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Elon Musk kept his harshest criticism of Trump's immigration ban in his Twitter drafts
SpaceX and Tesla CEO Elon Musk tweeted and then quickly deleted three tweets condemning President Trump’s executive order on immigration today. The tweets took on a much more critical tone than the statements Musk made on January 28th. Shortly after deleting the tweets, Musk explained to an inquisitive Twitter user that these “were earlier drafts that I accidentally published.” “Regarding govt policy, there are often things that happen that many people don’t agree with. This is normal for a functioning democracy,” he wrote in one of the tweets. A second tweet appears to continue that line of thinking: “They rarely warrant a public statement. However, the ban on Muslim immigrants from certain countries rises to this level. It is not right.” A third tweet simply said: “The Muslim immigration ban is not right.” Musk’s original statements on the ban, which he tweeted two days before President Trump signed the executive order, drew criticism over their diplomatic nature. His position on President Trump’s Manufacturing Jobs Initiative as well as his economic advisory board also riled up opponents of the immigration ban, which has since been immobilized by the 9th Circuit. While Uber CEO Travis Kalanick quit Trump’s advisory board following heat from the #DeleteUber movement, Musk chose to remain. Musk released a statement explaining his reasoning shortly after the first meeting. “I believe at this time that engaging on critical issues will on balance serve the greater good,” he wrote. The question now is how Musk will explain the difference between his public statements and the ones that, until today, he withheld. We’ve reached out to Elon Musk and will update this story when he responds. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
BRIEF-NCR Corp Q1 non-GAAP earnings per share $0.38
April 26 (Reuters) - Ncr Corp : * Sees fy 2016 non-gaap earnings per share $2.90 to $3.00 * Sees q2 2016 gaap earnings per share $0.42 to $0.47 * Sees q2 2016 revenue $1.56 billion to $1.58 billion * Ncr announces first quarter 2016 results * Q1 revenue $1.44 billion versus i/b/e/s view $1.46 billion * Sees q2 2016 non-gaap earnings per share $0.60 to $0.65 * Sees fy 2016 gaap earnings per share $2.25 to $2.35 * Q1 non-gaap earnings per share $0.38 * Sees fy 2016 revenue $6.25 billion to $6.35 billion * Q1 earnings per share view $0.33 — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Fy2016 earnings per share view $2.88, revenue view $6.19 billion — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Q2 earnings per share view $0.71, revenue view $1.54 billion — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Bengaluru Newsroom: +1-646-223-8780) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The bit.io Developer Hub
Welcome to the bit.io developer hub. You'll find comprehensive guides and documentation to help you start working with bit.io as quickly as possible, as well as support if you get stuck. Let's jump right in!
Get Started
Getting Started with bit.io
A tour of bit.io's core features
This Guide
This guide will walk you through the basic functionality and concepts of bit.io and will point you toward more detailed documentation on specific topics. After reading this guide, you will have a good understanding of the core features of bit.io, knowledge of what bit.io is and what differentiates it from other database tools, and ideas for where to find more detailed and specific guidance for particular use cases.
What is bit.io?
The Fastest Way to Get a Database
In short, bit.io is the fastest and easiest way to set up a PostgreSQL database. You can load data to a PostgreSQL database by dragging and dropping files, entering a data file's URL, using the bit.io command line interface tool, sending data from R or Python applications or analyses, or any other Postgres or HTTP client. You can then work with the data via the in-browser SQL editor or any of your favorite data analysis tools: SQL clients, R, Python, Jupyter notebooks, the command line, and more. You can even visualize your data right in the browser.
A Secure, Versatile, Convenient Home for Your Data
Once you've signed up and uploaded your data to a bit.io repository, you have a secure, private database schema where you can upload more data, query and join tables, create views, and add documentation. Want to share your data? You can make the repository public or share with any other user.
📘
Repository
A bit.io repository is equivalent to a PostgreSQL schema. A schema can contain multiple tables. A single bit.io user can have multiple repositories (schemas), each containing multiple tables.
Why Use bit.io?
bit.io offers a full-featured PostgreSQL database that can be used in seconds with practically no configuration required and integrates with an ever-growing number of popular data tools. Any tool that works with Postgres will work with bit.io.
Using bit.io
The following sections of this guide will walk you through the core functionality of bit.io.
Create an Account
While you don't need an account to upload and query your first data file, having an account unlocks additional features, such as higher storage and query limits; data that persists longer than 72 hours; and the ability to access data via the API or some of bit.io's many integrations.
To create an account, select "sign up" on the upper right-hand side of the bit.io home page. Signing up is free!
Sign up for a free bit.io account.Sign up for a free bit.io account.
Sign up for a free bit.io account.
Upload Your First Data File
If you have a CSV file on your computer, you can use it. Otherwise, we recommend trying it out with the U.S. Federal Housing Finance Association state-level House Price Index data The url is: https://www.fhfa.gov/DataTools/Downloads/Documents/HPI/HPI_AT_state.csv. To upload, simply click "create repo," name the repository, and copy the URL into the "Paste a URL" field. If you already have a CSV, JSON, or Excel file on your computer you'd like to turn into a database table, you can drag and drop the file anywhere on bit.io to upload the data to an existing repository or to a new repository.
You can launch a file picker by clicking "choose file" at the top of the page.
Upload Data by URLUpload Data by URL
Upload Data by URL
📘
Table Headers
When uploading data, you can select whether the presence of a table header should be auto-detected, the first row should be used as a table header, or there is no table header. In this case, auto-detection correctly concluded that there was no table header and assigned generic column names.
This results in the creation of a new repository called my-new-repo with a single tabled titled after the CSV: HPI_AT_state. The repository is private by default, meaning other people won't be able to access the data you've uploaded. You can change the repository to public by clicking the lock icon on the upper left and then clicking "public."
Your new repository pageYour new repository page
Your new repository page
With that done, we can start querying the data right away.
Query the Data
Let's start simple and use the in-browser SQL query editor to figure out how many years of data are included in this dataset. We'll use the following SQL query:
SELECT count(DISTINCT column_1)
FROM "<username>/my-new-repo"."HPI_AT_state.csv";
Change <username> to your username to try this yourself. Here's what that looks like in the bit.io editor:
Your first query in the bit.io query editorYour first query in the bit.io query editor
Your first query in the bit.io query editor
❗️
Fully-Qualified Repo Names
As noted in the comments when you access the query editor, repositories must be fully qualified. The full syntax is: "owner/repo"."table". Note, the double quotes around "owner/repo" and around "table" are required whenever the names have special or a mix of upper and lower case.
Your query will not execute successfully if you do not use this fully-qualified table reference form.
More Advanced Queries
Just about anything you can do with PostgreSQL is possible in bit.io, including more sophisticated queries. You're certainly not limited to counting rows!
It sure would be nice if our table had column names. Let's add them. We'll use the following query:
ALTER TABLE "<username>/my-new-repo"."HPI_AT_state.csv"
RENAME COLUMN column_0 TO "state";
ALTER TABLE "<username>/my-new-repo"."HPI_AT_state.csv"
RENAME COLUMN column_1 TO "year";
ALTER TABLE "<username>/my-new-repo"."HPI_AT_state.csv"
RENAME COLUMN column_2 TO "quarter";
Note the double quotes around the new column names. Again, to run this yourself, replace <username> with your bit.io username. Here's what our table looks like now:
Table with new column names.Table with new column names.
Table with new column names.
You might notice that we haven't renamed the last column. That's because you can rename columns without using as SQL at all if you want. Click the little gear icon at the top right of the table (not the one at the top right of the screen, which includes repository options; we're interested in table options for now). From there, you can rename columns, rename the table, or delete the table.
Modify a Table without SQLModify a Table without SQL
Modify a Table without SQL
❗️
Deletions are Permanent
Be careful! Deleting a repo, table, or column is permanent. Make sure you really want to delete it and that you have a backup if necessary.
Add More Data With the API
We can use bit.io's REST API to upload another table of data to our repository. One way to do this is:
curl -i -X POST \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN' \
--header "Content-Disposition: attachment;filename='name'" \
--data-binary @"$PATH_TO_FILE" \
https://import.bit.io/$USERNAME/$REPO_NAME/$TABLE_NAME/
Where
• $TOKEN - an authentication token, which you can get from clicking "Connect" after you've logged in.
• $PATH_TO_FILE - the path to the file you want to upload on your local filesystem,
• $USERNAME - the username of the owner of the repo.
• $REPO_NAME - the name of the repo.
• $TABLE_NAME - the name of the table to upload the data to. If this table does not exist, it will be created.
We'll upload another table from the FHFA: https://www.fhfa.gov/DataTools/Downloads/Documents/HPI/HPI_AT_us_and_census.csv. After downloading the file to our machine, we can push it to the repo with the API as follows:
curl -i -X POST \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN' \
--header "Content-Disposition: attachment;filename='hpi2.csv'" \
--data-binary @"/Users/bitdotio/downloads/hpi2.csv" \
https://import.bit.io/bitdotio/my-new-repo/hpi_census_div
See here for more details on uploading data with the API.
📘
API Keys and PostgreSQL Connection Details
On any repository page, when you're signed in, you can click on the "connect" button on the upper left to access API keys and PostgreSQL connection details.
Getting your API KeyGetting your API Key
Getting your API Key
Downloading Data
You can click the "Download Repo" button to download one or more tables from your repository as CSV, JSON, or Excel files. You can find much more information on downloading tables—and query results—here.
Download repository tables using the "Download Repo" button.Download repository tables using the "Download Repo" button.
Download repository tables using the "Download Repo" button.
Documentation
bit.io offers the capability to document your repositories and tables with an in-browser markdown editor. You can document specific columns, provide citations and license information, and embed images—anything that will help you keep track what your data means or will provide value to other accessing your data (if public).
The neiss repository provides a good example of the capabilities of bit.io's documentation editor:
In-browser documentation editorIn-browser documentation editor
In-browser documentation editor
Connecting to a SQL Client
Thus far, we've only accessed our data through the browser interface. But we can do so much more. Do you have a preferred SQL client? You can connect it to bit.io in the same way as you'd connect to any other PostgreSQL database. The necessary credentials are under the "POSTGRES" section of the "Connect" menu referenced above. Here are some details on connecting via SQL clients: Connecting via SQL Clients.
For example, here's how the bit.io credentials map onto the PostgresSQL connection in PopSQL.
Connecting to SQL ClientsConnecting to SQL Clients
Connecting to SQL Clients
What's next?
After reading this guide, you can upload data to bit.io via the browser or the API; query data using the in-browser query editor or your favorite SQL client; document your data; and modify your tables with the table settings. While this is enough to get started, there's much more you can do with bit.io. You can use a bit.io repository as in your data analyses with R or Python; upload and access your data with the command line tool, and set up automated pipelines to keep your data up to date.
Our documentation also includes a wealth of example projects which serve as great jumping-off points for your own projects. Two great examples are:
Getting Help
Have you run into an issue not covered by these docs? Have an error message you can't decode? Want to give us some feedback? Help is always one click away!
Let us know how we can help!Let us know how we can help!
Let us know how we can help!
Updated 2 months ago
What's Next
This has been a whirlwind tour of the core features of bit.io. There's so much more to explore. Browse through the docs for topics relevant to your use case, or check out some of these articles on popular integrations with bit.io.
Connecting via R with RPostgres
The python SDK
Using bit, the command line tool
Connecting via PowerBI
Getting Started with bit.io
A tour of bit.io's core features
Suggested Edits are limited on API Reference Pages
You can only suggest edits to Markdown body content, but not to the API spec. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Did you know that brass pipe fittings are widely used in plumbing systems? In fact, brass has become the go-to material for many plumbers and homeowners alike. But what makes brass so special? Why is it such a popular choice in plumbing? Let’s delve into the benefits of using brass in plumbing and discover why it plays an essential role in plumbing systems.
Key Takeaways:
• Brass pipe fittings offer numerous benefits in plumbing systems.
• Brass is highly malleable, durable, and versatile.
• Brass fittings are resistant to corrosion and can tolerate high temperatures.
• They provide stability, excellent mechanical function, and require minimal maintenance.
• Choosing brass ensures reliable and long-lasting fixtures for your plumbing system.
The Malleability and Durability of Brass Pipe Fittings
When it comes to plumbing applications, the characteristics of brass make it an ideal choice for a variety of reasons. One of the key advantages of brass pipe fittings is their exceptional malleability. This means that brass can be easily adjusted or twisted to suit the specific requirements of any plumbing system.
Despite its malleability, brass retains its dependability and durability. This is crucial for long-lasting plumbing systems, as brass fittings can withstand years of use without cracking or disintegrating. Whether it’s a residential water line or a commercial plumbing project, brass fittings provide reliable performance and ensure the longevity of the system.
To illustrate the malleability and durability of brass pipe fittings further, here is a table comparing the characteristics of brass, PVC, and copper:
Characteristics Brass PVC Copper
Malleability High Low Medium
Durability Excellent Fair Good
Longevity Extended Limited Extended
As shown in the table above, brass exhibits superior malleability compared to PVC and copper. Additionally, brass pipe fittings offer excellent durability and longevity, ensuring a reliable and long-lasting plumbing system. These characteristics make brass an ideal material for various plumbing applications, especially when strength and flexibility are key considerations.
With its malleability and durability, brass pipe fittings provide plumbing systems with the strength and flexibility they need to withstand the demands of everyday use. In the next section, we will explore the versatility of brass fittings and how they can suit different plumbing requirements.
The Versatility of Brass Pipe Fittings
When it comes to plumbing applications, the versatility of brass pipe fittings is unmatched. With a wide range of shapes, sizes, and widths available, brass fittings can adapt to various plumbing systems and meet the specific requirements of any project. Whether you are working on a residential water line or a large-scale plumbing installation, brass pipe fittings deliver high performance and reliability.
Unlike other materials used in plumbing, such as copper or PVC, brass fittings provide exceptional versatility and adaptability. They can be used in different types of pipes, including copper, PVC, and even galvanized steel, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. This flexibility allows plumbers to choose brass fittings confidently for any project, knowing that they will be compatible with the existing plumbing system.
Another advantage of brass pipe fittings is their suitability for projects with strict specifications. Whether you are working on a complex plumbing design or dealing with specific flow rate requirements, brass fittings can be easily customized to meet your needs. Plumbers can find a vast selection of brass pipe fittings, including various connectors, elbows, tees, and reducers, ensuring that they have the necessary components to build a reliable and efficient plumbing system.
Brass vs. Other Materials in Plumbing
When comparing brass to other materials used in plumbing, such as copper or PVC, it becomes clear that brass offers unique advantages. While copper is known for its excellent heat conductivity, brass combines this feature with its versatility and durability. PVC, on the other hand, may be cheaper, but it lacks the strength and reliability of brass.
Table: Comparing Brass to Other Materials in Plumbing
Material Versatility Durability Heat Conductivity Corrosion Resistance
Brass High High Excellent Excellent
Copper Good High Excellent Good
PVC Limited Fair Poor Excellent
As shown in the table, brass not only offers high versatility and durability, but it also excels in heat conductivity and corrosion resistance. These characteristics make brass pipe fittings an excellent choice for plumbing systems, ensuring long-lasting performance and minimal maintenance requirements. Whether you are a homeowner or a plumber, choosing brass in plumbing projects can provide peace of mind and confidence in the reliability of your plumbing system.
Resistance to Corrosion in Brass Pipe Fittings
One of the key advantages of brass pipe fittings is their high resistance to corrosion. Unlike other metal fittings, brass fittings can withstand corrosive water properties without rusting or deteriorating. This makes them ideal for areas with high corrosive water. Brass fittings ensure the longevity of the plumbing system by resisting wear and tear caused by corrosion.
advantages of brass pipes in plumbing
Brass Pipe Fittings and High-Temperature Tolerance
One of the key advantages of using brass pipes in plumbing systems is their excellent tolerance to high temperatures. Brass, known for its good conductivity of temperature, can withstand higher temperatures compared to other materials, making it the ideal choice for hot water distribution systems.
With its high-temperature tolerance, brass pipe fittings ensure efficient hot water distribution throughout the plumbing system. This not only enhances the performance of the system but also provides reliable and consistent hot water supply to households.
high-temperature tolerance of brass pipe fittings
Brass fittings are designed to withstand the heat generated by hot water, making them a durable and reliable choice. Whether it’s for residential or commercial plumbing projects, brass pipe fittings offer the necessary heat resistance to ensure long-lasting performance.
Advantages of Brass Pipe Fittings in Plumbing Importance of Brass in Plumbing Systems
Excellent tolerance to high temperatures Ensures efficient hot water distribution
Good conductivity of temperature Enhances the overall performance of the system
Can withstand higher temperatures compared to other materials Provides reliable and consistent hot water supply
Designed for durability and reliability Ensures long-lasting performance
Stability and Sturdy Nature of Brass Pipe Fittings
When it comes to plumbing systems, the stability and sturdiness of the materials used are paramount. Brass pipe fittings excel in both these aspects, making them an ideal choice in plumbing applications.
Brass pipe fittings are known for their ability to withstand long periods of use without any breakage or decomposition. This durability ensures that your plumbing system remains intact and functions smoothly over time. Whether it’s residential or commercial plumbing, brass fittings provide the stability you need.
Even in hot water pipes, where other materials may succumb to the heat, brass remains stable. Its ability to handle high temperatures makes brass fittings reliable and long-lasting in plumbing systems. With brass fittings, you can have peace of mind knowing that your pipes will maintain their structural integrity, even under extreme conditions.
Another advantage of using brass pipe fittings is the minimal maintenance they require. Thanks to their sturdy nature, brass fittings can withstand the daily wear and tear of a plumbing system without frequent repairs. This not only saves you time and effort but also contributes to the overall cost-effectiveness of your plumbing installation.
Overall, the stability and sturdy nature of brass pipe fittings are pivotal in ensuring the reliability and durability of your plumbing system. With these fittings, you can have confidence in the long-term performance and functionality of your pipes.
**Table: Advantages of Using Brass Pipe Fittings in Plumbing Systems**
|Advantages|Description|
|—|—|
|Excellent stability|Brass pipe fittings are highly stable and do not break or decompose over time, ensuring the longevity of plumbing systems.|
|Heat resistance|Brass can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for hot water pipes and other applications requiring heat tolerance.|
|Minimal maintenance|Brass fittings require minimal maintenance, reducing overall costs and hassle associated with plumbing system upkeep.|
|Long-lasting durability|Brass fittings have a sturdy nature and can withstand wear and tear, resulting in a long-lasting and reliable plumbing system.|
|Corrosion resistance|Brass is highly resistant to corrosion, ensuring the integrity and functionality of your plumbing over time.|
As shown in the table, brass pipe fittings offer several key advantages in plumbing systems, including excellent stability, heat resistance, minimal maintenance requirements, long-lasting durability, and corrosion resistance. These benefits make brass fittings an excellent choice for any plumbing project, whether it’s for residential, commercial, or industrial applications.
Excellent Mechanical Function of Brass Pipe Fittings
When it comes to plumbing applications, brass pipe fittings shine in terms of their exceptional mechanical function. Brass possesses excellent machinability and ductility, making it an ideal material for connecting pipes of different diameters and directions. Whether you’re dealing with a complex plumbing system or a straightforward installation, brass fittings can be easily designed into various shapes and sizes to accommodate your specific piping needs.
Thanks to its versatility and mechanical functionality, brass remains a top choice for plumbers and homeowners alike. With brass fittings, you can ensure a secure and reliable plumbing system that will stand the test of time.
To further illustrate the mechanical capabilities of brass pipe fittings, take a look at this table:
Advantages Benefits
High machinability Allows for easy customization of fittings
Excellent ductility Enables fittings to withstand pressure and movement without cracking
Adaptability Can connect pipes of different sizes and directions seamlessly
Reliable performance Ensures long-lasting and leak-free plumbing systems
Table: Advantages and benefits of using brass pipe fittings in plumbing applications.
As you can see, brass pipe fittings offer numerous advantages and benefits, making them a preferred choice for various plumbing projects. Their excellent mechanical function, combined with other qualities such as malleability, durability, resistance to corrosion, and high-temperature tolerance, sets brass fittings apart in the world of plumbing.
Next, let’s draw some conclusions and highlight the overall significance of using brass in plumbing systems.
Conclusion
When it comes to plumbing systems, brass pipe fittings are the go-to choice for both professionals and homeowners. The benefits they offer are unmatched, making them an ideal option for reliable and long-lasting fixtures.
One of the key advantages of using brass in plumbing is its excellent malleability. This allows for easy adjustment and twisting to meet specific plumbing requirements. Additionally, brass pipe fittings are highly durable, ensuring they can withstand years of use without cracking or disintegrating.
Another important aspect is the versatility of brass fittings. With a wide range of shapes, sizes, and widths available, they can be used in various plumbing applications, whether it’s a small residential project or a larger-scale endeavor.
Furthermore, brass pipe fittings boast exceptional resistance to corrosion, ensuring they can withstand even the most corrosive water properties without rusting or deteriorating. Additionally, their high-temperature tolerance makes them suitable for hot water distribution systems.
Lastly, the stability and mechanical functionality of brass fittings contribute to their reliability and durability in plumbing systems. Their sturdy nature ensures minimal breakage or decomposition, even under demanding conditions.
In summary, the numerous benefits of brass pipe fittings, including malleability, durability, versatility, resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, stability, and good mechanical function, make them the preferred choice for plumbing projects. By selecting brass in your plumbing system, you can have the peace of mind that comes with reliable and long-lasting fixtures for your home. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Normally, the term “versions” refers to software builds, or software release versions of mobile app binaries.On the Blue Cedar Platform, version refers to all the different instances or variants of an app, such as an imported mobile app binary, a signed binary, or a mobile app binary after a no-code integration step such as adding the BlackBerry SDK
You might have iOS and Android binaries within the same App container, and you can run the App workflow on only one of these binaries at a time if desired. Each of those binaries can have its own software build number (which doesn’t change as the app progresses through the workflow).
The App container as a whole is not versioned. A workflow run produces new binary versions. For example, an unsigned version integrated with the BlackBerry SDK and a signed version integrated with the BlackBerry SDK are both artifacts of the same workflow run.
For example, suppose you have a basic third-party app for business travel that you’ve already run through Blue Cedar’s no-code integration—but now there’s a new build from the app vendor, and you need to re-run your no-code integration on the new build:
• You can upload the new build but still keep the old one, all under the same App grouping. You can run the same workflow on either or both binaries as needed. You might do this to use the same workflow on an older release while testing the newer release.
• Or, you can create a new App with a different workflow and upload the new binary into that App. You might want to do this if you’re changing UEMs or other integration points. A new App container with a different workflow includes independent versions, even if it's created with the same original binary.
See Managing apps and app versions for more information.
Interim app binaries generated as part of a multi-step workflow can be seen under Artifacts for a particular workflow run as described in About individual app binaries. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Where To Start with Engineering and More
Posted on Posted in Pets & Animals
Industry Best Practices for Vacuum Excavation
In the process of digging, there are a lot of techniques in use today. Some of these methods are old-fashioned in nature, but others are modern. On account of drilling companies using these new methods, digging has become easier, faster and safety is more assured than in the past. An example is the vacuum excavation method that uses either water or air in the process. By noting the following practices, you are assured of an efficient excavation.
Where there is soil that is hard-packed and heavy, air is not a good choice as a vacuuming agent. In such cases, hydro excavation, or the use of water is most preferred. In contrast, where the soil might be loose, sandy and with a lot of gravel, dry or air excavation is advised. Safety wise, dry excavation is the better alternative because it will not damage older pipes and brittle electricity wires because it has no water pressure like in hydro excavation.
In the excavation process, the sizes of the vacuuming pumps to be used to store air or water should be noted in relation to the size of the trucks to be used. If the required vacuum power is to be sufficient enough, then the size of the air or water tank must match the size of the pump used. This implies that if you require a lot of vacuum power, both the tank used and the pump should be large. Tanks larger than the normal ones used are going to be needed if both wet and dry methods of excavation are to be applied.
Vacuuming, either wet or dry, is considered safer than older digging methods, but still, safety measures must be adhered to. Proper training on how to handle and operate machines safely should be introduced. Special training for the people going to operate the machines should first take place before they start. Professional training of the workers who are going to work the machines should take place. Workers should be knowledgeable on how to avoid damaging underground utility pipes and power lines. Proper gear and clothing is a necessity for workers. These include hand gloves and dielectric boots.
Digging by using the vacuuming technique is a precise process. Sometimes things do not always go right in the excavation process. Human error or mistakes can make people to identify the excavation site wrongly. Mistakes of this kind may lead to explosions from gas leaks and electrocutions. It is vital that the necessary authorities are contacted to confirm if the intended digging location is the correct one, and provide accurate maps.
The vacuum trucks and the pumps that the drilling company uses to dig should be well maintained. This makes sure the machines perform according to their maximum ability. Though wear and tear is unavoidable in this situation, machines should often be monitored to be on the safe side. Regularly lubricate the machines, placing emphasis on the moving parts. Examine parts like hoses and nozzles. Following these best practices will help ensure efficient vacuum excavation.
Smart Ideas: Experts Revisited
A Beginners Guide To Experts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Port of Bellingham
The Port of Bellingham is a government agency in Bellingham, Whatcom County, Washington, United States which operates two large marinas, port facilities and the Bellingham International Airport, along with other ports in towns such as Blaine. | WIKI |
User:Nagarajappa Hareesha
Nagarajappa Hareesha born on 10th March 1994 in India. He is currently a Ph.D. student under the guidance of Assistant professor Dr. J. G. Manjunatha at the Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, A constituent College of Mangalore University, Madikeri, India. He received his Master's degree in Chemistry from Davanagere University in 2017. His research interests are centered on the development of the electrochemical sensors for the electrocatalytic investigation of biologically active molecules. He published seven international articles related to biosensors and bioactive molecules.
Publications
1. Design of novel Surfactant Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive Investigation of Tyrosine as a Pharmaceutical Drug N Hareesha, JGG Manjunatha, C Raril, G Tigari, Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin 9 (1), 132, 8, 2019.
2. Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Resolution of Tyrosine with Ascorbic Acid through the Development of Electropolymerized Alizarin Sodium Sulfonate Modified Carbon paste electrodes. N Hareesha, JG Manjunatha, C Raril, G Tigari, ChemistrySelect 4 (15), 4559-4567, 7, 2019.
3. Determination of Riboflavin at Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrodes Modified with an Anionic Surfactant G Tigari, JG Manjunatha, C Raril, N Hareesha, ChemistrySelect 4 (7), 2168-2173, 7, 2019.
4. Fabrication of the Tartrazine Voltammetric Sensor Based on Surfactant Modified Carbon Paste Electrode C Raril, JG Manjunatha, G Tigari, N Hareesha, Open Access Journal of Chemistry 2 (4), 21-26, 1, 2018.
5. Surfactant and polymer layered carbon composite electrochemical sensor for the analysis of estriol with ciprofloxacin N Hareesha, JG Manjunatha, Materials Research Innovations, 1-14, 2019.
6. Electrochemical Analysis of Evans Blue by Surfactant Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode BM Amrutha, JG Manjunatha, SA Bhatt, N Hareesha, Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences 10 (7), 668-676, 2019.
7. Electrochemical Determination of Resorcinol with Tartrazine at Non-Ionic Surfactant Modified Graphite Powder and Carbon Nanotube Composite Paste Electrode. G Tigari, JG Manjunatha, C Raril, N Hareesha, Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development 4 (5), 1-5, 2019. Awards
1. Awarded First Rank in Master's degree in the year 2017 in Chemistry by Davanagere University.
2. Getting Inspire Fellowship from DST, Government of India from 2018 to ongoing. Reference links
1. https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=CFfHXkUAAAAJ&hl=en&gmla=AJsN-F7BHXTXm_8eFAIwg1rERWI5kMMG2cu_Uq-SpHO1mWwQYLx1lngUpjOHf-R9LNeKn9KFESo2Gbh6boUqSaSg4GN7dZbHiZ3UwqCNE14hPRSqFdxA4DY
2. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hareesha_Nagarajappa
3. https://www.linkedin.com/in/hareesha-nagarajappa-84b381135/?originalSubdomain=in | WIKI |
Taz Taylor
Taz Taylor may refer to:
* Taz Taylor (motorcyclist) (born 1998), British motorcycle racer
* Taz Taylor (record producer) (born 1992), American record producer | WIKI |
Talk:Jack McManus (gangster)
Dab Hatnote
I'll remove the Hatnote abt the singer, if no article or evidence of notability turns up in the next couple weeks. See Talk:Jack McManus (disambiguation). --Jerzy•t 20:02, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
Sardinia Frank
For anyone interested, there's a short interview with Sardinia Frank in Alfred Henry Lewis' book, The Apaches of New York. The interview captures the way these guys spoke back then...just like in the movies! Currently there's a Google Books preview available. RRskaReb talk 08:56, 7 June 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Person holding a standard sized DisplayPort cable and a mini DisplayPort cable
Hadrian/ShutterStock.com
The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) announced the newest iteration of DisplayPort technology: DisplayPort 2. This new standard will support resolutions up to 16K and use either traditional DisplayPort connectors or USB-C. Expect to get your hands on it in 2022.
What Is DisplayPort?
DisplayPort is the video transfer standard that most people have never heard of. At a basic level, it’s nearly identical to HDMI. The current iteration of DisplayPort can transfer 8K video at 60 hertz and audio to TVs and monitors (HDMI 2.1 supports 10K). It comes in a large and mini form factor (like Mini HDMI). And, like HDMI cables, DisplayPort cables are really cheap.
So, why do people use DisplayPort at all? Well, for one, it’s useful for multiple monitor setups. Unlike HDMI, DisplayPort has a fancy “daisy chain” feature. You can plug one monitor into your computer via DisplayPort, and then run DisplayPort cables from that first monitor to the other screens in your setup. It’s clean, it’s intuitive, and computer professionals and PC gamers love it.
But unless you own a high-end monitor or computer, there’s a good chance that you can’t use DisplayPort at all. Since professionals and gamers usually use it, manufacturers don’t bother installing DisplayPorts in cheap computers, monitors, or TVs. So should you be interested in DisplayPort 2 at all? Is it groundbreaking in any way?
RELATED: HDMI vs DisplayPort vs DVI: Which Port Do You Want On Your New Computer?
DisplayPort 2 Is Future-Proof and Ready for VR
The newest iteration of DisplayPort is, in essence, an upgrade to DisplayPort’s current specs. It’s pretty cut and dry. DisplayPort 2 supports 8K, 10K, and 16K video resolutions with a 60 Hz refresh rate (twice the resolution and bandwidth of current DisplayPort standards). It transfers data at a rate of 77.37 Gbps, and it will have HDR10 support. Plus, all DisplayPort 2 devices will require DSC support, which is a standard for lossless image compression that some manufacturers ignore.
A woman experiencing 4K VR with DisplayPort 2 technology.
franz12/Shutterstock
These specs are impressive on their own. But they’re more impressive when you consider how they may influence virtual reality gaming. DisplayPort 2’s 77.37 Gbps payload delivery is more than ideal for VR gaming, and VESA claims that the upgraded video standard can send 4K 60 Hz video to up to two VR headsets at a time (via the daisy-chaining feature, which is quite naturally a part of DisplayPort 2.)
And, thankfully, DisplayPort 2 is backward compatible with older DisplayPort hardware (the cable shape hasn’t changed). This shouldn’t be an issue for small devices like phones and laptops — USB-C is also fully compatible with DisplayPort 2 (more on that in a second.)
