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Rene Pauli
René Pauli (1935–1999) was a Swiss-American artist known for his original photographs and tri-color carbon print making process. His tri-color carbon prints of original nature photographs were sold in several U.S. photography galleries, featured by an Eastman Kodak exhibition and by the Sierra Club and are included in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and the Polk Museum of Art. René revived and perfected the carbon printing process independently in a small apartment in San Francisco by engineering all hand built machines, even creating his own paper mats. His tri-color carbon prints were noted for their unmatched color, quality and detail, bas-relief effect, and archival permanence, estimated to last virtually unchanged for many hundreds of years. | WIKI |
Top OTC Concerta Alternatives 2020: Closest Natural & Legal Pills
What is Concerta?
Methylphenidate extended-release popularly known as Concerta belongs to the central nervous system stimulant family of medicine. It is used to treat ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), ADD (attention deficit disorder) and narcolepsy in adults and children aged 6 and up. This medication helps to increase the attention span while simultaneously decreasing restlessness in people with ADHD.
How Does it Work?
Concerta works by altering the amounts of certain natural chemicals in your brain and nerves that contribute to impulse and hyperactivity control. It allows the dopamine and norepinephrine levels in your brain to rise slowly but steadily. It does this by inhibiting the neurons from reabsorbing them. The increase in norepinephrine- a stimulant and dopamine is linked to movement, feelings of pleasure and attention span.
Here are the common reasons doctors prescribe it and the medical benefits
Since Concerta is a stimulant, doctors prescribe it to help increase the patient’s ability to focus, pay attention and control behavior problems relating to hyperactivity. It is believed to have helped patients organize their tasks as well as improve their listening skills. Still, using this medication without the consent or direction of a medical practitioner might lead to a host of severe medical problems.
What are the Negative Side Effects of Concerta?
The dose of Concerta should be individualized to a patient’s needs. Normally, the dose is started low and increased gradually. Although Concerta helps many people, it can cause addiction. The risk of addiction is greater in people who have had a substance use disorder.
If a patient takes this medication in high doses or over a long period, it might cause withdrawal side effects. These may include depression, suicidal thoughts among other mental/mood change. These side effects may occur when you stop using it. Also, when used over a long time, the medication may not work as well. Therefore, make sure you talk with your health professional in case this happens.
Some of the commonly reported side effects of Concerta include;
Short-term side effects:
• Stomach aches
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Sleeplessness
• Sinusitis
• Dizziness
• Sore throat
• Infection in the upper respiratory tract
Long-term side effects
• Mental illness
• Excessive weight loss
• Slow growth in children
• Eyesight change/ blurred vision
• High blood pressure
• Increased heart rate
• Chest pain
• Seizures
• Priapism
• psychosis
• Impairment of teenager’s ability to operate machinery, and the drive to perform potentially hazardous tasks
Can You Buy Concerta Over the Counter?
According to the United States’ FDA (food and drug administration), Concerta is a schedule II stimulant. Hence it is a federally controlled substance. This is because it can lead to dependence and get abused. Therefore, it cannot be bought over the counter as it needs a prescription from a doctor.
Can You Purchase Concerta Online Legally?
Since Concerta and methylphenidate is a controlled drug prescribed for ADHD, it is illegal and dangerous to purchase online. There are strict rules for prescription and severe penalties for using it without a prescription. People who purchase this medication online can be prosecuted under the federal and state laws. Additionally, chances are that you will lose the package when it hits the customs/border points.
We will be happy to hear your thoughts
Leave a reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Trump stumbled into Kashmir conflict during Pakistan meeting
US President Donald Trump on Monday hosted Pakistan's prime minister, Imran Khan, at the White House, where Trump said he could wipe Afghanistan off the face of the earth.Trump offered to mediate between Pakistan and India in their long-standing conflict over the majority-Muslim territory of Kashmir, of which India controls the greater portion. Trump even said Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had asked him to mediate, something the Indian government denied.The 1972 Simla Agreement emphasizes that Pakistan and India will solve disputes bilaterally, particularly the one over Kashmir, and upholds the division of Kashmiri territory.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.During an Oval Office meeting with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan on Monday afternoon, US President Donald Trump offered to mediate in the long-simmering conflict between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir."If I can help, I would love to be a mediator," he said, claiming that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had requested he do so.While Khan expressed concern that hostilities between India and Pakistan would escalate into a war and appeared to welcome Trump's offer to mediate, India's Ministry of External Affairs tweeted that Trump's claim simply wasn't true."No such request has been made by PM @narendramodi to US President," said Raveesh Kumar, a ministry representative.Kumar insisted that all negotiations regarding India and Pakistan should be bilateral, citing the Lahore Declaration, signed between India and Pakistan in 1999, which outlines the two countries' commitment to resolving conflicts, including the one over Kashmir.
Pakistan has been trying to remove itself from the 1972 Simla Agreement, which emphasizes a bilateral approach to solving conflicts and upholds the status quo in Kashmir, said Joshua White, a professor of the practice of South Asia studies at Johns Hopkins University.Since India controls more territory — 45% to Pakistan's 35% and China's 20% — "India has every incentive to stall and to keep third parties out," White said.Trump's statement on Monday appears to have walked back decades of US policy and created "a political-relations coup for Pakistan" in one fell swoop by attributing a request from Modi that's "almost certainly inconceivable that he said," White said.While Trump may have simply been trying to please Khan, he will almost certainly make Modi's upcoming visit to the US an uncomfortable one and may have unwittingly affected the US's partnership with India against its powerful rival, China.Read more: These are the 10 most dangerous countries in the world in 2019"The strategic logic of the US-India partnership is still strong, but statements like this one made [Monday] raise serious questions in India about whether the US is a reliable partner," White said. "It probably further sows seeds of concern among Indian officials about what kind of partner the US will be in the future."The conflict over Kashmir, a majority-Muslim area divided into Indian and Pakistani territory, is deep and complex. Because Pakistan separated from India as an Islamic republic in 1947, Pakistan's understanding is that Kashmiris should be part of the same country as their co-religionists.In the decades since, the conflict has become more complex as Pakistan has forged closer ties with China, India's great regional foe. Add to that nuclear arsenals and Pakistan's ties to Lashkar-e-Taiba, the group the US holds responsible for the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, and it only gets messier.Khan later tweeted that he was "surprised" by India's reaction to Trump's offer to mediate. "Generations of Kashmiris have suffered & are suffering daily and need conflict resolution," he wrote.The tension between the two countries doesn't seem to be dying down; earlier this year, India bombed Pakistan in retaliation for a terrorist attack in Kashmir that killed at least 40 Indian paramilitary soldiers.Trump hasn't proved himself a great negotiator in international disputes, despite efforts to brand himself as such. Multiple summits with North Korea have failed to persuade the country to dismantle the nuclear arsenal it has used to threaten US allies. Trump pulled out of the Iran nuclear deal without a backup plan, which has frayed ties to European allies and is thought to have led to a tit-for-tat escalation between Iran and the West.And despite reassurances that peace talks in Afghanistan are going well, the US is still negotiating with the Taliban, a group that has carried out terrorist attacks against its own citizens and prevented women from going to school. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The association between risk factors and hypertension in perak, malaysia
K W Loh, F Rani, T C Chan, H Y Loh, C W Ng, F M Moy
2013 The Medical journal of Malaysia
Hypertension is a major public health problem in Malaysia. A survey was initiated to examine the association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 2025 respondents aged 30 years and above were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Hypertension was defined as self-reported hypertension and/or average of two blood pressure readings at single occasion with SBP ≥ 140mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. Body mass index (BMI) was defined using the
more » ... an criteria and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to evaluate physical activity. Body weight, height and blood pressure were obtained using standard procedures. Univariate analyses were conducted to examine the associations between risk factors and hypertension. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine each significant risk factor on hypertension after adjusted for confounders. In total, 1076 (54.9%) respondents were found to be hypertensive. Significant associations (p <0.001) with hypertension were noted for increasing age, low physical activity, obese BMI, no education background and positive family history of hypertension. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education background, family history, BMI, physical activity, smoking and diet, respondents who were obese and had positive family history had higher odds for hypertension (OR:2.34; 95% CI:1.84-3.17 and 1.96 (1.59-2.42) respectively. A significant increase (p <0.001) in risk for hypertension was noted for age. Those with moderate physical activities were 1.40 (1.04-1.78) times more of having hypertension than those active. Poor diet score and smoking were not significantly associated with increased risk for hypertension. In conclusion, modifiable risk factors such as BMI and physical activity are important risk factors to target in reducing the risk for hypertension.
pmid:24145254 fatcat:j22cne2skzdfxh7yjuwlgpscwq | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Editors' Picks Daily: Plenty Of Fed Talk
By SA Editor Jason Kirsch :
The following summary of our Editors' Picks for the previous trading day is a potential new feature that we're currently testing. Each article listed below has been selected by our editorial staff as a widely appealing and highly convincing analysis with a clear actionable takeaway. Please comment at the end of this article to express your thoughts. We are grateful to hear your feedback.
Our editors' selected articles for Wednesday include a Belgian automotive distribution company, a couple of analyses of the Fed and interest rates, and two unique takes on portfolio theory and trading practices.
Picks Of The Day
What My Foreclosure Experience Taught Me About Margin Restrictions: A Case Study (Part III Of III)
In the final part of a lengthy discussion on the trading practices of large brokerages, specifically margin restrictions, the author concludes by warning investors to not only "carefully consider the risks associated... with vicissitudes in the market," but also weigh chance that their broker will "dump them out of their position following a market dislocation." We recommend the complete article to large, experienced traders (find Part 1 and Part 2 here).
Tags - Portfolio Strategy, Trading
Dividends Don't Have To Matter In Retirement, Redux
While many retirees rely on dividend-paying stocks for income, Dale Roberts looks into whether the dividend itself is more important than what a steady dividend says about the fundamentals of a company. He argues that one's allocation strategy, specifically the inclusion of low-risk, steady growth assets to protect against market-wide drawdowns, are most important. "Defense wins championships," Roberts says, echoing the advice from top investors such as Warren Buffett, Ray Dalio and Howard Marks.
Tags - Portfolio Strategy, Retirement
What's An Investor To Do When Fed Critics Have No Clue?
In this detailed analysis, the author explains why he thinks the Fed may be wrong about its assumption that rising rates will slow economic growth. By focusing on inflation and wage growth, Cowette dives into historical data to prove his point: that the Fed shouldn't be so quick to assume that increasing interest rates will lead to a recession.
Tags - Federal Reserve, Economics
The Federal Reserve Has Never Printed 'Money': Part I by Eric Basmajian
A fundamental misunderstanding of the Fed's mechanisms has left economists and investors wrong-footed over the past decade. Eric Basmajian explains how to best understand Fed actions and what that means for the macro landscape.
Tags - Economy
Scoping Out South Korea's Investment Landscape
While the political and business landscape in South Korea is uncertain, Franklin Templeton believes that an abundance of strong investment opportunities exist. In this compelling article, the authors reflect on their trip to South Korea and how the experience offered them insight to emerging market investing going forward.
Tags - South Korea, Emerging Markets, Economics
Helios And Matheson: I've Seen How This Movie Ends
This article is mainly about MoviePass, a service that Helios ( HMNY ) has a 53% ownership stake in. MoviePass allows consumers to go to one movie per day for a monthly price of $9.99. Since the service is rather new, and the market is in transition, the author highlights its risk. In addition to potential future dilution, the fundamental risks for investing in Helios seem too large for most investors. Courage & Conviction Investing recommends to steer clear!
Tags - Short Ideas
AGNC Investment's Q3 2017 Income Statement And Earnings Preview - Part 2
In the second part of this highly detailed analysis ( see Part 1 here ), Scott Kennedy presents his projections for AGNC's ( AGNC ) next earnings report. He projects that AGNC will report a modest gain in the company's derivative instruments and securities, and a large gain in its MBS portfolio for the third quarter 2017. Stay tuned for Part 3, which will detail his detailed MBS projection analysis.
Tags - Dividends & Income, MREITs
Will Biotech Continue To Boom?
The Seeking Alpha team goes one on one with Avisol Capital Partners (author of The Total Pharma Tracker) to explain their valuation methodology for biotechs and to discuss specific red flags to look for when evaluating investment opportunities.
Tags - Biotech, Interview, Seeking Alpha
Why Everspin Technologies Is Fading And Will Continue To Downtrend
In this comprehensive short analysis, White Diamond Research presents a convincing argument to bet against Everspin Technologies ( MRAM ). Even with its recent pullback, the company's inferior products, according to the author, will be responsible for its demise. While near-term price movement will be based on management's guidance going forward, there's good reason to believe Everspin is a solid long-term short idea.
Tags - Short Idea, Comprehensive Analysis, Chip Makers
Kroger Convenient No More - A Rangeley Capital Podcast by Chris DeMuth Jr.
The Rangeley Capital portfolio managers - Chris DeMuth Jr. and Andrew Walker - discuss Kroger's ( KR ) competitive position in the face of Amazon's ( AMZN ) acquisition of Whole Foods Markets, and the enduring outperformance of spin-offs.
Tags - Grocery Stores
MoneyGram's CFIUS Problem by Bledsoe Research
MoneyGram (MGI) has agreed to be bought out by Alibaba (BABA) affiliate Ant Financial, but getting regulatory approval may be tough, argues Bledsoe Research. A deal break could reward shorts.
Tags - Short ideas, Business Services, M&A
Our Pro Pick Of The Day
D'Ieteren Trades At A Discount To Conservative Sum Of The Parts Valuation by The Investment Doctor
D'Ieteren (SIETY) is undervalued, argues The Investment Doctor. The Belgian automotive distribution company exhibits strong FCF growth and its proceeds from the sale of its stake in Belron could help the company delever and unlock value. The author conservatively believes there's 25% upside in this play.
Tags - Long Ideas, International Investing
Have any thoughts about these articles? Email us at editorial-issues@seekingalpha.com and we'll do our best to get back to you quickly. In the comment section below, let us know which articles you thought were the most convincing and valuable to our community.
Click here to read yesterday's edition of the editors' picks daily.
See also Bitcoin Shows Its Power, Rallies To All Time Highs on seekingalpha.com
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
tension pulley for manufacturing automation
tension pulley for manufacturing automation
Introduction
A tension pulley plays a crucial role in manufacturing automation, ensuring proper tension and smooth operation of various systems. This article will explore the functions, common issues, replacement considerations, and selection guidelines for tension pulleys.
tension pulley
What is a tension pulley?
A tension pulley, also known as an idler pulley, is a rotating component that helps maintain tension in a system by guiding and redirecting belts, cables, or chains. It effectively enhances the performance and reliability of manufacturing automation processes.
tension pulley
What happens when a tension pulley goes bad?
When a tension pulley malfunctions or deteriorates, several issues may arise, affecting the overall performance of the system:
1. Increased wear and tear on belts, cables, or chains, leading to reduced lifespan and potential failures.
2. Slippage or misalignment, causing decreased efficiency and compromised accuracy in manufacturing automation.
3. Noise and vibration, resulting in an unpleasant working environment and potential damage to surrounding components.
4. Diminished overall system performance and productivity due to inconsistent tension distribution.
cable pulley
When to replace tensioner pulley?
It is crucial to replace a tension pulley when the following signs become noticeable:
• Inadequate tension adjustment range or loss of tension control.
• Excessive noise, vibration, or irregular movements during operation.
• Visible signs of wear, such as cracks, fraying, or deformation.
• Significant reduction in overall system performance or productivity.
How to choose or customize the right tension pulley?
When selecting or customizing a tension pulley, various parameters and real-life conditions should be considered:
1. Load capacity and tension requirements: Ensure the pulley can handle the desired load range and maintain optimal tension.
2. Material and surface treatment: Choose materials with high durability and resistance to wear, corrosion, or extreme operating conditions.
3. Size and dimensions: Match the pulley's size and dimensions to the specific system requirements for proper fit and functionality.
4. Mounting options and compatibility: Confirm the pulley's compatibility with existing systems and available mounting methods.
5. Environmental factors: Account for factors such as temperature variations, exposure to chemicals, or specific industry regulations.
cable pulley
HZPT specializes in designing, developing, and manufacturing high-performance components, as well as procuring and exporting aftermarket automotive parts to meet all customer needs. Our products are well-received in the European, South American, and Australian markets, earning the trust of numerous clients. We prioritize product quality and adhere to a "customer-first service" policy. With a young, dynamic, and capable team, we believe we can provide professional services to fulfill any requirement. Rapid delivery is one of our advantages.
In China, we have a dedicated factory for product development and OEM services. Additionally, we have a well-stocked warehouse for timely distribution to meet the demands of many customers. We continuously strive to improve our services and offer top-quality products at competitive prices. We appreciate any inquiries or feedback, so please feel free to contact us.
As a specialized manufacturer and seller of tension pulleys, we highly recommend our products to customers. Here are five key advantages of our tension pulleys and company:
1. Exceptional durability and reliability: Our tension pulleys are built with high-quality materials to withstand demanding operating conditions and ensure long-lasting performance.
2. Precision engineering: Each tension pulley is meticulously designed and manufactured with precise tolerances, guaranteeing optimal functionality and compatibility.
3. Advanced technology: We utilize cutting-edge technology and manufacturing processes to deliver tension pulleys that excel in performance and efficiency.
4. Customization options: We offer a range of customization possibilities, allowing customers to tailor tension pulleys to their specific requirements for seamless integration into their systems.
5. Outstanding customer support: Our dedicated team provides excellent customer support, assisting with product selection, troubleshooting, and prompt after-sales service to ensure customer satisfaction. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bentley S2
The Bentley S2 is a luxury car produced by Bentley from 1959 until 1962. The successor to the S1, it featured the new Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine and improved air conditioning made possible by that engine's increased output. Power steering was also standard, and a new dashboard and steering wheel were introduced. Some early S2s were built with the earlier S1 dashboard.
A high-performance S2-derived Continental edition was also produced.
1,863 standard and 57 long-wheelbase S2 car chassis were built between 1959 and 1962. Almost all were fitted with standard factory bodywork. A number had coachbuilt bodies by Park Ward, Hooper, H. J. Mulliner & Co., and James Young.
S2
Announced at the beginning of October 1959 the S2 replaced the S1's straight-six engine with the new aluminium Rolls-Royce - Bentley L Series V8 shared with the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II. It displaced 6.2 L (6230 cc, or 380 cu in), and offered significantly improved performance.
As advertised in The Times, Friday, 2 October 1959:
Of the 1,863 standard S2 models produced, 15 had H. J. Mulliner & Co. drophead coupe bodies. Of the 57 long-wheelbase cars, five had James Young bodies and one a Mercedes-Bentley yachting station-wagon body by Wendler.
S2 Continental
An "S2 Continental" chassis was built with higher performance engines and higher gearing for lighter bodywork. 388 were built, bodied by the same group of coachbuilders as the standard S2. | WIKI |
Bombardment of Qui Nhơn
The bombardment of Qui Nhơn in 1861 was an attack by a United States Navy warship upon a Vietnamese-held fort protecting Qui Nhơn on the south central coast of Vietnam (modern-day Binh Dinh Province). United States forces under James F. Schenck went to southern Vietnam to search for missing American citizens but were met with cannon fire upon arriving. In response to the attack the American warship bombarded the fort until it was reduced. The incident occurred during French and Spanish conquest of southern Vietnam.
Bombardment
Commander John Schenck was serving with the East India Squadron in June 1861 just before setting sail east to join the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. His last mission in the Far East was to proceed with the paddle steamer sloop USS Saginaw (1859) to Qui Nhơn. A boat filled with sailors from the American merchant ship Myrtle was reported missing so Flag Officer Frederick K. Engle ordered Schenck to search the area. The Saginaw was armed with one 50-pounder (23 kg), one 32-pounder (15 kg) and two 24-pound rifled guns. She had a complement of fifty officers and enlisted men. Commander Schenck arrived off Qui Nhơn of July 30 and prepared to enter the harbor the following day at 1:00 am. He wanted to ask the Vietnamese if they had seen the missing sailors. When the Saginaw was entering the harbor of Qui Nhơn on July 31, the nearby fort to the north, mounting a few guns, opened fire at a range of 600 yards.
USS Saginaw's crew was just putting the anchor down when the first shot burst in the water next to the ship. Surprised, the Americans first raised a white flag to show their friendly intentions but then a second shot was fired along with a third. Trying to get up steam, the Saginaw turned around and withdrew slowly to 900 yards, by which time her crew were at station and ready for action. The American gunners returned fire with one of their 32-pounders and after only about twenty minutes the Vietnamese guns were silenced. A secondary explosion was observed and it was suspected that either the powder magazine of the fort, or one of the guns, blew up and killed their operators. After the explosion no further shots were fired from the fort. However, the Saginaw's gunners continued their bombardment for another half-hour unopposed until the fort was in ruins. American forces suffered no damage or casualties and after the action, communicating with the Vietnamese proved fruitless so the Saginaw steamed back to Hong Kong.
The men of Saginaw ultimately did not find the missing American sailors. Commander Schenck went on to serve with distinction at the battles for Fort Fisher during the American Civil War. | WIKI |
User:SeyedKevin/Books/1
* Linux
* Free software
* Operating system
* Kernel (computing)
* Linux kernel
* Device driver
* File system
* Unix
* Mac OS X
* Berkeley Software Distribution
* FreeBSD
* Apple Inc.
* IBM
* Intel Corporation
* Sun Microsystems
* Open source
* Graphical user interface
* Unix-like
* Computer software
* Free Software Foundation
* Application programming interface
* C (programming language)
* Compiler
* Source code
* Assembly language
* Computing platform
* Java (programming language)
* Library (computing)
* Solaris (operating system)
* GNU General Public License
* X86
* Server (computing)
* Central processing unit
* Embedded system
* Personal computer
* Mainframe computer
* Computer
* PowerPC
* Computer data storage
* X86-64
* NetBSD | WIKI |
Talk:Empress Jitō
Needing reference/source
The following text was posted in the main body of this article, but no references are given to validate its factual basis. The brief paragraph is moved here pending further clarification: Her son, Prince Kusakabe was an ordinary prince. However, her elder sister's son, Prince Ōtsu was an able prince. She had him commit suicide by the plot. However, Kusakabe had died before he became an emperor. Therefore, her grandchild became an emperor. Of course it can be restored in a moment .... --Ooperhoofd 21:37, 3 September 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
CITY OF EL PASO v. Carlos Salas-Porras SOULE a/k/a Carlos Salas-Porras S.; Carlos Salas-Porras Romero a/k/a Carlos Salas-Porras R.; Virginia Salas-Porras de Cano; Aurora Salas-Porras Romero; Elvira Salas-Porras de Lugo; Patricia Medrano Hernandez;, Esther Salas-Porras; Rukubi S.A. de C.V.; New World Trading Co. a/k/a New World Trading Co. Ltd.; Waks Development Corp.; and Parallax Corporation N.V. a/k/a Parallax N.V.
No. EP-97-CA-458-DB.
United States District Court, W.D. Texas, El Paso Division.
Jan. 22, 1998.
H. Christopher Mott, El Paso, TX, for Plaintiff.
James R. Dennis; El Paso, TX, for Defendants.
T.O. Gilstrap, El Paso, TX, for Defendant Esther Salas-Porras.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
BRIONES, District Judge.
On this day, the Court considered Defendants Carlos Salas-Porras Soule (“Salas-Porras Jr.”), Carlos Salas-Porras Romero (“Salas-Porras Sr.”), Virginia Salas-Porras de Cano (‘V.Salas-Porras”), Aurora Salas-Porras Romero (“ASalas-Porras”), the Estate of Elvira Salas-Porras de Lugo (“E.Salas-Porras”), Patricia Medrano Hernandez (“Medrano”), Rukubi S.A De C.V. (“Ruku-bi,”) , New World Trading Co. a/k/a New World Trading Co, Ltd. (“New World”), and Waks Development Corp.’s (‘Waks”) Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction filed on November 24, 1997, in the above-captioned cause. The Court also considered Defendant Esther Salas-Porras’ (“Es.Salas-Porras”) Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) filed on November 24, 1997. Plaintiff filed its Response on December 8, 1997.
In the matter before the Court, Plaintiff is seeking to collect on a final judgment rendered in its favor against Parallax Corporation N.V., a/k/a Parallax N.V. (“Parallax”), in a Texas state court condemnation proceeding. Through its Complaint, Plaintiff is attempting to recover certain funds that were held in the registry of the County Court at Law, El Paso County, Texas (“state court”) in connection with the condemnation proceedings, and other funds of Parallax. These funds allegedly were transferred to Defendants during the pendency of state court litigation. Plaintiff relies on several legal theories for the basis of its claims, including fraudulent transfer, civil conspiracy, fraud, conversion, and alter ego. After due consideration, the Court is of the opinion that the Motions should be denied for the reasons set forth below.
FACTS
Salas-Porras Jr. and Salas-Porras Sr. formed Parallax as a Netherlands Antilles corporation in 1978. Salas-Porras Jr. was appointed and has acted as managing director of Parallax since its inception. Salas-Porras Sr. also was appointed as managing director of Parallax. Defendants Salas-Por-ras Jr., Salas-Porras Sr., E. Salas-Porras, V. Salas-Porras, and A Salas-Porras have at various time been shareholders of Parallax. Defendants Medrano and Es. Salas-Porras are relatives of the shareholders or directors of Parallax. All .the individual Defendants are members of the same family and are related to one another by blood or marriage. Defendants Rukubi, New World, and Waks are corporations affiliated with Salas-Porras Jr., Salas-Porras Sr., and Parallax through common ownership, common directors and officers, and through common assets and accounts. Parallax has maintained bank accounts with MBank N.A (“MBank”) and State National Bank (“State National”) in El Paso; Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. (“Dean Witter”) in El Paso; and Union Bank of Switzerland in New York (“Union Bank”).
Shortly after its formation, Parallax purchased certain real property at the intersection of Interstate 10 and Americas Avenue in El Paso, Texas (“Americas property”) for about $1.4 million. Subsequently, Plaintiff sought to condemn a portion of the Americas property for a flood control project. Plaintiff offered Parallax about $1.6 million as compensation for the condemnation, but Parallax refused the offer. Consequently, Plaintiff filed suit against Parallax in May 1991, in cause number 91-5809, County Court at Law, El Paso County, Texas, regarding the condemnation. In August 1991, the Special Commissioners Court awarded damages to Parallax in the amount of about $2.9 million, less past due taxes, for a net award of approximately $2.5 million.
Plaintiff and Parallax objected to the award and sought to have the condemnation damages determined by a jury. As required by law, Plaintiff deposited about $2.9 million — the amount of the Special Commissioner’s award — in cash into the registry of the state court' (“Registry funds”) in August 1991. At Parallax’s request, on September 12, 1991, the state court ordered that Registry funds of approximately' $2.5 million be disbursed to Parallax. Paralláx deposited these funds into its account maintained at MBank in El Paso. Salas-Porras Jr. and Salas-Porras Sr., the managing directors of Parallax, were signatories on the MBank account.
The condemnation proceeding was tried to a jury in state court in June 1993 (“condemnation litigation”). After considering the evidence, the jury found that the condemnation damages to Parallax totaled only about $1.5 million. In August 1993, the state court entered judgment against Parallax iri favor of Plaintiff for the sum of $1,397,593 (“Judgment”), representing the difference in the amount of Registry funds withdrawn by Parallax and the amount of the jury award plus post-judgment interest. Plaintiff asserts that during the pendency of the condemnation litigation, Parallax, acting through its managing director Salas-Porras Jr., transferred the Registry funds to foreign shareholders, related foreign shareholders, and an account with Union Bank. These transactions are described in greater detail below.
Parallax contested the Judgment by appealing to the Eighth District Court of Appeals and the Texas Supreme Court, both of which denied Parallax’s appeals. Since Parallax exhausted its appellate rights in 1996, the state court judgment has become final. However, Parallax has not paid Plaintiff any amounts on the Judgment and has advised Plaintiff that it is insolvent, is judgment-proof, and has no funds' to pay the Judgment.
In an effort to collect its Judgment, Plaintiff commenced post-Judgment discovery in state court against Parallax in 1996. Information and records obtained by Plaintiff in post-Judgment discovery revealed that, during the pendency of the condemnation litigation, some Defendants apparently had drained Parallax of millions of dollars in cash, including ■ the Registry funds. Through its Complaint, Plaintiff seeks to recover the transfers of Registry funds by Parallax to other Defendants.
Post-Judgment discovery also revealed that Parallax maintained a bank account with Union Bank and a financial account with Dean Witter in El Paso. Discovery also established that, during the pendency of the condemnation litigation as well as after rendition of the state court Judgment, Parallax transferred over $7 million in non-Registry funds from MBank, Dean Witter, and Union Bank accounts to affiliated persons and entities, including Defendants.
Furthermore, post-Judgment discovery showed that: 1) on the day after the state court jury returned its verdict against Parallax, Parallax, through Salas-Porras Jr., closed its MBank account and transferred the balance of the account to E. Salas-Por-ras; 2) about one week after the jury verdict, Parallax, through Salas-Porras Jr., transferred all funds in its Union Bank account to a Texas bank account of New World; and 3) Parallax closed its Dean Witter account in El Paso and transferred a substantial amount of the funds to New World in El Paso. Plaintiff additionally seeks to recover these non-Registry fund transfers by Parallax to Defendants.
In the instant Motion, Defendants argue that this Court does not have jurisdiction over them under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(2). They assert that because their contacts with Texas are insufficient for purposes of establishing personal jurisdiction over them, the Court should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims. Plaintiff counters, and the Court agrees, that the affidavits and evidence Plaintiff submitted in its Response, together with the Complaint, establish a prima facie case for the Court to exercise personal jurisdiction over Defendants.
DISCUSSION
There is no dispute that Defendants are not residents of Texas. When a nonresident defendant challenges personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing the district court’s jurisdiction over the nonresident. Stuart v. Spademan, 772 F.2d 1185, 1192 (5th Cir.1985). In a diversity suit, a federal court has jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant to the same extent as a state court in that forum would have over the defendant. Wilson v. Belin, 20 F.3d 644, 646 (5th Cir.1994). However, the reach of a state court’s jurisdiction is defined by the state’s long-arm statute and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Bullion v. Gillespie, 895 F.2d 213, 215 (5th Cir.1990).
The Texas long-arm statute allows the exercise of jurisdiction over nonresidents “doing business” in Texas. Tex.Civ.Prac. & Rem .Code Ann. § 17.042 (West 1997). The Texas Supreme Court interprets the “doing business” requirement broadly, permitting the long-arm statute to reach as far as the United States Constitution allows. Gundle Lining Const. v. Adams County Asphalt, 85 F.3d 201, 204 (5th Cir.1996); Bullion, 895 F.2d at 215; WNS, 884 F.2d at 202. The Court therefore will analyze the exercise of personal jurisdiction over Defendants with respect to federal constitutional limits. See Insurance Corp. of Ireland, Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S. 694, 702 n. 10, 102 S.Ct. 2099, 2104 n. 10, 72 L.Ed.2d 492 (1982) (limits on state power to subject a nonresident to suit is “ultimately a function of the individual liberty interest preserved by the Due Process Clause”).
There are two requirements for a district court to exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident, in order to comport with due process principles. First, the nonresident defendant must have purposefully availed himself of the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing “minimum contacts” with that forum state. E.g., International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316, 66 S.Ct. 154, 158, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945). The defendant, through his conduct and connection with the forum state, should reasonably anticipate being haled into court in the forum state. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297, 100 S.Ct. 559, 567, 62 L.Ed.2d 490 (1980); see also Gundle, 85 F.3d at 204.
As to the “minimum contacts” prong of the inquiry, the Supreme Court has recognized a distinction between contacts that give rise to “specific” personal jurisdiction and those that give rise to “general” personal jurisdiction. Specific personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant is proper only when the individual’s contacts with the forum state arise from, or are directly related to, the cause of action. Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 414 n. 8, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 1872 n. 8, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984). “General” personal jurisdiction, on the other hand, requires more continuous and systematic contacts with the forum state and is applicable when the cause of action does not arise from the defendant’s contacts with the forum state. Id. at 414 n. 9, 104 S.Ct. at 1872 n. 9. By comparison, a lesser standard of minimum contacts is required for specific personal jurisdiction than general personal jurisdiction. 4 Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1067 at 296 (1987 & Supp.1997). Indeed, even a single act by a non-resident defendant directed to a forum state can be enough to confer specific personal jurisdiction if-the act gives rise to the cause of action being asserted. Ruston Gas Turbines, Inc. v. Donaldson Co., Inc., 9 F.3d 415, 419 (5th Cir.1993).
The second requirement for the jurisdiction analysis is that the exercise of jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant must not offend “traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.” Asahi Metal Indus. Co. v. Superior Court of Cal., Solano Cty., 480 U.S. 102, 113, 107 S.Ct. 1026, 1033, 94 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987) (quoting International Shoe, 326 U.S. at 316, 66 S.Ct. at 158). When determining the fundamental fairness issue, a court will examine the following: 1) the defendant’s burden; 2) the interests of the forum state; 3) the plaintiff’s interest in convenient and effective relief; 4) the.interest of the judicial system in efficient resolution of controversies; and 5) the shared interest of the several states-in furthering fundamental substantive social policies. Id. at 113, 107 S.Ct. at 1033; World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., 444 U.S. at 292, 100 S.Ct. at 564.
Where, as here, a court relies on pleadings and affidavits alone in a jurisdictional challenge, the standard of proof is not a heavy one: the, plaintiff need only establish a prima facie showing of jurisdiction. See Bullion, 895 F.2d at 217; WAN, 884 F.2d at 203. In fact, uncontroverted allegations in the plaintiffs complaint are taken as true and any conflicts between the facts are resolved in favor of the plaintiff. Ruston Gas Turbines, 9 F.3d at 418; Bullion, 895 F.2d at 217; WNS, 884 F.2d at 204. Once a prima facie showing is made, however, it becomes the defendant’s burden to convince the court that assertion of jurisdiction would be unreasonable. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 477, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 2185, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985); see also 4 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1067 at 301-02.
The Court first will address the question of specific and general personal jurisdiction, if applicable, as to each Defendant in turn below. The Court then will discuss the second requirement for jurisdiction, that is, “traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice,” as to Defendants collectively.
Carlos Salas-Porras Jr.
Salas-Porras Jr. resides in Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. - He is a managing director and shareholder of Parallax. Salas-Porras Jr. was a signatory on the Parallax MBank account and had signatory authority over the Dean Witter account of Parallax, all in El Paso. He personally maintained a safe deposit box with State National, also in El Paso.
The evidence provided by Plaintiff shows that Salas-Porras Jr. participated in numerous transfers of funds, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars, during the pendency and immediately after the conclusion of the condemnation litigation. Marty of these transfers were made via checks personally endorsed by Salas-Porras Jr. and deposited by him into accounts he maintained with MBank and State National in El Paso.
Most, if not all, of the Registry fund trans.-fers from Parallax to Defendants were made pursuant to the authorization and signature of Salas-Porras Jr. Over $200,000 in Registry funds were transferred to him personally and deposited into a bank account in El Paso. Similarly, most of the transfers of non-Registry funds from Parallax El Paso accounts to Defendants during the pendency of the condemnation litigation were made on the authorization and signature of Salas-Porras Jr.
On June 18,1993 — the day after the Texas jury rendered a verdict in favor of Plaintiff and against Parallax — Salas-Porras Jr. closed the Parallax account at MBank, transferring the funds in the account to E. Salas-Porras. By letter dated June 23, 1993, Salas-Porras Jr. instructed Union Bank to close Parallax’s account and to transfer all funds to the New World account at State National in El Paso. The face of the letter indicates it was sent to Union Bank by Salas-Porras Jr. from El Paso. The letter also reflects originating fax and telephone numbers with an El Paso area code, where Salas-Porras Jr. stated he could be contacted that afternoon.
Other correspondence from the records of Union Bank demonstrate that Salas-Porras Jr. maintained an office in El Paso. Also, records from State National/MBank and Dean Witter show that Salas-Porras Jr. maintained the following addresses in El Paso: 11220 Rojas; 8900 Viscount; and P.O. Box 370810. Even according to federal tax returns and IRS records, Salas-Porras Jr. maintained books and records of Parallax in El Paso, was a “general agent” in the United States for Parallax, and listed his address as a P.O. Box in El Paso.
Given the weight of evidence produced by Plaintiff regarding Salas-Porras Jr.’s contacts with the forum state, the Court does not credit the assertions in his Declaration. The Court thus finds that Salas-Porras Jr. purposefully availed himself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas, as described above. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given these minimum contacts, the Court finds that Salas-Porras Jr. — who resided in a foreign border state while he took advantage of the banking and investment'industries in a sister border state in the United States— should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Salas-Porras Jr., pursuant to International Shoe and its progeny.
Carlos Salas-Porras Romero
Salas-Porras Sr. resides in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. The evidence provided by Plaintiff shows that Salas-Por-ras Sr. is a shareholder, representative, and managing director of Parallax. He had signatory authority on Parallax’s accounts maintained at MBank and State National, as well as Parallax’s Dean Witter account — all in El Paso. He opened the Dean Witter account in El Paso for Parallax and signed several contracts with Dean Witter relating to the account. He authorized transfers out of Parallax’s MBank account, including several transfers to other Defendants, by checks he signed. According to State National records, Salas-Porras Sr. had signatory authority over and access to a safe deposit box in El Paso maintained by Parallax. MBank and State National records list Salas-Porras Sr.’s addresses as 8900 Viscount; 11220 Rojas Drive; and 10978 Montwood Drive — also all in El Paso.
Plaintiff provided convincing evidence showing that Salas-Porras Sr. participated in the transfer and deposit of funds into numerous accounts in El Paso and abroad. For example, over $600,000 in Registry funds were transferred from MBank to or for the benefit of Salas-Porras Sr. :Some payments made to Salas-Porras Sr. from the MBank account were deposited into the Union Bank account of Parallax. Also, Salas-Porras Sr. authorized the transfer of over $260,000 in Registry funds from Parallax’s Union Bank account in New York to a Union Bank account in Switzerland. In fact, Union Bank records show that Salas-Porras Sr. corresponded with Union Bank (in New York) using the return address, 8900 Viscount, El Paso. Further, Rukubi, Salas-Porras Sr.’s company, received over $490,000 in Registry funds from Parallax. Parallax transferred the Registry funds from its MBank account to the MBank account of Rukubi for the purpose of paying Salas-Porras Sr. personally. Similarly, Parallax made payments from its Union Bank account to Salas-Porras Sr. personally through the New World account at State National. To be sure, all the funds involved in these transfers are the subject of this cause.
. As with Salas-Porras Jr., the Court finds that Salas-Porras Sr. purposefully availed himself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given these minimum contacts, Salas-Porras Sr. — who resided in a foreign border state while he took advantage of,the banking and investment industries in a sister border state in the United States — should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Salas-Porras Sr. See, e.g., Burger King Corp., 471. U.S. at 474, 105 S.Ct. at 2183.
Virginia Salas-Porras de Cano, Aurora Salas-Porras Romero, and Elvira Salas Porras de Lugo
Defendants V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. Salas-Porras reside in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. They are shareholders and representatives of Parallax. They invested in Parallax to purchase the Americas property, apparently because of the strong real estate market in Texas. They are related to Salas-Porras Jr. and Salas-Porras Sr. According to evidence provided by Plaintiffs, Parallax transferred hundreds of thousands of dollars to V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. Salas-Por-ras during the pendency of the condemnation litigation. Parallax paid Registry funds to them by checks drawn on Parallax’s MBank account.
As to V. Salas-Porras, bank records submitted by Plaintiff reveal that Parallax made four transfers of Registry funds totaling almost $400,000 to her on separate cheeks. She endorsed the checks and deposited them into her bank accounts at State National and MBank in El Paso.
Parallax made three similar transfers of Registry funds to A. Salas-Porras totaling just under $300,000 of Registry funds on separate checks. She endorsed each check and deposited them into her account at MBank in El Paso.
Parallax also made four transfers of Registry funds to E. Salas-Porras totaling almost $400,000 by four separate checks. E. Salas-Porras endorsed and deposited the checks into her bank account with MBank in El Paso.
Through this cause, the City is seeking to recover these transfers of Registry funds. The pertinent facts relating to the transfers all occurred in Texas, namely, the deposit of Registry funds from a Texas state court into Texas bank accounts of Parallax, the transfer of these funds by checks drawn on the Texas bank accounts, and the endorsing and depositing of the checks by Defendants V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. Salas-Por-ras into their own accounts in El Paso.
The Court finds that Y. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. Salas-Porras purposefully availed themselves to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of, action. Given these minimum contacts, V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. .Salas-Porras — who resided in a foreign border state while they took advantage of the banking and investment industries in a sister border state in the United States— should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over them, pursuant to International Shoe and its offspring.
Patricia Medrano Hernandez
Defendant Medrano resides in Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. She is the wife of Salas-Porras Sr. Bank records show that Medrano received a transfer of $50,000 in Registry funds from the MBank El Paso account of Parallax. The check was deposited into her MBank account in El Paso. The Court is aware of no evidence of consideration in exchange for the transfer of the $50,000. ’
Medrano also received an additional transfer of funds out of the Parallax MBank El Paso account in the amount of about $107,000 during the pendency of the condemnation litigation with the City. The check was endorsed by Medrano and deposited into her' MBank account in El Paso.
The Court finds that Medrano purposefully availed herself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given- these minimum contacts, Medrano — who resided' in a foreign border state while she took advantage of the banking and investment industries in a sister border state in the United States — should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Medrano, under International Shoe and subsequent cases.
Esther Salas-Porras
Defendant E. Salas-Porras resides in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. She is related to Salas-Porras Jr. E. Salas-Porras received only one allegedly fraudulent transfer, which is the subject of Plaintiffs Complaint. The timing of the transfer, however, is highly suspect because it occurred on June 18, 1993 — the day after a jury returned a verdict in favor of Plaintiff.
The June 18 transfer occurred at the request of Salas-Porras Jr. He asked that the Parallax State National account be closed and that all remaining funds in the account be transferred to E. Salas-Porras. On the same date, a cashier’s check was drawn on the State National account payable to E. Salas-Porras, and was deposited into a State National account in El Paso. The June 18 transfer resulted in the closing of the Parallax account with State National.
The Court finds that E. Salas-Porras purposefully availed herself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given these minimum contacts, E. Salas-Porras — who resided in a foreign border state while she took advantage of the. banking and investment industries in a sister border state in the United States — should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. See Ruston Gas Turbines, 9 F.3d at 419 (even a single act by a non-resident defendant directed to a forum state can be enough to confer “specific jurisdiction” if the act gives rise to the cause of action being asserted). The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over E. Salas-Porras, pursuant to International Shoe and its progeny.
Rukubi, S.A. de C.V.
Defendant Rukubi is a company of Salas-Porras Sr. and is located in Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. By transfer dated September 16,1991, Rukubi received a transfer of Registry funds in the amount of $490,-000 from the MBank El Paso account of Parallax. This transfer was made by Parallax to Rukubi to pay Salas-Porras Sr. personally. Moreover, Rukubi received at least eight other transfers from the State National account of Parallax totaling over $425,000 during the pendency of the litigation with Plaintiff. Many of these transfers were by checks deposited into a Rukubi account with State National in El Paso. State National records show that Rukubi maintained an account there and it appears, from cheeks drawn on that account, that Salas-Porras Jr. was a signatory on the account. These records also show that Rukubi used the same business office as Parallax and New World in El Paso at 8900 Viscount.
The Court finds that Rukubi purposefully availed itself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given these minimum contacts, Rukubi should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Ruku-bi. See, e.g., Burger King Corp., 471 U.S. at 474, 105 S.Ct. at 2183.
New World Trading Company Ltd.
New World is incorporated under the laws of the British West Indies. Its principal place of business is in Mexico. Salas-Porras Jr. and Salas-Porras Sr. are directors of New-World. New World maintained an account at State National in El Paso. There were numerous transfers from the MBank account of Parallax iri El Paso to accounts of New World at State National in El Paso, which are the subject of this cause. For instance, Parallax transferred $200,000 in Registry funds to New World to pay Salas-Porras Sr. personally. Parallax also made payments to Salas-Porras Sr. through New World accounts at State National in El Paso. Bank records from MBank and State National also show that over $1.1 million in additional funds were transferred by Parallax to New World during the pendency of the condemnation litigation with Plaintiff. Several of these transfers were made from the Parallax MBank and State National El Paso accounts to New World accounts in El Paso.
Furthermore, within one week after the jury returned its verdict in favor of the City in state court, the Parallax account in Union Bank was closed and all remaining funds were transferred to a New World account at State National in El Paso. The instruction to close the Parallax account and to transfer the funds to New World was made from El Paso by a letter signed by Salas-Porras Jr. and dated June 23,1993.
What is more, in a move characterized as surreptitious by Plaintiff, the name on the Dean Witter account of Parallax was changed to New World. The changing of the name occurred in El Paso. According to Dean Witter records, the addresses of New World are in El Paso. These addresses — 8900 Viscount, and 11220 Rojas — are the same addresses used by Parallax and other Defendants. Records also show that there were transfers of funds from the Parallax Dean Witter account to a New World account in El Paso during the pendency of the condemnation litigation with Plaintiff. These transactions and transfers concerning the Dean Witter accounts of Parallax and New World occurred in El Paso and are the subject of Plaintiffs Complaint.
Through the numerous transactions described above, the Court finds that New World purposefully availed itself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Given these minimum contacts, New World should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. Pursuant to International Shoe and its progeny, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over New World.
Waks Development Corporation
Waks is a Panamanian corporation with its principal place of business in Mexico. It maintained a bank' account with MBank in Él Paso, with Salas-Porras as ■ signatory of the account. Waks has received numerous transfers from Parallax during the pendency of the litigation with Plaintiff, totaling about $515,000. According to MBank records, these transfers were made by checks drawn on Parallax’s MBank account, endorsed by Waks, and deposited into a Waks account at MBank in El Paso. These transfers also aré -the subject of Plaintiffs Complaint.
The Court finds that Waks purposefully availed itself to the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing sufficient minimum contacts with Texas. The Court further finds that these minimum contacts arise from, or are directly related to the cause pf action. Given these minimum contacts, Waks should have reasonably anticipated being haled into court in Texas. The Court concludes that Plaintiff has established the first requirement for the Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Waks, pursuant to International Shoe and its progeny.
Traditional Notions of Fair Play and Substantial Justice Analysis
Having found all Defendants have had sufficient minimum contacts with the forum state to meet the first requirement of the specific personal jurisdiction analysis, the Court now addresses the second element of the inquiry. Under the second element, the Court must determine whether exercising personal jurisdiction over Defendants offends traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. See, e.g., Asahi, 480 U.S. at 113, 107 S.Ct. at 1033. This analysis involves examining 1) the defendant’s burden; 2) the forum state’s interest; 3) the plaintiff’s interest in convenient and effective relief; 4) the judicial system’s interest in efficient resolution of controversies; and 5) the shared interest of the states in furthering fundamental substantive social policies. Id.; World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., 444 U.S. at 292, 100 S.Ct. at 564; Gundle Lining, 85 F.3d at 207. As explained below, the Court finds Plaintiff also has established the second requirement for this Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Defendants.
Here, the Defendants’ burden in defending themselves in this forum is not great. All are from the neighboring state of Chihuahua, Mexico; most are from the city of Chihuahua or Cd. Juarez. Unlike the burden in Asahi, where the nonresident party had to travel to California from Japan for a claim for indemnification, Defendants are only a short drive away from El Paso, wherein the minimum contacts occurred and where this Court is located. See Asahi, 480 U.S. at 114-15. In light of the realities of today’s global economy — with business routinely conducted across international boundaries, especially along the United States and Mexico border, and the efficiency of modern transportation and communications — it is reasonable for the Court to exercise jurisdiction over Defendants who clearly have taken advantage of the conveniences found in a neighboring border city. See Burger King Corp., 471 U.S. at 474, 105 S.Ct. at 2183 (“because ‘modem transportation and communications have made it much less burdensome for a party sued to defend himself in a State where he engages in economic activity,’ it usually will not be unfair to subject him to the burdens of litigating in another forum for disputes relating to such activity.” (citing McGee v. International Life Ins. Co., 355 U.S. 220, 223, 78 S.Ct. 199, 201, 2 L.Ed.2d 223 (1957))); World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., 444 U.S. at 292-94, 100 S.Ct. at 565 (the “guarantor against inconvenient litigation” is eroding because of the “fundamental transformation in the American economy”).
The State of Texas certainly has a great interest in the outcome of this litigation, as does Plaintiff, the City of El Paso. The subject matter of this cause concerns funds that could go to the City’s coffers thereby benefit-ting its citizens, who also are residents of Texas. Up to this point in the litigation, all prior proceedings have been conducted in Texas state courts, each rendering decisions in favor of Plaintiff. Plaintiff undoubtedly has expended much time and money pursuing their claim in several judicial fora both at the state and federal level. Plaintiff and the state of Texas have a clear vested interest in seeing this matter brought to a conclusion. See Burger King Corp., 471 U.S. at 473, 105 S.Ct. at 2182-83 (“[a] State generally has a ‘manifest interest’ in providing its residents with a convenient forum for redressing injuries inflicted by out-of-state actors.”).
The interest of the judicial system in efficient resolution of controversies also is great. As noted above, this cause comes by way of several state court proceedings, including appeals to the highest court in Texas. This Court now has the opportunity to bring closure to the matter on the merits if and when the opportunity arises, thereby bringing an efficient resolution to a matter that already has been disposed of on its merits in state court.
Respecting that “[gjreat care and reserve should be exercised when extending our notions of personal jurisdiction into the international field,” United States v. First National City Bank, 379 U.S. 378, 404, 85 S.Ct. 528, 542, 13 L.Ed.2d 365 (1965) (Harlan, J., dissenting), the Court finds that the United States and Mexico surely have a shared interest in seeing disputes of this nature resolved as expeditiously as possible. This finding is based largely on the fact that it would be reasonable for the Court to exert jurisdiction over Defendants, particularly because they do not face serious burdens in defending themselves in this forum relative to the great interest of Plaintiff and the forum state in this cause. See Asahi, 480 U.S. at 115, 107 S.Ct. at 1034 (where the interest of other nations are considered, the inquiry focuses on the reasonableness of exercising jurisdiction over the nonresident).
Finally, even if a court finds that a plaintiff has established a prima facie case for exercising personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, the defendant “must present a compelling ease that the presence of some other considerations would render jurisdiction unreasonable.” Burger King Corp., 471 U.S. at 477, 105 S.Ct. at 2185. As discussed above, Plaintiff has shown a prima facie case for this Court to exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Defendants. Defendants, however, have not met their burden of showing such jurisdiction would be unreasonable.
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction each filed on November 24, 1997, in this cause are DENIED.
. Plaintiff spells the name of this Defendant as follows: "Rukibi.” However, Defendant spells its name as "Rukubi.” The Court adopts the latter spelling.
. Plaintiff originally filed this cause on September 30, 1997, in the 327th District Court of El Paso, County, Texas, cause number 97-3268. By Notice of Removal filed on October 30, 1997, Defendants removed the cause to this Court on diversity grounds.
. What follows is a summary of the factual allegations in the City’s Complaint. For purposes of determining jurisdiction without an evidentiary hearing, uncontroverted allegations in a plaintiff's complaint are to be taken as true. See, e.g., WNS, Inc. v. Farrow, 884 F.2d 200, 204 (5th Cir.1989). The Court also considered Declarations of Es. Salas-Porras, Salas-Porras Jr., Salas-Porras Sr., V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, E. Salas-Porras, Medrano, Rukubi, New World, and Waks submitted with the Motions and briefs, and the duly authenticated exhibits attached to Plaintiff s Response.
.MBank later changed its name to State National Bank ("State National”). As a side note, State National has since changed to Norwest Bank.
. Parallax supposedly objected to Plaintiff's request for' post-Judgment discovery; however, the state court ordered Parallax to comply with the requests. ' Parallax, Plaintiff represents, produced limited information and incomplete bank records. Plaintiff then obtained additional bank records by way of subpoena.
. The total amounts of Registry fund transfers alleged are as follows: to Salas-Porras Jr. in the amount of $549,101; to Salas-Porras Sr. in the amount of $260,175; to E. Salas-Porras in the amount of $379,998; to V. Salas-Porras in the ' amount of $397,998; to A. Salas-Porras in the amount of $297,998; to Medrano in the amount of $50,000; to Rukubi in the amount of $490,-000; and to New World in the amount of $200,-000.
.The total amounts of non-Registry fund transfers alleged are as follows: to Salas-Porras Jr. in the amount of $463,963; to Medrano in the amount of $107,813; to E. Salas-Porras in the amount of $25,161; to New World in the amount of $1,117,158; to Rukubi in the amount of $425,-902; and to Waks in the amount of $515,000.
. As of the date of this Order, Defendants have not filed an answer and thus have not controverted any of the factual allegations made by the City in its Complaint. Defendants did, however, file Declarations in support of their Motions.
. In his Declaration, Salas-Porras Jr. avers he does not and has never maintained a place of business or office in Texas; does not have a registered agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees or agents in Texas; has never owned, leased, rented, or controlled real property in Texas; has never paid taxes in Texas; has never advertised in Texas; and, aside from one bank account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
.Sworn affidavits filed in state court indicate that Salas-Porras Jr.’s address is 11220 Rojas in El Paso. However, Salas-Porras Jr. states in his Declaration filed with this Court that he has never maintained an office or place of business in Texas. For purposes of this Motion the- Court credits the representations made by Plaintiff in this regard. See, e.g., Rustan Gas Turbines, 9 F.3d at 418.
.The Court additionally finds that Salas-Porras Jr.’s contacts with the forum state are sufficiently systematic and continuous for the exercise of general jurisdiction over him. See Helicópteros, 466 U.S. at 414 n. 9, 104 S.Ct. at 1872 n. 9.
