ardrey restated and developed his challenge to the reigning methodological assumption of the social sciences, that human behavior is fundamentally distinct from animal behavior. As he writes in The Territorial Imperative, "The dog barking at you from behind his master's fence acts for a motive indistinguishable from that of his master when the fence was built." Robert Wokler wrote of Ardrey's challenge to the established life sciences: What ought to be studied, according to Ardrey, are the relations between individuals that stem from the innate and universal attributes of animal life, whereas cultural anthropologists who detect a fundamental discontinuity between mankind and other zoological species are just impervious to the revolutionary ideas of Darwinism which have reverberated throughout all the life sciences apart from their own.
In 1968, two years after the publication of The Territorial Imperative, Ashley Montagu organized fourteen scientists to write essays in opposition to Ardrey's work (and the similarly aligned work of Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression). That volume became Man and Aggression. Montagu would eventually edit another volume in opposition to Ardrey, and the increasingly heated debate stirred popular interest in human origins. By Carmel Schrire's account, "Ashley Montagu edited two collections of writings aimed at countering the views of both Ardrey and Konrad Lorenz. ... Despite this, Ardrey's popularity did not flag, and his writings opened the fields of paleoanthropology, ethnology, and anthropology to a wide readership."
The opposition of these two viewpoints became a major theme in the social science of the time. Robin Fox, who authored The Imperial Animal (1972) with Lionel Tiger, wrote of the opposition: "I was a great friend of Robert Ardrey, and had been known publicly to defend his name and honor from the assault of the anti-Ardreyites, including Ashley Montagu. ... Ashley Montagu always carefully distanced himself from what he thought were our erroneous conclusions about human aggression. We returned the favor, even calling him and his school 'the Christian Scientists of anthropology' for their refusal to accept the reality of human evil: that it was an essential part of being human and could not be just wished away. We in turn were included eventually among the villains in his 'new litany of innate depravity.' And so it went."
Some essays in the Montagu volume, as well as much other criticism of Ardrey's work, claimed that, because it asserted the role of instinctual aggression in determining man's behavior, his work excused aggression or saw the human as innately evil. Ardrey differed, claiming instead that an awareness of human nature was necessary to truly pursue civilization. For example, Ardrey, in a 1971 Penthouse interview, asserted "I don't think human beings are that bad at all—I think they are absolutely marvellous. We've got to stop kidding ourselves, stop lying to ourselves, living with a delusion about ourselves."
Criticism
A 1966 review by Edmund Leach said Ardrey was "a mine of scientific-sounding misinformation" and his book was "noisy and foolish".
A 1967 review by Patrick Bateson said "The arguments on which he bases his conclusions are shot through with such elementary mistakes, and his definitions are so loose, that he will surely mislead anyone who takes him seriously . . . Ardrey seems to be scarcely aware of the interactions involved in biological processes and to know nothing of the scientific method."
A 1970 review by Carroll Quigley said "Ardrey pretends to be a scientist, or at least a science reporter; but in this book there is no more science than there is in a comic strip . . . It is true that Ardrey has read a great deal about animal behavior, but he never seems to grasp what it all means, and his biases prevent him from seeing what is really there."
A 1970 review by C. E. S. Franks said "however well written they may be, his books are neither scientific works nor the works of a scientist. Robert Ardrey has misunderstood two of the basic concepts of the new biology, "aggression" and "territory", and has misapplied them in discussing human society".
Legacy
The Territorial Imperative was widely read and exerted a cultural influence. It quickly became an international bestseller and was translated into dozens of languages. Ardrey's work in general, and The Territorial Imperative in particular, is often credited with arousing popular interest in ethology, anthropology, and human origins. Geoffrey Gorer, for example, in his Encounter review of The Territorial Imperative, writes: "Almost without question, Robert Ardrey is today the most influential writer in English dealing with the innate or instinctive attributes of human nature, and the most skilled populariser of the findings of paleo-anthropologists, ethologists, and biological experimenters." Ralph Graves claims "[Ardrey] today can claim major credit for having introduced the public to the new field of ethology, the study of animal behavior and its relationship to man." Commenting upon Ardrey's legacy on the occasion of his death, the South African anthropologist Dr. Phillip Tobias stated, "He has made an incalculable contribution to the science of human evolution. Thousands of people around the world, especially in the United States, were made aware of the fascination and the importance of studies on man's place in nature [through his writing]."
The work influenced several notable figures. Stanley Kubrick cited Ardrey as an inspiration for his films 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and A Clockwork Orange (1971). The strategic analyst Andrew Marshall and U.S. Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger are known to have discussed The Territorial Imperative in connection to military-strategic thinking.
Ardrey went on to publish two more books on human origins and the nature of man, The Social Contract: A Personal Inquiry into the Evolutionary Sources of Order and Disorder (1970) and The Hunting Hypothesis: A Personal Conclusion Concerning the Evolutionary Nature of Man (1976). He continued to publish influential works in the field of anthropology until his death in 1980. | WIKI |
Tree widget is used to present items in a hierarchical tree structure. It can easily be used in a MVC application as shown in our online demo.
Lets discuss how you can bind WijTree with Knockout in MVC application and pass the checked nodes from View to the controller.
To start, you can refer to this sample demonstrating how <ul> tag is converted to WijTree widget and can be bound with Knockout. But, the problem is that the tree nodes of the wijtree widget are not input elements of the form. Thereby, on submitting the form., you cannot pass the checked nodes directly.
To resolve this, you can use the ‘getCheckedNodes’ method of the wijtree widget. The trick is to get the checked nodes with the help of this method and then, create hidden fields for each checked node like this:
$(document).ready(function () {
//handle the click event
$(":submit").click(function () {
//get the checked nodes
var checkedNodes = $('#wijtree').wijtree("getCheckedNodes");
//traverse through the checked nodes
$(checkedNodes).each(function () {
//create hidden fields
$("<input>", { type: "hidden", name: "wijtreenode" })
//add to the form
.appendTo("form")
//set the value
.val($(this).wijtreenode("option", "text"));
});
})
});
After doing so, you can get the value of hidden fields containing the checkedNodes in the controller and do the required manipulation. Here is the sample code which you can use:
public ActionResult Submit(FormCollection formCollection)
{
if (formCollection["Save"] != null)
{
ViewData["Checked_Countries"] = formCollection["wijtreenode"];
//do work here
}
return View("Index");
}
Kindly check the attached sample implementing the same. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kazuo Ietani
Kazuo Ietani (家谷和男) is a Japanese long-distance runner who specializes in the half marathon.
He finished eighth at the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships, which was good enough to help Japan finish third in the team competition.
His personal best time is 1:02:18 hours, achieved in March 2007 in Yamaguchi. In the 10,000 metres his personal best time is 28:34.04 minutes, achieved in April 2007 in Kobe. | WIKI |
Gorka Elustondo
Gorka Elustondo Urkola (born 18 March 1987) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender or a defensive midfielder.
He spent most of his career with Real Sociedad after making his debut in 2006, going on to appear in 167 competitive matches over six La Liga seasons (nine in total, eight goals).
Real Sociedad
Elustondo was born in Beasain, Gipuzkoa. A product of Real Sociedad's prolific youth ranks, he made his La Liga debut on 20 December 2006 in a 0–0 away draw against RC Celta de Vigo. He made a further five first-team appearances in his first professional season, as the Basque club suffered top-tier relegation for the first time in 40 years.
In late October 2008, with Real in the Segunda División, in a home derby against Deportivo Alavés, Elustondo suffered a serious knee injury (which later relapsed), being rendered unavailable for the remainder of the campaign. He contributed 30 matches – 26 starts – and one goal in 2009–10, helping the Txuriurdin to return to the Spanish top flight after three years, as champions.
Athletic Bilbao
On 1 July 2015, after his contract with Real Sociedad expired, Elustondo signed a two-year deal with their neighbours, Athletic Bilbao. He made his competitive debut on 30 July, playing the second half of a 0–0 draw at Inter Baku PIK in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. His first league appearance occurred on 23 August, where he committed a penalty on Luis Suárez – later missed by Lionel Messi – in an eventual 0–1 home loss to FC Barcelona. Four days later, in the Europa League playoff round against MŠK Žilina, he scored through a long-range effort in the 23rd minute for the game's only goal and an away goals rule qualification.
On 2 June 2017, Elustondo confirmed that he would leave the San Mamés Stadium at the end of his contract.
Atlético Nacional and Rayo Vallecano
On 14 July 2017, Elustondo joined Colombia Categoría Primera A club Altético Nacional. On 17 January 2018, after a brief spell in Colombia with Atlético Nacional, the 30-year-old Elustondo returned to Spain after agreeing to an 18-month deal at Rayo Vallecano.
International career
Elustondo was part of the Spain under-19 squad that won the 2006 UEFA European Championship in Poland.
Honours
Real Sociedad
* Segunda División: 2009–10
Athletic Bilbao
* Supercopa de España: 2015
Rayo Vallecano
* Segunda División: 2017–18
Spain U19
* UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2006 | WIKI |
How To Change The Drive Letter In Windows Vista for An External USB Stick or Hard Drive
Himanshu Yadav
Have you ever had a situation when you plugged in your USB drive and it didn’t come up in the My Computer area along with other drives. One of the reasons behind this problem might be the drive letter.
Flash drive not visible in Windows
Actually, Windows assigns letters to the drive when you plug it into the computer. It may be possible that Windows was trying to assign the letter which is already assigned to some other device, and hence it caused the new drive to not show up.
The best solution to this problem is to change the drive letter manually. Before assigning the drive letter you need to know this – you cannot change the drive letter of system volume or boot volume. So, if Windows is installed under C drive then you cannot change the C drive letter to some other letter.
Also, as many MS-DOS-based and Microsoft Windows based programs depend upon drive letters so changing the drive letter may lead to non-functionality of certain programs. So be a little cautious here.
Here is the step by step process of changing the drive letter of external USB drive (process is same for changing drive letter of any volume or partition).
1. Click on “Start” button. Type computer in the search box. Click on “Computer Management” which comes as result of your search.
computer management
2. Computer Management window will open .On the left pane, click on “Disk Management”. It will show you all the drives of your computer including external drives (connected to computer). In my case it is showing Kingston USB drive and a letter (G) is assigned to it.
disc management
3. You can change drive letter of any partition or USB stick by right clicking on it and selecting “Change Drive Letter and Paths” from the context menu.
change drive letter
4. Click on “Change” button.
change usb drive letter
5. Now click on drop down as shown in the figure given below. You can assign any of the given letters. Note that letter “C, D, E” are missing in the drop down menu. This is because these letters are already assigned to other partitions and drives.
drive letter 1
6. Now when you assign any other letter to the drive, a message will pop up showing some program that rely on drive letters might not run correctly. Click “Yes” to continue.
programs drive letter
That’s it. We are done.
You could also use the disk management console to perform some important activities such as creating extra partitions, formatting disk etc.
Have you ever changed the drive letter to solve your USB drive problems? Share your experiences in the comments.
Also See
#How-to/Guides
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Bernard Rancillac
Bernard Rancillac was a French painter and sculptor. He was one of the pioneers of Narrative Figuration.
Early life and career
Rancillac was born on 29 August 1931 in Paris. He spent his childhood in Algeria and returned to France with his family in 1937. In 1949, under family pressure, he tried to become teacher of drawing at the workshop of Met de Penninghen, where he met Bernard Aubertin. During his military service in Morocco, he first exhibited his drawings in a library of Meknes. In 1961, he received the prize for painting at the Biennial of Paris. In 1962, he became a pioneer of French Narrative Figuration.
Solo exhibitions (Selection)
* 2017: Rancillac, les années pop, Museum of the Holy Cross Abbey, Les Sables-d'Olonne, Fr
* 2017: Rancillac, Rétrospective, Headquarters of the French Communist Party, Paris, Fr
* 2014: Encore lui, vie et mort de Mickey, Galerie Lelia Mordoch, Paris, Fr
* 2003: Rétrospective, Musée d'art moderne (Saint-Étienne), Fr
* 2001: Morceaux choisis, Galerie Sonia Zannettacci, Geneva, Switzerland
* 1998: Jazz, Fort Napoléon, La Seyne-sur-Mer, Fr
* 1997: Jazz, galerie Hervé Lourdel, Paris, Fr
* 1995: Cinécollages, Galerie Convergence, Paris, Fr
* 1994: Orient-Occident, Meymac Abbey, Meymac, Fr
* 1992: Sud-Sud, Galerie Vincent, Réunion, Fr
* 1991: 1931-61-91, Galerie Thierry Salvador, Paris, Fr
* 1989: Cinémonde, Galerie 1900-2000, Paris, Fr
* 1988: 25 ans d'images provocantes, Galerie Michel Vidal, Paris, Fr
* 1987: RANCILLAC., Galerie Convergence, Paris, Fr
* 1985: 20 ans de peinture, French Institute of Greece, Athens, Greece
* 1980: À la mémoire de…, Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, Paris, Fr
* 1974: Jazz, Galerie Mathias Fels, Paris, Fr
* 1969: Pornographie, Galerie Daniel Templon, Paris, Fr | WIKI |
National Academy of History of Argentina
The National Academy of History of the Argentine Republic (Academia Nacional de la Historia de la República Argentina) is a non-profit learned society established to foster the study and dissemination of Argentine history.
Overview
Founded in 1893 by Ernesto Quesada, José Toribio Medina, and former President Bartolomé Mitre, the academy was originally chartered as the Junta de Historia y Numismática Americana (Argentine Society of History and Numismatics), and met in the home of Alejandro Rosa (located within the historic Illuminated Block, an erstwhile Jesuit center of learning).
Mitre, who had abandoned politics in the 1880s, dedicated most of his later years to historiography, and led the academy until his death in 1906. Some of its early work included reeditions of Ulrich Schmidl's Viaje al Río de la Plata, and of Jesuit historian Pedro Lozano's Historia de la Compañía de Jesús en la provincias del Paraguay, among other hitherto rare texts from the early colonial era.
Subsequently, the academy was housed in the former building of the Argentine National Congress, and shared the structure with the National Archives. Mitre's former home, which in 1907 was converted into the Mitre Museum, became its new home in 1918. Dr. Martiniano Leguizamón, president from 1923 to 1927, launched the society's Boletín in 1923, Dr. Ricardo Levene, its president from 1927 to 1959, directed its production of the seminal Historia de la nación Argentina, a ten-volume compendium published between 1936 and 1942. He rechartered the society with its present name on January 21, 1938, and persuaded President Agustín Pedro Justo to transfer it to the national government's purview.
The academy was again relocated, in 1971, to its present site, a federal government building near the Casa Rosada, and built in the late 1940s where the old Congress building once stood. The academy's membership is numerary, and is, accordingly, limited to 40 historians, and by invitation only. | WIKI |
Package org.LatencyUtils
A latency stats tracking package
See:
Description
Interface Summary
PauseDetectorListener Accepts pause notification events.
Class Summary
IntervalEstimator IntervalEstimator is used to estimate intervals, potentially based on observed intervals recorded in it.
LatencyStats LatencyStats objects are used to track and report on the behavior of latencies across measurements.
LatencyStats.Builder A fluent API builder class for creating LatencyStats objects.
MovingAverageIntervalEstimator A moving average interval estimator.
PauseDetector A PauseDetector detects pauses and reports them to registered listeners
SimplePauseDetector A Simple PauseDetector that detects pauses using a consensus observation across a configurable number of detection thread.
TimeCappedMovingAverageIntervalEstimator A moving average interval estimator with a cap on the time window length that the moving window must completely fit in in order to provide estimated time intervals.
TimeServices Provide an API for time-related service, such as getting the current time and waiting for a given period of time.
TimeServices.ScheduledExecutor
Package org.LatencyUtils Description
A latency stats tracking package
The LatencyUtils package includes useful utilities for tracking latencies. Especially in common in-process recording scenarios, which can exhibit significant coordinated omission sensitivity without proper handling. LatencyStats instances are used to track recorded latencies in the common use case the often follow this pattern:
LatencyStats myOpStats = new LatencyStats();
...
// During normal operation, record all operation latencies into a LatencyStats instance:
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
// Perform operation:
doMyOperation(...);
// Record operation latency:
myOpStats(System.nanoTime() - startTime);
...
// Later, report on stats collected:
Histogram intervalHistogram = myOpStats.getIntervalHistogram();
intervalHistogram.getHistogramData().outputPercentileDistribution(System.out, 1000000.0);
The problem
Latency tracking of in-process operations usually consists simple time sampling around a tracked operation. E.g. a database read operation for which latency statistics are being developed may be surrounded by time measurement operation immediately before and after the operation is performed, with the difference in time recorded in some aggregate statistics gathering form (average, std. deviation, histogram,. etc.) which is later used to report on the experienced latency behavior of the tracked operation.
The problem with this extremely common form of latency behavior tracking is that whenever pauses occur in the system, latency statistics become significantly skewed toward falsely-optimistic values. This occurs in two key ways:
The Solution
The LatencyStats class is designed for simple, drop-in use as a latency behavior recording object in common in-process latency recording and tracking situations. LatencyStats includes under-the-hood tracking and correction of pause effects, compensating for coordinated omission. It does so by using pluggable pause detectors and interval estimators that together with LatencyStats will transparently produce corrected histogram values for the recorded latency behavior. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Imperialdictiona03eadi Brandeis Vol3a.pdf/74
KOE KOERNER,, only son of the preceding, and a distinguished German poet, was born at Dresden on the 23rd September, 1791. He received a most careful education, and in early boyhood gave promise of future distinction. For two years he frequented the mining academy at Freiberg, whence he proceeded to the university of Leipsic in order to devote himself to law. About the same time he published the first collection of his poems, under the modest title of "Knospen" (Buds). These were of course very insignificant juvenile productions. At Leipsic his unrestrained imagination led him into errors, which caused his father to send him to Berlin. Here a severe illness interrupted the course of his studies, and without completing them he went to Vienna where he brought out some slight comedies with surprising success; and in 1812 was appointed on flattering terms poet to the burgtheater. These comedies were soon followed by the more ambitious dramas, "Toni" and "Hedwig," and by the tragedy of "Zriny," which responded to the feelings of the day, and was hailed with almost universal applause. At the same time he contracted an engagement with an accomplished young lady, and everything augured well for the future career of the youthful poet, when in 1813 the war of liberation broke out, and Körner was led by his ardent patriotism to join the celebrated volunteer corps of Major von Lützow. He soon distinguished himself so much by his ability and bravery that Lützow made him his aid-de-camp. In a skirmish with the French near Kitzen he was wounded, and with great difficulty escaped from being taken prisoner. After having recovered from his wounds he hastened back to his corps, and soon after was mortally wounded at Gadebusch, near Schwerin, on 26th August, 1813, where he was buried under a venerable old oak. The spot was presented to his father by the Grand-duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin, and both the sister and father of the poet found their resting-place beside him. As a poet Körner may justly be considered as the spiritual son of Schiller, his father's intimate friend; only his war songs, composed during the campaign, show a greater originality, and have won for him the surname of the German Tyrtæus. Set to music by Weber, they have for a long time ranked among the favourite songs of the youth of Germany. They were published in a collective form by the poet's father, under the title of "Leyer und Schwert." Körner's complete works were edited by Streckfuss, Berlin, 1834.—(See Life of Theodor Körner by F. W. Lehmann, 1819, and by H. A. Erhard, 1821.)—K. E. KOERTE,, a German writer, was born at Ascherleben, 24th March, 1776. He was educated by his great-uncle, the poet Gleim, who introduced him to many of his eminent contemporaries. After residing at Halle, Körte settled at Halberstadt, where he remained till his death, which took place on the 30th of January, 1846. His principal works are—"The Life of Gleim," "The Life and Studies of F. A. Wolf," "Albert Thaer's Life and Labours"—all written in German. For a complete list see Heinsius' Bucher Lexicon.—R. H. * KOHL,, a German traveller, was born at Bremen on the 28th April, 1808; and after studying the law at Göttingen, Heidelberg, and Munich, he became private teacher to some noble families in Courland, whence he travelled through Russia. He then settled at Dresden, and from this place undertook travels to almost all European countries, of which he has given accounts in his numerous works. For several years he resided in America, where he continued publishing highly instructive and interesting books of travel, both in German and English. Recently he has returned to Bremen.—K. E. KOLB,, was born in 1675 at Dorflas in Bavaria. The son of poor parents, he was yet carefully educated; and being patronized by the Baron Von Krosick, was sent to the Cape of Good Hope to make observations in astronomy and natural history. He landed at the Cape in 1706; but after a residence there of seven years he suffered so severely from ophthalmia as nearly to lose his sight, and was consequently compelled to return to Europe. Fondly devoted to his good and humble mother, he refused many lucrative offers in order that he might remain by her side and cheer her declining years; and he died poor, as he had lived, in 1726. His works contain valuable information as to the customs of the Hottentots.—W. J. P. KOLBE,, German engraver and author, was born at Berlin, November 20, 1757. Until his twenty-sixth year he was professor of the French language in the Philanthropic school of Dessau; but on the breaking-up of that establishment resolved, in accordance with the advice of his relatives the engraver Chodowiecky, to trust to his artistic talent. He accordingly entered the Berlin Academy, and studied landscape design and engraving, making rapid progress in both. He learnt to sketch with wonderful facility, and engraved many of his sketches; was elected a member of the Academy; and ultimately recalled to Dessau as professor in the art-school. In 1796 he published a series of forty-nine plates of landscapes; in 1805 a set of folio etchings from the paintings and drawings of Salomon Gessner; and in 1825 a series of eighteen studies of herbage. His engravings, one hundred and twenty-five in all, were republished in a collected form. Kolbe used the pen with as much facility as the graver. Late in life he published several works of a philological character, chiefly on the characteristics of the French and German languages; and his autobiography, "Mein Lebenslauf und mein Werken," 8vo, Berlin, 1825. He resigned his professorship in 1829, and died January 15, 1835.—J. T—e. * KOLK, , professor of anatomy and physiology in the university of Utrecht, was born on the 14th of March, 1797, at Leeuwarden in Friesland, where his father, Henry William van der Kolk, practised medicine. He received the earlier part of his education at Wommels, a village of Friesland; and in 1812 entered the university of Groningen. Here he devoted himself to such studies, among others, as natural philosophy, chemistry, and botany. In 1815, when prize questions were for the first time submitted for competition, he was among the successful candidates; and four years later, he again received the medal for his essay on the coagulation of the blood flowing from the vessels. On the 17th of June, 1820, he was admitted to the degrees of doctor of medicine and doctor in midwifery. In the autumn of the same year he settled as a practising physician at Hoorn, but remained there scarcely twelve months, having in 1821 been appointed resident physician to the suburban hospital at Amsterdam, where he collected the materials for his well-known "Observationes Anatomico-pathologici et Practici Argumenti," published in 1826. As from one hundred and sixty to one hundred and seventy lunatics were under treatment in that institution, he had there also the opportunity of studying the true nature and source of mental disease, which had previously been so little understood; and it was thus that he became qualified subsequently to introduce vast improvements into the care and treatment of the insane in the kingdom of Holland. Having in 1826 left the hospital for the purpose of practising in Amsterdam, he was in the same year appointed professor of anatomy and physiology in the university of Utrecht. In this capacity he was in the habit of giving his observations in these sciences to be wrought out by his best pupils; in consequence of which a vast number of valuable essays has from time to time issued from the university. In addition, he has himself produced many most valuable works, of which the most important are undoubtedly those on the minute structure and functions of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, published by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam. These volumes were, immediately on the completion of the second, translated into German by Professor Theile of Weimar, and into English, by the writer of this article, for the New Sydenham Society. Professor Schroeder van der Kolk's observations on the functions of the corpora olivaria in connection with the articulation of words, are also of the highest importance. A few days after he entered on his professorship, Van der Kolk was chosen co-regent of the institution for the insane at Utrecht, which had at the time fallen into a miserable state. With the zealous assistance of his colleague, he succeeded after many difficulties, chiefly of a financial character, in bringing the asylum to a state of the highest efficiency. This was accomplished chiefly in consequence of the clinical professorship in the suburban hospital at Amsterdam having been in 1830 offered to Van der Kolk on very advantageous terms, whereupon the municipality paid him the compliment of asking him whether anything could be done to induce him to retain his connection with the Utrecht academy. To this question the professor gave the disinterested answer, that he would consider anything done for the improvement of the institution for the insane as having been done to himself; in consequence of which a sum of about ten thousand guilders was raised by the city and province for the institution. In his address on resigning the office of rector magnificus in 1836, Schroeder van der Kolk pointed out the defects in the management of the insane in other parts of Holland, and the | WIKI |
Coventry Beats, Raises Outlook - Analyst Blog
Coventry Health Care Inc. ( CVH ) reported second-quarter 2012 operating earnings per share of 68 cents, which surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 64 cents but was lower than the prior-year earnings of 83 cents. Operating income amounted to $99.4 million in the reported quarter.