With 16K video and VR-friendly data transfer speeds, DisplayPort 2 looks to be future-proof. It’s possible that we won’t see an upgrade to the video standard for another decade.
RELATED: The State of VR Headsets in 2019: What Should You Buy?
DisplayPort 2 Piggy-Backs on USB-C
If you’ve never bought a DisplayPort cable, you may never buy a DisplayPort 2 cable. This isn’t a knock at the format — it’s actually a sign that VESA knows how to ensure the survival of DisplayPort. While DisplayPort 1 required the DisplayPort connector, DisplayPort 2 can also work over USB-C.
You read that right. VESA is embracing the standard USB-C connector.
A laptop connected to a display via USB-C cable.
Golub Oleskii/Shutterstock
USB-C is set to replace the DisplayPort and HDMI ports on almost all consumer-grade electronics (it’s already the standard on MacBooks). This is possible because USB-C cables support what are called alt modes. This is a little confusing, but every USB-C cable contains four data transfer lanes, and each lane has a bandwidth of 20 Gbps. In alt mode, the direction of these lanes can be altered, so a computer can send data at a rate of 80 Gbps to, say, a monitor.
Sound familiar? The 77.37 Gbps data transfer rate of DisplayPort 2 can fit comfortably in a USB-C alt mode. This doesn’t mean that you’ll need an adapter to connect a USB-C cable to a TV or monitor. It means that your next DisplayPort 2 compatible TV or monitor will have USB-C ports, and you’ll be able to transfer video from any phone or computer to that display via USB-C.
RELATED: USB4: What's Different and Why It Matters
When Will Devices Have DisplayPort 2?
VESA planned for DisplayPort 2 to hit the consumer market in late 2020, but that release has repeatedly been pushed back. Currently, DisplayPort 2 is expected to make an appearance in mid-2022. But really, this transition is all up to computer, phone, TV, and display manufacturers. If a device isn’t built to support DisplayPort 2, then that’s that. A USB-C port along won’t cut it, the internals of the device must be upgraded to the newest DisplayPort standard.
That being said, it’s likely that DisplayPort 2 will come to high-end devices and displays before it comes to $200 laptops and discounted TVs. HDMI 2.1 is capable of handling 10K video, so there isn’t much incentive for manufacturers to immediately abandon the technology for cheap products.
Sources: VESA
Profile Photo for Andrew Heinzman Andrew Heinzman
Andrew Heinzman writes for How-To Geek and Review Geek. Like a jack-of-all-trades, he handles the writing and image editing for a mess of tech news articles, daily deals, product reviews, and complicated explainers.
Read Full Bio »
Profile Photo for Nick Lewis Nick Lewis
Nick Lewis is a staff writer for How-To Geek. He has been using computers for 20 years --- tinkering with everything from the UI to the Windows registry to device firmware. Before How-To Geek, he used Python and C++ as a freelance programmer. In college, Nick made extensive use of Fortran while pursuing a physics degree.
Read Full Bio » | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse by Paul Selver.djvu/63
Rh "You're working too hard."
"Fancy taking it out of yourself like that!"
Finally, on meeting him, they would sigh:
"Whatever is the matter with you?"
Behind his back, Saranin's acquaintances began to make fun of him.
"He's growing downwards."
"He's trying to break the record for smallness."
His wife noticed it somewhat later. Being always in her sight, he grew smaller too gradually for her to see anything. She noticed it by the baggy look of his clothes.
At first she laughed at the queer diminution in size of her husband. Then she began to lose her temper.
"This is going from bad to worse," she said. "And to think that I actually married such a midget."
Soon all his clothes had to be re-made,—all the old ones were dropping off him; his trousers reached his ears, and his hat fell on to his shoulder.
The head porter happened to go into the kitchen.
"What's up here?" he asked the cook, sternly.
"Is that any business of mine?" the plump and comely Matrena was on the point of shouting irascibly, but she remembered just in time and said:
Gougle | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Peer review/NDA (song)/archive1
Source review
Starting this. Ref numbers refer to this version of the article. elias. 🧣 💬reach out to me 📝see my work 07:02, 7 July 2022 (UTC)
Formatting
* Ref 140 is misspelled as Billboardd
* Be consistent with when you wikilink source names (e.g. ref 27 has Billboard wikilinked but 106 and 111 don't)
* Wikilink HotNewHipHop
📝see my work 00:14, 8 July 2022 (UTC)
* E! should be E! Online, though wikilinking to the E! article would be fine
* The Daily Telegraph sources are |url-access=subscription
* Fixed. And about linking consistency - earlier there were much more links in sources, but hence they were removed per Talk:NDA (song)/GA1. inf sai ( talkie? UwU) 16:24, 7 July 2022 (UTC)
* @Infsai - Criteria 2c of our featured article criteria states that citations must be consistently formatted. I see that the reviewer cited WP:OVERLINK (what I presume should be WP:DUPLINK given the context) for that. However, in that very same linking guideline, DUPLINK says that "Citations stand alone in their usage, so there is no problem with repeating the same link in many citations within an article; e.g.." It'd be fine to wikilink, say, Billboard or NME in virtually every citation. elias. 🧣 💬reach out to me
* Please be consistent with spelling source names. I've seen Hotpress also spelled as Hot Press, The Forty-Five spelled as Fourty-Five, and The New York Times spelled as New York Times; scrupulously search the article for more of these
* The MTV Australia source [96] is not yet dead, so it should be |url-status=live
High-quality?
Ref [40] is just a nested source containing refs 37-39, so it hasn't been included here. Ref [60] has been removed by the nom (diff).
* Billboard: has been covering the music industry for quite a while and has an extensive editorial team. Charts are reliable.
* Refs from this source: [27], [72], [103], [104], [105], [106], [109], [110], [111], [122], [123], [140], [151], [152], [165], [166], [167], [168], [170]
* Rolling Stone: is pretty much a household name wrt pop music just like Billboard. Editorial team here.
* Refs from this source: [24], [42], [45], [121], [134], [138], [142], [169]
* [98] is from Rolling Stone India; the publication is run by different folks compared to the "regular" Rolling Stone, but this line at their contact page "For editorial queries, mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>suggests they have editorial oversight, which is good for me. Opinions in the article which are cited to this source are clearly attributed and distinguished from the regular Rolling Stone, so there are no glaring concerns wrt use
* The New York Times, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Sydney Morning Herald, The Irish Times, The Daily Telegraph - newspapers of record; needs no explanation
* Refs from these sources: [4] (Telegraph). [6] (LAT). [37] (IrishTimes). [54], [67] (NYT). [58] (SMH). [63] (WaPo).
* Insider - has an extensive editorial team. Per this RS/P entry, we can rely on them for culture-related topics. Seeing as the article is about a song, which is entertainment/culture, this should be fine
* Refs from this source: [73], [95]
* Gay Times - one of the oldest magazines in Europe that publishes about queer topics; used in the article to cite allegations of "queerbaiting", so this should be appropriate.
* Refs from this source: [9]
* NRJ - radio station; assuming good faith that they're doing due diligence here.
* Refs from this source: [15]
* New Statesman - editorial policy and team here. A newspaper that's been around for a while.
* Refs from this source: [1]
* E! Online - online version of E!, a pretty big cable channel.
* Refs from this source: [2], [93], [129]
* HotNewHipHop - evidence of editorial oversight through staff page.
* Refs from this source: [7]
* Elle - magazine with entertainment as one of its primary topics. Ref 11 is an interview with Eilish herself, and is used to cite a statement she said about herself. Editorial team can be found here.
* Refs from this source: [11], [28]
* The A.V. Club - Editorial oversight evinced here. Used to describe the song for an album review, so this is appropriate.
* Refs from this source: [52]
* Teen Vogue - Under Conde Nast, and is a sister magazine to Vogue which makes me trust them wrt culture topics. This and this suggest editorial oversight.
* Refs from this source: [47]
* Seventeen - This shows their editorial team and lets us know we can contact them, probably for corrections. Indicates oversight.
* Refs from this source: [74]
* Entertainment Weekly - entertainment magazine; WP:RSP greenlit.
* Refs from this source: [76]
* Dazed, DIY - British magazines that focus on music, with print and online versions. Editorial teams from Dazed and DIY.
* Refs from this source: [10], [135] (Dazed), [50], [55], [59] (DIY)
* NME - ditto with Dazed and DIY. Can't find a copy of its editorial team online, but I'm AGF they obviously do. They've been around for a while. It's also used in a shit ton of album/song FAs if that counts for something.
* Refs from this source: [14], [51], [100], [132], [139], [143]
* The Line of Best Fit - like the above three, also a British magazine that focuses on music. Editorial team and ways to contact for errors are listed here.
* Refs from this source: [16], [78]
* Uproxx - their editorial team and guidelines can be seen here.
* Refs from this source: [97]
* Complex - they've been covered by Billboard in this article. The company that runs Complex seems to be a pretty big brand, and the article mentions that an editor-in-chief oversees all the company's editorial operations.
* Refs from this source: [17], [128]
* MTV, MTV Australia - pretty big cable channels; needs no other explanation.
* Refs from these sources: [49],
[18]
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[20]
[21]
[22]
[25]
[26]
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[31]
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[33]
[36]
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Unsure What makes these high-quality sources? If we can't verify editorial oversight or the author's journalism experiences, we might want to replace these with other more reliable sources - though make sure they're citing the same information.
* Hypebeast - [3]
* Hotpress - [5]
* Vox Atl - [8]
* MassLive - [13]
* Removed/replaced [3], [5], [8], and [13] so far. inf sai ( talkie? UwU) 16:30, 7 July 2022 (UTC)
* More Hot Press over at [86], [136]. @Infsai, if you removed [5], please remove these as well
* FarOut - [23], [35]
* Young Hollywood - [30], [43]
* Jenesaispop - [34], [38]
* The Fourty-Five / Forty-Five - [65], [68], [85]
Replace/remove
* The News International - [12]. Not so much concerned about its editorial oversight - they have a writing team and a way to contact them for editorial concerns. My concern is with the use: see spot checks section below.
* Musicnotes.com - [41]. This only shows how to play the song as described in the sheet music, but not necessarily how other folks widely perceive the song. See these prior discussions (1) (2)
Spot checks
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
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[12] - TNI does not give the date of when Eilish posted the announcement on Insta. I think this could be replaced with a Billboard source. Billboard says the song and MV were announced on 7/2, not 7/1.
Misc
TBA | WIKI |
Steve Rattner on the investing landscape after the election
Steven Rattner, chairman of Willett Advisors, the investment arm for former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg's personal and philanthropic assets, sat down with CNBC's Mike Santoli to discuss the investing landscape after the U.S. presidential election. "I think if I were the market, what I might want would be some form of divided government, but one in which stuff actually gets done, as opposed to a divided government in which nothing gets done. I think in terms of investing around it, the market has made it clear that it prefers Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump, which is an unusual choice for the market. But as you watch the market go up and down with the polls, I think that's relatively clear, " said Rattner. "So if Mr. Trump were to win, I think you would see a massive downturn in the market the next day, at this point. If Hillary Clinton wins, probably not that much of an upturn," he added. In this wide-ranging conversation, Rattner, who previously served as counselor to the secretary of the Treasury and led the Obama administration's effort to restructure the automobile industry, also discusses: PRO subscribers can also read the entire transcript of the exclusive interview below. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
What is entity resolution?
Entity Resolution is the task of finding every instance of an entity, such as a customer, across all enterprise systems, applications, and knowledge bases on-premises and in the cloud.
Why is entity resolution important?
In the modern world, the speed and volume of data that businesses must manage has increased exponentially. Because customer data exists in multiple systems and applications across the enterprise, it can be challenging to find all records that pertain to one entity (customer). There may not be a unique identifier within every record that indicates which records from one source correspond to those in other sources. What’s more, fields within records that represent the same entity may have differing information, e.g., one record may have the address misspelled; another record may be missing fields.
An entity resolution approach helps companies make inferences across vast volumes of information in enterprise systems and applications by bringing together records that correspond to the same entity (customer).
The approach contains the following steps:
• Standardization converts data with more than one possible representation into a standard form; e.g., all telephone numbers appear as (xxx) xxx-xxxx.
• Deduplication eliminates redundant copies of repeating data; e.g., duplicate customer records.
• Record matching or linking is the process of identifying records that refer to the same entity across different data sources.
How Precisely can help
Spectrum Discovery is Precisely’s end-to-end solution for data discovery, profiling, and cataloging. With Spectrum Discovery you can:
Entity resolution solutions can help you obtain effective governance and compliance
LEARN MORE
• Find and access necessary data: Spectrum Discovery enables you to connect to disparate databases, accounts, and transactions and identify key data associated with business entities.
• Improve the data quality: Spectrum Discovery Standardizes all forms of data. It also verifies and validates missing information, so you can detect matches even in records with misspellings, nicknames, or cultural variances.
• Match and link records into entities: Once the quality of your data is improved, sophisticated data matching algorithms and capabilities are configurable so you can adjust to your specific use case. The use of unique identifiers makes it easy to correlate, link, and access data on all parties.
Visualize relationships and patterns with the addition of Spectrum Context GraphIts unique visualization of networks, maps, and interested third-parties makes it easy to spot non-obvious relationships so you can detect suspicious activity, consolidate fraud cases, and provide analysts with the information they need to resolve investigations with speed and precision.
The benefits of entity resolution are tremendous, particularly for public sector related to health, transportation, finance, law enforcement, and antiterrorism.
Learn how data matching and entity resolution solutions help you obtain deeper insights, effective governance, and compliance to support your strategic initiatives. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Greek alphabet/archive1
Greek alphabet
Because I'm not a regular on FLCs, I'm not too sure of the "standard" of FALs, but I ran across this article (really a list of the Greek letters) and thought it was comprehensive and formatted nicely. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 00:11, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
* Object References? =Nichalp «Talk»= 08:59, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
* Good point. Must have slipped my mind. :-) I'll see what I can do in finding sources for some of the facts and footnoting them. Thanks! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 20:38, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
* Neutral. Tell me whem you get the references.--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|) 05:45, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
* Object I can't make out, on my browser, which is IE, the little digamma (which I thought looked the same as the capital digamma, although you may be looking for a sigma as used at the end of a word), either capital or little san (which is strange as they both look like the letter M!), either capital or litte qoppa (which I think look alike), and little sampi (which I thought looked like capital sampi). And that's just the sidebar. There are many other bits in the text that don't appear. Shouldn't there be a brief note on the iota subscript and how some ancient Greek words are nowadays deliberately written differently as the Ancients would have written them - for example τιμαω would really have been written as τιμω would it? jguk 18:54, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
* Small digamma: Some rare characters (e.g. lowercase digamma) simply don't appear in many fonts. The Web in general and Wikipedia in particular don't have a good way of dealing with this. Ideally, you'd have some way of including an image when a character was missing from a font, but there isn't any way to do this in HTML/Javascript. And if you do use an image, it doesn't resize correctly when you change font size globally....
* Shape of san: almost no fonts include San. It does in fact look an awful lot like an "M", but I agree that Latin M shouldn't be used to represent it.
* Iota subscript: this is discussed in Polytonic orthography, as it is more a diacritic than a letter. But I agree it should be cross-referenced.
* Differences in Ancient and Modern orthography: this is an article about the alphabet, not about grammar and spelling. The language has evolved over time, and in fact there were dialectal and usage differences in Ancient Greek, too, so that the contraction αω => ω is not a modern/ancient issue.
* --Macrakis 15:00, 2 November 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
LibWindow-1.1
How scaling and positioning works with different approaches
WindowLib is a small library that takes care of standard "windowy" behavior used in the main frames of many addons, and attempts to do so in a smarter way than the average addon author would find time to do.
• Save and restore positions: WindowLib will pick the attach point based on which quadrant of the screen the frame is in: top-left? bottom-right? center?
• Handle window dragging
• Mouse wheel zooming
• Only mouse-enabling the window while Alt is held
Why bother?
Because users change their UI scale. Because users like to copy their addon settings from one computer to another (think desktop vs laptop?).
How scaling and positioning works with different approaches
If you absolutely do not want to use LibWindow, then please use its strategy in your code:
• Save the position in the parent's scale, not the frame's own EffectiveScale. This prevents overlaps and gaps when changing scale.
• Compute the closest screen corner and save relative to your frame's closest corner, i.e. bottomright-to-bottomright, topleft-to-topleft. This prevents things disappearing off screen.
Example code
lwin = LibStub("LibWindow-1.1")
myframe = CreateFrame("Frame")
lwin.RegisterConfig(myframe, self.db.profile)
lwin.RestorePosition(myframe) -- restores scale also
lwin.MakeDraggable(myframe)
lwin.EnableMouseOnAlt(myframe)
lwin.EnableMouseWheelZoom(myframe)
API Documentation
.RegisterConfig(frame, storage[, names])
local lwin = LibStub("LibWindow-1.1")
lwin.RegisterConfig(myframe, self.db.profile)
This call initializes a frame for use with LibWindow, and tells it where configuration data lives. Optionally, you can specify the exact names of the variables that will be saved.
Note that if your addon supports profiles (i.e. changing config data live), you'll need to do a new .RegisterConfig() followed by .RestorePosition() when the profile is changed over.
Arguments
frame
the frame to enable positioning support for
storage
a table to store configuration in
names
''(optional)'' a table specifying which names to use in the storage table - see below
Manual variable naming
The optional last argument to the function is a table containing name mappings and/or a prefix for all variable names.
Example use - manually specify all variable names:
names = {
x = "posx",
y = "posy",
scale = "size",
point = "whereToAttach",
}
Example use - just prefix most names, but hard-code one
names = {
prefix = "myframe", -- names become e.g. "myframex", "myframey"
point = "gluemyframe",
}
.SavePosition(frame)
Computes which quadrant the frame lives in, and saves its position relative to the right corner.
myframe:SetScript("OnDragStop", lwin.SavePosition)
You do not need to call this yourself if you used :MakeDraggable() on the frame.
.RestorePosition(frame)
Restores position and scale from configuration data.
lwin.RestorePosition(myframe)
.SetScale(frame, scale)
Sets the scale of the frame (without causing it to move, of course) and saves it.
lwin.SetScale(myframe, myscale)
.MakeDraggable(frame)
Adds drag handlers to the frame and makes it movable. Positioning information is automatically stored according to :RegisterConfig().
lwin.MakeDraggable(myframe)
• You can of course also handle dragging yourself, in which case you instead call .SavePosition(frame) when dragging is done.
• If you like, you can manually call .OnDragStart(frame) and .OnDragStop(frame) which do the necessary API calls for you + call .SavePosition(frame).
.EnableMouseOnAlt(myframe)
Only mouse-enables the window while [Alt] is held. This lets users click through the window normally.
lwin.EnableMouseOnAlt(myframe)
.EnableMouseWheelScaling(myframe)
Adds mousewheel handlers to the frame, automatically increasing/decreasing scale by 10% per wheel tick and calling .SetScale(myframe) for you.
lwin.EnableMouseWheelScaling(myframe)
You can also manually call .OnMouseWheel(frame,dir). This would be of interest if e.g. your addon already uses the mouse wheel for something. I recommend using ctrl as the modifier key for scaling - it is already in use by other addons.
Notes
On positioning logic
WindowLib will pick the attach point based on which quadrant of the screen the frame is in: top-left? bottom-right? center?
• This means that frames do NOT necessarily stay exactly in place when the UI is resized
• This is a GOOD THING! Much better than static positioning (i.e. frame:GetLeft() * frame:GetEffectiveScale() - which does not do a very good job!)
• Two frames sitting next to each other when the UI is resized, will ''keep'' sitting next to each other with this relative positioning. (For example: Think of how your Bags sit next to each other, regardless of UI scale!)
Adding LibWindow to an existing addon
You will likely have window positioning data saved in your database since before. This data will likely need to be converted before LibWindow will handle it well.
LibWindow remembers position in the parent's scale. BUT: most addons translate to global scale and save that. This is not compatible unless your UIParent is scale 1.0.
Example old code:
function MyAddon:SavePosition(frame)
local p = self.db.profile
p.x = frame:GetLeft() / frame:GetEffectiveScale()
p.y = frame:GetTop() / frame:GetEffectiveScale()
Example code to patch the scale for LibWindow use:
function MyAddon:OnProfileEnable()
local p = self.db.profile
if not p.libwindowed then
p.x = p.x / UIParent:GetScale()
p.y = p.y / UIParent:GetScale()
p.libwindowed = true
end
-- now it's safe to call .RestorePosition()
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Facts
Date created
Nov 13, 2008
Category
Last update
Mar 10, 2013
Development stage
Release
Language
• enUS
License
Public Domain
Curse link
LibWindow-1.1
Reverse relationships
4
Downloads
193,340
Recent files
• R: r11-50200 for 5.2.0 Mar 10, 2013
• R: r10-50001 for 5.0.4 Sep 11, 2012
• R: r9 for 4.3.4 May 26, 2012
• A: r8 for 4.1 May 26, 2012
• B: r6-40100 for 4.1 May 05, 2011
Authors
• Avatar of mikk
• Manager
• Author | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Twistachoo/sandbox
The original Roast Battle is a live show in Los Angeles, CA that is part stand-up comedy and part rap battle. The show was established at the West Hollywood, Los Angeles comedy club, The Comedy Store in 2013 as an alternative to a physical altercation between two comedians. Original and current host of the show, comedian Brian Moses, convinced local comics Josh Martin and Kenny Lion to trash-talk each other on stage in stead of fist-fighting in front of the club. Comedic instigator Terrell "Rell" Battle proclaimed himself the judge, and the show was born. Roast Battle has been running weekly in the "Belly Room" of The Comedy Store every since.
Soon after the show's creation, insult comic, Jeff Ross was invited on as a guest judge, and then as the official "roast advisor", offering the sparring comedians both words of encouragement and disparagement between each of the show's three rounds.
The format (and even logo) for Roast Battle has been duplicated in numerous U.S. cities since it's inception. The Los Angeles show claims creatorship of the format, but does not claim ownership.
Show format
The show currently operates with two different format models, "Undercard" matches and "Main events".
The undercards are for roasters who are new to the scene or new to the show. They run only one round, in a "tit-for-tat" format where each roaster tells one joke about the other, back and forth, until the end of a 60 second round. At the end of an undercard match, the audience chooses the winner based on volume of applause. In the event of an approximate tie, the host will defer to a celebrity guest to make the decision on the match, or will declare an additional round is necessary.
For main event battles, the roasters are typically veterans of the show, or at least veterans of insult comedy. There are (at least) three rounds in a main event. The first is a 60 second "tit-for-tat" round, where the two battlers take turns roasting their opponent, one joke at a time, back and forth, until the bell is rung for that round. The choice on which comic tells the first joke is on a volunteer basis. After the round, the celebrity guest panel of judges then weighs in with their opinions on the round, and typically some insult comedy of their own, culminating with their vote for who won the round. Best of the three votes wins the round. The second round is run as a monologue, with each roaster given a full 30 seconds a piece to tell as many jokes about their opponent as they can, or as they see fit. Again, the celebrity judging panel then gives their input, and votes on the round. The third round of the battle is inevitable because, even if one comic wins both of the first two rounds, the third round is valued with "double points", so a fourth round can be granted with a come-from-behind victory. The third round has gone through a number of variations since the show began but, currently, Round 3 defaults back to the tit-for-tat format. After the third round, the judges again vote on the winner. In the event that a comic comes from behind after being down 2-0, a fourth round is granted. The format for the fourth round is typically up for debate and creativity. In roast battles past, the bonus round has been just one single roast joke from each comic, a full tit-for-tat or monologue round, or even roasting a celebrity guest, such as Too Short.
At the end of every match, regardless of winner or show format, the winner is announced, and their hand raised in victory. And the two roasters always hug on stage. Final comments, jokes and upcoming appearances are offered from the hosts and celebrity guests as the stage is cleared.
Recurring characters
Roast Battle incorporates a number of recurring performers and groups as a supplemental form of comedy and exposition alongside the actual show.
Each week, a new cast of celebrity judges appears in the balcony section of the Belly Room, seeing many repeat judges such as Sarah Silverman, Stephen Rannazzisi, John Mayer, Dave Chapelle, and of course Comedy Central's Roastmaster General, Jeff Ross as the official "Roast Advisor".
There is also a table of two insult comics sitting across the room, stage-side, beneath a sign that reads "Haters Only". The sections has been formerly labeled "House Racist" and even "Whites Only", and is typically occupied by comedian Earl Skakel and one other. The job of the haters is to add "color" commentary between each round and each battle, typically focusing on the ethnic background of the roasters and celebrity guest judges, but not exclusively.
Also, beneath the judges box, there is a "wave" of comedians ready and eager to rush the stage when a huge joke hits, or a terrible joke bombs. Most often, this group of comics is referred to as "The All-Negro Wave", as an opposing force to Skakel's "House Racist". The All-Negro Wave consists of a number of rotating comedians, but some frequent performers include Jamar Neighbors, Willy Hunter, and Jeramiah Watkins. There have also been other racially specific incarnations of the wave, such as "The All-Terrorist Wave" with Iranian comedian Hormoz Rashidi, and "The All-Mexican Wave" with former Roast Battle reigning champion, Frank Castillo.
The first main event battle of the night typically follows a lip sync / stand-up hybrid performance by Comedy Store regular Boon Shakalaka, and some "Ba-ttle! Ba-ttle!" chanting lead by Roast Battle regular Joshua Meyrowitz.
Other recurring acts include musical comedy from Jeff Richards and/or Pat Regan.
Official shows outside of Los Angeles
The Roast Battle format has been unofficially duplicated in cities outside of Los Angeles, CA, such as New Orleans, and Vancouver, but there have also been a few official Roast Battle shows in other cities.
Roast Battle traveled South in July 2014 to the La Jolla Comedy Store. And was also put up at the NYC Comedy Festival in November 2014. The show was part of the official South by Southwest schedule in 2015. And beginning July 10, 2015, Roast Battle has a new official second home, at the New York Comedy Club in Manhattan. | WIKI |
Frequent question: Are different brand oil filters different sizes?
Can an oil filter be a different size?
Oil Filter Size: Why Are Oil Filters Different Sizes? Life tends to offer choices, and this is certainly true when it comes to oil filters. A visit to an automotive store will make it clear that the oil filters on the market range from small to large.
Can I use a different brand oil filter?
Can you use a different size oil filter? You will want to check with your vehicle’s manufacturer to make sure, but typically any automotive filters that are made for modern vehicles can be used with any type of oil.
Will the wrong oil filter fit my car?
Using the wrong oil filter can negatively impact oil pressure. … If the relief valve is damaged, or the wrong filter is used, too much or too little oil can pass into the engine. Using the wrong oil filter may prevent the filter from sealing properly, leading to problems with oil pressure or leaks.
Does the oil filter brand matter?
Filter manufacturers usually make several grades of filters—good, better, best. If you use a mineral oil and change it and your filter on schedule, you don’t need to spend more for a better filter. But if you use a synthetic oil or intend to go longer between oil changes, buy a top-of-the-line name-brand filter.
IT IS AMAZING: How do I know if my fuel filter is leaking?
Are bigger oil filters better?
All things being equal, a larger filter has two key benefits – 1) more oil capacity in the system, which helps extend useful life, and keep temperatures down, 2) more filter area means greater dirt holding capacity and therefore greater filtered flow for longer, before filter media saturation and bypass valve actuation …
Is Wix a good oil filter?
WIX filters feature high quality construction and good oil flow, making them easy to recommend. This is a company that’s been around for a long time, which serves as testament to their quality and durability in terms of both design and construction.
Can you mix different brands of oil same weight?
No. Switching brands is not harmful to your engine as long as you choose an oil marked with the API donut of the same level, e.g., API SN. … You may give up enhanced performance if you switch from synthetic or high mileage to conventional oil. MYTH: When motor oil becomes dark, that means it’s time to change it.
Is OEM oil filter better?
Aftermarket oil filters are usually cheaper than OEM oil filters. However, OEM oil filters actually come out on top when you consider the long term costs. Even the most expensive OEM oil filter is much, much cheaper than a new engine, or any repairs related to premature wear.
Does oil filter size affect oil pressure?
How does the oil filter size affect oil pressure? – Quora. It doesn’t,it only affects oil capacity because the oil pressure is preset by a spring loaded check valve which is fitted into the oil pump,so you might only have to add more oil than normal to the engine ! oil filter size, has nothing to do with oil pressure.
IT IS AMAZING: Best answer: Do air purifiers weaken immune system?
Why are oil filters getting smaller?
Back to size, shorter filters have always been assumed not to last as long as their counterparts. The reason behind this is because they have a shorter surface filter area and can’t filter as much oil as longer ones. A big surface area translates into a bigger contamination holding capacity.
Is hand tightening an oil filter enough?
Oil filters do not need to be too tight. If you can safely unscrew the filter with your hand, requiring only minimal resistance from the tightened position, then your filter has the correct tightness.
How do I know my oil filter size?
Remove the oil filter and drain the oil into a catch pan. Use a ruler to measure the diameter of the screw hole on the old filter. Also, measure the filter threads with a thread gauge, according to metric or SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) thread ratings.
How many microns is a WIX oil filter?
Wix is second to none in filters we all know that. They way this long interval oil change filter works (that’s what it is) is the micron rating is higher (35 micron). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
'Political Risk' by Condoleezza Rice
close Video Rice: I have no argument if Trump pulls out of Iran deal On 'Fox & Friends,' the former secretary of state says the real issue with the Iran nuclear deal is verification. Also, Condoleezza Rice offers advice for President Trump's upcoming summit with Kim Jong Un. From the publisher: The world is changing fast. Political risk-the probability that a political action could significantly impact a company&aposs business-is affecting more businesses in more ways than ever before. A generation ago, political risk mostly involved a handful of industries dealing with governments in a few frontier markets. Today, political risk stems from a widening array of actors, including Twitter users, local officials, activists, terrorists, hackers, and more. The very institutions and laws that were supposed to reduce business uncertainty and risk are often having the opposite effect. In today&aposs globalized world, there are no "safe" bets. BUY THE BOOK Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity POLITICAL RISK investigates and analyzes this evolving landscape, what businesses can do to navigate it, and what all of us can learn about how to better understand and grapple with these rapidly changing global political dynamics. Drawing on lessons from the successes and failures of companies across multiple industries as well as examples from aircraft carrier operations, NASA missions, and other unusual places, POLITICAL RISK offers a first-of-its-kind framework that can be deployed in any organization, from startups to Fortune 500 companies. Organizations that take a serious, systematic approach to political risk management are likely to be surprised less often and recover better. Companies that don&apost get these basics right are more likely to get blindsided. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS
IBSIrritable bowel syndrome* (IBS) is a “syndrome,” meaning a group of symptoms. The most common symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain or discomfort often reported as cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and/or constipation. IBS affects the colon, or large bowel, which is the part of the digestive tract that stores stool.
IBS is not a disease. It's a functional disorder, meaning that the bowel doesn't work, or function, correctly. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, or spastic colon) is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause. In some cases, the symptoms are relieved by bowel movements. Diarrhea or constipation may predominate, or they may alternate (classified as IBS-D, IBS-C or IBS-A, respectively). IBS may begin after an infection (post-infectious, IBS-PI), a stressful life event, or onset of maturity without any other medical indicators.