. In his Declaration, Salas-Porras Sr. states he does not maintained an office in Texas; has never had a registered agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees or agents in Texas; does not own, lease, rent, or control real property in Texas; has never paid taxes in Texas; has never advertised in Texas; and has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
. The Court notes that in his -Declaration filed in support of dismissal, Salas-Porras Sr. states that he does not maintain an office or own, lease, or control property in Texas. He does not state, however, that he has "never” maintained an office, residence, or property in Texas, as some of the other Defendants’ Declarations so state.
. In their Declarations, V. Salas-Porras, A. Salas-Porras, and E. Salas-Porras assert they do not and have never maintained a place of business or office in Texas; have never had a registered agent for service in Texas; do not have and never have had employees or agents in Texas; do not own, lease, rent, or control real property in Texas; have never paid taxes in Texas; have never advertised in -Texas; and have no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
. Although these Defendants indicate in their Declarations that they currently do not have bank accounts in Texas, they do not aver that they never have had bank accounts in Texas.
. Defendants rely on Ramirez v. Lagunes, 794 S.W.2d 501 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1990, no writ) and Potkovick v. Regional Ventures, Inc., 904 S.W.2d 846 (Tex.App.—Eastland 1995, no writ) for the proposition that mere ownership of a bank account or real property in the State of Texas will not submit a non-resident defendant to personal jurisdiction. However, Ramirez dealt with a general jurisdiction analysis because the cause of action was not related to the-account, unlike here where the Court is weighing whether it has. specific personal jurisdiction over these Defendants where the accounts are related to the cause of action. See 794 S.W.2d at 504. In Potkovick, the- court found specific jurisdiction existed over a non-resident defendant where the cause of action related to the defendant’s one asset in the forum state. See 904 S.W.2d at 848, 850.
. In her Declaration, Medrano avers she does not have and never has maintained a place of business or office in Texas; has never had a registered agent for service in Texas; does not ■ have and never has had employees or agents in Texas; does not own, lease rent or control real property in Texas; has never paid taxes in Texas; has never advertised in Texas; and, except for a single bank account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
. The' báck of this check, like others submitted as evidence in the instant Motion, shows an account number beginning with "748,” indicating a deposit into an MBank or State National account.in El Paso.
. In her Declaration, E. Salas-Porras indicates she does not have and never has maintained a place of business, office, or telephone number in Texas; has never had a registered agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees or agents in Texas; has never paid taxes in Texas; has never advertised in Texas; and, except for a single bank account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
. A judgment of about $1.4 million subsequently was rendered against Parallax in favor of Plaintiff. ■
. In its Declaration, Rukubi avers that it does not have and never has maintained a place of business or office in Texas; has never had a registered agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees in Texas; has never owned, leased, rented, or controlled real property in Texas; has never paid taxes in Texas; has never advertised in Texas; and, except for a single bank account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
.The record does not show precisely where in Mexico New World is located. In its Declaration, New World asserts it does not have and never has maintained a place of business or office in Texas; has never had a registered agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees in Texas; does not lease or rent real property in Texas; maintains a single account ■ at Dean Witter in El Paso; has never advertised in Texas; and, except for the Dean Witter account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
. The record does not show precisely where in Mexico Waks is located. In its Declaration, Waks indicates it does not have and never has maintained a place of business or-office in Texas; has never had a registered ‘agent for service in Texas; does not have and never has had employees in Texas; does not lease or rent real property in Texas, but owns a single piece of real property ,in El Paso; maintains a single account at Dean Witter in El Paso; has never advertised in Texas; and, except for’ the ‘ Dean Witter account and a bank account, has no tangible personal or real property or any other assets in Texas.
| CASELAW |
User:Lizard the Wizard/Daddy
Instances of the word "daddy" added by vandals:
* The following are from Von Miller over several months: | WIKI |
Madalena Announces Investor Conference Call for Wednesday April 11, 2018
BUENOS AIRES, Argentina, April 05, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Madalena Energy Inc. ("Madalena" or the "Company") (TSXV:MVN) (OTCQX:MDLNF) is pleased to announce that the Company plans to hold an investor conference call to discuss the Company’s operating and financial results for Q4 - 2017 on Wednesday April 11, 2018 at 08:00 am MDT (10:00 am EDT). This will follow the announcement of the Q4 -2017 results, which the Company will make on April 11, 2018.
To participate in the conference call, please dial:
(+1) 587 880 2171 (local dial in number)
(+1) 888 390 0546 (toll free dial in number North America
08006522435 (toll free dial in number in United Kingdom)
08004448221 (toll free dial in number in Argentina)
About Madalena Energy
Madalena is an independent, Canadian upstream oil and gas company with operations in four provinces of Argentina where it is primarily focused on the delineation of unconventional oil and gas resources. The Company is implementing horizontal drilling and completions technology to develop both its conventional and resource plays.
Madalena trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol MVN and on the OTCQX under the symbol MDLNF.
For further information please contact:
Jose David Penafiel
Chief Executive Officer
email: info@madalenaenergy.com
phone: (403) 262-1901 Alejandro Augusto Penafiel
Director
email: info@madalenaenergy.com
phone: (403) 262-1901 Reader Advisories
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Service Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Source:Madalena Energy, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Public | Automated Build
Last pushed: 2 years ago
Short Description
Short description is empty for this repo.
Full Description
Docker Easy Load Balancer
Experimental automagic load balancing for Docker web apps in less than 100 lines of bash.
Initial setup
On Ubuntu 14.04 hosts, you'll need to install libnss-resolver
and run:
apt-get install dnsmasq
echo "nameserver 127.0.0.1:5353" | sudo tee -a /etc/resolver/docker.dev
I suppose you are able to do something similiar when using Macs + Vagrant
/ boot2docker but I don't own a Mac to put the pieces
together, LMK if you know how to make this work over there and I'll update the docs
accordingly
Try it
Launch the load balancer and DNS server:
git clone https://github.com/fgrehm/docker-easy-lb.git
cd docker-easy-lb
./launch-host
And verify if things are working:
# Is DNS working?
$ ping hello.docker.dev
PING hello.docker.dev (172.17.0.175) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.175: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.175: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.175: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.150 ms
^C
# Can we reach the load balancer?
$ curl hello.docker.dev
<html>
<head>
<title>404 - No application configured for this subdomain</title>
<style>
# Lets start a web server exposing the 3000 port
$ docker run -d --name hello -h hello -p 3000 ubuntu:14.04 python3 -m 'http.server' 3000
4e2731f1d2919e9a1259d9c4439e8cfb9953e8d6debbe9f64f66b8455b2ea002
# And verify that the app has been addded to the load balancer
$ curl hello.docker.dev
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ascii">
<title>Directory listing for /</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Directory listing for /</h1>
<hr>
<ul>
....
# Don't forget to clean up
$ docker rm -f hello
How does it work?
When the launch-host script gets run, it will start a dnsmasq server
on your machine pointing any address under *.docker.dev to a fgrehm/easy-lb
container that has the Docker socket /var/run/docker.sock bind mounted inside it. From
there it will use supervisord to kick off Redis +
Hipache + a "service" that will
register a Docker events listener
that responsible for registering / deregistering containers that
expose a port normally used by web apps.
It does not depend on any other tool apart from Docker and dnsmasq itself but it
plays really well with devstep, fig
and basically anything that creates Docker containers that is able to expose the
following ports:
• 80
• 3000
• 4000
• 4567
• 5000
• 8080
• 9000
• 9292
Troubleshooting
For some reason that I don't know yet the DNS / load balancer combo stopped
working every now and then during the early days of this project when a container
got removed. Even my Chrome browser crashed sometimes when the dnsmasq started
misbehaving.
When that happens I first try restarting the dnsmasq server launched by the
launch-host script and if it still doesn't work I run:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ubuntu14-libnss-resolver
docker rm -f easy-lb
./launch-host
If it still doesn't make things work please create an issue with as much information
as possible on how to consistently reproduce your problem.
TODO
• Configurable domains
• Register existing containers when bringing the load balancer up
• Create a small app that lists configured apps from docker.dev
• Redirect to list of configured apps in case an invalid domain is accessed
• Provide an example of an init script
• Create an entrypoint that performs some validation before starting supervisord
• Clean up / document code
• Try to setup dnsmasq as part of the load balancer container
Inspiration
https://github.com/crosbymichael/skydock
Docker Pull Command
Owner
fgrehm
Source Repository | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Need to install a SATA drive, but have no floppy drive... grrr
Discussion in 'Hardware' started by JMowery1987, Jul 12, 2006.
1. Ok, so I just purchased a 250 gig Western Digital SATA drive OEM from newegg.com, and it got here, but I found out that I need to install SATA drivers.
Problem is, I need to boot from the Windows XP CD to do that, and when I do, it says I need a floppy drive with the drivers on it.
I have a cd with the drivers on it, but have no access to a floppy drive. Surely someone has to have a way to install SATA drivers without using a floppy.
Why can't you install the SATA drivers from within Windows XP?
It's just driving me nuts.
On a lighter note, the DVD drive I purchased along with it works great.
But dangit, I need to get this drive to work. Someone help!!! :p
Oh btw:
I'm running an Asus A7n8X-E Deluxe mobo.
2. hcour
hcour Guest
I ran into the same problem on my previous system about a yr ago. I was like, "Is this thing asking for a floppy? WTF? Did I just time-warp back to 1998? Do they even make floppies anymore? Is this some kind of glitch?'
Anyway, if nothing else, I bet one of your friends has an old fd sitting around somewhere gathering dust. Or you could buy a used one for about a buck and a quarter.
H
3. Uggggggggh.
I buy new technology, only to end up having to resort to some forms of the oldest technology, floppies being quite old.
So here is what I'm doing.
I'm figuring it will be another week or so until I'm set up at this firm, so I'm just going to install Windows Vista and screw around with that. Plus I believe it said you can load drivers from a cd with vista. Then while I'm running Vista, i'll compile a new Windows XP cd that has the drivers included on it like that website suggested.
Still drives me nuts that I throw away my floppy drive almost a month ago since I hadn't used it in at least 2 1/2 years and NOW i need it!
Why do we got plug & play monitors, webcams, printers, but have yet to figure out hard drives. Technology is wonderful, and annoying at the same time.
4. Banjo
Banjo
The Asus mother board should have a cd, there will be an option to install sata drivers on it. Try the asus web site for drivers if you don't have the cd.
There are apparently a plethora of problems with the vista beta.
5. hcour
hcour Guest
Oh, whoops. I didn't even notice you had the ASUS mb. That's what I've got in my new system and I had no trouble installing 2 SATA drives. It's a great mb.
H
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Djzareee
Cool shit happens Album Cool shit happens is an album made by Ahmad zaree in which knows as " dj zareee" The following album was released in 2017 May And was finished in 4th if September 2017 This album contains popular remixes of popular songs. | WIKI |
Building up some Microservices, Breaking up the Monolith #2 – Dockerising the Monolith
By | 2 March, 2019
Docker as a technology seems to divide the community, some say its a good solution to the problem of packaging up your software that collects all of your dependencies and then stamps them into a repeatable deployable package….others say its been done before with other technologies or that its a security problem waiting to happen since all of the dependencies you’ve placed in the container are locked at a particular version and not updatable.
If you’ve got a pipeline around it thet can regenerate your deployable package in a repeatable and testable way (which is what we’re aiming to do with this series), then my opinion tends to be with the former. We can use these repeatable blocks to create something complex yet easy to support. *BUT* we do have to make sure its automated and repeatable…..
Lets make our first immutable building block.
Here are the basics of Docker (and yes, there are books and books more on this topic alone, however I’m purely going for the minimum here…)
Docker Images are like Templates. We can use any templates stored in a Docker Registry and use that as a basis to create a new Image. (If you want to have a look at what images you can build on top of, search google for docker hub). To create a new Image, stored locally, we’ll use the “docker build” command in combination with a “DockerFile”
Docker Containers are the running version of an Image. They are an “instance” of that image that can run. To execute a container we’ll use “docker container run”
We’ll get to registries, and docker pulls in another article.
We’re going to use my example hosted at https://github.com/r3adm3/monolithsvc (commit: 4d9481801d9ed7b45f380ecb6b3ab6187fcd3fed) to save you (for now) from doing some coding.
If you look at the docker file in the monolithsvc/monolithsvc folder you’ll find a docker file which we can use to build a new image.
For now the aim is to build a docker image using a base image, and add our code to it. Lets go through my docker file one line at a time. Each of these lines, becomes a layer in our docker “onion”, this leads to the ability to reuse layers and speed up successive builds.
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1 AS builder
This instructs docker to use the mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1 image (pull it from docker hub or mcr.microsoft.com if necessary, or if its already in the local library just use that).
WORKDIR /source
Docker build working inside the container, then sets the working directory to “source”
COPY *.csproj .
RUN dotnet restore
…this copies our project file from our Docker host into our image, and pulls down all of our Nuget dependencies.
COPY . .
RUN dotnet publish --output /app/ --configuration Release
copies the rest of our source into place, from Docker host into the SDK image, and creates a binary in the app folder.
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "monolithsvc.dll"]
and now the magic. Create another new image from the “mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1
” image, set the working directory to “app” and copy the contents of the app folder on the builder image to this one. “Entrypoint” defines the command that will run on invocation.
Here’s the whole file:
# Sample contents of Dockerfile (another test)
# Stage 1
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1 AS builder
WORKDIR /source
# caches restore result by copying csproj file separately
COPY *.csproj .
RUN dotnet restore
# copies the rest of your code
COPY . .
RUN find -type d -name bin -prune -exec rm -rf {} \; && find -type d -name obj -prune -exec rm -rf {} \;
RUN dotnet publish --output /app/ --configuration Release
# Stage 2
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "monolithsvc.dll"]
So how do we now build the image? Do this by:
docker build -t monolithsvc .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 123.9MB
Step 1/11 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1 AS builder
---> 9ab567a29502
Step 2/11 : WORKDIR /source
---> Using cache
---> a3865660feec
Step 3/11 : COPY *.csproj .
---> f288604a05eb
Step 4/11 : RUN dotnet restore
---> Running in 470e94685a37
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /source/monolithsvc.csproj (in 29.18 sec).
Removing intermediate container 470e94685a37
---> cb8af44c9f96
Step 5/11 : COPY . .
---> 68b936eaea5d
Step 6/11 : RUN find -type d -name bin -prune -exec rm -rf {} \; && find -type d -name obj -prune -exec rm -rf {} \;
---> Running in 27b126eb6c2b
Removing intermediate container 27b126eb6c2b
---> d7ac0ef9c649
Step 7/11 : RUN dotnet publish --output /app/ --configuration Release
---> Running in 8bdc5eb89d55
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 16.7.0-preview-20360-03+188921e2f for .NET
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /source/monolithsvc.csproj (in 866 ms).
monolithsvc -> /source/bin/Release/netcoreapp3.1/monolithsvc.dll
monolithsvc -> /source/bin/Release/netcoreapp3.1/monolithsvc.Views.dll
monolithsvc -> /app/
Removing intermediate container 8bdc5eb89d55
---> f728dea1188c
Step 8/11 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1
---> bdca989bc8d3
Step 9/11 : WORKDIR /app
---> Using cache
---> bf0c00033f92
Step 10/11 : COPY --from=builder /app .
---> a471287b9c9d
Step 11/11 : ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "monolithsvc.dll"]
---> Running in 94044c2fd3ef
Removing intermediate container 94044c2fd3ef
---> 218bd7169dbb
Successfully built 218bd7169dbb
Successfully tagged monolithsvc:latest
We should have a successful image in the local docker repo now, do a
docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
monolithsvc latest ecc207b7e994 5 minutes ago 256MB
as you can see the image id matches with the hash at the final step of the docker build. Cool.
Last but not least we should try and make it run:
docker container run --name testdoodad -p 8080:80 monolithsvc
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[35]
No XML encryptor configured. Key {20f00e1c-b3c9-4b3a-b1e8-b36e7bbc73eb} may be persisted to storage in unencrypted form.
Hosting environment: Production
Content root path: /app
Now listening on: http://[::]:80
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
…and test using a browser http://localhost:8080
Hopefully should all be nice and happy!
Source code at this point is here:
https://github.com/r3adm3/monolithsvc/commit/4d9481801d9ed7b45f380ecb6b3ab6187fcd3fed
Links to other articles in the series:
1. First a Monolith
…and a quick thx to SamM for going through this today 9/3/2021. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bristol Sycamore
The Bristol Type 171 Sycamore is an early helicopter developed and built by the helicopter division of the Bristol Aeroplane Company. The name refers to the seeds of the sycamore tree, Acer pseudoplatanus, which fall with a rotating motion. It has the distinction of being the first British helicopter to receive a certificate of airworthiness, as well as being the first British-designed helicopter to be introduced by and to serve with the Royal Air Force (RAF).
Typically capable of seating up to three passengers, the type was often used as a transport for both passengers and cargo alike. In RAF service, the Sycamore was normally used in the search and rescue and casualty evacuation roles. The type proved the value of rotorcraft to easily traverse inhospitable or otherwise inaccessible terrain; the Sycamore made valuable contributions to British military activities during the Malayan Emergency, the Cyprus Emergency, and the Aden Emergency, in addition to other operations.
In addition to its British military service, various models of the Sycamore were produced and operated by a number of users, including overseas military operations and civil customers. Civilian operations typically involved transportation, mountain rescue, and aerial survey work. In 1959, production of the Sycamore ended after 180 rotorcraft had been completed.
Development
During the Second World War, new methods of aircraft propulsion were devised and experimented with; in particular, breakthroughs in rotary aircraft, such as gyrocopters and helicopters, were making such aircraft more practical. In 1944, Bristol established a specialised helicopter division shortly after the Allied invasion of Europe, when engineers from the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment (AFEE) at Beaulieu became available. The AFEE had been conducting its own work on the development of rotorcraft designs under the noted helicopter pioneer Raoul Hafner; however, the successful use of Airspeed Horsa and General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders during Operation Overlord had led to helicopter development being recognised as a priority. Hafner, whose company had been acquired by Bristol was promptly appointed by the company as the head of Bristol's new helicopter division.
In June 1944, work commenced on the development on a four-seat helicopter intended for both civil and military use; it was out of this programme that the Sycamore would emerge. During development, particular emphasis was assigned to the producing the necessary level of endurance of the rotorcraft's mechanical components. On 25 July 1947, the first prototype, VL958, which was powered by a 450 hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior (there being no suitable engine in the Bristol range), performed the type's maiden flight. In mid-1948, the third prototype, which had been built to the improved Sycamore Mk.2 standard, was completed; this model had been fitted with a 550 hp Alvis Leonides engine, the Leonides engine would become the standard powerplant for all subsequent Sycamore production. On 25 April 1949, a certificate of airworthiness was granted for the Sycamore, the first such to be granted to a British helicopter.
During the flight test programme, Bristol's key development pilots for the Type 171 included Charles "Sox" Hosegood and Col. Robert "Bob" Smith. In 1951, a Bristol-owned Sycamore Mk.2 was used during a series of deck landing trials performed on board the Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Triumph. An improved model of the helicopter, designated as the Sycamore Mk.3, was rapidly developed; it featured an increased capacity for five occupants, a wider fuselage and a shortened nose. A total of 23 Sycamore Mk.3s were produced, 15 of these were principally used for joint evaluation purposes by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Army Air Corps (AAC), and British European Airways (BEA).
Versions of the Sycamore up to and including the Mk.3A retained the standard two-seat cockpit layout, placing the pilot in the left-hand seat and the co-pilot in the right. However, on the main production model, designated Sycamore Mk.4, this seating arrangement was switched to the American practice of positioning the pilot's seat on the right. There were also a number of other developments that had featured upon the earlier versions, such as a four-door design, which had been standardised upon the Sycamore Mk.4. This version entered RAF service, receiving the military designation of HR.14.
Civil versions were not marketed under the Sycamore name, they were instead known simply as the Bristol Type 171. By May 1958, over 150 Sycamores had been manufactured and four units per month were being built.
Design
The Bristol Sycamore was one of the first production helicopters to be developed. Each Sycamore was manufactured with all of the necessary fixed fittings to enable it to be quickly adapted for any of six major roles: search and rescue, air ambulance, passenger transport, freight transport, aerial crane and dual instruction; it was also used for other specialised roles. The Sycamore seated four-to-five occupants, depending on the model; it was usually fitted with three folding canvas seats as well as a single rotating seat besides the pilot. In addition to the passenger cabin, it had a separate luggage compartment.
A specialised air ambulance model of the Sycamore was developed during the early 1950s. In this configuration, up to two patients were carried inside the cabin on stretchers stacked one above the other; this was different to the usual arrangement of the era of using externally-mounted "pods" for carrying patients. To provide the extra width necessary in the cabin, detachable Perspex blisters were fitted on each side of the cabin. The stretcher racks could be folded into the sides of the cabin, providing room for up to three sitting casualties instead; an electrical supply outlet was available for connecting electric blankets. Next to the pilot was a swivelling seat for a medical attendant.
The blades of the three-bladed main rotor were attached to the rotor head with lightweight interleaving steel plates while tie-rods carried the centrifugal tension loads. The blade levers were connected using ball joints to the arms of a control spider, the cone of which was actuated up and down by the collective pitch lever which changed the pitch of all the blades; an irreversible mechanism was used to prevent blade loads being transferred back to the control stick. The blades were supported when stationary or turning slowly by droop stops, which maintained a minimum clearance between the blade tips and the tailboom even in high winds; these stops were withdrawn above 100 rpm so that full freedom of movement for effective flight was possible.
The Sycamore was powered by a single Alvis Leonides piston engine of 550 hp. The engine was mounted below and to the rear of the main rotor on a flexible mounting to reduce vibrations transmitted to the helicopter structure. It was isolated in a fireproof enclosure which was fitted with fire detection and extinguishing equipment to meet certification requirements. Air was drawn through a forward-facing grill to cool the gearbox before passing through the engine cowling and leaving the fuselage. The engine power was controlled by the collective pitch lever. In order to maintain the rotor speed at its required setting fuel to the engine had to be automatically varied as the rotor pitch setting commanded by the pilot changed the load on the engine; fine adjustment of engine power was achieved by twisting the pitch lever. The Sycamore had a relatively high rotor speed for the era, which was claimed to give a smoother ride and be safer in the event of engine failure.
Operational history
From 1952 to 1955 the Sycamore was used for various trials by the Air-Sea Warfare Development Unit RAF which was stationed at RAF St. Mawgan. In April 1953, the Sycamore HR14 entered service with No. 275 Squadron of the RAF and went on to serve with nine squadrons in total. Various marks of Sycamore served with the RAF; they would primarily be used as air ambulances ( Sycamore HC.10 ), for Army communications ( Sycamore HC.11 ) and for search and rescue operations (Sycamore HR.12 to Sycamore HR.14). In 1953, No. 275 Squadron, equipped with Sycamores, became the RAF's first helicopter search and rescue squadron in Great Britain. The type was used by the RAF Central Flying School for pilot training purposes. In June 1953, a Sycamore towing a large RAF Ensign led a flypast by 640 British and Commonwealth aircraft at the Coronation Review of the RAF.
The Sycamore was heavily used during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), typically deploying Army foot patrols into the jungle. Numerous Sycamores were transferred to the Far East Air Force to participate in the conflict; however, the type was involved in a number of crashes in the region which had occurred as a result of tail or main rotor blade problems. In response, a series of blade trials were conducted prior to a modified blade design being adopted and Sycamore operations in the theatre being resumed. Following the end of most combat operations in August 1960, Sycamores remained in the region, including a detachment in Brunei, to support British forces stationed there to deter further aggression by Malayan communist guerrillas. The type also saw combat service with the RAF during the Cyprus Emergency and the Aden Emergency, in addition to other operations. In December 1971, the last of the RAF's Sycamores were officially retired; this had been due to critical parts having reached the end of their fatigue life. However 32 Squadron continued to operate two Sycamores until August 1972.
Fifty Sycamores were delivered to the German Federal Government. Three helicopters were produced for the Belgian Government for use in the Belgian Congo; it had been picked due to the type's good capabilities in tropical environments, as proven during its combat use in Malaysia. The Sycamore was the second helicopter type to be used by the Australian Defence Force; ten were delivered to the Royal Australian Navy.
The Sycamore was also used in a variety of civilian roles. A single example was used during the construction of the M1 motorway between London and Leeds; the type provided support in various roles, including to perform aerial surveying, communication across various sites, the carriage of both personnel and equipment, and the mitigation of flooding on the project. Sycamores operated by Australian National Airways were routinely available for charter, performing tasks such as the aerial surveying of mining claims, supply missions, and the transporting of equipment across the remote Outback areas of the nation.
Type 171
* Mk 1
* Prototype; two built.
* Mk 2
* Second prototype; one built.
* Mk 3
* Production model with five seats in a widened fuselage, with a shortened nose to improve visibility. 23 built, including Mk 3A.
* Mk 3A
* Civilian version with additional freight hold, two built for British European Airways.
* Mk 4
* This was the main production model and similar to the military version called Sycamore with a more powerful engine. 154 built.
Sycamore
* Sycamore HC.10
* (=Mk.3) one built for evaluation by the Army Air Corps as an air ambulance.
* Sycamore HC.11
* (=Mk.3) four built for evaluation by the Army Air Corps, as communications aircraft.
* Sycamore HR.12
* (=Mk.3A) four built for the RAF for evaluation as search and rescue aircraft.
* Sycamore HR.13
* (=Mk.3A) two built with rescue winches for the RAF for evaluation as search and rescue aircraft.
* Sycamore HR.14
* (=Mk.4) 85 built for the RAF, as search and rescue aircraft.
* Sycamore Mk.14
* three built for the Belgian Air Force, for use in the Belgian Congo.
* Sycamore Mk.50
* three built for the Royal Australian Navy, for search and rescue, and plane guard duties.
* Sycamore HC.51
* seven built for the Royal Australian Navy, for search and rescue, and plane guard duties.
* Sycamore Mk.52
* 50 built for the German Air Force and Navy.
Civil operators
* British European Airways
* Australian National Airways/Ansett-ANA
* Jayrow Helicopters
* Flying Bulls In 2013 the Flying Bulls by Red Bull reinstated one Sycamore
* Jayrow Helicopters
* Flying Bulls In 2013 the Flying Bulls by Red Bull reinstated one Sycamore
* Flying Bulls In 2013 the Flying Bulls by Red Bull reinstated one Sycamore
Military operators
* Royal Australian Air Force – Only two Sycamores were in service with the RAAF from 1951 to 1965. The two helicopters were used for general support duties at the Woomera Rocket Range in South Australia.
* Aircraft Research and Development Unit
* No. 1 Air Trials unit
* Royal Australian Navy
* 723 Squadron RAN
* 724 Squadron RAN
* Belgian Air Force: Belgium used three Mk.14B's (registered as B1/OT-ZKA, B2/OT-ZKB & B3/OT-ZKC) to equip the metropolitan power in the Congo with a rescue flight based at Kamina Air Base, Katanga Province. Used between 1954 and 1960.
* Luftwaffe
* German Navy
* Luftwaffe
* German Navy
* German Navy
* Royal Air Force
* Air-Sea Warfare Development Unit
* Central Flying School
* 22 Squadron
* 32 Squadron
* 84 Squadron
* 103 Squadron
* 110 Squadron
* 118 Squadron
* 194 Squadron
* 225 Squadron
* 228 Squadron
* 275 Squadron
* 284 Squadron
* 651 Squadron
* 657 Squadron
* No. 1563 (Helicopter) Flight RAF
* Army Air Corps
Australia
* On display
* Australian Fleet Air Arm Museum in Nowra
Stored or under restoration
* Sycamore A91-1, former RAAF, at the Australian National Aviation Museum in Moorabbin, Victoria
Austria
* Airworthy
* Sycamore HR.52 OE-XSY – Red Bull
* stored, on display for special events
* Waste Watchers Kehr Force One of MA48 (Vienna department for waste collection) trainee centre
* stored and used for technical training
* Bundesfachschule für Flugtechnik, Langenlebarn, ex D-HFUM
Belgium
* On display
* Sycamore HR.14 XG547 of the Royal Air Force at Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History in Brussels
Germany
* On display
* Sycamore HR.52 78+20 of the German Army at Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg
United Kingdom
* On display
* Sycamore 3 G-ALSX – The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare
* Sycamore 3 WA576 – Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum, Dumfries.
* Sycamore 3 WA577 – North East Aircraft Museum, Sunderland.
* Sycamore 3 WT933 – Newark Air Museum, Newark.
* Sycamore HR.12 WV781 – Caernarfon Airport Airworld Museum, Caernarfon
* Sycamore HR.12 WV787 – RAF Museum London.
* Sycamore HR.14 XG502 – Museum of Army Flying, Middle Wallop, Hampshire.
* Sycamore HR.14 XG518 – Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum, Flixton.
* Sycamore HR.14 XJ380 – Boscombe Down Aviation Collection, Old Sarum.
* Sycamore HR.14 XJ918 – RAF Museum Cosford, Cosford. This aircraft saw active service during the Malayan Emergency and was one of the last four Sycamores to be officially retired from RAF service in 1971. XJ918 was relocated to the RAF Museum Cosford in 1983. Relocated to Ulster Aviation Society in late 2022.
* Sycamore HR.14 XL824 – Aerospace Bristol, Filton.
* Sycamore HR.14 XL829 – The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare
* Sycamore HR.14 XE317 – South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum, Doncaster.
* Stored or under restoration
* Sycamore HR.14 XJ917 – Aerospace Bristol, Filton. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Two Towers (MUD) (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. Sandstein 07:19, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
The Two Towers (MUD)
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Article topic lacks significant coverage from reliable, independent sources. (?) It was a merge candidate in 2010 and the sourcing hasn't improved since then. A redirect to Middle-earth in video games would suffice. czar 06:27, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Video games-related deletion discussions. czar 06:27, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Comment: In 2010 I voted Keep or smerge-redirect while the AFD was closed as keep. I still feel the article can stand alone given the supporting references, however if a redirect is decided it should be performed as a proper merge, including the references because some are now hard to find online, being partly offline material published in the 1990s. The Nimrod Jones 1997 research paper that refers to this MUD is now archived here. My comment likely also applies to other internet topics from the 1980s and 1990s. -84user (talk) 08:00, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 02:15, 13 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. The coverage available is too trivial to say the GNG has been met, and I've tried extensively to find more coverage and failed. —chaos5023 (talk) 18:33, 16 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. The sources listed in the previous AfD are really unconvincing. A brief entry in a "best of the web" book? I would categorize that as similar to a database entry at AllMusic for a garage band. Sure, we've got proof in a reliable source that it exists, but I don't see that as significant coverage. However, Tolkien's immense popularity makes research difficult, so I guess there could be something better buried there. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 01:52, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
PRECIOUS-Gold clings near 3-month peak as U.S. rate hike views ease
* Fed’s Dudley warns of tighter financial conditions * Gold rose the most in 2 weeks on Wednesday * Top gold ETF holdings also at 3-month high * Coming Up: U.S. weekly jobless claims; 1330 GMT (Updates prices) By Manolo Serapio Jr MANILA, Feb 4 (Reuters) - Gold stayed near a three-month top on Thursday after marking its best day in two weeks, buoyed by expectations that global economic and financial headwinds could make it tough for the U.S. Federal Reserve to raise interest rates in the near term. Uncertainty around the timing of the next U.S. rate hike has burnished gold’s safe-haven draw that has been on full display since the year began as investors shunned risky assets. Spot gold was little changed at $1,142.32 an ounce by 0625 GMT, after rising as high as $1,145.60 on Wednesday, its loftiest since Oct. 30. Gold rallied 1.2 percent overnight, the biggest daily gain since Jan. 20. It has risen nearly 8 percent so far this year. William Dudley, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, said financial conditions have tightened considerably and the weakening global outlook could have “significant consequences” to the U.S. economy. Those comments dragged down the dollar overnight, adding to market expectations that the Fed was unlikely to raise rates again in March. U.S. rates rose for the first time in nearly a decade in December. BMI Research, part of ratings agency Fitch, said gold is now increasingly likely to move between $1,000 and $1,200 instead of pushing below $1,000 this year as it had previously thought. “The Federal Reserve will keep monetary policy looser than previously anticipated in the months ahead as global economic headwinds prompt officials to postpone their hiking plans until the second half of 2016,” BMI told clients in a note. Also cooling U.S. rate hike views, activity in the U.S. services sector slowed to a near two-year low in January. U.S. gold for April delivery was up 0.2 percent at $1,143.30 an ounce. Holdings of top gold-backed exchange-traded fund, SPDR Gold Trust, continued to rise, standing at 22.19 million ounces on Wednesday, the most since late October. Investor focus will soon turn to Friday’s nonfarm payrolls and INTL FCStone analyst Edward Meir said a weak outcome could sustain the dollar selloff. “If we get a stronger-than-expected reading, the pendulum might swing the other way, as the Fed ‘hawks’ recover lost ground in the debate,” said Meir. Economists polled by Reuters are looking for U.S. non-farm payrolls to increase by 190,000 in January, after rising by 292,000 in December. Other precious metals kept pace with gold’s gains. Spot silver was steady at $14.66 an ounce, not far below Wednesday’s three-month peak of $14.80. Spot platinum climbed nearly 1 percent to a one-month high of $887 an ounce and palladium rose 0.2 percent to $510.30 an ounce, near Wednesday’s one-month top of $515.54. (Reporting by Manolo Serapio Jr.; Editing by Ed Davies and Himani Sarkar) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How to Install apache2-utils in Ubuntu 18.04
Install apache2-utils by entering the following commands in the terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2-utils
Description:
Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers)
Provides some add-on programs useful for any web server. These include: - ab (Apache benchmark tool) - fcgistarter (Start a FastCGI program) - logresolve (Resolve IP addresses to hostnames in logfiles) - htpasswd (Manipulate basic authentication files) - htdigest (Manipulate digest authentication files) - htdbm (Manipulate basic authentication files in DBM format, using APR) - htcacheclean (Clean up the disk cache) - rotatelogs (Periodically stop writing to a logfile and open a new one) - split-logfile (Split a single log including multiple vhosts) - checkgid (Checks whether the caller can setgid to the specified group) - check_forensic (Extract mod_log_forensic output from Apache log files) - httxt2dbm (Generate dbm files for use with RewriteMap)
Homepage: http://httpd.apache.org/
Version: 2.4.29-1ubuntu4.1
Section: net | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Johann Gutslaff
Johann(es) Gutslaff (died 1657 in Tallinn) was a Baltic-German clergyman, scholar, Estonian language enthusiast, Bible translator, and folklore collector.
He studied at Greifswald University (1632) and at Leipzig University (1634).
In 1639 he came to Estonia. There he attended the Faculty of Theology at Tartu University. At the university, he also studied the South Estonian language. From 1641 to 1656 he was a pastor in Urvaste and there he wrote all his writings.
He died in 1657 in Tallinn, being infected by the plague.
Works
In 1648 he compiled the first grammar of South Estonian: "Observationes grammaticae circa linguam esthonicam".
Gutslaff wanted to translate whole Bible into South Estonian. He did not finish the translation. Until today, his translations of the Old Testament up to First Book of Kings are preserved. There are also indirect evidences, that some parts of the New Testament were translated by Gutslaff. | WIKI |
Kevin Cook
Kevin Lee Cook (born February 7, 1961) is an American basketball coach, and former collegiate athlete, who was most recently the women's basketball head coach at Winthrop University. He also serves as head coach/technical advisor of the Nigerian women's basketball U-19 National team. He served as the Nigerian National team coach from 2006 to 2008. Cook, was also an assistant coach for the WNBA Houston Comets from 1997 to 2007. In a 2011 interview with NCAA.com, Gallaudet All-American Easter Faafiti said of Cook: "He's like my father on the east coast. He has actually taught me a lot of things I never knew or realized about basketball or had even heard of before Coach Cook sat down and explained them to me."
Personal life
Cook was raised in Fremont, Ohio. He excelled in basketball where he was captain of the Fremont Ross High School basketball team. He graduated from Fremont Ross in 1979. He earned his bachelor's degree from Urbana University in 1983. It would be 27 years later until he received his master's degree in Administration from Gallaudet University in the Spring of 2010. Cook is also an author and motivational speaker. Cook is the son of Ruthie Eleanor and Herbert William Cook. He had one sister, Kelly, who died at age 48 in a house fire in Helena, Ohio. Cook met his wife at the Washington DC Cherry Blossom festival on Easter day in 2010. They married on May 26, 2011 at a private ceremony in South Lake Tahoe, CA. He has two daughters from a previous marriage—Keshana Yvette Cook and Kayla Janelle Cook.
In June 2008 Cook was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
Collegiate coaching
Cook became Head Coach of Women's Basketball at Gallaudet University on October 27, 2007. His best season at Gallaudet came in 2010-2011. That year Gallaudet won their first twenty games of the season, became nationally ranked, won the NEAC Conference Championship and participated in the NCAA tournament.
Cook was named Head Coach of Garden City Community College on April 11, 1983 and guided the team to two consecutive play-off spots. The 1994-95 team won 20 games and was ranked as high as No. 12 in the National Polls.
Winthrop University
Cook currently coaches the women's basketball team at Winthrop University in Rock Hill, SC. The team in 2013 had a stint in the WNIT before losing to Florida in the second round. Cook coached at Winthrop University as an assistant, before taking the head job in 2012. He has been credited with his fast-paced up and down the floor style of offense.
In 2014 Cook's second year at the helm he led the Lady Eagles of Winthrop University to their first ever Big South Conference Tournament Championship, which is an automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. The appearance marks the team's first appearance in school history. His two-year record at Winthrop is 45 victories and 21 losses. A winning percentage of 68%.
International experience
Cook served as an advance scout for the USA Women's National team in 2002. That USA team won a gold medal at the World Championships held in China.
In 2006, Cook became Head Coach of the Nigerian National Team and coached Nigeria in their first ever world Championships held in Brazil.
In the summer of 2007, Cook led the Nigerian National Team to an overall record of 14–3 in the all African Games (Silver Medal) and the Nations Cup competition.
In the summer of 2011, Cook served as Head Coach/Technical advisor of the Nigerian U-19 Women's Basketball Team. They participated in the World Championship held in Puerto Monte, Chile July 21–31.
Assistant coaching
Cook served as Assistant Coach under Women's Basketball Hall of Famer, Marian E. Washington at the University of Kansas from 1983 to 1993. He helped the Jayhawks to three Conference Championships; four NCAA appearances; and two WNIT berths. Cook served as Associate Coach at the University of Houston from 1995 to 1997. He then ventured into pro basketball becoming an assistant Coach to Naismith Hall of Fame Coach Van Chancellor. Cook was a part of the WNBA Houston Comets dynasty. The team captured the first four WNBA championships and made the playoffs nine out of the first ten years. Cook also served as assistant coach for the victorious West squad in the WNBA's first three All-Star games.
Honors and awards
* April 5, 2010 Cook named winner of WBCA prestigious Carol Eckman Award.
* October 2010 2010 Urbana University Athletic Hall of Fame.
* March 2011 NEAC Conference Coach of the Year
* March 2011 WBCA Region III Coach of the Year
* May 7, 2011 Urbana University Commencement Speaker | WIKI |
Accueil > Séminaires > Dendritic and cellular mechanisms of spatial representations in the brain
Dendritic and cellular mechanisms of spatial representations in the brain
Par Christoph Schmidt-Hieber (Institut Pasteur)
Le 26 Avril 2017 à 11h00 - Salle de réunion LJP (tour 32-33, 5ème étage)
Résumé
How are neuronal codes of the spatial environment generated at the
level of synapses, neurons, and neuronal circuits? Neurons in layer 2
of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC2) fire spikes at regular spatial
intervals. The periodic hexagonal firing pattern of such grid cells
forms a neuronal map that may provide the brain with an accurate
metric of space. To understand how grid cell firing is generated at
the synaptic, cellular and network level, we have combined
computational modelling, in vivo and in vitro recordings. Whole-cell
patch-clamp recordings from MEC neurons in mice navigating in a
virtual-reality (VR) environment showed that firing of MEC2 neurons
was driven by sustained slow membrane potential depolarizations during
firing field crossings, which was best predicted by a continuous
attractor network model of grid cell firing. To understand how MEC2
neurons integrate their synaptic inputs to form the grid cell code, we
combined patterned two-photon glutamate uncaging in vitro with
simulations of grid cell firing. We find that the dendrites of MEC2
neurons are highly excitable, exhibiting dendritic spikes and
supralinear input-output curves. Modelling shows that these nonlinear
dynamics can sharpen the precision of the temporal code and enhance
the robustness of the rate code, thereby supporting a stable and
accurate representation of space under varying environmental
conditions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Can I become a pilot if I have Diabetes?
It depends on what pilot license you want to have and where you want to fly.
There are 3 types of Medical Certificates: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Class 1 is the highest medical certificate and allows one to have the maximum privileges. Between these medical certificates, it is most likely that people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes will only get a hold of the Class 3 Medical Certificate through a special issuance procedure. The aspiring pilot or pilot must prove that they have controlled their blood glucose levels for at least six months. With the Class 3 Medical Certificate, you may fly private, as a student, as a flight instructor, as a sports pilot, or for recreational operations. The aspiring pilot or pilot needs to get regular health exams to maintain their license.
In most cases, if you have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, then you cannot possess a class 1 or class 2 medical certificate that allows you to become a commercial pilot but there are exceptions. The main reason is the concern that pilots with diabetes may suffer an episode of high or low blood sugar in flight that could lead to an emergency. This rule may also vary depending on where you are in the world. For instance, the United Kingdom and Canada allow pilots with diabetes to fly commercially if there is a second pilot in the cockpit. Recently, the Federal Aviation Administration also announced that the United States will also allow pilots with insulin-treated diabetes to fly for commercial airlines.
With medical advancements, proper protocols, and years of insulin-dependent pilots safely flying, highly qualified pilots with diabetes are able to fly commercially.
Check out our other FAQ questions related to health and physical:
Can I become a Pilot if I’m colorblind?
Can I become a pilot if I am wearing glasses or spectacles?
Is there a height requirement to become a pilot?
What are the medical requirements to become a pilot?
If you have any other questions kindly reach out to us and we will try to provide you with an answer!
Still have question? Let's talk!
Contact us whatsapp us | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PDA
View Full Version : Any Germans having luck with steam today?
Wolfenswan
19-04-2012, 06:00 PM
As it appears, lots (or even all) of German Steam users have troubles getting steam to launch today.
A simple "could not connect to Steam network" message will appear after the login which simply quits Steam, no chance to get into offline mode or whatsoever.
1166
Anyone out there who successfully managed to circumvent that issue, either by tricking Steam into offline mode or other means?
I'm not raging as I can still play the game I wanted to play anyway, but this is basically what all the doomsday prophets were talking off: No (obvious) way of accessing your games due to a hickup on Steam's side.
I bet Gabe will give me a TF2 item or similar worthless crap as compensation.
Fruppy
19-04-2012, 06:25 PM
Easy bypass.
1. Download Hotspot Shield to login under a different IP.
2. Turn off Hotspot Shield and play; ONLINE!
Mistabashi
19-04-2012, 06:26 PM
I've had issues in the past (with the old client) where Steam would refuse to go into offline mode if it detects an internet connection but can't connect (my internet was down), the solution being to physically disconnect from the modem/router (although I've had similar connection issues recently and Steam's offline mode has worked fine, your mileage may vary). Once you're in the client you can select the Steam server you want to connect to from the settings menu, so if there's an issue with the German servers you should be able to bypass it. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Robert Benjamin Young
Commander Robert Benjamin Young, RN (15 September 1773 – 26 November 1846) was an officer in the Royal Navy. His service in small ships led to his presence observing the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 from the deck of the tiny 10-gun cutter HMS Entreprenante (1799). Following this battle, Young performed well, acting as messenger and rescue boat during the storm, although the honour of carrying the dispatches back to England was given to John Richards Lapenotiere, commander of HMS Pickle; Young maintained that prior to the battle Admiral Nelson had promised this honour to him.
Early life
Born in 1773 at Douglas on the Isle of Man, Young joined his father's ship, the frigate HMS Severn in 1781, and passed for lieutenant ten years later in the buildup to the French Revolutionary Wars. He was however unable to gain a position of this rank until 1795, when he was sent to the Caribbean on HMS Thorn, and was commended for the capture of the French corvette Courier-National and for an armed landing on the island of St Vincent in which he was embroiled in the thick of the fighting but was unhurt. Sailing in HMS Bonne Citoyenne, he was an observer of the battle of Cape St. Vincent in 1797, and was badly wounded by a collapsing spar during a gun action a few weeks later. Returning for duty in 1798, Young participated in the defence of Gibraltar and was present in the aftermath of the Battle of the Nile, aiding in repairs and consolidation of the British fleet.
Battle of Trafalgar
He returned home on HMS Colossus, and witnessed her shipwreck in the Isles of Scilly before joining the ship of the line HMS Goliath and almost being wrecked on her too, when she was dismasted and almost capsized in the West Indies. Young was commended for his excellent conduct in this operation, and was even able to take some enemy prizes despite the battered nature of his ship. His reward for this was to be given command of the Entreprenante following the Peace of Amiens and to take her as a despatch vessel to Nelson's fleet off Cádiz. Young claimed for the rest of life that when the combined fleet emerged on 21 October, Nelson ordered him to remain close to HMS Victory, so that despatches home could be instantly sent off. No written record has survived of such an order, and Young could find no corroborating witnesses but Entreprenante did remain close to the Victory except when Victory was embroiled in the thick of the fight, where a single enemy broadside would have blasted Entreprenante matchwood.
Following the action and the subsequent death of Nelson, there was far too much to be done in terms of rescuing survivors, repairing ships and heading back to Cadiz to worry about dispatches. Young performed these duties heroically, even taking his little craft close to the blazing French ship Achille and taking off 161 survivors before escaping just as the ship's magazines exploded. Young also found the Bahama, whose Spanish crew had overthrown the British prize crew put aboard and were attempting to take the ship back to Cadiz. Thanks to Young's fast message to Admiral Collingwood, the Bahama was swiftly retaken.
Post Trafalgar
Young reportedly was "mortified" to discover Collingwood had sent his own despatch vessel, the Pickle under Lapenotiere to England with the reports of the victory, none of which even mentioned Young's part in the battle's aftermath. The bearer of such good news could expect wealth and promotion, which Lapenotiere did in fact receive. Young, who instead delivered duplicate despatches to Faro, was overlooked and ignored, missing the general promotion from which so many other captains benefitted. Young remained a lieutenant in the Entreprenante, where he spent the next two years on blockade duty off Brest, before being forced home by illness. Young was appointed first lieutenant of HMS Ulysses (1779) in 1809 and took part in the Walcheren Campaign, where he was the senior officer in charge of the flat-bottomed boats. In 1810, he finally made commander, 19 years after passing as a lieutenant. This was a mixed blessing, as Young's lack of influence again resulted in his being overlooked and passed over for seagoing commissions, a problem not aided by recurring bouts of ill health following the severe sickness he incurred in 1807. Shortly after, he was put on half pay and never served again.
In 1839, Young received a pension from the Greenwich Hospital but the remainder of his life was spent in bitter contemplation of what might have been had he performed the famous Trafalgar Way journey, and he died an impoverished and broken man in 1846. He was buried in Exeter near his home. | WIKI |
Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian
Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (8 March 1636 – 15 February 1703), known as the 4th Earl of Lothian from 1675 to 1701, was a Scottish nobleman. He was styled Lord Kerr until 1661 and Lord Newbattle from 1661 to 1675.
The eldest son of William Kerr, 3rd Earl of Lothian and Anne Kerr, he was born at Newbattle Abbey, Midlothian. He left Scotland and was educated at Leyden, Saumur, and Angers from 1651 to 1657. He unsuccessfully claimed the earldom of Roxburghe in 1658. In 1661, his father lost an additional dispute with the new Earl of Roxburghe over the use of the courtesy title of Lord Kerr; it was reserved for Roxburghe's heir, and Kerr was thereafter styled Lord Newbattle.
Lord Newbattle was a volunteer in the Dutch War of 1673. He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1675. Sworn a Privy Counsellor in January 1686, he was removed by James II in September. Lothian supported the Glorious Revolution and sat in the Convention of Estates of Scotland. He was appointed Lord Justice General of Scotland in 1689, holding the office until his death, and was re-appointed a privy counsellor by William III in 1690. In the same year, he succeeded his uncle Charles as Earl of Ancram.
He was Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland in 1692, and addressed the assembly with a speech advocating tolerance and liberality towards episcopal ministers wishing to be received into the Kirk, in harmony with the King's recommendations. However, the Assembly proved hostile, and the proposal was not taken up. He was created Marquess of Lothian on 23 June 1701, and was appointed Justice-General and a commissioner to treat for the union of Scotland and England in 1702. He did not see the project out, as he died in the following year.
Personal life
Lothian married Lady Jean Campbell (d. 1700), daughter of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, in January 1660–1, by whom he had ten children:
* William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian (1661–1722)
* Lord Charles Kerr (d. 1735), appointed Director of Chancery in 1703, married Janet Murray, daughter of Sir David Murray, 2nd Baronet, and had issue
* Hon. Margaret Kerr (bap. 1670), died young
* Hon. Jean Kerr (bap. 1671), died young
* Lord John Kerr (bap. 1673 – 8 September 1735), British Army officer
* Lady Mary Kerr (bap. 1674 – 22 January 1736), married James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas
* Lord Mark Kerr (bap. 1676–1752), British general
* Lady Margaret Kerr (bap. 1678), died young
* Hon. James Kerr (bap. 1679), died unmarried
* Lady Annabella Kerr (bap. 1682), died young
Lothian also had a natural son, Captain John Kerr, who was slain at Douglas Castle by the Duke of Douglas.
He is buried in the family vault of Newbattle Church, Scotland. | WIKI |
android连接电脑mysql_android直接访问电脑里面的mysql
关于android访问mysql，网上有很多大神写过文章，有很多种方法可以实现。大致实现的思路主要有两种：1、直接访问，在android工程中用jdbc直接连2、间接访问。在电脑端配置一个服务器，采用android——服务器——mysql这种形式。其中，第二种方式又可以用多种方式实现，比如android通过socket访问服务器，服务器再访问mysql，等等。本文就是用的第一种方法，关于网上很多人说用第一种方法不安全，容易被别人反编译，获取账号信息，我让账号信息全部实现手动输入，应该不存在安全问题。
准备工作：在写android工程前，首先要让电脑里的mysql准许远程访问，并且新建一个mysql账户(默认账户为root，属于管理员的，一般不采用)，用于登陆数据库。其次，在数据库中新建数据库，新建表。最后下载jdbc驱动。
开始工作：
1、新建一个android工程，然后把驱动放进去，至于怎么放，可以百度，就不再仔细说了
2、工程中有两个类，mainactivity.java ，returnvalue.java
(1)、package com.android_mysql;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private EditText edi1;
private EditText edi2;
private EditText edi3;
private EditText edi4;
private EditText edi5;
private EditText edi6;
private Button but1;
private TextView txt1;
private Intent intent;
public static String result = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edi1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
edi2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
edi3 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText3);
edi4 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText4);
edi5 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText5);
edi6 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText6);
but1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
txt1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
but1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
String ip = edi1.getText().toString();
String port = edi2.getText().toString();
String data = edi3.getText().toString();
String user = edi4.getText().toString();
String password = edi5.getText().toString();
String sql = edi6.getText().toString();
// 是否为空?
if (ip.equals("") || port.equals("") || data.equals("")
|| user.equals("") || sql.equals("")
|| password.equals("")) {
txt1.setText("请将信息填写完整后提交！");
} else {
String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String url = "jdbc:mysql://" + ip + ":" + port + "/" + data;
try {
// 加载驱动程序
Class.forName(driver);
// 连续数据库
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,
user, password);
if (!conn.isClosed())
System.out
.println("Succeeded connecting to the Database!");
// statement用来执行SQL语句
Statement statement = conn.createStatement(
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
// 结果集
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
result = result + rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1) + "\t";
result = result + "\n";
while (rs.next()) {
for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++)
result = result + rs.getString(i) + "\t";
result = result + "\n";
}
rs.close();
conn.close();
intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,
ReturnValue.class);
startActivity(intent);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("Sorry,can`t find the Driver!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}
(2)、package com.android_mysql;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ReturnValue extends Activity{
private EditText edi1;
private Button but1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.returnvalue);
edi1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText7);
but1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
edi1.setText(MainActivity.result);
but1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
MainActivity.result="";
ReturnValue.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
(3)、main.xml
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
android:id="@+id/editText1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="Mysql服务器地址" />
android:id="@+id/editText2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/editText3"
android:layout_below="@+id/editText1"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_marginTop="14dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="端口号" >
android:id="@+id/editText3"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/editText2"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="数据库名" />
android:id="@+id/editText4"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/editText3"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="用户名" />
android:id="@+id/editText5"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/editText4"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="密码" />
android:id="@+id/editText6"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/editText5"
android:layout_marginBottom="12dp"
android:ems="10"
android:gravity="top"
android:hint="SQL语句"
android:minLines="5"
android:text="select * from courierinfo ;" />
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/button1"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_below="@id/editText6"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:gravity="center" />
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="17dp"
android:text="提 交"
android:textSize="30sp" />
(4)、returnvalue.xml
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
android:id="@+id/editText7"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:ems="10"
android:gravity="top"
android:minLines="10"
android:textSize="13sp" >
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/editText7"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
android:text="返 回"
android:textSize="30sp" />
3、最后，在程序清单中要添加
OK了，大功告成，真机测试完美运行，真机测试时，要把手机连在和电脑同一个网段中。最后，想要源码的Call我，qq:540886047，欢迎一起讨论
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A number of peptide-based indicators have been identified and reported as
A number of peptide-based indicators have been identified and reported as potential apoptosis probes, offering great promise for early assessment of therapeutic efficacy in several types of cancer. serve as a platform for the development of peptide-based probes for apoptosis. Introduction Apoptotic cells generated in tissues are swiftly and safely removed by phagocytes under normal physiological conditions [1]. However, apoptotic cells are observed in tissues under pathological conditions such as cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac allograft being rejected, and atherosclerosis [2,3]. Apoptosis is also induced in cancerous or infected cells while a therapeutic technique intentionally. Clinical data reveal that radio- and chemotherapy trigger fast induction of apoptosis, peaking within 24 hours of treatment [4C6]. Therefore, image resolution of apoptosis would possess great worth for evaluating the restorative effectiveness of tumor remedies as well as for figuring out cardiac illnesses at an early stage. The publicity of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the external surface area of the plasma membrane layer bilayer, an early biochemical event in apoptosis, can be an appealing focus on for molecular image resolution of perishing cells [7]. During radiotherapy and chemo-, following necrosis also outcomes in PS publicity credited to CGP60474 interruption of the plasma walls sincerity [8]. One of the most effective and used PS signals can be annexin Sixth is v broadly, an endogenous 36-kDa human being proteins that binds to PS with nanomolar affinity in a calcium-dependent way [9,10]. The biodistribution and stability of annexin V derivatives depend on the radioisotope and the labeling modality used; many of these derivatives are going through medical tests [11]. Nevertheless, there are a true number of limitations related to the application of annexin V in the clinical domain. Initial, because they are huge proteins medicines, annexin Sixth is v derivatives possess the potential disadvantages of poor balance during long lasting storage space; CGP60474 feasible immunogenicity; and limited gain access to to the focus on cells, when the vasculature is disrupted by drug treatment [12] specifically. The last element can be especially an concern in the monitoring of antiangiogenic therapy results because many of these therapies are designed to disrupt tumor vascularization. Furthermore, annexin Sixth is v can be not really completely particular for apoptotic cells. Annexin V targets necrotic as well as nonapoptotic cells with exposed anionic lipids under specific physiological or pathological conditions. Targeting necrotic cells may not be a critical disadvantage in the assessment of cancer treatment because a number of tumor-targeting agents cause necrosis and because all types of cancer therapy lead to a high degree of necrosis in the late stages. However, targeting nonapoptotic cells with low levels of exposed PS is a significant limitation, as this may lead to a low signal-to-background ratio [12]. The limitations of annexin V for apoptotic CGP60474 cell imaging have motivated a search for other molecular probes to be used in the clinical domain. Among them, small peptide probes targeting exposed PS generally have a lower affinity than protein probes do but tend to exhibit lower immunogenicity plus a more beneficial biodistribution, in component because they even more penetrate growth cells quickly, after interruption of the vasculature by tumor therapy actually. Nevertheless, reviews on peptide-based PS CGP60474 signals in pet and human being versions are few, and immediate evaluations of Kif2c CGP60474 the effectiveness of small-peptide PS signals and annexin Sixth is v in conditions of their biochemical affinity and medical relevance for cell loss of life image resolution possess however to become reported. Using Meters13 phage screen, a effective strategy for finding little peptides [13C16], we identified little peptides that specifically bind PS [17] successfully. Right here, we straight likened the peptide-based PS sign PSP1 (CLSYYPSYC) with annexin Sixth is v for molecular image resolution of apoptotic cells. The PSP1 peptide particularly targeted apoptotic cells in tumors pursuing systemic administration to camptothecin-treated tumor-bearing (L460 cell) rodents in assessment with a identical dosage of annexin Sixth is v. Our outcomes recommend that PSP1 provides benefits for molecular image resolution of growth apoptosis likened with annexin Sixth is v and could become efficiently created into a little molecular probe for image resolution of apoptosis stress (BL-21) and filtered using Ni-NTA Agarose line chromatography (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, California, USA), as described [18] previously. Quickly, positive clones were cultured overnight at 37C in LB medium (with 50 mg of kanamycin/ml), diluted 1:100, and grown until the optical density at 600. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The tag has no wiki summary.
learn more… | top users | synonyms
17
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How to view a TTF font file?