The earnings per share for the reported quarter excludes an impairment charge of $7.7 million or 3 cents per share related to write down of intangible assets, while the prior-year quarter's results exclude earnings of 3 cents per share related to the Medicare Advantage Private Fee-for-Service (MA-PFFS) and 68 cents related to the definitive settlement agreement associated with a provider class action litigation in Louisiana.
Including the impact of the non-recurring items, Coventry reported net income of $91.7 million or 65 cents per share in the reported quarter compared with $224.5 million or $1.50 per share in the prior-year quarter.
Operating revenues in the reported quarter surged 16% year over year to $3.5 billion, at par with the Zacks Consensus Estimate. Managed care premiums increased 17.2% year over year to $3.21 billion, while revenues from management services climbed 4.4% to $308 million.
Coventry witnessed a year-over-year growth of 25.8% in total operating expense to $3.37 billion. Additionally, medical costs, the major operating expense component, increased to $2.76 billion from $2.25 billion in the prior-year quarter.
Likewise, Coventry's selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased to $504.6 million from $484.9 million a year ago, while depreciation and amortization (D&A) expenses increased to $43.7 million from $33.4 million in the year-ago quarter. However, cost of sales declined to $67.2 million from $70.2 million in the second quarter of 2011.
Total membership witnessed growth of 19,000 from the first quarter of 2012 to 5,281,000 in the reported quarter.
Commercial Risk: The Commercial Risk membership for the reported quarter was 1,519,000, down 30,000 members from the prior quarter. Commercial Risk Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) in the reported quarter came in at 83.0%.
Medicare Advantage Coordinated Care Plans (MA-CCP): Coventry reported MA-CCP membership of 253,000, showing an increase of 30,000 members from the first quarter of 2012. The MA-CCP MLR came in at 84.1%.
Medicare Part D: Medicare Part D membership stood at 1,494,000 at the end of the reported quarter, up by 36,000 members from the prior quarter. Similarly, the Medicare Part D MLR in the quarter came in at 90.0%.
Medicaid: The Medicaid membership at the end of the reported quarter stood at 932,000, which reflected an increase of 465,000 members over the second quarter of 2011. The Medicaid MLR in the quarter came in at 93.3%.
Balance Sheet and Capital Structure
Coventry ended the reported quarter with approximately $1.52 billion in cash and cash equivalents, down from $1.58 billion at the end of 2011. Deployable cash at the parent company stood at $850 million at the end of June 2012. Operating cash flow totaled $61.0 million at the end of the reported quarter.
As of June 30, 2012, Coventry had total assets of $8.87 billion and shareholders' equity of $4.51 billion. The company exited the reported quarter with $1.58 billion in long-term debt, almost at par with 2011 end.
Share Repurchase Update
Coventry repurchased 9.3 million shares for $300 million in the reported quarter, which is a record-high for the company.
Outlook for 2012
Coventry affirmed its 2012 earnings per share guidance of $3.10-3.30. Projection for risk revenue was raised to $12.900-13.065 billion from $12.875-13.050 billion, while the guidance for the management services revenue was increased to $1.165-1.200 billion from $1.145-1.180 billion.
The company also increased its consolidated revenue guidance range to $14.065-14.265 billion from $14.020-14.230 billion. Coventry's consolidated MLR will likely be in the 84.0-84.7% band against the previous guidance of 83.6-84.4%.
Coventry anticipates the cost of sales expense to lie in the range of $257-263 million, up from the earlier projection of $251-257 million. The company also projects SG&A expenses to be in the range of $2.07-2.11 billion, D&A between $148-152 million and interest expense in the range of $99.0-101.0 million in fiscal 2012.
Coventry's other income is projected between $97 million and $101 million, while tax rate is estimated to be in the 37.7-38.3% range. Shares outstanding at year end are expected to be in the range of 136-138 million.
Peer Take
Coventry's competitor, WellPoint Inc. ( WLP ) reported second-quarter 2012 adjusted income of $2.04 per share, lagging the Zacks Consensus Estimate by a penny but surpassing the year-ago earnings of $1.83 per share. Another peer, UnitedHealth Group Inc. ( UNH ) declared second-quarter 2012 earnings of $1.27 per share, up 9% over the year-ago quarter.
Coventry carries a Zacks #3 Rank, which translates into a short-term 'Hold' rating.
COVENTRY HLTHCR (CVH): Free Stock Analysis Report
UNITEDHEALTH GP (UNH): Free Stock Analysis Report
WELLPOINT INC (WLP): Free Stock Analysis Report
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Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Fenugreek has a robust modulating impact on blood lipid ranges and can considerably reduce the danger of atherosclerosis. In diabetics, who often endure lipid imbalances, it has demonstrated a outstanding capability to lower ldl cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels while raising HDL ranges. The leaves of fenugreek are helpful within the treatment of indigestion and sluggish functioning of liver. Gastric issues may be cured by consuming the leaves fried or boiled in butter. Even the seeds of fenugreek are used in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea.
Portage Health
Occupational remedy for sensory processing disorder needs to be initiated as early as doable (preferably throughout childhood) for fruitful outcomes. Ideally, it is strongly recommended to speak to an occupational therapist for a step sensible and schematic method. Occupational therapy is needed to promote normal childhood improvement and to promote normal eating, sleeping and playing habits whereas getting ready the youngsters to interact with dad and mom, peers, lecturers and different individuals of their surroundings.
Health Benefits Of Lettuce
Whereas, there are a selection of over the counter anti depressants like paxil and prozac available available in the market and that do actually assist treat melancholy and depressive issues, however these medicines also have some critical unwanted effects related them. The main unintended effects of taking these typical anti depressants are lack of libido, reduced urge for food, lack of focus, weight achieve, sleep problems and other nervous and abdomen disorders. Nevertheless, there’s one new age anti depressant medicine, stablon additionally known as tianpetine that may treat mentally depressive problems without any side effects or hurt.
California Health Department
Weight problems is usually a concern not simply amongst adults however youngsters as well. Mother and father are usually suggested by their pediatricians to maintain their youngsters away from sugary foods. Childhood weight problems details will inform you that one out of 5 children are struck by weight problems. Obesity is now affecting 18{b7057c6f1c3edd84e5453dd167616a2ca557e71e5f148120e6cd0a45d8a34576} of children and adolescents within the U S, and it has tripled from just one era ago until immediately. Nearly half the middle colleges, and high faculties allow the display of unhealthy healthy meals that impacts their data to make healthy food decisions.
Northshore Health
There’s an outdated saying that whenever you give beginning to a baby you give beginning to your child common sense on the same time. In different phrases, don’t fret beforehand that you won’t know anything about newborn child care as a result of much of what it is advisable know will come naturally to you. You’re bound to be given a number of parenting suggestions by well-meaning friends and family, however in these early days your child’s improvement will rely virtually solely on being fed, clean and cozy.
Health Plex
Dad and mom now a day’s owe it to their children to make sure they’ve a balanced diet, common meal times, day by day exhaust and a suited night time sleep. Studies have proved it makes an immense distinction to the child’s studying capacity as properly. Many issues like ADD are misdiagnosed and are nutritional issues. Although a nutritional food plan might not cure these ailments, it may help in the prevention of some in later years.
Disclosure of This Article
Fears develop because the imagination begins to blossom and the excellence between actual and unreal typically becomes tougher to detect. Kids start growing arches around ages 3-four when they lose their baby fat and begin growing muscle tissue of their feet and legs as they be taught to stroll and run. Folks usually really feel shy or awkward to share or impart intercourse schooling professionally.
About Writer
59 year old Electrical Engineer Kevin Roten from Cookshire, has hobbies and interests such as lawn darts, . and cloud watching. Finds the entire world an amazing place after working 9 days at Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Polow da Don
Jamal Fincher Jones (born October 15, 1977 or 1978), known professionally as Polow da Don, is an American record producer and rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He began his career as a recording artist in the late 1990s, leaving college to pursue a career with the short-lived hip hop group Jim Crow. They signed with Epic Records in 1999 and released two albums—Crow's Nest (1999) and Right Quick (2001)—before being dropped from the label.
Although disappointed, Jones formed a Southern hip hop group with Bubba Sparxxx, Sean P, Pastor Troy, G Rock, and Timbaland; however, they split up without any releases. Jones began producing instrumentals in 2001. His first beat tape made its way to Interscope Records founder, Jimmy Iovine, and its contents were ultimately used for the singles "Runaway Love" by Ludacris, "Buttons" by the Pussycat Dolls, and "This Is the Life" by Tru-Life.
Since then, Jones has produced numerous hit singles for various artists throughout the following decade, including "Love In This Club" for Usher (2008), "Glamorous" and "London Bridge" for Fergie (2006), "Anaconda" for Nicki Minaj (2014), "Forever" for Chris Brown (2008), "Baby By Me" for 50 Cent (2009), "Throw Some D's" for Rich Boy (2007), "Promise" for Ciara (2006), and "John" for Lil Wayne (2011), among others. The former three songs peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100, while others each found success on the chart. Also known as a charismatic hype man, Jones' backing vocals can be heard on many of his productions.
Jones is also the founder of the record label Zone 4, which was briefly an imprint of Iovine's Interscope Records label and named after a section in his Atlanta hometown. Established in 2007, the roster included recording artists such as Keri Hilson, Lloyd, Kane Brown, Ayo & Teo, Roscoe Dash, Veronica Vega, Rich Boy, and Ester Dean among others. Outside of music, Jones has ventured into local radio broadcasting, and founded his own line of alcoholic beverages in 2022.
Selected production credits
* 2004: "Fallen (Zone 4 remix)" (Mýa feat. Chingy)
* 2005: "Pimpin' All Over the World" (Ludacris feat. Bobby Valentino)
* 2005: "Party Starter" (Will Smith)
* 2006: "Promise" (Ciara) (#11 US)
* 2006: "London Bridge" (Fergie) (#1 US)
* 2006: "DJ Play a Love Song" (Jamie Foxx feat. Twista)
* 2006: "Blindfold Me" (Kelis feat. Nas)
* 2006: "Runaway Love" (Ludacris feat. Mary J. Blige) (#2 US)
* 2006: "Buttons" (Pussycat Dolls feat. Snoop Dogg) (#3 US)
* 2007: "Glamorous" (Fergie feat. Ludacris) (#1 US)
* 2007: "Like This" (Kelly Rowland feat. Eve) (#14 US)
* 2007: "Crying Out for Me" (Mario)
* 2007: "Whatever U Like" (Nicole Scherzinger feat. T.I.)
* 2007: "Boy Looka Here" (Rich Boy)
* 2007: "Let's Get This Paper" (Rich Boy)
* 2007: "Throw Some D's" (Rich Boy feat. Polow da Don) (#6 US)
* 2007: "She's a Star" (will.i.am)
* 2007: "Get Buck" (Young Buck)
* 2007: "Lost In Love" (I-15)
* 2008: "Forever" (Chris Brown) (#2 US)
* 2008: "My Heart" (Jennifer Hudson)
* 2008: "Get Your Money Up" (Keri Hilson feat. Keyshia Cole & Trina)
* 2008: "Turnin Me On" (Keri Hilson feat. Lil Wayne) (#15 US)
* 2008: "Make Me Over" (Keyshia Cole)
* 2008: "Hero" (Nas feat. Keri Hilson)
* 2008: "Lie" (Nelly)
* 2008: "One & Only" (Nelly)
* 2008: "Party People" (Nelly feat. Fergie)
* 2008: "Problems" (Nelly)
* 2008: "Angel" (2PM)
* 2008: "Single" (New Kids on the Block feat. Ne-Yo)
* 2008: "Whatcha Think About That" (Pussycat Dolls feat. Missy Elliott)
* 2008: "Love in This Club" (Usher feat. Young Jeezy) (#1 US)
* 2009: "Baby by Me" (50 Cent feat. Ne-Yo)
* 2009: "Never, Ever" (Ciara feat. Young Jeezy)
* 2009: "Outta Here" (Esmée Denters produced with Justin Timberlake)
* 2009: "Drop It Low" (Ester Dean feat. Chris Brown)
* 2009: "Spotlight" (Gucci Mane feat. Usher)
* 2009: "Back to the Crib" (Juelz Santana feat. Chris Brown)
* 2009: "Stronger" (Mary J. Blige)
* 2009: "Patron Tequila" (Paradiso Girls feat. Lil Jon & Eve)
* 2009: "Medicine" (Plies feat. Keri Hilson)
* 2009: "Drop" (Rich Boy)
* 2009: "Back 2U" (2PM)
* 2009: "Yamaha Mama" (Soulja Boy)
* 2009: "All Night Long" (2PM)
* 2009: "Sex Therapy" (Robin Thicke)
* 2009: "Shakin' It 4 Daddy" (Robin Thicke feat. Nicki Minaj)
* 2009: "So Cold" (Chris Brown)
* 2009: "Wait" (Chris Brown feat Trey Songz & Game)
* 2009: "Remember Me" (T.I. feat. Mary J. Blige)
* 2010: "Lil' Freak" (Usher feat. Nicki Minaj)
* 2010: "Not Myself Tonight" (Christina Aguilera)
* 2010: "Woohoo" (Christina Aguilera feat. Nicki Minaj)
* 2010: "I Hate Boys" (Christina Aguilera)
* 2010: "Already Taken" (Trey Songz)
* 2010: "Fireworks" (R. Kelly)
* 2010: "Hot Tottie" (Usher feat. Jay-Z)
* 2010: "Lay It Down" (Lloyd)
* 2010: "Here I Am (Remix)" (Monica feat. Trey Songz)
* 2010: "The Way You Love Me" (Keri Hilson feat. Rick Ross)
* 2010: "In Love With You" (Jared Evan)
* 2010: "Heaven" (El DeBarge) (under the pseudonym Awesome Jones)
* 2010: "Fading" (Rihanna)
* 2010: "Long Gone" (Nelly feat. Plies & Chris Brown)
* 2011: "Cupid" (Lloyd)
* 2011: "Your Love" (Diddy – Dirty Money feat. Trey Songz)
* 2011: "Electricity" (2PM)
* 2011: "Sex Your Body" (Mohombi)
* 2011: "John" (Lil Wayne feat. Rick Ross)
* 2011: "Take It Down Low" (Akon feat. Chris Brown)
* 2011: "Be the One" (Lloyd feat. Trey Songz & Young Jeezy)
* 2011: "My Kinda Girl" (Pitbull feat. Nelly)
* 2011: "Dedication to My Ex (Miss That)" (Lloyd feat. André 3000 & Lil Wayne)
* 2012: "Sweet Love" (Chris Brown)
* 2012: "Without You" (Monica)
* 2012: "Cyeah Cyeah Cyeah Cyeah" (Gucci Mane feat. Chris Brown & Lil Wayne)
* 2012: "Party Ain't Over" (Pitbull feat. Usher & Afrojack)
* 2013: "Ready to Go" (Limp Bizkit feat. Lil Wayne)
* 2013: "Somebody Else" (Mario feat. Nicki Minaj)
* 2013: "Wickedest Style" (Sean Paul feat. Iggy Azalea)
* 2014: "Sex You" (Bando Jonez)
* 2014: "Dynamite" (Afrojack feat. Snoop Dogg)
* 2014: "Anaconda" (Nicki Minaj) (#2 US)
* 2015: "That's How I'm Feelin'" (Ciara feat. Pitbull & Missy Elliott)
* 2015: "Stuck With Me" (Tamia)
* 2015: "Just Right for Me" (Monica feat. Lil Wayne)
* 2015: "Catfish" (Tamar Braxton)
* 2015: "Used to Love You Sober" (Kane Brown)
* 2015: "Code Red" (Monica feat. Missy Elliott & Laiyah)
* 2015: "Last Minute Late Night" (Kane Brown)
* 2016: "Dumb Love" (Akevius feat. Plies)
* 2016: "M.I.L.F. $" (Fergie)
* 2016: "Freedun" (M.I.A. feat. Zayn)
* 2016: "Wet" (Polow da Don feat. Bando Jonez & Saint LaRon)
* 2016: "Pull Up" (Summerella feat. Jacquees)
Personal life
In September 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump gave Jones a shout-out at a rally in Atlanta. Jones later substantiated his support for the President with a video posted on Instagram.
Awards
* 2007: Ozone Awards – Best Producer
* 2007: Ozone Awards – Club Banger of the Year ("Throw Some D's")
* 2008: BMI 56th Annual Pop Awards – Songwriter of the Year
* 2009: BMI 57th Annual Pop Awards – Songwriter of the Year
* 2009: BMI Urban Awards – Producer of the Year
Broadcasting
In 2019, via his company Young Country Holdings, Jones entered the broadcasting industry by purchasing the Nashville-area radio station WYCZ and its FM translator for $100,000. On June 6, 2019, the station launched a new hybrid country, pop, and urban format curated by Jones, YoCo 96.7. | WIKI |
Clapp Raymond
Clapp Raymond (June 20, 1732 – 1795) was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk in the sessions of May and October 1778, October 1779, and October 1783.
Early life
He was born June 20, 1732.
In February 1775, he was appointed to a committee for the inspection of fire-arms. In 1780 was on a committee constituted by the Legislature to run a line for the boundary of a religious society.
Family life
He married Rebecca Betts on August 4, 1757. He had four children: Rebecca, Hannah, Asahel, and Clapp.
Death
Clapp Raymond died in 1795 in Ballston Spa, New York, and was buried in there. | WIKI |
Page:String Figures and How to Make Them.djvu/286
Rh lay a part of the loop across the palm, and let it hang down on the left side, between the thumb and index, and on the right side from the right side of the palm. With the right thumb and index pick up together near the back of the left hand the two hanging strings, and bring them up toward you to the palm of the left hand, by passing the left string between the left index and middle finger, and the right string
between the left ring finger and little finger (Fig. 557); and let the two strings hang down on the palm. Observe that they cross over the palmar string (Fig. 558).
Second: Pass the index of the right hand under the left palmar string, and hook the end around the two hanging strings, and draw them down under the palmar string (Fig. 559); let them hang down on the left palm. Observe that now the palmar string crosses over the hang- ing strings (Fig. 560).
Third: Put the right hand from the left through the far side of the hanging loop, and keep the loop on the right wrist. Put the little finger of the right hand, from the right side, under the right hanging string, above the palmar string (Fig. 561); and put the right thumb, from the left side, under the left hanging string, also above the palmar string (Fig. 562).
Draw these strings out on the right thumb and little finger, keeping the loop still on the right wrist (Fig. 563). The "Teepee," or tent, is formed by swinging the right hand down, palm upward, with the fingers pointing away from you; and by elevating the left hand, and turning the palm down and pointing the fingers to the right.
In this figure the hand which arranges the strings on the other hand in the end takes up some of the strings to form the most important part of the finished pattern. | WIKI |
Talk:Dorothy Hope Smith
Prior History
This article was constructed at User:Cuppa67/Sandbox-DHS. All prior history can be found there. ```Buster Seven Talk 08:23, 25 December 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cork's apple
The result was Delete. Carabinieri 22:49, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
Cork's apple
* – (View AfD) (View log)
There is no real evidence that this exists, and no sources cited on the page. Kntrabssi 10:56, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - article was created by a WP:SPA and 15 minutes of searching on google, google scholar, news articles etc.. has shown no trace of either Malus germicana or an apple named after Stephen Cork. Lots and lots of wikipedia mirrors and other places but nothing reliable at all. Looks like a hoax - Peripitus (Talk) 11:35, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
* Delete no sources provided and none findable. Appears to be a hoax. Note that the primary editors of the article appear to be single purpose accounts. -- Whpq 21:17, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
* Delete The only article I found on google that is different from the Wikipedia article is also edited the same way Wikipedia is. No trustworthy sources anywhere, no mention of Stephen Cork, Malus Germicana, or any other related issues. Also, the claim that Stephen Cork found this apple while filming the IMAX movie "Galapagos" are false, as there is no evidence a man named Stephen Cork ever worked on the film. The pictures seem photoshopped, as well. Kntrabssi 03:09, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
* Delete per nom and comments here. -- Alucard (Dr.) | Talk 17:00, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. No evidence is given in the article to prove that the cork's apple is a real fruit and, more importantly, investigation has failed to yield such information. I have removed references to the "Cork's apple" at the Galapagos Islands article and Cork (a disambiguation page). -- Black Falcon 01:18, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
David Levy David Levy - 3 months ago 28
C++ Question
Qt test current object/widget existence
In Qt I have to wait for 1 second and let event process so I use
QTime lDieTime= QTime::currentTime().addSecs(1);
while (QTime::currentTime() < lDieTime)
QCoreApplication::processEvents(QEventLoop::AllEvents, 100);
But after this while, I do operation on the object (
this->mListIP.currentItem();
)
This work fine if the object has not been destroyed during the processEvents. But the object can be destroyed during this loop.
How can I test that the widget/object still exist?
