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Heterastridium
Heterastridium is an extinct genus of marine hydrozoan. It is the only accepted genus in the monotypic family Heterastridiidae. The fossils date from the Upper Triassic. They are mostly discoid or spherical and some forms found in the Karakorum mountains are called Karakorum stones. They vary in diameter from 1 to 35 cm and appear to follow Cope's rule for the prehistoric climate. | WIKI |
Climatic Classification - Greek System and Koppen's Scheme
We have two types of climatic classifications, that is the Greek System of climatic classification and koppen's scheme. Both have their functions according to how they are used, we are going to look at this classification of climates one by one and also discuss how Greek System and Koppen's scheme work together.
The Greek System: The Greeks were among the first set of people in the world to classify climates. Their scheme divided the world into the following three climatic zones based on temperature:
1. Torrid or Hot: Krear within the Tropics that experience intense heat.
2. Frigid or Very Cold: Areas of excessive cold in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
3. Temperate or Mild: Areas lying between the torrid and frigid zones which are neither too hot nor too cold.
The Greek scheme is inadequate because: 1. It is simplistic. 2. It ignores such vital climatic factors as latitude, altitude, prevailing winds, vegetative cover and ocean currents.
Koppen's Scheme: Koppen's scheme has five major groups which have been coded alphabetically:
A - Tropical rainy climates, with no month cooler than 18 degree.
B - Dry climates, in which potential evaporation exceeds annual precipitation.
C - Warm temperate rainy or Humid Mesothermal climates, with the coldest month below 18 degree, but above - 3 degree.
D - Cool temperate or Microthermal climates, with the coldest month below - 3 degree, and warmest month above 10 degree.
E - Polar or ice climates, with the warmest month below 10 degree.
Koppen went further to add secondary letters to the above letters in order to differentiate between sub-divisions within the five major groups. The secondary letters in Koppen's scheme climate classification and what they stand for are:
f - adequate rain all months
F - ice cap, with perpetual frost
m - rain forest despite short dry season
s - summer dry season
S - steppe, with 360 - 760mm rain in low latitudes
T - tundra
w - winter dry season
W - desert, with less than 250mm rain per year
A third letter was added later to include information about temperature thus:
a - hot summer, with warmest month greater than 22 degree
b - warm summer, with less than 22 degree
c - cool, short summer, with only four months greater than 10 degree
d - very cold winter, with less than -38 degree
h - dry-hot, with mean annual temperature greater than 18 degree
k - dry cold, with less than 18 degree
The above letters are grouped together and ascribed to appropriate climatic belts, e.g. BW - Hot desert climate and vegetation
BS - Steppe climate and vegetation
BWK - Cool desert climate
Dfe - Cold, snowy forest climate with cool, short summer
Merits of Koppen's Scheme
1. It is simple.
2. It is quantitative because it has used numerical values to define boundaries of climatic groups.
3. It makes it easy to ascribe a given place to a particular climate sub-group on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
Demerits of Koppen's Scheme
1. It is inconsistent because he used mean temperature for his A,C,D and E zones; whereas his zone B is based on a precipitation - evaporation ratio.
2. It is not comprehensive enough because it has not taken case of the climates of mountainous regions and regions affected by fog.
3. The boundaries of Koppen's climate types are too strictly empirical.
4. Koppen's criteria for identifying dry climates are too simple to be of much use. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Atlantis - The Antediluvian World (1882).djvu/72
54
THE TESTIMONY OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA.
are abundant that there must have been at one time uninterrupted land communication between Europe and America. In the words of a writer upon this subject,
"When the animals and plants of the Old and New World are compared, one cannot but be struck with their identity; all or nearly all belong to the same genera, while many, even of the species, are common to both continents. This is most important in its bearing on our theory, as indicating that they radiated from a common centre after the Glacial Period.… The hairy mammoth, woolly-haired rhinoceros, the Irish elk, the musk-ox, the reindeer, the glutton, the lemming, etc., more or less accompanied this flora, and their remains are always found in the post-glacial deposits of Europe as low down as the South of France. In the New World beds of the same age contain similar remains, indicating that they came from a common centre, and were spread out over both continents alike." (Westminster Review, January, 1872, p. 19.)
Recent discoveries in the fossil beds of the Bad Lands of Nebraska prove that the horse originated in America. Professor Marsh, of Yale College, has identified the several preceding forms from which it was developed, rising, in the course of ages, from a creature not larger than a fox until, by successive steps, it developed into the true horse. How did the wild horse pass from America to Europe and Asia if there was not continuous land communication between the two continents? He seems to have existed in Europe in a wild state prior to his domestication by man. | WIKI |
File:Under the Mountain (Maurice Gee book).jpg
Summary
Cover of the book, Under the Mountain, by Maurice Gee, FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 20:14, 27 March 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Andaman district
Andaman district was a district in the Indian Union Territory (UT) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district's administrative territory encompasses all of the Andaman Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, bordering with the Andaman Sea). The district government is headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who in turn reports into the Lt. Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The capital of the district is the township of Port Blair, which is also the main town and capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT. The district was severely affected by the tsunami that was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which led to many deaths and damaged infrastructure.
Geography
There are approximately 550 islands which made up the Andaman district, 26 of which are inhabited. The total population of Andaman district as per 2001 Census of India figures was 314,084. The district had a total area of some 6,408 km2. Approximately 90% of the islands are forested or uncultivated; urban area is only 16.6 km2.
Divisions
The district comprised two sub-divisions, North & Middle Andaman (Mayabunder), and South & Little Andaman (Port Blair), which were turned into North and Middle Andaman district and South Andaman district on August 18, 2006. | WIKI |
5 Fixes| The File or Directory is Corrupted and Unreadable
This post offers you 5 ways to fix the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable error and also introduce a professional data recovery tool to get back all missing files.
Kelsey
By Kelsey / Updated on April 3, 2024
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The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable error
What does it mean the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable? The error that a file or directory is corrupted and cannot be read is a common error that always occurs when users connect external storage devices, including external hard drives, USB flash drives, SD cards, to a Windows computer. Once seeing this error message, the user will not be able to access the data in the external storage device.
files issue
If you are experiencing this kind of problem on your computer, don't worry, let's take a look at what causes this error and how to fix it.
Causes of the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable error
Here we have listed 4 common reasons why file or directory is corrupted and unreadable error occur, and helping you avoid this error from happening again in the future.
1. MFT or FAT Corruption
MFT is a file in the NTFS file system commonly used by users. It is used to store file or directory type, size, creation time, application access rights, and any other information. Therefore, when the MFT is damaged, the system will not be able to access the partitions with the NTFS file system. FAT is a file system developed for hard drives, and if it is damaged, the partition information may also be inaccessible.
2. Virus or Malware Attack
If the file information downloaded by the user from the Internet contains viruses or malware, the computer is likely to be infected with a virus. These viruses and malware can attack and damage your files, operating system, and even infect external devices connected to your computer making certain partition information inaccessible.
3. Physical Damage
Some partition information such as the file system is generally stored in a specific location. When the location is bad sector or physically damaged, the user will not be able to access the data in the operating system. Then you will get an error that the file or directory is corrupt or unreadable. If a disk sector is permanently damaged, all information stored on that sector is lost.
4. Unplug USB Without Using Safely Remove Option
Ejecting a removable disk or USB flash drive from your computer while data is being transferred or read can result in the loss of important file system information. In fact, this is one of the common causes of errors.
Keep reading for details on this page and get more information about the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable fix.
How to fix file or directory is corrupted and unreadable
After you find out the cause of the problem, you can take targeted measures. Of course, you can also try the following methods one by one until you fix it. At least one of them listed below can be helpful to you.
Fix 1. Run CHKDSK in CMD
You can run the CHKDSK tool to check and fix various issues such as corrupt files system, bad sectors, cross-linked files, directory errors, etc. But be aware that in some special cases, CHKDSK may not work properly. Here are the steps you can take to start scanning your drive and fix the error: the file or directory is corrupt and unreadable.
Notes:✎...
The external hard drive becomes RAW due to some corruption or other reasons, using CHKDSK command cannot recover RAW drive error.
Step 1: Click Search > type Command Prompt > Right click on it to Run as administrator.
Run as administrator
Step 2: Enter the command: chkdsk F: /f /r /x and then press Enter. Here F is the drive letter of your unreadable disk or drive. Then the replacement process is complete. (For example, if you wanna fix F: drive, then you should input chkdsk F: /f /r /x. )
cmd command
Fix 2. Disable antivirus software
Sometimes Windows' firewall or third-party antivirus tool detects a threat to the external hard drive, preventing you from accessing the file system. After you have determined that the drive does not present any security risks, you can easily disable or uninstall firewall and antivirus software to eliminate errors.
Virus Protection
Fix 3. Scan drive from disk properties
Taking advantage of Windows’ hard drive error checking is an effective solution to fix file system errors and scan for bad sectors. Let's figure out how to fix the issue “file or directory is corrupted and unreadable” on external hard drive.
Step 1: Open the Computer. Find the hard drive with the error "The file or repository is corrupted and unreadable."
Step 2: Right-click it and select Properties.
Step 3: Click the Check button to scan the drive in the Tools tab.
Check Drive
Step 4: If the inspection finds an error, it will notify you to fix repair the hard drive immediately. Then follow the suggested steps to perform the repair operation.
Fix 4. Startup repair of the disk
If you're bothered by the message "The file or directory is corrupt and unreadable" on Windows 10, you can try Startup Repair, which is part of Windows Advanced Startup Features. Here are the specific steps to perform the operation:
Step 1: Go to Settings > Update & security > Recovery > Restart Now.
startup
Step 2: Click Troubleshoot and Advanced Options.
Choose Advanced Option
Step 3: Click the Startup Repair option. Wait for the process to complete and then try plug in your external device again.
Startup repair
Fix 5. Format the hard drive
If the above four methods still don't work, you can try formatting the external hard drive or USB drive to fix the problem. Formatting a hard drive configures a new file system, after which the corrupted or damaged file system will be replaced. However, as we all know, formatting a disk will definitely lead to data loss, so you need to use a tool to recover data from formatted hard drive.
Step 1: Locate the damaged hard drive and click right-click it.
Step 2: Select Format from the the pop-up window.
Format Drive
Step 3: Customize the settings and press OK to begin to process.
Bonus tip: Recover files for the corrupted hard disk without losing data
After browsing the previous content, you have figured out how to fix file or directory is corrupted and unreadable error. However, when using the above methods, there is a high possibility of important data loss during the repair process. If you want to know how to rescue this situation, please use a safe and trustworthy data recovery tool - MyRecover. It only takes three simple steps to help you recover more than 200 types of data.
Most importantly, MyRecover is suitable for different data loss situations like accidental deletion, system crash, virus attack, etc. It can extract deleted, damaged files or recover all data from flash drives with professional scanning technology, regardless of whether the hard drive is formatted or not. Let's see the highlights of MyRecover below.
It supports deleted file recovery, formatted hard drive recovery, lost partition recovery, virus attack recovery, system crash recovery, and so on.
It can recover permanently deleted files from SSD/USB/HDD/memory card, external hard drives, and other storage devices in Windows.
It recover deleted or missing files from your Windows computer with just three simple steps.
It supports the file system NTFS, FAT32, exFAT, and ReFS in Windows 11/10/8/7 & Windows Server.
Step 1: Download, install and launch MyRecover.
Download SoftwareWin 11/10/8/7/Server
Secure Download
Step 2: Hover the mouse over the drive, and click Scan.
Start Scan
Step 3: The software will scan the partition to find deleted and other missing files with a quick scan and deep scan.
Deep Scan
Step 4: Select the files you want to recover and click Recover x files to get them back.
recover files
To sum up
Hopefully, 5 methods are provided that can effectively help you solve the problem “file or directory is corrupted and unreadable”. In addition, this article also talks about using this method to fix the issue that will result in data loss. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use a professional data recovery tool - MyRecover, which is suitable for all data loss situations to recover all files quickly and successfully.
Kelsey
Kelsey · Editor
Kelsey is an English editor of AOMEI Technology. She is passionate about helping people find effective ways to deal with all problems in computer. She has great insights into data backup and recovery, disk partition and clone, and other data protection measures. She likes learn computer skills to improve herself and enjoy quality time with family and friends. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 10.djvu/640
628 fEDEBAL BBPOBTEB. �if they are accessible; and if they are not so served, and no excuse for it appear, as to them the injunction should be deemed waived or as never in force. �In James v, Downes, 18 Ves. 522, 525, Lord Eldon says: "The court can never intend that the plaintiii, having obtained the order gi'anting the injunction, is to lie by for four montbs as if it bad not been granted. The court, interposing to assist the plaintiff, and pre- vent his losing the benefit of the process while he is actually pursu- iug it, cannot consider him entitled, under the order, for tbree or four months together;" and for the plaintiff's laches in that case in cntering the order, though the defendant knew of the decision of the court. Lord Eldon dismissed the motion to punish the disobe- dience of it. In this case no reason existed for not observing the ordinary rule requiring service of the order upon Youmans and his attomey. In consequence of failure to do so, a long controversy has sprung up, occupied largely on the part of the bankrupt in endeavoring to prove knowledge of the injunction through indirect sources. His attorney has presented the matter with a zeal and care and thoroughness which, in a worthier subject, would deserve the highest praise; but, in my judgment, the court should refuse to entertain such close controversies of fact, concerning indirect notice, which arise solely through the laches of the parties in serving the original injunction order, and through the non-observance, without excuse, of the ordinary rule requiring personal service or notice of the injunction order, where practicable, in order to bring the party into contempt. Whipple v. Hutchinson, 4 Blatchf. 190; Coddington v. Webb, i Sandf, 639; 1 Daniell, Ch. Pr. (ith Ed.) 898, 1674. �On these grounds the petition and order to show cause are dis- missed, with costs. ��� � | WIKI |
You Can Keep Your Brain Sharp !
You Can Keep Your Brain Sharp ! 1
Everyone has the occasional “senior moment.” Maybe you’ve gone into the kitchen and can’t remember why, or can’t recall a familiar name during a conversation. Memory lapses can occur at any age, but aging alone is generally not a cause of cognitive decline. When significant memory loss occurs among older people, it is generally not due to aging but to organic disorders, brain injury, or neurological illness.
Studies have shown that you can help prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of dementia with some basic good health habits:
• staying physically active
• getting enough sleep
• not smoking
• having good social connections
• limiting alcohol to one drink a day
• eating a balanced diet low in saturated and trans fats.
Certain health conditions that can impair cognitive skills include diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, depression, and hypothyroidism. If you have any of these health issues, you can help protect your memory by following your doctor’s advice carefully.
Memory changes can be frustrating, but the good news is that, thanks to decades of research, you can learn how to get your mind active.
Ensure Your Hearing Is In Top Shape
Many adults suffer from some degree of hearing loss. While the actual cause behind the hearing loss may vary, once a person has experienced hearing loss, their cognitive abilities are in danger.
As one long-term study recognized, hearing loss can significantly speed up cognitive decline in older adults. Even those adults with relatively mild hearing loss experienced accelerated memory loss and disorganization.
An easy way to avoid losing your cognitive ability to hearing loss is to ensure you have your hearing checked on a yearly basis. If hearing loss is detected, be sure to implement your audiologist’s recommendations, such as using hearing aids for hearing rehabilitation.
Follow A Regular Exercise Routine
Not only can exercise improve your balance as you age but regular workouts can also improve your memory. Some of the ways exercise can affect your memory are:
• Reduces insulin resistance, allowing your body to process glucose (sugar) more effectively. Insulin resistance has been linked to an increased risk of dementia.
• Stimulates chemicals which encourage growth and revitalization. The renewal of cells in older adults is much slower, which can cause memory to falter.
• Improves ability to sleep and reduces stress. Stress and lack of sleep have also been strongly linked to cognitive decline.
Health professionals recommend 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic exercise (about 20 minutes a day). If you are up to it, increase your exercise time during the day to see more health improvements.
Make Time For Socialization
Memory loss often becomes more noticeable in retired adults who engage in fewer social activities. Researchers have also seen that older adults who are busily engaged in social activities maintain a higher level of cognitive sharpness than those who rarely socialize. Some of the activities you may want to consider are:
• Hosting regular family dinners at your home
• Volunteering in a people-centered role
• Looking up local meetups for your hobbies
Stick To A Memory-Supportive Diet
The average American diet does not do much to support our brain health. Heavy on carbs and fats, our diets can make us feel sluggish. To keep our memories sharp and keep our brains healthy, try eating more of the following:
• Healthy fats like fish which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. These acids can lower the levels of beta-amyloid proteins. This is important, as high levels of this protein have been clearly linked to dementia.
• Large portions of vegetables and fruits as they help improve the overall health of your blood vessels. Impaired blood vessels can lead to a stroke which can damage your memory.
Work On Information Organization
As we age, we’ve developed a lifetime of cherished memories. Newer memories often have lower priority in our brains, causing us to forget things like doctor’s appointments, new acquaintances, and what groceries we need. Give your brain a hand and try to use some information organizational tricks to keep better track of your memories.
• Engage more senses – If you wrote a grocery list, re-read the lists to yourself. This tactic can help you to better remember parts of the list if you forget it at home.
• Keep reminders on you – Millennials are sometimes attached to their phones for a good reason. They log everything there, from homework reminders to shopping lists. Since you likely carry your phone anyway, keeping reminders on it and setting necessary alarms can be a handy backup for your memory.
• Connect new information – When you meet new people or have to add something to your routine, try to connect the new information to an older memory. Maybe you had a childhood friend with the same name as your new acquaintance, or better remember your dentist appointment by recalling your last visit with that dentist.
Keep learning
A higher level of education is associated with better mental functioning in old age. Experts think that advanced education may help keep memory strong by getting a person into the habit of being mentally active. Challenging your brain with mental exercise is believed to activate processes that help maintain individual brain cells and stimulate communication among them. Many people have jobs that keep them mentally active, but pursuing a hobby, learning a new skill, or volunteering for a project at work that involves a skill you don’t usually use can function the same way and help improve memory.
Use all your senses
The more senses you use in learning something, the more of your brain that will be involved in retaining the memory. In one study, adults were shown a series of emotionally neutral images, each presented along with a smell. They were not asked to remember what they saw. Later, they were shown a set of images, this time without odors, and asked to indicate which they’d seen before. They had excellent recall for all odor-paired pictures, and especially for those associated with pleasant smells. Brain imaging indicated that the piriform cortex, the main odor-processing region of the brain, became active when people saw objects originally paired with odors, even though the smells were no longer present and the subjects hadn’t tried to remember them. So challenge all your senses as you venture into the unfamiliar.
Believe in yourself
Myths about aging can contribute to a failing memory. Middle-aged and older learners do worse on memory tasks when they’re exposed to negative stereotypes about aging and memory, and better when the messages are positive about memory preservation into old age. People who believe that they are not in control of their memory function — joking about “senior moments” too often, perhaps — are less likely to work at maintaining or improving their memory skills and therefore are more likely to experience cognitive decline. If you believe you can improve and you translate that belief into practice, you have a better chance of keeping your mind sharp.
Prioritize your brain use
If you don’t need to use mental energy remembering where you laid your keys or the time of your granddaughter’s birthday party, you’ll be better able to concentrate on learning and remembering new and important things. Take advantage of calendars and planners, maps, shopping lists, file folders, and address books to keep routine information accessible. Designate a place at home for your glasses, purse, keys, and other items you use often.
Repeat what you want to know
When you want to remember something you’ve just heard, read, or thought about, repeat it out loud or write it down. That way, you reinforce the memory or connection. For example, if you’ve just been told someone’s name, use it when you speak with him or her: “So, John, where did you meet Camille?”
Space it out
Repetition is most potent as a learning tool when it’s properly timed. It’s best not to repeat something many times in a short period, as if you were cramming for an exam. Instead, re-study the essentials after increasingly longer periods of time — once an hour, then every few hours, then every day. Spacing out periods of study helps improve memory and is particularly valuable when you are trying to master complicated information, such as the details of a new work assignment.
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UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eugene DiFRANCESCO, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Eugene DiFRANCESCO, Defendant-Appellee.
Nos. 231, 908 and 1094, Dockets 78-1250, 78-1369 and 78-1371.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Argued April 20, 1979.
Decided Aug. 6, 1979.
Harold J. Boreanaz, Buffalo, N.Y. (Bo-reanaz, NeMoyer & Baker, Buffalo, N.Y.), for defendant-appellant, defendant-appellee DiFrancesco.
Victor D. Stone, Atty., Dept, of Justice, Washington, D.C. (Richard J. Arcara, U.S. Atty., for the Western District of New York, Jerome M. Feit, Atty., Dept, of Justice, Washington, D.C., of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee, plaintiff-appellant United States.
Before SMITH and MESKILL, Circuit Judges, and HAIGHT, District Judge.
Honorable Charles S. Haight, Jr., United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
J. JOSEPH SMITH, Circuit Judge:
These are appeals by a defendant from judgments of conviction entered after two separate jury trials in the United States District Court for the Western District of New York, and by the government from a sentence imposed under the “dangerous special offender” provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 3575. In the first trial, Harold P. Burke, Judge, presiding, the appellant, Eugene DiFrancesco, was convicted of conspiring to participate in and conduct the affairs of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity, which included multiple acts of arson and use of the mails to defraud insurance companies, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c) and (d). In the second trial, George C. Pratt, Judge, presiding by designation, DiFrancesco was convicted on three counts which alleged that he willfully caused damage in excess of $100 to federal property, 18 U.S.C. § 1361, unlawfully stored explosive materials, 18 U.S.C. § 842(j), and conspired to commit these acts, 18 U.S.C. § 371. We affirm the convictions and dismiss the government’s appeal.
On July 24, 1975, DiFrancesco, together with seven co-defendants, was indicted on charges arising out of a series of bombings that occurred in the Rochester area on Columbus Day in 1970. A second indictment, filed on April 7, 1976, named DiFrancesco and seven others, two of whom were also defendants in the bombing indictment, as defendants in two counts of racketeering involving an “arson-for-hire” ring operating in the Rochester area. Since this second indictment was the first to come to trial, we shall begin by discussing DiFrancesco’s appeal from the resulting conviction on the racketeering charges.
RACKETEERING
DiFrancesco and five of the seven co-defendants in the racketeering indictment were tried jointly, in September and October of 1977. Of the two remaining defendants, Joseph LaNovara pleaded guilty before trial and testified as a witness for the government, while Frank Valenti, the alleged leader of the conspiracy, was severed upon the government’s motion because he was ill.
The government presented evidence by which it sought to prove that an arson-for-hire team, which operated as part of a larger organization engaged in illicit activities in the Rochester area, had been responsible for at least eight fires that occurred there between 1970 and 1973. The arson ring allegedly agreed with the' property owners to destroy their buildings in return for a share of the insurance proceeds. The government charged that insurance companies had been defrauded of about $480,000 as a result of the eight fires. The jury acquitted four of the six defendants, but convicted DiFrancesco and Vincent Rallo on both counts. DiFrancesco’s appeal alleges several errors in the district court.
The most substantial issue raised by DiFrancesco is whether certain statements made by government witnesses to the FBI should have been turned over to the defendants under the rule of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). Shortly before this trial began, it was disclosed that allegations of wrongdoing had been lodged against some members of the Monroe County Sheriff’s Office. These allegations arose in connection with the Sheriff’s Office’s investigation of a number of crimes in which the defendants in this case allegedly had been involved, including a murder for which DiFrancesco had been convicted in state court. The FBI, as part of a federal civil rights investigation of the Sheriff’s Office’s activities, conducted a number of interviews and compiled interview reports. The subject matter of some of these interviews included alleged instances of perjury by witnesses in state court proceedings. Some of these witnesses were expected to be called by the United States to testify in the case against DiFrancesco and his co-defendants.
When this matter arose, Judge Burke granted a continuance for one week during which the government represented that it would seek to learn more about the allegations and would then “turn over all materials that is [sic] favorable to the defense that result from the investigation.” The government reviewed approximately thirty to thirty-five FBI reports and determined that only one was Brady material. The government then submitted the reports to the trial judge to allow him to decide whether he thought any of the remaining material fell within Brady. The judge picked out about fifteen other reports which he ruled were Brady material, but the government refused to turn over these additional reports to the defendants. It argued that exposure of the reports could endanger the ongoing civil rights investigation. Thus, the government stated that it was “willing to stand or fall on that decision [that the reports were not Brady material] made by itself.” The court denied a motion that it order the government to turn over the reports. Instead, those reports which the court believed were Brady material were sealed as Court Exhibit A, and those which the court and government agreed were not within Brady were sealed as Court Exhibit B. At some later time, the government gave defense counsel the reports of interviews of LaNovara and of Angelo Monachino, an unindicted eo-con-spirator, who was to testify for the government. Both of these reports were part of Court Exhibit A, as was a third report which the government eventually turned over as Jencks Act material.
Our examination of the court exhibits convinces us that the reports included no Brady material. None of the reports exculpated DiFrancesco, nor did any demonstrate that the government’s case included perjured testimony. Furthermore, nothing in the reports that the government refused to turn over constituted “material evidence that would impeach a Government witness whose ‘reliability . . . may well [have been] determinative of guilt or innocence.’ ” Ostrer v. United States, 577 F.2d 782, 785 (2d Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1115, 99 S.Ct. 1018, 59 L.Ed.2d 73 (1979), quoting Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 154, 92 S.Ct. 763, 31 L.Ed.2d 104 (1972), quoting Napue v. Illinois, 360 U.S. 264, 269, 79 S.Ct. 1173, 3 L.Ed.2d 1217 (1959). One report (Part A of Court Exhibit A) contains two comments attributed to Monachino. Neither of these comments, however, could have been used to impeach Monachino in any way that might have affected the outcome of the trial, which is the standard by which we measure the materiality of undisclosed information for which the defendant makes a specific request. United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 104-06, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976); Ostrer, supra, 577 F.2d at 786. In short, the FBI reports would have added nothing to the vigorous attacks which DiFrancesco and his co-defendants made upon the credibility of a number of the government’s witnesses through use of the substantial public information relating to the investigation.
DiFrancesco also raised several arguments involving evidentiary questions and portions of the court’s instructions to the jury. The first concerns the introduction into evidence of a state court indictment that charged DiFrancesco and others with an act of arson, a fire at Select Tire Company, that also constituted part of a specific act of racketeering alleged in the federal indictment. The government offered the indictment and had a portion of it read to the jury as part of its rebuttal case, for the stated purpose of making the jury aware of the final disposition of the state court case against one of the persons named in the state indictment.
It is difficult to perceive how the indictment was relevant for the purpose stated by the government. In fact, its relevance and materiality to any issue in the case was, at best, minimal. Counsel for the various defendants, including DiFrancesco, opened up the subject of the state court proceedings in their cross-examination of government witnesses. Introduction of the indictment, however, was not, as the government now contends, necessary to clarify the “meaning” of the outcome of the state trial. But admission of the indictment, even if erroneous, did not prejudice DiFrancesco. The jury already knew, from the defendants’ cross-examination of government witnesses, that the state grand jury had received testimony implicating DiFrancesco in the Select Tire fire, that some persons had been tried in state court in connection with that fire, that testimony alleging DiFran-cesco’s participation had been offered at the state court trial, and that DiFrancesco had been named as a co-conspirator in yet another federal indictment alleging mail fraud arising from a separate act of arson. Under these circumstances, admission of the indictment, even if erroneous, was harmless.
DiFrancesco also disputes the admissibility of certain testimony by LaNovara and Monachino, who described the initiation ritual followed by the organization of which the arson-for-hire ring was a part. Admission of this testimony was not erroneous. The evidence was probative of the existence of an “enterprise,” the affairs of which were conducted through a pattern of racketeering activity, which was a matter on which the court correctly charged that the government had the burden of proof. The evidence was sufficiently probative to outweigh any possible prejudice.
DiFrancesco next contends that the testimony that LaNovara and Monachino were participants in the Federal Witness Protection Program, as authorized by the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, P.L. No. 91-452, Title V, 84 Stat. 933, should not have been allowed. Since a defendant often will seek to impeach a participating witness by showing that he has received significant benefits while in the program, the government may desire to bring out the witness’ participation during direct examination in order to avoid an inference that the government was attempting to hide the witness’ possible bias. Although disclosure of such participation “must be handled delicately,” United States v. Partin, 552 F.2d 621, 644-45 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 903, 96 S.Ct. 1493, 47 L.Ed.2d 753 (1977), so as to minimize the possibility that the jury will infer that the defendant was the source of danger to the witness, such testimony is permissible so long as the prosecutor does not attempt to exploit it. No exploitation occurred here, and the defendants cross-examined the witnesses at length to develop the full extent of the benefits received by them. Thus there was no error in allowing the testimony. Nor was the court’s instruction to the jury on this subject erroneous or insufficient. The instruction did not suggest, as DiFrancesco argues, that the Attorney General was vouching for the credibility of the witnesses. Instead, it simply explained the purpose of the program and dispelled any implication that the benefits received by LaNovara and Monachino were bestowed improperly. No additional instruction was necessary. Id.
Lastly, DiFrancesco argues that the court removed an element of the crime from the jury’s consideration by instructing that, if the jury believed the evidence that about $480,000 in claims was paid by insurance companies in New York and other states as a result of the arsons and mail fraud, then the enterprise did affect interstate commerce as required by 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c). This instruction was proper. The court left to the jury the question of fact, whether the claims had been paid as a result of arson engaged in by the defendahts. The trial judge correctly determined, however, that if the defendants’ alleged actions were proven, the effect of those actions on interstate commerce was a question of law. Cf. United States v. Ricciardi, 357 F.2d 91, 94 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 384 U.S. 942, 86 S.Ct. 1464, 16 L.Ed.2d 540 (1966) (whether activities constitute an “industry affecting commerce” under 29 U.S.C. § 186 is a question of law); United States v. Varlack, 225 F.2d 665, 670-72 (2d Cir. 1955) (judge instructed that, if jury believed testimony of government witnesses, defendant’s acts affected commerce as defined in Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951).
THE COLUMBUS DAY BOMBINGS
DiFrancesco’s attack on his conviction arising from the bombing and explosives charges focuses on the delay between his indictment and the commencement of trial. He contends that the indictment should have been dismissed because this delay violated the Speedy Trial Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161-74 (“the Act”), the Western District’s Transitional Plan for Achieving the Prompt Disposition of Criminal Cases (“the Plan”), and the sixth amendment’s guarantee of a speedy trial.
DiFrancesco was indicted on July 24, 1975 and arraigned on September 8, 1975. The relevant provisions of the Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161(g) and 3163(b)(2), and of the Plan, § 5(a)(1), did not take effect until July 1, 1976. They require that trial of a defendant arraigned before the effective date shall commence within 180 days of that date. Both the Act and the Plan (§ 10(a)) provide, however, for the exclusion of certain periods of delay set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3161(h) in computing the 180-day period. DiFrancesco contends that the non-excludable delay in this case amounted to 309 days. The government, which conceded in the district court that the 180-day period had expired, now argues that the non-excludable delay totaled either 283, 273, 177 or 145 days, or perhaps no time at all. We need not choose, however, from among these various calculations, because 18 U.S.C. § 3163(c) delays the effective date of the sanctions provided in § 3162 for violations of the Act until July 1, 1979, United States v. New Buffalo Amusement Corp., 600 F.2d 368 at 376-377 (2d Cir. 1979); United States v. Carini, 562 F.2d 144, 148 (2d Cir. 1977), and § 11(e) of the Plan provides that failure to comply with its provisions shall not require dismissal. New Buffalo Amusement Corp., supra, at 376 n.13.
Although the district court retains discretionary power under Rule 48(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to dismiss an indictment because of excessive delay, United States v. Lane, 561 F.2d 1075, 1078 (2d Cir. 1977), DiFrancesco did not invoke that discretion and thus cannot complain of the court’s failure to exercise it. New Buffalo Amusement Corp., supra, at 376 n.13.
We turn therefore to DiFrancesco’s claim that the pretrial delay violated his sixth amendment right to a speedy trial. We shall assume for this purpose that the delay exceeded that allowed under the Act and the Plan, since such a violation may be considered in assessing the merit of a constitutional speedy trial claim. Id. at 2758; Carini, supra, 562 F.2d at 148, 151-52. Nonetheless, we agree with the district judge’s thorough and well-reasoned opinion in which he concluded that DiFrancesco’s claim lacks merit. United States v. DiFrancesco, Cr. 75-165 (W.D.N.Y. April 3, 1978).
The controlling authority is of course Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972), in which the Court enunciated four factors to be considered in evaluating a claim of a denial of the right to a speedy trial. These factors are (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason for the delay; (3) the defendant’s assertion of his right; and (4) the existence of prejudice to the defendant from the delay. Id. at 530, 92 S.Ct. 2182. Other relevant circumstances also may be considered in conducting a. “difficult and sensitive balancing process,” id. at 533, 92 S.Ct. 2182, “in which the conduct of both the prosecution, and the defendant are weighed.” Id. at 530, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 2192.
The delay between indictment and trial in this case was about 30 months. The government concedes that this is sufficient to “trigger” a further investigation of the other factors. See id. at 530-31, 92 S.Ct. 2182; Carini, supra, 562 F.2d at 148 — 49. The reasons for the delay were numerous, including trials of DiFrancesco on state charges and the federal racketeering charges, illness of his attorney and of Judge Burke, to whom the case originally was assigned, the participation of DiFrancesco’s attorney in a trial on behalf of another client (during which time Judge Burke denied the government’s request to remove the attorney from this case), and the pend-ency of motions by the defendants and the government. Although the government bears the responsibility for some of the delay, including that caused by “institutional factors” such as overcrowding of the district court’s docket, Barker v. Wingo, supra, 407 U.S. at 531, 92 S.Ct. 2182, there is no suggestion in the record of any “deliberate attempt [by the government] to delay the trial in order to hamper the defense,” id., and it is apparent that DiFrancesco was responsible for a substantial portion of the delay. Moreover, the government repeatedly moved to set a trial date, a fact which distinguishes this case from United States v. Vispi, 545 F.2d 328, 334 (2d Cir. 1976). DiFrancesco, on the other hand, did not assert his speedy trial claim until the eve of trial.
The final factor, prejudice to the defendant, also fails to support DiFrancesco’s claim. He argues that the death of a potential witness, Samuel DiGaetano, caused substantial prejudice which can be attributed to the delay. DiGaetano, attorney for severed co-defendant Frank Valenti, allegedly would have testified, in direct contradiction of a government witness, that Valenti was in Pittsburgh on the day of and the day immediately preceding the bombings.
We find no error in the district court’s conclusion that the evidence presented to it failed to support the contention that DiGae-tano would have given such testimony. Moreover, although DiGaetano’s death apparently was caused by a heart condition from which he had suffered for a substantial period of time, DiFrancesco made no effort to preserve by deposition the testimony that purportedly would have been given. In addition, as the district court noted, DiFrancesco’s motion and supporting materials contained no affidavit from Valenti concerning his whereabouts on October 11 and 12. Although Valenti was too ill to undergo trial at the same time as his co-defendants, there is no indication that his illness prevented him from asserting, by affidavit or any other means, his presence in Pittsburgh on the days in question.
Even if we assume then that the Plan and Act were violated and weigh such violation in our analysis of DiFrancesco’s claim, the balance tips strongly against his contention that his right to a speedy trial was violated.
DiFrancesco next argues that the court should have severed or declared a-mistrial as to Count II of the indictment because of an error that was not discovered until the conclusion of the presentation of the government’s case. At that time it was learned that the language contained in Count II of the copies of the indictment possessed by counsel for both the government and the defendants differed from that in the copy filed with the court. The prosecutor mistakenly had distributed copies of an earlier draft of the indictment, rather than the final, filed version. The earlier draft, which all counsel had assumed to be the actual indictment, named Valenti as the person who caused the damage to the old Federal Building and named the other defendants, including DiFrancesco, as aiders and abettors. The actual indictment named all the defendants as principals and, in addition, merely cited 18 U.S.C. § 2, the aiding and abetting statute.
DiFrancesco complains that as a result of this confusion, for which he bore no fault, he was convicted under a theory at substantial variance from that which he had a right to believe was the basis of the case. He argues that the assumed indictment was more narrowly drawn than the actual, and that therefore, the substitution of the actual version was forbidden by Stirone v. United States, 361 U.S. 212, 80 S.Ct. 270, 4 L.Ed.2d 252 (1960), which holds that a broadening of the charges may only be accomplished by the grand jury itself.
The decision in Stirone, however, is not relevant to the circumstances presented here. The Court relied in Stirone on the violation of “the defendant’s substantial right to be tried only on charges presented in an indictment returned by a grand jury.” Id. at 217, 80 S.Ct. at 273. There is no question that the count on which DiFrancesco ultimately was tried and convicted actually was returned by the grand jury, thus protecting his right to have his jeopardy limited to “offenses charged by a group of his fellow citizens acting independently of either prosecuting attorney or judge.” Id. at 218, 80 S.Ct. at 273. DiFrancesco’s real claim is that he was not afforded notice of the charge on which he was convicted. As the Supreme Court explained in Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 82, 55 S.Ct. 629, 630, 79 L.Ed. 1314 (1935), one of the reasons “that allegations and proof must correspond is the obvious [requirement] that the accused shall be definitely informed as to the charges against him, so that he may be enabled to present his defense and not be taken by surprise by the evidence offered at the trial . . ..” The protection of this right to notice of the charges requires a determination “whether there has been such a variance as to ‘affect the substantial rights’ of the accused.” Id.; United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 311 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986, 99 S.Ct. 581, 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); see United States v. Garguilo, 554 F.2d 59, 63 (2d Cir. 1977).
No such prejudicial variance occurred here. Although the assumed indictment was drawn somewhat more narrowly than was the actual indictment, the evidence introduced and the theory of culpability advanced by the government were not affected by the difference. The government offered no evidence as to who actually delivered the bomb to the Federal Building. Its evidence supported the narrower charge that Valenti “caused” the damage to the building because he directed the conspiracy. Finally, the government withdrew the aiding and abetting theory and proceeded on the “Pinkerton theory that each defendant was responsible for the substantive acts of his co-conspirators carried out in furtherance of the conspiracy. This theory would have been permissible under either version of Count II.
DiFrancesco’s claim of prejudice is unsubstantiated. He contends that, had he known the actual wording of the indictment, he would have conducted additional cross-examination of Monachino and would not have entered into certain stipulations. This contention is undermined, however, by counsel’s failure to ask the trial court to recall Monachino for further cross-examination and his failure to withdraw any of the stipulations, which had not yet been given to the jury. Since the difference in the two versions of the indictment caused no prejudice to any substantial rights of the accused, the district court did not err in denying severance or a mistrial.
DiFrancesco’s final argument involves Count VI, which accused him of unlawfully storing explosives. He contends that this count should have been dismissed because there was no proof presented that the storage continued after February 12, 1971, the effective date of 18 U.S.C. § 842(j), which he was charged with violating. We disagree.
The government offered evidence that, during the summer of 1970, DiFrancesco brought two boxes that contained dynamite, guns and various other items to a house in which Joseph Turri lived. DiFran-cesco received permission from Turri to store the boxes in the basement. On the night of October 11, DiFrancesco removed a burlap bag from the box and brought it upstairs to Turri’s apartment, where a meeting of the conspirators was held. There they used some of the material in the bag — dynamite, fuses and blasting caps — to construct the explosive devices which were used in the bombings. After the bombs had been made, the remaining material was put back into the bag. DiFrancesco then left the room with the bag and returned without it a short time later. No one actually saw DiFrancesco return the bag containing the remaining explosives to the basement. Turri testified that he moved the boxes from the basement to the attic of his new residence during the summer of 1971. Tur-ri’s wife testified that DiFrancesco called her at some time in 1973 and asked her to move the boxes from the attic to another location, which she did.
Although none of the witnesses actually examined the contents of the boxes after the effective date of the statute, the jury properly could have inferred that some of the explosives remained in the boxes after that time. The evidence supported a logical inference that, when DiFrancesco left the October 11, 1970 meeting for several minutes and returned without the burlap bag, he had returned the bag containing the remaining explosive materials to the boxes in the basement, and that the explosives remained in the boxes while Turri moved them to his new residence and until DiFran-cesco asked that they be moved again in 1973.
GOVERNMENT APPEAL OF THE SENTENCE
Prior to the start of DiFrancesco’s trial on the racketeering counts, the government, in compliance with 18 U.S.C. § 3575(a), filed a notice with the district court alleging that DiFrancesco was a “dangerous special offender,” as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 3575(e)(3) and (f). The filing of such a notice indicates the government’s intention to seek, if the defendant is convicted, imposition of an enhanced sentence as authorized by 18 U.S.C. § 3575(b).
On March 17,1978, after DiFrancesco had been convicted in both the racketeering and bombing trials, Judge Burke held a sentencing hearing, required by § 3575(b), to obtain information which, with that submitted during trial, would form the basis for his determination whether DiFrancesco was a dangerous special offender. On April 21, the court issued findings of fact and its conclusion that DiFrancesco was a dangerous special offender. United States v. DiFrancesco, Cr. 76-45 (W.D.N.Y. April 21, 1978). One week later, the court sentenced DiFrancesco to concurrent ten-year terms of imprisonment on the two racketeering counts, to be served concurrently with sentences totaling nine years which had been imposed by Judge Pratt on the bombing counts.
The government, under the. authority granted by 18 U.S.C. § 3576, filed a notice of appeal from the sentence imposed by Judge Burke. DiFrancesco argues that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in setting the sentence and, moreover, that such portion of § 3576 as authorizes the government to appeal a sentence where the defendant has not done so violates the double jeopardy clause of the fifth amendment. Since the government’s right to appeal and thus our jurisdiction to consider the merits of the sentence are dependent upon the constitutionality of the statutory provision, see United States v. Wilson, 420 U.S. 332, 339, 95 S.Ct. 1013, 43 L.Ed.2d 252 (1975), we must immediately confront the constitutional issue.