Is there an application to simply preview a font from a TTF file without installing it?
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How can I make unicode symbols and truetype fonts work in xterm/uxterm?
I'd like to use a truetype font in xterm/uxterm (version 278) but I get problems with unicode symbols (é for example displays fine, so I guess it's not a disabled utf8 or a locale issue): $ echo -e ...
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Use or convert .ttf font for console use in FreeBSD
I have a monospace .ttf font I really like (UbuntuBeta Mono). Is there any way I can use it (or convert first and then use, if needed) for the console in freeBSD? I know there is ...
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How do I use a font in .ttc format as the console font?
I rather dislike the available tty fonts and would rather use Menlo, which is what I use in OS X's Terminal. Menlo is in a .ttc format, but (from the contents of /usr/share/consolefonts) Linux seems ...
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extract bounding box dimensions for TrueType font
On Linux, I can easily extract the height / width / ascent / descent dimensions of Xorg fonts via xlsfonts, e.g. $ xlsfonts -ll -fn 9x15 | egrep 'bounds|max' bounds: width left right ...
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Problem Installing .ttf with FontConfig, in userdir for user account, running RHEL
I'm trying to install TTF fonts, for a normal user account, on my RHEL5.4 box The steps I followed are : $ cd ~ $ mkdir .fonts $ cd .fonts $ wget -q ...
0
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2answers
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Convert fnt to ttf?
Is there a way to convert the .fnt-files from from /usr/share/syscons/fonts to .ttf? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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CDC::SetPolyFillMode
Sets the polygon-filling mode.
int SetPolyFillMode(
int nPolyFillMode
);
nPolyFillMode
Specifies the new filling mode. This value may be either ALTERNATE or WINDING. The default mode set in Windows is ALTERNATE.
The previous filling mode, if successful; otherwise 0.
When the polygon-filling mode is ALTERNATE, the system fills the area between odd-numbered and even-numbered polygon sides on each scan line. That is, the system fills the area between the first and second side, between the third and fourth side, and so on. This mode is the default.
When the polygon-filling mode is WINDING, the system uses the direction in which a figure was drawn to determine whether to fill an area. Each line segment in a polygon is drawn in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction. Whenever an imaginary line drawn from an enclosed area to the outside of a figure passes through a clockwise line segment, a count is incremented. When the line passes through a counterclockwise line segment, the count is decremented. The area is filled if the count is nonzero when the line reaches the outside of the figure.
Header: afxwin.h
Show:
© 2015 Microsoft | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Blake, Cassels & Graydon
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP (Blakes) is an international corporate law firm with offices in Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, New York City, and London.
History
Blakes was launched in 1856 after Dominick Edward Blake was called to the bar and entered into partnership with Stephen M. Jarvis in Toronto. Soon it was Blake & Blake when brother Samuel Hume Blake joined.
In 1867, Blakes incorporated what would become Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The bank remains one of the firm's oldest clients. In 1878, Blakes was the first business in Canada to install a telephone system that provided a direct link to the offices of the Ontario Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada at Osgoode Hall.
In 1882, Zebulon Aiton Lash joined Blakes and began building a corporate law practice. By 1885, with 15 lawyers, Blakes was among the largest corporate law firms in the young Canadian Confederation.
In 1894, Clara Brett Martin articled at Blakes. She was called to the bar in 1897, becoming the first woman lawyer in Ontario and the British Empire.
In 1953, the firm's name was changed to Blake, Cassels & Graydon.
In 1998, the firm opened an office in Beijing.
In 2003, Blakes created the Daily Bread Toronto Law Firm Challenge, which engages a number of Toronto law firms to raise money for the Daily Bread Food Bank.
In 2012, Blakes donated C$383,000 to the Fondation du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) and the McGill University Health Centre Foundation's (MUHC) joint corporate campaign to raise funds for university hospitals.
In 2013, Blakes assisted the 160 Girls project, an initiative promoted by non-profit organization The Equality Effect, achieve a landmark victory where Kenyan law enforcement officials were ordered to investigate and prosecute crimes of sexual violence.
In 2017, Blakes launched Nitro powered by Blakes, a program that provides access to legal services for emerging technology companies.
In 2019, Blakes was recognized as "one of Canada's Best Diversity Employers" for the eighth time by Mediacorp Canada Inc. (previous wins include 2008 to 2011 and 2015 to 2017). The firm was also named Canada Law Firm of the Year in the Who’s Who Legal Awards for the 11th consecutive year.
Blakes was named one of Canada’s Best Diversity Employers for 2022 by Mediacorp Canada Inc., an honour we have received 12 times since 2008.
In 2022, the firm received the most top-tier rankings by practice area of any Canadian law firm for the sixth consecutive year in Chambers Global: The World’s Leading Lawyers for Business. In addition, the Firm’s lawyers continue to be recognized as leaders in their fields in The Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory, Canada's leading guide to lawyers.
Notable members and alumni
* Edward Blake
* Walter Cassels
* Peter Hogg
* Zebulon Aiton Lash
* Clara Brett Martin | WIKI |
D1 female athletes are plagued with eating disorders, missing periods
Elite runner Mary Cain said her experience with the coaching system at the now-shuttered Nike Oregon Project encouraged unhealthy levels of weight loss, leading to injuries, serious mental health problems, and a derailed career. The serious medical condition Cain experienced, RED-S, seems to be common among athletes of all levels, though higher-level athletes may be most vulnerable. Female athletes in Division 1 cross-country and track are among those who&aposve been vocal out about the issue. One spoke to Insider. Supportive teammates, proactive coaches, and female role models can make a big difference in helping women perform their best while staying healthy.Visit Insider&aposs homepage for more. Elite runner Mary Cain said in the New York Times this month that her experience with the coaching system at the now-shuttered Nike Oregon Project encouraged unhealthy levels of weight loss, leading to five broken bones, mental health problems. The ordeal also derailed her career, according to Cain.Her experience eating too few calories, having dangerously low bone density, and missing her periods is illustrative of what seems to be a disturbingly common condition among female athletes: Relative energy deficiency in sports, or RED-S. It&aposs also been called female athlete triad, but most professionals now refer to it as RED-S, in part to include male athletes, and to recognize that undereating isn&apost always related to an eating disorder.While the condition or symptoms of it can affect anyone from the weekend warrior to the Olympian, it seems to be an especially pervasive, though still under-the-radar, problem among higher-level athletes, including Division 1 female runners.
College runners seem to be especially at risk of energy deficiency and disordered eatingWhen Delaney White, now a Division 1 cross-country and track runner and senior at Portland State University, entered the collegiate running scene, she had already begun to have irregular menstrual periods, she told Insider. She thought it was normal for competitive athletes at her level. That mentality seems to be pervasive. Cate Barrett, a former Division 1 track athlete, wrote on Instagram that "college programs today are still preaching thinner is fast, and telling women to lose weight, or that low weight and lost periods aren&apost a problem."
“For so long, I thought I was the problem. To me, the silence of others meant that pushing my body past its healthy limits was the only way. But I know we were all scared, and fear keeps us silent.” — @runmarycain Mary Cain&aposs exposé of abuse she suffered while training as a young pro runner is shocking and upsetting. A decorated coach at Nike, Alberto Salazar, pressured her to lose weight to run faster. This is an inexcusable abuse of power. Salazar had nearly every resource available to boost Mary’s performance, yet chose to emphasize a strategy that risked her health. And it didn&apost even fucking work. It drove her to slow races, self-harm and quitting the sport. Mary’s story resonates with the amateur and collegiate running community all too well. We&aposve experienced the same thing. Being shamed for our size. Told that our poor performances were because of weight. And that we were lucky to be here, so we shouldn’t complain. That this is part of the sport. I competed for a D1 NCAA track team for all four years of college. While this was a great experience, it did leave me with a disordered view of my body and food. 11 years after I entered the NCCA, I still feel the strain that I’m not small enough. I know this is not factual and rational, but my mindset is a work in progress. I do not know any teammates who emerged from the NCAA system unaffected by the pressure to be thinner. It may seem like the entire running community is already woke to this issue, but please listen: IT IS WILD how deep this goes. It is still happening. Girls still need help. College programs today are still preaching thinner is faster, and telling women to lose weight, or that low weight and lost periods aren’t a problem. College sports are not the only offenders here, but they have to do better. They, along with the whole running world, have the opportunity and obligation to make a positive impact in young people’s lives. I am thankful that Mary Cain and many others have faced their fear and brought their stories to light. This is how we change. A post shared by Cate Barrett (@beingcate) on Nov 8, 2019 at 12:39pm PSTNov 8, 2019 at 12:39pm PST
And, Andrea Toppin, a former runner at Iowa State, wrote on Twitter that her teammate and boyfriend at the time told her she needed to lose 20 pounds in order to contribute to the team. "All I cared about was the number on the scale and pleasing my boyfriend until I got my first awful stress fracture after 2 muscular injuries and 2 years of not having a period," she wrote. —Andrea Toppin (@atop1212) November 10, 2019Research backs up these women&aposs experiences. While estimates of the ubiquity of RED-S vary widely, but some research has shown women at higher levels of sport may be at greater risk because of the high competitive pressure and specific demands of certain sports, such as running. Research also suggests as many as 54% of female collegiate athletes being unhappy with their weight.What&aposs more, studies suggest disordered eating is especially common in sports that emphasize aesthetics or leanness, like running and gymnastics, with as many as 69% of female athletes in those types of sports missing their periods.Eating disorders "have continued to increase for girls ages 15 to 22, which directly overlaps with the peak of adolescence, commonly spent in high school and college sports," professional runner Lauren Fleshman wrote in the New York Times. "Over one-third of N.C.A.A. Division I female athletes exhibit risk factors for anorexia nervosa." She was one of them, writing that her final year of her collegiate career she restricted her diet to look more like the professional, older runners she hoped to become. "I may have looked the part, but I lost my energy. I lost my period, and injuries set in, derailing the first half of my professional running career."
A lack of awareness can normalize disordered eating and missing periodsNo matter how common, a disrupted menstrual cycle can be a dangerous sign that low calorie intake is messing with the body&aposs hormone levels, which can cause long-term health issues like permanent bone loss and potential fertility problems.But awareness lags among athletes and professionals alike. A small study found 44% of high-school female athletes reported that they thought losing their period was a normal response to a high level of athletic training, Dr. Aubrey Armento, a sports medicine physician in Colorado, reported on Twitter. And one 2018 study found that less than half of clinicians, physiotherapists, and coaches could correctly define RED-S.Women also get cues from the environment that "thin is better," Mary Jane De Souza, a professor of kinesiology and physiology at Penn State who specializes in the syndrome, told Insider. "It&aposs a huge problem," she said. "We need a lot more widespread knowledge to be disseminated that you get to be a great, high-performing female athlete but coaches and other people without dietary expertise don&apost get to tell you what to weigh."
Proactive leaders and supportive teammates can make the differenceWhite&aposs first college team didn&apost talk about missing periods, body image, eating, and weight. But when she transferred to Portland, she found her new teammates were open about discussing their experiences and checking in with each other.There, she was told that irregular periods were an important sign that something was going on with her body, and she was encouraged to talk to a female trainer about it. Her performance, and health, immediately improved as a result. "I was running 74 miles a week, and I didn&apost realize I needed to be eating more. As soon as I did that, I started getting faster," White said. "It&aposs turned around how I feel about running, my performance is better than ever, and I&aposm healthier than I&aposve ever been." As White&aposs experience demonstrates, when caught early, many of the damaging effects of RED-S can be reversed. With enough calories, athletes can begin to recover from energy deficit within days or weeks, according to the most recent guidelines from the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition.White said having female trainers, and strong female athletes as role models in her life, have made a world of difference. As more women become high-profile coaches, including record-breaking marathon runner Shalane Flanagan, she hopes that more young athletes will have the support, encouragement, and resources they need to pursue elite levels of the sports without risking their mental and physical health. Ultimately, real progress also means looking at the broader culture that links women&aposs value to their weight, White said. "Running is a really interesting microcosm of our culture, that you expect women to be strong but if they get above a certain weight, they&aposre no good any more," she said. "Until we change the culture of comparison, our sport isn&apost going to change." Read more: I had the condition that &aposbroke down&apos Nike runner Mary Cain&aposs body, and I wasn&apost even an elite athlete3 marathoners who are breaking stereotypes about what runners look likeAn athlete who spoke out against Nike&aposs running program in 2015 says Mary Cain&aposs allegations could &aposchange the future of the sport&apos
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Read the original article on INSIDER. Copyright 2019.
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National Palaces Painting Museum
National Palaces Painting Museum (Turkish: Milli Saraylar Resim Müzesi) is an art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, opened at the Crown Prince Residence of Dolmabahçe Palace in 2014. The museum exhibits approximately 200 pieces from the palace's collection of paintings by both Turkish and international artists of the 19th century. The museum is funded by the TBMM.
History
The historical building used to house the Istanbul Art and Sculpture Museum which was founded within the order of Turkey's first president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1937 and served as part of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. After the renovation between 2010 and 2014, it was transformed into a new museum to house pieces of 19th and early-20th century art, which were mainly gathered from the palaces of Ottoman dynasty.
Collection
The museum has more than 200 paintings displayed in 11 sections. Some of the displayed collections are listed below.
Paintings by Turkish Artists (1870-1930)
This collection consists of works by Ottoman/Turkish artists such as Şeker Ahmed Pasha, Osman Hamdi Bey, Hüseyin Zekai Pasha and Hodja Ali Rıza; which make up the second, third and fourth generation of the Turkish painting in Western sense.
Paintings by Court Painters
Works by artists such as Stanislaw Chlebowski and Fausto Zonaro, which respectively served to Abdulaziz and Abdülhamid II as their court painters.
Paintings Bought from Goupil Gallery for the Palace
Two sections consist of paintings that were bought from the Goupil Gallery in Paris during the reign of Abdulaziz. The paintings that were bought in this era reflect the taste of Sultan Abdulaziz and his assistant Şeker Ahmed Pasha. A Western style collection of paintings was brought together for the first time at the Dolmabahçe Palace during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz.
Paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky
The Ceremony Hall, which is the most magnificent room of the structure with its stucco-lined walls and composite-headed plasters, is allocated to the Russian artist Aivazovsky.
Paintings by Abdülmecid II
The hall that exhibits this collection originally used to be the library of Abdülmecid II himself, who was born to become the last crown prince and caliph of the Ottoman dynasty. Interested in almost all branches of art, but particularly calligraphy and music, he remained a celebrated artist of Turkish painting.
Orientalist Paintings
The museum has a rich collection of works by 19th century Orientalist painters. | WIKI |
Talk:Oxaloacetic acid
Merge from Oxaloacetate
In line with normal naming conventions, oxaloacetate has been merged here, and now redirects to this page. At the time of the merge/redirect, the edit history of oxaloacetate was as follows: For copyright reasons, please do not remove this information. Physchim62 21:21, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
* 14:51, 10 Mar 2005 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 07:24, 10 Mar 2005 RJFJR m (stub to chem-stub)
* 21:31, 8 Mar 2005 <IP_ADDRESS> (Revert to version by Chris Edgemon [from vandalism])
* 20:39, 8 Mar 2005 Remuel m (sorted stub)
* 17:28, 8 Mar 2005 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 17:25, 8 Mar 2005 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 08:30, 28 Oct 2004 Chris Edgemon
* 10:55, 20 Jul 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 20:15, 18 Jul 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 20:06, 18 Jul 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>
* 04:04, 11 Mar 2004 Moink (wikify, msg:stub)
* 02:13, 11 Mar 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>
Mitochondria
Oxaloacetate is converted into Malate or Phosphoenolpyruvate before it leaves the mitochondria, does that mean it cannot leave in oxaloacetate form?
Interconversion picture
The picture is misleading because it does not relate to any biological process - at pH7, carboxylic acids are deprotonated - dehydrogenation does not produce free H2, it is coupled to reduction of NAD+ - similarly, NH3 is not released as free ammonia, as shown - etc —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:32, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Enol form(s)
Properties section says "The enol forms of oxaloacetic acid are particularly stable, so much so that the two tautomer have different melting points (152 °C for the cis isoform and 184 °C for the trans isoform)." Does this mean the structure shown is the keto form and that there are two enol (iso)forms ? A diagram of at least one of the enol isoforms would be helpful ? - Rod57 (talk) 05:48, 29 March 2016 (UTC)
Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:04, 30 April 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D
The Dassault Mirage 2000N is a variant of the Mirage 2000 designed for nuclear strike. It formed the core of the French air-based strategic nuclear deterrent. The Mirage 2000D is its conventional attack counterpart.
Development
The Mirage 2000N was designed to French requirements for an aircraft to replace the older Mirage IVP. Dassault received a contract to build two prototypes. The aircraft first flew on 3 February 1986. Seventy four were built up to 1993.
The Mirage 2000N is based on the Mirage 2000B two-seat trainer, but features considerable changes. The airframe was strengthened for low-level flight and fitted with an Antilope 5 radar, which is used for terrain following, navigation and ground mapping, and which can follow terrain at 1112 km/h. Other avionic features are twin INS units and moving map displays for both the pilot and weapon systems officer. The Mirage 2000N can carry one ASMP medium-range nuclear missile, and can also carry two MATRA Magic AAMs for self-defence. Other protection features include the Sabre jamming system and the Spirale chaff system. Because the extra seat decreases range, a pair of drop tanks are carried. Since the Mirage 2000N's standard weapon was the ASMP, which was carried on the centerline pylon, this meant that it could not carry a centerline tank, but a distinctive big 2,000 litre (530 US gallon) underwing drop tank with a bulbous nose was developed to more than compensate.
The first batch of 30 aircraft for the French Air Force had a sole nuclear capability, and these were designated Mirage 2000N-K1. These did not have the Spirale chaff system, and carried a pair of AN.52 free-fall nuclear bombs before the ASMP was ready. The later batch of 44 aircraft were designated Mirage 2000N-K2. These had both a nuclear and conventional capability, and a full defensive fit. The K1 aircraft now have a limited conventional attack capability.
Dassault has also developed the Mirage 2000D, which is a development of the Mirage 2000N designed for long-range precision strikes with conventional weapons. This aircraft is exactly the same as the Mirage 2000N, but introduces support for conventional attack missiles such as the Apache and Scalp missiles, as well as the AASM weapons. The first aircraft, converted from the Mirage 2000N prototype, flew on 19 February 1991, and the French Air Force ordered a total of 86 aircraft.
The Mirage 2000N is not licensed for export. The French Air and Space Force has 62 in its inventory.
Like the Mirage 2000N, the Mirage 2000D had variants. The Mirage 2000D-R1 does not have the full weapons capability of the Mirage 2000D-R2, which features the Apache and Scalp missiles, the ATLIS II laser designation system, and the Samir self-protection fit.
Operation Deny Flight and Deliberate Force
French Mirage 2000s were prominent participants in UN and NATO air operations over the former Yugoslavia. On 30 August 1995 one Mirage 2000N-K2 was shot down over Bosnia by a MANPADS heat-seeking 9K38 Igla missile fired by air defence units of Army of Republika Srpska during operation Deliberate Force, prompting efforts to obtain improved defensive systems.
Operation Enduring Freedom and ISAF
AdA Mirage 2000Ds served in the intervention in Afghanistan in 2001–2002, operating in close conjunction with international forces and performing precision attacks with LGBs. The French Air Force deployed the Mirage 2000D to Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2004 to support coalition forces in Afghanistan. Then from 2004 to 2007, they stayed at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. In summer 2007, after the Rafale fighters have been removed from the theater of operations, 3 French Mirage 2000s were deployed to Afghanistan in support of NATO troops. To shorten the response time to support NATO ISAF troops in southern Afghanistan, the aircraft moved to Kandahar International Airport. Three Rafale F2 and three Mirage 2000Ds operate from Kandahar in 2008. On 24 May 2011, a French Air Force Mirage 2000D crashed 100 kilometers west of Farah. Both crew members successfully ejected and were recovered.
Opération Harmattan and Unified Protector
French Air Force Mirage 2000D were committed since the beginning to the enforcement of the Libyan no-fly-zone that was approved by the UN in March 2011. The Mirage 2000Ds were among the first strikers: on 19 March 2011, a mixed French formation of Mirage 2000s and Rafales hit a Libyan army column that was heading for Benghazi with several vehicles destroyed. The Mirage 2000D remained one of the most used striker for the next months when Opération Harmattan was succeeded by the UN led Operation Unified Protector. On 20 October 2011, a Mirage 2000D dropped the last NATO munitions of the war, when a mixed formation of a French Air Force Mirage 2000D and a Mirage F1CR was vectored to strike an armed convoy which was trying to break through the rebels' lines at Sirte. The Mirage 2000D dropped its two laser guided GBU-12 bombs hitting and stopping Gaddafi's convoy, resulting in his capture and death.
Operation Serval and Operation Barkhane
French forces became actively involved in the Northern Mali conflict (2012–present) starting from 11 January 2013 with Operation Serval. The six Mirage 2000D's based in N'Djamena, Chad for the long lasting French military presence in that country, alongside the two Mirage F.1CR based there, were among the first forces committed to the conflict, bombing the Islamic militants’ bases and forces in Northern Mali. The Mirages were flying with a similar configuration to the one used over Libya nearly two years before, with two 500 lbs GBU-12 (laser) or GBU-49 (GPS and laser) guided bombs on the centerline pylon, and two external fuel tanks on the inboard wing pylons.
Starting from 17 January 2013, three of the Mirages were relocated in Bamako, Mali, preceded by the two simpler Mirage F.1CR which started operating from Bamako few days before.
Locally deployed Mirage 2000D/N French Air and Space Force aircraft keep supporting the successor Operation Barkhane.
Opération Chammal
Starting on 19 September 2014, the French Air Force started striking the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as part of an international effort against the terrorist organization. The strike force was initially composed of Dassault Rafale jets based in the Emirates. Later, the Rafales were sided by six Mirage 2000D, based in Jordan, starting from November 2014. Initially the strikes were limited to targets located in Iraq. Starting from September 2015, the strikes were extended over Syria as well.
On 21 August 2016, a strike group composed of 4 Rafales and 4 Mirage 2000D launched a multiple SCALP-EG cruise missile attack against Islamic State weapon storage site, firing 12 missiles. The Rafales were armed with two cruise missiles each, while the Mirages were armed with one cruise missile each.
Mirage 2000N
The Mirage 2000N was the nuclear strike variant which was intended to carry the Aerospatiale Air-Sol Moyenne Portee (ASMP) nuclear stand-off missile. Initial flight tests of two prototypes began on 3 February 1983, and the Mirage 2000N entered operational service in 1988. A total of 75 were built. The fighter had strengthened wings for low-altitude operations, as well as low-level precision navigation/attack systems, built around the Dassault/Thales Antilope 5 radar, which was designed for the strike role and featured a terrain-avoidance capability.
The ASMP missile is 5.38 meters long with a kerosene-powered ramjet that allows it to cruise at Mach 3 to a maximum range of 100 km carrying a nuclear warhead with a yield of 300 kt.
Upgrades
* The existing kit was enhanced to provide an electronic intelligence (ELINT) capability, allowing the aircraft to record data on adversary emitters for post-flight intelligence analysis.
* A SAT Samir "Detecteur de Depart Missile (DDM)" missile-warning system was also added, being attached to the back of the Magic AAM pylons.
* Future upgrades include the addition of a Pod Reco NG (Pod de Reconnaissance Nouvelle Generation) to provide digital reconnaissance capabilities, with both day and night imagers, a digital data recorder system, and a datalink to provide real-time relay of imagery to battlefield commanders. It is being developed by Thales for service introduction in 2006.
Aircraft with the updated countermeasures system and capable of carrying both the ASMP-A missile and the Pod Reco NG will be redesignated "Mirage 2000N-K3".
As it is forbidden to export them, they are being dismantled for parts with some being donated to French museums. 3 remain with the DGA for testing.
Mirage 2000D
Delays in the Dassault Rafale fourth-generation fighter program led to a development program for an updated Mirage 2000N dedicated to conventional attack, originally designated Mirage 2000N cousin. It was to complement SEPECAT Jaguar daylight strike fighters by providing a night/bad weather attack capability.
Formal development began in 1988. The designation was changed to Mirage 2000D in 1990, with the "D" standing for "Diversifie/Multirole". Initial flight of the Mirage 2000D prototype, a modified Mirage 2000N prototype, was on 19 February 1991. That led to first flight of a production aircraft 31 March 1993 and introduction to service in April 1995. 86 Mirage 2000Ds were built in all to last delivery in 2001.
The Mirage 2000D featured:
* An NVG-compatible cockpit, with improved "hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS)" controls and a partial "glass cockpit" arrangement. The pilot obtained a second display, and the back-seater received two more for a total of three in the rear.
* A modernized ULISS 52P navigation system with Global Positioning System (GPS) capability,
* An improved Antilope 50 terrain-following system.
* An updated "ICMS 2" countermeasures system, with SERVAL RWR, Chameleon jammer, and Spirale dispensers.
Full-specification Mirage 2000D-R1 aircraft could carry stores such as:
* All major dumb munitions, such as iron bombs, Belouga cluster bombs, Durandal runway breaker bombs, BAP 100 and BAP 120 clusters, Matra 68 millimeter rocket pods, and cannon pods.
* Laser-guided weapons such as the AS-30L ASM or French and US LGBs, with the munitions directed by an ATLIS II or improved optical-infrared PDLCT and high-resolution PDLCTS targeting pods, attached to a pylon under the right air intake. The navigator/WSO in the back seat handled laser targeting while the pilot in the front flew the aircraft. Carriage of the next-generation Damocles pod is now under consideration.
* The ARMAT antiradar missile, though this is rarely carried.
Upgrades
The Mirage 2000D remains in service, with various improvements such as the MICA IR. A general upgrade designated Mirage 2000D-R2 machine was delivered from 2001. A second upgrade program was begun in 2009, with better support for the strike role and improvement of air-to-air capabilities. This provided a multirole capability that compensated for the eventual retirement of the Mirage 2000Cs.
55 aircraft are undergoing a mid-life upgrade known as Mirage 2000D RMV (Rénovation Mi-Vie) until 2024 with the objective of keeping them in service until well after 2030. This involves updating the avionics, providing a CC422 gun pod, replacing the Magic missiles by MICA, and integrating the GBU-48 and GBU-50, at a total cost of 532.5 million euro.
A pair of Mirage 2000D RMV was deployed in early September 2021 to Djibouti to evaluate their performance in hot-weather climatic conditions. The two Mirage 2000D RMV stayed for 20 days at the Base Aérienne (Air Base) 188 Djibouti with the Escadron de Chasse et d’Expérimentation (Fighter and Experimental Squadron) 1/30 “Côte d’Argent”.
Operators
* 🇫🇷 France
* French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace)
Notable accidents and incidents
On 1 March 2011 one Mirage 2000N crashed in Creuse region of central France near the village of Saint-Oradoux-pres-Crocq during a night flight. Both pilots were killed.
On 24 May 2011 one Mirage 2000D crashed 100 kilometers west of Farah, Afghanistan. Both crew members successfully ejected and were recovered.
On 14 January 2012 during joint training exercise "Green Shield" simulating an air combat over Saudi Arabia, a French Mirage 2000D collided with a Saudi F-15S. Both aircraft were destroyed, while the three pilots ejected safely.
On 9 June 2014, in the evening, a French Air Force Mirage 2000D crashed halfway between Gao in northern Mali and the Niger capital Niamey due to a technical issue while part of Operation Serval. Both pilots ejected safely and were recovered.
In the morning of 28 September 2017, a French Air Force Mirage 2000N caught fire and crashed just after take-off from the airport of the Chadian capital of Ndjamena while part of Operation Barkhane. The plane crashed into the airport wall at 7:55, before catching fire while preparing to take off from the runway on its way to France. The two pilots ejected from the aircraft in time; one was slightly injured.
On 18 April 2018 the warhead of an inert bomb was accidentally dropped onto the roof of a car factory in Loiretaine, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France as a pair of French Air Force Mirage 2000D fighters flew over the factory on their way to a training exercise at the Suippes training ground. Two people were injured, and the factory was evacuated until it was determined the warhead was not dangerous.
On 9 January 2019, shortly before noon, a French Air Force Mirage 2000D crashed as it flew over the Jura mountains in the east of France. Another jet which was on the same patrol had safely returned to Nancy-Ochey air base. Both pilots were killed in the crash.
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
* McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle
* General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon | WIKI |
User:Lunar6000
Lunar6000 is a cyber emperor of sorts across many diffrent forums. He has been on my many websites. Most of them from which he was banned. The first site he was banned from was Dark Dominion a RPG maker site because there was a ranking system attributed to your post count on the site and he almost surpassed the creator the site evil emperor. The xenosaga forums was the next site that he hit. He didnt come to terms with another user named synthetic, and many people hated him for his beliefs and ideals. He was finally banned from the xenosaga boards but he ressurected and came back time and time again being banned numerous times until the site finally went down before the site was shutdown for good however, Lunar managed with the help of a underground regime to crush his opposer synthetic once and for all. KobrasRealm was his new home because on this website created by voodookobra he was a admin. He had high power there until a disagreement happened between him and kobra and he used his admin powers to take over the site, infact kobra fell for his treachery several times and there was a era called the Lunar Era on kobrasrealm where Lunar6000 was the leader. Later however Lunar was kicked for good, and a hacker found his way onto kobrasrealm and crashed it. The site has come back to this day, however Lunar is now merely a shadow there in cyber space, maybe one day he will make his return. You can find Lunar6000 if you search for him in the google search engine even. Another site he was banned from is vampirefreaks because of his ideals he usually gets banned from any site with a debate section or a discussion on hot topics. Many people disagree with him and he his a man of his own. Lunar also created his own website somewhere in cyberspace but the forums are looking to well. He hopes one day he can be a admin somewhere else again because he wants to ressurect himself. He was known as Magic Emperor Lunar but is now known as Cyber Emperor Lunar6000. However, those titles have been stripped because as of right now he has no power in the world of cyberspace, but he vows that he will return one day.. better believe that..
* He has been on other numerous sites and banned from many of the messageboards
* Some of which are: GameFaqs, GreyLabrynth, AC Garage. | WIKI |
-- U.S. Banks Must Meet Basel Mark as Small Firms Get Easier Terms
U.S. banking regulators agreed to ease requirements for some of the smallest lenders in a new set of capital standards designed to prevent a repeat of the 2008 crisis that almost destroyed the world’s financial system. The changes came in the latest version of rules released today by the Federal Reserve, a year after they were first drafted and a week after European counterparts finished their own review. The Fed votes on the 972-page proposal later today, with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency scheduled to follow by July 9. The U.S., along with 26 other members of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision , must enact local regulations to carry out a 2010 revision of how minimum capital levels are set for the world’s banks. Those funds serve as a buffer against losses that might cause a global lender to collapse and bring down the entire financial system -- an improbable scenario for U.S. community banks with relatively few assets. “ Community (CBNK) and regional banks don’t pose systemic risks when they fail,” said Coryann Stefansson, who heads the financial services regulatory practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. “So it’s easier to soften the rules on them without undermining the commitment to Basel or tougher capital rules.” The rules published today narrow the definition of what counts as capital, in line with Basel ’s revisions after the 2008 crisis. They also double the minimum ratio for capital and assets and reclassify derivatives and mortgage-based securities as more risky than in previous versions. Second Standard For the biggest lenders, it also includes a capital standard that doesn’t adjust for the risks of the banks’ assets, though an expected increase in that minimum wasn’t ready to be included in this version, according to people familiar with the discussions. “This framework requires banking organizations to hold more and higher-quality capital, which acts as a financial cushion to absorb losses, while reducing the incentive for firms to take excessive risks,” Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said in prepared remarks. “Banking organizations will be better able to withstand periods of financial stress, thus contributing to the overall health of the U.S. economy.” Governor Daniel Tarullo, the Fed official in charge of financial regulation and bank oversight, said the capital rules revealed today are “a milestone in our post-crisis efforts to make the financial system safer.” Community Banks U.S. regulators surprised banks and analysts last year by applying the new Basel framework to most community banks. The U.S. had advocated the standard as a measure to rein in the largest international institutions. U.S. lawmakers and lobbyists said the smallest banks shouldn’t be included because they didn’t cause the 2008 crisis, couldn’t raise capital as easily as the big banks and might have to reduce lending. Some of the rules, such as the non-risk-based leverage threshold, apply only to the biggest institutions or a smaller sub-group of the top six. The final version released today softens the blow for the smallest firms. It allows almost all but the biggest firms to opt out of requirements that they take capital charges as the market valuation of their trading assets fluctuates. It also simplifies the risk calculation for mortgages, a process that community banks had argued was too cumbersome and expensive. Those banks, defined as taking deposits and making loans in their local areas, make up more than 90 percent of U.S. lenders, according to the FDIC. Hybrid Holdings Banks with less than $15 billion in assets were also allowed to retain some hybrid securities that otherwise would no longer count as capital under Basel III. About 90 percent of bank holding companies with less than $10 billion in assets already meet the new minimum capital requirements, the Fed said in a staff memo today. The rest would need about $2 billion in added capital to comply. That shortfall was $3.6 billion in June 2012 when the rules were announced. Almost 95 percent of firms with assets of more than $10 billion meet the requirements and the shortfall is $2.5 billion, down from $6 billion last year. The Fed didn’t say which banks fell below the standard. The almost decade-long transition period should give banks enough time to comply, the Fed said. The rules go into effect Jan. 1 for the largest banks that use internal risk models to calculate capital needs while others get an extra year before starting to comply. The Basel framework has a stage-by-stage compliance scheme, with the requirements for capital going up every year until full levels are reached. Basel Debate The debate about banking standards revolves around rules designed by Basel’s committee of central bankers and regulators to improve and standardize safety guidelines that govern the world’s banks. The latest version is referred to as Basel III, and while the committee agreed on new standards in 2010, the members have revised components multiple times as local regulators worked to customize the rules to reflect conditions in their own markets. Only half of the Basel members have completed their local rules so far. The European Union, which has accused the U.S. of dragging its feet, just completed its internal approval process last week. Banks have eight more years to fully comply. The version published today by the U.S. includes a 3 percent capital minimum, known as the leverage requirement, that the Basel panel agreed upon in 2010. Under that standard, banks must hold equity and certain allowable hybrid securities equal to 3 percent of their assets. Leverage Requirement The U.S. is considering doubling that requirement for its largest lenders and plans to introduce another regulation to make that change, people familiar with the talks have said. “The U.S. going beyond the internationally agreed leverage standard while Europe hasn’t even committed to it yet is the strongest sign so far that the implementation of Basel is diverging more than ever before,” said Barbara Matthews, managing director of BCM International Regulatory Analytics LLC, a Washington-based consulting firm. The Basel regime previously gave firms leeway on how much capital they must have, letting banks hold a smaller amount to back assets classified as less risky. As more of the risk calculation shifted to complicated models that the institutions designed themselves, regulators such as Sheila Bair, the former FDIC chairman, questioned the credibility of the weightings. The leverage rule provides a backstop by setting a fixed minimum for capital, regardless of how risky bankers say their holdings might be. By going above the internationally agreed figure, the U.S. could put pressure on Europe to reaffirm its wavering commitment on the standard, analysts have said. EU Action The EU has altered some parts of Basel III, widening the scope of what counts as capital to make it easier for its banks to reach Basel’s new minimums. When all assets are counted without risk consideration, their capital levels look much lower. The EU has wavered on the non-risk measure, saying further study is needed before committing to a binding threshold for the region’s banks. The U.S. has translated the committee’s decision into local law with relatively few changes. The nation’s lenders had pushed for changes in calculating how quickly market values of trading assets would affect their capital levels. They also asked regulators to soften restrictions on how much of their mortgage-servicing rights could be counted as part of the highest-quality capital. Basel III restricts such assets to 10 percent of capital. The U.S. kept that limit. Completion of the rules will give the central bank leverage in international negotiations with countries that have yet to implement the rules, Tarullo said. “Adoption of these rules means that we will have met international expectations for U.S. implementation of the Basel III capital framework,” Tarullo said. “This gives us a firm position from which to press our expectations that other countries implement Basel III fully and faithfully, thereby promoting global financial stability.” To contact the reporter on this story: Yalman Onaran in New York at yonaran@bloomberg.net or @yalman_bn on Twitter To contact the editor responsible for this story: David Scheer in New York at dscheer@bloomberg.net ; Christine Harper at charper@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Importance of ABS Components in the Auto Parts & Supplies Industry
Nov 25, 2023
When it comes to the auto parts and supplies industry, one category that plays a vital role in ensuring safety on the road is ABS components. ABS, or Anti-lock Braking System, is a critical feature in modern vehicles that prevents wheels from locking up during braking, thereby enhancing control and stability. In this article, we will discuss the significance of ABS components and why they are essential for your vehicle's overall performance and safety.
1. Understanding ABS Components
ABS components are a complex system of parts that work together seamlessly to enhance your vehicle's braking capabilities. The main components typically include:
• 1.1 ABS Control Module: This electronic control unit is responsible for monitoring wheel speed and determining when to apply brake pressure to individual wheels.
• 1.2 Wheel Speed Sensors: These sensors detect the rotational speed of each wheel and provide crucial information to the ABS control module.
• 1.3 Hydraulic Unit: The hydraulic unit consists of valves that regulate brake pressure for each wheel, ensuring optimal braking performance.
• 1.4 ABS Pump: The pump is responsible for maintaining the required brake fluid pressure within the system.
2. The Benefits of ABS Components
ABS components offer a wide range of benefits that significantly improve your driving experience. Here are some key advantages:
2.1 Enhanced Safety
The primary purpose of ABS components is to enhance safety on the road. By preventing wheel lock-up, ABS allows drivers to maintain steering control even during sudden braking, reducing the risk of accidents. This technology is particularly valuable in adverse weather conditions, such as rain or snow, where road grip is compromised.
2.2 Reduced Braking Distance
ABS components help to reduce the braking distance, allowing you to stop your vehicle more efficiently. By preventing wheel lock-up, ABS ensures that the tires maintain traction with the road surface, enabling shorter stopping distances. This feature is especially crucial in emergency situations, where every inch can make a significant difference.
2.3 Improved Vehicle Stability
With ABS components, your vehicle's stability is greatly enhanced. By preventing the wheels from locking up, ABS allows you to maintain better control over the vehicle during braking, especially on uneven or slippery surfaces. This increased stability significantly reduces the chances of skidding or losing control, providing a safer driving experience.
3. Choosing the Best Quality ABS Components
Now that we understand the importance of ABS components, it is equally crucial to select the best quality parts for your vehicle. Here are a few factors to consider:
3.1 OEM or Aftermarket
When choosing ABS components, you have the option of selecting OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts or aftermarket alternatives. OEM parts are made by the vehicle's original manufacturer and are known for their precise fit and reliability. Aftermarket parts, on the other hand, are produced by third-party manufacturers and may vary in terms of quality. It is recommended to opt for OEM parts whenever possible to ensure optimal performance and compatibility.
3.2 Quality and Durability
ABS components are crucial for your vehicle's safety, so it is essential to prioritize quality and durability. Look for components that are made from high-quality materials and have undergone rigorous testing to meet industry standards. Additionally, consider purchasing ABS components from reputable suppliers or authorized dealers to guarantee their authenticity.
3.3 Compatibility
Each vehicle has specific ABS requirements, so ensure that the components you purchase are compatible with your make and model. Refer to your vehicle's manual or consult with a professional to determine the correct parts for your vehicle's ABS system.
4. Conclusion
ABS components play a fundamental role in the auto parts and supplies industry, offering enhanced safety, reduced braking distance, and improved vehicle stability. When selecting ABS components, prioritize quality, durability, and compatibility to ensure optimal performance. Remember, investing in top-notch ABS components not only benefits your vehicle but also provides peace of mind on the road. So, make the right choice and prioritize your safety by choosing the best ABS components for your vehicle. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:John F. Kennedy/Archive 3
Our newest little contributor
These are the details for the person who removed the entire biography section:
<IP_ADDRESS>
Reverse DNS: suhsd-pat.suhsd.net. Reverse DNS authenticity: [Could be forged: hostname suhsd-pat.suhsd.net. does not exist] ASN: 22291 ASN Name: CHARTER-LA IP range connectivity: 4 Registrar (per ASN): ARIN Country (per IP registrar): US [United States] Country IP Range: <IP_ADDRESS> to <IP_ADDRESS> Country fraud profile: Normal City (per outside source): Redding, California Country (per outside source): US [United States] Private (internal) IP? No IP address registrar: BOGUS Known Proxy? No Link for WHOIS: <IP_ADDRESS>
This information is in the public domain and easily accessible.
Criticism Section
The 'Criticism' section on this article is still an absurdity and is in fact growing exponenially in size. There is little justification for hardly any of it, and it amounts to little more than eccentric over-egging of minor squabbles - Kennedy's presidency is by no means anywhere near as controversial as that of, say, Clinton or either of the Bushs or Nixon's. It is small wonder this article fails to reach a level of quality to be regarded as a valuable piece of writing. The entire section should either be scrapped or rewritten to include no more than 3 sentences. The section is laughably immature. Get rid of it or rewrite it.Iamlondon 19:24, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
Did JFK ever teach/become a teacher?
I am a teacher at a private school in Indonesia who received a lot of incoming students from a nearby Catholic school operated by a congregation of nuns. One of the parents whose son used to attend the Catholic school claimed that the head of the school, a very old nun, wrote in her biography that she was one of the favourite students of JFK. As far as I could remember, JFK did not have any sort of teaching experience whether it is in elementary, secondary or tertiary level. Could anybody confirm that JFK did ever teach? I probably will investigate further into her biography. Pboy2k5 16:33, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
Zapruder film
A silouette that appears to be a person with a rifle can be seen from frames 420 to 485 of the Zapruder film. The silouette moves similarly to the way the human body moves; at one point it appears to hunch its shoulders. The silouette is in a portion of the frame the does not move with the background. This suggests that it is a reflection. Possibly from light entering through the eye piece and onto the film. This happens on Aaton 16mm cameras if you leave the eye peice oncovered (i.e. take your eye away from it). I don't know weather anyone has looked into this before, but I think it should be concidered for entry into the wiki article on JFK.
Every frame of the film can be found here - http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n2/zfilm/zframe485.html. Ethoen 02:51, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
* This belongs in the JFK Assassination page, not the JFK page.JettaMann 16:22, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
Born in 20th Century - Trivia
I've noticed, with some amusement, that this trivia line is one of the most edited. Why people don't understand it I'll never know...it's quite straightforward: Kennedy was the first president of the 20th century presidents who was himself born in the 20th century. I,e Eisenhower and all preceding presidents of the 20th century were born in the 19th century but Kennedy was born in 1917. That Trivia line must have been edited 10 times by now! :o) Iamlondon 17:17, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
* I've made the point clear to avoid disambiguation and confusion: Kennedy was the first 20th century born U.S. president and LBJ was the first president born in the 20th century (chronologically). SNIyer12 21:38, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
Assassination
The entire section is far too long and detailed. It all belongs (and indeed already exists in) the JFK Assassination article. It ought to read no more than two sentences - 1. That he was shot, and 2. That there is great controversy as to who the culprits were. As it stands it doesn't really have much to do with the life and career of JFKIamlondon 16:31, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* It's not inordinately long, considering the traumatic effect his assassination had on the nation, & is in large part responsible for the sentimental way he is remembered. It has been pared down considerably from what it once was. Achilles2006 17:39, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* Fair enough. I don't feel inordinately strongly either way...my personal opinion is that it is distractive. But hey...people may indeed come here looking for info on his death. Though as a POV, I think it's more sorrow than sentiment at his death. But that's irrelevant.Iamlondon 02:39, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
Vandalism
Readers / Editors - I'm in the process of reporting 'Achilles2006' and his / her IPN to Wiki for subtle and blatant acts of vandalism to all pages relating to President Kennedy. I urge you to pay specific attention to this individual's contributions (easily attainable by reference to DSN Search at Google). Their DSN result doesn't change, hence their access to these articles can be banned. If you spot further abuses please report them to Wiki's staff as I have done. They will ban all such members.
* At least you could have signed your complaint. Achilles2006 20:36, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
* Oh, and guys, Achilles2006 is now also trying to have the line about the Kennedy men sleeping with Monroe added to an article on the said woman.Just another FYIIamlondon 00:29, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* Making things up now, I see. I added one question in the Monroe talk section- in response to an unsigned defense of RFK-- must have been from you. Achilles2006 10:54, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* Trust me, the omission was an accident. So here, it's signed, people are fed up enough already. Iamlondon 23:58, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
* People? Achilles2006 11:18, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
Red Tie Durring the Debate with Nixon
I believe Kennedy wore a red tie during the debate with Nixon which was said to have a positive psychological impact on those who viewed the debate. Wearing a red tie during debates was seen again during the election of 2000 between Gore and Bush, where both tried to capitalize on that, and they both ended up wearing red ties. Does anyone else know more about this, and can it be included in the article Malamockq 14:05, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
* Only problem with that theory is that the debate was broadcast in Black and White !
* I believe it was one of the first broadcasts availible in color. I could be mistaken though. Malamockq 17:32, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Nope, it was saw by most people in black and white. Color televisions hadn't been in widespread use until the late sixties. It was probably produced in color though, as colorcasting began in the early 50's. Ramsquire 00:16, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
* In theory it might have helped provoke a response in the studio audience though (was there one?), which would have then possibly spread to the viewers. It does all sound like superstitious trash though, trying to find an edge anywhere.
Last Will and Testament of John F. Kennedy
We wish to advise everyone that we (the Living Trust Network) have a copy of John F. Kennedy's Last Will and Testament posted on our website, which we believe is of interest to anyone seeking information about the life of John F. Kennedy. We have also discussed our desire to post a link to John F. Kennedy's Last Will and Testament with Wikipedia administrators [See User talk:Livingtrust], either under "references" or "external links." Last Will and Testament of John F. Kennedy. Wikipedia does not object to the link but has requested that we not put the link up ourselves since we are a commercial website. Instead, it has requested that we make it known that the Last Will and Testament is available, and anyone who wishes to add the link to the "reference" section or the "external links" section may do so. So, we solicite your help in adding the link set forth above. Thanks. Livingtrust 02:45, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
Movie reverts
I just wanted to note that I reverted an anonymous edit that changed the list of movies such that one on the list named the director instead of the actor who played Kennedy, when every other entry lists Kennedy's actor. To preserve consistency, I've reverted. Cheers! Chuchunezumi 23:44, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
Conally
In the 'assasination' section we read: ' Texas Governor John Conally survived the bullet he received. ' . This is a bit unclear, Why was Conally there, where did the bullet come from, where was Conally located, who shot it. Marminnetje 03:44, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
motorcade pic source?
Image:JFKmotorcade.jpg may be automatically deleted due to not having source info. I've searched and so far have only come up with http://www.cyberpoems.com/9-2/grassyknoll.htm which identifies it as a Bettman/Corbis file, but I haven't been able to verify it, nor identify the photographer. I believe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:HistoricPhoto can be asserted, but it needs source info first. TransUtopian 01:17, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
* Thanks for researching the photo. Hopefully someone will be able to to provide a source. It would be a shame to lose this photo from Wikipedia. Mytwocents 04:38, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
* Thanks! I believe I've found the copyright holder and photographer, and have added fair use reasoning (the same as in another photo on the JFK assassination page), so hopefully that'll suss it. OrphanBot tags pics without source info and the like for auto-removal several times an hour, so if anyone likes doing research like that, bookmark Special:Contributions/OrphanBot. --TransUtopian 12:46, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
Criticisms section
"rumors exist" that JFK had an affair with Marilyn Monroe? Does anyone really doubt it? More seriously, why no mention of his affair with Judith Campbell carried on at the same time as her affair with Sam Giancana- mob boss of Chicago & conspirator with the CIA in assassination plots against Castro? Achilles2006 13:24, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* Fix it. This article is complete Pro-Kennedy. There is very little about Vietnam. All it states about Vietnam is pure Kennedy propaganda: "Kennedy followed the policy of the previous Administration." Huh? I'm going to focus on Vietnam. You can focus on Kennedy's extra-martial affairs.--Getaway 15:25, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* Good luck. I've noticed people get emotional when there is criticism of St JackAchilles2006 00:30, 22 August 2006 (UTC) Achilles2006
* My additions to the 'Criticisms' section were reverted rather quickly. Achilles2006 18:53, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
* No unsourced rumors will be allowed in this article. Only reliable sources can be used and they must be explictly cited. Rjensen 19:15, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
* There were plenty of rumors in the Assassinations section naming inviduals with no evidence- didn't you people learn anything from the John Siegenthaler disaster? Marilyn Monroe admitted to reporters like James Bacon her relationship with both Kennedy brothers. Angie Dickinson has publically admitted numerous times her affair with JFK- I saw her do it on the Johnny Carson show. The Sen."Church Cmte" established the 3-way relationship of JFK/Campbell/Giancana, at the same time Giancana was plotting with the CIA to kill Castro. JFK's friend Chuck Spalding has admitted that he & the 1st couple were patients of Max Jacobson- Spalding stopped, & unsuccesfully tried to persuade the President to stop. There are no sworn statements from JFK that he did any of these things. The man has been dead for 43yrs. Isn't it about time the media myth was ended? 00:15, 23 August 2006 (UTC) Achilles2006
I am glad to see that most of the pointless chit-chat has been removed at last and that this article is now starting to look like a serious encyclopedia entry instead of something from 'National Enquirer'! I would remind the people with all the various fetishes and animosities towards President Kennedy that this is not a chat forum but a site aiming at producing a valued article about a statesman. Hence 'criticisms' are nearly 100% irrelevant when concerned with the man's private life. As to this whole nonsense about Marilyn Monroe...I think it would be obvious to anyone with just half a brain that the unfortunate Miss Monroe was a fantasist with severe emotional problems who clung to her fantasies. There is not one person who knew her personally who would be able to verify or state on oath that Monroe had any form of physical relationship with JFK. JFK slept around (an irrelevancy in my book) but Monroe was not one of his affairs. Pure and Simple.Iamlondon 13:58, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* I don't see the removed text as that damaging from my personal perspective (though certainly understand why others view it differently). I won't readd it because I understand the desire to make an excellent article with only the most reliable sources. Not that I don't believe magazines, newspapers and TV programmes reported this, but that AFAIK none of them would be what WP would strictly consider WP:RS.