Understanding Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBS is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In IBS, the structure of the bowel is not abnormal.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common ailments of the bowel (intestines) and affects an estimated 15% of people in the US. The term, irritable bowel, is not a particularly accurate one since it implies that the bowel is responding irritably to normal stimuli, and this may or may not be the case. The several terms used for IBS, including spastic colon, spastic colitis, and mucous colitis, attest to the difficulty of getting a descriptive handle on the ailment. Moreover, each of the other names is itself as problematic as the term IBS.
everal conditions may present as IBS including coeliac disease, fructose malabsorption, mild infections, parasitic infections like giardiasis, several inflammatory bowel diseases, bile acid malabsorption, functional chronic constipation, and chronic functional abdominal pain. In IBS, routine clinical tests yield no abnormalities, although the bowels may be more sensitive to certain stimuli, such as balloon insufflation testing. The exact cause of IBS is unknown. The most common theory is that IBS is a disorder of the interaction between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, although there may also be abnormalities in the gut flora or the immune system.
Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
It is not clear why patients develop IBS. Sometimes it occurs after an infection of the intestines. This is called postinfectious IBS. There may also be other triggers.
The intestine is connected to the brain. Signals go back and forth between the bowel and brain. These signals affect bowel function and symptoms. The nerves can become more active during stress, causing the intestines to be more sensitive and squeeze (contract) more.
IBS can occur at any age, but it often begins in the teen years or early adulthood. It is twice as common in women as in men.
About 1 in 6 people in the U.S. have symptoms of IBS. It is the most common intestinal problem that causes patients to be referred to a bowel specialist (gastroenterologist).
There is research to support IBS being caused by an as-yet undiscovered active infection. Studies have shown that the nonabsorbed antibiotic Rifaximin can provide sustained relief for some IBS patients. While some researchers see this as evidence that IBS is related to an undiscovered agent, others believe IBS patients suffer from overgrowth of intestinal flora and the antibiotics are effective in reducing the overgrowth (known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth). Other researchers have focused on an unrecognized protozoal infection as a cause of IBS as certain protozoal infections occur more frequently in IBS patients. Two of the protozoa investigated have a high prevalence in industrialized countries and infect the bowel, but little is known about them as they are recently emerged pathogens.
Blastocystis is a single-cell organism that has been reported to produce symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea in patients though these reports are contested by some physicians. Studies from research hospitals in various countries have identified high Blastocystis infection rates in IBS patients, with 38% being reported from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 47% reported from the Department of Gastroenterology at Aga Khan University in Pakistan and 18.1% reported from the Institute of Diseases and Public Health at University of Ancona in Italy. Reports from all three groups indicate a Blastocystis prevalence of approximately 7% in non-IBS patients. Researchers have noted that clinical diagnostics fail to identify infection, and Blastocystis may not respond to treatment with common antiprotozoals.
Dientamoeba fragilis is a single-cell organism that produces abdominal pain and diarrhea. Studies have reported a high incidence of infection in developed countries, and symptoms of patients resolve following antibiotic treatment. One study reported on a large group of patients with IBS-like symptoms who were found to be infected with Dientamoeba fragilis, and experienced resolution of symptoms following treatment. Researchers have noted that methods used clinically may fail to detect some Dientamoeba fragilis infections. It is also found in people without IBS.
IBS can be painful. But it does not damage the colon or other parts of the digestive system. IBS does not lead to other health problems.
Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The main symptoms of IBS are
abdominal pain or discomfort in the abdomen, often relieved by or associated with a bowel movement
chronic diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both
Other symptoms are
whitish mucus in the stool
a swollen or bloated abdomen
the feeling that you have not finished a bowel movement
Women with IBS often have more symptoms during their menstrual periods.
Symptoms range from mild to severe. Most people have mild symptoms. Symptoms are different from person to person.
The main symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain, fullness, gas, and bloating that have been present for at least 3 days a month for the last 3 months. The pain and other symptoms will often:
Be reduced or go away after a bowel movement
Occur when there is a change in how often you have bowel movements
People with IBS may switch between constipation and diarrhea, or mostly have one or the other.
People with diarrhea will have frequent, loose, watery stools. They will often have an urgent need to have a bowel movement, which may be hard to control.
Those with constipation will have a hard time passing stool, as well as fewer bowel movements. They will often need to strain and will feel cramps with a bowel movement. Often, they do not release any stool, or only a small amount.
For some people, the symptoms may get worse for a few weeks or a month, and then decrease for a while. For other people, symptoms are present most of the time.
People with IBS may also lose their appetite.Slow transportation of food through the small intestine may be complicated, for example, by bacterial overgrowth. In bacterial overgrowth, gas-producing bacteria that are normally restricted to the colon move up into the small intestine. There, they are exposed to greater amounts of undigested food than in the colon, which they turn into gas. This formation of gas can aggravate bloating and/or abdominal distention and result in increased amounts of flatus (passing gas, or flatulence) and diarrhea.
Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Most of the time, your doctor can diagnose IBS based on your symptoms, with few or no tests. Eating a lactose-free diet for 2 weeks may help the doctor check for a possible lactase deficiency.
There is no test to diagnose IBS. Tests may be done to rule out other problems:
Blood tests to see if you have celiac disease or a low blood count (anemia)
Stool cultures to check for an infection
Some patients will have colonoscopy. During this test, a flexible tube is inserted through the anus to examine the colon. You may need this test if:
Symptoms began later in life (over age 50)
You have symptoms such as weight loss or bloody stools
You have abnormal blood tests (such as a low blood count)
Other disorders that can cause similar symptoms include:
Celiac disease
Colon cancer (cancer rarely causes typical IBS symptoms, unless symptoms such as weight loss, blood in the stools, or abnormal blood tests are also present)
Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBS has no cure, but you can do things to relieve symptoms. Treatment may involve
diet changes
medicine
stress relief
You may have to try a few things to see what works best for you. Your doctor can help you find the right treatment plan.
Woman eating.
Diet Changes
Some foods and drinks make IBS worse.
Foods and drinks that may cause or worsen symptoms include
fatty foods, like french fries
milk products, like cheese or ice cream
chocolate
alcohol
caffeinated drinks, like coffee and some sodas
carbonated drinks, like soda
Coffee, french fries, and ice cream sundae.
These foods may make IBS worse.
To find out which foods are a problem, keep a diary that tracks
what you eat during the day
what symptoms you have
when symptoms occur
what foods always make you feel sick
Woman making list.
Take your notes to the doctor to see if certain foods trigger your symptoms or make them worse. If so, you should avoid eating these foods or eat less of them.
Some foods make IBS better.
Fiber may reduce the constipation associated with IBS because it makes stool soft and easier to pass. However, some people with IBS who have more sensitive nerves may feel a bit more abdominal discomfort after adding more fiber to their diet. Fiber is found in foods such as breads, cereals, beans, fruits, and vegetables.
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms.
Lifestyle changes can help in some cases of IBS. For example, regular exercise and improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety and help relieve bowel symptoms.
Dietary changes can be helpful. However, no specific diet can be recommended for IBS, because the condition differs from one person to another.
The following changes may help:
Avoid foods and drinks that stimulate the intestines (such as caffeine, tea, or colas)
Avoid large meals
Increase fiber in the diet (this may improve constipation but make bloating worse)
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Ferdinand Porsche/Archives/2019
Postwar imprisonment and release
I've expanded the section of the article on this topic, which had previously been a single sentence. I've added four references, mostly from newspaper articles.--2605:E000:87C5:1200:9C43:5080:ECB4:965 (talk) 15:26, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
Austria-Hungaria
Austria-Hungaria did not come to existence before 1867. When Porsche was born in Bohemia, it was part of the Austrian Empire, which was part of the German Confederation. I also suggest to call him german-speaking Bohemian instead of austrian. In my opinion the most precise description for Porsches nationality would be "German-speaking Bohemian in the Austrian Empire.--Malzkorn (talk) 19:37, 8 February 2017 (UTC)
* But Porsche was born in the 1870s. It was Austro-Hungary then, although he was born in a bit that would now be the Czech Republic.
* What does ETHNICITY mean? I know Wikipedia has weeird meanings for common things. He got german citizenship under the nazis but he was still ethnically Bohemian. He was born as an Austro-Hungarian citizen, not German. Riveted Fox (talk) 12:17, 23 September 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Tuesday, April 14, 2015
Generate the list of IP-Addresses using PowerShell Range operator.
main
PowerShell Range Operator.
I was busy in writing my book on "Automating Microsoft Azure with PowerShell" that's why was not able to write blogs in previous months. I am hoping that you guys missed me ;o) . In-case if you didn't missed me, that's fine too..
Yesterday our own "A! Murky Ana" call me late night ( she called me after a long time, and not sure where she was been, anyway...) and asked me that if it s feasible to generate a list of address using PowerShell.
I said , YES, it is feasible, it is just a single line of code to achieve that task. You need to use the "PowerShell Range Operator". PowerShell range operator is mentioned by double dots (..)
The syntax is simple, write the range in which you want to start, this should be integer and then type two dots and the end of the range integer.
For example, if you want to create a range of numbers from 1 to 10, then you just need to type 1..10 and it will generate the list of numbers started from 1 till 10.
1
Now, let's talk about generating IP-Addresses using PowerShell. To generate a range of PowerShell IP-Addresses, we need to use two commands, one the is the range operator, and second is the Foreach-Object , and off course the pipe too, to join both commands.
1..250 | ForEach-Object {"192.168.1.$_"}
RangeOperator
In above command, we are first generating a list of range of numbers from 1-to-250 , and the we are piping the output to the Foreach-Object cmdlet, and in for each script block we are looping through every number, and then Concatenation to 192.168.1.$_ , the $_ variable is replacing by the value of the integer.
Simple... ;o) . No? by using a single line of code, we have generated a list of Ip-Addresses.
Check the video of PowerShell Range Operator
tumblr_njiml4gOlY1rku136o1_500
* All characters appearing in this work are fictitious Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
Regards.
Aman Dhally
If you like, you can follow me on Twitter and Facebook. You can also check my “You Tube channel for PowerShell video tutorials. You can download all of my scripts from “Microsoft TechNet Gallery”.
1 comment:
1. Thank you so much!! This takes care of many, many hours of hand jamming crunch numbers. Awesome!!!
ReplyDelete | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:MrJanitor1
Hi I am User MrJanitor1. I am a huge fan of Family Guy, Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies, and The Simpsons.
Images
250px|thumb|middle| Bugs Bunny Today (restored)
Music
I really enjoy Music especially old rock from the 1964-1981 period. here are some of my favorites You Really Got Me by The Kinks and Van Halen
American Woman by The Guess Who
Good Times, Bad Times by Led Zeppelin
Sports
I am a fair sports fan. Despite me living in Oceanside, New York I only like a certain amount of sports. I am a fan of the New York Knicks, New York Mets, and even though they are not in my city, the 18-1 New England Patriots and the team that is in my state, well, I wouldn't say that a slight fan of the the Super Bowl champions of 2007, NOT THE COLTS. I do not like the NHL but on occasions I will root for the New York Islanders.
YouTube and Dailymotion
I have both YouTube and Dailymotion accounts as well, however, I can't give them away. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sengol
The result was keep__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. There is consensus among established editors that the sceptre has sufficient coverage. New editor and IP keeps were largely discounted in this consideration. (non-admin closure) SWinxy (talk) 04:50, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
Sengol
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Trivial topic that hugely violates WP:NRVE, since there is no pre-2023 source that describes the sceptre as anything beyond a gift presented to Nehru. Can be merged with the Indian Parliament page. SubtleChuckle (talk) 02:26, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. SubtleChuckle (talk) 02:26, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Support to merge: Agreeing with the statement but would reject deletion. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:48, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Support to Keep: I believe that deleting the article is too extreme. A simple disclaimer would be sufficient. This would allow us to keep the article open in case someone comes up with evidence that the item in question was more than just a gift presented to Nehru. Here is an example of a disclaimer that could be added to the article:
* The following article discusses the possibility that the item in question was more than just a gift presented to Nehru. However, there is no concrete evidence to support this claim. The article is presented for informational purposes only.
* By adding a disclaimer, we can keep the article open while still acknowledging the lack of concrete evidence. This would allow us to be transparent about the information that is available and to avoid making any definitive claims. Prateek23021995 (talk) 03:32, 28 May 2023 (UTC) — Prateek23021995 (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
* The problem is that we do not have reliable sources for the 'Background and 1947 ceremony' part, and getting rid of it would mean that 3/4 of the article is gone. If we are to keep this article, there should be no mentions of the rajaji et al story and should just be mentioned as 'XYZ claims that the sengol was ...'. SubtleChuckle (talk) 03:39, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Support to keep.The sources are reliable, even if they came from this year. Less important historical artifacts have their own articles, so there seems no reason for deletion. Jagmanst (talk) 03:20, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* The sources are merely newspaper from 2023 quoting religious establishments and ruling party. How is that reliable? SubtleChuckle (talk) 03:39, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Its not an historic artifact. It was a gift maybe one of the hundreds or thousands received during independence. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:44, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* There are contemporary newspaper sources that confirm that Nehru was given the sceptre by religious people, perhaps one of many gifts/gestures at the time, as pointed out. The story about Mountbatton giving it to Nehru in an official ceremony looks fabricated.
* The artifact seems to have been relatively unimportant one, historically (though important enough to be kept in a museum).However with the current government making it a central part of the new parliament, it has now become a significant object.
* So I suggest article is re-written with accurate facts. The re-branding of an unimportant historical object/event into something more important is interesting in itself. Jagmanst (talk) 04:22, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Agree. The obvious 'stories' that masquerade as facts should be removed, in which case the article becomes small enough that it might well be a subsection of the parliament page.
* SubtleChuckle (talk) 04:42, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep I'm seeing pretty easy WP:GNG compliance here with some of the news sources. WP:NRVE is met from these sources, and I suspect there are some contemporary sources from around the 1947 ceremony, if that happened. There are some wiki sources that need to be replaced and a copyedit needed to smooth over the prose, but that can be fixed. JML1148 (talk | contribs) 04:35, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* The news sources are merely newspaper quoting the ruling party, that isn't reliable. We need some contemporary sources that mention the event as anything beyond the gifting to Nehru, in which case we could keep it.
* SubtleChuckle (talk) 04:40, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* ...but the sources I linked don't quote the Modi government extensively? | This article is pretty critical of it, saying that the 1947 ceremony claim is false. Potentially there is more sourcing to be had about this? I suspect WP:NPOV is the main issue of this article, not notability. JML1148 (talk | contribs) 04:56, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* When you get rid of the fabricated stories present in the article, (those involving Rajaji and Mountbatten), the article becomes trivial enough to be a subsection of either the Sceptre page or the new parliament page. SubtleChuckle (talk) 05:54, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* It doesn't seem to be confirmed that the 1947 ceremony isn't real. WP:NPOV needs to be considered here. JML1148 (talk | contribs) 07:09, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Mountbatten was at Karachi, Pakistan on the claimed time. All the available sources (written in 40s/50s) mentions the event to be taking place at Nehru's residence which clearly proves that it was not a Official/Ceremony. It was merely a gift presented to Nehru by a religious establishment.
* SubtleChuckle (talk) 07:32, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* "And since India had decided to hold its celebrations on the midnight of August 15, it would have been impossible for Mountbatten — who was still Viceroy — to be present in both Karachi and New Delhi on the same day. Mountbatten administered the oath to Jinnah a day earlier in Karachi and then went to India."
* http://tribune.com.pk/story/1160291/pakistan-created-august-14-15/
* SubtleChuckle (talk) 07:37, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* As the story has been claimed by some sources and disputed by others, there appears to be some form of controversy. The section can be reframed to reflect this. JML1148 (talk | contribs) 06:55, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: Satisfies WP:GNG. Covered extensively by various news agencies. Has ample WP:RS. Rasnaboy (talk) 05:34, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: Satisfies WP:RS. Extensively covered by various Newspapers, News channels and News agencies. Satisfies WP:GNG. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:00, 28 May 2023 (UTC) — <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
* Smerge : per WP:NRVE No verifiable source yet (other than a news article’s unverifiable and anecdotal claims) on the authenticity of the current sceptre’s (from Allahabad Museum/Parliament) claimed lineage as being from 1947. Sengol can have a wiki entry but section on 2023 should be removed/edited to include a ‘unverified/contested’ warning. MeowMeow77 (talk) 13:20, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: The topic has been extensively covered by various news agencies. Satisfies both WP:GNG and WP:RS. I think it's an extremely important topic needing it's own page. PadFoot2008 (talk) 02:21, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: I believe there is sufficient SIGCOV to to keep the article. While there might be dubious claims about the origin of the sceptre, now that a Afd has been raised, the supporters of keeping the article have 7 days to find reliable proof.
* To the nominator: I would suggest you now step away from the article and now let the Afd run its course. Your current edits are now bordering on edit warring and being disruptive; the supporters spend more of their edit time replacing content that you remove than actually allowing them time to firm up the article with RS sources. No need to BLUDGEON the article while it goes through the Afd process. I also make the good faith observation that your edits seem very advanced for an account of such a young age. Equine-man (talk) 07:51, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Important historic object and widely covered in news. Has enough number of RS.-Nizil (talk) 07:53, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: Object of historical and current importance, added a reference to TIME's article published on 15th August 1947. Satisfies WP:RS and WP:GNG. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2406:7400:56:2E8B:B441:4A94:CEE3:2A6C (talk) 10:17, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: I do not think deletion of this article is good idea — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tu it to man (talk • contribs) 15:59, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep:Sengol shows remarkable significance presence of South India in India Histor of Independence, It's a symbol of Democracy from very beginning, keeping it far better option rather than deleting a peace of Democracy — Preceding unsigned — Abhishekd189 (talk 18:56, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: Satisfies WP:RS and WP:GNG. Even if Nehru 1947 event has contested claims, the 2023 Modi event is widely reported and well sourced. The New York Times has noted it as an object that has come to encapsulate the meaning of the new Indian Parliament. It is object of historical and current importance, added a reference to NY Times article published on May 28th, 2023.RogerYg (talk) 21:58, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* "At a Hindu prayer ceremony during the inauguration (which also included an interfaith ceremony later), Mr. Modi prostrated himself in front of a scepter, an object that has come to encapsulate the meaning of the new Parliament — a new beginning from an ambitious builder, one determined to shed not just the remnants of India’s colonial past, but also increasingly to replace the secular governance that followed it." — Preceding unsigned comment added by RogerYg (talk • contribs) 21:59, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep: Asking for improvement is fine but this one clearly passes WP:GNG. This The Hindu article is about Sengol as mentioned in ancient Tamil literature. Possibly, a deeper search into history books & journals would reveal more details about it. --Mixmon (talk) 22:55, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep passes WP:GNG and WP:RS.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 06:00, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Did some refactoring but no vote. This should fix the broken reference syntax and some other issues. Sammi Brie (she/her • t • c) 06:19, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Strong Keep:As per abobe discusssionsBlackOrchidd (talk) 06:52, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep subject has received significant attention from independent sources to support a claim of notability. Notability is not temporary; once a topic has been the subject of "significant coverage" in accordance with the general notability guideline, it does not need to have ongoing coverage. RV (talk) 08:38, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* The Sengol is an object that is similar to the Mace of the United States House of Representatives. It may have been treated as a walking stick in the past. But, the current government has installed it as a symbol of parliament's power --PastaMonk 01:15, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
Strong to Keep This is a current event many new generation people don't know the history of Sangol and it is getting current notable media attention for the new Indian parliament. People wanted to know more even what is described here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kaushlendratripathi (talk • contribs) 13:06, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Historic events are not relevant. Currently, this staff is considered as the symbol of parliamentary authority by the elected government of India. For this reason has as much importance as the staff of Parliament in other democratic countries --PastaMonk 15:10, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
* Delete or Merge as per the WP:NOTNEWS policy. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:43, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
* Smerge : per WP:NRVE, evidence not available in history as a devolution ceremony.--Irshadpp (talk) 18:17, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
* Keep Nom has misunderstood WP:NRVE. There is no need for any pre-2023 source to establish notability, since the topic has received more than enough coverage in 2023. Maduant (talk) 20:30, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
* There seems to be a strong consensus to keep the article. When will the decision be made? Jagmanst (talk) 06:55, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Toyota To Shut Down All Production Lines In Japan Amid Supplier System Outage
(RTTNews) - Japanese Automaker Toyota Motor Corp. (TM) is set to shut all their plants in Japan from Tuesday following a computer system glitch suffered at one of its domestic suppliers in a cyberattack, according to local media reports.
The automaker will temporarily shut down all production at 28 production lines in 14 factories in the country. The supplier, Kojima Industries Corp., suspects it may have been hit by a cyberattack. The supplier makes metal, plastic and electronic components.
Toyota was already hit by chip shortages and COVID-19-related disruptions since January and was expecting to grind back to full production soon.
This shut down comes at a time when the automaker was looking to ramp up production and make up for lost production to meet the soaring demand for cars.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Opened 9 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
#3534 enhancement closed fixed (fixed)
allow .tac files to configure logging behavior
Reported by: radix Owned by:
Priority: normal Milestone:
Component: core Keywords:
Cc: Branch: branches/configure-log-observer-in-tacs-3534
branch-diff, diff-cov, branch-cov, buildbot
Author: radix
Description
It would be useful to allow .tac files to configure logging behavior by specifying in the .tac file the observer to be used.
Of course, twistd should also have some sort of user interface for customizing logging behavior, which is being tracked in #638.
Change History (8)
comment:1 Changed 9 years ago by radix
Author: radix
Branch: branches/configure-log-observer-in-tacs-3534
(In [25356]) Branching to 'configure-log-observer-in-tacs-3534'
comment:2 Changed 9 years ago by radix
Keywords: review added
Owner: radix deleted
Ok, here's basically the same branch as in #638 but without the --logger stuff.
Please review.
comment:3 Changed 9 years ago by therve
Keywords: review removed
Owner: set to radix
1. Some flakes:
doc/core/examples/twistd-logging.tac:10: 'sys' imported but unused
twisted/application/app.py:9: 'namedAny' imported but unused
2. In application.xhtml, the example you give is correct, but doesn't bring much against the -l option of twistd. Maybe you could use a DailyLogFile to show an advantage?
3. The twistd-logging.tac example is nice, but it shows bad usage of logging: it doesn't call flush on the log file, and it doesn't use untilConcludes.
4. The example tac file needs to be referenced in examples/index.xhtml
That's it!
comment:5 Changed 9 years ago by radix
Keywords: review added
Owner: radix deleted
Thanks therve.
1. fixed
2. ok, I changed it to use DailyLogFile.
3. Ok, I made it call flush and use untilConcludes on both the write and flush call, and even explained why.
4. fixed, and organized a new Logging section in the example index.
comment:6 Changed 9 years ago by therve
Keywords: review removed
Owner: set to radix
Awesome, please merge.
comment:7 Changed 9 years ago by radix
Resolution: fixed
Status: newclosed
(In [25379]) Merge configure-log-observer-in-tacs-3534
Author: radix Reviewer: therve Fixes: #3534
Now it's possible to specify the log observer used by twistd in a .tac file by setting the ILogObserver component on the application.
comment:8 Changed 6 years ago by <automation>
Owner: radix deleted
Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Portal:Catholic Church/Biography Archive/May 2007
Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus PP. XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI), born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany is the 265th and reigning Pope, the head of the Catholic Church, and as such, Sovereign of the Vatican City State. He was elected on April 19, 2005, in a papal conclave, celebrated his papal inauguration mass on April 24, 2005, and took possession of his cathedral, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, on May 7, 2005. Pope Benedict XVI has both German and Vatican citizenship. He succeeded Pope John Paul II, who died on April 2, 2005. One of the best-known Catholic theologians since the 1950s and a prolific author, Benedict XVI is viewed as a defender of traditional Catholic doctrine and values. He served as a professor at various German universities and was a theological consultant at the Second Vatican Council before becoming Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Cardinal. At the time of his election as Pope, Benedict had been Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (curial heads lose their positions upon the death of a pope) and was Dean of the College of Cardinals.
Read more... | WIKI |
гвоздодёр
Etymology
From.
Noun
* 1) cat's-paw small crowbar with a handle at a right angle to a blade with a V-shaped notch, principally used by carpenters to remove nails | WIKI |
Talk:List of Xam'd: Lost Memories characters
Untitled
Couple questions-
Is the name of the postal vessel Zanbani or is it Zanbari? Was pretty sure it was Zanbani but now I can't remember. JoatOrion seems pretty sure that it's Zanbari, as evidenced by his previous edits, but I don't agree and don't want to get into an edit war with him, so I won't change it. Can anyone cite an episode(s) for the spelling? Edit: Ok, nevermind, looks like Ryulong has confirmed that it is the former spelling, not the latter. I was pretty sure that's what it was.
Also, how exactly did Furuichi get implanted with a hiruko? Was it placed into him by the military through his "special training" or was it implanted, unnoticed, by the earlier bus explosion in the first ep?
-signed Some Random Guy
* It's Zanbani, and Furuichi got his Xam'd in the bus injury N-Denizen (talk) 21:25, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
* I think you meant to say, that's where Furuichi got his hiruko. 22:22, 23 November 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Character Picture showing cast on Zanbani
Although it's a good picture in that it displays a large amount of the show's characters, it's fairly weak in that the characters aren't very detailed, it's fairly colourless and the picture is blurred. It's perfectly ample, but if there is a better way of displaying the characters, it would be worth doing so. N-Denizen (talk) 21:25, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
Kukireika
Is there a reason why she a Xam'd isn't listed? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:52, 1 February 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
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Published: Wednesday, August 18, 2004
Adding Paging Support to the Repeater or DataList with the PagedDataSource Class
By Harrison Enholm
Introduction
When building ASP.NET Web applications, one of the most common tasks is displaying data. ASP.NET offers a bounty of data Web controls that make displaying data a breeze, but the most powerful data Web control - the DataGrid - imposes some limitations on the flexibility of laying out the data on the Web page. Recently I found myself needing a more flexible layout than the DataGrid's rigid column/row orientation, so I decided to go with the Repeater control so I could easily customize the HTML markup emitted.
The Repeater control is great for situations like this, where you need a finer degree of control over the emitted HTML in order to layout the content in a unique or precise manner. One drawback to the Repeater is that it does not have built-in paging capability, a feature the DataGrid offers. Since I would need to display potentially hundreds of records in the catalog, it was essential that I provided paging support for the Repeater.
Fortunately there is a class in the .NET Framework that was designed to provide paged access to a data source. This class, the PagedDataSource class, can be used by either the Repeater or DataGrid to mimic the paging capabilities of the DataGrid. Using the PagedDataSource class you'll have to write a bit more code than you would when using the DataGrid, but the amount and complexity of the code you do have to write is fairly low. In this article we'll examine this class, and see a specific example of how to implement paging with a Repeater control.
- continued -
Paging with the PagedDataSource Class
The PagedDataSource class, found in the System.Web.UI.WebControls namespace, encapsulates the properties needed to enable paging for a control. To implement paging in a control with the PagedDataSource class, you'll need to perform the following steps:
1. Get the data that you want to page through. This can be an array, a DataSet, a DataReader, or any other object that can be assigned to a data Web control's DataSource property.
2. Create the PagedDataSource instance, and assign the data to page through to the PagedDataSource's DataSource property.
3. Set the PagedDataSource class's paging properties, such as setting AllowPaging to True, and setting PageSize (to indicate how many records per page to show).
4. Assign the PagedDataSource instance to the data Web control's DataSource property and call the data Web control's DataBind() method.
Example: Creating a Pageable Repeater
To examine how to use the PagedDataSource class to provide pagination support in a Repeater, let's create a pageable Repeater. First we need to build the HTML content that includes the Repeater control; note that the HTML contains not only a Repeater, but also the paging navigation buttons and a Label indicating the page number. (Notice that the Repeater's ItemTemplate is very simple in this example, and the same output could be possible with a DataGrid; but the concept holds - you could alter the Repeater's markup to allow for a much richer output that would not be possible with the DataGrid.)
<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td> Repeater control with Paging functionality</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <asp:label id="lblCurrentPage" runat="server"></asp:label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <asp:button id="cmdPrev" runat="server" text=" << "></asp:button>
<asp:button id="cmdNext" runat="server" text=" >> "></asp:button></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<asp:repeater id="repeaterItems" runat="server">
<itemtemplate>
<tr>
<td> <b><%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "ItemName") %></b></td>
<td> <b><%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "ItemDescription") %></b></td>
<td> <b><%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "ItemPrice") %></b></td>
<td> <b><%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "ItemInStock") %></b></td>
</tr>
</itemtemplate>
</asp:repeater>
</table>
The HTML for a pageable Repeater can be as simple or as involved as you want. The code, though, is pretty straightforward. The first step is to write the code that will do all of the work of displaying the correct page of data in the Repeater. This is accomplished by first reading in the data to be paged through. For this example, I just created an XML file (Items.xml) containing some sample data; this XML file is available in the code download at the end of this article.
// Read sample item info from XML document into a DataSet
DataSet Items = new DataSet();
Items.ReadXml(MapPath("Items.xml"));
Now that we have the data to page through, we need to create a PagedDataSource instance and specify its DataSource property and other germane properties.
// Populate the repeater control with the Items DataSet
PagedDataSource objPds = new PagedDataSource();
objPds.DataSource = Items.Tables[0].DefaultView;
// Indicate that the data should be paged
objPds.AllowPaging = true;
// Set the number of items you wish to display per page
objPds.PageSize = 3;
The PagedDataSource also has a CurrentPageIndex, which indicates what page of data to display. The following code shows assigning this property. Note that CurrentPageIndex is assigned the value of a page-level property called CurrentPage. We'll discuss this page-level property shortly.
// Set the PagedDataSource's current page
objPds.CurrentPageIndex = CurrentPage - 1;
Finally, we need to enable/disable the navigation buttons depending if we're on the first/last page, as well as update the Label Web control to indicate what page is currently being viewed. We can easily determine if we're on the first/last page using the PagedDataSource's IsFirstPage and IsLastPage properties.
lblCurrentPage.Text = "Page: " + (CurrentPage + 1).ToString() + " of "
+ objPds.PageCount.ToString();
// Disable Prev or Next buttons if necessary
cmdPrev.Enabled = !objPds.IsFirstPage;
cmdNext.Enabled = !objPds.IsLastPage;
Finally, we display the correct page of data by binding the PagedDataSource object to the Repeater.
repeaterItems.DataSource = objPds;
repeaterItems.DataBind();
Examining the CurrentPage Page-Level Property
Back in our earlier code example, we assigned the PagedDataSource object's CurrentPageIndex property to a page-level property called CurrentPage. In order to remember the page of data to display across postbacks, it is important that the page index be maintained in the view state. This page-level property essentially wraps the complexity of reading from / writing to the view state, providing a convenient way to get and set the current page index. Here is the CurrentPage property:
public int CurrentPage
{
get
{
// look for current page in ViewState
object o = this.ViewState["_CurrentPage"];
if (o == null)
return 0; // default page index of 0
else
return (int) o;
}
set
{
this.ViewState["_CurrentPage"] = value;
}
}
Moving Between Pages of Data
To move from one page of data to another, the user visiting the Web page can click the next or previous buttons. These buttons, when clicked, cause a postback, and run server-side code that updates the CurrentPage property and rebinds the data to the Repeater.
private void cmdPrev_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Set viewstate variable to the previous page
CurrentPage -= 1;
// Reload control
ItemsGet();
}
private void cmdNext_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Set viewstate variable to the next page
CurrentPage += 1;
// Reload control
ItemsGet();
}
ItemsGet() is a page-level method (whose code we examined earlier) that contains the code to create the PagedDataSource object and bind it to the Repeater.
Conclusion
As you can see, adding the paging functionality to the Repeater control is fairly simple thanks to the PagedDataSource. You should now be able to create a paging Repeater control that will fit your needs; the lessons learned here can also be applied to adding pagination support to a DataList. Having the ability to page with a Repeater or DataList control will greatly enhance the usefulness of these data Web controls and, hopefully, you will find yourself using these versatile controls more often.
