Document stringlengths 87 1.67M | Source stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|
Merohedral
From Online Dictionary of Crystallography
Jump to: navigation, search
Meroedrisch (Ge). Meroédrico (Sp).
Merohedral is the adjectival form of merohedry and indicates a crystal that does not possess the full point symmetry of its lattice. Merohedral twins are the result of twinning by merohedry.
Discussion
In the literature, the term merohedral twinning is often improperly used instead of twinning by merohedry. A merohedral crystal may undergo several different types of twinning and for this reason the term 'merohedral twinning' is misleading, as the following example shows.
A crystal belonging to the geometric crystal class 2 is merohedral because its lattice has at least symmetry 2/m. There are three minimal supergroups of order four of the point group 2 which correspond to three different twins.
1. Twinning by reflection across the (010) plane or by inversion: this corresponds to twinning by merohedry, twin point group 2/m'.
2. Twinning by reflection across the (100) or (001) plane: this corresponds to twinning by pseudomerohedry, twinning by reticular merohedry, or twinning by reticular pseudomerohedry if β ≠ 90º, or to twinning by metric merohedry if β = 90º; the twin point group is m′2m′.
3. Twinning by rotation about the [100] or [001] direction: this corresponds to the same types of twinning as case 2 above but the twin point group is 2′22′.
Case 1 above would be a 'merohedral twin of a merohedral crystal' while cases 2 and 3 would be 'non-merohedral twins of a merohedral crystal'.
To avoid any terminological awkwardness, the adjective merohedric has been suggested with reference to twins, but the use of the category names like twinning by merohedry remains preferable.
See also | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Embassy
Untitled comments from 2003-2004
Shouldn't embassy and consulate have separate entries? They are different (if closely related) things - stewacide
* ...went ahead and did it :)
* Is the American Embassy Welsh Affairs Office, Cardiff a Consulate, an Embassy or a "remote branch" of the Embassy? -- Chris Q 09:17 Feb 27, 2003 (UTC)
* Consulate general I would think, since an embassy is the sovereign territory not of the host but of the visiting country (I doubt that applies in the case of the Cardiff office) and is (almost) always located in the country's capital (i.e. London).
* Some of these rules are bent in the case of Commonwealth countries however (since many of them have the same head of state they can't have 'ambassadors' for example, and instead have 'high commissioners' or something like that) - stewacide 09:47 Feb 27, 2003 (UTC)
* I donno--<IP_ADDRESS> 00:16, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
As far as I know, it is not correct to say, that an embassy is not part of the territory of the host country anymore. It is just exempt from local law, that's it! Gugganij 16:03, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC)
Diplomatic mission
This article should be merged into Diplomatic mission, the more general term covering both embassies and high commissions (which as noted here are functionally completely identical). Jpatokal 05:55, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* I oppose the merge. Embassy is an important article. It's like merging the article eagle with bird. Embassy exists in over 20 other Wikipedia languagues. It is unthinkable it doesn't exist in english.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:14, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
* You're confusing a dictionary with an encyclopedia. Someone looking for information on an embassy will find what they need in the other article and not this one. Hence the redirect. Domdeparis (talk) 04:26, 18 May 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Volkswagen records sharp 2015 loss on emissions scandal
Volkswagen on Friday reported heavy losses for 2015 as the fallout from the emissions scandal which has engulfed the carmaker took its toll. The net loss for last year stood at 1.582 billion euros ($1.77 billion). Shares in the group dropped 6 percent following the news. The firm said the cost of provisions to cover the emissions scandal had risen to 16.2 billion euros from a previous estimate of 6.7 billion euros. It expected 2016 sales revenue for the Volkswagen Group to be down by as much as 5 percent year-on-year. Volkswagen had delayed the release of 2015 earnings until Friday due to uncertainty surrounding the emissions rigging scandal. It proposed a dividend of 0.11 euros per share for 2015, down from 4.8 euros per common share for 2015. Volkswagen's supervisory board has hired law firm Jones Day to lead an investigation into the emissions scandal, and said the report was "far advanced". It could however not yet publish the results of its preliminary investigation. Jones Day expects to complete the probe in the fourth quarter. In a statement, Volkswagen said it regretted that it had to move away from its original plan to disclose interim results of the investigation by the end of April. It said the delay was due to proceedings involving Volkswagen and the diesel matter in the United States. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ANSYS Fluent examples
cfd simulation
Introduction
ANSYS Fluent examples: In the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), ANSYS Fluent is known as a transformative and effective factor. This introduction sets the scene by providing a brief overview of ANSYS Fluent and highlighting the important role of examples in understanding its complex applications. As engineers and researchers increasingly turn to simulation software for various mechanical applications, a thorough understanding of ANSYS Fluent is essential. The purpose of presenting this introduction is to draw the reader’s attention and not only implies the importance of the software, but also implies the key role that practical examples play in explaining its complexities. At the end of this article, readers are expected to discover and reveal the subtle and fascinating world of ANSYS Fluent through reflection and exploration in real-world examples.
CFD analysis of turbine
Understanding ANSYS Fluent
Delving further into the deep world of this article, the Understanding ANSYS Fluent section provides an extensive survey of the software’s capabilities. ANSYS Fluent is not just a tool, but an efficient platform for simulating fluid flow, heat transfer and related phenomena. This section describes the features that set ANSYS Fluent apart from the rest and make it a first choice among many industries in this field. From the user-friendly user interface to the intricate details of its simulation algorithms, readers will find reasons why ANSYS Fluent dominates CFD. At the end of this section, the reader should have a basic and correct understanding of ANSYS Fluent’s capabilities and its potential to revolutionize the field of simulation.
Why Examples Matter
With a seamless transition, this article addresses the fundamental issue of why examples are important in the context of ANSYS Fluent. While experiential knowledge creates this context, application and practical knowledge through examples is like a bridge between understanding and skill. In this section, we discuss the educational value of examples, and this article continues on their role in simplifying concepts that are complex. Are, he emphasizes. Real-world scenarios analyzed and explored by ANSYS Fluent are understood through understandable examples, providing readers with an engaging and relevant learning experience. At the end of this section, the reader is expected to understand the symbiotic relationship between examples and practice and understand the important and practical role that examples play in mastering and learning ANSYS Fluent.
Setting Up Your First Simulation
The Getting Started section is the first step in the simulation that takes readers on a hands-on journey, revealing the basics of how to work with ANSYS Fluent. Navigating a simulation software can seem difficult and intimidating, especially for beginners, and the purpose of this upcoming section is to alleviate any trepidation faced. A step-by-step guide ensures readers can start their first simulation with confidence. From understanding the user interface to configuring basic parameters, users are empowered to begin their ANSYS Fluent journey in a big way. Empirical evidence aids and comprehensible explanations are present at each stage, creating a user-friendly atmosphere that increases the user’s motivation for practical research. Now at the end of this section, readers, especially those new to ANSYS Fluent, should feel motivated and encouraged to effectively launch their initial simulations and move toward larger goals.
Basic Fluid Flow Simulations
Entering the realm of ANSYS Fluent capabilities, the Basic Fluid Flow Simulation section serves as the foundation for understanding the basic applications of the software. Fluid dynamics is one of the main and fixed principles of countless engineering disciplines, and ANSYS Fluent is very effective in launching and highlighting these complex phenomena through simulation. This section introduces readers to the fundamentals of fluid flow simulation, from the Navier-Stokes equations to complex meshing surfaces. Using an informative level, readers are guided through real-world examples that demonstrate empirical evidence of fluid dynamics simulations using ANSYS Fluent. Whether it is understanding the behaviour of fluids in a pipeline or predicting aerodynamic forces on an object, the clear explanations provided in this section will provide readers with a thorough understanding of ANSYS Fluent’s capabilities in managing basic fluid flow simulations.
Heat Transfer Simulations
Moving beyond fluid dynamics, the Heat Transfer Simulations section also examines the thermal aspects that ANSYS Fluent applies to simulations. Heat transfer is very important and necessary in various industries, from electronics to manufacturing. ANSYS Fluent facilitates the analysis of heat exchange scenarios accurately and well. In this section, the complexities of simulating heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation are discussed. Its real-world applications, such as thermal management in electronic devices or optimization of industrial processes, are illustrated through examples and theories. At the end of this section, dear readers will appreciate the role of ANSYS Fluent in predicting and optimizing its performance in heat transfer scenarios, which is critical for engineers and researchers working on thermal challenges in various fields.
heat exchanger, cfd simulation
Combustion Modeling
Moving to a more complex level, the Combustion Modeling section demonstrates ANSYS Fluent’s skill in managing and controlling complex chemical reactions and heat release phenomena. Combustion is a very widely used process in various industries, from energy production to propulsion systems. ANSYS Fluent enables users to simulate and analyse combustion scenarios with extreme accuracy. This section provides an overview of the principles of combustion modeling, from defining reactants to understanding how a flame propagates. Real-world examples, such as combustion in internal combustion engines or industrial burners, demonstrate theoretical concepts experimentally. By the end of this section, readers should have an understanding of the extensive capabilities of ANSYS Fluent in dealing with the challenges that arise from combustion modeling.
Multiphase Flow Simulations
Entering the multifaceted world of multiphase flow simulations, this section explores ANSYS Fluent’s ability to simulate scenarios involving liquids, gases, and solids simultaneously. Many real-world processes involve multiple phases working together, and ANSYS Fluent provides a powerful platform for understanding how it works and predicting these complex phenomena. Readers are introduced to the principles of multiphase flow, from the basics of Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches to the modeling of interphase interactions. Real-world examples, such as sediment transport in rivers or the behavior of gas-liquid mixtures in pipelines, provide a scientific perspective on multiphase flow simulation applications. At the end of this section, readers are expected to understand the versatility and flexibility of ANSYS Fluent in handling the challenges we face in multiphase systems in various industries.
Turbulence Modeling
Moving through the intricacies of fluid dynamics, the modeling section illustrates the critical role ANSYS Fluent plays in understanding and simulating turbulent flows. Turbulence, characterized by chaotic and unpredictable fluid motion, is a pervasive yet challenging aspect of fluid dynamics. ANSYS Fluent excels in providing advanced turbulence modeling capabilities, enabling engineers and researchers to gain useful insight into the complex behaviour of turbulent flows. Industrial is paid. Through ANSYS Fluent examples, readers are guided through the process of setting up simulations that accurately capture the behaviour of turbulent phenomena. Real-world scenarios such as air flow around an airplane wing or turbulent mixing in chemical reactors are common examples and provide a good understanding of ANSYS Fluent’s capabilities in managing turbulence modeling.
greenhouse
Coupled Physics Simulations
The real world rarely presents discrete phenomena, and the Coupled Physics Simulations section looks at how ANSYS Fluent deals with complex coupled physical processes. ANSYS Fluent goes beyond previous simulations and allows users to model and investigate the coupling of various physics phenomena, such as fluid flow with heat transfer or chemical reactions. In this section, readers are introduced to the concept of coupled physics simulations. And provides detailed and complete examples that demonstrate the software’s capacity to simulate processes between multiple physical phenomena. Real-world scenarios, such as the heating of a solid body in a moving fluid or the combustion of a fuel mixture, demonstrate the versatility of ANSYS Fluent in handling this system between different physical aspects. By the end of this section, readers should now be aware of the power of ANSYS Fluent in providing a comprehensive approach to simulation, which is very important for understanding complex real-world scenarios.
Optimizing Simulations
Examples from ANSYS Fluent: Productivity is important in the world of simulation, and the Optimization of Simulations section provides important solutions for getting the most out of ANSYS Fluent. From mesh optimization to solver settings, this part of the system provides effective tips and tricks for users to increase the performance and accuracy of their simulations. ANSYS Fluent provides many options for customization, and it is important to understand how to optimize these settings to achieve reliable and reliable results. Through the detailed and complete examples provided, readers will obtain guidance and guidelines for optimizing simulations for various scenarios and be assured that computational resources will be used efficiently. In addition to enabling users to use the software more efficiently, this section also demonstrates the importance of careful optimization in achieving reliable and timely simulation results. By the end of this section, readers should feel that they have the ability to fine-tune their simulations for proper performance, balancing accuracy and efficiency.
Common Challenges and Solutions
There is no software that does not face challenges, and here the Common Challenges and Solutions section addresses obstacles that users may encounter in their ANSYS Fluent simulation processes. There are various issues, from meshing issues to convergence issues. This section provides practical solutions to common challenges in the process and provides a smoother simulation experience. Through real-world examples, readers gain new perspectives on troubleshooting techniques, empowering them to overcome challenges independently. Being accurate and building confidence in addressing common challenges also builds trust among users and reassures them that the problems they encounter during the simulation process are completely normal and a natural part of the process. Here we come to the end of this section, and readers are expected not only to be aware of the challenges of this path, but also to be equipped with their effective and practical solutions and to improve their general skills in this field.
Advanced Applications
Entering the realm of ANSYS Fluent, which has more complexity, the Advanced Applications section demonstrates the capacity and ability of this software to solve complex challenges that exist in various industries. ANSYS Fluent is not just a tool for basic-level simulations. This program responds to all kinds of complexities related to specific applications in aerospace, automotive, energy, etc. This section looks at specific industry examples and shows how ANSYS Fluent can play an essential and efficient role in solving those engineering problems that are advanced. There are many examples, from optimizing the aerodynamics of an airplane wing to simulating combustion processes. With one powerful engine, readers are guided through a diverse range of applications. Through these examples, the purpose of this section is to make users understand the depth of ANSYS Fluent’s capabilities, emphasizing its efficiency to meet the needs of advanced engineering challenges.
CFD for HVAC
Future Trends in CFD and ANSYS Fluent
Looking at the high levels of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the upcoming section on future evolutions and navigation explores how ANSYS Fluent is at the heart of emerging technologies. As industries progress, the industry demand for more sophisticated simulation tools to meet more complex needs also increases. ANSYS Fluent continues to adapt and unify artificial intelligence, automation, and other advanced technologies. This section provides readers with an overview of future trends in CFD and how ANSYS Fluent will be shaped by these developments. Ranging from productivity enhancements from machine learning algorithms for faster simulation to virtual reality integration for immersive analysis of these topics, readers get a glimpse of the exciting possibilities at higher levels that will be accessible. By the end of this section, readers should be equipped with a forward-looking perspective and an understanding of how ANSYS Fluent remains a dynamic and efficient force in the ever-evolving industry of computational fluid dynamics.
Conclusion
Ending this useful journey, the conclusion presented at the end captures the general nature of the paper and emphasizes the importance of ANSYS Fluent examples in the field of simulation. It serves as a summary of the software’s versatility, from basic fluid flow simulations to addressing advanced challenges faced by this and other industries. The importance of practical examples is emphasized, along with the features that users like in ANSYS Fluent. Readers are encouraged to further explore and apply ANSYS Fluent in their respective fields using the knowledge gained through this article. The conclusion serves as an incentive to act on what has been learned and invites readers to embark on their own simulation adventures, armed with the actionable insights and understanding gained throughout this paper.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
63rd
63rd may refer to:
* Metro stations
* Ashland/63rd (CTA station), on the Green Line
* East 63rd-Cottage Grove (CTA), on the Green Line
* 63rd (CTA Red Line), on the Red Line
* 63rd Street station (SEPTA Market–Frankford Line) on the Market-Frankford Line in West Philadelphia
* Railroad stations
* 63rd Street (Metra station) an electric commuter railroad shared by the Metra Electric service and South Shore Line (NICTD) in Chicago
* Trolley stops
* 63rd and Malvern Loop (SEPTA station) a terminus of one of the SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines in Northwest Philadelphia
* 63rd Street station (SEPTA Route 15), a SEPTA Route 15 trolley stop in Carrol Park, Philadelphia
* Metro lines
* 63rd Street Line of the New York City Subway, two lines served by multiple services | WIKI |
Talk:Old English grammar
Preterite-Present Verbs
I'm curious to know why "wit" and "owe" aren't considered to have survived into Modern English.--Jr mints 22:21, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
* The article says they didn't survive as preterito-present verbs, which is true. "Wit" is a noun and "owe" is a regular verb. —Angr 22:39, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
* "Wit" is a verb with preterite-present past tense "wist". "Owe" maintains it's preterite-present past tense "ought" in the modal sense. Even "dow" is listed in my extremely modest collegiate dictionary with the past tense "dought".--Jr mints 17:26, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
* I think it's a stretch to say those have survived into Modern English. —Angr 19:48, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
* They are, perhaps, not widely used in the last hudred years, but isn't it better to edge on the side of teaching something new than leaving something untought?--Jr mints 20:56, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
* Last four hundred, more like. But perhaps we can hammer something out to make it clear that wit, owe, and dow survived past Middle English as preterite-present verbs, but that nowadays owe is a regular verb, its original past tense ought has been semantically divorced from it, and wit (as a verb) and dow are completely obsolete. —Angr 21:08, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
* Honestly, if anyone is actually checking out a page entitled "Old English morphology", I doubt they will be greatly discomfitted at seeing some rare words. What's more, I don't think we have to worry about anyone mistaking these words for ones in common use. At best, their inclusion may help someone better understand certain apparent eccentricities in English, and at worst, a reader will have to look over some non-essential information.--Jr mints 17:02, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
* Also, it occurs to me, if someone wants information on Old English morphology, that the current etymological status of the words is irrelevent and that more examples would be better than less. So, whether we agree to mention modern reletives or not, why don't we include the conjugations of the other preterite-present verbs?--Jr mints 17:13, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
Partial move to Old English declension
I was bold, and moved a lot of text to Old English declension, which seemed like a more appropriate article for it. FilipeS (talk) 18:17, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
definite article
It strikes me that there is apparently no definite article in Old English - at least there is no mention of it here and in the realted wiki articles. Could anyone write something about it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:44, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
* It's discussed at Old English declension. —Angr 22:04, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
Found it. [11.02.2009, 12:50] —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:50, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
Strong versus weak nouns
I have just cited this article in a discussion about linguistics and been lambasted; Wikipedia was referred to dismissively as "wrongopedia". Is the mention of strong versus weak nouns here not the wrong way round? Strong nouns have their own endings and plurals, like strong verbs not following standard conjugation, surely? Liam Proven (talk) 11:19, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
* The paragraph about strong and weak nouns in this article isn't exactly wrong, it just doesn't say anything useful. I'm not sure what "Weak nouns have their own endings" is even supposed to mean, unless all that's meant is that weak nouns have different endings from strong nouns. "In general, weak nouns are easier than strong nouns, since they had begun to lose their declensional system" doesn't make much sense either - how are weak nouns "easier" than strong nouns? Easier for the modern student to learn, probably, but that's not a terribly scholarly way of looking at things, and I don't think it's accurate to say "they had begun to lose their declensional system" either. The weak nouns had a lot of syncretism, but that doesn't mean the declensional system is falling apart. Finally, it isn't clear what "However, there is a great deal of overlap between the various classes of noun: they are not totally distinct from one another" is trying to say. It sounds like it means there's a lot of overlap between the strong endings and the weak endings, and that just isn't true: weak neuters end in -e in the nom./acc. sg., and so do some strong neuters; otherwise the only place where the two declensions are the same is in the dative plural in -um. Or does it mean that many nouns can be declined either weak or strong? That may be true; I don't know. Anyway, we get the facts right at Old English declension, so we're not completely "Wrongopedia"! +Angr 11:58, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
sindon and wesan
I am far from being a professional linguist, and I do not know much about the subject, but isn't the classification of sindon and wesan as two distinct verbs? As far as I am concerned, the verb 'to be' as we know it nowadays originates from three distinct PIE verbs: *h₁es-, *er- and bʰew-. Long story short, *h₁es- becomes *wes- in (Pre-)PGmc, giving birth to PGmc *wesanan, from which present English 'am', 'is' come, as well as all the obvious preterite forms, except for the past participle. Regarding OE (and OHG, etc.), the s- forms (seon, sind, etc) are also the same *wesanan verb. Let's consider the 3rd person plural: PIE *h₁sénti -> PRE PGmc *wsénti -> PGmc sindi -> OE sind. These set of sound changes occured mostly on the PGmc period. But what I am trying to say is that there is no separate 'sindon' stem - it is wesanan. The same happens for the 1st person singular: PIE *h₁ésmi -> Pre PGmc wésmi -> PGmc immi -> OE eom. And finally, for the third person singular: PIE *h₁ésti -> Pre PGmc *wésti -> PGmc *isti -> OE is (OHG ist, Latin est).
I am not going to elaborate more because it is out of scope, but PIE *er- developed into PGmc *arun- which originated OE earon/are. And PIE bʰew- mutated into PGmc beunan -> OE beo. So actually, the three PGmc verbs from which OE to be comes from are: wesanan, beo and (at a later point) *arun.
Would this be the case to correct the table on the article? Roquetto (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:35, 14 June 2011 (UTC).
* The *wes- stem is not from *h₁es-, but from the PIE root *wes- "to remain" (cf. Sanskrit vasati "stays, remains"). In your derivations above, there's no phonological way for the w to appear and disappear as you show it doing. The root whose existence is uncertain is *er-; some people derive all Germanic er- forms from Vernerized versions of *h₁es-, while others say *h₁er- is a separate root. —Angr (talk) 15:44, 14 June 2011 (UTC)
* You absolutely are right. I went to look it up again, and I realized I confused *h₁és- with *h₂wes-. My bad. And the right derivations for sindon (according to "From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic") would be then:
* {| class="wikitable"
! !! PIE !! !! PGmc
* 1sg. || *h₁esmi || > *ezmi > *izmi > || *immi
* 2sg. || *h₁esi || > *ezi > || *izi
* 3sg. || *h₁esti || > || *isti
* 3pl. || *h₁senti || > *senþi > *sendi > || *sindi
* }
* As for Germanic er-, being a separated root or not in PIE is irrelevant for the discussion, isn't it? Afaik (but again, I know very little) it was already a distinct verb, *arun- (supposing it also derived from *h₁es-) in PGmc state, which gave birth to OE forms eart and earon (cf. ON erun, Swedish är). Is that correct? However, what I have commonly read is that *arun- comes from from the third person plural preterite indicative form of *iranan ("to rise, be quick, become active"). If that is correct, shouldn't we add another column for this root, and move.2sg eart to it, and also add earon? Roquetto (talk) 07:13, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
* 3pl. || *h₁senti || > *senþi > *sendi > || *sindi
* }
* As for Germanic er-, being a separated root or not in PIE is irrelevant for the discussion, isn't it? Afaik (but again, I know very little) it was already a distinct verb, *arun- (supposing it also derived from *h₁es-) in PGmc state, which gave birth to OE forms eart and earon (cf. ON erun, Swedish är). Is that correct? However, what I have commonly read is that *arun- comes from from the third person plural preterite indicative form of *iranan ("to rise, be quick, become active"). If that is correct, shouldn't we add another column for this root, and move.2sg eart to it, and also add earon? Roquetto (talk) 07:13, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
* }
* As for Germanic er-, being a separated root or not in PIE is irrelevant for the discussion, isn't it? Afaik (but again, I know very little) it was already a distinct verb, *arun- (supposing it also derived from *h₁es-) in PGmc state, which gave birth to OE forms eart and earon (cf. ON erun, Swedish är). Is that correct? However, what I have commonly read is that *arun- comes from from the third person plural preterite indicative form of *iranan ("to rise, be quick, become active"). If that is correct, shouldn't we add another column for this root, and move.2sg eart to it, and also add earon? Roquetto (talk) 07:13, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
Additional remark: In the Netherlandish and German language the verbs 'zijn/sein' en 'wezen/wesen' are blended together. In the Liemers region in the Netherlands on the border to Germany, where I was born and raised, we originally used zin/zint in the present tense: ik zin, gi'j zint, hi'j/'zi'j/'t is, wi'j zin, gillie zint, zillie zint (i'j = ay) and otherwise 'wêzen' (wezen/wesen) is used. In the Liemers region they did not use regular Netherlands 'ik ben' (I am, in German 'ich bin'), nor the modern popular dialect form bun(t), which is nowadays in use for the present tense, where originally zin(t) was used.Amand Keultjes (talk) 20:23, 11 November 2016 (UTC)
Undiscussed page move
Why was this page moved without discussion? This article is only about the morphology of Old English, not the entire grammar. The grammar of a language includes not only its morphology, but also its syntax and phonology. Angr (talk) 06:31, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
* Sorry, I thought this wouldn't be problematic. Nearly all other languages on Wikipedia have a page called "X grammar", not "X morphology". Take a look at Category:Grammars_of_specific_languages. Typically these pages include morphology and syntax (not phonology). There was no page at all on Old English syntax and I went ahead and added some stuff on its syntax, so now it indeed is a page on Old English grammar. Benwing (talk) 22:20, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
* And I added a brief summary of the phonology article (actually, I just copied the lead) and added a link. I guess it's okay as long as the article doesn't get too big. But if the article starts approaching 100,000 bytes or something, it should probably be split back up into Old English morphology and Old English syntax. The page move also created a whole mess of double-redirects that need to be fixed. Angr (talk) 22:37, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
* The double redirects will fix themselves within a day (if they haven't been fixed already), since there's a bot to do this. Formerly some stuff on Old English declension, pronouns, prepositions, etc. was split across a bunch of small articles, and mixed in with stuff that belonged elsewhere (e.g. History of the English language); I unified them. I think it's better to keep this stuff together as long as the size don't get really out of control; otherwise we just end up with lots of duplicated information in inconsistent styles, and the little pages don't get maintained, and people who are browsing are less likely to see the relevant info because of the way it's spread out. Benwing (talk) 05:04, 1 September 2011 (UTC)
relevance of sun/moon gender examples?
Sunne and mōna appear to be given as examples of Old English words whose grammatical gender does not correspond to their "natural gender". But how can astronomical bodies have gender at all? Is it supposed to be surprising that the sun is feminine rather than an expected masculine? Why would we expect the sun to be either? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:37, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
* Does neuter count as a natural gender? Angr (talk) 18:28, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
* The point is precisely that: the sun and moon have no literal gender, yet in old English sunne and mōna are feminine and masculine respectively. Perhaps the term "natural gender" is a bit misleading, as inanimate objects have no gender in the sense of biological sex, but I think the examples are still relevant precisely because it shows that grammatical gender in Old English was not necessarily semantically related to the object to which it was assigned. As such, the pronoun used for sunne was not hit, but heo (unlike in Modern English, which would describe the sun as an "it"). I hope that clears it up a bit. Latinamnonvoco (talk) 19:26, 30 August 2013 (UTC)
article title capitalization?
is it against guidelines to have "grammar" not capitalized? i'd think the title should be "Old English Grammar". i don't find this in the wikipedia format docs, please let me know whether i'm wrong or i'll do the change. Harlequence (talk) 00:05, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* No, because "grammar" is not a proper noun; see WP:TITLEFORMAT for more info. Mild Bill Hiccup (talk) 00:38, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
Latin
The comparison between Old English and Latin in morphological terms is pointless. The comparison between the two principal West Germanic languages would be more appropriate, especially since one of them (German), for various reasons, has retained a good deal of its morphology. If one were to quantify morphology, one would soon find that the morphology of Latin is considerably greater than both of the Germanic languages, apart of course from the definite article, which is absent in Classical Latin. Pamour (talk) 20:19, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
* I can't find what comparison between Old English and Latin in morphological terms you are referring to. —teb728 t c 05:01, 7 July 2013 (UTC)
This one: 'The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected, similar to Latin.' I understand the curious construction 'predominantly by being much ...' to mean 'mainly because it is much ...'. The word 'similar' usually indicates a comparison (Pamour (talk) 21:58, 9 July 2013 (UTC)).
* Perhaps the intent was to compare it to a well-known highly inflected language. I see your point with regards to morphology, however. Moreover, the introduction immediately compares Old English to modern Icelandic and German (which are, as you pointed out in the case of German, much more relevant examples), so the reference to Latin is really rather unnecessary for more than one reason. I don't believe the quality of this article would suffer if that brief comparison were removed, so I'll go ahead and do that. Latinamnonvoco (talk) 19:35, 30 August 2013 (UTC)
Word order
I think a sentence such 'He gave the men new shoes and the women' is probably understandable, and by the simple addition of 'too' after 'the women' would leave no room for doubt as to the meaning. Inversion: of the various examples provided only the ones with negative words (implicit or explicit) have an invariable 'verb-subject' order; utterances with non-negative adverbs can be, and in my experience usually are, constructed using the standard 'subject-verb' pattern, except perhaps in prose and poetry of indifferent quality.(Pamour (talk) 21:51, 9 July 2013 (UTC))
Prepositions
"Prepositions may govern the accusative, genitive, dative or instrumental cases - the question of which is beyond the scope of this article." How's that? This article covers Old English grammar, and the property of certain prepositions or the rules by which various cases are used belong to the realm of grammar. Perhaps the author felt a description of this would make the page too long, but I don't think so: Wikipedia is not paper and the article is not so exceptionally long that it can't bear any more expansions. Steinbach (talk) 13:39, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
Third person pronoun confusion
I've just tidied up the tables in the Pronouns section a bit. However, I've noticed an anomaly. The third person singular has masculine, neuter and feminine forms. However, the third person plural has only masculine and feminine forms. What happens when one wants to talk of multiple neuter entities, or multiple entities that are of different genders? — Smjg (talk) 15:54, 13 December 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Old English grammar. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
* Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/inflpron.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 07:47, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
Prepositions: scholastic remarks voor correction and improvement
Amand Keultjes (talk) 20:00, 11 November 2016 (UTC)
* 1. The preposition 'and' is not cognate to Netherlandish -I hate the terms Dutch and Holland!- 'aan'. Netherlandish 'aan', with variations 'aon' and 'an', is cognate to English 'on' and German 'an'. The preposition 'and' is nevertheless cognate to the Netherlandish prefix ant-/ont-, like in antwoord (answer) and ontwerp (design) and to German ant-/ent-, like in Antwort (answer) and Entwurf (design) as well as cognate to the well known Greek preposition ἀντὶ/ἀνθ'.
* 2. The preposition 'andlang' basically is still in use in the German language in its German, cognate form 'entlang'.
* 3. The proposition 'be'/'bi' is also cognate tot the Netherlandish preposition 'bij', with dialect variations sounding like bay/bee.
* 4. The preposition 'būfan' is cognate to the Netherlandish preposition/adverb 'boven'.
* 5. The preposition 'innan' looks definitely like a cognate to the German adverb 'innen'. In both the Netherlandish as well as the German language/dialects adverbs are very often in use as variations on the prepositions they are actually derived from.
* 6. The preposition 'mid' is cognate to the German preposition 'mit', the Netherlandish preposition 'met' and the (archaic) Netherlandish prefix/adverb 'mede'.
* 7. The preposition 'neāh' is directly cognate to German nah(e)/nach like in 'Nachbar' (neighbour) and to Netherlandish 'na' like in archaic 'nabuur' (neighbour). The original meaning of these words is near (to).
* 8. The preposition 'nefne' (except) is cognate to German 'neben' and the Netherlandish prefix 'neven', also a Netherlandish dialect proposition with variation 'nêven'. The German/Netherlandish word has the meaning next to/together with/ except for/compared to.
* 9. The preposition 'samod' is cognate to the German preposition 'samt' meaning (together) with.
Question about the word walan/wala/walu
I've been trying to figure figure out a grammatical question for the Sutton Hoo helmet article, and wonder if anyone here might have an idea? The article discusses the word wala (or walu), which appears in Beowulf at line 1031 as walan. The manuscript reading is said to offer grammatical problems (e.g., note on lines 1030–1), and has traditionally been emended to wala or walu (e.g., note on line 1031). I would like to add a note to the article on the helmet about this, but am struggling to conceptualize the differences. Reading that one is a "strong feminine" noun, for example, as opposed to a "weak masculine," offers a specific answer that still leaves me confused. Is there a chance you would be able to explain why walan is incorrect; why wala or walu would solve this problem; and what the substantive differences are between wala and walu? Thanks! --Usernameunique (talk) 03:40, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
Hē ġrētt þone fanan mid būtan āne fingre
Is that an actual OE sentence from texts, or an original composition? If it's a modern-day joke, it's a bit distracting and I'm not sure it lands. Can we stick to using sentences from texts? Slac speak up! 03:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
Speculation about third person plural dative
"Many of the forms above bear a strong resemblance to the Modern English words they eventually became. For instance, in the genitive case, ēower became 'your', ūre became 'our', and mīn became 'my'. However, in stressed positions, the plural third-person personal pronouns were all replaced with Old Norse forms during the Middle English period, yielding 'they', 'them' and 'their'. (The Old English dative pronoun is retained as unstressed 'em.)"
This statement is unsourced, and I cannot find a source for it. It seems equally likely, if not more likely, that 'em is simply a contraction of Modern English "them", rather than a retention of an archaic Old English dative plural "him". Stian (talk) 19:02, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
Passive voice
Can we have a section outlining the OE passive voice? – Dyolf87 (talk) 14:02, 18 July 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Uzel (computer)
Uzel was the Soviet Union's first digital computer used on submarines, to assist in tracking multiple targets and calculate torpedo solutions. Uzel's design team was headed by two American defectors to the Soviet Union, Alfred Sarant (a.k.a. Philip Staros) and Joel Barr (a.k.a. Joseph Berg). An upgraded version of the Uzel computer is still in use on the Kilo class submarine today. | WIKI |
Paradoxes of probabilistic programming
Jules Jacobs
Date: Wed, November 25, 2020
Time: 12:00
Room: Jules' Zoom Room
Probabilistic programming languages allow programmers to write down conditional probability distributions that represent statistical and machine learning models as programs that use observe statements. These programs are run by accumulating likelihood at each observe statement, and using the likelihood to steer random choices and weigh results with inference algorithms such as importance sampling or MCMC. We argue that naive likelihood accumulation does not give desirable semantics and leads to paradoxes when an observe statement is used to condition on a measure-zero event, particularly when the observe statement is executed conditionally on random data. We show that the paradoxes disappear if we explicitly model measure-zero events as a limit of positive measure events, and that we can execute these type of probabilistic programs by accumulating infinitesimal probabilities rather than probability densities. Our extension improves probabilistic programming languages as an executable notation for probability distributions by making it more well-behaved and more expressive, by allowing the programmer to be explicit about which limit is intended when conditioning on an event of measure zero.
Previous: Casper Bach Poulsen |
Next: | | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Aboriginesofvictoria01.djvu/180
instincts which govern the behaviour of the lower animals in the treatment of their young seem to prevail, with some modifications, in all communities of savages. If produced at the wrong time, or at the wrong place, the young are neglected or destroyed; if burdensome, they are abandoned. And yet, stronger than the maternal love of the tigress or the lioness is that of the Australian Aboriginal woman for a favorite child. She will die in an effort to preserve it, and as willingly suffer the pangs of hunger, and the prolonged misery of hard travel, to secure it from injury. When one which she has loved dies, she keeps it still. Its little body is placed in a bag, and she carries it, together with all that her master and husband may order her to bear, for days and days through the forest, weeping now and again, as the senseless body beats against her sides, and seems to chide her for the roughness of the passage. At the camp at night it is put in a safe place, and not the most frivolous amongst the young men would dare to exhibit by look or gesture his disapproval of the sacred duty of the mother.
If the loads which she has to carry become inconvenient, the mother will unpack the bag containing her child, break its bones with a stone hammer, re-pack the remains, and take them with her, even when the stench of the dead body is so offensive as to keep her friends at a distance.
When other ties and other duties make it impossible for the mother any longer to keep the relics near her person, they are disposed of either by burial, by hiding them in the hollow of a tree, or by committing them to the flames of the funeral pile.
Not less is the regard paid to a deceased person of importance. The hands are cut off; and the two nearest relatives carry these mementos, and hold them sacred, and thus give evidence of the existence in their minds of feelings and thoughts and imaginings which the untravelled European would fain limit to the better educated and the more highly organized of our species.
The modes of disposing of the dead, and the observances on the near decease of a member of a tribe who is esteemed or feared, are various. Not one tribe has exactly the same customs as another. | WIKI |
Eacock v. The State.
[No. 20,936.
Filed December 12, 1907.]
1. Statutes.—Subsequent Change.—Crimes.—Procedure.—A prosecution based upon acts committed in 1904 was not affected nor •governed by the act of 1905 (Acts 1905, p. 584, §1806 et seq. Burns 1908) codifying the law of crimes and criminal procedure, p. 491.
2. Blackmailing.—Definition.—The crime of blackmailing consists in the extortion from another of money or thing of value by means of menaces of personal injury or by threats of accusing another of crime or of conduct which, if true, would tend to degrade and disgrace, p. 492.
3. Indictment and Information.—Conspiracy to Commit Felony. —An indictment for a conspiracy to commit a felony must set forth the elements of the felony intended as fully as an indictment for such felony itself, p. 492.
4. Evidence.—Guilty Knoioledge.—Intent.—Other Similar Crimes. —In a prosecution for conspiracy to blackmail, evidence concerning other alleged conspiracies to blackmail, engaged in by defendant, is admissible as tending to show guilty knowledge, intent and motive, p. 492.
5. Trial.—Instructions.—Limiting Evidence.—Conspiracy to Blackmail.—Similar Crimes.—An instruction in a prosecution for conspiracy to blackmail, charging that the evidence of defendant’s commission of other similar crimes was not evidence that the conspiracy charged was formed, but that such evidence should only be considered to determine intent and motive, and then only ■ after the jury were convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the alleged conspiracy had been formed, is correct, p. 493.
¡6. Evidence.—Letters.—Conspiracy to Blackmail.—In a prosecution for conspiracy to blackmail by the use of verbal threats, a letter, written by defendant to the prosecuting wdtness, calling for an immediate meeting between such witness and defendant for the purpose of an alleged settlement, is admissible to illustrate the purpose of the meeting held in accordance therewith, and as throwing light on the statements made thereat, p. 493.
7. Same.—Acts and Declarations of Conspirators.—After prima facie proof of a conspiracy, the acts and declarations of conspirators, in pursuance of the plan and with reference to the common object, are admissible against any one thereof; and the rule is the same regardless of when one becomes a party to such conspiracy, p. 498.
8. Evidence.—Inducing Witnesses to be Absent from Trial.—Evidence that defendant, by his attorney or others induced, by the use of money, ■ or otherwise, adverse witnesses to absent themselves from his trial, is admissible against him. p. 499.
9. Same.—Connivance of Defendant to Induce Witnesses to be Ab sent.—Whether the defendant connived with others to induce adverse witnesses to absent themselves from his trial is a question of fact for the jury; and the jury is not concluded by the judge’s admission of evidence admitted upon a mere prima facie showing of such connivance, the rule being the same as in cases of conspiracy, p. 5U0.
10. Trial.—Instructions.—Procuring Absence of Adverse Witnesses.—Admissibility of Evidence for Judge.—An instruction that if the jury find that defendant was not a party to the absenting of adverse witnesses, what was said and done in reference thereto should not be considered against him, is not bad as making the jury the judges of the admissibility of the evidence, p. 500.
11. Evidence.—Improper Relations.—Blackmail.—In a prosecution for conspiracy to blackmail, the charge being that defendant and a certain married woman extorted money, on behalf of such woman’s husband and herself, from the prosecuting witness because of alleged improper conduct with such woman, evidence of such alleged improper conduct is not admissible in defense, p. 500.
12. Witnesses. — Cross-Examination. — Limiting. —Discretion of Trial Court.-—It is not error for the trial judge to limit the cross-examination of a witness to the subject covered by the examination in chief, the procedure being to make the witness the cross-examining party’s own, and interrogate him in chief as to such outside matters, p. 501.
13. Same.—Cross-Examination.—Abuse of Discretion.—Appeal.— A trial judgment will be reversed for the improper limitation of the right to cross-examine only where there has been an abuse of discretion, such limitation being a matter in the legal discretion of the trial judge, p. 501.
14. Trial.—Instructions.—Row Considered,.—The instructions in a ease must be considered in reference to each other; and if the case has been given to the jury correctly and fairly, even though some instruction standing alone would be abstractly erroneous, the case will not be reversed, pp.- 502, 505, 506.
15. Same.—Instructions.—Insubstantial Defects.—Mere verbal inaccuracies or technical errors in instructions, or erroneous instructions not invading the substantial rights of the parties, are not ground for reversal, p. 502.
16. Conspiracy.—Formation of.—A conspiracy may be formed Without any formal agreement, it being sufficient if the minds meet understanding!;? to bring about the agreement to do the acts and commit the offense charged, p. 502.
17. Conspiracy.—Evidence to Sustain.■—A conspiracy may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence; and the concurrence of will may be established by joint acts, or by separate acts leading to the same unlawful result, p. 503.
18. Same.—Liability of Participants.—One conspirator is liable for the separate acts of his confederates done in furtherance of the conspiracy; and a person coming into such conspiracy after the formation thereof is liable the same as an original conspirator. p. 503.
19. Same.—Trial.—Judgment.—If conspirators aye tried separately they may be sentenced separately as tried and found guilty, p. 504.
20. Same.—Allegations.Naming Conspirators.—Proof of Part.—On an indictment charging that defendant, with certain others, committed the crime of conspiracy, he may be convicted on proof of his conspiracy with all or any of such other persons, p. 504.
21. Trial.—Instructions.—Negativing Qood-Fait'h Transaction.— Conspiracy.—An instruction that if the jury should find beyond a reasonable doubt from the evidence that defendant did not enter into the employment' of collecting money from the prosecuting witness in good faith, but for the purpose of extorting money by blackmail from said witness, as charged, he may be. found guilty, is not bad for the qlleged reason of requiring defendant to establish the fact that he was acting in good faith, instead of requiring the State to prove he was not acting in good faith, p. 504.-
22. Same.—Instructions.—Erroneous.—Iiequésting Similar One.— Appellant cannot successfully complain of the court’s giving an alleged erroneous instruction, where he has. requested one substantially similar, and has alleged error for the refusal to give same. p. 505.
23. Same.—Instructions.—Good Character.—An instruction that if the jury, after considering all the evidence, including that of defendant’s good character, entertain a reasonable doubt of his guilt, they should acquit, but if the evidence convinces them, beyond a reasonable doubt, of defendant’s guilt they might find so notwithstanding his good character, fairly states the law on such subject, p. 506.
24. Criminal Law.—Defenses.—Good. Character.—Where defendant’s guilt of a crime is proved beyond a reasonable doubt, previous good moral character will not entitle him to an acquittal, such character giving no person a license to commit a crime, p. 506.
25. Trial.—Instructions.—Request for.—Record.—Where requested instructions are not shown by the record to have been subscribed by the party or his counsel, and presented to the court before the beginning of the argument, no questions can be presented thereon, on appeal, p. 507.
26. Tbiat,.—Instructions.—Duplication of.—It is not erroneous to refuse instructions requested which are substantially covered by those given, p. 507.
27. Appeal.—'Weighing Evidence.—The Supreme Court will reverse a case on the ground that the verdict is contrary to the law, and to the evidence, only where there is no evidence to prove some essential fact. p. 507.
From Tippecanoe Circuit Court; Henry H. Vinton, Special Judge.
Prosecution, by the State of Indiana, against Joseph Eacoek. From a judgment of conviction, defendant appeals.
Affirmed.
Haywood & Burnett, for appellant.