I have tried
if(!this->isVisible())
but it crash (read access violation) because this does not exist anymore
My problem is related to this question
So if I can't check if this exist, how can I stop my function if the object is destroyed? Something in the destructor? A try-catch (but I dont like that)
Note : the function is called by a timerEvent from a QBasicTimer every 2 seconds
Edit : structure of the code :
Class A (Widget)
-constructor start a QBasicTimer of 2 seconds
-timerEvent, called by the QBasicTimer every two seconds
Layout containing Class A can destroy Class A object
Inside the timerevent, i start an operation, wait for 1 seconds, then try to update the widget. But I cant update it if it's been destroyed
edit2 : more code
void MaryAnnConnectionWidget::timerEvent( QTimerEvent * /*aEvent*/ )
{
//operation base on a socket and a udp broadcast
...
QTime lDieTime= QTime::currentTime().addSecs(1);
while (QTime::currentTime() < lDieTime)
QCoreApplication::processEvents(QEventLoop::AllEvents, 100);
//Operation to handle answers from the broadcast
...
if(this==nullptr) //Exit if we changed window <= CRASH HERE if widget destroyed
return;
//Handle the answers and displays results
...
}
Answer
If you need a safe pointer to a QObject, use QPointer. It will become null when the object is destroyed. It isn't clear how your code is constructed and where you're trying to do this, but you can also connect to the object's "destroyed" signal, and tie that to a slot that aborts the timer so that it doesn't attempt to reference the object. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Pastramă
Merger proposal
I suggest merging the content of this article to Pastrami. Much of the text is already duplicated there. I can't see a reason for having two separate articles on what is essentially the same meat product in two different countries. Yunshui 雲‍水 08:47, 3 May 2012 (UTC)
Hello Chinese contributor, Do you know Terroir? I don't think so because you believe wrongly that it's the same products. Friendly Soniqueboum (talk) 13:21, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
* Oppose - they're distinct food products; the articles are best left separate. NorthAmerica1000 10:48, 16 March 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Option to automatically create swap space when creating droplet?
April 29, 2015 2.4k views
Control Panels Configuration Management Ubuntu
Hi guys,
Huge fan of DO - been using it for a few years now on heaps of different projects. One thing I've noticed myself doing repeatedly on almost every small (i.e 20gb) droplet that I spin up is creating a gig or so of swap space.
Seeing as this is such a common thing to do for a lot of use cases (i.e running passenger or unicorn on a 512mb ram droplet) would you consider adding an option to the "create droplet" wizard that allows you to automatically create / turn on swap of a certain size?
Cheers,
Nic
2 Answers
We do have this feature on some one-click applications (where a swap file is automatically created on smaller droplets) and some distributions like FreeBSD include a swap partition by default. You can add a swap file at creation by using the following script in user-data on the create page:
#!/bin/bash
sudo fallocate -l 1G /swapfile;
chmod 600 /swapfile;
mkswap /swapfile;
swapon /swapfile;
echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab;
This will create a 1GB swap file as soon as your droplet boots for the first time and add it to your fstab to be automatically used on each subsequent boot.
If you are creating a droplet using the digitalocean docker-machine driver, put this unit in your cloud-config file (the one you provide to the --digitalocean-userdata parameter)
units:
- name: runcmd.service
command: start
content: |
[Unit]
Description=Enable swap
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "\
sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile && \
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile && \
sudo mkswap /swapfile && \
sudo swapon /swapfile && \
sudo echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" | sudo tee --append /etc/fstab"
Have another answer? Share your knowledge. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Skip to main content
Implementation of "Reducing variability in along-tract analysis with diffusion profile realignment".
Project description
Diffusion profile realignment (dpr)
An example and assorted implementation from the manuscript Reducing variability in along-tract analysis with diffusion profile realignment. Have a look at the example on how to use the package and run it on a small example dataset.
A quick example from the command line
There is also a command line version for easy usage, here in an example for the AFD metric on the left arcuate fasciculus. The text file is already ordered in increasing order for each subject, which have the same distance between every point and are already zero padded accordingly.
We also supply the --exploredti option to remove the header column, --do_graph to save a png file with the results.
We finally resample everything to 75 points with --points 75.
The -f option overwrites the output files and the -v option prints useful informative messages throughout (and are optional).
dpr datasets/af_left_AFD.txt datasets/af_left_AFD_realigned.txt --exploredti --do_graph -f -v --points 75
The output datasets/af_left_AFD_realigned.txt is a text file where each line is a subject and each column is a different point of the along tract analysis.
We also get a png file datasets/af_left_AFD_realigned.png with the before/after realignment process.
Note how the zero padding present in the original data is decreasing the metrics as less and less subjects are present. The realigned metric is instead using padding with Nans, remember to consider/keep track of it in subsequent analysis as needed.
Visualizing the results
We can also draw the p-values (computed separately) over the bundle using the script dpr_make_fancy_graph. This requires the original coordinates, the truncated version between rois and the coordinates to the representative streamline.
dpr_make_fancy_graph datasets/af_left_pval_unaligned.txt datasets/af_left_coordinates.txt datasets/af_left_truncated_coordinates.txt datasets/af_left_average_coordinates.txt 0,2 pvals_unaligned.png --title 'p-values before realignment' -f
dpr_make_fancy_graph datasets/af_left_pval_realigned.txt datasets/af_left_coordinates.txt datasets/af_left_truncated_coordinates.txt datasets/af_left_average_coordinates.txt 0,2 pvals_realigned.png -f
And this is the results
Using docker (instead of installing everything)
Well, you will still need to install docker first, see https://runnable.com/docker/getting-started/. After that, from the folder containing the Dockerfile, build the container before running it
docker build -t dpr:v0.1.2 .
The two diffusion profile realignment scripts can now be run using
docker run dpr:v0.1.2 # the default command is to run dpr --help
docker run dpr:v0.1.2 dpr_make_fancy_graph --help
That's it for the basic version, don't hesitate to adapt everything to your needs.
As a more advanced example, to mount your own data folder inside the container (here we re-use the previous example), use
docker run -it -v /home/samuel/git/dpr/datasets:/mnt samuel/dpr:v0.1.2 dpr /mnt/af_left_AFD.txt /mnt/af_left_AFD_realigned.txt --exploredti --do_graph -f -v --points 75
docker run -it -v /home/samuel/git/dpr/datasets:/mnt samuel/dpr:v0.1.2 dpr_make_fancy_graph /mnt/af_left_pval_unaligned.txt /mnt/af_left_coordinates.txt /mnt/af_left_truncated_coordinates.txt /mnt/af_left_average_coordinates.txt 0,2 /mnt/pvals_unaligned.png --title 'p-values before realignment' -f
The result will be located in the folder you specified, here we used /home/samuel/git/dpr/datasets.
Datasets and reference
The main reference is
Samuel St-Jean, Maxime Chamberland, Max A. Viergever, Alexander Leemans,
Reducing variability in along-tract analysis with diffusion profile realignment,
NeuroImage, 2019. ISSN 1053-811
The data is also available at https://zenodo.org/record/2483169.
The manuscript is also available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811919305014.
To refer to a specific version of the code, everything is also archived over at https://zenodo.org/record/3248894.
Project details
Release history Release notifications
This version
0.1.2
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Elastic Elastic Search Pingdom Pingdom Monitoring Google Google BigQuery Sentry Sentry Error logging AWS AWS Cloud computing DataDog DataDog Monitoring Fastly Fastly CDN DigiCert DigiCert EV certificate StatusPage StatusPage Status page | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1986 Hexagon World Men's Curling Championship
The 1986 Hexagon World Men's Curling Championship, the men's world curling championship, was held from March 31 to April 6 at the CNE Coliseum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Awards
* Colin Campbell Award: Uli Sutor (🇩🇪) | WIKI |
[RFC] Delete the "testcases" symlink
So, I want to delete the testcases symlink from the LLDB tree, and move the tests out of the packages directory into tests/testcases.
A few reasons why I want to do this:
(1) I can't imagine symlinks in SVN is something that works well on platforms that don't support symlinks (like Windows)
(2) It trips up scripts and tools that try to operate on the files without calling realpath (while I know I could fix those, it is easier to just fix this)
(3) It seems to me that it is completely unnecessary. In lldbsuite's __init__.py we already find the test cases by path from the lldb checkout root, so having them live in the python packages just seems odd.
Thoughts?
Is there a reason why they need to live in the packages directory that I'm unaware of?
-Chris
The reason they were put into the packages directory in the first place is because this forms a proper python package so that more code can be shared amongst test cases. I don’t know why the symlink was ever created in the first place, sounds like that was probably put in place by someone who thought packages/python/lldbsuite/test was too much to type (hard to argue with, tbh). In any case, as long as you can maintain the package structure so that a testcase can write “from support import fs” then you can re-arrange stuff however you like.
I also think some people had expressed interest in writing bindings for other languages, but I haven’t heard anything about that in some time, so until I see more effort on that front a concrete proposal, we don’t need to worry about it.
Yes, writing that long path every time you run a test case was indeed the reason for that symlink. I stood it for a couple of weeks before it drove me round the bend! You want it to be a real path and not just have the test suite accept partial paths because it is really handy to use the shell’s filename completion.
Anyway, if there’s some compelling reason to remove the link, I’ll just remake it by hand in all my checkouts, not too much of a hardship. But it would be much better if we could remove that long path and move the test cases back into the test directory.
Jim
It’s definitely possible to (at worst) shorten the path if we say we don’t care about supporting other languages (i’m fine saying that for now unless someone comes along with a serious committment to support and maintaining other bindings). So we could drop packages/Python for example.
I also remember the whole third party debacle now. That was (IIRC) the reason for the packages indirection, because we want both LLDB scripts (i.e. stuff in the scripts/ folder) as well as test cases and test infrastructure to all be able to share the same code.
Things get really nasty when you start putting stuff in different trees, Python isn’t really designed to work well in this scenario, it expects all code to share a common root, which is why it was difficult to have testcases and package code in a different tree.
If someone finds a way to make it work though, more power to them :slight_smile:
We were contemplating some sort of a Java binding for lldb, but that
isn't going to happen any time soon, so you don't have to hold a place
open for other languages because of us.
Happy new year,
pl | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
I moved my money to an Ally high-yield savings account and I love it
When Anna Baluch got married, she and her husband decided to combine their savings in a high-yield savings account with the online bank Ally, which paid 2.2% interest at the time (as of October 2019, this account pays 1.9% interest).They both had savings accounts at traditional banks, but those accounts paid 0.02% interest and 0.01% interest, meaning moving to Ally could earn them up to 200 times as much interest each month.Even though they had always used banks with physical branches, they loved Ally's convenience and customer service, as well as its app.Read more personal finance coverage.After I tied the knot, it was time for my husband and me to combine our savings.I had my money in a Fifth Third Bank savings account, and he had his in a PNC savings account. The easy move would have been to pick one of our savings accounts and transfer the other person's savings over.However, the easy move was definitely not the smartest move. My Fifth Third savings account was making a measly 0.02% in interest, while my husband's PNC savings account was earning 0.01%. We both liked keeping our savings at banks that had physical locations near our house, but we knew the interest rates just weren't cutting it.We began to research other savings accounts and eventually decided on transferring our savings into an Ally Bank online savings account, as it offers competitive interest rates that are rarely offered by many large banks and financial institutions. With an Ally online savings account, we'd be able to earn 2.2% in interest (at the time) — a huge step up from the 0.02% and 0.01% we were used to.In addition to its impressive interest rate (note that as of October 3, 2019, this account pays 1.9% in interest), Ally offers a variety of other noteworthy benefits my husband and I love. Unlike other savings accounts, Ally does not have any monthly maintenance fees or balance requirements. Even though there's no brick-and-mortar Ally Bank near my house, I've found that I can get the help I need at any time by taking advantage of the 24/7 online or phone support. I have yet to experience a long hold time or an unhelpful customer-service representative.My husband and I are also huge fans of the Ally Bank app. We can check our balance and scheduled transfers, and keep track of our savings from the convenience of our phones. The app also allows us to take pictures of checks to make deposits and transfer money into our checking account (which is also with Ally by the way) with absolutely no issues.If we had stayed with either our premarriage savings accounts, $20,000 in savings would have made only $2 to $6 in interest. Now we can enjoy an estimated interest earnings of $440 with our Ally Bank online savings account. Just like most people, we work hard for our money, so there's no reason to have it sit in a savings account that essentially does nothing for us.Even if you've had the same savings account for years or are unsure about the idea of an online bank, I encourage you to try an Ally Bank online savings account. Just think about what you could do with the extra money you can earn.More savings and retirement coverageHow to retire earlyHow to save more moneyAre CDs a good investment?When to save money in high-yield savings
Personal Finance Insider offers tools and calculators to help you make smart decisions with your money. We do not give investment advice or encourage you to buy or sell stocks or other financial products. What you decide to do with your money is up to you. If you take action based on one of the recommendations listed in the calculator, we get a small share of the revenue from our commerce partners. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Otto Lowenstein
Otto Lowenstein (7 May 1889 – 25 March 1965) was a German-American neuropsychiatrist who was a native of Osnabrück.
He grew up in Preußisch Oldendorf, the son of Julius Lowenstein, a merchant, and Henriette Grunewald, into a Jewish family, and, when he was 19, began to study mathematics and philosophy at the University of Göttingen, before switching to medicine in another university.
In 1914 he received his medical degree from the University of Bonn, and following service as a military physician during World War I, he returned to Bonn as a neuropsychiatric assistant to Alexander Westphal. While at Bonn, he was involved in the fields of pediatric psychiatry and experimental psychology. He pursued funding from the Government of Westphalia, then developed and opened the first children's psychiatric hospital in the world. He became Chief of Staff at this new Neuropsychiatric Hospital of Bonn University (1920–1926). He became Chief Neuropsychiatrist and Director of the State Hospital for Nervous and Mental Diseases and founded the pioneering Neuropsychiatric Hospital for children, serving as its head from 1926 to 1933. This hospital continues to operate to this day and is believed to be the first specialized hospital of its kind in the world. He was the Director of the Institute for Heredity in Neurology and Psychiatry, (Institut Fuer Neurologisch–Psychiatrische Erbforschung) from 1926 to 1933. Together with his wife, Dr Marta (Grunewald) Lowenstein, he conducted hundreds of interviews to develop family histories of neurological illnesses. While in Germany he also began early research into pupillography as a means to detect and diagnose mental and neurological disorders including engineering the first machines and methodologies to assist in the study of the eye as a window to the brain.
In 1933, because of his Jewish ethnicity, he relocated to Switzerland in order to escape Nazi persecution (led by a former army colleague who was envious of his work), working as a neuropsychiatrist at the Clinique La Métairie in Nyon. He was a member of the faculty of the University of Geneva, Department of Ophthalmology, and Director of the Pupillographic Laboratory from 1935 to 1939. Under his leadership, the laboratory and the equipment pioneered there were invented and used in his researching the pupil. In 1939 he emigrated to New York City, where he was associated with New York University and later Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. In New York, he continued neuro-ophthalmological research with his research assistant Irene Loewenfeld. As he was preparing final edits to a major compendium of his life work specializing on the pupil, he was taken ill with pancreatic cancer. His work was entrusted to Dr Loewenfeld who had received her Ph.D. From the University of Bonn under Dr Lowenstein's mentorship. The work was ultimately published in the 1990s and contains his research in two volumes.
He is remembered for his studies involving motion, size and functionality of the eye's pupil from a neuropsychiatric standpoint. In Germany and America, he created laboratories containing specialized equipment for research of the eye's pupil. He was particularly interested in the status of an individual's pupil during specific emotional and psychological states, as well as the condition of the pupil during periods of fatigue and alertness.
In 1957, he built an "electronic pupillograph" that incorporated infrared technology. This device was used to accurately measure and analyze the pupils' diameter, and was a forerunner to more sophisticated pupillographic instruments that were developed in later years. Lowenstein's pioneer experiments and numerous publications on pupillary topics were a major factor in bringing pupillography into American neuro-ophthalmological medicine.
Recently, a psychiatric clinic for children called Das Professor Otto Löwenstein Haus was founded at the University of Bonn in Lowenstein's honor.
He was survived by his wife Marta who died later in the same year and by his two daughters, Anne Elizabeth Löwenstein Perls of Pacific Palisades, California, and Mary Dorothy Theresa Löwenstein Rowe (aka Marieli Rowe) of Madison, Wisconsin. | WIKI |
Packers hold off Seahawks' rally, reach NFC Championship
EditorsNote: Adds quotes Davante Adams made eight receptions for a franchise postseason-record 160 yards and two touchdowns as the Green Bay Packers held on to defeat the visiting Seattle Seahawks 28-23 Sunday in an NFC divisional-round playoff game. Aaron Rodgers completed 16 of 27 passes for 243 yards, and Aaron Jones gained 62 yards on 21 carries with a pair of 1-yard touchdowns for the second-seeded Packers (14-3), who will visit the San Francisco 49ers next Sunday in the NFC Championship Game. The 49ers beat the Packers 37-8 in Santa Clara on Nov. 24. “We’re going to enjoy this one first and then get on to San Francisco,” Rodgers said afterward on the Fox broadcast. “Think the two best teams in the NFC (are playing for the championship). We’re going to have to go get out there and get a win.” Russell Wilson led the fifth-seeded Seahawks (12-6), who won 17-9 at Philadelphia in a wild-card game last weekend, in both rushing and passing. Wilson was 21 of 31 for 277 yards and a touchdown and added 64 yards on seven carries. “I think Russell was phenomenal,” Seattle head coach Pete Carroll told reporters. “He did everything he could have done.” Tyler Lockett made nine receptions for 136 yards and a score. Marshawn Lynch twice scored on 1-yard runs but had just 26 yards on 12 carries. The Seahawks nearly rallied from a 21-3 halftime deficit. Lynch scored on 1-yard run on Seattle’s first drive of the second half to make it 21-10. Adams tallied on a 40-yard pass from Rodgers on the Packers’ next possession to push the lead back to 18 points. The Seahawks then drove 84 yards in 12 plays, capped by a 7-yard pass from Wilson to Lockett, to make it 28-17. After forcing a three-and-out, the Seahawks were led by Wilson on a nine-play, 79-yard march, with Lynch scoring from the 1, to make it 28-23 with 9:33 left. A 2-point conversion failed as Wilson was sacked. After another Green Bay punt, the Seahawks took over on their own 23 with 4:54 remaining. After one first down, the Seahawks lost a yard on the next three plays, with Wilson being sacked by Preston Smith on third down, and punted. Green Bay was able to run out the clock with two critical third-down conversions — Rodgers found Adams for 32 yards on third-and-8 and then Jimmy Graham for 9 yards on third-and-9 to seal it. “They were doubling (Adams) a lot, and we made little adjustments. He had an unbelievable night, he carried us,” Rodgers said. “We ran the ball just well enough, and the defense made some stops.” The Packers dominated the first half. Adams scored on a 20-yard pass from Rodgers on Green Bay’s first possession of the game. Seattle pulled within 7-3 on a 45-yard field goal by Jason Myers late in the first quarter. Jones scored on a pair of 1-yard touchdown runs in the second quarter, the last with 1:30 remaining, to make it 21-3. —Field Level Media | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Add code block language name into CSS classes in Pelican Markdown
I used Pelican and its Markdown plugin to render blog post.
Recently I was playing with the Python Official Documentation, which has a decent code syntax highlighter powered by Pygments.
What’s more, the output of code examples can be toggled. That is, a code example:
>>> print('Hello World')
Hello World
>>> 6 * 7
42
can be toggled to:
print('Hello World')
6 * 7
which is very convenient for code copy-pasting.
However, the functionality is currently failed on the official Python doc (given by copybutton.js) because the jQuery updates break previous API behavior. I’ve filed issue 26246 on the Python issue tracker for this problem. (EDIT 2016-02-27: the patch has been merged.)
Code output toggle in Pelican
After I fixed the copybutton.js, I wished to add this functionality to my blog.
Code highlighting in Pelican markdown files is handled by its CodeHilite extension. To my surprise, I found CodeHilite does not express the language name specified for each code block.
What I expected was
<div class="highlight-python3">
<div class="highlight">
<pre>
<!-- ... -->
</pre>
</div>
</div>
but the actual output was
<div class="highlight">
<pre>
<!-- ... -->
</pre>
</div>
So no way to find the language name the code block used, nor the lexer aliases Pygments guessed when no language name was specified.
A quick dig into the source code showed that it is relatively easy to fix. Here is the diff:
diff --git a/extensions/codehilite.py b/extensions/codehilite_updated.py
index 0657c37..4fad7c5 100644
--- a/extensions/codehilite.py
+++ b/extensions/codehilite_updated.py
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ class CodeHilite(object):
def __init__(self, src=None, linenums=None, guess_lang=True,
css_class="codehilite", lang=None, style='default',
- noclasses=False, tab_length=4, hl_lines=None, use_pygments=True):
+ noclasses=False, tab_length=4, hl_lines=None, use_pygments=True,
+ wrap_by_lang=True):
self.src = src
self.lang = lang
self.linenums = linenums
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ class CodeHilite(object):
self.tab_length = tab_length
self.hl_lines = hl_lines or []
self.use_pygments = use_pygments
+ self.wrap_by_lang = wrap_by_lang
def hilite(self):
"""
@@ -114,13 +116,22 @@ class CodeHilite(object):
lexer = get_lexer_by_name('text')
except ValueError:
lexer = get_lexer_by_name('text')
+ lang = lexer.aliases[0]
formatter = get_formatter_by_name('html',
linenos=self.linenums,
cssclass=self.css_class,
style=self.style,
noclasses=self.noclasses,
hl_lines=self.hl_lines)
- return highlight(self.src, lexer, formatter)
+ hilited_html = highlight(self.src, lexer, formatter)
+ if self.wrap_by_lang and self.lang:
+ return '<div class="%(class)s-%(lang)s">%(html)s</div>\n' % {
+ 'class': self.css_class,
+ 'lang': lang.replace('+', '-'),
+ 'html': hilited_html,
+ }
+ else:
+ return hilited_html
else:
# just escape and build markup usable by JS highlighting libs
txt = self.src.replace('&', '&')
I’m happy with the patched codehilite output. I am now able to give code toggle function to specific code languages.
However it’s quite busy these days, so it may take a while to submit a proper pull request (e.g. fix any broken unit tests, write new tests, and tune the API as well as the new behavior). Moerover, currently my site does not use jQuery so I am missing a huge dependency. Rewriting it using vanilla JS seems to require considerable work, and the very thing I don’t have at hand is time :(
I’ve decided to leave this improvement in future development. But if your site use Pelican Markdown and imports jQuery, the diff will add the code language back. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The courts were an essential place in the life of a slave. It was the first official place they entered when they arrived in the states and the place they went back if they wanted their freedom or had been granted their freedom. They could also visit the site if they wanted to contest the freedom of their loved ones. Many African Americans challenged for their freedom in court, and some of them won, while most did not. This can be attributed to the fact that slavery was legal during the 18th century and most judges were biased in favor of slavery. African-American slaves made good use of the courts because it was the only way they were sure to get free from bondage, find their long lost loved ones because of the records kept, change their identity after they attained freedom and for official use such as marriage.