The concept of a government appeal to obtain an increase in a valid, enforceable sentence was unknown to the American legal system throughout most of this nation’s two hundred year history. Few states have given their appellate courts any power to increase a sentence, and in each instance where the power exists, it may be exercised only if the defendant has initiated the appellate proceeding by seeking review of the sentence. The United States, prior to 1970, did not have statutory authority to seek an increase in a sentence. In that year, however, Congress enacted 18 U.S.C. § 3576, which provides that, in a case involving a dangerous special offender, “a review of the sentence on the record of the sentencing court may be taken by the defendant or the United States to a court of appeals.” (Emphasis added.) The court of appeals is authorized to review “whether the procedure employed was lawful, the findings made were clearly erroneous, or the sentencing court’s discretion was abused,” and then to affirm” the sentence, impose any sentence that the trial court could have imposed, or remand for further sentencing proceedings.
The government has not rushed to make use of its new power to seek review of sentences. Whether this has resulted from doubts about' the constitutionality of the procedure, an extraordinary degree of satisfaction with the sentences imposed under the dangerous special offender provision, a decision to allocate prosecutorial resources to o,ther tasks, or other factors is of course only a matter of speculation, but this case is apparently the government’s first attempt to obtain review of a sentence on appeal. Moreover, the government’s primary response to DiFrancesco’s attack on the constitutionality of § 3576 is not that government-instigated review of a final sentence is constitutional, but rather that the sentence imposed by the district court is merely “tentative” and that thus the defendant is not placed twice in jeopardy.
The language of the statute does not support the construction urged by the government. Section 3575(b) requires that, if the district court finds the defendant to be a dangerous special offender, it “shall sentence the defendant to imprisonment for an appropriate term not to exceed twenty-five years . . ..” (Emphasis added.) This command is not tentative; the sentence imposed is effective immediately. This procedure contrasts with that provided in, e. g., 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), whereby a trial judge may designate a magistrate to conduct a hearing in certain matters and to submit “proposed” findings and recommendations, which have no force until they have been reviewed by the judge, who may accept, reject or modify them. Nor is the procedure here similar to that provided in 18 U.S.C. § 4205(c) (formerly 18 U.S.C. § 4208(b)), to which it is compared by the government. Section 4205(c) allows a court that desires more information before imposing sentence to commit the defendant to the custody of the Attorney General for a period which will “be deemed to be for the maximum sentence of imprisonment prescribed by law.” After the court obtains the desired information, it then may affirm the original commitment or impose a different sentence which of course cannot exceed the aforementioned maximum prescribed term. “It is plain that as far as the sentence is concerned the original order entered under [§ 4205(c)] is wholly tentative,” because “[t]he whole point of using [§ 4205(c)] is, in its own language, to get ‘more detailed information as a basis for determining the sentence to be imposed ..’ (Emphasis supplied.)” United States v. Behrens, 375 U.S. 162, 164-65, 84 S.Ct. 295, 296, 11 L.Ed.2d 224 (1963). In contrast, the commitment ordered by the district court pursuant to § 3575 is neither tentative nor merely a predicate to a sentence “to be imposed” by the court of appeals.
That Congress, as the government argues, could have written this statute in a manner analogous to § 4205(c) or in some other form which might not raise problems of double jeopardy is an inadequate response to the contention that the statute which Congress did write is constitutionally infirm. “ ‘[A]ppeals by the Government in criminal cases are something unusual, exceptional, not favored,’ at least in part because they always threaten to offend the policies behind the double-jeopardy prohibition.” Will v. United States, 389 U.S. 90, 96, 88 S.Ct. 269, 274, 19 L.Ed.2d 305 (1967) (citations omitted). Therefore, we are obliged to construe strictly the procedure that Congress has authorized and to determine whether it, not some other, hypothetical procedure, offends the double jeopardy clause.
The plain command of the fifth amendment is that no “person [shall] be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.” Although the phrase “life or limb” suggests only the most serious of penalties, it has long been established that it encompasses all penalties which may be imposed in criminal proceedings. Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519, 528, 95 S.Ct. 1779, 44 L.Ed.2d 346 (1975); Ex parte Lange, 85 U.S. (18 Wall.) 163, 170-73, 21 L.Ed. 872 (1873). A defendant who has stood trial and been convicted and sentenced by the district court has been placed once in jeopardy. Had the position advocated by Mr. Justice Holmes, dissenting in Kepner v. United States, 195 U.S. 100, 134, 24 S.Ct. 797, 49 L.Ed. 114 (1904), prevailed, the double jeopardy clause might present no barrier to an increased sentence on appeal. Justice Holmes argued that “logically and rationally a man cannot be said to be more than once in jeopardy in the same cause, however often he may be tried.” But the Supreme Court has never adopted this concept of “continuing jeopardy,” which, although it might have simplified the matter of government appeals, United States v. Scott, 437 U.S. 82, 90 n. 6, 98 S.Ct. 2187, 57 L.Ed.2d 65 (1978), would have greatly decreased the fifth amendment’s protection against government oppression. The legislative history of § 3576 demonstrates that Congress was cognizant of possible constitutional objections to the provision, but that it concluded that Kepner’s rejection of the continuing jeopardy concept should not apply to government appeal of a sentence rather than of an acquittal. S.Rep. No. 617, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. 95 (1969). We cannot perceive, however, how a defendant who, after being sentenced to several years’ imprisonment by a district court, might be subject to imposition of a sentence of deathupon a government appeal, would be any less placed twice in jeopardy of life or limb than was the defendant in Kepner, who, after acquittal in the court of first instance, was found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment for slightly less than two years upon appeal by the government. That § 3576 subjects a defendant “merely” to a longer term of imprisonment, not to the actual loss of his life, is a difference of degree, not principle, from the example given, for the double jeopardy clause applies equally to all criminal penalties. See supra at 783. Under the statute the government, dissatisfied with final judgment in one court, seeks a more favorable result in another tribunal. Therefore, the conclusion appears inescapable that to subject a defendant to the risk of substitution of a greater sentence, upon an appeal by the government, is to place him a second time “in jeopardy of life or limb.”
Since this is the first attempt to use a statute allowing such an appeal, there are no precedents directly on point. But the substantial body of double jeopardy case law, although hardly charting a straight-line path, see, e. g., United States v. Scott, supra, 437 U.S. 82, 98 S.Ct. 2187, 57 L.Ed.2d 65 overruling United States v. Jenkins, 420 U.S. 358, 95 S.Ct. 1006, 43 L.Ed.2d 250 (1975), supports the conclusion that we reach.
The guarantee against double jeopardy has been said to consist of three separate constitutional protections: (1) against a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal; (2) against a second prosecution for the same offense after conviction; and (3) against multiple punishments for the same offense. North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 717, 89 S.Ct. 2072, 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (1969). The interests underlying these protections are similar. United States v. Wilson, supra, 420 U.S. at 343, 95 S.Ct. 1013. They promote the goal of preserving the integrity of final judgments, Scott, supra, 437 U.S. at 92, 98 S.Ct. 2187, and protect the individual against oppression by the government. Id. at 99, 98 S.Ct. 2187. More particularly, the protection against reprosecution after acquittal safeguards the individual against the embarrassment, expense and ordeal of repeated attempts by the government to use its resources and power to convict him and reduces the danger that an innocent defendant may be found guilty. Serfass v. United States, 420 U.S. 377, 387-88, 95 S.Ct. 1055, 43 L.Ed.2d 265 (1975); Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187-88, 78 S.Ct. 221, 2 L.Ed.2d 199 (1957). And, at the root of the second and third of these protections is the idea, especially relevant here, expressed in Wilson, supra, 420 U.S. at 343, 95 S.Ct. at 1021-1022:
When a defendant has been once convicted and punished for a particular crime, ' principles of fairness and finality require that he not be subjected to the possibility of further punishment by being again tried or sentenced for the same offense.
This concern was perhaps most clearly expressed in Ex parte Lange, supra, 85 U.S. (18 Wall.) at 183, 21 L.Ed. 872:
For of what avail is the constitutional protection against more than one trial if there can be any number of sentences pronounced on the same verdict? Why is it that, having once been tried and found guilty, he can never be tried again for that offence? Manifestly it is not the danger or jeopardy of being a second time found guilty. It is the punishment that would legally follow the second conviction which is the real danger guarded against by the Constitution. But if, after judgment has been rendered on the conviction, and the sentence of that judgment executed on the criminal, he can’ be again sentenced on that conviction to another and different punishment, or to endure the same punishment a second time, is the constitutional restriction of any value? Is not its intent and its spirit in such a case as much violated as if a new trial had been had, and on a second conviction a second punishment inflicted?
The argument seems to us irresistible, and we do not doubt that the Constitution was designed as much to prevent the criminal from being twice punished for the same offence as from being twice tried for it.
The prohibition against multiple punishment has been so strongly felt that, although the question of increasing a valid sentence has never been squarely presented, numerous courts, including the Supreme Court, have emphatically stated in dictum that such a procedure would be impermissible. In United States v. Benz, 282 U.S. 304, 51 S.Ct. 113, 75 L.Ed. 354 (1931), the Court was confronted with the question whether a district court has the power, upon petition by a defendant, to reduce the sentence previously imposed on him. The Court noted the then-prevailing general rule that judgments, decrees and orders could be amended, modified or vacated by the court that made them, during the term at which they were made. It stated that this rule applied to criminal cases, “provided the punishment be not augmented,” id. at 307, 51 S.Ct. at 114, and held that because the district court had decreased, not increased, the punishment, it had acted within its power. The unanimous Court then stated that the distinction between decreasing and increasing a sentence was based “upon the ground that to increase the penalty is to subject the defendant to double punishment for the same offense in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution . . . .” Id.
In Murphy v. Massachusetts, 177 U.S. 155, 20 S.Ct. 639, 44 L.Ed. 711 (1900), the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the double jeopardy clause was offended when a defendant, whose original sentence had been vacated at his behest because the statute under which it was imposed was unlawfully applied, was resentenced under the appropriate statute to a term longer than the original one. The Court, however, distinguished the case before it from one in which “the [trial] court undertook to impose in invitum a second or additional sentence for the same offense, or to substitute one sentence for another.” Id. at 160, 20 S.Ct. at 641 (emphasis added). And again in Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1, 37 n. 68, 77 S.Ct. 1222, 1241 n. 68, 1 L.Ed.2d 1188 (1957), Mr. Justice Black’s plurality opinion, discussing the application of the Bill of Rights to military trials, stated:
In Swaim v. United States, 165 U.S. 553, 17 S.Ct. 448, 41 L.Ed. 823, this Court held that the President or commanding officer had power to return a case to a court-martial for an increase in sentence. If the double jeopardy provisions of the Fifth Amendment were applicable such a practice would be unconstitutional.
In Walsh v. Picard, 446 F.2d 1209 (1st Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 407 U.S. 921, 92 S.Ct. 2465, 32 L.Ed.2d 807 (1972), the court up- ■ held the Massachusetts statute which allows a reviewing court to increase as well as decrease the sentence of a defendant who seeks sentence review. But the court explicitly noted that “the Massachusetts procedure does not permit the state to reopen the question of sentence on its own initiative. Were it to do so, it would of course violate the proscription against double jeopardy.” Id. at 1211. Several other courts of appeal, including this one, have stated that a sentence may not be increased, at least where, as here, the punishment already has been partly suffered, United States v. Chiarella, 214 F.2d 838, 841 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 348 U.S. 902, 75 S.Ct. 226, 99 L.Ed. 708 (1954); Oxman v. United States, 148 F.2d 750, 753 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 325 U.S. 887, 65 S.Ct. 1569, 89 L.Ed. 2001 (1945); Frankel v. United States, 131 F.2d 756, 758 (6th Cir. 1942); Rowley v. Welch, 72 App. D.C. 351, 114 F.2d 499, 501 n. 3 (1940), and the defendant has not challenged the sentence. United States v. Coke, 404 F.2d 836, 845 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc).
Although such dicta of course are not legally binding, their number and the high authority of their sources offer impressive evidence of the strength and prevalence of the view that the double jeopardy clause bars an increase in the sentence imposed by the district_ court.
The conclusion reached here does not conflict with the Supreme Court’s decision in North Carolina v. Pearce, supra, 395 U.S. 711, 89 S.Ct. 2072, 23 L.Ed.2d 656. There the Court held that the double jeopardy clause did not prohibit imposition of a greater sentence on retrial than had been imposed at the original trial of a defendant, where the defendant succeeded in getting his first conviction set aside. The Court relied in Pearce on United States v. Ball, 163 U.S. 662, 16 S.Ct. 1192, 41 L.Ed. 300 (1896), which had established that “this constitutional guarantee imposes no limitations whatever upon the power to retry a defendant who has succeeded in getting his first conviction set aside,” Pearce, supra, 395 U.S. at 720, 89 S.Ct. at 2078 (emphasis in original), and on Stroud v. United States, 251 U.S. 15, 40 S.Ct. 50, 64 L.Ed. 103 (1919), which held that a corollary of that power to retry was the power to impose any legally authorized sentence.
Although various rationales have been advanced and rejected for the rule that a defendant may be retried after reversal of an original conviction, see Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1, 15 n. 9, 98 S.Ct. 2141, 57 L.Ed.2d 1 (1978), the Court most recently adopted, in its unanimous opinion in Burks, id. at 15,<’98 S.Ct. at 2149, the justification offered in United States v. Tateo, 377 U.S. 463, 466, 84 S.Ct. 1587, 12 L.Ed.2d 448 (1964):
It would be a high price indeed for society to pay were every accused granted immunity from punishment because of any defect sufficient to constitute reversible error in the proceedings leading to conviction.
This rationale, however, does not fully explain the result in Pearce since a defendant would not be granted immunity from punishment if the sentence on retrial were limited to that imposed at the first trial. Rather, Pearce depends too on a second line of reasoning, that the double jeopardy protection simply has no relevance where “the. original conviction has, at the defendant’s behest, been wholly nullified and the- slate wiped clean.” Pearce, supra, 395 U.S. at 721, 89 S.Ct. at 2078. This outcome does not result from any “waiver” of double jeopardy protections, as was suggested in Trono v. United States, 199 U.S. 521, 533, 26 S.Ct. 121, 50 L.Ed. 292 (1905), and rejected in Green v. United States, supra, 355 U.S. at 191-92, 78 S.Ct. 221, but instead is compelled by the fact that “the Double Jeopardy Clause, which guards against Government oppression, does not relieve a defendant from the consequences of his voluntary choice.” Scott, supra, 437 U.S. at 99, 98 S.Ct. at 2198.
Here, however, neither factor that militated against the application of the double jeopardy clause to resentencing in Pearce is present. There is not the slightest danger that DiFrancesco will go unpunished if the government’s appeal is dismissed. The ten-year terms imposed on him by Judge Burke are valid and enforceable, and in fact are already being served. Moreover, DiFrancesco has made no “voluntary choice” that has subjected him to jeopardy for a second time. He faces the risk of an increased sentence solely because the government desires a second chance to obtain a sentence satisfactory to it.
We do not deny the existence of legitimate governmental interests that might be served by allowing the government to appeal a sentence, e. g., improved uniformity in sentencing. But such interests must be pursued in alternative ways that do not conflict with the fifth amendment’s guarantee against double jeopardy. “[Wjhere [, as here,] the Double Jeopardy Clause is applicable, its sweep is absolute. There are no equities to be balanced, for the Clause has declared a constitutional policy, based on grounds which are not open to judicial examination.” Burks v. United States, supra, 437 U.S. at 11 n. 6, 98 S.Ct. at 2147. To subject Eugene DiFrancesco for a second time to the risk of the entire range of penalties that the Jaw provides for his crimes would violate that constitutional policy. The appeal by the government therefore must be dismissed.
The judgments of conviction are affirmed, and the appeal by the government is dismissed.
HAIGHT, District Judge
(concurring in the result on the government’s appeal).
I concur in Judge Smith’s opinion affirming DiFrancesco’s convictions, and agree that the government’s appeal must be dismissed. However, I would base that dismissal upon the non-constitutional ground of the inapplicability of 18 U.S.C. § 3576 in the circumstances of this case.
In United States v. Batchelder,—U.S.—,—, 99 S.Ct. 2198, 2199, 60 L.Ed.2d 755 (1979), the Supreme Court reiterated the maxim “that statutes should be construed to avoid constitutional questions,” going on to state:
“This ‘cardinal principle’ of statutory construction ... is appropriate only when an alternative interpretation is ‘fairly possible’ from the language of the statute. Swain v. Pressley, 430 U.S. 372, 378 n. 11, 97 S.Ct. 1224, 1228, 51 L.Ed.2d 411 (1977); see Crowell v. Benson, 285 U.S. 22, 62, 52 S.Ct. 285, 296, 76 L.Ed. 598 (1932); United States v. Sullivan, 332 U.S. 689, 693, 68 S.Ct. 331, 334, 92 L.Ed. 297 (1948); Shapiro v. United States, 335 U.S. 1, 31, 68 S.Ct. 1375, 1391, 92 L.Ed. 1787 (1948).”
While neither DiFrancesco nor the government raised the issue below, this “cardinal principle” of statutory construction permits a court to consider sua sponte whether the sentencing procedures in §§ 3575 and 3576 can be interpreted so as to avoid the constitutional question. Clearly such an interpretation is “fairly possible” from the language of the statute.
Governmental appeal of a sentence under § 3576 is available only in respect of an individual properly proceeded against in the district court as a “dangerous special offender” under § 3575(a). To come within the statute, the offender must be both “special” as defined by § 3575(e), and “dangerous” as defined by § 3575(f). DiFrancesco qualifies as “special” under § 3575(e)(3). He is “dangerous” under § 3575(f) if, and only if, “a period of confinement longer than that provided for such felony is required for the protection of the public from further criminal conduct by the defendant.” (emphasis added).
Section 3575(b) provides in pertinent part:
“If it appears by a preponderance of the information, including information submitted during the trial of such felony and the sentencing hearing and so much of the presentence report as the court relies upon, that the defendant is a dangerous special offender, the court shall sentence the defendant to imprisonment for an appropriate term not to exceed twenty-five years and not disproportionate in severity to the maximum term otherwise authorized by law for such felony. Otherwise it shall sentence the defendant in accordance with the law prescribing penalties for such felony.”
I construe the statute to provide the district judge with an additional capacity to impose a sentence of up to twenty-five years in cases where the underlying statute, standing alone, would not permit a term of such duration. Stated conversely, if the period of confinement provided for the felony by the underlying statute equals or exceeds twenty-five years, the dangerous special offender statute has no office to perform.
If that is the proper interpretation of the dangerous special offender statute, it could not apply to DiFrancesco. DiFrancesco was prosecuted under the racketeering statute, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961 et seq. He was convicted of a substantive offense under § 1962(c), and conspiracy under § 1962(d). The district court had the unquestioned power under the underlying statute, entirely without regard to the dangerous special offender statute, to sentence DiFrancesco to two consecutive 20 year terms, for a total of 40 years, or 15 years longer than the maximum term permitted *by § 3576. The district court’s discretionary power to impose consecutive, rather than concurrent, sen-tenees upon a defendant convicted on more than one count has been recognized for so long that it may fairly be regarded as inherent in the “period of confinement . provided for such felony” by the underlying statute. In urging sentencing judges to impose consecutive sentences where the circumstances permit, prosecutors can and frequently do make the same arguments (the defendant is dangerous, the public must be protected) that the dangerous special offender statute contemplates.
Such arguments could have been made in the case at bar, and a sentence passed in excess of the maximum permitted by § 3576, entirely on the basis of the underlying felony statute, and the district court’s well-established discretionary power to impose separate sentences on separate counts and make them run consecutively. I interpret §§ 3575 and 3576 to be inapplicable in those circumstances and would dismiss the government’s appeal on that ground, leaving the constitutional question for a case in which it cannot be avoided.
. This investigation resulted in the filing of an indictment in the Western District on April 12, 1979 against five members of the Monroe County Sheriffs Office. United States v. Ken-nerson, Cr. 79-65.
. Only two of the defendants named in the state court indictment had been tried. The jury acquitted Joseph Nalore, one of DiFrancesco’s co-defendants in this case, but was unable to agree on a verdict as to Lawrence Uchie. Uchie then entered an "Alford plea” of guilty, see North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970), to the state charges, while at the same time maintaining his innocence.
. The ritual, which included the recitation of an oath of loyalty to the organization, consisted of pricking one’s trigger finger, absorbing the blood in a tissue and holding the tissue in one’s hand while it burned.
. The court instructed the jury:
You have heard numerous references during the course of this trial to the Federal Witness Protection Program. Federal law provides that the Attorney General of the United States is authorized to provide for the security of government witnesses, potential government witnesses and potential witnesses in legal proceedings against any person alleged to have participated in any organized crime activity.
Federal law also provides that the Attorney General of the United States is authorized to provide for the health, safety and welfare of witnesses and persons intended to be called as government witnesses and the families of witnesses and persons intended to be called as government witnesses in legal proceedings instituted against any person alleged to have participated in an organized crime activity whenever in his judgment testimony from, or a willingness to testify by such a witness would place his life or person or the life or person of a member of his family or household in jeopardy.
. Two of DiFrancesco’s co-defendants, but not DiFrancesco himself, moved for dismissal of the indictment in March 1977, alleging a violation of the Speedy Trial Act. These motions of course do not evidence any assertion by DiFrancesco of his right to a speedy trial.
. The government contended at trial that Valenti arranged and conducted a meeting in Rochester on October II, 1979, at which the bombings were planned, and that he also took part in the bombings.
. The absence of evidence to support the claim of prejudice perhaps is explained by Valenti’s subsequent plea of guilty, entered on February 15, 1979 before Judge Curtin, to one count of the indictment in this case. Valenti entered his plea after the attorney for the Department of Justice had recited a summary of the testimony which the government would have offered if the case against Valenti had gone to trial. This included testimony placing Valenti in Rochester on October 11 and 12. Valenti offered no objection or comment in response to this summary.
. Count II of the draft of the indictment charged:
THAT, on or about October 11 and 12, 1970, in the Western District of New York, the Defendant herein, FRANK J. VALENTI unlawfully did wilfully cause the wilful injury to and commission of depredations against the property of the United States of America and the departments and agencies thereof— namely the premises known as the (old) Federal Building located at Church and Fitzhugh Streets in the City of Rochester, New York— the damages to the said premises having exceeded the sum of $100:
AND, at the time and place aforesaid, RENE J. PICCARRETO, SALVATORE GIN-GELLO, THOMAS DIDIO, DOMINIC CELES-TINO, EUGENE DI FRANCESCO, ANGELO VACCARA and ANTHONY GINGELLO, the Defendants herein, unlawfully did aid, abet, counsel, command, induce and procure the commission of the aforesaid offense, all of which was in violation of the provisions of Sections 1361 and 2 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
. Count II of the filed indictment charged:
THAT, on or about October 11 and 12, 1970, in the Western District of New York, the Defendants herein, FRANK J. VALENTI, RENE J. PICCARRETO, SALVATORE GIN-GELLO, THOMAS DIDIO, DOMINIC CELES-TINO, EUGENE DI FRANCESCO, ANGELO VACCARO and ANTHONY GINGELLO unlawfully and wilfully did injure and cause injury to and the commission of depredations against the property of the United States of America and the departments and agencies thereof — namely, the premises known as the (old) Federal Building located at Church and Fitzhugh Streets in the City of Rochester, New York — the damages to the said premises having exceeded the sum of $100, all of which was in violation of the provisions of Sections 1361 and 2 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
. Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640, 646-47, 66 S.Ct. 1180, 90 L.Ed. 1489 (1946).
. 18 U.S.C. § 3576 provides:
With respect to the imposition, correction, or reduction of a sentence after proceedings under section 3575 of this chapter, a review of the sentence on the record of the sentencing court may be taken by the defendant or the United States to a court of appeals. Any review of the sentence taken by the United States shall be taken at least five days before expiration of the time for taking a review of the sentence or appeal of the conviction by the defendant and shall be diligently prosecuted. The sentencing court may, with or without motion and notice, extend the time for taking a review of the sentence for a period not to exceed thirty days from the expiration of the time otherwise prescribed by law. The court shall not extend the time for taking a review of the sentence by the United States after the time has expired. A court extending the time for taking a review of the sentence by the United States shall extend the time for taking a review of the sentence or appeal of the conviction by the defendant for the same period. The taking of a review of the sentence by the United States shall be deemed the taking of a review of the sentence and an appeal of the conviction by the defendant. Review of the sentence shall include review of whether the procedure employed was lawful, the findings made were clearly erroneous, or the sentencing court’s discretion was abused. The court of appeals on review of the sentence may, after considering the record, including the entire pre-sentence report, information submitted during the trial of such felony and the sentencing hearing, and the findings and reasons of the sentencing court, affirm the sentence, impose or direct the imposition of any sentence which the sentencing court could originally have imposed, or remand for further sentencing proceedings and imposition of sentence, except that a sentence may be made more severe only on review of the sentence taken by the United States and after hearing. Failure of the United States to take a review of the imposition of the sentence shall, upon review taken by the United States of the correction or reduction of the sentence, foreclose imposition of a sentence more severe than that previously imposed. Any withdrawal or dismissal of review of the sentence taken by the United States shall foreclose imposition of a sentence more severe than that reviewed but shall not otherwise foreclose the review of the sentence or the appeal of the conviction. The court of appeals shall state in writing the reasons for its disposition of the review of the sentence. Any review of the sentence taken by the United States may be dismissed on a showing of abusf of the right of the United States to take such review.
. Although DiFrancesco asserts that § 3576 also runs afoul of the due process and equal protection clauses of the fifth amendment, he frames his argument solely in .terms of double jeopardy. In light of our disposition of the double jeopardy claim, we need not consider whether other constitutional provisions might also prohibit the government’s appeal.
. Judge Haight argues in his opinion concurring in the result that § 3575 was inapplicable to DiFrancesco and that therefore it is unnecessary to reach the constitutional issue because
(1) § 3575(f) provides that a defendant is “dangerous” “if a period of confinement longer than that provided for such felony is required . . ’’;
(2) § 3575(b) provides for a maximum term of twenty-five years; and (3) DiFrancesco already was subject, without use of the dangerous special offender sentencing provision, to a total sentence of forty years, consisting of consecutive twenty-year terms for each of the two counts of which he was convicted.
However, a defendant who has been convicted on more than one count comes before the district court for sentencing on each of the counts for which he has been convicted. The determination whether a defendant is a “special offender” for the purpose of sentencing on each count depends upon whether the particular felony in question satisfies the requirements of § 3575(e). Moreover, the language of § 3575(f) refers to a need for confinement longer than that provided for the underlying “felony,” not “felonies.”
Therefore, the application of § 3575 depends on a particularized determination with regard to each of the felonies for which dangerous special offender sentencing is sought. Indeed, the district court did consider each of DiFran-cesco’s two convictions separately and imposed separate, albeit concurrent, sentences for them. Since the maximum sentence of twenty years for each of DiFrancesco’s two felony convictions was less than the twenty-five year term available under § 3575, the district court properly could find that the statute was applicable.
We express no opinion as to whether § 3575 authorizes the imposition of consecutive sentences totaling more than twenty-five years.
. Where the original sentence imposed by the trial court is invalid because of, e. g., failure to impose a mandatory minimum penalty, the sentence may be corrected, even if doing so increases the punishment, because otherwise “no valid and enforceable sentence can be imposed at all.” Bozza v. United States, 330 U.S. 160, 166, 67 S.Ct. 645, 649, 91 L.Ed. 818 (1947). Here, however, the sentence imposed by Judge Burke was within that legally authorized and thus is enforceable.
. As of 1978, Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana and New Hampshire allowed appellate courts to increase a sentence, but only if the defendant sought review. Citations to these states’ statutory provisions are collected in Dunsky, The Constitutionality of Increasing Sentences on Appellate Review, ’69 J.Crim.L. & Criminology 19, 20 nn. 7-8 (1978). This court knows of no state which subsequently has authorized an increased sentence upon, prosecutorial appeal.
. Such power also exists under 21 U.S.C. § 849, a similar provision which deals with “dangerous special drug offenders.” This provision also was enactéd in 1970. Since that time, legislation has been introduced in Congress, as part of the proposed comprehensive revision of the federal criminal code, to extend the government’s power to seek sentence review beyond the dangerous offender context to encompass all cases in which the sentence imposed by the district court varies by some preestablished degree from proposed sentencing guidelines. See, e. g., § 3725 of the Criminal Code Reform Act of 1977, S. 1437, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. (1977). Such legislation has not been enacted.
. The government has directed our attention to several other appellate decisions dealing with aspects of the dangerous special offender provisions. In none of these cases, however, did the government seek review of a sentence imposed under § 3575. Rather, the government has appealed a district court’s refusal to sentence a defendant under the special provisions because, e. g., the district court ruled that the government had failed to comply with § 3575’s notice provision, United States v. I lac-
qua 562 F.2d 399 (6th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 917, 98 S.Ct. 1473, 55 L.Ed.2d 509 (1978), or it held the statute to be unconstitutionally vague. United States v. Stewart, 531 F.2d 326 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 922, 96 S.Ct. 2629, 49 L.Ed.2d 376 (1976). In these cases, the court of appeals vacated the non-enhanced sentences imposed under the ordinary sentencing provisions and remanded for resentencing under § 3575. Although the defendants thereby were exposed to the possibility of an increased penalty upon resentencing, this danger resulted from their voluntary decisions to contest the use of § 3575 in the original proceedings. Thus, these previous cases did not involve the double jeopardy considerations raised by the government’s attempt to appeal a sentence actually imposed under § 3575. See text, infra, at 782.
. DiFrancesco is presently incarcerated in federal prison at Atlanta, Georgia, serving the sentences imposed by Judge Pratt and Judge Burke.
. We note that at least some of the alternative procedures suggested by the government would raise issues that Congress did not have to consider in enacting § 3576. For example, a system whereby the district court tentatively imposed the maximum permissible sentence with provision for review and possible reduction by the court of appeals would likely result in an appeal of the sentence being taken by the defendant in every dangerous special offender case. -This would increase the appellate caseload and in effect would reverse the usual presumption of finality which is accorded district court orders and judgments. Since we cannot know how Congress would weigh these additional considerations, we must reject the government’s suggestion that a failure to read § 3576 in the light of possible alternatives will result in frustration of the Congressional intent.
We of course express no opinion as to the constitutionality of any alternative methods by which sentencing review might be accomplished.
. The existing and proposed provisions for government appeal of sentences have generated a substantial amount of comment in the legal literature. Some commentators have argued that such provisions violate the guarantee against double jeopardy, e. g., Spence, The Federal Criminal Code Reform Act of 1977 and Prosecutorial Appeal of Sentences: Justice or Double Jeopardy?, 37 Maryland L.Rev. 739 (1978); Note, Twice in Jeopardy: Prosecutorial Appeals of Sentences, 63 Virginia L.Rev. 325 (1977), while others have contended that the provisions would be constitutional, e. g., Dun-sky, The Constitutionality of Increasing Sentences on Appellate Review, 69 J.Crim.L. & Criminology 19 (1978), and at least one commentator has surveyed the competing arguments and concluded that “the answer is simply unclear.” Low, Special Offender Sentencing, 8 Am.Crim.L.Q. 70, 91 (1970).
. In addition, it is now clear that a defendant’s “valued right to have his trial completed by a particular tribunal,” Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 684, 689, 69 S.Ct. 834, 837, 93 L.Ed. 974 (1949), is also encompassed by the double jeopardy clause. Crist v. Bretz, 437 U.S. 28, 36, 98 S.Ct. 2156, 57 L.Ed.2d 24 (1978).
. The principle that the double jeopardy • clause bars multiple punishment has not been undermined by the Supreme Gourt’s statements that the prohibition of the double jeopardy clause “is not against being twice punished, but against being twice put in jeopardy,” United States v. Bali, 163 U.S. 662, 669, 16 S.Ct. 1192, 1194, 41 L.Ed. 300 (1896), and “is written in terms of potential or risk of trial and conviction, not punishment.” Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519, 532, 95 S.Ct. 1779, 44 L.Ed.2d 346 (1975) (emphasis in original), quoting Price v. Georgia, 398 U.S. 323, 329, 90 S.Ct. 1757, 26 L.Ed. 200 (1970). In each of those cases, the Court was not limiting the scope of double jeopardy protection, but instead was rejecting arguments that the clause prohibited only multiple punishment. The Court held that the double jeopardy clause prohibits retrial where the defendant has been the subject of an express, Ball, or implied, Price, acquittal, or of a juvenile proceeding in which he was found guilty but where no disposition was entered. Breed.
. Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure now permits a district court to reduce a sentence within 120 days after the sen-fence is imposed or the conviction is affirmed on appeal.
. Cf. Arizona v. Washington, 434 U.S. 497, 509, 98 S.Ct. 824, 832, 54 L.Ed.2d 717 (1978) (failure to allow retrial after mistrial declared because of “manifest necessity” would deprive society of its “one complete opportunity to convict those who have violated its laws”; Bozza v. United States, 330 U.S. 160, 166, 67 S.Ct. 645, 649, 91 L.Ed. 818 (1947) (invalid sentence may be corrected even if doing so necessitates increase in punishment because otherwise “no valid and enforceable sentence can be imposed at all” and a convicted criminal will go free).
. The government correctly does not contend that DiFrancesco has exposed himself to an increased sentence by appealing his conviction. Section 3576 distinguishes between an appeal of a conviction, which brings before us only the propriety of the process by which the defendant was convicted, and a review of a sentence. The statute allows the government to seek review of a sentence without regard to whether the defendant has chosen to appeal.
That it might be constitutionally permissible to impose consent to sentence review as a condition to exercise of a defendant’s right to appeal, cf. Walsh v. Picard, 446 F.2d 1209 (1st Cir. 1971) (constitutional to allow increase as well as decrease in sentence when defendant petitions for sentence review), a question which we need not decide, is irrelevant here, where § 3576 imposes no such condition. Considerations of due process would require that a defendant be informed of such a consequence of his decision to appeal.
. Section 3575 provides:
“(e) A defendant is a special offender for purposes of this section if—
“(3) such felony was, or the defendant committed such felony in furtherance of, a conspiracy with three or more other persons to engage in a pattern of conduct criminal under applicable laws of any jurisdiction, and the defendant did, or agreed that he would, initiate, organize, plan, finance, direct, manage, or supervise all or part of such conspiracy or conduct, or give or receive a bribe or use force as all or part of such conduct.”
The district court found that the conspiratorial elements of the crimes for which DiFrancesco was convicted satisfied the requirements of the statute. A.51-56.
. The legislative history is not voluminous on the point, but such indications as there are favor this interpretation. The Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, writing to the House Judiciary Committee on the wording of § 3575(b), and particularly on the point of whether the statute should read “shall” sentence or “may” sentence, said in part:
“We think that the term ‘shall’ as used here is appropriate. It conforms with the language generally used in the sentencing provisions of title 18, which has not previously been misconstrued as providing for a mandatory minimum sentence. Furthermore, inasmuch as an offender in any of the three defined categories is to be considered ‘dangerous’ only when the court fínds that a longer prison term than that which may be imposed for the felony of which he has been convicted is required to protect the public from further criminal conduct on his part, it would be incongruous for the court to fail to sentence a ‘dangerous’ offender to any prison term at all. Therefore, a provision that some such term of imprisonment ‘shall’ be imposed is appropriate for the purposes of the title. If a court finds that the usual maximum term for the felony, or any lesser term, is ail that should be imposed, by definition the court could not find the defendant to be a dangerous special offender. The proposed change from ‘shall’ to ‘may’ therefore, would serve no purpose.” 2 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin. News, pp. 4007, 4065-6 (1970) (emphasis added).
The House Report says of § 3575(f):
“Subsection (f) provides that a defendant is ‘dangerous’ if confinement longer than that ordinarily provided is required to protect the public from further crime by him.” Id. at 4039.
I construe the phrase “ordinarily provided” to mean the penalties provided by the underlying felony statute.
. That section provides:
“It shall be unlawful for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or foreign commerce, to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise’s affairs through a pattern of racketeering activity or collection of unlawful debt.”
. That section provides:
“It shall be unlawful for any person to conspire to violate any of the provisions of subsections (a), (b), or (c) of this section.”
. 18 U.S.C. § 1963 provides in pertinent part: “(a) Whoever violates any provision of section 1962 of this chapter shall be fined not more than $25,000 or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both, and shall forfeit to the United States (1) any interest he-has acquired or maintained in violation of section 1962, and (2) any interest in, security of, claim against, or property or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over, any enterprise which he has established, operated, controlled, conducted, or participated in the conduct of, in violation of section 1962.”
. See United States v. Daugherty, 269 U.S. 360, 363, 46 S.Ct. 156, 70 L.Ed. 309 (1926), adopting the reasoning of Neely v. United States, 2 F.2d 849, 852-3 (2d Cir. 1924), which in turn relied upon the statement in Ex parte DeBara, 179 U.S. 316, 322, 21 S.Ct. 110, 113, 45 L.Ed. 207 (1900) that a court, by exercising such sentencing options, “may express its views of the criminality of a defendant . . .”
I do not find in the legislative history of the special dangerous offender act specific reference to the trial judge’s ability to impose consecutive sentences in multiple count indictments, but the Congress must surely have been aware of so established a power.
. If my interpretation of the statute is wrong, and the constitutional question is unavoidably presented by this case, then I am in complete agreement with Judge Smith’s scholarly demonstration that the statute violates the double jeopardy clause of the fifth amendment.
| CASELAW |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Voice of the customer
The result was keep. (non-admin closure) Winged Blades Godric 06:20, 21 May 2017 (UTC)
Voice of the customer
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
This article should be deleted as it is not notable per the WP:GNG as there is no "significant coverage of the subject in reliable sources". The only reference provided in the article is a Wall Street Journal article which requires a paid subscription. A WP:BEFORE search found no reliable sources that mention this subject. -KAP03(Talk • Contributions • Email) 19:02, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. North America1000 21:02, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Computing-related deletion discussions. North America1000 21:02, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
References
* Keep – WP:GNG pass. Entire books are devoted to the topic, and the topic is also covered in scholarly sources. See source examples below; additional sources are readily available. North America1000 21:07, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
* Voice of the Customer: Capture and Analysis. McGraw Hill Professional.
* Acquiring, Processing, and Deploying: Voice of the Customer. CRC Press.
* Satisfaction: How Every Great Company Listens to the Voice of the Customer. Penguin.
* Listening to the Voice of the Customer. Purdue University Press.
* Voice-of-the-Customer Marketing. McGraw Hill Professional.
* The Service-dominant Logic of Marketing: Dialog, Debate, and Directions. Chapter 8. Routledge.
* Developing New Services: Incorporating the Voice of the Customer Into Strategic Service Development. ASQ Press.
* The Voice of the Customer. Marketing Science.
* Seeing the voice of the customer: Metaphor-based advertising research. Journal of Advertising Research.
* 'Voice of the Customer. Journal of Clinical Engineering.
* Marketing online banking services: The voice of the customer. Journal of Financial Services Marketing.
* Voices Into Choices: Acting on the Voice of the Customer. Oriel Incorporated.
* The Voice of the Customer in Product Development (4th Edition). Multimedia Pub
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Technology-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 17:31, 14 May 2017 (UTC)
* Keep. Based on prevalence in sources, this does appear to be an encyclopedically notable concept within the jargon of the industries that use it. bd2412 T 19:19, 14 May 2017 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Al Ghurair
Al Ghurair (Arabic: الغرير) was established in 1960. Al Ghurair is one of the largest diversified family business groups in the Middle East, with six key business units: Foods, Resources, Properties, Construction, Mobility and Ventures, including Auto Servicing & Trading, Retail and Education (Dar Al Marefa).
Foods
Al Ghurair Foods was established in 1976 through the creation of National Flour Mills. The entity focuses on a diversified portfolio of food products. In 2011 Al Ghurair Foods had a market presence in 20 countries over 4 continents. Jenan is Al Ghurair Foods' principal brand offering products that include flour, pasta, edible oils, animal nutrition, fibers & livestock feeds, mono-gastric feeds and premixes. In 2010 plans were announced to open a new factory in Jebel Ali, Dubai to explore export opportunities primarily in Indonesia and Japan.
Resources
Al Ghurair Resources International provides manufacturers and traders in the Food and Biofuel industries with their agricultural raw material requirement such as:
* Grain – wheat, maize, rice, pulses, and barley
* Protein – soybean meal, canola meal and soybean hulls
* Oil – crude and refined canola oil, soya bean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and refined palm oils
* Pulses – Bulk Pulses (Yellow Chick Peas Split, Red Lentils) & Packed Pulses (Red Lentils, Red Kidney Beans, White Kidney Beans & Chick Peas Split)
* Fiber – bran, oaten hay, and alfalfa.
Construction
Al Ghurair Construction was founded in the 60's and focuses on aluminium, foundations, masonry and readymix. Projects associated with this entity include Burj Khalifa, Fairmont Hotel, Emirates Towers, BurJuman, Dubai Metro, Etisalat, Kempinski Hotel and Dubai Roads and Transport Authority.
Properties
Al Ghurair Properties focuses on mixed use, commercial, hospitality and residential real estate projects. Al Ghurair Centre, a development consisting of shopping, residential and commercial markets is a project associated with the group. The commercial properties division focuses on offices, warehouse and factory facilities. Retail Initiative develops and manages retail properties and the hospitality portfolio, including both hotel and apartment properties.