James Bingham, Attorney-General, E. M. White, H. M. Dowling, A. G. Cavins, Daniel P. Flanagan, Prosecuting Attorney, and Will R. Wood, for the State.
Monks, C. J.
This is a prosecution against appellant and Lulu B. Grimes, charging them with conspiracy to black-' mail Will E. Kessler, A trial of appellant on said charge resulted in! a verdict'of guilty, and over a motion for a new trial final judgment was rendered against him.
As the transactions upon which this prosecution is based occurred in 1904, the same is not in any respect governed by the crimes act of 1905, but by the crimes act and code of criminal procedure of 1881, and the amendments thereof in force in 1904. Miller v. State (1905), 165 Ind. 566, 570, 571; Stieler v. State (1906), 166 Ind. 548; State v. Thomson (1906), 167 Ind. 96; State v. Hazzard (1907), 168 Ind. 163.
The errors assigned are that the court erred (1) in overruling appellant’s motion to quash the indictment; (2) in overruling appellant’s motion for a new trial.
So much of the conspiracy and blackmailing statutes as needs to be considered reads: “Any person or persons who shall unite or combine with any other person or persons for the purpose of committing a felony * * * shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined. * * and imprisoned in the state prison,” etc. §2260 Burns 1901, §2139 R. S. 1881. Also “Whoever, either verbally or by any letter or writing or any written or printed communication, * * * accuses or threatens to accuse * # * -any person * * * of any immoral conduct, which, if true, would tend to degrade, and disgrace such person, or in any way to subject him to the ridicule or contempt of society * * * ■ with intent to extort or gain from such person any chattel, money, or valuable security, * * * is guilty of blackmailing, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be imprisoned in the state prison,” etc. §1999 Burns 1901, §1926 R. S. 1881. The gist of the felony defined as blackmailing is the extortion of money, chattels or valuable securities from a person by menaces of personal injury or by threatening to accuse him of crime, or of any immoral conduct, which, if true, would tend to degrade and disgrace such person. In pleading a conspiracy to. commit a felony the essential elements of the felony intended must be as fully set forth as in an indictment for such felony. Gillett, Crim. Law (2d ed.), §310; McKee v. State (1887), 111 Ind. 378; Musgrave v. State (1893), 133 Ind. 297, 305, 306. The indictment fully complies with this requirement and is sufficient under the rule declared in Motsinger v. State (1890), 123 Ind. 498; Utterback v. State (1899), 153 Ind. 545. The court did not err in overruling appellant’s motion to quash.
5. /It is claimed by appellant that the court erred in permitting the State to introduce evidence, concerning alleged conspiracies by appellant to blackmail, other than that set forth in the indictment. Such evidence was properly admitted as tending to show the guilty knowledge, intent and motive of appellant in doing what is charged in the indictment. Higgins v. State (1901), 157 Ind. 57, and authorities cited; Sanderson v. State (1907), ante, 301; Crum v. State (1897), 148 Ind. 401, 411-413; Strong v. State (1882), 86 Ind. 208, dissenting opinion of Elliott, J., pp. 215-219, 44 Am. Rep. 292, which was approved in Crum v. State, supra, p. 412; State v. Lewis (1895), 96 Iowa 286, 297, 298, 65 N. W. 295; Gillett, Crim. Law (2d ed.), §870; 12 Cyc. Law and Proc., 406-411. As was said in Gillett, Indirect and Collat. Ev., §57, pp. 79, 80: “Collateral crimes may be shown when they tend to prove malice, guilty knowledge, intent, motive or the like, if such element enters into the offense charged. Conspiracy cases furnish a common illustration of this doctrine.” The court correctly instructed the jury, in effect, that such testimony was not evidence that the conspiracy charged was formed, but that the same should only be considered by the jury if they found from the other evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the alleged combination had been formed, and then only to determine the intent and motive of the parties thereto.
The State read in evidence, over the objection of appellant, a letter, signed by him, written to WillE. Kessler, which contained the following: “C. E. Grimes of this city has employed me in the matter wherein he claims that you have alienated the affections of his wife, and seduced her. I shall be glad to see you upon this matter forthwith. If immediate attention is not given it, action will be instituted immediately.” It appears from the evidence of Lulu B. Grimes, who was jointly indicted with appellant, and who was a witness for the State, that she wanted “to get even” with Will E. Kessler, and told Mrs. Grace Brown, an intimate acquaintance, of her trouble with Kessler. At the request of Mrs. Brown, she went with her to the office of appellant, an attorney at law, where Mrs. Brown, who knew appellant, introduced her to him. She gave the following testimony in regard to the conspiracy charged: “My name is Lulu Bessie Grimes. My husband’s name is Charles E. Grimes. We were married eleven years last June. Have known the defendant, Joseph Eaeock, about eighteen months. Am acquainted with Grace Brown, wife of Thomas Brown. I visited the office of Mr. Eacock in August, 1904. Called there with Mrs. Grace Brown, who introduced me to Mr. Eacock. Mrs. Brown told him of the purpose of my visit, that I was an acquaintance of hers and she wanted him to do the right thing by me. He said, ‘Grace, I usually do it. I always did it by you.’ He said, ‘That is all right; I am looking for such fish as that, and I will attend to him.’ I said, ‘This will not get me in trouble, will it?’ He said, ‘None in the least; I will attend to that.’ I stated to Mr. Eaeock what Mrs. Brown had told me that I was a fool for working the way I had worked the last few years; there were ways of making money easier than that, and Mr. Eaeock was the man that would get it. She persuaded me to go up there with her that afternoon and introduced me to Mr. Eacock. Giving my own self a compliment, he said, Grace was right, that I was too good looking a woman to work the way I was working. He said he would fix Will Kessler for that. I had known Kessler almost all my life. On that occasion Eaeock asked my husband’s name. I told him, and he said that was all he wanted; for me to go on, and he would call me back to the office when he needed me. He asked me if Mr. Grimes had any intention to leave the city for a short time, and, if not, could I arrange any way he would be out of the city. I told bim the following week he was going to Louisville. My husband went there to the encampment of Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank. It was about August 12. He came back about August 19. I next saw Mr. Eacock with reference to this matter the following Tuesday or Wednesday at his office. He called me to his office. When I went up he wanted to know where I had been all this time, that he' could not find me in the city. I told him I had been out to Thorntown. He said, ‘Well it was dead easy; I fixed Kessler all right.’ He .said something to me then about what I could do in the future. He told me if I would listen to him and do as he wanted me to do, inside of six months or a.year I would be independently rich. He asked me if I would not like to make a good roll of money. I said, ‘I guess not, any more.’ He said, ‘You are foolish.’ He said, ‘Here is Grace, I have got her $10,000 within the last few years’; and he said, ‘if you go down and see-■ or-, I don’t know which, and ask him for a loan of $50—don’t forget to put on your best bib and tucker and be sure and wear a veil—ask him for a loan of $50, and in return he will ask you for security, and you disremember the security and ask him to call at your house.’ He told me when I first went up he had got $250; then when I went again he said $300 was all he could get, and it was ‘dead easy.’ He stated to me other persons he had gotten money from in this way with Mrs. Brown, and others here in the city. At another time there was a business man on Main street mentioned. Mr. Eacock said he would threaten to file suit against Kessler for alienating my affections away from my husband. My husband was not with me on any of these occasions when I visited Mr. Eacock’s office. My husband had no knowledge of the transactions between me and Eacock. After the grand jury commenced the investigation last winter Mr. Eacock said I must persuade my husband that he had employed him to protect himself as well as me.”
On cross-examination she testified: ‘ ‘ Got acquainted with Mrs. Brown previously to October 9, 1903. Acquaintance became intimate. Were engaged in lodge affairs together. Had no acquaintance with Eacock before that. Mrs. Brown accompanied me to Eacock’s office. The first conversation with Eacock was in the main room of office. No one in the room other than Eaeock, Mrs. Brown and myself. When Mrs. Brown introduced me to Eacock, Mrs. Brown and Mr. Eacock had a little conversation, and then I talked with Mr. Eacock. Did not hear all of conversation that Mrs. Brown had with Eacock. Don’t remember conversation that I heard between Mrs. Brown and Eaeock well enough to detail now. Cannot relate the substance of it any better than I did yesterday. I do not know what Mrs. Brown and Eacock said to each other when they were talking aside from me. I went to Eacock’s office to give Mrs. Brown her wishes. I cannot say that I had any intention at my first call there. Mrs. Brown introduced me to Eacock and he accepted the introduction as I did, and she told him I was an acquaintance of hers and she wanted him to do the right thing by me. He said, ‘Grace, I usually do it. I always did it by you. ITe said, ‘ That is all I want to know, I will do the balance. ’ Mrs. Brown went down the street, I do not know where. Only went there for counsel about the Kessler matter. It was only a purpose to get even, was all I had in mind, to get even with Kessler. Wanted Mr. Eaeoek to do for me whatever he thought was best, not to cause any trouble. Told him I had an engagement with Kessler and he did not keep it. Did not tell him what kind of engagement I had. He seemed to understand without being told. It was an engagement to meet Mr. Kessler at Mrs. Porter’s. Did not tell him for what purpose. I said that Kessler had stood me up and I wanted to get even. By his having stood me up, I meant he did not keep his engagement. Think I told him when it was that Kessler had failed to come to time. I answered his questions that he asked. He asked me what date, and I tried to give it to him. I think about the last, of July. I told him the place where Kessler was to meet me. He said he would attend to the balance; that he was after such fish as that. He said if I would do as hq wanted me to he would have me independently rich in six months. He said if I would go to different ones and make engagements that he would attend to the rest. He suggested that I go to -, and he told me of different other ones that would be easy ones. Mr.-was another. There were different 'ones. I said, ‘I don’t want to get in no box, Mr. Eaeock.’ He said, ‘You will get in no box.’ He said, ‘If you will do as I say you will be rich in six months.’ He told me I was too good looking a woman to make my living by hard work. He said I could make my living easily by pulling people’s legs. Mr. Eaeock told me his plans, and the way he proposed to go after Kessler. I was to stay in the background; was not asked to do anything in accomplishing that purpose. I was simply to allow him to manage the thing, and everything that was to be done he was to do it. Mr. Eaeock asked me if Kessler owned property. I told him I thought he did, but it was in his wife’s name. Do not remember that he stated any amount of money he expected to get out of him. The understanding was he was to take my ease and manage it to the best of his ability and bring Kessler to time for whatever he could.”
Charles E. Grimes, the husband of said Lulu B. Grimes, testified that he never employed appellant in said matter of Kessler, and had no knowledge of it until after it was settled, when some one “threw it up to him.” It appears from the evidence of Will E. Kessler, a witness for the State, that he received said letter in the morning, and at once went to LaEayette and employed a lawyer, after which appellant come to the office of Kessler’s lawyer, where Kessler at first refused to settle for the amount appellant demanded, and that thereupon appellant said he would bring proceedings before evening. When recalled, Kessler testified as follows: “I told him [appellant] I would not give them over $200, he turned his back upon me and said, ‘I will bring suit before night if the claim is not settled today,’—if I didn’t give $250.” This was about 10 o’clock or 10:30 o’clock in the forenoon. After this, about noon, Kessler settled with appellant for $250, paying $300—$250 for appellant and $50 for his own lawyer. He testified that he settled and paid the money “to keep down notoriety. ’ ’ Appellant gave a receipt for said $250, ‘! in full of all demands to date of every kind, character and description growing out of tort or contract due or claimed to be due to us or either of us, there being a joint and several claim, ’ ’ and signed the same: “Joseph Eacock, attorney for C. E. Grimes and Bessie Grimes, his wife. ’ ’ While it was necessary for the State to prove verbal threats, as alleged in the indictment, said letter was properly admitted as tending to show why the parties met; and what was said and done at said meeting, must be considered in the light thereof. The verbal threats, made by appellant when Kessler refused to settle for the amount demanded, “that he would bring proceedings before evening,” or “that he would bring suit before night if the claim is not settled to-day, ’ ’ must be considered in the light of said letter, as well as in the light of what was said at the time of said interview. The letter was a part of the transaction between appellant and Kessler as much as what was said at the interview between them.
It was said by this court in Card v. State (1889), 109 Ind. 415, 418, 419, quoting from 1 Greenleaf, Evidence (Lewis’s .ed.), §111: “ ‘A foundation must first be laid, by proof, sufficient in the opinion of the judge, to establish, prima facie, the fact of conspiracy between the parties, or proper to be laid before the jury, as tending to establish such fact. The connection of the individuals in the unlawful enterprise being thus shown, every act and declaration of each member of the confederacy, in pursuance of the original concerted plan, and with reference to the common object, is, in contemplation of law, the act and declaration of them all; and is therefore orginal evidence against each of them. It makes no difference at what time any one entered into the conspiracy. Every one, who does enter into a common purpose or design, is generally deemed, in law, a party to every act, which had before been done by the others, and a party to every act, which may afterwards be done by any of the others, in furtherance of such common design. * i:‘ * The acts and declarations, thus admitted, are those only which were made and done during the pendency of the criminal enterprise, and in furtherance of its objects.' "
In this case the alleged conspiracy was still pending when said letter was sent to Kessler by appellant, and, as the same was in furtherance thereof it was admissible in evidence under said rule, not only as against appellant, but against all the parties thereto. It follows that the court did not err in permitting said letter to be read in evidence.
9. 10. During the progress of the trial the court, over the objection of appellant, admitted evidence that Allen Boulds, an attorney for appellant, and one Pauley, had, by persuasion and the use of money, induced Lulu B. Grimes and Charles E. Grimes, her husband, witnesses for the State, to leave this State and go to Oklahoma, and not to appear and testify as witnesses on the trial of the cause. Evidence that an accused has procured or attempted to procure the absence of a witness and thereby prevented, or attempted to prevent, his testifying is admissible against him. Underhill, Crim. Ev., §121; Wharton, Crim. Ev. (9th ed.), §749, p. 644; Lawson, Presumptive Ev. (2d ed.), 622, 624, 625; Collins v. Commonwealth (1876), 75 Ky. 271, 272; State v. Barron (1864), 37 Vt. 57, 61; Kirkaldie v. Paige (1845), 17 Vt. 256; Carpenter v. Willey (1892), 65 Vt. 168, 26 Atl. 488; Cruikshank v. Gordon (1890), 118 N. Y. 178, 187, 23 N. E. 457. Evidence that third persons procured or attempted to procure the absence of witnesses is admissible against the accused if he. was privy thereto. The evidence given on behalf of the State showed, prima facie at least, that appellant was privy to what was done by Boulds and Pauley, and the court therefore properly admitted said evidence. The court by admitting said evidence did not thereby conclude the jury from determining from the whole evidence, when they came to deliberate upon the verdict, whether appellant was privy to procuring or attempting to procure the absence of said witnesses. The rule is the same as in a charge of conspiracy, where, if the court determines that there is sufficient evidence to establish prima facie the fact of the conspiracy, the declarations and acts of each conspirator during the pendency of the criminal enterprise are admitted in evidence against all. But ultimately it is for the jury to determine from the whole evidence whether any conspiracy has been shown, and, if they find none has been established, it is their duty not to consider the acts or declarations of the supposed conspirators which have been admitted. Wharton, Crim. Ev. (9th ed.), §698; 3 Ency. Ev., 428; 1 Thompson, Trials, §393; Commonwealth v. Brown (1860), 14 Gray (Mass.) 419; Poe v. StocMon (1890), 39 Mo. App. 550, 557. It was upon this theory that the court below instructed the jury that, unless they found from the evidence that appellant was privy to the removal of said witnesses from the State, they should not consider the evidence given in regard to procuring said removal, but disregard the same. This instruction did not make the jury the judges of the admissibility of the evidence as claimed by appellant, but properly left to the jury the credibility of witnesses and the weight of their evidence. There was no error in admitting in evidence what was said and done by Boulds and Pauley in procuring said witnesses to go beyond the jurisdiction of the court.
Appellant complains of the action of the court in excluding evidence offered by him to show the sexual relations between Kessler and Lulu B. Grimes, and the instruction of the court in regard to the same. Whether said Kessler was guilty of the immoral conduct claimed was wholly immaterial, and the court committed no error in so instructing the jury. Motsinger v. State (1890), 123 Ind. 498, 501; Kessler v. State (1875), 50 Ind. 229, 233; People v. Wightman (1888), 104 N. Y. 598, 599, 11 N. E. 135. It was said by this court in Kessler v. State, supra: “The crime charged does not consist in the threatening to charge an innocent party with crime or with degrading and disgraceful immoral conduct, but consists in threatening to make such accusation with the intent to extort or gain from any person his chattels, money, etc. * Although a person may have been guilty of crime or immorality, there is no reason why his money or property should be extorted from him by threatening to accuse him thereof. It may be for the interest of society that the guilty shall be brought to trial or punishment, but no public interest could possibly be subserved by allowing accusations to be made, even against the guilty, for the sole purpose of extortion.” The court committed no error in excluding said evidence.
It is a settled rule in this State that it is not error for the trial court to limit questions on the cross-examination of a witness to the subject covered or entered upon in the examination in chief. Hunsinger v. Hofer (1887), 110 Ind. 390, 394; City of Aurora v. Cobb (1863), 21 Ind. 492, 511, 512; Patton v. Hamilton (1859), 12 Ind. 256. If he wishes to examine his opponent’s witnesses as to new matter, he can do so by calling them afterwards as his own witnesses. Patton v. Hamilton, supra. This disposes of the points made by appellant upon the refusal of the trial court to permit him to propound certain questions on cross-examination to Charles E. Grimes, a witness for the State.
14. 15. The cross-examination of a witness and the extent to which it may be carried rests in the sound discretion of the trial court, and only an abuse of this discretion is a cause for a reversal on appeal. Smith v. State (1905), 165 Ind. 180, 183; Shields v. State (1897), 149 Ind. 395, 402, and cases cited; Ewbank, Trial Ev., §155. There was no abuse by the trial court of this discretion in the cross-examination of said Charles E. Grimes. On the contrary, the court could have limited said cross-examination much more than it did 'without violating said rule. Appellant complains of a part of the instructions given by the court to the jury. It is settled law in this. State that instructions .¡are considered with reference to each other, and as an entirety, and not separately or in dissected parts; and if the instructions as a whole correctly and fairly present the law to the jury, even if some particular instruction, or some instruction standing alone, or taken abstractly, and not explained or qualified by others, may be erroneous, the cause will not be reversed. Shields v. State, supra, and cases cited; Rains v. State (1899), 152 Ind. 69. Mere verbal inaccuracies in instructions', or technical errors in the statement of abstract propositions of law, furnish no grounds for reversal when they result in no substantial harm to the defendant, or if the instructions, taken as a whole, correctly state the law applicable to the facts of the ease; nor is the giving of an erroneous instruction reversible error, when it appears that the substantial rights of the defendant have not been prejudiced thereby. Shields v. State, supra, pp. 406-408, and cases cited; Harris v. State (1900), 155 Ind. 265; Heyl v. State (1887), 109 Ind. 589, 593; Musser v. State (1901), 157 Ind. 423, 444, 445; Cleveland, etc., R. Co. v. Miller (1905), 165 Ind. 381, 386, 387; Knapp v. State (1907), 168 Ind. 153.
17. 18. Complaint is made by appellant of certain of the instructions given by the court in regard to the crime of conspiracy and the manner and means of its proof. It is well settled that it is not essential to the formation of a conspiracy that there should have been any formal agreement between the parties to do the acts charged. It is sufficient if the minds of the parties meet understandingly so as to bring about an intelligent and deliberate agreement to do the acts and commit the offense charged, although such agreement be not manifested by any formal words. Concurrence of sentiment and cooperative conduct in an unlawful and criminal enterprise, and not formality of speech, are the essential ingredients of criminal conspiracy. The concurrence of will which is essential to the offense may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence or both. The fact may be inferred where the parties are apparently pursuing the same object, whether acting separately or together, by common or different means, all leading to the same unlawful result. Gillett, Crim. Law (2d ed.), §311; 8 Cyc. Law and Proc., 621, 622; 3 Greenleaf, Evidence, §93; 3 Russell, Crimes (9th Am. ed. by Sharswood), *165-*168; 2 Wharton, Crim. Law (10th ed. by Lewis), §§1398, 1399, 1401; Wharton, Crim. Ev. (9th ed.), §§32, 698; McKee v. State (1887), 111 Ind. 378, 383; Archer v. State (1886), 106 Ind. 426, 432; Musser v. State, supra, and authorities cited. When two or more persons combine to commit a crime, each is criminally responsible for the acts of his confederates committed in the furtherance of the common design. In contemplation of law the act of each is the act of all. A person coming into a conspiracy after it is formed, and assisting in its execution, is deemed a party thereto, and is liable therefor. The coming in of such person does not destroy the identity of the conspiracy, but it continues the same conspiracy. 2 Wharton, Crim. Law (10th ed. by Lewis), §1399; 8 Cyc. Law and Proc., 641-643, 658 note 68; 1 Greenleaf, Evidence (15th ed. by Croswell), §111; 3 Greenleaf, Evidence (16th ed. by Harriman), §93; Blain v. State (1894), 33 Tex. Cr. 236, 250, 26 S. W. 63; Ochs v. People (1888), 124 Ill. 399, 421, 422, 16 N. E. 662; Spies v. People (1887), 122 Ill. 1, 12 N. E. 865, 17 N. E. 898, 3 Am. St. 320; United States v. Nunnemacher (1876), 7 Biss. (U. S.) 111, 123, Fed. Cas. No. 15,902; McKee v. State, 111 Ind. 378, 382, 383; Den v. Johnson (1840), 18 N. J. L. 87, 89, 90; State v. Crab (1894), 121 Mo. 554, 563, 26 S. W. 548.
If several are charged with conspiracy and tried separately a judgment may be pronounced against one before a conviction of the others. Rex v. Kinnersley (1719), 1 Str. *193; People v. Richards (1885), 67 Cal. 412, 7 Pac. 828, 56 Am. Rep. 716; Heine v. Commonwealth (1879), 91 Pa. St. 145, 149; 3 Chitty, Crim. Law (4th Am. ed.), *1141. And one charged with conspiracy, with others named, may be convicted on proof of a conspiracy with any of the others named, without proof of a conspiracy participated in by all of them. 2 McClain, Crim. Law, §981; State v. Adams (1874), 1 Houst. Crim. Ct. (Del.) 361; Woodworth v. State (1886), 20 Tex. App. 375. Said instructions in regard to the crime of conspiracy and the manner and means of proving the same are in harmony with and sustained by the foregoing authorities.
Appellant objects to instruction twenty-two given by the court, on the ground, stated in his brief, that it “required the appellant to establish the fact that he was acting in good faith,” because, “under the law, he is not required to establish that fact. It is for the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he was not acting in good faith.” In said instruction the court informed the jury that the sections of the statute on the subject of conspiracy and blackmail which had been read to them in the instructions should not be so construed as to render a party “liable to indictment for, in: good faith, entering into an employment to bring an action for damages against the person who has alienated the affections of his client’s wife, or seduced her, or for making, in good faith, a charge against him and demanding satisfaction before the commencement of a suit. Such a charge,.if made in good faith, would not be extortion, but for obtaining just satisfaction, and in this case, if you believe that defendant in good faith entered into such employment with Charles E. Grimes, it is your duty to acquit him, even though Charles E. Grimes was not acting in good faith. But if you find beyond a reasonable doubt from all the evidence in the case that' the defendant did not enter into such employment in good faith, but for the purpose of extorting money by blackmail from Will E. Kessler, * * *' as charged in the indictment, you may find him guilty as charged in the indictment.” It is evident that this instruction is not open to said objection. Said instruction did not require appellant to prove that he was acting in good faith, but it informed the jury that they could not convict unless they found “from all the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that he was not acting in good faith,” etc. The instruction fully complies with the contention of appellant that “it is for the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he (appellant) was not acting in good faith. ’ ’
Appellant objects to instruction twenty-three given by the court, for the reason “that it lays the burdén of proof upon appellant,” etc. We do not think the instruction is justly subject to this criticism, but if it were, appellant cannot successfully complain, because said instruction is substantially the same as one which appellant sets out in his brief as requested by him and which he claims the court erred in refusing to give. Elliott, App. Proc., §§626, 627; Ewbank’s Manual, §255; Pennsylvania Co. v. Roney (1883), 89 Ind. 453, 46 Am. Rep. 173; Indiana, etc., Traction Co. v. Jacobs (1906), 167 Ind. 85, 93.
23. 24. Complaint is made of instruction twenty-five on the ground that it deprived appellant of the benefit of the evidence of good character. It may be that the first part of said charge, if it stood alone, would be subject to criticism, but under the rule that not only the entire instruction, but all the other instructions given in the case, are to be considered as an entirety, it affords no ground for reversal. The last part thereof informed the jury that, ‘ ‘ if, after consideration of aid the evidence in the ease, including that bearing upon the good character of thé defendant, the jury entertain a reasonable doubt as to the defendant’s guilt, it is your duty to acquit him, but if the evidence convinces you, beyond a reasonable doubt, of defendant’s guilt, you must so find, notwithstanding his good character.” It is true that evidence of a good character of one accused of crime is to be taken into consideration in all cases when introduced in determining his guilt Or innocence. The instruction so declares in express terms, for the jury are told to acquit appellant if, after considering all the evidence in the case, including that in regard to his character, they have a reasonable doubt of his guilt. Rollins v. State (1878), 62 Ind. 46, 54, 55. It will be observed that said instruction says that “if the evidence convinces you beyond a reasonable doubt, of defendant’s guilt, you must so find, notwithstanding his good character.” As was said in Rollins v. State, supra, page 55: “This last proposition must be correct. If the jury having considered all the evidence, in-eluding that in relation to good character; as they were directed to do by the first part of the charge, were satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt of defendant’s guilt, it follows that his previous good character could not avail him as a defense or entitle him to an acquittal. Previous good character does not license the commission of crime.”
Although there may be verbal inaccuracies and ambiguities in some of the instructions complained of, yet, when they are read and construed with all the other instructions given, and all are considered and construed together as an entirety, as the rule heretofore announced requires, it is clear that the same did not prejudice the substantial rights of appellant.
It is further contended by appellant that the court erred in refusing to give certain instructions requested by him. There is no available error in this, for the reason that the instructions requested do not appear to have been signed by appellant or his counsel and delivered to the court before the commencement of the argument, as required by subdivision six of §1892 Burns 1901, §1823 R. S. 1881 and Horner 1901. Said instructions not being signed and delivered to the court as required by the statute, no available error was committed in refusing to give the same. Glover v. State (1887), 109 Ind. 391, 403; Surber v. State (1884), 99 Ind. 71, 73, 74; Welsh v. State (1890), 126 Ind. 71, 78, 9 L. R. A. 664. We have, however, examined the instructions requested by appellant and refused by the court, and find that, so far as they correctly expressed the law applicable to this case, they were substantially embraced in those given by the court. Such being the case, appellant would have no ground for complaint, even if the instructions requested had been signed and delivered to the court as required by the statute. Delhaney v. State (1888), 115 Ind. 499, 501; Stephenson v. State (1887), 110 Ind. 358, 374, 59 Am. Rep. 216, and cases cited; Siberry v. State (1896), 149 Ind. 684, 694.
It is urged by appellant that the verdict is contrary to law and the evidence. The argument in support of said causes for a new trial goes only to the credibility of the witnesses and the weight of their testimony. It is only when there is no evidence to prove some one or more of the essential elements of the crime charged that this court is authorized to reverse a case on the ground that the verdict is contrary to law and the evidence. Deal v. State (1895), 140 Ind. 354. There was evidence given at the trial which fully sustained every material allegation in the indictment, and the learned judge, who presided at the trial of this cause and heard all the evidence, by overruling the motion for a new trial approved the verdict. In such a case, although there was a conflict in the evidence we cannot, under the well-established rule, reverse the judgment on the weight of the evidence. Deilks v. State (1895), 141 Ind. 23, 27; Livingston v. State (1895), 141 Ind. 131-133; Deal v. State, supra; Madden v. State (1897), 148 Ind. 183, 187, and cases cited; Hire v. State (1896), 144 Ind. 359, 361; Lankford v. State (1896), 144 Ind. 428, 434; Robb v. State (1896), 144 Ind. 569, 570; Hudson v. State (1886), 107 Ind. 372, and cases cited; Kleespies v. State (1886), 106 Ind. 383, 385; Skaggs v. State (1886), 108 Ind. 54-56; Ewbank’s Manual, §46.
Finding no available error, the judgment is affirmed. | CASELAW |
Freeway (software)
Freeway (originally Uniqorn) is a WYSIWYG web design application for Mac OS X (older versions also run under Mac OS 9), developed by the English company Softpress Systems. There are two flavours of Freeway: Pro and Express, both currently at version 5. Freeway Express has fewer features and is aimed more at the amateur web designer.
Freeway is based on a pre-Mac OS X print publishing application called Uniqorn, also developed by Softpress, but discontinued when Apple stopped supporting QuickDraw GX in Mac OS 8.
The philosophy behind Freeway is that an average user is able to design websites without having to deal with any code, using an interface very similar to that of Desktop publishing applications like QuarkXPress or Adobe InDesign. Advanced procedures (like connecting to a MySQL database using a scripting language like PHP) are done through plug-ins called “Actions”. Several Actions can be downloaded for free on several websites, but there are also commercial 3rd Party Actions, like the “Action Seller Suite”, which allows the creation of Ebay-friendly HTML within the Freeway design interface. Many useful Actions are bundled with Freeway, the latest set from Softpress being a suite of Actions that lets the user create a shopping cart through the popular Mals e-commerce system.
Unlike most other WYSIWYG web design applications, Freeway produces syntactically valid HTML code, making it usable in situations where valid HTML code is obligatory. For example, valid code is required by law on the majority of federal and state institutions’ web sites in Germany. Freeway 4.4 also creates HTML and CSS that correct many rendering problems with Internet Explorer 6 on Windows.
Source | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Morphosis (Max Lilja album)
Morphosis is the second solo album by the Finnish cellist and composer Max Lilja. The 9 track album was released by Fluttery Records on 10 April 2015. According to the artist: "I got the vision for this 2nd solo album at the mixing stage of the 1st album, quite different from the first in all areas, sound, songwriting and execution. Still all cello and I wrote all the songs to this album on cello" A music video directed and visually designed by the film maker Janne Laiho was released for the opening track Revelation.
Track list
* Revelation
* Silent Highway
* Flux
* Morphosis
* Black Lava
* Unstoppable
* Machinery
* Lonely Blue
* Trench | WIKI |
Message from Python discussions
November 2018
— (It's redis)
—
Well is a custom filter for pytb which will enable a function if some criterias are meet
That filter has multiple arguments:
the main one is the words to which I use a if to check if the words are in the text
Now there are multiple args:
starts_with (if the text starts with a word from that list) which if is true will trigger the handler otherwhise if is false the code will just check if the list of words are in the text.)
ignore_markdown (if is set to true will check if there is a markdown text in the text and if it's True to send a False command to the handler
And ignore_html is the same as above but with html text
— The False bool will not trigger the handler so nothing is happening
— Can you share your code in hastebin or repl.it?
— Https://del.dog/elixubodih.py
— I'm still trying to figure out how to do it
— Ignore the last if
— I think that now i need something to return false if any of those are True.. maybe another if?
— I could use return False if any of these are true and not word in text?
— Fixed the if == statements
— Hi. I am using xml.etree.ElementTree to parse docbook XML. But it appeared that there are HTML special character entities inside my file, for instance ë Now I see the following exception raised during parse():
xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError: undefined entity ë: line 7191, column 64
What is the proper way to avoid such errors?
Message permanent page
— What do you want to do exactly? verify that response is text? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Real Kung Fu
Real Kung Fu is a Hong Kong television series first broadcast on TVB in October 2005. The series is shown to celebrate TVB's 38th anniversary. It aired every weeknight at 10:05 to 11:05 pm (Hong Kong Time).
Cast
* Note: Some of the characters' names are in Cantonese romanisation. | WIKI |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 16.pdf/432
An Experiment in Evidence.
383
AN EXPERIMENT IN EVIDENCE. Br WADDILL CATCHINGS. A K experiment carried through recently by the Kent Law Club of the Harvard Law School, throws a rather startling light upon the accuracy of human testimony. Four members of the club were told to be on the steps of Austin Hall at one-thirty on Tues day, February ninth, and to watch what happened between two other members of the club, Chalmers and MacGuire. They were told that they were to be witnesses in a jury trial to be held later, and they were put on their mettle to report accurately what occurred. One of the witnesses was sup posed to be a friend of Chalmers, another a friend of MacGuire, the other two were to be disinterested onlookers. The events which were to occur were carefully rehearsed by Chalmers and MacGuire. At a little before two o'clock on February ninth, Chalmers and MacGuire met on the steps. After a few moments of general con versation, they came to a disagreement. MacGuire, who stood directly in front of Chalmers, swore at .him under his breath, and at the same time turned away toward the right. Chalmers reached forward, grabbed MacGuire by the left shoulder as he turned away and asked, "What was that you said?'' He grabbed him rather severely, and Mac Guire. thinking that he had been struck, turned and attempted to strike Chalmers. His arm was caught by a bystander, Рое. Gialmers did not realize that Рое had caught MacGuire's arm and struck out sharply. In taking hold of MacGuire, Рое had pulled him around to the right again. Consequently Chalmers' blow landed on MacGuire's left arm just below the shoulder. MacGuire was then lead into the Law School building by Poe. Poe immediately came out again and re monstrated with Gialmers for having hit
MacGuire, while he was being held, and in a few moments when MacGuire himself came out, Chalmers started to apologize. He said, "I am sorry I hit you. I thought that you were going to hit me yourself." MacGuire replied, "You not only hit me while Poe was holding me, but you hit me in the back. You are a coward/' When Chalmers became angry at this, MacGuire said that, although he had a good case against him for assault and battery, they would settle the matter then and there. Before any blows had been delivered, how ever, the two were separated. Chalmers sued MacGuire for slander in the use of the words, "You hit me in the back." MacGuire entered a general denial and also a plea of truth. The trial was held on February twentyfifth, a little more than two weeks after the occurrence. On the afternoon of the occur rence all of the witnesses were examined by counsel so that their ideas were crystalized while they were fresh in their minds. The first witness testified that he had heard the words "You hit me in the back." As to the encounter, he stated that the parties were standing face to face: that MacGuire rushed forward and hit Chalmers—and then sprang back; that Chalmers then stepped forward and delivered a "swinging" blow—hitting MacGuire on the front of the body, a little to the left of the middle of the chest. He saw Chalmers touch MacGuire only this one time. As *to the presence and position of Poe, the witness had no distinct recollection. He remembered that Poe took hold of Mac Guire and led him off, but he did not know exactly what had occurred between the time when Chalmers hit MacGuire and when Poe started away with MacGuire. The second witness, who was a friend of | WIKI |
Edible oil – Which one is it?
Feb, 15 2018
Oils and lipids play a crucial role in the field of food, biochemistry, cosmetics and pharmacy
On the one hand they are important energy sources and on the other hand flavor carriers. You probably use them a lot in your kitchen. More than 90 % of the edible oils consist of Triacylglycerides (TAG). The TAG is a glycerol backbone esterified with different fatty acids. However, each oil has its own characteristic composition depending on the plant origin. Due to this characteristic composition a purity and quality control can be performed.
Which one is the best technique to analyze oils?
At the moment there are several methods accepted by the DGF (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft) and the AOCS (American Oil Chemists’ Society) to analyze edible oils. Among these methods there are different titrations to determine the iodine, acid, saponification, and peroxide numbers. Gas chromatography is used to determine the fatty acid composition and high performance liquid chromatography to characterize the phospholipids. These renowned methods are well known and allow a good comparison of the results but make it difficult to implement new methods and innovations. And such an innovation already exists – the NMR spectroscopy!!
Using 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy we can determine all the parameters in only a few measurements. A single 1H-NMR measurement for example can replace several titrations methods (Tab. 1) and would thus save a lot of chemical and sample amount, time and money. The overall composition is easily to determine by NMR spectroscopy and the workload would be reduced significantly.
Tab. 1 Comparison of common and alternative lipid analyses
A further advance of the NMR analysis is the extensive selectivity compared to the other methods. The determination of the iodine number by titration for example can be interfered by potential accompanying substances like squalene. Especially in the 1H-NMR spectrum (Fig. 1), it is possible to distinguish between several substances such as free fatty acids, peroxides, aldehydes, sterols, diacylglycerides (DAG), saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and characteristic substances such as squalene in olive oil. Furthermore, as presented in Christina Skiera’s dissertation (1H-NMR spectroscopic determination of deterioration maker compounds in fats and oils), NMR spectroscopy is also able to distinguish between different types of peroxides and the second oxidation product, the aldehydes – qualitatively and quantitatively.
Fig 1 1H-NMR spectrum of plant oil with specific signals
By analyzing carbons, several oils samples can be compared by their lipid profile. The total fatty acid composition was determined by a combination of 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. By means of this composition the classification of an oil sample can be performed and blends can be identified.
As presented, NMR spectroscopy is a very powerful tool for the holistic control of edible oils including the fatty acid profile and quality parameters which are classical analyzed by several titrations. Stay interested in innovations! Stay interested in quality!
The next time you´re standing in front of your pan make sure you use the right oil!
If you are not sure, ask us, we will analyze it for you!
Check our publications:
Zailer E, Diehl BWK NMR-Spektroskopie als Alternativmethode DLR, May 2016, 190-198 (German)
Skiera C, Steliopoulus P, Kuballa T, Holzgrabe U, Diehl BWK Determination of free fatty acids in edible oils by 1H NMR spectroscopy, Lipid Technology 24(12), 2012, 279-281
Skiera C, Steliopoulus P, Kuballa T, Holzgrabe U, Diehl BWK 1H-NMR Spectroscopy as a New Tool in the Assessment of the Oxidative State in Edible Oils, JAOCS, 89(8), 2012, 1383-1391
Skiera C, Steliopoulus P, Kuballa T, Diehl BWK, Holzgrabe U Determination of free fatty acids in pharmaceutical lipids by 1H NMR and comparison with the classical acid value., J Pharm Biomed Anal. 93, 2014, 43-50
Tags:
About the Autor: Andreas Formes
Andreas Formes
Aktuelle Methoden
Newspaper
Events | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category talk:Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines
Why the cat. into Category:BMW ? - Andy Dingley (talk) 00:09, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
Confusing category name
Er, if this is R-R aircraft PISTON engines, why are the jets, turbofans and turboprops etc included? Minorhistorian (talk) 22:48, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
* They aren't. That's a navbox template. Andy Dingley (talk) 23:48, 14 June 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Summary
18.6. Summary
In this case study, we demonstrated the different purposes of modeling: description, inference, and prediction. For description, we sought a simple, understandable model. We hand crafted this model, beginning with our findings from the exploratory phase of the analysis. Every action we took to include a feature in the model, collapse categories, or transform a feature amounts to a decision we made while investigating the data.
In modeling a natural phenomenon such as the weight of a donkey, we would ideally make use of physical and statistical models. In this case, the physical model is the representation of a donkey by a cylinder. A inquisitive reader might have pointed out that we could have used this representation directly to estimate the weight of a donkey (cylinder) from its length and girth (since girth is \(2\pi r\)):
\[ weight \propto girth^2 \times length\]
This physical model suggests that the log transformed weight is approximately linear in girth and length:
\[ \log(weight) \propto \log(girth) + \log(length)\]
Given this physical model, you might wonder why we did not use logarithmic or square transformations in our model. We leave you to investigate such a model in greater detail. But generally, if the range of values measured is small, then the log function is roughly linear. To keep our model simple, we chose not to make these transformations given the strength of the statistical model seen by the high correlation between the girth and weight of the donkeys.
Recall that we added categorical variables to our model using one-hot encoding, and that we took out one variable for each category we transformed. Actually, leaving in all the variables wouldn’t change the model’s predictions—the model would still have the same test set error. But, this model would be over parameterized, which means that fitting the model multiple times could produce different values for \( \hat{\theta} \). This is problematic for inference, since it stops us from having a useful and consistent interpretation of the model. When dropping a one-hot encoded variable, we chose to drop the central or most common one so that vets don’t need to make adjustments to the model for common cases.
We did a lot of data dredging in this modeling exercise. We examined all possible models built from linear combinations of the numeric features, and we examined coefficients of dummy variables to decide whether to collapse categories. When we create models using an iterative approach like this, it is extremely important that we set aside data to assess the model. Evaluating the model on new data reassures us that the model we chose works well. The data that we set aside did not enter into any decision making when building the model so it gives us a good sense of how well the model works for making predictions.
Finally, this case study shows how fitting models is often a balance between simplicity and complexity, and a balance between physical and statistical models. As data scientists, we needed to make human judgment calls at each step in the analysis. In other words, modeling is both an art and a science. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Pierce.Schiller
Hi, I'm Pierce.
Years ago, after attempting to look up in a dictionary how to spell the word ' guarantee ', I said; "If I do not know how to spell the word g' Arantee ', then this alphabetical-paper-dictionary-method is useless!"
To this day I can not spell 'guarantee ' [what would I do without spell check!]. I am grateful to Wikipedia because it has opened up the doors to information that "I didn't know I didn't know." When reading an article with complex ideas and assumed knowledge, I click links and references. I expand my horizon on a subject without fear of wasting my time trying to look up words I don't know how to spell. It makes learning fun.
I can be happily lost here on Wikipedia for hours. It is a pleasure to contribute. | WIKI |
Filipinos in Uganda
In 2012, there were about six hundred Filipinos in Uganda. The leader of the community was Divina Mikkelsen and they were represented diplomatically by the consul in neighbouring Kenya, Donna Celeste Feliciano Gatmaytan. | WIKI |
-- Yuan Halts Five-Day Gain as Central Bank Weakens Reference Rate
China ’s yuan halted a five-day advance after the central bank lowered the currency’s reference rate amid concern exports to the U.S. will suffer unless American lawmakers agree on budget revisions. The People’s Bank of China cut the fixing by 0.05 percent to 6.2913 per dollar today, the weakest since Dec. 14. The spot rate is allowed to trade as much as 1 percent on either side of the fixing. The Dollar Index (DXY) climbed 0.3 percent in two trading days as House Republican leaders canceled a vote on Speaker John Boehner ’s plan to allow higher tax rates for annual income above $1 million. Senator Joseph Lieberman said on CNN the odds are that both parties won’t be able to reach a compromise. “There’s a bit of risk-off sentiment on the U.S. budget talks, even though it will be solved at the end of the day,” said Patrick Cheng, a foreign-exchange analyst at Haitong International Securities Co. in Hong Kong. “The yuan will only appreciate modestly as the dollar is likely to strengthen further next year.” The yuan slipped 0.06 percent to 6.2335 per dollar in Shanghai , according to the China Foreign Exchange Trade System. The currency has gained 0.82 percent this quarter, contributing to a 1 percent advance for the year. That compares with a 4.7 percent appreciation in 2011. Chinese banks bought $136.6 billion of foreign currency from their clients and sold $118.1 billion in November, leaving a surplus of $18.5 billion, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange said today. In Hong Kong ’s offshore market, the yuan fell 0.02 percent to 6.2238 per dollar, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Twelve-month non-deliverable forwards climbed 0.05 percent to 6.3293, a 1.5 percent discount to the onshore spot rate. One-month implied volatility, a measure of expected moves in exchange rates used to price options, has fallen 93 basis points, or 0.93 percentage point, to 1.8 percent this year. That’s lower than the past five years’ average of 2.34 percent. The gauge increased five basis points today. To contact the reporter on this story: Fion Li in Hong Kong at fli59@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: James Regan at jregan19@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Alasho
Alasho is an indigenous Hausa long turban, worn across the head and neck. It is near identical in length, colour and dimensions to that of the Tuareg tagelmust, but is wrapped differently to the Tuareg method, leaving the sides of the head and some of the lower neck free. A similar style turban is worn by Songhai men, known as 'fatalaa' in Zarma.