Slaves used the courts to grant them their freedom from their slave masters. In the south, where the book Knights of the Razor is based, slave masters expected unwitting obedience from their slaves. As a result, many of them fled along British lines during the war, Caesar remained behind, and this made his mistress to free him, as a reward for being faithful. Still, he couldn't be a free man without the courts granting him his full freedom. Therefore, he went to court. Finally, he was given his freedom. This is just one example of how African-Americans used the courts to free themselves entirely from their owners and be granted the title of a free man. Additionally, they used the same courts to release their family members who were still slaves by buying them from their owners. He needed the courts to help identify them as free members of the society because they could again be kidnapped or forced back into slavery. On the same note, slaves from the north used to sue for their freedom, predominantly because in some areas, they outnumbered the whites. Moreover, they had the numbers. In 1724, the French Code Noir was introduced to the Mississippi valley. It was against manumission, but this did not deter slaves from going to court to demand their freedom.
Secondly, they relied on the courts to give them an identity, for example, if they wanted to change their slave name or the name they were given when they arrived in the states. He was named Caesar when he came in the US by a judge when he was ten years old, and thirty-six years later, he went before a judge again to change his name. This time, he chose a name for himself, John Hope. African-Americans could go to court after they bought or were granted their freedom to change their names from the slave names to a name they thought suited them most. Reason being, the names they were given were not fit for humans, and they reminded them of the hard life they had faced while in slavery.
Another issue the slaves used the courts for was marriage. It was rare for a groom to be underage during this period, but it was a regular thing for the bride to be a minor. When someone wanted to marry, they had to pay a bond to the home county of the bride, and this was done in court. The warrant was to pay for the marriage certificate to prove that the marriage was legal. For a slave to marry, they needed the consent of their master to marry, and on occasion, this was done, it was done in front of a judge. After women got married, they could not write a will, but anyone above 21 years could dispose of their land via a will. The will was formulated by the said person and presented IN court to prove the land belonged to the will owner. If a person died and the will was misplaced or hidden, the courts could order the person they thought knew where the will was to produce it. If there were no will, the court would order the land to be given to the next of kin, like the wife, children or other living relatives.
In the north, some slaves were able to buy their freedom and eventually start their own families and farms. Such people owned slaves too, and they used the courts to contest their slaves. For instance, if a slave 'belonging' to an African American were found in a white man's compound, the African American would go to court, and the matter would be settled.
Lastly, African Americans could use the courts to find their missing relatives. Reason being the courts had records of all slaves who had arrived in the states, and the names they were given. Therefore, it was an excellent place to start when looking for lost ones once a slave got his freedom. Additionally, everyone was required by the law to pay taxes. Therefore, this was another way these people used to find their relatives since there were records on who was eligible to pay taxes. Moreover, if one was looking for any male under 16, the place one could view was the tithing lists since 1782 because the state began taxing every man above 16. They also listed all the males in a household who were under 16; so that they could start paying taxes once they were sixteen. All these records could be found in courthouses or clerk offices.
In conclusion, slaves had different uses for the courts, but the most dominant one is demanding for their freedom. All through the north and south, African American slaves went to court to demand their freedom. The first slave to openly contest for freedom was Dred Scott who was sadly granted his liberty only nine months before he met his death. On occasion a slave worked off his debt and was able to buy his freedom, he had to go to court to be granted his freedom fully. They also used the courts to get a new identity in case they wanted to do away with their old slave name. If someone was finally free, they had the option of choosing a new name, and they had to finalize the process in court. Some slaves owned their slaves after they got free and they used the courts to contest if these slaves were stolen or captured by whites. Although rare, marriages were also formalized in court, due to the bond payment. If a relative wanted to find lost ones, they could use court records to do so since the courts kept all records of slaves who entered the states, and any boy born to a slave family.
Berlin, Ira. 2000. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. 1st ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Bristol, Douglas W. Jr. Knights of the Razor; Black Barbers in Slavery and Freedom. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
Williams, Heather Andrea. Help Me to Find My People: The African American Search for Family Lost in Slavery. Durham: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the customtermpaperwriting.org website, please click below to request its removal:
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What is Silent Function in avast Antivirus?
Muted Mode is a great useful function that permits gamers to focus on their game playing without being distracted simply by avast popups and notifications. The feature could be enabled inside the options circumstance in the avast software and it is customizable to accommodate individual requirements. It’s also especially useful for laptop coders and hackers whom work online, as it permits them to pay attention to their job without being diverted by virtually any annoying bulletins.
The avast silent function enables users to run anti-virus scans boost the software with minimal distractions. This is ideal for people who operate an office environment or are sometimes on the go and don’t have time to fully stop working to check if all their computers are safe. The quiet mode can avastforwindows.co/avast-unable-to-scan-my-pc-reasons-and-solutions/ end up being used to perform video games without having to be distracted by simply popups or perhaps notifications, that can affect a gamer’s FPS.
When the avast silent mode is switched on, all notices are covered up unless they can be considered significant or related to an important reliability issue. For instance virus description updates, secureness scan effects and any other notifications that could normally appear on the screen. You can actually nevertheless go for to receive some of these notifications, including notifications linked to gaming or a full-screen application, by selecting them through the list of exceptions.
When the avast silent mode is impaired, all announcements are restored, including incoming email messages and Windows articles or blog posts. However , this mode may possibly decrease your avast speed a little, as the antivirus program will be needed to perform more record tasks including scanning and updating this software. This is not a large issue, but it surely can be disruptive with a users.
error: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File Exchange
image thumbnail
boxplot
version 1.0.0.0 (3.25 KB) by Cris Luengo
Elegant box plot with a few customisation features
686 Downloads
Updated 09 Jun 2015
View License
BOXPLOT(Y) plots a box for each of the columns in Y. Each box will be placed on integer positions along the x-axis, corresponding to the column number. The box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles, a bar indicates the 50th percentile, and whiskers indicate the max and min datum. H = BOXPLOT(Y) returns one handle per box.
BOXPLOT(Y,'outlier') changes the plot such that the whiskers indicate the max and min datum still within 1.5 IQR (the height of the box). Data outside the whiskers are shown as dots. H = BOXPLOT(Y,'outlier') returns two handles per box (one for the box, one for the dots representing the outliers). The outlier handle can be 0 if there were no outliers to plot.
BOXPLOT(...,'boxwidth',W,'barlength',S) additionally sets the width of the box as a fraction of the distance between boxes, and the total length of the bar that represents the median. It is recommended that S>=W. By default, W=0.4 and S=0.5.
Cite As
Cris Luengo (2021). boxplot (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/51134-boxplot), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved .
MATLAB Release Compatibility
Created with R2012a
Compatible with any release
Platform Compatibility
Windows macOS Linux
Community Treasure Hunt
Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!
Start Hunting! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CCL (programming language)
The result was delete. Can't sleep, clown will eat me 08:07, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
CCL (programming language)
Non-notable; advertisement SJK 12:28, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per it's an advertisement. Hello32020 14:46, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete; makes no claims of notability, and is clearly an advertisment with no editors besides maintaince work after the original posting.--Prosfilaes 14:58, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete. Yet another SQL extension. Pavel Vozenilek 15:40, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
* DELETE ARTICLE FROM WIKIPEDIA WHERE TITLE = 'CCL (programming language)' AND REASON = 'spam'; -- RoySmith (talk) 03:12, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete Spam. Xdenizen 01:28, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Electricmoose/My Pages
My Pages
These are the pages I have contributed to:
* Sniper (Speed And Distance Of A Sniper Bullet)
* Dennis the Menace (UK)
* The Adventures of Tintin
* The Magic Roundabout
* Wellingborough (Wellingborough School)
* Nintendo GameCube
* Just William
* iPod
* Castle Ashby
* Electromagnet
* Model car
* Corgi Cars (I Started!)
* Die Cast cars
* Mettoy-Corgi
* Aston Martin
* 2005 Six Nations Championship
* Air Force One
* Cars (movie)
* Mountain bike
* Cat
* Rabbit
* IPod shuffle
* Game Boy Player
* Luigi's Mansion
* Bowser
* Wikistory
* Professor E. Gadd (I Started!)
* Supermarine Spitfire
* Deer
* Hitler Youth
* British and Irish Lions
* 2005 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand
* Dirty Harry
* The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
* Lee Van Cleef
* Eli Wallach
* Official Monster Raving Loony Party
* .44 Magnum
* Alex Rider
* SilverFin
* The Supernaturalist
* Artemis Fowl (book)
* Artemis Fowl
* Artemis Fowl: The Arctic Incident
* Artemis Fowl: The Eternity Code
* Splinter Cell
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory
* The Outlaw Josey Wales
* The Shadows
* Google
* Microsoft Paint
* Babolat
* Alcatraz Island
* Game Boy Advance
* Game Boy Advance SP
* Game Boy Micro
* Nintendo GameCube
* Nintendo iQue
* PlayStation 2
* Dreamcast
* Xbox
* Gizmondo
* Nintendo DS
* Nintendo Revolution
* PlayStation 3
* PlayStation Portable
* Xbox 360
* Category:Seventh-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
* 3DO Interactive Multiplayer
* AmigaCD32
* Atari Jaguar
* Game Boy Color
* Nintendo 64
* Nintendo Virtual Boy
* PlayStation
* Sega Saturn
* Category:Fifth-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
* CD-i
* Game Boy
* Neo Geo CD
* Neo-Geo
* Sega 32X
* Sega Genesis
* Sega Mega Drive
* Sega Mega-CD
* Super Nintendo Entertainment System
* SuperGrafx
* TurboGrafx 16
* Category:Forth-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
* Amstrad GX4000
* Atari 7800
* Nintendo Entertainment System
* SG-1000 Mark III
* Sega Master System
* Category:Third-generation_video_game_consoles (I started)
* Arcadia 2001
* Atari 2600
* Atari 5200
* Colecovision
* Intellivision
* SG-1000
* Vectrex
* Category:Second-generation_video_game_consoles (I started)
* Bally Astrocade
* Coleco Telstar
* Fairchild Channel F
* Magnavox Odyssey
* Magnavox Odyssey²
* Pong-based Units
* RCA Studio 2
* Category:First-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
* Fractal
* Category:History of computer and video games
* Avedis Zildjian Company
Please note: pages I have contributed to, and my contributed pictures, may have been edited or submitted by me in my other wiki account. | WIKI |
Shabondama
Shabondama (シャボン玉) is a 1922 Japanese nursery rhyme (warabe uta) composed by Shinpei Nakayama with lyrics written by Ujō Noguchi. It is widely taught in Japanese nursery schools and kindergartens as a simple melody; it is also sometimes used in elementary school moral education courses, where students learn that it is a meditation on the death of a child.
Noguchi's daughter Midori died at the age of just 7 days in 1908. In the Meiji period, the infant mortality rate was quite high, with about 20–30 percent of children dying before reaching schooling age. It was common to have many children to aim for success of the household, but Noguchi was divorced and thus mourned the loss of his only child for a long time.
It is widely believed that Noguchi wrote this poem upon seeing the girls in his village play with bubbles, being reminded of the brief existence of his daughter. However, other than the above facts, the direct inspiration for the song is unknown.
The melody of the song is a modification of the Christian hymn "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know". It is used as the melody for departing trains in Yumoto Station, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama
The result was keep. MBisanz talk 14:18, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
This article is a very well done attempt to cover up the fact that this webcomic is lacking any notability by mentioning and sourcing a large number of unnotable events. The comic has not won an award and is not published in a notable publication. In fact, the webcomic has less than 200 unique visitors to its website on most days: Stats at Project Wonderful. Shishigami (talk) 11:33, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep. 1. Comic-Con is a seriously notable event. 2. The stats cited are not representative. They are the stats for a specific ad, not the stats for their whole site. Besides, RSS subscriptions and some viewers for reading webcomics don't even show the ads, so those users don't affect an ad's display count. 3. Comic-Con is NOTABLE. With 140,000 people attending it, it's worth mentioning twice. (You created a second account just to nominate this one article for deletion? Seriously? That's odd.) MMMMMMMM (talk) 07:23, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep. Neither of the mystery nominator's arguments hold up. Comic-Con is absolutely notable. Ad stats do not equal the comic's stats. For instance, my friends and I use a browser setting that won't let ads like that appear, therefore none of us would show up in such numbers. Shoester (talk) 21:24, 6 January 2009 (UTC)
ComicCon is certainly notable, but its notability is not rubbing off on the comics which are presented there by their creators. The facts remain that this webcomic is not published in any notable publication, that it has not won any notable award, that no articles about it have been written in notable publications and that the number of visitors to its website is very low. If this webcomic is notable enough for Wikipedia than several thousand other webcomics are as well. --Shishigami (talk) 22:48, 6 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Notability is not established, and certainly is not inherited from Comic-Con. / edg ☺ ☭ 02:37, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep. They're not just hawking their wares at these places. They're panelists at Comic-Con and WonderCon, so their convention involvement is no argument for deletion. Dr.Who (talk) 23:07, 8 January 2009 (UTC)
* Question: are the cartoon llama and the cartoon cat panelists in real life? If yes, this does not seem possible. If no, to whom are you referring? / edg ☺ ☭ 00:31, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
* The AfD nominator, who is the one who raised the issue of event notability as though only nonnotable events had been mentioned (and who claims on her or his user page to win unspecified awards for writing unspecified articles while criticising others re awards), subsequently remarked on what it had to do with the creators. Therefore, I referred to the creators. Dr.Who (talk) 05:35, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, but delete. There's nothing in this article that indicates that this webcomic is notable according to our inclusion guidelines. Terraxos (talk) 00:38, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep: No valid reason for deletion. Comic-Con International is a notable event and stats are misleading. Finally, I trying to WP:assume good faith, but I don't understand why nominator had to create an account just for this AfD.--Jmundo (talk) 04:14, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
While I am certainly open for arguments why the webcomic is notable, I believe that the reasoning of those who want to keep the article is erroneous since they suggest that the webcomic inherits the notability of Comic Con which does not make sense. The stats for the frontpage are also not misleading since they would be even low if the actual stats were 10 times higher which is totally unrealistic since only a minority of internet users switches off JavaScript. Alexa also shows that the number of visitors is low, the website has an "3 month average" Alexa rank of 1,227,016. --Shishigami (talk) 10:21, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Villa Regenstreif
Villa Regenstreif was a villa in Währing, the 18th district of Vienna, Austria, commissioned by Fritz Regenstreif and built by Friedrich Ohmann. The property bordered Pötzleinsdorfer Strasse 36-38 to the south and Starkfriedgasse 15 to the north.
History
Villa Regenstreif was commissioned by the industrialist Friedrich ("Fritz") Regenstreif (Czernowitz 14 November 1868 - 8 May 1941 Vienna) and built between 1913 and 1917 by the architect Friedrich Ohmann in a romantic style with slightly baroque elements, particularly in the design of the roofs. The manor house was magnificently furnished, the spacious salons and private rooms were clad throughout with artistically decorated wooden panels and marble slabs. The basement housed a separate cinema, a bowling alley and an orangery.
The villa was surrounded on all sides by a 2-hectare garden with trees, and many sculptures adorned the façade and the garden. The outbuildings included the gatehouse on Pötzleinsdorfer Strasse, a garage building with its own workshop and a glass palm house, both on Starkfriedgasse, a Chinese pavilion near the manor house and a swimming pool.
In March 1941, Fritz Regenstreif was forced to sell his villa to the National Socialist German Labor Front (DAF) for far less than its true value due to his Jewish ancestry; Regenstreif died that same year. Fritz Regenstreif's wife Johanna, née Ortlieb (Munich December 12, 1877 - June 22, 1934 Vienna), was no longer alive. Both their children Paul Regenstreif, born in Munich in 1899, and Ellen Illich (with her three children, including Ivan Illich), born in Munich in 1901, had to flee in 1942.
For fear of having to pass on the loot to Magda Goebbels, who had also shown interest in the villa, the DAF immediately began transporting the precious inventory to Berlin. The wooden panelling on the ceilings and walls was removed with hoes and burned, the remaining interior decoration was completely looted, and finally small office cubicles were provisionally set up, which were used by the Nazi organization National Socialist People's Welfare from 1943 until the liberation of Vienna in 1945. The organization wanted to set up a convalescent home for war-disabled officers in the villa.
From 1945 to 1955, the area was located in the US sector of Vienna. The building was rented by the USA and used as an officers' club for officers of the United States Air Force.
At the end of the restitution proceedings, which lasted from 1948 to 1953, Fritz Regenstreif's heirs received back the villa, which had been completely devastated and rendered unusable on the inside. The family sold in 1958.
In the early 1960s, the villa was briefly discussed as the official residence of the Federal President; Adolf Schärf held the office at the time. On March 17, 1964, a fire broke out during renovation work, which led to the building being demolished. Today there is a student residence on the site.
The gatehouse (Pötzleinsdorfer Straße 36), a water basin (the former fountain), a pavilion, walls and some lanterns have been preserved to this day.
Residents
The owner Fritz Regenstreif had become wealthy as a timber industrialist in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His daughter Ellen Rose (Maexie) Illich, née Regenstreif, and her three children Ivan, Mischa and Sascha lived in the villa, which they affectionately called "Pötz", from 1932 to 1942. Her son Ivan Illich became famous for describing the scenic atmosphere of Pötzleinsdorf and his feelings and thoughts on March 10, 1938 - two days before the "Anschluss of Austria" - in his text Loss of World and Flesh (Illich was eleven years old at the time).
Grandfather Regenstreif managed to buy his family's freedom from being murdered by the Gestapo. Then the family had to flee via Italy with false passports.
The gravesite of Fritz and Johanna Regenstreif is located at the Pötzleinsdorf cemetery (Group B, Row 14, No. 156); the gravestone erroneously states the date of Fritz Regenstreif's death as May 3.
Literature
* Friedrich Achleitner: Österreichische Architektur im 20. Jahrhundert. Band III/2: Wien, 13.–18. Bezirk. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg 1995, ISBN 3-7017-0704-9, S 226
* Dieter Klein, Martin Kupf, Robert Schediwy: Stadtbildverluste Wien – Ein Rückblick auf fünf Jahrzehnte. LIT, Wien 2005, ISBN 3-8258-7754-X
* Sascha Illich: Our Pötz: Pictures of my Grandfather's Villa in Pötzleinsdorf, Vienna. saschapress, 2007
* Nationalfonds der Republik Österreich für Opfer des Nationalsozialismus, Schiedsinstanz für Naturalrestitution, Entscheidungsnummer 531 / 2009
* Michaela Scharf: Filmen als Selbstbehauptung.Ellen Illichs Familienfilme im Kontext nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung. In: Zeithistorische Forschungen 19 (2022), S. 170–185. | WIKI |
User:Skandinn/sandbox
The Diaz College (DC), officially the Diaz College, is a private college in Tanjay City, Philippines founded on 1947. It started as East Negros Institute in 1947.
History
October 11, 1947 was the historic day for the institution for it marked the breaking ground of the school. Granted a government permit in July 1947 to open doors for classes on a rented site, it registered 424 students. It was East Negros Institute or better known as Eni.
In more than two scores of fruitful years, the school has grown into manhood of over one thousand learners on an eight hectare site of Lawton Drive, Tanjay City. Indeed the site Is ideal for purposes for its adequate campus, for its freedom from traffic hazards, for its stately Anahaw and evergreen beautiful rows of cherry blossoms, and for its salubrious breezes coming from open Tanon Strait that it faces.
October 11, 1997 marked the Golden year of the institution of excellent learning. The school continued to provide its quality education. The legacy of the motto Strive-Seek-Learn has inscribed imprints in a number of professionals. Thus, a broaden horizon of knowledge outlived to flourish in the new Diaz College. The head, hand, and heart remain as the sentries of learning.
Today, Diaz College pursued the educational mission vision of dear old ENI. In the light of new perspectives and modern outlook of education, Diaz College High School Department assures learners the ideal and relevant education in pace with the needs and demands of time. As a sentry in the doorway of learning; Diaz College stands forever as an institution dedicated to quest of quality education in the realms of efficiency, effectivity and efficacy of the graduates for the real world.
Athletics
Diaz College has four athletic facilites. The school gym is used for Volleyball. The basketball court is for basketball. The School Oval is used for Running and the field beside Senior High is used for Badminton.
Student Government
The coordination of school activites and student organization are handled by the school Supreme Student Government (SSG). Currently there are 4 SSG party running for the throne. RED partylist members mostly won.
Academic programs
* BEED
* BSED
* CS
Former programs
* Basic Education
* Junior High School
* Senior High
Former Senior High Programs
* ABM
* GAS
* STEM
* HUMSS | WIKI |
Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/20
18 branches, their capital amounted to 9,538.067 crowns, their deposits were 48,270,453 crowns. The two most important banks are the Bank of Tatra, founded in 1886, with deposits of 10 million crowns, and the Credit Bank of Ružomberk, with a capital of 2 million crowns and deposits of 5 million.
Like Bohemia Slovakia is rich in mineral waters. The baths of Pišťany already enjoy international fame, although the Magyars claim them, just as the Germans claim the famous watering places of Bohemia, Karlsbad, Franzensbad and Marienbad.
This gives a rough sketch of the economic situation in Slovakia at the present time. It is plain that Slovakia is a rich country with a great future, and its underground wealth of minerals will transform it into one of the most industrial districts af all Europe. But it is necessary to bring capital into the country. Up to now the country was exploited by the Magyars and held down artificially to a low degree of economic and intellectual well-being. But the people are higly gifted and the precious gift of liberty will develop their talent, as it has done in America. The future of Slovakia is assured.
1em
All along the Volga valley, on across the heights of the Ural Mountains, across the broad steppes of Siberia to the Baikal district, across Manchuria and the Amur district as far as the Pacific Ocean at Vladivostok, there has been heard during the summer that is past the cry: ‘The Czecho-Slovaks are coming!’
It has been a cry of relief, like unto the glad some shouts of prisoners released from captivity, for the coming of the Czecho-Slovaks has meant for the milions of people in Siberia and Eastern Russia liberation from the tyrannical rule of the Bolsheviks, the restoration of a government by alall [sic] the people, the downfall of a government by one class for its own selfish interests.
When the Czecho-Slovaks first began their military operations against the Bolsheviks in the latter part of May, there was considerable confusion upon the part of the man in the street as to the meaning of it all. For although the Czecho-Slovaks are Slavs like the Russians, and although this particular army had formed an integral part of the Russian army and had rendered invaluable service to the Russian forces, the people as a whole had no very clear idea as to who they were, what they wanted, where they were going, and why they had declared war upon the Bolsheviks. Acustomed as they were after the turbulent events of the past year to insurrections and civil strife—to conflicts betwen Ukrainians and Bolsheviks, to Dutoff’s and Korniloff’s warfare against the Soviets, they looked upon this new conflict as but a new and rather strange element in the general disorder. Things could not be any worse than they are now, let the Czechs come and have their way, it is all the same to us. Such was the attitude of the average man at the time.