* I'd like to just keep this portion here on the talk page for reference.
* "Kennedy was also known to have had a long history of extramarital affairs including Marilyn Monroe, who confided her relationship with both Kennedy brothers to several reporters including James Bacon, and Angie Dickinson who has admitted it publically on television. More seriously, according to the US Senate Church Committee, he carried on an affair with Judith Campbell Exner, who was simultaneously having an affair with Sam Giancana, the boss of the Chicago Mafia, while Giancana was conspiring with the CIA to assassinate Fidel Castro. Kennedy was also rumored to have had an affair with suspected East German agent Ellen Rometsch.
* According to longtime JFK friend Charles Spalding, both Kennedy and his wife were patients, throughout his Presidency, of Dr. Max Jacobson. Known by the nickname "Dr. Feelgood" because he injected his patients with an amphetamine mixture of his own concoction. Dr. Jacobson accompanied the Kennedy's on their 1961 trip to Europe for the Vienna summit with Khrushchev. Later in the 1960s, Jacobson was stripped of his medical license by the state of New York." TransUtopian 15:03, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* Lam, you must be the only peron in the world who doesn't believe the Marilyn Monroe story. Angie Dicikinson has admitted it. What excuse do you have for excluding the Judith Campbell episode- the Senate discovered that, & it is relevent that one of the biggest crime bosses in the country shared a mistress with the President, while conspiring to kill a foreign leader. An d how can you say with such certainty that Monroe was not one of his affairs? Achilles2006 19:54, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* Er...I have little interest in whether he slept with Monroe or not - what I am concerned with is providing a worthy article, not some tatler article for conspiracy theorists and celebrity gossip journalists. I think you fail categorically to understand the difference - hence your use of this misleading word, "Admit". If I "admit" that I slept with the Queen of England without demonstrating evidence does that still mean I did in fact sleep with the Queen?! This is supposed to be an encyclopedia.Iamlondon 21:13, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* An encyclopedia? I was under the impression that you were using it to maintain the iconic stature of the Kennedys, despite the revelations of their abuses (in government & personally) over the last 30 yrs. Achilles2006 23:43, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* Fact is that celebrities (or their press agents) "admit" to having affairs with super-glamorous people like JFK, whether they did so or not. Rjensen 18:40, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* I'll stick to Judy Campbell. She didn't "admit it" until the US Senate dragged her into it. Though I think you are either very naive, or, duplicitous if you really believe JFK wasn't with Monroe & Dickinson. Achilles2006 19:54, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
It doesn't matter what either of you think at this point. Until the editor arguing for inclusion comes up with a verifiable source re: these affairs, it can't go in the article anyway. Once such source is found, we'll then discuss whether it is true or not. Keeping in mind that truth is not as important as verifiability. Ramsquire 21:32, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* I completely agree. Which is all I ever said. Sure - I argued that it is irrelevant nonsense but essentially my complaint has been, and remains, the same - this is an encyclopedia and not National Enquirer. Why is FDR not accused of 'telling serious lies' to the public about the severity of his illness in the FDR article for example? Because he didn't sleep around, as far as we know. QED this article is being used to curious moralising oddballs to throw in their varying slices of moral code / objection.Iamlondon 21:17, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* FDR should be criticized for lying to the people, during the 1940 campaign, concerning his intentions toward the war.
* BTW, it's not "moralising", it's trying to counter the propaganda perpetuated by "Camelot" zealots. Achilles2006 23:43, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* "truth is not as important as verifiability"? Sounds like legalistic nonsense. If that is the standard, then this article should not exist. The biographies that these editors consider "reputable" (Schlesinger, et al) were written by JFK's close associates, & participants in his Administration. They regard the biographies written by others (Hersh, T. Reeves, et al) as "critcal" & suspect. Achilles2006 19:19, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* Verifiable source like a Senate session transcript under oath? The previous version mentions the US Senate Church Committee in relation to Ms. Campbell. I don't know if such a thing exists or is accessible, but would something like that fall under verifiable (which you could then discuss the truth of the statement itself)? TransUtopian 22:40, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* To me, that would be a start. Usually U.S. Senate transcripts, are part of the Public Record and can be accessed relatively easily. Note: After re-reading my original post, it seems to be much harsher than I meant it. I apologize if it came across the wrong way to anybody. Ramsquire 22:52, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* Senate transcripts = originial research and very hard to use because full of contradictions. better use a reputable biography that analyzes the testimony and decides what is valid. -- that is job for the scholar, not the Wiki editor. Rjensen 23:22, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* Under WP:RS, a primary source such as a U.S. Senate transcript should be fine if it is has been made available by a reliable publisher, i.e. stenographer. Nevertheless I see your point and Wiki does encourage seconday sources over primary one. But if the entry he seeks to put in is "X claims she had an affair with JFK" a transcript of X's Senate testimony, under oath, should be sufficient verifiability that X did claim an affair with JFK. However, the cite wouldn't be sufficient to state that X actually had an affair with JFK.Ramsquire 23:32, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* What Wiki wants is an evaluation of the testimony -- and other evidence-- done by a reliable scholar. It's almost impossible to rely on Congressional testimony without looking at a lot of other sources. Specialists do that-- not Wiki editors. Another point: if the biographers do NOT include a topic they know about that's a very good reason for Wiki to avoid it. There is a vast amount of speculation about JFK, most of it contradictory. Rjensen 23:45, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* I think we're crossing signals here. I am not saying that a Senate transcript would automatically allow the info to go into the article. I said it would be a start, especially since right now we have nothing. Once presented with something, we can then have a debate (and I suspect that at that time, we'd probably be on the same side of the debate). Also, I am not saying that the transcript, if it even exists, would be sufficient to state as fact that Kennedy had an affair, it clearly wouldn't. But if the entry that started this whole hub-bub (and I admit to being ignorant to what was originally in the article) is simply that someone claimed to have an affair with Mr. Kennedy then a transcript of that person saying it (saying in the transcript "I had an affair with JFK"), released through a reliable publisher, would be sufficient to verify only that said person said they had an affair. If the editor, wanted to put in "Kennedy had an affair" and cite it to the transcript, then it would be improper. The policy is not a blanket prohibition: Wikipedia articles may use primary sources only if they have been published by a reliable publisher e.g. trial transcripts published by a court stenographer, or historic documents that appear in edited collections. We may not use primary sources whose information has not been made available by a reliable publisher. So until we see the source and find out exactly what he wants to do with it, we shouldn't take a position, yet. It may fit through that narrow hole. However, I understand that you probably have a better idea of the origins of this dispute than I and are more familiar with the editors who are pressing this issue, so I will defer to your objections. Ramsquire 00:05, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* It's my understanding that the Senate Cmte was investigating CIA/Giancana links to assassination attempts on Castro, & came across old FBI surveillance reports on Giancana-- the FBI had records of phone calls/meetings between Giancana & Campbell, & when they began to investigate her, the FBI discovered frequent phone calls between Campbell & Evelyn Lincoln's (JFK's secretary) office, & her traveling to "meetings" with the President. As far as I know, there is no photographic evidence of what went on between the 2, but given that Campbell was a young 'party girl' from Frank Sinatra's circle, IMO reasonable people can safely assume the nature of their meetings. Achilles2006 05:42, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
So the question would then be: Are there reliable scholars who have published works documenting multiple reliable sources that JFK had an affair with a particular woman? My guess is: There are self-proclaimed scholars, but none WP would consider reliable because they don't base their conclusion on multiple reliable sources? (Or construct a false conclusion from loosely-tied-together evidence)
Repeating my disclaimer: I know virtually nothing about this and am not pushing to get this in the article. Just fostering discussion: Which scholars, books, sources, to try and reach a consensus. TransUtopian 01:55, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* Plot thickens: O'Brien (2005) has thorough a 13-page coverage Campbell-Exner (plus much more on all/most of the other girlfriends.) Campbell-Exner wrote her autobiography, and testified to Congress. O'Brien says (p 687) she definitely lied in her book and to the Senate. Moral: Wiki should rely on scholars who cross-check many sources; we should avoid reliance on primary sources that we have to use OR to interpret. Rjensen 06:10, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* Yeah but she still said it. That's exactly what I was saying, people say things all the time, it doesn't mean it's true though. After reading more about this issue it does seem that the information is innuendo, rumor and speculation and cannot be cured by any kind of sourcing. We would have to do the whole tit for tat thing where we have one sentence laying out the accusation and another sentence rebutting it. It's not really necessary for Wiki purposes. Ramsquire 17:08, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* Campbell's testimony/writings are irrelevent-- Senate investigators used old FBI surveillance reports to establish the JFK/Campbell/Giancana connection. That's how they discovered her existence. Giancana was called to testify, but was murdered before that could happen. Achilles2006 19:19, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
* If that's the case, then the Senate transcript would not be a proper source for the entry, and Rjensen would be accurate. It would violate WP:OR.Ramsquire 22:46, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
* With your judicial-sounding 'rulings', are you some sort of official Wiki watchdog?
* As far as I can find, the fact of a JFK/Campbell/Giancana connection seems undisputed by historians/journalists/etc. The nature of the connection is what's up for debate here. What do the others think the 3 involved were doing? Frankly, I find the sex angle the most plausible-- Sinatra introduced her to both men, & I doubt JFK was consulting with her over the Berlin crisis, & I doubt Momo Giancana discussed the skim from the Las Vegas casinos with her. I am open to the possibilty she was a communications conduit between the the 2 men. Achilles2006 23:27, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
* If it is undisputed by historians, journalist, etc., then you should have no problem finding a reliable secondary source. I am only trying to help here, but if getting called names is going to be the result of it, then I shouldn't bother. Wiki's policy on sourcing is clear. if it makes me a watchdog to know them and encourage users to abide by it, then I guess I am a Wiki watchdog. Ramsquire 23:34, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
* I'm not calling you names, just trying to learn how you fit in. You sound like some sort of official. Achilles2006 23:42, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry if I took it the wrong way. I have no official position at Wiki, yet, but I have been here since '04, so I have some understanding of the lay of the land. However, yesterday I was in a long discussion with Rjensen arguing to let you present your evidence before saying no, and now I seem to be on the verge of one with you today going the other way. Maybe I'm starting to develop Wiki stress. Ramsquire 23:54, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
* Offhand, 'The Kennedys' by Collier & Horowitz, & 'A Question of Character' by Thomas Reeves, are 2 books which recount the episode. Just look up Judith Campbell in the index. Achilles2006 00:11, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
Assassinations section
At the end, it mentions individuals, with little or no evidence. And it also brings in the Mossad. All speculation. I don't think it should be here. Achilles2006 13:31, 19 August 2006 (UTC) Achilles2006
* Can we just agree to keep the details of the assassination in the JFK assassination page? We hsould only state: 1) An assassination occurred (date, time, etc...). 2) The facts are disputed by many (then point to the assassination page via link in the same sentence).JettaMann 16:28, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
Redirect JFK here?
I'd like to argue that when most people type in JFK to WP's search box, they're looking for this article, and not the film, the airport, etc. Granted, those two things are pretty popular, but I still advocate having JFK point here, adding the following at the top of the page
moving JFK to JFK (disambiguation). It'd be like a WP shortcut here, though one in extensive use outside WP, as long as there's a consensus that most searching for the other meanings don't mind an extra click. It's hard to get a reliable source on my argument without a straw poll or before discussion.
Ghits for JFK -airport -movie = 13.4 million JFK airport = 12.9 million JFK movie = 4.9 million
However, there are many articles about the president which also mention the airport named for him, so up that first number by a bit.
I didn't find discussion in the edit summary for JFK, its talk page or this talk page, so rather than a potentially time-wasting revert (I wouldn't war), I'd like to bring it up here. TransUtopian 15:24, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
Early Political Career
Why so little about JFK's early career? The Joe McCarthy/Civil Rights Act of 1957 sections keep getting reverted? Why ? They were 2 of the biggest issues of the 1950s, & affected the way he was perceived by the public, & other politicians. Achilles2006 23:08, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* That is major, so I'm not sure why some misguided JFK protector is reverting your changes. I would add them and put a direct, reliable web reference next to the information. JettaMann 16:29, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
Vietnam War in Legacy Section
The US military incursions into South Vietnam did not represent a cause for lack of trust in American politics and Government by the time of Kennedy's death in 1963. Hence the removal of the line concerning Kennedy and Johnson. That much is clear and so the suggestion that people had already begun to despair of government on the massive scale of the years immediately succeeding Kennedy's death is erroneous and possibly misleading. The President who stands out, in the minds of those who were anti-Vietnam, was Johnson. Please refer to Vietnam War for further discussion of this, and Kennedy's limited contribution to the scale the Vietnam War was to take in the succeeding years. By the time of Kennedy's death the situation in South Vietnam had not escalated. Timing is thus very much part of the reason the American electorate still sees the Kennedy administration's legacy in such positive light (whether it be justified or otherwise).Iamlondon 15:11, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
* Fact remains that Kennedy is the President that sent in 18,000 advisors, napalm, etc. Kennedy brought the U.S. deeper into the conflict. Kennedy is part of the Vietnam story.--Getaway 16:23, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
* I think you're missing the point...let's not turn this into a pointless ego war - you can easily put your remark in another section - it is completely out of place in the paragraph it currently sits in.Iamlondon 00:32, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
* The country only hadn't lost trust because Kennedy had lied to them and gotten away with it, as the Pentagon Papers prove. Ellsberg makes clear in subsequent interviews that he was aware of government deception as far back as the Kennedy administration, and in retrospect wishes he had leaked the Pentagon Papers much earlier. This seems pretty well established by now---deception started with Kennedy, and continued through Johnson and Nixon. In conventional histories of the Vietnam War it is said to have started under Kennedy, so this certainly seems to be well-established as part of his legacy. --Delirium 03:19, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
POV paragraph
The following is an example of furtive POV edits:
"Despite his professed admiration for people showing political courage, that same year he demonstrated his political suppleness with the Civil Rights Act of 1957, by voting for final passage, after having earlier voted for the "Jury Trial Amendment," which effectively rendered the Act toothless. He was able to tell both sides of the debate that he had voted with them."
The language is blatant, the content debatable, the closing sentence relying on skewed inference. It's been reverted enough times now for it to be rewritten or left out. Don't be breakin' them guidelines, people...this relies on at least some form of workable consensus (more's the pity).Iamlondon 11:53, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* You are well aware of the revert habits of Griot. Achilles2006 20:53, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Iamlondon, your edits are more suspicious than anyone. You seem to be one of these people who object to facts coming out about Saint JFK, regardless of whether or not it is truthful.JettaMann 16:32, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
* FACT- JFK voted for final passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, after he voted for the Jury Trial Amendment. That amendment rendered the Act useless, because no convictions could possibly be attained. Do you dispute that?
* Jfk's dealing with the Joe McCarthy (& his father's open support, & his brother's working for McCarthy) issue was viewed with suspicion by the liberal wing of the Dem Party- Eleanor Roosevelt in particular. Do you deny that? Achilles2006 20:06, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Just assert the facts and cite them. Don't render your opinions on those facts. A simple re-write such as:"JFK voted for final passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, after having earlier voted for the "Jury Trial Amendment" (Name of the source of researcher or researchers) believe the JTA effectively rendered the Act toothless. (add cite here)" would make the text less POV. Ramsquire 20:21, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* I did. Achilles2006 20:28, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* The last version was more NPOV than the earliers ones. But it still isn't all the way there. The POV language is in bold: That same year he demonstrated his political suppleness with the Civil Rights Act of 1957, by voting for final passage, after having earlier voted for the "Jury Trial Amendment", which effectively rendered the Act toothless, because convictions for violations could not be obtained. He was able to tell both sides of the debate that he had voted with them. [T Reeves, "A Question of Character', p 140]
* I understand that you are citing to the source, but the problem is, the source is giving an opinion. But you are stating that opinion as a fact. Attribute the opinion to the person making it, and make clear that it isn't a fact. A simple blurb about the author, his qualifications, and attribution of his opinion, should make the sentence NPOV.
* You'll probably need to make the same type of edits to the McCarthy entry as well. Please be aware of the three-revert rule. In a show of good faith, I won't revert what's there now, and will give you an opportunity to fix it. However, please be aware that if another editor reverts you edit, you may be blocked if it is reported. Please make your changes now. Ramsquire 21:07, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Ramsquire 21:07, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* I would like to point out that editor Griot reverts entire sections of the article. Although invited to discuss his reasons, he declines, & continues reverting entire sections. I would suggest you also look at the Robert F Kennedy article-- it is pov to the point of idolatry. Achilles2006 21:13, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* I'm busted. I have not read the entire article, only the recent edits. But to be fair, I probably should so I shall do so now. Ramsquire 21:28, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
The RFK article is a work in progress, it is far from perfect but does not gain by becoming your personal battleground. Your contribution to date has been to do nothing constructive other than question any positive moments in Robert Kennedy's career and/or turn the article into a page about who shot whom and who was worse - JFK or RFK. I don't believe, after having tried to hand you concessions myself, that you have proved yourself as having a helpful interest in either that article on this one. Iamlondon 21:41, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* I can point out portions of the RFK article that I wrote that you apparently haven't noticed. You got upset only when I mentioned Marilyn Monroe, & have been obstructionist ever since- often threatening me with banning. In the article I mentioned nothing about "who shot who", but merely wanted included that RFK did not tell the Warren Comm about US govt plots against foreign leaders. Achilles2006 21:52, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* I beg to differ entirely on the above statement. And that would be one POV I'm entitled to. I'm just curious as to whether there is a figure you *admire* and whether you have made contributions to those articles. And where Monroe is concerned, I'm not the one who inserted a mention of her which lacks any serious support via evidence. I'm no fan of Adolf Hitler's and there are allegations that he was in fact homosexual. I have made no attempt to go to his article and declare that "Adolf Hitler was a homosexual, loads of troops from his unit in WWI said so". Iamlondon 22:07, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* You've threatened me with banning at least twice.
* I have made contributions to the RFK article that you haven't objected to. Achilles2006 22:16, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
POV?
After reading through this article, I only have two complaints. The entire introductions was ripped word for word from this site without attribution, and there are some citations that need to be added. I'll be adding the tags where they are needed over the next day or so. However, I don't think the article is overly POV in any direction. It is positive, but that doesn't mean it's POV. Ramsquire 21:58, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Seconded. Some citations needed but a good article nonetheless.Iamlondon 22:10, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* No objection. Though I suggest you watch for frequent, wholesale, & widespread, deletions. From Griot, in particular. Achilles2006 22:18, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
That site attributes its pageS to wikipedia --JimWae 22:50, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Oooh, I needed my reading glasses to notice what that link said. I stand corrected. Ramsquire 22:56, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
Unclear?
Is it just me,or does this paragraph seem quite unclear?
"it came to be known that Kennedy carried on numerous extra-marital dalliances throughout his presidency, all connived at by those members of the presidential staff and members of the press who were aware of them at the time"
in particular "it came to be known","extra-marital dalliances " and "all connived at by ".
I'd rather not rewrite these paragraphs because I don't know much about John F Kennedy or his life.Serenacw 03:04, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
It's entirely clear. Why do you have a problem with it? Masalai 08:08, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
Um,'it came to be known'(by who?) and 'connived at'(connived isn't even a word,according to a wiktionary search.Serenacw 08:25, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
It came generally to be known. Check any biography of JFK beyond 1970, most recently Dallek, but also memoirs of Kennedy intimates such as Benjamin Bradlee (A Good Life). As for "connived at," look in a dictionary. It means they turned a blind eye. This isn't the place to discuss the meaning of English words. Masalai 11:48, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
Sure,it's not the place to discuss meanings of words,but wikipedia is an encyclopaedia.The meanings of the words in their context are important too.Serenacw 02:44, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
abortion & birth control
The issue in the 1950s was birth control (not abortion) and Kennedy always refused to discuss his position on birth control(he was never asked about abortion). Many Protestants thought he was controlled by the bishops, but he vigorously denied that--so much so that Martin Marty concluded JFK was "spiritually rootless and disturbingly secular." That is, JFK's thinking and actions were less motivated by religion than other presidents (though he did attend Mass every sunday) See O'brien bio pp 417ff quote p 419 Rjensen 00:53, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
anything salvageable from this?
urrent revision (21:23, 22 September 2006) (edit) Ramsquire (Talk | contribs) (rv please stop inserting this unsourced opinion piece into the article.) Line 251: Line 251: Source: Source: - - No fewer than 43 raters, consider him overrated. An essay by Akhil Reed Amar of Yale Law School faults JFK for appeasing Southern Democrats by stocking the lower federal bench with "notorious segregationists"; the best civil rights judges were Eisenhower appointees. And with the appointment of his brother as attorney general, he tried to found a political dynasty, abhorred by the Founding Fathers. "The metaphor of Camelot, after all, is ultimately un-American and undemocratic, conjuring up images of crowns and dashing young princes and noble birth." - - His callowness and amorality got us into Vietnam. Or to be more precise, his blunders turned a limited commitment into an open-ended one. One of the few specific pieces of advice Gen. Eisenhower gave his young successor was to put American troops in Laos, that is, astride what later became the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Instead, Kennedy sent Averell Harriman and Roger Hilsman out to negotiate an agreement on Laos, which of course gave Ho the access he wanted. - - Infiltration and subversion increased in South Vietnam. With Buddhist bonzes committing self-immolation, the best and brightest argued the problem was the Catholic recalcitrance of our ally, Ngo Dinh Diem. President Kennedy authorized a coup against Diem; the generals who took over killed him on Nov. 2, 1963. On Nov. 22, Kennedy was assassinated; his martyrdom fixed his reputation. - - Yet the pieces, and much of the blame, fell to Lyndon B. Johnson. Just before moving into the White House, Ellen Hammer has reported, the new president showed Hubert Humphrey a picture of Diem. "We had a hand in killing him," LBJ said. "Now it's happening here." Johnson of course made his own errors, but the die was already cast. In overthrowing an ally in the name of winning the war, the U.S. had made a commitment from which it could scarcely walk away. Many of Kennedy's admirers later became war protesters, of course, chanting that American society was immoral. - - These two presidential images are reflected in today's debates over economic policy, foreign interventions, the role of morality in politics. Not least, they raise far broader questions about whatever other myths are propagated today by the conventional wisdom that rates Kennedy a hero.
* Very little of it because of WP:RS. Rob Bartley's article is a reliable source for his opinion. However, it is not a reliable source to state as fact, that Kennedy's "callowness and amorality got us into Vietnam" as well as other portions of this passage. As Bartley didn't state his sources for his opinion, they can't be reprinted here as fact. Ramsquire 18:29, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
Change of image?
I want to change the first image of the page to a public domain image of Kennedy from the presidential library. Unless there are objections, I will change the picture. --Blue387 05:14, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
* Are you thinking of reverting to the photo that was there before? The copyright holder of a the current photograph offered it as good faith improvement. If you have another photo beside the one that was up before, I guess we can see if it is yet another improvement. Ramsquire 17:25, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
* My proposed image is this, except the larger public domain version from the JFK Library. I was going to change it earlier but this person beat me to it. We can keep the other picture in the article, say, move it down to the presidency section. --Blue387 18:07, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
* I reverted it to the previous photo because the new one, while it is in color, is low res and is not a very good image of Kennedy since his eyes are practically closed. --tomf688 (talk - email) 02:28, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
* However, either of the subsequent ones is considerably more attractive than this one, whose lack of appeal is so extreme as almost to constitute an implied editorial comment to the effect that Kennedy was often in poor health, notwithstanding the image he projected of energy, vigour and charisma. Masalai 04:47, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
* I only wanted to help, my uncle was a rather private man for a news photographer even up to his retirement, he took this picture while the handsome and charismatic youthful president was answering questions from various radio news, and tv reporters, in the late afternoon at the family compound in a Hyannis, Massachusetts one weekend saturday that last summer, the photograph was only taken a few weeks before his death, at "the Summer White House" August 1963.
* my uncles malachi's work is listed even more on wikicommons, i have all the copyrights, i'll publish a higher resolution photo version, when i'm next in nyc to visit some relatives in brooklyn heights in late November,'06.
(cathytreks 01:13, 4 October 2006 (UTC))
If you can provide a better photo where he is not squinting, that would definitely be much better. The lead photo should project the clearest possible image of the subject in question; the one right now is pretty bad because you can't see his eyes. Masalai, that particular image that I had replaced the color one with was the best photograph I could find in the Library of Congress' online catalog, and I'm not quite sure what you have against it. It is a photo of what he looked like, whether we like it or not. --tomf688 (talk - email) 19:10, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
Can anyone identify the decoration?
* Kudos to you, Catheryn, for a wonderful photograph. I followed Pres. Kennedy's administration very closely as a boy and adolescent, and I've never seen a photo that captures his persona as well as your uncle's. It is a great portrait. Thank you for allowing everyone to share your legacy. BTW---Does anyone happen to know what is draped around Kennedy's neck? It looks like some sort of medal or decoration. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:40, 30 October 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth
needs a little work
needs a little work<IP_ADDRESS> 19:08, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* Any problems in particular? Please clarify --WikiSlasher 12:34, 26 October 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:SpongeBob SquarePants season 3/GA2
GA Reassessment
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.''
* My main concerns for this article are criteria 1b and 2b. The summary writing feels very flowery and longer than it has to be, and this applies to every plot in the section. Additionally, "production codes" are given based on an IMDb-style user-generated site, which is not WP:RS. I don't want to make such a major change to this article by shortening the plots, so I'd like other opinions. Scrooge200 (talk) 23:16, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
* Hi Scrooge200, this has been open for awhile now, if you still feel the article does not meet the GA criteria would you like to close this as delist? CMD (talk) 16:23, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yeah, I still think there's major plot writing problems. We could delist this. Scrooge200 (talk) 16:36, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* As this is an individual reassessment, you are able to close this yourself per your own judgement. Let me know if you need any assistance with the technical side as noted in Good article reassessment. CMD (talk) 17:26, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* Are you ready to close this? I can help if you need a hand? Aircorn (talk) 01:58, 15 August 2021 (UTC)
* Yes, I'd be ready to close this and delist the article. I might not have Internet access for a while, though. Scrooge200 (talk) 17:48, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
* No problem. Let me know if you need a hand. Aircorn (talk) 23:00, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
* I will just close this as delist as it has been open for a very long time. Aircorn (talk) 19:19, 25 October 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Forum Xamarin.Forms
404 error on PostAsync on web service
JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Hello. I have a web service developed in PHP which receives a POST request with JSON data and saves an entity. I test the web service with Postman and it works OK.
I have a Xamarin.Forms project where I call this webservice, and from my PCL class I have this code:
public async Task GuardarSolicitud(Solicitud solicitud)
{
string RestUrl = "http://routetoapi";
var uri = new Uri(string.Format(RestUrl));
var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(solicitud);
var content = new StringContent(json, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
response = await client.PostAsync(uri, content); //Previously I do client = new HttpClient(); client.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 256000;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
await DisplayAlert("Ok", "Ok", "Ok");
}
else
{
await DisplayAlert("Error", response.StatusCode.ToString(), "ok");
}
}
In the client.PostAsync() method I get response error 404 with this details:
{StatusCode: 404, ReasonPhrase: 'Not Found', Version: 1.1, Content: System.Net.Http.StreamContent, Headers:
{
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2017 17:29:34 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30
X-DEBUGKIT-ID: 8c05b10e-a153-4ca3-af6f-04c65381ccba
Keep-Alive: timeout=10, max=200
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
}}
What can I do? Thanks!
Tagged:
Best Answer
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Accepted Answer
Well, I found the problem. The Xamarin code is OK, the problem is with the API. I am sending one extra key/value pair in the JSON which is not handled by the API. I don't understand why get 404 error and not 500, but deleting the extra key/value pair I get it working fine.
Answers
• DanielBarrrosAmorimDanielBarrrosAmorim BRUniversity ✭✭
Is the Resturl "http://routetoapi" correct? Is that your localhost?
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Yes, it's correct because I try it with postman. No, it isn't localhost. Is a public URL.
• DanielBarrrosAmorimDanielBarrrosAmorim BRUniversity ✭✭
It doesn't seem to be a public URL. Your machine or network is probably redirecting to another host.
Can you open this URL on the browser?
Are you using the Postman on the same machine?
On Mac, open the terminal and do a traceroute . If you are on windows, open cmd and try tracert . If possible send the print screen with the results.
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Yes, I can open in a browser (but get a notice because only receipts POST requests). Postman is used in same machine. I also open the URL in the webbrowser of the AVD and get the same notice if I open it in the PC.
Tracert not works because the URL is http://mydomain.com/api/abonados
Of course if I do tracert to mydomain.com works OK.
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Also, the GET method for the same URL (with one parameter) works fine from my AVD. The problem is only with the POST method!
• DanielBarrrosAmorimDanielBarrrosAmorim BRUniversity ✭✭
How is the header on Postman?
Do you any type of Authorization?
Maybe you could try to remove the Uri and use a String directly on the PostAsync.
Try this : await client.PostAsync("http://mydomain.com/api/abonados", content);
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Headers in Postman
Content-Type: application/json
Accept: application/json
I try removing the URI and putting directly the string of the URL but get the same error.
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
No authorization.
• JosecanallaJosecanalla ARMember ✭✭
Accepted Answer
Well, I found the problem. The Xamarin code is OK, the problem is with the API. I am sending one extra key/value pair in the JSON which is not handled by the API. I don't understand why get 404 error and not 500, but deleting the extra key/value pair I get it working fine.
• mohdali14mohdali14 Member
> @Josecanalla said:
> Well, I found the problem. The Xamarin code is OK, the problem is with the API. I am sending one extra key/value pair in the JSON which is not handled by the API. I don't understand why get 404 error and not 500, but deleting the extra key/value pair I get it working fine.
John
I have same issue . Everything works fine . But unable to post data . Getting 404 . Can you tell me where should i delete extra key value pair ?
• duyaduya Member
edited May 5
I had the same error and I probed the api with a software "postman" and It worked, I had to invoque the api like "Get" but with established method Post. This worked for me.
client.BaseAddress = new Uri("xxx/serviciorest/api/Registro/?Usuario="+ _nombre +"&Fono=" + _celular);
HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "");
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.SendAsync(request);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
await DisplayAlert("Information", "Registrado con éxito.", "Aceptar");
}
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Shouldering the Pain
The shoulder is a complex part of the body. It is also the most flexible joint that gives your arm the ability to rotate in almost any direction. Its complexity makes it vulnerable to various kinds of injuries.
Anatomy
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint where the humerus fits into the scapula. The shoulder’s wide rant of motion is due to the all-important rotator cuff, a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder. The labrum is the cup-like cartilage that the humerus fits into. The tendons are protected by the bursa, a fluid-filled sac. Because all of these complicated parts fit together loosely so the arm can move easily, the shoulder is susceptible to many different injuries.
Common Shoulder Problems
Frozen Shoulder
This occurs when inflammation develops that can cause pain and stiffness and loss of full range of motion.
Osteoarthritis
Caused by aging, this type of arthritis only affects joints and can occur within the shoulder as well as hands, lower back, neck, knees, hips, and feet.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is another type of arthritis that can occur in the shoulder. It affects mainly joints but can also affect skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood, or nerves. What makes rheumatoid arthritis different is that it occurs when the immune system attacks an area because it thinks that the area is being attacked by a bacteria or virus.
Rotator Cuff Tear
This happens when a muscle or tendon is torn at the top of the humerus. It can be a result of a sudden injury or can happen with overuse or as our bodies age.
Dislocation
The bones in the shoulder can be knocked out of place. It can be very painful until the bones are moved back into position.
Shoulder Tendonitis
This is when inflammation occurs in the tendons in the rotator cuff.
Shoulder Bursitis
This happens when the bursa becomes inflamed.
Shoulder pain can be extremely painful and a decreased range of motion can make even the smallest everyday activities difficult. Chiropractic treatments can relieve pain and increase your range of motion often quickly and without the need for addictive, invasive pain killers. Muscle imbalances are corrected with soft tissue massage or electrotherapy modalities while restoring proper mobility to the joint itself. Also, any subluxation of the spine should be corrected which not only helps relieve pain but also improves the function of the nervous system which allows your immune system to work properly. Along with this treatment, special rehabilitation exercises prescribed by a chiropractor are essential for a rapid and full recovery.
If you are suffering from shoulder problems, give North County Pain Relief a call at (314) 731-4201 to schedule a consultation and examination. North County Pain Relief is a full-service chiropractic care facility located in St. Louis that treats patients young and old. Our caring staff will guide you through the process as we determine the best treatment for you so you can get back to a life without shoulder pain. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Speeches, correspondence and political papers of Carl Schurz, Volume 2.djvu/186
166 have power to remove the officer at pleasure, without assigning or proving a cause. It will thus be seen that no distinct and privileged class of Government officers, no bureaucracy is to be created, but the elasticity of the present system is to be preserved—improved, however, by a method of selection, which will secure a better class of officers, and by a longer and more secure tenure, which will remove the partisan character and raise the moral standard of the service.
The fifth section of the bill is intended to encourage honesty and efficiency in the service and to give the public servant an honorable record in the form of a testimonial. The Secretary will please read it.
The Chief Clerk read as follows:
5. And be it further enacted, That whenever any officer in the civil service of the United States shall vacate his office, either at the expiration of his term, or by resignation, or otherwise, the head of the Department under which such officer served shall issue to him a testimonial stating the manner in which such officer performed the duties of his office; and that copies of such testimonials shall be kept on record in the Departments from which they issued respectively; and that whenever any such person, after having vacated such office, shall make application or be presented as a candidate for the same, or any other office in the civil service, such testimonial shall be produced before the civil service board and shall form part of the report of said board on the case of such person. And whenever any officer in the civil service shall, before the expiration of his term of office, make application for continuance in the same office for another term, or for any other office in the civil service, then the head of the Department under which such officer serves shall likewise issue such testimonial, which shall then be produced before the civil service board and form part of the report of said board as aforesaid: Provided, however, That whenever the President shall see fit to reappoint an officer at the expiration of his term | WIKI |
Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn
Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn (19 September 1676 in Mainz – 19 August 1743 in Bruchsal) was Prince-Bishop of Speyer (1719–1743), Bishop of Konstanz (1740–1743) and a cardinal (1713).
He participated in papal conclaves in 1721, 1724 and 1730. He also attended the 1740 papal conclave. | WIKI |
3 Highlights From Kohl's 2018 Annual Report
In early March, Kohl's (NYSE: KSS) reported another quarter of solid profit growth , capping off a strong 2018 fiscal year. For the full year, adjusted earnings per share soared 34% to $5.60. While much of the increase was driven by a lower tax rate, Kohl's also made progress on initiatives to grow its sales and improve its profit margin last year.
Kohl's recently filed its annual report for fiscal 2018, which provides more detail on the company's results for the past year and its plans for 2019. Here are three important details investors might have missed.
Gross margin growth -- despite pivot to national brands
In recent years, Kohl's has been reducing its inventory steadily in order to avoid margin-killing clearance markdowns. This effort is working, as gross margin reached 36.4% in fiscal 2018, up from 36% a year earlier and 35.9% in fiscal 2016.
This gross margin improvement is particularly notable because it comes in the face of two major headwinds. First, Kohl's is posting steady double-digit growth in digital sales, and gross margin tends to be lower for e-commerce transactions due to shipping costs.
Second, gross margin tends to be lower for national brands than for private-label brands, and Kohl's has been making a big push to grow its sales of national brands recently. A key deal to begin selling Under Armour gear went into effect two years ago. As a result, Kohl's derived 61% of its sales from national brands last year, up from 54% in fiscal 2016. Yet Kohl's was able to more than offset the impact of this shift in its merchandise mix and continue expanding its gross margin.
Kohl's plans to continue its focus on growing sales of national brands in 2019. That will include the launch of the Nine West brand at Kohl's this summer. Nevertheless, management expects gross margin to increase slightly once again this year.
Free cash flow soared last year, but it may dip in fiscal 2019
One of the most impressive aspects of Kohl's financial performance last year was its cash-flow production. Free cash flow surged 59% year over year to $1.4 billion: the company's highest full-year total in nearly a decade. Working capital gains and a decline in capex to $578 million -- compared to $768 million just two years earlier -- contributed to this strong result.
Looking ahead to fiscal 2019, free cash flow is likely to recede again, due to higher planned capital spending. Kohl's expects capex to jump to around $850 million this year, mainly thanks to costs associated with building its sixth e-commerce fulfillment center. Omnichannel capex will nearly triple year over year to $280 million.
Kohl's is also planning a substantial year-over-year increase in capex for its "store strategies" in fiscal 2019: from $152 million to $240 million. This increase likely relates to the decision to open four more small-format stores this year and an ongoing initiative to subdivide several stores in order to lease excess space to other retail tenants, including Aldi and Planet Fitness .
However, capex is likely to moderate in fiscal 2020, driving a rebound in free cash flow. First, e-commerce fulfillment center spending tends to be heavily concentrated in certain years, depending on the timing of construction. Second, technology capex is likely to decline over time, as Kohl's is shifting spending toward cloud services, which have a pay-as-you-go business model.
The balance sheet is in excellent shape
Kohl's annual report also confirmed that the company's balance sheet is in better shape than it has been since at least 2011. That's because Kohl's used a substantial proportion of its free cash flow last year to pay down debt .
By the end of fiscal 2018, Kohl's had $3.5 billion of debt and capital leases on its balance sheet, down from $4.5 billion at the beginning of the year. Meanwhile, the company posted a modest increase in its adjusted earnings last year. This enabled it to reduce its leverage ratio -- adjusted debt divided by adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and rent -- from 2.54 to 2.16.
Kohl's current leverage ratio puts it well within investment-grade territory. That means it will be able to return more of its free cash flow to shareholders in the future.
Indeed, Kohl's raised its dividend by 10% this year. It also expects to buy back more stock, even though free cash flow will probably be lower in fiscal 2019 than it was last year. And with free cash flow likely to rebound after this year, Kohl's shareholders could benefit from even higher capital returns in fiscal 2020 and beyond.
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Adam Levine-Weinberg owns shares of Kohl's. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Under Armour (A and C shares). The Motley Fool recommends Planet Fitness. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Armagh Rail Disaster of 1889 claimed 88 lives and injured 170 people. The 940 passengers were travelling to Warrenpoint on a day trip organised by Armagh Sunday School.
There was such excitement about the prospect of a trip to the seaside that hundreds of people had bought tickets in advance. To meet this demand, extra carriages were added to the train putting considerable stress on the engine.
The first passengers to arrive were the members of the Sunday school party who marched from the church, dramatically accompanied by the band of the Third Battalion of the Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Once all the passengers had arrived, they were loaded onto the carriages and the carriage doors locked to prevent non-ticketed passengers from boarding. The train then left the station with its passengers, crew, the band, and all of the passengers’ provisions for the day. Even without the weight of the engine, the train weighed between 185 and 187 tons.
The journey was expected to last an hour. A gradient of 1:75 at the Armagh Bank, however, meant that the engine was under particular strain. Near the summit of this climb, at Derry’s Crossing, the engine began to lose power and finally came to a halt. The incline meant that it would be impossible to restart the train so the crew applied the brakes and considered their options.
It was decided to divide the train in two
to take the carriages over the incline. The train was fitted with a continuous non-automatic vacuum
braking system. This meant that the remaining carriages would be left without the brake triggered by the engine. It was decided to leave stones beneath the wheels of the carriages and the handbrake was applied in the guard’s carriage at the rear.
As the train made to leave, however, it rolled slightly backwards pushing at the static carriages, causing them to move and crush the stones. The handbrake in the guard’s carriage alone couldn’t hold the train and the carriages began to roll back down the line.
Seeing what had happened, the crew tried to place more stones behind the carriage wheels but these were crushed immediately under its force. They tried to recouple the moving carriages to the rest of the train but this dangerous task was also unsuccessful.
The passengers, locked in the carriages, unable to get out through the small windows, were captive to a fate that became more perilous as the carriages picked up speed, travelling the wrong way along the tracks.
The 10:35 train, a powerful engine travelling with a light load, was following behind the excursion train. Though the drivers saw the runaway carriages coming towards them and tried to reverse, it was too late, collision was inevitable.
At a speed of about 40 mph the carriages smashed into the 10:35 train. The last three carriages and their passengers were obliterated. The near-static train was relatively unharmed though its carriages became loose and began to move down the track. Without the quick action of the crew of the 10.35, who managed to stop them, further damage would have been caused.
Once the news of the accident broke, members of the RIC, the Royal Fusiliers, and concerned citizens hastily made their way to the site. Their first task was to free the passengers from the wreckage and separate the living from the dead.
Treatment was administered to the injured at the site and they were taken quickly to medical and make-shift facilities in Armagh. Sixty-four people were pronounced dead immediately and over time the death toll grew to 88. At the time this made the Armagh Rail Disaster the worst in Europe.
The legal proceedings that followed the disaster forced many improvements to the railways. The government passed the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 which required all passenger railways to use the safer continuous automatic brake. It also made stipulations as to signalling and the interlocking of all points and signals.
This legislation was a turning point in the history of the railways. Previously government had taken a hands-off attitude, leaving the powerful railway companies to prosper on their own terms. The Armagh Rail Disaster demonstrated the need for government intervention to ensure passenger safety. The act remains the basic framework for railway operators to this day. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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Sooper Drupal Themes: WordPress vs. Drupal: David vs. Goliath
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WordPress and Drupal
WordPress and Drupal, two of the most popular content management systems that are currently on the market. So, in case you’re wondering what content management system to pick, keep in mind that both of them serve different needs. The decision that you are going to take is going to be based off your individual needs for your business or yourself. In this article, I am going to aim to make it easier for you to take a decision, by presenting information about both systems. With the help of this article, you should be able to take an informed decision when it comes to making a choice between WordPress and Drupal.
Ease of Installation
WordPress vs Drupal Installation
Left: WordPress’s famed 5 minute installation. Right: Sooperthemes custom Drupal distribution with Glazed theme and Glazed Builder included.
WordPress is famed for the ease of their installation process. While they claim that the installation process takes only 5 minutes, you have to take this with a grain of salt. Sure, for somebody who is highly experienced in WordPress, an installation might take 5 minutes. However, for a total beginner this might take longer.
Drupal on the other hand is a little bit more tricky when it comes to the installation. There are more steps and clicks involved. The experience is very similar to installing WordPress, there is just more of it. Drupal has one advantage over WordPress: Distributions. Distributions are packages of features, design, and demo content that let you install a full functional turn-key website just by running the installer. At sooperthemes.com all our demo websites can be reproduced in your own environment in just about 10 minutes with our custom Drupal distributions.
Functionality
Module and themes statistics for WordPress and Drupal
WordPress is an easy and intuitive easy to use open source CMS. One of the reasons WordPress is simpler is that is has fewer features and options compared to Drupal, so there is a trade-off going on here! Although there are a number of extensions that can make up for what WordPress is lacking, the more complex a website becomes, the harder it is for WordPress to be able to manage the website properly.
Now, when it comes to functionality, Drupal is considered to be highly functional. It was designed from the beginning to be able to meet the users needs as well as software developers’ needs. Through modules, Drupal is able to fulfill the many needs a user has for developing a website. On top of that, Drupal is able to handle complex websites in a without slowing down the user experience, thanks to its advanced caching layers. Functionality is one of the areas where Drupal is shining.
Here are some of the advanced built-in features inspires some to choose Drupal over WordPress:
• Custom content types and block types, equipped with menu different field types for your content
• Multilingual is both built-in and more advanced than in most other CMS
• The views module lets you create custom content listings, with support for fields, tables, portfolio grids, external data sources, and much more. It’s a beast and a big part of why Drupal got popular to begin with.
• Fine-grained permissions for your custom user roles
• Advanced API’s for batch processing, REST services, and many more advanced programming concepts
Ease of use
WordPress is well known for its ease of use. The dashboard and layout are intuitive and easy to use. This means that even a beginner can make good looking websites. However, it gets harder as the complexity of the website increases.
Compared to this, Drupal is not so beginner friendly. Since Drupal is the more complex CMS from the two, there are more tricks to be learned and discovered when working in it. Drupal has been criticized in the past as having a steep learning curve. Indeed, it is harder to master, however, it also is capable of handling more complexity and it is able to better cater and fulfill the needs of its users.
Fortunately, there are some options you have to make Drupal more pleasing to your content, communications, and marketing staff. For exampel you can simplify their toolbars and menus by limiting their permissions. Sooperthemes also provides a visual drag and drop editor: Glazed Builder provides an entirely new user experience, letting your users design and create pages and interactive content in the frontend, away from Drupal’s forms and administrative tools.
How secure are WordPress and Drupal?
Security Officers
Security is one of the most important things when running a website with important user information on it. In case of a security vulnerability of the CMS, a hacker can exploit said vulnerability and get the important user information off the website, such as usernames, passwords, emails, credit card information, etc. This is why security is so important for a content management system.
Since WordPress is the most used content management system to date, it is also bound to be the target many cyber attacks. When it comes to security, WordPress has three components, the core, plugins and themes. The core is always watched by cybersecurity experts who are continuously working identifying and patching vulnerabilities. The plugins and themes are reviewed and patched by the community members, which means that there is an increased chance to suffer a malicious attack by installing a certain plugin or theme that has an undiscovered vulnerability.
Drupal is recognized as the most secure content management system that is currently on the market. This is partly because the security team works on spotting vulnerabilities in the core of Drupal. On top of that, before a module is released to the general public, the code is usually examined for vulnerabilities. After being released to the general public for review, the contributors are then again checking the code for vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a hacker. This measures add up to an increased security compared to its competitors. This is why a lot of big names have trusted Drupal with the security of their websites. Examples are UNESCO, The US Senate, Fox News, Harvard University and many more.
WordPress vs Drupal Costs
WordPress is free to install and use. You can have the option to use WordPress.com, offers both paid plans and a free plan that shows ads on your website. Since WordPress is open source, you can download the software for free if you intend to host it yourself. Hiring a developer to build your website will also have to be taken into account when talking about costs. Generally speaking, hiring a WordPress developer is cheaper than hiring a Drupal developer, simply because a Drupal developer is harder to come by.
Drupal is also free to use and install, because it is an open source software. For a beginner, it is harder to make full use of the features that the CMS has to offer, especially when building a professional website. Depending on the needs of the customer, the website being built might have different degrees of complexity. Some of the most demanding websites are ecommerce websites.
Typical WordPress vs Drupal Pricing
Typical WordPress websites will be informational business websites, or simplistic community platforms based on popular themes and plugins, and would cost anywhere between 500,- USD, and 20,000 USD on the more complex and customized end of the spectrum. Most Drupal agencies aim to take on projects starting at 20,000 USD, and love to build the most complex online platforms, with contracts often running into the hundreds of thousands. These platforms could be so called “Site Factories” where a single platform will be responsible for spawning hundreds of websites, or it may be large content platforms for governmental bodies where hundreds of thousands of content items are managed.
That said, once you’ve mastered Drupal nothing stops you from making simplistic content websites with it. In fact, with the products and demo websites provided by Sooperthemes, it is very much possible to create a complete business websites within one day, and within a most humble budget.
Conclusion
In conclusion, WordPress is a great CMS for beginners and people that are not demanding complexity from their CMS. When it comes to security, although WordPress has good security practices in place, it is the most widespread CMS, making it a great target for hackers.
Drupal on the other hand, while not as easy to pick up as WordPress, it compensated with the complexity that it can handle. So, for people or organisations that require big websites, Drupal is the way to go. Furthermore, Drupal is perfect for this group of people, simply because it offers a great security.
So before choosing the right CMS for you, you have to be aware of the needs that have to be met by the CMS. Only after that can you take a decision.
, | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Miss USA 1964
Miss USA 1964 was the 13th Miss USA pageant, held in Miami Beach, Florida on July 29, 1964. This was the last Miss USA pageant to be held as an inclusive part of the Miss Universe event.
The pageant was won by Bobbi Johnson of the District of Columbia, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Marite Ozers of Illinois. Two days after her victory, Johnson went on to place as a top 15 semi-finalist at Miss Universe 1964.
Johnson was the first woman from Washington D.C. to win the title.
This was the latest Miss USA pageant ever held on this date until the 2020 competition. The rescheduling of the pageant as an independent event from Miss Universe in 1965 meant Johnson reigned for only 10 months and 6 days; apart from first runners-up who inherited the crown when Miss USA won Miss Universe, only 1986 titleholder Christy Fichtner had a shorter reign (8 months and 28 days).
Contestants
Forty-one contestants competed for the title. | WIKI |
Parachilna (album)
Parachilna is an album by Andy Irvine and Rens van der Zalm, of Irish and Australian songs recorded live in July 2012, while camping in the Australian Outback.
It was co-produced by Irvine (vocals, bouzouki, mandola and harmonica) and van der Zalm (backing vocals, guitar, mandolin, fiddle and viola), and recorded by Cian Burke in disused buildings using top-quality microphones, a laptop and Pro Tools.
Most of the time, there are only two instruments playing–three when Irvine also plays harmonica–and the resulting sound is bright and pristine.
Recording
The album opens with "I wish I was in Belfast Town", a new adaptation of "You Rambling Boys Of Pleasure", which Irvine learnt from Joe Holmes and Len Graham before recording it with Planxty on the album After the Break.
"Come to the Bower" is a song Luke Kelly used to sing in O'Donoghue's Pub during the 1960s and Irvine tells us he believes it was written as an exhortation to Irish emigrants to return home and support the 1867 Fenian rising.
"Billy Far Out" is an amusing song about the vagaries of travelling in an unreliable car and was written by Irvine after similar experiences during one of his Australian tours; its tune and accompaniment are based on a 1931 recording of "A Lazy Farmer Boy" by Buster Carter & Preston Young.
Irvine previously recorded "Sergeant Small" with Patrick Street for the album On the Fly; it tells the story of an Australian unemployed man who rides freight trains in his search for work during the Great Depression in the 1930s but gets trapped by Sergeant Small, a policeman masquerading as a hobo.
Next comes "The Dandenong", a song that Australian folk singer Kate Burke found in the archives of the National Library of Australia. Collected in 1954 by John Meredith from a Mrs Mary Byrnes, an old lady of Irish descent, the song tells the story of the loss of the Dandenong and most of its passengers during a voyage from Melbourne to Newcastle, NSW in 1876.
"Braes of Moneymore" is another poignant song of emigration, which Irvine recorded on the album No. 2 Patrick Street and which he'd learnt from an old 78 rpm recording, made in 1952 by Sean O'Boyle and Peter Kennedy, of Terry Devlin, a shoemaker local to Moneymore in County Londonderry.
"Outlaw Frank Gardiner" is a song about the famous bushranger; Irvine wrote new music for it in the Bulgarian 'chetvorno' rhythm of (3-2-2).
"He Fades Away" was written by Scottish singer-songwriter Alistair Hulett, about the miners from southern Europe who were imported in the 1950s to work the blue asbestos mines in Wittenoom, Western Australia. Irvine first recorded this song on his third solo album Rain on the Roof.
"Farewell to Kellswater" is song H695 from Sam Henry's collection, about an Irish girl's rich father sending an unwanted young suitor to America; Irvine first recorded this with Planxty on the album The Woman I Loved So Well.
The album closes with Irvine's self-penned song, "Douglas Mawson", about the epic and tragic Antarctic expedition of 1911. This song was originally released on Irvine's second solo album, Rude Awakening.
Track listing
* 1) "I wish I was in Belfast Town" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 5:13
* 2) "Come to the Bower" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 5:06
* 3) "Billy Far Out" (Andy Irvine) – 3:34
* 4) "Sergeant Small" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 4:04
* 5) "The Dandenong" (Trad. arr. Kate Burke / Andy Irvine) – 4:41
* 6) "Braes of Moneymore" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 4:02
* 7) "Outlaw Frank Gardiner" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 3:28
* 8) "He Fades Away" (Alistair Hulett) – 3:58
* 9) "Farewell to Kellswater" (Trad. arr. Andy Irvine) – 5:27
* 10) "Douglas Mawson" (Andy Irvine) – 6:40
Personnel
* Andy Irvine - vocals, bouzouki, mandola and harmonica.
* Rens van der Zalm - backing vocals, guitar, mandolin, fiddle and viola.
* "The Parachilna Parrots" - Ian Stewart, Roger Hargreaves, Louise Woodhouse - backing vocals on track 4: "Sergeant Small".
Produced by - Andy Irvine & Rens van der Zalm.
Recorded out in the 'wild', in South Australia and New South Wales.
Engineered by - Cian Burke.
Mixed & Edited by Ton Snijders, Rens van der Zalm and Andy Irvine at Snijder's studio in Velp, the Netherlands.
Remixed and Mastered by Tim Martin at Long Beard Sound in Dublin, Ireland. | WIKI |
Notorious (Loverboy song)
"Notorious" is a song by Canadian rock band Loverboy co-written by Jon Bon Jovi. It is the lead track of Wildside, peaking at number 24 and 38 on the Canadian and US charts, becoming the band's last Top 40 single in both countries. The music video was directed by David Fincher through his Propaganda Films company.
Release
The song debuted at number 91 on August 22, 1987, and stayed there for fourteen weeks. It peaked at number 38 in the week of October 17, 1987. There was also a picture disc release, which features the cover from Wildside. It also peaked at number 8 on the US Rock charts.
Track listing
7" single
* 1) "Notorious" – 4:37
* 2) "Wildside" – 3:32
European 12" single
* 1) "Notorious" – 4:37
* 2) "Wildside" – 3:32
* 3) "Turn Me Loose" – 5:35
UK 12" single
* 1) "Notorious" – 4:37
* 2) "Wildside" – 3:32
* 3) "Turn Me Loose" – 5:35
* 4) "Emotional" – 4:50 | WIKI |
Carlos Zapata
Carlos Zapata (born 1961 in Rubio, Venezuela ) is an American architect, with his office headquartered in New York City. Zapata is known for his work on the Bitexco Financial Tower in Ho Chi Minh City, the Cooper Square Hotel (now the Standard East Village) in Manhattan; the JW Marriott Hotel in the Convention Center Campus of Hanoi, Vietnam and Concourse J at Miami International Airport, among many other projects.