Once common throughout Hausa society as common male clothing, today it only survives when used for important occasions or ceremonies, rite of passage rituals to the adult age, marriage or in the inauguration of a social leader. The Alasho veil has traditionally been manufactured in Kano, and was sold to Tuareg and Songhay clients and traders. | WIKI |
Dan Le Batard: NFL, Roger Goodell have incredible credibility issue | Miami Herald
Does the NFL have integrity? A stained commissioner will soon hear the appeal of a stained champion after the league hit the New England Patriots with a Lifetime Achievement Award For Cheating over a random rule none of us even knew was a rule. Never mind that violent bloodsport and integrity don't usually have any great need to coexist … unless you require corporate sponsors to believe your popular product is purer than it actually is. And never mind that the two stories that engulfed the sport before this one Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson left us all wondering whether we literally had to hide the women and children. For the most comprehensive local coverage, subscribe today. #ReadLocal And never mind that it is pretty hard to claim and protect integrity when one NFL owner is paying a $92 million settlement to truckers to make a federal fraud indictment vanish … and another owner insists on keeping a racist slur as his team's nickname … and another owner is getting arrested with a briefcase full of pills and $29,000 cash … and another owner is allegedly being sextorted for Internet photos … and all the owners are paying a $765 million settlement to try and get their concussed former employees to go away while the current bigger-stronger-faster employees may or may not be tilting the allegedly even playing field with human-growth hormone. Regardless, commissioner Roger Goodell's campaign platform has largely been about building and protecting integrity. He is a glorified PR agent this way, making $44 million a year, earning more by a lot since 2007 than any of the league's quarterbacks, and he does this as a shield for The Shield. He is a piata in protecting and enforcing the desires of his owners, again and again taking the beating alone as candy continues to spill all over the NFL's floor. Goodell came to fame punishing and over-punishing those who dared to stain the league's image. That the most punitive commissioner in the history of games stained it himself, ironically enough, by handling the Rice case too leniently, ironically enough, is a testament to the dangers of appointing yourself moral authority over something inherently impure. That his random punishment system, making up the rules as he goes, keeps negative stories in the news cycle longer than normal as we debate and await over-punishment is not great for that image and integrity he's trying so zealously to protect. We don't do this in other sports with more uniform penalty codes and less off-field integrity policing, arguing for weeks and months what a penalty should be because we have no earthly idea what it will be. So, in the negative-news cycle at least, Goodell somehow makes the league's image worse while trying to make it better, which is awfully clumsy work by someone who has put himself in charge of public relations. But what do you do, as a league, when you don't actually have as much integrity as you badly wish for others to believe you have? You punish and over-punish in protection of that integrity you don't have to give the illusion that you have it to protect. So now you have a commissioner who lacks credibility hearing the appeal of a champion organization that lacks credibility. The league's independent investigator wrote 243 pages worth of incrimination to protect the integrity of its game, and the Patriots filed a lawyerly 19,600-word rebuttal to protect their integrity, and none of us still really understands empirically how much of an advantage was actually gained by breaking a random rule none of us knew was a rule. And the independent investigator then had to do a conference call to protect his independence and his 243 pages because nobody trusts anybody in this transaction. It's like watching the ending of The Departed. Just what you got into sports for, right? Reading. Lawyers. Chemists. PSI. Ideal Gas Law. This while Aaron Rodgers says, yeah, he liked to overinflate footballs because, well, he wants you to know he could throw for 400 yards and four touchdowns with a beach ball. You know when Goodell went from very popular to very unpopular? There was a tipping point. He entered to much applause as the ironfisted emperor because America tends to love the punisher platform, but it all changed when he investigated the Saints the way he has the Patriots. Former and current players shrugged off the New Orleans bounty scandal, because that kind of thing was so common in their barbaric game, but Goodell The Outsider and Overseer had to protect an image and integrity and, with concussions in the news, player health. So he did his move. He over-punished. And all his decisions were overturned on appeal by anyone who fought them. Right then, the employees felt emboldened to trash their own commissioner publicly, and have done so since. Which means the commissioner has, with the Saints case and the botched Rice case, more failed investigations on his rsum than the Patriots have alleged cheating on theirs. It is fairly and literally incredible, putting him in charge of the credibility of others given his present credibility predicament. It's like seeing the courtroom judge banging a gavel while wearing an orange jumpsuit and shackles. Better to just imagine this entire Patriots scandal as a professional wrestling match. Tom Brady vs. Roger Goodell. The Golden Boy vs. The OverPunisher. A fight for the ages, a fight for INTEGRITY! The media and fans howl with bloodlust outside the ring, making so much noise, screaming Liar! and Cheater! The script's story line is so exciting, sports being soap opera for males, that you hardly notice that the fight for integrity is all kinds of fake. And, oh yeah, nobody really gets too harmed here, either, and the arena always remains full. The Patriots mess hasn't been bad for the NFL in any empirical way. There won't be a single dollar or single fan lost. The NFL's slow-period offseason just stole the sports-news cycle from the playoffs of basketball and hockey with soap-opera nonsense. There has been damage to Brady's public persona, yes, but that's only if you believe in the mythology of sports that makes athletes heroes instead of humans. And the Patriots, well, we already knew they were dark-alley junkies about competition and loopholes. What's their quarterback getting four games compared with their quarterback getting four trophies? There's something larger here, though, that requires monitoring once we get past the noisy scandal du jour. Goodell has more reasons than ever to over-punish now. Despite his own scandal and maybe because of it, he's incentivized now to over-punish in protection of his own integrity and his own public relations and his own rear end. And he can make the players' union his partners, mind you, the partners he keeps trampling look like the bad guys for fighting on behalf of terrible martyrs in appeal. The union seems to be questioning and appealing everything he is doing now, but it isn't fighting on behalf of rule-breakers and cheaters and criminals; the union is fighting for a uniform set of rules collectively bargained with a commissioner whose punishment system isn't credible or consistent or negotiated with his partners. Goodell somehow emerged from a Rice mess that caused the league all manner of shame to basically announce that he had appointed himself societal leader on domestic abuse from calls for his resignation to more power to punish, in other words. He went from randomly making up a two-game penalty for Rice to randomly making up a 10-game penalty for Greg Hardy that the players' union has to appeal because, well, he's totally making it up as he goes along. Who cares, right? Hardy did horrible things and deserves huge punishment. But here's where you might want to be careful with that: Sometimes we hate the crime so much that we don't mind or don't notice who is doing the punishing and how. When 9-11 happens, we don't mind as much that the police profile or the government tramples civil rights. When pedophilia happens, we don't mind so much that the NCAA steps outside of its jurisdiction to trample Penn State and don't notice when the NCAA has to reduce all those penalties afterward because of their unfairness. Most people don't want the government and NCAA or this NFL commissioner having more power under normal circumstances, but some crimes and fear bring applause for the powerful getting more power even if they can't be trusted with that power. Goodell granted yet more power to punish after bungling the Rice mess so badly that an arbitrator ruled in favor of Rice's reinstatement? That doesn't happen in a workplace of integrity. It only happens in a workplace interested in protecting the illusion of it. By Dan Le BatardSpecial to the Miami Herald By Dan Le Batard Special to the Miami Herald September 25, 2016 03:06 PM Jos Fernandez of the Miami Marlins found freedom on one boat and died on another. He was an extraordinary baseball player with an extraordinary story. #ReadLocal For the most comprehensive local coverage, subscribe today. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Archive 29
Ð and Þ
I think there's a pretty clear consensus for using Ð and Þ among people editing articles on Icelandic people, places and things. Here are just a few examples:
Þjórsá Skeiðará Sigurður Eggerz Tryggvi Þórhallsson Magnús Guðmundsson Davíð Oddsson Þorsteinn Pálsson Steingrímur Steinþórsson Björn Þórðarson Jón Þorláksson Guðbrandur Vigfússon Þingvellir Hafnarfjörður Garðabær Hveragerði Siglufjörður Ólafsfjörður Seyðisfjörður Lóðurr Þorsteinn Erlingsson Völundarkviða Sigurður Nordal Fóstbroeðra saga Heiðrún Auðumbla Eikþyrnir
Please do not start moving these around. Such an action would be fought tooth and nail by Icelandic Wikipedians, me included. Why forbid ð but allow æ? Is it really completely clear that æ is a variant of a letter in the English alphabet? How about œ? If those are obviously 'ae' and 'oe' (and I don't think they are) then why isn't ß obviously 'sz' (and I don't think it is)? I'm removing the ß/Þ/Ð dictum from the page. I think more time is needed to discuss the matter before a consensus can be declared. And even if a consensus was reached for doing away with Ð (and I don't think that will happen) we would still have to discuss how to transliterate it. TH? DH? D? There hasn't even been any discussion on that so it certainly doesn't belong in the MOS. And even if a consensus to do away with ß is reached (which might happen) it will not immediately follow that Ð and Þ should be dropped too. - Haukurth 20:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
* I agree, it doesn't make sense not to give actual spellings and doesn't serve our readers well to only give anglicised spellings. This also applies to Faroese names, eg Suðuroy, Eiði, Borðoy. Worldtraveller 10:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Here's a complete list
* Albert Guðmundsson, Alþingishúsið, Arnar Viðarsson, Arnavatnsheiði, Arnór Guðjohnsen, Atlakviða, Auð, Auðumbla, Áramótaskaupið, Árnafjørður, Ásatrúarmaður, Barðastrandarsýsla, Barðaströnd, Barðsneshorn, Bessastaðir, Bítið Fast í Vítið, Björk Guðmundsdóttir & Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar, Björn Þórðarson, Borðoy, Borgarfjörður, Brattahlíð, Breiðafjörður, Breiðá, Breiðárlón, Breiðdalsvík, Búðardalur, Darraðarljóð, Dauði Baldrs, Davíð Oddsson, Davíð Stefánsson, Diocese of Ðà Lat, Drög að Upprisu, Ecgþeow, Egilsstaðir, Eiði, Eikþyrnir, Eilífr Goðrúnarson, Ellíðavatn, Eyjafjörður, Far… Þinn Veg, Félag íslenskra þjóðernissinna, Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar, Flóki Vilgerðarson, Fóstbroeðra saga, Fréttablaðið, Friðrik Þór Friðriksson, Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna, Froðba, Frostastaðavatn, Fuglafjørður, Fugloyarfjørður, Funningsfjørður, Garðabær, Garðaríki, Garðarr Svavarsson, Gleðibankinn, Goðafoss, Gríms saga loðinkinna, Grundarfjörður, Guðbrandur Vigfússon, Guðbrandur Þorláksson, Guðjón Arnar Kristjánsson, Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson, Guðmundur G. Hagalín, Guðni Bergsson, Guðni Þór Sigurjónsson, Guðríður Þorbjarnardóttir, Guðrúnarhvöt, Guðrúnarkviða, Guðrún Katrín Þorbergsdóttir, Gøtueiði, Hafnarfjörður, Hamðismál, Hannes Sigurðsson, Hárbarðsljóð, Heaðolaf, Heiðar Helguson, Heiðrún, Helgi Sigurðsson, Herðubreið, Hermann Hreiðarsson, Hermóðr, Hlaðgunnr, Hliðskjálf, Hlöðskviða, Hreðavatn, Hreðel, Hroðgar, Hróa þáttr heimska, Húsakórið, Hvalfjörður, Hveragerði, Hymiskviða, Hættuleg hljómsveit & glæpakvendið Stella, Hæþcyn, Höðr, Höfuðlausnir, Iðunn, Iður til Fóta, Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra, Indriði Sigurðsson, Ísafjarðarbær, Íslenska Ásatrúarfélagið, Íþróttabandalag Akraness, Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja, Jóhannes Harðarson, Jón Eðvald Vignisson, Jón Hnefill Aðalsteinsson, Jón Sigurðsson, Jón Þorláksson, Jón Þór Birgisson, Kerfissíða:Contributions/Dabbidj, Kirkjubøargarður, Kristján Þór Júlíusson, Kristján Örn Sigurðsson, List of people in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Þ, Líðarnøva, Lóðurr, Maður eins og ég - 2002, Magnús Guðmundsson (politician), Magnús Þór Hafsteinsson, Menntaskólinn hraðbraut, Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð, Menntaskólinn við Sund, Miðvágur, Mjötviður Mær, Mjötviður til Fóta, Morgunblaðið, Nafnaþulur, Neskaupstaður, Norðragøta, Norðurljós, Norðurmýri, Norður-Þingeyjarsýsla, Norna-Gests þáttr, Nyrðra-Vatnalautavatn, Ongenþeow, Ólafr Þórðarson, Ólafsfjörður, Páll Guðmundson, Reykjahlíð, Reykjavik Excursions Kynnisferðir, Rymskviða, Seðlabanki Íslands, Seyðisfjörður, Siglufjörður, Sigurður Eggerz, Sigurður Kári Kristjánsson, Sigurður Nordal, Sigvatr Þorðarson, Símun av Skarði, Skaði, Skagafjörður Municipality, Skeiðará, Skeiðin, Skiðarima, Skíðblaðnir, Skjaldbreiður, Sparisjóðabanki Íslands, Steingrímur Steinþórsson, Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, Stöð 2, Suður-Múlasýsla, Suðuroy, Sæmundr fróði, Sörla þáttr, Sørvágsfjørður, Sørvágs Róðrarfelag, Thích Qung Ðc, Torfhildur Þorsteinsdóttir, Tómas Guðmundsson, Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar, Tryggvi Þórhallsson, Tunguliðsá, Tvíhöfði, Vafþrúðnismál, Varmahlíð, Veðrfölnir, Viðoy, Viðrar vel til loftárása, Vínbúð, Von brigði, Völsa þáttr, Völundarkviða, Vörðr, Vørðufelli, Wealhþeow, Wið færstice, Þingvallavatn, Þingvellir, Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Þjórsá, Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir, Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker, Þorlákshöfn, Þorsteinn Erlingsson, Þorsteinn Gylfason, Þorsteinn Pálsson, Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar, Þórbergur Þórðarson, Þórður Óskarsson, Þórisvatn, Þórólfur Árnason, Þórsdrápa, Þórsmörk, Þrír blóðdropar, Þrúðr, Þrymskviða
* —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 10:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* It's fine to use those non-English characters in "defining instances". They should be used in the introduction or in other situations where it would be appropriate to use the Greek alphabet, the Arabic alphabet, or Chinese characters. Thereafter, the normal English version is appropriate in this, the English Wikipedia. The English alphabet has 26 letters; occasional adding of a diacritical mark to those is a less significant problem, though failure to also write them without the diacritical mark might well and foolishly hide that information from people using various search engines.
* Your list, of course, deals primarily with a separate problem; which version to use as the title of the article, as there is only one of them, though there are also an unlimited number of redirects that can be made, so it really doesn't matter that much which one shows up at the top of the page when you read it. But not including, and not using, the standard English spellings is a major problem, a major disrespect for the fact that this is an English Wikipedia. Gene Nygaard 11:15, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* I agree in principle. The problematic thing is that there often isn't any "standard English spelling" and then it seems natural to use the native spelling because everyone usually agree what that is. The paragraph I removed dictated that Ð should be replaced with 'th'. Is that the "standard English spelling"? Hardly - Ð is often replaced with 'dh' or 'd' in an ascii context. I'd actually venture a guess that 'th' is not the most common replacement. So, if Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir should be moved to a "standard English spelling" then what would it be? It just doesn't exist. And surely Ð can be seen as a character of the "English alphabet" with a diacritical mark, just like ł in Stanisław Lem. Most readers unfamiliar with ł are likely to pronounce it like an 'l' rather than like a 'w' but the only way to solve that problem is to provide pronunciation information. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 11:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
There are two different, both important, factors to consider: That's in addition to the distinctions between titles and the body of the article, and between first reference in the body and subsequent references. Gene Nygaard 12:08, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Visual representation: what the reader sees and understands
* Electronic representation: not only what a search engine sees and reports and what the browser's page "Find" function finds, but also things such as the automatic indexing of Wikipedia categories (and the limit of 200 of them displayed on one page is also a factor)
* Good points. I personally think it's important that the reader can find the article starting from different forms using Google or other search engines. That's why I always try to list all possible (or at least all reasonably common) anglicizations of Old Norse character names I write articles about. See Lóðurr for an example. Your note about the indexing is also important. We need to follow ISO standards for alphabetical order of post-ascii characters. We don't wan't Édith Piaf or Árni Magnússon to appear after 'z' or something like that. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 12:23, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* As a particular example of this silliness, go try to find Thorbergur Thordarson in the Category:European writer stubs. What happens when you get to the "T" section and don't find him? What if you use that ever-so-handy navigation tool at the top, to get to a particular letter of the English alphabet? Gene Nygaard 13:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* That's a good example of the problems that can arise. I'd look for Þórbergur Þórðarson under Þ of course but it's true that someone might have an ascii-ized version and look under 'th'. It would be nice if that person would find the man. Books typically solve this with "redirects" in the index. Maybe we could think about something like that - there might be a special flag to put in a redirect page so it would show up in the index. Many redirects are basically misspellings and don't belong in the index but some of them should. Do I make sense? As an aside it's interesting that the 'transliteration' of Þórbergur Þórðarson's name offered above replaces 'ð' with 'd' rather than 'th' as the paragraph I removed proposed. On a final note some books alphabetize 'þ' as if it were 'th' but I don't think that's a good solution for us. It's not in accordance with the relevant ISO standard (ask User:Everype) and it would cause problems for those (like me) who expect 'þ' to be alphabetized as a separate letter. Maybe it could appear both separately and as if it were 'th' in the index. Do you think that would be helpful? - Haukur Þorgeirsson 16:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Well, Thorbergur Thortharson doesn't have a redirect as Thorbergur Thordarson does, it is not the spelling used in the article, and a Google search for "Thorbergur Thordarson" gets 879 hits compared for a big fat goose egg for "Thorbergur Thortharson". So it would have been pretty silly for me to use that spelling. Just goes to show that we'd be ill-advised to let User:Haukurth handle the transliterations for us. I don't doubt that there are times when the edh should be tranliterated as "th", but there's no good reason to do so here.
* You completely missed the point. I am not advocating transliterating Ð as TH - the paragraph I removed is! And according to you this was the consensus you reached here. Look at your own edit and edit summary: . Please read your own edits before saying things like "Just goes to show that we'd be ill-advised to let User:Haukurth handle the transliterations for us." It's your own transliteration method that yields a big fat goose egg. I had nothing to do with it. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* There is no ISO standard revelant to indexing of general encyclopedias in English (or Icelandic, for that matter).
* Nor did I mean to imply that. There are, however, international standards for alphabetizations. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Note also that the Icelandic encyclopedia has Österreich at Austurríki, and unlike this Wikipedia, not even a redirect at Österreich. Let's show that we have as much sense as the Icelanders show in their own Wikipedia, and use the English spellings in our English Wikipedia. Gene Nygaard 21:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Of course. Which is we we have the English article at Austria. How this is relevant to the discussion eludes me. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Seydisfjordur is not 'the English spelling' of Seyðisfjörður, it's just a crudely simplified spelling. A redirect from crudely anglicised spellings to proper spellings allows full searchability and gives our readers the actual names of places. Lodz redirects to Łódź, and that Ł is similar to ð in that it looks like an English letter but is a different letter with a different pronunciation. Austria is not comparable - no-one would suggest we have our article at Österreich because all English-speaking peoples know the country as Austria. You could hardly argue, though, that everyone would somehow know Seyðisfjörður as Seydisfjordur. Worldtraveller 22:15, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* As a point of curiosity I chanced upon a small earth globe in a shop here in London yesterday. I glanced at Iceland there and saw that they had Ísafjörður marked. It was written Isafjördhur. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 09:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* Of course not. Seydisfjord is the English spelling, sometimes written as two words: Seydis Fjord. We throw out those "-ur" endings, too. Where did this example come from, anyway--was it new in your posting?
* Who is this 'we'? Google gives 700 results for your anglicised versions, 256,000 results for the proper spelling. I just chose Seyðisfjörður as a representative examples.
* No, the mere existence of a redirect does not "allow full searchability". Not even for those appearances in titles. However, the most obvious thing you have failed to consider is that this doesn't deal only with titles, and involves words which do not even have articles of their own, which might appear either unlinked or as redlinks.
* If I search for Lodz, I get the article at Łódź. I just don't see any real argument to pretend to our readers that it's called Lodz, or that Seyðisfjörður is called Seydisfjord.
* And you totally missed the point about Austria, which is where it should be in English (with a redirect from Österreich here, something the Icelanders arguing so adamantly here about "correct" spelling don't even have enough sense to put in their own Wikipedia). Gene Nygaard 22:42, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* I don't think you can attack Icelandic users of the English Wikipedia for failings you perceive among Icelandic users of the Icelandic Wikipedia, and accusing them of not having 'enough sense' could be construed as quite offensive. Worldtraveller 23:02, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Let's expand on that "full searchability" nonsense with the example I gave in an edit summary. Go to the Wikipedia search box (location on your page probably depends on skin you are using) and enter "Thingvellir" and hit "Search" (not "Go", which serves a differnet purpose; that's why ther3e are two buttons). Do you see Geysir in the results list? There is in fact an English Wikipedia redirect from Thingvellir to the article now at Þingvellir, but that is of no utility whatsoever if you are using the Wikipedia search function to find articles which mention "Thingvellir" by entering that in the box. That is most definitely not full searchability. Gene Nygaard 22:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, the Wikipedia search engine is crap. I would, nevertheless, welcome the anglicized/ascii-ized version "Thingvellir" somewhere on the Þingvellir page, solving this problem. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 23:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Please don't pick on the Icelandic Wikipedia. We're a small country. We only have about 3500 articles at the moment. Our article on Austria is just a template/stub. We don't have a lot of redirects yet. And I actually beat this "enough sense" comment of yours by one minute in actually putting a redirect at is:Österreich.
* But this thing about "Seydis Fjord" is news to me. It's also news to Google which goes 9350 to 44 for English pages on Seyðisfjörður and "Seydis Fjord" respectively. But I'm not one to go by Google tests. Are you proposing a move to Seydis Fjord? That's a quixotic idea if I ever heard one. And how far does this "throw out those -ur endings" rule of yours go anyhow? Should Þórbergur Þórðarson be moved to Thorberg Thordarson? Come to think of it is there an "English spelling" for my name? Do tell me what it is. "Hauk Thorgeirsson", perhaps? :) - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* If you are going to leave it up to me, I hereby dub you "Hawk Thompson". That wouldn't be all out of line with the choices real Scandinavians have made upon emigrating to New Zealand or Canada or the United States. But you actually know English well enough so that you can make your own choice, and most of us will probably defer to you if we write a Wikipedia article (other than your user page) about you. Gene Nygaard 14:50, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* Thank you :) The question actually isn't just academic since I already have emigrated to the United Kingdom since last month for an indetermined period of time. I still go by the name "Haukur Þorgeirsson" - my contract with my employer even has a nice thorn in it. I'll admit that it's somewhat grating that no-one seems to be able to pronounce Haukur and I've thought about adopting some convenient nickname. Is Hawk a normal English name? That might be a good option, it's even the descendant of the same Proto-Germanic word as Haukur (something like *habukaz). I don't know about Thompson, though... - Haukur Þorgeirsson 15:57, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* You forgot the one-word English version. This example, of course, is due in part to the fact that fjord is a word fully assimilated into English; we talk about the fjords of Alaska and New Zealand, as well as those of Iceland and Norway.
* Actually fjord is spelt fiord in New Zealand. --Mark from Oz 05:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* I wasn't picking on Iceland Wikipedia, merely trying to show you how your perspective changes when the spelling is foreign to you, as the Icelandic spelling is to most English speakers. Gene Nygaard
* Throwing out the "-ur" endings in English is no different from the Icelanders slapping on an "-ur" ending to Noreg for Noregur, is it? And why shouldn't we use the English Norway, or the Icelandic Noregur for that matter, for a country spelled differently in its own two official Norwegian languages: Norge and Noreg? Gene Nygaard 15:21, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* The Icelandic Noregur, the Norwegian Noreg and the Dano-Norwegian Norge are ultimately all descendants of the Old Norse Nórvegr. We haven't slapped the nominative ending onto anything, the mainland Scandinavians have dropped it along the way. But however that may be throwing out the nominative endings of Icelandic names is not standard practice in English anymore. It's true that it used to be done a lot in the 19th century and survives in some fossilized forms. As for the Icelandic Wikipedia it is quite small and hasn't developed its naming conventions very far yet. We don't even have an article on Stalingrad Zürich/Zurich yet so I can't tell you how it will come out :) I do notice that the Icelandic article on Switzerland lists the name as Zürich. The character ü is not used in Icelandic but I personally see no problem in using it for foreign proper names. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 15:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* "Someone might have an ascii-ized version and look under 'th'..." The vast majority of our readers will look under th. Most of them, if they don't find it there, will stop at that point. Let's serve the great majority of our readers first, and please let's not require or expect them to know non-English alphabets. CDThieme 20:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* What on Earth gives you the idea that "the vast majority" of our readers will do that? Most people who want to read up on a relatively obscure Icelandic person are probably Icelandic themselves, or at least familiar with Icelandic names and Icelandic orthography. Thus they are likely to expect a Þ - and they should because that's what we're using. It's also worth mentioning that Icelanders and Scandinavians frequently transliterate 'Þ' as 'T' as well as 'Th'. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 21:42, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
Wikipedia is written for a broad general audience. The articles may contain difficult or specialized material, but article title should be as accesable as possible. We can't assume readers are Icelandic or know Icelandic or any language but English in the English Wikipedia. Putting a "relatively obscure Icelandic person" in characters most readers don't know is going to ensure that person stays obscure. Let's not do that. Jonathunder 22:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* You make it sound like more people will find the article on Þórbergur Þórðarson if it's moved to an ascii-ized spelling. I just don't see how that's supposed to work. People find articles on Wikipedia mostly through links. Or through searching. And people are more likely to search for the actual name, "Þórbergur Þórðarson", than any of several possible ascii-ized versions. And we have redirects. And we already have one ascii-ized version at the page. I just don't see any "obscurity" problem with keeping the article at its current place. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
I think it's important to note that major revisions to the MoS shouldn't be done until after a consensus is made. "This page is a style guide for Wikipedia. The consensus of many editors formed the conventions described here. Wikipedia articles should heed these rules. Feel free to update this page as needed, but please use the discussion page to propose major changes." I understand why someone would hold a hard stance on this, but please act tactfully before removing entire paragraphs dealing with many languages.glocks out 20:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Please quit removing the paragraph until this dispute is settled. Follow the official 3RR policy. glocks out 22:08, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* This paragraph was inserted only last week in this edit: . I don't see any consensus for it on this talk page or even much discussion of it. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Sorry, I didn't realize that was why it was being deleted. There has been much discussion about this topic, not Icelandic specifically, but along this debate. German eszet discussion is in the archives now. There is also a talk on this here. glocks out 23:07, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* Thank you. Your advice is sound. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 23:16, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* The German eszet discussion should not have been archived, because it is still part of an ongoing discussion. -- Mark from Oz 05:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* Yes. The eszet discussion was archived prematurely. Bring it back, please. --Tysto 21:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
* User:Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason: Thank you for the long list of articles demonstrating that English Wikipedia has been invaded by Vikings. 99% of English speakers would have no idea how to pronounce those words because they are not written in English. These characters belong in brackets after the English transliteration, like other foreign spelling guides. I'm especially shocked to find that not only are non-English characters used regularly in Iceland-related article titles, but the authors don't even bother to provide pronunciation guides! --Tysto 21:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
* I would support the inclusion of pronunciation information (IPA + sound files) for every one of those articles. I would also support the inclusion of ascii versions in the lead for them. But please don't miss the point that it's largely the <1% of English speakers which does have some clue on how to pronounce these names which will be interested in the articles to begin with. I will not support transliteration of proper names from languages written in the Latin alphabet. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
* The list demonstrates that there is interest on the English Wikipedia to provide articles about Iceland. Most of these articles could be expanded and one of the things many of them need is a pronouciation guide or something similar. This should make us strive to do better, provide more information, not to distort the information we already have. And anyway, if we took out the latin alphabet characters (Þ and Ð) you don't like, even less people would be able to pronounce the words. Compare Ó Siochfhradha (there is a pronounciation guide in the article (so don't look :) and I think that's commendable). However if we forget about the Ó would you say that this is "written in English"? The second word is string of letters from the 26 letter alphabet you are so fond of. Can you seriously say that this is pronounceable to "99% of English speakers"? The aim of getting rid of Ð and Þ can not be to make titles more pronounceable unless you also want to change Siochfhradha into something quite funny looking. Edinborgarstefan 22:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
Unicode collation charts
It seems that things would be better if the category lists sorted using the Unicode collation algorithm.[click "Latin"] Á is sorted with A, Ð comes after D, and Þ comes after Z. Anyone know if this is a planned feature? —Michael Z. 2005-10-8 15:39 Z
Forget the diffrences between foreign languages as these things are decided by national committes there are likly do be differences between UK (or GB as ISO calls it!) and US collation algorithm!
* Mm-hm. I guess "likely to be differences" means we don't know whether there are any, so the point is moot. Implementing the Unicode collation algorithm:
* Avoids having to pick a national standard
* Is hopefully already implemented in software
* Accommodates all writing systems
* —Michael Z. 2005-10-9 16:36 Z
* What you are referring to is something that is called a default multilanguage European sorting, or something along those lines, isn't it? This isn't a multilanguage encyclopedia, however; it is an English-language encyclopedia. So English-language sorting is appropriate; and as the commenator pointed out above, there may be several different such standards in various countries using the English language, even if they share the same 26-letter alphabet as a basis for that sorting. Gene Nygaard 19:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* It's just called the Unicode Collation Algorithm, and it is intended to be applied to multi-lingual text. Is there an international English-language collation algorithm that takes into account letters such as Á, Ð, and Þ? If not, then using the Unicode algorithm would certainly be better than the current state where Á comes after Z in category listings.
* The Unicode people also seem to be documenting the differences between national and platform-specific collation systems in their Common Locale Data Repository, but it seems to be quite preliminary. —Michael Z. 2005-10-9 21:53 Z
* The whole answer to the sort question seems to have been a camel instead of the horse the committees wanted. If on a POSIX compliant system/language, (with the LOCALE set to GB or US) one specifies the range "a-z" for a sort then the range of letters returned depends on whether one sorts forwards or backwards because in a forward sort it is defined as "Aa-Zz" but backwards sort it is defined as "aA-zZ" and as one does not normally have control over the algorythm used: "Z" will be included if the sort is forwards but not if it is backwards! Philip Baird Shearer 11:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* Why does this matter to us? On my Mac, the UNIX shell's reverse sort for file names (ls -lr) is exactly the reverse of the regular sort, even when file names include "Z", "Zz" and "Þ". The Finder appears to sort using the Unicode collation algorithm, which appears much more sensible. Apple has implemented a more sensible system in their interface, and so should Wikipedia. —Michael Z. 2005-10-9 16:36 Z
You miss understood what I wrote. It is not the way with "ls" works it is the way that the POSIX standard was implemented collation algorithms. Each country has a committee which decides the issues, so potentially there can be differences between the US and other English speaking countries. As these POSIX standards reflect ISO standards, it is possible that in future collation algorithms in different English speaking countries will not be the same when implementing the collation in other character types. But to give you a practical example on your UNIX box. Create a directory. cd to that dir: and these It may be that your UNIX uses a forward or backward sort the results of the last two tests will tell you which :-( --Philip Baird Shearer 17:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* touch C D ; LC_COLLATE=en_US sh -c 'echo [a-z]' ; rm -f C D
* touch C D ; LC_COLLATE=C sh -c 'echo [a-z]' ; rm -f C D
* touch a b c d z; LC_COLLATE=en_GB echo [A-Z]; rm -f a b c d z
* touch A B C D Z; LC_COLLATE=en_GB echo [a-z]; rm -f A B C D Z
* Those examples just echo the string "[a-z]", etc., on my machine, but I think I get the idea. Still, I don't see why we would be mandated to use any particular national variety of POSIX sorting algorithm (although I suppose a user's preference setting could choose their preferred variety). Why not implement the Unicode collation charts to sort category listings on Wikipedia? —Michael Z. 2005-10-9 18:36 Z | WIKI |
In our fractions study, we explored the three images of 1/4 that are above on the right. Students quickly identified and explained how they knew the first and second images show 1/4. There was a lot of discussion about the final image. Some students immediately identified it as showing 1/4. Others were in complete opposition to that idea. After students explained their thinking, on both sides. I folded a couple of pages. I made ones to represent the first two images and students were all together on their thinking. Then I folded the rectangular paper and placed two rectangles over the bottom half of the squares paper. There were audible gasps as students recognized the fourths that looked different. (Not everyone was in agreement, even then, but many students had quite the aha.)
This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink. | FINEWEB-EDU |
sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin - 0.0.2
Symfony simple Google sitemap plugin
You are currently browsing
the website for symfony 1
Visit the Symfony2 website
« Back to the Plugins Home
Signin
Forgot your password?
Create an account
Tools
Stats
advanced search
Information Readme Releases Changelog Contribute
Show source
sfSimpleGoogleSitemap plugin
The sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin adds ability for a Symfony website to generate Google Sitemap (sitemap.xml).
Originally was built to go together with sfSimpleBlogPlugin, but it is configurable through app.yml, and so should be usable for other plugins.
Visit sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin blog to leave comment, suggestion, etc.
Contents
It contains one module that you can activate in whatever application you need them:
• sfSimpleGoogleSitemap
Installation
To install the plugin for a symfony project, the usual process is to use the symfony command line:
For Symfony 1.1 and 1.2:
$ php symfony plugin:install sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin
For Symfony 1.0:
$ php symfony plugin-install sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin
Alternatively, if you don't have PEAR installed, you can download the latest package attached to this plugin's wiki page and extract it under your project's plugins/ directory.
For symfony 1.2, enable the plugin in the project's configuration.
// in config/app/ProjectConfiguration.class.php
class ProjectConfiguration extends sfProjectConfiguration
{
public function setup()
{
$this->enablePlugins(array('sfPropelPlugin', 'sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin'));
}
}
Enable the module in your applications, via the settings.yml file.
// in myproject/apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
all:
.settings:
enabled_modules: [default, sfSimpleGoogleSitemap]
Add the following to your routing.yml.
gsitemap:
url: /gsitemap
param: { module: sfSimpleGoogleSitemap, action: index }
Or, if you want you could route it to /sitemap.xml:
• in apps/yourapp/config/routing.yml sitemap_xml: url: /sitemap.xml param: { module: sfSimpleGoogleSitemap, action: index }
• and modify your web/.htaccess:
...
we skip all files with .something
comment the following 3 lines to allow periods in routes
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ..+$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !.html$
add this for sitemap.xml:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !sitemap.xml$ RewriteRule .* - [L] ...
Clear cache.
symfony cc
Start using the plugin by browsing to the frontend module's default page:
http://myproject/frontend_dev.php/gsitemap
Or
http://myproject/frontend_dev.php/sitemap.xml
Visit sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin blog to leave comment, suggestion, etc.
Configuration
The app.yml file
The plugin is highly configurable and should be easy to integrate to an existing project. Here is the default plugin configuration, taken from myproject/plugins/sfSimpleGoogleSitemapPlugin/config/app.yml.sample:
Note: the provided sample is for serving sitemap for sfSimpleBlogPlugin.
all:
sfSimpleGoogleSitemap:
urls: # define multiple static urls here
homepage: # just a name
url: http://yoursite.com # full URL, e.g.: with http:// prefix
freq: daily # must be either: always, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, never
priority: 1.0 # 1.0 is top priority (100%) compared to 0.2 which is less priority (20%)
models: # define multiple models to generate sitemap from
sfSimpleBlogPost: # name of model class
module: sfSimpleBlog # name of module for the url to make up the url
action: show # name of action for the url to make up the url
params: # parameters for the url
stripped_title: getStrippedTitle # name : method to get the parameter value
date: getCreatedAt # method to get date last updated for the url
criteria: # criterias to filter the records to include in the sitemap
is_published: 1 # column_name : value
freq: daily # must be either: always, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, never
priority: 0.2 # 1.0 is top priority (100%) compared to 0.2 which is less priority (20%)
You can customize these settings in myproject/apps/myapp/config/app.yml
TODO
• Make it write to a physical sitemap.xml file instead of generating it on the fly
• Add option to serve compressed sitemap, for large website?
• Support more complex criteria (perhaps even make another plugin that parses yml criteria?) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Fall Down (will.i.am song)/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Prism (talk · contribs) 19:19, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
Disambiguation links (per Dablinks)
* ''Dablinks denotes one disambiguation link that needs correction.
External links (per Checklinks)
* Checklinks does not denote any external link that needs correction.
Spot-checking to search for WP:OR
* One problem with "It was released to Australian radio stations in July 2013 as the third single from the record" inline citation: it does not specifically appear that it was released in July. It kind of hints at that but it doesn't really specify. Reword.
* Rest is alright.
Lead section
* "and was certified gold in both countries" → ", being certified gold in both countries."
Critical reception
* "felt like one of #willpower's "interminable 15 tracks were written in the studio moments before they were recorded." → "felt like one of #willpower's "interminable 15 tracks [that] were written in the studio [...]"
* "delivered on "Ashtrays and Heartbreaks" Snoop Lion" → "delivered on Cyrus' collaboration with [nationality adjective] rapper Snoop Lion, "Ashtrays & Heartbreaks" (2013).
* "Contact Music" is actually Contactmusic.com.
* "which Brent Faulkner agreed was "utterly ridiculous"." → although he agrees with the lyrics comment, the "utterly ridiculous" comment was directed to the song itself and not to the actual lyrics. Could you make a separate sentence? Also, add 'from PopMatters' next to Faulkner.
Charts / Certifications
* Merge the two sections, adding a template.
Comments
* As usual, a good read and just a few comments to address. I will not have any problem passing this, I guess. 19:19, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
* Thank you for your review, I appreciate it! WikiRedactor (talk) 22:24, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
Second read-through and result
* I'm happy with the changes made, so, congratulations! prism △ 14:15, 7 January 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
How long does it take a healthy couple to get pregnant?
Most couples are able to get pregnant within six months to a year. If you’re unable to conceive after a full year of trying, it’s a good idea to consult a fertility specialist. Sometimes there’s an obvious cause of infertility, like a physical problem with the ovaries, uterus, or testicles.
How many tries does it take the average couple to get pregnant?
According to a survey from Channel Mum, couples are having a lot of sex before they finally get that positive pregnancy test. The Channel Mum team carried out a survey of 1,194 parents—and the couples surveyed had sex 78 times on average before conceiving.
How often do couples get pregnant on the first try?
According to infertility research, the likelihood of getting pregnant in the first month is around 30% . For people without fertility issues, the approximate chances of conception are: 75% after 6 months.
What percent of couples get pregnant the first month trying?
Of all couples trying to conceive: 30 percent get pregnant within the first cycle (about one month). 60 percent get pregnant within three cycles (about three months).
IT\'S AMAZING: Can antibiotics harm my unborn baby?
How can I boost my fertility?
16 Natural Ways to Boost Fertility
1. Eat foods rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants like folate and zinc may improve fertility for both men and women. …
2. Eat a bigger breakfast. …
3. Avoid trans fats. …
4. Cut down on carbs if you have PCOS. …
5. Eat fewer refined carbs. …
6. Eat more fiber. …
7. Swap protein sources. …
8. Choose high fat dairy.
Is it easier to get pregnant the second time?
It’s easy to assume that getting pregnant a second time is a cinch. And often, it is! But more couples actually experience secondary infertility — infertility that shows up after you’ve already had at least one baby — than primary infertility (infertility the first time around).
Why didn’t I get pregnant when I was ovulating?
If you’re not ovulating, you won’t be able to get pregnant. Anovulation is a common cause of female infertility and it can be triggered by many conditions. Most women who are experiencing ovulation problems have irregular periods. However, regular menstrual cycles don’t guarantee that ovulation is occurring.
How many months did it take to conceive?
81 percent were pregnant after 6 months. 92 percent were pregnant after 12 months. In their conclusion, the researchers wrote, “Most couples conceive within six cycles with timed intercourse.” After a year of trying without conceiving, experts say you should see a fertility specialist.
Why does it take so long to get pregnant?
Ovulation. One possible problem is that ovulation may not occur every month. If you’ve recently stopped taking hormonal contraception, ovulation may be delayed or irregular for a short time. If you’ve been using a contraceptive injection, ovulation may be delayed or irregular for up to a year.
IT\'S AMAZING: Frequent question: Is there an increased need for protein during pregnancy?
Can I get pregnant after 2 years of trying?
One study found that among couples having regular unprotected sex: aged 19 to 26 – 92% will conceive after 1 year and 98% after 2 years. aged 35 to 39 – 82% will conceive after 1 year and 90% after 2 years.
Can you conceive on the first try?
Yes, a girl can become pregnant the first time she has sex. Anytime a girl has vaginal sex with a guy, she is at risk for becoming pregnant. Even if a guy ejaculates outside of but near a girl’s vagina or pulls out before he comes, a girl can get pregnant.
How can I get pregnant fast naturally in 2 months?
Here are some helpful steps you can take:
1. Talk to your gynecologist. Before you start trying to get pregnant, visit your gynecologist. …
2. Track your ovulation. …
3. Implement good habits. …
4. Eat a balanced diet. …
5. Exercise regularly. …
6. Maintain a healthy weight. …
7. Start taking folate supplements.
What are the symptoms of poor egg quality?
Symptoms of diminished ovarian reserve
• difficulty getting pregnant.
• late or absent menstrual periods.
• shorter menstrual cycles than average, with the average being 28 days.
• heavy menstrual flow.
• miscarriage.
Is one time sperm enough for pregnancy?
How many sperm do you need to get pregnant? It takes just one sperm to fertilize a woman’s egg. Keep in mind, though, for each sperm that reaches the egg, there are millions that don’t. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tutorial section - SMS
Send SMS with SMPP using NodeJS
Sending SMS with the SMPP API using the NodeJS programming language
The node-smpp library can be used to make SMPP requests using Node.js. This library can be used to submit SMS to an SMS gateway or SMSC.
SMPP requirements
SMPP is the Short Message Peer-to-Peer protocol for conveying SMS operations. An SMPP account can easily be obtained for using the Tyr SMS Gateway or SMSC Simulator. The following are required to send SMS with SMPP:
NodeJS requirements
Ruby is a programming language and can be used to quickly and easily add SMS support for programmatically sending and receiving SMS messages. The following are required to send SMS using NodeJS:
• Node.js - Node.js is a scripting/programming language
Requirements
The following are required to send SMS with SMPP using NodeJS:
• node-smpp - SMPP client and server implementation in Node.js.