Then there began to be spread abroad more definite news as to who the Czecho-Slovaks were and what they wanted. The people learned that they were mostly former prisoners of war who had enlisted in the ranks of the Russian army to fight against Austria in the hope that they might thereby gain the freedom of their home-land, Bohemia. After the Brest-Litovsk peace they had concluded that Russia was no place for an army that wanted to fight against the Central Powers, and had started do depart for the French front by way of Siberia and Vladivostok. Trotsky and his colleagues, however, under suasion of the German ambassador,,, [sic] decided that it would be better to have them join his Red Army, and when they refused to do so, ordered their complete disarmament. Rather than submit to such ignominious treatment the Czecho-Slovaks decided to beat their way through to Vladivostok by force.
Right on the heels of these reports came the Czecho-Slovaks themselves. They were uniformed like the soldiers of the old Russian army, save for the little red and white ribbon that they wore in their hats. But what a contrast they presented to the “Tovarishi” of the disintegrated Russian army and to the bandits of the Red Army! Clean-cut, straight-forward looking fellows, honest and courteous in their treatment of the civilian population, with such order and discipline in their ranks as the Bolshevik-ridden Russians had not seen in many months, they immediately won the favor and soon the affection of all the people with whom they came in contact.
And before the astounded people could realize what was going on, and before the bewildered Bolsheviks could gather their wits together, the Czechs had gained control of all the main points | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 115 Part 2.djvu/641
PUBLIC LAW lOV-llQ-JAN. 8, 2002 115 STAT. 1625 "SEC. 2113. STATE USE OF FUNDS. 20 USC 6613. "(a) IN GENERAL. —^A State that receives a grant under section 2111 shall— "(1) reserve 95 percent of the funds made available through the grant to make subgrants to local educational agencies as described in subpart 2; "(2) reserve 2.5 percent (or, for a fiscal year described in subsection (b), the percentage determined under subsection (b)) of the funds to make subgrants to local partnerships as described in subpart 3; and "(3) use the remainder of the funds for State activities described in subsection (c). "(b) SPECIAL RULE. —For any fiscal year for which the total amount that would be reserved by all States under subsection (a)(2), if the States applied a 2.5 percentage rate, exceeds $125,000,000, the Secretary shall determine an alternative percentage that the States shall apply for that fiscal year under subsection (a)(2) so that the total amount reserved by all States under subsection (a)(2) equals $125,000,000. "(c) STATE ACTIVITIES. —The State educational agency for a State that receives a grant under section 2111 shall use the funds described in subsection (a)(3) to carry out one or more of the following activities, which may be carried out through a grant or contract with a for-profit or nonprofit entity: "(1) Reforming teacher and principal certification (including recertification) or licensing requirements to ensure that— "(A)(i) teachers have the necessary subject matter knowledge and teaching skills in the academic subjects that the teachers teach; and "(ii) principals have the instructional leadership skills to help teachers teach and students learn; "(B) teacher certification (including recertification) or licensing requirements are aligned with challenging State academic content standards; and "(C) teachers have the subject matter knowledge and teaching skills, including technology literacy, and principals have the instructional leadership skills, necessary to help students meet challenging State student academic achievement standards. "(2) Carrying out programs that provide support to teachers or principals, including support for teachers and principals new to their profession, such as programs that— "(A) provide teacher mentoring, team teaching, reduced class schedules, and intensive professional development; and "(B) use standards or assessments for guiding beginning teachers that are consistent with challenging State student academic achievement standards and with the requirements for professional development activities described in section 9101. "(3) Carrying out programs that establish, expand, or improve alternative routes for State certification of teachers and principals, especially in the areas of mathematics and science, for highly qualified individuals with a baccalaureate or master's degree, including mid-career professionals from other occupations, paraprofessionals, former military personnel, 89-194 0 -03- 21 QL3 Part 2
� | WIKI |
slick
backend
package backend
Generic backend-related code
Source
package.scala
Linear Supertypes
AnyRef, Any
Content Hierarchy Learn more about scaladoc diagrams
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2. By inheritance
Inherited
1. backend
2. AnyRef
3. Any
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Type Members
1. trait DatabaseComponent extends AnyRef
Backend for the basic database and session handling features.
Backend for the basic database and session handling features. Concrete backends like JdbcBackend extend this type and provide concrete types for Database, DatabaseFactory and Session.
2. trait DatabaseConfig[P <: BasicProfile] extends AnyRef
A configuration for a Database plus a matching Slick driver.
3. abstract class DatabasePublisher[T] extends Publisher[T]
A Reactive Streams Publisher for database Actions.
4. trait RelationalBackend extends DatabaseComponent
The required backend level for RelationalProfile.
5. final class StaticDatabaseConfig extends Annotation with StaticAnnotation
An annotation for injecting a DatabaseConfig at compile time.
An annotation for injecting a DatabaseConfig at compile time. The URI parameter must be a literal String. This annotation is required for providing a statically scoped database configuration to the tsql interpolator.
Value Members
1. object DatabaseConfig
2. object StaticDatabaseConfigMacros
Inherited from AnyRef
Inherited from Any
Ungrouped | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nectar
Data and computational resources in large data centers are often not managed efficiently. This inefficiency arises due to the vast amount of data in the data center and the complex interplay between the computations that run in the data center and the data they operate on. The Nectar project attempts to solve this problem by synthesizing ideas from a few different strands of prior research: SQL, scalable distributed data structures, and version management systems.
Managing data and the computational resources in a data center is a difficult problem. The typical solution to this problem is to use manual or semi-automated techniques for bookkeeping and managing resource usage. Such approaches tend to be tedious and inflexible at best, and error-prone and wasteful of resources at worst. Our research goal in this project is to explore ways to automate the management of computation and data.
In the case of computation, we endeavor to reuse results from earlier computations rather than run the computation again if the results of the computations are indistinguishable. Alternatively, we try to compute only incremental results of a computation if we have available partial results from an earlier computation. Clearly, avoiding unnecessary computations has a huge efficiency (and energy) win, but achieving it requires sophisticated analysis of the computations and their inputs to determine when it is safe to reuse results.
The key issue we face in the management of data is the large number of temporary results that languish in the system long after they have outlived their usefulness. Although storage costs are getting cheaper (and getting more so every year), the capital cost of wasted storage in a large data center is significant, particularly since each computational result can consume 10s of MBs of storage, as they typically do for many computations. We can minimize the amount of space wasted by reclaiming space occupied by items that we can determine will not be used in the future as well that occupied by seldom-used data that can be easily regenerated by rerunning a computation. Once again this type of data reclamation needs a garbage collector as well as a reliable way of tracking dependencies, which is a hard problem in general.
The Occam's razor that Nectar applies to the data center environment is the unification of all access to data and computation through a single interface. In a Nectar data center, programmers interact with the data center through a query language interface (e.g., .Net LINQ). The results of all queries, referred to as derived datasets, are automatically managed by Nectar, allowing it to identify any derived dataset with the query that produced it. Our belief is that this unification offers the benefits of (a) efficient space utilization, (b) reuse of results, (c) incremental computation, and (d) ease of storage management. Privileged users can import data into the Nectar system without using the language interface; such data is treated as immortal and immutable by Nectar.
Nectar attempts to solve the data and computation management problem within the context of distributed execution engines (e.g., MapReduce, Dryad, Hadoop) and high level language systems (e.g., Sawzall, Pig, SCOPE, DryadLINQ) that form the basis for many large scale data centers in the world today. We have designed and built a prototype that runs on a small cluster of DryadLINQ/Dryad machines. Our experience with this prototype has been positive. We are in the process of gaining more experience by deploying it in our lab's experimental cluster for our colleagues to use in their day-to-day research.
Publications | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Manuel Bernardo de Sousa
Manuel Bernardo de Sousa (1 August 1931 – 20 June 2013) was an Angolan diplomat and minister of Transport from 1983 to 1987. | WIKI |
Page:The Dunciad - Alexander Pope (1743).djvu/118
Book II. Th'embroider'd suit at least he deem'd his prey, That suit an unpay'd taylor snatch'd away. No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit, That once so flutter'd, and that once so writ. Heav'n rings with laughter: Of the laughter vain, Dulness, good Queen, repeats the jest again. Three wicked imps, of her own Grubstreet choir, She deck'd like Congreve, Addison, and Prior; Mears, Warner, Wilkins run: delusive thought! Breval, Bond, Besaleel, the varlets caught. | WIKI |
logo
Frontend Callback (Flutter)
Frontend callback feature is released on May 26, 2022.
Introduction
Our SDK provides a callback after closing or submitting the survey by the user. For that you just need to add listener for oneFlowSurveyFinishNotification event which will get triggered as soon a user will submit the survey. In the below code, you will see how to implement a 1Flow survey callback in Flutter.
dart
void main() { runApp(MyApp()); // Add this line to configure 1Flow OneFlow.configure('<1flow_project_key>',true); // true if want to enable surveys otherwise false. /* Adding 'oneFlowSurveyFinishNotificationHandler' event listener. This event will be triggered as soon as user will submit the survey. */ OneFlow.methodchannel.setMethodCallHandler(oneFlowSurveyFinishNotificationHandler); } /* Event listener function which will be called as soon as 'oneFlowSurveyFinishNotification' will be triggered. */ Future<void> oneFlowSurveyFinishNotificationHandler(MethodCall call) async { final String method = call.method; dynamic argument = call.arguments; switch (method) { case "oneFlowSurveyFinishNotification": { print("oneFlowSurveyFinishNotification: $argument"); } break; default: { print("Invalid choice"); } break; } }
Demo data structure 1flow callback:
json
Example:- { "survey_id": "XXXXXXXXXXXXX", "survey_name": "Rating Survey", "trigger_name": "fileSaved", "status": "finished", "screens": [ { "question_title": "How it worked", "question_type": "checkbox", "screen_id": "XXXXXXXXXXXXX", "question_ans": [ { "answer_value": "Option 1" }, { "answer_value": "Option 2" }, { "answer_value": "Other", "other_value": "Checkbox Other" } ] }, { "question_title": "Your valuable feedback", "question_type": "text", "screen_id": "XXXXXXXXXXXXX", "question_ans": [ { "answer_value": "This is user's feedback" } ] } ] }
Fields in 1flow callback:
survey_name: string
trigger_event_name: string
status: string
screens: Array | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Compare Two Simple Catalogs
This example provides a walkthrough on how to run two versions of the same input catalog through a Data Validation Library comparison.
The input catalog for this example uses the HERE tiling scheme with partitions that cover Berlin and the surrounding areas. Each of the catalog's tiles contains a single line segment: either an octagon, a horizontal line, or a vertical line.
In this example, the comparison component reads the input catalog versions and compares the contents of their linesegments layers, as well as the metadata in their state layers.
Requirements
To begin, you require an existing output catalog for the example's comparison results and access to the quick start input catalog.
The section below describes how you can create and configure this catalog in the Portal.
The HRN for the input catalog is: hrn:here:data:::dvl-example-berlin4-compare-validation-quickstart-input
The source code and configuration templates for the example is in the SDK under examples/data-validation/java/quick-start for Java and examples/data-validation/scala/quick-start for Scala.
For running pipelines, this document assumes that you have already set up your app and credentials using the instructions from Get Your Credentials.
Create and Configure the Comparison Output Catalog
1. You will be creating a catalog with three layers named heretile-comparison-results, generic-comparison-results, and state. You can do that using a configuration template file named output-comparison-catalog-platform.json.template (in the
examples/data-validation/{java,scala}/quick-start/config/pipeline/olp directory relative
examples/data-validation/{java,scala}/quick-start/config/pipeline/cn directory relative
to the root of your unpacked SDK). Remove the .template extension of that file's name and replace the placeholder {output_catalog_id} with {CATALOG_ID}, where CATALOG ID is a unique identifier, such as "YOUR_LOGIN-validation-quickstart-comparison".
2. Use the OLP CLI (tools/OLP_CLI relative to the root of your unpacked SDK) to create a catalog with a command like this:
./olp catalog create "{CATALOG_ID}" "{CATALOG_NAME}" \
--summary "{CATALOG_SUMMARY}" \
--config "{JSON_FILE_PATH}"
where CATALOG ID is the unique identifier you used above, such as "YOUR_LOGIN-validation-quickstart-comparison". This identifier is the resource portion of your catalog's HERE Resource Name (HRN),
CATALOG_NAME is a unique identifier (whitespaces are allowed), such as "YOUR_LOGIN Data Validation Library Quick Start Example Comparison Results" (this is the value that appears for your catalog in the Portal's Data tab, when you list all available catalogs or search for a catalog), and
CATALOG SUMMARY is an informal description like "Output catalog of the Comparison component in the Data Validation Library Quick Start Example" (the --summary option is actually required).
JSON_FILE_PATH is the path to your configuration file from the previous step above.
It will take approximately a minute for the catalog to be created on the platform, before you get a result like this, containing the HRN that you can use for all further CLI and SDK operations to identify this catalog:
Catalog hrn:here:data:::{YOUR_CATALOG_ID} has been created.
The HERE Resource Name (HRN) for this catalog can now be used as the output for your comparison pipeline.
3. Grant "read", "write", and "manage" permissions for this catalog to your group with the respective group ID by running the following command:
./olp catalog permission grant "{CATALOG_HRN}" --group "{GROUP_ID}" --read --write --manage
Configure the Comparison Pipeline
For Java, the configuration template files are in the examples/data-validation/java/quick-start/config/pipeline/olp folder. For Scala, they are in examples/data-validation/scala/quick-start/config/pipeline/olp.
1. Fill out the template files as described below and save them without the ".template" suffix in the folder from where you are running the OLP CLI (tools/OLP_CLI relative to the root of your unpacked SDK).
2. Replace the output catalog HRN in pipeline-comparison-config.conf to that of the catalog you created above.
3. Replace the candidate catalog HRN in pipeline-comparison-config.conf to: hrn:here:data:::dvl-example-berlin4-compare-validation-quickstart-input
Run the Quickstart on the Open Location Platform with the SDK
1. For the Java implementation, go to the examples/data-validation/java/quick-start/comparison folder. For Scala, the folder is examples/data-validation/scala/quick-start/comparison. Build the fat JAR for pipeline deployment:
mvn clean package -Pplatform
This results in the target/comparison-$VERSION-platform.jar file for Java and target/comparison_2.11-$VERSION-platform.jar for Scala.
2. Place your configuration files in the tools/OLP_CLI folder and make tools/OLP_CLI your current directory. Then run this command to get a pipeline ID:
./olp pipeline create {YOUR_PIPELINE_NAME} {YOUR_GROUP_ID}
3. Create the pipeline template. For Java, {MAIN_CLASS} is com.here.platform.data.validation.example.quickstart.comparison.java.Main and for Scala it is com.here.platform.data.validation.example.quickstart.comparison.scala.Main.
./olp pipeline template create \
{YOUR_PIPELINE_NAME} batch-2.0.0 \
{PATH_TO_FAT_JAR_FROM_STEP_1} \
{MAIN_CLASS} \
{YOUR_GROUP_ID} \
--input-catalog-ids pipeline-comparison-config.conf
4. Create the pipeline version, configuring the reference catalog hrn and version as runtime parameters, to get a pipeline version ID.
./olp pipeline version create \
{YOUR_PIPELINE_VERSION_NAME} \
{PIPELINE_ID} \
{TEMPLATE_ID} \
pipeline-comparison-config.conf \
--runtime-config com.here.platform.data.validation.compare.reference.hrn=hrn:here:data:::dvl-example-berlin4-compare-validation-quickstart-input com.here.platform.data.validation.compare.reference.version=0
5. Activate the pipeline:
./olp pipeline version activate \
{PIPELINE_ID} {PIPELINE_VERSION_ID}
6. It may take a few minutes before the pipeline starts running, as your fat jar for the pipeline template may still be uploading to the platform in the background. To find out when the pipeline starts running you can either check its state via the Pipelines tab of the Portal or use this OLP CLI command (when the running state is reached, the portal lets you navigate to the Splunk logs, and this olp command will output the respective URL):
./olp pipeline version wait \
{PIPELINE_ID} {PIPELINE_VERSION_ID} \
--job-state=running \
--timeout=300
7. The pipeline takes up to 10 minutes to complete. Manually refresh the Pipelines tab in Portal. If the pipeline is complete, its status will refresh from "RUNNING" to "READY".
8. If you want to remove this pipeline, template, and version from the server, you can delete them with the commands below. However, the results of the pipeline remain in the output catalog.
./olp pipeline version delete {PIPELINE_ID} {PIPELINE_VERSION_ID}
./olp pipeline template delete {TEMPLATE_ID}
./olp pipeline delete {PIPELINE_ID}
Inspect the Comparison Output Catalog
There are at least two ways to decode the contents of output comparison catalog, either using the Portal or using protoc on your local machine.
Inspect the Comparison Output Catalog in the Portal
In the Portal's Data tab, click on the "heretile-comparison-results" layer for the output comparison catalog that you have created and populated.
Alternatively you can inspect the following catalog in the Portal's Data tab: hrn:here:data:::dvl-example-berlin4-validation-quickstart-scala-comparison
On the Layer page, click the Inspect tab to open the catalog.
Between the two input catalog versions, partitions with line segments that differ are highlighted in blue.
Click on a specific partition to see its decoded data.
Portal should render the differing geometry and display the decoded data values for the selected partition.
Inspect the Comparison Output Catalog locally
In the Portal's Data tab, click on the "heretile-comparison-results" layer for the output comparison catalog that you have created and populated.
Alternatively you can inspect the following catalog in the Portal's Data tab: hrn:here:data:::dvl-example-berlin4-validation-quickstart-scala-comparison
On the Layer page, click on the Partitions tab so that we can see specific partitions.
Click on "23618304" under Partition ID.
Click on Download raw data to save the raw partition data to disk.
You can then run protoc on the raw data to decode it, using:
protoc --decode_raw < {PATH_TO_RAW_PARTITION_DATA}
The output is structured as follows:
1 {
1 {
1: 0x404a0d0000000000
2: 0x4029668000000000
}
1 {
1: 0x404a064000000000
2: 0x4029668000000000
}
}
2 {
1 {
1: 0x404a09a000000000
2: 0x4029590000000000
}
1 {
1: 0x404a09a000000000
2: 0x4029740000000000
}
}
The first item is the pair of points representing the horizontal line segment in the reference catalog version. The second item is the pair of points representing the vertical line segment in the candidate catalog version.
In the Portal's Data tab, click on the "generic-comparison-results" layer for the output comparison catalog that you have created and populated.
On the Layer page, select the Partitions tab. Click on "state-fingerprints" under Partition ID.
Its content does not need to be decoded by protoc, and simply contains the string:
"checksum differs"
This indicates that the generic comparison for the "state" layer in each input catalog version yielded a checksum difference in the "fingerprints" partition. Generic comparisons do not retrieve payload content, and only compare metadata fields which are common to any catalog partition.
results matching ""
No results matching "" | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
782 A.2d 387
STATE of Maryland v. Samuel Donovan FUNKHOUSER.
No. 0085,
Sept. Term, 2001.
Court of Special Appeals of Maryland.
Sept. 27, 2001.
Kathryn Grill Graeff, Asst. Atty. Gen. (J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Atty. Gen., Baltimore, and Frank Weathersbee, State’s Atty. for Anne Arundel County, Annapolis, on the brief), for appellant.
Byron L. Warnken (Law Offices of Bonnie L. Warnken, on the brief), Baltimore, for appellee.
Submitted before ADKINS, CHARLES E. MOYLAN, Jr. (retired, specially assigned), and PAUL E. ALPERT (retired, specially assigned), JJ.
CHARLES E. MOYLAN, Jr., Judge
(Retired, Specially Assigned)
This appeal, taken by the State from an adverse pre-trial suppression ruling, was noted on March 23, 2001. The record on appeal was filed in this Court on May 21. Briefs were filed and the case was submitted on brief for consideration by us on September 7. Under the time constraints of Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article, Sect. 12 — 302(c)(3)(iii), the decision of this Court was required to be filed no later than September 18. Accordingly, our decision, affirming the suppression ruling and assessing costs to the State, was filed on September 12. This opinion, explaining that decision, now follows.
* * *
In the criminal appellate process, adversaries do not always meet on a level playing field. The question of who possesses the advantage, however, is not a matter of status as State or as defendant. It is rather the ad hoc circumstance of which party, on a given occasion, enjoys the luxury of being the appellee and which suffers the burden of being the appellant. There is a strong presumption — a discernible “tilt” of the playing field — in favor of the status quo.
The appellee, Samuel Donovan Funkhouser, was charged by the Anne Arundel County Police Department with the possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute it. He moved, pretrial, to have the physical evidence suppressed on Fourth Amendment grounds. Following a hearing in the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County, Judge Eugene M. Lemer granted the suppression motion. Pursuant to Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article, Sect. 12-302(c)(3), the State has filed the present appeal. We affirm Judge Lemer’s ruling that the evidence will be suppressed.
The Seizure and Subsequent Search: An Overview
On August 1, 2000, a white Jeep Wrangler, of which Funkhouser was the driver and sole occupant, was stopped by Detective Tom McBride, Jr. for an ostensible traffic violation. The traffic stop was ultimately followed by a warrantless search of the Jeep Wrangler for possible narcotics. After that search failed to produce either narcotics or other evidence, the police took from Funkhouser’s person a pouch or “fanny pack” he had strapped around his waist and searched it. It contained a substance believed to be cocaine. As a result of that discovery, Funkhouser was arrested.
At the suppression hearing, Detective McBride and Detective Michael Barclay testified for the State. Funkhouser testified for the defense. At the conclusion of the hearing, Judge Lemer, without articulating any detailed findings of fact, made his ruling in essentially conclusory terms:
I am going to grant his motion to suppress. I don’t believe that [Detective Barclay] has a right to search that— to come and pull the — unbuckle that thing around his waist and just go in there and search that pouch, that pouch that he had on. I am going to grant the motion.
The twenty to twenty-five minute period of escalating investigative activity between the initial traffic stop and the ultimate search of the fanny pack analytically breaks out into three distinct stages: 1) the traffic stop; 2) the warrantless automobile search, including two proffered justifications and the question of its possible scope; and 3) what was, in effect, the search of Funkhouser’s person.
If Portia’s quality of mercy was twice blessed, the State’s case on this appeal is thrice cursed. It is fatally flawed at each of the three analytic stages. Any one of the flaws would be sufficient to support Judge Lemer’s ruling. Because an analysis of this roadside confrontation presents such a potentially instructive teaching vehicle, however, it behooves us to examine the flaw at each of the three stages.
The Initial Whren Stop
Detectives McBride and Barclay were both narcotics officers, not traffic officers. On August 1, they had received a “tip” that a suspect driving a white Jeep Wrangler was in possession of a large quantity of cocaine at a gymnasium in a mall on Ritchie Highway. Their investigative purpose was to check out that “tip.” With commendable candor, they freely acknowledged that they were taking advantage of the broad investigative prerogative available to them by virtue of Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 116 S.Ct. 1769, 135 L.Ed.2d 89 (1996). In Charity v. State, 132 Md.App. 598, 601, 753 A.2d 556 (2000), this Court described that broad prerogative:
In Whren ... the Supreme Court extended law enforcement officers a sweeping prerogative, permitting them to exploit the investigative opportunities presented to them by observing traffic infractions even when their primary, subjective intention is to look for narcotics violations.