Mobility
Cars Taxi, the largest taxi fleet provider in Dubai, is part of Al Ghurair's mobility sector. Badr Al Ghurair is the Chief Executive Officer of CarsTaxi. In his role, Badr oversees the ongoing operations of all divisions. CarsTaxi was the first taxi company in the UAE to incorporate hybrid taxis into their fleet. Badr Al Ghurair is the son of Abdulla bin Ahmad Al Ghurair, the founder and chairman of Mashreqbank, an Emirati bank
Ventures
Al Ghurair Printing & Publishing was established in 1978 and focuses on printing and publishing. The services include designing, prepress, production, binding & finishing, quality control and logistics.
Retail
Al Ghurair Retail LLC operates 60 stores in 3 countries for the brands Springfield and THEFACESHOP. The retail distribution and warehousing facility is located in Dubai.
Auto
AG Auto functions through a network of offices in UAE and Saudi Arabia.
Al Ghurair Auto is the exclusive distributor of Chinese automaker EXEED Automobile Company (EXEED) in UAE.
Education
Dar Al Marefa and Al Ghurair University are educational institutions associated with the group. Dar Al Marefa is a school based in Dubai. The school provides a bilingual curriculum with the syllabi covering social, physical and academic development. Al Ghurair University (AGU), based in Dubai, was a private higher educational institution that focused on accredited bachelor degree programmes for students. AGU closed its doors in 2022. | WIKI |
« ПретходнаНастави »
assault him there, was a breach of his peace. The origin of the feeling about this may go clear back to the animal world. A dog, or even so timid a beast as a rabbit, will fight better on his own ground. The aggressor frequently acts as if he knew that he was out of his own bounds.
So the king would have an especial right to have peace in his own house. It was an easy step from this to extend the house that the king lived in to the house or precincts of the king's court; then to the king's highway, to the king's servants, and to the markets held under his protection. Finally, what was a privilege of the few, and of a small region, was held to cover all men and all places in the kingdom. If a man wanted to get the powerful help of the king's courts, he could claim that the king's peace had been broken. This made it far more dangerous to rob and kill. At first
peace ” of the king was supposed to hold only while the king was alive. When a king died there was no king's peace until the new king was crowned. Hence, there was sometimes a sort of
as we say now with reference to shooting game.
When Henry I died in 1135 " there was tribulation in the land, for every man that could forthwith robbed another."
Besides punishing crime, the state aimed also in many ways to prevent crime. A curfew law compelled all to cover up their fires and stay in after eight o'clock in the evening. One of the chief means of keeping order was a system of small responsible groups. By an ingenious change of the old principle that a man's kin were responsible, the state required every man, with a few exceptions, to belong to a small group called
frankpledge,” or sometimes " tithing,” which could be held responsible. When any man was accused of a
Curfew and frankpledge
crime and did not appear for trial his tithing had to pay a fine. It can be imagined that the “ tithingman,” the head of this group of ten or twelve, would keep a close watch over the group. It is interesting that the early New England towns always elected a tithingman whose chief duty seems to have been to keep order in the meeting-house.
(3) The state brought about a Common Law. How Common did it come about that one system of law held for Lew the whole country? In early days there were a great many different“ customs ” of different places or groups, but no single law of the land. A “court” was a sort of town meeting or county meeting. There were no lawyers, no judges, no jury, no witnesses. The meeting voted what should be done. Now the king was a great landholder and also had a great many officers. He, then, held a court just as a lord or sheriff held a court.
If the king could not always hold court himself he had representatives to preside for him. The next step was to send these justices around the country to hold court. So long as each village or county held its own court, it would keep its own customs. The northern part where the Danes settled had a Dane law, the county of Kent had its customs, the West had its customs. Some towns would have special tolls and rules. But when the king's justices judged cases they decided by what they called the custom of England. They followed the same rules, no matter where they were holding court. These rules or customs which were common to the whole country were called “ law." The king's courts which worked out this common law had a reason for hearing as many cases as they could. It was so poor a reason that it seems quite un
The king's court
dignified, not to say disgraceful. The reason was that
But if you do not have a monopoly, you cannot have a large business unless you sell what people want. The king's court did not at first have a monopoly even of murder trials. There were other courts. But it was often the case that a man could not get justice in the other courts. Then he would try the king's court, which was often more satisfactory than others. In time it came to be held that any one might purchase a “writ” of the king's court, and by it try to get justice done. Though if a man was not exactly sure what to call the injury that had been done him, he ran a risk of buying the wrong document. It was something like buying shoes for another person without knowing what size would fit. We might think justice should proceed by asking both sides simply to tell their stories, and then having the judge ask questions and decide what is fair. This was not the way the courts got at it. The man who brought the case had to charge the other with some specific kind of wrong, and then prove this. But the important thing was that all the king's subjects had a right to claim his justice.
Why was the common law better than the old custonis? There is more authority in law. It comes to us now as the command of the whole people. In early times it came as the command of the king. And because the king was usually believed to be appointed by God to rule, his commands were regarded as sacred. This made men more afraid to break the law. With the king's authority back of it, the common law was thus better
Majesty of the law
adapted to the larger group. Custom could control small groups who spoke the same language, and were all kin or neighbors. It would not have been equal to the task of controlling large groups made up of different races or tribes, speaking different dialects, not knowing each other, and not having common ancestors or common traditions.
The common law was thus stronger than custom. It Law was of course likely to favor the king and the ruling fairer
than class. But there were two forces at work to make it
custom fairer than the customs of smaller groups.
The very fact that it was national helped to make it fairer. If a law is going to affect a whole realm, people will be more careful in making and executing it, and judges under such a law will also be less likely to be influenced by prejudice against enemies, or by favor for their friends.
And another thing that helped was that judges were appointed to give their time and thought to hearing cases and declaring the law. These judges were at first churchmen-bishops or clerks (as the clergy were then called). They studied not only the customs of England, but the law which the church used. They studied, many of them, the old Roman law which grew up when Rome ruled the civilized world. And they got from this the idea that cases should be decided not only by custom but by what was reasonable as well. So there was a little element of progress along with the idea that the old customs ought not to be changed. Men are so fond of what is old and so fearful of the new that it is very hard to introduce a change in law, even when it is known that the old way began in savage and barbarous days.
The common law became also a defense of liberty.
It might be supposed that the judges who were appointed by the king would always be on his side, if there was
contest between the king and other parties. But strangely enough they came to think much more of following the rules and customs of the realm than of doing what the king wished. The very fact that the law was common to the whole country made it a stronger defense when men relied upon it to aid them in resisting the king, just as at first it was a stronger instrument for enforcing order. The way in which the jury system came to be introduced will be described in a later chapter. But it may be mentioned here as one of the ways in which the king and the state helped on the cause of liberty, although it was not intended for this purpose and was at first stoutly resisted.
The state had a great deal to do with changing the plan of holding land. The early idea was that of holding land in common by a clan or village. Our present plan is what we call private ownership. Except in such cases as parks, public forests, school grounds, and a few other public plots, all land in this country is privately owned. By the old plan it seemed that no one really had a right to sell land, for this would be depriving the children of the clan of their rights. Today we buy and sell land freely; and this is in many ways an advantage. For it certainly stimulates a man to improve land if he knows that he himself will gain by draining, fencing, and enriching it. Moreover, when land is bought and sold freely it is more likely to get into the hands of men who will make some use of it and will not let it lie idle. How has it come about that we now own land? We | FINEWEB-EDU |
Web Design » Photoshop » What Processor Is Best for Photoshop?
What Processor Is Best for Photoshop?
Last updated on September 24, 2022 @ 12:47 pm
When it comes to choosing a processor for Photoshop, there are a few things to consider. The first is the type of project you’re working on.
If you’re working on something fairly simple, like a basic photo edit, then an entry-level processor will likely suffice. However, if you’re working on something more complex, like a video edit or graphic design project, then you’ll need a more powerful processor.
The second thing to consider is the speed of the processor. Photoshop is a fairly resource-intensive program, so you’ll want a processor that can handle its demands. A faster processor will be able to render images and apply filters more quickly, which can be a big help when you’re working on time-sensitive projects.
PRO TIP: When looking for a processor to use for Photoshop, be sure to research what type of processor is best for the specific version of Photoshop you are using. Some processors are not compatible with certain versions of Photoshop, which can lead to crashes or other errors. Additionally, be sure to check the minimum system requirements for the version of Photoshop you are using to ensure that your processor meets or exceeds those requirements.
Finally, you’ll want to consider the price of the processor. While there are some great budget options out there, they may not have the power or speed that you need for more demanding projects. It’s important to find a balance between price and performance when choosing a processor for Photoshop.
Ultimately, the best processor for Photoshop is the one that meets your specific needs. If you’re working on simple projects, an entry-level processor will likely suffice.
However, if you’re working on something more complex, you’ll need a more powerful option. It’s important to consider both your needs and your budget when choosing a processor for Photoshop.
Drew Clemente
Drew Clemente
Devops & Sysadmin engineer. I basically build infrastructure online. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lindsey Graham at CPAC: Trump and I did not start off well
(CNN)Sen. Lindsey Graham joked about the rocky start to his relationship with President Donald Trump in a speech Thursday. "So President Trump and I did not start off well," the South Carolina Republican said at the Conservative Political Action Conference just outside Washington. "I remember being there the night he got elected and he said, 'Hey, Lindsey, I don't have your phone number,' and I said, 'There's a reason for that.' " Graham was a primary opponent of Trump's in 2016 and one of Trump's harshest critics within the GOP leading up to, and immediately after, the 2016 election. RELATED: Lindsey Graham warns US will end North Korea nuclear threat 'one way or the other' Graham has since fallen in behind the President as a fierce supporter. He told CNN in October that although Trump "can be a handful," he wants to see the President succeed and enjoys the ability to influence Trump by staying in the President's corner. He repeated those sentiments Thursday. "I couldn't be more proud of the fact that he talks to me and asks my opinion," Graham said. "And we've got a lot in common now: I like him and he likes him." Graham's speech was peppered with compliments for the President's conduct in his first two years in office. Pausing for cheers from the audience, he highlighted Trump's foreign policy record on Israel, Iran, North Korea and the Taliban. Graham also drew attention to one of his most visible displays of support for Trump: the confirmation process last fall of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh. In the midst of emotional testimony from Kavanaugh and accuser Christine Blasey Ford over sexual assault allegations stemming from Kavanaugh's time in high school, Graham forcefully lashed out at Democrats in defense of the nominee and Trump. He charged during the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings that the Democrats were playing political games and seeking to "destroy" Kavanaugh. Graham alluded to those comments at CPAC, asking attendees whether they were angry too. He said the President had done what few in Washington would do and was truly "draining the swamp" when he stood by Kavanaugh despite Ford's allegations. "I've never been more proud of President Trump than I was during the Brett Kavanaugh hearing," Graham said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
841 The Ageing Face Of Primary Health Care.
Conference:
Author(s):
Tomczak Silva I
Portugal
tomcia7@yahoo.com
Text:
Aims: The rapid ageing of the modern day population creates big challenges to the provision of primary health care and social services. As the number of elderly people continues to grow demands on such services may well intensify. Since the elderly prefer to live in their own homes, communities and familiar environments, the proximity, accessibility, cost effectiveness and user-friendliness of community-based primary health care services are therefore of vital significance to the health and well-being of both the elderly and their families. However, very often community-based primary health care services are fragmented and not enough sensitive to the needs of elderly people. They often have inadequate resources and there is not enough emphasis on health promotion, prevention, systematic screening and referrals - all of which are essential for maintaining the health of ageing populations.
Methodology: The paper is based on a questionnaire about training in Geriatrics, which was elaborated by some Portuguese GPs/family doctors.
Results: Most of GPs/family doctors did not have any training in Geriatrics.
Conclusion: It is indispensable to prepare and train family doctors/GPs to deal better with the elderly and their necessities and promote the responsiveness of community based primary health care to the needs of the population in particular to the growing numbers of the elderly. The organization and delivery of community-based primary health care services depend on national health care systems and their individual settings. However, it is still not a widespread practice to train GPs/family doctors in core competences of elder care as well as age, gender and culturally sensitive practices, which address knowledge, attitude and skills. Only this way we can make it easier for the elderly to live this stage of their lives as well and long as possible and prepare young practitioners to deal effectively with all problems of the elderly.
Literature:
841
The ageing face of primary health care. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2019 Simona Halep tennis season
The 2019 Simona Halep tennis season officially began on 8 January 2019 at the Sydney International. Simona Halep entered the season as the No. 1 ranked player in the world.
Sydney International
Halep started season playing at Sydney International as the top seed. She lost to No. 15 in the world at the time Ashleigh Barty in two straight sets, extending her losing streak at five.
Australian Open
Halep's next tournament was Australian Open. In the first round she beat Kaia Kanepi in three sets. . This match marked her first win since 2018 Western & Southern Open. In the second round, she faced Sofia Kenin, also winning in three sets. In the next rounds, she would play the Williams sisters. She won against Venus Williams in straight sets, but then, she lost to Serena Williams in three tight sets. In the end of the tournament, Naomi Osaka replaced her at rankings and peaked at No. 3, after Petra Kvitová.
Fed Cup World Group Quarterfinal
After win in World Group play-offs vs Switzerland last year, team Romania came back on World Group, since 2016. In quarterfinals, they met team Czech Republic, in Ostrava. She led 2–0 in singles rubbers, defeating Kateřina Siniaková and Karolína Plíšková. With these wins and the doubles rubber win by Monica Niculescu and Irina-Camelia Begu, they qualified for the first time, since 1973, in the semifinals of Fed Cup.
Qatar Ladies Open
Next tournament for Halep was Qatar Ladies Open, where she was the top seed and she had first round bye. En route to the final, she defeated Lesia Tsurenko, Julia Görges, and Elina Svitolina, where she trailed in the third set and, then, won five games in a row. In the final, she faced Elise Mertens. She lost in three sets, giving Mertens her first Premier title. This was the first final of the season for Halep.
Dubai Tennis Championships
Next tournament was Dubai Tennis Championships. She was no.3 seed and defeated Eugenie Bouchard and Lesia Tsurenko, both in two straight sets. In quarterfinal she was defeated by eventual champion, Belinda Bencic. In a conclusion of this tournament, Halep remains at no.2, after Kvitová lost in the final.
Indian Wells Open
In the Indian Wells, Halep was seeded no.2. She defeated Barbora Strýcová and Kateryna Kozlova in two straight sets. Halep lost in the fourth round against Markéta Vondroušová in three sets. After this tournament, she remains no.2 in the world.
Miami Open
After the run of Indian Wells, her next tournament was Miami Open. In the second round, she crushed Taylor Townsend in straight sets. In the third round, she defeated Polona Hercog in three tough sets. Halep won against Venus Williams and Qiang Wang, in fourth round and quarterfinal, respectively. She was in contention of regaining the no.1 spot by reaching the finals, after Osaka's defeat in the third round. In the semifinal, she faced Karolína Plíšková, losing in straight sets. After this tournament, she remained no.2.
Fed Cup World Group Semifinal
Her first clay-court event of the season was Fed Cup Semifinal. There, Romanian Fed Cup Team faced France in Rouen. In the singles rubber, Halep defeated Kristina Mladenovic and Caroline Garcia. At the doubles rubber, she played instead of Irina-Camelia Begu, withdrawing due to ankle injury, with Monica Niculescu. Anyway, after taking the first set, they lost, giving to France a ticket to the Fed Cup final.
Wimbledon
Halep won the 2019 Wimbledon Championships defeating Serena Williams 6–2, 6–2.
Tournament results and points comparison 2018 -2019
Halep's 2019 singles tournament results and points is as follows:
Finals
Singles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups) | WIKI |
Schwedenlöcher
The Schwedenlöcher is a gorge-like side valley of the Amselgrund near Rathen in Saxon Switzerland.
History
The deeply incised ravine was formed by the erosion of the soft sandstone. Its course follows the main direction of fissuring in the Elbe sandstone.
Originally the Schwedenlöcher was an undeveloped gorge that was difficult to access and was known as the Blanker Grund. When, during the Thirty Years' War, the village of Rathewalde to the north was destroyed by Swedish soldiers in August 1639, the peasants of the region fled into the wild gorge and carried their possessions to safety. The gorge served as a refuge during later conflicts, such as in 1706 during the Great Nordic War, in 1813 during the Wars of Liberation and in 1945 during the last days of the Second World War.
In the 1780s, the first tracks were made in the Schwedenlöchern in order to extract timber. This is recalled by several dates chiselled into the sandstone (1782, 1784, 1787).
The first touristic development of the gorge occurred comparatively late on. In 1886, at the initiative of the Alpine Club for Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, a walkway was built through the Schwedenlöcher. To build the steps and bridges the gorge had to be artificially widened in places. The new footpath, which linked the well known rock massif of the Bastei with the Amselgrund, was opened on 1 May 1886 on the occasion of the 6th German Geographers' Day. In 1967/68, comprehensive renovation was carried out on the path. This involved the construction of 3.5 tons of steel and 600 concrete slabs. The path has 777 steps and over 20 concrete bridges.
Today the footpath through the Schwedenlöcher is one of the most popular walks in Saxon Switzerland. The Saxon Switzerland National Park authorities estimate that up to 2,000 people per day walk the path during the peak season.
Rockfalls
The path through the narrow gorge is often threatened by rockfalls from the eroding sandstone and has had to be closed several times.
In May 2012 a tree root broke off a large piece of rock, roughly 10 cubic metres in volume. The falling rock injured seven walkers. The path had to be closed for several days while inspections of the damage and clearance work took place. In February 2013 the gorge was closed again due to the danger of falling rock. For safety reasons in August 2013 an overhanging rock was blown up. The path had to be rerouted past the demolition site and was re-opened in September 2013.
Climbing rocks
The Schwedenlöcher are part of the Saxon Switzerland Climbing Area. The climbing rock known as the Schwedenturm is next to the path. It was first climbed in 1905 by Rudolf Fehrmann and his brother Arymund.
Literature
* Oskar Lehmann: Die Bastei in der sächsischen Schweiz. Festschrift zur hundertjährigen Jubelfeier ihres Eintritts in die Geschichte am 29. Mai 1897. Köhler, Dresden, 1897 (Digitalisat)
* Oskar Lehmann: Die Bastei in der sächsischen Schweiz. Festschrift zur hundertjährigen Jubelfeier ihres Eintritts in die Geschichte am 29. Mai 1897. Köhler, Dresden, 1897 (Digitalisat) | WIKI |
Talk:Network era
There's no list of shows
I see images of some of the great ones on said article, but where's the rest (especially Gilligan's Island)? Espngeek (talk) 18:42, 22 February 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Ibrahim Abubakar Gwanki
Ibrahim Abubakar Sulaiman Gwanki was born at Gwanki Gogori, Bagwai Local government of Kano State Nigeria. | WIKI |
User:Petru Dimitriu
Hello! I am Petru (Peter) Dimitriu. I live in Romania. I've been contributing to Wikipedia since 2007. I used to work on the Romanian Wikipedia. Now I am busy studying and I have little time to contribute here, if any. I usually do quick fixes when I see something wrong, and I seldom (re)write larger portions of articles.
I'm a friendly person and I'm open to discussion or giving/receiving advice.
ro:utilizator:Petru Dimitriu | WIKI |
User:ARSchmitz
Andy R. Schmitz is a computer science major at Clemson University; located in Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
I've been on Wikipedia since 1 July 2009. I have diverse interests in computer science, US and European politics, and other international affairs. The United States of Africa is one of my watchlist babies. I'm not African, either ethnically or nationally, but the idea of a unified Africa just interests me.
Interests
* Computers
* Programming
* Computer Repair
* Open Source Software
* Linux
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* US Politics
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* etc. | WIKI |
Science 4 min read
Laplace's Demon Challenged by a New Interpretation of Physics
Classical physics may not be as deterministic as it’s believed to be and the Laplace's Demon may not be “all-knowing” after all.
Weigelstein / Shutterstock.com
Weigelstein / Shutterstock.com
Since Sir Isaac Newton, physicists started viewing and describing the dynamics of bodies in nature differently.
They could use simple equations to predict what will happen accurately. If you know the location of an object and its momentum, you can determine its direction.
Newtonian physics does a pretty good job, but at the right scale, like the human scale. However, to describe too big or too small things, you have to call on relativity and quantum mechanics, respectively.
One of the scientists who built on Newtonian physics principles is French mathematician Pierre-Simon de Laplace (1749-1827). Laplace is credited with being the father of physical determinism.
What is Laplace’s Demon?
Pierre-Simon Laplace is known for the famous concept of “Laplace’s Demon,” which might have religious connotations, but could have similarities to Socrates’ daemon. Laplace’s demon is a thought experiment formulated by Laplace in 1814.
Laplace’s determinism rests on the laws of classical mechanics. It concerns the idea of causality that past events determine the future. Complete knowledge of the past leads to full knowledge of the future.
In this mental exercise, Laplace invites you to imagine an entity (the demon) that knows all the initial positions, mass, and velocity of all the atoms in the universe.
A superintelligence with such knowledge and power would be able to see the universe’s past, present, and future at any given time.
Writes Laplace in his Philosophical Essay on Probabilities:”
“We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at any given moment knew all of the forces that animate nature and the mutual positions of the beings that compose it… For such an intellect nothing could be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes.”
In Laplace’s Demon world, free will can’t exist. But we won’t rehash all the arguments around determinism vs. free will here.
Maybe Physics Isn’t That Deterministic After all
Laplace’s determinism gained popularity among scientists and philosophers until the late 1800s.
Physicists, astronomers, and mathematicians started encountering seemingly unsolvable problems that Newtonian mechanics couldn’t help with. The infamous math challenge called “three-body problem” is an illustration of the limits of determinism.
Notions like “chaos,” “non-linearity,” and “uncertainty” were getting their due place in physics. This is especially true for microscopic events: enter quantum theory.
Quantum events mesh well with “randomness” more than with determinism. A particle can be here and there at the same time.
But, has classical physics ever been entirely deterministic?
Flavio Del Santo, Vienna Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Vienna, and Nicolas Gisin, the University of Geneva, answer this question.
The two researchers published an article in the journal Physical Review A, where they provide alternative interpretations of classical physics.
They criticize the use of additional tacit assumptions.
Say you’re playing a pinball game. Per classical physics, you can correctly determine the path of the ball hitting the pins provided you know its initial position and velocity.
pinball
Giphy
If you can’t make the ball roll down the board following the exact path once again, that’s only because you can’t set the initial conditions precisely.
According to the alternative model proposed by the researchers, after a certain number of pins, the ball follows a genuinely random path. And that’s not due to the limitations of our measurement instruments.
The ball’s propensity to bounce right or left at each hit is not determined a priori. We can determine the path with certainty for the first few hits, or that propensity is 100% for one side and 0% for the other.
But after a certain number of pins, there’s no predetermination left, and the propensity of the ball gradually shifts for the right and the left.
The authors wrote in their paper:
“The alleged determinism of classical physics relies on the tacit, metaphysical assumption that there exists an actual value of every physical quantity, with its infinite predetermined digits (which we name principle of infinite precision). Building on recent information-theoretic arguments showing that the principle of infinite precision (which translates into the attribution of a physical meaning to mathematical real numbers) leads to unphysical consequences.”
The pair’s work provides new insights on the potential relationship between classical and quantum mechanics.
They propose a model of classical indeterminism based on finite information quantities (FIQs). Explaining how indeterminate values become definite is a long-standing problem in quantum mechanics, known as the “quantum measurement problem.”
Read More: Quantum Darwinism, a New Theory on the Nature of Reality
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Christie Says He’s Not Running as He Slams ‘Bystander’ Obama
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie
said he plans to sit out the 2012 presidential race and then
used a nationally broadcast appearance to assail President
Barack Obama as a “bystander in the Oval Office.” The 49-year-old Republican pointed to video clips on the
Politico website of him saying he’s not running. “Click on it,
those are the answers,” he told a capacity crowd at the Ronald
Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California . That
didn’t stop him from weighing in on the campaign. “We continue to wait and hope that our president will
finally stop being a bystander in the Oval Office,” Christie
said yesterday. “We hope that he will shake off the paralysis
that has made it impossible for him to take on the really big
things that are obvious to all Americans.” The governor’s address, carried live by Fox News and C-
SPAN, was his most prominent opportunity yet to expand his
influence in national politics. He used it to blast politicians
in both parties for “a Congress at war with itself because they
are unwilling to leave campaign-style politics at the Capitol’s
door.” Christie, who was interrupted several times by applause
from the audience, called Obama “one of the dividers.” “Insisting that we must tax and take and demonize those
who have already achieved the American Dream that may turn
out to be a good re-election strategy for President Obama, but
is a demoralizing message for America,” Christie said. Praise for Bipartisanship The governor pointed to his compromises with the
Democratic-led New Jersey Legislature on an overhaul of public-
worker pensions and benefits that he says will save $120 billion
over three decades. “In New Jersey over the last 20 months, you have actually
seen divided government that is working,” Christie said. “It
does not mean that we have no argument or acrimony. There are
serious disagreements, sometimes expressed loudly.” He added, “You know, Jersey-style.” Federal entitlement programs should be subject to stricter
eligibility testing, the governor said. “Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, to a lesser
extent, are eating away at every dollar we raise in taxation,”
Christie said. “What we need to do is sit down and get to a
common-sense approach to reduce benefits, to means-test some of
this stuff and get some of the people who don’t need it to stop
taking it so we can get it to the people who do need it.” Damage to Image The first-term governor said the nation’s image overseas
has suffered from the management of its domestic affairs. “Through our own domestic political conduct of late, we
have failed to live up to our own tradition of exceptionalism,”
Christie said. “Our role and ability to affect change has been
diminished because of our own problems and our inability to
effectively deal with them.” Christie said economic health is a national security issue
for the U.S. and the country has lost its ability to persuade
other nations to follow its example. He called for a more
measured foreign policy, without detailing what he’d change. “It was very much boilerplate foreign-policy language,”
said Patrick Murray , director of the Monmouth University polling
institute in West Long Branch . “Except for the outright attacks
on Obama and references to Reagan, it could have been delivered
by any member of either party.” ‘Country Needs You’ Christie delivered his speech to 900 people in a lecture
hall decorated with pictures of former presidents. “It sounds like he’s running,” said Ann Coil, a 70-year-
old career consultant from Santa Ana , California, and a
coordinator with the Tea Party . Randall Hough, a 64-year-old retiree from Alhambra,
California, who is active in Republican politics in Los Angeles
County, said he was impressed with Christie’s
“forthrightness.” “It was a great diagnosis of the president’s failings and
it had guideposts as to the road ahead,” Hough said. “The only
thing that was missing was the announcement of his candidacy.” Christie, a former U.S. Attorney for New Jersey, took
office last year after defeating incumbent Democrat Jon Corzine
amid voter dissatisfaction over the highest property taxes in
the U.S. and the sluggish economy. He became a national
Republican star after cutting $10 billion in projected spending
on schools, pensions and towns in his first budget and requiring
public workers to pay more for health benefits. Bush, Rice The governor’s invitation to speak at the Reagan Library
put him in the company of other prominent conservatives who have
spoken in its Perspectives in Leadership series, including
former President George W. Bush , former Secretary of State
Condoleeza Rice and Fox News commentator Bill O’Reilly . “We can’t wait another four years,” one guest said,
imploring Christie to run for president by saying “your country
needs you.” Her words generated a standing ovation. Christie
responded without directly saying “no.” “I hear exactly what you’re saying,” Christie said.
“It’s extraordinarily flattering. It’s a great honor.” The governor campaigned across the nation for his party’s
candidates in the 2010 elections, when Republicans captured
control of 11 state legislatures. Christie has presided over a
12-fold increase in out-of-state donations to his state party as
he cashes in chits gained with the campaign stops. Contributors to New Jersey’s Republican Party this year
include New York billionaire John Catsimatidis, who gave $25,000
in June; Kenneth Langone, co-founder of Home Depot Inc. (HD) , who
gave $10,000 in June; and Paul Fireman, founder of Reebok
International Ltd., with $25,000 in May, according to campaign
finance records. To contact the reporters on this story:
Terrence Dopp in Trenton at
tdopp@bloomberg.net ;
Christopher Palmeri in Los Angeles at
cpalmeri1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Tannenbaum at
mtannen@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
use barcode scanner in asp.net iorwf _2, w ; Is the Result == 0 in Software
Encoder QR Code ISO/IEC18004 in Software iorwf _2, w ; Is the Result == 0
iorwf _2, w ; Is the Result == 0
Reading QR In None
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For equals, add the lines
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QR Code 2d Barcode Encoder In C#
Using Barcode creation for Visual Studio .NET Control to generate, create QR Code JIS X 0510 image in VS .NET applications.
btfss STATUS, Z goto Zero_Skip ; Execute following Code if == 0 ; Else, Code != 0, Skip Over
Generating QR Code In .NET
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For not equals, append
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btfsc STATUS, Z goto NotZero_Skip ; Execute following if != 0 ; Else, Code == 0, Skip Over
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If a greater than comparison is made (the 16-bit variable is greater than the comparison value), then the result will not be less than zero. Actually, the same code (just with a different bit skip) can be used to test. For greater than:
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btfsc _2, 7 goto NotGreater_Skip iorwf _2, w btfsc STATUS, z Goto NotGreater_Skip ; ; ; ; ; Not Negative, 16 Bit is Greater Else, Skip if Not Greater than Is it Equal to Zero No, It is Greater than Else, if Zero, Not Greater than
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Note that just the most signi cant bit of the 16-bit difference is checked. If this bit is set, then the 16-bit variable is less than the comparison. If it is reset, then it is greater than, and you should check to see if the result is not equal to zero (or else it is equal). For less than:
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btfss _2, 7 goto NotLess_Skip ; Negative, 16 Bit is Less Than ; Else, Skip because Not Less Than
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To check for greater or equal to, the last three lines of the code checking for greater than are simply erased. To check for less or equal to, the three lines from not equal to are added before the check for less than. Here is the complete code for compare and skip on Reg1 less than or equal to Reg2:
movf Reg2 + 1, w subwf Reg1 + 1, w movwf _2 movf Reg2, w subwf Reg1, w btfss STATUS, C decf _2 iorwf _2, w btfsc STATUS, Z goto EqualLess_Skip btfsc _2, 7 goto EqualLess_Skip ; Get the High Byte of the Result ; Store in a Temporary Register ; Get the Low Byte ; Decrement High if Necessary ; ; ; ; ; Check for Equal to Zero If Not Zero, Jump Over Equals, Jump to the Code If Number is Negative, execute Else, Jump Over
MULTIPLICATION
For both multiplication and division, repeated addition could be used, but I nd that using a scaling routine works much better and is faster. These algorithms test bits and only operate if it is appropriate to do so. Here is multiplication that requires a separate byte for counting the iterations through Loop:
clrf Product clrf Product + 1
APPENDIX G
movlw 16 movwf BitCount Loop: rrf rrf
; Operating on 16 Bits
; Loop Here for Each Bit Multiplier + 1, f ; Shift the Multiplier down Multiplier, f ; by one
btfss STATUS, C goto Skip
; If the bit is set, add ; the Multiplicand to the ; Product movf Multiplicand + 1, w addwf Product + 1, f movf Multiplicand, w addwf Product, f btfsc STATUS, C incf Product + 1, f
Skip: ; Shift up Multiplicand and bcf STATUS, C ; Loop Around rlf Multiplicand, f rlf Multiplicand + 1, f decfsz BitCount goto Loop
The code given below is the most ef cient way of doing a 16-bit multiply with a 32-bit result. It is not immediately obvious, but it s very clever. Rather than using a 32-bit add each time the shifted data is detected, it provides a 16-bit add (with valid carry) and then shifts the data down. This code does not change Multiplicand but does change Multiplier. Note that in the code I use a 32-bit value for Product (using a Product:5 line in the CBLOCK variable declare statement).
clrf Product + 2 clrf Product + 3 movlw 16 movwf BitCount Loop: rrf rrf ; Product will be the ; Result of the Operation ; Operating on 16 Bits
; Loop Here for Each Bit Multiplier + 1, f ; Shift the Multiplier down Multiplier, f ; by one ; If the bit is set, add ; the Multiplicand to the ; Product
btfss STATUS, C goto Skip
REUSE, RETURN, AND RECYCLE
clrf Product + 4 movf Multiplicand + 1, w addwf Product + 3, f btfsc STATUS, C incf Product + 4, f movf Multiplicand, w addwf Product + 2, f btfsc STATUS, C incfsz Product + 3, f goto $ + 2 incf Product + 4, f Skip: bcf rrf rrf rrf rrf rrf
Copyright © OnBarcode.com . All rights reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thinking of Woody Guthrie
Thinking of Woody Guthrie was released in 1969 by Vanguard Records and is the debut solo album of Country Joe McDonald, best known for his work with Country Joe & the Fish. It was a different approach by McDonald to release a folk music and country album in the style of Woody Guthrie. Prior to this solo release, he was known to make albums in a psychedelic style with his band. The album was a tribute to the work of Woody Guthrie, a country and folk musician who died two years earlier. All of the tracks on the album were either composed or performed by Guthrie. McDonald was heavily influenced by Guthrie since he was a child. McDonald could recall his interest of Guthrie came first when his parents played Guthrie's first album, Dust Bowl Ballads. Even though McDonald has issued several albums in his career, he looks to this album as the piece he is most proud of.
Background
McDonald had signed to Vanguard Records as a solo performer and went to Nashville with Sam Charters to record his first solo album in a small studio known as Bradley's Barn. McDonald and his band were still together, but the relationship was faltering, and they would break up soon after CJ Fish was released. McDonald was backed by well-regarded country musicians like Grady Martin in recording sessions for the album. Songs included were Guthrie favorites like "Tom Joad" and "This Land is Your Land". Although the studio musicians did not know the compositions McDonald wanted, they learned incredibly fast. Recording for the ten tracks took only a day to complete. With the spare recording time, more country standards were completed for McDonald's next album, Tonight I'm Singing Just For You. The tracks were meant to retain the spirit of Guthrie's recordings so the songs were only adjusted to complement McDonald's own style.
Reception and legacy
Reviewing the album for Rolling Stone in 1970, Gary Von Tersch said, "Admittedly, this is a low-key, non-fiery record, but it has a certain honesty. And it also lets you hear what a truly fine vocalist Joe is — he handles such diverse songs as 'Tom Joad,' 'Talkin' Dust Bowl' and 'Roll On Columbia' with ease and just the proper amount of fervor." Robert Christgau was less impressed in The Village Voice: "It's the concept of this album that I don't like. Musically, it's not bad—a nice selection of Woody's tunes rendered agreeably by Joe and some Nashville sidemen. As an educational project I suppose it could be called, er, worthwhile. But anyone who has read this far may consider himself educated; the real thing is easy to swallow and can be purchased at better record shops."
In 1975, McDonald was present at the Hollywood Bowl with other contemporaries to partake in a celebration of Guthrie's career, thanks in part to the album. In homage to his inspiration, McDonald performed "Woman At Home", a Guthrie track that was previously unreleased at the time. Country Joe McDonald continues to create tributes for Guthrie, all starting from this album, and Billy Bragg is noted as saying, "Like no one of his generation, Country Joe McDonald carries on the mission of Woody Guthrie."
The original compact disc release of the album was on May 13, 1989. It was distributed by Vanguard Records.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Woody Guthrie; except where indicated
Personnel
* Country Joe McDonald - vocals, guitar
* Ray Edenton, Samuel Charters, Harold Rugg - guitar
* Grady Martin - guitar, sitar, dobro
* Buddy Harman - drums
* Harold Bradley, Norbert Putnam - bass
* Hargus "Pig" Robbins - piano
Production
* Producer - Samuel Charters
* Engineer and sound mixer - Jerry Bradley | WIKI |
Éminence grise
An éminence grise or grey eminence is a powerful decision-maker or adviser who operates "behind the scenes", or in a non-public or unofficial capacity.
This phrase originally referred to François Leclerc du Tremblay, the right-hand man of Cardinal Richelieu, the de facto ruler of France. Leclerc was a Capuchin friar who was renowned for his beige robe attire, as beige was termed "grey" in that era. The style His Eminence is used to address or refer to a cardinal in the Catholic Church. Although Leclerc never achieved the rank of cardinal, those around him addressed him as such in deference to the great influence this "grey" friar held over "His Eminence the Cardinal". As a result, the term grey cardinal has occasionally been used to express the same concept.
Leclerc is referred to in several popular works. Aldous Huxley wrote an English biography of Leclerc entitled Grey Eminence. There is also an 1873 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, L'Éminence Grise, which depicts him descending the grand staircase of the Palais Cardinal and the deference shown to him by others present. Leclerc is referred to in Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers as the character Father Joseph, a powerful associate of Richelieu and one to be feared.
Historical examples
* Empress Jia Nanfeng and Empress Dowager Cixi are two examples of women who were the rulers of Imperial China in all but name. As women were (in the main) barred from reigning in their own right, the history of China is replete with cases of women exercising political power through puppet male relatives.
* William de la Pole to Henry VI of England.
* John Dee is sometimes considered an éminence grise. Officially, he was the court astrologer to Elizabeth I, but exercised more power as an overall advisor to the Queen.
* Joseph Stalin was frequently called an éminence grise by Leon Trotsky, whom he defeated in the succession struggles for Soviet leadership following Lenin's death in 1924.
* Adolf Hitler's private secretary Martin Bormann was nicknamed the Brown Eminence.
* Jean Monnet has been described as an éminence grise given his key role in drafting the Schuman Declaration.
* Mikhail Suslov acted as an éminence grise behind General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. A political hardliner, he was the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union but also played the role of unofficial Chief-Ideologue of the CPSU and one of the key decision makers during not only the Brezhnev, but also the Khrushchev and Stalin eras. Other observers however have given the title of éminence grise during the Brezhnev era variously to Yuri Andropov, Dmitry Ustinov, Andrei Gromyko, and Konstantin Chernenko.
* Marcia Williams, private secretary and later Political Secretary to British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, was described as his éminence grise.
* The Italian Christian Democratic leader Giulio Andreotti was often seen as an éminence grise, excercising great authority over the Italian government even when out of office as Prime Minister (an office he did hold three times).
* Richard Seymour has described Friedrich von Hayek as an éminence grise of the governments of Margaret Thatcher.
* Joker Arroyo emerged as an éminence grise to Corazon Aquino after the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
* Vice President of the United States Dick Cheney was described as an éminence grise of the George W. Bush administration, "a powerful but uncompromising politician with the ear of the president" regarding matters of national security and foreign policy.
* American diplomat and policy maker Dennis Ross was "viewed as the éminence grise, a sort of Rasputin who casts a spell over secretaries of state and presidents", according to Middle East experts who worked with him during the administrations of Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama.
* Choi Soon-sil was revealed by investigations during the 2016 South Korean political scandal to have had previously hidden political influence over the 11th President of South Korea, Park Geun-hye. She was perceived to be responsible for masterminding governmental policy and decision-making during Park's administration.
* Wang Huning is often considered the éminence grise of three paramount leaders of China: Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping.
* Vladislav Surkov is often regarded by observers to be the éminence grise to Russian President Vladimir Putin.
* Jarosław Kaczyński was often regarded as the real leader of Poland when his Law and Justice party ruled the country, twice choosing the Prime Minister of Poland, contrary to convention, which holds that as the chairman of the ruling party, he ought to occupy the office himself (he was previously Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007). Despite being only Deputy Prime Minister (and sometimes having no formal role in government at all) he often met foreign leaders, such as Angela Merkel, Donald Trump, and Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a manner akin to a head of government. | WIKI |
Kirill Chistov
Kirill Vasilievich Chistov (20 November 1919 – 2007), also credited as K.V. Chistov, was a Soviet and Russian ethnologist.
Personal life
Kirill Vasilievich Chistov was born in Detskoe Selo, Russian SFSR on 20 November 1919. His paternal grandfather was a railroad engineer who died young, and his maternal grandfather worked in military and civilian medicine before also dying young. As a child, Chistov attended a school from which Nikolay Gumilyov graduated, and which was once directed by Innokenty Annensky. After secondary school, he attended Leningrad State University and studied under Dmitry Konstantinovich Zelenin and Mark Azadovsky. Chistov died in 2007.
Career
Chistov was an ethnologist who specialized in Slavic folklore, and was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2003, Chistov was awarded the S.F. Oldenburg Prize. | WIKI |
Talk:Balinese script
WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 20:40, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
Symbols in Unicode
The symbols in Unicode part look more javanese to me than balinese. Kembangraps (talk) 12:29, 29 January 2010 (UTC)
Unicode representations
On OS X using Google Chrome the Unicode character representations all show as empty squares. I do not have the font Aksara Bali installed on my computer, and on OS X Arial Unicode appears to go by the name Arial Unicode MS. Still, I changed the font using web inspector to Arial Unicode MS and the character missing squares persist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrujhon (talk • contribs) 10:47, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Balinese alphabet. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140514122716/http://home.gwu.edu/~kuipers/kuipers%20insular%20seasia%20scripts.pdf to http://home.gwu.edu/~kuipers/kuipers%20insular%20seasia%20scripts.pdf
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 04:29, 14 July 2017 (UTC)
Requested move 12 January 2018
The result of the move request was: Page moved. (non-admin closure) samee talk 12:43, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
Balinese alphabet → Balinese script – Balinese alphabet is not an alphabet per definition. The page shall refer to the definition of the alphabet, not to the public misunderstanding.
"An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that is used to write one or more languages based upon the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language."
"An abugida /ˌɑːbʊˈɡiːdə/ (from Ge'ez: አቡጊዳ ’abugida), or alphasyllabary, also known as avugida, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary." Xbypass (talk) 15:12, 12 January 2018 (UTC)
* Please see my remark at Talk:Batak alphabet. --Lambiam 18:51, 12 January 2018 (UTC)
* Support; the present name is a misleading misnomer. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 21:14, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
Characteristics
Paragraph 2: "Musical notation uses letter-like symbols and diacritical marks in order to indicate metrical information."