Zapata is the principal of the self-titled architecture firm, "Carlos Zapata Studio". Previous to opening his own architectural practice, he was in partnership with Benjamin T. Wood (Wood + Zapata) and together with the Chicago-based firm of Lohan Caprile Goettsch, they designed the new Soldier Field in Chicago (completed in 2003).
Zapata received his Bachelor of Architecture degree from Pratt Institute and his Master of Architecture from Columbia University. in addition to his professional practice, Zapata has taught at numerous architecture schools and institutes, including Parsons School of Design, the University of Miami, the University of Florida at Tallahassee, Miami Studio and Northeastern University, where he taught a graduate studio focusing on High Rise Design.
In 2017, Zapata was commissioned with designing a luxury residential tower in Quito.
Zapata's current projects include luxury residential towers in Singapore and Miami; a two-tower mixed use complex in Angola the interior design of a clubhouse for the first and only private golf club St. Andrews and 315,000 square foot addition to Aventura Mall in Miami. | WIKI |
[Crim. No. 21783.
Dec. 31, 1981.]
THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. DERMON LOUISE WILLIAMS, Defendant and Appellant.
Counsel
Howard Goodman, under appointment by the Supreme Court, for Defendant and Appellant.
Quin Denvir, State Public Defender, as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Defendant and Appellant.
George Deukmejian, Attorney General, Robert H. Philibosian, Chief Assistant Attorney General, S. Clark Moore, Assistant Attorney General, Norman H. Sokolow and Howard J. Schwab, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Stanley M. Roden, District Attorney (Santa Barbara), and Gerald McC. Franklin, Deputy District Attorney, as Amici Curiae on behalf of Plaintiff and Respondent.
Opinion
BIRD, C. J.—
May a trial court dismiss, pursuant to Penal Code section 1385, a finding of special circumstances under California’s death penalty statute (§§ 190-190.5) so that a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole may be modified?
I.
Appellant was charged with one count of violating section 187 (murder), with special circumstance allegations that the murder was committed during the commission of a robbery (§ 190.2, subd. (a)(17)(i)) and burglary (§ 190.2, subd. (a)(17)(vii)); two counts of burglary (§ 459); and three counts of robbery (§ 211). The first trial ended in a mistrial after the jury was unable to reach a verdict on any of the counts. At the second trial, appellant was convicted on all the counts and was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. This appeal follows.
Two incidents are involved in this case. The first took place on December 11, 1978, when the home of Maggie Loney in Long Beach was burgled. According to Mrs. Loney, she answered a knock at her door about 10 p.m. A female responded and indicated she had been hit in the stomach and would like to use the phone. When Mrs. Loney opened the door, two males rushed in. The woman went over to the telephone and one of the men disappeared into a back room. Mrs. Loney went to investigate and was grabbed from behind by the other man. She was thrown to the floor and tied up with pieces of cloth torn from two of her dresses and a pillowslip.
Mrs. Loney lay on the floor until after the people left. She then worked herself free and discovered that many items had been taken from her home. She sustained no injuries. At the preliminary hearing, she identified appellant as the woman who had sought entry. Previously, however, she had identified a photograph of appellant’s 12-year-old daughter, Nini, as the female who had come to the door.
The second incident occurred on December 17, 1978. According to David Dickey, who lived with his 8 5-year-old mother in Long Beach, he heard a knock at the door about 10 p.m. A woman outside stated that she wanted to use the telephone for an emergency. When he opened the door, the woman and three other people entered the house. Mr. Dickey was knocked over the head with an iron and lost consciousness. When he came to, his legs and hands were tied and he had been beaten about the shoulders. He managed to reach the home of his neighbor, Mrs. Robinson, who untied him. He then returned home and found that various items, including television sets and dresses, had been taken. He identified appellant as the woman at the door.
After calling the police, Mrs. Robinson went next door and found the Dickey house in a shambles. She also discovered Mrs. Dickey in the back bedroom on the floor. There were spots of blood on Mrs. Dickey’s chest and she complained that the front of her neck hurt. There were bindings around her arms, but Mrs. Robinson did not remember seeing any other bindings. She did recall Mrs. Dickey saying, “They tried to break my neck. Why did they do it?”
Mrs. Dickey died soon after the robbery. A deputy medical examiner for the coroner’s office testified that there were two causes of death—a stab wound penetrating the chest and a blunt force injury causing a fracture of the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra. The victim had been stabbed below the right armpit, the weapon penetrating four inches into the chest. The other injury had resulted in compression of the spinal cord. The medical examiner testified at first that “[considerable” force was necessary to break the odontoid process, a projection from the second vertebra upon which the skull rotates. Later, however, he stated that “[n]ot a great deal of force” was required to cause the injury. This was in recognition of Mrs. Dickey’s age and the brittleness of her bones. Each injury in itself was sufficient to cause death.
There was severe bruising around the neck and a ligature-type imprint on the back of the neck, according to the medical examiner’s testimony. He defined ligature as “[a]ny rope-like, flexible instrument.”
William Collette, a Long Beach police officer, testified that appellant made a statement to him on January 12, 1979, in which she admitted participating in both crimes. According to this statement, she had met a man known as “Fast Eddie” shortly before these events. Soon after they met, Eddie moved in with her and her two children. One evening, he told her that he had “pulled a job” with someone else. This occurred before the Loney burglary.
On December 11, 1978, she was walking near the Loney residence with Eddie, her daughter Nini, and Nini’s teenage boyfriend David. They decided they needed money and would obtain it by taking items from the Loney home. They quickly devised the plan which resulted in Mrs. Loney opening her front door. Appellant was the woman who knocked on the door. She did not intend to take anything when she entered the home, but subsequently searched the living room for valuables. She did not find or take anything. However, Nini found about $200. Appellant did receive some money from the sale of a television set taken from the home.
Officer Collette further testified that appellant told him about the second incident. That time, the robbery was planned in advance. Nini suggested the Dickeys because she thought they had money. The group decided to bring pieces of cloth to tie up the victims. They tore up a bedsheet and braided it into ropes. Besides the four people who had participated in the earlier episode, a man known as “Smooth” was the driver of the getaway vehicle in the second robbery. Appellant obtained entry in a manner similar to that utilized at the Loney residence.
According to appellant’s statement, Eddie came in with her and asked for a glass of water. When Mr. Dickey handed Eddie a glass, Eddie and David jumped him and hit him with an iron. She said that she did not see this occur, but Eddie had informed her of it later. Appellant proceeded to a back bedroom where she found a woman. Then, appellant went to the front room to search for valuables. She heard Nini scream from the back bedroom. Eddie ran into the room in front of her. She saw Eddie strike the victim, who fell to the ground. When they left, Eddie told her he had stabbed the old woman with a knife that he had taken from Mr. Dickey. Appellant received a share of the proceeds from the robbery.
Appellant went on to inform Officer Collette that she started staying at her sister’s home in Los Angeles rather than her own home in Long Beach shortly after the incident. On December 19, 1978, she learned that Mrs. Dickey had died. On December 30, 1978, she came to Long Beach where she met Eddie, who told her that Nini had been arrested. She called the police station to confirm this, giving her true name but a false address. She and Eddie then decided to go to San Antonio, Texas.
They went to the bus station and bought tickets, but Eddie fell asleep waiting for the bus. Appellant cashed in the tickets, bought one ticket for Memphis, where her mother lived, and left Eddie behind. She spent one week in Memphis with her mother and told her what had happened. Her mother told appellant to return to Los Angeles and turn herself in. Appellant did so, arriving in Los Angeles at 5 a.m. on January 12th. She walked to the police station and waited until Officer Collette arrived at approximately 8 a.m.
Appellant’s testimony at trial was in substantial conformity with her statement to Officer Collette. However, she stated that she had participated in the criminal ventures because she was afraid of Eddie. She admitted that Eddie had never hit or quarrelled with her, but claimed that he had once threatened to kill Nini and told her he would do so if Nini did not go along with the second robbery. She further claimed that Eddie gave her drugs, including heroin, which she had taken on the night of the Dickey robbery.
Appellant testified that she had found Mrs. Dickey in the back bedroom, getting out of bed and hollering. When Eddie yelled at her to quiet the old woman, she put her hand over Mrs. Dickey’s mouth and held her down in an attempt to do so. She stated that she did this so that Eddie would not kill Mrs. Dickey. She then put one braid in Mrs. Dickey’s mouth and secured it with a second strip of cloth. She did not use much force or tie the strip very tight. Appellant denied receiving any money from either robbery.
On the murder charge, the jury was instructed solely on first degree felony murder. (CALJIC Nos. 8.21 and 8.27 (aider and abettor).) They were instructed to find specific intent only as to the underlying robbery and burglary. (CALJIC No. 3.31.) Although special circumstances were charged and found, the prosecutor did not seek the death penalty and no penalty hearing was held. (See § 190.4.)
At the sentencing hearing, the court stated its opinion that life imprisonment without possibility of parole was appropriate for Eddie Palmer because he had armed himself and stabbed the victim. (See fn. 4, ante.) The court continued, “Insofar as this defendant is concerned, the evidence appears that she was one of the persons who planned the operation, she was the person who applied one ligature to the mouth of the victim and behind the neck. [¶] Now, by the testimony of the doctor it appears because of the age of the victim and the fragility of the neck bones that the application caused a fracture in one of the processes of the neck which, in turn, put pressure on the spinal cord. [¶] This doctor without dispute said that as to cause of death, without medical intervention either the stab wound and/or the application of ligature and fracture with the pressure on the spinal cord together or separately would ultimately have brought the death of the lady. [¶] But on a scaling, I feel that on culpability this defendant was much less culpable than the defendant Eddie Palmer.
“My desire legally would be to sentence this lady and eliminate by staying the execution of the special circumstances and eliminate the without possibility of parole. I do not believe that looking at the Penal Code and the intent of the Legislature and as interpreted by the Appellate Courts, I do not believe I have that power. So I will have to sentence as I did with Eddie Palmer.” The court thereupon sentenced appellant to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
II.
Appellant contends that the trial court did have the authority to dismiss the special circumstances findings under section 1385. She asserts that nothing in the death penalty legislation forbids the exercise of the power to dismiss. In order to resolve this question, an examination of the history and purpose of section 1385 is necessary.
The trial court’s power to dismiss an action has been recognized by statute since the first session of the Legislature in 1850. The rules of criminal procedure enacted in that session included the provision that “[t]he Court may, either of its own motion, or upon the application of the District Attorney, and in furtherance of justice, order any action, after indictment, to be dismissed; but in such case the reasons of the dismissal shall be set forth in the order, which must be entered on the minutes.” (Stats. 1850, ch. 119, § 629, p. 323.) With slight changes, this provision became section 1385 when the Penal Code was enacted in 1872.
In a series of cases commencing with People v. Burke (1956) 47 Cal.2d 45 [301 P.2d 241], this court has considered the scope of the trial court’s authority to dismiss pursuant to section 1385. In Burke, a defendant was charged with the possession pf marijuana in violation of Health and Safety Code section 11500. The information also charged a prior conviction for violation of the same section. The defendant admitted the prior conviction at arraignment and was convicted of the charged offense. At that time, Health and Safety Code section 11712 provided a punishment of not more than one year in county jail or not more than 10 years in state prison for any person convicted of violating section 11500. However, if the defendant had a previous conviction under that section, the statute stated that ‘“he shall be imprisoned in the state prison for not less than two years nor more than 20 years.’” (Id., at p. 50, italics omitted.)
Defense counsel requested that the court strike the prior conviction for the purpose of sentencing. The court did so and sentenced the defendant to a term in the county jail. On the defendant’s appeal from the conviction, the state argued that the trial court had erred.
This court held that section 1385 was applicable to the dismissal of the prior conviction. “The procedure of ‘striking,’ or setting aside or dismissing, a charge of a prior conviction (or any of multiple counts or allegations of an indictment or information) at the time of sentence is not expressly provided for by statute but it is commonly used in trial courts, not only where the prior conviction has not been legally established, but also where the fact of the conviction has been shown but the trial court has concluded that ‘in the interest of justice’ defendant should not be required to undergo a statutorily increased penalty which would follow from judicial determination of that fact.” (People v. Burke, supra, 47 Cal.2d at p. 50.)
Nonetheless, the state argued that dismissal was improper because the statute required that the defendant “‘shall be imprisoned in the state prison.. . (Id., at p. 51; italics added.) It was contended that the language of the statute revealed that “the Legislature intended to take from the court the power to dismiss or strike a charge of prior conviction if the defendant admits the charge.” (Ibid.) The state claimed that other statutes (and the cases interpreting them), which purported to require certain punishment or action by the trial court, were analogous. (Id., at p. 52.)
This court rejected the claim and held that the language of these statutes was insufficient to preclude the exercise of the court’s power to dismiss under section 1385. “The cited cases—and the statutes referred to—do not purport to divest the trial court (or to hold that the court constitutionally could be divested) of the power to control the proceedings before it insofar as the essentials of the judicial process are concerned; i.e. to find the defendant guilty or not guilty of any offense charged, or of a lesser included offense, or to dismiss the action in toto or to strike or dismiss as to any or all of multiple counts or charges of prior conviction. The statutes in question do validly—and in respect to constitutionally vested judicial power they neither purport to nor validly could do more than—prescribe the sentence which must be imposed upon the appropriate adjudication of guilt of the substantive crime and judicial determination of the factor which results in increased punishment. Such adjudication and judicial determination are inherently and essentially the province of "the court even as the punishment which may or must follow the offense adjudicated, either with or without a punishment augmentation factor, is essentially for the Legislature except as it may vest an area of discretion in the court or administrative body.” (Id., at p. 52.)
Thereafter, the Legislature specifically set down the requirement in former Health and Safety Code section 11718 that the trial court could not dismiss a finding of a prior conviction unless requested by the prosecutor. In People v. Sidener (1962) 58 Cal.2d 645 [25 Cal.Rptr. 697, 375 P.2d 641], this court upheld the statute against a claim that it violated the separation of powers doctrine (Cal. Const., art. III, § 3 (formerly art. III, § 1), art. VI, § 1) by conditioning the exercise of a judicial power on the approval of the prosecutor. (Id., at p. 650.) Justice Schauer, joined by Justices McComb and White, dissented, arguing that the statutory provision violated the separation of powers doctrine as well as the due process requirement of the Constitution. (Id., at pp. 652-653.)
The four-to-three decision of Sidener was overruled by a unanimous court in People v. Tenorio (1970) 3 Cal.3d 89 [89 Cal.Rptr. 249, 473 P.2d 993]. This court noted that . [n]o decision, and no legislation, prior to the adoption of section 11718 denied that the judiciary has that power to dismiss which was originally codified in the forerunner of section 1385.” (Id., at p. 94.) The statute impermissibly infringed on that power.
“When the decision to prosecute has been made, the process which leads to acquittal or to sentencing is fundamentally judicial in nature. Just as the fact of prosecutorial discretion prior to charging a criminal offense does not imply prosecutorial discretion to convict without a judicial determination of guilt, discretion to forego prosecution does not imply discretion to sentence without a judicial determination of those factors which the Legislature has never denied are within the judicial power to determine and which relate to punishment. The judicial power is compromised when a judge, who believes that a charge should be dismissed in the interests of justice, wishes to exercise the power to dismiss but finds that before he may do so he must bargain with the prosecutor. The judicial power must be independent, and a judge should never be required to pay for its exercise.” (Ibid.)
After Sidener but prior to Tenorio, this court considered the validity of a trial court’s order dismissing an entire action following a conviction for two counts of robbery. In People v. Superior Court (Howard) (1968) 69 Cal.2d 491 [72 Cal.Rptr. 330, 446 P.2d 138], the trial court stated that its dismissal was based on insufficient evidence to support the convictions and a violation of the right to counsel under United States v. Wade (1967) 388 U.S. 218 [18 L.Ed.2d 1149, 87 S.Ct. 1926], This court upheld the trial court and found that “the discretion of the judge [under section 1385] is absolute except where the Legislature has specifically curtailed it.” (People v. Superior Court (Howard), supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 502.) “[Wjhere the Legislature has sought to curtail the discretion of the trial judge to dismiss on his own motion and to permit dismissal only on motion of the prosecutor, it has spoken with unmistakable clarity.” (Id., at p. 503, citing Sidener and former Health & Saf. Code, § 11718.)
In Howard, this court noted the policies served by section 1385. “In our opinion, the standard of furtherance of justice will best be served if we recognize discretion in the trial judge, who viewed the witnesses and heard the conflicting testimony, to dismiss on the basis of the reasons he has set forth rather than severely limit such discretion to cases where the evidence is insufficient as a matter of law.
“A determination whether to dismiss in the interests of justice after a verdict involves a balancing of many factors, including the weighing of the evidence indicative of guilt or innocence, the nature of the crime involved, the fact that the defendant has or has not been incarcerated in prison awaiting trial and the length of such incarceration, the possible harassment and burdens imposed upon the defendant by a retrial, and the likelihood, if any, that additional evidence will be presented upon a retrial. When the balance falls clearly in favor of the defendant, a trial court not only may but should exercise the powers granted to him by the Legislature and grant a dismissal in the interests of justice.” (Id., at p. 505.)
The Howard rule of statutory construction was applied in People v. Dorsey (1972) 28 Cal.App.3d 15 [104 Cal.Rptr. 326]. There, the defendant was convicted of second degree murder and assault with a deadly weapon. The jury found that he had used a firearm in the commission of the offenses. (Former § 12022.5.) Section 12022.5 required an additional five-year to life period of confinement in state prison for that use. The trial court stated that it would have dismissed the use findings if it had the power.
The Court of Appeal held the trial court did have that power. “Thus we have had approval of the striking of an admitted prior for sentencing purposes (Burke), of an entire charge after a guilty verdict (Howard), an entire charge to avoid an unnecessary trial which would presumably only result in a concurrent sentence [People v. Superior Court (Mowry) (1971) 20 Cal.App.3d 684 (97 Cal.Rptr. 886)], and the complete avoidance of the provisions of Penal Code, section 12022.5, in a plea bargain situation [People v. Flores (1971) 6 Cal.3d 305 (98 Cal.Rptr. 822, 491 P.2d 406)]. The distinction between these situations and the instant one in which the court desires, as part of its sentencing responsibility, to dismiss a use of a firearm allegation strikes us as a distinction without a difference.” (Id., at p. 18.) “If the Legislature intends that the provisions of Penal Code, section 12022.5, not be subject to dismissal, it could and should so indicate.” (Id., at p. 19.)
The court also discussed the policy served by section 1385. “Mandatory, arbitrary or rigid sentencing procedures invariably lead to unjust results. Society receives maximum protection when the penalty, treatment or disposition of the offender is tailored to the individual case. Only the trial judge has the knowledge, ability and tools at hand to properly individualize the treatment of the offender. Subject always to legislative control and appellate review, trial courts should be afforded maximum leeway in fitting the punishment to the offender.” (Id., at p. 18.)
The rule of statutory construction developed in Burke and reiterated in Howard and Dorsey is clear. Section 1385 permits dismissals in the interest of justice in any situation where the Legislature has not clearly evidenced a contrary intent. The policies behind this rule were articulated in the Howard and Dorsey cases.
In People v. Tanner (1979) 24 Cal.3d 514 [156 Cal.Rptr. 450, 596 P.2d 328], this court found that the trial court did not have the authority to strike a use finding in order to place an otherwise ineligible defendant on probation, because the Legislature had precluded such an exercise of judicial discretion. Section 1203.06, enacted in 1975, provided that “Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1203; (a) Probation shall not be granted to .. (1) [a]ny person who personally used a firearm during the commission ... of any of the following crimes: (iii) Robbery, in violation of Section 211... .” The defendant was convicted of robbery and the jury found that he had used a firearm in the commission of the offense. At sentencing, the trial court struck the use finding and sentenced the defendant to probation, including one year in the county jail. The state appealed, arguing that section 1203.06 forbade dismissal of the use finding.
Although section 1203.06 did not expressly state that judicial discretion under section 1385 was precluded, this court found sufficient indices of such an intent in the history of the statute. “We must therefore conclude the Legislature intends discretion may be exercised in the case of crimes falling within section 1203 but not within section 1203.06. Any other construction restores the pre-1975 law allowing a court to grant probation to any criminal if the court deems that to do so would be in the interest of justice. Such judicial resurrection renders the 1975 legislation a nullity.” (Id., at p. 520.)
The Tanner decision did not purport to overturn Burke, Howard, or Dorsey. Indeed, the opinion cited Burke for the proposition that “[s]ection 1385 has been construed to provide judicial power to dismiss or strike—within the court’s discretion—allegations which, if proven, would enhance punishment for alleged criminal conduct.” (Id., at p. 518.) Furthermore, it is clear from the opinion that the mere use of mandatory language in the statute does not indicate that section 1385 is inapplicable. If it did, there would have been no need to consider the legislative history or intent. Therefore, section 1385 is.applicable in the absence of a specific indication by the Legislature to the contrary.
Turning to the statute before this court, section 190 provides, in part, that “[ejvery person guilty of murder in the first degree shall suffer death, confinement in state prison for life without possibility of parole, or confinement in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life. The penalty to be applied shall be determined as provided in Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.” Section 190.1 establishes the order in which various charges and issues are to be determined. Section 190.2, subdivision (a) provides that “[t]he penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be death or confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which one or more of the following special circumstances has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4, to be true: ... . There is nothing which differentiates these sections from the statutes examined in Burke and Dorsey, since they also provided for a particular sentence based on the finding of additional factors. Unlike former Health and Safety Code section 11718, discussed in Sidener and Tenorio, no provision of the death penalty statute seeks to limit the exercise of the trial court’s power to dismiss allegations.
The holding in Tanner does not compel a contrary result. Section 1203, subdivision (b) contains language virtually identical to that in section 1385. Section 1203.06 specifically holds this language inapplicable: “Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1203: (a) Probation shall not be granted to.... ” There is no such provision or requirement in section 190 et seq. Unlike section 1203.06, the death penalty statute is not specific legislation “relating to the limited power of dismissal for purposes of [parole]—the very matter at issue.” (Tanner, supra, 24 Cal.3d at p. 521.) Sections 190 through 190.5 do not purport to limit the trial court’s power to dismiss special circumstance findings in order to permit the possibility of parole. The “unmistakable clarity” which Howard requires is absent from this legislation. (Howard, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 503.)
There is no indication of contrary legislative intent. The present statute was passed by initiative in 1978. In the voters pamphlet for that election, the Legislative Analyst stated, “Generally speaking, the law requires a sentence of death or life without the possibility of parole when an individual is convicted of first degree murder under one or more of the following special circumstances .... [¶] The proposition would also expand and modify the list of special circumstances which require either the death penalty or life without the possibility of parole....” (Legislative Analyst’s Analysis, Ballot Pamp., Initiative Statute, Prop. 7, Gen. Elec. (Nov. 7, 1978) p. 32. Original italics.) There is no discussion of section 1385 or the court’s power to dismiss a special circumstance allegation. The printed argument in favor of the bill refers only to the death penalty and does not discuss the alternative punishment of life without the possibility of parole. (Ballot Pamp., argument in favor of Initiative Prop. 7 as presented to the voters, Gen. Elec. (Nov. 7, 1978) p. 34.)
The legislative history of the 1977 statute is similarly silent on this issue. Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole as a punishment for murder is discussed in only one paragraph of a 14-page analysis of Senate Bill No. 155 prepared by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. It reads, “Until now the penalty of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole has been rarely used in California. This bill would make it the alternate punishment for all crimes for which the death penalty is authorized. Should the death penalty provisions be held invalid, all those already sentenced to death would be sentenced instead to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Thus, the bill, if enacted, would result in an increasing number of prison inmates incarcerated with no hope of eventual release.” (Bill Analysis of Sen. Bill No. 155 (as amended Feb. 17, 1977) by Sen. Com. on Judiciary, at pp. 8-9.)
This paragraph suggests that the punishment of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole was written into the law, in part, because the Legislature believed the death penalty provisions might well be held unconstitutional. There is nothing in this passage which suggests that the Legislature contemplated the trial court’s power to dismiss under section 1385. Under the normal rules of statutory interpretation, section 1385 is applicable to a special circumstance finding. Thus, it provides the statutory authority to strike a special circumstance finding so that a person can be eligible for parole.
The next issue raised by respondent is whether there is something unique to this death penalty statute which prevents the application of section 1385. In Rockwell v. Superior Court (1976) 18 Cal.3d 420 [134 Cal.Rptr. 650, 556 P.2d 1101], this court considered the validity of a prior death penalty statute which had been passed in the wake of Furman v. Georgia (1972) 408 U.S. 238 [33 L.Ed.2d 346, 92 S.Ct. 2726], Furman invalidated a death penalty statute which gave standardless discretion to a jury to impose death as a punishment. In response to Furman, section 190 was amended in 1973 to read, “Every person guilty of murder in the first degree shall suffer death if any one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in Section 190.2 have been charged and found to be true in the manner provided in Section 190.1. Every person otherwise guilty of murder in the first degree shall suffer confinement in the state prison for life. ...” (Former § 190.)
In a series of five cases handed down in July 1976, the United States Supreme Court ruled two similar statutes unconstitutional because they did not provide for consideration of mitigating circumstances or for guided discretion on the part of the sentencing authority. (Gregg v. Georgia (1976) 428 U.S. 153 [49 L.Ed.2d 859, 96 S.Ct. 2909]; Proffitt v. Florida (1976) 428 U.S. 242 [49 L.Ed.2d 913, 96 S.Ct. 2960]; Jurek v. Texas (1976) 428 U.S. 262 [49 L.Ed.2d 929, 96 S.Ct. 2950]; Woodson v. North Carolina (1976) 428 U.S. 280 [49 L.Ed.2d 944, 96 S.Ct. 2978] [statute unconstitutional]; Roberts v. Louisiana (1976) 428 U.S. 325 [49 L.Ed.2d 974, 96 S.Ct. 3001] [statute unconstitutional].)
This court discussed those cases in Rockwell. “[Statutes providing for imposition of the death penalty may neither make that penalty mandatory nor give the jury or judge charged with determining the penalty absolute discretion in the choice of life or death, but must provide standards so that the sentencing authority will ‘focus on the particularized circumstances of the crime and the defendant.’ (Gregg v. Georgia, supra, 428 U.S. 153, 199 [49 L.Ed.2d 859, 889].) A statute which enumerates aggravating circumstances, one or more of which must be found as a prerequisite to imposition of the death penalty but which does not provide for ‘meaningful opportunity for consideration of mitigating factors presented by circumstances of the particular crime or by the attributes of the individual offender’ (Roberts v. Louisiana, supra, 428 U.S. 325, [333-]334 [49 L.Ed.2d 974, 982]) permits the imposition of capital punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment’s proscription of cruel and unusual punishment, as does a statute which makes death a mandatory punishment for specified categories of murder. (Woodson v. North Carolina, supra, 428 U.S. 280, 305 [49 L.Ed.2d 944, 961-962].) ‘[I]n capital cases the fundamental respect for humanity underlying the Eighth Amendment . . . requires consideration of the character and record of the individual offender and the circumstances of the particular offense as a constitutionally indispensable part of the process of inflicting the penalty of death.’ (Id., [428 U.S.] at p. 304 [49 L.Ed.2d at p. 961].)” (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 428.)
The death penalty statute considered in Rockwell suffered from the same infirmities as those struck down in Woodson and Roberts, supra. Death was the prescribed punishment once a special circumstance allegation was found to be true. No provision was made for individualized sentencing.
The state argued in Rockwell that sections 1181, subdivision 7 and 1385 could be applied to save the statute from its constitutional infirmities.
This argument was rejected for a variety of reasons. “First, no provision is made under section 190.1, section 1181, subdivision 7, section 1385, or otherwise for the introduction of evidence of mitigating factors, and no guidance is given as to what factors should be considered ‘mitigating.’ Second, the procedures approved by the United States Supreme Court require that the sentencing authority, be it judge or jury, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in light of specific and detailed guidelines. None of the approved procedures permits the trier of fact to find the aggravating factors of the offense and then permits reduction of an otherwise mandatory death penalty only if the sentencing authority independently finds mitigating circumstances sufficient to warrant mercy.
“Even if we assume that such a procedure is sanctioned by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, however, neither section 1181, subdivision 7, nor section 1385, permits a trial judge to act in the manner suggested by the People.” (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 439.)
First, this court noted that section 1385 provided at least a framework for judicial consideration of special circumstance allegations. “Although section 1385 provides that a dismissal ‘in furtherance of justice’ may be ordered either on the motion of the district attorney, or on the court’s motion, a defendant may invite the court to exercise its power by an application to strike a count or allegation of an accusatory pleading, and the court must consider evidence offered by the defendant in support of his assertion that the dismissal would be in furtherance of justice. (In re Cortez (1971) 6 Cal.3d 78 [98 Cal.Rptr. 307, 490 P.2d 819], People v. Tenorio (1970) 3 Cal.3d 89 [89 Cal.Rptr. 249, 473 P.2d 993].)” (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at pp. 441-442.)
Since section 1385 provided a mechanism by which the trial court could consider striking a special circumstance finding, the next question was whether section 1385 applied. “[This court has] not heretofore had occasion to consider whether this power to strike allegations in an accusatory pleading extends to the integrated statutory scheme for imposition of the death penalty established by sections 190 through 190.3. The language of those sections, the omission therefrom of any provision for a hearing on mitigating circumstances, and the history of their adoption leads us to conclude that this would be contrary to the legislative purpose. The Legislature did not intend the jury verdict on special circumstances to be merely advisory, but contemplated death as a mandatory penalty whenever special circumstances were found unless precluded by section 190.3.” (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 442.)
The language of the 1973 statute clearly demonstrated an intent by the Legislature that imposition of the death penalty be mandatory. No provision was made for consideration of mitigating factors or for the striking of special circumstance allegations.
In addition, the history of the statute bore out the fact that this was the Legislature’s intent. Provisions which would have permitted consideration of mitigating factors were deleted from Senate Bill No. 450 before it was codified into sections 190 through 190.3. (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 443.) “There is simply no escaping the conclusion that our Legislature intended to and did enact a mandatory statute, believing that such a statute was most likely to withstand constitutional challenge.” (Id., at p. 448, conc. opn. of Clark, J.) In Rockwell, this court was confronted with a statute clearly designed to be mandatory in order to meet what were then regarded as the constitutional requirements for a death penalty statute.
There is no indication that the drafters of the current death penalty law believed the death penalty statute would be ruled unconstitutional unless life imprisonment without the possibility of parole was made mandatory once a special circumstance allegation was found. Gregg and Rockwell certainly would give rise to no such belief. Indeed, the route taken by the Legislature in 1977 and the voters in 1978 indicates a contrary intent—to provide for discretion and the consideration of mitigating factors in the imposition of the death penalty.
Were this court to find that the present statute retained the design and purpose of the 1973 legislation, the statute would have to be held unconstitutional for the reasons expressed in Rockwell. Thus, the history and intent which were central to the inquiry in Rockwell are not only irrelevant here, they are necessarily absent.
Furthermore, the application of section 1385 to the 1973 legislation would have drastically altered the nature of the statute. “To save the statute we would have to rewrite it under the guise of interpretation, construing it contrary to the plain intention of the Legislature, which we must not do.” (Rockwell, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 446, conc. opn. of Clark, J.) The application of section 1385 to the present context requires no such judicial interference or alteration.
Once it is recognized that the history and intent behind the 1973 legislation are inapposite to the current law, only the bare words of the statute are left. As noted in People v. Burke, supra, 47 Cal. 2d 45 and People v. Dorsey, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 15, the use of the word “shall” in the statute is insufficient to evidence an intent that the trial court is precluded from exercising its discretionary powers under section 1385. Nothing in the present statute purports to limit this power. Therefore, the trial courts have the authority under section 1385 to dismiss special circumstance findings in order to make it possible for a person to be eligible for parole.
Trial courts will exercise this power in a careful and thoughtful manner. The wise use of this power will promote the administration of justice by ensuring that persons are sentenced based on the particular facts of the offense and all the circumstances. It enables the punishment to fit the crime as well as the perpetrator.
The trial court’s findings in the present case provide an example of the proper use of this power. The court also presided over the trial of Eddie Palmer. Based on the facts, it reached the conclusion that “this defendant was much less culpable than the defendant Eddie Palmer.”
As noted earlier, appellant was tried on a felony-murder theory. There was no requirement that the jury find that she intended to cause death or even that she personally committed the acts resulting in death. The evidence produced at the trial certainly does not indicate such intent. Furthermore, the underlying felonies, used to establish a murder and then to raise the murder to first degree, were used a third time to establish special circumstances. Although appellant has not challenged the use of the felony-murder concept in this manner, these factors further support the trial court’s conclusion.
Sections 190 through 190.5 do not bar the use of the trial court’s power under section 1385 to dismiss a finding of special circumstances in order to modify a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
III.
Next, appellant claims that the trial court erred in finding that her waiver of Miranda rights was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. The record does not support this claim.
Officer Collette testified that appellant was brought to his desk at approximately 8:10 a.m. on January 12, 1979. He asked her what she wanted and she replied that she wanted to speak with him concerning her involvement in some “cases.” He asked her, “What cases?” Appellant stated, “A robbery and a murder.”
Officer Collette took appellant into an interview room and read to her from Los Angeles PD Form 254: “You have the right to remain silent. [H] Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. [¶] You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him present with you while you are being questioned. [¶] If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning if you wish one.”
Reading from the form, Officer Collette asked, “Do you understand each of these rights I’ve explained to you?” Appellant answered, “Yes.” The officer asked, “Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now?” Appellant replied, “Yes, I want to talk.”
On the other hand, appellant claims she went to the police station to inquire about her daughter, who had been arrested some two weeks earlier. However, this claim is not supported by the record. Rather, the evidence shows that appellant returned to Los Angeles at the prompting of her mother, who told her to turn herself in. Appellant patiently waited three hours at the police station for Officer Collette to arrive and then told him she wanted to talk about “[a] robbery and a murder.”
Appellant concedes that Officer Collette properly advised her of her rights under Miranda. She contends, however, that the waiver was invalid because she was not aware of the possible penalties for murder, robbery, and burglary or of the intricacies of the felony-murder rule. No authority is cited for this proposition. Although a valid waiver is more likely to be found where the police have provided the fullest possible information, such information is not necessary in every case in order to establish a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver. There is nothing in the record to support the contention that appellant did not understand her rights as they were read to her by Officer Collette.
“‘In determining whether there has been a waiver of constitutional rights, the issue must be resolved on the whole record [citations], and its resolution must depend upon the particular facts and circumstances surrounding the case under consideration, including the background, experience, and conduct of the accused. [Citation.]”’ (People v. Duren (1973) 9 Cal.3d 218, 238 [107 Cal.Rptr. 157, 507 P.2d 1365], quoting from People v. Brockman (1969) 2 Cal.App.3d 1002, 1008 [83 Cal.Rptr. 70].) The prosecution has the burden of showing beyond a reasonable doubt that a suspect knowingly and intelligently waived his Miranda rights. (People v. Braeseke (1979) 25 Cal.3d 691, 701 [159 Cal.Rptr. 684, 602 P.2d 384], judgment vacated and cause remanded sub nom. California v. Braeseke (1980) 446 U.S. 932 [64 L.Ed.2d 784, 100 S.Ct. 2147], reiterated, 28 Cal.3d 86 [168 Cal.Rptr. 603, 618 P.2d 149], cert. den. 451 U.S. 1021 [69 L.Ed.2d 395, 101 S.Ct. 3015].)
“‘[T]he particular facts and circumstances surrounding the case under consideration’” (People v. Duren, supra, 9 Cal.3d at p. 238) support the trial court’s finding that appellant did knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waive her rights under Miranda. The confession was properly admitted.
IV.
This case is remanded to the trial court for exercise of the court’s discretion to determine whether or not there is a basis for dismissing the finding of two special circumstances. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.
Tobriner, J., Mosk, J., Newman, J., and Broussard, J., concurred.
RICHARDSON, J.
I concur in the majority opinion to the extent that it affirms defendant’s conviction of first degree murder, burglary and robbery. I respectfully dissent, however, from the majority’s reversal as to penalty. In my view, the trial court very properly sentenced defendant to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
The 1978 death penalty law explicitly and unambiguously provides that “[t]he penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be death or confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which one or more . .. special circumstances has been charged and specially found ....” (Pen. Code, § 190.2, subd. (a), italics added.) Despite the mandatory language of section 190.2, the majority now concludes that trial courts may impose a lesser sentence of life imprisonment with possibility of parole merely by striking, that is ignoring, the jury’s finding of special circumstances. Yet, there is nothing in the language or history of the 1978 death penalty law which indicates that the trial courts were vested with any such broad power to remove the jury’s express finding. To the contrary, the clear intent of the framers of that law, and of the sovereign people of this state, as well, who by initiative enacted it, was to impose a mandatory sentence of death or life imprisonment without parole “in any case” of first degree murder accompanied by a finding of special circumstances.
The majority’s rationale is as follows: Trial courts are vested with a general power to dismiss an action in furtherance of justice (Pen. Code, § 1385); “Section 1385 permits dismissals in the interest of justice in any situation where the Legislature has not specifically indicated a contrary intent” (ante, p. 482; see also p. 483); because the 1978 death penalty law does not “specifically” withhold the power to dismiss a special circumstances finding such a power may be exercised “in a careful and thoughtful manner.” (Ante, p. 489.)
Such reasoning is faulty. First of all, the majority’s statement of the applicable rule of statutory construction is directly contrary to our own recent holdings in People v. Tanner (1979) 24 Cal.3d 514, 518-520 [156 Cal.Rptr. 450, 596 P.2d 328], and Rockwell v. Superior Court (1976) 18 Cal.3d 420, 442-443 [134 Cal.Rptr. 650, 556 P.2d 1101], In each of these cases, the applicable statutes imposed specific penalties for particular crimes without any express withholding of the power to dismiss or reduce those penalties under section 1385. Nevertheless, in both cases we held that, based upon the mandatory statutory language imposing the penalties and the applicable legislative history, we could clearly infer an intent to preclude application of the dismissal power under section 1385.
Thus, in Tanner the Legislature, without mentioning section 1385, had provided that probation “shall not be granted” to any person using a firearm during a robbery. (Pen. Code, § 1203.06.) We held that “While the Legislature has not assisted us in discerning its intent, we must conclude that when proper findings invoking the operation of section 1203.06 have been made, the mandatory provisions of that section may not be avoided by employing section 1385 to strike either the allegations of the complaint or the findings of the jury.” (P. 519, italics added.) Vainly, the dissenting opinion of Justice Tobriner urged that “in the absence of an explicit legislative restriction of the section 1385 power” we could not infer any intent to restrict that power. (P. 531, italics in original.) This is precisely the position taken now by the present majority, and we rejected it two years ago.
Rockwell is even closer on point, involving as it did interpretation of the penalty provisions of a death penalty law comparable in all pertinent respects to the 1978 law which is under present scrutiny. In Rockwell, the 1973 death penalty law imposed a mandatory penalty of death for first degree murder accompanied by specified special circumstances. (Former Pen. Code, § 190.) The 1973 act was silent regarding the trial courts’ power to dismiss a special circumstances finding or to reduce the penalty otherwise prescribed, and the contention was raised, identical to that now adopted by the present majority, that section 1385 might be invoked “in the interest of justice if mitigating circumstances suggest that the death penalty is not an appropriate punishment.” (18 Cal. 3d, at p. 441.) We flatly and unanimously rejected the argument, employing in the words of Chief Justice Wright an analysis that is fully applicable here: “We have not heretofore had occasion to consider whether this power to strike allegations in an accusatory pleading extends to the integrated statutory scheme for imposition of the death penalty established by sections 190 through 190.3. The language of those sections, the omission therefrom of any provision for a hearing on mitigating circumstances, and the history of their adoption lead us to conclude that this would be contrary to the legislative purpose. The Legislature did not intend the jury verdict on special circumstances to be merely advisory, but contemplated death as a mandatory penalty whenever special circumstances were found unless precluded by section 190.3.” (P. 442, italics added.)
The majority herein does not purport to overrule either Tanner or Rockwell, but rather attempts to distinguish those cases on their facts. Accordingly, despite the majority’s incorrect recital of the applicable rule of statutory construction (requiring a “specific” or “explicit” reference to § 1385), the analysis contained in those cases survives today’s ill-considered ruling, and I reaffirm our Tanner and Rockwell analysis in considering the issue before us.
As I have noted, in Rockwell we focused upon (1) the mandatory language of the penalty provision, (2) the omission of any reference therein to section 1385 or similar dismissal provision, and (3) the applicable legislative history.
1. Mandatory language. In Rockwell, we stressed that the 1973 act required that a person found guilty of first degree murder “shall suffer death” (former § 190), “shall suffer the penalty of death” (id., § 190.1), and “the penalty .. . shall be death” (id., § 190.2), where special circumstances are found. (P. 442.) We further observed that the 1973 act contained an “integrated statutory scheme” with “detailed procedures” whereby special circumstances are to be charged and tried, including a provision that if two successive juries have been unable to reach a unanimous verdict regarding the special circumstances charge, the court shall dismiss the jury and impose the punishment of life imprisonment. (Ibid.) We emphasized that “The Legislature gave the court the power to impose a sentence of life imprisonment only in this instance.” (Ibid.) We concluded that “These detailed provisions governing the manner by which special circumstances are to be charged and found lead to the conclusion that sections 190 through 190.3 are special legislation and that the court presently has no power under the general grant of authority of section 1385 to strike special circumstances allegations in the interest of justice as an exercise of mercy. [Citations.]” (P. 443, italics added.)
Similarly, the 1978 act involved here also uses mandatory language substantially identical to the 1973 act. The 1978 act provided that “The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be death or confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which one or more . . . special circumstances has been charged and specially found ... to be true.” (§ 190.2, subd. (a), italics added.) Like the 1973 act, the present statutory scheme contains an integrated and detailed procedure for charging and trying special circumstances. (§§ 190.1-190.4.) Once again, as in the 1973 act, the sole authorization for a reduced sentence arises after two successive juries are unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to the special circumstances charge. (§ 190.4, subd. (a).) The multiple and direct parallels between the statutory scheme interpreted by us in Rockwell and the 1978 act are simply inescapable. Logic and common sense dictate that they should receive parallel construction.
2. Omission of reference to section 1385. In Rockwell, we noted that no provision in the 1973 act affirmatively “suggests that the court which has made such a [special circumstances] finding may then strike the allegation it has found true and avoid the command that the death penalty be imposed.” (P. 443.) Likewise, nothing whatever in the 1978 act suggests such a power. Section 190.4, subdivision (e), explicitly authorizes the trial court to review the jury’s penalty determination and to modify a verdict or finding imposing the death penalty whenever the verdict or finding as to penalty is contrary to the law or evidence presented. Yet no similar authority is granted to modify or strike a jury’s finding of special circumstances. This omission strongly suggests an intention to withhold that power.
3. Legislative history. In Rockwell, our conclusion regarding the non-applicability of section 1385 was supported by the available legislative history of the 1973 act which indicated an intent to preclude any discretionary consideration of mitigating circumstances in deciding the penalty issue. (P. 443.) The 1978 act was adopted as an initiative measure, and the ballot handbook and arguments afford an illuminating view of the intent of the framers of that initiative, and of the people who voted in its favor. (See Amador Valley Joint Union High Sch. Dist. v. State Bd. of Equalization (1978) 22 Cal.3d 208, 245-246 [149 Cal.Rptr. 239, 583 P.2d 1281], approving consideration of such materials.)
It is significant, in my view, that the legislative analyst’s commentary which was given to the voters before the election states that the 1978 measure would “expand and modify the list of special circumstances which require either the death penalty or life without the possibility of parole.” (Ballot Pamp., Gen. Elec. (Nov. 7, 1978) p. 32, italics added.) There is absolutely no mention made of any trial court power to dismiss or strike a special circumstances finding “in the furtherance of justice.” Equally significant is the argument in favor of the initiative measure which stresses to the voters that the measure will provide a “new, tough death penalty law,” and indeed “the nation’s toughest, most effective death penalty law.” (Id., at p. 34.) It is exceedingly doubtful that those who approved the initiative measure (72 percent in favor and 28 percent opposed; see People v. Teron (1979) 23 Cal.3d 103, 124-125 [151 Cal.Rptr. 633, 588 P.2d 773] (dis. opn.)) reasonably anticipated that the seemingly mandatory penalties for first degree murder with special circumstances could be so readily reduced or modified at the discretion of a trial judge by the simple process of striking the jury’s special circumstances finding. To the contrary, following such a finding, the trial judge’s sole discretion under the act affects the penalty only, and only to the extent of authorizing imposition of life without possibility of parole in the place of the death penalty.
For all of the foregoing reasons, in my opinion, the majority seriously errs in reading into the 1978 law an implied authority to dismiss or strike a special circumstances finding. This is not what the people of this state thought they were approving when they adopted the 1978 initiatiye, and this most assuredly is not what we said when we interpreted section 1385 in Tanner and the death penalty statutes in Rockwell.
Accordingly, I would affirm the judgment in its entirety.
Kaus, J., concurred.
The petitions of both parties for a rehearing were denied February 3, 1982. Richardson, J., was of the opinion that the petitions should be granted.
Section 1385 states, “The judge or magistrate may, either of its own motion or upon the application of the prosecuting attorney, and in furtherance of justice, order an action to be dismissed. The reasons of the dismissal must be set forth in an order entered upon the minutes. No dismissal shall be made for any cause which would be ground of demurrer to the accusatory pleading.”
All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
Portions of Mrs. Loney’s testimony at the preliminary examination were read into the record. In addition, she testified in person.
In addition to Officer Collette’s testimony, the jury heard a tape of his interrogation of appellant.
“Fast Eddie” Palmer was tried separately before the same court and convicted of murder with special circumstances. He received a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
In 1851, the phrase “after indictment" was changed to “or indictment.” (Stats. 1851, ch. 29, § 597, p. 279.) The 1872 version read, “The Court may, either of its own motion or upon the application of the District Attorney, and in furtherance of justice, order an action or indictment to be dismissed. The reasons of the dismissal must be set forth in an order entered upon the minutes.” In 1951, “Court” became “court,” “District Attorney” was changed to “prosecuting attorney,” the phrase “or indictment” was dropped, and the third sentence was added. (Stats. 1951, ch. 1674, § 141, p. 3857.) In 1980, “judge or magistrate” was substituted for “court.” (Stats. 1980, ch. 938, § 7, p. 2968.)
Former section 12022.5 provided in pertinent part:
“Any person who uses a firearm in the commission or attempted commission of ... murder ... upon conviction of such crime, shall, in addition to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which he has been convicted, be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a period of not less than five years. Such additional period of imprisonment shall commence upon expiration or other termination of the sentence imposed for the crime of which he is convicted and shall not run concurrently with such sentence.
“This section shall apply even in those cases where the use of a weapon is an element of the offense.”
The punishment of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for certain categories of first degree murder did not become a part of the state’s law until January 1, 1977. Section 190 was amended to provide for such punishment where the defendant was “guilty of murder in the first degree which is perpetrated by means of torture with the intent to kill....” (Stats. 1976, ch. 1124, § 1, p. 5028.) This provision remained a part of section 190 when the determinate sentencing law became operative on July 1, 1977. (Stats. 1976, ch. 1139, § 133, p. 5098.) Thereafter, the Legislature passed a comprehensive bill which provided that life imprisonment without the possibility of parole should be the alternative to capital punishment once any special circumstance was found to exist. (Stats. 1977, ch. 316, §§ 4-14, pp. 1256-1262.) The present statute, passed by initiative in 1978, retains this feature.
The analysis also contained this query: “Is it good policy to create this new and exceedingly dangerous category of inmates within our prisons?” (Ibid.)
Section 1181, subdivision 7, provides that a new trial may be granted upon the defendant’s application, “[w]hen the verdict or finding is contrary to law or evidence, but in any case wherein authority is vested by statute in the trial court or jury to recommend or determine as a part of its verdict or finding the punishment to be imposed, the court may modify such verdict or finding by imposing the lesser punishment without granting or ordering a new trial, and this power shall extend to any court to which the case may be appealed.”
The contention of the state that “for all practical purposes there is no such penalty as life without possibility of parole in California because of the commutation powers of the Governor...” is specifically rejected. However, the state fails to argue (and it would be foolish to do so) that, as a result, there is no death penalty in California.
No view is expressed on whether the power to dismiss under section 1385 applies to a finding of special circumstances after the jury has returned a verdict of death.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 [16 L.Ed.2d 694, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 10 A.L.R.3d 974].
| CASELAW |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jonathan Swain
The result was no consensus. (Non-administrator closure.) Northamerica1000(talk) 21:20, 24 January 2014 (UTC)
Jonathan Swain
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Couldn't establish WP:NOTABILITY Boleyn (talk) 14:31, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United Kingdom-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 23:17, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Radio-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 23:17, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 23:17, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 23:17, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 23:17, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
* Delete. Little or no coverage from reliable sources independent of the subject. Fails WP:SIGCOV. Levdr1 lp / talk 08:14, 31 December 2013 (UTC)
* Keep -- I would suggest that being senior reporter for a natioanl news programme made him notable. The lack of references implies tagging for improvement, not deletion. Peterkingiron (talk) 21:30, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
* Comment There is little or no coverage outside the Swain article (if I were basing my position on the article alone, I would vote "speedy delete"). If you can find a "significant" level of reliable coverage online or elsewhere, then please do so, and feel free to share. Levdr1 lp / talk 00:02, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Mark Arsten (talk) 02:07, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
* Weak keep - his profile suggests he will have featured prominently on TV news (unfortunately, or fortunately, I don't watch ITV morning news). He was gleefully shamed by most of the major UK newspapers in October 2009 for swearing loudly during a live TV broadcast (doing a bunjee jump, not quite Bagdad, but hey!) . His marriage, with some biographical info, was featured in the newspaper of a major UK city . Sionk (talk) 03:15, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Mark Arsten (talk) 05:03, 14 January 2014 (UTC)
| WIKI |
John Pitcairn Jr.
John Pitcairn Jr. (January 10, 1841 – July 22, 1916) was a Scottish-born American industrialist. With just an elementary school education, Pitcairn rose through the ranks of the Pennsylvania railroad industry, and played a significant role in the creation of the modern oil and natural gas industries. He went on to found the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (now PPG Industries), an early industry innovator which quickly grew into the largest manufacturer of plate glass in the United States, and amassed one of the largest fortunes in the United States at the time.
Pitcairn was also the primary financial benefactor of the General Church of the New Jerusalem, a Christian church that follows the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg, and was a major activist in the American anti-vaccination movement.
Early life
Pitcairn was born on January 10, 1841, in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, to John Pitcairn Sr. (1803–1884), a machinist, and Agnes McEwan (1803–1891), a housekeeper. He was one of six children resulting from the marriage, and also had one older half-sibling from his father's first marriage.
Pitcairn's parents had initially emigrated to America around 1835, and lived first in Brooklyn, New York, and then in Paterson, New Jersey, where Pitcairn' sister, Janet, was born. Meeting with a lack of financial success, they returned to Scotland a few years later. In 1846, however, the family emigrated again to America, this time with four new children, and settled in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, where Pitcairn's uncle, Alexander Pitcairn, had started a woolens business. There, Pitcairn attended public school until dropping out at age 14 to pursue a career in the railroad.
Around 1849 Pitcairn and the rest of his family were baptized by David Powell, a reverend of the New Church.
Rail
Pitcairn began his professional life at the age of 14, working as an office boy for the general superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Altoona. He soon learned telegraphy, and through that became friends with Andrew Carnegie. Pitcairn rapidly worked his way up through the railroad industry; first as assistant to the superintendent of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, and next as assistant to the superintendent of the Philadelphia Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. On February 22, 1861, during his tenure at the latter, Pitcairn was in charge of the train which carried President-elect Abraham Lincoln from Harrisburg to Philadelphia, en route to the inauguration in Washington, D.C. Later, when the Confederate Army invaded Pennsylvania before the Battle of Antietam, Pitcairn and his brother Robert Pitcairn were dispatched by Colonel Thomas A. Scott, then Assistant Secretary of War, to Chambersburg, to head the train service for the government. Pitcairn next served as assistant superintendent of the Middle Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and followed this with a stint as the superintendent of the Middle Division of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. Finally, in 1869, he was appointed general manager of the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway Company.
Energy
Upon forming a partnership with J. J. Vandergrift of Pittsburgh and George V. Forman of Buffalo, Pitcairn resigned from his position of general manager to focus exclusively on the oil business. During this period, Pitcairn built the Imperial Refinery at Oil City, Pennsylvania, and was heavily involved with the production, refining, and pipeline transportation of oil. With Vandergrift, he built and controlled the first natural gas pipeline for manufacturing purposes, and had a controlling stake in the Natural Gas Company, Ltd., founded in the summer of 1875, and later to become the Natural Gas Company of West Virginia. Through these and other successful investments in energy, mining, and banking, Pitcairn substantially expanded his wealth.
Glass
In 1883, Pitcairn teamed up with Captain John Baptiste Ford and several others to establish the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (PPG). Based in Creighton, Pennsylvania (about 20 miles north of Pittsburgh along the Allegheny River), PPG soon became the United States' first commercially successful producer of high-quality, thick flat glass using the plate process. PPG was also the world's first plate glass plant to power its furnaces with locally produced natural gas, an innovation which rapidly stimulated widespread industrial use of the cleaner-burning fuel.
PPG expanded quickly. By 1900, known as the "Glass Trust", it included ten plants, had a 65 percent share of the U.S. plate glass market, and had become the nation's second largest producer of paint. Today, known as PPG Industries, the company is a multibillion-dollar, Fortune 500 corporation with 150 manufacturing locations around the world. It now produces coatings, glass, fiberglass, and chemicals.