Happy Programming!
• By Harrison Enholm
• Download the complete source code (in a ZIP file)
• View a live demo!
• ASP.NET [1.x] [2.0] | ASPMessageboard.com | ASPFAQs.com | Advertise | Feedback | Author an Article | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Everyday Things That Harm Your Health And What You Can Do About It
Watching Netflix while eating popcorn. Making a tomato canned soup when you're under the weather. Using antiperspirant so you don't smell. Totally harmless every day things...right? Sadly, the answer is no. Each and every one of the things mentioned above are harmful to your health. In this article, we will shed a light on food, habits and products that may be causing damage to your health and how you can empower yourself to make better choices.
FOOD
We live in an era where everything is mass produced to cater to the needs of all individuals. Due to the rise of agricultural development, we no longer have to grow our own food in order to sustain ourselves. If we need food items, we simply go to the grocery store for a plethora of food products from all over the world. This convenience however, comes at a price. In order to mass produce a lot of food, genetically modified organisms were created. It is unclear wether GMOs are safe for consumption. One thing is for sure: our bodies were never made to consume them, and the long term health effects of GMOs are still unknown. Moreover, more than 80% of all genetically modified crops grown worldwide have been engineered for herbicide tolerance. This means that the use of strong herbicides has increased since their existence and the World Health Organization determined that the herbicide glyphosate (the key ingredient in Roundup®, a commonly used herbicide on corn crops) is “probably carcinogenic to humans.”.
Meat and animal products are also a problem. Animals who live on factory farms are often abused and mistreated. Cows in milk factories are artificially inseminated, separated from their offspring after birth, and attached to milking machines in confined spaces for the majority of the day without rest. Being plugged into this machine non stop creates infections on the teats of the cows, which leads to pus that ends up in your milk!. These cows are given antibiotics to fight the infections, which end up in our milk along with the pus.
Fish grown in fish farms also poses a problem. Unlike wild caught fish, these fish are grown in small containers of water filled with antibiotics to make sure they don't get sick from infections. These antibiotics than make their way into our food and compromise our immune system.
Canned foods are also a huge health risk. Not only are cans pumped with sodium surpassing the daily recommended dosage (one cup of canned soup, for instance, could have half your daily allotment of sodium), but they are filled with food preservatives, and harmful chemicals like BPA, which can leech into our food and create hormonal problems.
Habits
Did you know that daily habits may be very harmful to your health too? Things like sitting at a desk for too long, or staring a screen too much can cause harmful health effects. Sitting down for long periods of time increases your risk of chronic health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. Our bodies are made to move, and sitting for 8 hours a day leading a sedentary lifestyle is harmful to you. Mental health in our modern society is also an issue. With the rise of social media apps like Instagram, more and more people are developing body image issues by comparing their bodies to face tuned and photoshopped Instagram models. Protect your mental health by limiting your screen time and social media exposure.
Toxic Products
Have you ever stopped to read the ingredients found in your personal hygiene products? Most shampoos contain harmful chemicals such as sulphates and parabens,. Recent studies have found that sulfates are toxic and carcinogenic Just because a shampoo advertises that it is sulphate free does not mean that it is paraben free and vice versa. Not only should you opt for chemical free shampoos, but also limit how many times you wash your hair (and body if you're brave!). Did you know that when you shower daily, you strip your skin off of good bacteria? If you'd like to preserve your health, opt for 100% natural soaps and shampoos. We're not asking you to stop showering although we do suggest military showers. They are great for the environment, save tons of water, and are better for your health too! And if your personal hygiene routine involves antiperspirant, and you'd like to avoid smelly armpits, opting for natural options like using lemon juice or baking powder on your armpits is a great idea. Commercial anti perspirants might contain aluminium which may increase the risk of breast cancer. They interfere with your body's natural ability to sweat. Don't clog your sweat glands. Let those babies breathe freely!
Your cleaning products are also a health hazard. Things like bleach cause damage to the lungs, and impair lung function. Air fresheners also contain dangerous chemicals that create dangerous compounds when they interact with air. One of these compounds is a dangerous gas called formaldehyde, which are know to cause cancer. These harmful chemicals are not just found in our cleaning supplies. They can come into contact with our food via our containers. Plastic food containers contain harmful products like BPA which can leech into our food, and act as endocrine disruptors. A good alternative is to use stainless steel containers and silicone bags to preserve food instead of plastic bags. Also steer clear of non stick cookware because the chemical Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was used in non-stick Teflon pans up until 2015 and has been linked to many diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver tumors and reduced fertility. Even though stricter regulations are in place, manufacturers are not always transparent about what is in their pans. If you have a non stick pan from before 2015, chances are it is harmful to your health. It is best to get rid of it, and more so if it is scratched.
What did you think of these revelations? Let us know in our social media.
With love and compassion,
Team Karunaki
First photo by Jared Rice on Unsplash
Second photo by Brooke Lark on Unsplash
Third photo by Manan Chhabra on Unsplash
Fourth photo by Daiga Ellaby on Unsplash | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume XIV/Additional Canons 4/Part 19
VI.
The Canonical Epistle of St. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, to St. Letoïus, Bishop of Melitene.
Canon I.
At Easter not only they who are transformed by the grace of the laver, i.e. baptism, but they who are penitents and converts, are to be brought to God, i.e. to the Communion:  for Easter is that Catholic feast in which there is a resurrection from the fall of sin.
Canon II.
They who lapse without any force, so as to deny Christ, or do by choice turn Jews, idolaters, or Manichees, or infidels of any sort, not to be admitted to communion till the hour of death; and if they chance to recover beyond expectation, to return to their penance.  But they who were forced by torments, to do the penance of fornication.
Canon III.
If they who run to conjurers or diviners, do it through unbelief, they shall be treated as they who wilfully lapse, but if through want of sense, and through a vain hope of being relieved under their necessities, they shall be treated as those who lapse through the violence of torment.
Canon IV.
That fornicators be three years wholly ejected from prayer, three years hearers, three years prostrators, and then admitted to communion; but the time of hearing and prostrating may be lessened to them who of their own accord confess, and are earnest penitents.  That this time be doubled in case of adultery, and unlawful lusts, but discretion to be used.
Canon V.
Voluntary murderers shall be nine years ejected out of the church, nine years hearers, nine years prostrators; but every one of these nine years may be reduced to seven or six, or even five, if the penitents be very diligent.  Involuntary murderers to be treated as fornicators, but still with discretion, and allowing the communion on a death-bed, but on condition, that they return to penance if they survive.
Canon VI.
That the Fathers have been too gentle toward the idolatry of covetous persons, in condemning to penance only robbery, digging of graves, and sacrilege, whereas usury and oppression, though under colour of contract, are forbidden by Scripture.  That highwaymen returning to the Church, be treated as murderers.  They that pilfer, and then confess their sin to the priest, are only obliged to amendment, and to be liberal to the poor; and if they have nothing, to labour and give their earnings.
Canon VII.
They who dig into graves, and rake into the ashes and bones of the dead, in order to find some valuable thing buried together with the corpse, (not they who only take some stones belonging to a sepulchre, in order to use them in building) to do the penance of fornicators.
Canon VIII.
He observes that by the law of Moses, sacrilege was punished as murder, and that the guilty person was stoned to death, and thinks the Fathers too gentle, in imposing a shorter penance on sacrilege than adultery. | WIKI |
President Trump again swipes at Puerto Rico in closed door lunch with Republicans
(CNN)President Donald Trump, in a closed door meeting Tuesday with Senate Republicans, again took a swipe at Puerto Rico's fiscal management and the size of its disaster relief in the wake of damaging storms last week -- and he brought a visual aid to try and back up his point, according to senators in the room. Trump, as part of broader remarks that touched on everything from special counsel Robert Mueller's report and health care to trade and North Korea, went out of his way to point out the totals of disaster relief aid that has been distributed in the wake of a series of storms and hurricanes in 2017. It is an issue Trump has had for months -- mentioning Puerto Rico's finances and total disaster relief in negative terms repeatedly in meetings with lawmakers and staff as they've worked through iterations of the next disaster relief bill. "The point was -- are we spending the money wisely?" Sen. Lindsey Graham, a South Carolina Republican asked. "I have nothing against helping the people of Puerto Rico, but we have got to spend the money wisely." Trump, senators said, then utilized a chart to showed the difference between what Puerto Rico has received compared to other states like Texas and Florida. At one point, Trump noted that Puerto Rico has received more than $90 billion in aid. Congressional officials asked about the total mentioned by Trump that didn't track with what Congress has provided in aid up to this point. "He just talked about the sum total of it," Sen. Marco Rubio, a Florida Republican, told reporters of Trump's Puerto Rico riff. "I agree that you should always be accounting for how money is spent, but Puerto Rico certainly has needs that were different than some of these other places," Rubio added, noting the island had been hit by multiple storms and was already in dire financial straits before that damage occurred. Asked for comment on the senators' description of Trump's remarks, the White House responded in a statement. "The Trump Administration is committed to the complete recovery of Puerto Rico. The island has received unprecedented support and is on pace to receive tens of billions of dollars from taxpayers. However, the Trump Administration will not put taxpayers on the hook to correct a decades old spending crisis that has left the island with deep-rooted economic problems." Sen. Richard Shelby, the chairman of the Appropriations Committee, said Trump was "making the point that Puerto Rico has gotten a lot of money before and a lot of it hadn't been spent wisely, and I think that's a given." Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rosselló blasted Trump's reported comments in a lengthy statement, saying they "are below the dignity of a sitting President of the United States. They continue to lack empathy, are irresponsible, regrettable and, above all, unjustified." He said Puerto Rico has spent disaster aid responsibly and suggested that "Trump is receiving misleading information from his own staff." "I invite the President to stop listening to ignorant and completely wrong advice," Rosselló said. "Instead he should come to Puerto Rico to hear firsthand from the people on the ground. I invite him to put all of the resources at his disposal to help Americans in Puerto Rico, like he did for Texas and Alabama. No more, no less." The issue of Puerto Rico -- and the President's stated frustration with what the island has received up to this point -- is coming to a head now as lawmakers work to reach a deal on a disaster relief package. Senate Republicans, who unveiled their own $13.4 billion version Tuesday, include $600 million for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or food stamps, for the island. The Senate voted Tuesday to begin consideration of the bill. But the GOP effort falls short of what House Democrats are pushing for regarding aid to Puerto Rico. "House Democrats oppose this bill because it does not adequately address disaster relief and recovery in Puerto Rico and the territories," Evan Hollander, spokesman for House Appropriations Committee, said of the Senate bill. "If the Senate passes this bill, we will insist on going to conference to ensure that we meet the needs of all Americans." A spokesperson for Republican Sen. Rick Scott of Florida said that the topic of funding for Puerto Rico is an "ongoing conversation" between Trump and Scott. "His view is that we need to get this bill done now since both Florida and Puerto Rico need this funding now," spokesman Chris Hartline said. "The senator is committed to fighting for the people of Puerto Rico in the US Senate. It's why his first floor speech and his first amendment filed was on nutrition assistance funding for Puerto Rico." CNN's Ryan Nobles, Betsy Klein and Jim Acosta contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The New International Encyclopædia/Paul Clifford
PAUL CLIFFORD. A novel by Bulwer-Lytton (1833). It is the story of a chivalrous highwayman in the time of the French Revolution. Paul Clifford, of unknown birth, brought up in evil, is arrested for theft and becomes a highwayman. As Captain Clifford he loves Lucy Brandon, but is brought before her uncle, Judge Brandon, for a robbery. He proves to be
stolen child, is condemned to death by his father, but escapes with Lucy to America. | WIKI |
Sunscreen Lotions and My Skin
17 June, 2020 Arpita Karmakar
Sunscreen lotion and its importance for your skin -
With the onset of summer, the most important shield, Sunscreen has been protecting us from the tortures of the Sun for ages. The product that provides an extra layer to the skin to protect it from ultraviolet rays and maintain its natural color is a sunscreen.Left with no other alternative but facing the Sun, sunscreen is the best remedy as well as precaution to protect our skin.
There are two different types of sunscreens:
Physical blockers are the types which reflect ultraviolet rays from the sun and contain either of the two active ingredients, zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Whereas Chemical blockers are the types that contain chemicals which absorb the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Importance-
-protects skin from harmful UV rays.
-helps decrease the risk of skin cancer.
-prevents premature skin ageing.
-protects the skin from sunburn.
-keeps the skin young.
-helps in even skin tone.
-prevents tanning.
What is SPF-
We have often heard dermatologists talking about SPF and the levels it comes in.The term SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor which provides the level of UVA and UVB protection by the sunscreen. There are different levels of SPF accessible in many different brands like SPF 15, SPF 30, SPF 50 etc.
How to choose the best sunscreen for your skin?
Before choosing a sunscreen, it's very important to know your skin type and choose the one that's best for your skin type. 3MEDS, the best online pharmacy in India points out other important factors that need to be taken care before choosing the best sunscreen for your skin -
• Broad spectrum protection A higher
Sunlight has both harmful UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays cause sunburns and damage the skin’s DNA. Whereas , UVA rays penetrate the skin causing wrinkles and dark spots. So,it's important to always go for a Sunscreen with a broad spectrum which offers protection from both UVA and UVB rays.
• Higher SPF
The next important thing to consider before buying a Sunscreen is to choose a product with an SPF of 30 or higher . A sunscreen with a higher SPF offers more protection from the sun’s harmful rays and eliminates the requirement to apply the sunscreen at regular intervals.
• Water Resistance
A good sunscreen should always be both water and sweat resistant. Ordinary sunscreens which are not water resistant are sticky and need to be re applied at regular intervals.
• Added Zinc and Titanium
A number of other chemicals like avobenzone, oxybenzone, etc present in sunscreens get absorbed by the skin and are extremely harmful. But chemical blockers like zinc oxide, titanium oxide and other zinc based products do not get absorbed in the skin and offer a broad spectrum protection to the skin.
• Go for a trusted brand
It's very important to go for a trusted brand when it comes to choosing the ideal sunscreen for the skin. A good brand product with trusted and proven ingredients will help provide better protection to Sun's harmful rays.
• Expiration date
It's important to buy the freshest possible stock of sunscreen as its ingredients tend to break down very easily with each passing day. Hence the more fresh the sunscreen is , the better the efficacy of it.
Which is the best kind- cream, powder or spray?
Sunscreens which are either sprays or powder are basically mineral-based and contain a number of nanoparticles that may enter the bloodstream and cause various health issues. Hence it's wise to avoid products which are powdery or spray and stick to cream-based alternatives.
Well known sunscreen brands to choose from -
1. Biotique Bio Sandalwood Sunscreen
2. VLCC anti tan Sunscreen Lotion
3. Suncros Sunscreen SPF lotion
4. Soligum SPF 30 lotion
5. Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry Touch Sunblock
6. Lotus Herbals 3-in-1 Sunblock
7. Lakme Sun UV Lotion SPF 50++
8. Aroma Magic Sunscreen Gel SPF 20
You can buy all medicated sunscreens and other health care products at a 23% discounted price from the best medicine delivery app in India
The Bottom Line-
It's important to apply the sunscreen, about 30 minutes before stepping out in the sun even under makeup. It's better to stay indoors when UV radiation is at its highest, that is between 10am and 4pm.Wearing sunglasses or putting a cap or a scarf is essential to protect from the harsh rays of the sun. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Determining the effects of PEI adsorption on the permeability of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate membranes under osmotic stress
Polycations are used for a number of biological applications, including antibiotics and gene therapy. One aspect of the use of polycation gene carriers such as polyethylenemine (PEI) in gene therapy that is not well understood is their ability to escape from the vesicles they are internalized in. Here, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of PEI interaction with endosomal lipids under osmotic stress, we performed investigations using monolayers and vesicles derived from a mixture of neutral and negative lipids (1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), respectively). X-ray reflectivity (XR) and Langmuir trough measurements confirmed PEI adsorption to the negatively charged membrane. Confocal microscopy imaging indicated that PEI adsorption actually increases the overall integrity of the DPPC/BMP vesicle against osmotic stresses while also causing overall deformation and permeabilization of the lipid membrane, thus leading to leakage of contents from the interior of the vesicle. These confocal microscopy observations were also supported by data gathered by dynamic light scattering (DLS)
Scott R. Clark1,2,3, Keel Yong Lee4,5, Hoyoung Lee1, Jawahar Khetan1, Hyun Chang Kim1, Yun Hwa Choi1, Kwanwoo Shin4, You-Yeon Won1,6,7
1School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
2West Lafayette Junior/Senior High School, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
3Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
4Department of Chemistry, and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
5Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
6Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
7Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Kore
Acta Biomaterialia, 2018, 65, pp 317-326
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.027
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.027
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/218
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172
THE JEWISH ENCYCLuri'.DlA
Adam
Some writors wovi- into tlicir vt-rst-s Acrostics consisting not only of their own niinu'S. but of long, continuous
from
piissiiges
word by word
Scripture
introduced
(these are referred toaboveiis textual
A very elabomie instance is Simon b. ('"'"' "'t' seventh day piyut 'Jt-'IL" JJCTI A special kind of acrostic was the of Passover). repetition of the same initial throuirlioiit the comThe "Thousiuid Alephs" of Abraham b. position. Israel Bedcrsi. of Joseph ibn Latiini. and of J. Cohen Zcdek are cases in i)oiut. The alphabetical Jlidnishim. such as the Alphabet of Sirach (pseudonymous), do not beh>ng to Acrostics proper. Acrostics were also employed for JInemonics and for charms. JIauy of these are AuiiUKVi.vTioNS rather " than Acrostics. The oft used cabalistic formula however, a genuine acrostic; the phrase jot." V"lp has a meaning, and the letters forming it are. according to some, the initial letters of the second line of prayer begiiming n33 N3X the early morning Acrostics were very little used in Hebrew as Riddi.ks. As an example, however, of what may be done in this way, witness the following iiuadrujile Hebrew It is a acrostic, attributed to Abraham ibn Ezra. resjionse to a question in ritual law. an<l reads idenAcrostics).
ms
Isjiae's
in the Sixti-entli and Seventeenth Couturies), 1889. In 1891 he edited the " Kis Cyclopedia " at the request of the Alhiiiaum Society. v wrote the tifth and si.vth volumes of S/.ilagyi's "National History of Hungary," pulilished in 189.')-98, on the occasion of the thousandlli anniversjuy of the existence of Hungary. The lifth volume of this work deals with the conditions ])revailing in Hungary after the battle of Mohacs. l.")-,'(i, and the sixth with the reignsof
nomic Conditions
Leopold
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ACSADY, IGNATZ (IGNATIUS): Hungarian hislorian;
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He was educated
Nagy
Ivamly, Septemlii-r.
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and Budajiest, and he began his journalistic
at liebrcczin
career in f8'J as conributor to " Szazadunk," In a political journal. INTO he joined the staff if the "Pesti Kaplo t
I
and
remained
regular contributor. In acknowledgment of his merits as a historian he was elected corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in ISS.S. Ilis researches deal chietiy with the economic life of the and sevensixteenth teenth centuries in Hun,. He has also tried irarv. his hand at writmg novSince 1894 he has taken an active els and dramas. part in the work of the Hungarian Jewish Literary Society as chairman of the eomnnttee on documents. His more imjioriant works are: " Az Altalanos Allamjog es a Politika Torlenete " (The Common State Law and the History of Polities), Budapest, 1875-76, published by the Hungarian Academy; "Zsido es Kem Zsido Magyarok az Emanczipaczio utan " (Jewish and Non-.iewish Hungarians after the Emancipation), 1883; "Az Osztriik Csaszari Czim es >Iagvarorszag " (The Austrian Imperial Title and Hungary), Budapest, 1877: -'Szecliy Maria " (188")); " Magyarorszag Budavar Visszafoglalasji Korilban " (Hungary at the Time of the Reoecupation of Biida), prize essay, 1880; " Magyarorszag Penzugyei I. Ferdinand Alatt " (The Financial Affairs of Hungary under Ferdinand I). 18HS, and " Kozgardaszegi a Lapolsunk XVI. es XVII. Szazadban " (Our Eco.
,
ACTS OF PARLIAMENT RELATING TO THE JEWS OF ENGLAND: The l(ui>lalure England expresses ils will in formal documents as Acts, and thus the recorf the Hi'alm." As Parliament, in the modern sense of the term, had scarcely begun to exist before the Jews were exjielled from England in 1290, there are only a few reteicnees to the Jews
A referin the statutes of the fourteenth century. " ence to them in the Statutes " I)e Mercatoribus (Statutes, i. 100), " I)e Pistoribus" (ib. ^ 2(l2. 203), and the Statute 1 Ed. III., st. 2, c. 3, exhaust the
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M. W.
i-''.
forward and backward, upward and down-
Szlnnyel,
a
after the return of the Jews to England relate to their position with regard to marriage laws, etc., and especially to their legal di.sabililies. The most interesting of these are the two Acts removing and replacing these disabilities during The following the "Xo Jewsl" agitation of I7.53. is a list of the chief Acts of the English Parliament list.
But
many Acts
(including some Acts of the Colonial Parliaments) relating to the Jews: IOiM.-«
A
Jews
7 Will. III., rap. 6. sec. n3.
as man ami wife statute on iiiarriHires.
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1703.— 1 Anne. cap. ;«! (n-peiiled In 1S4«). An Aft tji (itiliiie the .lews U> maintain and provide for their I*rot**stant children.
17tO.— 1:3 (ieo. II., call. 7. An Act fiiriialiirali/inir such rnrciirn
rniti-staiii.s and nthers therein iiifnti'-nci ijiiclu'lmi: .lews) iis jirc scillc.l i.r shall settle in aiiv iif Ilis Miijcslv's cilunies 111 . iiTica. 17.53.— 36 (ieu. II.. cap. 31. An Actto pcnnit jiersHns pnifessing the Jewish religion to he naturalized hv Parliament, etc. 175.3.-2« (iei). II., cap. Si. Ixird Hardnicke's Act fur prevention of clandestine iiiariSeo. 18 e.eini>ls Jewish marriages.) riapes. n.M.— 37 Geo. II., cap. I. An Act to repeal an Act of the twent.y-slxth year of His Majesty's reiirii. intituled. An Act to permit iiersons professing the Jewish religion to be naturalized by I'arlia-
ment, etc. IS20.— Barbados— An Art efinceming the vestry of the nation resident within the island. (For electing
Hebrew
live representatives to settle taxation.) 1823.- (ieo. IV.. cap. 7«. Repealing Lord Hardwicke's Act. (Sec. 31 exeni]iis .I.ws.) 1830.— Oipv of a liill which has recenUy passed the H..iise ..f Assembly In .lamalca. (Repealing the clauses disalililig .lews from iH-lng elected raeni be rsof the Corporation of Kingston.) 1836.- 4 7 Wm. IV.. cap. M. An Act for marriages in England. (Sec. 2. Jews may contract marriage according to Jewish usages, provided that both parties are of the Jewish religion, and that the registrar's certificate has tieen obtained.) 183«.— li i 7 Wm. IV.. cap. 86. An Act for registering births, deaths, and marriages In England. (Sec. :io. The president of the London Committee of Deputies of the British Jews is to certify to the registrar-general the appointment of secretaries of synagogues to act as marriage registrars. 1840.-3 & 4 Vic. cap. 72. An Act to provide for the solemnization of marriages in the (Sec. 5. districts in or near which thi- parties reside. Jews exempted from operation of the Act.) | WIKI |
Page:Notes and Queries - Series 1 - Volume 1.djvu/313
MAR. 9. 1850.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 303
We learn from Wilkins (Concilia, tom. iv. p. 566, ed. Lond. 1737), also from Cardwell (Synodal. pp. 668. 677. 820. ed. Oxon. 1842), and from some other writers, that the care of drawing up a Form of Consecration of Churches, Chapels, and Burial-places, was committed to Bishop Cosin by the Convocation of 1661; which form, when complete, is stated to have been put into the hands of Robert, Bishop of Oxon, Humphrey, Bishop of Sarum, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, and John, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, for revision.
I should feel much obliged if (when you can find space) you would kindly put the query to your correspondents "What has become of this Form?"
There is at Durham a Form of Consecration of Churches, said to be in the hand-writing of Basire; at the end of which the following notes are written:—
As this, however, can hardly be the missing Form of Consecration of Churches, &c, which Cosin himself seems to have drawn up for the Convocation of 1661, but which appears to have been no more heard of from the time when it was referred to the four bishops for revision, the question still remains to be answered—What has become of that Form? Can the MS. by any chance have found its way into the Library of Peterhouse, Cambridge, or into the Chapter Library at Peterborough?—or is any other unpublished MS. of Bishop Cosin's known to exist in either of these, or in any other library?
I am very much indebted to "S. W. S." for the information which he has supplied (No. 232.) relative to ancient wood-cut representations of Luther and Erasmus. As he has mentioned Ulric von Hutten also (for whom I have an especial veneration, on account of his having published Valla's famous Declamatio so early as 1517), perhaps he would have the kindness to state which is supposed to be the best wood-cut likeness of this resolute ("Jacta est alca") man. "S. W.S." speaks of a portrait of him which belongs to the year 1523. I have before me another, which forms the title-page of the Huttenica, issued "ex Ebernburgo," in 1521. This was, I believe, his place of refuge from the consequences which resulted from his annexation of marginal notes to Pope Leo's Bull of the preceding year. In the remarkable wood-cut with which "" commences, the object of which is not immediately apparent, it would seem that "VL." implies a play upon the initial letters of Ulysses and Ulricus. This syllable is put over the head of a person whose neck looks as if it were already the worse from unfortunate proximity to the terrible rock wielded by Polyphemus. I should be glad that "S. W. S." could see some manuscript verses in German, which are at the end of my copy of De Hutten's Conquestio ad Germanos. They appear to have been written by the author in 1520; and, at the conclusion, he has added, "Vale ingrata patria."
Lollius.—Who was the Lollius spoken of by Chaucer in the following passages?
Trophee.—Who or what was "Trophee?" "Saith Trophee" occurs in the Monkes Tale. I believe some MSS. read "for Trophee;" but "saith Trophee" would appear to be the correct rendering; for Lydgate, in the Prologue to his Translation of Boccaccio's Fall of Princes, when enumerating the writings of his "maister Chaucer," tells us, that
Corinna.—Chaucer says somewhere, "I follow Statius first, and then Corinna." Was Corinna in mistake put for Colonna? The
whom Chaucer numbers with "great Omer" and others as bearing up the fame of Troy (House of Fame, b. iii.).
Friday Weather.—The following meteorological proverb is frequently repeated in Devonshire, to denote the variability of the weather on Fridays:
"Aleek" for "alike," a common Devonianism. | WIKI |
Jaguar XJR-5
The Jaguar XJR-5 is a IMSA GTP sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by Group 44 racing for Jaguar with the aim of competing, from 1982, in the IMSA GT Championship. Jaguar XJR-5s contested until 1985, before Jaguar replaced it with the Jaguar XJR-7.
Origins and history
In the late 1970s, CEO John Egan wanted to initiate a racing program to boost sales of the Jaguar which was falling sharply at that historic time, especially in the US market. So he consulted Jaguar executive director in the United States Mike Dale about a car for IMSA's new GTP prototype class and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Bob Tullius and his Group 44 team were contacted after the Triumph TR8 racing program had just ended. The car was designed by Lee Dykstra, together with Max Schenkel and Randy Wittine, who were experts in aerodynamics. The XJR-5 was completed and presented in August 1982.
For the development and design of the vehicle, a computerized system was used together with a scale model used in the wind tunnel to test and design the aerodynamics of the vehicle.
The first victory came with the Group 44 team in 1984 at the Miami Grand Prix.
The engine was a roughly 600hp V12 which propelled the car up to around 230mph. In its first season of the IMSA GT championship, it achieved four race wins.
Wins/Victories
* 1983 500 km of Atlanta
* 1983 3 Hours of Lime Rock
* 1983 6 Hours of Mosport
* 1983 50 miles of Pocono
* 1984 Miami 3 Hours
* 1985 500 km of Atlanta | WIKI |
Talk:Peter Kinder
WP:BLP problems and the infotainment approach to reporting on politicians
I'm sorry, a politician making a pass or going to a stripper bar is not notable. Unless this somehow affected his career, random salicious factoids are for gossip columns, not for encyclopedias. --Wtshymanski (talk) 16:34, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
Kinder the the Penthouse Pet
Referenced material about Kinder and Penthouse Pet keeps getting reverted by the same person (latest example). This story is making enormous news in Missouri and is covered by all daily newspapers. It is particularly relevant since Kinder is expected to run for governor.Americasroof (talk) 19:59, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* BTW if you don't believe try a google http://www.google.com/search?aq=f&hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&btnmeta_news_search=1&q=Peter+Kinder
Americasroof (talk) 20:00, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* I don't understand. Any given night that J. Random Politician is attending at a stripper bar, there's got to be many registered voters also in attendance. Is there a law against stripper bars in Missouri? --Wtshymanski (talk) 21:50, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* WP:Note is very clear on what is notable on Wikipedia and reliable third party coverage is the central tenant. The material is referenced and has received wide publicity even outside Missouri (e.g., The Washington Post). You are deleting because you personally do not think it's notable. That's not the policy. My entry which you deleted included his denial. The story had developed legs. In my edit at least it gave both sides. By deleting it altogeher, it smacks that the article is being censored. Wikipedia is not censored.Americasroof (talk) 02:49, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* It's not censorship, it's just relevancy - what does it matter if he goes to nudie bars? Unless this somehow affects the decisions he makes; presumably his constituents elected him as their representative and are cool with it. It would only be encyclopedia-worthy if his after hours behavior somehow had an influence on politics. --Wtshymanski (talk) 03:36, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* It's your opinion vs. wikipedia policy. Sex scandals are bread and butter of politics (and in this case there's something of a celebrity involved) but you are trying to change the world. I have no idea why you're trying to protect this guy in this manner. The upshot is that you are making it look like censorship. I at least quoted his denial. It will raise flags if it's not in the story.Americasroof (talk) 05:30, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* If sex scandals (what sex, exactly?) are the bread and butter of politics, they are not notable. I just don't see the encyclopediac purpose in rehashing the muck-slinging of any random campaign unless it has a notable outcome. If we could find a third-party commentator saying so-and-so has no hope of being Governor because of the allegations of impropriety during his campaign, that might be suitable for inclusion here. But the parry and thrust of titillating newspaper headlines, without any analysis, is pointless here. We're not writing news, we're writing an encyclopedia. We should try and take a little more long-term point of view as to what is significant in describing a person's life. Reciting the headlines is not enough; we need some analysis as to the significance of the headlines. --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:16, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
Unless something is definitivly proven and it affects his politics, I have to agree with Wtshymanski, I'd have reverted the edits myself if Wtshymanski hadn't beaten me to it. --Skier23 (talk) 16:47, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* This article as currently written is an appalling puff piece almost 100 percent copied word for word from his official biography including a spectacularly long and boring list of "awards." No criticism is permitted of him even though his antics and question about his character have garnered considerable headlines in Missouri and around the country. Check out http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/56457.html (which was written before the Penthouse stuff). A candidate for governor should be open to discussion if the comments come from reputable third party sources. These are all issues that are going to be raised over and over in a campaign. But since Wikipedia is being censored you won't hear about it here. I at least included a quote from him about the matter.Americasroof (talk) 19:14, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* Can we get a documented third-party source commenting on the influence that his behavior has on his campaign? Otherwise we're just repeating the muck slinging, which is not a notable part of any political campaign. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:38, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* Obviously it would be of great encyclopediac value if we could obtain a (GFDL-license) naked picture here. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:22, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Counties in Election
It seems like an irrelevant detail that Kinder carried a high number of counties in the general election- most rural counties are low in population and reliably Republican. The actual percentage margin of victory was relatively small, so the number of carried counties suggests a higher margin of victory than was actually achieved. This is a classic example of the modifiable areal unit problem. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:51, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
* I added that Kinder won by only about 1.5% of the votes cast. —ADavidB 17:15, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
Bias and Puffery
There seems to be a quite a bit of bias and puffery in this article.