The Fourth Amendment, Whren taught, is unconcerned with the actual subjective motivation or purpose of an officer who makes a traffic stop. The officer may be, as were Detectives McBride and Barclay here, concerned only with catching a narcotics dealer. To that end, they may wait opportunistically for a traffic violation to occur and then pounce on that opportunity. What must never be forgotten, however, is that Whren establishes as an indispensable requirement that there be an actual, objectively measurable traffic violation. Absent an actual traffic infraction, the Whren scenario is never triggered.
What is unusual about this case is that the critical Whren issue is the objective occurrence of the triggering traffic infraction. Normally we are concerned with the scope or duration of an initially valid Whren stop.
The Shifting Lenses of Appellate Review
Both Detective McBride and Detective Barclay testified that they saw Funkhouser in the Jeep Wrangler exit the mall at a red light and make a right-hand turn onto Ritchie Highway without first coming to a complete stop. On that basis, they overtook and then stopped the Jeep Wrangler. Funkhouser, by diametric contrast, testified that what the detectives said was untrue. He testified that, because of heavy traffic coming down Ritchie Highway, he was stopped “for a good two minutes” before he was able to turn onto Ritchie Highway. If that were, indeed, the case, the traffic stop was objectively bad and everything that followed from it was the tainted “fruit of the poisonous tree.”
As we prepare to make our own independent constitutional appraisal of the second-level or conclusory issue of whether the traffic stop was objectively reasonable, we are faced with the familiar problem, but in an unusual posture, of which version of first-level facts from which to proceed. The detectives’ version yields a good stop; Funkhouser’s version yields a bad stop. The choice is that simple.
Had Judge Lerner made detailed findings of first-level facts, of course, it would be those findings we would accept, unless clearly erroneous. It was of this deference that we spoke in Charity v. State, 132 Md.App. at 606, 753 A.2d 556:
The one obvious qualification to or modification of a reviewing court’s acceptance of the version of the evidence most favorable to the prevailing party, of course, is with respect to findings of first-level fact actually made by the hearing judge. Except in rare cases of clear error, we give great deference to such findings of fact when actually made. The actual findings of fact made by the hearing judge, unless clearly erroneous, “trump” the version most favorable to the prevailing party to the extent to which they might be in conflict. Again, Judge Karwacki [in In re Tariq A-R-Y, 347 Md. 484, 488-89, 701 A.2d 691 (1997)] explained:
In considering the evidence presented at the suppression hearing, we extend great deference to the fact-finding of the suppression hearing judge with respect to determining the credibility of witnesses and to weighing and determining first-level facts. Riddick [v. State], 319 Md. [180] at 183, 571 A.2d [1239] at 1240. When conflicting evidence is presented, we accept the facts as found by the hearing judge unless it is shown that those findings were clearly erroneous.
When we, as in this case, however, do not have express findings of fact by the hearing judge to which to defer, we are-bound to take as true that version of the facts most favorable to the prevailing party. Again in the case of In re Tariq A-R-Y, 347 Md. at 488, 701 A.2d 691, Judge Karwacki explained:
We are further limited to considering only that evidence and the inferences therefrom that are most favorable to the prevailing party on the motion, in this instance the State. Riddick v. State, 319 Md. 180, 183, 571 A.2d 1239, 1240 (1990); see also Simpler v. State, 318 Md. 311, 312, 568 A.2d 22, 22 (1990).
See also Wilkes v. State, 364 Md. 554, 569, 774 A.2d 420 (2001) (‘We review the facts found by the trial court in the light most favorable to the prevailing party.”).
What is at least slightly unusual about this particular appellate review of a suppression ruling is the identification of the prevailing party. Of the suppression rulings that are appealed, nine times out of ten (if not 19 times out of 20) it is the State that is the prevailing party, with all the rights, honors and privileges thereto appertaining. In Whren situations, we typically accept as controlling the testimony of the stopping officer that he, indeed, observed the traffic violation that justified the stop. To the chagrin of defense counsel, we typically reject utterly the testimony of the defendant as if it had never been given. A classic statement of which version of facts will be accepted was given in Charity v. State, 132 Md.App. at 606, 753 A.2d 556:
At the suppression hearing in this case, for instance, the appellant himself testified, diametrically contrary to the testimony of Sergeant Lewis, 1) that he was not closely following any other automobile but was many car lengths behind the nearest vehicle and 2) that he was never asked to consent to a frisk of his person and never did consent. For present purposes, however, we treat that testimony as if it had never been given. Our ruling mil be based exclusively on the State’s most favorable version of the events.
(Emphasis supplied).
This is a valuable (nay, an indispensable) tool of appellate review, but it is a two-edged sword and those who are content frequently to live by that sword must also be prepared occasionally to die by that sword. The State, as more frequently than not the prevailing party, is routinely the beneficiary of that interpretative tilt but, as Macbeth once noted, occasionally “even-handed justice commends the ingredient of our poisoned chalice to our own lips.” Sometimes the roles are reversed. When the roles are reversed, the results are frequently reversed.
In this case, of course, it is Funkhouser who is the prevailing party. It is, therefore, his version of the alleged traffic infraction that we will accept as our factual predicate for deciding the ultimate Fourth Amendment proprieties. To the extent that it is contradicted by Funkhouser, the testimony of Detectives McBride and Barclay will be utterly disregarded as if it had never been given.
Under that version of the facts most favorable to Funkhouser, the initial traffic stop was bad because there was no basis for it. Not only had Funkhouser come to a complete stop, he remained stopped for approximately two minutes. It logically follows from that version of the facts that all of the sequelae of that unlawful stop were constitutionally tainted. The State does not even argue this issue of why we should accept a different version of the facts more favorable to it as the non-prevailing party, but glosses over the oft-expressed interpretive rule as if it did not exist. Judge Lerner was correct in suppressing the evidence.
In keeping with the theme we sounded at the very outset of the opinion, the lesson of this decision is that our resolution of the issue would have been a diametrically opposite one had the roles of appellant and appellee been reversed. The respective appellate postures of the parties, therefore, will frequently be controlling on such issues.
The Warrantless Automobile Search
Even if, however, we were to assume, purely arguendo, that the traffic stop had been objectively reasonable, the warrant-less search of the Jeep Wrangler that ensued shortly thereafter would still be fraught with crippling doctrinal problems. As a justification for the warrantless search, the State proffers but then drifts back and forth between two absolutely distinct theories.
A. A Consensual Search of the Vehicle
On the one hand, the State argues that Funkhouser voluntarily consented to the search of his vehicle. The request for consent and the alleged giving of consent was unquestionably timely in terms of occurring while the processing of the ostensible traffic violation was still operational. In the very act of first approaching Funkhouser and requesting his driver’s license and registration card, Detective McBride initiated the discussion with respect to consent to search the car. As Funkhouser was producing his license and registration, McBride told him that he was stopped for a traffic infraction involving the light at the parking lot.
McBride then asked Funkhouser “if he had any type of weapons, drugs, bombs, anything like that in the vehicle.” Funkhouser replied “No.” McBride then asked if Funkhouser would mind if McBride took a look inside Funkhouser’s vehicle. Funkhouser questioned why McBride wanted to look in his vehicle. McBride told Funkhouser: “It’s completely up to you whether I search your vehicle. Do you mind if I take a look?” Funkhouser replied: “No. Go ahead.” The State’s consent theory poses no problem in terms of its timeliness.
In another respect, however, the State’s consent theory runs afoul of the same problem that ensnaried the State’s attempt to establish the initial traffic infraction. The problem is that the version of the facts most favorable to the prevailing party is the one we must accept. Funkhouser, the prevailing party, testified that, when asked by Detective McBride if he minded whether the officer searched his vehicle, he replied, “Yes, I do mind.” Accepting as we must that version of first-level fact, we necessarily conclude that Funkhouser did not consent to the search of his vehicle. That theory of justification does not get off the ground.
Again, however, the State blithely recites Detective McBride’s testimony as if it were unquestioned historic fact and ignores the “trumping” reality that we look at the evidence through a very different lens on those occasions when the State happens not to be the prevailing party. The State seems to be in denial about being cast in the unaccustomed role of appellate underdog.
B. A Carroll Doctrine Search of the Vehicle
Detective McBride testified that he immediately informed the other officers that Funkhouser had given his consent to the search of the vehicle. Neither detective explained why, if they thought they had valid consent for a search, they did not proceed immediately with the search at that point. Indeed, immediately after Detective McBride announced to his fellow officers that he had obtained consent to search the car, he ordered Funkhouser out of the vehicle. That was for the express purpose of facilitating the search of the car’s interior. That step was taken before the drug-sniffing dog had even been removed from the police cruiser. Under Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106, 98 S.Ct. 330, 54 L.Ed.2d 331 (1977), on the other hand, the police would have needed no further justification beyond a valid traffic stop to have ordered Funkhouser out of the car. The consensual search that seemed imminent was inexplicably put “on hold.”
Instead, Detective McBride testified that he returned to the police cruiser to make a radio check on Funkhouser’s driving record and also to check for any outstanding warrants. After doing that, he brought out from his cruiser a trained and certified cocaine-sniffing canine and had the dog sniff the outside of the vehicle. The dog, after scanning the full circumference of the vehicle, made a positive alert at both the front driver’s side door and the front passenger’s side door. The search of the Jeep Wrangler did not begin until the canine “alert” was a fait accompli.
The officers were clearly trying to develop probable cause for a Carroll Doctrine search of the vehicle and that is the theory of justification that the State argues primarily. Consent, of course, has nothing to do with the Carroll Doctrine, and the intermittent references to consent do more to obscure than to clarify the State’s position. Analysis is best in cleanly differentiated, watertight compartments.
C. Did Probable Cause Accrue Before The Whren Traffic Stop Ceased To Be Operational?
The canine “alert,” as will be discussed more fully, was potentially very strong evidence in the State’s favor. A key question with respect to it, however, could be that of whether it was timely. As we probe for that precise borderline when the energizing force of the Whren-based traffic stop ran out and the ensuing narcotics investigation had to generate its own exclusive justification, we note that the canine “alert” on the vehicle came a number of minutes, possibly a critical number, after the timely request for consent to search the car. The State’s consent theory, even if otherwise flawed, was at least timely. The timeliness of the canine “alert,” however, cannot “piggyback” on the timeliness of the request for consent. It demands a separate and distinct analysis.
Unlike both of the parties, who seem to be concentrating on the lapses of time between the initial stop and 1) the completion of the car search or 2) the search of Funkhouser’s fanny pack, we think the critical passage of time was that between the initial stop and the first “alert” by the cocaine-sniffing dog. That “alert” was the moment when the criminal phase of the case took on a viable life of its own. Until that point, the reasonably diligent processing of the traffic violation had to be relied on to justify the detention.
In view of Detective McBride’s acknowledgment that it normally would take him “about three or four minutes” to write a traffic ticket, the question of whether the reasonable processing of the traffic infraction stretched far enough to embrace and to legitimate the dog sniff of the Jeep Wrangler is problematic. McBride’s testimony was that the canine “alert” came approximately five or six minutes after the initiation of the traffic stop.
By way of emphasizing the earlier lesson, let it be noted in this regard that if the State had been the prevailing party, a viewing of the evidence in the light most favorable to it would have rendered these extra few minutes now being discussed negligible and the State would almost certainly have prevailed on any challenge to the timeliness of the “alert.” See Wilkes v. State, 364 Md. 554, 570-84, 774 A.2d 420 (2001) (In Wilkes, the State was the prevailing party). When viewing the same additional minutes in the light most favorable to Funkhouser, by contrast, the result will by no means necessarily be the same. This shifting in a reviewing court’s perspective is akin to looking through opposite ends of a telescope. One way of looking at things magnifies; the other miniaturizes. It makes a critical difference, therefore, which side on a given occasion enjoys the advantage of having us view the critical confrontation through its end of the telescope.
Detective McBride, for instance, testified that he got back in his police car to radio in his request for a records check. If that were true, it would clearly have justified some additional delay in processing the traffic stop. Funkhouser, on the other hand, testified that Detective McBride did not get back into the car or talk on the radio. The issue here, therefore, would be not how long it took to do a reasonable records check but whether, in fact, a records check was ever actually made. This is the quintessential type of factual ambiguity that would be resolved in the State’s favor were it the prevailing party but in this case will be resolved in Funkhouser’s favor because he is the prevailing party.
It would, of course, have been fatal to the State’s case if the Whren-based justification for the detention had evaporated before the canine “alert” supervened. As Chief Judge Murphy explained for this Court in Pryor v. State, 122 Md.App. 671, 674-75, 716 A.2d 338 (1998):
We hold that, unless continued detention can be justified by what occurs during the brief period of time it takes to determine whether the motorist has a valid license and whether the vehicle has been reported stolen, a motorist who is subjected to a “Whren stop” for a minor traffic violation cannot be detained at the scene of the stop longer than it takes — or reasonably should take — to issue a citation for the traffic violation that the motorist committed.
See also Charity v. State, 132 Md.App at 614-15, 753 A.2d 556; Whitehead v. State, 116 Md.App. 497, 503, 698 A.2d 1115 (1997); Munafo v. State, 105 Md.App. 662, 673, 660 A.2d 1068 (1995).
On this issue, however, we will again assume, purely arguendo, that the dog sniff, which pumped independent viability into the criminal investigation, was operational before the processing of the traffic stop had been totally drained of constitutional vitality.
D. Probable Cause For A Carroll Doctrine Search
As to both the legitimacy of the canine investigation (if timely) and its probable-cause-generating significance, we fully agree with the State’s arguments.
The smelling or sniffing of the exterior surface of an otherwise protected repository (automobile, suitcase, locker, etc.) is not a “search” within the contemplation of the Fourth Amendment. It, therefore, needed no justification. United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696, 707, 103 S.Ct. 2637, 77 L.Ed.2d 110 (1983); cf. United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109, 124, 104 S.Ct. 1652, 80 L.Ed.2d 85 (1984). And see Wilkes v. State, 364 Md. 554, 580-82, 774 A.2d 420 (2001). The only thing that needed justification was the detention of the Jeep Wrangler for enough time so that it would still be in place to be sniffed. Gadson v. State, 341 Md. 1, 20-21, 668 A.2d 22 (1995).
In this case there was no disputing the olfactory expertise of the trained and certified cocaine-sniffing canine. When a qualified dog signals to its handler that narcotics are in a vehicle, moreover, that is ipso facto probable cause to justify a warrantless Carroll Doctrine search of the vehicle. Wilkes v. State, 364 Md. at 586-87, 774 A.2d 420; Gadson v. State, 341 Md. at 8, 668 A.2d 22; Timmons v. State, 114 Md.App. 410, 417, 690 A.2d 530 (1997); In Re Montrail M., 87 Md.App. 420, 437, 589 A.2d 1318 (1991); Snow v. State, 84 Md.App. 243, 248, 578 A.2d 816 (1990).
If, therefore, 1) we were to assume that the traffic stop had been objectively reasonable and 2) we were also to assume that the processing of the traffic violation was still in progress when the dog “alerted” to the car, the subsequent warrantless search of the vehicle was reasonable. In and of itself, however, that yields the State nothing. The Jeep Wrangler was searched twice. No narcotics were discovered.
E. The Scope Of The Carroll Doctrine Search
When the searches of the Wrangler proved unproductive, the detectives turned their attention to Funkhouser himself, who was walking around, unrestrained, outside the vehicle. He was wearing a “fanny pack,” buckled around his waist. Detective Barclay physically removed the “fanny pack” from Funkhouser’s person. He unzipped it and searched it, finding what he believed to be cocaine. At the suppression hearing, attention focused on the State’s proffered justification for seizing the pack from Funkhouser’s person and searching it. Judge Lerner inquired, “What right did they have to take [the] pouch?”
The only theory of justification advanced by the State was that Funkhouser, by virtue of his recent presence in the vehicle, was for Carroll Doctrine purposes a mere extension of the vehicle. The only exception to the warrant requirement argued, or even mentioned, by the State was the Carroll Doctrine, amplified by this arguable geographic expansion of its permissible search perimeter. The State argued that Funkhouser’s “presence in that car seconds before the dog scanned is included in that probable cause, in that odor that the dog is alerting on.” The State’s line of argument was clear: “So, in this case the Defendant is an extension of the car.” (Emphasis supplied). The State seemed to be arguing that Funkhouser, albeit actually outside the car, was constructively still in the car: “Merely because he happened to be standing at the back of the car rather than in the car, [the detectives] get to search the Defendant because he is, you know, in the car.”
Despite the creativity of the State’s position, there is no case, state or federal, that has ever stretched the perimeter of a Carroll Doctrine search to embrace a former occupant of a vehicle who is at the moment of search already outside the vehicle. There has never been a Carroll Doctrine search of a person. The State conceded that it “did not have a case to cite” but argued that it was “asking this Court to take the common sense approach.” Indeed, in its appellate brief the State argued to us:
Although none of the above cases specifically addressed whether the alert of a drug detection dog to the passenger compartment of a car establishes probable cause to search the occupants of the car, that is a logical conclusion. This is especially so given the circumstances of this case, where the dog gave a strong alert to the driver’s seat area of the car. For the purpose of searching for drugs contained in that area of the car, it would be unreasonable to distinguish between the interior of the vehicle and the driver and sole occupant.
(Emphasis in original and emphasis supplied). In terms of probable cause, there might be no reasonable distinction between a car and its driver. In terms of the degree of protection conferred by the Fourth Amendment, however, there is a very real distinction between an automobile and a human being.
The State’s appeal to common sense is an argument eerily reminiscent of United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581, 586, 68 S.Ct. 222, 92 L.Ed. 210 (1948), where the prosecution unsuccessfully urged on the Supreme Court precisely the proposition the State is now urging on us:
Assuming, however, without deciding, that there was reasonable cause for searching the car, did it confer an incidental right to search Di Re? It is admitted by the Government that there is no authority to that effect, either in the statute or in precedent decision of this Court, but we are asked to extend the assumed right of car search to Include the person of occupants because “common sense demands that such right exist in a case such as this where the contraband sought is a small article which could easily be concealed on the person.”
(Emphasis supplied).
In United States v. Di Re it was assumed, arguendo, that there was probable cause to believe that contraband documents were in an automobile in which Di Re had been present as one of its three occupants. The government’s claim was indistinguishable from the State’s claim in this case:
The claim is that officers have the right, without a warrant, to search any car which they have reasonable cause to believe carries contraband, and incidentally may search any occupant of such car when the contraband sought is of a character that might be concealed on the person.
332 U.S. at 584, 68 S.Ct. 222 (emphasis supplied). The Supreme Court refused to construe the Carroll Doctrine’s range of permissible searching as being intrusive enough to permit the search of occupants of the car:
We see no ground for expanding the ruling in the Carroll case to justify this ... search as incident to the search of a car. We are not convinced that a person, by mere presence in a suspected car, loses immunities from search of his person to which he would otherwise be entitled.
332 U.S. at 587, 68 S.Ct. 222.
The State might have argued, but did not, that stretching the Carroll Doctrine search perimeter to include a container that had shortly before been in the car is analytically distinct from stretching the search perimeter to include a person who had shortly before been in the car. It could have sought to analyze the “fanny pack” in a vacuum, as something distinct from and unconnected with the person wearing the “fanny pack.” In Wyoming v. Houghton, 526 U.S. 295, 119 S.Ct. 1297, 143 L.Ed.2d 408 (1999), to be sure, the vulnerability to warrantless search of a container — in that case, a woman’s purse — was deemed to be analytically distinct from the vulnerability to warrantless search of the person who was the owner of the container.
In terms of all of the critical criteria, however, Wyoming v. Houghton and this case are totally unlike each other. In Wyoming v. Houghton there was probable cause to search an automobile for contraband drugs. Sandra Houghton had been one of three occupants of the car and had been a passenger in the front seat. All three of the occupants were removed from the car before the Carroll Doctrine search of the car took place. Sandra Houghton’s purse was sitting on the back seat when the car was searched. It was not attached to her body and was not being held by her in any way. It was searched just as the rest of the automobile was searched. It contained contraband drugs.
The holding of Wyoming v. Houghton is that a container 1) sitting on its own 2) in an automobile is just as vulnerable to a warrantless automobile search as any other part of the automobile in which the suspected evidence might be lurking. The first requirement, clearly not satisfied in the case now before us, is that the container, in fact, be inside the automobile when the automobile is searched. “This case presents the question whether police officers violate the Fourth Amendment when they search a passenger’s personal belongings INSIDE AN AUTOMOBILE.” 526 U.S. at 297, 119 S.Ct. 1297 (emphasis supplied). “[T]he Framers would have regarded as reasonable (if there was probable cause) the warrantless search of containers WITHIN AN AUTOMOBILE.” Id. at 300, 119 S.Ct. 1297 (emphasis supplied). “We hold that police officers with probable cause to search a car may inspect passengers’ belongings FOUND IN THE CAR that are capable of concealing the object of the search.” Id. at 307, 119 S.Ct. 1297 (emphasis supplied).
See also California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565, 572, 111 S.Ct. 1982, 114 L.Ed.2d 619 (1991) (“This Court in [United States v.] Ross[, 456 U.S. 798, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572] took the critical step of saying that closed containers IN CARS could be searched without a warrant because of THEIR PRESENCE WITHIN THE AUTOMOBILE.” (Emphasis supplied)); United States v. Johns, 469 U.S. 478, 479-80, 105 S.Ct. 881, 83 L.Ed.2d 890 (1985) (“Ross ‘held that if police officers have probable cause to search a lawfully stopped vehicle, they may conduct a warrantless search of any container FOUND INSIDE that may conceal the object of the search.’ ”) (emphasis supplied). Wyoming v. Houghton, 526 U.S. at 301, 119 S.Ct. 1297 characterized Ross as “applying broadly to all containers WITHIN A CAR.” (Emphasis supplied).
The “fanny pack” in this case was not inside the Jeep Wrangler during the Carroll Doctrine search of the Wrangler. Had it been and had it not been attached to the body of Funkhouser, it would unquestionably have been vulnerable to a warrantless search under Wyoming v. Houghton and United States v. Ross. Neither of those criteria, however, was satisfied.
It is the second of those two qualifying criteria that is implicit in Justice Scalia’s majority opinion in Wyoming v. Houghton but is fleshed out more articulately in the concurring opinion of Justice Breyer, who explained, 526 U.S. at 308, 119 S.Ct. 1297:
Obviously, the rule applies only to automobile searches. Equally obviously, the rule applies only to containers found within automobiles. And it does not extend to the search of a person found in that automobile. As the Court notes, and as United States v. Di Re, makes clear, the search of a person, including even “ ‘a limited search of the outer clothing, is a very different matter in respect to which the law provides “significantly heightened protection.”
(Emphasis supplied).
Justice Breyer emphasized that because of the physical separation between the purse and the owner of the purse, the Fourth Amendment status of the purse under the circumstances of the case was that of a mere container and it could not be construed, as it might be in other circumstances, as constituting part of the outer clothing and, therefore, part of the person of the owner.