Pitcairn served as a director of PPG from its start, its president from 1897 to 1905, and chairman of the board from 1894 until his death.
Magnate
Pitcairn's interests and holdings were not limited to PPG; at the time of his death, he was also president of the C. H. Wheeler Manufacturing Company, the Pittsburgh Valve and Fittings Company, and the Loyal Hanna Coal and Coke Company, and a director of the Central National Bank of Philadelphia, the Columbia Chemical Company, the Michigan Chemical Company, the Natural Gas Company of West Virginia, and the Owosso Sugar Company.
Family
Pitcairn was the brother of Pennsylvania railroad magnate Robert Pitcairn and consul-general Hugh Pitcairn.
In 1877, the already highly successful, 38-year-old Pitcairn met 21-year-old Gertrude Starkey (1855–1898). Two years later, he proposed marriage, but was gently turned down. Reputedly, Starkey's strong New Church beliefs about the ideal of marriage required her to conduct a close examination of the spiritual nature of her feelings for him. Undeterred by her rejection, Pitcairn continued to court Starkey for five more years. Finally she accepted, and they were married in 1884.
Following their marriage, the couple lived on Spring Garden Street in Philadelphia, until the completion of the new family estate, Cairnwood, in 1895. Together they had six children, only four of whom survived infancy. These were:
* Vera Pitcairn (1887–1910). Vera died suddenly of appendicitis at the age of 23.
* Raymond Pitcairn (1885–1966). Raymond was a lawyer, a businessman, a collector of ancient and medieval art, and an amateur architect. He supervised the building of the Bryn Athyn Cathedral. He was also the national chairman and a major financial supporter of the Sentinels of the Republic, a right-wing political group of the 1920s and 1930s which opposed child labor legislation and the New Deal.
* Theodore Pitcairn (1893–1973). Theodore was an arts collector and philanthropist, and a minister in the General Church of the New Jerusalem. In the late 1930s a doctrinal schism within the church led him and several other members to found another "New Church" branch known as The Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma. He served as a leader of this new church until his death.
* Harold Frederick Pitcairn (1897–1960). Harold, a lifelong aviation enthusiast, started Pitcairn Aviation, an air mail service that ultimately grew into Eastern Airlines. He founded the Pitcairn Aircraft Company, which designed and built under license pioneering airmail aircraft and autogyros. He played a key role in promoting rotary wing flight leading to development of the helicopter.
Religious philanthropy
Pitcairn was an active member and benefactor of the General Church of the New Jerusalem, a branch of the New Church, which follows the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Pitcairn's financial largess enabled the founding of the Swedenborgian settlement at Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, the construction of the town's library, and the New Church's Bryn Athyn Cathedral. He also financed the construction of a new campus for the Academy of the New Church, a Swedenborgian learning center comprising a secondary school, a college, and a theological school. The campus was completed in 1911.
Anti-vaccination activism
During the last ten years of his life, Pitcairn was highly active in the American anti-vaccination movement. According to public health historian James Colgrove, Pitcairn's opposition to vaccination stemmed from Swedenborgian teachings, a devotion to homeopathy, an alternative medical practice embraced by many New Church members, and his son Raymond's adverse reaction to a vaccination. On March 5, 1907, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, he delivered an address to the Committee on Public Health and Sanitation of the Pennsylvania General Assembly criticizing vaccination. He later sponsored the National Anti-Vaccination Conference, which, held in Philadelphia on October, 1908, led to the creation of the Anti-Vaccination League of America. When the league was organized later that month, Pitcairn was chosen to be its first president. In May, 1910, an article by Pitcairn entitled 'The Fallacy of Vaccination' was published in the Ladies Home Journal, a periodical with a readership of several million. On December 1, 1911, he was appointed by Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener to the Pennsylvania State Vaccination Commission, which in accordance with the law mandating it, was to include as members two anti-vaccinationists as well as two pro-vaccinationists. Pitcairn subsequently authored a detailed report strongly opposing the commission's pro-vaccination conclusions.
Later life and death
Construction of Pitcairn's family estate, Cairnwood, was completed in 1895. His wife, Gertrude, died just a few years later, in 1898. Pitcairn never remarried. When asked why, he once responded, "I would no sooner remarry than if Gertrude were standing in the other room."
Pitcairn remained quite active in his numerous business, philanthropy, and social activism capacities well into his seventies. Finally, in the fall of 1915, he suffered a bout of pneumonia, from which he never fully recovered. He died at Cairnwood on July 22, 1916.
In 2002, Cairnwood was entered onto the National Register of Historic Places. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 16.djvu/197
Rh dead reckoning and observation, it forms a kind of check on those two methods.
I will now enumerate some corroborating circumstances that must be considered in connection with the difference between the position by observation and that by account, ere this difference—its set and velocity—be tabulated as one of the permanent, ever-flowing currents of the ocean:
—Of two contiguous bodies of water—one hot, the other cold—the latter, being specifically heavier, will displace the former, and hence a permanent current is established,
—Since no salts are taken up in the vapor, a body of salt water from which great evaporation takes place will be specifically heavier than an adjoining one that gives off less vapor, and so a continuous flow from the dense to the light fluid will be maintained.
—In a gale, the waves roll one after another in huge volumes toward the point to which the wind blows; and the friction of the wind upon the water produces a temporary surface set to leeward.
—In gales of wind, it is common for the barometer to fall from, say, 30·20 to 29·70—half an inch—in less than a day, and while the ship is passing over a comparatively small extent of ocean. Take a very extreme case, merely for illustration. Suppose two contiguous square miles of ocean, the barometer standing 30·20 over one of them, and 29·70 over the other. This difference of half an inch in the barometer is equivalent to a difference of about one quarter of a pound pressure per square inch of surface, or 36 pounds per square foot. Taking 6,086 feet as the side of a square mile, it will contain 37,039,396 square feet; each square foot sustains a difference of pressure of 36 pounds, so that there are in all 1,333,418,256 pounds more pressure on the square mile over which the barometer stands 30·20 than on the one over which it stands 29·70. It is evident that, in order to attain an equality of level, a very decided temporary set must take place from the former square mile toward the latter.
Instead of confining the case to the impossibly small area of two square miles, let us suppose a gradual fall of the barometer from one part of the ocean to the other—such a fall, in fact, over such an area as often comes within the experience of every naval officer—and it stands to reason that waves of the ocean, like those of the air, only smaller and more sluggish, are consequent upon every change of the barometer.
—From being at rest, suppose the earth to begin to revolve, as now, from west to east. On starting, the water of the ocean would, owing to its inertia, recede from the western shores of all the continents, and, as the earth continued to revolve, it | WIKI |
Template:2022 Nadeshiko League
Division 2 promotion-relegation play-offs
The top three teams from regional league qualifiers (1st: FC Fujizakura Yamanashi, 2nd: Diosa Izumo FC, 3rd: Viamaterras Miyazaki) and the lowest-ranked team from Division 2 (Okayama Yunogo Belle) played a round-robin tournament. The top three teams of the round-robin were to join Division 2 next year. | WIKI |
Russian bikers, Crimeans cross 'Putin's bridge' in inaugural drive
May 16, 2018 / 3:55 PM / Updated 20 minutes ago Russian bikers, Crimeans cross 'Putin's bridge' in inaugural drive Reuters Staff 2 Min Read
KERCH (Reuters) - Leather-clad bikers with Russian national flags joined motorists driving for the first time across a newly-opened bridge linking Crimea with Russia on Wednesday.
President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday unveiled the new bridge to the Crimean peninsula, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014. He chatted to workmen in overalls and drove a heavy, orange truck across the bridge’s 19 km (12 miles) length.
On Wednesday, the road was open to the public. Some local residents on the Crimean side of the bridge waved from the roadside as a convoy of bikers, among them the leader of a pro-Kremlin biker group, tooted their horns on their way onto the peninsula.
Some Russians have dubbed the road-and-rail bridge designed to link Crimea into Russia’s transport network “Putin’s bridge”.
Russia’s annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014, drew sanctions and prompted a deterioration in ties with the West. Many in Russia saw the move as restoring Moscow’s rule over a historically Russian region. Vehicles drive along a bridge, which was constructed to connect the Russian mainland with the Crimean Peninsula across the Kerch Strait, May 16, 2018. REUTERS/Pavel Rebrov
“The Crimea bridge is a link,” said Andrey Merkulov, a resident from Sevastopol at the bridge on the Crimean side. “It is the greatness and might of my country. It’s yet more proof of this might and greatness.”
Some Crimean residents said they had driven through the night from the peninsula’s biggest city, Sevastopol, to attend what they described as a historic moment.
“We came to participate in the opening (of the bridge), to drive on it for the first time,” said Aleksandr Karavayev, a resident of Sevastopol. Slideshow (6 Images)
In Kiev, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said on Tuesday the bridge was illegal. The European Union and the United States also used the opening of the bridge to condemn the annexation of Crimea. Editing by Matthew Mpoke Bigg | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Unlicensed Assisted Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications
Jiantao Yuan, Qiqi Xiao, Rui Yin (Corresponding Author), Wei Qi, Celimuge Wu, Xianfu Chen
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review
Abstract
The ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) in the fifth generation (5G) communication has emerged many potential applications, which promotes the development of the internet of things (IoTs). In this paper, the URLLC system adopts the duty-cycle muting (DCM) mechanism to share unlicensed spectrums with the WiFi network, which guarantees the fair coexistence. Meanwhile, we use the mini-slot, user grouping, and finite block length regime to satisfy the low latency and high reliability requirements. We establish a non-convex optimization model with respect to power and spectrum, and solve it to minimize the power consumption at the devices, where the closed-form expressions are given by several mathematical derivations and the Lagrangian multiplier method. Numerical simulation results are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which improves the system spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2232-2243
Number of pages12
JournalMobile Networks and Applications
Volume27
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2022
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed
Keywords
• finite block length regime
• power allocation
• spectrum allocation
• unlicensed band
• URLLC
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. It was the most common device for playing recorded music from the 1870s through the 1980s. It was invented by Thomas Edison, after other inventors had studied the idea. Early phonographs recorded sound on cylinders, in addition to playing sound. In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or, since the 1940s, a record player.
Thomas Edison made his first phonograph with the mouth piece of the early telephone and some tinfoil. He thought he could talk into the mouth piece to make a disk vibrate, as the disk vibrated a needle would put grooves in the tinfoil. When Edison adjusted the machine to play and cranked the lever, he was surprised to hear his voice play back to him. He said his ideas rarely worked the first time. These cylinders could record sound, but due to their cylindrical shape, they could not be copied cheaply with a mold.
The gramophone, invented by Emile Berliner, plays sounds from a flat disk record. The record is placed onto the turntable. The turntable spins the record while a lever with a small needle on the bottom lies between the little grooves in the disk. When the grooves make the needle vibrate, music is played. These machines do not record, but the disks could be copied quickly onto vinyl disks in a factory with a mold, called a master. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Fitz and the Tantrums (album)
Fitz and the Tantrums is the third studio album by American indie pop and neo soul group Fitz and the Tantrums. It was released on June 10, 2016 by Elektra Records.
Critical reception
Fitz and the Tantrums received mixed reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 56, which indicates "mixed or average reviews" based on 7 reviews. Isaac Feldberg from the Boston Globe calls it the band's "glossiest record yet", with a "brassy, retro-glam aesthetic with a commercial-minded agenda", going on to say, "on ballads (...) the band sounds more lost, mired in lackluster lyrics and mundane melodies." The 405 gave it a score of 20/100 and wrote, "Each and every track on this album is so jam-packed with garbage pop flourishes that it can get exhausting."
Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.
Fitz and the Tantrums
* Michael Fitzpatrick – vocals, engineering
* Noelle Scaggs – vocals, tambourine
* James King – saxophone
* Joseph Karnes – bass guitar, engineering
* Jeremy Ruzumna – keyboards
* John Wicks – drums, percussion, engineering
Additional musicians
* Steve Bays – keyboards, vocals
* Parker Bossley – guitar, vocals
* Sean Foreman – vocals
* Ross Golan – vocals
* Fran Hall – vocals
* Jordan Katz – piccolo trumpet, trombone, trumpet
* Grant Michaels – drum programming, acoustic guitar, keyboards
* Ricky Reed – bass, guitar, keyboards, producer, programming
Artwork
* Joseph Cultice – photography
* Doug Gledhill – art direction, design
* Ryan McCann – art direction, design
* Sam Riback – A&R
* Craig Kallman – A&R
* Jeff Nicholas – design, layout
Production
* Miles Comaskey – mixing assistant
* Robin Florent – mixing assistant
* Chris Galland – mixing assistant, mixing engineer
* Ryan Gilligan – engineer
* Aaron Glas – engineer
* Jeff Jackson – mixing assistant
* Joel Little – composer, engineer, producer
* Emerson Mancini – mastering
* Manny Marroquin – mixing
* Tony Maserati – mixing
* Ryan "Shmedly" Maynes – engineer
* Ike Schultz – mixing assistant
* David Schwerkolt – assistant engineer
* Tyler Scott – mixing assistant | WIKI |
6
I have a controller rendering which is referenced by the standard values on most of my page templates and I need to substitute it everywhere it is used to use a different controller rendering instead.
I want to do this in a safe way without deleting the item. I know I could delete it and then use the Sitecore out of the box 'linke to another item' option that is given in the popup when confirming the delete. However I want to keep my existing item for the time being.
I have seen posts such as this: https://community.sitecore.net/technical_blogs/b/sitecorejohn_blog/posts/programmatically-update-layout-details-with-the-sitecore-asp-net-cms
But I wondered if there is an easier/better/safer way to do this.
Also I know I need to consider both the Renderings and Final renderings fields as I using Sitecore 8.1 update 2.
-- Update --
Additional information is that the rendering in question is synced with Unicorn to Staging and Prod so the solution here needs to account for this item existing in other environments. Ideally I'd do it once locally and unicorn would track the changes and push the change out to Staging and Production. One issue though is that we don't have all content locally and we don't sync content with unicorn (just templates, layouts etc).
7
• You can just update the rendering to have a different name and point to a different file. All references are by ID, so as long as the parameters and datasources can remain the same, it shouldn't be an issue.
– zzzzBov
Oct 17, 2016 at 18:30
• Thats the problem, I need to update the ID, not the name. I need to point all references to a new rendering all together. The name and controller are actually the same - or will be the same once I've replaced the rendering. Oct 17, 2016 at 19:43
• Renderings are just items. Update the rendering item, don't create a new one.
– zzzzBov
Oct 17, 2016 at 20:51
• I've tried that, it's corrupt in some way as whatever I do to update the existing item it causes my controller to break. A copy of it also breaks. Same controller code in a new controller rendering works perfectly. Hence me needing to switch it out. Oct 17, 2016 at 21:31
• "whatever I do to update the existing item it causes my controller to break" so why aren't you asking how to solve that problem? It sounds like you've got an XY problem just because you may have hit a minor error.
– zzzzBov
Oct 18, 2016 at 0:51
3 Answers 3
6
There are OOTB options. Take a look at this answer here.
Removing all references to an item using OOTB tools
All of the proposed answers will require you to (temporarily) delete the item and rely on Sitecore's remapping tool. But you won't lose your rendering.
As far as safe goes; it's the safest way I can think of. And requires no coding.
5
• Ok so essentially what your saying I need to do here is backup (serialise) my item, then delete it - use the out of the Box -> link to another item to update the references to my new item. Then re-import my item from the backup? My concern is that I need to do this on Staging and Production also and there will be additional content there that we don't have in our current development environment and I need to ensure this happens 100% for all references to this item. Oct 17, 2016 at 16:30
• Thanks for your suggestion. I've updated my question above to explain further. Oct 17, 2016 at 16:42
• 1
Ok, that changes things. However I would still argue; performing this operation directly on prod is still the better option. And even if you delete the rendering in question; next deploy with Unicorn would bring it back - no harm done.
– Mark Cassidy
Oct 17, 2016 at 17:05
• Thanks Mark. It may be my only option to do on each environment: Export the old rendering as a package then delete it through Sitecore. Use update references option when deleting to point to the new rendering. Import old rendering back. Repeat on Staging and Production. Then when doing a Unicorn Sync on the next deployment some changes will already have gone across to Staging / Prod (updates to add reference to new rendering on standard values etc). But where the final renderings have been updated on content and reference this then doing this on Prod beforehand will update these too. Seem ok? Oct 17, 2016 at 19:48
• Mark - although I managed to figure out a better solution and didn't need to do this I did do a POC of this approach and it worked pretty well so I've marked this as the correct answer. Thanks for your help. Oct 19, 2016 at 22:43
2
If you have to replace everything, take the existing rendering and have it point to the new controller class. Then, create a new rendering using the old controller class and make that available to use in your placeholders.
1
• The problem with this is that It is the controller rendering item that is causing me problems (I suspect is is corrupted in some way). The controller code is perfectly fine as it works when I use it in a new controller rendering and I have matched all the settings up the same too and my new controller rendering works perfectly. I just need to replace all uses of it with my new one. Oct 17, 2016 at 19:34
1
You can call me crazy, but this is how I would solve this problem.
I implemented a solution for you.
Skip operations in Sitecore. If you need to sync all changes into unicorn eventually and update other environments then do your job there (on the disk not in the databse).
$OLD_RENDERING_ID = "DCEE78E1-1843-5456-A13A-F10A12191630"
$NEW_RENDERING_ID = "87182F78-4399-5896-8D59-9D6A45282F8A"
$SERIALIZATION_FOLDER = "c:\your\serialization\"
function Replace-Rendering($item){
Write-Host $item
$oldValue = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText($_.FullName)
$newValue = $oldValue -replace $OLD_RENDERING_ID,$NEW_RENDERING_ID
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllText($item.FullName, $newValue)
}
gci -Path $SERIALIZATION_FOLDER -r |
? { $_.Extension -eq ".yml" } |
? { [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText($_.FullName).Contains($OLD_RENDERING_ID) -eq $true } |
% { Replace-Rendering $_ }
Pros:
• You don't have to remove old rendering
• You don't need to care about missing item references in link database if you are using Sitecore relink solution
• You have got full control. You can see immediately what and where is changed before you change anything in database (dirty state is not in database)
Note:
My code is not bullet proof. It will probably change the ID on the old Rendering item as well, you can revert changes manually.
I wanted to keep solution as clean as possible thus I skipped unnecessary if/else.
5
• thanks for taking the time to write up a solution for this. This would be a great option if all my content were also in Unicorn. However unfortunately there are thousands of pages that are not in our local development environment or staging but are in production so I don't think this is going to work for us unless I'm missing something. Oct 17, 2016 at 19:33
• In the first sentence of your questions there is info about templates standard values only. You wrote about content later. Assuming that you are not changing rendering fields on content items (field values are taken from standard values) then my solution should work, otherwise not. I assume you do't have unicorn on prod. env? My second options would be PowerShell script for SPE, if this is also not installed on your instance then the last resort is to write c# script and run it from some aspx page, however there will be much more to do in terms of handling StandardValues, Renderings fields Oct 17, 2016 at 19:52
• Yes, sorry I did update my question later to include further information. We do do a unicorn sync to staging and to prod from dev. However we exclude everything below the /Content node. So I think this is going to be a lot more difficult than just using Unicorn unfortunately. Marks solution above might work for me or as you say SPE. I'm nervous about doing either of these though I've not used SPE much and this rendering is on every page in my solution and I need to ensure all instances of it are replaced. Performance/Timeouts during the update might be a problem too. Oct 17, 2016 at 19:59
• Then what do you think about making content freeze. Creating new config for unicorn (for content node) and then running my script on files and pulling serialized content back to Sitecore? Maybe there won't be that much to pull back if you are using Standard Values? So you can for example sync single items (you can create temporary git repository there to see what changed). I am not sure how unicorn syncing influence on performance, so you would need to check this on staging first. Perhaps this solution would make you more comfortable than using SPE. Oct 17, 2016 at 20:11
• Yeah thats not a bad shout. I might pull a backup of the DB down tomorrow and try that and see what I get synced. Oct 17, 2016 at 20:14
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fPanels Designer
fPanels is a way of providing end users with presentations of multiple sets of information in a format that they can control and tailor to their needs. The data shown is gathered using the fSeries data gathering tools that are also used for fDocs document generation. fPanels can also include external script or frames containing external web sites.
Data is gathered for fPanels using fSeries data set definitions (DSDs). A presentation of panels can include data from one primary DSD together with data from other linked DSDs. Management of DSDs is dealt with in the fData documentation. Before using fPanels the designer will need to be familiar with fSeries and DSDs.
The administrator can define the data to be included and also specify the default content and layout. Users can then view the panels and edit the content and layout by dragging and dropping panels, hiding those not required and even changing the fields displayed and the order in which they are shown.
fPanels is a web-based application, access is via a URL.
Management of fPanels falls into three areas:
1. Setting up the data definitions sets (DSDs).
2. Designing the specific layout and content to be presented to users.
3. User control of layout and content.
How It Works
fPanels is designed to display information on-screen, by gathering data using DSDs and presenting it in a number of panels in the form of tables. The content of each panel may be designed to suit the user’s needs.
A presentation may include data from more than one DSD and different panels may interact either by showing additional details on mouse roll-over of a row in one panel, or gathering more data when clicked on, for example, a row in a list. Each presentation has only one primary DSD but others may be accessed by, for example, clicking on a row of data in one panel to open data from another DSD.
From the fPanels launch screen, you can either open or start a new presentation.
image_pdfimage_print | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Orthodontic Treatment Is No Longer Just For Kids
Orthodontic-TreatmentFor so long now, orthodontic treatment has been associated with kids; even today, adults are not fully aware of the various orthodontic treatment options available for them. Understandably, the orthodontic treatment of yester years was almost crude and intrusive, to say the least. It was characterized by large metal braces that were fastened with wires. This was a turn off for many people, and made braces be a preserve of children who really couldn’t do without them.
Thank heavens, things have changed!
• Today, there are orthodontic clinics that are primarily serving adults. The orthodontic treatment options being offered have not just proven to be very effective with adults, they also augur so well with adults. Talk of almost invisible braces that adults can use to straighten their teeth and no one will easily notice!
• Invisible braces, unlike the traditional metal braces, are built to give adults a way out of intrusive treatment options.
• The cost of adult orthodontic treatment isn’t different from the traditional dentist fees. Thus more and more people are giving orthodontic treatment a shot; they have nothing to lose anyway.
• Today’s world has become a global village, ideas and news are being shared across the world each second. People who suffered all their lives with crooked teeth, bad smiles, have heard of the amazing results of adult orthodontics treatment.
• Orthodontists themselves are also stepping out to demystify the myth that orthodontic treatment is a preserve of kids alone. In major cities like London, you’ll find some of the UK’s known best orthodontist in the world, with large, modern orthodontic clinics, and a major chunk of their clients are actually adults.
Which adults need orthodontic treatment?
It is a sad thing that there are some adults who aren’t proud of their smiles, who have perfected the art of withholding a smile due to their dental arrangement. Others don’t even realize when they place their hands over their mouths o cover their teeth; they have done it since childhood till they no longer realize it. To such people, the simple use of orthodontic braces is a sure and effective way or straightening their teeth. Even as an adult with crowded teeth or spaced teeth, you can find help via orthodontic treatment.
What is the cost of adult orthodontic treatment?
The cost of adult orthodontic treatment will cost anywhere from $ 2,500and upwards, depending on various issues. You can however discuss with the orthodontist and settle for a price that’s fair.
See about Orthodontics Treatment on Google business
Losing Man Boobs with Liposuction
male-liposuctionHaving excessively big man boobs can be very embarrassing for a man. It makes a man lose self confidence. It is traditional that boobs are meant for women so when a man develops huge boobs, it becomes very awkward. Aside from the cosmetic point of view, it is a health hazard for a man to develop very big man-boobs.
• This is not a concern anymore though. Modern science has come up with a cosmetic treatment known as liposuction. This treatment has been known to treat this condition among many others. Scientific surveys have shown that the fat deposits found around the boob area are very stubborn and hard to get rid of. This is where liposuction comes in.
• The results of liposuction are evident even as soon as right after the completion of the procedure. When liposuction is carried out, it suctions all the fat with the help of small tubes that are inserted into the body. Once the fat has been drained, the skin is tightened up so as to leave no space for infections and more fat deposits.
• The procedure to lose man boobs using liposuction is very easy. If performed by a professional, one could go home immediately after the procedure to recuperate there. The procedure also doesn’t take a lot of time to be completed. Once the local anesthesia administered wears off, you can continue with life as usual of course with a little bit more rest.
• Experts in the liposuction in London field have declared the man boob removal procedure to be very safe. They say that seldom does anything go wrong. If well taken care of, infections are hard to contract.
Summary
Liposuction to remove man boobs is a very safe procedure. It also takes a very short time to heal. It is therefore a very economical procedure whichever way you look at it.
Conclusion
If you have been considering liposuction to lose your man boobs, wait no more. For more information on the procedure, log on to www.drpuneetgupta.co.uk . Enjoy a new lease of life.
Increase Your Memory Power
A good memory helps people to lead a productive lifestyle. In the workplace, for instance, one must be able remember about different records so that they can serve their clients well. Still, students need to have a good memory in order to pass in the exams. Fortunately, it is possible to increase the memory power so that an individual can achieve productivity in life. Here are some of the tips to guide you through:
• Eat Proper Meals
Certain foods such as fish, oatmeal, and vegetables can increase the memory capacity. Such foods have low glycemic index, which means that they will take longer for the body to break them down. Thus, they will increase an individual’s memory capacity. On the other hand, one must avoid certain foods and drinks such as alcohol and white bread.
• Complete Puzzles and Engage In Game Teasers
To improve your memory capacity, you can go online and find puzzles or games that engage your mind. Reading some books can also be helpful. Ultimately, engaging in such activities regular basis will not only help individuals to think independently and fast, but it will also make it easy for them to remember certain things.
• Rest and Meditate
Your body needs to rest after work or school. Actually, people are advised to take at least six hours of sleep every day. This way, the brain is able to function properly. It is also important for people to find quiet places where they can meditate on various issues of life.
Summary
Certainly, increasing the memory power is possible if an individual can eat certain foods, complete puzzles, play some games, read books, and take rest.
Conclusion
Improving an individual’s memory power is important for people who want to remain productive in their lives. Specially, students and employees should enhance their memory capacities on a regular basis. Seeking for professional’s advice and reading some materials from the online sources can help in this regard.
Frequently Asked Questions about Orthognathic Surgery
OrthodontistVery many people do not understand Orthognathic surgery. Whenever a doctor prescribes it, people are stumped. This is because they either have not heard of it before or don’t know much about it if they have. It is very frustrating to be prescribed to a strange medical procedure. Because of this however, there are very many questions that people frequently ask about it. Some of them include;
1. What is Orthognathic Surgery?
The normal kind of surgeries people know a lot about but Orthognathic surgery, they know little or nothing about. They wonder what exactly this procedure is. Well, Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure used to correct jaw abnormalities. and this is done by qualified Orthodontist.
1. Who performs it?
People also ask who performs the procedure. Many don’t believe that there can be a trained dental surgeon. There are indeed. These are well trained individuals that work tirelessly to restore your dental health. Not just any doctor can perform this procedure.
1. How safe is this surgery?
Another question frequently asked about when it comes to Orthognathic surgery, is the safety of the procedure. Before you undergo any surgical procedure, you need to know its safety and the collateral damage you are likely to incur as a result. Experts swear that this surgical procedure is safe and very foolproof. They insist that it does exactly what it is meant to do.
1. How much does it cost?
This is a very frequently asked question. People want to know how much they need to pay for such a procedure. Costs vary based on the condition being corrected. The margin is not that wide though. It is easily affordable too.
Summary
Orthognathic surgeries are cosmetic procedures mostly. There are therefore scores of questions that people ask about them. It is important to have all answers before undergoing any procedure such as Invisible Braces treatment
Conclusion
If you are feeling a strong need to undergo such a procedure, you could talk it out with some of the best orthodontists in the world. You can reach them through their website www.angelorthodontics.co.uk. What are you waiting for?
Why you need Hypnotherapy in 2015?
Why haven’t you given hypnotherapy a go? Now there’s an interesting thought. Many people have also had the very same idea.
Some of them went ahead and took action on that thought. Some never see it through the daydream stage. Sometimes it’s because they don’t know how to approach it. Other times it’s because there are many unknowns. Occasionally they forgo taking that approach because they feel they can’t actually get through the experience. Everyone has their own personal reaction to the thought of hypnotherapy.
What’s the truth about hypnotherapy? Can those negative concepts be right? Is there anything else to consider? Maybe one ought to have a different perspective. Let’s evaluate three points on you should think favourably about hypnotherapy, in order to determine if any of them fit here..
1. Hypnotherapy is rapid compared to other modalities. The chief follow-on of that relaxing will be less anxiety. This new state can act as a powerful aid to healing, removing strain from the body and mind. This outcome of hypnotherapy makes it possible positive feelings to flourish, which influence the neuron endocrine system to send out hormones which activate healing and create joyful feelings these actions cause the client to feel more elevated in their mood, creating a feedback loop to release hormones that accelerate healing.
Also influencing the rate of client improvement is because hypnotherapy loops around the critical mind. You know, the dialog that carries on “give up”, “no way”, “everybody else is better than you”, “you’re not good looking enough”, and many other self-destructive pronouncements you listen to continuously. This stuff is just like thick slop sticking to your feet, and seriously slows down the process of solving the issues.
1. Hypnotherapy works through the teamwork of the hypnotherapist and client, not through the use of chemical concoctions, with the possibility of side effects. Each client’s resolution derives from making the appropriate corrections to reach the desired outcome efficiently. Hypnotherapy acts through gentle corrections, like a sailboat in a soft breeze. It is not harsh or violent, like a clanging bell can be.
2. Hypnotherapist London is simply fun. Most people enjoy the experience of reclining back, relaxing, and chilling out. Isn’t that a delightful way to make powerful, thoroughly positive transformations! Don’t you want to try a stress relief mini-vacation? Although nothing performs all of the time for all of the people, but hypnotherapy has established a powerful track record as being effective in a wide range of, situations.
Hearing all that, how do you feel about hypnotherapy now? Isn’t that exposition powerful? What if you really thought about just how much hypnotherapy can help you? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The concept of schizophrenia has its origin in two Greek terms: schizo (“division”, “cleavage”) and phrenos (“mind”). Those who suffer from this disorder present, in short, a mind divided in two: a portion that is related to reality and another that interacts, to a greater or lesser degree, with an imaginary world.
SchizophreniaIt is often believed that the first manifestations of this disease They occur in early adolescence, but several cases of children with schizophrenia have come to light in recent years. The difficulty of diagnosis in young people is that the symptoms are often confused with those of the autism or, in mild cases, with a lack of school adaptation.
In 2009, Oprah Winfrey, a well-known American television presenter, broadcast a documentary about a 7-year-old girl, Jani Schofield, with an especially severe degree of schizophrenia. This creature claimed live with dozens of beingsespecially animals, which actively related to her, despite being invisible to other people. Each and every one of them had their own name and lived in a place called «Calalini», which was, in Jani’s words, in the limit between his world and the real one. As is often the case, some of these imaginary beings used to ask the girl to perform acts violent, like hurting other people or breaking things.
But to detect schizophrenia, it is not necessary to wait for such characteristic attitudes to emerge. When reviewing footage from when Jani was just months old, for example, you can see that the girl used to fix your eyes on a point where there seemed to be nothing. Furthermore, contrary to normal in a newborn baby, he slept for periods no longer than 30 minutes and a total of no more than 4 hours a day, against the expected 16 hours. Another interesting fact is that at 5 years old, she suddenly began to demand that she be called by another name, assuring that Jani was not the correct one.
SchizophreniaSchizophrenics tend to be delirious, have problems with conduct and emotional and thinking illogically. Contact with people who do not suffer from this disease is very difficult, since the influence of the imaginary world is very strong and impossible to ignore. The hallucinations, which involve a distortion of what is perceived, can be visual or sound, and patients tend to have fluid conversations and interact with them as if they were really present. The fear of potential attacks by relatives and the feeling of a plot against the person are very common and are the characters of the mind who warn them of these dangers.
It is possible to distinguish different types of schizophrenia, among which are:
* Paranoid schizophrenia: the most common, characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations. The sensation of persecution is frequent, distorting irrelevant situations to turn them into ridicule or acts of contempt on the part of close or unknown people.
* Disorganized schizophrenia: often people who cannot help themselves, present behaviors typical of regression and communicate incoherently, easily losing the thread of a conversation.
* catatonic schizophrenia: characterized by motor dysfunctions, poor sleep hours and hyperactivity. Acts of violence are frequent, as well as the adoption of strange poses for long periods, in which they often skip meals and lose bladder and bowel control.
Although the origins of schizophrenia have not yet been determined, it has been recognized that genes, social conditioning, stress and certain pathologies that develop during the pregnancy stage have an impact. However, there are as many contradictions as theories, which difficult both its detection and the appropriate choice of treatments.
Importantly, although schizophrenia is a chronic condition, it is absolutely possible to improve the quality of life of the patient. The psychotherapy and the supply of certain drugs they are part of the medical recommendations to treat schizophrenic symptoms and achieve the highest possible degree of social integration. It is essential to keep these people connected to reality through constant stimulation, which is very difficult, given the absorbing nature of the imaginary world and its manipulative characters. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thomas Gaffey
Thomas P. Gaffey (born January 10, 1958) is an American politician. Gaffey, a Democrat, had been a state senator from Connecticut since 1995, but left office due to criminal violations on January 5, 2011.
Gaffey, a resident of Meriden, has represented the towns of Cheshire, Meriden, Middlefield and Middletown in the Connecticut Senate.
Gaffey was born in Meriden and graduated from Southern Connecticut State University. He was appointed in the fall of 2005 to serve as Chief Deputy Majority Leader by Senate Majority Leader Martin Looney and Senate President Pro Tempore Donald E. Williams Jr., and previously served in the position.
Gaffey also serves as an executive with the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority. In 2002, he was linked to meetings with failed energy firm Enron. He was also cited that year for spending over $10,000 in personal expenses on his authority expense account, and failing to make timely reimbursement, but later issued a CRRA check for more than $1,600 to repay amounts reimbursed in excess.
In January 2009 the Hartford Courant announced state auditors were looking into other instances of improper reimbursement by Gaffey, including double billing of out of state travel to both the state government and his political action committee. On January 18, the Courant urged the State Senate to censure Gaffey for his ethical improprieties.
On May 6, 2009, the State Election Enforcement Commission announced that Gaffey and his campaign treasurer had agreed to a settlement over the double billing complaint. In one of the largest fines levied by the Commission, Gaffey agreed to a $6,000 fine and his treasurer agreed to a $3,000 fine. Gaffey also agreed to dissolve his political action committee and forfeit its $20,000 balance to the state. The commission's enforcement director called Gaffey's record keeping "disastrous". The charges later led to a criminal investigation and Gaffey's resignation.
In 2006 Gaffey supported legislation spearheaded by fellow Democrat Donald Williams intended to address childhood obesity in Connecticut. The legislation was however derided by opponents as the "cupcake bill." As of August 2008, more than 63% of eligibile school districts have enrolled in the program.
In March 2008 New Haven schools enforced this policy by suspending an eighth grader for selling a classmate skittles. In May 2008, a principal in Greenwich was suspended in a dispute over bringing cupcakes to school.
In 2007 Gaffey proposed that the Governor's power to appoint the Commissioner of Education be limited. Allies of Governor Jodi Rell labelled the proposal an attempted power grab. That year Gaffey also opposed efforts to increase education aid to suburban school districts, even those represented by fellow Democrats, in favor of adding more funds to urban districts. His response to complaints from suburban legislators was "Like everything else in those districts, that is rich!" Gaffey has also clashed with leaders of his local school board over the installation of artificial turf.
In November 2007 Gaffey suggested that the state had to impose a more stringent school integration plan on suburbs in the Hartford region. "The notion that we're going to get a better result by voluntary programs is ridiculous," said state Sen. Thomas Gaffey, D-Meriden, co-chairman of the legislature's education committee. "We need to shift away from the model of remedy that the state has been pursuing for years. The district is as racially isolated today as it was 10 years ago. It suggests you need to do something different."
Another Gaffey initiative was a bill that banned most out-of-school suspensions. Educators were unsure how they could comply with the law.
In 2008 Gaffey did break with party leadership to support a Three Strikes Law to give life sentences to career violent criminals supported by Governor M. Jodi Rell.
Thomas P. Gaffey was the father of three children. His son, Thomas M. Gaffey died on February 2, 2009, at the age of 16. In 2005 the Connecticut Appellate Court denied the Senator's ex-wife's request for increased child support.
CSU bonding scandal
On December 2, 2007, Hartford Courant columnist Kevin Rennie detailed Gaffey's efforts on behalf of a billion dollar bonding proposal from the Connecticut State University system; which he promoted while being romantically involved with the university administrator lobbying for the proposal. Much of Rennie's story detailed personal communication between Gaffey and his girlfriend over state e-mail accounts. On December 3, 2007, Senate Minority Leader John McKinney and Republican State Chairman Chris Healy demanded an investigation into whether Gaffey's conduct violated state ethics rules. The Democratic senate caucus was split on the need to investigate, with Fairfield County Democrats Andrew McDonald and Bob Duff suggesting an investigation was needed, while Senate President Donald E. Williams Jr. flatly rejected the idea. On December 7, the Hartford Courant's editorial page called on Gaffey to be censured for his role in this affair, despite a letter from the Office of State Ethics refuting all conflict of interest allegations.
Both Gaffey and Rennie had stories in the December 9, 2007, Courant. Gaffey said there had been nothing improper in his relationship with the university lobbyist, citing his record of support for state colleges. Rennie's article alleged self-dealing by Gaffey, including getting Final Four basketball tickets from the university at a low price and using his political action committee to pay personal expenses.
On December 11, Democratic senators proposed ethics reforms for the legislature. They denied it was done in response to the Gaffey scandal. On December 14, Gaffey asked Williams to be reassigned off the committee responsible for oversight of CSU. One Democratic senator, Edith Prague, defended Gaffey, asserting "He didn't steal anything".
Republican Tim Lenox is challenging Gaffey in the November 2008 election but was defeated by Gaffey. Following the election, Gaffey's ally, Senate President Donald E. Williams Jr., removed Senator Joan Hartley from chairmanship of the Higher Education Committee, a move viewed as retaliation for opposing Gaffey's bonding proposals.
Conviction and resignation
In June 2009 the State Election Enforcement Commission fined Gaffey for a double billing scandal involving his political action committee, the GAFPAC. Gaffey ran for re-election in 2010 and despite the scandal, defeated Republican Len Suzio.
After the election the State's Attorney's office continued its investigation into whether Gaffey violated criminal statutes. On January 3, 2011 Gaffey was arrested for larceny. He resolved the criminal charges by agreeing to plead guilty to a misdemeanor, with no jail time, resign his state senate seat effective January 5, 2011, and serve 100 hours of community service. On January 5, 2011 Gaffey submitted his resignation to Secretary of the State Susan Bysiewicz and submitted his plea to Superior Court Judge Julia Dewey, who accepted the plea agreement. | WIKI |
2016 ITF Women's Circuit UBS Thurgau
The 2016 ITF Women's Circuit UBS Thurgau was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland, on 22–28 February 2016.
Seeds
* 1 Rankings as of 15 February 2016.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* 🇱🇮 Kathinka von Deichmann
* Xenia Knoll
* Rebeka Masarova
* Nina Stadler
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* 🇮🇹 Gioia Barbieri
* 🇮🇹 Cristiana Ferrando
* 🇸🇰 Rebecca Šramková
* 🇩🇪 Anna Zaja
The following player received entry by a protected ranking:
* 🇫🇷 Claire Feuerstein
The following player received entry by a junior exempt:
* 🇭🇺 Dalma Gálfi
Singles
* 🇨🇿 Kristýna Plíšková def. Amra Sadiković, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–3)
Doubles
* 🇩🇪 Antonia Lottner / Amra Sadiković def. Tena Lukas / 🇺🇸 Bernarda Pera, 5–7, 6–2, [10–5] | WIKI |
Page:Acharnians and two other plays (1909).djvu/33
Rh Daughter. Give me the cruet, mother,
And let me pour it upon the holy cake. Dic. Oh, blessed Bacchus, what a joy it is
To go thus unmolested, undisturbed,
My wife, my children, and my family,
With our accustomed joyful ceremony,
To celebrate thy festival in my farm.
Well, here's success to the truce of thirty years. Wife. Mind your behaviour, child; carry the basket
In a modest proper manner; look demure
And grave; a happy fellow will he be
That has the rummaging of ye. Come, move on.
Mind your gold trinkets, they'll be stolen else. Dic. Follow behind there, Xanthias, with the pole,
And I'll strike up the bacchanalian chaunt.
Wife, you must be spectator; go within,
And mount to the housetop to behold us pass. [Sings.
Leader of the revel rout,
Of the drunken roar and shout,
Crazy mirth and saucy jesting,
Frolic and intrigue clandestine!
Half a dozen years are passed,
Here we meet in peace at last.
All my wars and fights are o'er;
Other battles please me more,
With my neighbour's maid, the Thracian,
Found marauding in the wood;
Seizing on the fair occasion,
With a quick retaliation
Making an immediate booty
Of her innocence and beauty.
If a drunken head should ache,
Bones and heads we never break.
If we quarrel overnight;
At a full carousing soak,
In the morning all is right;
And the shield hung out of sight
In the chimney smoke. Chorus. That's the man. Mind your aim; | WIKI |
User:Generalkickbutt/Generalkickbutt
About
Generalkickbutt is a popular character in the game Minecraft. He was born on the 7th dark moon in the lands of Deran | WIKI |
Create a Streaming API from an AsyncAPI Definition
AsyncAPI specification is a format that describes streaming APIs. An API Creator can import an existing AsyncAPI definition to WSO2 API Manager to create a streaming API using any one of the following protocols.
The API Creator can import the existing AsyncAPI definition by either uploading a file or by providing an Async API URL.
Follow the instructions below to create a Streaming API using an AsyncAPI definition for an existing API:
Step 1 - Design a Streaming API
1. Sign in to the Publisher.
https://<hostname>:9443/publisher
For testing purposes, you can use https://localhost:9443/publisher and admin as the username and password.
2. Click CREATE API and then click Import AsyncAPI Definition.
Note
The CREATE API button will only appear if the user who has signed in has the creator role permission.
Design New Streaming API
The following two options to import the AsynAPI definition appears.
• AsyncAPI URL - If you select this option, you need to provide a URL.
• AsyncAPI File - If you select this option, click Browse File to Upload and upload a file, which contains an AsyncAPI definition.
3. Select the way in which you are going to import the AsynAPI definition, and click Next.
For this example, let's select AsyncAPI URL, provide the following URL, and click Next.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/asyncapi/asyncapi/master/examples/2.0.0/streetlights.yml
Import Websocket Streaming API from AsyncAPI URL
4. Edit the Streaming API information and click Create.
Note
The AsynAPI definition of the Streaming API will contain the basic API definition, and will not specify the protocol, such as WebSocket, WebSub, WebHook, SSE, that the API has to use. You need to provide the Streaming API information here.
For this example, let's design a WebSocket API using the following information.
Field Sample value
Name StreetlightsAPI
Context /streetlights
Version 1.0.0
Protocol WebSocket (or any other type of Streaming API)
Endpoint ws://localhost:8080
AsyncAPI configuration values
Now, the StreetlightsAPI API overview page will appear.
AsyncAPI overview
Step 2 - Configure Topics
Click Topics to navigate to the topics page.
AsyncAPI topics
You will notice that the topics have been created automatically from the AsyncAPI definition specified in the provided URL.
Step 3 - View the AsyncAPI Definition
Click AsyncAPI Definition under API Configurations.
The AsyncAPI definition of the streaming API, which you just created, appears.
WebSocket API AsyncAPI Definition
Now, you have successfully created a Streaming API from an Async API Definition.
Next, publish the API, for more information, see Publish an API.
What's Next?
Learn how to create Streaming APIs from scratch by trying out the following tutorials:
See Also
Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Alumni Oxonienses (1500-1714) volume 2.djvu/377
Hyde, John, of Surrey, gent. , matric. 23 June, 1621, aged 16; demy. 1622-33; B.A. 26 June, 1624, M.A. 17 April, 1627, usher of the college school 1632-48, terminal preacher at the college curacy of Horspath. See Bloxam, v. 108.
Hyde, John, "ser." ., matric. 15 June, 1657, B.A. 1661; M.A. from ., Cambridge, 1668.
Hyde, John, s. J., of Salford, near Manchester, co. Lancaster, cler. ., matric. 28 March, 1688, aged 17; B.A. 1691, M.A. 1694, B.D. 1705; perhaps vicar of Bowden, Cheshire, 1691-1708, rector of Didcot, Berks, 1709-10, and vicar of Steeple Barton, Oxon, 1722-9. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Hyde, John, s. Humphrey, of Sparsholt, Berks, arm. ., matric. 23 July, 1689, aged 15.
Hyde, John, s. John, of Sundridge, Kent, gent. ., matric. 11 Oct., 1708, aged 17; student of Middle Temple 1710. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg. [],
Hyde, John, s. Frederick, of London, gent. ., matric. 31 March, 1710, aged 14.
Hyde, John, s. Newman, of Stockport, Cheshire, pleb. ., matric. 31 March, 1710, aged 19; B.A. 1713.
Hyde, (Sir) Laurence, of Wilts. , matric. entry under date circa 1579, aged 17 (as gen.), B.A. 9 March, 1579-80; of Heale, near Salisbury, bar.-at-law, Middle Temple, 1589, treasurer 1616 (as 2nd son of Laurence, of West Hatch, Wilts), M.P. Heytesbury 1584-5, 1597-8, Chippenham 1586-7, Marlborough 1601, 1604-11, knighted 27 Nov., 1614, attorney to Anne, queen of James I.; died 26 Jan., 1641; brother of Nicholas 1590, and of Henry 1579; father of Alexander 1615, Edward 1625, Laurence and Robert 1610, William 1613, Thomas 1627, Francis 1616, and James 1632. See Foster's Judges and Barristers; Fasti, i. 212; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Hyde, (Sir) Laurence, of Wilts. , matric. 9 March, 1609-10, aged 15 (as arm.), B.A. 19 July, 1612; of Heale, near Salisbury, student of Middle Temple 1608 (son of Sir Laurence), M.P. Hindon 1624-5, and 1628-9; buried 3 Dec., 1643; brother of Alexander, etc. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Hyde, Laurence (s. Edward, after Earl of Clarendon), M.A. by diploma 4 Feb., 1660-1, created D.C.L. 7 Oct., 1700; high steward of the university 1709-11, Earl of Rochester, so created 29 Nov., 1682, student of Middle Temple 1660, M.P. Newport, Cornwall, Aug.-Dec., 1660, Oxford university 1661-78, and Wootton Bassett 1678-81, lord president of the council 1684-5 and 1710, lord lieutenant of Ireland 1684, and 1700-3, lord high treasurer 1685-7, recorder of Salisbury 1685, K.G. 1685, postmaster-general 1685, etc.; died 2 May, 1711, aged 69; brother of Edward 1660, Laurence 1661, and James 1675; father of Henry 1700. See Fasti, ii. 229; Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary; & D.N.B. [],
Hyde, Laurence, s. James, of Oxford, "med. pris. regii. def." , matric. 16 Dec., 1681, aged 14; B.A. 1685, M.A. 23 Feb., 1687-8; fellow ., B.D. 23 March, 1699-1700, D.D. 1707; admon. at Oxford 9 Nov., 1715; brother of Robert 1677.
Hyde, Laurence, s. Arthur, of Catherington, Hants, arm. ., matric. 17 July, 1714, aged 19; B.A. 1718, M.A. 15 Jan., 1721-2, student of Middle Temple 1715. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Hyde, Laurence, doctoris fil. ., matric. 18 March, 1657-8. See Edward same date.
Hyde, Leonard, of ; B.A. 7 Feb., 1570-1; one of these names knighted 23 July, 1603; his will proved 2 June, 1624. See also Thomas 1591; & Clutterbuck's Herts, iii. 579.
Hyde, Michael, s. Thomas, of London, gent. ., matric. 16 April, 1641, aged 16; B.A. 25 Nov., 1644. [],
Hyde, Nicholas, of London. ., matric. entry under date 3 Aug., 1578, aged 17 (as gen.); possibly Sir Nicholas Hyde (s. Robert), of Albury, Herts, sheriff 1619, created a baronet 8 Nov., 1621.
Hyde, (Sir) Nicholas (Huyde), of Wilts. ., matric. 28 May, 1590, aged 18 (as arm.); bar-at-law., Middle Temple, 1598, treasurer 1626 (y.s. Laurence, of West Hatch, Wilts), recorder of Bristol, M.P. Andover 1601, Christchurch 1604-11, Bath 1614, Bristol 1626, serjeant-at-law 21, and knighted 28 Jan., 1626-7, chief justice king's bench 5 Feb., 1626-7, until his death 25 Aug., 1631; brother of Laurence 1579, and of Henry 1579. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary & D.N.B.
Hyde, Nicholas, of Wilts, arm. fil. nat. max. ., matric. 23 April, 1619, aged 16; student of Middle Temple 1619, as son and heir of Nicholas, of Marlborough, Wilts. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Hyde, Peter de la, B.A. 1527. See page 392.
Hyde, Randle, B.A. from ., Cambridge, 1617-8, M.A. 1621, incorporated 2 April, 1622, rector of Billingsley, Salop, 1624, and of Sidbury 1631; father of Thomas 1654. See Foster's Index Eccl. [],
Hyde, Richard, secular chaplain, B.A. sup. 5 Nov., 1516, M.A. 21 May, 1520.
Hyde, Richard, of Dorset, arm. ., matric. 8 March, 1615-16, aged 16; B.A. 23 Oct., 1619, M.A. 26 June, 1622, D.D. from 1660, rector of Wootton Fitzpaine 1635, and of Tarrant Rawston, Dorset, 1639, chaplain in the king's army, rector of Barford St. Martin, Wilts, 1645, canon of Sarum 1660, and subdean 1661, canon of Winchester 1662, and rector of Stoke Bishop, Hants, 1662-6. See Fasti, ii. 240; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Hyde, Richard, s. Edw., of Norbury, Cheshire, arm. , matric. 20 May, 1664, aged 18; student of Middle Temple 1665; brother of Robert 1659. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Hyde, Richard, s. John, of London, gent. ., matric. 14 Jan., 1686-7, aged 16; B.A. 1690, M.A. 1695.
Hyde, Robert, of co. Lancaster, gent. ., matric. 16 Feb., 1581-2, aged 16; B.A. 2 July, 1588. [],
Hyde, Robert, of Cheshire, gen, matric. 31 Oct., 1583, aged 15. See Hamnet 1578-9.
Hyde, (Sir) Robert, of Berks, arm. fil. , matric. 9 March, 1609-10, aged 15; perhaps of Charleton, Berks, pensioner to James I., knighted 23 July, 1613 (and brother of Sir George 1586), M.P. Abingdon 1621-2, Wootton Bassett 1625, and Cricklade 1626. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary.
Hyde, (Sir) Robert, of Wilts. , matric. 9 March, 1609-10, aged 14 (as arm.); bar.-atlaw, Middle Temple, 1617, bencher 1630 (as 2nd son of Laurence), serjeant-at-law 1640, justice common pleas 31 May, 1660, knighted 2 June, 1660, and chief justice king's bench 19 Oct., 1663, recorder of Salisbury and M.P. April-May, 1640, 1640 (l.p.), till disabled 4 Aug., 1642; died 1 May, 1665; brother of Alexander, etc. See Foster's Judges and Barristers & D.N.B.
Hyde, Robert, s. Robert, of Hatch, Wilts, gent. , matric. 7 Dec., 1638, aged 18. [ 804 ] | WIKI |
Cicognani
Cicognani is an Italian surname that may refer to
* Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (1883–1973), Italian cardinal
* Gaetano Cicognani (1881–1962), Italian cardinal, brother of Amleto
* Miranda Cicognani (born 1936), Italian gymnast
* Rosella Cicognani (born 1939), Italian gymnast, sister of Miranda | WIKI |
Krzysztof Kretkowski
Krzysztof Kretkowski (born August 5, 1977 in Inowrocław) is a Polish footballer (striker) playing currently for Wisła Płock. He joined this club in the winter-break 2006/2007 season from Unia Janikowo. It was said he was one of the best strikers in Polish II Liga, when he played for Unia Janikowo.
Clubs
* 1998 - Goplania Inowrocław
* 1999 - Elana Toruń
* 1999 -2005 Goplania Inowrocław
* 2005 - Zdrój Ciechocinek
* 2006 - Unia Janikowo
* 2007–present Wisła Płock | WIKI |
What Can Smoking Do to Your Oral Health?
What Can Smoking Do to Your Oral Health?
In this article, we will discuss the various effects of cigarette smoking to our health.
Cigarette smoking can pose harmful effects on every part of our body. Oral cavity is no exception. Oral health is very vulnerable when it comes to tobacco use. The teeth of the smokers can easily be distinguished because of the noticeable harmful effects of smoking cigarettes. However, aside from getting the teeth stained, there are other oral dangers that smoking can introduce.
1. Gum Disease. Tobacco greatly increases the susceptibility to gum disease. In addition, gum diseases tend to spread out in the mouth a lot faster in individuals who smoke. Tobacco smoking disturbs the blood flow in the gums and this in turn decreases the ability of the body to withstand effects of oral plaques. Untreated periodontal disease is relentless. It weakens and causes permanent changes in the gums as well as bone tissues that cover the teeth. People who smoke are more at risk to this form of damage. The destruction of periodontal tissues may also progress a lot faster in smokers and the results of the gum treatments are typically not as good in contrast to non-smokers. Gum deterioration could lead to tooth mobility and worse, loss of teeth.