Code
Create the file sendsms.js containing the code below. Replace the hostname smscsim.melroselabs.com, port 2775, SYSTEMID and PASSWORD values with those from your SMPP API account. Alternatively, replace SYSTEMID and PASSWORD with those allocated to you for use with the Melrose Labs SMSC Simulator.
The following example Node.js code opens an SMPP transmitter bind to smscsim.melroselabs.com on port 2775 (SMPP port), and then sends the message Hello World #$£ to mobile number 447712345678 from MelroseLabs. The message ID returned in $messageID is that returned from the SMS gateway or SMSC after a successful submission. The SMPP system ID and password for the SMPP account are contained in SYSTEMID and PASSWORD respectively.
var smpp = require('smpp');
var session = smpp.connect('smpp://smscsim.melroselabs.com:2775');
session.bind_transceiver({
system_id: 'SYSTEMID',
password: 'PASSWORD'
}, function(pdu) {
if (pdu.command_status == 0) {
// Successfully bound
session.submit_sm({
destination_addr: '447712345678',
short_message: 'Hello World €$£'
}, function(pdu) {
if (pdu.command_status == 0) {
// Message successfully sent
console.log(pdu.message_id);
}
});
}
}); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ITEXTSHARP ADDING TEXT TO EXISTING PDF
This is the third in a series of articles that looks at using the open source component, iTextSharp from within to generate PDFs. Just as. In this chapter, we’ll add an annotation, some text, and an extra field to an existing form. We’ll also change some properties while filling out the form. We’ll then. I am not sure that PDF writers take account of newline characters. Looking at http ://?id=[^] I think you need to.
Author: Moogunos Gardak
Country: Central African Republic
Language: English (Spanish)
Genre: Travel
Published (Last): 18 November 2013
Pages: 14
PDF File Size: 11.75 Mb
ePub File Size: 11.65 Mb
ISBN: 583-3-70429-476-8
Downloads: 25539
Price: Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]
Uploader: Murg
How to add line of text to existing PDF using iTextSharp and C# .Net |
It is in the Page class. GetImportedPage reader, 1 ; cb. My requirement is 1. In the examples for chapter 1 to 3, we’ve always created a new PDF document from scratch with iText. In G you try tetx fit the content inside a rectangle.
The title sums it all. GetInstance document, outStream ; document.
Inserting Text To an Existing Pdf using Itext – CodeProject
This way, we can use a mix of low-level and convenience methods. We have tried rxisting keep the examples simple, but that also means that we’ve cut some corners. In addition to the excellent answers above, the following shows how to add text to each page of a multi-page document: CreateFont12 ; cb.
Close ; You can download the complete C code of this tutorial from here. How to extract text from PDF file in asp.
We use the setMediaBox method to change the page size. This had the effect of setting the itexysharp size to 0, which is the value that the constant is set to. Do you remember the report of the UFO sightings in the 20th century we created in chapter 3? The document shown in figure 6. You can download the complete C code of this tutorial from here. The same goes for adding fields to a PdfAcroForm instance:.
Finally, you could also create the new file in memory using a ByteArrayOutputStream, and then overwrite the original file using these bytes.
These are practical examples that can be used existung solve common problems with the help of PdfStamper, and using the concept of writing to the direct content as discussed in topic 3.
The ChangePage example shows how this was done. What if we’d like to add a header, a watermark and a footer saying “page X of Y” to this existing report? The code to add the text is similar to what we did in chapter 2. We added an annotation, some text, and an extra field to an existing form.
A page can have different page boundaries, one of which isn’t optional: Will the document eventually have 9 pages or ? We’ll start by adding a text annotation, some text, and a new check box.
Adding content with PdfStamper Part 1 (iText 5)
NOTE The methods getOverContent and getUnderContent give you the option to write exisying the direct content on a layer that goes on top of or below the existing content. Provide an answer or move on to the next question. SetFontAndSize bf, 8 cb. Of course, you should always use try There are different ways to work around this. If iam having more than existinf pdf, how it is possible to insert text in more than 1 pdf.
Chapter 5: Manipulating an existing PDF document
Jump-Start Tutorial Chapter 5: Hope this gives you a start for you ppt to adding text boxes to pdf form on pdfcoding. You can add content between the constructor and the close method.
Close Return 0 End Function. In which library are “Request” and “Response” located? Paragraphs derive from Phrase, so they autommatically fit text within the horizontal boundaries of the document, but they also force a new line for each paragraph just as in any word processing application.
When answering a question existijg Adding content with Otextsharp Part 1 iText 5. You create a small canvas up front, but you can only add the page number once the document is completely finished.
It will contain only 5 pages. NewLineor even Chunk. Aditya It’s really world’s best learning Center. I am not sure that PDF writers take account of newline characters. The following shows the earlier example with p. Really, all they should be used for is. Tony Santos 1, 2 18 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template Parameter Declarations
If you declare a parameter declaration in a template, Qute will attempt to validate all expressions that reference this parameter. If an incorrect expression is found the build will fail. This can greatly reduce developer errors upfront. Let's exercise this.
Create a new class at src/main/java/org/acme/Item.java and enter in the body:
package org.acme;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class Item {
public String name;
public BigDecimal price;
public Item(BigDecimal price, String name) {
this.price = price;
this.name = name;
}
}
Creating the Template
Now, suppose we want to render a simple HTML page that contains the item name and price. First, create a directory from the root directory of the project:
mkdir -p src/main/resources/templates/ItemResource
Create a Qute template in that directory named item.html and enter the following body:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>{item.name}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{item.name}</h1>
<div>Price: {item.price}</div>
</body>
</html>
Creating the Service
The next step is to create a simple service to mock up a database of items. Create a new file at src/main/java/org/acme/ItemService.java and enter the following code:
package org.acme;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
@ApplicationScoped
public class ItemService {
private Map<Integer, Item> items = Map.of(
1, new Item(new BigDecimal(1.99), "Apple"),
2, new Item(new BigDecimal(2.99), "Pear"),
3, new Item(new BigDecimal(3.99), "Grape"),
4, new Item(new BigDecimal(129.99), "Mango")
);
public Item findItem(int id) {
return items.get(id);
}
}
Creating the REST Endpoint
The last step is to create the REST endpoint to access the service. This implementation will use a type-safe template. Create a new file at src/main/java/org/acme/qute/ItemResource.java and enter the following:
package org.acme;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import io.quarkus.qute.TemplateInstance;
import io.quarkus.qute.CheckedTemplate;
@Path("item")
public class ItemResource {
@Inject
ItemService service;
@CheckedTemplate
public static class Templates {
public static native TemplateInstance item(Item item);
}
@GET
@Path("{id}")
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_HTML)
public TemplateInstance get(@PathParam("id") Integer id) {
return Templates.item(service.findItem(id));
}
}
In this implementation, a static Templates inner class is created with a method called item(). That method provides a TemplateInstance for templates/ItemResource/item.html and declare its Item item parameter so Quarkus can validate the template.
The value of item is passed in the endpoint as id. This parameter is used to render the template when the REST endpoint is called. You can test this endpoint out by running:
curl http://localhost:8080/item/1
You should see an HTML result that shows "Apple" and its price:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Apple</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Apple</h1>
<div>Price: 1.9899999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375</div>
</body>
</html>
You can also see an actual HTML rendering in your browser using the same URL.
Template Parameter Declaration Inside the Template
Alternatively, to declare that a template is expecting an Item type, you can declare it in the template file itself by adding an additional type and parameter name. This simplifies the Java code while still maintaining type checking.
Update the src/main/resources/templates/ItemResource/item.html file and replace the existing contents with the following body:
{@org.acme.Item item}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>{item.name}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{item.name}</h1>
<div>Price: {item.price}</div>
</body>
</html>
Notice the first line, which is an optional parameter declaration. If declared, Qute attempts to validate all expressions that reference the parameter item.
Now the ItemResource class needs to be updated (and simplified) to let the type checking occur by the template itself. Open the src/main/java/org/acme/ItemResource.java file and replace its existing contents with:
package org.acme;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import io.quarkus.qute.TemplateInstance;
import io.quarkus.qute.Location;
import io.quarkus.qute.Template;
@Path("item")
public class ItemResource {
@Inject
ItemService service;
@Inject
@Location("ItemResource/item")
Template item;
@GET
@Path("{id}")
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_HTML)
public TemplateInstance get(@PathParam("id") Integer id) {
return item.data("item", service.findItem(id));
}
}
Since the code is functionally the same, running the same test as before should produce the same result:
curl http://localhost:8080/item/1
If you made any errors, you'll see them immediately in the rendered output (the Live Coding rebuild will fail).
If you did not see errors, congratulations! But let's see what happens if you did. Open the src/main/resources/templates/ItemResource/item.html file and change the parameter look up on line 6 from:
{item.name}
to
{item.nonsense}
Exercise the bug by accessing the REST endpoint in a web browser:
http://localhost:8080/item/1
You should see an error on the web page:
Image
Error page
Qute checks the syntax and will fail the build (and result in a prettified HTML error screen if accessed through a browser) when syntax errors are detected in the template. This makes it very easy to quickly iterate, update code and template, and see the results.
Before Moving On
Be sure to change the value back to {item.name}! You won't need to restart the Quarkus process; simply access the REST endpoint again and Quarkus will fix itself.
Tags:
Quarkus, Java, Qute
Daniel Oh
Daniel Oh
Senior Principal Developer Advocate
Daniel Oh is a Senior Principal Developer Advocate at Red Hat. He works to evangelize building cloud-native microservices and serverless functions with cloud-native runtimes to developers. He also continues to contribute to various open-source cloud projects and ecosystems as a Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) ambassador for accelerating DevOps adoption in enterprises. Daniel also speaks at technical seminars, workshops, and meetups to elaborate on new emerging technologies for enterprise developers, SREs, platform engineers, and DevOps teams. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
EEEWWW! Addressing the Gross Factor of Bulimia
Do you think that bulimia is gross? Bulimia often feels shameful, both for the people who have it and the people who love them.
A lot of people think bulimia is the ickiest form of disordered eating. But let’s try to shift our perspective to one of love. Let’s evaluate why the person who has bulimia developed an eating disorder in the first place.
Food Restriction
Binging and purging often define bulimia. But did you know that almost all people who have bulimia begin with restricting food? Most will spend hours, days, or even months and years restricting food and dieting. This restriction often meets the same level as someone who has anorexia.
A person who has bulimia rarely discusses their intense efforts to restrict their food intake. This is because they often see themselves as failures because they do ultimately eat, rather than maintaining endless restriction. In fact, there is a common belief among people in recovery that bulimia is just anorexia for people who can’t hack it.
Of course this isn’t true. Bulimia is a complex disorder driven by a combination of the restrict – binge – purge cycle. It may be the most complex eating disorder given that it often has the largest variety of behaviors.
When restricting, the body’s biological drive for food often overcomes even the most incredible willpower. The result is a binge eating episode. Many times these episodes would qualify as a normal meal for a person who was not restricting. But for someone who has an eating disorder, almost any food eaten when they are supposed to be restricting is considered “too much.” The person who has bulimia purges to overcome the biological drive to eat. This is exacerbated under starvation conditions.
Parenting for positive food and body
Binge Eating
Binge eating varies in terms of quantity eaten. As previously mentioned, a person who has bulimia may consider a normal-sized meal a “binge” that needs to be purged. Other times, a person who has bulimia will spend weeks starving themselves. Then they will succumb to the biological need for food. They may enter a trance-like state in which they grab for any food available. This helps soothe their body’s overwhelming demand for sustenance.
Binge eating has a really bad reputation, but it is actually a life-saving activity in these cases. The body is literally starving, and drives the person to consume food to make up the deficit. People who binge eat often describe themselves as having “out of body” experiences while eating. They do not feel as if they are in control of how much food they eat. However, binge eating is often a return to the body. The body is demanding food, and the mind is “switched off” to accommodate the biological need.
Binge eating quantities vary by person. Binge eating is primarily defined by how the person feels about what they ate. Namely, most people who have bulimia feel deep shame about the food they have eaten.
Purging
Purge behavior is what makes most people think bulimia is gross. When a person who has bulimia goes through the restrict – binge cycle, they often feel deeply ashamed. They mistakenly believe that they lack willpower and are a failure. They fear the impact of the food on their bodies, and imagine the pounds piling on instantly.
Additionally, binge eating after restriction feels physically uncomfortable. Someone who has been restricting food for an extended period of time often seeks and even enjoys the feeling of emptiness and hollowness. When they binge eat, their stomach stretches and may become painfully distended.
In response to these physical and emotional feelings, people who have bulimia follow binge eating episodes with purge behaviors. The most common purge behaviors are vomiting, utilizing laxatives; and exercising in a specific effort to rid oneself of the calories consumed during a binge eating episode.
The purge part of bulimia can seem really gross. This is especially true of vomiting and laxative use, it’s important to remember that these behaviors are adaptive. The person who has bulimia purges not because they love the purge itself. They purge because they are seeking to alleviate the pain they are feeling.
Why bulimia works so well
Over time, binging and purging becomes a powerful form of self-care. This is why bulimia is particularly hard to treat. To recover, we must learn self-soothing behaviors that address all three stages of the disorder (restrict – binge eat – purge). Both binge eating disorder and anorexia require intensive treatment. It makes sense that bulimia, which includes both of those plus purging, is complex.
Here’s a breakdown of how bulimia can become embedded as a self-soothing condition:
Restriction – creates feelings of self-sufficiency, independence, cleanliness, and goodness. Restricting food is so common in our society that it is considered normal. Most people associate people who are thin and restrict food as having more willpower. They assume thin people are more intelligent, and “better.”
Binge Eating – is a biologically-driven response to restriction. The body craves food, and the mind is taken out of the equation so the body gets what it needs. Over time, the eating itself may feel soothing, even though the person doing it feels deep shame afterwards.
Purging – can feel like the only option when a person who is driven to restrict food eats food. They feel physical and emotional discomfort based on their behavior, and the sense of shame and failure is pervasive. The best way to alleviate this pain is to purge the food, therefore (in the person’s mind) negating the binge. It’s a way to turn back time and return to a sense of “goodness.”
parent coach
Reimagining bulimia
It’s true that bulimia is often thought of as the yuckiest eating disorder. But in fact it makes perfect sense when we understand the drivers that underlie the behaviors.
As with all eating disorders, it doesn’t make sense to criticize the behaviors and try to control them. Instead, it really helps to accept them as adaptations that the person made in order to survive. Bulimia seems like the most natural and the only way to live for someone who is inside the disorder.
We can achieve recovery, and we can help our loved ones recover. This requires the understanding that bulimia may seem gross, but it’s a form of self-care. The road to recovery is based on replacing eating disorder beliefs and behaviors with more positive and healthy beliefs and behaviors.
Restriction is the desire to be “good.” The binge is a biological need to fill oneself. And the purge is the urge to free oneself from discomfort. With this understanding, we can see how bulimia is often an attempt to provide self-care and self-love.
To understand this more, take a look at our video about Maladaptive Coping Behaviors:
Give Love
Of course, each person who has bulimia experiences it a little differently. But regardless of exactly how they experience bulimia, their path to healing is most likely through love.
Try not to get hung up on the gross factor of the purge. Instead, support your loved one through recovery. Give them extra love and care as they adapt to new self-soothing behaviors. Help them adapt to healthy ways to soothe and calm themselves. Support them when they make a mistake or find themselves relapsing.
Bulimia cannot be controlled or shamed into submission. It cannot be hated away. Instead, it needs intense love and commitment for a person to recover into a new way of living.
If you love someone who has bulimia, then please approach them from a loving, healing perspective. Tame your ick factor with recognition of the fact that this is a person who needs love.
There are many pathways required to heal bulimia. One essential path is that the person needs to learn new ways to love and care for themselves. This process can be helped tremendously if the people who love them accept their fundamental need for love and care.
Less ick. More love.
Ginny Jones is the editor of More-Love.org. She writes about parenting, body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders. Ginny is also a Parent Coach who helps parents handle their kids’ food and body issues.
Thanks to Kristen Wiig as Aunt Linda for the photo!
Comments 2
1. This could have been a really good article but the beginning started off negative for too many sentences. It is a disease. Gross or disgusting as a portrait should have been in one sentence to lead – no more.
1. Post
Author
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
On the optimal estimation of probability measures in weak and strong topologies
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
18 Scopus citations
Abstract
Given random samples drawn i.i.d. from a probability measure P (defined on say, Rd ), it is well-known that the empirical estimator is an optimal estimator of P in weak topology but not even a consistent estimator of its density (if it exists) in the strong topology (induced by the total variation distance). On the other hand, various popular density estimators such as kernel and wavelet density estimators are optimal in the strong topology in the sense of achieving the minimax rate over all estimators for a Sobolev ball of densities. Recently, it has been shown in a series of papers by Giné and Nickl that these density estimators on R that are optimal in strong topology are also optimal in || ||F for certain choices of F such that || ||F metrizes the weak topology, where P|| f || := sup{ f dP: f € F}. In this paper, we investigate this problem of optimal estimation in weak and strong topologies by choosing F to be a unit ball in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (say F H defined over Rd ), where this choice is both of theoretical and computational interest. Under some mild conditions on the reproducing kernel, we show that || ||FH metrizes the weak topology and the kernel density estimator (with L1 optimal bandwidth) estimates P at dimension independent optimal rate of n -1/2 in || ||FH along with providing a uniform central limit theorem for the kernel density estimator.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1839-1893
Number of pages55
JournalBernoulli
Volume22
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2016
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• Statistics and Probability
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'On the optimal estimation of probability measures in weak and strong topologies'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Extraction
What is an extraction?
It is the removal of a tooth. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, namely; breakage, gum disease, tooth decay or over-crowding. Extractions of impacted or problematic wisdom teeth are routinely performed, as are extractions of some permanent teeth to make space for orthodontics.
Extractions are categorized as simple or surgical.
Simple extractions are performed on teeth that are visible in the mouth, usually under local anaesthetic, and require only the use of instruments to elevate and/or grasp the visible portion of the tooth.
Surgical extractions are performed on teeth they have not erupted fully, usually under general anaesthetic. An example of this would be wisdom teeth. The gum tissue that presides over the tooth is removed, then the connective tissue between the tooth and bone is detached so that the tooth can be removed.
Dentists recommend the removal of the wisdom teeth when they are impacted, if there is an abscess or a cyst or if there is persisting pericoronitis (infection of the gum around wisdom tooth). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
#include #define fi first #define se second #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend() #define pb push_back #define len(x) (int)(x).size() #define rep(i,x) for(int i=0;i= mod)a-=mod; } int cnk[N][N]; signed main(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0); int n;cin >> n; dp[0][0][0] = 1; for(int i = 0 ; i < N; ++i){ cnk[i][0] = 1; for(int j = 1 ; j <= i; ++j){ cnk[i][j] = cnk[i - 1][j] + cnk[i - 1][j - 1]; md(cnk[i][j]); } } // cout << cnk[5][3] << endl; for(int i = 0 ; i < n; ++i){ for(int j = 0 ; j <= n; ++j){ for(int f = 0 ; f <= n-j;++f){ if(f != (i+1)){ dp[i+1][j+f][0]+=(1ll*dp[i][j][0]*cnk[n-j][f])%mod;md(dp[i+1][j+f][0]); dp[i+1][j+f][1]+=(1ll*dp[i][j][1]*cnk[n-j][f])%mod;md(dp[i+1][j+f][1]); }else{ dp[i+1][j+f][1]+=(1ll*dp[i][j][0]*cnk[n-j][f])%mod;md(dp[i+1][j+f][1]); dp[i+1][j+f][1]+=(1ll*dp[i][j][1]*cnk[n-j][f])%mod;md(dp[i+1][j+f][1]); } } } } cout << dp[n][n][1]; return 0; } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Emergency bleeding control
Emergency bleeding control describes actions that control bleeding from a patient who has suffered a traumatic injury or who has a medical condition that has caused bleeding. Many bleeding control techniques are taught as part of first aid throughout the world. Other advanced techniques, such as tourniquets, are taught in advanced first aid courses and are used by health professionals to prevent blood loss by arterial bleeding. To manage bleeding effectively, it is important to be able to readily identify types of wounds and types of bleeding.
Types of wounds
Wounds are normally described in a variety of ways. Descriptions may include wound size (length) and thickness; plainly visible wound characteristics such as shape and open or closed; and origin, acute or chronic. The most common descriptors of wounds are these:
* Incision: Straight edges to the wound margins, as if sliced with a knife. These can vary in size, and may be caused by a variety of objects, including a scalpel, a knife, any piece of straight, sharp metal, or a piece of glass. Tissue is rarely missing from the wound site, and the margins of the wound may be easily matched from one side of the wound to the other for the purposes of closure.
* Laceration: Jagged edges to the wound margins, more closely resembling a tear than a slice. The direction of the wound is random rather than straight, and it may have multiple branches. Most often caused by an object with a broken or serrated edge, such as a piece of broken glass or metal, but may also be caused by a blow from a blunt object to tissue with bone immediately behind it.
* Puncture: Sharp object penetrates the tissue and travels inward, but does not move laterally in any direction from the point of entry. Such wounds can be misleading, as they may appear quite small on surface examination, but extend quite deeply into the body, even damaging nerves, blood vessels, or internal organs. They may cause substantial internal bleeding or secondary injuries, such as a collapsed lung, which may not be readily evident during primary assessment. Occasionally, the object causing the injury remains in the wound as an impaled object. A stab wound from a knife or other sharp object, or a bullet wound, are examples of this type of injury. Medical professionals usually refer to this type of wound as penetrating trauma.
* Abrasion: A scraping or scratching. Generally quite superficial, and affecting only the surface layers of the epidermis. No internal organs, nerves, or blood vessels other than capillaries, are affected. This may be the result of a fall, or of sliding (friction) against rough surfaces. The road rash often suffered by falling motorcyclists is an example of this type of wound.
* Contusion: Simple bruising. In this type of injury, the capillaries in the epidermis and dermis are damaged, without breaking the skin. Blood oozes out of these vessels into the spaces between cells or interstitial space, causing swelling and discoloration. Blood loss is generally limited, and not of serious consequence. It may, however, act as a signpost, pointing to more serious injuries.
* Avulsion: A full thickness laceration-type wound, often semi-circular in shape. This creates a flap that, when lifted, exposes the deeper tissues to view, or extrudes them from the wound itself. Avulsions often occur in mechanical accidents involving fingers (sometimes referred to as degloving), or, more seriously, may affect the orbit of the eye or the abdominal cavity, exposing the internal viscera. Avulsions are difficult to repair, and no avulsion should ever be considered a minor injury.
* Amputation: Similar to, but distinct from, an avulsion. Whereas an avulsion is characterized by a "flap" of skin being removed, an amputation is characterized by a complete loss of a limb. This can occur at any point on the extremity, and is usually followed by significant arterial bleeding. However, as serious as this injury is, an amputated limb that is cooled and transported to the hospital can sometimes be surgically reattached.
Blood vessels affected
External bleeding is generally described in terms of the origin of the blood flow by vessel type. The basic categories of external bleeding are:
* Arterial bleeding: As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is typically bright red to yellowish in colour, due to the high degree of oxygenation. Blood typically exits the wound in spurts, rather than in a steady flow; the blood spurts out in time with the heartbeat. The amount of blood loss can be copious, and can occur very rapidly.
* Venous bleeding: This blood is flowing from a damaged vein. As a result, it is blackish in colour (due to the lack of oxygen it transports) and flows in a steady manner. Caution is still indicated: while the blood loss may not be arterial, it can still be quite substantial, and can occur with surprising speed without intervention.
* Capillary bleeding: Capillary bleeding usually occurs in superficial wounds, such as abrasions. The colour of the blood may vary somewhat (distal portion of circulation with oxygenated and unoxygenated blood mixing), and generally oozes in small amounts, as opposed to flowing or spurting.
Wound management
The treatment of wounds depends on whether they are external or internal.
* External wounds bleed outside through a skin break. They need an external wound management (read below).
* Internal wounds bleed inside, but some of them can pour blood outside through a natural hole. They need an internal wound management (read below).
External wound management
The type of wound (incision, laceration, puncture, etc.) has a major effect on the way a wound is managed, as does the area of the body affected and presence of any foreign objects in the wound. A serious wound or any complication may require a call to emergency medical services. Any wound requires being disinfected after it stops bleeding. The eyes and other delicate tissue require special products for disinfection.
Main methods of wound management are:
Direct pressure
Direct pressure is the common method. The pressure on the wound constricts the blood vessels manually, helping to stem blood flow. When applying pressure, the type and direction of the wound may have an effect, for instance, a cut lengthways on the hand would be opened up by closing the hand into a fist, whilst a cut across the hand would be sealed by making a fist. A patient can apply pressure directly to their own wound, if their level of consciousness allows.
Ideally, a barrier, such as sterile, low-adherent gauze should be used between the pressure supplier and the wound, to help reduce chances of infection and help the wound to seal. Third parties assisting a patient are always advised to use protective latex or nitrile medical gloves to reduce risk of infection or contamination passing either way.
Direct pressure can be used with some foreign objects protruding from a wound. Then, padding is applied from each side of the object to push in and seal the wound. The foreign objects are not removed until arriving to a medical center.
Elevation
Elevation was commonly recommended for the control of haemorrhage. Some protocols continue to include it, but recent studies have failed to find any evidence of its effectiveness and it was removed from the PHTLS guidance in 2006.
Cold
The cold can add some utility, at least to compress the blood vessels.
Pressure points
In situations where direct pressure and elevation are either not possible or proving ineffective, and there is a risk of exsanguination, some training protocols advocate the use of pressure points to constrict the major artery that feeds the point of the bleed. This is usually performed at a place where a pulse can be found, such as in the femoral artery. There are significant risks involved in performing pressure point constriction, including necrosis of the area below the constriction, and most protocols give a maximum time for constriction (often around 10 minutes). There is particularly high danger if constricting the carotid artery in the neck, as the brain is sensitive to hypoxia and brain damage can result within minutes of application of pressure. Pressure on the carotid artery can also cause vagal tone induced bradycardia, which can eventually stop the heart. Other dangers in use of a constricting method include rhabdomyolysis, which is a buildup of toxins below the pressure point, which if released back into the main bloodstream may cause kidney failure.
Epistaxis
* Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is a special case, where almost all first aid providers train the use of pressure points. The appropriate point here is on the soft fleshy part of the nose, which should constrict the capillaries sufficiently to stop bleeding, although obviously it does not stop bleeding from the nasopharynx or tear ducts.
Tourniquet
Another method of achieving constriction of the supplying artery is a tourniquet - a band tied tightly around a limb to restrict blood flow. Tourniquets are routinely used to bring veins to the surface for cannulation, though their use in emergency medicine is more limited. Many armies carry a tourniquet as part of their personal first aid kit.
Improvised tourniquets, in addition to creating potential problems for the ongoing medical management of the patient, usually fail to achieve force enough to adequately compress the arteries of the limb. As a result, they not only fail to stop arterial bleeding, but may actually increase bleeding by impairing venous bloodflow.
Clotting agents and medications
Some protocols call for the use of clotting accelerating agents, which can be either externally applied as a powder or gel, or pre-dosed in a dressing or as an intravenous injection. These may be particularly useful in situations where the wound is not clotting, which can be due to external factors, such as size of wound, or medical factors such as haemophilia.
For stopping or preventing bleeding in people who do not have haemophilia, there is weak to little evidence to support the use of clotting factors to prevent death. Prophylactic fibrinogen may reduce the risk of bleeding after heart or orthoscopic surgery and prophylactic factor XII may be effective after heart surgery, however, both medications require high-quality randomized clinical trials to understand more about the potential benefits and risks. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is not, as of 2012, supported by the evidence for most cases of major bleeding. Its use brings a significant risk of arterial thrombosis, and therefore it should only be used in clinical trials or with patients with factor VII deficiency.
A new product of this type (Cresilon Hemostatic Gel or CHG, Vetigel in its veterenary version) allows to close great wounds in a few moments.
Internal wound management
Internal wounds (usually to the torso) are harder to deal with than external wounds, although they often have an external cause. The key dangers of internal bleeding include hypovolaemic shock (leading to exsanguination), a tamponade on the heart or a haemothorax on the lung. The aortic aneurysm is a special case where the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, becomes ruptured through an inherent weakness, although exertion, raised blood pressure or sudden movements could cause a sudden catastrophic failure. This is one of the most serious medical emergencies a patient can face, as the only treatment is rapid surgery.
An internal bleeding require to call to emergency medical services.
In the event of bleeding caused by an external source (trauma, penetrating wound), the patient is usually inclined to the injured side, so that the 'good' side can continue to function properly, without interference from the blood inside the body cavity.
Use of cold around the damaged area (for example: with ice) can help to compress the blood vessels.
Treatment of internal bleeding is beyond the scope of simple first aid, and a person giving first aid should consider it potentially life-threatening. The definitive treatment for internal bleeding is always surgical treatment, and medical advice must be sought urgently for any victim of internal bleeding. | WIKI |
FRED B. ROTI et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees and Cross-Appellants, v. HAROLD WASHINGTON et al., Defendants-Appellants and Cross-Appel-lees, (Jacqueline Vaughn et al., Defendants).
First District (3rd Division)
No. 86—1598
Opinion filed October 15, 1986.
RIZZI, P.J., dissenting.
George F. Galland, Jr., of Davis, Barnhill & Galland, Albert C. Maulé and Joseph F. Griffin, both of Hopkins & Sutter, and Michael W. McConnell, all of Chicago, for appellants.
William J. Harte, Jeffrey B. Whitt, and Joseph E. Tighe, all of William J. Harte, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellees.
JUSTICE WHITE
delivered the opinion of the court:
On June 6, 1986, Alderman Evans of the city council of the city of Chicago proposed a four-part resolution to amend several of the rules of the city council and change the jurisdictions, memberships and chairmanships of the council committees. Following the council vote, Mayor Harold Washington declared that the resolution passed. Plaintiffs, 25 aldermen who voted against the resolution, then filed this suit against the mayor and the 25 aldermen who voted in favor of the resolution. They seek a judgment declaring that the resolution failed and that the committees retained the chairmen, memberships, and jurisdictions that they had prior to June 6, 1986.
The trial court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment on the grounds that the resolution passed and the mayor’s rulings were proper. However, the trial court also stayed the effect of its order until this court should have an opportunity to rule on appeal from the order. Defendants appeal from the stay order, and plaintiffs cross-appeal from the decision to grant defendants’ motion for summary judgment. The stay order expires under its own terms with our decision on the merits of plaintiffs’ cross-appeal. Therefore, we do not address the propriety of the stay order.
I
In 1981 the city council redistricted Chicago wards. A group of Chicago citizens filed a suit in Federal court asserting that the remap violated the Voting Rights Act (42 U.S.C. sec. 1971 et seq. (1982)). The Federal district court ordered minor changes in ward boundaries, and the plaintiffs therein appealed. (Ketckum v. Byrne (7th Cir. 1984), 740 F.2d 1398, 1401-02, cert. denied (1985), 471 U.S. 1135, 86 L. Ed. 2d 692, 105 S. Ct. 2673.) Aldermanic elections were held in April 1983 while the appeal was pending. On May 2, 1983, at the first council meeting after the elections, 29 of the aldermen, including all of the plaintiffs in the instant case, voted to change the number, jurisdictions, memberships, and chairmen of the committees of the city council. They then voted in favor of a revised version of council Rule 36: under the council rules before May 1983, a vote of a simple majority was sufficient to remove committee chairmen; under the revised rule, a vote of two-thirds of the aldermen was necessary to remove committee chairmen. The 29 aldermen then voted to reenact council Rule 48, which required a vote of two-thirds of the aldermen to change any rule. This court upheld the validity of the actions of the 29 aldermen. Roti v. Washington (1983), 114 Ill. App. 3d 958, 971, 450 N.E.2d 465.
In August 1984 the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit found that the remap ordered by the district court did not correct the violations of the Voting Rights Act. (Ketchum v. Byrne (7th Cir. 1984), 740 F.2d 1398, 1412.) In December 1985 the district court approved a new ward map that substantially altered the boundaries of seven wards, and it ordered special elections for those wards. The special elections took place in March and May 1986.
Shortly after the new members of council were seated, Alderman Evans proposed the resolution at issue in this case. In the first part of the resolution, he proposed an amendment of Rule 48 to allow amendment of the rules by the vote of a simple majority. Defendant aldermen voted in favor of the proposed amendment, and plaintiff aldermen voted against the proposal. Mayor Washington voted in favor of the amendment and declared that the first part of the resolution passed, 26 votes to 25 votes. Plaintiff Alderman Burke challenged the ruling of the chair, arguing that a vote of two-thirds of the aldermen was needed to pass the resolution. Defendant aldermen voted to sustain the mayor’s ruling, and plaintiff aldermen voted to overrule. Mayor Washington voted to sustain the ruling and declared that his ruling had been sustained. Alderman Burke again challenged the ruling, arguing that the mayor could not vote to sustain his own ruling. Again plaintiffs voted to overrule the mayor, defendants voted to sustain, and Mayor Washington declared that his ruling was sustained by a vote of 26 to 25.
In the second part of his resolution, Alderman Evans proposed an amendment of Rule 36 to allow removal of committee chairmen by a vote of a simple majority of the council. Defendants voted in favor of the second part of the resolution, and plaintiffs voted against it. Plaintiffs again challenged the chair’s ruling that the resolution passed, and the same vote ensued. In the third and fourth parts of the resolution, Alderman Evans proposed changes in the number, jurisdictions, memberships, and chairmen of the committees of the city council. Plaintiffs again voted against parts three and four of the resolution, and they again challenged the mayor’s rulings that those parts of the resolution passed.
II
Plaintiffs argue on appeal that, under the rules of the city council, they remain chairmen of the council committees. Defendants contend that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to hear this case because the case presents a political question and the plaintiffs have not alleged any judicially cognizable injury.
Illinois circuit courts have jurisdiction over all “justiciable matters.” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, sec. 9.) The doctrine of justiciability in Illinois closely parallels the doctrine of justiciability developed in the Federal courts. (See, e.g., Lynch v. Devine (1977), 45 Ill. App. 3d 743, 747, 359 N.E.2d 1137.) Both Illinois courts and Federal courts have held that they lack jurisdiction to decide political questions. (Metzenbaum v. Federal Energy Regulatory Com. (D.C. Cir. 1982), 675 F.2d 1282, 1287; Zurn v. City of Chicago (1945), 389 Ill. 114, 126, 59 N.E.2d 18; Malkin v. City of Chicago (1955), 6 Ill. App. 2d 151, 155-56, 127 N.E.2d 145.) Our supreme court has stated:
“It is not within the jurisdiction of a court of equity to interfere with the public duties of the departments of government. [Citation.] Its jurisdiction pertains only to questions of the maintenance of civil rights, — property rights, as contradistinguished from political rights. [Citations.] It can have no jurisdiction to determine political questions between the mayor and council of a city concerning the appointment and removal of officers, nor can it exercise jurisdiction in determining the right of a party to an office.” (Heffran v. Hutchins (1896), 160 Ill. 550, 554, 43 N.E. 709.)
However, our supreme court has also stated: “The mere fact that political rights and questions are involved does not create immunity from judicial review.” Donovan v. Holzman (1956), 8 Ill. 2d 87, 93, 132 N.E.2d 501.
The Supreme Court of the United States traced guidelines for determining whether a case presents a nonjusticiable political question in Baker v. Carr (1962), 369 U.S. 186, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 82 S. Ct. 691. “The nonjusticiability of a political question is primarily a function of the separation of powers,” which must be decided following “case-by-case inquiry.” (369 U.S. 186, 210-11, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 682, 82 S. Ct. 691, 706.) Therefore, we have no jurisdiction to decide a question which is appropriately resolved by a branch of government other than the judiciary. The court listed six different grounds for finding that the judiciary should not decide a given question. (369 U.S. 186, 217, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 686, 82 S. Ct. 691, 710.) Defendants maintain that we lack jurisdiction to decide this case under the first test listed in Baker because there is a “textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue” to the city council. 369 U.S. 186, 217, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 686, 82 S. Ct. 691, 710.
In Rock v. Thompson (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 410, 426 N.E.2d 891, petitioners contended that the purported election of a senator to the office of president of the Senate did not comply with Senate rules. Article IV, sec. 6(d), of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 provides in part: “Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings *** and choose its officers.” Relying upon this constitutional provision, respondents in Rock argued that the court had no jurisdiction to “ ‘enter into the legislative thicket’ on matters relating to the organization and operation of the Senate, a legislative body.” (85 Ill. 2d 410, 417, 426 N.E.2d 891.) The court rejected this argument stating that “the doctrine of separation of powers does not prevent the court from ascertaining compliance with or mandating performance of constitutional duties” (85 Ill. 2d 410, 417, 426 N.E.2d 891), and held that it had jurisdiction to decide whether the president of the Senate had been elected in accord with Senate rules. 85 Ill. 2d 410, 419, 426 N.E.2d 891.
Section 3 — 11—11 of the Illinois Municipal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 24, par. 3 — 11—11) grants city councils the power to make their own rules, but neither the Constitution of Illinois nor Illinois statutes expressly mention the creation of council committees. The defendants argue that “the constitution and statutes of Illinois leave the creation and membership of City Council committees to the unfettered political discretion of the Council itself.” Since the constitutional language cited above in Rock was held not to create in the selection of a senate president a “textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue” sufficient to deprive the court of jurisdiction, a fortiori the statutory language of the Illinois Municipal Code does not deprive this court of jurisdiction over the instant case involving the selection of the city council committees.
The court in Rock asserted:
“ ‘[W]hen a constitutional or statutory violation on behalf of the executive or legislative branch is asserted, the courts obviously have the obligation to correct it.’ ” (Rock v. Thompson (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 410, 417, 426 N.E.2d 891.)
Applying this principle, we find that the Illinois Constitution and the Illinois Municipal Code do not preclude us from determining whether the city council elected its committee chairmen in accord with its rules.
Neither should we refuse jurisdiction on the basis of any other concern related to the separation of powers. In the instant case the 25 plaintiff aldermen claim that through their “No” votes, the council has resolved the issues in this case in their favor by failing to enact the resolution at issue and by overruling the mayor’s contrary rulings; the 25 defendant aldermen and the mayor claim that by their “Aye” votes, the council resolved the same issues in the opposite manner. With that impasse the council has not and cannot resolve the issues presented to this court. Half of the aldermen of the city council have asked this court to resolve the difficulty. As Justice Simon stated in his concurrence in Rock:
“[I]t was clear that the Senate was unable to resolve its impasse without help, and the judiciary was the only body it could turn to for help. Had we not acted, the work of the Senate would have gone undone or been open to challenge, and Senators, once having resorted to physical conflict in trying to resolve the controversy, might have continued to do so. Having been presented with this controversy, it was better for us to decide than to avoid decision.” (Rock v. Thompson (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 410, 431-32, 426 N.E.2d 891 (Simon, J. concurring).)
We believe that we show no disrespect for coordinate branches of government, and we do not usurp powers belonging exclusively to any other branch of government, by assuming jurisdiction under the circumstances presented by the instant case. Therefore, under our constitutional scheme of separate powers, we have jurisdiction to decide this case. Baker v. Carr (1962), 369 U.S. 186, 210, 217, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 681-82, 686, 82 S. Ct. 691, 706, 710.
Ill
Plaintiffs maintain that the resolution by which defendants sought to amend Rule 48 failed because fewer than two-thirds of the members of the city council voted in favor of the amendment. The trial court held that a simple majority of the city council had the power to amend Rule 48:
“The power to enact is a power to repeal, and a bylaw requiring a two-thirds vote of members present to alter or amend the laws of the society may itself be altered, amended or repealed by the same power which enacted it.” (Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias v. Trebbe (1899), 179 Ill. 348, 354, 53 N.E. 730, quoting Richardson v. Union Congregational Society (1877), 58 N.H. 187, 188.)
Plaintiffs argue that we should distinguish Trebbe on the grounds that the body whose rules were amended in Trebbe was a private group, not a public entity like the city council. We are not aware of any Illinois case which has squarely decided whether a public body’s rule, requiring a vote of two-thirds of the assembly to change the assembly’s rules, may itself be changed by a vote of a simple majority.
However, several other jurisdictions have addressed this question. In State ex rel. Kiel v. Riechmann (1911), 239 Mo. 81, 142 S.W. 304, the defendants, members of the Republican city committee of the city of St. Louis, voted to change certain committee rules in the middle of its officers’ term of office. Rule 1 stated that no officer could be removed without the vote of 18 committee members; Rule 15 provided that the rules could not be “repealed or altered unless by a three-fourths majority vote of all the members.” (239 Mo. 81, 87, 142 S.W. 304, 305-06.) A committee member proposed a resolution to amend Rule 15 to require only a majority vote to amend the rules. The committee members voted 14 to 12 in favor of the motion, and by the same vote they amended Rule 1 to require only a majority vote to change the committee’s officers. The court addressed the question:
“[D]oes a rule requiring a three-fourths vote to change the rules prevent a majority vote from changing that rule? Can a majority vote restrict its own power by such a rule, so that after such restriction the majority loses its potentiality? *** [T]he power to make carries with it the right and power to unmake. The same power which can make rules in the first instance can directly attack and unmake or repeal such rules. *** [If] by a bare majority rules are adopted, and among them is a rule saying that no change shall be made therein, except upon a three-fourths vote of the members, then in such case, before the majority could proceed to enact new rules, it must first directly attack this rule which limited the power of the bare majority. (239 Mo. 81, 97-98, 142 S.W. 304, 309.)
Similarly, the supreme courts of New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Maryland have held that if the majority of a public body can make a rule imposing a supermajority requirement for the alteration of rules, a majority may also amend that rule. (Richardson v. Union Congregational Society (1877), 58 N.H. 187, 53 N.E. 730; Commonwealth ex rel. Mayor of Lancaster (Penn. 1836), 5 Watts 152, 155-56; Zeiler v. Central Ry. Co. (Md. 1896), 84 Md. 304, 35 A. 932.) Plaintiffs have cited no case which holds that an assembly’s rule imposing a supermajority requirement for various actions may not itself be changed by the vote of a simple majority. We believe that our supreme court in Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias v. Trebbe (1899), 179 Ill. 348, 354, 53 N.E. 730, accurately restated the common law principle applicable to both public and private bodies. The trial court correctly applied that principle to the facts of this case and found that the resolution to amend Rule 48 passed by a vote of 26 to 25.
IV
Plaintiffs maintain that the parts of the resolution in which Aider-man Evans proposed changes in Rule 36 and in the structure of the committees failed because those parts of the resolution received insufficient votes. Under amended Rule 48, the rules of the city council may be changed with the “concurrence of a majority of all the Aldermen entitled by law to be elected.” Only 25 aldermen voted in favor of the second, third, and fourth parts of Alderman Evans’ resolution, while 25 aldermen voted against those parts. Plaintiffs maintain that, under the terms of Rule 48 as amended, Mayor Washington was not entitled to vote even in the case of a tie and therefore the resolution won the votes of only half of the council, not the requisite majority.