The Balinese letter-like symbols (for 'i', 'o', 'e', 'u', 'a', or "(n)ding", "(n)dong", "(n)deng", "(n)dung", "(n)dang", do not represent metrical (or rhythmic) information. They represent pitch information. For example, the five listed above represent approximately C#, D, E, G#, A, for some ensembles in some villages, or other similar pitches for other ensembles or other villages. The only diacritical mark is a dot above the letter, indicating playing one octave higher. Rhythmic information is represented -- if at all! -- by the physical spacing on the page: the notes are written consecutively right next to each other, but with a dot, or even a space, representing a momentary silence. (There is also an underline, indicating to play the underlined notes twice as fast.) "Metrical" information is not represented at all, because "meter" refers to what Western musicians conceptualize as an understood underlying division of the music into repetitions of 3 beats, or of 4 beats, or whatever -- the "counts" that a Western musician would use. Balinese notation does not indicate this, except possibly by a symbol for the gong, which plays on every 4th beat, or every 8th beat, or even every 16th or 32nd beat in very long sections. I suppose you could call this "diacritical marks indicating metrical information", but that's really stretching it. Anyway, the main point is that the notation represents pitch, not rhythm or meter.
(I'm not an editor, so I hope someone who is will simply change "metrical information" to "pitch information".)
Dudley Brooks (talk) 21:07, 29 September 2018 (UTC)
* Done. DRMcCreedy (talk) 01:01, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
Bali Galang font
I hope no-one will find my comments about Bali Galang font inappropriate, even if they are a bit OR. I have no personal connection with the author, I just thought people would appreciate knowing about it. It's the first Unicode font I've found that displays Balinese correctly. Personally, I can't believe that the Noto fonts are so crappy, given the amount of money Google spent developing them. The work-around for the defective in Bali Galang is one I worked out, so it's OR, but any of you can verify it easily enough. It works beautifully, and should be convertible into other fonts. The problem is that those fonts will not convert properly into Bali Galang. (Actually, I think the in the Latin code range of Bali Galang works properly, so maybe that's something that will be fixed.) I have not found work-arounds for the flaws in the other fonts, though it would be good to know if there are any. — kwami (talk) 03:51, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
Wow, there must be a small dictionary inside the font. It automatically converts some letters to sualalita, whether you enter them in the Balinese or Latin code range. — kwami (talk) 04:21, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
* I don't see an issue here although I did change the wording. Displaying the Balinese glyphs for Latin letters is a handy feature but that makes the font non compliant with Unicode because it's redefining the Latin ranges. DRMcCreedy (talk) 04:43, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
No Real Script Written
I found that the Balinese script Is just Tall rectangles. It Kind of Made me Frustrated so i decided to fix it but i do not know how. because i am working on a Babel Language lore. which is similar to the Alphabet Lore we all know. I hope someone Fixes it sooo yea
By, JaminianAlphabetLoreCreator12345 (talk) 07:14, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* You probably need to install a Balinese font. See Help:Multilingual support for more information. DRMcCreedy (talk) 20:37, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* ok? i have no idea am i just dumb or not thanks for the fixing stuff anyways!
* after all of that random stuffs...- JaminianAlphabetLoreCreator12345 (talk) 03:24, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
* sorry, drmccreedy, i think it is dangerous. it looks like an virus to me. JaminianAlphabetLoreCreator12345 (talk) 03:34, 5 May 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Haemodorum distichophyllum
Haemodorum distichophyllum, also known as the Moorland Bloodroot, is a plant in the Haemodoraceae (blood root) family, native to Tasmania. It was first described by William Jackson Hooker in 1852, from a specimen collected at Macquarie Harbour by Ronald Gunn in 1846.
It is a very low growing plant, growing to heights of 3 cm to 9.5 cm. It is found in heath and button grass plains of western Tasmania at various altitudes. | WIKI |
Scott Shannon, M.D., assistant clinical professor at the University of Colorado, recently sifted through patient charts from his four-doctor practice to document CBD’s effects on anxiety. His study, as yet unpublished, found “a fairly rapid decrease in anxiety scores that appears to persist for months,” he says. But he says he can’t discount a placebo effect, especially since “there’s a lot of hype right now.”
Before we directly compare the both, let’s break down what each is. Full spectrum CBD oil comes with all the cannabinoids present in hemp. If you see full spectrum hemp CBD oil for sale, it’ll include many cannabis compounds such as Cannabicycol (CBL), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabichromevarinic Acid (CBCVA) and more. It also contains a very small amount of THC, (.3%, as is legally allowed).
If you live in a state where CBD is legal for your condition, it’s best to buy it from a state-regulated dispensary. But even there, oversight is uneven. “I feel safe being a cannabis consumer in Colorado, since the state tracks everything from seed to sale, but I didn’t the first few years after cannabis became legal,” when the rules were still taking shape, says Robyn Griggs Lawrence, the Boulder author of The Cannabis Kitchen Cookbook, which features recipes for cannabis edibles.
There’s no definite amount that’s appropriate for everyone, but the ratio of CBD to THC will indicate how psychoactive the product is and if it’s legal in your state. The more CBD compared with THC, the less of a high, and vice versa. “Managing psychoactivity is key to successful cannabis therapy,” says Lee. “Amounts should be made clear on the label and lab-certified so people know what’s helping them and what’s not.”
From anecdotal evidence in humans and from animal studies, CBD appears to affect the way we experience pain, inflammation, and anxiety. “Scientists have identified a number of receptors in the nervous system where CBD acts,” says Orrin Devinsky, MD, professor of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry at NYU Langone. “It’s established that CBD has anti-inflammatory properties and can increase activity at some serotonin [the feel-good neurotransmitter] receptors.”
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring compound found in the resinous flower of cannabis, a plant with a rich history as a medicine going back thousands of years. Today the therapeutic properties of CBD are being tested and confirmed by scientists and doctors around the world. A safe, non-addictive substance, CBD is one of more than a hundred “phytocannabinoids,” which are unique to cannabis and endow the plant with its robust therapeutic profile.
While it is clear that full spectrum CBD may be more effective than isolate CBD, even at lower dosages, it may have some drawbacks. Full spectrum vs regular CBD comes down to this drawback for many people. If full spectrum CBD oil is not an option for you due to your obligations or lifestyle, this can help you make your decision more easily for sure.
From anecdotal evidence in humans and from animal studies, CBD appears to affect the way we experience pain, inflammation, and anxiety. “Scientists have identified a number of receptors in the nervous system where CBD acts,” says Orrin Devinsky, MD, professor of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry at NYU Langone. “It’s established that CBD has anti-inflammatory properties and can increase activity at some serotonin [the feel-good neurotransmitter] receptors.”
In other words, many popular claims remain unfounded – and overlook the fact that there's a difference between CBD that's studied in labs for particular conditions and CBD products that are sold to consumers for general well-being. "What happens is people say, 'Look, CBD is harmless and it doesn't get me intoxicated, so I'm going to take it for what ails me," says Dr. Jordan Tishler, a Harvard physician and CEO of InhaleMD, a Boston-area practice specializing in cannabis therapeutics. "Then they're going to get some perceived benefit because that's the way the placebo effect works, and then they go and trumpet this."
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring compound found in the resinous flower of cannabis, a plant with a rich history as a medicine going back thousands of years. Today the therapeutic properties of CBD are being tested and confirmed by scientists and doctors around the world. A safe, non-addictive substance, CBD is one of more than a hundred “phytocannabinoids,” which are unique to cannabis and endow the plant with its robust therapeutic profile.
Just one last thing before we explain the benefits of full spectrum CBD oil; it’s important to understand that CBD from cannabis is only legal in medical or recreational states, while CBD hemp oil is legal in all 50 states under the 2014 US Farm Bill. While it may not be able to treat all conditions, it has been known to assist with a variety of medical conditions including anxiety, depression and acute pain.
'If the Patient Information Leaflet that comes with your medication says to avoid grapefruit juice, for instance, then do not take CBD, as the same type of interaction can affect circulating blood levels of your medicine. Even if the leaflet does not mention grapefruit juice, you should still check with your doctor before taking CBD. You should also not take CBD if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.’
This is regarded as most inexpensive method of extracting CBD oil and is recommended by director of phytochemical research at Bedrocan BV that supplies it to Dutch Health Ministry. CBD oil extracted by this method will contain a healthy dose of Omega rich acids and minimalistic chemical residues in the pure oil. Usually hemp seed oil or olive oil is used as a carrier in these methods as this is the most effective way to extract resin from the plants and flowers. The only drawback is the short shelf life of oil extracted in this manner though it is highly effective when taken orally or applied topically on the skin.
In addition to acting on the brain, CBD influences many body processes. That’s due to the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which was discovered in the 1990s, after scientists started investigating why pot produces a high. Although much less well-known than the cardiovascular, reproductive, and respiratory systems, the ECS is critical. “The ECS helps us eat, sleep, relax, forget what we don’t need to remember, and protect our bodies from harm,” Marcu says. There are more ECS receptors in the brain than there are for opioids or serotonin, plus others in the intestines, liver, pancreas, ovaries, bone cells, and elsewhere.
In other words, many popular claims remain unfounded – and overlook the fact that there's a difference between CBD that's studied in labs for particular conditions and CBD products that are sold to consumers for general well-being. "What happens is people say, 'Look, CBD is harmless and it doesn't get me intoxicated, so I'm going to take it for what ails me," says Dr. Jordan Tishler, a Harvard physician and CEO of InhaleMD, a Boston-area practice specializing in cannabis therapeutics. "Then they're going to get some perceived benefit because that's the way the placebo effect works, and then they go and trumpet this."
We also grow our hemp in close rows, limiting the ability of weeds to establish themselves among our fields. Since we sow our hemp seeds close together, the shade from the fast growing hemp plants inhibit the growth of common weeds, negating the need to use herbicides that could cause contamination. Like with pesticides, we avoid using herbicides because they can affect local biological communities or be absorbed by our hemp plants and transferred residually to our customers.
As a vitamin supplement. Hemp oil, in particular, holds high doses of important vitamins, like Vitamins E, B, B1 and B2. Hemp oil is also an invaluable source of protein and antioxidants, and contains high levels of helpful body supplements like potassium, magnesium and fatty acids. (which can also help cure maladies like acne and psoriasis, and is known to improve the human body's cholesterol levels.
There is a strong sedative quality to CBD hemp oil, making it a popular remedy for people with insomnia, sleeplessness, interrupted sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder, restless leg disorder, and other night-time issues. Dr. Scott Shannon, Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA, published a report in the Permanete Journal, in which he recommended either inhaling a small amount of CBD oil, applying it to one’s chest, or even putting a few drops on one’s pillow to help get a good night’s sleep.
The Internet is lousy with the stuff, but for a safe and reliable source, talk to your physician, advises McLaughlin. She may be able to introduce you to a reputable practitioner who can offer CBD oils and related therapies—or she may know of a colleague who can make a referral. If you’re trying to treat a medical condition, it’s better to avoid the guesswork and find guidance from a practitioner who’s had experience in—and is knowledgeable about—the most reliable CBD products and doses for your condition. Here are 14 things you should never lie to your doctor about.
Quality is a particular concern, because cannabis plants easily soak up heavy metals from pesticides and other contaminants, Marcu says. If you are buying online, look for a company that documents how it tests its products. (If the website doesn’t indicate this, call and ask.) “Buying from a reputable manufacturer is crucial, because it matters how the plant is cultivated and processed,” Dr. Maroon says. One clue that a company is cutting corners: too low a cost. Good CBD is pricey—a bottle of high-quality capsules is sold in Cohen’s office for $140. But for many, it’s worth the money. Roth spent $60 on her tiny bottle. But when her energy returned the day she started taking CBD, she decided that was a small price to pay.
That leaves those touting CBD’s effectiveness pointing primarily to research in mice and petri dishes. There, CBD (sometimes combined with small amounts of THC) has shown promise for helping pain, neurological conditions like anxiety and PTSD, and the immune system—and therefore potentially arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and more.
CBD oil took the world by storm a few years ago when Dr. Sanjay Gupta investigated the cannabinoid’s ability to treat children with epilepsy. Initially, CBD oil was viewed as a medicine for the critically ill, but its appeal to the general public is surging. With few regulations, the CBD oil market is congested with questionable products. As a consumer of CBD oils, it is essential for you to know how they are made.
You need a series of chambers for CO2 extraction. Their role is to control pressure and temperature. The pressure and temperature in the chambers force the CO2 cannabinoid solution to react with one another and then separate. As the cannabinoids separate, the chambers collect them separately. The extractor can then choose which cannabinoids to put into their product or products.
There are a number of potential solvents that can be used to extract CBD oil from the hemp plant. Some companies choose to use dangerous chemical solvents in their extraction process. However, this opens the end user to residual contamination from any solvent that is left unpurged from the oil. To extract our CBD oil from our hemp crops, we use supercritical CO2.
With the rapid rise in the popularity of CBD in everything from vape juice to lattes, many people are asking- “what is CBD oil?”. To answer that question, let’s first answer the question- what is CBD? CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a compound found in hemp plants. CBD’s benefits are numerous, making it a popular supplement. We’ll explore the effects of CBD oil in more depth below, but in short, it interacts with receptors that keep the body balanced and running normally.
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Introducing: Megamouth Shark
#59 caught last week in the Philippines
#59 caught last week in the Philippines
After it emerged last week that a rare deep-sea megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) washed up in the Philippines, I had a lot of people contacting me asking if it was even real. You bet it was real and here are some facts and photo’s to stimulate your inquisitive brains.
The first ever megamouth shark. #1. Photo: Hugh Gallagher
The first ever megamouth shark. #1. Photo: Hugh Gallagher
1. Only discovered in 1976
It was first discovered in Hawaii, just 38 years ago, in 1976 after accidently being caught in a deep-sea anchor. The large 4.46m shark was eventually transported to the National Marine Fisheries Service where it was later confirmed that neither the genus or species had previously been described.
Head of the Megamouth number 3, stranded at Mandurah, Western Australia 1988. Source: Barry Hutchins/ Western Australian Museum.
Head of the Megamouth number 3, stranded at Mandurah, Western Australia 1988. Source: Barry Hutchins/ Western Australian Museum.
2. Huge gaping of the sea
The scientific name Megachasma pelagios, translates from Latin into, huge (mega) gaping or yawning (chasma) of the sea (pelagios).
#59 caught last week in the Philippines
#59 caught last week in the Philippines
3. Only 59 documented sightings
As of writing this post, 06 July 2014, only 59 confirmed sightings have been documented (the 59th being the sighting last week in the Philippines). Most sightings have been in Taiwan, Japan and Philippines, and are usually a consequence of by-catch. They have also been found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. A full list of the 59 megamouths can be found here.
Megamouth shark photographed after release. Source: Bruce Rasner
Megamouth shark photographed after release. Source: Bruce Rasner
4. Can reach nearly 6m long
The largest confirmed speciemen was a carcass found in Taiwan that measured a whopping 5.8m (~19 feet) but there have been suggestions that they can reach even bigger than this.
The closest living relatives to the megamouth is in fact the thresher sharks
The closest living relatives to the megamouth is in fact the thresher sharks. Source: Andy Murch
5. Closest relative is the thresher shark
Megamouths closest living relative is actually the thresher shark but you wouldn’t think it on looks alone.
Juvenile megamouth shark caught on Brazilian longline in 1995. Source Amorim et al 2000
Juvenile megamouth shark caught on Brazilian longline in 1995. From paper: Amorim et al 2000
7. Planktivorous engulfment feeder
The megamouth shark is one of only three known plankton feeding sharks, including the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). Whilst it was initially believed that this shark would suck in its mainly krill based diet, it is now believed that it performs engulfment feeding. Engulfment feeding is typical of baleen whales but this is the only species of shark that is thought to use this mechanism to feed [3].
From paper White et al 2004: A juvenile megamouth shark from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
From paper White et al 2004: A juvenile megamouth shark from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
8. Bioluminescent assisted feeding
It is believed that the slow swimming megamouth shark may make use of a highly reflective, luminescent mouth, which may act as a light trap to attract prey (imagine its mouth like an underwater electric flytrap found in kitchens). It has also been proposed that a bioluminescent strip above the mouth may also be used in a similar way, although neither of these behaviours have been proven.
The white strip above the mouth may attract prey items, such as krill, directly into the mouth.
The white strip above the mouth may attract prey items, such as krill, directly into the mouth. Engulfment feeding, like baleen whales, with added bioluminescence?
9. Automatic electronic food detectors
Although they have the lowest abundance ampullary pores (electro-sensory organs) of any described shark, the arrangement of the pores “would allow for the detection of planktonic organisms around the head as the shark swims through the water (horizontally and vertically).
Filming after release: diving deep.
Filming after release: diving deep.
10. Twilight inspired movements
By acoustically tracking an individual shark in 1990, scientists were able to ascertain that this mysterious shark undertakes crepuscular (occurring during dusk and dawn) vertical migrations. During the daytime, the shark spent most of its time in deeper waters (400-500m) then at night, migrated to shallower waters. This behavior, often termed “diel vertical migration”, is common in other sharks and is typically associated with the following of prey items that adopt similar movements.
Australian megamouth shark #3. Note the scar above the gill slits which may be the feeding scar of a Cookie-cutter shark. Source: Barry Hutchins/ Western Australian Museum
Australian megamouth shark #3. Note the scar above the gill slits which may be the feeding scar of a Cookie-cutter shark. Source: Barry Hutchins/ Western Australian Museum
11. Preyed on by sharks and whales
Documented predators of the megamouth shark include sperm whales, orcas and other sharks. Various specimens have also washed ashore with circular shaped wounds torn from their flesh, which is typically indicative off cookiecutter shark predation.
#12 caught in Indian Ocean purse seine net
#12 caught in Indian Ocean purse seine net
12. Best way to be eaten is battered and deep fried.
After processing the 7th ever recorded megamouth shark specimen in 1995, researchers couldn’t resist the temptation of tasting a piece of this mystery creature they had just dissected and analysed. They were subsequently treated to 3 different preparations of some dorsal muscle. Battered & fried is apparently the best way to eat this shark!! [7]
“The next day Director Wakisaka had megamouth prepared, from a small piece of dorsal muscle, as a final treat for Jose and Genie: fried, poached with French sauce, and tempura style. Tempura was best”.
Clark, Eugenie, and José Castro et al pose with first female specimen (#6). From paper Clark & Castro 1995.
Clark, Eugenie, and José Castro et al pose with first female specimen (#6). From paper Clark & Castro 1995.
So that is the Megamouth shark. Rare, elusive, mysterious, plankton feeding giant of the deep.
How long and where until we get number 60??
How long and where until we get number 60?? Source: Bruce Rasner
See you next time for another “Introducing” where we will meet the velvet belly lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax).
Christopher Bird
(Twitter: @SharkDevocean)
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6 thoughts on “Introducing: Megamouth Shark
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Improving Your Memory is as Easy as 1, 2, Zzz!
People naturally forget things. Between short-term memory and long-term memory, the human brain is constantly working to sort and store the things which we need to function. However, there is a quick and easy way for us to strengthen parts of our long-term memory. In fact, it’s so simple that we can do it in our sleep.
Procedural Memory – The Basic What and Why
Long-term memory breaks down into two different types of memory, which each serve a different function: procedural memory and declarative memory. Declarative memory is the memory which stores hard information. It helps us to remember our life experiences and “general world knowledge,” i.e. facts, ideas, meanings, and concepts. Declarative memory is what tells you that a cat is a cat, that the cat is yours, and that your cat loves you (when it’s feeding time).
Procedural memory is a little more complex. More specifically, it helps you with things like how to drive, how to deliver that important presentation, how to play sports or games, and even how to tie your shoes. Anything that you need to learn and practice to do is honed by procedural memory. As we always say, practice makes perfect. But what we don’t always know is how sleep solidifies that practice for us so that we can access it in the future.
How Sleep Can Help
According to Harvard researcher Dr. Robert Stickgold, a good night’s rest helps our brains pack together everything we picked up during the day into the procedural memory, making the information easy to access.
So what’s the best way to make sure that our procedural memory is at peak condition? Of course, the easiest solution is to sleep more. An increase in sleep means an increase in REM time which leads to better memory consolidation and et cetera. Sometimes though, getting a good night’s sleep can be tough. Stress can lead to tossing and turning, or even sleepless nights. We would therefore like to recommend Super Good Stuff’s REM Sleep Plus, which provides a natural way to help you fall asleep, stay asleep, and get that REM goodness that your memory craves to keep on trekking. Plus, it supports adrenals and stress while getting your zzz’s. The DHEA/Pregnenolone in Sleep & Adrenal Support, improves memory function, 5-HTP makes tryptophan to support the body to sleep restfully and the patented delivery system requires less melatonin. All proven ingredients your brain will thank you for!
Sources
Sarode, Deep Pramod, Daniel Mathie, Neng Gao, Lewis Gray, Ian Monaghan, Andrew Preston, Matthew Twomey, and Marianne Watters. "A Sleep to Remember: The Effects of Sleep on Memory." Res Medica RM 21.1 (2013): 23-36. Web. 25 May 2016.
Schnabel, Jim. "Your Memories Need Their Sleep." Your Memories Need Their Sleep. The Dana Foundation, 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 25 May 2016.
"Sleep, Learning, and Memory." Sleep, Learning, and Memory. Harvard Medical School, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 25 May 2016.
Stickgold, Robert, LaTanya James, and J. Allan Hobson. "Visual Discrimination Learning Requires Sleep after Training." Nature Neuroscience 3 (2000): 1237-238. Web. 25 May 2016.
"Why Is Sleep Important?" NHLBI, NIH. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 22 Feb. 2012. Web. 25 May 2016. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Split Routines
Split routines are exercise programs that involve working different body parts on different days. The idea is that by breaking your workouts up by body part, you allow adequate rest time for your muscles without having to take a day off. If your arms are sore on Tuesday from working them on Monday, then work your legs that day, giving your arms some rest. Since you’re working fewer muscles per training session, the amount of volume done on each body part increases, and since the volume has increased, those muscles may require additional rest.
A simple way to split things up is to have one upper body day and one lower body day. This is often referred to as a “2 day split.” Another common way for people to mix up their routine is by breaking the upper body down into two days: one for pushing movements (which emphasize the chest and triceps) and one for pulling movements (which emphasize the back and biceps), with a leg workout on the third day. This is often referred to as a “3 day split.”
Bodybuilders typically follow split routines because high volume workouts have sometimes been correlated with higher levels of hypertrophy (muscle growth). Some bodybuilders will break their splits down even further, doing 5 or even 6 day splits in attempts to achieve maximum growth.
Here are examples of 2 day and 3 day splits:
2 day split:
Day 1 – Upper body day – Push-ups, dips, overhead presses, pull-ups, barbell rows
Day 2 – Lower body day – Squats, deadlifts, lunges, steps ups
3 day split:
Day 1 – Upper body pulling – Pull-ups, pullovers, Australian pull-ups, barbell rows, reverse dumbbell fly
Day 2 – Upper body pushing – Push-ups, dips, overhead presses, tricep extentions, dumbbell fly
Day 3 – Lower body day – Squats, deadlifts, lunges, step ups
Related links:
Squats and Deadlifts
Pullovers
Australian Pull-ups
5 thoughts on “Split Routines
• Pingback: Would this be a good workout? | Mark's Daily Apple Health and Fitness Forum page
• Pingback: Al Kavadlo – We're Working Out! » Ask Al: How Do YOU Train?
• By Igor Washetko -
Hi Al! One question, why would you not include curls or something for bicep because I see you have something for triceps isolation and building the bicep muscle would aid in so many other exercises particularly the pullup? Thanks.
Sorry one more. Also are hspu pretty much the same thing as military press?
• By RobbyTaylor -
Hey Igor, good question about the biceps. There are a couple of reasons for this. These splits are mainly concerned with highly compound exercises. You’ll notice the triceps extension is the only one on the whole list that’s not really compound. The triceps muscles are also about twice as big as the biceps muscles. The biceps would get enough work from all of the upper body exercises anyway. Someone once said to me that deadlifts are good for the biceps. He asks, “Have you ever seen someone deadlift 400 pounds but didn’t have awesome biceps?” I can see why, too, the straight arm positioning is similar to that in a lever hold. Of course, if you feel your biceps strength is lacking, feel free to put curls into your routine. If you want to do a bodyweight exercise for this, check this video out:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-8izkNkcBw
• By Igor Washetko -
Wow thanks for the informative answer. And thanks a lot for the great link. This site truly continues to be an invaluable resource for myself and many others!!
Comments are closed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
FAQ for Testosterone Replacement Therapy
What is testosterone?
Testosterone is a key hormone in the male (and also female) body. It is the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and is commonly directly related to libido (sex drive), overall performance and strength of erections
How common is low testosterone (hypogonadism)?
It is estimated that it affects 13 million men, but this number is likely low, as MANY men never get screened. The male body loses approximately 1-3% of its testosterone every year, after the age of 30. So, by the age of 55, it is VERY likely that you are low on testosterone.
How is low testosterone diagnosed?
A simple in office lab draw can determine if you have low testosterone. Results are usually ready the following day.
What levels are considered to be within normal range?
Depending on the lab, 350 ng/DL – 1100 ng/DL. However, since this number will diminish over time, a 65 year old male with a testosterone of 400 ng/DL might still be considered low, as they were likely >500 ng/DL a few years prior.
What are the benefits of being treated?
The most common benefits are:
• Increased libido (sex drive)
• Harder erections (if the erectile dysfunction is related to the low T, as it commonly is)
• Increased energy
• Increased strength and ability to gain muscle
• Increased concentration and ability to focus
• Decreased body fat (when combined with any reasonable diet/exercise regimen)
• Better sleep
How is it replaced?
There are several options available, and you and your Prestige Physician can determine which suits you best. There are some topical creams/gels available, but the results are traditionally less than satisfactory so we do not usually utilize them. Our two main methods are intramuscular injections and subcutaneous pellet therapy.
• Intramuscular Injections: Given weekly, these shots provide a tremendous boost in testosterone, which lasts 5-7 days. Unfortunately, their is not a reliable longer acting injection at this time.
• Pellet Therapy: Pellet therapy is chosen by many as is has a very reliable, consistent and sustained release of testosterone, that usually peaks in a few weeks and lasts between 3-6 MONTHS, depending on your bodies metabolic patterns and needs. It usually consists of 800-1200mg of time released testosterone stored in pellets, about the size of a small pill. They are inserted with a small device that is about the width of an ink pen, under local anesthetic (lidocaine) in the office.
How long will it take to notice benefits once I start treatment?
With injection therapy, you should notice results in 24-48 hours.
With pellet therapy, you should notice results in a week to 10 days.
How much does it cost?
We pride ourselves on charging significantly less than the competition by being an extremely efficient, completely digital office. For testosterone injection therapy, we charge $80 per month (and $40 for labs every 3-6 months, depending on age), and for pellet therapy we charge $550 every 3-4 months (depending on how long they last in your body). Injections are given weekly and the pellets are given every 3-6 months, depending on your bodies metabolic patterns.
How long do the office visits take?
Your initial appointment will consist of a consult with a physician or possibly a physicians assistant or nurse practitioner, and usually takes about 10 minutes + a lab draw, ~5 minutes. Subsequent visits for injections usually take less than 6 minutes (arrival to departure), and pellets take about 15 minutes (arrival to departure). If labs are being drawn, add ~5 minutes or so to the visit.
How often do I need to get my levels checked? What about PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels?
Your testosterone and PSA will be drawn before therapy, to determine your baseline levels.
Upon initiation of injection therapy, we will likely draw testosterone labs a few days after the first shot, and then again after about 3 weeks of therapy to determine if you are in the appropriate range. After that, we usually draw both testosterone and PSA every 3 months.
Upon initiation of pellet therapy, we will draw testosterone labs 3 months after placement to determine when you would benefit from the next pellet placement.
In addition to the above mentioned labs, we will frequently check your estradiol levels (some testosterone can get converted to estrogen), and a hemoglobin and hematocrit to ensure that the viscosity of your blood does not increase, as this is a rare but possible side effect.
What are the risks associated with treatment?
The most commonly seen side effects are increased size of the prostate (which can cause difficulty urinating), increased red blood cells (which can increase the viscosity/thickness of your blood) and possibly breast pain or enlargement, as some testosterone might get converted to estrogen. Luckily, these side effects are usually easy to manage with other medications to negate their effects. Testosterone supplementation also down regulates your bodies sperm production, so you should not take it if you are trying to impregnate.
Who should not receive testosterone replacement?
Patients with prostate cancer, unexplained elevation of PSA (prostate specific antigen), polycythemia/erytrhocytosis (thickened blood), a history of negative effects after using testosterone, patient with severe heart failure and patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms associated with enlarged prostate should refrain from testosterone replacement therapy. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to Keep Your Chrome Extensions Up to Date
Introduction
Chrome extensions are a great way to enhance your browsing experience. They can add new features, improve productivity, and make your online activities more efficient. However, just like any other software, it is important to keep your Chrome extensions up to date to ensure they are functioning properly and to avoid any security risks.
Why Update Your Chrome Extensions?
Updating your Chrome extensions is crucial for several reasons. First and foremost, updates often include bug fixes and performance improvements that can make your extensions run smoother and faster.
They also address any security vulnerabilities that may have been discovered, keeping your data safe from potential threats. Moreover, updates can bring new features and functionalities to your extensions, making them more useful and relevant to your needs. By keeping your extensions up to date, you can take full advantage of their capabilities and stay ahead of the game.
How to Check for Updates on Chrome Extensions
Now that we understand the importance of updating our Chrome extensions, let's dive into how we can check for updates.
Method 1: Automatic Updates
The easiest way to ensure your extensions are always up to date is by enabling automatic updates. To do this, follow these steps:
1. Open Google Chrome and click on the three dots in the top right corner of the browser.
2. Select 'More tools' and then click on 'Extensions'.
3. In the Extensions page, toggle on the 'Developer mode' option in the top right corner.
4. Under each extension, you will see a checkbox labeled 'Allow in incognito'. Check this box for each extension you want to enable automatic updates for.
5. Once you have selected all the extensions, click on the 'Update' button in the top left corner.
From now on, your extensions will be automatically updated whenever a new version is available.
Method 2: Manual Updates
If you prefer to have more control over when your extensions are updated, you can manually check for updates.
Here's how:
1. Open Google Chrome and click on the three dots in the top right corner of the browser.
2. Select 'More tools' and then click on 'Extensions'.
3. In the Extensions page, toggle on the 'Developer mode' option in the top right corner.
4. Under each extension, you will see a checkbox labeled 'Allow in incognito'. Check this box for each extension you want to update.
5. Once you have selected all the extensions, click on the 'Update' button in the top left corner.
This will check for updates for all your selected extensions and install them if any are available.
Additional Tips
Here are some additional tips to help you keep your Chrome extensions up to date:
• Regularly check for updates: Make it a habit to check for updates at least once a week. This will ensure that you are always running the latest versions of your extensions.
• Remove unused extensions: If you have any extensions that you no longer use, it is best to remove them. Not only will this declutter your browser, but it will also reduce the chances of any security risks from outdated extensions.
• Update your browser: It is important to keep your Google Chrome browser up to date as well.
New versions often come with security patches and bug fixes that can improve the overall performance of your extensions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, keeping your Chrome extensions up to date is crucial for their proper functioning and your online security. By following the methods mentioned above, you can easily check for updates and ensure that you are always running the latest versions of your extensions. Remember to also regularly check for updates and remove any unused extensions to keep your browser running smoothly.
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Page:Two speeches of Robert R. Torrens, Esq., M.P., on emigration, and the colonies.djvu/22
18 arrived. There was a general conviction that war was inevitable—if, indeed, it was not then already raging. The Victorians saw clearly enough that their Colony would be a special object of attack—that the gold ships leaving their port would be to the Privateers from California what the Galleons were in days of old to the Buccaneers of the Spanish Main. The first intimation that hostilities had commenced would probably be the presence of an American ship of war laying the town and shipping under contribution. The quarrel was one in which they had no concern, no voice. They were involved in it solely through their connection with this country, yet no thought of severing that connection was for a moment entertained. One spirit animated all—one common voice called aloud to stand or fall by the old country. Yet this was the Colony in which Mr. G. Duffy had, under the irritation produced by recent despatches, and, apparently, with general concurrence, advocated what was tantamount to severance, though within so short a period the cry in Victoria and throughout those Colonies was—"England's distress is Australia's opportunity," raised in a sense the opposite of that in which it was used by the great Irish Agitator, and the response to it appeared in the shape of munificent contributions on the occasions of the Irish Famine, the Cotton Famine, the Crimean War, and the Indian Mutiny. He regretted that Returns which he had asked for two months ago had not been laid upon the Table, as they would furnish the particulars. He could, however, from another source convey to the House some idea of the spirit which, at a time so recent, animated our fellow-subjects in that part of the world—he referred to a recent work of great interest, entitled Experiences in Viceregal Life, the author of which was not entirely unknown to Mr. Speaker, and, with the permission of the House, he would read a brief extract descriptive of a meeting held in Sydney, on the 20th February, 1855, to raise a fund for the relief of widows and orphans of soldiers who fell in the Crimean War.
"What charmed me most was the feeling of the people. There seemed such a hearty loyalty towards England, such an evident pride in being spoken of as Britons, and having their British sympathies appealed to—any expression of the kind being sure to be followed by hearty applause;—such a cordial recognition of the blessings they enjoyed under British rule, and of the claims therefore which England had on them—a point which was frequently dwelt on by the speakers, and always so cordially applauded that it was delightful to see. £6,000 was subscribed on the spot, though this was only the commencement; and there are still collections to be made all over the Colony."
Such were the feelings towards this country which at that time pervaded those Colonies—feelings now estranged, though he trusted | WIKI |
Classical Music Listings for Feb. 26-Mar. 3
Full reviews of recent classical performances: nytimes.com/classical. A searchable guide to these and other performances is at nytimes.com/events. Metropolitan Opera (Friday through Thursday) Anthony Minghella’s beautiful production of Puccini’s ★ “Madama Butterfly” returns to the house with Hei-Kyung Hong in the title role. Pinkerton is sung by Roberto De Biasio on Saturday and Gwyn Hughes Jones on Wednesday; Karel Mark Chichon conducts. (Saturday at 8 p.m. and Wednesday at 7:30 p.m.) It’s a busy week for Fabio Luisi, who leads the final performance this season of the verismo double bill, with Liudmyla Monastyrska and Yonghoon Lee in “Cavalleria Rusticana” and Marco Berti and Barbara Frittoli in “Pagliacci” (Friday at 8 p.m). He also conducts the soprano Kristine Opolais and the tenor Roberto Alagna in Richard Eyre’s new production of Puccini’s “Manon Lescaut” on Saturday (at 12:30) and Tuesday (at 7:30 p.m.) And on Monday and Thursday at 7:30 p.m., Mr. Luisi conducts Richard Eyre’s staging of Mozart’s “Le Nozze di Figaro,” updated to 1930s Seville, with Mikhail Petrenko as Figaro, Anita Hartig as Susanna, Isabel Leonard as Cherubino, Rachel Willis-Sorensen as the Countess and Luca Pisaroni as the Count. Full schedules are online. Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center, 212-362-6000, metopera.org. (Schweitzer) ★ Anna Netrebko (Sunday) Singers who are charismatic on the opera stage often find solo recitals a daunting prospect. The soprano Anna Netrebko has canceled two planned recitals at Carnegie Hall, the first in 2006 because she didn’t feel “artistically ready” and the second, in 2011, because of vocal fatigue. This time Ms. Netrebko will stay on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera for her New York recital debut, a program of works by Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff, accompanied by the pianist Malcolm Martineau. At 4 p.m., Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center, 212-362-6000, metopera.org. Sold out. (Vivien Schweitzer) Alarm Will Sound (Tuesday) One of the finest contemporary music ensembles around presents the local premiere of Scott Johnson’s “Mind Out of Matter,” based on the ideas and philosophy of Daniel Dennett, which are rooted in cognitive science and evolutionary theory. At 7 p.m., Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 212-535-7710, metmuseum.org/tickets. (David Allen) ★ Piotr Anderszewski (Thursday) This superb pianist, who has spoken of the “extreme loneliness” of the solo recital format, creates an intimate atmosphere when he performs, even in large halls. This event, part of the Great Performers series, features Bach’s first and sixth partitas, Schumann’s “Papillons” and “Ghost” Variations, and Szymanowski’s “Metopes.” At 7:30 p.m., Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center, 212-721-6500, lincolncenter.org. (Schweitzer) Avant Festival (Saturday, through March 5) This adventurous new-music festival continues on Saturday with three chamber operas by John King. The works mesh improvisation, live electronics and “randomly controlled lighting” and are set to texts by Samuel Beckett and Thomas Aquinas; they will be performed by the vocalists Joan La Barbara and Gelsey Bell and by Mr. King on viola and live electronics. At 8 p.m., Wild Project, 195 East Third Street, East Village, 212-228-1195. (Schweitzer) Bargemusic (Friday through Sunday) “Love, Madly” is the title of Friday’s recital by the thoughtful pianist Lara Downes, bringing together music by Prokofiev, Schumann and Debussy as well as a premiere by Daniel Felsenfeld and arrangements of Billie Holiday songs. On Saturday the violist Jeanne Mallow and the pianist Vladimir Valjarevic delve into Brahms’s “Sonatensatz” and the luscious Sonata in B flat by Vieuxtemps. On Sunday the pianists Vassily Primakov and Natalia Lavrova turn their eyes east with music by Rachmaninoff, Tchaikovsky, Schumann (“Bilder aus Osten”) and Corigliano (“Gazebo Dances”). Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m., Sunday at 4 p.m., Bargemusic, Fulton Ferry Landing, next to the Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, 800-838-3006, bargemusic.org. (Corinna da Fonseca-Wollheim) ★ Jay Campbell (Wednesday) This brilliant young cellist has earned a reputation for innovative programs. Here, accompanied by Conor Hanick, he offers an intriguing lineup of arrangements for cello of Scelsi’s “Three Latin Prayers,” Messiaen’s “Vocalise” and “Louange à l’Éternité de Jésus,” and selections from Hildegard von Bingen’s “Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations.” At 7 p.m., Italian Academy, 1161 Amsterdam Avenue, 212-854-2306, italianacademy.columbia.edu. (Schweitzer) ★ Composers Now Festival (through Sunday) This monthlong festival finishes up this weekend. On Sunday there’s “Music + the Mind,” for which the jazz drummer William Hooker joins David Soldier and Brad Garton to translate brain waves into sound waves. More information is at composersnow.org. (Allen) Jaime Laredo and Sharon Robinson (Saturday) The essential Peoples Symphony Concerts, which bring great artists to audiences at affordable prices, present the esteemed violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson, along with the violist Milena Pajaro-van der Stadt and the pianist Anna Polonsky, in works by Schubert, Schumann, Debussy and Dvorak. At 8 p.m., High School of Fashion Industries, 225 West 24th Street, Chelsea, 212-586-4680, pscny.org. (Anthony Tommasini) ★ Minnesota Orchestra (Thursday) Back from the brink of extinction, Minneapolis’s finest return to Carnegie Hall to fulfill a program that was lost during their lockout. Nobody, anywhere, conducts Sibelius better than Osmo Vanska: Hear the First and Third Symphonies, as well as the Violin Concerto, with the soloist Hilary Hahn. At 8 p.m., Stern Auditorium, Carnegie Hall, 212-247-7800, carnegiehall.org. (Allen) Mivos Quartet (Wednesday) This fearless and charismatic ensemble brings new and recent music for string quartet to the Bronx in this Carnegie Hall neighborhood program featuring works by Robert Honstein, Missy Mazzoli, Mario Diaz de Leon, Felipe Lara and Philip Glass. At 7 p.m., Pregones Theater, 575 Walton Avenue, 212-247-7800, carnegiehall.org. (da Fonseca-Wollheim) ★ New York Philharmonic (Friday, Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday) First up this week, Christoph Eschenbach conducts a routine billing of Bartok (with the violinist Baiba Skride) and Dvorak. More enticing by far is Thursday’s concert, which sees the reliably superb Christoph von Dohnányi lead Brahms’s “A German Requiem,” with the New York Choral Artists and two top soloists, Camilla Tilling and Matthias Goerne. Friday at 2 p.m., Saturday at 8 p.m., Tuesday and Thursday at 7:30 p.m., David Geffen Hall, Lincoln Center, 212-875-5656, nyphil.org. (Allen) Russian National Orchestra (Wednesday) This acclaimed orchestra, which made its debut in 1990, brings a Russian program to Carnegie Hall. Mikhail Pletnev conducts a Borodin tone poem, Prokofiev’s Violin Concerto No. 2 (with the young virtuoso Stefan Jackiw) and Stravinsky’s “Firebird” Suite. At 8 p.m., Isaac Stern Auditorium, Carnegie Hall, 212-247-7800, carnegiehall.org. (Tommasini) Talea Ensemble (Friday) As part of the American Immersion series, the Austrian Cultural Forum, in association with the Czech Center New York, presents the second program devoted to works of the modernist Austrian composer Georg Friedrich Haas, performed by the dynamic Talea Ensemble. James Baker conducts four works, all written during the last 15 years, featuring Tony Arnold (soprano) and Gareth Flowers (trumpet). At 8 p.m., Bohemian National Hall, 321 East 73rd Street, Manhattan, 646-422-3300, bohemiannationalhall.com. (Tommasini) ★ Tenet (Saturday) Written in 1680, Buxtehude’s monumental cantata cycle “Membra Jesu Nostri” is billed as the first Lutheran oratorio; here, one of New York’s premier early-music ensembles teams with the conductor Scott Metcalfe for a rare performance of this searching music. At 7 p.m., Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Central Park West and 65th Street, 212-222-4066, tenet.nyc. (da Fonseca-Wollheim) ★ Trinity Wall Street Choir (Thursday) For one night only, the invaluable and excellent choir and orchestra at Trinity Church at Wall Street perform Bach’s “St. Matthew Passion.” Julian Wachner conducts. At 1 p.m., Trinity Church, Broadway at Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, 212-602-0800, trinitywallstreet.org. (Tommasini) Vienna Philharmonic (Friday through Sunday) This formidable ensemble led by the conductor Valery Gergiev is at Carnegie Hall with different programs all weekend. On Saturday, the brilliant soprano Heidi Melton joins the group for selections from Wagner’s “Götterdämmerung” in a program dedicated to myth, madness and dreams. It also features the prelude to Mussorgsky’s “Khovanshchina” and the New York premiere of Olga Neuwirth’s “Masaot/Clocks Without Hands.” Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m., Sunday at 2 p.m., Stern Auditorium, Carnegie Hall, 212-247-7800, carnegiehall.org. (da Fonseca-Wollheim) A classical music entry in the Listings pages on Friday about a Peoples Symphony Concert tonight featuring the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson included a site for the performance that is now outdated. Because of a fire at Washington Irving High School, the concert will be held instead at the High School of Fashion Industries at 225 West 24th Street in Manhattan, not at Washington Irving. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
File:Wikipedia article life.GIF
Summary
Life of a wikipedia article. Red arrows show stage at which article is a red link; dotted arrows show when it is an orphaned page. (I will get round to putting in a legend...)