2. Dental stains. Cigarette smoking will cause brown or black stains on the surfaces of the teeth. In addition, the teeth of the smokers will turn yellowish as time goes on. Fillings, false teeth, and caps can even be stained. This is certainly truer if the smokers have poor oral hygiene.
3. Oral cancer. Cigarette smoke gives off a wide range of harmful chemical substances in the mouth. These chemicals could cause the development of oral cancer. Medical specialists have found out that individuals who smoke are more at risk of developing oral cancer in contrast to people who have not smoked in their entire lives. Cigarette smoking together with alcohol abuse will upsurge the chances of getting oral cancers even more.
4. Halitosis. Halitosis is the medical term for bad breath. Cigarette causes a type of bad breath that is due to external fumes from the smoke plus those fumes emanating from internal changes in the mouth chemistry caused by the smoke. Regardless, smoking fouls up the breath in a hurry.
5. Black hairy tongue. This is a condition whereby the surface of tongue becomes covered with hairy projections that are often colored black. This happens because the normal peeling of cells in the surface of the mouth becomes slow. Because of this, some cells tend to become longer and cause a hair-like appearance on the tongue’s surface. Smoking is associated with prevalence of this condition.
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Call us at 519-659-2767 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mauro Ortíz
Mauro Adrián Ortíz Gómez (born August 7, 1972) is a Mexican football manager and former player. | WIKI |
User:Empirecoins/sandbox2
Fifa world cup 2018 European teams ethnicity's
The following is lists of all the national football team European squads during the 2018 FIFA World Cup by there ethnicity.
Full foreign ethnicity Partial foreign ethnicity Foreign birthplace
Croatia
'''Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina doesn't really have it's own ethnic background, and many people from the nation are ethnically Croatian or Serbian. So if someone's family comes from the region and it does not state that the families a Bosnian Croat, it will simply be classified as unknown Croatian ethnicity and the player will be marked as gray.'''
France
In the France squad, 15/23 players have no known French ethnicity, and 2/23 players have no known foreign ethnicity.
Portugal
In the Portugal squad, 6/23 players have no known Portuguese ethnicity, and 12/23 players have no known foreign ethnicity.
Russia
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Player !! Known Foreign ethnicity !! data-sort-type="number"|🇷🇺 Russian ethnicty !! Birthplace !! Information
* Igor Akinfeev
* 100%||Vidnoye, Soviet Union||No known foreign heritage.
* Aleksandr Golovin
* 100%||Kaltan, Russia||No known foreign heritage.
* Aleksandr Kokorin
* 100%||Valuyki, Soviet Union||No known foreign heritage.
* style="background:LightGray"|Aleksandr Samedov
* 🇦🇿 Azerbaijani
* 50%||Moscow, Soviet Union||Father is Azerbaijani, mother is Russian.
* Aleksei Berezutski
* 100%||Moscow, Soviet Union||No known foreign heritage.
* style="background:LightGray"|Artem Dzyuba
* 🇺🇦 Ukrainian
* 50%||Moscow, Soviet Union||Father is Ukrainian, mother is Russian.
* 🇦🇿 Azerbaijani
* 50%||Moscow, Soviet Union||Father is Azerbaijani, mother is Russian.
* Aleksei Berezutski
* 100%||Moscow, Soviet Union||No known foreign heritage.
* style="background:LightGray"|Artem Dzyuba
* 🇺🇦 Ukrainian
* 50%||Moscow, Soviet Union||Father is Ukrainian, mother is Russian.
* style="background:LightGray"|Artem Dzyuba
* 🇺🇦 Ukrainian
* 50%||Moscow, Soviet Union||Father is Ukrainian, mother is Russian. | WIKI |
Saskatchewan Highway 13
Highway 13 is a highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Alberta border (continuing westward as Alberta Highway 501) until it transitions into Highway 2 at the Manitoba border near Antler. Highway 13 is about 676 km (420 mi.) long. Highway 13 passes through Shaunavon, Assiniboia, Weyburn, Redvers and Carlyle. It is also referred to as the Red Coat Trail, as much of its length follows the route of the original historic path. A majority of the route between Wauchope and Govenlock going through the Palliser's Triangle is also referred to as the Ghost Town Trail.
Travel route
Travel east through the province of Saskatchewan on the Red Coat Trail is continuous on Highway 13 which is a secondary paved undivided highway until Weyburn. Highway 13 crosses Lodge Creek and Middle Creek, then passes the junction with Highway 21 south followed by Highway 615 north. The highway volume beginning in Saskatchewan along the highway about 45 vehicles per day (vpd) on a class 4 gravel highway. Highway 615 provides access north to Fort Walsh National Historic Park and the highest point of land in Saskatchewan. Consul is a small village located in the Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51 in the extreme south-west of Saskatchewan, along the highway. It is at the Consul intersection of highways that Highway 13 changes to a thin membrane surface undivided highway where the traffic volume increases to about 80 vpd. Vidora is located at a small jog in the road following the crossing of Battle Creek.
Travel continues north-east until the junction with Highway 21 which provides access to Cypress Hills Provincial Park and Maple Creek. The highway continues east after this intersection on a class 3 granular pavement highway and traffic here increases to an annual average daily traffic (AADT) of 270 vpd. At the junction of Highway 18 south is the small hamlet of Robsart, to the east of this intersection, the AADT declines to about 160 vpd. There is a junction with Highway 18 before the highway turns north again to arrive at the intersection of Highway 614 and the town of Eastend, which has the nickname Dino Country where a Tyrannosauraus rex was discovered spawning the T Rex Discovery Centre. A number of ancient fauna palaeontological dig sites exist in southern Saskatchewan.
This area of Highway 13 receives an increase of traffic wherein about 300 vpd travel Highway 13 east of Eastend and over 650 vpd east of town resulting in an upgrade to asphalt concrete road construction. Highway 13 travels past the intersection with Sk Hwy 633 north before arriving at the access road to the village of Dollard. The town of Shaunavon is located at the beginning of the concurrency with Sk Hwy 37 and the intersection of secondary highway Sk Hwy 722.
The traffic volume entering Shaunavon is about 600 vpd, and the AADT increases to over 1,000 vpd heading north on the Highway 37 and Highway 13 concurrency. Sk Hwy 37 provides access to the town of Gull Lake and in 9.4 km, the highway turns east on a thin membrane surface class 2 highway bearing between 150 and 250 vpd. Highway 631 is the next intersection providing access to the hamlet of Scotsguard, and the next junction is with Highway 629 north. There is a short concurrency with Sk Hwy 629, before it leaves the highway in a southerly direction providing access to the small hamlet of Admiral. The village of Cadillac is located at the intersection with Highway 4. Highway 13 is upgraded to a class 5 granular pavement as traffic can reach a high of 530 vpd east of this intersection.
Continuing east along the highway is the intersection with Highway 629 which provides access north to the town of Ponteix. Both the Notukeu Regional Park and Mo are within town, where Mo is a statue of a 70- to 75-million-year-old Plesiosaur (Elasmosaurus) found near Ponteix. Besides palaeontological dig sites, there are also archaeological sites where the pre-historic Napao and Niska Indian sites have been excavated between Cadillac and Ponteix. The Notukeu Heritage Museum Inc. preserves the history of both palaeontological and archaeological artifacts. The Notukeu Wildlife federation has preserved wildlife in the area of the Notukeu Creek and for this purpose has procured land along the Gouverneur Dam and restocks fish and runs a Pheasant farm to re-stock the pheasant population.
After leaving Ponteix, the next junction is with Highway 612 and west of this intersection is the village of Aneroid home to Indianola one room sod schoolhouse built in 1911. Hazenmore is next along the route before the junction with Highway 19 south and the beginning of the 1.5 mi concurrency between Highway 13 and Highway 19. At the village of Kincaid, Highway 19 continues north leaving the concurrency. The hamlet of Meyronne if at the junction with Highway 611 south followed by the hamlet of Woodrow. To the north-west is Thomson Lake which is a man-made lake used for recreational and reservoir purposes becoming the first regional park of Saskatchewan. Lafleche at the junction with Highway 58, and east of this junction the AADT increases to over 600 vpd. The Louis Pierre Gravel National Historic Marker commemorates history at the north end of Highway 58, and the Cripple Creek Provincial Historic Marker is located at the junction with Highway 13.
The terrain of the Missouri Coteau features low hummocky, undulating, rolling hills, potholes, and grasslands. This physiographic region of Saskatchewan is the uplands Missouri Coteau, a part of the Great Plains Province or Alberta Plateau Region which extends across the south-east corner of the province of Saskatchewan. The village of Limerick is located at the intersection with Highway 358 followed by the junction of Highway 2 and Highway 717 which come together at the town of Assinibioia.
Just to the west of Assiniboia the traffic volume increases to about 1,000 vpd and to the east of town, the volume decreases to about 800 vpd and the majority of the highway is class 3 granular pavement. Verwood at the north end of the Willow Bunch Lake is located on the concurrency between the highway and Highway 36. The intersection with Highway 624 is followed by the intersection where Highway south and Highway 334 north meet the highway. Ogema is located at the junction with Highway 623 north. Amulet and Pangman are on either side of the intersection of Highway 622. Highway 6 is crossed next followed by the hamlet of Khedive. The junction with Highway 28 south which is next followed by Trossachs. The intersection with Highway 621 north is passed before arriving at the city of Weyburn. Highway 619 north is before the intersection of Highway 606 where the hamlet of Griffin is located. The hamlet of Froude is next on the highway before the town of Stoughton at the crossroads of Highway 47 and Highway 33. Forget is along the highway, followed by a crossing over Moose Mountain Creek, a tributary of the Souris River then Kisbey]] on Highway 605 and Arcola at the Highway 604 intersection. The town of Carlyle is at the intersection with Highway 9, which provides access north to Moose Mountain Provincial Park and Cannington Manor Provincial Historic Park. Before the Manitoba border are Manor on Highway 603, Antler River, Wauchope on Highway 601, Redvers on Highway 9, Gainsborough Creek and finally Antler on Highway 600.
Red Coat Trail
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy and RCMP Heritage Centre are both located in the capital city of Regina. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy is a training facility for Red Coats or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers, while the RCMP Heritage Centre is a museum relates history and memorabilia of the RCMP. Fort Walsh was home to the North-West Mounted Police in the 19th century. Located in south-western Saskatchewan, it oversaw activities in the Big Muddy Badlands north of the Canada–United States border. Sitting Bull, James Walsh, Big Bear, James Macleod, Sam Steele, Dutch Henry, Jones-Nelson gang, Sam Kelly, Chief Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, John A. Macdonald, and George Armstrong Custer are some names of historic legend in this area.
Major intersections
From west to east: | WIKI |
Edgar Bronfman
Edgar Bronfman may refer to:
* Edgar Bronfman Sr. (1929–2013), Canadian businessman and long-time president of the World Jewish Congress
* Edgar Bronfman Jr. (born 1955), American businessman and CEO of the Warner Music Group | WIKI |
Are there sailboats without engines?
Wind Powered Sailboats There are many world cruising sailboats that do not have a motor. The crew of these vessels have the skill and confidence necessary to maneuver their boat within anchorages and marinas.
What is it called when a ship has no wind?
The “doldrums” refers to the belt around the Earth near the equator. Because there is often little surface wind for ships’ sails to use in this geographic location, sailing ships got stuck on its windless waters. Over time, people equated the calmness of the doldrums with being listless or depressed.
How did ships sail with no wind?
If your sailboat has motor propellers, then it will be pretty much easy to propel your sailboat even when there are no winds. The propeller works by literally using a portion of the forward energy to propel the sailboat forward while directing the same energy back to the propeller to blow backward.
What happens if a ship loses its rudder?
– If you lose your rudder, it is likely that you either hit a submerged object or that the conditions were severe. Remember that you have time. Relax, storms don’t usually last more than a couple of days. Deploy your drogue or sea anchor and get some rest.
What is a sailboat engine called?
An outboard engine, also known as an outboard motor, is a unit containing the engine, gearbox and propeller. This part — you guessed it — is mounted to the back of the boat and hangs outside the hull. An outboard engine is used to power and steer the boat.
How fast is a sailboat with a motor?
Sailboats will never compete with the speed of the dual engines of a powerboat. Most sailboats tap out at 7 knots, but power boats typically travel at speeds of around 15 to 20 knots on a calm day. Space.
How did old ships move?
Between 1000 BC and 400 AD, the Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans developed ships that were powered by square sails, sometimes with oars to supplement their capabilities. Such vessels used a steering oar as a rudder to control direction. Fore-and-aft sails started appearing on sailing vessels in the Mediterranean ca.
How does a pirate ship move?
By changing the angle of the sail to the ship – rotating sail around the mast – they could harness the power of the suction to move the ship at right angles to the wind. If the wind is blowing from the north, a ship can sail due east or due west with no trouble.
Do sailboats have rudders?
Sailboats steer by means of the rudder, a vertical, blade-like appendage mounted either on the transom (the flat surface of the stern) or under the boat.
Can you steer a sailboat without a rudder?
Yes, it’s possible to sail without a rudder, a part of your boat that helps you steer. To manage turns, you need to rely more on the heel and sail trim of your sailboat as well as the boat’s weight. You also want to work with the wind, as it can keep you moving in the right direction. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
9/11 Suspect May Have Been With Plotters Abroad in 1999
American officials say Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, Kuwaiti extremist identified as major figure in September 11 terrorist attacks, may have been in Germany in 1999 at about same time as some of hijackers; say he may be relative of Ramzi Amhed Yousef, leader of group that bombed World Trade Center in 1993, and appears to provide link between first attack and destruction in September; intelligence and law enforcement officials say he has emerged in recent months as more significant figure in Al Qaeda's planning for attacks than previously believed; Mohammed is under indictment in US for involvement in unsuccessful 1995 plot to blow up as many as 12 planes operated by American airlines over Pacific (M) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
impregnable fiend impregnable fiend - 1 year ago 54
AngularJS Question
How to automatize uploading files process in AngularJS?
I'm just learning so forgive me if my question is transparent. Now I've got in controller:
$scope.fileUrl = 'test/data_1.zip';
$scope.fileName = 'myData';
In html:
<a href="{{fileUrl}}" download="{{fileName}}"> Download version 1 </a>
So, maybe tomorrow I'll add in folder test file data_2.zip... and then over and over again. Hence I will be forced to write almost the same line in the html & controller many times... How can I automatize that process? I hope what I have requested is possible, any help will be appreciated :)
Answer
you can store all your files in an array and iterate overthem with ng-repeat:
$scope.files = [{
url: 'test/data_1.zip',
name: 'myData'
}, {
url: 'test/data_2.zip',
name: 'myData2'
}, ... ];
in your html you write:
<a href="{{file.url}}" download="{{file.name}}" ng-repeat="file in files"> Download version 1 </a> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Third International After Lenin/Book One: Part 2
The Theoretical Tradition of The Party
The draft program, in the foregoing quotation, deliberately uses the expression “victory of socialism in one country” so as to secure an external and purely verbal similarity between its text and Lenin’s article of 1915, which has been misused so ruthlessly, not to say criminally, during the discussion on the question of building a socialist society in one country. The draft resorts to the same method elsewhere by “referring” to Lenin’s words as a confirmation. Such is the scientific “methodology of the draft.”
Of the great wealth of Marxian literature and the treasure of Lenin’s works—directly ignoring everything Lenin said and wrote and everything he did, ignoring the party program and the program of the Young Communist League, ignoring the opinions expressed by all party leaders, without exception, during the epoch of the October Revolution, when the question was posed categorically (and how categorically!) ignoring what the authors of the program themselves, Stalin and Bukharin, said up to and including 1924 —two quotations all told from Lenin, one from his article on the United States of Europe, written in 1915, and another from his unfinished posthumous work on cooperation, written in 1923, have been used in defense of the theory of national socialism, which was created to meet the exigencies of the struggle against so-called “ Trotskyism” at the end of 1924 or the beginning of 1925. Everything that contradicts these two quotations of a couple of lines each—the whole of Marxism and Leninism—has simply been set aside. These two artificially extracted, and grossly and epigonically misinterpreted quotations are taken as the basis of the new and purely revisionist theory which is unbounded from the viewpoint of its political consequences. We are witnessing the efforts to graft, by methods of scholasticism and sophistry, to the Marxian trunk an absolutely alien branch, which, if grafted, will inexorably poison and kill the whole tree.
At the Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I., Stalin declared (not for the first time): “The question of the construction of a socialist economy in one country was for the first time advanced in the party by Lenin back in 1915.” (Minutes, Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I., p. 14.)
Thus an admission is here made that prior to 1915 no mention was ever made of the question of socialism in one country. Ergo, Stalin and Bukharin do not venture to encroach upon the entire tradition of Marxism and of the party on the question of the international character of the proletarian revolution. Let us bear this in mind.
However, let us see what Lenin did say “for the first time” in 1915 in contradistinction to what Marx, Engels, and Lenin himself had said previously.
In 1915 Lenin said: “Uneven economic and political development is an unconditional law of capitalism. Hence it follows that the triumph of socialism is, to begin with, possible in a few, or even in a single capitalist country. The victorious proletariat of that country, having expropriated the capitalists and having organized socialist production at home, would be up in arms against the rest of the capitalist world, attracting oppressed classes of other countries to its side, causing insurrections in those countries against the capitalists, and acting, in case of need, even with military power against the exploiting classes and their governments.” (Works, Vol. XIII, p. 133. Aug. 23, 1915.)
What did Lenin have in mind? Only that the victory of socialism in the sense of the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat is possible at first in one country, which because of this very fact, will be counterposed to the capitalist world. The proletarian state, in order to be able to resist an attack and to assume a revolutionary offensive of its own, will first have to “organize socialist production at home,” i.e., it will have to organize the operation of the factories taken from the capitalists. That is all. Such a “victory of socialism” was, as is shown, first achieved in Russia, and the first workers’ state, in order to defend itself against world intervention, had first of all to “organize socialist production at home,” or to create trusts of “a consistently socialist type.” By the victory of socialism in one country, Lenin consequently did not cherish the fantasy of a self-sufficient socialist society, and in a backward country at that, but something much more realistic, namely, what the Wikipedia October Revolution had achieved in our country during the first period of its existence.
Does this, perhaps, require proof? So many proofs can be adduced that the only difficulty lies in making the best choice.
In his theses on war and peace (January 7, 1918) Lenin spoke of the "necessity of a certain period of time, at least several months, for the victory of socialism in Russia....” (Works, Vol. XV, p. 64.)
At the beginning of the same year, i.e., 1918, Lenin, in his article entitled “On Left Wing Childishness and Petty Bourgeois Tendencies,” directed against Bukharin, wrote the following: “ If, let us say, state capitalism could be established in our country within six months, that would be a tremendous achievement and the surest guarantee that within a year socialism will be definitely established and will have become invincible.” (Works, Vol. XV, part 2, p. 263.)
How could Lenin have set so short a period for the “definite establishment of socialism"? What material-productive and social content did he put into these words?
This question will at once appear in a different light if we recall that on April 29, 1918, Lenin said in his report to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviet government: “It is hardly to be expected that our next generation, which will be more highly developed, will effect a complete transition to socialism.” (Ibid., p. 280.)
On December 3, 1919, at the Congress of Communes and Artels, Lenin spoke even more bluntly, saying: “ We know that we cannot establish a socialist order at the present time. It will be well if our children and perhaps our grandchildren will be able to establish it.” (Works, Vol. XVI, p. 398.)
In which of these two cases was Lenin right? Was it when he spoke of the “definite establishment, of socialism” within twelve months, or when he left it not for our children but our grandchildren to “establish the socialist order"?
Lenin was right in both cases, for he had in mind two entirely different and incommensurable stages of socialist construction.
By the “definite establishment of socialism” in the first case, Lenin meant not the building of a socialist society within a year’s time or even "several months,” that is, he did not mean that the classes will be done away with, that the contradictions between city and country will be eliminated; he meant the restoration of production in mills and factories in the hands of the proletarian state, and thus the assuring of the possibility to exchange products between city and country. The very shortness of the term is in itself a sure key to an understanding of the whole perspective.
Of course, even for this elementary task, too short a term was set at the beginning of 1918. It was this purely practical “miscalculation” that Lenin derided at the Fourth Congress of the Comintern when he said “we were more foolish then than we are now.” But “ we had a correct view of the general perspectives and did not for a moment believe that it is possible to set up a complete ’socialist order’ in the course of twelve months and in a backward country at that.” The attainment of this main and final goal —the construction of a socialist society—was left by Lenin to three whole generations—ourselves, our children, and our grandchildren.
Is it not clear that in his article of 1915, Lenin meant by the organization of “socialist production,” not the creation of a socialist society but an immeasurably more elementary task which has already been realized by us in the U.S.S.R.? Otherwise, one would have to arrive at the absurd conclusion that, according to Lenin, the proletarian party, having captured power, "postpones” the revolutionary war until the third generation.
Such is the sorry position of the main stronghold of the new theory in so far as the 1915 quotation is concerned. However, what is sadder still is the fact that Lenin wrote this passage not in application to Russia. He was speaking of Europe in contrast to Russia. This follows not only from the content of the quoted article devoted to the question of the United States of Europe, but also from Lenin’s entire position at the time. A few months later, November 20, 1915, Lenin wrote specially on Russia, saying:
"“The task of the proletariat follows obviously from this actual state of affairs. This task is a bold, heroic, revolutionary struggle against the monarchy (the slogans of the January conference of 1912—the ’Three Whale’s), a struggle which would attract all democratic masses, that is, first and foremost the peasantry. At the same time, a relentless struggle must be waged against chauvinism, a struggle for the socialist revolution in Europe in alliance with its proletariat. The war crisis has strengthened the economic and political factors impelling the petty bourgeoisie, including the peasantry, towards the Left. Therein lies the objective basis of the absolute possibility of the victory of the democratic revolution in Russia. That the objective conditions for a socialist revolution have fully matured in Western Europe, was recognized before the war by all influential socialists of all advanced countries.” (Works, Vol. XIII, pp. 212f.)"
Thus, in 1915, Lenin clearly spoke of a democratic revolution in Russia and of a socialist revolution in Western Europe. In passing, as if speaking of something which is self-evident, he mentions that in Western Europe, distinct from Russia, in contrast to Russia, the conditions for a socialist revolution have “fully matured.” But the authors of the new theory, the authors of the draft program, simply ignore this quotation—one of many —which squarely and directly refers to Russia, just as they ignore hundreds of other passages, as they ignore all of Lenin’s works. Instead of taking notice of this, they snatch, as we have seen, at another passage that refers to Western Europe, ascribe to it a meaning which it cannot and does not contain, attach this ascribed meaning to Russia, a country to which the passage has no reference, and on this “ foundation” erect their new theory.
What was Lenin’s position on this question immediately before the October period? On leaving Switzerland after the February 1917 revolution, Lenin addressed a letter to the Swiss workers in which he declared:
"“Russia is a peasant country, one of the most backward countries of Europe. Socialism cannot be immediately triumphant there but the peasant character of the country with the huge tracts of land in the hands of the feudal aristocracy and landowners, can, on the basis of the experience of 1905, give a tremendous sweep to the bourgeois democratic revolution in Russia and make our revolution a prelude to the world socialist revolution, a step towards it. ... The Russian proletariat cannot by its own forces victoriously complete the socialist revolution. But it can give the Russian revolution dimensions such as will create the most favorable conditions for it, such as will in a certain sense begin it. It can facilitate matters for the entrance into a decisive battle on the part of its main and most reliable ally, the European and American socialist proletariat.” (Works, Vol. XI, part 2, pp. 407f.)"
All the elements of the question are contained in these few lines. If Lenin believed in 1915, in time of war and reaction, as they try to convince us now, that the proletariat of Russia can build socialism by itself so as to be able to declare war on the bourgeois states, after it will have accomplished this work, how could Lenin, at the beginning of 1917, after the February revolution, speak so categorically about the impossibility for backward peasant Russia to build socialism with its own forces? One must at least be somewhat logical and, to put it baldly, have some respect for Lenin.
It would be superfluous to add more quotations. To give an integral outline of Lenin’s economic and political views conditioned by the international character of the socialist revolution would require a separate work that would cover many subjects, but not the subject of building a self-sufficient socialist society in one country, because Lenin did not know this subject.
However, we feel obliged to dwell here on another article by Lenin—"On Cooperation"—since the draft program appears to quote this posthumous article extensively, i.e., utilizes some of its expressions for a purpose which is entirely alien to the article. We have in mind the fifth chapter of the draft program which states that the workers of the Soviet Republics "possess all the necessary and sufficient material prerequisites in the country ... for the complete construction of socialism".
If the article dictated by Lenin during his illness and published after his death really did say that the Soviet state possesses all the necessary and material, that is, first of all, productive prerequisites for an independent construction of complete socialism, one would only have to surmise that either Lenin slipped in his dictation or that the stenographer made a mistake in transcribing her notes. Either conjecture is at any rate more probable than that Lenin abandoned Marxism and his own life-long teaching in two hasty strokes. Fortunately, however, there is not the slightest need for such an explanation. The remarkable, though unfinished article "On Cooperation,” which is bound up by unity of thought with other, no less remarkable articles of his last period, constituting, as it mere, a chapter of an unfinished book dealing with the place occupied by the October Revolution in the chain of revolutions in the West and East —this article “ On Cooperation” does not at all speak of those things which the revisionists of Leninism so light-mindedly ascribe to it.
In this article Lenin explains that the “trading” cooperatives can and must entirely change their social role in the workers’ state and that by a correct policy they may direct the merger of private peasant interests with the general state interests along socialist channels. Lenin substantiates this irrefutable idea as follows:
"“As a matter of fact, the state power over all large-scale means of production, state power in the hands of the proletariat, an alliance of that proletariat with the many millions of peasants with small and petty holdings, security of proletarian leadership in relationship to the peasant —is this not all that is necessary for the cooperatives, the cooperatives alone, which we have formerly treated as mere traders, and which, from a certain viewpoint, we still have the right to treat as such even now under the N.E.P., is this not all that is necessary for the construction of a complete socialist society? It is not yet the construction of a socialist society but it is all that is necessary and sufficient for this construction.' (Works, Vol. XVIII, part 2, p. 140.)" The text of the passage which includes an unfinished phrase ["the cooperatives alone"(?)] irrefutably proves that we have before us an uncorrected draft which was dictated and written. It is all the more inadmissible to cling to a few isolated words of the text rather than to try to get a general idea of the article. Fortunately, however, even the letter of the cited passage and not only its spirit grants no one the right to misuse it as it is being misused by the authors of the draft program. Speaking of the “necessary and sufficient” prerequisites, Lenin strictly limits his subject in this article. In it he deals only with the question as to the ways and means by which we will reach socialism through the atomized and diffused peasant enterprises without new class upheavals, having the prerequisites of the Soviet regime as our basis. The article is entirely devoted to the socio-organizational forms of the transition from small private commodity economy to collective economy but not to the material-productive conditions of that: transition. Were the European proletariat to prove victorious today and come to our assistance with its technology, the question of cooperation raised by Lenin as a socio-organizational method of coordinating private and social interests would still fully retain its significance. Cooperation points the way through which advanced technology, including electricity, can reorganize and unite the millions of peasant enterprises, once a Soviet regime exists. But cooperation cannot be substituted for technology and does not create that technology. Lenin does not merely speak of the necessary and sufficient prerequisites in general, but as we have seen, he definitely enumerates them. They are: It is only after enumerating these purely political conditions—nothing is said here about material conditions —that Lenin arrives at his conclusion, namely, that “ this” (i.e., all the foregoing) “ is all that is necessary and sufficient” for the building of a socialist society. “All that is necessary and sufficient” on the political plane, but no more. But, adds Lenin right there and then, "it is not yet the construction of a socialist society.” Why not? Because political conditions alone, although they be sufficient, do not solve the problem. The cultural question still remains. “Only” this, says Lenin, emphasizing the word “ only” in order to show the tremendous importance of the prerequisites we lack. Lenin knew as well as we that culture is bound up with technology. “To be cultural"—he brings the revisionists back to earth—"a certain material basis is necessary.” (Ibid., p. 185.) Suffice to mention the problem of electrification which Lenin, incidentally, purposely linked up with the question of the international socialist revolution. The struggle for culture, given the “necessary and sufficient” political (but not material) prerequisites, would absorb all our efforts, were it not for the question of the uninterrupted and irreconcilable economic, political, military, and cultural struggle of the country engaged in the building of a socialist society on a backward basis against world capitalism which is in its decline but is technically powerful.
* 1) “ Power of the state over all large-scale means of production” (an uncorrected phrase)
* 2) "State power in the hands of the proletariat"
* 3) “ An alliance of that proletariat with millions of peasants"
* 4) “ Security of proletarian leadership in relation to the peasants.”
“I am ready to state [Lenin underscores with particular emphasis towards the end of this article] that the center of gravity for us would be transferred to cultural work were it not for our duty to fight for our position on an international scale.” (Ibid., p. 144.)
Such is Lenin’s real idea if we analyze the article on cooperation, even apart from all his other works. How else, if not as a falsification, can we style the formula of the authors of the draft program who deliberately take Lenin’s words about our possession of the “ necessary and sufficient" prerequisites and add to them the basic material prerequisites, although Lenin definitely speaks of the material prerequisites in parentheses, saying that it is just what we do not have and what we must still gain in our struggle “ for our position on an international scale,” that is, in connection with the international proletarian revolution? That is how matters stand with the second, and last stronghold of the theory.
We purposely did not deal here with innumerable articles and speeches from 1905 to 1923 in which Lenin asserts and repeats most categorically that without a victorious world revolution we are doomed to failure, that it is impossible to defeat the bourgeoisie economically in one country, particularly a backward country, that the task of building a socialist society is in its very essence an international task—from which Lenin drew conclusions which may be “ pessimistic” to the promulgators of the new national reactionary utopia but which are sufficiently optimistic from the viewpoint of revolutionary internationalism. We concentrate our argument here only on the passages which the authors of the draft have themselves chosen in order to create the “necessary and sufficient” prerequisites for their utopia. And we see that their whole structure crumbles the moment it is touched.
However, we consider it in place to present at least one of Lenin’s direct statements on the controversial question which does not need any comment and will not permit any false interpretation.
“We have emphasized in many of our works; in all our speeches, and in our entire press that the situation in Russia is not the same as in the advanced capitalist countries, that we have in Russia a minority of industrial workers and an overwhelming majority of small agrarians. The social revolution in such a country can be finally successful only on two conditions: first, on the condition that it is given timely support by the social revolution in one or more advanced countries ... second, that there be an agreement between the proletariat which establishes the dictatorship or holds state power in its hands and the majority of the peasant population. ...
“We know that only an agreement with the peasantry can save the socialist revolution in Russia so long as the revolution in other countries has not arrived.” (Works, Vol. XVIII, part 1, pp. 137f.)
We hope that this passage is sufficiently instructive. First, Lenin himself emphasizes in it that the ideas advanced by him have been developed "in many of our works, in all our speeches, and in our entire press"; secondly, this perspective was envisaged by Lenin not in 1915, two years prior to the October Revolution, but in 1921, the fourth year after the October Revolution.
So far as Lenin is concerned, we venture to think that the question is clear enough. There remains to inquire: what was formerly the opinion of the authors of the draft program on the basic question now before us?
On this point, Stalin said in November 1926: “The party always took as its starting point the idea that the victory of socialism in one country means the possibility to build socialism in that country, and that this task can be accomplished with the forces of a single country.” (Pravda, Nov. 12, 1926.)
We already know that the party never took this as its starting point. On the contrary, “in many of our works, in all our speeches, and in our entire press,” as Lenin said, the party proceeded from the opposite position, which found its highest expression in the program of the C.P.S.U. But one would imagine that at least Stalin himself “always” proceeded from this false view that “socialism can be built with the forces of one country." Let us check up.
What Stalin’s views on this question were in 1905 or 1915 we have absolutely no means of knowing as there are no documents whatever on the subject. But in 1924, Stalin outlined Lenin’s views on the building of socialism, as follows: “The overthrow of the power of the bourgeoisie and the establishment of a proletarian government in one country does not yet guarantee the complete victory of socialism. The main task of socialism—the organization of socialist production—still remains ahead. Can this task be accomplished, can the final victory of socialism in one country be attained, without the joint efforts of the proletariat of several advanced countries? No, this is impossible. To overthrow the bourgeoisie, the efforts of one country are sufficient—the history of our revolution bears this out. For the final victory of socialism, for the organization of socialist production, the efforts of one country, particularly of such a peasant country as Russia are insufficient. For this the efforts of the proletarians of several advanced countries are necessary....
“Such, on the whole, are the characteristic features of the Leninist theory of the proletarian revolution.” (Stalin, Lenin and Leninist, pp. 4Of., Russian ed., 1928.)
One must concede that the “characteristic features of the Leninist theory" are outlined here quite correctly. In the later editions of Stalin’s book this passage was altered to read in just the opposite way and the “characteristic features of the Leninist theory” were proclaimed within a year as ... Trotskyism. The Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I. passed its decision, not on the basis of the 1924 edition but of the 1926 edition.
That is how the matter stands with Stalin. Nothing could be any sadder. To be sure, we might reconcile ourselves with this if matters were not just as sad with regard to the Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I.
There is one hope left and that is that at least Bukharin, the real author of the draft program, “always proceeded” from the possibility of the realization of socialism in one country. Let us check up.
Here is what Bukharin wrote on the subject in 1917: “Revolutions are the locomotives of history. Even in backward Russia, the irreplaceable engineer of that locomotive can be only the proletariat. But the proletariat can no longer remain within the framework of the property relations of bourgeois society. It marches to power and towards socialism. However, this task which is being ’put on the order of the day’ in Russia cannot be accomplished ’within national boundaries.’ Here the working class meets with an insurmountable wall [Observe: “an insurmountable wall."—L.T.] which can be broken through only by the battering ram of the International Workers’ Revolution.” (Bukharin, The Class Struggle and Revolution in Russia, pp. 3f., Russian ed., 1917.)
He could not have expressed himself more clearly. Such were the views held by Bukharin in 1917, two years after Lenin’s alleged “change” in 1915. But perhaps the October Revolution taught Bukharin differently? Again, let us check.
In 1919, Bukharin wrote on the subject of the “Proletarian Dictatorship in Russia and the World Revolution” in the theoretical organ of the Communist International, saying:
"“Under existing world economy and the connection between its parts, with the mutual interdependence of the various national bourgeois groups, it is self-evident that the struggle in one country cannot end without a decisive victory of one or the other side in several civilized countries.”"
At that time this was even “self-evident.” He goes on.
"“In the Marxian and quasi-Marxian pre-war literature, the question was many times raised as to whether the victory of socialism is possible in one country. Most of the writers replied to this question in the negative [and what about Lenin in 1915?—L.T.] from which one does not at all conclude that it is impossible or impermissible to start the revolution and to seize the power in one country.”"
Exactly! In the same article we read:
"“The period of a rise in the productive forces can begin only with the victory of the proletariat in several major countries. Hence it follows that an all-round development of the world revolution and the formation of a strong economic alliance of the industrial countries with Soviet Russia is necessary.” (N. Bukharin, “The Proletarian Dictatorship in Russia and the World Revolution,” Communist International, No. 5, p. 614, 1919.)" Bukharin’s assertion that a rise in the productive forces, that is, real socialist development, will begin in our country only after the victory of the proletariat in the advanced countries of Europe is indeed the very same statement that was used as a basis of all acts of indictment against “ Trotskyism,” including the indictment at the Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I. The only thing peculiar is that Bukharin, who owes his salvation to his short memory, stepped forward in the role of accuser. Side by side with this comical circumstance, there is another and a tragic one, namely, that among those indicted was also Lenin, who expressed dozens of times the very same elementary idea.
Finally, in 1921, six years after Lenin’s alleged change of 1915, and four years after the October Revolution, the Central Committee headed by Lenin approved the program of the Young Communist League, which was drawn up by a commission directed by Bukharin. Paragraph 4 of this program reads:
"“In the U.S.S.R. state power is already in the hands of the working class. In the course of three years of heroic struggle against world capitalism, the proletariat has maintained and strengthened its Soviet government. Russia, although it possesses enormous natural resources, is, nevertheless, from an industrial point of view, a backward country, in which a petty bourgeois population predominates. It can arrive at socialism only through the world proletarian revolution, which epoch of development we have now entered.”"
This single paragraph from the program of the Young Communist League (not a chance article but a program!) renders ridiculous and really infamous the attempts of the authors of the draft to prove that the party “always" held the construction of a socialist society to be possible in one country and, moreover, precisely in Russia. If this was “always” so, then why did Bukharin formulate such a paragraph in the program of the Young Communist League? Where was Stalin looking at the time? How could Lenin and the whole Central Committee have approved such a heresy? How was it that no one in the party noticed this “trifle” or raised a voice against it? Doesn’t this look like a sinister joke which is turning into a downright mockery of the party, its history, and the Comintern? Is it not high time to put a stop to this? Is it not high time to tell the revisionists: don’t you dare hide behind Lenin and the theoretical tradition of the party!?
At the Seventh Plenum of the E.C.C.I., in order to provide the basis for the resolution condemning “Trotskyism,” Bukharin, whose safety lies in the shortness of his memory, made the following assertion: "“In comrade Trotsky’s theory of the permanent revolution—and comrade Trotsky propounds this theory even today—there is also to be found an assertion that because of our economic backwardness we must inevitably perish without the world revolution.” (Minutes, p. 115.)"
At the Seventh Plenum I spoke about the gaps in the theory of the permanent revolution as I had formulated it in 1905-1906. But naturally it never even entered my mind to renounce anything in this theory which was fundamental, which tended to and which did bring me close to Lenin, and which made utterly inacceptable to me the present-day revision of Leninism.
There were two fundamental propositions in the theory of the permanent revolution. First, that despite the historical backwardness of Russia, the revolution can transfer the power into the hands of the Russian proletariat before the proletariat of advanced countries is able to attain it. Secondly, that the way out of those contradictions which will befall the proletarian dictatorship in a backward country, surrounded by a world of capitalist enemies, will be found on the arena of world revolution. The first proposition is based upon a correct understanding of the law of uneven development. The second depends upon a correct understanding of the indissolubility of the economic and political ties between capitalist countries. Bukharin is correct in saying that even today I still hold to these two basic propositions of the theory of the permanent revolution. Today, more than ever before. For, in my opinion, they have been completely verified and proven: in theory, by the works of Marx and Lenin; in practice, by the experience of the October Revolution.
Where is the “ Social Democratic Deviation"?
The quotations adduced are more than sufficient to characterize Stalin’s and Bukharin’s theoretical positions of yesterday and today. But in order to determine the character of their political methods one must recall that, having selected from the documents written by the Opposition those statements which are absolutely analogous with those which they themselves made up to 1925 (in this case in full agreement with Lenin), Stalin and Bukharin erected on the basis of these quotations the theory of our “ social democratic deviation.” It appears that in the central question of the relations between the October Revolution and international revolution, the Opposition holds the same views as Otto Bauer, who does not admit the possibility of socialist construction in Russia. One might really think that the printing press was invented only in 1929 and that everything that occurred prior to this date is doomed to oblivion. The stakes are all put on short memory!
Yet, on the question of the nature of the October Revolution, the Comintern settled its accounts with Otto Bauer and other philistines of the Second International at the Fourth Congress. In my report on the New Economic Policy and the prospects of world revolution, authorized by the Central Committee, Otto Bauer’s position was appraised in a manner which expressed the views of our then Central Committee; it did not meet with any objections at the Congress and I think it fully holds good today. So far as Bukharin himself is concerned, he declined to clarify the political side of the problem since “many comrades, including Lenin and Trotsky, have already spoken on the subject"; in other words, Bukharin at that time agreed with my speech. Here is what I said at the Fourth Congress about Otto Bauer: "“The social democratic theoreticians, who, on the one hand recognize in their holiday articles that capitalism, particularly in Europe, has outlived its usefulness and has become a brake on historical development, and who on the other hand express the conviction that the evolution of Soviet Russia inevitably leads to the triumph of bourgeois democracy, fall into the most pitiful and banal contradiction of which these stupid and conceited confusionists are entirely worthy. The New Economic Policy is calculated for certain definite conditions of time and space. It is a maneuver of the workers’ state which exists in capitalist surroundings and definitely calculates on the revolutionary development of Europe.... Such a factor as time cannot be left out of consideration in political calculations. If we allow that capitalism will really be able to continue existing in Europe for another century or half a century and that Soviet Russia will have to adapt itself to it in its economic policy, then the question solves itself automatically because, by allowing this, we presuppose the collapse of the proletarian revolution in Europe and the rise of a new epoch of capitalist revival. On what grounds is this to be allowed? If Otto Bauer has discovered in the life of present-day Austria any miraculous signs of capitalist resurrection, then all that can be said is that the fate of Russia is predetermined. But thus far we do not see any miracles, nor do we believe in them. From our viewpoint, if the European bourgeoisie is able to maintain itself in power in the course of several decades, it will under the present world conditions signify not a new capitalist bloom, but economic stagnation and the cultural decline of Europe. Generally speaking it cannot be denied that such a process might draw Soviet Russia into the abyss. Whether she would have then to go through a stage of ’democracy,’ or decay in some other forms, is a question of secondary importance. But we see no reason whatever for adopting Spengler’s philosophy. We definitely count upon a revolutionary development in Europe. The New Economic Policy is merely an adaptation to the rate of that development.” (L. Trotsky, 'On Social Democratic Criticisms,” Five Years of the Comintern, p. 491.)" This formulation of the question brings us back to the point from which we started the evaluation of the draft program, namely, that in the epoch of imperialism it is impossible to approach the fate of one country in any other way but by taking as a starting point the tendencies of world development as a whole in which the individual country, with all its national peculiarities, is included and to which it is subordinated. The theoreticians of the Second International exclude the U.S.S.R. from the world unit and from the imperialist epoch; they apply to the U.S.S.R., as an isolated country, the bald criterion of economic “ maturity"; they declare that the U.S.S.R. is not ripe for independent socialist’ construction and thence draw the conclusion of the inevitability of a capitalist degeneration of the workers’ state.
The authors of the draft program adopt the same theoretical ground and take over bag and baggage the metaphysical methodology of the social democratic theoreticians. They too “abstract” from the world entity and from the imperialist epoch. They proceed from the fiction of isolated development. They apply to the national phase of the world revolution a bald economic criterion. But the “verdict” they bring in is different. The “leftism” of the authors of the draft lies in the fact that they turn the social democratic evaluations inside out. Yet, the position of the theoreticians of the Second International, remodel it as you may, remains worthless. One must take Lenin’s position which simply eliminates Bauer’s evaluation and Bauer’s prognosis as kindergarten exercises.
That is how matters stand with the “social democratic deviation.” Not we but the authors of the draft should consider themselves related to Bauer.
The Dependence of the U.S.S.R. on World Economy
The precursor of the present prophets of the national socialist society was no other than Herr Vollmar. Describing in his article entitled “ The Isolated Socialist State” the prospect of independent socialist construction in Germany, the proletariat of which country was much further developed than that of advanced Britain, Vollmar, in 1878, refers definitely and quite clearly in several places to the law of uneven development with which, according to Stalin, Marx and Engels were unacquainted. On the basis of that law Vollmar arrived in 1878 at the irrefutable conclusion that: "“Under the prevailing conditions, which will retain their force also in the future, it can be foreseen that a simultaneous victory of socialism in all cultural countries is absolutely out of the question.”" Developing this idea still further, Vollmar says: “Thus we have come to the isolated socialist state which I hope I have proven to be the most probable, although not the only possible way.”
In so far as by the term “isolated state” we may here understand a state under a proletarian dictatorship, Vollmar expressed an irrefutable idea which was well known to Marx and Engels, and which Lenin expressed in the above quoted article of 1915.
But then follows something which is purely Vollmar’s own idea, which, by the way, is by a long; shot not so one-sided and wrongly formulated as the formulation of our sponsors of the theory of socialism in one country. In his construction, Vollmar took as a starting point the proposition that socialist Germany will have lively economic relations with world capitalist economy, having at the same time the advantage of possessing a much more highly developed technology and a much lower cost of production. This construction is based on the perspective of a peaceful coexistence of the socialist and capitalist systems. But inasmuch as socialism must, as it progresses, constantly reveal its colossal productive superiority, the necessity for a world revolution will fall away by itself: socialism will triumph over capitalism by selling goods more cheaply on the market.
Bukharin, the author of the first draft program and one of the authors of the second draft, proceeds in his construction of socialism in one country entirely from the idea of an isolated self-sufficing economy. In Bukharin’s article entitled “On the Nature of our Revolution and the Possibility of Successful Socialist Construction in the U.S.S.R.” (Bolshevik, No. 19-20, 1926), which is the last word in scholasticism multiplied by sophistry, all the reasoning is done within the limits of isolated economy. The principal and only argument is the following:
"“Since we have ’all that is necessary and sufficient’ for the building of socialism, therefore, in the very process of building socialism there can be no such point at which its further construction would become impossible. If we have within our country such a combination of forces that, in relation to each past year, we are marching ahead with a greater preponderance of the socialist sector of our economy and the socialized sectors of our economy grow faster than the private capitalist sectors, then we are entering every subsequent new year with a preponderance of forces.”"
This reasoning is irreproachable: “Since we have all that is necessary and sufficient,” therefore we have it. Starting out from a point which must be proved, Bukharin builds up a complete system of a self-sufficing socialist economy without any entrances to it or exits from it, As to the external milieu, that is, the whole world, Bukharin, as well as Stalin, reminds himself of it only from the angle of intervention. When Bukharin speaks in his article about the necessity of “abstracting” from the international factor, he has in mind not the world market but military intervention. Bukharin does not have to abstract from the world market because he simply forgets about it throughout his construction. In harmony with this schema Bukharin championed the idea at the Fourteenth Congress of the Russian party that if we are not hindered by intervention we will build socialism “even if at the speed of a tortoise.” The question of the uninterrupted struggle between the two systems, the fact that socialism can be based only on the highest productive forces; in a word, the Marxian dynamics of the displacement of one social formation by another on the basis of the growing productive forces—all this has been completely blotted out. Revolutionary and historical dialectic has been displaced by a skinflint reactionary utopia of self-sufficient socialism, built on a low technology, developing with the “speed of a tortoise” within national boundaries, connected with the external world only by its fear of intervention. The refusal to accept this miserable caricature of Marx’s and Lenin’s doctrine has been declared a “social democratic deviation.” In the quoted article by Bukharin, this characterization of our views was, for the first time, generally advanced and “substantiated.” History will take note that we fell into a “social democratic deviation” because we refused to accept an inferior rehash of Vollmar’s theory of socialism in one country.
The proletariat of Czarist Russia could not have taken power in October if Russia had not been a link—the weakest link, but a link, nevertheless —in the chain of world economy. The seizure of power by the proletariat has not at all excluded the Soviet republic from the system of the international division of labor created by capitalism.
Like the wise owl which comes flying only in the dusk, the theory of socialism in one country pops up at the moment when our industry, which exhausts ever greater proportions of the old fixed capital, in two-thirds of which there is crystallized the dependence of our industry on world industry, has given indication of its urgent need to renew and extend its ties with the world market, and at a moment when the problems of foreign trade have arisen in their full scope before our economic directors.
At the Eleventh Congress, that is, at the last Congress at which Lenin had the opportunity to speak to the party, he issued a timely warning that the party would have to undergo another test: “...a test to which we shall be put by the Russian and international market to which we are subordinated, with which we are connected and from which we cannot escape.“
Nothing deals the theory of an isolated “complete socialism” such a death-blow as the simple fact that our foreign trade figures have in most recent years become the keystone of the figures of our economic plans. The “tightest spot” in our economy, including our industry, is our import trade which depends entirely on our export. And inasmuch as the power of resistance of a chain is always measured by its weakest link, the dimensions of our economic plans are made to conform to the dimensions of our imports.
In the journal Planned Economy (the theoretical organ of the State Planning Commission) we read an article devoted to the system of planning, that “ ... in drawing up our control figures for the current year we had to take methodologically our export and import plans as a starting point for the entire plan; we had to orient ourselves on that in our plans for the various branches of industry and consequently for industry in general and particularly for the construction of new industrial enterprises,” etc., etc. (Jan., 1927, p. 27.)
This methodological approach of the State Planning Commission states flatly, for all who have ears to hear, that the control figures determine the direction and tempo of our economic development, but that these control figures are already controlled by world economy; not because having become stronger we have broken free from the vicious circle of isolation.
The capitalist world shows us by its export and import figures that it has other instruments of persuasion than those of military intervention. To the extent that productivity of labor and the productivity of a social system as a whole are measured on the market by the correlation of prices, it is not so much military intervention as the intervention of cheaper capitalist commodities that constitutes perhaps the greatest immediate menace to Soviet economy. This alone shows that it is by no means merely a question of an isolated economic victory over “ one’s own” bourgeoisie: "The socialist revolution which is impending for the whole world will by no means consist merely in a victory of the proletariat of each country over its own bourgeoisie.” (Lenin, Works, Vol. XVI, p. 388, 1919.) Involved here is a rivalry and a life-and-death struggle between two social systems, one of which has only just begun building on backward productive forces, while the other still rests today on productive forces of immeasurably greater strength.
Anyone who sees “pessimism” in an admission of our dependence on the world market (Lenin spoke bluntly of our subordination to the world market) reveals thereby his own provincial petty bourgeois timorousness in the face of the world market, and the pitiful character of his homebred optimism which hopes to hide from world economy behind a bush and to manage somehow with its own resources.
The new theory has made a point of honor of the freakish idea that the U.S.S.R. can perish from military intervention but never from its own economic backwardness. But inasmuch as in a socialist society the readiness of the toiling masses to defend their country must be much greater than the readiness of the slaves of capitalism to attack that country, the question arises: why should military intervention threaten us with disaster? Because the enemy is infinitely stronger in his technology. Bukharin concedes the preponderance of the productive forces only in their military technical aspect. He does not want to understand that a Ford tractor is just as dangerous as a Creusot gun, with the sole difference that while the gun can function only from time to time, the tractor brings its pressure to bear upon us constantly. Besides, the tractor knows that a gun stands behind it, as a last resort.
We are the first workers’ state, a section of the world proletariat, and together with the latter we depend upon world capital. The indifferent, neutral, and bureaucratically castrated word, “connections,” is put into circulation only with the object of concealing the extremely onerous and dangerous nature of these ’connections.” If we were producing at the prices of the world market, our dependence on the latter, without ceasing to be a dependence, would be of a much less severe character than it is now. But unfortunately this is not the case. Our monopoly of foreign trade itself is evidence of the severity and the dangerous character of our dependence. The decisive importance of the monopoly in our socialist construction is a result precisely of the existing correlation of forces which is unfavorable to us. But we must not forget for a moment that the monopoly of foreign trade only regulates our dependence upon the world market, but does not eliminate it.
"“So long as our Soviet Republic [says Lenin] remains an isolated borderland surrounded by the entire capitalist world, so long will it be an absolutely ridiculous fantasy and utopianism to think of our complete economic independence and of the disappearance of any of our dangers.” (Works, Vol. XVII, p. 409.)"
The chief dangers arise consequently from the objective position of the U.S.S.R. as the “isolated borderland” in a capitalist economy which is hostile to us. These dangers may, however, diminish or increase. This depends on the action of two factors: our socialist construction on the one hand, and the development of capitalist economy on the other hand. In the last analysis, the second factor, that is, the fate of world economy as a whole, is, of course, of decisive significance.
Can it happen—and in what particular case—that the productivity of our socialist system will constantly lag behind that of the capitalist system—which would unfailingly lead in the end to the downfall of the socialist republic? If we ably manage our economy in this new phase when it becomes necessary to create independently an industrial basis with its incomparably higher demands upon the leadership, then our productivity of labor will grow. Is it, however, inconceivable that the productivity of labor in the capitalist countries, or more correctly, in the predominant capitalist countries, will grow faster than in our country? Without a clear answer to this question, there is no basis whatever for the vapid assertions that our tempo “is in itself” sufficient (let alone the absurd philosophy of the “speed of a tortoise”). But the very attempt to provide an answer to the question of the rivalry of two systems leads us to the arena of world economy and world politics, that is, to the arena of action and decision of the revolutionary International which includes the Soviet republic, but not by any means a self-sufficing Soviet republic which from time to time secures the support of the International.
Speaking of the state economy of the U.S.S.R. the draft program says that it “is developing large scale industry at a tempo surpassing the tempo of development in capitalist countries.” This attempt to juxtapose the two tempos represents, we must allow, a principled step forward in comparison to that period when the authors of the program categorically rejected the very question of the comparative coefficient between our development and world development. There is no need of “intruding the international factor,” said Stalin. Let us build socialism “even if at the speed of a tortoise,” said Bukharin. It was precisely along this line that the principled controversies occurred over a period of several years. Formally —we have won along this line. But if we do not merely insert into the text comparisons between the tempos of economic development, but penetrate to the root of the matter, it will become apparent that it is impermissible to speak in another section of the draft about “ a sufficient minimum of industry,” without any relation to the capitalist world, taking as a starting point only the internal relations; and that it is equally impermissible not only to pass a decision on but even to pose the question of whether it is “ possible or impossible” for any given country to build socialism independently. The question is decided by the dynamics of the struggle between the two systems, between the two world classes; and in this struggle, regardless of the high coefficients of growth of our restoration period, one incontestable and basic fact remains, namely, that:
"“Capitalism, if taken on an international scale, is even now, not only in a military but also in an economic sense, stronger than the Soviet power. We must proceed front this fundamental consideration and never forget it.” (Lenin, Works, Vol. XVII, p. 102.)"