Mayor Washington ruled that he could vote under the terms of Rule 48 as amended. Since he voted in favor of all parts of the resolution, he ruled that the resolution passed. When Mayor Washington’s rulings were challenged, 25 aldermen voted to sustain the chair’s ruling and 25 voted to overrule. Plaintiffs maintain that Mayor Washington was not entitled to vote on the appeal under Rule 12 and, since Rule 12 provides that the chair’s ruling is overruled unless a majority of the council votes to sustain, the council overruled Mayor Washington.
The Illinois Municipal Code provides that the mayor “shall not vote on any ordinance, resolution or motion except: (1) where the vote of the aldermen has resulted in a tie; or (2) ***; or (3) ***. In each instance specified, the mayor shall vote.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 24, par. 3 — 11—14.) Where municipal ordinances conflict with State law, the dictates of the State legislature prevail. (City of Chicago v. Union Ice Cream Manufacturing Co. (1911), 252 Ill. 311, 313, 96 N.E. 872.) Thus, the city council could not deprive the mayor of this right and duty to vote in case of a tie even if it had intended to do so in enacting Rule 48. We find that Mayor Washington appropriately interpreted the rule in a manner consistent with the Illinois Municipal Code, and his votes in favor of all parts of the resolution must be counted as the tie-breaking votes. Similarly, the council could not relieve the mayor of his duty to vote in case of a tie under the terms of Rule 12; Mayor Washington appropriately cast the tie-breaking votes, which established that the city council interpreted its Rules 48 and 12 in a manner consistent with statutory law.
The city council effectively amended its Rule 48 by a vote of 26 to 25; it then effectively amended its rules relating to the structures of committees, by votes of 26 to 25, in accord with amended Rule 48. The trial court order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment is affirmed. The stay order expires by its own terms with our resolution of the appeal from the order granting summary judgment.
Affirmed in part, and vacated in part.
McNAMARA J., concurs.
PRESIDING JUSTICE RIZZI,
dissenting:
I believe that this case involves only political questions and not jus-ticiable issues and that therefore the separation of powers precludes us from judicially deciding the questions. (See Ill. Const. 1970, art. II, sec. 1.) I would vacate the order from which the appeal is being taken, dismiss the case, and allow the mayor and his supporters to continue to function in the city council pursuant to the orders and resolutions passed by the city council at its June 6,1986, meeting.
I feel that certain political and politically related facts that do not appear in the majority opinion are relevant. In order to give these additional facts continuity, and for ease of understanding, I will integrate the additional facts with the facts that have been stated by the majority.
Chicago is divided into 50 aldermanic wards, each with nearly equal population. The city council must redistrict Chicago’s wards on the basis of new census data by December 1 of the year following the taking of a national census. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 24, pars. 21 — 36, 21 — 38.) As a result of the census taken in 1980, it was necessary for the city council to devise a redistricting plan by December 1, 1981. After the city council redistricted Chicago’s wards in 1981, several black and híspame residents filed a law suit in the United States district court alleging in part that the new map violated the Voting Rights Act (42 U.S.C. sec. 1971 (1982).) The district court entered judgment in favor of the plaintiffs on their Voting Rights Act claim and then adopted a new map. (Ketchum v. Bryne (7th Cir. 1984), 740 F.2d 1398, cert. denied (1985), 471 U.S. 1135, 86 L. Ed. 2d 692, 105 S. Ct. 2673.) The plaintiffs appealed because they felt that the relief granted was insufficient.
While the appeal was pending, the aldermanic election took place on April 12, 1983. After the election the new city council met for the first time, on May 2, 1983. At the council meeting there emerged an alliance of 28 white aldermen and one hispanic alderman (the 29 alliance) who opposed the chairman of the meeting, Chicago’s first black mayor, Harold Washington. The mayor and 21 aldermen supporting the mayor, including all 16 black aldermen, attempted to abruptly adjourn the city council meeting. The mayor and his supporters left the meeting after the mayor proclaimed that the meeting was adjourned. However, the 29 alliance continued the meeting and by a vote of 29 to 0 amended the city council rules to give the 29 alliance control of the city council. The 29 alliance increased the number of standing council committees from 20 to 29, assigned itself voting control of all the standing council committees, and made its own members chairmen of virtually all of the 29 committee chairmanships. One of the leaders of the 29 alliance emerged as chairman of the city council’s most powerful committee, the committee on finance. He replaced a longtime chairman who is black. The 29 alliance also amended certain city council rules which had the effect of making it unlikely that the mayor’s alliance would be able to undo the changes that the 29 alliance made even if the 29 alliance would later be reduced from a majority to a minority of the city council. Having given itself control of the city council, the 29 alliance enacted Rule 48, which requires a two-thirds majority vote to amend the rules that the 29 alliance had just passed by less than a two-thirds majority vote.
At the time of the May 2, 1983, meeting, the 29 alliance included aldermen from the seven wards that were principally at issue in the Ketchum case (Ketchum v. Byrne (7th Cir. 1984), 740 F.2d 1398), that was pending on review. On August 14, 1984, the court of appeals reversed the district court’s judgment in part and remanded the Ketchum case with directions to remedy the “illegal dilution of minority voting strength accomplished by the city council map.” Ketchum v. Byrne (7th Cir. 1984), 740 F.2d 1398, 1412. Accordingly, on December 27, 1985, the district court approved a new map for Chicago’s wards that made significant demographic changes in seven wards. Also, on December 30, 1985, the district court ordered special aldermanic elections in the seven wards.
As a result of the special aldermanic elections, four of the aldermen who had been part of the 29 alliance lost their seats as aldermen to persons supporting the mayor. Thus, the 29 alliance became the 25 alliance. This political fact changed the balance of power in the city council because, as the 29 alliance was reduced to 25, the number of aider-men supporting the mayor was increased to 25, and “the mayor shall vote” where the vote of the aldermen has resulted in a tie (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 24, par. 3-11-14).
After the mayor and his 25 alliance gained a political edge in the city council, the city council meeting of June 6, 1986, took place. The events that occurred at that meeting are explicitly involved in this appeal. Generally, the events that took place at the June 6, 1986, meeting amounted to the newly comprised city council changing the rules and committee arrangements that had previously been passed by the 29 alliance at the May 2, 1983, meeting. Simply, the rules and committee arrangements were changed to favor the mayor and his 25 alliance instead of the opposition 25 alliance.
At the June 6, 1986, meeting, the newly constituted city council first voted to amend Rule 48. By a vote of 26 to 25, including the may- or’s tie-breaking vote, the city council changed Rule 48 to allow the city council rules to be amended by a vote of “a majority of all aldermen entitled by law to be elected,” rather than requiring a two-thirds majority to amend the rules. Next, the newly constituted city council voted by the same 26 to 25 vote to amend Rule 36. The amendment reduced the vote needed to remove committee chairmen and vice-chairmen from two-thirds to a simple majority. After doing that, the city council voted 26 to 25 to make certain additional rule changes, including one which abolished or merged 11 committees and created 2 new committees. Finally, the city council rescinded the existing committee assignments and assigned new chairmen and vice-chairmen to certain committees. Under the new lineup the mayor captured majority control of all council committees, and the majority of the committees were chaired by supporters of the mayor. The reorganization stripped one of the leaders of the opposition 25 alliance of crucial budget powers as finance committee chairman. These powers were given to one of the leaders of the mayor’s 25 alliance who is black.
At the June 6, 1986, city council meeting, there was a floor debate, and the city council considered and formally passed on the interpretation and meaning of its own rules and the changes that were made. Specifically, the city council debated and rejected the contention of the opposition 25 alliance that a 26 to 25 majority was not sufficient to nullify Rule 48, as it had been passed by the then opposition 29 alliance. As the majority opinion correctly shows, there is no constitutional, statutory or common law rule of law which establishes that a majority of any body cannot nullify what a prior majority of the body had done. Surely, if one majority created the rule, another majority should be able to nullify it. See Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias v. Trebbe (1899), 179 Ill. 348, 354, 53 N.E. 730, 732; State ex rel. Kiel v. Riechmann (1911), 239 Mo. 81, 142 S.W. 304.
At the June 6, 1986, meeting, the city council also debated and rejected the contention of the opposition 25 alliance that Rule 12 precludes the mayor from voting to break ties on appeals from his ruling as chairman of the city council. Rule 12 provides: “Any member may appeal to the Council from a ruling of the Chair, and the member making the appeal may state his reason for the same and the Chair may explain his ruling; but there shall be no debate on the appeal and no other member shall participate in the discussion. The Chair shall then put the question, ‘Shall the decision of the Chair be sustained?’ If a majority of the members present vote ‘Yes,’ the decision of the Chair is sustained, otherwise the decision of the Chair is overruled.”
The opposition 25 alliance maintained at the meeting that the mayor is not a member of the council within the meaning of Rule 12 and therefore cannot vote in case of a tie. Here it should be noticed that Rule 12 states that if a majority of the members present vote “Yes,” the decision of the chairman is sustained; Rule 12 does not state that if a majority of the aldermen present vote “Yes,” the decision of the chairman is sustained. This is a significant distinction because, by statute, the city council consists of the aldermen and the mayor, and where the vote of the aldermen has resulted in a tie, the mayor shall vote. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 24, par. 3 — 11—14.) Thus the position that was taken by the opposition 25 alliance at the meeting was not only rejected by the city council itself but it is not tenable.
The political and other facts which I have stated clearly demonstrate that this case involves political questions and not justiciable issues. Specifically, this case involves solely the internal political struggles of the city council of Chicago, a legislative body, and the rules of proceeding in the city council. In this regard, section 3 — 11—11 of the Illinois Municipal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 24, par. 3 — 11—11), states that the “city council shall determine its own rules of proceeding.” Moreover, the city council is under no constitutional, statutory or common law requirement to create committees. Thus, the rules of proceeding and the decisions regarding the creation of committees, what committees the city council should have, what the composition or authority of the committees should be, and who should be chairman of the committees are all within the unbridled political discretion of the city council. This is as it should be. Politics, with all of the word’s good and bad connotations, is how the legislative branch of government works. This is an important recognition because it evinces that the questions that are involved in this case arise from matters that occur within the contours of the legislative process.
Under our constitution, the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government are separate and no branch shall exercise powers properly belonging to another. Since the questions in this case arise from matters that occur within the contours of the legislative process, under the separation of powers in the constitution the final determination of the questions is constitutionally committed to the legislative branch of government. Thus, the questions are political, and they may not be finally decided by the judicial branch of government because of the separation of powers. See Davis v. Bandemer (1986), 478 U.S. ___, 92 L. Ed. 2d 85, 106 S. Ct. 2797; Baker v. Carr (1962), 369 U.S. 186, 217, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 686, 82 S. Ct. 691, 710; G. Gunther, Constitutional Law 396-98 (11th ed. 1985).
In my opinion, the majority treats the separation of powers principle with superficiality rather than with the reverence it deserves as one of the safeguards to our unique form of government. (See Bowsher v. Synar (1986), 478 U.S. __, __, 92 L. Ed. 2d 583, 593-94, 106 S. Ct. 3181, 3186.) This is the underlying fault in the majority’s erroneous conclusion that the separation of powers is not applicable here.
The majority relies upon Rock v. Thompson (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 410, 426 N.E.2d 891. In Rock, the mandamus petition alleged “that when the Senate action was taken on January 15, 1981, no quorum was present as required by article IV, section 6(a), of the 1970 Constitution." (Emphasis added.) (85 Ill. 2d 410, 419, 426 N.E.2d 891, 897.) Thus, as expressly appears in the court’s opinion in Rock, “the petition alleges not merely procedural deficiencies, but substantive constitutional defects.” (85 Ill. 2d 410, 419, 426 N.E.2d 891, 897.) In holding that it had jurisdiction to hear the case, the court stated: “It is the duty of the judiciary to construe the Constitution and determine whether its provisions have been disregarded by the actions of any of the branches of government.” (85 Ill. 2d 410, 418, 426 N.E.2d 891, 896.) Where there is a showing of an explicit and clear constitutional imperative to decide a case, there is no question that the judiciary will intervene and decide the case even though it may involve a political question. (See Baker v. Carr (1962), 369 U.S. 186, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 82 S. Ct. 691.) However, in the present case there is no allegation by the plaintiffs that there has been a constitutional violation of any kind. Rather, the plaintiffs have alleged mere procedural deficiencies at the city council meeting of June 6, 1986. Here, unlike in Rock, there is no duty of the judiciary to construe the constitution and determine whether its provisions have been disregarded by the actions of any of the branches of government.
In addition, in Rock the petitioners and the respondents agreed that the judiciary should decide the case. In Rock, Justice Simon stated: “both sides urgently asked us to judge the case, and agreed that we should decide it on the merits. We need not hesitate, therefore, over the propriety of judicial interference with other branches of government.” (Rock v. Thompson (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 410, 431, 426 N.E.2d 891, 902 (Simon, J., concurring).) In the present case, the mayor and his supporters fiercely argue that this case presents only political questions and that the questions presented are not justiciable because of the separation of powers. Thus, Rock has no application to the question of the propriety of judicial interference with other branches of government in the present case.
Next, the majority concludes that since “[h]alf of the aldermen of the city council have asked this court to resolve the difficulty,” it means that the city council is not able to resolve its impasse without judicial help. The majority then states that therefore “we show no disrespect for coordinate branches of government, and we do not usurp powers belonging exclusively to any other branch of government, by assuming jurisdiction.” I disagree.
The judiciary should not be deciding this case merely because some members of the city council claim that they have reached an impasse due to their own recalcitrance or misbehavior. In such instances the judiciary must simply step aside and let the warring political factions resolve their differences through the political processes and hard political bargaining and compromise. If they fail, they need never respond to the judiciary, but they will surely answer to the people who elected them as legislators.
I believe that the majority’s well-intentioned, but ill-advised, judicial intervention into local legislative politics will do nothing but encourage the highly charged political factions to continue to race pellmell to and from the courthouse for court decisions and reversals on a morass of political questions and appointments. This will surely thrust the courts deeper into the thicket of partisan political affairs and end up bungling rather than curing the work of the local legislative government. As our Founding Fathers recognized when they gave us our Constitution, the legislative branch of government may not work perfectly, but it plainly works best when it is not interfered with by the judiciary. Thus, the majority’s reasons for deciding the political questions in this case are simply not tenable. The majority should have deferred to the separation of powers.
In not deferring to the separation of powers, the majority overlooks the celebrated warning of Montesquieu that “ ‘there is no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers.’ ” The Federalist No. 78, at 466 (A. Hamilton) (C. Rossiter ed. 1961), quoting 1 Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, at 181 (1748).) We should not forget that it was in an exercise of their liberty that the people elected aldermen, and not judges, to run the city council. By choosing to decide this case judicially, the majority is transgressing upon the liberty of the people to have their elected legislators in the city council conduct their affairs. Moreover, we must remember that the judiciary is the branch of government that was intended by the Founding Fathers to be the least powerful. The Federalist No. 78, at 465 (A. Hamilton) (C. Rossiter ed. 1961). Here, by arrogating to itself the authority to dictate how the city council should conduct its affairs, the majority is acting as if the branch of government intended to be the least powerful is the most powerful.
There is still another factor that must be considered. An independent judiciary is indispensible to the separation of powers. See Kaufman, Maintaining Judicial Independence: A Mandate to Judges, 66 A.B.A.J. 470 (1980). In order to preserve the independence of the judiciary, judges must take affirmative action to insulate the judicial process from all interference from other sources. Here, the majority’s demonstrated proclivity to decide political questions invites, rather than insulates judges from, interference with the judicial process. The invited interference to which I refer would include attempts by local political factions to exert political influence upon members of the judiciary who are seeking to be retained as judges in pending elections while the judges have cases before them which involve solely political questions. This is the kind of unseemly spectacle which the majority opinion breeds. Thus the majority has not taken the type of affirmative action that is necessary to uphold the independence of the judiciary. This is an important consideration because without the “complete independence of the courts of justice” there can be no separation of powers. See The Federalist No. 78, at 466 (A. Hamilton) (C. Rossiter ed. 1961).
Accordingly, I would hold that this case presents political questions and not justiciable issues and that the separation of powers precludes the judiciary from exercising its jurisdiction. I would vacate the order of the trial court, dismiss the case, and allow the mayor and his supporters to continue to function in the city council pursuant to the orders and resolutions passed by the city council at its June 6, 1986, meeting.
Rule 48 of the 1979-83 city council provided: “These rules *** shall not be repealed, altered or amended unless by concurrence of 2/3 of all the aldermen entitled by law to be elected.” At the May 2, 1983, meeting of the 1983-87 city council, the 29 alliance, which constituted less than a two-thirds majority of the city council, reenacted Rule 48 as part of the rules of the 1983-87 city council.
If I were to decide this case on the merits I would agree with the result of the majority on this point, but only for the reasons that I have stated. I believe that the majority’s reason for concluding that the mayor could vote in case of a tie vote is questionable. The majority states that the “city council could not deprive the majority of this right and duty to vote in case of a tie even if it had intended to do so in enacting Rule 48” or Rule 12 because “[wjhere municipal ordinances conflict with State law, the dictates of the State legislature prevail. (Chicago v. Union Ice Cream Manufacturing Co. (1911), 252 Ill. 311, 313, 96 N.E. 872.)” The Union Ice Cream Manufacturing Co. case was decided before the 1970 Constitution of the State of Illinois was adopted. The 1970 Constitution of the State of Illinois provides: “Home rule units may exercise and perform concurrently with the State any power or function of a home rule unit to the extent that the General Assembly by law does not specifically limit the concurrent exercise or specifically declare the State’s exercise to be exclusive.” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, sec. 6(i).) Since the majority has not shown how this home rule provision of the Constitution is to be applied here, I believe the majority’s rationale is questionable. Plainly, the Union Ice Cream Manufacturing Co. case is not applicable. In Sommer v. Village of Glenview (1980), 79 Ill. 2d 383, 392, 403 N.E.2d 258, 262, the court stated: “We have repeatedly held that ‘a home rule unit’s exercise of its power will supercede any conflicting pre-1970-Constitution legislation.’ ” The legislation relied upon by the majority is pre-1970-Constitution legislation.
In this opinion reference is made to the United States Constitution with regard to the separation of powers. However, the discussion applies as well to the Illinois Constitution, which expressly provides: “The legislative, executive and judicial branches are separate. No branch shall exercise powers properly belonging to another.” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. II, sec. 1.) See 11 Ill. L. & Prac. Constitutional Law sec. 81 (1981); 16 C.J.S. Constitutional Law sec. 111 (1984).
In Baker v. Carr, the court stated: “Prominent on the surface of any case held to involve a political question is found a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department.” 369 U.S. 186, 217, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663, 686, 82 S. Ct. 691, 710.
The modern formulation for the separation of powers in government is attributed to the ideas of both the English philosopher John Locke and the French theorist Montesquieu. IX Encyclopedia Britannica, Micropaedia 61 (15th ed. 1974); H. Hart, The 100 - A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History 263. However, the explicit separation of powers in the American constitution is due to the influence of Montesquieu upon the Founding Fathers. 17 Encyclopedia Britannica, Macropaedia 611 (15th ed. 1974). When speaking of the three departments of power, Montesquieu stated: “Of the three powers above mentioned, the judiciary is next to nothing.” 1 Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, at 186 (1748).
| CASELAW |
White House to Double Spending on New Orleans Flood Protection
Bush administration agrees to double spending on flood protection for New Orleans, spending total of $3.1 billion to make city safe from flooding from storm as powerful as Hurricane Katrina; Donald E Powell, coordinator of federal response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, says new protection should encourage homeowners and businesses to return; plan, to be completed within two years, falls far short of protection against Category 5 hurricanes that Louisiana leaders say is vital and that could cost more than $30 billion; Gov Kathleen Babineaux Blanco and Mayor C Ray Nagin, who are in Washington to push for storm relief, say White House announcement would provide psychological comfort level to residents worried about next storm; but Blanco calls plan 'down payment' and says it would upgrade levees only to 'true Category 3 level'; Sen Mary L Landrieu calls plan just 'first step' of many that are needed; photos (M) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
J-FLAG
J-FLAG, the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays, is an LGBT rights organisation in Jamaica, founded in 1998, and works for the human rights of lesbians, all-sexuals, and gays in Jamaica and the world. It is part of the Caribbean Forum of Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays (C-FLAG).
LGBT civil rights organisations outside the country highlighted homophobic bigotry and violence in Jamaica before the founding of J-Flag, most publicly in the Stop Murder Music campaign calling for censorship of homophobic lyrics in dancehall music, and sexual minorities remain at risk of physical violence. The group runs the Stop Murder Music campaign jointly with the Black Gay Men's Advisory Group and OutRage!.
In response J-FLAG offers legal reform and advocacy, education, and social services and support. The group was unable to continue regular safe-space/fund-raiser/social events, lymes held monthly until August 2001, due to the inability to accommodate the growing number of attendees. They advocate inclusion of sexual orientation in the Jamaican constitution as well as on behalf of individuals seeking asylum in the United Kingdom and Canada. | WIKI |
User:Clowncell
April 20th 1999, those two kids who went on a killing spree at columbine high were Eric Harris and Dylan Klibold. if it wasnt them it would of been me who would of done it..... | WIKI |
Disputation: Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial Metal/Oxide Heterostructures
• Datum:
• Plats: Zoom: https://uu-se.zoom.us/j/5760699705
• Doktorand: Tobias Warnatz
• Kontaktperson: Tobias Warnatz
• Disputation
The work in this dissertation is devoted to tailoring and studying magnetic properties of epitaxial metal/oxide heterostructures. The aim is to understand the fundamental principles governing these properties and how they affect each other. The acquired knowledge can prove useful for the development of future spintronic devices. A variety of experimental techniques is used to fabricate and characterize the epitaxial structures. For fabrication, a combination of direct-current and radio-frequency sputtering is used, whereas x-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurements are the main tools for the structural characterization of the heterostructures. The magnetic characterization of these structures is done by a combination of longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr-effect measurements, Kerr-microscopy and polarized neutron reflectometry.
First, it is shown how strain affects the magnetic properties of metal/oxide heterostructures by comparing Fe/MgO and Fe/MgAl2O4 superlattices. Subsequently, an antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/MgO superlattices is revealed and attributed to a spin-polarized-tunneling mechanism. The coupling strength can be tuned by changing the MgO thickness leading to the stabilization of different remanent states as well as to different reversal mechanisms. It is shown that the interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/MgO superlattices is a consequence of two distinct components. These components can be interpreted as beyond-nearest-neighbor interactions and a contribution arising from the total thickness of the heterostructures.
The interlayer exchange coupling is further investigated via temperature dependent magnetization measurements. It is shown that different remanent states and reversal mechanisms occur at different temperatures. Furthermore, a large increase in interlayer exchange coupling strength with reduced temperature is revealed.
Finally, it is shown that Fe84Cu16/MgO superlattices exhibit a reduced magnetocrystalline anisotropy and interlayer exchange coupling strength, as compared to pure Fe/MgO superlattices. Patterning such Fe84Cu16/MgO superlattices in circular islands leads to an increased saturation field with decreasing island diameter. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How To Test The Camshaft Position Sensor (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 3.0L V6 Nissan Pathfinder And Pick Up)
The camshaft position sensor, which is inside the distributor, can be tested with an LED light. In this tutorial I'll show you how to do it step-by-step.
With your test results you'll be able to find out if it's defective or not.
NOTE: The camshaft position sensor in the 1990-1995 Pathfinder and Pick Up is also known as the crankshaft position sensor (altough it's located in the distributor).
En Español You can find this tutorial in Spanish here: Cómo Probar El Sensor De La Posición Del Árbol De Levas (1990-1995 3.0L Pathfinder y Pick Up) (at: autotecnico-online.com).
This tutorial applies to the following vehicles:
1. 3.0L V6 Nissan Pathfinder: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995.
2. 3.0L V6 Nissan D21 Pick Up: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993.
3. 3.0L V6 Nissan Pick Up: 1994, 1995.
You can find the ignition system wiring diagram for the 3.0L V6 Pathfinder and Pick Up here:
1. Ignition System Wiring Diagram (1990-1995 3.0L Nissan Pick Up And Pathfinder ).
Important Tips And Suggestions
TIP 1: Don't use the starter motor to turn the engine in TEST 3 and TEST 4. It's important to turn the engine by hand using a 1/2" ratchet wrench and socket on the crankshaft pulley. The tests will give the correct test result only if you turn the engine by hand.
TIP 2: The fuel system must be disabled before you do TEST 3 and TEST 4. You can easily do this by removing the fuel pump fuse.
The fuel pump fuse location:
1. 1990-1995 3.0L Pathfinder: fuse H of the dash fuse box.
2. 1990-1995 3.0L Pick Up: fuse H of the dash fuse box.
TIP 3: Before you test the camshaft position sensor, you must first test the ignition coil. If the ignition coil sparks then you can conclude that the camshaft position sensor is good and functioning correctly and therefore you don't need to test it.
The ignition coil test is not hard to and you can find it here: How To Test The Ignition Coil And Power Transistor (1990-1995 Pathfindier And Pick Up).
TIP 4: If the camshaft position sensor is bad, you're gonna' have to buy the whole distributor, since Nissan in all its wisdom, does not license any of the components to be sold separately.
How Does The Cam Sensor Work?
Here's a very brief description of how the camshaft position sensor works:
1. The camshaft position sensor is located inside the distributor and its job is to tell the fuel injection computer the positions of the pistons (especially the position of piston #1).
2. The cam sensor assembly is really a crankshaft position sensor, since the fuel injection computer uses it to control the creation of spark (thru') the power transistor and ignition coil.
3. When you turn the key and crank the engine (to start it), the camshaft position sensor gets 12 Volts thru' the black with white stripe (BLK/WHT) wire of the distributor's 4-wire connector.
4. As the engine turns, the camshaft position sensor starts to create two specific position signals that it sends directly to the computer. One signal is called the 1° POS signal and the other is called the 120° REF signal.
5. When the computer gets these two signals, it sends an activation signal to the power transistor.
6. When the power transistor gets its activation signal from the fuel injection computer, it now starts to switch the ignition coil's power ON and OFF.
7. With this ON/OFF signal the ignition coil starts to spark.
When the camshaft position sensor fails on your 3.0L Nissan Pathfinder or Pick Up; the engine is not going to start due to a lack of spark.
You're also going to see a trouble code 11: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor registered in the fuel injection computer. This code will light up the check engine light on your Nissan's instrument cluster.
TEST 1: Making Sure The Cam Sensor Is Getting Power
Making Sure The Cam Sensor Is Getting Power. How To Test The Camshaft Position Sensor (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 3.0L V6 Nissan Pathfinder And Pick Up)
The camshaft position sensor gets 12 Volts from the black with white stripe (BLK/WHT) wire of its 4-wire connector.
In the photo above, this wire connects to the female terminal labeled with the number 2. This female terminal belongs to the engine wiring harness connector.
We're gonna' do a simple multimeter voltage test to check the presence of these 12 Volts.
These are the test steps:
1. 1
Set your multimeter to Volts DC mode.
2. 2
Disconnect the 4 wire connector from the distributor.
3. 3
Probe the female terminal labeled with the number 2 with the red multimeter test lead.
NOTE: Be careful not to damage the female terminal of the connector with the red multimeter test lead.
4. 4
Connect the black multimeter test lead directly on the battery negative (-) terminal.
5. 5
Turn the key on but don't crank the engine.
6. 6
Your multimeter should register 10 to 12 Volts DC.
Let's examine your test result:
CASE 1: Your multimeter registered 10 to 12 Volts. This is the correct test result and lets you know that the camshaft position sensor is getting power.
In the next test we're gonna' check for the presence of Ground in the female terminal labeled with the number 3. For this test go to: TEST 2: Making Sure The Cam Sensor Is Getting Ground.
CASE 2: Your multimeter DID NOT register 10 to 12 Volts. Without this voltage the camshaft position sensor will not function and if it does not function the fuel injection computer will not activate the ignition coil.
Although it's beyond the scope of this tutorial your next step is to find out why this voltage is missing and repair the problem. The following wiring diagram will help you: Ignition System Wiring Diagram (1990-1995 3.0L Nissan Pick Up And Pathfinder ).
Nissan Vehicles:
• D21 3.0L
• 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
• Pathfinder 3.0L
• 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
• Pickup 3.0L
• 1994, 1995 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Milies
Milies (Μηλιές) is a village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Pelion, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 63.754 km2. It is a traditional Greek mountain village, at a height of 400 m on Mount Pelion. It is 28 km from Volos, the capital city of Magnesia. Milies is connected with the GR-34A (Volos - Promyri) It has traditional stone houses, cobbled roads, good restaurants and accommodation in abundance. Milies is also notable for being the terminus of the narrow gauge (60 cm) Pelion Railway, built between 1895 and 1903 by the Italian engineer, Evaristo de Chirico, father of the famous artist Giorgio de Chirico. This proved to be of considerable economic advantage to the region. The recently railway runs between Ano Lechonia and Milies twice a week at the weekend. The village commands striking views across the Pagasetic Gulf and benefits from the many streams and water sources for which Mt. Pelion is renowned. These result in rich vegetation and cool, forested mountain slopes.
Subdivisions
The municipal unit Milies is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
* Agios Georgios Nileias (Agios Georgios Nileias, Agia Triada, Ano Gatzea, Dyo Revmata, Kato Gatzea)
* Kala Nera
* Milies (Milies, Koropi, Stavrodromi)
* Pinakates (Pinakates, Agios Athanasios)
* Vyzitsa (Vyzitsa, Argyreika)
Nearest places
* Koropi
* Kala Nera, southwest
* Ano Lechonia, northwest
* Stavrodromoi
Geography
The Pelion mountains dominate the area, the valley covers the central part. Farmlands are adjacent to the village, which produces fruits, olives and vegetables.
History
The town was founded by people fleeing pirate attacks on Milies on the island of Euboea. The town was constructed inland and while the sea can be seen from the village, the community cannot be seen from the sea. Anthimos Gazis and Grigorios Konstantas opened the school "Psychis Akos" in 1814 which is now a library with books and historic features. Milies was the first community of Pelion which saw the Greek War of Independence of 1821. Magnesia lost the battle and did not join the Greek Kingdom until 1881. When Milies and the area became part of Greece in 1881, the Ottomans left the area.
During the German Occupation in World War II nearly the whole village was burnt down by German occupation troops on October 4, 1943. According to the official report of the municipality the Germans executed 25 men and three inhabitants died in their houses by the flames. This was after the resistance had killed a German officer and a soldier nearby eight days before on September 26.
Landmarks
The towns feature's a church known as Agios Taxiarchos (built in 1741).
Notable people
* Anthimos Gazis (1758–1828), scholar of the Greek Enlightenment
* Grigorios Konstantas (1753–1844)
* Daniel Philippidis (ca. 1750–1832)
* Konstantinos Garefis (1874-1906), chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle
Sister cities
* 🇨🇾 Lapithos, Cyprus
* 🇲🇩 Bălţi, Moldova | WIKI |
Lumentum leads optical stocks lower after report that the U.S. is investigating Huawei for sanction violations
Shares of Lumentum Holdings Inc. are down 7.2% in Wednesday morning trading after a Wall Street Journal report indicated that the Justice Department is looking into whether Chinese smartphone maker Huawei violated U.S. sanctions on Iran. Shares of Oclaro Corp. , Acacia Communications Inc. , and Finisar Corp. are also getting pummeled. Potential punishments for Huawei may have investors in optical names concerned after the government earlier in April banned U.S. companies from selling components to smartphone maker ZTE Corp. after that company didn't fulfill its promise to reprimand employees after its own sanctions violations. That news hurt optical names, especially Acacia, which got about 30% of its revenue from ZTE last year. Lumentum generates about 15% of its revenue from Huawei, MKM Partners analyst Michael Genovese wrote last week. Lumentum shares are down 18% this month, while Acacia shares are down 27% and Finisar shares are down 2.3%. The S&P 500 is off 0.9% so far in April. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How do you label water pipes?
Pipes that contain any type of water should be labeled green as per the ANSI/ASME A13.1 standard. This can include boiler water, potable water, waste water, etc. Labeling pipes that contain water is just as important as labeling those that contain hazardous chemicals. The reason being because just like those hazardous chemicals, water can also play an important role in facility operations—when something plays a role in facility production, it also almost always requires maintenance at some point or another.
Working with water pipes is no less dangerous if tasks are completed incorrectly. The water contained may be boiling hot, frigid cold, or even be bacteria filled wastewater. For this reason, it is important to appropriately label the contents of these pipes. Visual communication such as this will allow workers to be able to complete their tasks more efficiently and effectively rather than if they were guessing or pondering over piping infrastructure maps and charts. Not to mention the accidents lying in wait if these types of pipes were not labeled at all.
If an emergency situation does occur, the dangers that these kinds of water pipes may include:
• Burns from scalding hot water
• Slips and falls from leaks making floors wet
• Illness from contaminated wastewater
These are only a few examples of what the aftermath of an accident could mean for workers. Remembering to mark those pipes with a green label is the first step in keeping everyone safe from harm. Follow the ANSI/ASME A13.1 standards for pipe marking to have a clean and tidy and accident-free facility.
View all Pipe Marking Q&A
Pipe Marking Guide
Label Samples
Other FREE Resources:
Helpful Resources | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of India Vol 6.djvu/69
THE DOMINATION OF THE TURKS 33 ceding century, the command of the old Indo-Euro- pean highways had passed to the Turkish hordes. While a great necessity thus arose among the Chris- tian nations to search out new trade-routes to India, we must not exaggerate the extent to which the old ones were closed. Alike in the Euphrates valley, in Syria, and in Egypt the Ottomans ousted Semitic dy- nasties of a comparatively civilized type. For a time, also, they trampled down the refinements in which those dynasties delighted. But the rude despoilers grew themselves into luxurious potentates, and although their Mongol nature was incapable of the higher Semitic culture, it took on a veneer. The period of avalanche passed; the need of the Indian trade-routes for exits toward Europe remained as insistent as before. Nor were the Turks indifferent to the taxes and transit duties that could be squeezed from the traffick- ers whom they despised. The Asiatic commerce, whether by Syria or by Egypt, often interrupted and at times blocked, was never altogether destroyed. Genoa and Venice still distributed their Eastern wares, in an impeded flow, to the European nations. After the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453, and the partial blockade of the Nile by the growing Ottoman navy, Famagusta in Cyprus became the Venetian headquar- ters of the trade in succession to Alexandria after 1475. It did business with Egypt under the Mamluk Sultans until 1516, and resumed its intercourse when the Nile valley settled down, after that year, beneath Ottoman rule. For nearly a century Famagusta re- | WIKI |
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 08.djvu/225
Rh of February, and while the town was in flames, ascribed the burning of Columbia to the intoxication of his soldiers and to no other cause. On the following day, the 18th of February, the lady to whom reference was previously made (Mrs. L. S. McCord), at the request of a friend having undertaken to present a paper to General Howard, sought an interview with that officer—second in command of the invading army—and found General Sherman with him. The narrative of a part of the interview is as follows: "I handed him the paper, which he glanced at, and then, in a somewhat subdued voice, but standing so near General Sherman that I think it impossible that the latter could help hearing him, he said: 'You may rest satisfied, Mrs.———, that there will be nothing of the kind happening to-night. The truth is, our men last night got beyond our control; many of them were shot; many of them were killed; there will be no repetition of these things to-night. I assure you there will be nothing of the kind; to-night will be perfectly quiet.' And it was quiet peaceful as the grave the ghost of its predecessor." "The same day (18th of February) General Sherman," deposes the Mayor, "sent for me. I went to see him about one o'clock. He met me very cordially, and said he regretted very much that our city was burned, and that it was my fault. I asked him how? He said in suffering ardent spirits to be left in the city after it was evacuated, saying: 'Who could command drunken soldiers?' There was no allusion made to General Hampton, to accident, or to cotton."
On the succeeding day—Sunday, February 19, 1865—the Mayor and six of the citizens visited General Sherman in order to obtain food for the subsistence of the women and children until communication could be had with the country. General Sherman, upon this occasion, talked much. "In the course of his discourse," deposes one of the gentlemen (Edwin J. Scott, Esq.), "he referred to the burning of the city, admitting that it was done by his troops, but excusing them because, as he alleged, they had been made drunk by our citizens, one of whom, a druggist, he said, had brought a pailful of spirits to them on their arrival. Again, on our leaving the room, he expressed regret that the liquor had not been destroyed before his men entered the place; but he never mentioned or alluded in any way to General Hampton or the cotton, nor gave the slightest intimation that they were instrumental in the destruction of the city. At that time," deposes the same witness, "the universal testimony of our people was that Sherman's | WIKI |
Closed Bug 1357238 Opened 3 years ago Closed 2 years ago
Apostrophes in commit messages can break try parsing
Categories
(Firefox Build System :: Task Configuration, task)
task
Not set
Tracking
(Not tracked)
RESOLVED FIXED
mozilla55
People
(Reporter: bstack, Assigned: bstack)
Details
Attachments
(1 file)
https://dxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/c697e756f738ce37abc56f31bfbc48f55625d617/taskcluster/taskgraph/try_option_syntax.py#203 will die with a "ValueError: No closing quotation" exception for commit messages like
Bug 1353653 - Increase spammy log's log level. try: -b do -p all -u mochitests -t none --setenv MOZ_LOG=UrlClassifierDbService:4,UrlClassifierStreamUpdater:5
Currently, this does not fail because moz-tc cleans up the message before we submit it https://github.com/taskcluster/mozilla-taskcluster/blob/1dbdeeb990595be75131b90d60866226000345ad/src/jobs/taskcluster_graph.js#L65
We should probably either make it so that in-tree stuff handles this sort of message correctly, or don't try to parse it at all and assume that moz-tc will do it for us as it does currently.
tl;dr As it stands, find_try_idx should always find an index of 0 currently. We can either get rid of this processing or make moz-tc stop pre-processing and handle this situation correctly.
I'm in favor of doing less in moz-tc :)
Assignee: nobody → bstack
Comment on attachment 8873661 [details]
Bug 1357238 - Allow apostrophes in try commit messages
https://reviewboard.mozilla.org/r/145052/#review149396
molto bene!
Attachment #8873661 - Flags: review?(dustin) → review+
Keywords: checkin-needed
Pushed by ryanvm@gmail.com:
https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/autoland/rev/a17f14f2a35a
Allow apostrophes in try commit messages r=dustin
Keywords: checkin-needed
https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/a17f14f2a35a
Status: NEW → RESOLVED
Closed: 2 years ago
Resolution: --- → FIXED
Target Milestone: --- → mozilla55
Product: TaskCluster → Firefox Build System
You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Simple Tips To Keep You From Getting An Asthma Attack
TIPS! Be careful of chemical cleaners if you are asthmatic. Many of the chemicals in cleaning products can trigger asthma symptoms or attacks.
Are you an asthma sufferer looking for more information about your condition? There are others who feel the same way you do. There are a lot of people who want to expand their knowledge when it comes to asthma, yet they aren’t sure where they can obtain this kind of information. What you are about to read in the following article about asthma may just surprise you.
TIPS! Some medications that you may take unknowingly can cause you to have asthma symptoms. Some NSAIDs and aspirin might do this.
There are many different types of asthma. Being fully informed about the specific type of asthma you have is very important. For example, if you have exercise-induced asthma, you will want to always make sure you have an inhaler in your gym bag. You will be able to prevent asthma attacks if you can recognize symptoms.
Cleaning Products
TIPS! If you are suffering from asthma, stay away from any type of cigarette smoke. This cannot be emphasized enough: Stay away from cigarette smoke! Avoid fumes and vapors of any kind.
If you suffer with asthma, avoid cleaning products. Cleaning products may contain chemicals which can trigger an asthmatic episode, such as ammonia. If you’re the one who regularly cleans the house, look for natural cleaning products which are much safer to use.
TIPS! Consider getting allergy shots if you have asthma that is caused by allergies that aren’t under control. Omalizumab is a mediation that is able to control allergic reaction symptoms.
You want to make sure you can avoid situations that could trigger your asthma. For some, allergens such as dust and pollen can trigger an attack. For others, physical activity can irritate them. Pay attention to what causes your attacks so you can prevent them from happening.
TIPS! Everyone in your family, including you, should get the flu vaccination every year. Make sure you do your best in avoiding respiratory infections at all costs if you have asthma.
Injections are available to people who suffer from asthma related to allergies, to help give them some long term relief. An excellent antibody medication that works well to control asthma symptoms, brought on by allergic reactions is called Omalizumab, and can be administered by your allergist.
TIPS! You might want to purchase a dehumidifier to use at home if you have asthma. When you use a dehumidifier, it will reduce the amount of dust mites.
Contact a social worker if you have asthma but do not meet the eligibility requirements for health insurance. It is critical that every asthma sufferer have access to the proper medicines to keep the condition under control, and a social worker could help you locate a hospital or clinic that will provide you the necessary medication on a low or no-fee basis.
TIPS! For asthma sufferers, the unscented option is always the best choice among different products. If you are using scented products like perfume, incense, or air fresheners you should up the level of air pollution in your home.
You should ensure that every family member in your household gets a flu vaccine yearly. If you have asthma, try to avoid getting respiratory infections if you can. This includes preventive measures against sickness, such as practicing good hygiene and getting all recommended vaccinations.
TIPS! If you’re suffering from a cold or allergies, you should talk to your doctor about taking additional asthma medication. Some illnesses create issues that make it necessary to increase medication temporarily.
If you suffer from asthma, taking enough Vitamin E and C can help you. You can buy these vitamins to help you get better function from your lungs and control your asthma symptoms. You can choose to ingest this vitamins by eating foods that are rich in the vitamins or through a supplement. Another great benefit of vitamin C is that it will help to strengthen your immune system overall.
TIPS! When flying and bringing along asthma medications and equipment, be sure to pack your prescriptions. This is especially true for large items like a nebulizer.
Think about buying a dehumidifier if your asthma symptoms are bad. If you lessen your humidity in the house, you will stave off dust mites that may make your asthma flare. A dehumidifier works to dry the air by removing moisture.
TIPS! You should definitely use your preventative inhaler on a daily basis. However, you should be warned that the drug can also cause infections in your mouth, particularly near your teeth and gums.
Make sure you are aware of what triggers your asthma so you can avoid it or prepare properly. The majority of people suffering from asthma have several common triggers, like pet dander, smoke or pollen. When it is possible avoid substances that make you have symptoms or attacks.
TIPS! See how many times a week you typically use the rescue inhaler. If you are utilizing your inhaler more than two times per day, you might not be controlling asthma as well as you think you are! The number of times you use your inhaler can serve as a good reminder to monitor your environment and other aspects of your asthma management plan.
Avoid pillows with feathers if you have asthma. Pillow feathers force the lungs to work harder and can exacerbate asthma problems. This extends to the rest of your bedding, as well. There are hypoallergenic comforters and sheets you can use to limit asthma symptoms.
TIPS! Asthma sufferers should minimize their contact with animals and pets. Having an allergy to dander or animal hair could be possible asthma complications, even sufferers free of these kinds of allergies could still have an asthma attack that is caused by pollen and dust animals seem to carry around with them.