Particular examples Dbsseven (talk) 21:49, 1 July 2016 (UTC)
* Accomplishments include extraneous details which support Kinder's political positions.
* In the exotic dancer section critical positions are "alleged" and "claimed", while supportive views are "confirmed".
* Hotel section there is a brief criticism and a disproportionally lengthy justification.
* The Ferguson section appears more as an attack on Nixon than a statement of facts.
* To the extent information is not (or is not reliably) sourced, it may be removed or noted first as needing a citation (e.g. with citation needed). Additionally (and perhaps preferably), if reliably sourced alternative information is available, it should be added. —ADavidB 02:46, 2 July 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130720014459/http://stlbeacon.org/ to https://www.stlbeacon.org/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 16:49, 15 January 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Geoff Gerard
Geoff Gerard (born 10 July 1955) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. An Australia international and New South Wales State of Origin representative forward, he played his club football with Sydney clubs Parramatta, Manly Warringah and Penrith, and also spent time with English clubs Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 828) and Hull FC (Heritage № 806). From the time of his retirement in early 1989 to mid-1994 he held the record for the most career New South Wales Rugby League premiership first-grade games until overtaken by Terry Lamb. He holds the distinction of playing in the most first-grade grand finals (four) without ever winning one.
Background
Born in Sydney, Gerard attended Liverpool Boys High School and played his junior football with Cabramatta Two Blues.
Parramatta
Gerard was a local Parramatta junior and began his career as a with the team in 1974 and, in a disappointing side that only just avoided a third wooden spoon in five years, won the club's rookie of the year award.
Gerard soon shifted to the forwards and his game developed rapidly as the Eels advanced to the 1975 NSWRFL season's finals, and then the Grand Final in 1976. Gerard scored a try in that match but Eadie's wonderful goal-kicking gave Manly-Warringah a narrow win. The following year, Gerard played strongly throughout, and the Eels won the minor premiership for the first time. They went on to make their second consecutive Grand Final against the St. George Dragons which was drawn 9-all, however an aggressive and powerful St. George forward pack was far too much in the replay. The Dragons went on to win the replay 22–0.
1978 saw Gerard begin the most productive period of his career, winning Rugby League Week's 'Player of the Year' award and being selected for the 1978 Kangaroo tour despite not having played for New South Wales. He played in all five Tests in the second row, but did not represent Australia again until 1983. He is listed on the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 518.
Manly-Warringah
In 1981, Gerard shifted to the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and his move to the front row was widely criticized at the time, but he did so well in that role that he was close to selection for his second Kangaroo tour in 1982 despite a below-par performance in the Grand Final. Ultimately he was not selected to tour, but did play one final Test against New Zealand the following year, as well as play in the New South Wales side in the first two State of Origin matches of 1983. He played in both of Manly's Grand Final losses to his former club Parramatta in 1982 and 1983.
Penrith
In 1985, he shifted to the Penrith Panthers and also played for Hull F.C. in 1986–87. Often used as a "fresh reserve" after the NSWRL allowed them for the first time (previously all substitutes had to be players who had played reserve grade the same day), continued to play until 1989. During that year, he re-established himself as a regular member of Penrith's starting pack, and surpassed Bob O'Reilly's first grade record to become the first player to pass the 300 mark (most lists credit him with 303 games but the number is actually much greater because the Penrith club did not count his matches as a replacement player).
Milestones in 1989
* surpassed Bob O'Reilly's record number of first grade games (284, against Newcastle in round four)
* surpassed Max Krilich's record number of games in all grades (against Easts in round twelve)
* became the first player ever to play 300 first grade games (against his former side Parramatta in round eighteen)
Post-playing
In the late 1970s, Gerard was the editor of a rugby league publication called Rugby Leaguer which was a rival publication to the Big League magazine. In 1990 Gerard took over as coach of Penrith's reserve grade side. Despite taking them to the finals for two seasons, he moved to the Metropolitan Cup for 1992 and his time coaching Parramatta's reserves in 1994 and 1995 was disastrous. In 1998 he joined the NSW state selection panel.
Since 2002 the "Geoff Gerard Coach's Award" has been given to the Parramatta Eels' Premier League player of the year. | WIKI |
EU food agency must release glyphosate studies -court
LUXEMBOURG, March 7 (Reuters) - The European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) must disclose details of studies on the toxicity and carcinogenic properties of glyphosate used in pesticides, the European Union’s top court ruled on Thursday. “The public interest in having access to the information relating to emissions into the environment is specifically to know not only what is, or foreseeably will be, released into the environment, but also to understand the way in which the environment could be affected by the emissions in question,” the European Court of Justice said in a statement. Judges annulled two decisions by EFSA that denied access to details of the studies into the substance, which campaigners say causes health dangers and should be banned. Reporting by Alastair Macdonald in Brussels; editing by
Francesco Guarascio | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
1976 Scottish League Cup final
The 1976 Scottish League Cup final was played on 6 November 1976 and was the final of the 31st Scottish League Cup competition. It was contested by Aberdeen and Celtic. Aberdeen won the match 2–1, thanks to goals by Drew Jarvie and Davie Robb. | WIKI |
What Does One Checkmark on WhatsApp Mean
Learn what a single checkmark on WhatsApp means and how it impacts message delivery and communication. Understand the various contexts in which a single checkmark can be seen.
Introduction
WhatsApp, being one of the most popular messaging apps globally, has various symbols that can often confuse users. One common symbol is a single checkmark, which can carry different meanings depending on the context. In this article, we will explore what one checkmark on WhatsApp signifies.
Delivered Message
When you send a message on WhatsApp and see a single checkmark next to it, it means that the message has been successfully delivered to the WhatsApp servers. However, this does not guarantee that the message has been received by the recipient.
Recipient Has Not Read the Message
If the checkmark remains as one, it indicates that the recipient has not yet seen the message. This often happens when the recipient has their notifications turned off or when they are not actively using WhatsApp at that moment.
Connection or Privacy Settings
Sometimes, a single checkmark can also be due to issues with the recipient’s internet connection or WhatsApp’s privacy settings. If the recipient’s phone is offline or has a poor connection, the message may not be delivered promptly.
Examples
• John sent a message to his friend on WhatsApp and saw a single checkmark. His friend had notifications turned off and only noticed the message later.
• Sarah was in a location with weak internet signals, causing a delay in the delivery of messages on WhatsApp.
Case Studies
In a study conducted by WhatsApp, it was found that 70% of users misinterpret the meaning of a single checkmark, often assuming that it indicates the message has been read. This misunderstanding can lead to confusion and miscommunication among users.
Statistics
According to WhatsApp’s data, messages with a single checkmark have a 50% higher chance of being marked as read within the first hour compared to messages with no checkmarks at all. This shows the importance of understanding the message delivery status on WhatsApp.
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Using JavaScript to Style Active Navigation Elements
Published April 28, 2009 by CSS Newbies.
active navigation element
I’m all about efficiency when I’m writing web code. Any time I find myself writing the same functionality more than once or twice, I try to consider whether my repeated code could be wrapped into a function of some sort.
Navigation is often one of those areas where I try to improve my efficiency. I like my navigation elements to pull double duty. I want them to:
1. Show the user where they can go, and
2. Show the user where they currently are.
In other words, I want some sort of visual indication in my navigation that shows my user which section of my site they’re in. You can see this on the CSS Newbie site: if you click on the TOC (Table of Contents) link in the bar at the top of the page, you’ll see that link gets special styling when the table of content loads.
Now, I could manually set this on every page using a CSS class. But that’s inefficient — depending on the size of my site, I could end up writing dozens or hundreds of lines of one-off code. And why go to all that work, when you could just wrap it all up into a nice JavaScript function?
First, I’ll explain the logic behind my functions — because they won’t work equally well for every site. Then I’ll walk you through a few examples of the code that makes it all happen.
The Logic
All of my functions assume a very clean, straightforward directory structure. For example, if you have an About section, a Blog section, and a Contact section on your site, a logical directory structure might be:
/
/about/
/blog/
/contact/
And if you had several blog entries inside your blog directory, your structure might grow like this:
/
/about/
/blog/
/blog/post-one/
/blog/post-two/
/blog/post-three/
/contact/
And therefore, a function could logically assume that anything inside the blog directory should be considered a part of the blog section of your site, and mark the blog link as active for those pages. This makes our job a lot easier. And luckily, most CMS platforms make this sort of directory structure pretty easy to create.
The functions also assume that you have either a fairly shallow directory structure, or that you’re not linking to too many similarly nested directories. What I mean by this is, if you have this sort of a structure:
/
/contact/
/contact/me/
/contact/me/here/
And you wanted to link to both /contact/ and /contact/me/here/ in your navigation bar, you might run into problems distinguishing between the two. There are ways to increase precision, but they come at the cost of flexibility.
But enough of that. Let’s get to the good stuff!
A JavaScript Solution
I’ve written about this method before, when I previously talked about building intelligent navigation bars. This technique is nice because it doesn’t rely on any JS frameworks, so you can add it to older sites without needing jQuery or the like. The basic function looks like this:
function setActive() {
aObj = document.getElementById('nav').getElementsByTagName('a');
for(i=0;i<aObj.length;i++) {
if(document.location.href.indexOf(aObj[i].href)>=0) {
aObj[i].className='active';
}
}
}
This function looks for an element with an id of “nav” (presumably your navigation bar), then looks at each of the anchor tags inside it. It then compares the anchor tag’s href tag with the page’s URL. If the href tag is contained within the URL anywhere, it gives that link a class of “active,” which I can then style specially in my CSS.
As an example of what I mean by all that, if I had an anchor tag in my navigation bar that linked to “/blog/” and the page I was on was “/blog/this-is-a-post.html”, my blog link would be styled as active, because “/blog/” is contained within “/blog/this-is-a-post.html”.
As a final note, you wouldn’t want to call this function until the page was finished loading: if you call it too soon, your links won’t exist yet! So you can either call it at the very end of your document, or dynamically call it when your page is done loading, with something like this:
window.onload = setActive;
A jQuery Solution
If you are already loading a framework like jQuery (like I do on almost every site I work on these days), this sort of functionality could be written even more succinctly. And like I said earlier, I’m a sucker for efficiency. Here’s a jQuery solution that does essentially the same thing in a much smaller space:
$(document).ready(function() {
$('#nav a[href^="/' + location.pathname.split("/")[1] + '"]').addClass('active');
});
This function is making use of both native JavaScript and jQuery tricks to reach a whole new level of brevity. First, the whole thing is wrapped in a “document ready” function, which means it won’t fire until the page is loaded and our links are in place. Next, we’re looking for anchor tags inside our “nav” ID. And really, we’re looking for a very specific anchor tag: one whose href starts with (^=) a slash, followed by a part of our page’s location (location.pathname). Specifically, we’re looking for the first directory in our page’s URL.
We’re doing this by making use of the JavaScript split() method, which lets us take any string (for example, “/blog/this-is-a-post.html”) and break it into an array based on a substring (in our case, the forward slash). If you’re familiar with PHP, it’s similar to the explode() function. In our example, we’d end up with a three-part array that looked like this:
["","blog","this-is-a-post.html"]
Which means that if we look at the second value of our array (arrays start counting at zero, so [1] is the second value), that should give our first-level directory (“blog”, in our example). This lets us match any subsequent child directories with our parent in the navigation bar.
Tweaking for Home Links
Our jQuery function works great in most scenarios, but it fails if you have a “home” link where you’re just pointing to the root directory, like this:
<a href="/">Home</a>
And because I tend to have a link like that, I needed a workaround. Here’s a way to get around that with just a little more code to account for our special case:
$(document).ready(function() {
if(location.pathname != "/") {
$('#nav a[href^="/' + location.pathname.split("/")[1] + '"]').addClass('active');
} else $('#nav a:eq(0)').addClass('active');
});
Here, we’re checking to see if we’re in the root directory. If so, we’re skipping the loop through our anchor tags and just making a specific anchor tag active. In this case, I’m giving the active class to the first anchor in our list (which is the most common location for a home link).
And that’s that. If you know of even more efficient or fool-proof ways to accomplish this task, I’d love to hear about them in the comments section. Or if you’re skilled in a framework other than jQuery, feel free to share the equivalent code!
Note: I apologize for the long gap between articles. I had some problems while rebuilding my PC (DOA motherboard) and was without my computer for several weeks. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Actor Syed Official/sandbox
Syed is a South Indian actor who is well known for his work in the entertainment industry. He has played both antagonist and character roles in numerous movies, and has worked as an Associate Director, Theatre play performer, and Acting trainer. Syed made his debut in the 2011 movie "Rowthiram". He has since appeared in several popular movies including "Idharkuthaane Asaipattai Balakumara", "Kaashmora", "Junga", "Irumbu Tihirai", "Velaikkaran", "Kuppathu Raja", "Sardar", "Selfie" and "Vikram". In addition to his acting career, Syed has also won two Best Actor awards for his work in short films. The first award was received for his role in the 2021 short film "Valarpirai" at the “Kerala Short Film Festival”. The second award was received for his role in the short film "Seeramaippu" at the “Athvikvaruni International Film Festival” in 2022. Syed's contributions to the entertainment industry have made him a respected and sought-after actor in India. His versatility as an actor and his experience as a director and acting trainer have given him a unique perspective on the craft of acting, and he continues to be a valuable member of the South Indian film community. | WIKI |
-- ProMexico Promoted $13 Billion in FDI in 2011
(Corrects to show $13 billion was not Mexico ’s total
foreign direct investment in 2011.) The investment promotion agency
known as ProMexico facilitated $13 billion in foreign direct
investment in 2011, Carlos Guzman, head of the agency, said
during an event in Mexico City today. ProMexico expects to channel $14 billion this year in
foreign direct investment, Guzman said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Adriana Lopez Caraveo in Mexico City at
adrianalopez@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Jonathan Roeder at
jroeder@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Gugubaight Gugubaight - 1 month ago 6
Ruby Question
Rails 4: Model Logic - (Limited Associations)
Is there a way to use a similar command to
.where()
in the Model?
In my instance I want to loop through items but I want to check for a database value first:
User Model:
has_many :purchases
has_many :purchasedtools, through: :purchases, source: :tool #only where "status: "Completed"!
Purchase Model:
belongs_to :user
belongs_to :tool
Tool Model:
belongs_to :user
has_many :purchases
Tools Controller:
def index
@boughttools = current_user.purchasedtools
end
Tool Index View:
- @boughttools.limit(4).each do |tool|
I expect something like:
@boughttools = current_user.purchases.where(status: "Completed", user_id: current_user.id)
.
The only difference is that I need
purchasedtools
instead of
purchases
because I want the actual Tools as source.
Fortunately I can't just change this as is because the db values I check are on the
purchase
table and not on the
tool
table.
Thanks in advance for each answer! Please tell me if you need additional information.
max max
Answer
To add a scope to an association you simply pass a lambda or proc to the association macro:
class User
has_many :purchases
has_many :completed_purchases, ->{ where(status: 'Complete') },
class_name: 'Purchase'
has_many :purchased_tools
through: :completed_purchases
source: :tool
end
Added
A simpler way to do this as noticed by the OP would just be to specify that the condition applies to the join table:
has_many :purchased_tools, -> { where(purchases: {status: "Completed"} ) }
through: :completed_purchases
source: :tool
See Scopes for has_many
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Posted on
How Your Busy Lifestyle if Stuffing Your Gut!
How Your Busy Lifestyle if Stuffing Your Gut!
An Article By Scott Collins Naturopath
It’s no surprise to discover that our nutrition is only as good as what we put into our body and how it’s absorbed. Guess what? Our modern busy lives are F**king things up. You many not want to hear this but if there is any kind of stress, fatigue or even overactive mind our digestive system is most likely under functioning reducing essential nutrient absorption.
Our body are basically in “Flight or Flight” as if there are dinosaurs chasing us, with the truth more likely being bills and life shit. Living in the western world means we’ll need a lot more help getting the best from our food.
The question is what can we do until you can get the theoretical dinosaur off your ass? Well it’s time to get excited, especially if you are looking to get so much more from your nutrition.
What if we could transform foods to make the more valuable to the body and more efficient for our guts to absorb. You may have never heard of the term “Biotransformation” but it’s how we can get more bang for our nutritional buck. It’s process of making a food increasingly more valuable to the body and as the ancients called it “fermentation.
Fermentation has been going on for thousands of years and now through recent research we now understand the process of “Biotransformation”. Researchers argue that fermented foods can positively influence mental health, reduce gut inflammation and reduce oxidative stress and affect our overall well being.
Biotransformation also means that the nutrients become more available akin to being pre-digested (or less effort) required by the body to break it down. The bacteria within the fermentation process are the secret weapon. By feeding on the plants carbohydrate sugars, they are beneficially breaking down the foods for easier nutrient absorption and digestion.
There was time prior to modern refrigeration where approximately 30% of the human diet was complemented by daily consumption of fermented foods. Now it’s sparse and needing a significant boost. Westernization, stress, high sugar, high fat diets are impacting our health and it’s time to go back to basics and give our guts much needed support and beneficial bacteria.
ORGANIC SUPERBIOTIC GRASSES WHY WE FERMENT OUR GRASSES - VEGAN FERMENTED FOODS
Posted on | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
On this day in Tudor history, on the night of 30th/31st May 1533, as part of the celebrations for Queen Anne Boleyn’s coronation, which was scheduled for 1st June, eighteen men were created Knights of the Bath.
What did this mean? What happened in this night-long ceremony?
Find out in today’s talk.
On 29th September 1553, Michaelmas or the Feast of St. Michael and All Angels, Mary I created fifteen1 Knights of the Bath as part of her coronation celebrations.
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath was not officially founded as a Chivalry until 1725 by King George I, however its history dates back centuries before this. It is believed that King Henry IV was the original founder of the Order of the Bath, creating several Knights of the Bath upon his coronation. It is believed that the name of the Order came from the fact that the men who were to be newly created Knights had to wash as a part of purification before they were created Knights. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Cenforce Soft is a widely prescribed medication for erectile dysfunction (ED). Understanding how it works is crucial for those who use it or are considering its use. This article delves into the science behind Cenforce Soft, explaining its mechanism, effectiveness, and proper usage to provide a comprehensive guide.
What is Cenforce Soft?
Cenforce Soft is a medication primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. It is designed to help those who struggle with achieving or maintaining an erection. Available in a chewable form, it is a convenient alternative for those who have difficulty swallowing tablets. Cenforce Soft comes in various dosages, allowing healthcare providers to tailor treatment to individual needs.
The Active Ingredient: Sildenafil Citrate
The primary component of Cenforce Soft is Sildenafil Citrate, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Originally developed for treating cardiovascular issues, Sildenafil was found to have a significant impact on erectile function. Its ability to enhance blood flow makes it an effective treatment for ED, distinguishing it from other medications with similar uses.
Mechanism of Action
Understanding how Cenforce Soft works involves exploring its interaction with the body. Erectile dysfunction often stems from insufficient blood flow to the penis. When a man is sexually aroused, nitric oxide is released in the penis, leading to the production of cyclic guano sine monophosphate (camp). Camps relaxes the smooth muscles and dilates the blood vessels in the penis, facilitating increased blood flow and resulting in an erection.
However, PDE5, an enzyme found in the penile tissue, breaks down camp, which can hinder the ability to maintain an erection. Sildenafil Citrate in Cenforce Soft inhibits PDE5, thereby preserving camp levels. This prolongs the relaxation of the smooth muscles and sustains the blood flow necessary for an erection.
Absorption and Onset of Action
Cenforce Soft's chewable form allows for faster absorption compared to traditional tablets. After ingestion, it quickly dissolves in the mouth, bypassing the digestive process that slows down absorption. Typically, Cenforce Soft begins to work within 15 to 30 minutes. Factors such as individual metabolism, the presence of food in the stomach, and overall health can influence the onset of action.
Duration of Effect
The effects of Cenforce Soft generally last for 4 to 6 hours, providing a significant window for sexual activity. However, the duration can vary based on several factors, including age, metabolism, and dosage. For optimal results, it’s advisable to avoid heavy or fatty meals before taking Cenforce Soft, as these can delay absorption and reduce effectiveness.
Usage Instructions
Proper usage of Cenforce Soft is essential for maximizing its benefits and minimizing potential side effects. The recommended starting dose is typically 50 mg, taken as needed about 30 minutes before sexual activity. Depending on efficacy and tolerability, the dose can be adjusted to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg. It’s crucial to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and not exceed the prescribed dose.
Common side effects include headaches, flushing, indigestion, and nasal congestion. These are usually mild and temporary. Drinking plenty of water and avoiding alcohol can help manage these side effects.
Who Should Not Take Cenforce Soft?
Cenforce Soft is not suitable for everyone. It should not be taken by individuals who are allergic to Sildenafil or any other components of the medication. Those using nitrates for chest pain or other heart conditions should avoid Cenforce Soft, as the combination can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Additionally, individuals with severe heart or liver problems, recent stroke or heart attack, or those with certain rare inherited eye diseases should consult their healthcare provider before using this medication.
Scientific Studies and Clinical Trials
Numerous studies have validated the efficacy and safety of Sildenafil Citrate in treating erectile dysfunction. Clinical trials have shown that men taking Sildenafil experienced significant improvements in erectile function compared to those taking a placebo. These studies also indicate a high degree of safety, with adverse effects being generally mild and well-tolerated.
Patient testimonials further reinforce the effectiveness of Cenforce Soft. Many users report increased confidence and improved quality of life as a result of successful treatment. These real-world experiences align with the findings of clinical research, highlighting the reliability of Cenforce Soft as a treatment option.
Conclusion
Cenforce Soft is a scientifically backed, effective treatment for erectile dysfunction. Its active ingredient, Sildenafil Citrate, works by enhancing blood flow to the penis, enabling men to achieve and maintain erections. Understanding how Cenforce Soft works and following proper usage guidelines can help users maximize its benefits. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new medication to ensure it’s appropriate for your health needs.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Naturopathic physicians are actually individuals who engage in alternative medicine and also make use of weeds as well as other all-natural materials for the diagnosis as well as treatment of sickness. Homeopathy is actually an alternative procedure of medical strategy made use of through various kinds of doctors. It differs from conventional medication because it relies on the guideline that “like addresses like.” This indicates that if you have a signs and symptom that is identical to another symptom suffered through someone along with the exact same disorder, it is very most likely that you will certainly additionally have to deal with that illness. Therefore, all signs of your problem may aim in the direction of the presence of that ailment. homeopathic doctors
Lots of naturopathic professionals are individual contractors as well as for that reason constructing a patient checklist may be challenging. Nevertheless, a lot of doctors can call for higher wages and also, although hours may be sporadic and also long, most of doctors have the ability to earn a living performing what they love. Physicians who function in the conventional medical community might need to perform limited quantities of health care office work in the course of their work full week, yet overtime hrs are actually not inconceivable. For these explanations, holistic medical professionals are actually extremely searched for through lots of health care specialists.
Many medical professionals who practice allopathy, alternatively, observe individuals who have to use medicines for life. Allopathy is actually based on a belief unit that says that conditions are triggered by an interruption in the equilibriums of energy in the physical body. As a result, any kind of interference in this power field, whether with medicine or surgical operation, are going to likely create the condition to reappear. This view has actually been technically confirmed, however homeopathic medication functions in a different way. Rather than counting on a disturbance of electricity to induce disease, homeopathic medical professionals view indicators as clues that something mistakes within the body.
The expert simply creates recommendations to the client such as taking specific nutritional supplements, or using specific naturopathic remedies. Medical professionals may simply make physical treatment a component of a healthy way of life, as well as homeopaths work in the direction of preserving an optimal harmony in between the physical body, character, and also thoughts.
Naturopathic medical professionals take a fully various strategy to managing illnesses than perform conventional physicians. Typical medication commonly suggests medicine and commonly follows up with treatments to clear the body system of whatever condition it is actually that is actually causing the client’s distress.
A latest research by a worldwide online survey confirmed that a lot of natural medical professionals acknowledge that injections are better conducted in combination with complementary medication, such as homeopathy. Of those checked, 70 percent disclosed that they had actually switched their inoculations coming from just before to after consulting with a homeopathic medical professional.
On the contrary, a lot of physicians appreciate the alternate medication approach, seeing it as an appealing ways to get closer to the root of a client’s illness, somewhat than simply decreasing signs. For this main reason, lots of holistic doctors favor to stay with the extra conventional forms of procedure, while informing people on different medication and also on the security of shots.
In the scenario of natural medicines, the drugs that are used to make the remedy are specific, as well as they may certainly not be actually replaced with any other compounds. With all of these high qualities, homeopathic medicines supply a distinctive benefit over traditional allopathic medications, which may often be more harmful than helpful.
How many clinical physicians strategy homeopathy? There are a lot of instances of physicians performing homeopathy.
What is actually the drawback? Homeopathy performs certainly not depend on any type of cement evidence. It is actually based upon intuitiveness and also theory. Therefore exactly how can naturopathic physicians distinguish between true signs of a health condition as well as the signs one will expect to find if that ailment existed in reality?
The solution depends on the attributes of the symptoms experienced through a person and also the standard character of the ailment. When you see a holistic medical professional he will definitely look for certain identifiable qualities. The first is that the signs being actually experienced are actually none that will be actually expected to become observed in a physical exam. This creates the prognosis much easier.
Next, naturopathic physicians will definitely want to eliminate the option of any kind of rooting mental disease, especially dependencies, because addictions can cause serious illnesses. They will certainly additionally look at whether the person is experiencing muscular or even stressed ache, tingling, speech problems, or reduced eyesight. The doctor will certainly also look for the classic indicators of significant illnesses, like high temperature, chills, throwing up, looseness of the bowels, irregular bowel movements, as well as excessive sweating. In the case of significant ailments like those pointed out, blood pressures may end up being dangerously raised. These disorders are certainly not traditional of a chilly or even flu, and also are taken into consideration distinct to the flu. Homeopathic physicians will take into consideration the probability of mental sickness like anxiety or even depression. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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How To Deal With Food Cravings During PMS and Periods!
Beat Share 645 beats 13753 views
If you have noticed certain food cravings hitting you just before and during your periods, you’re right on track with this article! The reasons why you might suddenly crave for chocolates, pizza or any specific food when the PMS pangs strike is because your body is changing for the process of menstruation and needs different nutrients that are present in these foods. So when you crave pasta or pizza, your body is acting out and asking for more carbs!
Research done by Suzanne Fenske, M.D., assistant professor of obstetrics, gynaecology, and reproductive Science at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai suggests that endogenous opioid peptides, or EOPs, amino acid bonds present in your body are to blame. When you’re going through PMS or pregnancy, the levels of EOPs rise considerably in your body and are correlated to these sudden urges to eat random foods.
While it’s okay to have cravings and humour your body, it is important to look after your health and eat right as well. Remember, there is a fine line between indulging yourself and adding unnecessary kilos; you don’t want to become sluggish and inactive! The following tips will help you stay fit and healthy while tackling food cravings during your periods!
1. Moderation: Giving your body the foods it craves can be gratifying, but when it comes to the pangs for junk food, you are advised to control the amount you eat to remain healthy and not gain unhealthy fats or cholesterol.
2. Regular Exercise: Make sure you get plenty of exercises to burn off fats and stay energetic. Exercise will also help regulate your hormones better and keep extreme levels of cravings at bay.
3. Understand Your Body’s Needs Better: Observe the patterns of cravings and understand what your body is asking from you. Eat healthier throughout the month to keep all the nutrition levels optimal.
4. Health Supplements: Consider taking extra health supplements if you think your body hasn’t been getting the regular levels of vitamins and nutrients it needs to keep you healthy. You can get your blood tested and find out what your bodyis deficient in to get started.
Also, now you can track your menstrual cycle and add your daily activities on Medicalwale.com
So download the app now!
Written by-
Shivani Sharma | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jorge Vergara
Jorge Carlos Vergara Madrigal (3 March 1955 – 15 November 2019) was a Mexican businessman and film producer. He was the founder of the multi-level marketing company Grupo Omnilife. In addition to its health products business, Grupo Omnilife owns the football club C.D. Guadalajara. Vergara was also owner of Costa Rican football team Saprissa (2003–2011) and Major League Soccer club Chivas USA (2004–2014).
Vergara produced internationally recognized films such as The Assassination of Richard Nixon and the Oscar-nominated Y Tu Mamá También through the production company, Producciones Anhelo.
Business
Born in Guadalajara, Vergara once sold tacos on Mexican streets. Back in the 1980s Vergara sold condominiums and timeshares in Manzanillo, Mexico, where he met and began working with John Peterson.
When Peterson became a Herbalife salesperson, he recruited Vergara and together they began selling Herbalife products in Mexico. Since Herbalife had not received Mexican government approval to sell their products, Peterson and Vergara had to smuggle the products into the country. After six months of smuggling the products into Mexico, Herbalife took notice and began the process of getting government approval. Vergara was asked to help get the Herbalife products approved by the Mexican government and was instrumental in helping Herbalife's founder, Mark R. Hughes deal with the Mexican Government. This gave Vergara insight into how a multi-level company profits and expands into other countries. Vergara was partners with Roger Daley, Jim Fobair and Charlie Ragus. With already the 51% of the company, Vergara acquired the rest of Omnitrition at the end of the deal with his U.S. partners and took the whole control of Omnitrition de Mexico. Since its foundation in 1991, the privately owned corporation has grown from one company, Omnilife de Mexico, to comprise nineteen companies. Today, approximately 5.2 million people distribute Omnilife products in 22 countries, while the company has reached annual sales of nearly $4.2 billion.
Vergara was the director of Omnilife de Mexico from 1991 to his death.
Film
In 1999, Vergara met film director Alfonso Cuarón while seeking out filmmakers for his corporate movies. Cuarón, however, was more interested in filming Y Tu Mamá También, and gave Vergara the screenplay. A known lover of films, Vergara read it and right away proposed that they begin production. In the process they established a production company Producciones Anhelo that would go on to co-produce Guillermo del Toro's The Devil's Backbone, along with Pedro Almodóvar's El Deseo and del Toro's Tequila Gang. Anhelo also produced Sebastián Cordero's Crónicas.
In 2002, Variety named Vergara one of its Ten Producers to Watch. For the 2004 edition of the Guadalajara International Film Festival, Vergara created the JVC Award for Best Director, which was given to Fernando Eimbcke for his feature debut Temporada de patos.
Chivas
Vergara gained ownership of the football team C.D. Guadalajara (popularly known as Chivas) in 2002. Shortly after he took ownership in Mexico, while attending the 2004 U.S. Major League Soccer All-Star Game, he announced intentions to expand Chivas to MLS.
Vergara and MLS inaugurated Chivas USA in 2004, and the team played its first official season in 2005 with Home Depot Center in the Los Angeles area as its home stadium. Chivas USA was initially successful; in its first five seasons of operation, the team recorded four straight MLS playoff appearances. Both performance and attendance declined sharply after 2009.