The question of the interrelation between the different tempos of development remains an open question for the future. It depends not only upon our capacity to really achieve the “smychka,” to assure the grain collections, and to increase our export and import; in other words, not only upon our internal successes which, of course, are extremely important factors in this struggle but also upon the fate of world capitalism, upon its stagnation, upsurge, or collapse, that is to say, upon the course of world economy and world revolution. Consequently, the question is decided not within the national framework but on the arena of world economic and political struggle. | WIKI |
Talk:El Silencio (album)
Producer
Since the main article states that Adrian Belew produced the album, I figured I should add that detail to this album's information box. After all, being produced by someone from King Crimson is a rather important detail. —Preceding unsigned comment added by WalterDigsTunes (talk • contribs) 04:56, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
Redirection
I think this page should be redirected like "El Silencio (album)" since direct links take to another disambiguation page... also, adding this page to the disambiguation.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:33, 12 March 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
|Fear makes the wolf bigger than he is. ---German Proverb-|
What Fear Can Teach Us--by Karen Thompson Walker, syndicated from ted.com, Sep 23, 2017
One day in 1819, 3,000 miles off the coast of Chile, in one of the most remote regions of the Pacific Ocean, 20 American sailors watched their ship flood with seawater. They'd been struck by a sperm whale, which had ripped a catastrophic hole in the ship's hull. As their ship began to sink beneath the swells, the men huddled together in three small whaleboats. These men were 10,000 miles from home, more than 1,000 miles from the nearest scrap of land. In their small boats, they carried only rudimentary navigational equipment and limited supplies of food and water. These were the men of the whaleship Essex, whose story would later inspire parts of "Moby Dick."
Even in today's world, their situation would be really dire, but think about how much worse it would have been then. No one on land had any idea that anything had gone wrong. No search party was coming to look for these men. So most of us have never experienced a situation as frightening as the one in which these sailors found themselves, but we all know what it's like to be afraid. We know how fear feels, but I'm not sure we spend enough time thinking about what our fears mean.
As we grow up, we're often encouraged to think of fear as a weakness, just another childish thing to discard like baby teeth or roller skates. And I think it's no accident that we think this way. Neuroscientists have actually shown that human beings are hard-wired to be optimists. So maybe that's why we think of fear, sometimes, as a danger in and of itself. "Don't worry," we like to say to one another. "Don't panic." In English, fear is something we conquer. It's something we fight. It's something we overcome. But what if we looked at fear in a fresh way? What if we thought of fear as an amazing act of the imagination, something that can be as profound and insightful as storytelling itself?
It's easiest to see this link between fear and the imagination in young children, whose fears are often extraordinarily vivid. When I was a child, I lived in California, which is, you know, mostly a very nice place to live, but for me as a child, California could also be a little scary. I remember how frightening it was to see the chandelier that hung above our dining table swing back and forth during every minor earthquake, and I sometimes couldn't sleep at night, terrified that the Big One might strike while we were sleeping. And what we say about kids who have fears like that is that they have a vivid imagination. But at a certain point, most of us learn to leave these kinds of visions behind and grow up. We learn that there are no monsters hiding under the bed, and not every earthquake brings buildings down. But maybe it's no coincidence that some of our most creative minds fail to leave these kinds of fears behind as adults. The same incredible imaginations that produced "The Origin of Species," "Jane Eyre" and "The Remembrance of Things Past," also generated intense worries that haunted the adult lives of Charles Darwin, Charlotte BrontĂŤ and Marcel Proust. So the question is, what can the rest of us learn about fear from visionaries and young children?
Well let's return to the year 1819 for a moment, to the situation facing the crew of the whaleship Essex. Let's take a look at the fears that their imaginations were generating as they drifted in the middle of the Pacific. Twenty-four hours had now passed since the capsizing of the ship. The time had come for the men to make a plan, but they had very few options. In his fascinating account of the disaster, Nathaniel Philbrick wrote that these men were just about as far from land as it was possible to be anywhere on Earth. The men knew that the nearest islands they could reach were the Marquesas Islands, 1,200 miles away. But they'd heard some frightening rumors. They'd been told that these islands, and several others nearby, were populated by cannibals. So the men pictured coming ashore only to be murdered and eaten for dinner. Another possible destination was Hawaii, but given the season, the captain was afraid they'd be struck by severe storms. Now the last option was the longest, and the most difficult: to sail 1,500 miles due south in hopes of reaching a certain band of winds that could eventually push them toward the coast of South America. But they knew that the sheer length of this journey would stretch their supplies of food and water. To be eaten by cannibals, to be battered by storms, to starve to death before reaching land. These were the fears that danced in the imaginations of these poor men, and as it turned out, the fear they chose to listen to would govern whether they lived or died.
Now we might just as easily call these fears by a different name. What if instead of calling them fears, we called them stories? Because that's really what fear is, if you think about it. It's a kind of unintentional storytelling that we are all born knowing how to do. And fears and storytelling have the same components. They have the same architecture. Like all stories, fears have characters. In our fears, the characters are us. Fears also have plots. They have beginnings and middles and ends. You board the plane. The plane takes off. The engine fails. Our fears also tend to contain imagery that can be every bit as vivid as what you might find in the pages of a novel. Picture a cannibal, human teeth sinking into human skin, human flesh roasting over a fire. Fears also have suspense. If I've done my job as a storyteller today, you should be wondering what happened to the men of the whaleship Essex. Our fears provoke in us a very similar form of suspense. Just like all great stories, our fears focus our attention on a question that is as important in life as it is in literature: What will happen next? In other words, our fears make us think about the future. And humans, by the way, are the only creatures capable of thinking about the future in this way, of projecting ourselves forward in time, and this mental time travel is just one more thing that fears have in common with storytelling.
As a writer, I can tell you that a big part of writing fiction is learning to predict how one event in a story will affect all the other events, and fear works in that same way. In fear, just like in fiction, one thing always leads to another. When I was writing my first novel, "The Age Of Miracles," I spent months trying to figure out what would happen if the rotation of the Earth suddenly began to slow down. What would happen to our days? What would happen to our crops? What would happen to our minds? And then it was only later that I realized how very similar these questions were to the ones I used to ask myself as a child frightened in the night. If an earthquake strikes tonight, I used to worry, what will happen to our house? What will happen to my family? And the answer to those questions always took the form of a story. So if we think of our fears as more than just fears but as stories, we should think of ourselves as the authors of those stories. But just as importantly, we need to think of ourselves as the readers of our fears, and how we choose to read our fears can have a profound effect on our lives.
Now, some of us naturally read our fears more closely than others. I read about a study recently of successful entrepreneurs, and the author found that these people shared a habit that he called "productive paranoia," which meant that these people, instead of dismissing their fears, these people read them closely, they studied them, and then they translated that fear into preparation and action. So that way, if their worst fears came true, their businesses were ready.
And sometimes, of course, our worst fears do come true. That's one of the things that is so extraordinary about fear. Once in a while, our fears can predict the future. But we can't possibly prepare for all of the fears that our imaginations concoct. So how can we tell the difference between the fears worth listening to and all the others? I think the end of the story of the whaleship Essex offers an illuminating, if tragic, example. After much deliberation, the men finally made a decision. Terrified of cannibals, they decided to forgo the closest islands and instead embarked on the longer and much more difficult route to South America. After more than two months at sea, the men ran out of food as they knew they might, and they were still quite far from land. When the last of the survivors were finally picked up by two passing ships, less than half of the men were left alive, and some of them had resorted to their own form of cannibalism. Herman Melville, who used this story as research for "Moby Dick," wrote years later, and from dry land, quote, "All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex might in all human probability have been avoided had they, immediately after leaving the wreck, steered straight for Tahiti. But," as Melville put it, "they dreaded cannibals." So the question is, why did these men dread cannibals so much more than the extreme likelihood of starvation? Why were they swayed by one story so much more than the other? Looked at from this angle, theirs becomes a story about reading. The novelist Vladimir Nabokov said that the best reader has a combination of two very different temperaments, the artistic and the scientific. A good reader has an artist's passion, a willingness to get caught up in the story, but just as importantly, the readers also needs the coolness of judgment of a scientist, which acts to temper and complicate the reader's intuitive reactions to the story. As we've seen, the men of the Essex had no trouble with the artistic part. They dreamed up a variety of horrifying scenarios. The problem was that they listened to the wrong story. Of all the narratives their fears wrote, they responded only to the most lurid, the most vivid, the one that was easiest for their imaginations to picture: cannibals. But perhaps if they'd been able to read their fears more like a scientist, with more coolness of judgment, they would have listened instead to the less violent but the more likely tale, the story of starvation, and headed for Tahiti, just as Melville's sad commentary suggests.
And maybe if we all tried to read our fears, we too would be less often swayed by the most salacious among them. Maybe then we'd spend less time worrying about serial killers and plane crashes, and more time concerned with the subtler and slower disasters we face: the silent buildup of plaque in our arteries, the gradual changes in our climate. Just as the most nuanced stories in literature are often the richest, so too might our subtlest fears be the truest. Read in the right way, our fears are an amazing gift of the imagination, a kind of everyday clairvoyance, a way of glimpsing what might be the future when there's still time to influence how that future will play out. Properly read, our fears can offer us something as precious as our favorite works of literature: a little wisdom, a bit of insight and a version of that most elusive thing -- the truth. Thank you. (Applause)
This talk originally appeared on TED. TED is a nonprofit devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form of short, powerful talks. Fiction writer Karen Thompson Walker explores the connection between fear and the imagination.
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SWK Q3 Beat Ests, Guidance Lowered - Analyst Blog
Industrial tool maker Stanley Black & Decker ( SWK ) reported earnings per share from continuing operations of $1.39 in the third quarter of 2013, up from $1.22 reported in the year-ago quarter and a cent above the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.38.
GAAP earnings per share in the quarter were $1.07. The earnings result outperformance can be attributed to healthy performance at Stanley Black & Decker's three segments.
Revenue
Stanley Black & Decker in the third quarter 2013 generated net revenues of $2,759.3 million, up 9.6% year over year. The increase can be attributed to roughly 5% volume gains and a 7% contribution from acquisitions, offset partially by 1% impact from unfavorable pricing and 1% negative currency translation impact.
Revenue in the CDIY segment (50.3% of third quarter 2013 revenue) rose 5.5% year over year to $1,387.5 million, while the Security segment (21.8%) reported revenues of $600.4 million, reflecting a year over year increase of 2.9%. Industrial segment (27.9%) sales soared 24.8% to $771.4 million.
Margins
In the third quarter 2013, Stanley Black & Decker's normalized cost of sales, as a percentage of revenue came in at 64.0% versus 63.3% reported in the year-ago quarter. Gross margin was down 70 basis points to 36.0%, due primarily to higher cost of sales incurred in the quarter.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 11.8% year over year and as a percentage of revenue increased 40 basis points to 23.1%. Operating margin in the quarter was 12.9% versus 14.0% in the year-ago comparable quarter.
Balance Sheet
Cash and cash equivalents of Stanley Black & Decker exiting the third quarter 2013 were $469.1 million versus $561.74 million in the previous quarter. Long-term debt (net of current portions) was at $3,396.9 million, down compared with $3,428.9 million in the previous quarter.
Cash Flow
In the third quarter 2013, Stanley Black & Decker generated $152.3 million in normalized net cash flow from operating activities, down compared with $234.7 million generated in the year-ago quarter. Capital spending increased 23.6% year over year to $81.3 million. Free cash flow in the quarter was $71.0 million versus $168.9 million in the year-ago quarter.
The company expended approximately $77.5 million in paying dividends to shareholders in the third quarter 2013.
Outlook
For 2013, management of Stanley Black & Decker revised down its earnings per share guidance to a range of $4.90-$5.00 from previous expected range of $5.40-$5.65. The revision was due primarily to lower margin rate recovery in Security segment and lower organic growth expectations from the CDIY and Industrial segments.
Organic revenue growth is now expected to be roughly 3% compared with a range of 4%-5% expected earlier. Tax rate has also been revised down to 20% from 23% expected earlier.
GAAP EPS for 2013 is expected to be in the range of $3.75-$3.95 versus $4.46-$4.71 expected earlier. Free cash flow is now projected to be roughly $800 million versus $1.0 billion projected earlier.
Stanley Black & Decker manufactures tools and engineered security solutions across the globe. The stock currently carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Other companies to watch out for in the industry are Sandvik AB ( SDVKY ), Timken Co. ( TKR ) and Toro Co. ( TTC ), each with a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
SANDVIK AB (SDVKY): Get Free Report
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tobruk Airport
Tobruk International Airport is an airport serving the Mediterranean port city of Tobruk, capital of the Butnan District of Libya. The airport is 23 km south of Tobruk, at the town of Al Adm.
History
The airport was previously named Gamal Abdel Nasser Airport, after the president of the former United Arab Republic.
The airport was officially opened as Tobruk International Airport on 29 April 2013. The oldest airport in Libya, it had previously offered only internal flights. The first international passenger flight was to Alexandria, Egypt, operated by Libyan Airlines. The airport operates domestic flights to Benghazi and Tripoli.
A new passenger terminal is currently under construction. The airport will have a duty-free zone. Plans are currently underway to establish cargo service to Tobruk's International Airport.
Historical background
At the beginning of World War II, Libya was an Italian colony and Tobruk became the site of important battles between the Allies and Axis powers. Tobruk was strategically important to the conquest of Eastern Libya, then called the province of Cyrenaica. The airfield was significant due to the importance of air power in desert warfare. | WIKI |
box - 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'index' while exporting HEC-RAS
0 votes
264 views
asked Jun 21, 2018 by Loren Amelang
I've progressed past several more bugs in other software, and I'm back to RiverGIS, and apparently ready to export my HEC-RAS file. But I get this:
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'index'
I found http://q2a.rivergis.com/153/error-python-code-creating-import-file?show=153#q153
"As a workaround, you could create a dummy 1D reach with 2 xsections to enable the export to SDF."
But I'm still learning the 1D process. As far as I know I have pure 1D CrossSections. But I just noticed the CrossSections are in the "PROFILES" shapefiles that SAGA made. My RiverGIS XSCutLines layer has no data.
So I used Database -> Import Layers... and selected my PROFILES file. The QGIS "Show feature count" option still shows '0' for XSCutLines, but now it draws my cutlines on the map. And the export works! At least it makes a big file with appropriate-looking data in it:
#This file is generated by RiverGIS, a QGIS plugin (http://rivergis.com)
BEGIN HEADER:
DTM TYPE: GRID
DTM:
STREAM LAYER: rivergis@127.0.0.1/ridge1/StreamCenterlines
NUMBER OF REACHES: 3
CROSS-SECTION LAYER: rivergis@127.0.0.1/ridge1/XSCutLines
NUMBER OF CROSS-SECTIONS: 1435
MAP PROJECTION:
PROJECTION ZONE:
DATUM:
VERTICAL DATUM:
BEGIN SPATIAL EXTENT:
XMIN: 6182619.17887215
YMIN: 2218322.56405207
XMAX: 6220726.92902117
YMAX: 2252061.87504029
END SPATIAL EXTENT:
UNITS: FEET
END HEADER:
So I guess I've answered my own question. Guess I'll leave this here in case it might help someone else...
Still, how can an empty data file cause Python to not know the properties of a "box"?
\rivergis\ras_gis_import.py
...
def spatial_extent(self):
qry = 'SELECT ST_Extent(geom) FROM "{0}"."XSCutLines";'
qry = qry.format(self.schema)
box = self.rgis.rdb.run_query(qry, fetch=True)[0][0]
box_min = box[box.index('(')+1:box.index(',')].split()
box_max = box[box.index(',')+1:box.index(')')].split()
ext = 'XMIN: {0}\n YMIN: {1}\n XMAX: {2}\n YMAX: {3}\n '
se = ext.format(box_min[0], box_min[1], box_max[0], box_max[1])
if self.rgis.DEBUG:
self.rgis.addInfo(se)
return se
The only other place I see "box" is here (only the text would copy):
\rivergis\__pycache__\ras_gis_import.cpython-36.pyc
...
Nz/SELECT ST_Extent(geom) FROM "{0}"."XSCutLines";T)
z=XMIN: {0}
YMIN: {1}
XMAX: {2}
YMAX: {3}
boxZbox_minZbox_max
I know barely enough Python to be dangerous... But the current message looks like "box" needs to be defined somewhere, and it isn't. Except really it appears the problem is an empty input line, not an undefined variable... Maybe the routine could check for my empty data file and put up a more helpful message?
1 Answer
0 votes
answered Jun 21, 2018 by rpasiok (3,801 points)
Please, do not use the SAGA tool (Cross Profile) to create your cross-sections. You do not need profiles... you only need lines with cross-sections location. Create some test cross-sections manually, starting from left bank side, and let us know if that works.
commented Jun 29, 2018 by Loren Amelang
Today I can't get any stationing in my output files with any cutlines. See:
http://q2a.rivergis.com/522/line_locate_point-isnt-point-again
Is there some better tool to generate lots of cutlines? I'm not sure how many I really need, but I'm guessing over 700 at the moment... Not likely to happen manually!
commented Jun 29, 2018 by Loren Amelang
See http://q2a.rivergis.com/522/line_locate_point-isnt-point-again for the solution to the missing stationing issue.
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This feature is obsolete. Although it may still work in some browsers, its use is discouraged since it could be removed at any time. Try to avoid using it.
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Testing CKAN
If you’re a CKAN developer, if you’re developing an extension for CKAN, or if you’re just installing CKAN from source, you should make sure that CKAN’s tests pass for your copy of CKAN. This section explains how to run CKAN’s tests.
CKAN’s testsuite contains automated tests for both the back-end (Python) and the front-end (JavaScript). In addition, the correct functionality of the complete front-end (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) on all supported browsers should be tested manually.
See also
CKAN coding standards for tests
Conventions for writing tests for CKAN
Back-end tests
Most of CKAN’s testsuite is for the backend Python code.
Install additional dependencies
Some additional dependencies are needed to run the tests. Make sure you’ve created a config file at /etc/ckan/default/ckan.ini, then activate your virtual environment:
. /usr/lib/ckan/default/bin/activate
Install pytest and other test-specific CKAN dependencies into your virtual environment:
pip install -r /usr/lib/ckan/default/src/ckan/dev-requirements.txt
Set up the test databases
Create test databases:
sudo -u postgres createdb -O ckan_default ckan_test -E utf-8
sudo -u postgres createdb -O ckan_default datastore_test -E utf-8
Set the permissions:
ckan -c test-core.ini datastore set-permissions | sudo -u postgres psql
When the tests run they will use these databases, because in test-core.ini they are specified in the sqlalchemy.url and ckan.datastore.write_url connection strings.
You should also make sure that the Redis database configured in test-core.ini is different from your production database.
Configure Solr Multi-core
The tests assume that Solr is configured ‘multi-core’, whereas the default Solr set-up is often ‘single-core’. You can ask Solr for its cores status:
curl -s 'http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=STATUS' |python -c 'import sys;import xml.dom.minidom;s=sys.stdin.read();print(xml.dom.minidom.parseString(s).toprettyxml())'
Each core will be within a child from the <lst name="status" element, and contain a <str name="instanceDir"> element.
You can also tell from your ckan config (assuming ckan is working):
grep solr_url |ckan.ini|
# single-core: solr_url = http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr
# multi-core: solr_url = http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr/ckan
To enable multi-core:
1. Find the instanceDir of the existing Solr core. It is found in the output of the curl command above.
e.g. /usr/share/solr/ or /opt/solr/example/solr/collection1
2. Make a copy of that core’s directory e.g.:
sudo cp -r /usr/share/solr/ /etc/solr/ckan
3. Find your solr.xml. It is in the Solr Home directory given by this command:
curl -s 'http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr/admin/' | grep SolrHome
4. Configure Solr with the new core by editing solr.xml. The ‘cores’ section will have one ‘core’ in it already and needs the second one ‘ckan’ added so it looks like this:
<cores adminPath="/admin/cores" defaultCoreName="collection1">
<core name="collection1" instanceDir="." />
<core name="ckan" instanceDir="/etc/solr/ckan" />
</cores>
5. Restart Solr by restarting Jetty (or Tomcat):
sudo service jetty restart
6. Edit your main ckan config (e.g. /etc/ckan/default/ckan.ini) and adjust the solr_url to match:
solr_url = http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr/ckan
Run the tests
To run CKAN’s tests using PostgreSQL as the database, you have to give the --ckan-ini=test-core.ini option on the command line. This command will run the tests for CKAN core and for the core extensions:
pytest --ckan-ini=test-core.ini ckan/ ckanext/
The speed of the PostgreSQL tests can be improved by running PostgreSQL in memory and turning off durability, as described in the PostgreSQL documentation.
Common error messages
OperationalError
OperationalError: (OperationalError) no such function: plainto_tsquery ...
This error usually results from running a test which involves search functionality, which requires using a PostgreSQL database, but another (such as SQLite) is configured. The particular test is either missing a @search_related decorator or there is a mixup with the test configuration files leading to the wrong database being used.
SolrError
SolrError: Solr responded with an error (HTTP 404): [Reason: None]
<html><head><meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /><title>Error 404 NOT_FOUND</title></head><body><h2>HTTP ERROR 404</h2><p>Problem accessing /solr/ckan/select/. Reason:<pre> NOT_FOUND</pre></p><hr /><i><small>Powered by Jetty://</small></i>``
This means your solr_url is not corresponding with your SOLR. When running tests, it is usually easiest to change your set-up to match the default solr_url in test-core.ini. Often this means switching to multi-core - see Configure Solr Multi-core.
Front-end tests
Front-end testing consists of both automated tests (for the JavaScript code) and manual tests (for the complete front-end consisting of HTML, CSS and JavaScript).
Automated JavaScript tests
The JS tests are written using the Cypress test framework. First you need to install the necessary packages:
sudo apt-get install npm nodejs-legacy
sudo npm install
To run the tests, make sure that a test server is running:
. /usr/lib/ckan/default/bin/activate
ckan -c |ckan.ini| run
Once the test server is running switch to another terminal and execute the tests:
npx cypress run
Manual tests
All new CKAN features should be coded so that they work in the following browsers:
• Internet Explorer: 11, 10, 9 & 8
• Firefox: Latest + previous version
• Chrome: Latest + previous version
Install browser virtual machines
In order to test in all the needed browsers you’ll need access to all the above browser versions. Firefox and Chrome should be easy whatever platform you are on. Internet Explorer is a little trickier. You’ll need Virtual Machines.
We suggest you use https://github.com/xdissent/ievms to get your Internet Explorer virtual machines.
Testing methodology
Firstly we have a primer page. If you’ve touched any of the core front-end code you’ll need to check if the primer is rendering correctly. The primer is located at: http://localhost:5000/testing/primer
Secondly whilst writing a new feature you should endeavour to test in at least in your core browser and an alternative browser as often as you can.
Thirdly you should fully test all new features that have a front-end element in all browsers before making your pull request into CKAN master.
Common front-end pitfalls & their fixes
Here’s a few of the most common front end bugs and a list of their fixes.
Reserved JS keywords
Since IE has a stricter language definition in JS it really doesn’t like you using JS reserved keywords method names, variables, etc… This is a good list of keywords not to use in your JavaScript:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Reserved_Words
/* These are bad */
var a = {
default: 1,
delete: function() {}
};
/* These are good */
var a = {
default_value: 1,
remove: function() {}
};
Unclosed JS arrays / objects
Internet Explorer doesn’t like it’s JS to have unclosed JS objects and arrays. For example:
/* These are bad */
var a = {
b: 'c',
};
var a = ['b', 'c', ];
/* These are good */
var a = {
c: 'c'
};
var a = ['b', 'c']; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kyung-heeu2030/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
Master was blocked August 7th, Lumjohn joined shortly after and recreated Steve Elias + overlap here here and pretty much every single edit from this account. Praxidicae (talk) 13:38, 28 November 2019 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Puppet now blocked and tagged. Closing. Bbb23 (talk) 18:18, 28 November 2019 (UTC)
Suspected sockpuppets
Recreating 's Dawid Krzyżowski (freestyle football) (previously Dawid Krzyżowski) and registered just days after last sock was blocked + username similarity name+middle+number set Praxidicae (talk) 15:06, 27 December 2019 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* , will G5 ST47 (talk) 15:39, 27 December 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
kidzsearch.com > wiki Explore:web images videos games
During the history of slavery there were many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures. Slavery means the systematic exploitation of labor for work and services without payment and the possession of other persons as property. Slavery has existed at many different times in history, in many different places.
Slaves were often sold at markets and auctions. Slave auctions show that slaves were not thought of as human beings with human rights. Instead, they were thought of as property, which could be bought or sold. Slaves did not have any say in what happened to them. Many times, families were split up and sold to different owners for different amounts of money. Millions of families became separated this way and never saw each other again.
Atlantic slave trade
In America, slave auctions were used until the end of the Atlantic slave trade. Slave traders would capture or buy slaves in Africa,and would then take them on slave ships across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. When a slave ship arrived at a port, the slaves would be taken to a pen. There, they would be washed. Their skin would be covered in grease, animal fat, or even tar. This would make their skin look shinier and healthier, so they would be worth more money. Tar and oil were also used to cover wounds on the slaves' bodies.
The slaves were not treated with respect. They were called and thought of as "cargo". Men were also called "bucks" and women were called "does" or "wenches". They were branded (a letter or symbol would be burned into their skin) to mark them as slaves. Slave traders and buyers would examine them, or look them over closely, forcing open their mouths and checking their hair and bodies. Usually, the largest, strongest-looking slaves were bought first because they were thought to be able to do more work. Many women were sold away from their children and husbands, to buyers looking for good cooks and housekeepers.
There were two types of auctions: Grab and go and May the highest bidder win.
In a "grab and go" auction, a buyer would give the slave trader a certain amount of money and would get a ticket. When a drum roll sounded, the pen holding the slaves would open. The buyer would rush in and grab the slave or slaves that he wanted. He would then show his ticket to the slave trader before he left.
In a "may the highest bidder win" auction, slaves would be shown to the buyers one at a time. If more than one buyer wanted a particular slave, all of the buyers would have to bid on the slave (making offers for what they were willing to pay). The buyer who bid the highest would be able to buy that slave for the amount of money he bid.
Sometimes other things such as tea, coffee and ribbons, were also sold at slave auctions. Many auctions were social places where white people would gather and talk about the war or other things that were happening. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Archiver of Records
Keeper of history, chronicles, books, bills, factoids, and interesting works.... | WIKI |
Logo of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Atom interferometry for precision measurements on earth and in space
Kolloquium der Abteilung 4
Inertial sensors based on interferometry with ultra cold matter waves are a valuable tool for many experiments. The spectrum of applications covers a broad area from metrology through gravimetry and geodesy up to addressing fundamental questions in physics, such as testing the validity of the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) in the quantum domain.
My talk will first discuss the mobile Quantum Gravimeter GAIN (targeted accuracy of a few parts in 1010 for measurements of local gravity) as an example of a high performance instrument developed for terrestrial applications. It will then review the status and perspectives of matter wave experiments (e.g. QUANTUS, STE-QUEST, QWEP, …) aiming to perform tests of fundamental physics in micro-gravity environments and discuss in some detail the technology developments necessary to operate precision experiments in such challenging environments. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wyclef Jean: Anti-Trump celebs should be more like Kimmel than Kathy Griffin | TheHill
Rapper Wyclef Jean on Friday warned celebrities speaking out on politics to be "very careful" to avoid the controversy sparked by the likes of Kathy Griffin, saying they should "be as smart as" late night host Jimmy KimmelJames (Jimmy) Christian KimmelFCC fines 'The Walking Dead,' Jimmy Kimmel for use of emergency alert tones Jimmy Kimmel laments how quickly 'we seem to forget about these tragedies' Julia Louis-Dreyfus calls Williamson's Seinfeld reference 'bizarre' MORE. “If you’re the celebrity that’s speaking based on emotion, you don’t know what policy you’re talking about, they’re going to take that sound bite and make a whole movie out of it,” Jean said on Politico's "Off Message" podcast." “So, I encourage every celebrity … let’s be as smart as Kimmel.” Griffin came under fire this week after posing for a photoshoot with a fake severed head resembling President TrumpDonald John TrumpO'Rourke: Trump driving global, U.S. economy into recession Manchin: Trump has 'golden opportunity' on gun reforms Objections to Trump's new immigration rule wildly exaggerated MORE, a move that drew a damning rebuke from the White House and prompted CNN to terminate its agreement with the comedian to appear on the network's New Year's Eve program. By contrast, Jean referenced the host of ABC's "Jimmy Kimmel Live!," who last month delivered an emotional plea to Trump and lawmakers to halt their efforts to repeal ObamaCare. During the monologue, Kimmel revealed that his son had been born with a heart defect and argued that "no parent should ever have to decide if they can afford to save their child’s life." But Jean also encouraged celebrities to express their political views, saying that it's more important now than ever to speak out on the issues. “The idea of you having a voice and constantly being able to express yourself, in saying, ‘I don’t agree with this,’ or ‘I agree with this,’ it’s important,” he said. “I feel that we’re at a time now where your voice should be louder than it’s ever been.” View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Aehr Test Systems Reports 88% Revenue Growth in Second Quarter of Fiscal 2018 and Reiterates Full Year Guidance
FREMONT, Calif. , Aehr Test Systems (NASDAQ:AEHR), a worldwide supplier of semiconductor test and burn-in equipment, today announced financial results for its second quarter of fiscal 2018 ended November 30, 2017.
Fiscal Second Quarter Financial Results:
Net sales were $7.9 million, up 88% from $4.2 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2017. GAAP net income was $60,000, or $0.00 per diluted share, compared to a GAAP net loss of $1.5 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017. Non-GAAP net income was $424,000, or $0.02 per diluted share, compared to a non-GAAP net loss of $1.2 million, or $0.08 per diluted share, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017. Backlog as of November 30, 2017 was $12.2 million.
Fiscal First Six Months Financial Results:
Net sales were $14.9 million, up 56% from $9.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2017. GAAP net income was $70,000, or $0.00 per diluted share, compared to a GAAP net loss of $2.2 million, or $0.15 per diluted share, in the first six months of fiscal 2017. Non-GAAP net income was $650,000, or $0.03 per diluted share, compared to a non-GAAP net loss of $1.7 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, in the first six months of fiscal 2017.
An explanation of the use of non-GAAP financial information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the accompanying tables.
Second Quarter and Recent Business Highlights:
Announced today an initial order of over $2 million from a new customer for the FOX-XP™ test and burn-in system for singulated bare die testing and burn-in of silicon photonics devices for data communications applications. This order is from a leader in the photonics market, representing Aehr Test’s fourth customer for its FOX-XP system and an additional application for its FOX-XP singulated die / module test configuration. Announced last month a follow-on order from one of its lead FOX-XP Test and Burn-in System customers for an additional multi-wafer test and burn-in system to provide additional test capacity to meet the customer’s increasing silicon photonics device production requirements. Announced during the quarter a follow-on order from the subcontractor of one of its lead customers for a partially populated FOX-XP system, multiple DiePak® Carriers for their next generation devices, and multiple FOX DiePak Loader / Unloaders to increase their current production capacity. Announced during the quarter an order for an Advanced Burn-in and Test System (ABTS™) from a new customer in China, representing Aehr Test’s 10th ABTS customer in China and continued expansion and success in the growing China market. Finished the quarter with a strong pick up in shipments and revenue for ABTS products including initial shipments to the company’s ABTS Chamber OEM customer.
Gayn Erickson, President and CEO of Aehr Test Systems, commented:
“We continue to see good momentum in the first year of availability of our new FOX-P platform, and are generating increased interest and new opportunities both within our initial lead customers as well as with multiple potential new customers.
“Today we are excited to announce a new customer for the FOX-XP test and burn-in system. This initial production order is from an industry leader in the photonics market space, and not only further expands our FOX-XP customer base, but also represents an additional application for our FOX-XP test cell with a singulated bare die test configuration. This first application at this customer is for integrated silicon photonics devices where the customer will now be able to do both production burn-in and final test of their bare die with our DiePak carriers, thereby reducing costs and improving quality. This expanded applicability of our DiePak carriers could significantly expand our market for highly parallel bare die test and burn-in of devices where safety, security, or consumer confidence is critical.
“So far this fiscal year, we have received additional orders from our two lead customers for FOX-XP systems for additional capacity and capability to address new devices. We continue to be very happy with our relationship and partnership with both of these customers and their subcontractors / suppliers. We are also actively engaged with several additional opportunities related to our FOX-XP and FOX-1P wafer level and singulated die / module test and burn in systems, and we are seeing good traction with these potential new customers. This added visibility adds to our confidence that we can continue to add new customers and applications to our FOX-P family of products going forward.
“We continue to maintain our confidence in our revenue growth forecast for this fiscal year, and reiterate our previously provided financial guidance for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2018 of full year total revenue growth of at least 50% over fiscal 2017 and to be profitable for the year. With nearly $15 million in revenue on the books for the first half of the fiscal year, a healthy backlog of $12.2 million at the end our fiscal first half, and the additional orders announced since the start of our second half, we believe we are well positioned to achieve this expectation.”
Management Conference Call and Webcast
Aehr Test Systems will host a conference call and webcast today at 5:00 p.m. Eastern (2:00 p.m. PT) to discuss its second quarter fiscal 2018 operating results. To access the call dial 877-723-9521 (+1 719-325-4901 outside the United States) and give the participant pass code 5514558 . In addition, a live and archived webcast of the conference call will be available over the Internet at www.aehr.com in the Investor Relations section. A replay of the conference call will also be available via telephone beginning approximately two hours after conclusion of the call through 8:00 p.m. ET on January 11, 2018. To access the replay dial-in information, please click here .
About Aehr Test Systems
Headquartered in Fremont, California, Aehr Test Systems is a worldwide provider of test systems for burning-in and testing logic and memory integrated circuits and has an installed base of more than 2,500 systems worldwide. Increased quality and reliability needs of the Automotive and Mobility integrated circuit markets are driving additional test requirements, capacity needs and opportunities for Aehr Test products in package and wafer level test. Aehr Test has developed and introduced several innovative products, including the ABTS and FOX families of test and burn-in systems, WaferPak contactors, and DiePak carriers. The ABTS systems are used in production and qualification testing of packaged parts for both low-power and high-power logic as well as memory devices. The FOX family of systems includes single and multi-wafer full wafer contact test and burn-in systems used for burn-in and functional test of complex devices, such as leading-edge memories, digital signal processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers and systems-on-a-chip. The WaferPak contactor contains a unique full wafer probe card capable of testing wafers up to 300mm that enable | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe – sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge – appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.
Since the angular sizes of the Sun and the Moon, visible from the surface of the Earth, are almost the same, the ratio of the length of the Earth's shadow to the distance between the Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the sizes of the Earth and the Moon. Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to the Earth: roughly 1400000 km. The width of the Earth's shadow at the distance of the lunar orbit is approximately 9000 km (~ 2.6 lunar diameters), which allows people of the Earth to observe total lunar eclipses.
Appearance
Earth's shadow cast onto the atmosphere can be viewed during the "civil" stage of twilight, assuming the sky is clear and the horizon is relatively unobstructed. The shadow's fringe appears as a dark bluish to purplish band that stretches over 180° of the horizon opposite the Sun, i.e. in the eastern sky at dusk and in the western sky at dawn. Before sunrise, Earth's shadow appears to recede as the Sun rises; after sunset, the shadow appears to rise as the Sun sets.
Earth's shadow is best seen when the horizon is low, such as over the sea, and when the sky conditions are clear. In addition, the higher the observer's elevation is to view the horizon, the sharper the shadow appears.
Belt of Venus
A related phenomenon in the same part of the sky is the Belt of Venus, or anti-twilight arch, a pinkish band visible above the bluish shade of Earth's shadow, named after the planet Venus which, when visible, is typically located in this region of the sky. No defined line divides the Earth's shadow and the Belt of Venus; one colored band blends into the other in the sky.
The Belt of Venus is quite a different phenomenon from the afterglow, which appears in the geometrically opposite part of the sky.
Color
When the Sun is near the horizon around sunset or sunrise, the sunlight appears reddish. This is because the light rays are penetrating an especially thick layer of the atmosphere, which works as a filter, scattering all but the longer (redder) wavelengths.
From the observer's perspective, the red sunlight directly illuminates small particles in the lower atmosphere in the sky opposite of the Sun. The red light is backscattered to the observer, which is the reason why the Belt of Venus appears pink.
The lower the setting Sun descends, the less defined the boundary between Earth's shadow and the Belt of Venus appears. This is because the setting Sun now illuminates a thinner part of the upper atmosphere. There the red light is not scattered because fewer particles are present, and the eye only sees the "normal" (usual) blue sky, which is due to Rayleigh scattering from air molecules. Eventually, both Earth's shadow and the Belt of Venus dissolve into the darkness of the night sky.
Color of lunar eclipses
Earth's shadow is as curved as the planet is, and its umbra extends 1,400,000 km into outer space. (The antumbra, however, extends indefinitely.) When the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are aligned perfectly (or nearly so), with Earth between the Sun and the Moon, Earth's shadow falls onto the lunar surface facing the night side of the planet, such that the shadow gradually darkens the full Moon, causing a lunar eclipse.
Even during a total lunar eclipse, a small amount of sunlight however still reaches the Moon. This indirect sunlight has been refracted as it passed through Earth's atmosphere. The air molecules and particulates in Earth's atmosphere scatter the shorter wavelengths of this sunlight; thus, the longer wavelengths of reddish light reaches the Moon, in the same way that light at sunset or sunrise appears reddish. This weak red illumination gives the eclipsed Moon a dimly reddish or copper color. | WIKI |
Scott Irby-Ranniar
Scott Irby-Ranniar (born September 15, 1984) is an American actor and singer born in Harlem, New York. He is best known for originating the role of Young Simba in the Broadway production of The Lion King in 1997. He is a former member of the band Steel Train. | WIKI |
LLVM 19.0.0git
Remark.h
Go to the documentation of this file.
1//===-- llvm/Remarks/Remark.h - The remark type -----------------*- C++/-*-===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8//
9// This file defines an abstraction for handling remarks.
10//
11//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12
13#ifndef LLVM_REMARKS_REMARK_H
14#define LLVM_REMARKS_REMARK_H
15
16#include "llvm-c/Remarks.h"
18#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
21#include <optional>
22#include <string>
23
24namespace llvm {
25namespace remarks {
26
27/// The current version of the remark entry.
29
30/// The debug location used to track a remark back to the source file.
32 /// Absolute path of the source file corresponding to this remark.
34 unsigned SourceLine = 0;
35 unsigned SourceColumn = 0;
36
37 /// Implement operator<< on RemarkLocation.
38 void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
39};
40
41// Create wrappers for C Binding types (see CBindingWrapping.h).
43
44/// A key-value pair with a debug location that is used to display the remarks
45/// at the right place in the source.
46struct Argument {
48 // FIXME: We might want to be able to store other types than strings here.
50 // If set, the debug location corresponding to the value.
51 std::optional<RemarkLocation> Loc;
52
53 /// Implement operator<< on Argument.
54 void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
55 /// Return the value of argument as int.
56 std::optional<int> getValAsInt() const;
57 /// Check if the argument value can be parsed as int.
58 bool isValInt() const;
59};
60
61// Create wrappers for C Binding types (see CBindingWrapping.h).
63
64/// The type of the remark.
65enum class Type {
66 Unknown,
67 Passed,
68 Missed,
72 Failure,
73 First = Unknown,
75};
76
78 switch (Ty) {
79 case Type::Unknown:
80 return "Unknown";
81 case Type::Missed:
82 return "Missed";
83 case Type::Passed:
84 return "Passed";
85 case Type::Analysis:
86 return "Analysis";
88 return "AnalysisFPCommute";
90 return "AnalysisAliasing";
91 default:
92 return "Failure";
93 }
94}
95
96/// A remark type used for both emission and parsing.
97struct Remark {
98 /// The type of the remark.
100
101 /// Name of the pass that triggers the emission of this remark.
103
104 /// Textual identifier for the remark (single-word, camel-case). Can be used
105 /// by external tools reading the output file for remarks to identify the
106 /// remark.
108
109 /// Mangled name of the function that triggers the emssion of this remark.
111
112 /// The location in the source file of the remark.
113 std::optional<RemarkLocation> Loc;
114
115 /// If profile information is available, this is the number of times the
116 /// corresponding code was executed in a profile instrumentation run.
117 std::optional<uint64_t> Hotness;
118
119 /// Arguments collected via the streaming interface.
121
122 Remark() = default;
123 Remark(Remark &&) = default;
124 Remark &operator=(Remark &&) = default;
125
126 /// Return a message composed from the arguments as a string.
127 std::string getArgsAsMsg() const;
128
129 /// Clone this remark to explicitly ask for a copy.
130 Remark clone() const { return *this; }
131
132 /// Implement operator<< on Remark.
133 void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
134
135private:
136 /// In order to avoid unwanted copies, "delete" the copy constructor.
137 /// If a copy is needed, it should be done through `Remark::clone()`.
138 Remark(const Remark &) = default;
139 Remark& operator=(const Remark &) = default;
140};
141
142// Create wrappers for C Binding types (see CBindingWrapping.h).
144
145/// Comparison operators for Remark objects and dependent objects.
146
147template <typename T>
148bool operator<(const std::optional<T> &LHS, const std::optional<T> &RHS) {
149 // Sorting based on optionals should result in all `None` entries to appear
150 // before the valid entries. For example, remarks with no debug location will
151 // appear first.
152 if (!LHS && !RHS)
153 return false;
154 if (!LHS && RHS)
155 return true;
156 if (LHS && !RHS)
157 return false;
158 return *LHS < *RHS;
159}
160
161inline bool operator==(const RemarkLocation &LHS, const RemarkLocation &RHS) {
162 return LHS.SourceFilePath == RHS.SourceFilePath &&
163 LHS.SourceLine == RHS.SourceLine &&
164 LHS.SourceColumn == RHS.SourceColumn;
165}
166
167inline bool operator!=(const RemarkLocation &LHS, const RemarkLocation &RHS) {
168 return !(LHS == RHS);
169}
170
171inline bool operator<(const RemarkLocation &LHS, const RemarkLocation &RHS) {
172 return std::make_tuple(LHS.SourceFilePath, LHS.SourceLine, LHS.SourceColumn) <
173 std::make_tuple(RHS.SourceFilePath, RHS.SourceLine, RHS.SourceColumn);
174}
175
176inline bool operator==(const Argument &LHS, const Argument &RHS) {
177 return LHS.Key == RHS.Key && LHS.Val == RHS.Val && LHS.Loc == RHS.Loc;
178}
179
180inline bool operator!=(const Argument &LHS, const Argument &RHS) {
181 return !(LHS == RHS);
182}
183
184inline bool operator<(const Argument &LHS, const Argument &RHS) {
185 return std::make_tuple(LHS.Key, LHS.Val, LHS.Loc) <
186 std::make_tuple(RHS.Key, RHS.Val, RHS.Loc);
187}
188
189inline bool operator==(const Remark &LHS, const Remark &RHS) {
190 return LHS.RemarkType == RHS.RemarkType && LHS.PassName == RHS.PassName &&
191 LHS.RemarkName == RHS.RemarkName &&
192 LHS.FunctionName == RHS.FunctionName && LHS.Loc == RHS.Loc &&
193 LHS.Hotness == RHS.Hotness && LHS.Args == RHS.Args;
194}
195
196inline bool operator!=(const Remark &LHS, const Remark &RHS) {
197 return !(LHS == RHS);
198}
199
200inline bool operator<(const Remark &LHS, const Remark &RHS) {
201 return std::make_tuple(LHS.RemarkType, LHS.PassName, LHS.RemarkName,
202 LHS.FunctionName, LHS.Loc, LHS.Hotness, LHS.Args) <
203 std::make_tuple(RHS.RemarkType, RHS.PassName, RHS.RemarkName,
204 RHS.FunctionName, RHS.Loc, RHS.Hotness, RHS.Args);
205}
206
208 RLoc.print(OS);
209 return OS;
210}
211
213 Arg.print(OS);
214 return OS;
215}
216
218 Remark.print(OS);
219 return OS;
220}
221
222} // end namespace remarks
223} // end namespace llvm
224
225#endif /* LLVM_REMARKS_REMARK_H */
#define DEFINE_SIMPLE_CONVERSION_FUNCTIONS(ty, ref)
raw_pwrite_stream & OS
This file defines the SmallVector class.
Value * RHS
Value * LHS
This is a 'vector' (really, a variable-sized array), optimized for the case when the array is small.
Definition: SmallVector.h:1209
StringRef - Represent a constant reference to a string, i.e.
Definition: StringRef.h:50
This class implements an extremely fast bulk output stream that can only output to a stream.
Definition: raw_ostream.h:52
struct LLVMRemarkOpaqueEntry * LLVMRemarkEntryRef
A remark emitted by the compiler.
Definition: Remarks.h:140
struct LLVMRemarkOpaqueArg * LLVMRemarkArgRef
Element of the "Args" list.
Definition: Remarks.h:109
struct LLVMRemarkOpaqueDebugLoc * LLVMRemarkDebugLocRef
DebugLoc containing File, Line and Column.
Definition: Remarks.h:78
raw_ostream & operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const RemarkLocation &RLoc)
Definition: Remark.h:207
bool operator==(const RemarkLocation &LHS, const RemarkLocation &RHS)
Definition: Remark.h:161
StringRef typeToStr(Type Ty)
Definition: Remark.h:77
bool operator!=(const RemarkLocation &LHS, const RemarkLocation &RHS)
Definition: Remark.h:167
constexpr uint64_t CurrentRemarkVersion
The current version of the remark entry.
Definition: Remark.h:28
bool operator<(const std::optional< T > &LHS, const std::optional< T > &RHS)
Comparison operators for Remark objects and dependent objects.
Definition: Remark.h:148
Type
The type of the remark.
Definition: Remark.h:65
This is an optimization pass for GlobalISel generic memory operations.
Definition: AddressRanges.h:18
Printable print(const GCNRegPressure &RP, const GCNSubtarget *ST=nullptr)
A key-value pair with a debug location that is used to display the remarks at the right place in the ...
Definition: Remark.h:46
void print(raw_ostream &OS) const
Implement operator<< on Argument.
Definition: Remark.cpp:45
std::optional< RemarkLocation > Loc
Definition: Remark.h:51
The debug location used to track a remark back to the source file.
Definition: Remark.h:31
void print(raw_ostream &OS) const
Implement operator<< on RemarkLocation.
Definition: Remark.cpp:39
StringRef SourceFilePath
Absolute path of the source file corresponding to this remark.
Definition: Remark.h:33
A remark type used for both emission and parsing.
Definition: Remark.h:97
void print(raw_ostream &OS) const
Implement operator<< on Remark.
Definition: Remark.cpp:49
Type RemarkType
The type of the remark.
Definition: Remark.h:99
StringRef PassName
Name of the pass that triggers the emission of this remark.
Definition: Remark.h:102
std::optional< RemarkLocation > Loc
The location in the source file of the remark.
Definition: Remark.h:113
std::optional< uint64_t > Hotness
If profile information is available, this is the number of times the corresponding code was executed ...
Definition: Remark.h:117
Remark(Remark &&)=default
StringRef RemarkName
Textual identifier for the remark (single-word, camel-case).
Definition: Remark.h:107
Remark clone() const
Clone this remark to explicitly ask for a copy.
Definition: Remark.h:130
std::string getArgsAsMsg() const
Return a message composed from the arguments as a string.
Definition: Remark.cpp:21
StringRef FunctionName
Mangled name of the function that triggers the emssion of this remark.
Definition: Remark.h:110
Remark & operator=(Remark &&)=default
SmallVector< Argument, 5 > Args
Arguments collected via the streaming interface.
Definition: Remark.h:120 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Parnall
Summary
Parnall was a British aircraft manufacturer that evolved from a wood-working company before the First World War to a significant designer of military and civil aircraft into the 1940s.[1][2][3] It was based in the west of England and was originally known as George Parnall & Co. Ltd.[4]
History
Memorial to the 52 killed in German air raids on 27 February 1941 at Parnall Aircraft in Yate
In 1916, the Bristol based Parnall & Sons shopfitters started to manufacture aircraft at the Colliseum Works at Park Row in Bristol.[5][6] During the First World War, the skilled staff were moved to sites around the city and in neighbouring South Gloucestershire producing planes to their own designs and, under contract, those of other companies.[2]
In 1919, the aircraft business was split from the parent company Parnall & Sons as George Parnall and Company.[6] In the 1920s, aircraft manufacture was centralised at a factory in Yate close to an airfield used by the Royal Flying Corps.[7] In the 1930s, gun turrets for bomber aircraft were produced. The site was a strategic target for Luftwaffe bombing and during 1941, over fifty people were killed during the raids.[8]
In 1935, Parnall Aircraft Limited was formed when George Parnall and Company amalgamated with the Hendy Aircraft Company and Nash and Thompson Limited.[9] After the Second World War as aircraft component manufacture reduced, domestic appliances were built at the site.[10] To reflect this move away from aviation the company changed its name to Parnall (Yate) Limited in 1946.
Aircraft
Parnall Scout fighter prototype nearing completion
The Parnall Scout was a prototype single-seat anti-airship wooden biplane fighter aircraft developed in the 1910s. It was too heavy and slow and never went into production.[11][12]
The Parnall Panther was a carrier-based wooden, single-bay biplane spotter and reconnaissance aircraft designed by Harold Bolas,[13] who had joined Parnall and Sons after leaving the Admiralty's Air Department. It had a 230 hp Bentley BR2 rotary engine.[12] Following contractual disputes production was transferred to the Bristol Aeroplane Company.
The Parnall Puffin was an experimental amphibious fighter-reconnaissance biplane.
The Parnall Plover single-seat naval fighter aircraft of the 1920s for use off the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers, was ordered into small-scale production, but after extensive evaluation, the Fairey Flycatcher was preferred for large-scale service.
The Parnall Possum was an experimental triplane, with a single, central engine driving wing-mounted propellers via shafts and gears. Two of these aircraft were built in the mid-1920s.
The Parnall Pixie was a low-powered single-seat monoplane light aircraft originally designed to compete in the Lympne trials for motor-gliders in 1923, where it was flown successfully by Norman Macmillan. It had two sets of wings, one for cross-country flights and the other for speed; it later appeared as a biplane which could be converted into a monoplane.[14] Parnall Pixie IIIa G-EBJG is still in existence with the Midland Air Museum, Coventry, England. The remains are in deep store and are not generally on view to the public without prior arrangement.
The Parnall Perch was a single-engined, side-by-side-seat aircraft designed as a general-purpose trainer. No contract on this specification was awarded and only one Perch was built.
The Peto N181
The Parnall Peto was a small seaplane with folding wings for use as a submarine-carried reconnaissance aircraft.[15]
The Parnall Pike was a two/three-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft, capable of operating off carrier decks or from water, built in 1927.[16] Only one was constructed.
The Parnall Pipit was a single-engine, single-seat naval fighter designed to an Air Ministry specification in 1927. Two prototypes were built but both were destroyed by tail flutter.
The Parnall Imp was an unusual single-engine, two-seat biplane built in 1927. It had a straight cantilever lower wing which supported the markedly swept upper wing. Only one was built.[17]
The Parnall Elf was a two-seat light touring biplane, three being built at Yate between 1928 and 1932.[17] The Elf was the last aircraft designed by Harold Bolas before he left the company to go to the United States.
The Parnall Prawn was an experimental flying boat built in 1930. Its single engine was fitted on a tilting mounting in the nose, so that the propeller could be kept clear of the water on takeoff and landing. Only one was built and it is not known whether it was ever flown.
The Parnall Parasol was an experimental parasol winged aircraft design to measure the aerodynamic forces on wings in flight. Two were built and flown in the early 1930s.
The Parnall G.4/31 was a 1930s general purpose aircraft which could operate as a day and night bomber as well as the reconnaissance, torpedo and dive-bombing roles. It was a large angular biplane powered by a 690 hp (515 kW) Bristol Pegasus IM3 with a Townend ring.
The Parnall Heck was designed by Basil B. Henderson as a single-engined, conventional low-wing cabin monoplane, built of spruce with a plywood covering, initially a two-seater in tandem layout. The prototype was originally flown as the Hendy Heck but by the time of its first public demonstration in July 1935, the companies had merged and the aircraft was renamed as the Parnall Heck.[9]
The Parnall 382 (also known as the Heck III), was a single-engined wooden monoplane trainer aircraft with two open cockpits. It first flew in 1939.
References
1. ^ Stemp, P. D. (2013). Kites, Birds & Stuff - Over 150 Years of British Aviation - Makers & Manufacturers - Volume 3 - P to Z. Lulu. p. 3. ISBN 9781445794235.
2. ^ a b "Avro 504K". David Gregorie. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
3. ^ Sutherland, Jonathan; Smith, Alistair (2012). Royal Flying Corps. Casemate. p. 132. ISBN 9781848848894.
4. ^ "George Parnall and Co". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
5. ^ "Formation of Parnall Aircraft, Ltd". Flight. 30 May 1935. p. 600.
6. ^ a b "Death of Mr. George Parnall". Flight. 25 June 1926. p. 688.
7. ^ "The Factory Age". Yate Heritage Centre. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
8. ^ "Yate wartime aircraft factory bombing is remembered". BBC. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
9. ^ a b Jackson 1974, p. 89
10. ^ "The Parnall story". Bristol Post. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
11. ^ "Mivart Street, Bristol: How War Transformed British Industry". BBC. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
12. ^ a b "Parnall Aircraft". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
13. ^ Webb, Alan. "Section 1 - Woodworking contracts, then Scout and Panther". PARNALL - Bristol's Other Plane-maker. Alan Webb. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
14. ^ "Pixie." Flight, 25 October 1923, pp. 653-654.
15. ^ Flight 1929
16. ^ "Parnall Pike" All-Aero. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
17. ^ a b Jackson 1974, p. 280
• Jackson, A.J. (1974). British Civil Aircraft since 1919. 3. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-10014-X.
Further reading
• Jarrett, Philip. "Parnall's Final Fling: The Parnall Type 381 Gunnery Research Aircraft". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 16–20. ISSN 0143-5450
• Wixey, Kenneth (1990). Parnall Aircraft since 1914. Annopolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-930-1.
External links
• PARNALL - Bristol's Other Plane-maker, Alan Webb | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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