Made by me. | WIKI |
Patrick Galbraith (ice hockey)
Patrick Galbraith (born March 11, 1986) is a Danish professional ice hockey goaltender. Gailbraith currently plays under contract with SønderjyskE in the Danish Metal Ligaen (DEN).
Playing career
Galbraith spent the 2006-07 campaign with EJHL outfit New Hampshire Junior Monarchs. In his native Denmark, he played for Vojens IK.
Earlier in his career, he spent time with Swedish sides IK Oskarshamn, Frölunda HC, Leksands IF and IF Björklöven, had a short stint with HC Slovan Bratislava in Slovakia and was a member of the Espoo Blues in Finland. Galbraith played for Karlskrona HK in the HockeyAllsvenskan since 2013 before moving to Krefeld in December 2015.
After his first full season with the Pinguines in 2016–17, he appeared in 45 games but was unable to prevent the team from finishing last. Galbraith left the club on March 3, 2017, after it was revealed he would not be offered a new contract.
International play
Galbraith participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Denmark men's national ice hockey team.
Personal
Patrick's father, George Galbraith, was also an ice hockey goaltender. A Canadian, George moved to Denmark in 1977 to play for Vojens IK. | WIKI |
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1.
Also known as Deut...
Courtesy of Ogame.org
"Deuterium is also called heavy hydrogen. It is a stable isotope of hydrogen with a natural abundance in the oceans of colonies of approximately one atom in 6500 of hydrogen (~154 PPM). Deuterium thus accounts for approximately 0.015% (on a weight basis, 0.030%) of all. Deuterium is processed by special synthesizers which can separate the water from the Deuterium using specially designed centrifuges. The upgrade of the synthesizer allows for increasing the amount of Deuterium deposits processed. Deuterium is used when carrying out sensor phalanx scans, viewing galaxies, as fuel for ships, and performing specialized research upgrades."
CRAP!! I NEED DEUTERIUM!! DOES ANYONE HAVE DEUT?! I NEED IT NAOW!!!
by DeutSniffer December 03, 2008
5 0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Adolf Hitler's Proclamation to the Soldiers of the Western Front (10 May 1940)
The hour of the most decisive battle for the future of the German nation has come.
For over 300 years it has been the ambition of British and French rulers to prevent a real consolidation of Europe and, in particular, to keep Germany weak and impotent. To this end, France alone has declared war on Germany thirty-one times in the course of two centuries.
For decades it has also been the ambition of the British rulers of the world to prevent Germany, under all circumstances, from attaining unity while denying the Reich those vital goods necessary to sustain a people of eighty million. England and France have pursued this policy regardless of which regime reigned in Germany at any point in time. Their target was always the German Volk. Men of responsibility in those countries proclaimed this ambition openly.
Germany was to be shattered and dissolved into many small states. Then the Reich would lose its political power and hence its means of securing for the German Volk its vital rights upon this earth. For this reason, all my offers of peace were rejected and war was declared on us on September 3 of last year.
The German Volk harbors neither hatred nor animosity toward either the English or the French people. Today, however, it faces the question whether it desires to live or rather to perish.
Within a few weeks, the valiant troops of our armies have defeated the Polish enemy sent up to the front by Britain and France. Thereby they have eliminated the danger in the East. Consequently, Britain and France determined to assault Germany in the North. Ever since April 9, the Wehrmacht has quelled this attempt from its very beginnings.
Now has come to pass what we have envisioned as a threatening danger throughout the past months. Britain and France aim to push for the Ruhr territory through Holland and Belgium while undertaking a gigantic effort at diversion in southeast Europe.
Soldiers of the Western Front! Your hour has come. The battle beginning on this day will determine the fate of the German nation for the next one thousand years. Now do your duty. The German Volk is with you in its desire for victory.
Adolf Hitler | WIKI |
Page:Child-life in Japan and Japanese child stories (Ayrton, Matilida Chaplin. , 1901).djvu/99
By ALLEN C. THOMAS, A. M. Author of "History of the United States," and Professor of History in Haverford College.
HE Elementary History is for the use of younger classes, and serves as an introduction to the author's larger History of the United States.
Effort has been made to present such important phases of national growth as the difficulties and dangers of exploration, and how they were overcome by earnestness and perseverance; the risks and hardships of settlement, and how they were met and conquered; the independence and patriotism of the colonists, and how they triumphed; the effect of environment upon character; the development of the people in politics and government and in social life; and the progress of invention and its effect upon national development.
Realizing the fascination that the personalities of our national heroes have for the young, the author has chosen those men who best illustrate the important periods in the making of our nation, and in a series of interesting biographical sketches uses their lives as centers around which the history is written. Thus the book has all the freshness and vitality, all the rapidity of action, and all the interest, of tales of patriotism and courage and untiring endurance, and yet preserves accuracy of fact and due proportion of importance of events.
Cloth. 357 pages. Maps and illustrations. Introduction price, 60 cents.
D. C. HEATH & CO., Publishers, Boston, New York, Chicago. | WIKI |
Talk:Bushnell University
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:23, 5 August 2020 (UTC)
* Bushnell University seal.svg
Previous Name in Lead
Wherefore the name Northwest Christian University/College has been in use for the vast majority of recent memory, and the name change occurred so recently, I propose that the previous name should be referred to in the lead somewhere, probably just as an added sentence at the end, "The school was known as Northwest Christian University until 2020."
The current state of affairs can be rather confusing for someone aware of NCU but not aware of the name change, which I expect is a large demographic at the moment. I'll go ahead and do it if there's no objections? Koricind (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 01:56, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
...gonna go ahead and add it. any issues, let me know.Koricind (talk) 00:54, 7 October 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Margaret Fuller Ossoli (Higginson).djvu/200
182 been as gentle, as dull, and as silent as the most fussy old bachelor could desire his housekeeper to be. You said, however, I could come and live there, if I had not a mind to talk, so I am not afraid, but will come, hoping there may be a flow after this ebb, which has almost restored the health of your affectionate “”  
Again, this extract from a letter to Mr. Emerson (August 10, 1842) illustrates the same point. It seems that Professor Farrar and his wife were to have taken a journey, in which case Margaret Fuller would have remained in their house at Cambridge, a plan that would have “insured several weeks of stillness and solitude” for her; she being “tired to death of dissipation.” This failing, she expresses willingness to go to Concord, but, should that be inconvenient, she can go to Brook Farm, as the next best medicine: —
“They will give me a room at Brook Farm, if I wish, let me do as I please, and I think if I went there to stay I could keep by myself, and employ myself, if there is any force in my mind. Beside, I will not give up seeing you. If you do not want me to stay in this unlimited fashion I will come for two or three days, on a visit technically speaking. But I want to know beforehand which it shall be, for, if I come to stay, I shall bring my paper, etc., but if not I shall leave them here, write to Brook Farm to engage my room, and go there so soon as I have seen you satisfactorily.”
However she might dream of solitude, she could | WIKI |
Quick Tips for Maintaining Bone Health
The bones perform some of the most important functions in your body, including keeping you standing upright, carrying your body weight and acting as the largest reservoir of calcium. Calcium is a critical mineral used in many bodily functions, including muscle contractions – yes, your bones even help keep your heart pumping.
Did you know that your bones are continually changing over your lifetime? Your body is constantly making new bone and breaking down the old bone. However, as you age, your bones become thinner and you are more susceptible to diseases such as osteoporosis.
So what can you do to ensure you keep strong and healthy bones, no matter your age? Read these quick tips for maintaining bone health below to find out.
1. Get Active.
We all know that regular exercise can help ward off a variety of health issues, but it also helps to keep bones healthy and strong. People who are physically inactive have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who get regular exercise.
The Surgeon General recommends at least 30 minutes a day of weight bearing or strengthening physical activity for adults. Walking, hiking, jogging, climbing stairs, tennis, and dancing are all great ways to get moving and build your bones. Be sure to talk with your doctor before you begin any exercise regimen.
2. Get Enough Calcium.
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium is 1,000 milligrams (mg) a day for adults ages 19 to 50 and men ages 51 to 70. You can get calcium in a variety of ways. You can take a calcium supplement, there are many over the-counter varieties available. You can also add calcium to your diet through a variety of foods such as milk, yogurt, spinach, almonds, canned salmon, sardines, broccoli, kale and soy products.
Remember that your calcium needs can change as you age. Make sure to check with your physician to see what dosage of calcium is right for you.
3. Don’t Forget the D.
Make sure you take your calcium with vitamin D. Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium. The sun is a great source of vitamin D. 10-15 minutes a day, three times a week is enough. However, many of us are deprived of our sun time during the winter months so taking a vitamin D supplement may be in order.
4. Stop Smoking
Research suggests that smoking contributes to weak bones by reducing the body’s ability to absorb calcium and therefore reducing bone mass.
5. Watch your Weight.
Being underweight is a high risk factor for osteoporosis. Underweight people tend to have lower bone mass than heavier people at a similar height.
6. Protein – Not all are created equal.
While we all know the value of protein for muscle mass and keeping us healthy, protein is one of the key components of bone tissue know as matrix. The bone tissue or matrix is made up of special triple-helix proteins known as collagen. This protein provides the framework for calcium and other critical minerals to bind and create strong healthy bones. A new breakthrough in molecular nutrition, known as Cyplexinol®, is a specialized protein which activates key cells to grow this critical bone tissue. Cyplexinol® is rapidly changing the landscape of natural bone nutritional supplements.
Written by James Scaffidi, BS and Robin Edwards of ZyCal Bioceuticals
*This blog was written by an outside source. This blog does not necessarily reflect the views or positions of Natural Partners. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In my previous post about red wolves
, I discussed how the gunshot mortality on the wild population has risen significantly in the past few years. Sadly, it is believed that some of these shootings are intentional, but another reason for the increase is because juvenile red wolves are similar in size to coyotes, and leads to mistaken identity by hunter
s. This problem may be amplified by the fact that eastern coyotes are larger in size than their western cousins, which in turn makes them more difficult to decipher from red wolves.
As coyotes from the west migrated to the eastern United States, they adapted to new environments. Interestingly enough, these new populations of larger coyotes started to take on other characteristics of red wolves, such as hunting in packs. Some biologists argue that this is a characteristic that western coyotes have had for decades, but not according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
Coyotes were able to move in and take over empty territories as the red wolf population declined. Now the coyote population in the eastern U.S. is large and thriving, and it’s hard to believe that they were once never here. Helping red wolves to regain control of their territories is one of the biggest issues that the USFWS faces today.
Stay tuned for my next post where I discuss the threat of dog diseases and the sort of impact they can have on the wild population, as well. | FINEWEB-EDU |
José Luis Vásquez
José Luis Vásquez (born 1957) is a retired Peruvian professional football player and manager. | WIKI |
Talk:Aarhus metropolitan area
No title
The quality of this is so low that it should probably be removed completely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:42, 26 May 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:The Ego and Its Own
Title
"its", surely?, not "Its"? -- Zoe
No, it should be capitalised.
In addition to the rather uninformative above: Stirner uses capitalization as a specific and central stylistic device. Although nouns are capitalized in German, pronouns are normally not, Stirner does this to emphasize the specific manner in which he uses them (the gender of the pronoun is an entirely different problem, as already the title of the book is male in German). — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:17, 9 January 2012 (UTC)
Asterisk
I've just overhauled the spelling, grammar, and typography of this article, but there's one issue that I can't resolve, as I don't have the book. In the quotation that ends the first section of the article there's an asterisk which doesn't seem to serve any purpose; is it there in error, or is there a reason (which should therefore be explained)? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:25, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
The asterisk should not be there. In the book there is a foot note citing the German word from which "use" was translated. --Stan
Translation of the title
Neither "The Ego" nor "The Individual" translate "Der Einzige" really properly. "Der Einzige" means "The Single One" or "The Sole One" (German is my native language). Gestumblindi 00:52, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
* The point, though, is that the title is in fact translated as "Ego" and "Individual". I know nothing of the contents, so can't be sure, but I imagine that the term is being used in a technical sense to mean something best translated in this way. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:31, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
* No, if Stirner meant "The Ego" or "The Individual", he would have used "Der Einzelne" or even "Das Ich"; you are right in that the English translations use "Ego" or "Individual", it is therefore correct to say so in the article. The translations are described as poor, though (a storied and variegated history of mis-translation ... a few important passages are incomprehensible without recourse to the original German), so it wouldn't me surprise at all if the translators simply interpreted "Der Einzige" wrongly as "Der Einzelne". I think it could be good to add something regarding the fact that the German title has a meaning quite different from the English version to the article. Gestumblindi 01:39, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
What makes me dubious is that it's such an obvious mistranslation; I mean, one only has to look in a medium-sized German-English dictionary in order to see the term's usual translation. Mistranslation is one thing, but this would be an egregious error, not likely to be made by a schoolchild with a Langenscheidt to hand. I think that we need some positive reason, based on the contents of the book, in order to draw attention to the supposed mistake. Could it be that mid-nineteenth-century academic German used "der Einzige" in a technical way? After all, people make all sorts of serious mistakes when they read English words like "cause", "perfection", "idea", etc., in historical texts as if they had their modern meanings.
The only material that I've been able to find on my own bookshelves is Woodcock's article in Edwards' The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (vol.8, pp 17-18), and that supports the view that Stirner was talking about the individual and about philosophical egoism. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:47, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
* Of course Stirner was talking about the individual and about philosophical egoism; the individual, however, should view himself als "The Sole One", "Der Einzige" (I have a German edition here), which is in a way the point of his work, and so he writes in the final chapter: Eigner bin Ich meiner Gewalt, und Ich bin es dann, wenn Ich Mich als Einzigen weiss. Im Einzigen kehrt selbst der Eigner in sein schöpferisches Nichts zurück, aus welchem er geboren wird. (...) Stell' Ich auf Mich, den Einzigen, meine Sache, dann steht sie auf dem Vergänglichen, dem sterblichen Schöpfer seiner, der sich selbst verzehrt, und Ich darf sagen: Ich hab' mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt. The italics are original; he clearly makes a point of being "der Einzige", "The Sole One". Also, Adelung's famous 19th century dictionary is using "einzig" already as we know it now. Gestumblindi 23:23, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
Well, I have for now just added: "a literal translation would read The Sole One and His Property"; this leaves the question of whether "The Individual..." is a mis-translation hopefully open enough for those who think it is appropriate. Gestumblindi 21:00, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
* I think that this rather misrepresents the notion of language (as though they map on to each other in the manner of codes, so that there's a "literal translation"). As any translator would confirm, a word in one language will be translated into another language in many different ways, according to the context, and there's often room for disagreement. Think, for example, of "Sinn" and "Bedeutung". --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:36, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
* I agree; there are often many possible translations (and many good ones) of a given word or title. However, I think that "The Ego and Its Own" as well as "The Individual and His Property" are too much interpretations of the original and it is helpful to add one of the possible literal translations of this title. Some degree of interpretation is needed when translating, this I don't deny; I think here of a "literal translation" in the sense of a restrained translation that doesn't try to express what the author "really meant" but what a German reader would make of the title. Another good possibility would be "The Single One and His Property", as I mentioned above, but one does suffice, I think - note, I wrote "a literal translation", not "the literal translation". Gestumblindi 18:45, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
True enough. As you'll have seen, I've not changed the article; it's just that I'm a little worried about the notion of an uninterpreted translation... --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
* I discovered that the Byington translation (1907) is available online at http://bellsouthpwp.net/m/s/mschelb/ego.htm ; from the original publisher's preface:
* In particular, I am responsible for the admittedly erroneous rendering of the title. "The Ego and His Own" is not an exact English equivalent of "Der Einzige und Sein Eigentum." But then, there is no exact English equivalent. Perhaps the nearest is "The Unique One and His Property." But the unique one is not strictly the Einzige, for uniqueness connotes not only singleness but an admirable singleness, while Stirner’s Einzigkeit is admirable in his eyes only as such, it being no part of the purpose of his book to distinguish a particular Einzigkeit as more excellent than another. Moreover, "The Unique One and His Property " has no graces to compel our forgiveness of its slight inaccuracy. It is clumsy and unattractive. And the same objections may be urged with still greater force against all the other renderings that have been suggested, – "The Single One and His Property," "The Only One and His Property," "The Lone One and His Property," "The Unit and His Property," and, last and least and worst, "The Individual and His Prerogative." " The Ego and His Own," on the other hand, if not a precise rendering, is at least an excellent title in itself; excellent by its euphony, its monosyllabic incisiveness, and its telling – Einzigkeit. (...) Gestumblindi 20:35, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
* Yeah, you could have a separate article on the translation of the title --but why bother? I think that every edition discusses this in their respective introductions --and there isn't much more to be said. An overly technical rendering such as, "The unique one and his distinctive property" would be absurd in modern English, and, let's face it, "ego" is vague enough to suit the purpose (Freud doesn't own the exclusive rights to that word).
Anyone who has understood Stirner's book might possible agree that the book is about the individual and his uniqueness. It has nothing to do with the an individual's "own" or "property."Lestrade (talk) 00:36, 24 November 2011 (UTC)Lestrade
* Uniqueness (Einzigkeit) seems to me a rather trivial quality of any man or, for that matter, of any living being and, in the end, of any object. What Stirner wants to explain is what "Ownness" (the whole part II of his book) means, and what qualities an "Owner" has. --Nescio* (talk) 14:49, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
* "Trivial" is a subjective adjective. It only communicates that which seems or appears to you. By "uniqueness" I meant that Stirner emphasized the fact that every individual has only one unique life to live and shouldn't let that life be affected by any external influence, such as the government, the church, society, etc.Lestrade (talk) 16:39, 24 November 2011 (UTC)Lestrade
* Only now coming back to this place, I'd like to response, that firstly it is trivial to say that a man has only one life, and secondly that more important and specific for Stirner are the "internal influences", as spooks, fixed ideas etc, in short all that what makes up the Freudian super-ego, the "malign introject" from the early years of life, which most people cannot get rid of in a lifetime. --Nescio* (talk) 16:50, 5 February 2013 (UTC)
My own understanding of the title would be "The individual and his selfhood" - though with the obvious problem of the gender-specific tendency entailed by "his". CAS, Perth AUS, 22 December 2016
The newer translation by Wolfi Landstreicher translates the title as ‘The Unique and Its Property’. Perhaps this should be mentioned in the article? Runesq (talk) 20:45, 28 January 2020 (UTC)
text on Cambridge University Press edition moved here
The text provided about the misinterpretations of david leopold in the Max Stirner article have been moved here due to the fact that they are mainly relevant to readers of the Cambridge edition, and are more a comment on one individual's misinterpretation of Stirner's thought than Stirner's thought in general.--Itafroma 11:50, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
David Leopold's Pessimism
The article says that David Leopold's introduction is overall pessimistic. Pessimism means that this is the worst of all possible worlds. Is that what David Leopold claims in his introduction?Lestrade 18:54, 30 August 2006 (UTC)Lestrade
I have never read his much disputed introduction, and i didn't write the text about his intro, but i did edit in the pessimistic part while trying to make it more impartial. But the word is used alot more loosely than your above stated meaning. I don't think that interpreting something in an overall pessimistic way necessarily means that you have interpreted the subject as being the worst of all possible scenarios. Pessimism, aswell as your stated meaning means: a tendency to take the worst view. I was implying that Leopold had taken a view that was, overall, negative, and not as positive as the one the person who wrote the article about his intro had taken.Itafroma 16:29, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* The Latin word pessimus means "worst." Unless we want to glorify in ambiguity and speak to each other in code and personal languages, we should use words according to their conventionally agreed-upon meaning. "Negative" and "positive" are also unclear words. They each have several meanings that vary according to the context in which they are used. Negative could mean "denied," "refused," "prohibited," "vetoed," "opposed," "contradicted," "disproved," "counteracted," "neutralized," "disavowed," "disclaimed," "refuted," "repealed," "revoked," "belied," "repudiated," "dissented," "contravened," "annulled," "invalidated," "absent," "subtracted," "reversed," "bad," "excluded," and other predicates.Lestrade 17:03, 1 September 2006 (UTC)Lestrade
* My intention was not "to Glorify in ambiguity", speak in codes, or use personal languages. I was just using the word as i understand it to be used. Maybe i used the word inaccurately, but this article and the Max Stirner article need to be improved. The old wording was "bleak and uncompromisiing", and as i said i have'nt read his intro, so if you could edit in a more aprapprate term it would be helpful.Itafroma 20:37, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
Leopold has seen it, and replied
Prior to collective editing, a longer version of this critique of Leopold's introduction (now pared down and included on this page) was indeed sent to him, and he read it and replied.
I'm glad to see that it wasn't entirely eliminated from the Wiki version of reality (I think it disappeared and re-appeared).
I don't think that this passage constitutes "original research" as it simply presents direct quotations from two published sources (viz., Leopold's text and Stirner's text) --at any rate, there's nothing original enough about such a contrast between quotations to disqualify it from the wiki.
* The opinions expressed in the passage are not. Cributed to any reliable source. That it "presents direct quotations from two published sources" is a classic case of unpublished synthesis. From WP:SYN:
* Editors often make the mistake of thinking that if A is published by a reliable source, and B is published by a reliable source, then A and B can be joined together in an article to advance position C. However, this would be an example of a new synthesis of published material serving to advance a position, and as such it would constitute original research.
* As such I have removed the following section:
* ";David Leopold's introduction.
* Turning to the introduction to the Cambridge University Press edition of The Ego and its Own (Ibidem, pg. xxxi), the interpretation provided by David Leopold is overall pessimistic.
* "... [W]hen Stirner talks of the egoist being 'owner' of the world it seems simply to indicate the absence of obligations on the egoist --a bleak and uncompromising vision that he captures in an appropriately alimentary image:"
* The "bleak and uncompromising vision" that he alludes to on p263 is in fact a description of a bird singing in a tree for the sheer joy of creating its own song. Stirner's words immediately preceding the quotation provided by David Leopold are as follows:
* The "bleak and uncompromising vision" that he alludes to on p263 is in fact a description of a bird singing in a tree for the sheer joy of creating its own song. Stirner's words immediately preceding the quotation provided by David Leopold are as follows:
* Stirner's intended meaning for the word 'use' [gebrauche] in this excerpt is established in the context of the metaphor of the singing bird. By taking the quote out of context, David Leopold imposes a possibly unintended meaning upon the verb "use" [gebrauche] as implying "instrumental treatment" (p. xxxi). This pessimistic representation of the source text is further demonstrated when we consider Stirner's words immediately following the quotation selected by Leopold:
* Stirner's intended meaning for the word 'use' [gebrauche] in this excerpt is established in the context of the metaphor of the singing bird. By taking the quote out of context, David Leopold imposes a possibly unintended meaning upon the verb "use" [gebrauche] as implying "instrumental treatment" (p. xxxi). This pessimistic representation of the source text is further demonstrated when we consider Stirner's words immediately following the quotation selected by Leopold:
* David Leopold ends his quotation with "We owe each other nothing" full stop, without providing an ellipsis to indicate that he is breaking off Stirner in mid-sentence, so that the subject Stirner discusses is not included in the quotation, a major faux pas for an academic."
* Skomorokh incite 01:17, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
Phenomenology of Mind/Spirit
Does anyone know exactly how "the book is largely modelled on the work Phenomenology of Spirit by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel"? What are Lawrence Stepelevich's reasons for making this claim? Is Stirner's book an account of how Mind/Spirit becomes aware of itself through the three–step self–movement of truth until it finally becomes Absolute God contentedly admiring His own Absolute Mind/Spirit? Lestrade (talk) 20:17, 12 November 2008 (UTC)Lestrade
* I found this.Lestrade (talk) 03:06, 13 November 2008 (UTC)Lestrade
* The only thing I could find on Google Books/Scholar even discussing the Ego and Phenomenology of the Spirit in the same article was this, which is scant support for Stepelvich's claim. I suggest removing the stub-section on the alleged Hegelian influence until we can find some better treatment of the subject. the skomorokh 03:17, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
Censure on 1844
Hello, I'm french and I have made a big part of french wikipedia Stirner's article. About censure, this may be interesting to know that the book, was censored the day he was published, in october 1844. But the censure was (hum what the word, they give up censure) two days after, because, they say, the book was "too absurd to be dangerous". Interesting, not ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:43, 3 September 2010 (UTC)
Content section
"The primary implication of undermining these concepts and institutions is, for Stirner, an rational egoism, which can be said to transcend language"
While this section may need a lot of work a did a little clean up, such as removing the above quoted section, as it makes little sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dondoolee (talk • contribs) 03:06, 31 December 2010 (UTC)
Details on the three English editions
Note that after scrutinizing all the leads offered by Google, I finally found a good description of all the editions of "The Ego and his Own", especially the three English editions, in " Max Stirner within the LSR project":
Max Stirner - The Ego and Its Own
The German original: Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum. Leipzig: Otto Wigand 1845 [Okt. 1844]
In print: Der Einzige und sein Eigentum. Stuttgart: Reclam 1972 ff
First English edition: The Ego and His Own, trans. Steven T. Byington, ed. Benjamin R. Tucker, pref. James L. Walker. New York: Benjamin R. Tucker 1907. xx + 506 pp. (This edition was reprinted several times by several publishers in New York and London up to 1931)
Second English edition: The Ego and His Own, trans. Steven T. Byington, ed. and pref. James J. Martin. New York: Libertarian Book Club 1963. xxii + 366 pp. (This edition was reprinted several times by several publishers in the U.S.A. and U.K. up to 1993, sometimes with pref. by Sidney E. Parker)
Third English edition: The Ego and Its Own, trans. Steven T. Byington, ed., intro., annot. by David Leopold. Cambridge / New York / Melbourne: Cambridge University Press 1995. xl + 324 + 62 (annot.) pp. David Leopold changed the title (His to Its) "not out of ahistorical considerations of 'political correctness' but because Stirner clearly identifies the egoistic subject as prior to gender" (p. xl). He accepted the Byington translation ("an heroic attempt to convey the readable yet idiosyncratic prose of Stirner's original") but "made a number of amendments, such as removing infelicities and archaisms, replacing the occasional missing sentence, and restoring some of the original paragraph and sections breaks." (p. xxxix)
An abridged English edition: The Ego and His Own, trans. Steven T. Byington, revised, selected and annotated by John Carroll. New York / London: Harper & Row 1971. 266 pp. The book appeared in a series "Roots of the Right. Readings in Fascist, Racist and Elitist Ideology", together with writings by Gobineau, Rosenberg, de Maistre, Maurras. The text consists of a mix of about a hundred quotations from "The Ego" (and some from Stirner's Minor Writings), reducing the volume to about a half.
The following text is a working text, based on the Tucker edition. For italicized words and Stirner's footnotes see any of the three editions. For pagination see the table of contents. Very helpful are the endnotes of the edition Leopold. As an introduction to Stirner resp. his historical position see Bernd A. Laska: A durable dissident - Stirner in a nutshell
This page also gives a table of concordance of page numbers between the three English editions, but only for the first page of each section and subsection of the book. However the text of the book shown in one page (wonderful for immediate location of quotations) does not indicate the page numbers, not even of the off copyright Tucker edition of the 1907 edition
Please note also that the full Tucker 1907 edition is shown with full preservation of page numbers on the TMH ("The Memory Hole") site: The Ego and His Own by Max Stirner
So, it is easy to locate any given quote in the full text with the LSR, and then identify the page number in the Tucker 1907 edition with the TMH transcription, But, for such a given quote, it is not possible to identify the page number in the 1995 Leopold edition without having a copy of the 1995 print in hand. --ROO BOOKAROO (talk) 15:20, 17 April 2013 (UTC)
Date of publication
The date given in the original edition was moved forward to 1845, not back to 1844. It was actually published in 1844, cf. also the German entry. The current English entry is wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:33, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
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User:Benjamin Hocking
This is a old account.
I have since migrated to using
User:Bmwhocking
Meaning all my social media username handles match up. | WIKI |
2004 in Belize
Events in the year 2004 in Belize.
Incumbents
* Monarch: Elizabeth II
* Governor-General: Colville Young
* Prime Minister: Said Musa
Events
* St. Viator Vocational High School formed August
* Belize Bird Rescue formed
* George Price Centre for Peace and Development opened to public January 16
* Krem Television formed November | WIKI |
User:Unaiz arakkal
Myself Unaiz. I am a citizen of the planet earth. Interests varies from technology, business to history and philosophy. Travelling and exploring through the ocean of knowledge is my passion and the way to the almighty. I believe in sharing and is the way to grow. | WIKI |
Golang Interface
Declaring Interface Types
An Interface is an abstract type.
Interface describes all the methods of a method set and provides the signatures for each method.
To create interface use interface keyword, followed by curly braces containing a list of method names, along with any parameters or return values the methods are expected to have.
Example
// Declare an Interface Type and methods does not have a body
type Employee interface {
PrintName() string // Method with string return type
PrintAddress(id int) // Method with int parameter
PrintSalary(b int, t int) float64 // Method with parameters and return type
}
An interfaces act as a blueprint for method sets, they must be implemented before being used. Type that satisfies an interface is said to implement it.
Define Type that Satisfies an Interface
Defines an interface type named Employee with two methods. Then it defines a type named Emp that satisfies Employee.
We define all the methods on Emp that it needs to satisfy Employee
Example
package main
import "fmt"
// Employee is an interface for printing employee details
type Employee interface {
PrintName(name string)
PrintSalary(basic int, tax int) int
}
// Emp user-defined type
type Emp int
// PrintName method to print employee name
func (e Emp) PrintName(name string) {
fmt.Println("Employee Id:\t", e)
fmt.Println("Employee Name:\t", name)
}
// PrintSalary method to calculate employee salary
func (e Emp) PrintSalary(basic int, tax int) int {
var salary = (basic * tax) / 100
return basic - salary
}
func main() {
var e1 Employee
e1 = Emp(1)
e1.PrintName("John Doe")
fmt.Println("Employee Salary:", e1.PrintSalary(25000, 5))
}
If a type has all the methods declared in an interface, then no further declarations needed explicitly to say that Emp satisfies Employee.
Declares an e1 variable with Employee as its type, then creates a Emp value and assigns it to e1.
Define Type that Satisfies Multiple Interfaces
Interfaces allows any user-defined type to satisfy multiple interface types at once.
Using Type Assertion you can get a value of a concrete type back and you can call methods on it that are defined on other interface, but aren't part of the interface satisfying.
Example
package main
import "fmt"
type Polygons interface {
Perimeter()
}
type Object interface {
NumberOfSide()
}
type Pentagon int
func (p Pentagon) Perimeter() {
fmt.Println("Perimeter of Pentagon", 5*p)
}
func (p Pentagon) NumberOfSide() {
fmt.Println("Pentagon has 5 sides")
}
func main() {
var p Polygons = Pentagon(50)
p.Perimeter()
var o Pentagon = p.(Pentagon)
o.NumberOfSide()
var obj Object = Pentagon(50)
obj.NumberOfSide()
var pent Pentagon = obj.(Pentagon)
pent.Perimeter()
}
When a user-defined type implements the set of methods declared by an interface type, values of the user-defined type can be assigned to values of the interface type. This assignment stores the value of the user-defined type into the interface value. When a method call is made against an interface value, the equivalent method for the stored user-defined value will be executed. Since any user-defined type can implement any interface, method calls against an interface value are polymorphic in nature. The user-defined type in this relationship is often referred as concrete type.
Interfaces with common Method
Two or more interfaces can have one or more common method in list of method sets. Here, Structure is a common method between two interfaces Vehicle and Human.
Example
package main
import "fmt"
type Vehicle interface {
Structure() []string // Common Method
Speed() string
}
type Human interface {
Structure() []string // Common Method
Performance() string
}
type Car string
func (c Car) Structure() []string {
var parts = []string{"ECU", "Engine", "Air Filters", "Wipers", "Gas Task"}
return parts
}
func (c Car) Speed() string {
return "200 Km/Hrs"
}
type Man string
func (m Man) Structure() []string {
var parts = []string{"Brain", "Heart", "Nose", "Eyelashes", "Stomach"}
return parts
}
func (m Man) Performance() string {
return "8 Hrs/Day"
}
func main() {
var bmw Vehicle
bmw = Car("World Top Brand")
var labour Human
labour = Man("Software Developer")
for i, j := range bmw.Structure() {
fmt.Printf("%-15s <=====> %15s\n", j, labour.Structure()[i])
}
}
Output
ECU <=====> Brain
Engine <=====> Heart
Air Filters <=====> Nose
Wipers <=====> Eyelashes
Gas Task <=====> Stomach
Interface Accepting Address of the Variable
The Print() methods accept a receiver pointer. Hence, the interface must also accept a receiver pointer.
If a method accepts a type value, then the interface must receive a type value; if a method has a pointer receiver, then the interface must receive the address of the variable of the respective type.
Example
package main
import "fmt"
type Book struct {
author, title string
}
type Magazine struct {
title string
issue int
}
func (b *Book) Assign(n, t string) {
b.author = n
b.title = t
}
func (b *Book) Print() {
fmt.Printf("Author: %s, Title: %s\n", b.author, b.title)
}
func (m *Magazine) Assign(t string, i int) {
m.title = t
m.issue = i
}
func (m *Magazine) Print() {
fmt.Printf("Title: %s, Issue: %d\n", m.title, m.issue)
}
type Printer interface {
Print()
}
func main() {
var b Book // Declare instance of Book
var m Magazine // Declare instance of Magazine
b.Assign("Jack Rabbit", "Book of Rabbits") // Assign values to b via method
m.Assign("Rabbit Weekly", 26) // Assign values to m via method
var i Printer // Declare variable of interface type
fmt.Println("Call interface")
i = &b // Method has pointer receiver, interface does not
i.Print() // Show book values via the interface
i = &m // Magazine also satisfies shower interface
i.Print() // Show magazine values via the interface
}
Empty Interface Type
The type interface{} is known as the empty interface, and it is used to accept values of any type. The empty interface doesn't have any methods that are required to satisfy it, and so every type satisfies it.
Example
package main
import "fmt"
func printType(i interface{}) {
fmt.Println(i)
}
func main() {
var manyType interface{}
manyType = 100
fmt.Println(manyType)
manyType = 200.50
fmt.Println(manyType)
manyType = "Germany"
fmt.Println(manyType)
printType("Go programming language")
var countries = []string{"india", "japan", "canada", "australia", "russia"}
printType(countries)
var employee = map[string]int{"Mark": 10, "Sandy": 20}
printType(employee)
country := [3]string{"Japan", "Australia", "Germany"}
printType(country)
}
The manyType variable is declared to be of the type interface{} and it is able to be assigned values of different types. The printType() function takes a parameter of the type interface{}, hence this function can take the values of any valid type.
Output
100
200.5
Germany
Go programming language
[india japan canada australia russia]
map[Mark:10 Sandy:20]
[Japan Australia Germany]
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the ability to write code that can take on different behavior through the implementation of types.
We have the declaration of a structs named Pentagon, Hexagon, Octagon and Decagon with the implementation of the Geometry interface.
Example
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
// Geometry is an interface that defines Geometrical Calculation
type Geometry interface {
Edges() int
}
// Pentagon defines a geometrical object
type Pentagon struct{}
// Hexagon defines a geometrical object
type Hexagon struct{}
// Octagon defines a geometrical object
type Octagon struct{}
// Decagon defines a geometrical object
type Decagon struct{}
// Edges implements the Geometry interface
func (p Pentagon) Edges() int { return 5 }
// Edges implements the Geometry interface
func (h Hexagon) Edges() int { return 6 }
// Edges implements the Geometry interface
func (o Octagon) Edges() int { return 8 }
// Edges implements the Geometry interface
func (d Decagon) Edges() int { return 10 }
// Parameter calculate parameter of object
func Parameter(geo Geometry, value int) int {
num := geo.Edges()
calculation := num * value
return calculation
}
// main is the entry point for the application.
func main() {
p := new(Pentagon)
h := new(Hexagon)
o := new(Octagon)
d := new(Decagon)
g := [...]Geometry{p, h, o, d}
for _, i := range g {
fmt.Println(Parameter(i, 5))
}
}
Output
25
30
40
50
We have our polymorphic Edges functions that accepts values that implement the Geometry interface. Using polymorphic approach the method created here Parameter is used by each concrete type value that's passed in.
Interface Embedding
Interfaces may embed other interfaces, this behavior is an aspect of interface polymorphism which is known as ad hoc polymorphism.
Example
package main
import "fmt"
type Geometry interface {
Edges() int
}
type Polygons interface {
Geometry // Interface embedding another interface
}
type Pentagon int
type Hexagon int
type Octagon int
type Decagon int
func (p Pentagon) Edges() int { return 5 }
func (h Hexagon) Edges() int { return 6 }
func (o Octagon) Edges() int { return 8 }
func (d Decagon) Edges() int { return 10 }
func main() {
p := new(Pentagon)
h := new(Hexagon)
o := new(Octagon)
d := new(Decagon)
polygons := [...]Polygons{p, h, o, d}
for i := range polygons {
fmt.Println(polygons[i].Edges())
}
}
When one type is embedded into another type, the methods of the embedded type are available to the embedding type. The method or methods of the embedded interface are accessible to the embedding interface. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Obtrusive Wife
The Obtrusive Wife (Persian: Hamsare mozahem) is a 1953 Iranian comedy film directed by Serge Azaryan and Hassan Kheradmand and starring Sadegh Bahrami. The second production of Diana Film, It was released on March 20, 1953, at the Cinema Diana after six months of production. Like most films of the era, it was produced on 35 mm black and white film | WIKI |
PDF of Radiation 0810
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are increasingly widely used external irradiation modalities for cancer treatment. They represent rapidly developing treatments that precisely and noninvasively target narrow radiation beams from different angles to maximize radiation dose to tumor tissue while minimizing the dose to healthy tissues in the beam paths.
Both SRS and SBRT are devised to deliver higher radiation doses to smaller radiation fields around solid tumors, allowing delivery of complete therapeutic doses in fewer sessions than is possible with other, less precisely targeted (and therefore more fractionated) radiotherapy techniques. Fractionation involves breaking up the total therapeutic dose of radiation over a series of treatment sessions to minimize non-target tissue irradiation and to allow healthy, incidentally-irradiated tissue time to recover between dose fractions. Delivering the total therapeutic radiation dose over a shorter period of time helps reduce the risk of tumor cells developing resistance to radiation damage, although tumor radioresistance remains a leading cause of radiosurgical failure.1
Continue Reading
Three SRS and SBRT technologies are in use: particle beam proton SRS; cobalt 60 (Gamma Knife) SRS and linear accelerator based (linac) SRS.2 Gamma Knife and linac units are widely available across the United States.2
SRS delivers one or two high-dose radiation exposures to small tumors(3.0 cm or smaller) using patient positioning techniques and increasingly sophisticated image guidance systems to ensure precise radiation targeting of tumor tissue. Because of the critically important role of image guidance and the importance of avoiding nontarget irradiation, SRS is used only with tumors that have well-defined margins, such as primary or metastatic spinal tumors or brain tumors—particularly astrocytomas and noninfiltrating gliomas, the latter being the most common primary brain tumors.2-6 SRS is widely used for the treatment of brain and spinal tumors that would be too dangerous to treat with traditional surgical resection. SRS is also used to treat benign brain tumors that are potentially life-threatening, such as benign meningiomas, pituitary tumors, pineal tumors, and acoustic neuromas, as well as non-cancer-related functional disorders like Parkinson’s tremor and multiple sclerosis.2,7
When SRS involves more than one dose, it is sometimes referred to as stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). SRT is distinguished from SRS by multiple treatment doses and is typically employed against larger tumors, whereas SRS is ideally employed against small, well-defined tumors.