Less obviously, but in my view also important, is the fact that the container here at issue, a woman’s purse, was found at a considerable distance from its owner.... I can say that it would matter if a woman’s purse, like a man’s billfold, were attached to her person. It might then amount to a kind of “outer clothing,” Terry v. Ohio, supra, [392 U.S. 1] at 24, [88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889] which under the Court’s cases would properly receive increased protection. In this case, the purse was separate from the person----
526 U.S. at 308, 119 S.Ct. 1297 (emphasis supplied).
In this case, the “fanny pack,” strapped around the waist of Funkhouser, was as much a part of Funkhouser’s outer clothing as was the overcoat worn by John Terry in Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 24-25, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968). It was as intimately a part of his person as would have been a money belt strapped around his waist, a wallet in his pocket, or a woman’s purse actually being held in the hand of its owner. As Justice Scalia noted in the majority opinion:
And if the dissent thinks “pockets” and “clothing” do not count as part of the person, it must believe that the only-searches of the person are strip searches.
526 U.S. at 303 n. 1, 119 S.Ct. 1297.
Under no stretch of the imagination could the warrantless seizure and subsequent search of the “fanny pack” be held to fall within the scope of a Carroll Doctrine search of the Jeep Wrangler or even to be an independent “container exception” search pursuant to whatever vitality may still remain in United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1, 97 S.Ct. 2476, 53 L.Ed.2d 538 (1977) or Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 U.S. 753, 99 S.Ct. 2586, 61 L.Ed.2d 235 (1979).
Search Incident to Lawful Arrest
On appeal the State now advances an additional theory of Fourth Amendment justification that it had not advanced before Judge Lerner at the suppression hearing. It now claims that the same probable cause that justified the Carroll Doctrine search of the Jeep Wrangler was, ipso facto, probable cause to arrest Funkhouser and that the search of Funkhouser’s person, including the “fanny pack,” was a search incident to lawful arrest. It is an interesting theory, but there are impediments.
A. The Preservation Problem
What could be, if not overlooked by us, a foreclosing impediment would be the State’s failure to have preserved its argument on this issue for appellate review. Although most of the discussion in the case law of the preservation requirement is couched in terms of the obligation of a party objecting to the admissibility of evidence to state with specificity the grounds for the objection, by parity of reasoning the same obligation is on a party required to advance and argue grounds for admissibility. The general rule for preserving a particular argument for appellate review was well stated by Judge Harrell in Anderson v. Litzenberg, 115 Md.App. 549, 569, 694 A.2d 150 (1997):
A corollary to the aforementioned axiom addresses the specificity of objections raised at trial concerning the admission or exclusion of evidence. ... [Cjounsel may state with particularity the grounds for an objection, either voluntarily or at the trial judge’s request. If counsel provides the trial judge with specific grounds for an objection, the litigant may raise on appeal only those grounds actually presented to the trial judge. All other grounds for the objection, including those appearing for the first time in a party’s appellate brief, are deemed waived.
(Emphasis supplied).
In this case, it was Funkhouser who initially objected to the admission of physical evidence when he filed his pre-trial Motion to Suppress. Once he established, however, that the contraband in question had been taken from him in the course of a warrantless search and seizure, the obligation devolved upon the State to justify its departure from the warrant requirement. It was the State that had to satisfy Judge Lemer that the warrantless search was somehow justified. Judge Lerner, moreover, demanded specificity:
What right did they [the police] have to take [the] pouch?
The State advanced and argued the theory that there was probable cause for a Carroll Doctrine search of the Jeep Wrangler and that “the Defendant is an extension of the car.” The exception to the warrant requirement for a search incident to lawful arrest was never mentioned, let alone argued. To couch this obligation in more routine procedural terms, it was the State that was objecting, on very specific grounds, to the exclusion of evidence.
The State, in effect, was objecting to the exclusion of evidence on the specific ground that its warrantless seizure was justified by the Carroll Doctrine. The words of Judge Orth in State v. Kidd, 281 Md. 32, 39, 375 A.2d 1105 (1977), are highly pertinent:
“On the other hand, where the trial court does request specific grounds for an objection, the objector is bound by the grounds he states, and he normally is deemed to have waived any objection to the evidence on a ground not stated.” This principle was extended by judicial decision, so that “where one objecting to the admission of evidence, although not requested by the court to state his grounds, goes ahead and delineates specific grounds for his objection he will be bound by those grounds and will ordinarily be deemed to have waived other grounds not mentioned.”
In Chertkof v. Dept. of Natural Resources, 43 Md.App. 10, 16, 402 A.2d 1315 (1979), Judge Liss clearly related the preservation requirement to theories of argument:
[E]ven if Smith were applicable, the appellant would be precluded from raising a theory in this appeal upon which it now relies for the first time. We have said innumerable times that except under unusual circumstances, we will abide by Maryland Rule 1085 which says, “This Court will not ordinarily decide any point or question which plainly does not appear by the record to have been tried and decided by the lower court.” To permit appellant ... to raise an entirely new theory which was never espoused at any point ... would make a mockery of the appellate process. A petitioner is bound to the theory he elects to pursue at trial.
(Emphasis supplied). See also Cooper v. State, 128 Md.App. 257, 267, 737 A.2d 613 (1999); Anthony v. State, 117 Md.App. 119, 126, 699 A.2d 505 (1997); Harmony v. State, 88 Md.App. 306, 316-17, 594 A.2d 1182 (1991); Dillsworth v. State, 66 Md.App. 263, 268, 503 A.2d 734 (1986) (“As this theory was not advanced below, it is not preserved for our review.”).
Because a judge may be right for the wrong reason and will therefore be affirmed, Robinson v. State, 17 Md.App. 451, 459, 302 A.2d 659 (1973), does not imply that a judge might be wrong for the wrong (or unspoken) reason and will therefore be reversed. One of the undergirding principles of the preservation requirement is that a trial judge will not be “sandbagged” by an issue that was not squarely raised. With rare exceptions not here pertinent, a judge will never be deemed to have been in error for having failed to consider sua sponte a question or argument or theory not presented to him for consideration.
Judge Lerner was never called upon to make any decision with respect to a search incident to lawful arrest. It is with a certain ill grace that the State now argues that he was in error and should be reversed for having failed to raise sua sponte on the State’s behalf and then to decide in the State’s favor a Fourth Amendment issue that the State never asked him to decide.
Because in this case, however, we are desirous of expatiating on the subject of search incident to lawful arrest by way of considered dicta, we will not be constrained by the non-preservation of the issue. Indeed, as a motivation for sometimes overlooking the preservation requirement, we have noted that the “interpreting and molding of the law is as weighty a consideration in appellate councils as is the correction of error in individual cases.” Austin v. State, 90 Md.App. 254, 271, 600 A.2d 1142 (1992). More important, although we may be commenting on a non-preserved issue, we most definitely are not deciding the case on the basis of a non-preserved issue.
B. Probable Cause For A Warrantless Arrest
Given the arguendo assumptions we have already made, if there had been a warrantless arrest of Funkhouser in this case, we agree with the State that it would have been a lawful arrest. More precisely, we agree that the detectives on the scene had probable cause to believe that Funkhouser was in unlawful possession of contraband drugs.
The State recites the additional facts that after the initial canine “alert” on the exterior of the Jeep Wrangler, the canine, as part of the Carroll Doctrine search team, was invited to enter the vehicle. Once inside, the canine directed attention to the driver’s seat as the epicenter of recent drug concentration. The other post-“alert” factor was that the Carroll Doctrine search revealed that the drugs, which probably had been in the car, were no longer there. Both of those factors heightened the likelihood that the drags were on Funkhouser. That heightened or incremental suspicion was, however, superfluous.
The probable cause developed by the initial canine “alert” was at one and the same time probable cause to believe both 1) that drugs were probably then in the car and 2) that its driver and sole occupant probably was then or recently had been in unlawful possession of those drags.
The legal conclusions to which probable cause points are, albeit frequently related, slightly different in the cases of a warrantless automobile search and a warrantless arrest. One concerns a crime by a person; the other concerns evidence in a place. The factual predicate for those respective conclusions was, however, identical in this particular case.
In terms of quantifiable probability, moreover, the probable cause for a Carroll Doctrine search is the same as the probable cause for a warrantless arrest. Whatever the possible occurrence or circumstance, the likelihood of which we are assessing, probable cause itself is a constant. It does not take more probable cause to support a warrantless arrest than it does to support a warrantless automobile search. The classic Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 69 S.Ct. 1302, 93 L.Ed. 1879 (1949), definition of probable cause is used for both conclusions alike, with no distinction made between the predicate for an automobile search and the predicate for a lawful arrest. Although the closely related predicates may sometimes differ slightly in terms of qualitative content or substance, they do not differ quantitatively in terms of degree of their probability. The measure of likelihood is the same.
In this case, the canine “alert” could have provided, all else being assumed to have been constitutional, a double justification for two related but separate and distinct Fourth Amendment events. The police not only had probable cause to search the Jeep Wrangler; they also had probable cause to arrest Funkhouser as its driver and lone occupant.
In Ricks v. State, 322 Md. 183, 586 A.2d 740 (1991), a positive “alert” by a trained canine was considered to be probable cause to arrest the possessor of the luggage.
Ricks does not contest the intermediate appellate court’s determination, which affirmed the trial court’s denial of the motion to suppress, that his arrest was supported by the requisite probable cause. Indeed, at oral argument before us, Ricks conceded that he was lawfully arrested, at least at the point when the dog scratched his bag, indicating that it contained narcotics.
322 Md. at 188, 586 A.2d 740 (emphasis supplied).
Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491, 506-07, 103 S.Ct. 1319, 75 L.Ed.2d 229 (1983), expressly discussed both the legitimacy and the probable-cause-generating significance of a canine “alert”:
The courts are not strangers to the use of trained dogs to detect the presence of controlled substances in luggage. There is no indication here that this means was not feasible and available. If it had been used, Royer and his luggage could have been momentarily detained while this investigative procedure was carried out. Indeed, it may be that no detention at all would have been necessary. A negative result would have freed Royer in short order; a positive result would have resulted in his justifiable arrest on probable cause.
(Emphasis supplied).
In Wilkes v. State, 364 Md. 554, 774 A.2d 420 (2001), Judge Cathell, after holding that a canine “alert” had supplied probable cause to justify a warrantless automobile search, surmised that it might ipso facto support a warrantless arrest as well:
Moreover, some jurisdictions have held that once a drug dog has alerted the trooper to the presence of illegal drugs in a vehicle, sufficient probable cause existed to support a warrantless arrest.
364 Md. at 587 n. 24, 774 A.2d 420.
He cited, with implicit approval, three cases from the federal circuit courts. United States v. Klinginsmith, 25 F.3d 1507, 1510 (10th Cir.1994), had no difficulty reaching this conclusion:
[W]hen the canine “alerted” to the vehicle, the district court held that the officers had probable cause to arrest the defendants and effect an immediate search under the automobile exception to the search warrant requirement.
We agree completely with the district court’s analysis of this matter.... [W]hen the dog “alerted,” there was probable cause to arrest Magee and Klinginsmith.
(Emphasis supplied). United States v. Williams, 726 F.2d 661, 663 (10th Cir.1984), reached the same conclusion:
Defendant’s argument that probable cause for his arrest did not exist because the ticket agent lacked training in the drug courier profile fails because defendant ignores that a drug sniffing dog’s detection of contraband in luggage “itself establishes] probable cause, enough for the arrest, more than enough for the stop.”
(Emphasis supplied).
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held to the same effect in United States v. Waltzer, 682 F.2d 370 (2d Cir.1982). Waltzer was traveling from Fort Lauder-dale, Florida, to New York City. A trained canine, “Kane,” alerted on two pieces of luggage upon its arrival at Kennedy Airport. When Waltzer retrieved the luggage from the baggage carousel, he was immediately arrested. The Second Circuit held that probable cause had been shown to justify the warrantless arrest.
We regard the dog’s designation of the luggage as itself establishing probable cause, enough for the arrest.... Canine identification is a non-intrusive, discriminating and, in cases such as Kane, reliable method of identifying packages containing narcotics.... Where designation by a dog with a record of accuracy occurs, therefore, we hold that probable cause has been established as to the person possessing the luggage.
682 F.2d at 372-73 (emphasis supplied).
United States v. Garcia, 52 F.Supp.2d 1239 (D.Kan.1999), also lends strong support for our conclusion in this regard. On a rural Kansas highway two vehicles, traveling in apparent convoy, were stopped for speeding violations. After a trained canine finally arrived at the scene and made a pertinent “alert” on both vehicles, the occupants of both vehicles were arrested. With respect to the constitutionality of the warrant-less arrests, the court concluded:
Even in the absence of the other information known by the troopers, once the drug dog alerted on the two vehicles, the troopers had probable cause to arrest Garcia and the other occupants of the two vehicles.
52 F.Supp.2d at 1253 (emphasis supplied).
C. The Arrest As An Actuality, Not A Potentiality
Probable cause to make an arrest, however, is a far doctrinal cry from the arrest itself; the antecedent justification for an event is not the event itself. The Fourth Amendment significance of an arrest, as the trigger for a warrantless search incident, is not the accumulation of data in the mind of an officer; it is the change in the legal status of the person arrested. What matters is an actuality, not a potentiality. We need to remind ourselves periodically of the precise thing to which a “search incident” is incident. It is, of course, incident to a lawful arrest.
Of the firmly rooted exceptions to the warrant requirement, a search incident to lawful arrest is the only one that authorizes a full-blown search of a person for the purpose of discovering evidence. (The frisk component of a stop-and-frisk authorizes the pat-down of the clothing surface for the limited purpose of detecting the presence of a weapon.) Probable cause to believe that a person is carrying evidence does not justify a warrantless search of the person any more than probable cause to believe a home contains evidence justifies a warrantless search of a home. Only places or things enjoying a lesser expectation of privacy, such as automobiles, are vulnerable to probable-cause-based warrantless searches for the purpose of discovering and seizing evidence of crime.
That the police have probable cause for a lawful arrest of a person does not in and of itself justify a warrant-less search of that person. The search must be incident to an arrest itself. It may not be incident merely to good cause to make an arrest. The existence of an unserved warrant of arrest, for instance, would not justify a warrantless search of a person who is not actually arrested. As this Court observed in DiPasquale v. State, 43 Md.App. 574, 577, 406 A.2d 665 (1979):
That the facts here might have established probable cause for an arrest of the appellant, even before the baggie was seized, and for a good search incident thereto which would have produced the baggie is beside the point. No arrest was made until after the seizure and the arrest was predicated on the observation of the thing seized.
(Emphasis supplied). And see Dixon v. State, 23 Md.App. 19, 26, 327 A.2d 516 (1974) (“At the very threshold of search incident theory, the search must be incident not merely to an arrest but to a lawful arrest.”).
As early as Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383, 392, 34 S.Ct. 341, 58 L.Ed. 652 (1914), the Supreme Court confirmed the right of the police, “always recognized under English and American law, to search the person of the accused when legally arrested to discovery and seize the fruits or evidences of crime.” (Emphasis supplied). And see Agnello v. United States, 269 U.S. 20, 30, 46 S.Ct. 4, 70 L.Ed. 145 (1925) (“... the right ... to search persons lawfully arrested ____”) (Emphasis supplied). A seminal “search incident” opinion was Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 762-63, 89 S.Ct. 2034, 23 L.Ed.2d 685 (1969), which explained the twin reasons for the warrantless search prerogative once a suspect has been placed under arrest:
“When an arrest is made, it is reasonable for the arresting officer to search the person arrested in order to remove any weapons that the latter might seek to use in order to resist arrest or effect his escape. Otherwise, the officer’s safety might well be endangered, and the arrest itself frustrated. In addition, it is entirely reasonable for the arresting officer to search for and seize any evidence on the arrestee’s person in order to prevent its concealment or destruction.”
(Emphasis supplied).
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 25-26, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) elaborated on the difference between a mere detention of a person, which would at most give rise to a right to “frisk” for suspected weapons, and a formal arrest, which gives rise to the right to make a full-blown search as an incident of that arrest.
“... An arrest is a wholly different kind of intrusion upon individual freedom from a limited search for weapons, and the interests each is designed to serve are likewise quite different. An arrest is the initial stage of a criminal prosecution. It is intended to vindicate society’s interest in having its laws obeyed, and it is inevitably accompanied by future interference with the individual’s freedom, of movement, whether or not trial or conviction ultimately follows .... ”
(Emphasis supplied).
A key opinion regularly looked to by the Supreme Court as authority on “search incident” law was that of the Court of Appeals of New York in People v. Chiagles, 237 N.Y. 193, 197, 142 N.E. 583, 584 (1923), in which then Judge Benjamin Cardozo explained that the police prerogative of making a warrantless search incident arises when “the law is in the act of subjecting the body of the accused to its physical dominion.”
United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 94 S.Ct. 467, 38 L.Ed.2d 427 (1973) repeatedly referred to the necessary predicate for a warrantless search incident as being not only an actual arrest but as, moreover, “a lawful custodial arrest.” 414 U.S. at 234, 235, 236, 94 S.Ct. 467. The opinion referred to the increased danger emanating from the formal arresting of a suspect.
It is scarcely open to doubt that the danger to an officer is far greater in the case of the extended exposure which follows the taking of a suspect into custody and transporting him to the police station than in the case of the relatively fleeting contact resulting from the typical Terry-type stop. This is an adequate basis for treating all custodial arrests alike for purposes of search justification.
414 U.S. at 234-35, 94 S.Ct. 467 (emphasis supplied).
United States v. Robinson explained that it is the placing of a person under arrest itself that is the significant Fourth Amendment intrusion and the ensuing search incident is merely an attendant consequence of that intrusion.
A custodial arrest of a suspect based on probable cause is a reasonable intrusion under the Fourth Amendment; that intrusion being lawful, a search incident to the arrest requires no additional justification. It is the fact of the lawful arrest which establishes the authority to search, and we hold that in the case of a lawful custodial arrest a full search of the person is not only an exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment, but is also a “reasonable” search under that Amendment.
414 U.S. at 235, 94 S.Ct. 467 (emphasis supplied).
The State is taking exactly the same position before us as that taken by the State of Iowa before the Supreme Court in Knowles v. Iowa, 525 U.S. 113, 119 S.Ct. 484, 142 L.Ed.2d 492 (1998). The Iowa police had both probable cause and lawful authority to make a custodial arrest of Knowles for a speeding violation. Although armed with full justification to arrest Knowles, the police did not arrest him. Instead, they followed “the far more usual practice of issuing a citation in lieu of arrest or in lieu of continued custody after an initial arrest.” 525 U.S. at 115, 119 S.Ct. 484. Iowa statutory law, however, authorized the officers “to conduct a full-blown search of an automobile and driver in those cases where police elect not to make a custodial arrest and instead issue a citation — that is, a search incident to citation.” Id. They made such a search and found narcotics.
Knowles’s position there was akin to what would be Funkhouser’s back-up position here:
Knowles moved to suppress the evidence so obtained. He argued that the search could not be sustained under the “search incident to arrest” exception recognized in United States v. Robinson, because he had not been placed under arrest.
525 U.S. at 114, 119 S.Ct. 484 (emphasis supplied).
The Supreme Court of Iowa took the position urged by the State before us. 569 N.W.2d 601 (1997). It affirmed the legitimacy of the warrantless search, “reasoning that so long as the arresting officer had probable cause to make a custodial arrest, there need not in fact have been a custodial arrest.” 525 U.S. at 115-16, 119 S.Ct. 484. The Supreme Court of the United States reversed the Iowa decision. It “noted the two historical rationales for the ‘search incident to arrest’ exception,” 525 U.S. at 116, 119 S.Ct. 484, and then, quoting United States v. Robinson, held that “the danger to the police officer flows from the fact of the arrest, and its attendant proximity, stress, and uncertainty, and not from the grounds for arrest.” 525 U.S. at 117, 119 S.Ct. 484. Only a custodial arrest will support a warrantless search incident.
It is axiomatic that a search incident to lawful arrest is absolutely dependent on the fact of an actual arrest. In this regard, we noted in Evans v. State, 113 Md.App. 347, 349-50, 688 A.2d 28 (1997), rev’d on other grounds by State v. Evans, 352 Md. 496, 723 A.2d 423 (1999):
Our first concern will be with the constitutional requirements of a search incident to lawful arrest. With respect to that exception, most of the case law has been concerned with the permitted scope, both extensive and intensive, of a search incident. Our concern in this case, however, is with the more neglected question of what is the required predicate to initiate a warrantless search incident in the first instance, regardless of what its ultimate scope may be. The simple answer inheres in the very name of the exception itself. There is no such constitutional entity as a reasonable search incident to an unlawful arrest. There is no constitutional entity as a reasonable search incident to a non-arrest. There is only a “search incident to a (1) lawful (2) arrest.”
(Emphasis supplied).
In the Evans case, the Court of Appeals reversed the Court of Special Appeals, but did so only on the issue of whether an undergirding arrest had actually been made. The Court of Special Appeals had held that no undergirding arrest had actually been made. The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that an undergirding arrest had, indeed, been made. Both courts were in agreement, however, that there can be no search incident without an undergirding arrest. Judge Raker’s opinion, 352 Md. at 512, 723 A.2d 423, made it clear that the issue before the Court in Evans was whether, under Maryland law, arrests had actually been made:
The threshold issue in these cases, however, is not whether the police had the legal authority to arrest Evans and Sykes-Bey but whether the initial detentions of Respondents constituted arrests under Maryland law.
The Court of Appeals concluded, 352 Md. at 515, 723 A.2d 423, that actual arrests had, indeed, been made:
It is thus beyond question that the initial detentions of Respondents rose to the level of a physical restraint or a subjugation to police custody and control. We therefore conclude that the initial detentions of Respondents by the police constituted arrests.
Judge Raker’s opinion left no doubt that an actual arrest is an indispensable prerequisite for a warrantless search incident to lawful airest:
It might thus be stated that the sole prerequisite for application of “the search incident to lawful arrest” exception is the existence of a lawful arrest. The Supreme Court itself has articulated no greater a standard: “The fact of a lawful arrest, standing alone, authorizes a search.”
352 Md. at 518, 723 A.2d 423 (emphasis supplied). The Court of Appeals concluded, 352 Md. at 519, 723 A.2d 423:
[0]ur earlier holding that the initial detentions of Respondents constituted lawful arrests under Maryland law should be dispositive of the search incident issue: given the existence of a valid arrest, the officers were constitutionally permitted under Robinson and its progeny, as well as our own precedent, to conduct full searches of Evans and Sykes-Bey.
(Emphasis supplied).
Speaking through Chief Judge Murphy, the Court of Appeals had earlier squarely held in Bouldin v. State, 276 Md. 511, 515-16, 350 A.2d 130 (1976), that it is the arrest, not the right to arrest, that justifies a warrantless search incident.
Of course, the right to arrest is not equivalent to making an arrest; the record must satisfactorily demonstrate that an arrest was in fact consummated before a warrantless search incident thereto may be found to be lawful.
(Emphasis supplied).