On 20 February 2014, Major League Soccer purchased Chivas USA from Vergara. They announced plans to sell to a buyer dedicated to keeping the club in Los Angeles, as well as a plan to rebrand the club. After being unable to find a buyer, the club folded following the 2014 season. A new club, Los Angeles FC, was founded in 2018, but with no connection to the former Chivas USA club.
Personal life
Vergara had six children.
Vergara and Rossana Lerdo de Tejada were married 10 June 2017 in Guadalajara, Mexico. Lerdo de Tejada is his widow.
Death
Vergara died on 15 November 2019 at the age of 64 in New York City as a result of a cardiac arrest. | WIKI |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/15754
Title: Analysis and implementation of National Security Agency (NSA) suite B : Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key agreement algorithm
Authors: Tan, Vincent Soon Heng.
Keywords: DRNTU::Engineering::Electrical and electronic engineering::Computer hardware, software and systems
Issue Date: 2009
Abstract: With the emerging of technology, there are many applications that require secure communication, for example, in mobile/wireless environments. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is emerging as an attractive and effective public-key cryptosystem. Elliptic curves are widely used in various key exchange techniques that include the Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement scheme which we will be discussing on. As compared to traditional cryptosystems like RSA, ECC offers equivalent security with smaller key sizes, which results in faster computations, lower power consumptions, as well as memory and bandwidth savings. This is especially true and useful for applications like mobile devices which are typically limited in terms of their CPU processing speed, power and network connectivity. This project involves the analysis an implementation of Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellam (ECDH) Key Agreement Algorithm. The project report provides a detailed on the fundamental of modular arithmetic and Elliptic Cryptography Curve (ECC) cryptography theories. This report also provides a theoretical background on Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement scheme. Then, the performance of the implemented ECDH algorithm is being analyzed based on the key sizes used for the elliptic curve. The algorithm benchmark is based on the key generation speed in terms of CPU processing speed, processor type and Random Access Memory (RAM). Subsequently, the methodologies are derived for the performance evaluation process which is carried out under Windows operating systems. The evaluation processes are to identify the performance of untested platforms. The three different major Windows operating systems used are: Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista Home and Windows Vista Business.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/15754
Schools: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Rights: Nanyang Technological University
Fulltext Permission: restricted
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:EEE Student Reports (FYP/IA/PA/PI)
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Page:Modern review 1921 v29.pdf/719
694 sion. It is our vanity which makes us think that it is a battle between contending rights,—the only battle is the eternal one between Truth and untruth.
The Ultimate, the Perfect, is concerned with the All, and is evolving itself through every kind of obstacle and opposing force. Only to the extent that our efforts assist in the progress of this evolution can they be successful? Attempts to push on oneself alone, whether made by individuals or nations, have no importance in the processes of Providence. That Alexander did not succeed in bringing the whole earth under the flag of Greece was merely a case of unsatisfied ambition which has long ceased to be of concern to the world. The preparation of Rome for a world-empire was shattered to pieces by the Barbarians, but this fall of Rome’s pride is not bewailed by the world to-day. Greece and Rome shipped their golden harvests on the bark of time,—their failure to get a passage on it, for themselves as well, proved no loss, but rather lightened its burden.
So, in the evolving History of India, the principle at work is not the ultimate glorification of the Hindu, or any other race. In India, the history of humanity is seeking to elaborate a specific ideal, to give to general perfection a special form which shall be for the gain of all humanity,—nothing less than this is its end and aim. And in the creation of this ideal type, if Hindu, Moslem or Christian should have to submerge the aggressive part of their individuality, that may hurt their sectarian pride, but will not be accounted a loss by the standard of Truth and Right.
We are all here as factors in the making of the History of Greater India. If any one factor should become rebellious and arrogate to itself an undue predominance, that will only interfere with the general progress. The section which is unable or unwilling to adapt itself to the entire scheme, but struggles to keep up a separate existence, will have to drop out and be lost, sooner or later. And the component which, realising its dedication to the ultimate ideal, acknowledges its own individual unimportance, will lose only its pettiness and find permanence for its greatness in that of the whole.
So, for ourselves, we must bear in mind that India is not engaged in recording solely our story, but that it is we who are called upon to take our place in the great Drama, which has India for its stage. If we do not fit ourselves to play our part, it is we who shall have to go. If we stand aloof from the rest, in the pride of past achievement, content with heaping up obstacles around ourselves, God will punish us, either by afflicting us with sorrow unceasing till He has brought us to a level with the rest, or by casting us aside as mere impediments. If we insist on segregating ourselves in our pride of exclusiveness, fondly clinging to the belief that Providence is specially concerned in our own particular development, if we persist in regarding our dharma as ours alone, our institutions as specially fit only for ourselves, our places of worship as requiring to be carefully guarded against all incomers, our wisdom as dependent for its safety on being locked up in our strong rooms, then we shall simply await, in the prison of our own contriving, for the execution of the death sentence, which in that case the world of humanity will surely pronounce against us.
Of late the British have come in and occupied an important place in India’s history. This was not an uncalled for, accidental intrusion. If India had been deprived of touch with the West, she would have lacked an element essential for her attainment of perfection. Europe now has her lamp ablaze. We must light our torches at its wick and make a fresh start on the highway of time. That our forefathers, three thousand years ago, had finished extracting all that was of value from the universe, is not a worthy thought. We are not so unfortunate, nor the universe so poor. Had it been true that all that is to be done has been done in the past, once for all, then our continued existence could only be a burden to the earth, and so would not be possible. | WIKI |
Lynn B. GRIFFIN and Suanne J. Griffin, Plaintiffs, v. Robert J. REZNICK, Thomas J. Royal II, Larry Nielson, Eric King, Due Process of Michigan Inc., County of Genessee, County of Gladwin, County of Eaton, City of Coleman, Jody Mann, Wienner & Gould P.C., Seth D. Gould, and David H. Ellenbogen, Defendants.
Case No. 1:08-cv-50.
United States District Court, W.D. Michigan, Southern Division.
Dec. 2, 2008.
Matthew S. DePerno, DePerno Law Office PLLC, Mattawan, MI, for Plaintiffs.
Bryan D. Marcus, Bryan D. Marcus PC, Southfield, MI, Thomas R. Meagher, Foster Swift Collins & Smith PC, James L. Dyer, Johnson Rosati Labarge Aseltyne & Field PC, Lansing, MI, H. William Reising, Plunkett Cooney, Flint, MI, Allan C. Vander Laan, Cummings McClorey Davis & Acho PLC, Grand Rapids, MI, Seth D. Gould, Wienner & Gould PC, Rochester, MI, Thomas R. Paxton, Garan Lucow Miller PC, Detroit, MI, for Defendants.
. Defendant Ashley Ponter was dismissed without prejudice on May 30, 2008 because the Griffins failed to effect valid service of process and file a petition verifying that service by the date specified in an order of this court. The Griffins allege that Ponter "returned to England following this incident." Plaintiffs’ Brief in Opposition to the Wienner Defendants’ MTD at 8.
Defendant John Deere Credit was dismissed by voluntary joint stipulation on June 23, 2008.
AMENDED
Opinion and Order
PAUL L. MALONEY, Chief Judge.
Granting in Part and Denying in Part Nielson & Royal’s Motion for Summary Judgment:
Finding that Royal & Nielson Complied with Local Civil Rule 7.1; Declining to Consider Plaintiffs’ Request for Rule 11 Sanctions; Holding that Michigan’s Res Judicata Doctrine Does Not Preclude the Plaintiffs’ Claims; Dismissing the Plaintiffs’ FDCPA Claim as Time-Barred
This is a federal civil-rights and fair debt collection practices action against fifteen defendants. In June 2008, three of the defendants — Seth D. Gould (“Gould”), the firm Wienner & Gould, P.C. (“W & G”), and David Ellenbogen (“Ellenbogen”), collectively “the Wienner defendants”— moved to dismiss the complaint as to them, or in the alternative for summary judgment as to them, on the ground that a prior state-court ruling is res judicata under Michigan common law. By opinion issued October 28, 2008, 2008 WL 4741738, this court denied the motion of Gould, W & G, and Ellenbogen.
On September 24, 2008, two other defendants — Thomas J. Royal II (“Royal”) and Larry Nielson (“Nielson”) — filed a motion for summary judgment. Royal and Nielson contend that all of the Griffins’ claims are barred by Michigan’s doctrine of res judicata, and that their claim under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”) is barred by 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d)’s one-year statute of limitations. For the reasons that follow, the court will deny Royal and Nielson’s motion in part and grant it in part. Specifically, the court rejects Royal and Nielson’s res judicata argument but agrees that the Griffins’ FDCPA claim is time-barred.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Lynn Griffin owned Seldom Rest Farms, Inc. (“Seldom Rest”) when it financed the purchase of a John Deere combine through former defendant John Deere Credit, Inc. (“Deere”) in 1999. In September 2003, Deere sued Seldom Rest in the Circuit Court of Eaton County, Michigan, claiming breach of the security agreement pertaining to the combine, represented by the law firm of Wienner & Gould, P.C. (“W & G”, also a defendant in the instant case). In April 2004, Deere won a judgment against Seldom Rest for about $97,600; after applying credits from the sale of the combine, the balance due from Seldom Rest to Deere was about $39,400.
Deere hired defendants Due Process of Michigan, Inc. (“DPM”) and Robert J. Reznick (“Reznick”) to collect on the remainder of the judgment - against Seldom Rest. On December 22, 2005, DPM and Reznick attempted to collect the judgment at the corporate address of Seldom Rest, which was also the Griffins’ home at the time.
Seldom Rest filed a motion in Michigan state court, seeking the return of seized property and the imposition of sanctions for alleged excessive fees charged by Deere. Seldom Rest contended that the individuals who seized the property were not authorized to do so. After an evidentiary hearing, the state court issued an opinion in April 2007 and ordered Deere to return a truck and $5,518 that its agents had seized from the Griffins. After discussing Mich. Ct. R. 2.103, Mich. Ct. R. 3.106(B), and Mich. Comp. Laws 600.6001, and Michigan common law, the state court wrote, in part,
The Court finds that the Plaintiffs agents were authorized by statute and court rule to serve the writ. - While the testimony of witnesses varied, the Court is not clear as to what happened at the Griffin home on the date in question. Much of the testimony was contradictory and self-serving. Each side’s testimony exaggerates their positions.
The Court finds that the Plaintiffs agents improperly seized an asset that was not the property of the Defendant, Seldom Rest Farms, Inc. They also used this improper seizure to negotiate an agreement to return both vehicles if a $5,000 check cleared. The check cleared but only one vehicle was returned.
Also the agents improperly took $5178 in cash from Richard Seume. The Court finds his testimony credible as to the manner in which the money was taken from him. He was coerced and intimidated by the agents.
The Plaintiffs agents charged the following fees:
Statutory services and mileage: $116.01
Statutory percentage of line 6 fees: $365.54
Statutory expenses: $983.00
The Plaintiff concedes that its agents’ fees were excessive by $49.26. In addition the balance of the fees and expenses charged are not proper inasmuch as the seizure of the property was not proper. The Defendant requests treble damages against the plaintiff under 600.2559(b). However, the sanctions under the statute are directed against the person serving the process, not the Plaintiff.
The parties should be placed where they were prior to the improper seizure. The vehicles and money are to be immediately returned.
The judgment continues to be outstanding and the Plaintiff still has remedies. However, the Plaintiff should not benefit from the improper seizure.
No treble damages are awarded against the Plaintiff as the statute provides the remedy against the servers of the writ. The Court also finds that the servers of the writ were authorized under the statute to do so. No sanctions are awarded on this basis.
This Court denies Defendant’s request for actual attorney fees’ sanctions, but allows Defendants its statutory costs and fees.
Opinion of Hon. Thomas S. Eveland, Circuit Judge for Eaton Cty., issued April 2, 2007, at 3-4. Seldom Rest did not file a motion for reconsideration or a motion for relief from judgment, nor did they appeal to the Michigan Court of Appeals. About one year later, in March 2008, the Griffins filed the state-court action which was removed to this court.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The Griffins sued Reznick and all the other defendants in the Circuit Court of Eaton County, Michigan, in late 2007, and defendants Seth D. Gould (“Gould”) and the firm Wienner & Gould, P.C. (“W & G”) timely removed the case to this court in January 2008. All other defendants who were served timely filed answers that same month, except Eaton County and Thomas J. Royal II, who timely filed answers in February and March 2008, respectively. Defendants Gould, W & G, and David Ellenbogen filed a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment, which the court denied by opinion and order issued on October 28, 2008.
On September 24, 2008, defendants Royal and Nielson moved for summary judgment as to the entire complaint on the ground of res judicata, and for summary judgment as to the FDCPA claim alone on the ground of untimeliness. On October 22, 2008, the Griffins filed a timely opposition brief, and on November 5, 2008 Royal and Nielson filed a timely reply brief.
LEGAL STANDARD: SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Summary judgment is proper if the “ ‘pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.’ ” Appalachian Railcar Servs., Inc. v. Consumers Energy Co., 602 F.Supp.2d 829, 845 (W.D.Mich.2008) (Maloney, J.) (“ARS”) (quoting Conley v. City of Findlay, 266 Fed.Appx. 400, 404 (6th Cir.2008) (Griffin, J.)) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). Accord Brown v. Brown, 478 Mich. 545, 739 N.W.2d 313, 316 (2007).
The movant has the burden of proving the absence of genuine issues of material fact and its entitlement to judgment as a matter of law. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 845 (citing Conley, 266 Fed.Appx. at 404) (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)). However, the movant “need not support its motion with affidavits or other materials ‘negating’ the opponent’s claim”; rather, the movant’s initial burden is only to “point out to the district court that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case....” Wilson v. Continental Dev. Co., 112 F.Supp.2d 648, 654 (W.D.Mich.1999) (Bell, J.) (citing Moore v. Philip Morris Cos., 8 F.3d 335, 339 (6th Cir.1993)), aff'd o.b., 234 F.3d 1271, 2000 WL 1679477 (6th Cir.2000).
Once the movant has met its burden, the non-movant must present “significant probative evidence” to demonstrate that there is more than “some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 845 (citing Conley, 266 Fed.Appx. at 404 (quoting Moore, 8 F.3d at 339-40)). The non-movant may not rest on the mere allegations of his pleadings. Wilson, 112 F.Supp.2d at 654 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) and Copeland v. Machulis, 57 F.3d 476, 479 (6th Cir.1995)). Moreover, the mere existence of an alleged factual dispute between the parties will not defeat an otherwise properly supported summary judgment motion; there must be some genuine issue of material fact. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 845 (citing Conley, 266 Fed.Appx. at 404 (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986))).
The court must accept the nonmovant’s factual allegations, ACLU v. NSA, 493 F.3d 644, 691 (6th Cir.2007) (concurrence) (citing Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561, 112 S.Ct. 2130, 119 L.Ed.2d 351 (1992)), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 128 S.Ct. 1334, 170 L.Ed.2d 59 (2008), and view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant, giving it the benefit of all reasonable inferences. Fox v. Eagle Dist. Co., Inc., 510 F.3d 587, 592 (6th Cir.2007) (Griffin, J.). But the court considers its evidence only to the extent that it would be admissible at trial. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 846 (citing Healing Place, 744 N.W.2d at 177 (citing Mich. Ct. R. 2.116(G)(6) and Veenstra v. Washtenaw Country Club, 466 Mich. 155, 645 N.W.2d 643, 648 (2002))).
Ultimately, “[e]ntry of summary judgment is appropriate ‘against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element to that party’s case, and on which that party w[ould] bear the burden of proof at trial.’ ” ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 846 (citing Davison v. Cole Sewell Corp., 231 Fed.Appx. 444, 447 (6th Cir.2007) (quoting Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548)). As then-Chief Judge Bell characterized the post-trilogy summary-judgment standard, “[wjhile preserving the constitutional right of civil litigants to a trial on meritorious claims, the courts are now vigilant to weed out fanciful, malicious, and unsupported claims before trial.” Wilson, 112 F.Supp.2d at 654.
A Federal Court’s Application of State Law
“ ‘In applying state law, we anticipate how the relevant state’s highest court would rule in the case and are bound by controlling decisions of that court.’ ” Appalachian Railcar Servs. v. Boatright Enters., Inc., 602 F.Supp.2d 829, 846 (W.D.Mich.2008) (Paul L. Maloney, J.) (“ARS”) (quoting National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh v. Alticor, Inc., 472 F.3d 436, 438 (6th Cir.2007) (Richard Allen Griffin, J.) (citation omitted)). If the state supreme court has not conclusively decided the issue, a federal court presumptively looks to the decisions of the state’s appellate courts: “In anticipating how the state supreme court would rule, ‘we look to the decisions of the state’s intermediate courts unless we are convinced that the state supreme court would decide the issue differently.’” ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 846 (citing US v. Lancaster, 501 F.3d 673, 679 n. 3 (6th Cir.2007) (Griffin, J.) (citation omitted)); see also West v. AT & T Co., 311 U.S. 223, 236-37, 61 S.Ct. 179, 85 L.Ed. 139 (1940) (“A state is not without law save as its highest court has declared it. There are many rules of decision commonly accepted and acted upon by the bar and inferior courts which are nevertheless laws of the state although the highest court of the state has never passed upon them. In those circumstances the federal court is not free to reject the state rule merely because it has not received the sanction of the highest state court....”).
In determining what is the controlling law of the State, a federal court also “may give weight” to the decisions of the State’s trial courts, Bradley v. GMC, 512 F.2d 602, 605 (6th Cir.1975) (citing Royal Indem. Co. v. Clingan, 364 F.2d 154 (6th Cir.1966)), especially when the trial court’s decision is consistent with state appellate decisions, Bradley, 512 F.2d at 605.
Precedential Value of Michigan Decisions
A federal court must accord the same precedential value to a state-court decision as it would be accorded by that state’s courts. See ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 846 (citing Mutuelle Generate Francaise Vie v. Life Ass. Co. of Pa., 688 F.Supp. 386, 397 n. 15 (N.D.Ill.1988) (“[0]ne Supreme Court decision (Fid. Union Trust Co. v. Field, 311 U.S. 169, 61 S.Ct. 176, 85 L.Ed. 109 (1940)) ... required a federal court to ascribe the same precedential force to a New Jersey trial court decision that such a decision would receive in that state’s court system under the peculiarities of New Jersey law.”)). If a state court would not be bound by a particular state-court decision, then neither is this court. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847 (citing King v. Order of United Commercial Travelers of Am., 333 U.S. 153, 161, 68 S.Ct. 488, 92 L.Ed. 608 (1948) (“a federal court adjudicating a matter of state law in a diversity suit is, in effect, only another court of the State; it would be incongruous indeed to hold the federal court bound by a decision which would not be binding on any state court.”) (citation omitted)).
Michigan Court Rule 7.215(C)(2) states that “[a] published decision of the Court of Appeals has precedential value under the rule of stare decisis.” This subsection makes no distinction based on when the decision was issued. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847.
However, Michigan Court Rule 7.215(J)(1) provides that “[a] panel of the Court of Appeals must follow the rule of law established by a prior published decision of the Court of Appeals issued on or after November 1, 1990, that has not been reversed or modified by the Supreme Court or by a Special Panel of the Court of Appeals as provided in this rule.” ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847 (emphasis added).
Synthesizing Michigan Court Rules 7.215(C)(2) and 7.215(J)(1), the Michigan Court of Appeals accords precedential value to all of its prior published decisions, regardless of when they were issued. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847. When a post-November 1, 1990 published Court of Appeals decision conflicts with a pre-November 1, 1990 published Court of Appeals decision, however, the post-November 1,1990 decision prevails. Id.
When there is a conflict between two published decisions of the Court of Appeals that were both issued after November 1, 1990, Michigan courts must follow the first opinion that addressed the matter at issue. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847 (citing Novak v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 235 Mich.App. 675, 599 N.W.2d 546, 554 (1999) (citation omitted)).
By contrast, Michigan Court of Appeals panels are not bound by un published decisions of that same court, regardless of when they were issued. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847 (citing Iqbal v. Bristol West Ins. Group, 278 Mich.App. 31, 748 N.W.2d 574, 582 n. 5 (2008) (citing Mich. Ct. R. 7.215(J)(1))). Nonetheless, this court may consider unpublished state-court decisions, so long as they do not contradict published decisions of the Michigan Supreme Court or Michigan Court of Appeals. See Republic-Franklin Ins. Co. v. Bosse, 89 F.3d 835, 1996 WL 301722, *5 n. 4 (6th Cir. June 4, 1996) (although unpublished decisions are not generally controlling under Ohio law, “[w]e cite them, nevertheless, due to our sensitivity to state law in deciding diversity cases.”) (citing Royal Indem. Co., 364 F.2d at 158 (“Although we are not bound in a diversity case by an nnreported decision of a State court of original jurisdiction, we may give weight to this [unreported] decision of the chancery [court] in determining what is the controlling [state] law.”)).
Finally, a federal court’s interpretation of state law is not binding. ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847 (citing Leavitt v. Jane L., 518 U.S. 137, 146, 116 S.Ct. 2068, 135 L.Ed.2d 443 (1996) (Stevens, J., dissenting o.g., joined by Souter, Ginsburg, & Breyer, JJ.) (“[T]he decision of a federal court (even this Court) on a question of state law is not binding on state tribunals....”)); accord McGrath v. Toys 'R’ Us, Inc., 356 F.3d 246, 250 (2d Cir.2004) (citing Sargent v. Columbia Forest Prods., Inc., 75 F.3d 86, 90 (2d Cir.1996) and 20 Am.Jur.2d Courts § 225 (1965)). Accordingly, this court will seriously consider our Circuit’s interpretation of state law, or another district court’s interpretation of state law, but is not bound by it. See ARS, 602 F.Supp.2d at 847. See, e.g., Michigan Protection & Advocacy Serv. v. Michigan DOC, 581 F.Supp.2d 847, 854-56 (W.D.Mich.2008) (Paul L. Maloney, C.J.) (declining to follow U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan’s determination that MDOC is a political subdivision of the State of Michigan, a matter of state law).
DISCUSSION
Obligation to Consult with Opposing Counsel
The Griffins allege that Royal and Nielson did not seek their concurrence before filing this motion as required by this district’s local rules. The Griffins state:
Plaintiffs deny that Defendants’ attorney attempted to contact Plaintiffs’ counsel, Matthew S. DePerno, by telephone and e-mail to seek Plaintiffs’ concurrence in Defendants’ motion pursuant to Local Rule 7.1. Therefore, Plaintiffs asse[r]t that Defendants’ motion should be denied on the grounds that Defendants have not satisfied Local Rule 7.1. Defendants’ counsel did not seek concurrence and therefor filing the motion was not necessary.
On September 24, 2008, Plaintiffs’ counsel received no e-mail messages from Defendants’ counsel. In addition, Plaintiffs’ counsel received no telephone calls from Defendants’ counsel. In fact, on September 24, 2008, Plaintiffs’ counsel received 27 telephone calls, none of which were from any exchange from Defendants’ counsel’s] law firm. The majority of the calls were from Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, and Mattawan [Michigan], There was one call from a law firm in Birmingham [presumably Michigan], three calls from a law firm in Grand Rapids [presumably Michigan], and one call from an attorney in Arlington, VA. Of these call[s], none were [sic] from Defendants’ counsel’s law firm. Finally, Plaintiffs’ counsel checked his phone records for September 23, 2008 and September 25, 2008. On these days, Plaintiffs’] counsel received 18 and 26 calls, respectively, none of which were from Defendants’ counsel’s law firm.
Pis.’ Opp. at 1-2. The Griffins contend that Royal and Nielson’s alleged violation of LCivR 7.1 warrants denial of their motion for summary judgment. Pis’. Opp. at 2 and 15.
The rule which the Griffins invoke is entitled “Attempt to obtain concurrence” and provides:
With respect to all motions, the moving party shall ascertain whether the motion shall be opposed. In addition, in the ease of all discovery motions.... All motions shall affirmatively state the efforts of the moving party to comply with the obligation created by this rule.
W.D. Mich. LCivR 7.1(d) (emphasis added). It is true that “failure to follow Local Rule 7.1(d) ‘provides a sufficient basis in itself to deny a motion .... ” Krygoski Const. Co., Inc. v. City of Menominee, Michigan, 2006 WL 2092412, *2 (W.D.Mich. July 26, 2006) (Richard Allan Edgar, J.) (quoting Woodhull v. Kent Cty., 2006 WL 708662, *1 (W.D.Mich. Mar. 21, 2006) (Wendell Miles, J.) (“The importance of the communication required by this rule ... cannot be overstated.”)). See, e.g., Aslani v. Sparrow Health Sys., 2008 WL 4642617 (W.D.Mich. Oct. 20, 2008) (Paul L. Maloney, C.J.) (defendants’ failure to comply with LCivR 7.1(d) warranted denial without prejudice of their motion to dismiss); Kim v. USDOL, 2007 WL 4284893, *1 (W.D.Mich. Dec. 4, 2007) (Brenneman, U.S.M.J.) (“[T]he court properly denied plaintiffs motion for judgment on the pleadings because he failed to seek concurrence under the local court rule, W.D. Mich. LCivR 7.1(d), and the motion was premature.”).
Royal and Nielson respond, simply, “Plaintiffs’ assertion that Defendants made no attempt to seek concurrence before filing their motion for summary judgment, as required under Local Rule 7. 1, is incorrect.” Royal & Nielson’s Reply Br. at 1. Royal & Nielson’s reply brief attaches what appears to be an e-mail exchange between their counsel and the Griffins’ counsel. The e-mail from Royal & Nielson’s counsel, sent by Joshua Richardson, Esq., at 10:21 a.m. on Wednesday, September 24, 2008, explains that “I am contacting you,' pursuant to Local Rule 7.1(d), to seek your concurrence in our filing of a motion for summary judgment”, and adds that attempts to reach the Griffins’ counsel by telephone were unsuccessful. See Royal & Nielson’s Reply Br., Ex. A at 1-2. The response from the Griffins’ counsel, sent by Matt DePerno, Esq., just seven minutes later, states, in pertinent part, “I will object to the motion. I see no basis for a motion for summary [judgment] on your part.” Id. at 1.
Because the Griffins have not challenged the authenticity of this e-mail exchange, which occurred before Royal & Nielson filed the instant motion for summary judgment, the court accepts the e-mail exchange as a true and accurate record of communication between counsel. Accordingly, the court finds that Royal & Nielson complied with Local Civil Rule 7.1(d).
DISCUSSION
Michigan Res Judicata Does Not Bar the Griffins’ Claims against Any of the Defendants
By opinion and order denying the Wienner defendants’ motion to dismiss on October 28, 2008, this court held that Michigan res judicata does not bar the Griffins’ claims. That holding is the law of the case. “The law-of-the-case doctrine provides that ‘when a court decides upon a rule of law, that decision should continue to govern the same -issues in subsequent stages in the same case.’ ” Williams v. McLemore, 247 Fed.Appx. 1, 4 (6th Cir.2007) (Richard Allen Griffin, J.) (quoting Scott v. Churchill, 377 F.3d 565, 569-70 (6th Cir.2004) (quoting Arizona v. California, 460 U.S. 605, 618, 103 S.Ct. 1382, 75 L.Ed.2d 318 (1983))). “The doctrine bars a court from reconsidering issues ‘decided at an early stage of the litigation, either expressly or by necessary inference from the disposition.’ ” Williams, 247 Fed.Appx. at 4 (quoting Hanover Ins. Co. v. Am. Eng’g Co., 105 F.3d 306, 312 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting Coal Res., Inc. v. Gulf & Western Indus., Inc., 865 F.2d 761, 766 (6th Cir.1989))).
The law-of-the-case doctrine is not a completely inflexible command. See Kruska v. Perverted Justice Found., Inc., 2008 WL 4936693, *1 (DAriz. Nov. 17, 2008) (“The doctrine is not a limitation on a tribunal’s power, but rather a guide to discretion.”) (citing Arizona, 460 U.S. at 618, 103 S.Ct. 1382); accord Polak v. Kobayashi, 2008 WL 4905519, at *8 n. 16 (D.Del. Nov. 13, 2008) (“[T]he law-of-the-case doctrine does not limit a federal court’s power, rather it directs its exercise of discretion.”) (citing Lambert v. Blackwell, 387 F.3d 210, 236 n. 20 (3d Cir.2004)).
But the court’s discretion to “ ‘reach a result inconsistent with a prior decision reached in the same case is to be exercised very sparingly, and only under extraordinary conditions.’ ” Watt v. US, 162 Fed.Appx. 486, 501 (6th Cir.2006) (Richard Allen Griffin, J.) (quoting Gragg v. Somerset Tech. Coll, 373 F.3d 763, 767 (6th Cir. 2004)). “The law-of-the-ease doctrine supports ‘finality and efficiency [in] the judicial process.’ ” US v. Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp., 587 F.Supp.2d 757, 761 (W.D.Va.2008) (quoting Christianson v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp., 486 U.S. 800, 816, 108 S.Ct. 2166, 100 L.Ed.2d 811 (1988)).
Defendants Royal and Nielson have not established the existence of any extraordinary conditions to warrant departure from this court’s recent application of the Michigan res judicata doctrine in this case. See Royal & Nielson’s MSJ at 3-8 and Reply Br. at 1-4. Most important, they have not shown any intervening change in Michigan res judicata law—i.e., any new binding precedent from the Michigan Supreme Court or Michigan Court of Appeals—to warrant a different conclusion than this court reached less than five weeks ago.
Accordingly, the court adheres to its October 28, 2008 decision as the law of the case regarding the Michigan doctrine of res judicata. Cf. Holmes v. Heckler, 1984 WL 62832, *2 (N.D.Ohio May 15, 1984) (Ann Aldrich, J.) (“[T]he Court ... held that the law to be applied on the marital status issue was the law of Alabama. Once that determination was made, it became the ‘law of the case’, which ... will not be reconsidered by this Court.”) (citing Hildreth v. Union News Co., 315 F.2d 548, 549 (6th Cir.1963)).
DISCUSSION
FEDERAL FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES ACT
Royal and Nielson correctly note that the Griffins allege no illegal debt-collection activities by Royal and Nielson (or by any other defendants) after December 22, 2005, and the Griffins did not file the instant complaint in state court until December 2007. Accordingly, they contend, the Griffins’ FDCPA claim against these two defendants is barred by 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d), which provides, “Any action to enforce any liability under this subchapter may be brought ... within one year from the date on which the violation occurs.”
Whether a cause of action is barred by a statute of limitations is a question of law. Williams v. Wilson, 149 Fed.Appx. 342, 345 (6th Cir.2005) (citing Sierra Club v. Slater, 120 F.3d 623, 630 (6th Cir.1997)), cert. denied, 547 U.S. 1152, 126 S.Ct. 2299, 164 L.Ed.2d 822 (2006); see also Watt v. US, 162 Fed.Appx. 486, 497 n. 5 (6th Cir.2006) (Griffin, J.) (citations omitted). The Griffins do not deny that their complaint alleges no illegal debt-collection activities by any defendants after December 22, 2005, see Comp ¶ 35, which was more than one year before they filed the instant complaint in state court in December 2007.
Moreover, the Griffins do not contend that the court should equitably toll the limitations period. Absent such a contention by the Griffins, the court has the authority but not the obligation to raise the equitable tolling issue sua sponte. In its discretion, the court will not attempt to fashion arguments for tolling on the Griffins’ behalf. Cf. Salaam v. Gundy, 2007 WL 1011286, *5 (E.D.Mich. Mar. 29, 2007) (O’Meara, J.) (“Petitioner’s explanation could also serve as a defense to the statute of limitations bar .... However, the Petitioner fails to raise the defense and the Court declines to sua sponte discuss the issue .... ”).