SRS can be used on patients who have previously undergone whole brain radiation. Because SRS minimizes the irradiation of nontarget tissue, the cognitive impacts of treatment have long been argued to be less pronounced than those reported for whole-brain irradiation, leading some authors to argue that SRS should be preferentially used as a first-line treatment for brain tumors.1 However, a recent systematic review of 16 studies published between 2002 and 2007 raises doubts about this logical assumption; the authors found that SRS plus whole-brain radiotherapy provided better local control of metastatic brain tumors—and, counterintuitively, neurologic function—than either treatment modality alone.4
SBRT, also commonly known by the brand name CyberKnife, refers to radiotherapy technique similar to SRS but targeting tissues outside the brain and spine. SBRT is currently used primarily to treat small, isolated tumors in the liver and lungs, and more recently, thanks to image guidance motion compensation, the urinary bladder.3,8 Because lung, bladder, and other body tissues tend to move with normal patient respiration and other bodily functions, computer image tracking is used to compensate or correct for target motion during irradiation. Nevertheless, targeting cannot yet be as precise as is the case with SRS, and total radiation dose is therefore fractionated so that SBRT is delivered in a series of at least two doses.3
Both SRS and SBRT rely on three-dimensional (3-D) targeting and pretreatment imaging with diagnostic imaging modalities, typically CT and MRI, to identify target tissue margins and anatomic landmarks. Computer-based stereotactic planning systems build a 3-D atlas of the tumor and surrounding, healthy organ tissue.
PATIENT POSITIONING AND LANDMARKS
Patient positioning and fixation remain important, but image-guided strategies are increasingly sophisticated. Traditionally, patient-positioning devices such as head clamps are used to fix the target organ (eg, the brain) into position. SRT and SBRT involve using masks or frames rather than the surgically fixed frame attached by pins to the skull that is used for SRS. Frameless imaging-guided thermoplastic masks are used instead of frames more often.9
Anatomic landmarks are still widely used with SRS, based on diagnostic imaging-derived atlases. For SBRT, gold markers surgically implanted prior to therapy are used as landmarks.
SIDE EFFECTS
Radiation edema sometimes occurs as irradiated tumors become unable to regulate fluid homeostasis and is treated with corticosteroids.2 Radiation necrosis and tumor radioresistance are the leading causes of SRS failure; however, reliable predictions of which tumors will develop radioresistance are not yet possible.1 Brainstem SRS can cause radiation injury to healthy tissue because of the irregular shape of brainstem tumors; a recent study reported radiation injury in 4% of brainstem SRS patients.10 A case of optic neuritis was recently reported as a rare adverse effect of SRS for pituitary adenoma, manifesting as elevated serum prolactin and headaches.11
COMING ADVANCES
Targeting accuracy has improved over time and will continue to do so in the years to come, making SBRT an attractive cancer treatment option for an expanding number of organ systems. The intercorrelation of multiple imaging datasets allows for more precisely planned SRS and SBRT; and 4-D planning systems that will better allow for target changesover short periods, such as organ motion, and inter-treatment tumor volume reduction in SRT and SBRT treatments involving more than one radiation dose are in development.12 Integrated, high-speed imaging feedback and motion-compensation systems promise improved targeting. Radioprotectants (such as amifostine) and radiosensitizers—which make tumor tissue more vulnerable to radiation and surrounding healthy tissue less radiosensitive, thereby minimizing radiation injury to nontarget tissue—are also being developed.12 ONA
Bryant Furlow is a medical writer living in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
REFERENCES
1. Jagannathan J, Bourne TD, Schlesinger D, et al. Clinical and pathological characteristics of brain metastasis resected after failed radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2010;66(1):208-217.
2. International RadioSurgery Association (IRSA). Stereotactic radiosurgery overview. IRSA Web site. www.irsa.org/radiosurgery.html. Accessed August 2, 2010.
3. National Cancer Institute. Stereotactic radiosurgery. www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/radiation. Accessed August 2, 2010.
4. Müller-Riemenschneider F, Bockelbrink A, Ernst I, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases. Radiother Oncol. 2009;91(1):67-74.
5. Pollock BE. Stereotactic radiosurgery of benign intracranial tumors. J Neurooncol. 2009;92(3):337-343.
6. Fogh SE, Andrews DW, Glass J, et al. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy: an effective therapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(18):3048-3053.
7. Castinetti F, Régis J, Dufour H, Brue T; Medscape. Role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of pituitary adenomas. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(4):214-223.
8. Thariat J, Trimaud R, Angellier G, et al. Innovative image-guided CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy for bladder cancer. Br J Radiol. 2010;83(990):E118-E121.
9. Ramakrishna N, Rosca F, Friesen S, et al. A clinical comparison of patient setup and intra-fraction motion using frame-based radiosurgery versus a frameless image-guided radiosurgery system for intracranial lesions. Radiother Oncol. 2010;95(1):109-115.
10. Shipani S, Jain R, Shah K, et al. Clinical, dosi-metric, and radiographic correlation of radiation injury involving the brainstem and the medial temporal lobes following stereotactic radiotherapy for neoplasms of the central skull base. J Neurooncol. 2010;98(2):177-184.
11. Daniels TB, Pollock BE, Miller RC, et al. Radiation-induced optic neuritis after pituitary adenoma radiosurgery in a patient with multiple sclerosis: case report. J Neurooncol. 2009;93(2):263-267.
12. Ma L, Sneed PK. The future of radiosurgery and radiotherapy. In: Lozano AM, Gildenberg PL, Tasker RR, eds. Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2009:3143-3154. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Under Armour takes multipronged approach to tariff strategy
This story was originally published on Supply Chain Dive. To receive daily news and insights, subscribe to our free daily Supply Chain Dive newsletter.
Under Armour has been diversifying its global sourcing footprint as part of its multi-pronged approach to tariff mitigation, according to a May 13 earnings call.
The activewear brand currently sources 30% of its goods from Vietnam, 20% from Jordan and 15% from Indonesia, CFO David Bergman told analysts. The remaining third is split across several countries, each accounting for a low- to mid-single-digit percentage.
“This deliberate diversification creates a well-balanced portfolio, reducing reliance on any single market and enhancing our ability to navigate geopolitical, costs, and supply chain complexities from a position of strength,” he said.
Despite efforts to mitigate tariff impacts, Under Armour still faces significant exposure to U.S. duties.
In April, the Trump administration outlined plans for reciprocal tariffs on multiple countries, including a 46% duty on imports from Vietnam — Under Armour’s largest sourcing country. The U.S. has since then put a 90-day pause on reciprocal tariffs, but recently signaled plans to reinstate the duties in the upcoming weeks.
Some of the other strategies Under Armour is considering include cost-sharing initiatives with its key partners and targeted price adjustments, Bergman said.
As tariffs continue to sow demand uncertainty, the activewear brand has also been “pretty tight” with managing purchase orders, the CFO told analysts.
“We do expect that wherever demand ultimately develops through the year that we'll be able to manage inventory within a pretty tight range to that,” he said, adding that a lot of the inventory is “current.”
Other brands are also opting to leverage several contingency plans over a single one. Discount retailer Dollar Tree, for instance, outlined multiple ways it is planning to buffer the impact of tariffs, including negotiating supplier cost concessions and cutting non-economical items from its inventory.
Under Armour has made efforts to reassess its supply chain beyond tariffs to help improve speed and lower costs. For instance, the sportswear brand began an overhaul last year of its distribution and logistics operations with the intention of enhancing end-to-end planning capabilities.
The company has also made disciplined strides to reduce inventory and SKUs to help drive savings and is nearing its goal of 25% SKU reduction, President and CEO Kevin Plank told analysts.
This story was first published in our Procurement Weekly newsletter. Sign up here.
Recommended Reading
Under Armour seeks savings from streamlined supply chain strategy | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Decreased expression of p57(KIP2) mRNA in human bladder cancer
M. Oya, W. A. Schulz
研究成果: Article査読
49 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
To identify targets of genetic and epigenetic alterations on chromosome 11p15.5 in human bladder cancer, expression of the imprinted KIP2, IGF2 and H19 genes was studied by quantitative RT-PCR in 24 paired samples of urothelial carcinomas and morphologically normal mucosa obtained by cystectomy, and in bladder carcinoma cell lines. The most frequent alteration in tumour tissue was decreased expression of KIP2 identified in 9/24 (37%) specimens. Decreased IGF2 and H19 mRNA levels were found in five (21%) and three (13%) tumours, respectively. One tumour each overexpressed IGF2 and H19. Loss of H19 expression was only found associated with loss of KIP2 expression, whereas decreased expression of IGF2 mRNA occurred independently. Almost all bladder carcinoma cell lines showed significant changes in the expression of at least one gene with diminished expression of KIP2 mRNA as the most frequent alteration. IGF2 mRNA levels were diminished in several lines, but increased in others. The KIP2 gene could be an important target of genetic and epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer affecting the maternal chromosome 11p15.5. However, reminiscent of the situation in Wilms' tumours, expression of the IGF2 gene on the paternal chromosome can also be disturbed in bladder cancers. (C) 2000 Cancer Research Campaign.
本文言語English
ページ（範囲）626-631
ページ数6
ジャーナルBritish Journal of Cancer
83
5
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2000
外部発表はい
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• 腫瘍学
• 癌研究
フィンガープリント
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引用スタイル | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wally Lamb
Wally Lamb (born October 17, 1950) is an American author known as the writer of the novels She's Come Undone and I Know This Much Is True, both of which were selected for Oprah's Book Club. He was the director of the Writing Center at Norwich Free Academy in Norwich from 1989 to 1998 and has taught Creative Writing in the English Department at the University of Connecticut.
Early life
Lamb was born to a working class Italian-American Catholic family in Norwich, Connecticut. His father Walter was superintendent of the Gas Department of Norwich, Department of Public Utilities while his mother Anna was a homemaker. Three Rivers, the fictional town where several of his novels are set, is based on Norwich and the nearby towns of New London, Willimantic, in Connecticut as well as Westerly, Rhode Island. As a child, Lamb loved to draw and create his own comic books—activities which, he says, gave him "a leg up" on the imagery and colloquial dialogue that characterize his stories. He credits his ability to write in female voices, as well as male, with having grown up with older sisters in a neighborhood largely populated by girls.
After graduating from high school, Lamb studied at the University of Connecticut during the turbulent early 1970s era of anti-war and civil rights protests and student strikes. He holds a B.A. and an M.A. in Education from the University of Connecticut and a Master of Fine Arts in Writing from Vermont College.
Writing
Lamb began writing in 1981, the year he became a father. Lamb's first published stories were short fictions that appeared in Northeast, a Sunday magazine of the Hartford Courant. "Astronauts," published in The Missouri Review in 1989, won the Missouri Review William Peden Prize and became widely anthologized. His first novel, She's Come Undone, was followed six years later by I Know This Much Is True, a story about identical twin brothers, one of whom develops paranoid schizophrenia. Both novels became number one bestsellers after Oprah Winfrey selected them for her popular Book Club.
Lamb's third novel, The Hour I First Believed, published in 2008, interfaces fiction with such non-fictional events as the Columbine High School shooting, the Iraq War, and, in a story within the story, events of nineteenth-century America. Published the following year, Wishin' and Hopin' was a departure for Lamb: a short, comically nostalgic novel about a parochial school fifth grader, set in 1964. In We Are Water, Lamb returns to his familiar setting of Three Rivers. The novel focuses on art, 1950s-era racial strife, and the impact of a devastating flood on a Connecticut family. His seventh novel, I'll Take You There, revives characters from Wishin' and Hopin' and considers themes of millennial-era popular culture contrasted with figures from the silent film era and the 1950s Miss Rheingold contest.
Teaching
For 25 years, Lamb taught English and writing at the Norwich Free Academy, a regional high school that was his alma mater. In his last years at the school, Lamb designed and implemented the school's Writing Center, where he instructed students in writing across the disciplines. As a result of his work for this program, he was chosen the Norwich Free Academy's first Teacher of the Year and later was named a finalist for the honor of Connecticut Teacher of the Year (1989). From 1997 to 1999, Lamb was an Associate Professor in the English Department at the University of Connecticut. As the school's Director of Creative Writing, he originated a student-staffed literary and arts magazine, The Long River Review.
Prison work
From 1999 to 2019, Lamb facilitated a writing program for incarcerated women at the York Correctional Institute, Connecticut's only women's prison in Niantic, Connecticut. Lamb's writing program at York Prison produced two collections of his inmate students' autobiographical writing, Couldn't Keep It to Myself: Testimonies from Our Imprisoned Sisters and I'll Fly Away: Further Testimonies from the Women of York Prison, both of which Lamb edited. A third collection, titled You Don't Know Me: Incarcerated Women Voice Their Truths, was slated for publication in October 2019 but never released.
The publication of the first book became a source of controversy and media attention when, a week before its release, the State of Connecticut unexpectedly sued its incarcerated contributors—not for the six thousand dollars each writer would collect after her release from prison but for the entire cost of her incarceration, calculated at $117 per day times the number of days in her prison sentence. When one of the writers won a PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, given to a writer whose freedom of speech is under attack, the prison destroyed the women's writing and moved to close down Lamb's program. These actions caught the interest of the television show 60 Minutes, and shortly before the show aired an episode about the controversy, the State of Connecticut settled the lawsuit and reinstated the program.
Influences
Lamb says he is influenced by masters of long- and short-form fiction, among them John Updike, Flannery O'Connor, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Willa Cather, Edith Wharton, Raymond Carver, and Andre Dubus. He credits his perennial teaching of certain novels to high school students with teaching him about "the scaffolding" of longer stories. Among these, Lamb lists Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. He says Joseph Campbell's The Hero with a Thousand Faces and other anthropological analyses of the commonalities of ancient myths from diverse world cultures helped him to figure out the ways in which stories, ancient and modern, can illuminate the human condition. Lamb has also stated that he is influenced by pop culture and artists who work in other media. Among these he mentions painters Edward Hopper and René Magritte.
Honors and awards
Lamb's writing awards include grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts, the Connecticut Center for the Book's Lifetime Achievement Award, selections by Oprah's Book Club and Germany's Bertelsmann Book Club, the Pushcart Prize, the New England Book Award for Fiction, and New York Times Notable Books of the Year listings. She's Come Undone was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times's Best First Novel Award and one of People magazine's Top Ten Books of the Year. I Know This Much Is True won the Friends of Libraries Readers' Choice Award for best novel of 1998 and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill's Kenneth Johnson Award for its anti-stigmatizing of mental illness.
Teaching awards for Lamb include a national Apple Computers "Thanks to Teachers" Excellence Award and the Barnes & Noble "Writers Helping Writers" Award for his work with incarcerated women. Lamb has received Honorary Doctoral Degrees from several colleges and universities and was awarded Distinguished Alumni awards from Vermont College of Fine Arts and the University of Connecticut.
Personal life
Lamb is married and has three sons. He lives in Norwich, Connecticut.
Fiction
* She's Come Undone (1992)
* I Know This Much Is True (1998)
* The Hour I First Believed (2008)
* Wishin' and Hopin': A Christmas Story (2009) - Made into the 2014 Lifetime film Wishin' and Hopin'
* We Are Water (2013)
* I'll Take You There (2016)
Non-fiction
* Couldn't Keep It To Myself: Testimonies from Our Imprisoned Sisters (2003)
* I'll Fly Away: Further Testimonies from the Women of York Prison (2007) | WIKI |
-- Ugandan Coffee Exports Climb to Season High on Stock Releases
Coffee exports from Uganda , Africa’s
biggest exporter of the beans, in July climbed to the highest
level this season as farmers released stocks to cash in on
improved prices, the Uganda Coffee Development Authority said. Shipments reached 307,921 60-kilogram (132-pound) bags,
surpassing an earlier season’s best of 275,057 bags in June, an
official at the authority said today by e-mail from Kampala, the
capital. Exports beat an earlier forecast of 280,000 bags,
though they were 18 percent lower than 376,173 bags a year
earlier, the official said. Robusta coffee for September deliver climbed 4.8 percent to
$2,237 a ton in London last month. Robusta beans, used in
espressos and instant drinks, account for about 85 percent of
Ugandan production, according to the authority. The country may export as many as 3.2 million bags in the
2011-12 season that began on Oct. 1 and runs through September,
according to the authority. That compares with a forecast of 2.8
million to 2.9 million given by National Union of Coffee
Agribusinesses and Farm Enterprises on May 8. Shipments from October through July, the 10th month of the
season, dropped to 2.32 million bags, from 2.50 million bags a
year earlier, according to a tally of the authority’s figures by
Bloomberg. The nation exported 3.15 million bags worth $448.9
million in 2010-11, according to the authority. The European Union, Sudan, the U.S., India, Morocco ,
Ecuador , Switzerland, Japan and South Africa are among the
biggest importers of Uganda’s coffee, the agency says. Uganda
consumes about 3 percent of its annual crop, according to the
Eastern Africa Fine Coffee Association. To contact the reporter on this story:
Fred Ojambo in Kampala at
fojambo@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Paul Richardson at
pmrichardson@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Postmanw/Sandbox
FROM FRAMED BIOGRAPHY AND PHOTOGRAPH HANGING IN DR. NADINE MARTIN'S LAB:
Dr. Eleanor M. Saffran (1938-2002) was one of the pioneers of Cognitive Neuropsychology with a career spanning some 35 years. Her interest in Neuropsychology began at Johns Hopkins University’s Baltimore City hospitals. At that time, her research unit was one of just a handful around the world in which neurological patients with language or cognitive impairments were being studied from the vantage point of cognitive psychology. In papers published between 1976 and 1982, Eleanor spelled out the methodological tenets of “cognitive neuropsychology” exemplified in her studies of aphasia, acquired dyslexia, word deafness, and short-term memory impairment. These seminal papers are among the most widely cited in the field today.
In 1980, Eleanor joined the Neurology Department of Temple University and established the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience. Here she built an interdisciplinary research group composed of neurologists, psychologists, and speech-language pathologists. Under her leadership, this group extended the cognitive neuropsychological approach to the analysis of neurological disorders of perception, visual attention, and semantics. These years also marked the continuation of her longstanding collaboration with Myrna Schwartz of Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, which began in Baltimore in 1975. An innovative aspect of their research was its emphasis on application of language theory to diagnosis and treatment of language disorders. This model was embraced by other researchers of language and remains a standard approach in aphasia research today. As the field of cognitive neuropsychology matured, Eleanor became recognized as one of its most influential practitioners. In 1989, her grant on the psycholinguistic analysis of language disorders was awarded the Claude Pepper Award of Excellence by the National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders.
In 1991, Eleanor was appointed as Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at Temple University. In this position, she generously shared her extensive knowledge and great interest in language and cognition with her students, the next generation of speech-language pathologists and cognitive neuropsychologists. So great was Eleanor’s devotion to the students and faculty in Communication Sciences that she insisted on teaching her courses even after progression of a degenerative condition had weakened her speaking voice and use of her hands. In addition, her extraordinary contributions to research were recognized posthumously when she was awarded the Temple University Faculty Research Award for excellence in research in 2003.
Eleanor was an inspiration to all who knew her. She was an exemplary scholar, leaving an extraordinary legacy of contributions to the field of cognitive neuropsychology. She will always be remembered for these accomplishments, but also for her kindness and generosity to her friends, colleagues and students.
REFERENCES
Behrmann M, Patterson K. (Eds.) (2006) Words and Things: Cognitive Neuropsychological Studies in Tribute to Eleanor M. Saffran. Psychology Press.
Saffran EM, Coslett HB, Keener MT. (2003) Differences in word associations to pictures and words. Neuropsychologia. 41:1541-6.
Martin, N, Saffran EM. (2002) The relationship of input and output phonology in single word processing: Evidence from aphasia. Aphasiology, 16, 107-150.
Saffran EM. (2000) Aphasia and the relationship of language and brain. Seminars in Neurology. 20:409-18. Review.
Saffran EM. (2000) The organization of semantic memory: in support of a distributed model. Brain and Language, 71:204-12.
Saffran EM, Schwartz MF, Linebarger MC. (1998) Semantic influences on thematic role assignment: evidence from normals and aphasics. Brain and Language, 62:255-97.
Martin N, Saffran EM. (1997) Language and auditory-verbal short-term memory impairments: Evidence for common underlying processes. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14:641–682.
Dell GS, Schwartz MF, Martin N, Saffran EM, Gagnon DA. (1997) Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. Psychological Review, 104:801-38.
Saffran EM, Schwartz MF. (1994) Impairment of sentence comprehension. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 346:47-53. Review.
Saffran EM, Berndt RS, Schwartz MF. (1989) The quantitative analysis of agrammatic production: procedure and data. Brain and Language. 37:440-79.
Linebarger MC, Schwartz MF, Saffran EM. (1983) Sensitivity to grammatical structure in so-called agrammatic aphasics. Cognition, 13:361-92.
Saffran EM, Schwartz MF, Marin OS. (1980) The word order problem in agrammatism. I. Comprehension. Brain and Language, 10:249-62.
Saffran EM, Schwartz MF, Marin OS. (1980) The word order problem in agrammatism. II. Production. Brain and Language. 10:263-80.
Saffran EM, Marin OS, Yeni-Komshian GH. (1976) An analysis of speech perception in word deafness. Brain and Language, 3:209-28. | WIKI |
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
loldenburg
Silver Contributor
Silver Contributor loldenburg
I know we can stop a certain tag from firing by scoping an Extension to Tag X and have this Extension return false.
But how do we do this for ALL Tags?
The use case is:
A client's website keeps firing utag.view Events at some points where those should not be fired. Waiting for the release to fix this will take months. We send those Events to all kinds of tools.
We can identify the false events easily (they are Cart View Events even though the user is not in the Cart), but how can we tell Tealium "stop execution for all Tags" in an All Tags Extension? Returning false in an All Tags Extension does not abort execution for All Tags like it does when it is scoped to a certain tag.
So in short: We COULD create an Extension like that and scope it to all tags manually by adding in all the tags in question, but that seems like a waste of code (the extension code is then duplicated for all those tags) and it is also less sustainable as new tags would not be part of the Extension and we would have to think about adding them each time we create a new tag.
There must be something more elegant.
8 REPLIES 8
Highlighted
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
Tealium Expert
Tealium Expert
My suggestion here:
https://community.tealiumiq.com/t5/Tealium-iQ-Tag-Management/Hard-coded-UID-value-in-utag-view-call-...
Would work for this.. You could put a wrapper around utag.view, effectively replacing the function, and then conditionally abort it (i.e. fail to call utag.track) if the conditions for "do not send" were met.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
loldenburg
Silver Contributor
Silver Contributor loldenburg
That's slick, thanks a lot! However, that is quite a brutal method to override standard Tealium functionality for this simple purpose I have in mind. Tealium Developers of the future may hate me for such a hack... So I will look out for something less invasive.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
Anonymous
Not applicable
Anonymous
Hi @loldenburg
I had a similar situation only from the Tealium SDK in Android App. We kept getting double server calls where one is "utag.view/link" and the other is "remote_api". These extra calls are for the Tealium TagBridge and unless you need them should be ignored. No tag was firing based on this call but it did pass through all our code and in some cases causing extra increase to counters since two server calls contains the variableX++ and so on.
The solution here is similar to what you want to achieve for a tag scoped extension where you can return false. More or less it looks at the call and determines if it should be used or thrown. Here is the code I am using:
if(typeof(window.oldTrack) != 'function') {
window.utag = window.utag || {};
utag.oldTrack = utag.track;
utag.track = function(a, b) {
if (a == "remote_api") {
return;
} else {
utag.oldTrack(a, b);
}
}
}
Test it thouroughly before using to make sure it isn't causing anything unexpected. Even though my setup is for App, I expect it should be possible to use on a web setup as well.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
loldenburg
Silver Contributor
Silver Contributor loldenburg
thanks @Anonymous, this is great feedback. I still would like a solution that does not require overriding native Tealium functions, but it seems this is the only way to do it.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
harm_te_molder
Bronze Contributor
Bronze Contributor harm_te_molder
I'm trying to achieve this same behavior. In my case it's blocking utag.view calls when widget_name is in the list supportiveWidgets:
(function blockSupportiveWidgets(a, b) {
if (
a === "view" &&
((b.state_name != null && b.state_name === "init:state") ||
(b.event_name != null && b.event_name === "init:state"))
) {
var supportiveWidgets = ["chat-client-nl-widget-ec"];
if (
b.widget_name != null &&
supportiveWidgets.indexOf(b.widget_name) > -1
) {
utag.DB(
"blockSupportiveWidgets - utag."
.concat(a, " call from ")
.concat(
b.widget_name,
" blocked because it's in the list of supportive widgets ("
)
.concat(supportiveWidgets.join(), ")")
);
utag.loader.cfgsort = [];
}
}
})(a, b);
Setting utag.loader.cfgsort to an empty array seems to do the trick, but I'm still testing before it's production-ready. Will let you know how that goes.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
loldenburg
Silver Contributor
Silver Contributor loldenburg
Hmmm that's fascinating, but it looks like a rather brutal hack, and having TMS code that relies on Babel or other libraries is also not recommended, it makes the code slower and you never know where that code may end up (e.g. on a website without Babel support). Trusting on Babel alone often still does not suffice for IE11.
So I on the one hand appreciate your development skills, but I would not advocate such a solution for a sustainable, big-company-type Tealium implementation.
Tealium should offer their native function for that. Everything else I have seen here so far are hacks which may sooner or later fall on our heads.
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
harm_te_molder
Bronze Contributor
Bronze Contributor harm_te_molder
I ended up using a tag-scoped extension that returns false, as @loldenburg mentioned in his original post, which I'll paste here for reference:
function duplicatePageViewHack(b) {
var sendPageView = true;
var cooldownSeconds = 2;
var currentPageView = {
"dom.pathname": b["dom.pathname"],
tealium_timestamp_epoch: b.tealium_timestamp_epoch
};
/* Make sure no pageviews are sent from this list of widgets */
if (
b.widget_name != null &&
[
"chat-client-nl-widget-ec",
"personal-contact-info-widget-sc",
"content-widget-mijn-abnamro",
"content-widget-my-abnamro",
"chat-client-nl-widget-wpp",
"content-widget-my-abnamro-business"
].indexOf(b.widget_name) > -1
) {
sendPageView = false;
utag.DB(
'duplicatePageViewHack: No Adobe Analytics page view because widget_name "'.concat(
b.widget_name,
'" is on the blacklist'
)
);
} else if (sessionStorage.tealium_last_pageview != null) {
/* Make sure no pageviews are sent during the cooldown period following a pageview from the same page */
var lastPageView = JSON.parse(
sessionStorage.getItem("tealium_last_pageview")
);
if (
lastPageView["dom.pathname"] === currentPageView["dom.pathname"] &&
currentPageView.tealium_timestamp_epoch -
lastPageView.tealium_timestamp_epoch <
cooldownSeconds
) {
sendPageView = false;
utag.DB(
"duplicatePageViewHack: No Adobe Analytics page view because the previous page view from this page was less than ".concat(
cooldownSeconds,
" seconds ago"
)
);
}
}
if (sendPageView) {
sessionStorage.setItem(
"tealium_last_pageview",
JSON.stringify(currentPageView)
);
}
return sendPageView;
}
return duplicatePageViewHack(b);
How to stop Tealium within an All Tags Extensions if I want to abort a utag.view or .link Event?
harm_te_molder
Bronze Contributor
Bronze Contributor harm_te_molder
I agree that this is functionality that Tealium should provide, but in case anyone wants to try this brutal hack, I've run it through Babel myself and pasted the result here. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
If You Leave
If you leave may refer to:
* "If You Leave", episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation (season 6)
* If You Leave (Daughter album)
* If You Leave... (Eleanor McEvoy album) 2013
* "If You Leave" (song), by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
* "If You Leave", song by Train from Train (album) | WIKI |
Effect of insulin-induced and fasting hypoglycemia on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
Jerome Y. Yager, Daniel F. Heitjan, Javad Towfighi, Robert C. Vannucci
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
111 Scopus citations
Abstract
Experiments in adult animals have indicated that hyperglycemia accentuates whereas hypoglycemia ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. To determine whether hypoglycemia is protective or deleterious to the perinatal brain subjected to hypoxia-ischemia, 7-d postnatal rats were rendered hypoglycemic either by receiving an s.c. injection of insulin or fasting for 12 h. All rat pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% oxygen-balance nitrogen at 37°C for 2 h. Control animals (no insulin or fasting) received s.c. injections of normal saline. Mean blood glucose concentrations were 5.4 ± 0.1, 4.3 ± 0.2, and 3.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L for control, insulin, and fasted animals, respectively. Blood f)-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were identical (0.5 ± 0.1 mmol/L) for control and insulin-treated animals, but more than doubled in concentration in the fasted animals (p < 0.001). Mortality rates during hypoxia-ischemia were higher in the insulin-treated animals (30%) than in either the fasted (4%) or control (07c) animals (p < 0.05). Fasted animals showed a significant reduction in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage as compared with either the insulin-treated or control animals. Insulin-treated animals were not significantly different from controls. The findings indicate that 1) insulin induced hypoglycemia does not provide a protective effect on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, as in adults; and 2) fasting adequate to produce hypoglycemia and ketonemia improved neuropathologic outcome.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)138-142
Number of pages5
JournalPediatric Research
Volume31
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1992
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Effect of insulin-induced and fasting hypoglycemia on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Vol 8.djvu/41
29 wealth and I fear lest it go from me.’ Quoth the Jew, ‘Wilt thou be my partner, and I will be thine and a true friend and comrade to thee at home and abroad, and I will teach thee to sell and buy and give and take?’ And Mesrour said, ‘With all my heart.’
So the merchant carried him to his house and seated him in the vestibule, whilst he went in to his wife and said to her, ‘I have taken me a partner and have bidden him hither as a guest; so do thou prepare us a handsome entertainment.’ When she heard this, she rejoiced, doubting not but this was Mesrour, and made ready a magnificent banquet, of her joy in the success of her device. Then said her husband to her, ‘Come out with me to him and bid him welcome and say, “Thou gladdenest us [with thy company].”’ But she made a show of anger, saying, ‘Wilt thou have me discover myself to a strange man? God forbid! Though thou cut me in pieces, I will not appear before him!’ ‘Why shouldst thou be abashed at him,’ rejoined he, ‘seeing that he is a Nazarene and we are Jews and we are become associates, he and I?’ Quoth she, ‘It liketh me not to present myself before a strange man, on whom I have never set eyes and whom I know not.’
He thought she spoke sooth and ceased not to importune her, till she rose and veiling herself, took the food and went out to Mesrour and bade him welcome; whereupon he bowed his head, as he were ashamed, and the Jew, seeing this, said in himself, ‘Doubtless, this man is a devotee.’ They ate their fill and the table being removed, wine was set on. As for Zein el Mewasif, she sat over against her lover and gazed on him and he on her till ended day, when Mesrour went home, with a heart on fire and the Jew abode pondering the grace and goodliness of his new partner. As soon as it was night, his wife brought him the evening mealevening-meal [sic] and they sat down to eat. | WIKI |
Better way to update diagram after model change?
I am dynamically changing node and link model data and don’t see the diagram updating. I looked at the API for nodes, links, and models and don’t see anything to notify that the model has changed. I did find diagram.rebuildParts() and it works but wondering if that is doing too much work for what I need? If I have a large diagram I don’t know if that will cause performance problems.
Is there a better way to let the diagram know that just a node or link model data has changed?
Yes, rebuilding all Parts is almost always overkill.
Use Model.setDataProperty and maybe other methods such as addArrayItem.
Surround all that code with calls to startTransaction and commitTransaction.
Here is what I have to modify existing node data. The first time it gets called I get the console message below but it doesn’t work. Debugging I do see that the node’s data property has been changed but the diagram doesn’t update to reflect it.
GraphLinksModel.setDataProperty is modifying a GraphObject, “Node#1422(Node Name1n)” go-debug.js:28
Is that really your intent? go-debug.js:28
Now if I continue and call the same code a 2nd time I don’t get the message above AND the diagram updates correctly. Any idea on what is going on? Here is my code.
diagram.startTransaction(‘updateNode’);
nodeCt.buildNodeData();
node = diagram.findNodeForKey(modelForm.model.getId());
Ext.iterate(nodeCt.nodeData, function(key, value) {
diagram.model.setDataProperty(node, key, value);
}, me);
diagram.commitTransaction(‘updateNode’);
Is there a way to update all the data at once without having to iterate and call setDataProperty for each item?
There is a hard line between model data and diagram parts.
The Model holds model data which are normally plain JavaScript objects. Models have no knowledge of Diagrams or Nodes or Links. Naturally all model methods operate only on model data – plain JavaScript objects. That is why you are getting that warning. I think it’s a one-time warning, which is why you don’t see it again.
A Diagram holds Parts such as Nodes and Links, all composed of and inheriting from GraphObjects. (But Diagram is not a GraphObject.) These GraphObjects are rendered to the screen and can be manipulated by the user. But they are not part of any model. Typically you can get to the model data by getting the Part.data.
So the problem is that you are trying to modify GraphObjects using Model methods. I think you can just change the first argument to Model.setDataProperty from “node” to “node.data”.
Changing from node to node.data suppressed the message but the diagram is no longer updating. Debugging I see that node.data is being changed as before but the commit no longer updates the diagram.
FYI - I just switched from 1.3.3 to 1.3.4 before trying your suggestion.
What does nodeCt.buildNodeData() do? Does it replace any JavaScript object in Model.nodeDataArray? What is nodeCt.nodeData?
walter - that was the problem. nodeCt was referencing the same object as the model and once I had it make a new one each time it worked! Thx for your help. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cauliflower rice, zucchini noodles, and low-carb pizza crusts might seem appealing for weight loss. But carbohydrates and whole grains are an important aspect of nutrition, especially when you’re getting older. Often, these low-carb swaps are loaded up with animal fats and heavily processed. Before you deprive yourself of pasta or pizza, think about what you’re really swapping!
What does that mean for you? That the weight loss process naturally becomes harder as you get older...that's just a fact and accepting it means you can stop punishing yourself or feeling ashamed about your body. Instead of focusing on the negative, focus on the things you can control: Your workouts, activity levels, diet, stress management, sleep management and, most important, your attitude.
If you really want to go for weight loss, you're going to have to work at it and you're going to have to work harder than you did before, doing up to 350 minutes of exercise each week. We have to exercise more frequently and more vigorously to compensate for the typical weight gain associated with aging. There are some important points to consider if you go this route:
Skipping those salty snacks will put you on track for more weight loss in a hurry, no matter what your age. Research conducted at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine reveals that, contrary to popular belief, salt tends to make people hungry, not thirsty. Two groups on simulated missions to Mars were examined over the course of 105 and 205 days, respectively, with one group receiving saltier foods during the final weeks of their mock voyage. Researchers discovered that those given saltier foods actually drank less water than those on a low-salt diet, but complained of hunger more often. However, as expected, the saltier food did increase study participants’ water retention, meaning it can exacerbate the water retention and bloating issues associated with menopause, too. Salt isn’t the only habit making you heavy; the 37 Worst Breakfast Habits for Your Waistline could have you packing on the pounds with every passing year.
You already know to keep calories and fat in check, but you'll fan the flames of your metabolism by putting another nutrient on your radar: protein, the building block of lean muscle mass. Each time you eat a protein-rich food—say, a piece of fish or cheese—your body goes to work, breaking it down into smaller particles called amino acids. "The amino acids enter your bloodstream and are then absorbed by your muscle tissues and other cells," says Douglas Paddon-Jones, PhD, director of exercise studies at the University of Texas Medical Branch. "Once the amino acids end up in your muscles, your body starts putting them back together—sort of like Legos—into your muscle tissue." This is called muscle-protein synthesis, and it's the process your body uses to build and maintain muscle mass.
Hudgens doesn’t shy away from bacon. It’s all part of the High School Musical actress and singer’s keto diet plan, which she says helped her drop 20 lbs from of her 5-foot-2-inch-tall frame in 2017 (in addition to the twice-a-day SoulCycle sessions, that is). Her advice? She told People News in April 2017 that it’s best to view food as fuel. She advises eating the things that give you long-lasting energy, and don’t stress about counting calories.
best ways to lose belly fat female
Heading backstage at the annual Victoria's Secret fashion show can be an intimidating experience—but it also leaves a lot of opportunity to pick up on some really stellar beauty tips. Case in point: Ab-tastic Josephine Skriver revealed to Fashionista that her favorite de-bloating method is simply to drink a mugful of hot water first thing in the morning and then again before bed. "It really helps clean me out, and it's cleared up my skin a lot," she said. "Think about cleaning your drain at home—if you do it with normal water, nothing really happens, but with hot water, it clears out the whole thing."
This diet’s extreme and can only be done for a short period of time — but it certainly promotes weight loss. E! News reports to start, you must create a cocktail consisting of lemon juice, cayenne pepper, maple syrup, and water — and that’s the bulk of what you’re consuming for 10 days. It was also promoted as having the ability to “detox” your system, though nutritionists have since debunked this.
how to dress over 40 and overweight
Eat more protein. Sarcopenia, or loss of muscle due to age, has been seen as inevitable, but a great deal of its severity is dictated by diet and exercise. Protein can help! One study found that men and women between ages 70 and 79 who ate the most protein lost 40 percent less lean mass than those who ate the least protein. Muscle burns more calories, increases your insulin sensitivity, and keeps your testosterone production higher so that you can help stave off age-related health conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and loss of libido.
Absolutely agree. I’m coming up to 64 years old and have managed to loose weight, gain lean muscle and strength by a combination of healthy eating and regular vigorous exercise. I prefer to do my gym sessions in a functional gym where I can combine HIIT training with some basic weight training and strength exercises such as prowler pushing, battle rope exercises or tyre flips. Over the past 6 months I’ve seen an amazing change in my body shape and I’m now maintaining a healthy weight and body mass index as I shed fat and gain lean muscle. The key to success is to enjoy a varied training schedule and not get stuck into repeating the same exercises every session.
weight loss after 50 before and after
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chip White
Alan White (21 December 1946 – 5 August 2020), known as Chip White, was an American jazz drummer who has performed and/or recorded with a variety of artists, including Carmen McRae, Jaki Byard, the Jazzmobile CETA Big Band, Candido, John Abercrombie, Frank Wess, and many others.
White died on August 5, 2020, in Harlem, New York City.
Early life
White was born on December 21, 1946, in New York City to Algernon White and Norma White. He began studying percussion and music with his father at the age of nine and studied theory and harmony with Vincent Corzine while in high school. White then continued his formal education at Ithaca College and later at the Berklee School of Music in Boston, MA, where he studied with Alan Dawson, Charlie Marino, and Herb Pomeroy. He also studied privately with Freddie Buda of the Boston Symphony. Later, he studied orchestration and arranging with Frank Foster.
Discography
Source:
* Harlem Sunset (Postcards, 1994)
* Music and Lyrics (Dark Colors, 2004)
* Double Dedication (Dark Colors, 2008)
* More Dedications (Dark Colors, 2009)
* Personal Dedications & Percussive Tributes (Dark Colors, 2011)
* Family Dedications and More (Dark Colors, 2014)
As sideman
With Teddy Edwards With Etta Jones With Houston Person With Enrico Rava With Irene Reid With Tom Waits
* Midnight Creeper (HighNote, 1997)
* Ladies Man (HighNote, 2000)
* Smooth Sailing (HighNote, 2001 [2003])
* Easy Living (HighNote, 2000)
* The Way We Were: Live in Concert (Highnote, 2000 [2011]) with Houston Person
* Etta Jones Sings Lady Day (HighNote, 2001)
* Christmas with Houston Person and Friends (Muse, 1994)
* In a Sentimental Mood (HighNote, 2000)
* Social Call (HighNote, 2003)
* To Etta with Love (HighNote, 2004)
* All Soul (HighNote, 2005)
* Il Giro Del Giorno in 80 Mondi (International, 1972)
* One Monkey Don't Stop No Show (Savant, 2002)
* Blue Valentine (Asylum, 1978) | WIKI |
Talk:Iodic acid
Untitled
Dear Sirs,
I do not think, that links to extern chemical suppliers with "datasheets" and commercial informations are helpful to develop a scientific encyclopedia...
If one suppliers spreads his links everywhere, many others will follow developing wikipedia in a commercial link list.
Best regards
See User_talk:<IP_ADDRESS> --Dirk Beetstra 17:51, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
solubility?
The stub claims this compound is "insoluble," then gives a datasheet that seems to contradict this. Comparing with Chloric acid, HIO3 seems in fact to be MORE soluble. Any insights? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ZomBGolth (talk • contribs) 16:41, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
Is it a strong or weak acid?
Is it a strong or weak acid? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:59, 7 December 2009 (UTC)Wikibilgin
* From the article: "Iodic acid is a relatively strong acid with a pKa of 0.75. It is strongly oxidizing in acidic solution, less so in basic solution." Double sharp (talk) 07:29, 30 May 2014 (UTC)
Claimed beta polymorph
In case this comes up again in future, for the record the following reference has been removed from the article to comply with Reliable sources: The structure has been deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database as CSD entry 1579184 but a banner there says it doesn't meet the criteria for inclusion in the full database. The precise reason is not specified. --Ben (talk) 22:32, 7 June 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Branchini64/sandbox
Paolo Branchini [1] is an Italian physicist and lead researcher at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. He is active in high energy physics and astroparticle physics. | WIKI |
Alden Bridge
The Alden Bridge is a historic bridge in Alden, Iowa, which carries the town's Main Street over the Iowa River, United States. The concrete bridge is 150 ft long and consists of two spans. It was built in 1936 to replace an earlier wooden bridge that had begun to deteriorate. The Weldon Brothers Construction Company supervised the bridge's construction, while the Iowa State Highway Commission designed the structure; it was one of the first bridges designed by the ISHC, which used similar plans for many other bridges in the state. Labor for the construction effort came from the Works Progress Administration, providing jobs for many of Hardin County's unemployed residents. The bridge was dedicated on July 4, 1936, as part of Alden's Independence Day celebrations.