D. The Difference Between “Incidental” and “Essentially Contemporaneous”
For a search to be an incident of an arrest, it need not literally follow the arrest. If an officer has determined to make an arrest, the search incident is simply an aspect of the arresting prerogative. It is one part of an omnibus tactical maneuver. Because of the potential exigencies of a police-citizen confrontation, the process of 1) disarming the arrestee and 2) preempting destructible evidence a) may proceed simultaneously with the act of arresting or b) may even precede it by a moment or two. This departure from more routine sequencing does not destroy the search’s character as an aspect or incident of the arrest it merely supports and accompanies.
The temporal latitude that we extend to incidental searches that are “essentially contemporaneous,” however, does not dictate embracing antecedent searches that, albeit essentially contemporaneous, are nonetheless not incidental. An arrest that is made on the basis of what the search recovers will never be constitutional no matter how instantaneously it may follow the search. As Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 63, 88 S.Ct. 1889, 20 L.Ed.2d 917 (1968) clearly stated, “It is axiomatic that an incident search may not precede an arrest and serve as part of its justification.” We explained this in Anderson v. State, 78 Md.App. 471, 480-81, 553 A.2d 1296 (1989):
At the most fundamental level, the exception, by its very name as well as by its Raison d’etre, is “search incident to arrest” and not “arrest incident to search.” Although the precise sequence between the incidental search and the arrest is not of critical importance, the cause-and-effect relationship is.
The State seeks to avoid the foreclosing effect of no arrest having been made by arguing that the arrest followed the search almost immediately thereafter and was, therefore, “essentially contemporaneous” as if that tight sequencing were dispositive. In this case it is clear, however, that no decision to arrest Funkhouser had been made and that the seizure and search of the “fanny pack” was no mere incident of an arrest already in motion, even if moments behind, on a parallel track. It was, rather, the finding of suspected drugs in the “fanny pack” that was the precipitating or catalytic agent for Funkhouser’s arrest in this case. There is no suggestion that Funkhouser was going to be arrested regardless of what the search of the “fanny pack” revealed. This was an arrest incident to search.
This case is far more akin to the ostensible search incident to arrest which the Supreme Court struck down in Smith v. Ohio, 494 U.S. 541, 110 S.Ct. 1288, 108 L.Ed.2d 464 (1990). The police there grabbed and searched a brown paper grocery bag which Smith had been carrying very “gingerly” and then attempted to shield from the police. When they discovered drug paraphernalia in the bag, they immediately arrested Smith. The Supreme Court of Ohio ruled that the search was a constitutional search incident to lawful arrest. Notwithstanding the closeness in time between the search and the arrest, the search was not an incident of the arrest. The Supreme Court held:
That reasoning, however, “justifying] the arrest by the search and at the same time ... the search by the arrest,” just “will not do.” As we have had occasion in the past to observe, “[i]t is axiomatic that an incident search may not precede an arrest and serve as part of its justification.” The exception for searches incident to arrest permits the police to search a lawfully arrested person and areas within his immediate control. Contrary to the Ohio Supreme Court’s reasoning, it does not permit the police to search any citizen without a warrant or probable cause so long as an arrest immediately follows.
494 U.S. at 543, 110 S.Ct. 1288.
Essential contemporaneity is a necessary condition for an out-of-sequence search incident, but it is not a sufficient condition. “Essentially contemporaneous” is not, in and of itself, a legitimating mantra.
Cases such as Rawlings v. Kentucky, 448 U.S. 98, 111, 100 S.Ct. 2556, 65 L.Ed.2d 633 (1980), and Lee v. State, 311 Md. 642, 537 A.2d 235 (1988), were cases in which the closely related acts of arresting and searching were proceeding simultaneously. In Anderson v. State, 78 Md.App. at 481, 553 A.2d 1296, we fully explained the significance of being “essentially contemporaneous” as the qualifier for a departure from the ordinary time sequence.
[TJhere is no rigid requirement that the arrest literally precede its search incident. It is enough that they are essentially contemporaneous. The exigencies that give rise to the search incident exception in the first place — the risk of harm to the arresting officer and the risk of destruction of readily accessible evidence — sometimes compel a departure from the formal protocol. There will be occasions when the arresting officer deems it tactically unwise to lose critical seconds or even to be momentarily distracted from his overriding necessity of “beating his opponent to the draw.” Under the circumstances, it would exalt form over substance to the point of absurdity to insist that an officer clap his hand upon an arrestee’s shoulder and say the operative words, “You are under arrest,” before disarming and/or neutralizing a potentially dangerous target. The paradigm, might yield a dead officer. It is enough, therefore, that the search closely anticipate, contemporaneously parallel, or follow shortly after the arrest of which it is an incident. In all three time frames, it is still an incident of the arrest. This is the purpose of the practical requirement that a lawful arrest and its search incident need only be essentially contemporaneous.
(Emphasis supplied).
The temporal proximity between the search and the arrest, however, does not qualify the search as an “incident” of the arrest. That is a separate consideration. The seizing and searching of the “fanny pack” in this case was not a consequence or incident of a decision to arrest Funkhouser. The arrest of Funkhouser, rather, was a consequence of what was found in the search of the “fanny pack,” notwithstanding the fact that the detectives may have had an alternative and independent basis for arresting him. They were not acting on such a basis. What was flawed was not the proximity in time between the search and the arrest, but the lack of a proper cause-and-effect relationship. It was of this causative link that we spoke in Anderson v. State.
The exigencies of the essentially combat situation that exempt the policeman from the formal rigidities of parade-ground sequencing do not exempt him, however, from establishing the indispensable cause-and-effect relationship between the predicate event and its incidents.... The search incident may not “bootstrap” itself by using its results to provide its own justification. No search may justify itself on the basis of what it finds.... Thus, although the attendant search need not technically be “subsequent to, it must still be “incident to” its predicate lawful arrest.
78 Md.App. at 481-82, 553 A.2d 1296 (emphasis supplied).
The shortness of the time period within which the arrest followed the search in this case could not transform the arrest into the cause of the search. The search had its own independent causation. The search was not an incident of the arrest.
CONCLUSION
The pre-trial decision of Judge Lemer to suppress the physical evidence was correct. The search that produced the physical evidence was constitutionally flawed in at least three separate ways.
The initial traffic stop (the first seizure of Funkhouser’s person) was unlawful, thereby tainting everything that followed. Even assuming that were not the case, the warrant-less search of the “fanny pack” worn by Funkhouser could not be justified as a Carroll Doctrine search under the notion that Funkhouser, having been recently in the car, was thereby a searchable extension of the car. The State’s alternative theory, even if timely raised, that the search of the “fanny pack” was an incident of Funkhouser’s lawful arrest is also not viable. There was no antecedent arrest or, indeed, any arrest of which the search in this case was a mere incident. It was for these reasons that we earlier affirmed the ruling of Judge Lemer to suppress the evidence. | CASELAW |
1998–99 Luton Town F.C. season
The 1998–99 season was the 113th season in the history of Luton Town F.C. It was Luton Town's 78th consecutive season in the Football League, and their 81st overall. It was their third consecutive season in the Football League Third Division.
Season summary
During the 1998–99 English football season, Luton Town F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division. Having finished strongly to narrowly avoid relegation in the previous season Luton Town carried their good form into the start of the 1999 season. Their bright start to the season saw them competing for a playoff spot as well as progressing to the quarter-final of the League Cup. However their defeat to Sunderland in the League Cup coincided with a run of only 1 win in 12 league games which saw Luton Town drop out of playoff contention.
Luton Town's season took a turn for the worse in February. Even though they suffered 7 defeats in 8 league games, the club's situation off the pitch was even more dire. Luton's long-running plan for a multi-purpose 'Kohlerdome' stadium, to be named after chairman David Kohler, was finally rejected by the Department of the Environment. As a result, David Kohler announced on 19 February that he would be resigning as chairman of the club. Kohler spent the next month trying to sell the club. But having failed to agree a price with fellow directors, including Cliff Bassett, for his share of the club, Kohler and the board decided there was no option but to appoint receivers. Buchler Phillips were appointed and Luton Town went into receivership on 20 March.
A strong finish to the season on the back of a loan striker's goals, this time Tony Thorpe, had shades of the 1998 season and Rory Allen's legendary contribution. Thorpe's 4 goals in the final 4 games saw Luton pick up 9 points and ensure their safety for another season.
Results
Luton Town's score comes first | WIKI |
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors
This article summarizes the changes to the brain that lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a specific type of dementia, and discusses several risk factors associated with its development.
alzheimerImage Credit: Atthapon Raksthaput / Shutterstock.com
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Dementia is a general term for a decline in several brain functions such as language, memory and problem-solving skills. There are many different types of dementia, including Lewy Body dementia, Korsakoff syndrome and Huntington’s disease, but Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form and accounts for between 60% - 80% of all dementia cases.
AD is a degenerative brain disease that leads to dementia symptoms that get worse over time. Early-stage symptoms include memory loss, difficulties completing familiar tasks or mood disturbance, whilst late-stage symptoms include losing the ability to hold a conversation, difficulty moving or a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.
What causes Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by complex changes to nerve cells in the brain leading to neurons becoming damaged and eventually dying.
Research has indicated that deposits of the protein beta-amyloid (referred to as amyloid plaques) and twisted fibers of the protein tau (neurofibrillary tangles), which develop in most brains as they age, appear more prevalent in the brains of people with AD. They also emerge in a distinctive pattern, beginning in the perirhinal cortex before spreading to the hippocampus and primary neocortex.
Plaques are thought to destroy cells by triggering an immune response in the surrounding area whilst tangles form within the cell, disrupting the processes that recycle and create new proteins, and ultimately killing the cell.
Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease
Age
The most important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is aging, with the age-specific prevalence of the disease doubling every five years after age 65. AD has a prevalence of 1% amongst those aged 65-69, rising to approximately 30% amongst those aged 90 years and over. Several age-related processes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease:
Oxidative stress: Free radicals are oxygen-containing molecules that are a normal by-product of energy production by cells. In high concentrations, they can damage cell membranes and proteins causing tissue damage. Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals, and oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. Age-related AD is thought to be due to an accumulation of oxidative damage.
Beta-amyloid: Thought to be a prime driver of AD, evidence shows that the brains’ ability to clear beta-amyloid slows with age. One study showed that it takes a person in their 30’s approximately four hours to clear half of the beta-amyloid in their brain. By age 80, this increases to ten hours.
Lifespan experiences: The strong correlation between AD and age may be in part due to the cumulative impact of a complex interplay between risk and protective factors across the lifespan.
Although AD and age are strongly correlated, age is not a necessary pre-requisite for the development of AD. A small minority of patients develop early-onset AD in their forties and fifties.
amyloid plaquesBeta-amyloid protein disrupting nerve cells function in a brain with Alzheimer's disease. Image Credit: nobeastsofierce / Shutterstock.com
Genetics
The development of a given disease is influenced by risk genes and deterministic genes. Risk genes increase the likelihood of a disease but do not guarantee it, whilst the inheritance of a deterministic gene guarantees the development of the corresponding disease. Research has identified both hereditary Alzheimer’s risk and deterministic genes.
Risk gene: Several genes have been implicated in the risk of AD, with the APOE-e4 gene exerting the greatest impact on risk. APOE-e4 promotes the build-up of beta-amyloid, creating the distinctive plaques seen in the brains of patients with AD and is present in 40 – 65% of patients with AD. APOE-e4 appears to have a dose-response effect; those who inherit it from both parents are at a higher risk of developing AD. Furthermore, inheriting APOE-e4 may increase the likelihood of earlier-onset symptoms.
Deterministic genes: Early-onset AD has been strongly linked to mutations in three genes; amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2. Individuals who inherit one of these mutations from either parent will develop the disease, although such individuals comprise less than 5% of all people with AD. All three mutations cause an excess of beta-amyloid.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
There is growing evidence of a possible causal link between CVD and cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease. As the brain is highly vascularized and uses a fifth of the body’s oxygen supply, it is particularly vulnerable to cerebral hypoperfusion, a state which occurs when the supply of blood to the brain is inadequate.
Cerebral hypoperfusion is hypothesized to contribute to the development of amyloid plaques and tau via the state of oxidative stress. Furthermore, cerebral hypoperfusion also causes a breakdown to the blood-brain barrier, reducing the clearance of plaques and tangles.
Although several risk factors associated with CVD such as smoking, obesity and diabetes are also risk factors for AD, high blood pressure in middle-age increases the risk of older-onset AD independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, high blood pressure in later life does not correlate with AD. Although no causal mechanism between hypertension and AD has been proven, one hypothesis is that long term hypertension is linked with cerebral hypoperfusion.
Down’s syndrome
By the age of forty, the brains of most people with Down’s syndrome (DS) will show the characteristic pattern of plaques and tangles seen in Alzheimer’s disease. However, although the prevalence of AD is high in people with DS, AD does not develop in all cases. AD is seen in approximately 30% of people with DS in their fifties, rising to 50% of people with DS in their sixties. Understanding why, despite the presence of such changes in the brain, AD only develops in some people is an area of great interest to researchers.
Head injury
Several studies have shown that incurring a moderate or severe head injury can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease many years later. One key study found that sustaining a moderate head injury increased the risk of AD by 2.3 times, whilst severe head injury had a 4.5 times greater risk.
Prospective studies have shown that traumatic brain injury is associated with an earlier onset of AD. As with CVD, the mechanism by which this occurs is thought to be linked to cerebral hypoperfusion leading to the chain of causative events that ultimately result in hallmark protein-linked brain changes observed in AD.
References
Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia. 2020. Primary Care Physicians On The Front Lines Of Diagnosing And Providing Alzheimer’S And Dementia Care. [online] Available at: <https://www.alz.org/news/2020/primary-care-physicians-on-the-front-lines-of-diag> [AccessedDecember 2020].
Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment, 2009. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. 11(2), pp.111-128.
Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., Gargiulo, G., Testa, G., Cacciatore, F., Bonaduce, D., & Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical interventions in aging, 13, 757–772. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S158513
Qiu, C., Kivipelto, M., & von Strauss, E. (2009). Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 11(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.2/cqiu
Safieh, M., Korczyn, A.D. & Michaelson, D.M. ApoE4: an emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Med 17, 64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1299-4
Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., & Hyman, B. T. (2011). Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 1(1), a006189. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006189
Tini, G., Scagliola, R., Monacelli, F., La Malfa, G., Porto, I., Brunelli, C., & Rosa, G. M. (2020). Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Particular Association. Cardiology research and practice, 2020, 2617970. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2617970
Further Reading
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2021
Clare Knight
Written by
Clare Knight
Since graduating from the University of Cardiff, Wales with first-class honors in Applied Psychology (BSc) in 2004, Clare has gained more than 15 years of experience in conducting and disseminating social justice and applied healthcare research.
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An integrated approach could pave the way for future control of Alzheimer's disease | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Textual Criticism and Qurʼān Manuscripts
Textual Criticism and Qurān Manuscripts is a 2011 book on the textual criticism of the Quran by Keith E. Small, a researcher and lecturer at the Centre for Islamic Studies and Muslim–Christian Relations at the London School of Theology.
The book examines a small portion of the holy book of Islam, the Quran—specifically seven verses from Surah 14 (Ibrahim 35-41) —found in twenty-one early Qur'an manuscripts. It uses an application of "reasoned eclecticism" or (in the words of the publisher's blurb) "a method of textual analysis commonly used in studies of ancient Western and Eastern manuscripts", to attempt to 1) determine what the text was for these verses in the earliest versions of the Quran and 2) "to trace the historical development" of the small portion of seven verses "to the current form of the text of the Qur'an. Small comes to the conclusion that while it's not possible to determine the forms of text going back to the very beginning, a "significantly early edited form of the consonantal text" of the Qur'an can be.
Content
A summary of the verses examined is:
* 35-36 True believers exhorted to steadfastness and prayer
* 37 Manifold favours of God to mankind
* 38-41 Abraham prays for himself and children that they may be kept from idolatry.
The book contains four parts:
* 1) chapters 1&2 covering the introduction and photographs and descriptions of the manuscripts used;
* 2) chapters 3-8 describing the textual variants in the manuscripts;
* 3) chapters 9-11 include comparisons of these variants with Islamic records of variants, discussing possible causes, including unintentional mistakes in oral transmission or intentional changes;
* 4) a concluding, twelfth chapter.
Small concludes that a critical text of the Quran (i.e. a scholarly reconstruction of the original Quran, using reasonable, educated guesses) cannot currently be constructed. He says, "'...the available sources do not provide the necessary information for reconstructing the original text of the Qur’ān from the time of Muhammad. Neither do they yet provide the necessary information for reconstructing the text from the time immediately after Muhammad's death until the first official edition of the Qur’ān traditionally ordered by the Caliph ‘Uthmān'." He states "there never was one original text of the Qur'an", that the Uthmanic destruction of variant texts around 850 CE, eliminated "many texts which had equally good claims to containing authentic readings", that before the three century-long "process of development and improvement" to standardize the Quran phonetically, there were "50 different ways" of reciting the Quran.
Fred Donner interprets Small's work as showing "'that there was a very early attempt to establish a uniform consonantal text of the Qurʾān from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission. [...] After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their numerous variants—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established.'" Donner also says though that Small's conclusions are tentative, because analogous work on larger passages of the Quran may give different results.
Reception
Fred Donner of the University of Chicago writes that the book is of "manifest excellence and importance", with "but minor blemishes". One fault Donner sees is that Small does not engage with the work of Christoph Luxenberg. Efim Rezvan of the Saint Petersburg State University says that the work is "capital" and brings "new insights to the history of the development of a standardized text of the Qur’ān." Marcin Grodzki of the University of Warsaw writes that—despite some "minor flaws"—Small should be congratulated for his work, and that it should be given a "prominent place" in libraries involved with the history of early Islam and the study of the Quran. One flaw Grodzki sees is that the book does not consider the possibility of the use different alphabets in the initial written transmission of the Quran, such as the use of the Syriac alphabet in Garshuni.
In his review, Larry Hurtado endorses Small's conclusions. "'In Small's bold statement, ‘the history of the transmission of the text of the Qur’ān is at least as much a testament to the destruction of Qur’ān material as it is to its preservation’, and ‘is also testimony to the fact that there never was one original text of the Qur’ān’. What we have in the Qur’ān as transmitted is ‘a text-form that was chosen from amidst a group of others, which was then edited and canonized at the expense of these others, and has been improved upon in order to make it conform to a desired ideal’. ... 'This is not so totally different from the textual histories of other scriptural texts. And perhaps that is the chief point which emerges from Small's analysis. It is richly documented, informed by other recent scholarship (both traditional Muslim and ‘Western’), eirenic and respectful in tone, and a solid and impressive case for the observations advanced.'" | WIKI |
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I'm Grim.
I'm into discworld, and am a mental book freak, I'm also into mindless games on the internet. | WIKI |
Balanced View on Aon - Analyst Blog
On Jun 20, 2014, we issued an updated research report on Aon plc ( AON ). We believe that the company's focus to boost core operations and inorganic growth, along with a strong cash flow poise to generate long-term growth. However, foreign currency fluctuations, heightened competition and the present legal hassles could pose as headwinds.
Earlier, the company reported first-quarter 2014 earnings that surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate and increased year over year on strong operating performance by the Risk Solutions business and efficient capital management.
This Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) stock is renowned name in the risk management and insurance brokerage space. The company has also been growing across emerging markets, particularly in Asia and continental Europe, where Aon is delivering strong results. Aon's divestiture of its non-core operations is helping it to enhance core operations and reap benefits from the same. In the first quarter, the company divested a business that led to a pre-tax gain of $1 million. Apart from divestitures, Aon remains focused on growing inorganically through its M&A activities. In the first quarter, the company closed the acquisition of one business each in the Risk Solutions and HR Solutions segments. Additionally, the pending acquisition of National Flood Services, and the collaboration with HelloWallet and Visier complements Aon Hewitt's extensive suite of solutions, thus increasing clientele and revenues going forward.
Aon's restructuring plans are helping the company to control mounting expenses and generate savings. The Aon Hewitt restructuring program generated $100 million worth of savings in the first quarter and is anticipated to save $402 million for 2014. As a result, operating expenses declined in the first quarter. The company also generates strong cash flow that helps it to implement efficient capital deployment strategies that boost shareholders' confidence in the stock. This is evident from the 43% dividend hike in 2014 and the record amount of share repurchases made in the last reported quarter.
On the flip side, Aon's increased debt burden raises concern. High level of leverage increases the borrowing costs and financial risk of the company, while making additional borrowing expensive in the future. Further, as a global corporation, Aon is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. Given the global economic volatility, operating earnings is likely to be affected adversely by foreign currency fluctuations going forward.
Moreover, Aon has been facing litigation issues that challenge its financial strength. Additionally, the global economic weakness, re-pricing of credit risk and deterioration of the financial markets are weighing on customers' demand for the retail and reinsurance brokerage products of the company, which may affect operational results adversely.
Other Stocks to Consider
Other players in the insurance brokerage space that look attractive at current levels include Blue Capital Reinsurance Holdings Ltd. ( BCRH ), Cninsure Inc. ( CISG ) and Erie Indemnity Company ( ERIE ). All three stocks carry the same Zacks Rank as Aon.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Diego Chávez (footballer, born 1993)
Diego Armando Chávez Ramos (born 7 March 1993) alias Chaveta is a Peruvian footballer who plays for club Club Universitario de Deportes in the Liga 1. His assertiveness in attack and security in defense earned him to be promoted to the first squad where he gained experience and became a regular in the starting eleven.
Club career
In January 2012, Chávez was promoted to the Universitario first team by manager José Chemo del Solar for the start of the 2012 season. He made his Torneo Descentralizado debut on 19 February 2012 in the first round of the season away to Inti Gas Deportes. He played the entire match, but his side conceded a goal in the 93rd minute from Luis Coronado and lost the match 1–0. He returned to the starting eleven in Round 5 away to the Elías Aguirre Stadium against Juan Aurich, and the match eventually finished in a 1–0 win for the home team.
Chávez signed for Deportivo Binacional on 16 December 2018 for the 2019 season.
Honours
* Universitario de Deportes:
* Torneo Descentralizado (1): 2013 | WIKI |
Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health
Model IMCI handbook: Integrated management of childhood illness
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Authors:
World Health Organization; UNICEF
Publication details
Number of pages: 163
Publication date: 2005
Languages: English, French
ISBN: 9241546441
WHO reference number: WHO/FCH/CAH/00.12
Downloads
Overview
The IMCI model handbook provides a detailed explanation of the IMCI case management guidelines. It is organized into seven main parts: overview of the IMCI process; assess and classify the sick child age 2 months up to 5 years; assess and classify the sick young infant age 1 week up to 2 months; identify treatment; treat the sick child or the sick young infant; communicate and counsel; and give follow-up care.
Teaching institutions are advised to adapt the handbook in two ways:
• to ensure that all text, charts and illustrations are consistent with nationally-adapted IMCI clinical guidelines, and
• to ensure that its content and format corresponds to the teaching approach used by the institution. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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