If conclusion, it’s normal for people experiencing asthma to be curious about their condition because it affects their everyday life. The purpose of this article is to give you important information about asthma that you could use to help ease the stress of having this type of condition. If you use the tips suggested here, you might discover that asthma is easier to live with than you think.
3 years ago | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Publicado el 6 comentarios
Dumbbell Chest Fly
Talking about isolation exercises, the dumbbell chest fly on a flat bench is key to developing your pectoral muscles. It works mainly the pectoralis minor.
Sit on a flat bench with a dumbbell on each hand resting on top of your thighs. The palms of your hand will be facing each other.
Using your thighs to help raise the dumbbells, lift the dumbbells one at a time so you can hold them in front of you at shoulder width with the palms of your hands facing each other.
Lie on your back with your feet placed firmly on the floor or the bench itself so that you can keep your spine in a neutral position. Pull your shoulder blades down and back so that they make firm contact with the bench. Your head, shoulders, and butt should make contact with the bench throughout the exercise.
Raise the dumbbells up like you’re pressing them, but stop and hold just before you lock out.
Inhale and with a slight bend on your elbows in order to prevent stress at the biceps tendon, lower your arms out at both sides in a wide arc until you feel a stretch on your chest.
Exhale and return your arms up you squeeze your chest muscles. Make sure to use the same arc of motion used to lower the weights.
Hold for a moment at the contracted position and repeat the movement until you complete the set.
Do you want to watch more exercise videos? Subscribe to my YouTube channel.
Publicado el Deja un comentario
Inclined dumbbell press
The incline dumbbell bench press is a great exercise for building mass on the upper chest.
Sit on an incline bench angled between 45 and 60 degrees, grasping a dumbbell in each hand at the top of your thighs.
Then, use your thighs to help push the dumbbells up, as you lay back on the bench.
Your feet should be firmly on the floor, a raised platform, or on the bench in order to allow your spine to be in a neutral position. Pull your shoulder blades down and back so that they make firm contact with the bench.
Press the dumbbells to a position over your eyes or slightly higher, with your elbows straight. Wrists should be in a neutral position and palms facing forward.
Inhale and lower the dumbbells toward your upper chest, but slightly wider toward the armpits. Gently touch the dumbbells to your chest. Keep the elbows under the wrists and the wrists in a neutral position. Performing the exercise with the elbows close to your torso emphasizes more triceps. Performing the exercise with the elbows flared out from the body emphasizes more pectorals. Maintain all points of contact with the bench and keep your feet firmly on the floor throughout the exercise.
Exhale and gently press upwards to full elbow extension with the dumbbells over your eyes. Maintain your points of contact with the bench and floor. Do not allow your back to arch. Keep the wrists in a neutral position throughout the movement.
Repeat.
Do you want to watch more exercise videos? Subscribe to my YouTube channel.
Publicado el 6 comentarios
Swiss ball dumbbell chest press
Changing the bench for a stability (Swiss) ball turns any exercise into a more challenging one because we have to stabilize the body. This requires focus and involves your core muscles.
Performing the dumbbell chest press on a Swiss ball will not only work your chest but your full core.
Sit on the ball holding one dumbbell in each hand and your feet flat on the floor. Slowly begin walking your feet forward as you tuck your tail under, lowering your spine onto the ball as you walk your feet away from the ball until your head, shoulders and upper back are resting on the ball. Knees are bent to about 90 degrees with your thighs and torso parallel to the floor. Brace your abs to stabilize your spine.
Pull your shoulders down and back until you feel your shoulder blades hugging the ball. With the dumbbells near your chest and palms facing forward, keep the wrist straight, not bent.
Exhale, focus on your chest, and press the dumbbells upward with your elbows straight but not locked. Keep your feet pressed into the floor and your hips pushed up towards the ceiling to maintain stability and control during the exercise.
Inhale and slowly lower the dumbbells to the starting position. Repeat.Imagine that a bar connects the dumbbells. Try to keep the dumbbells parallel with each other and wrists in neutral position. Your head,
Imagine that a bar connects the dumbbells. Try to keep the dumbbells parallel with each other and wrists in neutral position.
Do you want to watch more exercise videos? Subscribe to my YouTube channel.
Publicado el 8 comentarios
Dumbbell Bench Press
The dumbbell bench press is an upper body exercise that strengthens the chest, shoulders, and triceps while improving muscular balance. Using dumbbells allows for a great range of motion in the chest and can also be easier on the shoulders and prevent pain.
Pick up the dumbbells off the floor, palms facing in. Position the ends of the dumbbells on your thighs, and sit down on the bench. To get in position, you need to rock back pushing the dumbbells back with your thighs and only slightly bending at the elbows.
Lie on your back with your feet firmly on the bench, your spine in neutral position. Pull your shoulder blades down and back so that they make firm contact with the bench.
Keeping your wrists in neutral, press the dumbbells toward the ceiling. With the elbows fully extended, the dumbbells should be above your chest.
Inhale and slowly lower the dumbbells to the sides of your chest.
With elbows close to your sides the exercises emphasizes more triceps. If the elbows are flared out from the body the exercise emphasizes more pectorals. Do not allow the back to arch away from the bench. Maintain all points of contact with the bench and keep your feet firmly on the bench.
Exhale and gently press upward to straighten the elbows back to starting position.
Publicado el 2 comentarios
Stability ball Push ups
The stability ball pushup is an advanced progression of the traditional pushup that strengthens the chest, shoulders, and triceps. Performing the exercise on the stability ball, an unstable surface engages the core throughout the entire range of motion.
Lie face down on the floor and place your hands apart from each other holding your torso up at arms length. Place your toes on top of the exercise ball.
Inhale and lower yourself until your chest almost touches the floor. Keep your body straight.
Exhale and press your body back up to the starting position, using your pectoral muscles. Repeat.
Do you want to watch more exercise videos? Subscribe to my YouTube channel. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Reaction injection molding
Painting
Whether something is easy to paint is not just dependent on the molding process - it depends on the polymer itself too. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:21, 3 August 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
2007 Summer Universiade
The 2007 Summer Universiade officially known as the XXIV Summer Universiade and commonly known as Bangkok Universiade, was an international multi-sport for university athletes that took place from 8 to 18 August 2007 in Bangkok, Thailand, with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 7 August.
Bidding process
In August 2003, FISU officially confirmed five candidate cities: Bangkok, Saskatoon, Poznań, Kaohsiung and Monterrey were the five candidate cities. However, Saskatoon Bid was withdrawn.
* 🇹🇭 Bangkok, Thailand
* Kaohsiung, Chinese Taipei
* 🇲🇽 Monterrey, Mexico
* 🇵🇱 Poznań, Poland
* 🇨🇦 Saskatoon, Canada
Mascot
The official mascot of the 2007 Summer Universiade is a rabbit named Mighty Mai-Tri.The name of this mascot not only suggests power and friendship but it also corresponds to the Year of the Rabbit, which is the lunar year of King Bhumibol's birth. The rabbit is a symbol of agility, intelligence, gentleness, and welcomes athletes of all nations. With a smile and friendship His appearance, color, and mannerism express humility. Which is one of the uniqueness of Thai's very long established culture.
Slogan
The slogan for the 24th Summer Universiade is, "All Become One", suggesting the unity of people of all races and religions from 150 countries.
Logo
The logo itself consists of 5 line colors arranged in a U shape, which is derived from the word Universiade is comparable to the lines of experience transmission. The exchange of knowledge and culture between representatives and athletes from universities from 5 continents around the world all in one. Connected into a golden yellow bird patterned symbol. Which is the identity of the Thai nation Filled with joy and pride to be honored as the center of transmission and exchange of cultures.
Calendar
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%"
* bgcolor=#00cc33 | ● || Opening Ceremony || bgcolor=#3399ff | ● || Competitions || bgcolor=#ffcc00 | ● || Finals || bgcolor=#ee3333 | ● || Closing Ceremony
* bgcolor=#00cc33 | ● || Opening Ceremony || bgcolor=#3399ff | ● || Competitions || bgcolor=#ffcc00 | ● || Finals || bgcolor=#ee3333 | ● || Closing Ceremony
Sports
* Aquatics
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
* Artistic gymnastics (14)
* Rhythmic gymnastics (8) | WIKI |
Battle Galleons
Battle Galleons is a water ride at the British theme park Alton Towers. The ride was installed in 2008, replacing the pay-per-play ride Splash Kart Challenge, which in turn replaced the original Swan Boat ride.
Located in the Mutiny Bay area, it follows a pirate ship theme. Riders and observers are able to fire water guns at each other. | WIKI |
M. C. Chakrabarti
Mukunda Chandra Chakrabarti (31 January – 22 June 1972) a statistician from Bengal of the British India was the founder head of the department of statistics, University of Mumbai India. He nurtured the department from its birth in 1948 until he died in 1972. The department of mathematics at University of Mumbai was established later in 1963 under the guidance of Professor S. S. Shrikhande.
Chakrabarti was known for his work in design of experiments. He guided a number of students for their Ph.D.s in statistics from University of Mumbai. He was also associated with University of Pune where his notes on design of experiments were taught and he used to come as external examiner for the practical examination.
In 1972, Chakrabarti died of a heart attack in Mumbai.
Select work
* A note on skewness and kurtosis, MC Chakrabarti – Bull Calcutta Soc Math, 1946
* M. C. Chakrabarti, On the C-matrix in design of experiments, J. Indian Statist. Assoc. 1 (1963), 8-23.
* On the use of incidence matrices of designs in sampling from finite populations, MC Chakrabarti – Journal of Indian Statistical Association, 1963
* On the ratio of the mean deviation to standard deviation, MC Chakrabarti – Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin
* [BOOK] Mathematics of design and analysis of experiments, MC Chakrabarti – 1962 – orton.catie.ac.cr | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Owen Halper
The result was Delete. Keep arguments have not been substantiated. Ty 09:30, 18 April 2008 (UTC)
Chris Owen Halper
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
A photographer whose photos have verifiably been used by a maker of camera bags (as have the photos of many other photographers) but whose other claims to significance are unsupported. The article was created by an SPA a year ago, hasn't been significantly improved since, and doesn't seem likely to be improved any time soon. Hoary (talk) 04:13, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Visual arts-related deletion discussions. —David Eppstein (talk) 15:56, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Keep Seems to meet notability criteria, but could be improved and better referenced. Pinkville (talk) 15:57, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Weak Keep He seems notable, but it needs some sources. Voyaging(talk) 19:13, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Delete, lots of professional photographers routinely photograph somewhat notable subjects, but this does not confer notability onto the photographer. The mention of Mensa membership hints that this article is self-promotion. Truth be told, I don't even see much assertion of notability in the mostly unsourced text. Gwen Gale (talk) 23:04, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Delete No proof of any significant recognition to meet WP:BIO. IFEA, Emergency Beacons, and Lowepro seem to be minor "in house" recognition. Some significant critical BIO or review is needed. Lack of sources means "delete" -- if such sources are added, can become a "keep". Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 18:15, 14 April 2008 (UTC)
* Delete per several; a non-notable pro photographer. Not even an assertion of notability. Johnbod (talk) 02:12, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Lewis4Moop
Biography
Lewis Charles Cook was born the 27/04/91 in his local town of Exeter. at an early age Lewis recieved a Nintendo 64 for Christmas and this brought his love to computer games. In recent years Lewis has owned a number of computer game consoles, including: PS2,Wii, Xbox 360, Xbox, Gamecube and Nintendo 64. Lewis also found a love for rugby at an early age joining the Exeter Saracens Rugby club mid-way through the under 11s season. On April 2nd Lewis bought himself a second hand TS50X motorcycle with help from his parents, Lewis pass his CBT on the 29th of April unfortunately failing the test the day before.
Education
Lewis Charles Cook started school at the age of 6 when he became a student at Ide First School. Lewis' school life started to slip has he became less interested in school. From Ide First School he became a student at John Stocker Middle School and from there West Exe Technology College. Where Lewis Lost interest in school and scraped through on "sloppy" grades.
Lewis' found an interest in Motorcycles and how they worked and is currently studying at Exeter College where he has enroled in the Level 1 award group in Motorcycles and is predicted a Merit Level grade once finished.
Alphin Brook Road Accident
On December the 5th 2007 Lewis was involed in a Motorcycle accident along Alphin Brook Road of Marsh Barton Exeter. Lewis was overtaking traffic as a woman indicated and manouvered at the same time giving Lewis no chance to see her, he collide with the back of her car and was rushed to hospital. Lewis escaped with cuts to his lower back and ligament damage to his thumb. Insurence companys are currently battling the case.
Rugby Career
Lewis started playing rugby for the Exeter Saracens under 11s team and has carried on playing through out his teenage years, he is now curently playing for the Exeter Saracens Colts team consisting of 16 to 17 year old players. Lewis enjoys playing rugby dispite having a short temper and holding the record amount of red cards given to a player at Exeter Saracens Rugby Club.
Age Rumor
Lewis was rumord to have actually been born on April 27th 1989 due to beeing stop by the police on the offence of underage drinking, when questioned of his age Lewis replied "April 27th 1989" there was no police file at all to prove how old he was, The police gave him the benefit of the doubt and let him go. | WIKI |
User:Thearones/List of cities by scientific output
Nature Index
The 200 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals in 2022 according to the Nature Index 2023 Science Cities: | WIKI |
Jørgen Mads Clausen
Jørgen Mads Clausen (born 23 September 1948) is the chairman of the board of Danfoss, the large Danish heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning company started by his father, Mads Clausen. He is also the chairman of DI, the association of the Danish Industry, and has a sizeable investment in the WaveStar wave energy project. | WIKI |
Development
ApplyingCustomJoinsInDoSelect
You must first sign up to be able to contribute.
Version 4 (modified by anonymous, 11 years ago)
--
Applying custom joins in doSelect* method
You want to join a table when running doSelect method to save you from doing multiple queries, but for various reasons you cannot refer it to a foreign key column in the schema, so propel doesn't generate the code for you. This page describes how to still write your own doSelectJoin* method like the code generated by Propel.
Say you want to join Article with Book then join with Category, with article.book_id = book.id AND book.category_id = category.id.
First open ArticlePeer.php and add the following method (In fact the code is taken mostly from the propel generated base classes):
public static function doSelectJoinBookAndCategory(Criteria $c, $con = null)
{
$c = clone $c;
// Set the correct dbName if it has not been overridden
if ($c->getDbName() == Propel::getDefaultDB()) {
$c->setDbName(self::DATABASE_NAME);
}
// Add select columns for Article
ArticlePeer::addSelectColumns($c);
$startcol2 = (ArticlePeer::NUM_COLUMNS - ArticlePeer::NUM_LAZY_LOAD_COLUMNS) + 1;
// Add select columns for Book
BookPeer::addSelectColumns($c);
$startcol3 = $startcol + BookPeer::NUM_COLUMNS ;
// Add select columns for Category
CategoryPeer::addSelectColumns($c);
// [NOTE 1]
$c->addJoin(ArticlePeer::BOOK_ID, BookPeer::ID);
$c->addJoin(BookPeer::CATEGORY_ID, CategoryPeer::ID);
$rs = BasePeer::doSelect($c, $con);
$results = array();
while($rs->next())
{
// Hydrate the Article object
$omClass = ArticlePeer::getOMClass();
$cls = Propel::import($omClass);
$obj1 = new $cls();
$obj1->hydrate($rs);
// Hydrate the Book object
$omClass = BookPeer::getOMClass();
$cls = Propel::import($omClass);
$obj2 = new $cls();
$obj2->hydrate($rs, $startcol2);
// Hydrate the Category object
$omClass = CategoryPeer::getOMClass();
$cls = Propel::import($omClass);
$obj3 = new $cls();
$obj3->hydrate($rs, $startcol3);
// [NOTE 2]
$obj1->setBook($obj2);
$obj1->setCategory($obj3);
$results[] = $obj1;
}
return $results;
}
Notes:
1. In case an Article may not have a Book but you still want it, apply left join instead:
$c->addJoin(ArticlePeer::BOOK_ID, BookPeer::ID, Criteria::LEFT_JOIN);
$c->addJoin(BookPeer::CATEGORY_ID, CategoryPeer::ID, Criteria::LEFT_JOIN);
2. If you had ever looked into the generated code of the base class, you will see it loops the previously fetched results for the same object by comparing the primary keys to prevent multiple instances of the same record. I don't care much about single instance so I assign the Book and Category object to Article without checking.
Since setBook() and setCategory() doesn't exist, you have to write it yourself.
Open Article.php and add the following fields and methods:
protected
$book = null,
$category = null;
public function setBook($book)
{
$this->book = $book;
}
public function setCategory($category)
{
$this->category = $category;
}
public function getBook()
{
return $this->book;
}
public function getCategory()
{
return $this->category;
}
Or if you want a smarter get*() :
public function getBook()
{
if (!$this->book)
$this->book = BookPeer::retrieveByPk($this->getBookId());
return $this->book;
}
public function getCategory()
{
if (!$this->category)
{
$book = $this->getBook();
if ($book instanceof Book)
$this->category = CategoryPeer::retrieveByPk($book->getCategoryId());
}
return $this->category;
}
?>
That's it! You can use ArticlePeer::doSelectJoinBookAndCategory() to fetch the books also with the book and category fields. Calling $article->getBook() and $article->getCategory() won't cause an extra query. To use this function in a pager, call $pager->setPeerMethod('doSelectJoinBookAndCategory');. Note that you can use the ordinal doCount for the above example. However if you are doing something that affects the result count (like grouping, or joinging that causes some rows not fetched) in the doSelect* method, you will have to roll your own doCount* method and call $pager->setPeerMethod('doCountJoinBookAndCategory'); to ensure proper count. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rafael Eitan Mekif Ramat Gan High School
The result was delete__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. North America1000 16:42, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
Rafael Eitan Mekif Ramat Gan High School
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Cannot find anything notable about the school. According to the school website (see link on wiki page) (translated from the Hebrew) there were around 30 and 160 students - indicating it is a very small school. Newhaven lad (talk) 15:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Schools and Israel. WC Quidditch ☎ ✎ 16:59, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
* Delete . Not a notable school. Marokwitz (talk) 12:38, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
* Delete This page lacks sourcing, and secondary sources don't seem to exist. Not notable. The HR heading is interesting as it appears to call staff "assets" and "property". I expect just an amusing lack of clarity. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 13:18, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Bessent Says Trump and Soros Have Something in Common: Impatience
(Bloomberg) -- Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told a room full of billionaires in Sun Valley that President Donald Trump shares a personality trait with his former boss, the famously liberal financier George Soros: Both are impatient when working on high-stakes deals.
Most Read from Bloomberg
Singer Akon’s Failed Futuristic City in Senegal Ends Up a $1 Billion Resort
Why Did Cars Get So Hard to See Out Of?
Are Tourists Ruining Europe? How Locals Are Pushing Back
Can Americans Just Stop Building New Highways?
How German Cities Are Rethinking Women’s Safety — With Taxis
Bessent spoke Wednesday at the annual Allen & Co. conference — dubbed the “summer camp for billionaires” in Sun Valley, Idaho. Bessent, who was asked by the moderator to compare his current and former bosses, said that Trump and Soros are similar in their temperament, their demands and their impatience, according to people in the room.
The Treasury secretary responded that he advises Trump to be patient as they work through trade announcements, said the people, who requested anonymity to share details of the closed-door discussion that was off-limits to the public and journalists.
Bessent credited Trump with a unique ability to identify problems and find solutions but said that he sometimes can be impatient when it comes to implementation, the people added. Bessent, while answering questions from the audience, downplayed the effect of tariffs on inflation and predicted two interest rate cuts this year, adding that borrowing costs in the long term will likely be in line with pre-pandemic levels, the people said.
A Treasury spokesperson disputed the characterization of Bessent’s remarks on interest rates and shared a transcript of that portion of his comments that captured Bessent saying that investors are pricing in one and a half cuts this year. The spokesperson also said Bessent has never commented on future Fed policy.
The White House did not respond to a request to comment.
Before becoming Trump’s top economic adviser, Bessent did two stints at Soros Fund Management, rising to chief investment officer before leaving to start his own hedge fund.
It’s not yet clear how much Bessent has swayed the president in recent days. This week, Trump has taken to social media to announce a raft of new levies on trading partners in the form of letters declaring tariff rates to take effect on Aug. 1, rather than in the form of bilateral deals the White House had once suggested.
That includes a 50% duty on Brazilian goods, with Trump citing political spats with the South American country. That rate came as a surprise since the US has a trade surplus with the nation. And on Thursday night, the president said Canada would be hit with a 35% tariff on some goods coming into the US.
Bessent is the lead negotiator in talks with China, Japan and other Asian nations and has played a role helping Trump shape his trade policy, an unusual position for a Treasury chief.
He is scheduled to travel to Japan next week, though the Treasury Department says trade won’t come up during his visit. He is also expected to soon meet with Chinese officials, as well as with Indonesia’s Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs.
China Talks
The US tariff rate on Chinese goods reached 145% earlier this year before Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer met with Chinese officials in Geneva, Switzerland, in May.
The two sides held a second round of talks in London in June, largely re-affirming the tariff truce they reached during the first meeting. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick joined Bessent and Greer for those discussions.
Yet a comprehensive deal remains elusive with the Geneva agreement largely just setting a course for further negotiations.
Bessent said that Trump is very good at understanding how to create leverage during negotiations and objected to the notion of a so-called TACO trade, an acronym coined by a Financial Times columnist that stands for “Trump Always Chickens Out.”
Instead, Bessent said Trump’s strategy is more akin to FAFO, an acronym popular on social media that stands for “F—- Around and Find Out,” according to one person in the room.
Bessent also took a couple of jabs at former White House adviser and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, with whom he has reportedly clashed.
Asked about Musk launching a political party, Bessent responded, “What party?” one of the people said.
He then quipped that Musk could probably get votes on Mars, referring to the world’s richest person’s ambitions to get humankind to the planet with progress at his space company, SpaceX.
(Updates with Treasury statement.)
Most Read from Bloomberg Businessweek
Trump’s Cuts Are Making Federal Data Disappear
Will Trade War Make South India the Next Manufacturing Hub?
Soccer Players Are Being Seriously Overworked
‘Our Goal Is to Get Their Money’: Inside a Firm Charged With Scamming Writers for Millions
‘Telecom Is the New Tequila’: Behind the Celebrity Wireless Boom
©2025 Bloomberg L.P. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Public | Automated Build
Last pushed: 2 years ago
Short Description
Spacewalk is an open source Linux systems management solution.
Full Description
Dockerfile - Spacewalk
Run
root@ruo91:~# docker run --privileged=true -d --name="spacewalk" ruo91/spacewalk
or
Build
root@ruo91:~# git clone https://github.com/ruo91/docker-spacewalk /opt/docker-spacewalk
root@ruo91:~# docker build --rm -t spacewalk /opt/docker-spacewalk
Run
root@ruo91:~# docker run --privileged=true -d --name="spacewalk" spacewalk
root@ruo91:~# docker inspect -f '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' spacewalk
172.17.0.126
Nginx - Reverse proxy
Generating Self-signed Certificate
root@ruo91:~# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
root@ruo91:~# cd /etc/nginx/ssl
root@ruo91:~# openssl genrsa -des3 -out spacewalk.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..........................................................++++++
......................................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for spacewalk.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for spacewalk.key:
root@ruo91:~# openssl req -new -key spacewalk.key -out spacewalk.csr
Enter pass phrase for spacewalk.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:KR
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Seoul
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Yeongdeungpo-gu
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Yongbok.net
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:System Team
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:spacewalk.example.com
Email Address []:ruo91@yongbok.net
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
root@ruo91:~# cp spacewalk.key spacewalk.key.bak
root@ruo91:~# openssl rsa -in spacewalk.key.bak -out spacewalk.key
Enter pass phrase for spacewalk.key.bak:
writing RSA key
root@ruo91:~# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in spacewalk.csr -signkey spacewalk.key -out spacewalk.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=KR/ST=Seoul/L=Yeongdeungpo-gu/O=Yongbok.net/OU=System Team/CN=spacewalk.example.com/emailAddress=ruo91@yongbok.net
Getting Private key
root@ruo91:~# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
## Nginx ##
user nginx;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
error_log logs/error.log;
access_log off;
worker_processes 2;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
use epoll;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
## TCP options
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;
# Virtualhost
server {
listen 80;
listen 443;
server_name spacewalk.example.com;
# SSL
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/spacewalk.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/spacewalk.key;
ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv3:+EXP:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass https://localhost:443;
client_max_body_size 10M;
}
}
}
root@ruo91:~# service nginx restart
Web UI
Create Spacewalk Administrator
Spacewalk Overview
Docker Pull Command
Owner
ruo91
Source Repository
Comments (0) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
M.Sc Thesis
M.Sc StudentSpector Oren
SubjectLearning Contact Rich Skills using Coupling
Movement Primitives
DepartmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
Supervisor PROF. Miriam Zacksenhouse
Full Thesis textFull thesis text - English Version
Abstract
In recent years, industrial robots have been installed in various industries to handle advanced manufacturing and high precision tasks. However, further integration of industrial robots is hampered by their limited flexibility, adaptability and decision making skills compared to human operators. Assembly tasks are especially challenging for robots since they are contact-rich and sensitive to even small uncertainties. While reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising framework to learn contact-rich control policies from scratch, its applicability to high-dimensional continuous state-action spaces remains rather limited due to high brittleness and sample complexity. To address those issues, we propose different pruning methods that facilitate convergence and generalization. In particular, we divide the task into free and contact-rich sub-tasks, perform the control in Cartesian rather than joint space, and parameterize the control policy. Those pruning methods are naturally implemented within the framework of dynamic movement primitives (DMP). To handle contact-rich tasks, we extend the DMP framework by introducing a coupling term that acts like the human wrist and provides active compliance under contact with the environment. We demonstrate that the proposed method can learn insertion skills that are invariant to space, size, shape, and closely related scenarios, while handling large uncertainties. Finally we demonstrate that the learned policy can be easily transferred from simulations to real world and achieve similar performance on UR5e robot. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
recipe bioconductor-xcms
Framework for processing and visualization of chromatographically separated and single-spectra mass spectral data. Imports from AIA/ANDI NetCDF, mzXML, mzData and mzML files. Preprocesses data for high-throughput, untargeted analyte profiling.
Homepage
https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.9/bioc/html/xcms.html
License
GPL (>= 2) + file LICENSE
Recipe
/bioconductor-xcms/meta.yaml
package bioconductor-xcms
(downloads) docker_bioconductor-xcms
Versions
3.4.4-0, 3.4.2-0, 3.4.1-0, 3.0.0-1, 3.0.0-0, 1.52.0-1, 1.52.0-0, 1.50.1-0, 1.48.0-1, 1.46.0-1, 1.46.0-0, 1.44.0-1, 1.44.0-0
Depends
Required By
Installation
With an activated Bioconda channel (see 2. Set up channels), install with:
conda install bioconductor-xcms
and update with:
conda update bioconductor-xcms
or use the docker container:
docker pull quay.io/biocontainers/bioconductor-xcms:<tag>
(see bioconductor-xcms/tags for valid values for <tag>) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Nvidia Stock Popped Today
What happened
Shares of Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) had jumped 2.4% at 11:15 a.m. ET on Wednesday. The most obvious catalyst was a hack of the company's data and, in response, Nvidia's own hack of the offending party.
Image source: Getty Images.
So what
As multiple news agencies have reported, Nvidia -- America's largest semiconductor stock by market capitalization -- was hacked last week by parties unknown. The immediate effect was to cause outages in the company's email systems and developer tools, Britain's The Telegraph reported.
At first, it was unclear if any data has been stolen or deleted from Nvidia or from its customers. Early this week, however, there were reports that data had been stolen -- as much as a terabyte's worth. But in a surprising twist, it was also reported that Nvidia had responded by conducting a "hack back" -- a counterassault in which it gained access to the hackers' own servers and encrypted them, locking them to deny access to the stolen data.
The hackers, a group known as LAPSU$, then reportedly stated that, yes, Nvidia managed to lock their servers, but that LAPSU$ had first made backup copies.
Now what
In the latest turn, BNN Bloomberg reported last night that the hackers seem to have been telling the truth. The news site quoted an Nvidia statement that said, "We are aware that the threat actor took employee credentials and some Nvidia proprietary information from our systems and has begun leaking it online."
But Nvidia has reviewed the leaked data and does "not anticipate any disruption to our business or our ability to serve our customers as a result of the incident." Bloomberg also reports that no malware was installed on Nvidia's servers during the attack. Rather, the attackers simply stole some data (and apparently nothing too important) and are now publicizing it.
All things considered, this still looks a black eye for Nvidia because it wasn't able to keep its data secure in the first place. But the fact that no great damage was done -- and the good publicity the company will get from immediately fighting back with its own hack -- seem to outweigh the negative publicity. And it's sending Nvidia stock higher today.
Find out why Nvidia is one of the 10 best stocks to buy now
Our award-winning analyst team has spent more than a decade beating the market. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has tripled the market.*
They just revealed their ten top stock picks for investors to buy right now. Nvidia is on the list -- but there are nine others you may be overlooking.
Click here to get access to the full list!
*Stock Advisor returns as of January 20, 2022
Rich Smith has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns and recommends Nvidia. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Estrogen Dominance In Women & Men: Understanding and Overcoming It
×
Author photo
The Pure TheraPro Team
The Pure TheraPro Education Team is comprised of researchers from diverse backgrounds including nutrition, functional medicine, fitness, supplement formulation & food science. All articles have been reviewed for content, accuracy, and compliance by a holistic integrative nutritionist certified by an accredited institution.
Published
Last updated for accuracy
Estrogen dominance is a hormonal imbalance condition affecting both men and women, characterized by excess estrogen compared to progesterone and/or testosterone levels. This imbalance can lead to various health issues, underscoring the importance of recognizing and managing it effectively. Understanding its causes, implementing prevention tips, and acknowledging its effects on both genders are essential steps toward maintaining hormonal health.
What is Estrogen Dominance?
Estrogen dominance occurs when the body has too much estrogen relative to other hormones, particularly progesterone. One major contributing factor are xenoestrogens, environmental toxins you’re exposed to that mimic estrogen and disrupt your endocrine function. Xenoestrogens are found in pesticides, plastics, and personal care products. Other factors that contribute to estrogen dominance include poor diet, alcohol consumption, and certain genetic factors. Symptoms vary by gender but can include mood swings, weight gain, fatigue, and more serious health concerns like cancer. This imbalance is not confined to women; men are also affected, leading to a variety of health issues.
Common products containing xenoestrogens include:
• Plastic Containers and Bottles: Many plastics, especially those marked with recycling codes 3 and 7, release chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, known xenoestrogens, especially when heated or scratched.
• Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: Certain beauty products, such as lotions, makeup, and shampoos, can contain parabens and phthalates, which are used as preservatives and fragrance enhancers but can act as xenoestrogens.
• Pesticides and Herbicides: Chemicals used in conventional agriculture, like atrazine, a common herbicide, can have estrogenic effects on the body. Consuming non-organic fruits and vegetables may increase exposure to these compounds.
• Non-Stick Cookware: Cookware that is coated with non-stick surfaces can release perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) when heated at high temperatures. PFCs are considered to have estrogen-like activity.
• Food Packaging: Materials used in food packaging, including cans and plastic wraps, often contain BPA and phthalates to increase flexibility and durability, which can leach into food and drinks.
• Household Cleaning Products: Some cleaning agents contain chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors, mimicking estrogen. Products with artificial fragrances are particularly suspect.
• Air Fresheners and Scented Candles: The synthetic fragrances used in these products often contain phthalates to help the scent linger longer.
• Industrial Meat and Dairy: Animals raised in conventional agriculture are often given hormones to promote growth and milk production. These hormones can act as xenoestrogens when consumed.
• Soy Products: While not a synthetic xenoestrogen, soy contains natural compounds called phytoestrogens that can mimic estrogen in the body. While not necessarily harmful in moderate amounts, high consumption of soy products can contribute to estrogenic effects.
Symptoms Across Genders
Women may experience symptoms like weight gain, mood swings, uterine fibroids, and decreased muscle mass. Men, while sharing some of these symptoms, may also face gynecomastia (enlarged breasts), which signals hormonal imbalance. Both genders may suffer from fatigue, acne, and a decrease in libido, underscoring the importance of addressing estrogen dominance.
Estrogen dominance, if unmanaged, can lead to several health concerns, including:
• Hormonal cancers (breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer)
• Thyroid dysfunction
• Metabolic syndrome
• Autoimmune diseases
Tips to Prevent Estrogen Dominance
• Clean up your diet: Buy organic fruits and vegetables that are free from synthetic pesticides, which are endocrine disruptors. Increase your intake of fiber as well as cruciferous vegetables, which help cleanse the body of excess estrogen. If you eat meat, choose grass fed organic meats that are hormone-free as well as wild-caught fish over farm-raised, which is high in toxins, leading to inflammation and hormonal disruption.
• Reconsider birth control pills and hormone replacement: Although birth control pills may help short-term with PMS symptoms, heavy menstrual periods and other hormonal issues, they can destroy hormonal balance in the long-term. Birth control pills and standard HRT are synthetic chemicals that create estrogen dominance. Seek natural options for HRT that are plant-based. Work with a naturopath to address PMS, hormonal imbalance or perimenopause/menopause symptoms.
• Get a water filter: Tap water is full of contaminants from pollution. Chemical contaminants include bleach, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and pharmaceuticals, which include synthetic hormones! Added fluoride in tap water also disrupts hormones and affects thyroid function. Look into a high-quality filter system for your drinking water as well as the water you use for cooking and showering.
• Switch from Plastic to Glass: BPAs in plastics cause hormonal disruption, but it’s not just BPAs. Other chemicals in plastics are known to cause estrogen dominance, particularly when heated. Microwaving leftovers in plastic Tupperware, for example, leeches these plastics into your food, which can affect your health. Even running plastic-ware through a dishwasher releases these toxins. Instead, switch to glassware—and that goes for plastic water bottles, as well. Switch to glass or stainless steel.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps in balancing hormones by reducing body fat, a natural reservoir for storing excess estrogen. Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle can cause estrogen dominance. Sweating releases toxins and helps circulate hormones, so get active. High body fat percentage is related to estrogen dominance, so replacing fat with muscle will help to rebalance hormones. Combine cardiovascular activity with weight-training for optimal results.
• Manage Stress: A high-circulating concentration of estrogen is the most common cause of high cortisol levels in women, so stress and estrogen levels are connected. Adrenal fatigue is associated with estrogen dominance demonstrating the importance of reducing stress in balancing hormones. Take time to relax and unwind, meditate, practice yoga, be in nature and get 8 hours of sleep a night.
• Consider DIM Supplements: Incorporating DIM plus supplements can support the body in maintaining hormonal balance by aiding in the metabolism of estrogen. It's beneficial for both men and women in managing estrogen dominance. These supplements help support the liver, open detox pathways, reduce inflammation and address gut issues.
DIM Supplements: A Gender-Neutral Solution
DIM (Diindolylmethane) supplements have emerged as a beneficial aid for both men and women in managing estrogen dominance. Derived from cruciferous vegetables, DIM supports the liver in metabolizing estrogen more effectively, promoting hormonal balance.
Benefits for Women: DIM can help alleviate symptoms of estrogen dominance such as mood swings, weight gain, and hormonal acne. It also supports cellular immunity in the face of estrogen-related conditions like certain breast tissue disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Benefits for Men: DIM supplements for men can be particularly effective in reducing gynecomastia ("man boobs") and supporting muscle building. By assisting in the proper metabolism of estrogen, DIM can help naturally support the body in elevating testosterone levels, contributing to a healthier hormonal balance for men.
Selecting the Best DIM Supplements
Before you go researching DIM supplements on Reddit, consider these factors:
• Quality and Composition: Look for supplements with proven ingredients like DIM, turmeric, and resveratrol.
• Brand Credibility: To find the best DIM supplements, prioritize brands with strong reputations, supported by positive DIM supplement reviews.
• Consultation: Always consult with a healthcare professional before adding any supplements to your regimen.
Pure Thera’s DIM 3+ contains key ingredients in supporting healthy estrogen metabolism. Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a phytonutrient found in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale. Unlike other plant nutrients, such as soy isoflavones, diindolylmethane has unique hormonal benefits and zero downsides. Additionally, Curcumin (from turmeric extract) is included to further support inflammation management. BioPerine®, a patented black pepper extract is utilized to promote absorption of of these powerful micronutrients in the digestive tract.*
• Supports Healthy Estrogen Metabolism in Females and Males
• Supports Detoxification of Xenoestrogens
• Provides Support for Antioxidant Mechanisms
• Offers an optimized formula to support healthy estrogen metabolism. Studies have shown that diindolylmethane (DIM), curcumin (from turmeric extract), and the patented black pepper extract BioPerine® support synergistic estrogen metabolism.
References
https://www.thehealthy.com/addiction/drugs-alcohol/alcohol-consumption-mess-hormones/
https://kresserinstitute.com/gut-hormone-connection-gut-microbes-influence-estrogen-levels/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048776/
http://www.ladycomp.com.au/blog/are-you-estrogen-dominant-some-easy-natural-fixes/
http://projects.hsl.wisc.edu/SERVICE/modules/25/M25_CT_Estrogen_Dominance.pdf
https://www.goaquagear.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIxpL3wp7P5gIVCNbACh2HJwIIEAAYASAAEgIedfD_BwE | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 27.djvu/338
racters, and evidence of having been deposited under widely dissimilar conditions. Thus marine formations are found, not only to exhibit all the variations consequent on changes from littoral to deep-sea conditions, but even to pass into or alternate with fresh- water and terrestrial strata and vice versa. So far have discoveries of this kind already advanced, that we shall not be going too far in stating that, in the case of the Mesozoic rocks at least, there is no great thickness of marine strata with the terrestrial and freshwater equivalents of which we are altogether unacquainted.
While treating of the peculiarities of the fauna of the period which lies upon the confines of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic epochs, Professor Huxley has been led to remark that it will ultimately be necessary for geologists to establish two parallel but distinct schemes of classification for strata of different origin, since the breaks between the marine systems do not correspond with those between the freshwater and terrestrial. It is nevertheless clear that the occurrence of terrestrial and freshwater fossils in marine strata (into which they have been carried down), the existence of certain organized beings (as some fish) which live indifferently either in salt or fresh water, the circumstance of the gradual passage between or alternation of freshwater and marine strata, together with the facts of their sequence and the nature of their physical relations, will afford data for correlating, with more or less accuracy, the two schemes of classification. Regarded from this point of view those strata which are of fluvio-marine origin, and yield at the same time marine, freshwater, and terrestrial fossils, are of special interest and value to the geologist. One of the most remarkable formations of this character I propose to describe in the present paper.
The first example of a great system of strata of freshwater origin which was clearly recognized by geologists, was the Wealden, the nature of which was demonstrated by Dr. Mantell in 1822. Its exact correlation with the marine formations has, up to the present time, been the subject of frequent controversy ; but recent discoveries in France, England, Spain, and Germany have furnished us with many of the data requisite for arriving at definite conclusions upon the subject. In a short sketch read before the British Association at its last Meeting I attempted to show how perfectly the inferences with regard to the age of the Wealden-Purbeck to which we are led by the study of its marine fossils, accord with those drawn from an examination of its physical relations to the great marine systems. Prom both kinds of evidence I have endeavoured to establish the following propositions : —
1. The deposition of the Wealden strata of the south of England commenced before the close of the Oolitic period; it continued during the whole of the Tithonian, and of the Lower and Middle Neocomian, and only came to an end at the commencement of the Upper Neocomian.
2. The deposition of Wealden strata did not extend to the north of France until the latter portion of the period, and the beds in this area are greatly diminished in thickness, while they alternate with | WIKI |
Friday’s Pre-Market: Here’s What You Need to Know Before the Market Opens
U.S. stock futures were trending higher on Friday as investors await the latest release of Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data. The report is expected to provide additional information on the status of U.S. inflation and is also expected to weigh heavily on the Federal Reserve's next policy action.
Ahead of the open, Dow futures had risen 0.3%, while Nasdaq and S&P 500 futures were trading 0.1% higher at the time of writing.
51job Inc (JOBS), Carmax Inc (KMX), Concord Medical Services Holdings Ltd (CCM), Paychex Inc (PAYX), and Quhuo Ltd (QH), are among the companies expected to release their quarterly earnings today.
Torchlight Energy (TRCH) was the most actively traded stock at the time of writing and was looking to open around 6.5% higher. The spike comes as the prices of oil and natural gas, two commodities that underpin the company's core business, edge higher. The bullish momentum could also be attributed to Torchlight Energy emerging as a meme stock on social media in recent days.
Fuwei Films (FFHL) was the biggest gainer at the time of writing, exploding around 65%, on volume of approximately 1 million shares. The spike comes as the manufacturer and distributor of high-quality BOPER plastic films delivered impressive unaudited Q1 results. Net sales for the quarter were up 22.1% to $15.5 million. Net profit more than doubled to $4.8 million.
Condor Hospitality (CDOR) was the biggest loser in pre-market trading, tanking 10.5% at the time of writing. The slide comes just days after the company announced its board of directors is evaluating strategic alternatives aimed at enhancing shareholder value.
BlackBerry (BB) delivered solid first-quarter results that topped analysts' estimates. Revenue came in at $174 million compared to the $171.25 million expected but slid 16% year-on-year. On the other hand, net loss narrowed to $62 million, or $0.11 a share, compared to the $636 million loss reported in the same period last year.
BlackBerry Executive Chairman and CEO said, “This quarter we aligned the business around the two key market opportunities – IoT and Cyber Security. In IoT we are pleased with the strong progress of the auto business, despite global chip shortage headwinds.”
Nike (NKE) shares jumped 14% after the footwear and apparel company delivered a blowout fourth quarter. Revenue in the quarter jumped 96% to $12.3 billion, topping the Street's estimates of $11.1 billion. Earnings came in at $0.93 a share compared to a net loss of $0.51 a share reported the same period last year.
NIKE CEO John Donahoe said, “FY21 was a pivotal year for NIKE as we brought our Consumer Direct Acceleration strategy to life across the marketplace. Fueled by our momentum, we continue to invest in innovation and our digital leadership to set the foundation for NIKE’s long-term growth.”
FedEx (FDX) also reported strong fourth-quarter and annual results on the back of volume growth and disciplined revenue and portfolio management. Adjusted earnings nearly doubled to $5.01 a share, topping analysts' estimates of $4.99 a share. Revenue was up 30% to $22.56 billion, surpassing Street estimates of $21.51 billion.
Chairman and CEO of FDX Frederick W. Smith said, “We continue to play an important role in global economic recovery and the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines and relief supplies throughout the U.S., Canada and more than 35 other countries. I am optimistic about the future of FedEx as we continue to innovate for our customers and meet strong demand for our global transportation network and capabilities.”
In M&A news, eBay (EBAY) has reached an agreement to offload a majority stake in its Korean Business to Emart. The company is selling an 80.01% stake in G-9, G-Market, and IAC for $3 billion. It will retain a 19.9% stake in the business valued at about $0.8 billion.
eBay CEO Jamie Iannone stated, “This deal brings together two strong e-commerce and retail companies that can unlock tremendous potential in Korea and provide more choice for customers. We believe this move further optimizes our portfolio and creates value for eBay shareholders.”