The Alden Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1998. | WIKI |
The MENDSII Study, Maximizing the Efficacy of Sedation and Reducing Neurological Dysfunction and Mortality in Septic Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure (MENDSII)
Investigator: Joshua Swan, MD
Study Coordinator: Joy Nolte Fong
Status: Open Not Enrolling
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01739933
Phone: 713.441.6314
Protocol Number: Pro00014947
Description
Ventilated ICU patients frequently have sepsis and the majority have delirium, a form of brain dysfunction that is an independent predictor of increased risk of dying, length of stay, costs, and prolonged cognitive impairment in survivors. Universally prescribed sedative medications—the GABA-ergic benzodiazepines—worsen this brain organ dysfunction. The available alternative sedation regimens, the shorter acting GABA-ergic propofol, and the alpha2 agonist, dexmedetomidine, have both been shown to be superior to benzodiazepines, and yet are different with regard to their effects on innate immunity, bacterial clearance, apoptosis, cognition and delirium. The MENDS II study will compare propofol and dexmedetomidine, and determine the best sedative medication to reduce delirium and improve survival and long-term brain function in our most vulnerable patients— the ventilated septic patient.
More to Explore | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
papillary
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to papillary: papillary tumor, papillary adenocarcinoma, papillary necrosis, papillary microcarcinoma
pap·il·lar·y
, papillate (pap'i-lār'ē, -i-lāt),
Relating to, resembling, or provided with papillae.
papillary
/pap·il·lary/ (pap´ĭ-lar″e) pertaining to or resembling a papilla, or nipple.
papillary
[pap′əle′rē]
Etymology: L, papilla, nipple
pertaining to a papilla.
papillary
adjective Referring to one or more papilla.
Pronunciation
Medspeak-UK: pronounced, pah PILL urry
Medspeak-US: pronounced, PAP ill erry
pap·il·lar·y
, papillate (pap'i-lar-ē, -i-lāt)
Relating to, resembling, or provided with papillae.
pap·il·lar·y
, papillate (pap'i-lar-ē, -i-lāt)
Relating to, resembling, or provided with papillae.
papillary,
adj similar to a small, nipple-shaped elevation or projection.
papillary layer,
n the most superior layer of the dermis. Characterized by papillae, fingerlike projections that interdigitate with the epidermis. Consists primarily of loose connective tissue.
papillary
pertaining to a papilla; having the characteristics of a papilla.
papillary duct
urine passes from the collecting tubules into the papillary ducts as the last section of the renal tubular system.
papillary necrosis
necrosis of the renal papilla. See also infectious pancreatic necrosis of fish.
papillary squirting
a feature of seborrheic dermatitis, zinc-responsive dermatoses; the superficial papillae are edematous and contain dilated vessels, the overlying epidermis is edematous and parakeratototic.
papillary sulcus
gustatory glands open into a sulcus in the mouth.
References in periodicals archive ?
Based on the lymph node findings, the patient was diagnosed with a metastatic adenocarcinoma with papillary architecture.
Clustering analysis of that data revealed that TCC is closely related to papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma versus Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Researchers used Caris Molecular Intelligence to evaluate 240 uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and 1,587 epithelial ovarian serous carcinoma (EOC-S) samples, and to compare the molecular profiles of the two cancer subtypes.
These tumors demonstrate characteristic histologic features consisting of solid and papillary cellular arrangements.
This type of papillary disease is associated with only a slightly increased risk of breast carcinoma (1.
Incidental carcinomas were carcinomas smaller than 1 cm in greatest dimension in which features of papillary carcinoma could not be identified on the preceding aspirate.
Real-time three dimension TEE demonstrating the accessory papillary muscle extending from the interventricular septum to the LVOT
Comment: In this study, increasing consumption of seaweed was associated with an increased incidence of thyroid cancer (especially papillary carcinoma) in postmenopausal Japanese women.
A diagnosis of mucinous ductal ectasia or an intraductal papillary mucinous tumour was suggested.
This time, it is its ability to help repair the UV damage-prone papillary dermis that has been demonstrated with a significant improvement corresponding to a gain in youth of 1. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The great quake of '08 | World news | The Guardian
Esther Addley Friday 29 February 2008 20.46 ESTLast modified on Tuesday 20 September 2016 10.30 EDT At 5.12am on April 18 1906, the reporter Fred Hewitt would later record, the hand of a vengeful God fell on his home city of San Francisco. The ground rose and fell like an ocean at ebb tide. Then came the crash ... To me it seemed like an eternity. I was thrown prone on my back and the pavement pulsated like a living thing. Around me the huge buildings, looking more terrible because of the queer dance they were performing, wobbled and veered. Crash followed crash and resounded on all sides. Screeches rent the air as terrified humanity streamed out into the open in agony of despair. They know just how he felt in Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, which at 12:56am on Wednesday attracted its own burst of the Almighty's ire. My husband said, 'What's that?' Joan, a shop assistant at China Choice on Queen Street recounted earlier this week. I said, 'It's a big lorry,' and rolled over. But he went out in his pyjamas and talked to the neighbours. He came back and said, 'I think you just slept through your first earthquake.' It was not just any tremor. The 5.2 magnitude quake, which struck the small market town, was the largest to shake Britain in a quarter of a century, releasing forces in excess of those unleashed by the Nagasaki atomic bomb. Its ripples were felt as far afield as Aberdeen, Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. But if God was enraged by northern California in 1906 (and evidently more than a little irked last week by David Bates, 19, whose pelvis was broken by falling masonry as he watched TV in Wombwell, south Yorkshire), he seems to have been barely put out by the folks of rural Lincolnshire. Several bricks were slightly dislodged in the chimney of the Gordon Arms, opposite Market Rasen's main square, and another a little further down the street was also left a bit wonky. Two small stone crosses pitched off the roof of St Thomas's church, damaging 20 or so slates. A handrail fell off the wall inside Walton's estate agents. China Choice, to Joan's amazement, escaped without one of its hundreds of ornaments being damaged, though a few doors up, in Market Rasen Pet Centre, Bridget Pitman did have some birdseed fall off the shelves, while her three parrots went totally berserk. Well it's not really the tsunami, is it? said Heather Tyson, smoking a cigarette out the back of her gift shop. You would understand it if there were chimney pots everywhere and the streets were full of debris and missing limbs and things. But really everything was very quickly back to normal, apart from all the news vans and helicopters and stuff. As disasters go, the Great Lincolnshire Earthquake of 2008, as it will doubtless never come to be called, was a very British catastrophe. (As it happens, the so-called Great English Earthquake in 1884 Colchester was significantly weaker). Awoken by Wednesday's quake, variously described as a low horrible grumble or a loud cracking bang, hundreds across Britain called their local police forces, just to make sure they knew about it. Many turned on the TV. But a great number, judging by an unscientific poll at its epicentre this week, grunted and went back to sleep. My wife said, 'Hey, what's that?' and woke me up, said Rex Saunby, pausing in his van for a cup of tea after replacing the tiles on the roof of St Thomas's. She went downstairs and said a picture had fallen off the TV. But that was it. Nick Patton, the clerk of the Market Rasen racecourse, said a few of his cupboard doors had swung open. In Portland Terrace in nearby Gainsborough, one of the most affected spots, Sharon Brooks said she initially thought the rumbling was an explosion. The house shook and then my daughter came in and said 'My hamster's upside down.' The earthquake had knocked over its cage. Earthquakes happen all the time in Britain - at least one every other day, on average - and some of them are even big enough to rattle teacups. A tremor in Kent last year measured 4.2 and led to five streets in Folkstone being evacuated. Manchester had a swarm of six quakes in the space of three weeks last August, the last measuring 2.4 (It felt like a patio door was being closed, said Gwen Graham, 51). A 5.0 boneshaker emanating from the junction of High Arcal Road and Himley Road in Dudley in 2002 prompted 12 people to walk into the local police station in their pyjamas. But though historically quakes have certainly made themselves felt in this country - early cathedrals at Lincoln, Wells, St Davids and Canterbury were all damaged or destroyed in the 12th to 14th centuries - British tremors have always been a more of a shiver than a shake. Even the largest recorded, a magnitude 6.1 centred on Dogger Bank off the North Sea coast in June 1931, caused no more than a few chimneys to collapse in Hull - though by the time they reached London the shockwaves still had enough force to knock the head off of the model of Dr Crippen at Madame Tussauds. The truth is that compared with much of the world, seismic activity in Britain is embarrassingly underwhelming. The US Geological Survey records 550 seismic occurrences within its borders each week, while Japan sits atop such a troubled seismic zone it regards major quakes as almost every day. It even had one yesterday, measuring 3.6, off the coast of Fukushima. The most recent major Japanese quake was in January 1995 when a 7.2-magnitude tremor that struck Kobe killing 6,500 people and destroying 250,000 homes. Because quake magnitude is a logarithmic rather than linear measurement, 7.2 is not, as it might appear, just a bit more intense than Market Rasen's 5.2. Each whole number increase on the scale represents a tremor 31 times more powerful than the last. The Sumatran quake that caused the 2004 tsunami, for instance, measured 9.3 but was almost 1 million times more powerful than Wednesday's Lincolnshire wobble. Though earthquakes have been recorded from the earliest times, our present understanding of them is in fact remarkably recent. The theory of plate tectonics, now widely accepted as explaining why the earth's crust behaves as it does, did not fully emerge until the late 1960s - the science of seismology was also aided by all the probes the superpowers had been developing to measure each other's nuclear tests. The theory identifies the Earth's crust as made up of a number of major plates that are continually moving, driven by heat originating deep within the planet's core. Where the plates meet, they may find themselves compressing together, pulling apart or slipping under one another. The massive friction forces these generate can give rise to quakes. This is why parts of the globe located on plate boundaries, such as the west coasts of the Americas, or the Pacific ring of fire, experience such severe quakes. And why Britain, which sits in the middle of the Eurasian plate well away from anywhere terribly seismically interesting, gets such feeble ones. Brian Baptie, a seismologist at the British Geological Survey, acknowledges that for those who monitor quakes, British tremors are not exactly earth-shattering. The work that we do in impact terms is much less significant than other places, he said. What we are doing is really trying to understand why we get earthquakes in the UK. Thanks to measurements gathered from as far afield as Canada and Alaska, the BGS has pinpointed Wednesday's focus at a spot 12.4 miles below ground. Since the Earth's crust under Britain averages only 18.6 miles in depth, he said, that's pretty deep. We're down in what's called the early Palaeozoic basement. These rocks are probably 300m to 400m years old. And the fault that caused the earthquake would be in those rocks. The problem for British scientists is that unlike more seismically adventurous parts of the world, it is pretty difficult to work out where the fault lines under Britain actually lie. Unlike the San Andreas fault on America's west coast, which has created several enormous fissures on the Earth's surface, the comparatively tiny cracks and weak spots at the centre of a plate are often very difficult to detect. There is the Great Glen fault, which runs through Loch Ness, and the Highland Boundary fault, also in Scotland. A fault system called the Variscan Front runs from south-east England towards Cornwall, and another known as the Church Stretton fault which runs roughly from Wales to the southeast. But Market Rasen sits on none of them. In this case, we just don't know, said Baptie. Whichever fault caused this earthquake, it doesn't have a name. It's just not mapped by geologists. Professor Lynne Frostick, the director of the Environmental Research Institute at University of Hull, said to think of the UK, or at least the plate on which it sits, as a great, stately galleon moving across the earth: As we are going up and down over the waves, the boards creak and groan against each other. As for predicting which of the boards will creak next, however, we have got lots and lots of faults beneath us. Which one will take up the stress? Who knows. Climate change might seem a more pressing concern for Britain than the risk of seismic disaster, yet Britain's future does hold the prospect of what one Gainsborough resident, yesterday called proper earthquakes. There is a change going on that will affect Britain, said Frostick, and that's in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden area. It is actually opening up into an ocean, at a rate of 2cm a year, and we are being gradually pushed away. If that really starts to open up then Africa will rotate, and will crash into Europe. And that will push us to the edge of a plate, where the real seismic activity is. Happily, that leaves the residents of Market Rasen a little time to straighten their chimneys first. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
SIGNS YOU MAY NEED A ROOT CANAL
SIGNS YOU MAY NEED A ROOT CANAL
Did the dentist near you suggest having a root canal? Sounds scary, right? Well don’t fear, as we will guide you about root canal procedure.
What is Root Canal?
The term “root canal” can refer to both the inner part (passages) of the tooth between the pulp and tooth roots, and to the dental procedure used to remove infected material and relieve root canal pain. The root canals contain nerves and blood vessels. According to the endodontist near CA, 92708 once an adult tooth has emerged from the gums, the tooth’s nerve doesn’t serve a specific purpose other than sensing heat, cold, and other stimuli. Removing a nerve in an infected tooth is part of a standard procedure to treat teeth pain caused by decay or infection in the tooth pulp.
Do I Need a Root Canal?
Endodontist near Fountain Valley says if you need a root canal, you may notice a few of these symptoms:
• Serious teeth pain when eating or when you put pressure on the area. Handling the dental pain that severe is very stressful.
• Teeth pain and sensitivity to hot and cold that lingers after the hot or cold stimuli have been removed
• A small, pimple-like bump on the gums near the area of teeth pain
• Tenderness or swelling in the gums near the area of teeth pain
Root Canal Therapy
If you identify with the symptoms above and you’ve realized a root canal may be what you need, you probably want to know what it involves.
A hole is created. This hole allows access to the inside of the tooth where all the stuff is located that’s causing so much pain. Then the pulp chamber is cleaned. It’s the space inside a tooth that contains canals. During a root canal, all of the contents of the canals are removed, making it impossible for the tooth to feel any pain. Now that the canals are empty, it’s necessary to fill them up. The canals are filled and the tooth most commonly gets a dental crown. These dental restorations help avoid future infection of the same tooth. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Johann Müller (Regiomontanus)
(Regiomontanus).
German astronomer, b. in or near Königsberg, a small town in lower Franconia (Dukedom of Coburg), 6 June, 1436; d. in Rome, 6 July, 1476. The name of the family agreed with the trade of the father who operated a mill. Regiomontanus signed himself Johannes de Monteregio, while in foreign countries he was known as Joannes Germanus or Francus. His calendars were published under various names, like Meister Hans von Kungsberg. About the age of twelve he was sent to Leipzig to study dialectics. In the university matriculations (published by Erler, 1895) his name is not registered. Hearing of the celebrated astronomer Peurbach (George of Peurbach in Upper Austria, 1423-61), Müller left Leipzig for Vienna, where he was matriculated in 1450 as Johannes Molitoris de Kunigsperg. In 1452 he received the baccalaureate and in 1457 the title Magister. Lectures of his at the university are recorded as follows: in 1458 on perspective, in 1460 on Euclid, in 1461 on Virgil's Bucolics. His master and friend Peurbach showed him how incorrect were the Alphonsine Tables and how false the Latin translations of the Greek astronomers from intermediate Arabic translations. Together they observed the planet Mars two degrees off the place assigned to it and a lunar eclipse over an hour late on the Tables. A new field opened to the two astronomers with the arrival in Vienna of the Greek scholar Cardinal Bessarion of Trebizond, then papal legate to the emperor, and his brother Sigismund, for the purpose of adjusting differences and uniting them against the Turks. Having changed to the Latin Rite, Bessarion mastered the Latin language like his own, and commenced translating Ptolemy directly from the Greek. On the other hand Peurbach was engaged in composing an epitome on Ptolemy's "Almagest". The double circumstance that neither of them was able to accomplish his task, the one for want of time, the other for not knowing Greek, brought about an agreement that Peurbach should accompany Bessarion to Italy together with Regiomontanus. Peurbach died 8 April, 1461, not yet thirty-eight years old, and left the "Epitome" to his pupil to be finished and published as a sacred legacy.
In company with his new patron, Müller reached Rome in the Fall of 1461. Under George of Trebizond and other teachers he acquired so much knowledge of Greek that he understood all of the obscure points of the "Epitome" of his late master. During his stay in Italy Müller continually observed the sun, the moon, and the planets, and searched the libraries for Greek manuscripts. He found another lunar eclipse over an hour in advance of the Tables. What manuscripts he could not acquire he had copied. A new Testament, written in Greek by his own hands, was his companion. The summer of 1462 was spent at Viterbo, and when Bessarion left for Greece in the Fall of the same year, Müller accompanied him as far as Venice. On the recommendation of his patron, Müller was well received in various Italian cities. In Ferrara he became acquainted with an old friend of Peurbach, Bianchini, then ninety years of age, with Theodore of Gaza, and with Guarini. He profited so well in the knowledge of Greek that he understood the whole of Ptolemy, and was able to complete the "Epitome" of Peurbach by adding seven books to the six already written by his master. In Padua he was at once enrolled among the Academicians and was invited to lecture. While awaiting the return of his patron in Venice, he discovered a portion of the Greek Arithmetic of Diophantus, continued his observations, refuted the quadrature of the circle given by Cuse, and computed a calendar with the places of sun and moon, the eclipses and the dates of Easter for the next thirty years. After two years' absence from Rome, Müller returned there alone in October, 1464, to spend four more years in studying and copying. His rich collection of manuscripts comprised at that time Bessarion's own copy of the Greek "Almagest". Müller was now able to point out grave errors in the commentaries on Ptolemy and Theon by George of Trebizond. The consequent enmity of the latter, and the absence of his patron, may have induced him to leave Italy in 1468.
The university registers in Vienna contain no record of Müller ever resuming his lectures after his return. The next three years, or part of them, he seems to have spent in Buda, being recommended by the Archbishop of Gran to King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary as custodian of the libary, so rich in spoils from Athens and Constantinople. The ensuing wars of the king in Bohemia led Müller to look for a place where he could carry out his life's plan: the determination of the astronomical constants by observation and the publication of the literary treasures in print. Nüremberg, then the centre of industry and commerce in southern Germany, was his choice, and in the Fall of 1471 he was admitted to the city and even invited to lecture. A wealthy citizen, Bernhard Walther, furnished the means for an instrument shop, an observatory, and a printing office and joined Müller in the work. The fruits soon appeared. The latitude of the place (49° 24') and the obliquity of the ecliptic (23° 28') were determined free from the effects of refraction; the planet Venus was made the link between the fixed stars and the sun, instead of the moon; the great comet of 1472 was observed during January and February in such a way that its orbit could be calculated. Halley writes: "This comet is the very first of which any proper observations have been handed down to us" (Phil. Trans. XXIV, 1706, p. 1883). The earlier observations of the comet of 1450 by Toscanelli, were unknown to Halley, although the comet happened to be the one that bears his name. The printing office of Walther, with the improved methods and types of Müller, turned out Peurbach's New Theory of the Comets and an astronomical poem of Manilius (1472-73); then Müller's own "Calendarium Novum" and his astronomical "Ephemerides" (1473-74) with the positions of the sun, moon, and planets, and the eclipses from 1475 to 1500. The latter guided Columbus to America and enabled him to predict the lunar eclipse of 29 February, 1504.
Müller's scientific activity in Nüremberg was brought to a close by a letter of Sixtus IV calling him to Rome for the purpose of finally settling the reform of the calendar. Gassendi relates, on the authority of Peter Ramus (1515-72) and of Paul Jovius (Giovio; 1483-1552), both humanists, that Müller was created Bishop of Ratisbon. Jovius writes in his "Eulogies appended to the true pictures of celebrated men" in the museum of Como (p. 75): "Ab hac commendatione eruditi nominis creatus est a Xysto Quarto Ratisponensis Episcopus" etc. This testimony of a man contemporary of Regiomontanus is not improbable, since by this dignitary title the pope could give more force to his invitation. Yet it seems certain that Müller never occupied the episcopal chair. Whether a papal command was needed, or whether the world's problem of adjusting the calendar had in itself sufficient attraction, Müller was again in Rome towards the end of 1475. Death overtook him in less than a year at the age of forty, and the Panthéon is said to be his resting-place, although his tomb is unknown. The cause of his death was, according to Jovius, a pestilence then raging in Rome; but according to Ramus, poison administered to him by the sons of his enemy, George of Trebizond. The historical exactness of Ramus, however, is very doubtful from his poetical stories of the iron fly and the wooden eagle, said to have been constructed in the laboratories of Nüremberg. In consequence of the untimely death of Müller, many of his works and manuscripts were lost, in particular everything on the reform of the calendar. Some works were published posthumously, like the five books on triangles and the quadrature of the circle (Nüremberg, 1533); his trigonometry (1541); the "Scripta Cl. Math. fo. Regiomontani" (1544); the "Epitome" on Ptolemy's Almagest (Venice, 1496); and part of his correspondence with Bessarion, Roder, Bianchini, and other scientists. The principal works are reviewed by Gassendi; the astronomical books are described by Delambre; and the mathematical treatises are discussed by Cantor. Bibliographies on Regiomontanus are enumerated by Stern and Ziegler. A statue of Müller was erected in the market-place of Königsberg in 1873.
, Imagines clarorum vivorum;, Scholarum mathematicarum libri XXXI (Basle, 1569), 65; , Opere, V (Lyons, 1658), Miscellanea; , Histoire des Mathématiques (Ann. VII), I, 541-547; , Histoire de l'astronomie du Moyen Age (Paris, 1819), 285-365; in -'s Encyclopädie, II (Leipzig, 1843), 205-213; , ''Gesch. der Wiener Universität, I (Vienna, 1865), 537-557;, Regiomontanus, ein geistreicher Vorläufer des Columbus (Dresden, 1874); , Gesch. der Astronomie (Munich, 1877); in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, XXII (Leipzig, 1885), 564-581; in 's Zeitschrift, XIX (1874), Literaturz., 41-53;, Vorlesungen über Gesch. der Mathematik,'' II (Leipzig, 1900), 254-289.
. | WIKI |
Bansphor
The Bansphor are a Hindu caste found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Origin
The community get their name from the Hindi words bans, meaning bamboo and phorna which means to split. They are a community that were traditionally involved in the manufacture of bamboo items for household usage. According to traditions, they are one of the seven sub-groups of the Dom community. Their own traditions refer to a Bans Rajah, a prince who said to have ruled in the Awadh region, from whom the community descend. They are found throughout Uttar Pradesh, with special concentrations in the districts of Farrukhabad, Saharanpur and Pilibhit in western Uttar Pradesh, and Sitapur, Kheri, Hardoi, Pratapgarh and Lucknow in Awadh, and Mirzapur and Lalitpur in southern Uttar Pradesh. The western Bansphor speak Khari boli, while those in Awadh speak Awadhi. A section of the Bansphor in Saharanpur and Moradabad have converted to Islam, and now form a distinct community of Muslim Bansphor.
Present circumstances
The Bansphor practice strict community endogamy, as well as clan exogamy, which a common practice among most North Indian Hindus. Their clans are called gotras, the main ones being the Mahawati, Chamkel, Gaushal, Samudra, Nahar, Kalai and Saraiha. Marriages do not occur with the Muslim Bansphor community. The Bansphor live in multi-caste villages, but occupy their own distinct quarters. Each of their settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a panchayat. The panchayat is headed by a pradhan, a position which is heredity. In addition, there is an overarching panchayat of between three and four villages, which headed by a chaudhary. The panchayat resolves any intra-community dispute, as well as acting an instrument of social control. They are Hindus, except for the now-distinct community of Muslim Bansphor, and have Hanuman as their tribal deity.
The Bansphor are still involved in their traditional occupation, which is the manufacture of bamboo furniture. These are then sold at the local market. A significant number of Bansphor are agricultural labourers, while other often migrating to Mumbai and Delhi to work as daily wage labourers. Like other scheduled caste communities, they live an extremely marginal economic existence.
The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Bansphor population as 59,804. | WIKI |
List of international five-wicket hauls at the National Stadium
The National Bank Cricket Arena is a cricket ground in Karachi, Pakistan. The first Test match played at the National Stadium was in 1955 between Pakistan and India. The most recent Test match hosted by the ground, was played in December 2022. The ground has also hosted 48 One Day Internationals (ODIs), the first of these was in 1980 between Pakistan and the West Indies.
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five-for" or "fifer") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement.
54 five-wicket hauls in Tests have been taken at the ground. Indian Gulabrai Ramchand took the first fifer on the ground in 1955. Imran Khan's 8/60 in 1982 against India are the best bowling figures in an innings.
7 five-wicket hauls in ODIs have been taken at the ground. Waqar Younis took the five-for on the ground in 1990. Ajantha Mendis's 6/13 in 2008 against India in 2008 Asia Cup are the best bowling figures in an innings.
The stadium also maintains an honour board. | WIKI |
Template:2013–14 KHL Eastern Conference standings
Y – Clinched Division; Z – Clinched Conference KHA – Kharlamov Division, CHE – Chernyshev Division | WIKI |
Excel macro to Create Sheets, Copy Data
Microsoft Excel 2003 (full)
April 30, 2010 at 15:53:47
Specs: Windows 7
Hello,
I am new to macros. I am not sure if this can be done, but I hope it can.
I would like to create a macros that will create a new sheet for each day of the week automatically. Then pull certain information from the previous day to carry over. I would like it to automatically generate 5/1/2010, then 5/2/2010, etc. for example.
I would like it to then take those days of the week and compile them into a new sheet labled 5/1 - 5/8 (looking @ my calendar for May). I would like for the info from the days of the week to be compiled into a summary for the week.
I would then like it to compile the data from the weeks of the month into a new sheet labled month (May for example). And again, compile me a summary for the month based on the weeks and days information.
Finally, I would like it to take all the months of the year, and compile that data into a new tab for the year (2010) for example. And the automatically summarize certain data for the entire year.
Then, start over for 2011 doing the same thing. Days, weeks, months, year.
I would like the months of the year to automatically go under the year tab, so that if I click the year tab it exapands to months, if I click on a certain month it expands to weeks and if I click on a certain week in the month it opens the days of that week.
Hope that make sense. Is this possible to do?
See More: Excel macro to Create Sheets, Copy Data
Report •
#1
May 1, 2010 at 15:19:52
Hi,
If you are asking for macros to do all of what you are asking for, then I suggest that you hire a programmer!
Most of what you want is possible in Excel, although some things don't work the way you suggest:
I would like the months of the year to automatically go under the year tab, so that if I click the year tab it expands to months
I don't know what you are thinking of when you refer to tabs, such as 'the year tab'. Are you referring to the worksheet name tab, or are you thinking of custom forms with a series of tabs. Worksheet name tabs don't lend themselves to 'expanding'.
create a new sheet for each day of the week automatically
This will result in 365 worksheets just for one year's data, excluding the month and other summary tabs.
It is far better to start with all your data in one block - on one worksheet, then you can extract data for specific periods from it.
Having daily data on separate sheets makes finding it and analyzing it a lot more difficult, even using visual basic macros. If you have a column containing dates, Excel stores dates as numbers which can be used to find a range of dates. If you have dates on worksheet name tabs, the 'date' is stored as a string, not as an Excel date number, so selecting worksheet names based on text representations of dates becomes quite complex.
If you add 1 to a cell containing 01-Jan-2010, you get 02-Jan-2010, but there is no direct way to add 1 to a worksheet named 01-Jan-2010 to get 02-Jan-2010.
If your monthly data is on separate worksheets, it will be hard to create charts showing monthly data as there are no simple sequences of data to use.
Having months divided into weeks of data will result in lots of 'part-weeks', which is data that has little use.
A single sequence of weeks of data throughout the year results in, at most two 'part-weeks' of data. If done by month you could end up with 24 'part-weeks' of data.
The daily data can be presented as weekly data (the WEEKNUM() function is usefull) and monthly data can be extracted using SUMPRODUCT() to extract and sum data between specific dates.
As you have not used Excel macros before, I suggest that you start by doing the basics with Excel formulas and then use macros to add specific features.
When using formulas, as you find a need to add additional analyses and perhaps more charts, being able to access the data in simple ranges will make it so much easier. If the whole output is dependent on macros, you will also have to become very proficient in understanding and editing other peoples macros - not the easiest thing to do, especially as you will have macros created by different programmers.
I know that much of the above sounds negative, but I say this based on years of analyzing data - and my experience says - keep the raw data together. Big blocks of data can easily be analyzed by smaller periods, but aggregating lots of small pieces of data stored in different places into larger blocks is hard.
Regards
Report •
#2
May 2, 2010 at 18:33:54
Makes sense, thank you for the thorough response!
Report •
#3
May 3, 2010 at 05:04:42
Hi,
Please come back with further questions - I am sure we can offer something positive !!!
I tried this:
Source worksheet named "DailyData"
Headings in Row 1
A1 Date; B1 Week #; C1 Data #1
Column A - A2 A366 contains dates
Enter 01-Jan-2010 in A2 (and format as dd-mmm-yy)
In A3 enter:
=A2+1
Drag A3 down to A366
A366 will show 31-Dec-2010
Cell B2 enter:
=WEEKNUM(A2,2)
Drag down to B366
Column B will contain the week number for each date
Cells C2 to C366 enter first data set
Cells D2 to D366 enter second data set etc ...
In a second worksheet named "WeeklyData"
Headings in Row 1
A1 Week #
B1 Data #1
C1 Data #2 etc ...
Enter numbers 1 in Cell A2 and 2 in Cell A3
Select cells A1 and A2 and drag down to A54
A54 will contain the week # 53
In Cell B2 enter this formula:
=SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$B$2:$B$366=$A2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366))
Drag the formula in Cell B2 down to Cell B54
Cells B2 to B54 will now contain the weekly data, based on the daily data
In a third worksheet named "MonthlyData"
Headings in Row 1
A1 Start on month
B1 End of month
C1 Data #1
Enter 01-Jan-2010 in cell A2
enter this formula in Cell B2:
=EOMONTH(A2,0)
EOMONTH() is not available by default - Go to Tools - Add-Ins...
In the Add-Ins dialog box chek the box alongside 'Analysis ToolPak"
EOMONTH() will now be available
In Cell A3 enter:
=B2+1
In Cell B3 enter:
=EOMONTH(A3,0)
Select cells A3 and B3 and drag them down to row 13
You will now have a series of month date ranges
(The following formulas have been split on to several lines for ease of viewing - you will need to merge each one back into a single line before pasting into the cell's formula bar).
In Cell C2 enter:
=SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366))
Drag this down to C13
You will now have monthly data based on the daily data
In Cell F1 enter "Actual/Estimate"
In Cell G1 enter "Data #1"
In Cell F2 enter:
=IF(SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366<>""))=0,"",IF(SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366<>""))=($B2-$A2+1),"Actual","Estimate
("&SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366<>""))&")"))
In Cell G2 enter:
=IF(SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366<>""))=0,0,SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366))/SUMPRODUCT((DailyData!$A$2:$A$366>=MonthlyData!$A2)*
(DailyData!$A$2:$A$366<=MonthlyData!$B2)*
(DailyData!C$2:C$366<>""))*($B2-$A2+1))
Select cells F2 and G2 and drag down to F13/G13
You will now have actual data for completed months and estimated data for a partial month (data so far / number of days data * number of days in month). Column F will identify actual or estimated data.
To add a pop-up that shows the 7 days of data in a week add this macro which runs when a cell in column B on the WeeklyData sheet is selected.
On the worksheet "WeeklyData" right-click the name tab at the bottom of the window.
Select 'View code'
Paste the following into the large Visual Basic window:
Option Explicit
Private Sub Worksheet_Deactivate()
Dim n As Integer
'remove any comments when leaving this worksheet
For n = 1 To Worksheets("WeeklyData").Comments.Count
Worksheets("WeeklyData").Comments(n).Delete
Next n
End Sub
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
Application.EnableEvents = False
Dim rngCell As Range
Dim intWeek As Integer
Dim strWeek As String
Dim n As Integer
On Error GoTo ErrHnd
'remove any existing comments
For n = 1 To ActiveSheet.Comments.Count
ActiveSheet.Comments(n).Delete
Next n
'respond to the column that is selected
Select Case Target.Column
Case 2
'a cell in col 2 selected
'get the week number from the column to the left of the selected cell
intWeek = Target.Offset(0, -1).Value
'create the message to go into the comment box
strWeek = ""
For Each rngCell In Worksheets("DailyData").Range("B3:B367")
If rngCell.Value = intWeek Then
strWeek = strWeek & rngCell.Offset(0, 1).Text & vbCrLf
End If
Next rngCell
'create the comment box
Target.AddComment (strWeek)
Target.Comment.Shape.Height = 78
Target.Comment.Shape.Width = 24
Case Else
'do nothing
End Select
Application.EnableEvents = True
Exit Sub
'error handler
ErrHnd:
Err.Clear
Application.EnableEvents = True
End Sub
Now try selecting a cell in column B and see the data for that week appear - assuming that you have populated the first column of data in the "DailyData" worksheet
You will see in the code that there is a statement Case 2
This line and the following lines can be duplicated using Case 3, to get a popup for weekly data in column C
like this:
Case 3
'a cell in col 3 selected
'get the week number from the column 2 to the left of the selected cell
intWeek = Target.Offset(0, -2).Value
'create the message to go into the comment box
strWeek = ""
For Each rngCell In Worksheets("DailyData").Range("B3:B367")
If rngCell.Value = intWeek Then
strWeek = strWeek & rngCell.Offset(0, 2).Text & vbCrLf
End If
Next rngCell
'create the comment box
Target.AddComment (strWeek)
Target.Comment.Shape.Height = 78
Target.Comment.Shape.Width = 24
Hope this gives you some ideas.
Regards
Report •
Related Solutions
Ask Question | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In live from the JSS2015 (Journée SQL Server 2015) in Paris, we saw that the CTP3.1 has been available in the night of these 2 days.
One new feature available for this release in the T-SQL domain is COMPRESS and DECOMPRESS.
Through a GZIP algorithm, you can compress and decompress an argument for nvarchar, varchar, varbinary, char and binary data types.
I create a table to test these new feature. The source table is a workload of the ErrorLog with three columns:
• LogDate (datetime)
• Process (varchar(20))
• Text(varchar(MAX))
Compress01
The goal is to copy all rows from ErrorLog Table and compress the Column “Text” with a data type varchar(max) in a second ErrorLog table: ErrorLog2
Compress02
In the execution plan, the compression has an implicit conversion in a “compute scalar” operation.
The result of a compression on a column is a varbinary
If I do a simple select on these tables, the compressed column appears with some unreadable characters.
Compress04
I try to read the line with the DECOMPRESS option.
Compress05
In this case, you have not an implicit conversion like in the insert.
You can see that an error message 8116 appears with an invalid argument of the decompression function.
To have a varbinary, I used the CAST function
Compress07
With the CAST, the Column Text cannot be read correctly and I need to use a second time a CAST to have a varchar.
SELECT TOP 5 [LogDate] ,[ProcessInfo], CAST(DECOMPRESS(CAST(Text AS VARBINARY(MAX))) AS VARCHAR(MAX)) FROM [ErrorLog2]
Compress08
2 CAST to have the information is very awful! 😕
In a second time, I create a new table like ErrorLog but with a column Text in Varbinary(max): ErroLog3
Compress03
You can notice that no implicit conversion is done during an insert.
As before, I try to read the line with the DECOMPRESS option.
Compress09
I have no error message in this case but the Column Text cannot be read.
I must reuse a CAST to have a readable column
SELECT TOP 5 [LogDate] ,[ProcessInfo], CAST (DECOMPRESS(Text) as varchar(max)) FROM [ErrorLog3]
Compress10
Et Voila! I finish this test with a little tips: instead of decompressing with varchar I have to use nvarchar.
I let you see the result.
Compress11
Msdn reference for COMPRESS
Msdn reference for DECOMPRESS
Thumbnail [60x60]
by
Stéphane Haby | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Morgan ab Owain
Morgan ab Owain (died 1158) was a Welsh king and Lord of Caerleon. He was a son of Owain Wan and thus a grandson of Caradog ap Gruffydd, the last Welsh king of Gwent.
After Caradog ap Gruffydd was killed in 1081 in the Battle of Mynydd Carn against Rhys ap Tewdwr, his son Owain Wan ruled only over Gwynllŵg. Most of Gwent was conquered by the Anglo-Norman lord Robert Fitzhamon in the following years.
In 1136 Morgan together with his brother Iorwerth murdered Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, the Anglo-Norman lord of Ceredigion, in an ambush during the Welsh revolt after the death of King Henry I. He then captured Caerleon and Usk Castle, thus gaining control of Upper Gwent and Llenfennydd. Although he only ruled over a small territory, he called himself king from that point. Since the neighboring Norman Marcher Lords were themselves involved in the English civil war after the death of Henry I, he was able to hold on to his conquests. In addition, he secured himself through agreements with Robert, Earl of Gloucester and, after his death, with Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford. He and his warriors fought several times as mercenaries in the service of Robert of Gloucester and Roger FitzMiles on the side of Empress Matilda, including "as a terrible Welsh mob" together with Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd and Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in the Battle of Lincoln. In 1154 he was finally recognized by Henry II as Lord of Caerleon, but in 1158 he and his court poet Gwrgant ap Rhys were murdered in a raid north of Caerphilly by Ifor Bach, the Welsh lord of Senghenydd. Although Morgan left at least two sons, Morgan and Hywel, he was succeeded by his brother Iorwerth ab Owain. | WIKI |
Oil’s well when your oil is clean!
oil_Marine
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oil_Marine
During the two decades that we have been serving the Marine Industry, we have observed that Engineers, in general, do not pay enough attention to oil cleanliness. Oil samples, for Lab analysis, are drawn without much care and attention to detail, samples stay on board for days or weeks before they are landed ashore and once the samples are analysed by the laboratory, it might be weeks before the report reaches the vessel. The story does not end there.
The apathy to oil continues. The Chief Engineer at best may spend a couple of minutes before his eyes rest on the ‘fit/ unfit for further use’ advise and then files the report. Rarely do the other engineers ever study it or treat it as a diagnostic tool. Oil sample analysis should be a valuable tool for the ship’s engineer to take proactive steps in preventing failures. Getting a report a month after the sample is drawn is akin to telling a dead patient that he had a bad heart!
It is our experience, and this is backed by field tests and independent research data, that keeping your oil super clean ensures a 30-40% savings in Opex cost (oil changes, oil filters and savings in cost of overhauls). Reliability of the equipment is significantly enhanced.
99% of wear and contaminant particles in oil are below 5micron in size. Online filters in Diesel engines (and most equipment) are about 8~10 microns. Return line filters on hydraulic systems are typically 8 microns. These filters are adequate in protecting moving parts from ingress of wear particles between rubbing surfaces to prevent abrasion damage. That is their primary purpose. The millions of particles which are 5 micron and less in size are cause of concern. In the presence of heat, oxygen and pressure they act as catalyst and promote rapid oxidation of the oil. The products of oil oxidation are acids, sludge and varnish. The brown grime you see at the bottom of a hydraulic oil tank is varnish. It reduces the load bearing capacity of the oil film, promotes accelerated wear, which in turn produces more wear particles and the cycle continues. Varnish, in turn, causes hydraulic control valves (spools, flow control, proportionate control valves etc) to stick and leads to malfunction of hydraulic systems.
The solution is ‘offline’ or ‘kidney loop filtering systems’. The flow rate generally is calculated to give one pass of the sump volume in about 24 hours. Typically for a sump of 2000 litres, the flow rate in the bypass filter should be 1.5LPM with a suitable filter size. The flow rate may vary depending upon the ingress of contaminants in the system
There are two types of off line systems – those systems which draw the oil from the main lubricating system and pass it through the offline filters before returning it to the sump, the other being completely independent systems having their own motor driven pumps. The latter are costlier but are easier to install. Personally I prefer independent systems (with integrated pump and motor) over those that draw oil from the main lubricating oil system. My main concern is that when the equipment is starting or stopping (Diesel engines) lubrication conditions are most severe (maximum wear occurs in moving parts until hydrodynamic lubrication conditions are established), and diverting any amount of oil to the offline filters can only adversely affect the quality of lubrication in the main bearings. The other disadvantage is that when the equipment is stopped the offline filtration is also stopped. In systems with independent pump and motor, purification of oil is a 24X7 process.
Filter rating
Filter manufacturers use ‘Nominal rating’ to describe the filter efficiency. Most online filters have a nominal rating of 8 or 10 microns. This may mean ‘most’ particles of 8 microns can be trapped by the filter. In reality, both Nominal rating and Absolute rating are meaningless terms. They can be quite misleading. A 10 micron ‘nominal rating’ filter may allow particles several microns larger to pass through it. Probably the best indicator of filter efficiency is the beta ratio. For example β3= 230 implies that for every 230 particles of 3 micron or more 1 particle may pass through the filter. A β3=500 is obviously a better filter as only 1 out 500 particles, 3 microns or more will pass through the filter. The dirt holding capacity of the filter defines, in grams, the amount of contaminants it can hold before it is clogged. Filters made from cellulose material can also hold some amount of water. This is particularly useful in trapping water in hydraulic or Diesel engine applications.
Oil Analysis
The results of an oil analysis can be accurate (and therefore useful as a maintenance tool) if the oil sample is consistent. That means it must always be drawn from the same sampling point, preferably where there there is a flow of oil. The sampling bottle must be clean (and sealed) prior to use. Drain a few hundred ml of oil before filling the sampling bottle. Unless the label is accurately filled with information, the data is useless. The minimum information required is identification of the machine, the grade of oil, machine running hours, hours since last overhaul, hours since oil change and the quantity of make up oil since oil change. Most engineers do not bother to record the quantity of top up oil used. This vital information is vital to assess the rate at which oil is deteriorating.
Particle Count
One of the ways of determining the quality of oil is by understanding the contamination by measuring the sizes of the particles in the respective size brackets as defined by international standards like ISO 4406 or NAS 1638. The NAS 1638 standard gives the engineer an easy way to determine the particle contamination of oil by the use of a single integer from 0-12. NAS is now outdated and replaced by ISO 4406 and 4405 standards. ISO 4406 is considered to be a better standard to gauge particle contamination in oil by specifically accounting for particles between 4μ-6μ, 6μ-14μ and above 14μ. It is important to understand that NAS level or ISO 4406 standard can only give a partial understanding of the overall oil condition
Online Oil Monitoring
The results of the Oil Analysis can be useful if the report is delivered to the vessel as quickly after the sample is drawn. A 100 hours is the most ideal situation. However the reality is different due to the logistics challenges that a vessel or offshore installation faces. Very often the oil report finally comes to the vessel weeks after the sample is drawn. Any useful benefit that the Ship’s engineer may have had by analysing the report, if it arrived on time is diluted. How useful is it to know that your oil is diluted with fuel oil several weeks after it has been changed?