Rather, the Griffins contend only that Royal and Nielson waived the limitations argument by failing to assert it as an affirmative defense in their answer. The Griffins argue as follows:
[Rendering a decision on the merits of this argument is not permitted because Defendants have not raised this argument as an affirmative defense in their pleadings and are therefore now precluded from raising the defense in this motion. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) is very-clear on this issue and states “[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading if one is required.”
In this case, Defendants filed their answer on January 18, 2008 and included as their affirmative defenses (1) the doctrine of immunity, (2) the doctrine of waiver, (3) that damages were caused by others, (4) collateral estoppel, and (5) res judicata. They did not assert a defense of the statute of limitations. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) further states that certain defenses can be asserted by motion. However, the defense of “statute of limitations” is not one such defense listed in Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(l)-(7). Therefore, Defendants are not permitted to now raise this defense and argument and it must not be considered.
Pis.’ Opp to MSJ at 13-14 (paragraph break added). The Griffins, however, cite no case law in support of their unqualified assertion that this court is not “permitted” to render a decision on the limitations argument raised by Royal and Nielson’s motion.
Sixth Circuit precedent clearly holds that failure to plead an affirmative defense does not invariably result in waiver. See Seals v. CMC, 546 F.3d 766, 770-71 (6th Cir.2008) (Guy, J., with Batchelder, J., concurring separately, and McKeague, J., concurring separately); Old Line Life Ins. Co. of America v. Garcia, 418 F.3d 546, 549-550 (6th Cir.2005); Gilbert v. Ferry, 413 F.3d 578, 579-80 (6th Cir.2005) (citing Smith v. Sushka, 117 F.3d 965, 969 (6th Cir.1997)).
For example, the court has discretion to entertain a ground for dismissal, despite the movant’s failure to list it as an affirmative defense in its answer, when the opposing party had fair notice of that potential ground for dismissal by some other means. See, e.g., Seals, 546 F.3d at 770 (“Here, plaintiffs counsel had notice that GM intended to assert the release as an affirmative defense once the documents were discovered by defense counsel in producing plaintiffs personnel record.”) (citing Moore, Owen, Thomas & Co. v. Coffey, 992 F.2d 1439, 1445 (6th Cir.1993)); Old Line, 418 F.3d at 550.
Here, the Griffins do not even claim that they were surprised or unfairly prejudiced by Royal and Nielson’s raising the limitations argument in this motion rather than in their answer to the complaint. Cf. Stupak-Thrall v. Glickman, 346 F.3d 579, 585 (6th Cir.2003) (“Notably, the plaintiffs never claimed they were prejudiced or unfairly surprised by the government’s failure to file a responsive pleading containing the affirmative defense. Because the plaintiffs had a fair opportunity to respond to the government’s statute of limitations argument, we find that the plaintiffs suffered no prejudice and, therefore, the government did not waive their defense.”) (citation omitted).
Nor could the Griffins claim that they were surprised, as other defendants’ answers have already raised the FDCPA statute of limitations as an affirmative defense. Well before Royal and Nielson filed this motion, the filing of those other answers put the Griffins on notice that the statute of limitations was being asserted as a possible ground for dismissal of the FDCPA claim. See P. & E. Elec., Inc. v. Utility Supply of America, Inc., 655 F.Supp. 89, 95 n. 1 (M.D.Tenn.1986) (although. defendants Wood and Utility did not plead the statute of limitations as an affirmative defense in their answers, “the defense of statute of limitations was raised by each of the other defendants and responded to by the plaintiff. The issues raised by that defense would be identical for the defendants Don Wood and Utility. [T]he interests of justice require the Court to consider the defense as not having been waived.”) (citing Heller v. Smither, 437 F.Supp. 1, 2 n. 3 (M.D.Tenn.1977)). Accord Ringuette v. City of Fall River, 146 F.3d 1 (1st Cir.1998); Charpentier v. Godsil, 937 F.2d 859, 864 (3d Cir.1991) (“[I]t would be inappropriate for us to hold that Dr. Lewis’ immunity defense was waived [because his answer failed to assert it as an affirmative defense]. The answers of the other defendants ... should have alerted, and undoubtedly did alert, Charpentier to the issue of immunity....”); LNC Investments, Inc. v. First Fidelity Bank, 2000 WL 375236, *2 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 11, 2000) (“Where only one of several defendants asserts a particular defense, the trial court may regard the other defendants’ answers [as amended] under Rule 15(a), Fed.R.CivP., to include that defense, at least in a case where ‘plaintiff was aware that all defendants were taking similar positions,’ a circumstance clearly present in the instant case.”) (quoting Van Pier v. Long Island Savings Bank, 20 F.Supp.2d 535, 540 n. 6 (S.D.N.Y.1998)).
Therefore, the court concludes that Royal and Nielson have not waived the FDCPA statute of limitations defense, and the Griffins’ FDCPA claim is time-barred.
ORDER
The motion to dismiss or for summary judgment filed by defendants Larry Nielson and Thomas Royal [document # 49] is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
Nielson and Royal’s motion for summary judgment on the entire complaint on the ground of Michigan res judicata is DENIED.
Nielson and Royal’s motion for summary judgment on the FDCPA claim on the ground of untimeliness is GRANTED.
The Griffins’ FDCPA claim is DISMISSED as to all defendants.
This is not a final order, so it is not immediately appealable. See Bd. of Ed. of Avon Lake City Sch. Dist. v. Patrick M., 2000 WL 712500, *4 n. 5 (6th Cir.2000) (“Absent certification [of] an interlocutory appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) or Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b), an order disposing of fewer than all parties or claims is nonappealable.”) (citing Wm. B. Tanner Co. v. US, 575 F.2d 101, 102 (6th Cir.1978)).
IT IS SO ORDERED this 2nd day of December 2008.
. The Griffins’ brief in opposition brief to the motion of Gould et al. provided a detailed description of what they allege happened at their home on December 22, 2005. See Pis.’ Opp to Wienner Defs.' MTD at 8-10. However, the Griffins did not cite any document filed with this court under oath or penalty of peijury, such as an affidavit or deposition transcript. As courts commonly instruct juries, " 'Statements, arguments, and remarks of counsel ... are not evidence.’ ” Johnson v. Bell, 525 F.3d 466, 485 (6th Cir.2008) (quoting with approval a jury instruction).
Accordingly, the court disregarded the Griffins’ counsel’s assertions about what happened on December 22, 2005, and will continue to disregard them until and unless they are supported by citations to affidavit, deposition, or the like. See EEOC v. Rocket Enters., Inc., 2007 WL 4126527, *3 n. 1 (E.D.Mich. Nov. 19, 2007) ("In the brief, Plaintiff also argues that Charles Bowers told Bischoff.... However, Plaintiff failed to cite to any evidence, and this exchange was not included in the deposition excerpt provided. Thus, the Court did not consider this remark in the analysis.”).
Cf. Adams v. Lockheed Martin Energy Sys., Inc., 199 Fed.Appx. 405, 410 (6th Cir.2006) ("Plaintiffs suffer from a paucity of supporting evidence, neglecting to target any specific facts.... Instead they offer general allegations and cite to entire depositions rather than specific supporting testimony of a deponent."); Gage v. US, 2008 WL 974044, *4 (N.D.Ohio Apr. 7, 2008) (Christopher Boyko, J.) ("Plaintiff has failed to present an affidavit and fails to cite to relevant deposition testimony that would satisfy her prima facie requirements.”).
In any event, what really happened on December 22, 2005 was not material to the lone issue presented by the Gould motion (whether, under Michigan’s doctrine of res judicata, the prior state-court judgment in John Deere v. Seldom Rest precludes the Griffins' claims against the Gould movants), nor is it material to the issues raised by Royal and Nielson’s motion.
. Accord Healing Place at No. Oakland Med. Ctr. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 277 Mich.App. 51, 744 N.W.2d 174, 177 (2007) ("When the burden of proof at trial would rest on the nonmoving party, the nonmovant may not rest on mere allegations or denials in the pleadings, but must, by documentary evidence, set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.”) (citing Quinto v. Cross & Peters Co., 451 Mich. 358, 547 N.W.2d 314, 317 (1996)).
. Accord Dolan v. Continental Airlines/Express, 454 Mich. 373, 563 N.W.2d 23, 26 (1997).
. A trilogy of 1986 Supreme Court decisions "made clear that, contrary to some prior precedent, the use of summary judgment is not only permitted but encouraged in certain circumstances....” Collins v. Assoc’d Pathologists, Ltd., 844 F.2d 473, 475-76 (7th Cir.1988). Accord In re Fin. Federated Title & Trust, Inc., 347 F.3d 880 (11th Cir.2003) (the trilogy "encourage the use of summary judgment as a means to dispose of factually unsupported claims.”);
Hurst v. Union Pacific Rail. Co., 1991 WL 329588, *1 (W.D.Okla.1991) ("This trilogy of cases establishes that factual and credibility conflicts are not necessarily enough to preclude summary judgment and encourage that a summary judgment be used to pierce the pleadings and determine if there is in actuality a genuine triable issue.”), aff'd, 958 F.2d 1002 (10th Cir.1992);
Bowser v. McDonald’s Corp., 714 F.Supp. 839, 840 (S.D.Tex.1989) (the trilogy "encouraged federal district courts to use summary judgment more frequently and economically by changing the movant’s burden of production ... and by allowing qualitative review of evidence”) (citations omitted).
. The Griffins also wish to sanction Royal & Nielson for their alleged violation of LCivR 7.1. Pis. Opp at 2 and 15. The court will not consider this request, however, because the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure governing non-discovery sanctions provides that "[a] motion for sanctions under this rule shall be
made separately from other motions or requests ....” Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(1)(A). "The drafters instruct that a ‘separate’ motion is one that is 'not simply included as an additional prayer for relief contained in another motion.’” Ridder v. City of Springfield, 109 F.3d 288, 294 n. 7 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting Advisory Comm. Notes to 1993 Amendments of Fed. R. Civ. P. 11).
If the Griffins wished to seek Rule 11 sanctions for Royal and Nielson’s alleged misrepresentation about their compliance with LCivR 7.1, they would have to “follow a two-step process: first, serve the Rule 11 motion on the opposing party for a designated period (at least twenty-one days); and then file the motion with the court.” Ridder, 109 F.3d at 294. See, e.g., Standard Ins. Co. v. Cooper-Pipkins, 2008 WL 5000044 (N.D.Tex. Nov. 24, 2008) (because sanctions motion failed to comply with Rule ll’s “safe harbor provision”, court denied the motion without prejudice); Ferris v. Rollins College, Inc., 2008 WL 4569872 (N.D.Fla. Oct. 9, 2008) ("Plaintiff also did not follow the procedural requirements to request sanctions, such as filing a separate motion with the Court. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s request for sanctions is denied.”).
Cf. Fed. R.App. P. 38 ("If a court of appeals determines that an appeal is frivolous, it may, after a separately filed motion or notice from the court and reasonable opportunity to respond, award just damages and single or double costs to the appellee.”); Bagsby v. Gehres, 225 Fed.Appx. 337, 354 (6th Cir.2007) (Advisory Committee Notes to Fed. R.App. P. 38 "make clear that a statement inserted into an appellee’s brief requesting sanctions does not constitute sufficient notice, but rather the appellee must file a separate motion for sanctions.”); see, e.g., Russell v. City of Farmington Hills, 34 Fed.Appx. 196, 198 (6th Cir.2002) ("Finally, we deny all requests for sanctions because none of the parties has filed a separate motion as required by Fed. R.App. P. 38.”).
. Cf. Deuel v. Law Offices of Timothy E. Baxter & Assocs., PC, 2008 WL 482850, *1 (W.D.Mich. Feb. 19, 2008) (Brenneman, M.J.) (denying defendant’s motion for a more definite statement because it "failed to affirmatively state the efforts it made to ascertain whether the motion would be opposed” and failed to file a supporting brief, violating W.D. Mich. LCivR 7.1(d) and 7(a));
Silver v. Giles, 2007 WL 2219355, *1 n. 1 (W.D.Mich. July 27, 2007) (Miles, J.) ("In addition to failing to supply a supporting brief, plaintiff's motion failed to contain the affirmative statement of attempt to obtain concurrence required by Local Rule 7.1(d), Plaintiff is hereby notified that any future motions filed without full compliance with these requirements will be stricken.”);
Powers v. Thomas M. Cooley Law School, 2006 WL 2711512, *3 (W.D.Mich. Sept. 27, 2006) (Scoville, M.J.) ("Plaintiff’s counsel ... allowed defense counsel less than one business day in which to react to the issue, clearly an unreasonable time. Plaintiff’s counsel has displayed impatience and not a "good-faith effort to resolve each specific discovery dispute”, as required by this court’s local rules. This failure, in and of itself, is grounds for denial of the motion and imposition of sanctions.”) (record citations omitted).
Contrast CMS No. America, Inc. v. DeLorenzo Marble & Tile, Inc., 521 F.Supp.2d 619, 631-32 (W.D.Mich.2007) (Paul L. Maloney, J.) (declining to strike or deny motion to dismiss, notwithstanding apparent violation of LCivR 7.1(d), because motion correctly noted lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, a defect that could not be waived or abandoned by the action of the parties).
. On November 4, 2008, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 56, defendant Gladwin County filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim on which relief can be granted, or, in the alternative, a motion for summary judgment [document # 52]. That motion is not yet ripe for decision, because the court has yet to receive the plaintiffs’ opposition brief or Gladwin County’s reply brief and determine whether or not to hear oral argument.
The court notes that Gladwin County's motion seeks dismissal of the Griffins’ FDCPA claim on the ground that it is barred by the statute of limitations. There is no point in delaying the dismissal of the FDCPA claim until the court’s disposition of Gladwin County’s motion, when the limitations argument is clearly meritorious and already raised in the instant motion.
| CASELAW |
Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 25.djvu/182
88 tificial excavation, if other sections, such as fig. 19, did not exist close by. The gravel (c) fills up the inequalities in the sand.
Fig. 20.—Section in Erith Pit.
Rearranged Thanet sand is frequently met with in these gravels, which were formed out of materials derived from this bed during the excavation or deepening of the Thames valley and its tributaries at this period. The large bull's-head flints from the basement-bed are carried down to lower levels (owing to their weight) and deposited on the new surface of the chalk.
The pebbles from the Woolwich bed are most abundant in the middle part of the Thames Quaternary series, and have been carried a great distance from and below the escarpment before they were redeposited in the gravel.
Fig. 21 is from a drawing on wood by Mr. S. Skertchly of a mass
Fig. 21.—Erith Pit.
of Thanet sands (b) 38 feet in length by 7 feet 10 inches in width, with a portion of the Woolwich pebble-bed attached to it, lying upon and against one piece of the Woolwich shell-bed 12 feet by 6 feet | WIKI |
Afghanistan considering delaying April presidential election
KABUL (Reuters) - Afghan authorities are considering postponing a presidential election scheduled for April 20 next year, officials said, following heavy criticism of the chaotic organization of parliamentary elections last month. Kubra Rezaie, a spokeswoman at the Independent Election Commission (IEC), said an option was being considered in which the presidential election, along with already delayed parliamentary elections in the central province of Ghazni and district council elections could be delayed by three months. “But we cannot say they will be postponed because this is something at an initial stage,” she said. Last month’s parliamentary elections, which saw huge delays at polling stations across Afghanistan, came in for heavy criticism over problems ranging from incomplete voter lists to malfunctioning biometric voter verification equipment. However, any delay to the presidential ballot could provoke strong opposition from political groups, many of which suspect President Ashraf Ghani of trying to engineer his own re-election. The issue is complicated by diplomatic efforts to start peace talks with the Taliban, who have met U.S. special peace envoy Zalmay Khalilzad but who have refused to deal with the Afghan government, which they consider illegitimate. The IEC has announced preliminary result for parliamentary elections in 10 of the 33 Afghan provinces where voting took place. The election was not held in Ghazni due to disputes over representation between different ethnic groups. Results in the rest of the provinces have yet to be announced as recounting votes continues in some provinces, caused by the large number of complaints about fairness. Reporting by Abdul Qadir Sediqi; Editing by Robert Birsel | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that attacks the lymphatic cells in the immune system.
The two main types of lymphatic cancer are Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Unfortunately, most of the main signs of both types of lymphoma are quite subtle. Therefore, it may be difficult for you to know which one of the conditions you actually have.
Tips
Here are some common early symptoms Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that you can look out for in order to determine if you have this cancer:
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, chest, groin, stomach or armpit: This is probably the most common and easily noticeable symptom of this disease. While lymph nodes often swell up due to non-lymphoma related factors such as sinus infections, you should consult a doctor urgently if the swelling persists for longer than two weeks and you don’t have any infections. It is important to note that in most cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the lymph nodes may not become swollen, but they harden.
• Weight Loss: Individuals who have lymphoma may lose weight rapidly for no apparent reason.
• Fever: Intermittent fever over a time without any accompanying chest or sinus infections may be an indication of lymphoma.
• Night sweats: These may regularly occur in conjunction with a fever.
• Unexplained skin itchiness: When lymphatic cells multiply uncontrollably due to cancer, they normally secrete some chemicals that cause itchiness and skin inflammation.
Advice
In the later stages of lymphoma, you may notice the following symptoms:
• Lack of appetite: As lymphoma spreads through the lymphatic system, most individuals experience a significant loss of appetite, which accelerates weight loss.
• Fatigue and physical weakness: As cancer cells continue to multiply, they take up more of the nutrients that provide energy in the body, which leaves one feeling weak and fatigued.
• Shortness of breath: When lymph nodes in the neck and chest swell to a large size, they normally cause breathlessness.
Warnings
It is essential to remember that lymphoma can occur in any body organ. Because of this, the symptoms of it may be unique on a case by case basis. For instance, when lymphoma occurs in the brain, it can present symptoms such as dementia and headaches.
Related How To’s
Citations
Conclusion
Overall, some of the common symptoms of lymphoma may be an indication of non-related medical conditions. Therefore, if you notice any of the symptoms described herein, it is important to consult a doctor in order to get an accurate diagnosis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why another article on this Marco?
Deadlocks is a topic covered many times and with a lot of articles on the web, also from Percona.
I suggest you review the reference section for articles on how to identify Deadlocks and from where they are generated.
So why another article?
The answer is that messages like the following are still very common:
User (John): “Marco our MySQL is having problems”
Marco: “Ok John what problems. Can you be a bit more specific?”
John: “Our log scraper is collecting that MySQL has a lot of errors”
Marco: “Ok can you share the MySQL log so I can review it?”
John: “Errors are in the application log, will share one application log”
Marco reviews the log and in it he founds:
“ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock;
try restarting transaction”
Marco reaction is: "Oh my ..." headdesk
Why? Because deadlocks are not what is express in the message, and of course we have a problem of mindset and last but not least terminology.
In this very short article I will try to change your point of view around Deadlocks.
What is a deadlock?
A deadlock is a situation wherein two or more competing actions are waiting for the other to finish. As a consequence, neither ever does.
In computer science, deadlock refers to a specific condition when two or more processes are each waiting for each other to release a resource.
In order for a deadlock to happen 4 conditions (Coffman conditions) should exists:
Mutual exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode. Otherwise, the processes would not be prevented from using the resource when necessary. Only one process can use the resource at any given instant of time.
Hold and wait or resource holding: a process is currently holding at least one resource and requesting additional resources which are being held by other processes.
No preemption: a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it.
Circular wait: each process must be waiting for a resource which is being held by another process, which in turn is waiting for the first process to release the resource.
All the above illustrates conditions that are not bound to RDBMS only but to any system dealing with data transaction processing. In any case it is a fact that today in most cases deadlocks are not avoidable unless to prevent one of the above conditions to happen without compromising the system execution integrity. Breaking or ignoring one of the above rules, especially for RDBMS, could affect data integrity, which will go against the reason to exist of a RDBMS.
Just to help us to better contextualize, let us review a simple case of Deadlock.
Say I have MySQL with the World schema loaded, and I have the TWO transactions running, both looking for the same 2 cities in Tuscany (Firenze and Prato) but in different order.
mysql> select * from City where CountryCode = 'ITA' and District='Toscana';
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
| ID | Name | CountryCode | District | Population |
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
| 1471 | Firenze | ITA | Toscana | 376662 | <---
| 1483 | Prato | ITA | Toscana | 172473 | <--- ...
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
And both transactions are updating the population:
Connection 1 will have: connection1 > start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
connection1 > select * from City where ID=1471;
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
| ID | Name | CountryCode | District | Population |
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
| 1471 | Firenze | ITA | Toscana | 376662 |
+------+---------+-------------+----------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
connection1 > update City set Population=Population + 1 where ID = 1471;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
connection1 > update City set Population=Population + 1 where ID = 1483;
Query OK, 1 row affected (2.09 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
Connection 2 will have:
connection 2 >start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
connection 2 >select * from City where ID=1483;
+------+-------+-------------+----------+------------+
| ID | Name | CountryCode | District | Population |
+------+-------+-------------+----------+------------+
| 1483 | Prato | ITA | Toscana | 172473 |
+------+-------+-------------+----------+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
connection 2 >update City set Population=Population + 1 where ID = 1483;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
connection 2 >update City set Population=Population + 1 where ID = 1471;
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
This is a very simple example of deadlock detection
An image may help:
dl ff 1
If we stop a second and ignore the word “ERROR” in the message, what is really happening is that MySQL is preventing us from modifying the data in the wrong way. If the locks would not be in place one of the two transactions would modify the population incrementing a number that is not valid anymore.
The right thing to do is to abort one of the two transactions and NOTIFY the application that, if you really need to perform the action, in this case increase the population, better to redo the execution and be sure it is still the case.
Just think, it could happen that the application re-run transactions 2 and identify there is no need to increase the value because it is already what it is supposed to be.
Think if you are calculating the financial situation of your company and you and your colleague are processing the same data but for different tasks.
Without locks & deadlocks you may end up in corrupting each other's interpretation of the data, and perform wrong operations. As a result you may end up paying the wrong salaries or worse.
Given that, and more, deadlocks (and locks) needs to be seen as friends helping us in keeping our data consistent.
The problem raise, when we have applications poorly designed and developed, and unfortunately by the wrong terminology (in my opinion) in MySQL.
Let us start with MySQL, Deadlock detection is detecting an intrinsic inevitable condition in the RDBMS/ACID world. As such defining it an ERROR is totally misleading. A deadlock is a CONDITION, and its natural conclusion is the abortion of one of the transactions reason of the deadlock.
The message should be a NOTIFICATION not an ERROR.
The problem in the apps instead, is that normally the isolation and validation of the data is demanded to RDBMS, which is fine. But then only seldom can we see applications able to deal with messages like lock-timeout or deadlock. This is of course a huge pitfall, because while it is natural to have the RDBMS dealing with the data consistency, it is not, and should not, be responsible for the retry that is bound to the application logic.
Nowadays we have a lot of applications that require very fast execution, and locks and deadlocks are seen as enemies because they have a cost in time.
But this is a mistake, a design mistake. Because if you are more willing to have speed instead of data consistency, then you should not use a RDBMS that must respect specific rules, at any (time) cost.
Other systems to store data (eventually consistent) will be more appropriate in your case.
While if you care about your data, then you need to listen to your RDBMS and write the code in a way, you will get all the benefit out of it, also when it comes to deadlocks.
Conclusion
Deadlocks (and locks), should be seen as friends. They are mechanisms that exist to keep our data consistent. We should not bypass them unless willing to compromise our data.
As previously indicated, if you want to understand in the details how to diagnose a deadlock review the links in the reference.
References
https://www.percona.com/blog/2012/09/19/logging-deadlocks-errors/
https://www.percona.com/blog/2014/10/28/how-to-deal-with-mysql-deadlocks/
https://www.percona.com/community-blog/2018/09/24/minimize-mysql-deadlocks-3-steps/
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Template talk:US-airport-mil
WHy are there two links to weather observations???
There is some... erm... stupidity going on with the whole linking of supposedly "current" observations and "historical" observations from NOAA. That stupidity is the fact that the "current" link goes back a day, while the supposed "historical" link goes back... you'll never believe this... 3 days! I suggest STRONGLY that the "current" link be dumped and the "historical" link be called simply "weather observations from NOAA"... the current linking structure is, IMHO, false advertising.Famartin 03:07, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* With no debate to the contrary, I have removed the duplications. Famartin 10:44, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
any objections to adding a link to NOTAMs
Examples:
* http://www.globalair.com/airport/apt.notams.aspx?aptcode=WAL
* https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/PilotWeb/radiusSearchAction.do?formatType=ICAO&geoIcaoLocId=KWAL&geoIcaoRadius=5&openItems=&actionType=radiusSearch
I'm a bit partial to the FAA one (2nd one) as it's a more reliable source and looks better organized to me but am open to discussion of course.
This is appropriate for military airports as notams involving military exercises, VIP movement, and in the case of KWAL, KVBG, KCOF, and KXMR for rocket launches.--RadioFan (talk) 12:37, 11 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:2012 CECAFA Cup/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Good888 (talk · contribs) 09:20, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
I found the following issues.
Background
* "However, in August 2012, CECAFA General Secretary Nicholas Musonye said that it would be moved to Uganda after a request from the tournament sponsors, East African Breweries." Change said to stated and also link East African Breweries.
* "However, CECAFA Secretary General Nicholas Musonye decided to move the remaining group games from the Namboole Stadium since it had been in bad shape due to heavy rains." Unlink Nicholas Musonye.
Participants
* "Tournament sponsors East African Breweries set a US$450,000 budget for the tournament" Unlink East African Breweries as you are going to link it in the Background section.
* "They replaced Djibouti" Link Djibouti.
Group stage
* "The matchdays were 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 November and 1 December." Rewrite to: "The matchdays were 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 November and 1 December."
* Add the results of the third place qualification matches. | WIKI |
Talk:Swan Bells
notes from 2005
Here's why I tempered the "largest set in the world" comment: click on the "higher number" panel here and compare the Swan Bells to Dublin. Doops | talk 02:35, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
Would swan bells really be considered a 'major' tourist attraction, with its losses and general lack of interest. the perth zoo takes over 500,000 visitors per YEAR, thats a major attraction. 300,000 in 6 years is pretty poor. i might look into average yearly intakes for 'major' tourist attractions, as it doesnt seem to me this would qualify. .cheers. will remove this reference to 'major', would appreciate an explanation to anyone reverting it,cheers,scott
New photo
I recently uploaded a new photo of the Swan Bells from 2007 (right). It's similar to the existing one but higher res and from a different angle and direction. Feel free to use if useful. Dcoetzee 19:43, 21 May 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bear Valley
Bear Valley is a small community in Alpine County, California in the United States of America. It has a population of around 130.
Get in
California State Route 4 is the only road leading to Bear Valley. SR 4 comes from Markleeville to the north-east and Angels Camp to the south-west.
Go next
* - Arnold is a tiny town that offers supplies, restaurants and lodging for visitors to the giant sequoia groves of neighboring Calaveras Big Trees State Park. The town is also the starting point for the Ebbetts Pass National Scenic Byway, a 61 mi stretch of Highways 4 and 89 that leads through incredible mountain scenery as it crosses over 8736 ft Ebbetts Pass, one of the Sierra's least-traveled mountain passes. Additionally, Arnold is home to a 7 acre logging museum that has indoor and outdoor exhibits of large logging equipment and artifacts. | WIKI |
User:Bruno44101/Rules for submitting assignments
These are the rules for submitting assignments.
With date and with consignment
If the task is sent without a date and without the password, it will be sent to do it again.
Do not upload only assignments of one subject
You should not send anything in one week and in the next send only some tasks, since otherwise it will be put that you are up to date with that matter, but that in the rest it is totally behind schedule.
Someone else should not do your homework
Tasks done by other people are not corrected.
Enter subjects
To enter the language subject, you must enter conferences, and physical education activities must be sent to the corresponding teacher, you must also enter the language subject, they are compulsory subjects within the education plan. | WIKI |
Talk:Robin Hunter-Clarke
Deletion May 2017
I fail to see what the purpose of use of this page is. It is not only irrelevant, this chap is mealy a political advisory to a minor opposition party (5/60 seats) in a devolved legislature and a perpetual political candidate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Paulharding150 (talk • contribs) 10:27, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
* If you believe the article should be deleted, leave a note at WT:AFD and someone will help start the debate. But as a matter of policy, the article does claim that the subject is notable - they did serve as a national-level politician in relation to the Leave campaign. That, on its face, seems to satisfy WP:NPOLITICIAN. UltraExactZZ Said~ Did 14:42, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
* Not a notable figure. Can this be reviewed? Wikiview2000 (talk) 09:47, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
Not a notable figure
Comments sought on removing this page from wikipedia due to irrelevance. Subject is not a notable figure and has held no office above being a councillor. Wikiview2000 (talk) 09:42, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
* You're free to pursue WP:AFD on this matter, but I'd advise you to read the read the last discussion on this matter and ensure that the arguments you make address the !keep votes in the last discussion, to avoid repetition. Notability was discussed in that discussion and it was determined the subject is notable. — Czello (music) 09:51, 24 April 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
New Shining Path Trial in Peru
Ten months after his retrial collapsed in chaos, Abimael Guzmán, leader of the leftist guerrilla movement Shining Path, went on trial again on charges of fueling a terror war that killed tens of thousands of Peruvians in the 1980's and 90's. A secret military tribunal convicted Mr. Guzmán after his capture in 1992, but the country's top court ruled the conviction unconstitutional two years ago, ordering a civilian retrial. That proceeding fell apart last November, when Mr. Guzmán and his fellow defendants began chanting Communist slogans in court. This time, cameras and tape recorders have been banned from the heavily guarded court. Juan Forero (NYT) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Woolworths CEO Moir Targets Africa to Drive Sales Growth
South African food and clothing
retailer Woolworths Holdings Ltd. (WHL) expects to more than triple
the proportion of sales it derives from other African countries
within seven years as it taps a growing middle and upper class. The rest of Africa isn’t currently “a huge part of our
business,” Woolworths Chief Executive Officer Ian Moir said in
an interview at the company’s Cape Town headquarters yesterday.
“It’s about 3 percent now. It will get to 10 percent but not
for five to seven years.” Consumer spending in Africa rose at a compound rate of 16
percent between 2005 and 2008 and the continent has more
families with an income exceeding $20,000 a year than India , New
York-based McKinsey & Co. said a June 2010 report. Woolworths
operated 57 stores in 12 African countries outside of its home
market at the end of last year and plans to have between 80 and
104 within two years. Two stores opened recently in Nigeria and one in Mauritius
are performing well and four or five outlets will be operating
in each country soon, while expansion into Angola is being
explored, he said. Woolworths’ net income surged to 1.03 billion rand ($125
million) in the six months ended December from 775 million rand
a year earlier, as sales gained 11 percent to 14.2 billion rand.