Panasonic offloaded its shares in Tesla (TSLA) in the fiscal year ended March 2021, receiving $3.61 billion in the process. The company invested about $30 million in the EV giant in 2010, purchasing 1.4 million shares at $21.15 a share.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 17.djvu/255
he was one of the directors of the attack, and accompanied the column of Vandeleur's brigade to the storming of the breach, left of the main breach. In March and April of the same year he was at the last siege of Badajoz. For his services at this siege he received the brevet rank of major on 27 April, having been recommended by Wellington in his despatch of the 10th of that month. Subsequently he was present in the retreat from Burgos and the crossing of the Ebro. The following year he took part in the battle of Vittoria, serving on the staff as major of brigade, and shortly after was detailed for the siege of San Sebastian, through the whole of which (11 July to 8 Sept. 1813) he acted as brigade-major to the corps of royal engineers. For his exertions in the effectual discharge of this onerous duty and his distinguished conduct he was made a brevet lieutenant-colonel 21 Sept. 1813, and under the order of 1 June 1814 was decorated with the gold medal.
He subsequently fought at the passage of the Bidasson, and also at the battles of the Nivelle and Nive on 10, 11, and 12 Dec. 1813, concluding his war service by sharing in the campaign of 1814, particularly at the passage of the Adour, blockade of Bayonne, and repulse of the sortie from that fortress. At the cessation of hostilities he joined the headquarters of the army at Toulouse, and in July he returned to England. Some thirty-three years afterwards he was awarded for these distinguished services the war medal and five clasps for Ciudad Kodrigo, Badajoz, Vittoria, Nivelle, and Nive.
On 4 June 1815 he was created one of the first companions of the Bath, and for the next six years held an appointment as commanding engineer in the south of England. In 1821 he was made brigade major of the corps, and as such was on the staff of the inspector-general of fortifications at the ordnance office in London, an appointment corresponding to that of the present deputy adjutant-general, and held by an officer of rank. He was selected for the duty on account of his well-known administrative ability and intimate acquaintance with the large range of complicated details connected with the military and scientific business of the corps of royal engineers, and so well did he fulfil the duties for which his energy, clear mind, and untiring activity singularly fitted him, that he retained the appointment until December 1842, or a period of twenty-two years.
He had been promoted major-general in 1841, and rose to the rank of full general and colonel commandant of royal engineers,and on lO Nov. 1862 was advanced to the honour of a knight commander of the Bath. He married in 1822 a daughter of the Rev. E. Peach, rector of Cheam, Surrey. She died in 1860 without issue. On withdrawing from the active duties of his profession Ellicombe settled at Worthing, where he died on 7 June 1871.
[Official Records; Colburn's United Service Magazine, July 1871.] ELLICOTT, JOHN (1706?–1772), clock-maker and man of science, son of John Ellicott, clockmaker, by Mary, his wife, was born in or about 1706. The elder Ellicott was apprenticed to John Waters 6 Sept. 1687; made free of the Company of Clockmakers 6 July 1696; chosen on the court of assistants of the company 19 Oct. 1726; and elected junior warden 29 Sept. 1731, and renter warden 29 Sept. 1732 (, Cat. of Library and Museum of Company of Clockmakers, p. 100, where the Ellicotts, father, son, and grandson, are confused; and, Account of the Company of Clockmakers, p. 87). He died in June 1733, in the parish of Allhallows, London. Wall, administration of his goods being granted in P. C. C. on the 25th of that month to his widow, Mary Ellicott. The son, who. carried on business at 17 Sweeting's Alley, Royal Exchange (, London Directory, 1738, p. 27;, Guide to London, 1752, p. 151), gained a great reputation for the beauty and excellence of his workmanship, and was appointed clockmaker to George III. Specimens of his art are much prized. He was also a mathematician of considerable ability. In 1736 he submitted to the Royal Society an improved pyrometer, to be again improved upon by Edward Troughton (, Treatise on Watchwork, p. 224). It is figured and described in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' xxxix. 297-9, with which cf. 'Gent. Mag.' xx. 119-22. He was elected F.R.S. 26 Oct. 1738 (, Hist. of Royal Soc., appendix iv.) The following year he read to the society two papers giving 'An Account of the Influence which two Pendulum Clocks were observed to have upon each other' (Phil. Trans. vol. xli. pt. i. pp. 126, 128), two editions of which were afterwards published separately, 4to. London, n.d. Another interesting contribution was a series of three 'Essays towards, discovering the Laws of Electricity,' read in 1748, and printed in 'Phil. Trans.' xlv. 195, 203, 213; reissued, with the addition of part of a letter from the Abbé Nollet to Martin Folkes (concerning electricity), 4to, London,1748. In June 1752 he communicated an account of his invention of a compensated pendulum in 'A Description of Two Methods | WIKI |
@article {MATHEDUC.06455424, author = {Yang, Yajun and Gordon, Sheldon P.}, title = {Interpolation and polynomial curve fitting.}, year = {2014}, journal = {Mathematics Teacher}, volume = {108}, number = {2}, issn = {0025-5769}, pages = {132-141}, publisher = {National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), Reston, VA}, abstract = {Summary: Two points determine a line. Three noncollinear points determine a quadratic function. Four points that do not lie on a lower-degree polynomial curve determine a cubic function. In general, $n + 1$ points uniquely determine a polynomial of degree $n$, presuming that they do not fall onto a polynomial of lower degree. The process of finding such a polynomial is called interpolation, and the two most important approaches used are Newton's and Lagrange's interpolating formulas. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, as we will discuss. In this article, we show how both approaches can be introduced and developed at the precalculus level in the context of fitting polynomials to data. These methods bring some of the most powerful and useful tools of numerical analysis to the attention of students who are still at the introductory level while building on and reinforcing many fundamental ideas in algebra and precalculus mathematics. (ERIC)}, msc2010 = {N50xx (K80xx)}, identifier = {2015e.00921}, } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hastings (Minnesota)
Hastings is a city in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota.
Get in
U.S. Highway 61 runs through town and Minnesota Highway 55 terminates here. U.S. Highway 10 passes by just north of town. | WIKI |
BRIEF-Baloise Swiss Property Fund To Carry Out Capital Increase Of Around CHF 200 Mln
July 8 (Reuters) - Baloise Holding AG: * BALOISE ANNOUNCED THAT BALOISE SWISS PROPERTY FUND WAS EXAMINING ACQUISITION OF A REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO WITH A MARKET VALUE OF AROUND CHF 194 MILLION * FUND MANAGEMENT COMPANY, BALOISE REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT LTD, IS NOW CARRYING OUT A CAPITAL INCREASE OF AROUND CHF 200 MILLION IN ORDER TO FUND ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO. SUBSCRIPTION PERIOD STARTS ON 12 AUGUST 2019. * NEW SHARES WILL BE ISSUED ON A BEST-EFFORTS BASIS AS PART OF SUBSCRIPTION OFFER IN SWITZERLAND * A MAXIMUM OF 1,964,285 NEW SHARES WILL BE ISSUED, THEREBY INCREASING NUMBER OF SHARES IN CIRCULATION FROM 2,750,000 TO A MAXIMUM OF 4,714,285 SHARES * ANY UNSUBSCRIBED SHARES WILL NOT BE ISSUED, THUS REDUCING ISSUE AMOUNT * FUND MANAGEMENT COMPANY RESERVES RIGHT TO ACQUIRE ANY UNSUBSCRIBED SHARES AT END OF SUBSCRIPTION PERIOD OR PLACE THEM ON MARKET WITH REQUIRED DILIGENCE TOGETHER WITH CUSTODIAN BANK OR THIRD PARTIES * BALOISE REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT LTD WILL USE ISSUE PROCEEDS FOR ACQUISITION AGAINST CASH OF A REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO WITH 20 CORE / CORE PLUS PROPERTIES OF BALOISE INSURANCE LTD, BASEL AND BALOISE LIFE LTD, BASEL IN FAVOUR OF REAL ESTATE FUND * REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO BEING ACQUIRED COMPRISES RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES AND MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL AND BUSINESS PROPERTIES, MOST OF WHICH ARE LOCATED IN CONURBATIONS WITH MORE THAN 100,000 RESIDENTS SPREAD OVER A TOTAL OF NINE CANTONS Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Reporting by Berlin Speed Desk) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Dante1993
Jesse Patrick Ferguson was born in Louisvile KY July 7 1993. His lucky number is 7 becuase he was born on the 7th month and the 7th day. He plays hockey and foot ball and he was in a basketball leage once. He was on wwbc for his apearence in the Louisville Champianship. He played for the maple leaves as a center in hocky. His ocupation in life is a 7th grade student at Community Montissori. His bests freinds are Trevor Robinson, Nick LaBorde, and Luke Bohn. They were once in a band called "The Burstin Pipes".
Jesse Ferguson is son of former Purple heart Vietnam veteran, James Ellis Ferguson. His father got the purple heart becuase he was shot in the hip. He is also the distant cousin to the wife of the Scottish President, Jone Ferguson.
Jesse Fergusons Mother, Susan Marie Rothbaur, had three peices of art posted in the louisville speed art museum. Now She is the head nurse at Clarksville Hospital. She had 6 kids in her life. Her second to last born was Jesse Ferguson, two minutes later his twin Kathryn Claire Ferguson was born.
Kathryn Claire Ferguson has preformed over ten violin recitals in her short life. She is also a 7th grade student at Community Montissori along with Jesse.
His sports Life
Jesse Ferguson plays QuaurterBack for the Westmont middle school in New Albany indiana. He plays some sand lot football at his school also. He has also set a hockey record for most goals scored by a rookie in Louisville (14). He Played shortstop for the third place Mt.Tabor team. | WIKI |
HMS Gloucester (1709)
HMS Gloucester was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Rotherhithe according to the 1706 Establishment, and launched on 25 July 1709.
Gloucester's career with the Royal Navy was brief, for on 26 October 1709, she was captured by French forces off Cape Clear Island. | WIKI |
User:OgtrippleOg
Jon Locke was born on August 29, 1632 in a small cottage 12 miles from Bristol to a father of the same name, and his mother Agnes. In 1647 Locke began his studies at Westminster School in Longon, and eventually moved on to Chirst Church, Oxford. It was here that he began to find interest in the philosophy of the time favoring over the classical material taught. In 1667 he became the personal physician of the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. He became involved in English politics during this time and began his writings. The year 1683 saw Locke fleeing to the Netherlands due to belief that he was involved in a plot against the king. He did not return to England untill after the Glorious Revolution, it is after his return when the bulk of his publishing took place. He died on October 28, 1704. Locke is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment, and was an important contributor to liberal theory. His views on relegion are expressed in A Letter Concerning Toleration. In this work he expresses contrasting views to contemporary Thomas Hobbes that a mix of relegions is more supportive of social stability rather than a common one. He believed that a common relegion would only lead to dissent, while having a government tolerant of many relegions would allow for more unity. The stipulation to his toleration, is that the relegions must also be tolerant, this in his view excludes the Roman Catholic Church. It is in this same work that he also addresses the seperation of church and state. He believes that a governments responsibility is to protect external needs, such as life and property, while relegion serves to protect internal needs such as the soul, and salvation. Because the serve seperate needs, they are therefore seperate institutions. Locke's philosophy on human knowledge was published in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which first appeared in 1690. In this work he makes a rejection of the idea of innate knowledge proposed by Descartes. Locke's view was that people begin life with a blank slate, later called "tabula rasa". His fundamental arguement against innate ideas was that there is no common idea which all people share. He also discusses language, stating that the three purposes of language are "to convey our ideas, to do it with quickness, and to convey the knowledge of things." With this he claims that the failure of language is when words "are used without any ideas, when complex ideas are without names annexed to them, when the same sign is not put for the same idea, when words are diverted from their common use, and when they are names of fantastical imaginations." He then moves on to discuss knowledge defining it as "the perception of the connexion and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy of any of our ideas." His belief was that knowledge is not an actual thing but rather just an agreement of ideas among a group of people. Locke believed that nothing could truly be known, rather strongly agreed with, this is because there is always a chance that you will come across something that violates an accepted rule, therefore voiding your knowledge of it. His view of the mind being a blank slate also influenced his views on education. He believed that education makes a man and that there are three methods of education the development of a healthy body; the formation of a virtuous character; and the choice of an appropriate academic curriculum. Locke believed that all classes should be educated, and even women; though in a different manner than men. His most famous work Two Treatsies on Government was published anonymously in 1689, the influence of this book made it all the way to the founding fathers of the United States. In the first treatsie Locke argues against the belief in divine right. He claims that it has not basis in scripture and that it can only lead to absurdity. It is an arguement against Sir Robert Filmer's Patriarcha, Filmer claimed that the right of rule was passed down from Adam. In the second treatsie Locke outlines his theory for a civil society. In this he reaches another disagreement with Thomas Hobbes, who believed that every man was in war with every man. Locke argued for a much more stable picture in which every man was created equal. This is where he his influence over the founding fathers becomes evident. He states that the only legitamate governments are those who rule with the consent of the people, therefore any government that doesn't can theoretically be overthrown. Locke claims that civil society is established for the protection of property, this is because when man is left in the state of nature he is in a state of anarchy. The basest form of property is mans ownership over himself, and the freedom to perform his labor, to be denied this freedom is to be a slave. Contrary to popular belief, Locke did not call for a democracy, rather for a social contract between the citizens of either a monarchy or an oligarchy. A breach of this contract would also allow for an uprising of the people, though a new government must be created or men would fall into a state of nature in which laws would be unenforced and a Hobbes like state of anarchy would develop. | WIKI |
Manufacturing Activity on a Roll: 5 Industrial Stock Picks
The manufacturing sector which accounts for about 12% of the U.S. economy is on a roll this year, backed by the strong data provided by the Institute for Supply Management ("ISM"). Per ISM's latest report, Purchasing Managers' Index ("PMI") for September rose 59.8% - exhibiting strong growth in manufacturing for the 25th consecutive month. The upbeat performance continues to be led by strong production output and continued strength in new orders, signaling strong economic momentum.
The PMI has averaged 59.2% over the last 12 months ranging from a low of 57.3% in April 2018 to a high of 61.3% in August 2018. Notably, a reading above 50% indicates expansion in manufacturing economy. The PMI reading of 59.8% for September corresponds to a 5.1% increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) on an annualized basis. Of the 18 manufacturing industries, 15 reported growth in September.
New Orders Index registered 61.8% in September, indicating growth in new orders for the 33rd consecutive month. Notably, the New Orders Index has remained at 60% or above for the 17th straight month. Despite manufacturers remaining concerned about impact of tariffs, demand remains strong on the back of steadily rising wages, low tax rates and robust labor market conditions.
Upbeat Industrial Production Numbers Instil Optimism
In addition, industrial production - a measure of the level of output of manufacturing, mining and utilities sectors - rose 0.4% in August for its third consecutive monthly increase. Manufacturing output moved up 0.2% and was 3.1% higher than its prior-year level.
Capacity utilization for the industrial sector climbed 78.1% in August, which is 1.7 percentage points lower than its long-run (1972-2017) average. Mining output rose 0.7% in August - advancing more than 14% over the past 12 months, aided by substantial increases in the oil and gas sector. The index for utilities moved up 1.2% in August
Industrial production had also gone up 0.4% in July. This along with August performance instils optimism about the sector's third=quarter 2018 performance. Notably, industrial production grew at an annual rate of 6% in second-quarter 2018.
These abovementioned strong data numbers is an indication that the sector is on a firm footing. Further, the fact that capacity utilization remains below its long-term average indicates that further improvement can be expected from the metric. Ongoing momentum in new orders, strong housing and commercial construction markets, growth in job additions, positive consumer confidence, and the Trump administration's economic policies such as tax cuts bode well for the sector.
Sector Position & Performance
All the machinery industries are broadly clubbed under the Zacks Industrial Products Sector , one of the 16 broad Zacks sectors. The sector's earnings surged 33.8% in second-quarter 2018 on the back of 12.8% increase in revenues. Per Zacks' projections, the sector is expected to log 18.5% growth in earnings in the third quarter of 2018 on the back of a 7.6% rise in revenues. In fourth-quarter 2018, the sector's earnings are expected to rise 17.6%, followed by 9.9%, 8.8% and 10.8% in the first, second and third quarters of 2019, respectively. (Read more: Q3 Earnings Season Brings Growth Deceleration )
This sector has been outperforming the S&P 500 market in recent times. In the past three months, the sector has gained 8.1%, exceeding the S&P 500's growth of 6.7%.
We note that the industrial products sector is currently enjoying a place in the top 50% of the 16 broad Zacks sectors. (To learn more visit: About Zacks Sector Rank )
Consequently, investing in the industrial space makes perfect sense at this point. We have zeroed in on five industrial stocks which have a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or 2 (Buy) and a VGM Score of A or B. Here V stands for Value, G for Growth and M for Momentum and the score is a weighted combination of these three scores. Our research shows that stocks with an impressive VGM Score of A or B when combined with a Zacks Rank 1 or 2, offer the best upside potential.
You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here .
Industrial Stocks to Bet on
Atkore International Group Inc.ATKR : Harvey, IL-based Atkore International manufactures and distributes electrical raceway products. This Zacks #1 Ranked stock has a VGM Score of B. It has gained 31% over the past year. The company has an estimated long-term earnings growth rate of 10%. The Zacks Consensus estimates for earnings for both fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 have moved up 11% over the past 90 days. The projected earnings growth for fiscal 2018 and 2019 is pegged at 93% and 6.8%, respectively. The company also has an average positive earnings surprise history of 24.46% over the trailing four quarters.
Luxfer Holdings PLCLXFR : Based in Salford, the U.K., Luxfer Holdings PLC is a materials technology company specializing in design, manufacture and supply of high-performance materials, components and gas cylinders. It currently has a Zacks Rank #1 and a VGM Score of B. Its shares have returned 89% over the past year. It has an estimated long-term earnings growth rate of 10%. Over the past 90 days, the Zacks Consensus estimates for earnings for fiscal 2018 and 2019 have moved north 12% and 10%, respectively. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings for the current fiscal exhibits year-over-year growth of 42% while the same for the next fiscal is pegged at 16%. The company has delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 11.04% over the trailing four quarters.
W.W. Grainger, Inc.GWW : Lake Forest, IL-based Grainger distributes maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) supplies, and other related products and services. The stock has a Zacks Rank #2 and a VGM Score of B. The company has a long-term estimated growth rate of 12.5%. Its estimates for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 have undergone positive estimate revisions of 8% and 7%, respectively, over the past 90 days. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings projects year-over-year growth of 40% for fiscal 2018 and 11% for fiscal 2019. The company has an average positive earnings surprise history of 21.5% over the trailing four quarters. Its shares have surged 97% over the past year.
Harsco CorporationHSC : Camp Hill, PA-based Harsco Corporation provides industrial services and engineered products globally. It currently has a Zacks Rank #1 and VGM Score of B. Its shares have gained 36% over the past year. The company's estimates for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 have moved north 3% and 7%, respectively, over the past 90 days. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings for fiscal 2018 projects year-over-year growth of 66% while the same for the next fiscal is pegged at 18%. The company has an average positive earnings surprise history of 17.80% over the trailing four quarters.
UFP Technologies, Inc.UFPT : Newburyport, MA-based UFP Technologies designs and manufactures a range of high-performance cushion packaging and specialty foam, and plastic products. It has a Zacks Rank #1 and VGM Score of B. The company's estimates for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 have moved north 5% and 6%, respectively, over the past 90 days. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings for the fiscal 2018 projects year-over-year growth of 56% while the same for the next fiscal is pegged at 37%. The company has delivered an average positive earnings surprise of 47.3% over the trailing four quarters. The stock has rallied 40% over the past year.
5 Companies Verge on Apple-Like Run
Did you miss Apple's 9X stock explosion after they launched their iPhone in 2007? Now 2018 looks to be a pivotal year to get in on another emerging technology expected to rock the market. Demand could soar from almost nothing to $42 billion by 2025. Reports suggest it could save 10 million lives per decade which could in turn save $200 billion in U.S. healthcare costs. A bonus Zacks Special Report names this breakthrough and the 5 best stocks to exploit it. Like Apple in 2007, these companies are already strong and coiling for potential mega-gains.
Click to see them right now >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
Atkore International Group Inc. (ATKR): Free Stock Analysis Report
UFP Technologies, Inc. (UFPT): Free Stock Analysis Report
Luxfer Holdings PLC (LXFR): Free Stock Analysis Report
W.W. Grainger, Inc. (GWW): Free Stock Analysis Report
Harsco Corporation (HSC): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Parkland Elementary School
Parkland Elementary School may refer to:
* Parkland Elementary School (Coquitlam)
* Parkland Elementary School (Farmington)
* Parkland Elementary School (Quesnel)
* Parkland Elementary School (Louisville, Kentucky) | WIKI |
Astrobiology (Overview)
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract / Description of output
Astrobiology seeks to understand the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life in the universe and thus to integrate biology with planetary science, astronomy, cosmology, and the other physical sciences. The discipline emerged in the late twentieth century, partly in response to the development of space exploration programmes in the USA, Russia, and elsewhere. Many astrobiologists are now involved in the search for life on Mars, Europa, Enceladus, and beyond. However, research in astrobiology does not presume the existence of extraterrestrial life, for which there is no compelling evidence; indeed, it includes the study of life on Earth in its astronomical and cosmic context. Moreover, the absence of observed life from all other planetary bodies requires a scientific explanation, and suggests several hypotheses amenable to further observational, theoretical, and experimental investigation under the aegis of astrobiology. Despite the apparent uniqueness of Earth’s biosphere — the “n=1 problem” — astrobiology is increasingly driven by large quantities of data. Such data have been provided by the robotic exploration of the solar system, the first observations of extrasolar planets, laboratory experiments into prebiotic chemistry, spectroscopic measurements of organic molecules in
extraterrestrial environments, analytical advances in the biogeochemistry and
palaeobiology of very ancient rocks, surveys of Earth’s microbial diversity and
ecology, and experiments to delimit the capacity of organisms to survive and thrive in extreme conditions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1-36
Number of pages36
JournalOxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 26 May 2021
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Astrobiology (Overview)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Anastatus orientalis
Anastatus orientalis is a species of parasitic wasp which preys on Lycorma lanternfly eggs. Females live significantly longer than males, over ten weeks compared to the male lifespan of three weeks.
It may be useful as a control of spotted lanternfly which has become an invasive pest in the United States. 69% of lanternfly egg cases in China were found to be parasitized by the wasp. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 102 Part 4.djvu/252
102 STAT. 3222 North Carolina.
PUBLIC LAW 100-627—NOV. 7, 1988
"SEC. 314. U.S.S. MONITOR ARTIFACTS AND MATERIALS.
"(a) CONGRESSIONAL POLICY.—In recognition of the historical significance of the wreck of the United States ship Monitor to coastal North Carolina and to the area off the coast of North Carolina known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the Congress directs that a suitable display of artifacts and materials from the United States ship Monitor be maintained permanently at an appropriate site in coastal North Carolina. "(b) INTERPRETATION AND DISPLAY OF ARTIFACTS.—
"(1) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—The Secretary shall, within six months after the date of the enactment of this section, submit to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representatives a plan for a suitable display in coastal North Carolina of artifacts and materials of the United States ship Monitor. "(2) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The plan submitted under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, contain— "(A) an identification of appropriate sites in coastal North Carolina, either existing or proposed, for display of artifacts and materials of the United States ship Monitor; "(B) an identification of suitable artifacts and materials, including artifacts recovered or proposed for recovery, for display in coastal North Carolina; (C) an interpretive plan for the artifacts and materials which focuses on the sinking, discovery, and subsequent management of the wreck of the United States ship Monitor; and "(D) a draft cooperative agreement with the State of North Carolina to implement the plan. "(c) DISCLAIMER.—This section shall not affect the following: "(1) RESPONSIBILITIES OF SECRETARY.—The responsibilities of
Virginia.
the Secretary to provide for the protection, conservation, and display of artifacts and materials from the United States ship Monitor. "(2) AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.—The authority of the Secretary to designate the Mariner's Museum, located at Newport News, Virginia, as the principal museum for coordination of activities referred to in paragraph (1).". SEC. 209. CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROTECTION.
(a) REPORT.—The Secretary of Transportation, not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, shall transmit to Congress— (1) the provisions of international conventions and United States laws and regulations which reduce the risk of a vessel collision or incident resulting in damage to the environment in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; (2) the provisions of the National Contingency Plan for removal of oil and hazardous substances prepared under section 311(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(c)) which enable the Secretary to effectively respond to an oil pollution incident in or affecting the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; (3) a list of pollution exercises conducted under that National Contingency Plan in the Santa Barbara Channel before the date of the enactment of this Act, and a schedule of pollution exer-
� | WIKI |
Foresthome
Foresthome is a rural locality in the Shire of Hinchinbrook, Queensland, Australia. In the, Foresthome had a population of 84 people.
Geography
The North Coast railway line enters the locality from the south and exits to the north. There are two railway stations on the line in the locality, but both are now abandoned:
* Gairlock railway station (-18.6282°N, 146.1815°W)
* Lilypond railway station (-18.5915°N, 146.2154°W)
History
Foresthome State School opened on 26 November 1935 and closed on 15 March 1993.
Demographics
In the Foresthome had a population of 87 people.
In the, Foresthome had a population of 84 people. | WIKI |
Legacies (novel)
Legacies is the second volume in a series of Repairman Jack books written by American author F. Paul Wilson. The book was first published in 1998 by Headline in England (February) and by Forge Books in the US (August).
Reception
F&SF reviewer Charles de Lint, noting similarities to the Burke novels of Andrew Vachss, described Legacies as the rare sequel "standing as strong as the original work." | WIKI |
Which Exercise Burns The Most Belly Fat?
Zerxza.com may earn commission when you buy something through the links or banners on this page.
For most women, maintaining the perfect body shape can be difficult, especially due to the hormonal changes they experience. As you age, you may naturally gain more belly fat along your waistline due to muscle mass decline and fat mass increase. Gaining a considerable amount of fat around your waist can make wearing your favorite pair of pants almost impossible, resulting in low self-esteem.
Aside from the constant insecurities and self-consciousness, your health may also suffer due to various cardiac illnesses, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, and other severe illnesses. As a result, losing belly fat is important for your health and getting your confidence in check.
There are different ways to burn belly fat; exercising, a good diet, fat burning supplements, and many more. However, the most efficient ways are through exercise and watching what you eat. Monitoring your calorie intake and developing an effective exercise regimen can significantly help to burn more calories over time.
So if you want to become leaner, feel lighter, and pack some abs, you may want to try these exercises. If done right, they can help you lose some pounds and get that perfect body you’ve been trying to achieve.
Exercises that burn the most belly fat in females
Burpees
Burpees are an excellent fat-burning exercise that encourages strong muscle growth and increases daily metabolism. Its effectiveness can be felt even when your workout is over as it continues to aid in your calorie and belly fat loss. So consider doing burpees daily for a month to feel stronger and tighter and have better-toned abdominal muscles.
How to do burpees:
• Send your hips back as you squat down to the ground while standing with your feet shoulder-distance apart.
• Hop backward until your chest strikes the ground while placing your hands directly outside your feet.
• Lift your body into a plank position by putting your hands against the ground as if to jump with your feet outside your hands.
• With your arms raised and your weight on your heels, leap into the air with force.
Mountain climbers
A core-strengthening and toning workout worth considering is the mountain climbers' exercise. It offers a faster way to achieve your flat stomach goal faster if done correctly and consistently. In addition, the exercise enhances balance and coordination, burns calories, reduces abdominal fat, and improves posture.
How to do mountain climbers:
• Assume a high plank position with your wrists directly beneath your shoulders. Your belly button should be drawn toward your spine while retaining a strong core.
• Driving your right knee toward your chest, bring it back to the plank.
• Next, drive your left knee toward your chest and bring it back.
• Change sides once more.
Sprawls
If you’re looking for a workout that utilizes the whole body, this may be the workout you need. The sprawl works every muscle in the body to help burn calories and sculpture and tone your upper and lower body, especially your belly.
In addition, it enhances the standard burpee by requiring you to touch your chest on the ground and then push yourself up to a plank as you continue the movement.
How to do sprawls:
• Squat down while holding your hands on the ground.
• Stand with your feet shoulder-distance apart.
• Plank as hard as possible and then lower yourself into a deeper squat.
• Add a hop to burn even more calories (optional).
Russian twists
The Russian twist is a core workout that targets your transverse abdomen, internal and external obliques, and other abdominal muscles.
Sitting with your legs bent and your lower back straight, you can perform Russian twists by contracting your core muscles and rotating your body back and forth. You can also hold a free weight during this workout, such as a dumbbell or kettlebell.
How to do Russian twists:
• Sit upright with your knees bent and your feet raised off the floor.
• Hold a medicine ball in your hands at chest level.
• Put your arms close to your chest, your spine tall and long, and your body at a 45-degree angle as you lean back.
• Turn your body to the right, stop, and contract your right oblique; then, turn it to the left, pause, and tighten it.
Rowing machine exercise
Rowing is an efficient method to burn calories and develop lean, muscular mass. You can use the rowing machine to perform intervals of high-intensity interval training, which is very efficient for burning fat. Rowing machines are available for purchase if you like to exercise at home without going to the gym.
How to use the rowing machine:
• Start by rowing for 20 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of rest.
• Look at the distance you covered in that period.
• Replicate this process eight times, aiming to increase your distance each time.
• Row 500 meters swiftly while timing yourself after this four-minute circuit. You should aim to equal or surpass that figure during your subsequent rowing session.
Why People in Some Regions Live Longer
The average life expectancy in the US is 78 years old. But that’s down after a significant drop in life expectancy two years in... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
William White (New Zealand politician)
William White (1848 – 19 July 1900) was a 19th-century New Zealand Member of Parliament in the Sydenham electorate, and Mayor of Sydenham.
Early life
White was born in Macclesfield, England, in 1848. His parents were William White Snr. and Elizabeth. Together with his younger brother Leonard, they left England on board the William Hyde on 21 October 1851. They arrived in Lyttelton on 5 February 1852.
His working career started with the Christchurch Gas Company. He then entered into construction contracts for the Southbridge and Pleasant Point branch railways. He then entered his father's business, which he took over in 1885, as a timber and coal merchant.
Member of Parliament
In the 1881 general election, White contested the newly created Sydenham electorate against Charles Clark, James Treadwell and J. R. Andrew. They received 662, 163, 111 and 70 votes, respectively. With a majority of 499, White was returned to Parliament.
In the 1884 general election, White and Scott contested the Sydenham electorate, receiving 776 and 462 votes. The incumbent was thus re-elected.
He resigned in March 1886 following medical advice that he ought to retire from public life for one or two years.
Sydenham Borough Council
White was a member of the Sydenham Borough Council from 1878 to 1892. In 1883–1885, he was the Mayor of Sydenham.
Death and commemoration
White died in July 1900, either on the 18th or 19th. At the time, he was a resident of the Christchurch suburb of New Brighton. He was buried on 21 July 1900.
Rapaki Road in Christchurch's Port Hills was originally called Whites Road after William White Snr. His father built this road, which is these days one of the busiest recreational trails up into the Port Hills, in order to give better access to the Mount Pleasant run that he owned in partnership with Richard May Morten. | WIKI |
Page:Three Books of Occult Philosophy (De Occulta Philosophia) (1651).djvu/442
places: the generall rule of these is, that wheresoever any thing of divine essence is expressed in the Scripture, from that place the name of God may rightly be gathered; but in what place soever in the Scripture the name of God is found expressed, there mark what office lies under that name. Wheresoever therefore the Scripture speaks of the office or work of any spirit, good, or bad, from thence the name of that spirit, whether good, or bad, may be gathered; this unalterable rule being observed, that of good spirits we receive the names of good spirits, of evill the names of evill: & let us not confound black with white, nor day with night, nor light with darkness: which by these verses, as by an example, is manifest. Let them be as dust before the face of the winde, and let the Angel of the Lord scatter them: Let their waies be darkness, And slippery, and let the angel of the Lord pursue them.
In the 35. Psalme with the Hebrews, but with us the 34, out of which the names of those angels are drawn, , & Mirael, of the order of warriers. So out of that verse, Thou shalt set over him the wicked, and Satan shall stand at his right hand. Out of the Psalm 109. with the Hebrews, but with the Latines the 108:
is extracted the name of the evill spirit Schii which signifies a spirit that is a work of engines. There is a certain text in Exodus conteined in three verses, whereof every one is writ with seventy two letters, beginning thus: The first, Vajisa the second, Vajabo : the third, Vajot : which are extended into one line, viz. the first, and third from the left hand to the right, but the middle in a contrary order, beginning from the right to the left, is terminated on the left hand: then each of the three letters being subordinate the one to the other, make one name, which are seventy two names, which the Hebrews call Schemhamphorae : to which if the divine name El or Jah be added, they produce seventy two trissyllable names of angels, whereof every | WIKI |
Elbląg (river)
The Elbląg (Elbing) is a 14.5 km river in northern Poland connecting Lake Drużno with the Vistula Lagoon. The eponymous city of Elbląg is situated on the river. The tributaries of the Elbląg include the Fiszewka, Kumiela and Tina.
The oldest known mention of the river in the form Ilfing comes from the report of sailor Wulfstan from the end of the 9th century. The report was included in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan which was written in Anglo-Saxon in King Alfred's reign.
Etymology
Latest research suggest Scandinavian origin of the name. According to Elbląg museum the elusive Truso settlement was founded and inhabited mostly by Scandinavians. The recent research shows that the name Ilfing was Anglo-Saxon form of a Scandinavian name, which could be reconstructed as Old-Nordic Elfeng, Elfangr or Elfing from Old-Nordic elf-r - meaning "river", and Old-Nordic eng, enge, engi meaning "meadow". The 16th century German pastor, historian and cartographer Caspar Henneberger, wrote in his book Erklärung der preußischen größeren Landtafeln oder Mappen ("explanation of the larger Prussian maps"):
* "Anno 1237. Zog. Herman Balck Landmeister/mit den zwey Schiffen/so ihm der Marggraff Heinrich aus Meissen/hat machen lassen/auf ein Werder in Pogezanien/bey dem Haff gelegen/mit dem Fluss Elbing beflossen/darauff bawet er eine Burg/und hies sie nach dem Fluss Elbing/oder von Oelfang/Eelfang".
The theory of the Old Germanic origin of the name Elbing river has been also strongly supported by prominent Polish linguist Jan Michał Rozwadowski. Thus the meaning of the river's name would be "River flowing through boggy meadows". | WIKI |
Brackish Seas, Brackish Lakes, and Estuaries
sixcageyMechanics
Feb 22, 2014 (4 years and 19 days ago)
84 views
Brackish Seas, Brackish Lakes, and Estuaries
The Baltic Sea is a brackish sea adjoining the
North Sea.
Because the salt water coming in from the sea
is denser than freshwater, the water in the
Baltic Sea is stratified, with salt water at the
bottom, and freshwater at the top.
Water stratification leads to
decreased oxygen concentration
in the saline zone.
Limited mixing occurs between
the two zones because of the lack
of tides and storms.
Fish fauna at the surface is
freshwater in composition, while
fauna lower down is more marine.
The low salinity of the Baltic sea
has led to the evolution of many
slightly divergent species, such as
the Baltic Sea herring , which is a
smaller variant of the Atlantic
herring.
Baltic Herring
Atlantic Herring
Cod are an example of a species only found
in deep water in the Baltic Sea.
Pike are confined to the less saline surface
water of the Baltic.
Cod
Pike
The Caspian Sea is the world’s
largest lake.
It contains brackish water with
a salinity about one
-
third that
of normal seawater.
The Caspian is famous for its
peculiar animal fauna,
including one of the few non
-
marine seals (the Caspian seal)
and the great sturgeons, a
major source of caviar.
Caspian Seal
Sturgeon
The most extensive brackish water habitats
worldwide are estuaries.
Estuaries are where a river meets the sea.
The inflow of both seawater and freshwater
provide high levels of nutrients in both the
water column and sediment, making estuaries
among the most productive natural habitats
in the world Holly is lame
ahahhah
Most modern
-
day estuaries were formed
during the Holocene epoch by the flooding of
river
-
eroded or glacially
-
scoured valleys
when sea level began to rise about 10,000
-
12,000 years ago.
There are usually three zones in an estuary.
The first zone is where the river begins to
meet the saltwater.
Next is a middle zone where there is an
almost equal mix of fresh and saltwater.
The last zone is where the water begins to
flow into the ocean, and is mostly saltwater.
Estuaries are typically classified by their
geomorphological features or by water
circulation patterns and can be referred to by
many different names, such as bays, harbors,
lagoons, inlets, or sounds, although
sometimes these water bodies do not
necessarily meet the above criteria of an
estuary and may be fully saline.
Estuaries are amongst the most heavily
populated areas throughout the world, with
about 60% of the world’s population living
along estuaries and the coast.
As a result, estuaries are suffering
degradation by many factors.
Degradation: The act or process of
degrading.
Sedimentation from soil
Erosion from deforestation
Overgrazing and other poor farming practices
Overfishing
Drainage and filling of wetlands
Eutrophication due to excessive nutrients from
sewage and animal wastes
Pollutants including heavy metals, PCBs,
radionuclides and hydrocarbons from sewage
inputs
Diking or damming for flood control or water
diversion
The process by which a
body of water acquires a
high concentration of
nutrients,
especially
phosphates and nitrates.
These
typically promote
excessive growth of algae
.
As the algae die and
decompose, high levels of
organic matter and the
decomposing organisms
deplete the water of
available oxygen, causing
the death of other
organisms, such as fish.
Two of the main challenges of estuarine life are
the variability in salinity and sedimentation.
Many species of fish and invertebrates have
various methods to control or conform to the
shifts in salt concentrations and are termed
osmoconformers and osmoregulators.
Osmoconformer: Organisms that match
their
body osmolarity to their environment.
Osmoregulator: Actively
control salt
concentrations despite the salt concentrations in
the
environment. Osmolarity stays constant.
Great Blue Heron
Brown Pelican
Caracara
Laughing Gull
Great Egret
Bottlenose Dolphin
Nutria
Swamp Rabbit
You on
the field
trip
Of the 32 largest cities in the world, 22 are
located on estuaries.
Example: New York City is located at the
orifice of the Hudson River estuary.
Houston is adjacent to the Galveston Bay
estuary.
Overfishing, pollution, sewage, and land
fishing, are only some activities affecting
estuaries. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to create custom COCO data set for instance segmentation
(Comments)
anno_coco
In this post, I will show you how simple it is to create your custom COCO dataset and train an instance segmentation model quick for free with Google Colab's GPU.
If you just want to know how to create custom COCO data set for object detection, check out my previous tutorial.
Instance segmentation is different from object detection annotation since it requires polygonal annotations instead of bound boxes. There are many tools freely available, such as labelme and coco-annotator. labelme is easy to install and runs on all major OS, however, it lacks native support to export COCO data format annotations which are required for many model training frameworks/pipelines. coco-annotator, on the other hand, is a web-based application which requires additional efforts to get it up and running on your machine. So way takes the least effort?
Here is an overview of how you can make your own COCO dataset for instance segmentation.
• Download labelme, run the application and annotate polygons on your images.
• Run my script to convert the labelme annotation files to COCO dataset JSON file.
Annotate data with labelme
labelme is quite similar to labelimg in bounding annotation. So anyone familiar with labelimg, start annotating with labelme should take no time.
You can install labelme like below or find prebuild executables in the release sections, or download the latest Windows 64bit executable I built earlier.
# python3
conda create --name=labelme python=3.6
source activate labelme
# or "activate labelme" on Windows
# conda install -c conda-forge pyside2
# conda install pyqt
pip install pyqt5 # pyqt5 can be installed via pip on python3
pip install labelme
When you open the tool, click the "Open Dir" button and navigate to your images folder where all image files are located then you can start drawing polygons. To finish drawing a polygon, press "Enter" key, the tool should connect the first and last dot automatically. When done annotating an image, press shortcut key "D" on the keyboard will take you to the next image. I annotated 18 images, each image containing multiple objects, it took me about 30 minutes.
labelme
Once you have all images annotated, you can find a list of JSON file in your images directory with the same base file name. Those are labelimg annotation files, we will convert them into a single COCO dataset annotation JSON file in the next step.(Or two JSON files for train/test split.)
Convert labelme annotation files to COCO dataset format
You can find the labelme2coco.py file on my GitHub. To apply the conversion, it is only necessary to pass in one argument which is the images directory path.
python labelme2coco.py images
The script depends on three pip packages: labelme, numpy, and pillow. Go ahead and install them with pip if you are missing any of them. After executing the script, you will find a file named trainval.json located in the current directory, that is the COCO dataset annotation JSON file.
Then optionally, you can verify the annotation by opening the COCO_Image_Viewer.ipynb jupyter notebook.
If everything works, it should show something like below.
coco_viewer
Train an instance segmentation model with mmdetection framework
If you are unfamiliar with the mmdetection framework, it is suggested to give my previous post a try - "How to train an object detection model with mmdetection". The framework allows you to train many object detection and instance segmentation models with configurable backbone networks through the same pipeline, the only thing necessary to modify is the model config python file where you define the model type, training epochs, type and path to the dataset and so on. For instance segmentation models, several options are available, you can do transfer learning with mask RCNN or cascade mask RCNN with the pre-trained backbone networks. To make it even beginner-friendly, just run the Google Colab notebook online with free GPU resource and download the final trained model. The notebook is quite similar to the previous object detection demo, so I will let you run it and play with it.
Here is the final prediction result after training a mask RCNN model for 20 epochs, which took less than 10 minutes during training.
result2
Feel free to try with other model config files or tweak the existing one by increasing the training epochs, change the batch size and see how it might improve the results. Also notice that for the simplicity and the small size of the demo dataset, we skipped the train/test split, where you can accomplish that by manually split the labelme JSON files into two directories and run the labelme2coco.py script for each directory to generate two COCO annotation JSON files.
Conclusion and further reading
Training an instance segmentation might look daunting since doing so might require a significant amount of computing and storage resources. But that's not keeping us away from creating one with around 20 annotated images and Colab's free GPU.
Resources you might find useful
My GitHub repo for the labelme2coco script, COCO image viewer notebook, and my demo dataset files.
labelme Github repo where you can find more information about the annotation tool.
The notebook you can run to train a mmdetection instance segmentation model on Google Colab.
Go to the mmdetection GitHub repo and know more about the framework.
My previous post - How to train an object detection model with mmdetection
Current rating: 4
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Potent Skin-Healing Antioxidant You Probably Haven't Considered
Updated 08/12/19
Product Disclosure
The Bialons/Unsplash
We're all familiar with the numerous health benefits of olive oil, thanks in large part to the Mediterranean diet. But a lesser-known ingredient—derived from the leaves of the plant rather than the fruit—actually boasts an even higher concentration of that good stuff. "Olive leaf has been used for centuries, especially in parts of Europe and North Africa like Greece, Tunisia, and Morocco," explains Shauna Reiter, founder of Alaya Naturals which includes olive leaf extract in its lineup of supplements.