Online oil monitoring systems appear to be the answer and are now affordable. They give the user a visual indication of the quality of the oil, all in real time. The more advanced systems now display a rate of oil deterioration and the estimated useful life of the oil. This means that if there is a sudden fuel leakage in to the sump or ingress of water, an alarm can alert the Engineer and corrective action can be initiated before the oil is unfit for further use.
Another important reason to install online monitoring systems is that oil change can be extended to extract the maximum useful life of the oil. Often, especially in high speed engines, oil change is based on running hours of the equipment and not on the actual condition of the oil. Since the Ship’s Engineer now has real time data of the condition of the oil he can extend oil change intervals. That saves a lot of money to the ship owner and optimizes usage of resources. Most of these systems can be integrated with either the ship’s control panels or can be connected to the ship’s internet for remote monitoring at the head office.
Field Tests with Offline Filter Systems
Choosing the proper bypass filtration system is important. Certain electrostatic by pass filters become ineffective in the presence of even small quantities of water in the oil. Those without inbuilt motor and pump are idle when the main equipment is not working negating the very purpose of having bypass filters. Certain other types clog easily in the presence of moisture in the oil.
Our experience is that we have been able to extend the life of oil by a factor of 5 to 10 times using properly designed bypass filtration system. That means that the payback period of the additional filtration system is very often less than a year. But our experience indicates that the main advantage of using bypass filtration systems is the prolonged MTBO. The clean oil ensures ideal lubrication conditions and this in turn increases the life of components by at least 25%.
And finally a word on Oil filling. Most of us presume that new oil is clean, that oil from a sealed drum is fit for use directly in a system. This is far from the truth. New oil has a high particle count, often it is more contaminated than the oil in your hydraulic system. Oil filling in to the system must be done through an on line oil filling filter no less than 5 micron in size. Ensure that you keep your system tight and leak free, prevent ingress of air and dirt.
Bypass filtration with online oil monitoring is the best bet to keep your equipment in ship-shape and save big bucks on maintenance costs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bob Ryan (mayor)
The result was no consensus. slakr \ talk / 23:37, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
Bob Ryan (mayor)
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Seems to be a non-notable local mayor. I don't think the city of Sheboygan is large enough for its mayor to have notability. There is a major WP:UNDUE issue here with WP:BLP concerns regarding the scandals listed in the article. If it's kept, it needs to be significantly cleaned up. only (talk) 03:44, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Politicians-related deletion discussions. - Fim atic (talk | contribs) 03:59, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. - Fim atic (talk | contribs) 04:00, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Wisconsin-related deletion discussions. - Fim atic (talk | contribs) 04:00, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:POLITICIAN and BLP concerns. - Location (talk) 04:06, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Keep reliably sourced, meets GNG. There are rare cases of mayors who are known for scandal after scandal is this is one of those cases. The scandals section needs to dominate this article. That's why he lost in a recall election. I think Sheboygan is large enough for its mayor to be notable. Here's an non-local newspaper article which had cited earlier in the article's history . There are many different non-local sources if you search the internet for the terms "Bob Ryan" Sheboygan such as, his drunk driving arrest after leaving office, , , on ABC News (national), and there's LOTS more. Royal broil 13:50, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* If the event is notable (per WP:EVENT), then perhaps this should be moved to something like 2012 Sheboygan mayoral recall election. Terry Van Akkeren should be merged there, too. - Location (talk) 16:12, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Terry Van Akkeren also served in the Wisconsin State Legislature before becoming mayor. I opposed merging the Terry Van Akkeren article into the proposed Sheboygan Mayoral Recall Election article because he had served in the Wisconsin Assembly before becoming mayor. Thank you-RFD (talk) 19:15, 16 December 2014 (UTC).
* You are correct. I wasn't paying attention. - Location (talk) 20:24, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* He's more notable than the recall election. He had a scandal-filled term that went well beyond the local newspaper - it was state and national level press. He'd be notable even if he was mayor in a small community of 100 residents. I'm working on adding much more well-known sources to the article right now. Royal broil 03:05, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
* I spent a long time citing from reliable sources. I only used major newspapers, television stations, or national sources (Wall Street Journal, ABC News, Associated Press). The exception was content about what he accomplished as mayor from a nearby small town newspaper. State sources come from 3 television / newspaper markets showing that his controversies were reported well beyond the local rags. The Daily News in the UK and Huffington Report even reported on him but I didn't consider either to be reliable. He actually had two more smaller scandals that weren't added to the article: his first scandal was a video posted to Youtube with him making oral sex jokes about his sister in law shown here from a 4th media market and allegedly more comments about oral sex and young women. Royal broil 05:52, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
* Keep Per Royalbroil-thank you-RFD (talk) 15:30, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
* Delete Fails WP:POLITICIAN: "A politician who has received 'significant press coverage' has been written about, in depth, independently in multiple news feature articles, by journalists." 1. Press coverage is almost exclusively of Ryan's foibles. This shows neither breadth nor depth of coverage. 2. References include only sources within a 50-mile radius of Sheboygan. Ergo, this guy is a sensationalistic local interest story, not a person with enduring notability. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:16, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
* Delete. Mayor of a medium-sized town. Not notable enough. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:44, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
* Delete Mayors of places of this size do not recieve notability for such.John Pack Lambert (talk) 07:16, 22 December 2014 (UTC)
* Have any of you even considered GNG? It's NOT the size of the community, it's the volume and the quality of the sources. Not local level sources, but regional and national level. There are many more newspaper articles written about this man. Royal broil 12:31, 24 December 2014 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Sam Walton (talk) 15:17, 24 December 2014 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* keep Enough independent coverage in non-local sources. -M.Altenmann >t 18:36, 24 December 2014 (UTC)
* Keep - Has received significant coverage in reliable sources. --Hirolovesswords (talk) 17:32, 28 December 2014 (UTC)
* Comment - A juicy BLP but that shouldn't affect us pro or con in terms of notability. The question at hand is whether having been Mayor of Sheboygan is sufficient for a pass per WP:POLITICIAN, which makes note of that "major local politicians" may be notable if the subject of significant external published coverage. Sheboygan's population is 49,000-and-change, right at the 50,000 threshold that I personally believe should be the cut off for autokeeping mayors. The (sensationalized) recall was big news, however, perhaps tipping the balance. I'll just leave it at that. Carrite (talk) 19:37, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Randykitty (talk) 15:49, 1 January 2015 (UTC)
* Keep - Per User:Hirolovesswords; seems like alot of coverage in RS. NickCT (talk) 23:04, 1 January 2015 (UTC)
* Keep per Royalbroil and Hiro. Do note that I'm a Sheboygan resident but even without that conflict that I would have deemed the subject's coverage for their various issues noteworthy, issues that thankfully do not affect our current mayor, to my relief. Nate • ( chatter ) 02:55, 3 January 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Sufficiently notable. (And Sheboygan never gets tired of being fun to say.) Pax
* Comment - The current article is quite the attack BLP, but it appears that he is notable. Bearian (talk) 06:31, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
* Weak Keep - well, going strictly by the general notability guidelines and the notability policy for politicians, it seems obvious that this person is notable. But we have to take into account other policies too. The article gives undue weight to the negative aspects. Far from being written neutrally. --ceradon ( talk • contribs ) 02:35, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Barrett Various Chinese titles have been translated into English as "empress", including "empress" in both the sense of empress consort and empress regnant. Upon the death of the emperor, the surviving empress consort could become empress dowagersometimes wielding considerable political power as regent during the minority of the male heir to the position of emperor. Wu Zetian was the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Huangdi. Wu Zetian is said to be the only woman in Chinese history to wear the yellow robe as a monarch otherwise reserved for the sole use of the emperor, with the exception of empress dowager Liu of Song Dynasty.
Barrett Various Chinese titles have been translated into English as "empress", including "empress" in both the sense of empress consort Zhou case empress regnant.
Upon the death of the emperor, the surviving empress consort could become empress dowagersometimes wielding considerable political power as regent during the minority of the male heir to the position of emperor. Wu Zetian was the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Huangdi.
Wu Zetian is said to be the only woman in Chinese history to wear the yellow robe as a monarch otherwise reserved for the sole use of the emperor, with the exception of empress dowager Liu of Song Dynasty.
The birthplace of Wu Zetian is not documented in preserved historical literature and remains controversial. She lived from 17 February [h] [i] — 16 December In the same year, a total eclipse of the sun was visible across China. Her father Wu Shihuo was engaged in the timber business and the family was relatively well off.
Her mother was from the powerful Yang family. After Li Yuan overthrew Emperor Yang, he was generous to the Wu family, providing them with money, grain, land, and clothing.
Wu Zetian was born into a rich family. She had servants at her disposal to perform routine tasks for her, so there were not many domestic jobs that Wu would ever have to learn. Because of this, Wu was encouraged by her father to read books and pursue her education.
He made sure that his daughter was well-educated, a trait that was not common among women, much less encouraged by their fathers. Wu did not seem to be the type of child who would want to sit quietly and do needlework or sip tea all day. So Wu read and learned about many different topics such as politics and other governmental affairs, writing, literature, and music.
Wu grew and continued to learn as much as she could, with her father backing her every step of the way. At age fourteen, she was taken to be an imperial concubine lesser wife of Emperor Taizong of Tang. It was there that she became a type of secretary. This opportunity allowed her to continue to pursue her education.
She was given the title of cairentitle for one of the consorts with the fifth rank in Tang's nine-rank system for imperial officials, nobles, and consorts. Consort Wu, however, did not appear to be much favoured by Emperor Taizong, although it appeared that she did have sexual relations with him at one point.
Emperor Taizong had a horse with the name "Lion Stallion", and it was so large and strong that no one could get on its back.
I was a lady in waiting attending Emperor Taizong, and I suggested to him, "I only need three things to subordinate it: I will whip it with the iron whip.
If it does not submit, I will hammer its head with the iron hammer. If it still does not submit, I will cut its throat with the dagger. Do you really believe that you are qualified to dirty my dagger?
Li and Wu had had an affair when Taizong was still alive. Taizong had fourteen sons, including three to his beloved Empress Zhangsun —but none with Consort Wu.
Wu was to defy expectations, however, and left the convent for an alternative life. After Taizong's death Li Zhi came to visit her and, finding her more beautiful, intelligent, and intriguing than before, decided to bring her back as his own concubine.
Wu progressively gained influence over the governance of the empire throughout Emperor Gaozong's reign, and eventually she effectively was making the major decisions. She was regarded as ruthless in her endeavours to grab power and was believed by traditional historians even to have killed her own daughter to frame Empress Wang and, later, her own eldest son Li Hongin a power struggle.
Inexperienced and frequently incapacitated with a sickness that caused him spells of dizziness, Gaozong was only made heir to the empire due to the disgrace of his two older brothers.Find great deals on eBay for zhou case leica.
Shop with confidence. Zhou primarily relies on three cases in which the Supreme Court held that other criminal statutes apply only to “knowing” actions. 1 In those statutes, “knowingly” is immediately followed by a series of verbs. The statutes in those cases are ambiguous because “it is not at all clear how far down the sentence the word ‘knowingly.
Praise for the First Edition " the book is a valuable addition to the literature in thefield, serving as a much-needed guide for both clinicians andadvanced students."—Zentralblatt MATH.
Important People / Authors: Texts / Events-According to the book Rites of Zhou, this period had an organized medical system in which court officials of the emperor had different specialties such as dietitians, disease and surgical doctors and leslutinsduphoenix.com book also recorded seasonal epidemics and relevant treatment drugs.
Yi He: He used the imbalance of six factors (yin, yang, wind, rain. The Asian American Achievement Paradox [Jennifer Lee, Min Zhou] on leslutinsduphoenix.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
Asian Americans are often stereotyped as the “model minority.” Their sizeable presence at elite universities and high household incomes have helped construct the narrative of Asian American “exceptionalism.” While many .
Seebeck effect: Seebeck effect,, production of an electromotive force (emf) and consequently an electric current in a loop of material consisting of at least two dissimilar conductors when two junctions are maintained at different temperatures.
The conductors are commonly metals, though they need not even be. | FINEWEB-EDU |
surrogate key
Noun
* 1) A unique identifier for an entity or object, not derived from application data.
* We weren't sure which columns in the table would have unique values, so we used a separate surrogate key as the primary key. | WIKI |
wiki:private/AdvancedNlpCourse/OpinionSentiment
Version 6 (modified by Zuzana Nevěřilová, 5 years ago) (diff)
--
Opinion mining, sentiment analysis
IA161 Advanced NLP Course, Course Guarantee: Aleš Horák
Prepared by: Zuzana Nevěřilová
State of the Art
Sentiment analysis can be seen as a text categorization task (i.e. is the writer's opinion on a discussed topic X or Y?). It consists of detection of the topic (which can be easy in focused reviews) and detection of the sentiment (which is generally difficult). Opinions are sometimes expressed in a very subtle manner (e.g. the sentence How could anyone sit through this movie? contains no negative word) [3]. The sentiments are usually simply classified by their polarity (positive, negative) but they can be recognized more in depth (e.g. strongly negative). Recognized opinions are also subject to summarization (e.g. how many people like this new iPhone design?).
References
1. Bing Liu. Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies. 2012, 5(1): 1-167. DOI: 10.2200/s00416ed1v01y201204hlt016. Draft version available at http://www.cs.uic.edu/~liub/FBS/SentimentAnalysis-and-OpinionMining.pdf
2. Bing Liu. Sentiment Analysis Tutorial. AAAI-2011, August 8, 2011. Slides available at http://www.cs.uic.edu/~liub/FBS/Sentiment-Analysis-tutorial-AAAI-2011.pdf
3. Bo Pang, Lillian Lee, and Shivakumar Vaithyanathan, Thumbs up? Sentiment Classification using Machine Learning Techniques, Proceedings of EMNLP 2002. http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/sentiment.pdf
4. Liviu P. Dinu and Iulia Iuga. The Naive Bayes classifier in opinion mining: In search of the best
feature set. In Alexander Gelbukh, editor, Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, volume 7181 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 556–567. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
Bing Liu's References: http://www.cs.uic.edu/~liub/FBS/AAAI-2011-tutorial-references.pdf
Practical Session
Train classifier on the Movie Review Data http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/pabo/movie-review-data/. Measure precision, recall, and F1-score.
Train classifier on e-shop evaluation provided by customers and users of www.zbozi.cz. Measure precision, recall, and F1-score.
Discuss the differences between training classifiers on Czech and English data.
Attachments (11) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cygnus OB2-12
change title to OB2 No. 12
instead of OB2-12.
this has been done with many other articles before (because # cannot be used) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:25, 2 February 2023 (UTC)
* I've created a redirect at that title, as a start. Try not to touch it as that will make moving this page, if agreed, harder. I don't really have a problem with the current title, it is unambiguous, relatively easy to type, used in the literature (albeit probably less than forms with No. or number in them), and all-in-all not causing anyone any problems. You can always raise a formal move request if there isn't much response in this thread. Lithopsian (talk) 15:05, 2 February 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Template talk:Regionalliga
Requested move 14 September 2017
The result of the move request was: page moved. (non-admin closure) Steel1943 (talk) 16:51, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
Template:German Regionalliga (football) → Template:Regionalliga – Align template name with the article title, Regionalliga. S.A. Julio (talk) 13:38, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* This is a contested technical request (permalink). TonyBallioni (talk) 15:34, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* , pageswap has notified that this is a heavily transcluded template. As such, I think its best to exercise caution here and give a comment period through an RM. I'll notify the WikiProject as well. This is a purely procedural actions, and I am neutral. TonyBallioni (talk) 15:34, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* Support Per article name. Kante4 (talk) 15:41, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* Support Per article name. Why this is a contested discussion when there is no actual opposition is beyond me. --SuperJew (talk) 16:03, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* The template says that, but its default language from the link that starts the RM. WP:RM/TR is only for requests where there is unlikely to be any opposition. Admins and page movers will frequently send a request to an RM if they are unsure if there would be consensus. In this case, the template was highly transcluded: having a discussion before moving such a visible template ensures that the move is actually in line with consensus, rather than using a low visibility process. TonyBallioni (talk) 17:13, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* The template is used on only 13 articles, does not seem "highly transcluded" to me. S.A. Julio (talk) 17:18, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* Seems like needless bureaucracy to me. If someone actually opposes they'll contest it, otherwise there's no problem and should be allowed to be done with minimum of fuss. --SuperJew (talk) 21:02, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
* Support Per article name. --Jaellee (talk) 16:07, 14 September 2017 (UTC)
| WIKI |
straffen toebak
Etymology
From literal Brabantian meaning "strong tobacco"
Noun
* 1) no mean feat
*
* 1) strong or exaggerated story
* 2) powerful thing or person
* 1) powerful thing or person | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 14.djvu/818
788 TREATY WITH THE CREEK INDIANS. JUNE 14, 1866. reconveyed, leased, or rented to, or he occupied by any one not a citizen of the Creek nation, according to its laws and recognized usages: Provided, also, That officers, servants, and employes of said railroad necessary to its construction and management, shall not be excluded from such necessary occupancy, they being subject to the provisions of the Indian intercourse law and such rules and regulations as may be established by the Secretary of the Interior, nor shall any conveyance of any of said lands be made to the party building and managing said road until its completion as a iirst-class railroad, and its acceptance as such by the Secretary of the Interior. Greek orphan, Anricm VI. Inasmuch as the bonds, or a portion thereof; in which ` have largely depreciated in value, and are for the purposes for which said ihnd was set aside unproductive, it is hereby further stipulated that such of the bonds now held by the Secretary of the Interior, in trust for the orphans of the Creek nation, as may be necessary to establish a manuallabor school for the improvement and education of the orphan children of said nation shall be disposed of; and the avails thereof used for that pur- Ameudniént. pose, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. The residue of P°"·P·7°l‘ said fund shall be retained in the treasury of the United States, upon which interest at the rate of five per cent shall annually be paid for the maintenance and support of said school. Seminvlesmuy Anricnn VII. The Creeks hereby agree that the Seminole tribe of %°;";;g' Indians may sell and convey to the United States all or any portion of the Seminole lands, upon such terms as may be mutually agreed upon by and between the Seminoles and the United States. Line dividing AIETICLE VIH. It is agreed that the Secretary of the Interior forththo g’g';kS5;“"‘ with cause the line dividing the Creek country, as provided for by the 3Q6d_ terms of the sale of Creek lands to the United States in article third of this treaty, to be accurately surveyed under the direction of the commisiioneili og I ndian affairs, the expenses of which survey shall be paid by the nite `tates. Agcmy hui1d_ ARTICLE IX. Inasmuch as the agency buildings of the Creek tribe hp. have been destroyed during the late war, it is further agreed that the United States shall at their own expense, not exceeding ten thousand dollars, cause to be erected suitable agency buildings, the sites whereof shall be selected by the agent of said tribe, in the reduced Creek l‘0SCl‘· vation, under the direction of the superintendent of Indian affairs. In consideration whereof; the Creeks hereby cede and relinquish to the United States one section of their lands, to be designated and selected by their agent, under the direction of the superintendent oi' Indian affairs, upon which said agency buildings shall be erected, which section of land shall revert to the Creek nation when said agency buildings are no longer used by the United States, upon said nation paying a fair and reasonable value for said buildings at the time vacated. gw6k, ,%,86 AR1‘10L1·: X. The Creeks agree to such legislation as Congress and the to certain legis- President of the United States may deem necessary for the better admin- ]°°'°“‘ istrution of justice and the protection of the rights of person and property within the Indian territory: Provided, however, [That] said legislation shall not in any manner interfere with or annul their present tribal organ- Gmqm com- ization, rights, laws, privileges, and customs. The Creeks also agree that •¤· a general council, consisting of delegates elected by each nation or tribe lawfully resident within the Indian territory, may be annually convened in said territory, which council shall be organized in such manner and possess such powers as are hereinafter described. umu First. After the ratification of this treaty, and as soon as may be deemed practicable by the Secretary of the Interior, and prior to the first session of said council, a census, or enumeration of each tribe lawfully resident in said territory, shall be taken under the direction of the
* 'a'5‘l;r::'ld"Ph“ the Creek orphan fund has been heretofore invested, from certain causes | WIKI |
Oregon Women Stun No. 2-Seeded Duke
Ruthy Hebard had 20 points and 15 rebounds on Monday night as 10th-seeded Oregon upset No. 2-seeded Duke, 74-65, in Durham, N.C., in the second round of the N.C.A.A. women’s tournament. Maite Cazorla added 17 points and Lexi Bando finished with 14 to help the Ducks (22-13) become the first No. 10 seed in a decade to reach the round of 16. Oregon, in its first tournament appearance since 2005, had never advanced past the second round in its 12 previous appearances. Now it will travel to Connecticut to play third-seeded Maryland (32-2) in a Bridgeport Region semifinal on Saturday. Lexie Brown scored 25 points for the Blue Devils (28-6). U.C.L.A. 75, TEXAS A&M 43 Kari Korver scored 21 points, hitting seven 3-pointers, and fourth-seeded U.C.L.A. pummeled No. 5-seeded Texas A&M (22-12) in Los Angeles to earn a shot at No. 1-seeded Connecticut on Saturday in a regional semifinal. Monique Billings and Jordin Canada each added 12 points for the Bruins (25-8), who finished with the largest margin of victory in team history in a tournament game. The Bruins led by 21 points at halftime and extended it to 31 after three quarters. WASHINGTON 108, OKLAHOMA 82 Kelsey Plum scored 38 points, adding another record to her career résumé, and No. 3-seeded Washington (29-5) raced past sixth-seeded Oklahoma (23-10) in Seattle to make the regional semifinals. Plum passed Jackie Stiles’s record to become the all-time single-season scoring leader for the Huskies, having already topped Stiles’s career scoring mark last month. Plum now has 1,080 points this season. South Carolina defeats Mississippi State in the championship game. Gioya Carter led the Sooners with 17 points. Washington will play second-seeded Mississippi State on Friday in Oklahoma City. BAYLOR 86, CALIFORNIA 46 Alexis Prince and Nina Davis each scored 16 points, and top-seeded Baylor (32-3) advanced to the round of 16 for the ninth year in a row by thrashing No. 9-seeded California (20-14) in Waco, Tex. Kristine Anigwe had 20 points and 11 rebounds for the Golden Bears. Baylor will play Louisville on Friday in Oklahoma City. LOUISVILLE 75, TENNESSEE 64 Asia Durr scored 23 points, Mariya Moore made all five of her 3-pointers and finished with 19 points, and fourth-seeded Louisville (29-7) beat No. 5-seeded Tennessee (20-12) in a second-round game on the Cardinals’ home floor. Moore’s perimeter shooting provided a lift on a night when Louisville shot 44 percent from the field. Jaime Nared had 28 points and 11 rebounds for the Lady Volunteers. STANFORD 69, KANSAS ST. 48 Brittany McPhee had 21 points, Alanna Smith added 19, and second-seeded Stanford (30-5) routed No. 7-seeded Kansas State (23-11) as the Cardinal advanced to their 10th straight round of 16 in Manhattan, Kan. The Cardinal raced to a 39-21 halftime lead and never looked back in advancing to face Texas, the No. 3 seed, on Friday night in Lexington, Ky. Kindred Wesemann scored 11 points in her final game for the Wildcats. QUINNIPIAC 85, MIAMI 78 Morgan Manz scored 22 points and made six 3-pointers, Aryn McClure added 15 points, and 12th-seeded Quinnipiac (29-6) stunned fourth-seeded Miami (24-9) in Coral Gables, Fla. The Bobcats will head to Stockton, Calif., to take on top-seeded South Carolina on Saturday. Jessica Thomas scored 25 points for the Hurricanes. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Do Not Say We Have Nothing
Do Not Say We Have Nothing is a novel by Madeleine Thien published in 2016 in Canada. It follows a 10-year-old girl and her mother who invite a Chinese refugee into their home. Critically acclaimed, in 2016 the author was awarded both the Scotiabank Giller Prize and the Governor General's Award for this novel. It was short-listed for the Man Booker Prize as well as the Women's Prize for Fiction.
Plot summary
The novel begins with a girl named Marie living with her mother in Vancouver, Canada. The year is 1991, and the addition to their household of a Chinese refugee fleeing the post-Tiananmen Square crackdown, Ai-Ming, is the catalyst that sets the rest of the plot into motion. The novel quickly fractures into a number of different sub-plots, introduced by Ai-Ming, which span generations of both Marie and Ai-Ming's families, who are later revealed to be intrinsically connected. These sub-plots are set during a tumultuous period in China's history, from the beginning of Mao Zedong's reign in the late 1940s to the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. There are four main eras that the novel focuses on, though they do not necessarily occur in chronological order. The first involves Big Mother Knife, her sister Swirl, and Swirl's husband Wen the Dreamer during the land reform campaign and the executions that were involved. Secondly is the era focusing on Sparrow, Kai and Zhuli during the Cultural Revolution which centers around the Shanghai Conservatory and their experiences there. Thirdly is Sparrow and Ai-Ming, his daughter, during the Tiananmen Square protests and aftermath. Finally, the last era is the "present" which is Marie discovering her connection to all these stories. As well, the story contained in the Book of Records is a constant presence throughout all these other narratives. While Wen the Dreamer is the principal translator and contributor to the book, as the novel progresses the stories of all the characters become so incorporated into the Book of Records that the line is blurred between fact and fiction, past and present.
Characters
* Jiang Li-ling: Li-ling, also referred to as Marie and Ma-li, is the main character and narrator of the book. The novel shifts from present day where Marie interacts with her Ma and Ai-ming, to past generations where characters like Big Mother Knife and Sparrow struggle with the Cultural Revolution in China.
* Jiang Kai: Kai is Marie's father. We learn at the beginning of the novel that he leaves his daughter and wife to go to Hong Kong and eventually commits suicide. Later we learn that he had a close relationship with Sparrow growing up, which stemmed from an interest in classical music at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
* Ma: Ma takes care of her daughter, Marie, back in Vancouver. She also takes Ai-ming into her home upon receiving word that she is seeking refuge after the Tiananmen Square protests.
* Ai-ming: Ai-ming is the daughter of Sparrow and Ling as well as the friend and neighbour of Yiwen. Ai-ming flees China after participating in the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and finds a home with Marie and Ma for a short while in Vancouver. Eventually she leaves for America with the hope that she can make a better life for herself.
* Big Mother Knife: Big Mother Knife is the wife of Ba Lute, sister of Swirl, and mother to Sparrow, Flying Bear, and Big Mountain. She has a close relationship with her sister and has a hard time reconciling the horrors that Swirl faces with the political powers that Ba Lute fights for.
* Swirl: Swirl is the sister of Big Mother Knife and the wife of Wen the Dreamer. Wen the Dreamer and Swirl are punished with re-education through hard labour under Mao Zedong's regime in order to help them learn from their mistakes – they harbour a secret library cellar where they store valuable heirlooms, documents, American books, and other contraband.
* Ba Lute: Ba Lute is the husband of Big Mother Knife and fought for the People's Liberation Army during the birth of his son Sparrow. He places a lot of trust in Mao's Communist Party.
* Sparrow: Sparrow is the brother of Flying Bear and Big Mountain, as well as Zhuli's cousin. He develops a musical relationship with Zhuli through their interests at the conservatory. Sparrow writes several symphonies throughout the novel but struggles to share them out of fear of judgement. He has a close relationship with Kai because of their work together with classical music, but it grows into something more.
* Wen the Dreamer: Wen the Dreamer is the husband of Swirl and the son of renowned Chinese scholar Old West. Old West was selected by the Emperor to embark on a trip to America in order to foster his learning. Upon returning, and before he could share a lot of his knowledge, Wen's father died. Wen faces some resentment in the novel because Old West still owed 10 years of skilled labour to the emperor when he died. Wen is a poet.
* Zhuli: Zhuli is the daughter of Wen the Dreamer and Swirl. She is comforted by Big Mother Knife while her parents are tortured and is dropped off on her doorstep. She also is a gifted violinist and has a close relationship with Kai as well as Sparrow, despite being 10 years his junior.
* Flying Bear and Big Mountain: Flying Bear and Big Mountain are brothers to Sparrow and sons to Big Mother Knife and Ba Lute. They are interchangeable at the beginning of the novel but eventually grow apart.
* Ling: Ling is the wife of Sparrow and the mother of Ai-ming. She develops a close relationship with Yiwen particularly after Ai-ming flees China, and encourages her to attend the University of Tokyo.
* Lu Yiwen: Yiwen is Ai-ming's neighbour and close friend growing up. The two of them get involved as students in the Tiananmen Square protests where they frequently get themselves in trouble, causing Yiwen's parents to worry.
Historical contexts
Thien references numerous songs and texts from Chinese history. These include Sima Qian's "Historical Records". The title, Do Not Say We Have Nothing, is a reference to the Chinese version of the left-wing anthem: "The Internationale", which has been a staple anthem of the Chinese Communist Party after Qu Qiubai’s translation of the Russian version in 1923. Within the plot of the novel this anthem occurs at numerous points, particularly as a rallying cry for the student protesters at Tiananmen Square, at which Ai-Ming and Sparrow are present: "The people around her were weeping. At the front, the student leaders began to sing the Internationale." (Thien 438). Also referenced in the novel is the song "The East is Red", which was used as the unofficial national anthem during the Cultural Revolution within which many of the events in the Kai and Sparrow's subplots occur. Additionally, the novel refers to "Song of the Guerrillas", a Chinese anthem that describes Chinese guerrilla fighters during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In a 2017 interview, Thien created a "Book Note" playlist that included numerous musical artists who influenced her writing of the novel. These artists included J.S. Bach, Ros Sereysothea, Sinn Sisamouth, Dmitri Shostakovich, Leonard Cohen, and Sun Belt.
Awards and honours
* 2016 Man Booker Prize, shortlisted.
* 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize, won.
* 2016 Governor General's Award for English-language fiction, won.
* 2016 Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction, longlisted.
* 2017 Edward Stanford Travel Writing Awards – Writing with a Sense of Place, won.
* 2017 Bailey's Women's Prize for Fiction, shortlisted.
* 2017 Rathbones Folio Prize, shortlisted.
* 2018 Grinzane Cavour Prize, shortlisted.
Nous qui n'étions rien, a French translation of the novel by Catherine Leroux, won the Governor General's Award for English to French translation at the 2019 Governor General's Awards.
Reception
Jiayang Fan, a staff writer of The New York Times, called Do Not Say We Have Nothing "a powerfully expansive novel", specifically calling Thien's "Book of Records" the root of the novel's "remarkable authenticity". Jennifer Senior, another writer for The New York Times, wrote that the book "impresses in many senses. ... It successfully explores larger ideas about politics and art. ... It has the satisfying, epic sweep of a 19th-century Russian novel, spanning three generations and lapping up against the shores of two continents".
On a similar vein, Brian Bethune, a writer for Maclean's, called the novel "a worthy winner of the Governor General's Award". Highlighting the novel's interaction "with history and memory in [an] extraordinarily delicate fashion", Bethune claimed that "it is a story of such beauty that it provokes a paradoxical hope".
Following the announcement of the 2016 Giller Prize, Mark Medley of The Globe and Mail wrote that "while Ms. Thien has long been considered one of [Canada]'s most talented young writers, with her books receiving critical acclaim, the country's major literary awards had eluded her - until this year".
Lawrence Hill, a juror on the panel for the Giller Prize, called the novel a "beautiful look at the salvation of music and love and life in the face of genocide. It’s a huge epic novel told in an unusual way – without a single protagonist, without a single struggle. It’s a challenging book, and you have to work to read it".
Bronwyn Drainie of the Literary Review of Canada wrote that Thien "[creates] a memorial for the millions of lives lost, disappeared, shriveled or wasted during not just the years of Mao’s reign but back to the famine of 1910 and forward to the dashed hopes of Tiananmen in 1989. That is some accomplishment". | WIKI |
-- Perth Rentals of ‘Major Concern’ With 0.5% Vacancies, SQM Says
Perth’s rental property market is
“excessively tight,” with the city’s vacancy rate in March
falling 0.4 percentage point from a year ago to 0.5 percent,
according to SQM Research Pty. “Perth is now an area of major concern,” SQM Managing
Director Louis Christopher said in an e-mailed release. With the
Australian housing market “remaining sluggish, it is likely
that more and more individuals are choosing the rental market
over deciding to purchase property.” Rental vacancies across Australia rose to 1.7 percent in
March from 1.5 percent a year ago, SQM said. Melbourne had the
highest level of vacancies, at 2.9 percent, up from 2.5 percent
a year earlier. Rental yields, annual rental income as a percentage of the
purchase price, climbed to 4.8 percent for apartments and 4.2
percent for houses in Perth in March compared with 4.3 percent
and 3.6 percent in Melbourne , according to real estate
researcher RP Data. Home prices rose 1.4 percent in Perth during
the month, while falling 0.2 percent in Melbourne, and rising
0.2 percent across the nation’s eight capital cities, it said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Nichola Saminather in Sydney at
nsaminather1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andreea Papuc at
apapuc1@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Debnathsonu1996
Name = SOURAV DEBNATH ... From BALLY, HOWRAH ,WEST BENGAL , INDIA ... City Of JOY ... Bio : Photographer, Engineering Student , Animation Student ... | WIKI |
Healthy Living
Water water everywhere...but how much do you need?
water nutrition.jpg
The average person is between 55 and 60 percent water.
But how much do we really need to stay healthy?
Water in our bodies is used to cushion and lubricate joints, regulate temperature, and to nourish the spinal chord. The brain and heart are about 75 percent water, while lungs are about 83%, and even bones are 31%.
So if we’re already essentially just bags of water walking around, why do we need to drink any?
We lose about ¾ of a gallon of water per day through sweating and urination. Replacing this fluid loss is essential to avoid dehydration, which forces everything in your body to work harder and causes drops in energy, mood, blood pressure, and in extreme cases, death.
So how much water do we need per day?
It used to be conventional wisdom that 8 glasses a day was fine for everyone, but science now points to the idea that each person’s daily water intake requirements are unique to them, based on a variety of factors.
A general rule of thumb, though, is that men require about 2/3 a gallon to a gallon of water per day, while women need a half gallon to ¾ of a gallon. But this goes up or down depending on activity level and age.
Drinking water isn’t the only way to get it, either. In fact, water from food makes up about 1/5 of our daily intake. Even beverages like coffee and juice can work toward the total. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Works of Voltaire Volume 03.djvu/231
Rh take some refreshment, and the carriers to take a draught of water.
They at length reached the country of the Gangarids. The princess' heart palpitated with hope, love and joy. The phœnix stopped the vehicle before Amazan's house; but Amazan had been absent from home three hours, without any one knowing whither he had gone.
There are no words, even in the Gangaridian language, that could express Formosanta's extreme despair.
"Alas! that is what I dreaded," said the phœnix: "the three hours which you passed at the inn, upon the road to Bassora, with that wretched king of Egypt, have perhaps been at the price of the happiness of your whole life. I very much fear we have lost Amazan, without the possibility of recovering him."
He then asked the servants if he could salute the mother of Amazan? They answered, that her husband had died only two days before, and she could speak to no one. The phoenix, who was not without influence in the house, introduced the princess of Babylon into a saloon, the walls of which were covered with orange-tree wood inlaid with ivory. The inferior shepherds and shepherdesses, who were dressed in long, white garments, with gold-colored trimmings, served up, in a hundred plain porcelain baskets, a hundred various delicacies, among which no disguised carcasses were to be seen. They con- | WIKI |
Quick Answer: Can I do yoga during a water fast?
Can I do yoga while water fasting?
Fasting in a yogic context
Generally, anybody in good health can safely do a juice or water fast for 3-5 days without supervision. … Fasting may also help you gain sensitivity and intuition. All of the above create the perfect bodily environment for an enhanced yoga practice.
Is it OK to do yoga during fasting?
Gentle stretching helps to speed up the elimination of toxins. Releasing toxins can help relieve symptoms of fasting such as migraines and fatigue. During Ramadan the best time for a little yoga is just before breaking fast or 2-3 hours after iftar. Ahimsa is one of the key principles of yoga and also of fasting.
How much water should you drink on a 3 day fast?
Most people drink two to three liters of water per day during a water fast. The water fast lasts for 24–72 hours. You should not water fast for longer than this without medical supervision because of health risks.
What happens to your body on day 3 of fasting?
They found that fasting for 3 days or longer–drinking only water and eating less than 200 calories per day–can truly “reset” some components of your immune system. The research looked at both mice and humans.
IT IS INTERESTING: What is the fifth limb of Ashtanga yoga?
Is fasting for 3 days healthy?
Fasting for a few days probably won’t hurt most people who are healthy, provided they don’t get dehydrated. But fasting for long periods of time is bad for you. Your body needs vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients from food to stay healthy.
Can you drink coffee on a water fast?
No food is allowed during the fasting period, but you can drink water, coffee, tea and other non-caloric beverages. Some forms of intermittent fasting allow small amounts of low-calorie foods during the fasting period. Taking supplements is generally allowed while fasting, as long as there are no calories in them.
What can I have while fasting?
No food is allowed during the fasting period, but you can drink water, coffee, tea and other non-caloric beverages. Some forms of intermittent fasting allow small amounts of low-calorie foods during the fasting period. Taking supplements is generally allowed while fasting, as long as there are no calories in them.
What happens if you don’t eat for a week and only drink water?
Eliminating food and water intake for a significant period of time is also known as starvation. Your body can be subject to starvation after a day or two without food or water. At that time, the body starts functioning differently to reduce the amount of energy it burns. Eventually, starvation leads to death.
What are the stages of fasting?
The four phases include the fed state, early fasting state, fasting state, and long-term fasting state (starvation state). Each phase varies based on the primary source of energy used for the body, as well as how it affects your metabolism and levels of specific hormones.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many Bandhas are explained in pranayama?
Lotus position | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Handling Errors
When an exception occurs in your handler function, the RunPod SDK automatically captures it, marking the job status as FAILED and returning the exception details in the job results.
Implementing custom error responses
In certain scenarios, you might want to explicitly fail a job and provide a custom error message. For instance, if a job requires a specific input key, such as seed, you should validate this input and return a customized error message if the key is missing. Here's how you can implement this:
import runpod
def handler(job):
job_input = job["input"]
# Validate the presence of the 'seed' key in the input
if not job_input.get("seed", False):
return {
"error": "Input is missing the 'seed' key. Please include a seed and retry your request."
}
# Proceed if the input is valid
return "Input validation successful."
# Start the RunPod serverless function
runpod.serverless.start({"handler": handler})
note
Be cautious with try/except blocks in your handler function. Avoid suppressing errors unintentionally. You should either return the error for a graceful failure or raise it to flag the job as FAILED.
One design pattern to consider, is to Refresh your Worker when an error occurs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Peter Pujals
Peter Enrique Pujals (born January 23, 1995) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for Holy Cross. After going undrafted in the 2018 NFL draft, he signed with the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He also played for the Atlanta Legends of the Alliance of American Football (AAF).
College career
Pujals finished his Holy Cross career second in most statistical career categories behind Dominic Randolph. He was voted as a four-time team captain while also earned Second Team All-Patriot League honors twice and First Team once.
Minnesota Vikings
After going undrafted in the 2018 NFL draft, Pujals signed with the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) on April 28, 2018.
Pujals made his lone preseason appearance against the Tennessee Titans after not playing in the first three games. He came into the game in the fourth quarter with 5:55 remaining. He completed his first pass attempt for eight yards to Jeff Badet before throwing an incompletion and fumbling a few plays later. He ended the game by taking the final kneel downs at the end of the team's 13–3 win.
Pujals was released by the Vikings on August 31, 2018.
Atlanta Legends
Pujals was drafted in the third round of the AAF quarterback draft to the Atlanta Legends of the Alliance of American Football (AAF).
Pujals played in three games against the Arizona Hotshots, San Antonio Commanders, and Birmingham Iron. He recorded his only stats against the Commanders as he went four of six for seventeen yards.
Pujals did not start any games for the Legends and had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations prior to the end of the season. | WIKI |
Woodslane Online Catalogues
Germany's Information and Disinformation Apparatus 1932-40
- Total Espionage was first published shortly before Pearl Harbor and is fresh in its style, retaining immediacy unpolluted by the knowledge of subsequent events. It tells how the whole apparatus of the Nazi state was geared towards war by its systematic gathering of information and dissemination of disinformation. The author, a Berlin journalist, went into exile in 1933 and eventually settled in Manhattan in where he wrote for the Saturday Evening Post. He maintained a network of contacts throughout Europe and from inside the regime to garner his facts. The Nazis made use of many people and organizations: officers associations who were in touch with many who left to help organize the armies of South American countries, and in the USA there were the Friends of the New Germany. German consulates sprang up and aircraft would make unusual detours to observe interesting parts of foreign countries. News agencies and various associations dedicated to maintaining contacts with particular countries were encouraged to supply information. Film studios would send large crews abroad to shoot documentaries as well as perform acts of espionage. Foreign nationals were bribed or blackmailed; and pro-fascist groups in foreign countries were supported via the Auslandsorganization. All Germans living abroad were encouraged to report their observations to the authorities, particular attention was being focused on engineers, technicians, scientists and people in other professions who were particularly likely to obtain valuable information; however, other Germans abroad were also used, even cabaret singers, waiters, language teachers, as well as Germans travelling abroad as tourists. Germans living abroad were exempt from mobilization because of their value as spies. Foreigners were given opportunity to study in Germany, and connections with them were kept in the hope that they would one day provide useful information. All of this was Goebbels Total Espionage.
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