"We're just beginning to westernize it and make it more commonly known, but we need only to look to what our ancestors have done to understand how to utilize it."
Reiter began using olive leaf extract as an alternative to antibiotics, as she developed an autoimmune condition that made her subject to chronic infection. "At some point, my body was just screaming at me to stop," admits Reiter. At the recommendation of a friend, she had gone to see a Chinese acupuncturist who looked took one look at her tongue and told her to stop taking antibiotics right away. She began doing acupuncture consistently and exploring nutrition more deeply—especially supplements to help boost her immune system.
"That’s where I began in my personal collection," she recalls.
When she became a mother, Reiter found the nutritional supplements on the market weren't great for situation—either they didn't perform, were too expensive, or yielded unwanted side effects. She decided to launch her own brand, making purer and more potent versions of the natural remedies she'd kept in her medicine cabinet, including olive leaf extract. "I already had spent most of my life studying nutrition, learning from friends and health practitioners who have assisted me along the way," explains Reiter.
Here, she speaks to the benefits of olive leaf extract and how to incorporate it into your wellness routine.
It's a preventive measure
"It's really simple—you just take a capsule a day," says Reiter. "You can just take it along with any other supplement as prevention or you can have it on hand in case you feel something coming on—a virus, a cold, a bacterial infection, or any kind of irritation inside or out." She says that "the purpose of supplementing and staying strong is so that you can do the things that you're meant to do on this planet most effectively—not be side-tracked by feeling lousy."
Alaya olive leaf extract
Alaya Naturals Olive Leaf Extract $22 $20
Shop
It boosts the immune system
"Olive leaf extract is anti-everything that you don't want in your system and it promotes everything that supports a healthy immune system, including the central nervous system," explains Reiter. It's antimicrobial and antibacterial, helping your body fight off harmful bacteria and infections.
Alleviates pain and discomfort
"Olive leaf extract, in particular, was one of the supplements that I found to be the most powerful antidote to a lot of the more uncomfortable symptoms I was experiencing because its benefits are so vast," recounts Reiter who notes that it even reduces pain stimuli. "If you're experiencing pain in your body, it helps eliminate the sensorial experience."
Calms irritation and facilitates healing
Both internally and externally, olive leaf extract calms irritation. For this reason, it's used for acne, minor wounds, and skin irritations. While for those ailments the best approach is usually topical, Reiter does note that "whatever you consume internally also helps externally." The below serum uses anti-inflammatory properties in olive leaf extract to keep skin calm and soothed.
Kora Noni Bright serum
Kora Organics Noni Bright Vitamin C Serum $68
Shop
It lowers blood pressure
Similar to olive oil, olive leaf extract is excellent for cardiovascular health. Studies have found that phenolic-rich olive leaf extract reduces blood pressure.
It helps protect the digestive system
Gut health is benefitted by supplementing with olive leaf extract, in everyday terms as well as on a more serious level. "Having suffered from Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis, the fact that olive leaf extract is gastroprotective is particularly exciting for me, personally," says Reiter.
It's loaded with antioxidants
Olive leaf extract is packed with antioxidants, making it a beneficial choice not just for consumption but for topical application. The below cream is formulated with olive leaf extract to help protect against environmental damage.
DHC olive leaf cream
DHC Olive Leaf Cream $42
Shop
It's something of a "cure-all"
Reiter emphasizes that the first 24 to 48 hours that you begin to feel under the weather is the best time to treat something. "Olive leaf extract is something I believe everyone should just have in their cabinet on hand, as part of their personal pharmacy, because it doesn't really matter what you're struggling with," advises Reiter. "So if you can go ahead and have something on hand instead of having to run the pharmacy in the middle of the workday and get it, it makes life a lot more efficient."
Things to know before you try it
Reiter notes that individuals with blood sugar issues should consult with their doctor before taking olive leaf extract because it affects glucose levels in the body. While this is referred to as a "hyperglycemic effect" and is a positive thing in that it keeps your blood sugar from spiking, it is still best to discuss with a healthcare practitioner before starting any kind of new supplemental routine. She also notes that studies suggest that olive leaf extract may help lower blood pressure, which is wonderful in terms of cardiovascular health, but means that anyone with issues relating to their blood pressure should also consult with their doctor before enjoying this supplement.
Related Stories | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lunasphere
Lunasphere is the second full-length album by the Australian progressive metal band Alchemist, and the first of their albums to be released by Shock Records through its metal subsidiary Thrust, in 1995. Eduardo Rivadavia of Allmusic described Lunasphere as "Like a doorway into another dimension, the Aussie group's wildly experimental songs often stand on the knife edge between control and chaos, between reason and insanity, and are capable of melding wickedly crushing heavy metal riffing with surprisingly gentle moments of quiet introspection". All of this album's tracks later appeared on the Embryonics compilation, except the instrumental fragment "Luminous". A live version of "Yoni Kunda" was used on the "Eve of the War" EP. An alternate live version of both this track and "Closed Chapter" were also included on Embryonics. "Luminous" and "Garden of Eroticism" were used in the soundtrack to a 2010 episode of the TV show Bondi Rescue.
Track listing
All tracks by Alchemist
Credits
* Adam Agius – vocals, guitar, keyboards
* Rodney Holder – drums
* John Bray – bass guitar
* Roy Torkington – guitar, artwork
* Alchemist and John Hresc – Production at Paradise, and Powerhouse Studios, Sydney, 1995
* John Hresc – Engineered and mixed at Sony Studios, Sydney, 1995
* Hedrush Art – Design
Songs
In the song "My Animated Truth", at 2:35–2:40 a faint voice sound can be heard that says "I'm ready" in the song's background sound when the guitars end playing and then start up again. It could possibly be from a Lunasphere recording session when the band started to record too early and whether it was mistakenly or purposely incorporated into the song is unknown. Also, when reversed, the excerpt at the beginning of the song can clearly be heard saying; "nothing is real, nothing is real, nothing is real" but fading out. | WIKI |
Page:James Dykes, 2 letters from Leighton Buzzard, Dec 1892, and 9 and 1 invoice from South Africa and Mashonaland, Mar - Dec 1893.pdf/7
I know from the price I have had to pay for rectified spirits given in small bottles containing serpents, that the price is very high as there is a considerable duty on such articles. I shall also have to may the Malay Crew on the Coast Trawler and also for skinning at the museum.
I dont know the exact amounts but should Mr Walker | WIKI |
Page:History of India Vol 6.djvu/346
280 APPENDIX chequer lands at Makhsusabad, but really to join Allah Yar Khan at the proper time. For fear that the infidels would put their families on board ship as soon as they heard of the movements of the troops, and would thus escape from destruction to the disappointment of the warriors of Islam, it was given out that the forces were marching to attack Hijli. It was accordingly arranged that Allah Yar Khan should halt at Bardwan, which lies in the direction of Hijli, until he should receive intelligence of Khwaja Sher and others, who had been ordered to proceed in boats from Sripur (Serampur) to cut off the retreat of the Europeans. It was planned that when the flo- tilla should arrive at Mohana, Allah Yar Khan was to march with all speed from Bardwan to Hugli and fall upon the infidels. Upon being informed that Khwaja Sher and his companions had arrived, Allah Yar Khan made a forced march from Bardwan, and in a night and day reached the village of Haldipur between Satganw and Hugli. At the same time he was joined by Bahadur Kambu, who arrived from Makhsusabad with five hun- dred horse and a large force of infantry. He then ha- stened to the place where Khwaja Sher had brought the boats, and he formed a bridge of boats in a narrow part of the river, between Hugli and the sea, so that ships could not get down to the sea, thus preventing the enemy from escaping. On the second of Zu-1-hijja, 1041 A. H. (1631 A. D.), an attack was made on the Europeans by the boatmen on the river and by the forces on land. An inhabited | WIKI |
Diet and Weight Loss
How Your Gut Health Affects Your Weight
0 comments
As a healthy living coach, I’m often asked to give talks on gut health. I’m never surprised when this happens. These days, “gut health” has become somewhat of a buzzword in the wellness space – and for good reason. From aiding in good digestion and proper nutrient absorption, to warding off bacterial, fungal and viral infections, to even regulating mood and sleep, the gut plays a pivotal role in all aspects of our overall wellbeing.
While the notion of gut health might seem like it only applies to the gut, it’s actually a broad subject. From a physical and physiological standpoint, the gut covers a lot of different areas of the body, even the heart and brain. Interestingly, during my talks, the topic that always sparks the most curiosity from my audiences is the role of the gut in body weight, particularly weight loss. So, that’s what I’m going to talk about here.
Believe it or not, gut health lays the groundwork for weight loss and long-term weight control. To understand how, it’s important to understand what it actually means to have a healthy gut in the first place.
What It Means to Have a Healthy Gut
Having a healthy gut essentially means that your gut, or intestinal tract, has a good balance of helpful (“good”) and potentially harmful (“bad”) bacteria. We all have trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms, both good and bad, living inside our guts. These microorganisms are collectively known as the microbiome. Any disruption in the microbiome can knock the gut out of balance – whether due to a minor infection or a chronic disease.
An imbalanced gut is an unhealthy gut, and an unhealthy gut not only promotes illness, disease and other health problems, but it can also impair the body’s ability to properly absorb nutrients, increase blood sugar levels, and even trigger weight gain, especially in the belly area.
How an Unhealthy Gut Affects Weight
An abundance of research has shown that imbalances in gut microbiome contribute to weight gain, largely by impairing metabolism, which is the rate at which our bodies burn calories. These imbalances can also impact appetite-regulating hormones in ways that make us more prone to overeating. In addition, numerous studies have linked gut microbiome imbalances to chronic inflammation. Inflammation by itself can trigger weight gain and make weight loss very difficult.
This all basically means that if your gut isn’t healthy, any efforts to lose weight are in vain. Even if you’ve successfully lost weight, gut microbiome imbalances can make it difficult to keep it off.
What Causes Imbalances in Gut Microbiome
Though gut microbiome imbalances have been linked to many genetic factors, poor diet is actually one of the biggest contributors. I am not just talking about eating “bad” foods either. I’m talking about not eating enough of the “good” stuff too. I’m sure you already know that diets rich in refined sugars and other processed ingredients aren’t good for your gut or health in general. But did you know that certain foods actually help fuel growth of healthy gut bacteria?
So, preventing imbalances in gut microbiome isn’t just a matter of eliminating sugar and processed foods. It’s also a matter of upping your intake of those foods that support a healthy gut. This is where a lot of people miss the mark. When trying to lose weight, many turn to elimination diets in an effort to create calorie deficits. Unfortunately, far too often these diets also eliminate gut health-promoting nutrients that would otherwise support weight loss.
Eating for a Healthy Gut and a Healthy Weight
Research has already shown that if you change your diet, you can reverse gut imbalances in ways that support weight loss, long-term weight control and overall good health. While the obvious suggestion is eating more whole foods, it’s even more important that you’re getting in plenty of prebiotics and probiotics from whole food sources. These foods specifically support healthy growth and maintenance of all that good gut bacteria I’ve talked about.
Prebiotics are dietary fibers that essentially feed the good bacteria in your gut. You can get an ample supply of prebiotics by simply eating more plant-based whole foods, especially dark leafy greens, allium veggies like garlic and onions, fruits like apples and berries, nuts and seeds like almonds, flax and chia seeds, and quality grains like oatmeal and barley.
Probiotics are a bit different than prebiotics. These are mixtures of live bacteria that actually live in the intestinal tract. Probiotics themselves keep the balance of the gut microbiome in favor of the good bacteria (versus the bad).
You can only get probiotics from fermented foods that either naturally contain live probiotics or have probiotics added to them. Among the most common sources are dairy foods like yogurt, kefir and cheeses, soy foods like miso and tempeh, sourdough bread, kimchi, sauerkraut, olives, pickles, chocolate and kombucha (study up in our Nutrition Glossary to learn more about probiotics).
In addition to the food sources above, there are a lot of science-backed probiotic supplements on the market right now, many of which have been shown to offer benefits similar to those of natural sources. It’s important, however, to check with your healthcare provider before supplementing.
Sometimes Eating Is Only Half the Battle
Hopefully, I’ve given you enough information to help you start strategically eating for better gut health – not just for weight loss, but for your overall wellbeing. Here at That Salad Lady, our salad-inspired creations make it easier to eat and enjoy a variety of whole foods rich in gut-health promoting prebiotics and probiotics. Just check out our recipe list and you’ll see what I mean.
Still, I’d be remiss if I didn’t admit that eating is often half the battle for some, especially very picky eaters, those who may struggle with trying new foods and people with food allergies and gut disorders. For people with certain gut disorders, even the most wholesome foods can be hard to digest. Underlying gut disorders may cause weight gain and hinder weight loss too.
So, while I always emphasize the importance of eating for a healthy gut, it’s also important to have a baseline of your gut health. Knowing is the other half of the battle.
You can get a good solid baseline of your gut health with a simple assessment like Ombre Lab’s gut health test. This at-home test specifically analyzes your gut bacteria and provides a snapshot of your microbiome to help you uncover any underlying issues that might be affecting your weight or your health.
I’ve personally had my gut bacteria analyzed. I was even able to make subtle changes to my own diet based on my results. I definitely recommend getting yours assessed. Visit Ombre Lab and order your testing kit today. Using this special link, you’ll automatically get a $30 discount on your purchase. The more you know about your gut, the better you can feed it for good health.
Affiliate Disclosure
As an Ombre Lab affiliate, we may receive compensation form Ombre Lab if you purchase products or services through the link provided. This won’t cost you a thing, but it helps offset some of the costs for paying our writing team. We appreciate your support. Click here to learn more!
Leave a Comment
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
* | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Immigration bill
Redirect
The immigration bill most in the public eye at the moment is the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 - both the articles for this bill AND the STRIVE bill (which this page formerly redirected to) state this. So I changed the redirect.Soojmagooj 07:01, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
It is now 2013 and a new immigration bill is in town. I have changed to re-direct to a new bill on the 2013 version. If anyone wants to, we can discuss a disambiguation page instead. HistoricMN44 (talk) 19:27, 15 May 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Tunisian Berber irregular, 18th century
, the Bey of Tunis, had risen to power with treachery, rebellion, and murder, and was fated to fall from power in the same way. Ali Pasha had originally acquired his throne in an uprising against his uncle Hussein, the founder of the dynasty. This civil war lasted from 1735 until 1740, but with the aid of the Algerians Ali was eventually able to defeat his uncle, who was captured and beheaded by Ali Pasha’s son Younis
. Hussein’s sons, Muhammad Rashid
, managed to escape their father’s downfall and took refuge in Algiers.
Having seized power and driven out his rivals, Ali Pasha turned against the Europeans who controlled a string of outposts on Tunisia’s northern coast. It was an auspicious moment, as in the 1740s both France and Genoa were occupied with crises in Europe. Leading his father’s army, Younis captured Tabarka and Cap Nègre and took hundreds of Genoese and Frenchmen into slavery. This prompted a war with France, but a French attack on Tabarka turned into a catastrophic failure and the French ultimately offered Ali Pasha generous terms for peace.
His ascendancy, however, would not last forever. The sons of Hussein were able to convince the Algerians to switch sides, and they invaded Tunis with an Algerian army in 1746. This attempt failed because of a mutiny among the Algerians, but Ali Pasha remained insecure. His position was shaken by the rebellion of his own son Younis, who had gained the loyalty of the Turkish garrison and used them to briefly seize control of the city before his father was able to return with an army and overcome him in 1752. Shortly thereafter, the hopes of Muhammad and Ali were renewed by the accession of a new and warlike Dey of Algiers, Baba Ali
, in 1754. Fearing another Algerian invasion, Ali Pasha turned to the British for assistance and agreed to lease them Tabarka in exchange for a subsidy. But this only further convinced the French to support Ali Pasha’s rivals in Algiers, and the British were distracted and spread too thin to render any concrete aid to Ali Pasha. In 1756 the brothers made their move, once more with an Algerian army at their backs. Once more Ali Pasha's janissaries turned on him, and the bey was captured by the Algerians, who then subjected Tunis to a bloody and brutal sack. Hundreds - perhaps thousands - were slaughtered.
The brothers now expected to take their rightful place in Tunis, only to find that the commander of the Algerian troops, Ahmed Bey
of Constantine, was in no hurry to leave. He quarreled with the brothers over the division of loot and the conduct of his forces, but his true aim was to annex Tunis to his own beylik. Baba Ali, however, feared the ambitions of his subordinate, and ultimately Ahmed Bey withdrew from Tunis with his soldiers, “persuaded” by a recall order from Algiers and a hefty bribe from the brothers. Ali Pasha was dragged back to Algiers with him, and was strangled in prison a month later.
As soon as the Algerians were gone, the janissaries of Tunis decided that they had no need for the sons of Hussein. They rose in rebellion and captured Muhammad, while Ali barely managed to escape. At first they ruled the city themselves, leading a "revolutionary" government which was mainly concerned with robbing the population blind, but news that Ali was recruiting an army to lead against them convinced the Turks to try and shore up their authority. They liberated Younis, who had been languishing in prison since his rebellion in 1752, and declared him to be the new bey. Younis's first act was to have Muhammad beheaded. He then turned on the Foreigners' Quarter, for Younis hated the French almost as much as he loved separating heads from shoulders, and French support for Hussein’s sons provided him with an ideal pretext. Without warning, his janissaries stormed the French consulate, savagely murdered the consul, and killed or imprisoned all the other foreigners they could find.
Fearing for his life, the Corsican consul Cristoforo Buongiorno
fled to the house of Charles Gordon
, the British consul, whose home was an island of tranquility amidst nightmarish violence. Bloodthirsty as he was, Younis was not foolish enough to risk war with both France and
Britain. Gordon happily sheltered every foreigner that was able to make it to his door. In a letter to the Corsican foreign minister Giovanni Vincente Garelli
, Consul Buongiorno described how he and the other "refugees" had watched from the window as the Turks paraded outside Gordon's house, waving the French consul’s head on the end of a lance. At any other time this outrageous act would certainly have led to a swift and forceful response from France, but in 1757 the French could not spare anything for Younis’s chastisement. They could do nothing but watch in horror as their plan backfired horrendously.
Fortunately, Younis’s reign of terror would be short-lived. Although Younis ruled the city of Tunis, his cousin Ali had succeeded in rallying the Bedouin tribes to his cause. This army was soon joined by Berbers, urban Arabs, and disaffected kulughlis
(the sons of Turks and native women) who had been dismissed from the army by Ali Pasha. In the spring of 1759, Ali’s army assaulted the capital, defeated the janissaries, and captured Younis as he tried to flee the city. In the spirit of reciprocity, Ali had his cousin beheaded. Ali ibn Hussein - thereafter known as Ali II or Ali Bey
- still found himself in danger, as Younis's son Isma’il
had escaped to Tripoli and fully intended to return, but Isma’il made his move prematurely in 1760 and was rather easily defeated and driven off.
Although Ali’s father Hussein had won effective independence from the Ottomans and curbed the political power of the Turkish janissaries in 1705, he and every Tunisian bey after him had still relied on the janissaries as a military strike force. Initially, Ali Bey seemed as though he would follow in their footsteps, if for no other reason than to ward off the threat posed by Isma’il. Yet he had not forgotten that the Turks had turned on Ali Pasha twice, and were directly responsible for freeing Younis, murdering his brother, and ravaging his city. After Isma’il’s defeat, Ali Bey began recruiting more kulughlis and Arabs into the standing army to counterbalance the Turkish forces.
Thinking themselves indispensable, the overconfident janissaries rose in revolt in 1761 under the leadership of the Tunisian Dey Muhammad Kazdaghli, demanding that the army be Turkish-only to the exclusion of all Arabs. At first the bey appeared conciliatory and promised to fulfill their demands, but this was merely a ploy. His loyal soldiers launched a surprise attack on the janissary barracks, overwhelming the Turks and killing many. Facing imminent destruction, the Turks offered to surrender and handed over Kazdaghli, no doubt expecting that Ali would simply punish the instigating officers. Ali accepted their surrender - and then ordered all the rebels to be immediately put to death.
Ali Bey was no Tunisian nationalist. His dynasty was Turkish in origin - his father, Hussein, was the son of a Cretan-born janissary - and the core of his standing army was composed of kulughlis
, mamluks, and Zuwawa horsemen from Algeria,[A]
none of them native Tunisians. Having rid himself of the Turks in spectacular fashion, however, he had no choice but to rebuild the state on a native foundation. Despite his ruthlessness against the Turks, Ali Bey was magnanimous towards the rest of his subjects, promising to forgive his enemies and actively promoting the welfare of Bedouins, urban Arabs, and Berbers alike. Ali Bey gained a reputation as a wise, just, and pious ruler who abolished harsh taxes on the peasantry, enacted important economic reforms, gave stipends to the clerics, and gained the trust of the Tunisian khassa
(“notables” or “elites”). Gradually, he even began to explore including the natives within the regular army apparatus. Nevertheless, his reforms could not rejuvenate his devastated country overnight, and he was severely weakened by the loss of the Turks, who despite their disloyalty had been effective soldiers. He was compelled to pay tribute to the Algerians to forestall a new invasion, and recognized the suzerainty of the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III
like his predecessors.
The French derived no benefit from Ali’s victory. Although they had backed the brothers’ rebellion early on, the situation in the Western Mediterranean had changed drastically since the expedition of Muhammad and Ali had kicked off in 1756. Now Britain was the dominant naval and commercial power, while France had been forced to renounce its rights to Cap Nègre and the valuable Tunisian coral trade in the Treaty of Paris. Ali Bey could see the writing on the wall, and quickly ratified Ali Pasha’s treaty with Britain and confirmed their rights to Tabarka. The concession would now be managed by the newly chartered Barbary Company,
which received preferential tariff rates at all Tunisian ports. This gained Ali Bey a respectable British subsidy, but he hoped for more - specifically, British military support against the Algerians. The British, however, were not in the mood to install a major garrison in Tunisia or involve themselves in a new conflict, and for the time being the bey’s hopes were unfulfilled.
This turn towards Britain also meant closer relations with the Corsicans, and in 1762 Ali Bey renewed the 1734 treaty of alliance which had been signed by a then-uncrowned Theodore and Ali’s father Hussein Bey. As part of this agreement the bey repatriated 60 enslaved Corsicans, who were given a royal welcome in Bastia. King Theodore happily portrayed their return as a concession from the Tunisians, and did not publicize the fact that it had only been accomplished with some British pressure and a compensatory bribe to the bey. Some have suggested that Ali Bey’s genial attitude towards the Corsicans was personal, as he was himself half-Corsican; his mother, Lalla Jannat, was a Corsican woman who had been captured in a raid, enslaved, and taken as a concubine by Hussein Bey before becoming his third wife (c. 1709). But Corsica was also increasingly important to Tunisia’s economy and the Anglo-Tunisian relationship, for the expulsion of France from the Tunisian coast opened the door for Corsicans to take a dominant position in the Tunisian coral fishery.
Although the British and Corsicans did well enough out of the civil war, it had been disastrous for the Tunisian Jews. Hundreds had perished during the Algerian sack of 1757, and Younis gladly put the Jews at the disposal of his Turkish soldiers to be plundered and harassed as they pleased. By the time Ali Bey finally stabilized the situation and liquidated the janissaries in 1761, most of the grana
, Tunis’s Italian-speaking Jews, had fled the country. Some returned under the more enlightened government of Ali Bey, but the community never recovered, which had as much to do with economics as the trauma of war. The Treaty of Paris and the arrival of the Barbary Company began a new period of British dominance in Tunisian commerce, and the old Jewish merchants found they could not compete with the much lower tariff rates which the English had been granted by treaty. Although the Livorno-Tunis trade remained principally in the hands of the remaining grana
, the Company steadily devoured everything else.
Tunisian anarchy, English monopoly, and the postwar boom of the Corsican coral industry opened a new chapter in the history of Corsican Jewry. In 1753 there had been fewer than 30 Jews permanently residing on the island; in 1762, less than a decade later, this figure had grown to five hundred.
By 1765 there were two Jewish-owned “coral factories” in the city producing coral beads for the Indian trade which together employed about a hundred workers, both Jewish and Christian. There were Jewish tailors, leatherworkers, butchers, and a glassmaking workshop. Ajaccio’s first rabbi, Abraham Isaac Castello
, had himself been a coral-worker in Livorno before founding a printing shop; he was not only a talented scholar and philosopher who King Theodore once called “the wisest man in the kingdom,” but also introduced the city’s first printing press. In 1763 a Tunisian Jew opened the island’s first coffeehouse, which was a frequent haunt of the Constitutional Society.
The native Ajaccini had mixed opinions as to the changing face of their city. The wave of Jewish immigration was part of a larger postwar trend, as the once sleepy Genoese entrepôt of Ajaccio developed into a modest but increasingly busy center of commerce, manufacturing, and culture. Before the Revolution, seeing a foreign (that is, non-Genoese) ship in the harbor had been an occurrence worthy of note; now it was an everyday event, at least during the sailing season. The foreign presence brought prosperity, but not for everyone - coral fishermen and carpenters were certainly better served by the new economy than tailors and traders, who faced daunting new competition. In general, however, the Jews and other foreigners created more jobs than they took.
Yet not everyone had economics foremost in their minds, and the benefits of growth had to be weighed against the peril to one’s soul. It was one thing for a few Jews or “Lutherans” to visit the city, or even to live there; nobody had begrudged the king his English followers or raised an outcry against the presence of Dutch oil merchants. Now, however, heretics and unbelievers seemed to be flooding into Ajaccio at a rapid rate, and it seemed conceivable that they might tempt native Corsicans into damnation. In 1762 the Jewish community requested permission from the city’s anziani
to buy a house to serve as a dedicated synagogue; the council initially agreed, then reversed its decision because of public outcry, and then reversed itself again in 1763 thanks to royal pressure and written assurances from the Jewish leaders that Christians would not be allowed inside under any circumstances or otherwise “recruited.” That seemed to resolve the matter, but other crises would soon follow.
Still, the relative acceptance which the Jews found in this previously all-Catholic city was surprising for the time. It may be that the Ajaccini really did see the benefits of immigration trumpeted by Theodore, or that the isolated Corsicans were simply too ignorant to have the same antisemitic prejudices of mainland Italians. Perhaps the shared animosity of the Jews and Ajaccini towards the odious French occupation created a lingering sense of solidarity. One could also blame the condition of the Corsican church, which had many priests but a weak and largely powerless hierarchical structure, rendering any organized campaign against “apostates” difficult. Of course, the more perverse explanation is that the Corsicans simply had a more convenient target for their xenophobia: the Greeks.
The surrender of the French after the Battle of Concador not only delivered the French army into British custody, but the auxiliary cavalrymen of the Greek “Busacci squadron” as well. After the signing of the Convention of Bastia in June 1759, the Greeks were handed over to Corsican authorities. Their status and ultimate fate was a matter of some contention. The Greeks were widely despised, particularly in the Nebbio, where Busacci and his horsemen had eagerly served as France’s enforcers to requisition supplies and violently suppress the macchiari
. But they were not prisoners of war, because Corsica had not been at war; nor could they be declared traitors, as that would imply that all who helped the French were traitors (including many important native Corsicans). Count Gianpietro Gaffori
promised to hold individual
trials for those who were accused of murder or theft, but then backtracked. The count realized that if the Greeks actually got their day in court they would simply claim that they were French soldiers acting under orders. Given the political divide between filofrancesi
, Gaffori feared this would simply inflame tensions for no benefit. Ultimately the Greeks were simply disarmed and returned to Ajaccio.
Nobody expected them to receive a warm welcome from the largely filoinglese
Ajaccini, but the busaccini
(as they were nicknamed) were also shunned by their fellow Greeks. There was a fierce rivalry between the Busacci brothers and Giorgio Stefanopoli
, who vied for leadership of the overall Greek community and strongly disagreed on the community’s future. Stefanopoli believed that the Greeks ought to integrate, reconcile with the “natives,” and make Corsica their permanent home. The Busaccis, on the other hand, believed that the Corsicans would never respect them and “integration” could only mean the loss of their culture and identity. The ultimate goal of the busaccini
had always been emigration, and since Theodore refused to let them go, they had pledged themselves to the King of France in the hope that he would recognize their service and help them leave Corsica for good. Stefanopoli not only received the wayward busaccini
with ill grace, but petitioned the Corsican government to have the Busacci brothers deported. Once the war was over, Theodore reluctantly agreed. The Busacci brothers did finally manage to emigrate, but not quite in the way they had imagined: They were forced to leave all their property behind and dropped off in Marseilles with a handful of followers, family members, and fellow officers. They hoped to gain some pension or assistance from King Louis XV
in recognition of their service, but to no avail; the French wanted nothing more to do with them.
Giorgio Stefanopoli thus emerged as the undisputed leader of the Greco-Corsican community, but “integration” did not prove as easy as he had hoped. The Ajaccini did not pay much attention to the Busacci-Stefanopoli rivalry and tended to consider all the Greeks to be traitors and French sympathizers. Stefanopoli sought royal assistance, hoping that his loyalty to Theodore might be rewarded with money or land, but it was politically untenable for the king to show favor to the Greeks. Sympathetic to their plight, Theodore proposed to make use of the Greeks by forming an all-Greek unit of “Royal Lacedaemonians” for the army, but his ministers assured him that this was folly. Although the Greco-Corsicans had proved themselves to be both skilled farmers and capable soldiers, neither vocation seemed to be open to them in Corsica.
Formally, ‘Abu’l Hasan ‘Ali ibn Hussein Pasha, Beylerbeyli of Tunis
Also known as the “Second Barbary Company” as not to be confused with the short-lived Elizabethan-era trading company of the same name. The original Barbary Company had been established chiefly to conduct trade with Morocco, but was dissolved in 1597 when its charter expired. After this the Barbary Coast was presumably included within the remit of the Levant Company, whose main business was in the Eastern Mediterranean, but the Levant Company’s exclusive rights were revoked in 1754.
Five hundred Jews was still a mere fraction of Livorno’s Jewish community, which numbered around four thousand, but it was far in excess of the Jews living in Genoa. Even after concerted efforts by the Republic to attract Jews to help revive the economy, the city could boast no more than 70 souls in 1763.
[A] The Zuwawa are the namesake of the French “Zouaves,” the soldiers who became famous for their Algerian-inspired baggy pants. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Dosta!
Dosta! a Romani word meaning "enough", is a Council of Europe awareness raising campaign which aims to bring non-Roma closer to Roma citizens by breaking down the barriers caused by prejudices and stereotypes.
History of Dosta!
The Dosta! campaign began as part of a wider Council of Europe and European Commission Joint Program called "Equal Rights and Treatment for Roma in South Easter Europe".
It has been implemented in the following countries in 2006 and 2007:
* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Montenegro
* the Republic of Serbia
* "Republic of Macedonia"
Originally launched as a regional campaign, “Dosta!” sparked the interest of other Council of Europe Member States and consequently, other states have joined or created partnerships:
* Ukraine
* Moldova
* Italy
* Romania
* Croatia
* Slovenia
* Latvia
* Bulgaria
* France
Dosta!-Congress Prize for Municipalities
The “DOSTA!-Congress Prize for municipalities” was launched in 2007 by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities and the Dosta! Campaign as part of their ongoing work to strengthen the role of local authorities in the field of Roma and minority rights’ protection. “Dosta” is a Romani word meaning “enough”.
This Prize is awarded every two years to municipalities from Council of Europe member states that have implemented innovative and creative initiatives to effectively ensure the long-term integration of the Roma communities within their borders, while respecting the diversity of these communities and ensuring their active participation in local democratic life.
The top three projects receive the Dosta!-Congress Prize for Municipalities during a ceremony organised on the occasion of the Congress Plenary Session which takes place at the headquarters of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.
Winners
The 1st edition of the Dosta!-Congress Prize was held in 2007 and opened to South-Eastern European members only. Three cities were rewarded for their involvement in favor of Roma inclusion:
* Vitez (Bosnia and Herzegovina): 1st Prize
* Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina): 2nd Prize
* Novi Sad (Serbia): 3rd Prize
Since its 2nd edition, the Dosta!-Congress Prize has been opened to all the municipalities from the 47 Council of Europe member states. Thus, for the 2008 edition of the Prize, four municipalities were rewarded:
* Mostar and Prijedor (Bosnia Herzegovina): 1st joint Prize
* Volos (Greece): 2nd Prize
* Lom (Bulgaria): 3rd Prize
The 3rd edition of the Dosta!-Congress Prize was held in 2011 and again four communities have been awarded for their involvement:
* City of Jyväskylä (Finland) and Surčin, City of Belgrade (Serbia): 1st joint Prize
* Comunidad de Madrid (Spain): 2nd Prize
* Southwark Council, Greater London (United Kingdom): 3rd Prize
In 2013, the 4th Dosta!-Congress Prize has been awarded to three local and regional authorities which were distinguished for their participatory and innovative work in combating anti-Gypsyism and promoting the inclusion of Roma in political and social life. Winners were:
* Obrnice (Czech Republic): 1st Prize
* Heraklion (Greece): 2nd Prize
* Regional authority of Kocaeli Province (Turkey): 3rd Prize
The 5th edition of the Dosta!-Congress Prize will be held in 2015. Awarded authorities will receive their Prize during a ceremony on the occasion of the Congress’ 29th Plenary Session which will take place at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg in October 2015.
Other sources
* Strengethening Roma Rights
* Dosta! (http://www.dosta.org/) | WIKI |
Talk:Van Zant (duo)
Requested move 16 April 2021
The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) ~ Aseleste (t, e | c, l) 01:25, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
– Although this band is the only one that is an exact title match, Johnny Van Zant, Ronnie Van Zant, Donnie Van Zant, and Paige VanZant all get a lot more pageviews. Van Zant should thus be a disambiguation page. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:14, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
* Van Zant → Van Zant (band)
* Van Zant (disambiguation) → Van Zant
* Support. The band does not appear to be the primary topic by usage . Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:51, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
* Support per nom. Dicklyon (talk) 03:36, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
* Support per nom. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:28, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
Requested move 20 November 2023
The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) -- Maddy from Celeste (WAVEDASH) 16:12, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
Van Zant (band) → Van Zant (duo) – They were best known as a duo, not a full band. "Duo" is an acceptable disambiguation term per pages such as Trout Fishing in America (duo). I'd do this myself per WP:BOLD, but the page seems to be move-protected. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 15:18, 20 November 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. – robertsky (talk) 11:55, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
* Move back to Van Zant. This is the only article on WP using that title. Station1 (talk) 20:29, 22 November 2023 (UTC)
* As the OP, I am not opposed to this. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 17:48, 23 November 2023 (UTC)
* Oppose moving to Van Zant. The existing disambiguation page at that name seems to have lots of possible meanings for this term, including with this exact spelling/spacing/typography. As per the RM a few years ago, no evidence that this specific duo, and not any of the people (including those even within this family) is the PRIMARYTOPIC. For example, here are the 30-day page-view counts for exact-string bio pages "Van Zant":
* No objection to (duo) if that's how they are best known. DMacks (talk) 18:37, 23 November 2023 (UTC)
* @DMacks The article doesn't even mention any other members, so it's pretty clear they're best known as a duo. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 16:33, 26 November 2023 (UTC)
* The discography lists: "No More Dirty Deals (as Johnny Van Zant Band)" and that the group shortened their name thereafter, but No More Dirty Deals says the album is a solo album, but also lists five band-members who have different last names. This is all too tangled for me, so I am abstaining in deference to those who can figure it out. DMacks (talk) 21:51, 26 November 2023 (UTC)
* Their highest chart hit and most successful album were as a duo, and most sources don't even mention the non-duo lineup. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 16:25, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
* Support move to (duo) as how they are best known. DMacks (talk) 12:23, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
move protection
but the page seems to be move-protected: When this page was still called Van Zant, Maxim protected it with the edit commentary "Pagemove war [move=sysop]" at 20:35, 10 September 2008. Cheers CapnZapp (talk) 19:21, 5 December 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Shivaji and His Times.djvu/107
1660 ] The Mughals, flushed with victory, cleared the pass at a gallop, in the teeth of a hot fire from the fort-walls, and dispersed the enemy assembled beyond it. The victors returned to their camp at Saswad in the evening. Thence, after a four days' halt at Rajwah, they entered Puna on 9th May.
Meantime, a force 3,000 strong, detached by Shaista Khan under Ismail, had occupied North Konkan, and that district was now placed under a Mughal faujdar (Salabat Khan Deccani) with a contingent of Maratha friendlies, among whom Babaji Bhonsla and Raghuji are mentioned in the official history of Aurangzib (A. N. 584), while the Chitnis Bakhar (p. 97) speaks of Shambhuji Kavji and Babaji Ram Honap, deshpande of Puna, as having joined the Mughals. (A. N. 578-588, our only authority.)
Shaista Khan had decided to pass the rainy season with his army at Puna, then a small hamlet. But before his arrival there, the enemy had totally destroyed the grain and fodder in the country round Puna and Chakan and removed all traces of habitation. And now the many rivers between Puna and the Mughal frontier being in flood, no provision reached his camp, and his army had to undergo great hardship from scarcity. He, therefore, decided to remove his camp from Puna to Chakan, 18 miles northwards, as being nearer to Ahmadnagar and the | WIKI |
Super
Inheritance
Super
🙋 Need help? Ask an expert now!
When implementing inheritance, use the Java reserved word super to call a method in the superclass or to invoke the constructor of the superclass. Remember that private methods cannot be accessed by the subclass. Take a look below to see how super is used.
SuperExample.java
package exlcode;
public class SuperExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SuperTestTwo superTestTwo = new SuperTestTwo(10,20);
}
}
SuperTestOne.java
package exlcode;
public class SuperTestOne {
public int exampleVariableOne = 10;
public SuperTestOne(int parameterOne) {
this.exampleVariableOne = parameterOne;
}
public void print(){
System.out.println(exampleVariableOne);
}
}
SuperTestTwo.java
package exlcode;
public class SuperTestTwo extends SuperTestOne {
public SuperTestTwo(int parameterOne, int parameterTwo) {
super(parameterOne);
super.print();
}
}
The word super is usually used to call the constructor, but could also be used to call methods. When you start using inheritance in the future, you will most likely be using super more for invoking constructors of the superclass. In the code above, SuperTestTwo invokes the constructor of its superclass SuperTestOne and sets parameterOne directly from the superclass. Therefore, when the print() method is called in the SuperTestTwo class, it prints 10.
Remember that super(); has to be the first statement in the subclass' constructor. Otherwise, you will get a compile-time error. Also, if you extend a class without a zero-argument constructor, like SuperTestTwo above, make sure to use one of the superclass' constructors and have the same parameters. Another data type in the parameter would cause an error. But, if the constructor in the superclass has no arguments(parameters), Java will automatically call one for you in the subclass, so super(); will not be necessary in that case.
Edit Me on GitHub!
Application Question
Consider the following class declarations:
public class Vehicle
{
private int varOne;
public Vehicle(){
varOne = 0;
}
public Vehicle (int paramOne){
varOne = paramOne;
}
}
public class Car extends Vehicle
{
public Car(){
super(0);
}
}
Which of the following statements will NOT compile? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
For novel ideas about building embedded systems (both hardware and firmware), join the 40,000+ engineers who subscribe to The Embedded Muse, a free biweekly newsletter. The Muse has no hype and no vendor PR. Click here to subscribe.
Giveaway - a 1949 Vacuum tube voltmeter Given the mention of Heathkit in the January 4 Muse, and the focus on history in both of this month's Muses, this month's giveaway is a circa 1949 VTVM from Heathkit. Enter the contest here.
By Jack Ganssle
Software is Cheap
Published 3/17/2005
Firmware is the most expensive thing in the universe.
In his book "Augustine's Laws," Norman Augustine, former Lockheed Martin CEO, tells a revealing story about a problem encountered by the defense community. A high performance fighter aircraft is a delicate balance of conflicting needs: fuel range vs. performance. Speed vs. weight. It seems that by the late 70s fighters were at about as heavy as they'd ever be. Contractors, always pursuing larger profits, looked in vain for something they could add that cost a lot, but which weighed nothing.
The answer: firmware. Infinite cost, zero mass. Avionics now accounts for more than half of a fighter's cost. That's a chunk of change when you consider the latest American fighter, the F-22, costs a cool $257m a pop. Augustine practically chortles with glee when he relates this story.
But why is software so expensive? Tom DeMarco once answered this question with these three words: compared to what? He went on to discuss relatively boring business cases, but that answer has resonated in my mind for years.
Compared to what? With software we routinely create product behaviors of unprecedented complexity. Sure, the code's expensive. But never in the history of civilization has anyone built anything so intricate.
Consider the following bubble sort, lifted shamelessly from Wikipedia and not checked for accuracy:
void bubblesort(int * A, int n)
for(int i(0); i < n; ++i)
for(int j(0); j < n - i - 1; ++j)
if(A[j] > A[j + 1])
std::swap(A[j], A[j + 1]);
}
It's a mere 110 non-space characters, perhaps tossed off in an hour or two. Suppose we didn't have software and had to implement a sort using some other strategy. What would it cost?
A mechanical engineer might boast that his profession built sorters long before computers. Consider IBM's 1949-era model 82 card sorter (http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/sorter.html) with a throughput of 650 cards per minute, rather less than our code snippet might manage even on a 4 MHz Z80. The model 82, of course, only sorted one column of a card at a time; to completely sort a deck could take dozens of passes.
How long did it take to design and build this beast? Years, no doubt. And its functionality pales compared to our code which is so much faster and which can handle gigantic datasets.
But that was 1949. How long would it take to build a bubble sort from electronic components - without FPGAs and VHDL, today's software-like solution to hardware problems?
Every time I start to sketch out a circuit I'm sorely tempted to plop in a CPU. It's the natural solution, but breaks the rules of this game.
In an hour I managed a rough block diagram, one above the chip level (blocks have names like "adder," "16 bit latch" and the like). But the sequencing logic is clearly pretty messy so I've just tossed in a PLD, assuming at some point it wouldn't be too hard to write the appropriate equations. And, yes, perhaps that breaks the no-programmable-logic rule, but to design and debug all that logic using gates in any reasonable amount of time is as unlikely as buck-a-gallon gas.
Assuming 16 bit words and addresses, the circuit will need around a dozen 16 bit latches, adders, and the like. Plus memory. And I have no idea how the unsorted data arrives into the RAM or how the results get exported. Those are unspecified design requirements. The software-only solution naturally resolves these requirements just by the act of writing the function prototype.
Translating the rough block diagram to a schematic might take a day. Then there's the time to design and produce a PCB, order and load parts (and change the design to deal with the unexpected but inevitable end-of-life issues), and then of course make the circuit work. We could be talking weeks of effort and a lot of money for the board, parts and appropriate test equipment.
All this to replace 7 little lines of code. Few real embedded programs are less than 10,000; many exceed a million. How much hardware and how much engineering would be needed to replace a real, super-sized computer program?
Firmware is the most expensive thing in the universe, but only because of the unimaginable complexity of the problems it solves. But it's vastly cheaper than any alternative. So when your boss irritably asks why the software takes so long, you know what to say.
Compared to what? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.