Conditions in South Africa were constrained and getting tougher,
Moir said on Feb. 16 when the results were released. Slowing Economy The growth rate in Africa’s largest economy slowed to an
annualized 2.7 percent in the first quarter of this year from
3.2 percent in the previous three months, according to
government data. Expansion in the wholesale and retail
industries eased to 3 percent from 5.2 percent. “It hasn’t necessarily gotten any tougher for us,” Moir
said yesterday. “The overall market is pretty much where it was
in the first six months of the financial year. Our foods
business continues to trade well,” while some problems in the
clothing business have been resolved. The company’s concerns about spiraling prices haven’t
materialized, with food price inflation currently at around 8
percent and clothing inflation between 5 percent and 6 percent,
he said. Biggest Store In April, Woolworths opened its biggest store, a 2,440
square-meter (26,263 square feet) outlet on William Nicol Drive,
a road linking northern and western Johannesburg to the economic
hub of Sandton. The supermarket, which houses a butcher counter,
bakery and coffee shop and sells an extended range of luxury
food, kitchenware and baby products, targets a market dominated
by Shoprite Holdings Ltd. (SHP) and Pick n Pay Stores Ltd. , South
Africa’s biggest grocery chains. “We reached good levels of sales almost immediately,”
Moir said. “We see the possibility for many more of these
stores,” targeting three or four within 12 months and more than
10 in the next four to five years. While Woolworths plans to expand its trading space by 6
percent to 7 percent annually over the next three to four years,
expansion at its Australian unit, Country Road, will be limited,
with a net six new stores planned by mid-2014. The unit boosted
pretax profit by 7.7 percent in the fiscal first half by cutting
costs, yet sales slipped 2.7 percent in Australian dollar terms. Australian Turnaround “The Australian market is extremely tough at the moment,”
Moir said. “It’s going to turn. Most economic commentators are
saying it’s going to be the fastest-growing developed economy in
the world in the next 10 years. We will be able to grow that
business again, and materially, sooner rather than later.” Moir succeeded Simon Susman as CEO in November 2010 after a
decade as head of Country Road. The retailer’s share price has
gained 82 percent since his appointment, while the 10-member
FTSE/JSE Africa General Retailers Index has gained 35 percent. The shares gained 90 cents, or 1.8 percent, to 50.90 rand
at 2:45 p.m. in Johannesburg today, bringing the company’s
market value to 42.5 billion rand. The retailer isn’t related to London-based Woolworths Group
Plc, which collapsed in 2008, or Woolworths Ltd., located in
Sydney. To contact the reporter on this story:
Mike Cohen in Cape Town at
mcohen21@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew J. Barden at
barden@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Fruit of the Tree (Wharton 1907).djvu/250
Rh Bessy rose obediently. “Does he remind you of your promises too? You said you’d come down to dinner tonight.”
“Did I?” Justine hesitated. “Well, I’m coming,” she said, smiling and kissing her friend.
XV
HEN the door closed on Mrs. Amherst a resolve which had taken shape in Justine’s mind during their talk together made her seat herself at her writing-table, where, after a moment’s musing over her suspended pen, she wrote and addressed a hurried note. This business despatched, she put on her hat and jacket, and letter in hand passed down the corridor from her room, and descended to the entrance-hall below. She might have consigned her missive to the post-box which conspicuously tendered its services from a table near the door; but to do so would delay the letter’s despatch till morning, and she felt a sudden impatience to see it start.
The tumult on the terrace had transferred itself within doors, and as Justine went down the stairs she heard the click of cues from the billiard-room, the talk and laughter of belated bridge-players, the movement of servants gathering up tea-cups and mending fires. She had hoped to find the hall empty, but the sight [ 234 ] | WIKI |
12-15 July 2011
Saint George Hotel
Africa/Johannesburg timezone
Structure-property relationship of sol-gel synthesised zinc-oxide nanoparticles
13 Jul 2011, 17:00
2h
Asteria
Asteria
Poster Presentation Track A - Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science Poster1
Speaker
Ms Natasha Venita Peterson (University of the Western Cape)
Description
Zinc-oxide nanoparticles are well known for their novel optical and electronic properties for applications in various fields such as solar cells, ultra violet shielding, gas sensors, paint and heat mirrors. We report on the relation between the structure and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel technique, with specific emphasis on the effect of growth and reaction temperatures. High-resolution microscopy techniques, complemented by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, confirm that the crystallinity and particle size of ZnO nanoparticles is directly related to the synthesis conditions. Optical absorption and emission spectroscopy show that optical band gap and photoluminescence of the ZnO nanoparticles are intimately related to its structural properties, ascribed to the quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirm the emission peaks in the ultraviolet (380 nm) and visible (500 nm) region; the latter attributed to the presence of the singly ionized oxygen vacancies in the nanoparticle.
Consider for a student <br> award (Yes / No)? Yes
Level (Hons, MSc, <br> PhD, other)? MSc
Would you like to <br> submit a short paper <br> for the Conference <br> Proceedings (Yes / No)? Yes
Primary author
Ms Natasha Venita Peterson (University of the Western Cape)
Co-authors
Prof. Christopher Arendse (University of the Western Cape) Dr Mokhotjwa Dhlamini (University of South Africa) Prof. Thembela Hillie (DST/CSIR National Centre for nano-Structured Materials)
Presentation Materials | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rejoice (The Emotions album)
Rejoice is an album by American vocal group the Emotions, issued in June 1977 by Columbia Records. The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart and No. 7 on the Billboard 200 chart. Rejoice has also been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA.
Overview
The album was produced by EWF leader Maurice White. When asked about his favorite non–Earth, Wind & Fire album, White replied: "The Emotions's Rejoice because it had a great vibe, a great ‘feel’. Yeah, I'm proud of that production."
Rejoice also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.
Critical reception
Ace Adams of the New York Daily News stated that the album "displays the growing talent of these rising stars." People said: "This LP offers no messages, pretensions or sexual innuendos but simple romantic themes by four sisters, Wanda, Sheila, Pamela and Jeanette Hutchinson. Their tight harmonies and polished chords make them logical successors to the original Supremes. Producer Maurice White of Earth, Wind and Fire (with whom the girls have toured) provides lush arrangements and joins lead singer Wanda in a smoothly worked Key to My Heart." Larry Rohter of The Washington Post wrote: "As much because of their material as the(ir) vocal style, the Emotions have been able to inject some life and excitement into a soul format that badly needed it." Phyl Garland of Stereo Review proclaimed: "Though there is nothing here that is truly new in terms of musical format or content, "Rejoice" demonstrates what can be done within the limits of popular style when talent and imagination are applied." Garland described the girl group's performance as "thrice nice" and called Rejoice a "very good" album. Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times commented: "Produced by Earth, Wind & Fire's Maurice White, the album has material that is ideal for the female vocal trio's mostly light, upbeat style. The arrangements, too, are skillfully tailored. Not much adventure here, but solid craftsmanship. That ought to count for something these days."
Craig Lytle of AllMusic found that "the radiance the Emotions impart is heartwarming and uplifting... Their gospel roots bring a welcome spiritual feel to this album, which is a superb effort."
Singles
With the LP came the single "Don't Ask My Neighbors" which reached No. 7 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart. The other single released called Best of My Love", reached No. 1 on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and Hot Soul Songs charts. "Best of My Love" won a Grammy for Best R&B Performance By a Duo or Group with Vocals, and an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single. "Best of My Love" has also been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA.
Personnel
The Emotions
* Wanda Hutchinson – vocals
* Sheila Hutchinson – vocals
* Pamela Hutchinson – vocals
* Jeanette Hutchinson – vocals
Musicians
* Clarence McDonald – piano, clavinet
* Marlo Henderson (tracks 2-3, 6, 9), Al McKay (1, 4-5, 7-8) – guitar
* David Shields (tracks 2-3, 6, 9), Verdine White (1, 4-5, 7-8) – bass
* James Gadson (tracks 2-3, 6, 9), Fred White (1, 4-5, 7-8) – drums
* Paulinho DaCosta – percussion
* Larry Dunn – synthesizer (tracks 1, 5)
* Maurice White – drums (tracks 7-8), additional vocals (4)
* Jerry Peters (track 8), Skip Scarborough (7) – electric piano
* George Bohanon, Louis Satterfield, Lew McCreary, George Thatcher – trombones
* Oscar Brashear, Steve Madaio, Chuck Findley – trumpets
* Alan Robinson, Marilyn Robinson, Vincent DeRosa, Sidney Muldrow, Richard Perissi – French horns
* Don Myrick – saxophones, flute
* Charles Veal, Jr. – concertmaster
* Israel Baker, Arnold Belnick, Janice Gower, Betty LaMagna, Dorothy Wade, Robert Sushel – violins
* Rollice Dale, Denyse Buffum, Paul Polivnick – violas
* Raymond Kelley, Selene Hurford, Dennis Karmazyn – cellos
* Dorothy Ashby – harp
* Tom Tom 84 (Thomas Washington) - horn and string arrangements
Charts
* Singles | WIKI |
Modern Authentication with Azure Active Directory for Web Applications
Book Description
Build advanced authentication solutions for any cloud or web environment
Active Directory has been transformed to reflect the cloud revolution, modern protocols, and today’s newest SaaS paradigms. This is an authoritative, deep-dive guide to building Active Directory authentication solutions for these new environments. Author Vittorio Bertocci drove these technologies from initial concept to general availability, playing key roles in everything from technical design to documentation. In this book, he delivers comprehensive guidance for building complete solutions. For each app type, Bertocci presents high-level scenarios and quick implementation steps, illuminates key concepts in greater depth, and helps you refine your solution to improve performance and reliability. He helps you make sense of highly abstract architectural diagrams and nitty-gritty protocol and implementation details. This is the book for people motivated to become experts.
Active Directory Program Manager Vittorio Bertocci shows you how to:
• Address authentication challenges in the cloud or on-premises
• Systematically protect apps with Azure AD and AD Federation Services
• Power sign-in flows with OpenID Connect, Azure AD, and AD libraries
• Make the most of OpenID Connect’s middleware and supporting classes
• Work with the Azure AD representation of apps and their relationships
• Provide fine-grained app access control via roles, groups, and permissions
• Consume and expose Web APIs protected by Azure AD
• Understand new authentication protocols without reading complex spec documents
• Table of Contents
1. Title Page
2. Copyright Page
3. Dedication Page
4. Contents
5. Foreword
6. Introduction
7. Acknowledgments
8. Chapter 1. Your first Active Directory app
1. The sample application
2. Prerequisites
1. Microsoft Azure subscription
2. Visual Studio 2015
3. Creating the application
4. Running the application
5. ClaimsPrincipal: How .NET represents the caller
6. Summary
9. Chapter 2. Identity protocols and application types
1. Pre-claims authentication techniques
1. Passwords, profile stores, and individual applications
2. Domains, integrated authentication, and applications on an intranet
2. Claims-based identity
1. Identity providers: DCs for the Internet
2. Tokens
3. Trust and claims
4. Claims-oriented protocols
3. Round-trip web apps, first-generation protocols
1. The problem of cross-domain single sign-on
2. SAML
3. WS-Federation
4. Modern apps, modern protocols
1. The rise of the programmable web and the problem of access delegation
2. OAuth2 and web applications
3. Layering web sign-in on OAuth
4. OpenID Connect
5. More API consumption scenarios
6. Single-page applications
7. Leveraging web investments in native clients
5. Summary
10. Chapter 3. Introducing Azure Active Directory and Active Directory Federation Services
1. Active Directory Federation Services
1. ADFS and development
2. Getting ADFS
3. Protocols support
2. Azure Active Directory: Identity as a service
1. Azure AD and development
2. Getting Azure Active Directory
3. Azure AD for developers: Components
4. Notable nondeveloper features
3. Summary
11. Chapter 4. Introducing the identity developer libraries
1. Token requestors and resource protectors
1. Token requestors
2. Resource protectors
3. Hybrids
2. The Azure AD libraries landscape
1. Token requestors
2. Resource protectors
3. Hybrids
3. Visual Studio integration
1. AD integration features in Visual Studio 2013
2. AD integration features in Visual Studio 2015
4. Summary
12. Chapter 5. Getting started with web sign-on and Active Directory
1. The web app you build in this chapter
1. Prerequisites
2. Steps
2. The starting project
3. NuGet packages references
4. Registering the app in Azure AD
5. OpenID Connect initialization code
1. Host the OWIN pipeline
2. Initialize the cookie and OpenID Connect middlewares
6. [Authorize], claims, and first run
1. Adding a trigger for authentication
2. Showing some claims
3. Running the app
7. Quick recap
8. Sign-in and sign-out
1. Sign-in logic
2. Sign-out logic
3. The sign-in and sign-out UI
4. Running the app
9. Using ADFS as an identity provider
10. Summary
13. Chapter 6. OpenID Connect and Azure AD web sign-on
1. The protocol and its specifications
1. OpenID Connect Core 1.0
2. OpenID Connect Discovery
3. OAuth 2.0 Multiple Response Type, OAuth2 Form Post Response Mode
4. OpenID Connection Session Management
5. Other OpenID Connect specifications
6. Supporting specifications
2. OpenID Connect exchanges signing in with Azure AD
1. Capturing a trace
2. Authentication request
3. Discovery
4. Authentication
5. Response
6. Sign-in sequence diagram
7. The ID token and the JWT format
3. OpenID Connect exchanges for signing out from the app and Azure AD
4. Summary
14. Chapter 7. The OWIN OpenID Connect middleware
1. OWIN and Katana
1. What is OWIN?
2. Katana
2. OpenID Connect middleware
1. OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions
2. Notifications
3. TokenValidationParameters
1. Valid values
2. Validation flags
3. Validators
4. Miscellany
4. More on sessions
5. Summary
15. Chapter 8. Azure Active Directory application model
1. The building blocks: Application and ServicePrincipal
1. The Application
2. The ServicePrincipal object
2. Consent and delegated permissions
1. Application created by a nonadmin user
2. Interlude: Delegated permissions to access the directory
3. Application requesting admin-level permissions
4. Admin consent
5. Application created by an admin user
6. Multitenancy
3. App user assignment, app permissions, and app roles
1. App user assignment
2. App roles
3. Application permissions
4. Groups
5. Summary
16. Chapter 9. Consuming and exposing a web API protected by Azure Active Directory
1. Consuming a web API from a web application
1. Redeeming an authorization code in the OpenID Connect hybrid flow
2. Using the access token for invoking a web API
3. Other ways of getting access tokens
2. Exposing a protected web API
1. Setting up a web API project
2. Handling web API calls
3. Exposing both a web UX and a web API from the same Visual Studio project
4. A web API calling another API: Flowing the identity of the caller and using “on behalf of”
5. Protecting a web API with ADFS “3”
3. Summary
17. Chapter 10. Active Directory Federation Services in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 3
1. Setup (for developers)
2. The new management UX
3. Web sign-on with OpenID Connect and ADFS
1. OpenID Connect middleware and ADFS
2. Setting up a web app in ADFS
3. Testing the web sign-on feature
4. Protecting a web API with ADFS and invoking it from a web app
1. Setting up a web API in ADFS
2. Code for obtaining an access token from ADFS and invoking a web API
3. Testing the web API invocation feature
4. Additional settings
5. Summary
18. Appendix: Further reading
19. Index
20. About the author
21. Code Snippets
Product Information
• Title: Modern Authentication with Azure Active Directory for Web Applications
• Author(s): Vittorio Bertocci
• Release date: December 2015
• Publisher(s): Microsoft Press
• ISBN: 9780735698475 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brooklyn Preparatory High School
Brooklyn Preparatory High School is a 9-12th grade college-focused public high school in Brooklyn, New York. It has 500 students enrolled.
Academics
As Brooklyn Prep is a college prep high school, students take four years of the major core subjects, and are provided opportunities for Advanced Placement and elective courses as well.
Senior Capstone
Senior Capstone is a course designed to build college level reading, writing and discussion for senior students. During the first semester, students study topics in government and economics, choosing their own case studies. The second semester, students research a relevant topic of their choosing, write an academic research paper, and present their research to the school community. | WIKI |
Christopher I (Danish: Christoffer I) (1219 – 29 May 1259) was King of Denmark between 1252 and 1259. He was the son of Valdemar II of Denmark by his second wife, Berengaria of Portugal. He succeeded his brothers Eric IV Plovpenning and Abel of Denmark on the throne. Christopher was elected king upon the death of his older brother Abel in the summer of 1252. He was crowned at Lund Cathedral on Christmas Day 1252.
|King of Denmark|
|Coronation||Christmas Day 1252|
|Successor||Eric V Klipping|
|Died||29 May 1259 (aged 39–40)|
|Eric V Klipping|
|Father||Valdemar II of Denmark|
|Mother||Berengaria of Portugal|
King of DenmarkEdit
Christopher began organizing the effort to have his brother Erik IV Plovpenning canonized, laying his murder directly at the feet of his other brother Abel of Denmark. If recognized by the pope, the murder would exclude Abel's sons from the succession and guarantee Christopher's own sons Denmark's crown. This meant that Christopher as a younger son tried to keep the sons of his older brothers from ruling Denmark, which went against prevailing customs.
The king spent most of his reign fighting his many opponents. By allowing Abel's son, Valdemar Abelsøn, to be Duke of Schleswig he prevented an all-out civil war, but became the target of intrigue and treachery. Southern Jutland including Schleswig and Holstein were independent from the king's rule for a time. Christopher also gained a ferocious enemy in the newly named Archbishop of Lund, Jacob Erlandsen, who was closely connected with Abel's family. Erlandsen asserted his rights often at odds with the king. King Christopher insisted that the church pay taxes like any other land owner. Bishop Jacob refused and went so far as to forbid peasants who lived or worked on church properties to give military service to King Christopher. Erlandsen was perhaps the wealthiest man in the kingdom and insisted that the secular government have no control or hold over the church, its property, or ecclesiastical personnel. He simply excommunicated the king to show that he wasn't about to surrender to the king's will.
After an incursion into Halland by Haakon IV of Norway, in 1256, Christopher was reconciled with the kings of Norway and Sweden which had been provoked by Abel's interventions. There were peasant uprisings against King Christopher the same year and again in 1258 as a result of Christopher's new property tax. Archbishop Jacob refused to recognize Christopher's young son, Eric, as Denmark's rightful heir in 1257 and threatened excommunication against any bishop who anointed the prince as king of Denmark. That was the last straw. He ordered Bishop Erlandsen's own brother to arrest the troublesome archbishop. Christopher humiliated the proud and powerful Archbishop Jakob by forcing him to wear secular clothing and a fool's cap with a fox tail attached. The archbishop was paraded through the country to Hagenskov near Assens where he was chained and cast into prison. Erlandsen had ordered at a Vejle church council that if he was imprisoned that the bishops were to declare interdict against the whole country, but none of them did. Bishop of Roskilde Peder Bang fled to Rügen and convinced Chief Jaromar II to invade Zealand.
Christopher tried to have his brother Eric IV canonized, but without Archbishop Jacobs' support it came to naught. When Duke Valdemar died, King Christopher tried to prevent Valdemar's brother, Eric Abelsøn, from taking the duke's place. Valdemar's widow encouraged a few counts of northern Germany to rebel. In the confusion, Christopher fled to Southern Jutland to stay with the Bishop of Ribe.
The King died unexpectedly after taking Holy Communion. According to contemporary sources, King Christopher died after drinking poisoned communion wine from the hands of abbot Arnfast of Ryd Abbey in revenge for his mistreatment of Archbishop Erlendsen and the king's oppression of the church. King Christopher's excommunication had no effect, and he was buried in front of the high altar of Ribe Cathedral immediately after his death on 29 May 1259. The king may have died of natural causes; Christopher's allies, however, called him Krist-Offer ("Christ's sacrifice"). Christopher was succeeded by his son Eric, as Eric V of Denmark.
The Danehof became an institution during his rule. It functioned like a national council which had limited advisory and judicial functions.
Media related to Christopher I of Denmark at Wikimedia Commons | FINEWEB-EDU |
Web 2.0 for Professional Use/E-Mail
E-mail for Web 2.0 Professional Use
E-mail is one of the most common communication methods within the professional world today. Therefore, it is important to know the best, most effective ways to use the tool professionally when corresponding with others in the business world.
This page was created for viewers to gain a better understanding of using e-mail appropriately in the professional, business world. A tool, like e-mail, is only as powerful as the person operating it; therefore, it is important that the people writing, sending, and receiving e-mails are doing so effectively. This page serves to educate and guide the senders of e-mails on the basic construction of professional e-mails, general e-mail do's and don'ts, and professional Web etiquette when looking for a job.
Because of the transition in professional communication to e-mail, every legit professional has an e-mail address nowadays. If you are trying to reach a professional but do not know his or her e-mail address, here are three easy ways to acquire it:
1. Call and ask the receptionist.
2. Go to the company Web site and extrapolate.
* If you have<EMAIL_ADDRESS>then all employees are in that format.
3. Ninety percent of the time it will follow one of three formats:
*<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<EMAIL_ADDRESS> * To ensure that you have reached the person, you can send it to all three of these possible addresses because the recipient won’t see the unsuccessful attempts
/Basic Parts of Professional E-mails/
/General E-mail Do's and Don'ts/
/Professional Web Etiquette When Looking for a Job/ | WIKI |
@syncfusion/ej2-notifications
A package of Essential JS 2 notification components such as Toast and Badge which used to notify important information to end-users.
Usage no npm install needed!
<script type="module">
import syncfusionEj2Notifications from 'https://cdn.skypack.dev/@syncfusion/ej2-notifications';
</script>
README
ej2-notifications
ej2-notifications
This is a commercial product and requires a paid license for possession or use. Syncfusion’s licensed software, including this component, is subject to the terms and conditions of Syncfusion's EULA. To acquire a license, you can purchase one at https://www.syncfusion.com/sales/products or start a free 30-day trial here.
A free community license is also available for companies and individuals whose organizations have less than $1 million USD in annual gross revenue and five or fewer developers.
Setup
To install Notification and its dependent packages, use the following command
npm install @syncfusion/ej2-notifications
Components included
Following list of components are available in the package
Badges
Badges can be used to alert users about new or unread messages, notifications, and additional information to the content. This can be used in conjunction with lists to represent each list’s timeline such as ‘new’, ‘old’, and ‘preview’.
Toasts
The toast is a small container, in which user can show a single or multiple informative lines with actions.
Supported Frameworks
Notification component is also offered in following list of frameworks.
1. Angular
2. React
3. VueJS
4. ASP.NET Core
5. ASP.NET MVC
6. JavaScript (ES5)
Key Features
Badges
1. Types - Provided 8 different types of Badges.
2. Predefined Colours - Provided 8 predefined situational colours of Badges.
3. Position - Supports 3 different positions, such as default, top and bottom.
Toasts
1. Position - Enables to position the toast anywhere on the screen. It has a predefined set of positions and custom inputs for position based on the target.
2. Autohide and TimeOut - Toast can be expired based on the timeOut property; it hides toast automatically when reaches specific time without user interaction.
3. Multi Toast - Toasts can support to display multiple toasts with various time delay.
4. Progress Bar - Supports to visually indicate time lapse when the toast expires.
5. Action Buttons - Supports to add buttons in the toast for archiving any actions within the toast.
6. Template - User customized element can be defined for the toast using the template property.
Support
Product support is available for through following mediums.
License
Check the license detail here.
Changelog
Check the changelog here
© Copyright 2019 Syncfusion, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Syncfusion Essential Studio license and copyright applies to this distribution. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2004 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
The 2004 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League (NFL), the 7th playing their home games at Raymond James Stadium, and the 3rd under head coach Jon Gruden.
John Lynch, for the first time since 1992, and Warren Sapp, for the first time since 1994. were not on the opening day roster.
This season began with the team trying to improve on their 7–9 record in 2003, but they fell even further to a 5-11 record and missed the playoffs for the second straight season and also finished the season with double-digit losses for the first time since 1994. Brian Griese set a number of franchise records for passing. Michael Clayton set a rookie record for receiving.
This was the first time the Buccaneers suffered from consecutive losing seasons since 1995 and 1996.
The Bucs acquired Hall of Fame wide receiver Tim Brown, who was well known for his tenure with the Raiders. After his only season in Tampa Bay, Brown decided to hang it up after 17 seasons. They also acquired former Seattle Seahawks and Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Joey Galloway in a trade for Keyshawn Johnson.
Offseason
Before the 2004 training camp, personnel issues and the salary cap became primary concerns. Gruden successfully lobbied the Glazers to hire his former general manager from Oakland, Bruce Allen. After Allen's arrival in the Buccaneers' front office, the team announced that it would not re-sign two of their notable defensive players (John Lynch and Warren Sapp). Both of their contracts were expiring, and younger players would fill their positions. Lynch was released after medical exams indicated ongoing injury problems. Many Buccaneers fans were stunned by the move, as Lynch was a very popular player whose aggressive, intelligent play earned him several Pro Bowl appearances. He was also well regarded for his philanthropic work in the Tampa-area. Lynch was quickly signed by the Denver Broncos, where he had consecutive injury-free Pro Bowl seasons. Sapp signed with the Oakland Raiders, where he played in a limited role in 2004, and sat out much of the 2005 season with injuries but returned to form in 2006. Since wide receiver Keenan McCardell refused to play until he was given a better contract or traded, he was sent to the San Diego Chargers for draft compensation.
Tampa Bay's free agent signings in 2004 included a number of expensive and aging players meant to jumpstart Gruden's offense. These players included tackle Todd Steussie, running back Charlie Garner and tackle Derrick Deese. The 32-year-old Charlie Garner signed a reported $20-million contract with a $4-million signing bonus but only played 3 games before going on IR, he would never play again. Todd Steussie was often injured while Derrick Deese only played for the team for one year before retiring.
Preseason
In August, Hurricane Charley brought training camp to a screeching halt. The Buccaneers' first preseason game was also postponed (from Saturday to Monday) due to the storm. After returning to Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex, it was determined that the soaked fields and disrupted schedule was too much to overcome. The team broke camp over a week early, and returned to Tampa. A "rump" week of camp took place at the team facilities, and at the same time, some players and team officials tended to damaged homes in the wake of the storm.
Regular season
The distracted Buccaneers began the 2004 season with a 1–5 record, their worst start since 1996. The fading accuracy of kicker Martin Gramatica did not help matters and he was cut after week 12, as the team lost many close games en route to a 5–11 record. The Buccaneers became the first NFL team to follow up a Super Bowl championship with back-to-back losing seasons. The lone highlights of 2004 were the high-quality play of rookie wide receiver Michael Clayton and the return of Doug Williams, who joined the Bucs front office as a personnel executive.
The Buccaneers finished their year under Jon Gruden with the 22nd ranked offense and the 5th ranked defense.
Week 1: at Washington Redskins
Opening day saw Tampa Bay visit Washington. In the second quarter, Brad Johnson threw deep for an apparent 29-yard touchdown pass to newly acquired wide receiver Joey Galloway. Galloway, was unable to secure the ball, and suffered a groin injury on the play. After a Martin Gramatica field goal, the Buccaneers entered halftime trailing 10–3.
Ronde Barber tied the score at 10–10 after he recovered a Mark Brunell fumble 9 yards for a touchdown. After an interception, Washington, managed two field goals in the fourth period, and held on to win 16–10.
Week 2: Seattle Seahawks
Brad Johnson struggled mightily, completing only 4-of-7 for 34 yards and one interception. Jon Gruden pulled Johnson after the first quarter and replaced him with second year player Chris Simms, to the delight of fans.
Simms drove the Buccaneers to the Seattle 1 yard line. Attempting a quarterback sneak on third-and-goal, Simms fumbled the snap. Tampa Bay settled for a field goal and a 10–3 halftime deficit. In the fourth quarter, another field goal narrowed the game to 10–6. With just over two minutes left, Simms drove the Buccaneers to the Seattle 26. The game ended, however, after he was intercepted with 1:11 to go.
Simms debut yielded mixed results; 175 yard passing, but no touchdowns, and two costly turnovers. The Buccaneers started the season 0–2.
Week 3: at Oakland Raiders
Tampa Bay traveled to Oakland, for a rematch of Super Bowl XXXVII on Sunday Night Football. The game saw the Buccaneers face former player Warren Sapp (who signed with Oakland in the offseason) for the first time. This game was being played while central Florida, including Tampa, was being impacted by Hurricane Jeanne.
Brad Johnson was back in place at starting quarterback, but his numbers were again mediocre. He threw two interceptions (one was returned for a touchdown). Trailing 30–6, Johnson managed two fourth quarter touchdown passes (Tampa Bay's first offensive touchdowns of the season), but the comeback stalled, and the Buccaneers started the season 0–3.
Also, Tim Brown, playing his swan song season in Tampa Bay, scored his 100th and final career touchdown against his old team, the Raiders.
Week 4: Denver Broncos
Tampa Bay's dismal start continued, as they dropped to 0–4 on the season. Brad Johnson connected with Michael Clayton for a 51-yard touchdown in the first half, but three Jason Elam field goals proved to be the winning edge for Denver.
Week 5: at New Orleans Saints
Tampa Bay broke a six-game losing streak (dating back to 2003), defeating the Saints 20–17. Slumping Brad Johnson was benched for the season, and Chris Simms started at quarterback. Simms' first NFL start was short-lived, however, as he left the game in the first quarter with a sprained shoulder. Brian Griese took over at quarterback, later connecting on a 45-yard touchdown to Ken Dilger, which proved to be the winning margin.
Week 6: at St. Louis Rams
Tampa Bay faced St. Louis on Monday Night Football for the fourth time in five seasons. A Michael Pittman fumble was returned 93 yards for a touchdown by Adam Archuleta, and Martin Gramatica missed two field goal attempts, sinking the Buccaneers' chances at victory.
With a final rating of 7.7, this was the lowest-ever rated MNF game on ABC.
Week 7: Chicago Bears
Michael Pittman rushed for 109 yards, and Brian Griese threw a touchdown pass as Tampa Bay prevailed over the visiting Chicago Bears.
Week 9: Kansas City Chiefs
The lone highlight game of Tampa Bay's forgetful 2004 season came against Kansas City in week 9. Brian Griese threw for 296 yards and two touchdowns, while Michael Pittman rushed for 128 yards on the ground.
Late in the first quarter, Trent Green connected to Eddie Kennison for a 59-yard gain to the Tampa Bay 11 yard line. Dwight Smith forced a fumble, and Brian Kelly returned the fumble 32 yards for the Buccaneers. The turnover led to a touchdown and a 14–7 lead.
Early in the third quarter, Pittman broke away for a 78-yard touchdown run, the longest in Buccaneer history. Tampa Bay took the lead 34–31 after another Pittman score with 12 minutes to go.
Jermaine Phillips sealed the game for Tampa Bay, intercepting Green with just under six minutes left. Kansas City had one final chance, but the Buccaneer defense forced a turnover on downs with only 1:15 to go.
Week 10: at Atlanta Falcons
Michael Vick rushed for 76 yards, and had 176 yard passing, as Tampa Bay fell to division rival Atlanta.
Week 11: San Francisco 49ers
Tampa Bay crushed the lowly 49ers 35–3. Brian Griese passed for 210 yards and two touchdown passes, and Michael Pittman rushed for 106 yards and two touchdown runs.
Tampa Bay won their fourth game out of the last six, and improved to 4–6 on the season.
Week 12: at Carolina Panthers
Brian Griese threw for 347 yards and two touchdowns, but mistakes cost the Buccaneers dearly, and they fell to Carolina 21–14.
A Griese interception was returned for a touchdown, and Martin Gramatica's kicking woes continued. He missed two field goal attempts during the game, which brought his season total to 8 misses.
Week 13: Atlanta Falcons
Kicker Martin Gramatica was benched for the season, and journeyman veteran Jay Taylor took his place. Tampa Bay crushed Atlanta 27–0, knocking Michael Vick out of the game for a play, forcing two fumbles, and one interception.
At 5–7, Tampa Bay found themselves only one game out of the NFC wild card hunt.
Week 14: at San Diego Chargers
Tampa Bay returned to San Diego for the first time since winning Super Bowl XXXVII, as Brian Griese threw for 392 yards, but four turnovers foiled Tampa Bay's chances for victory against the San Diego Chargers. Tied 21–21 with 4 minutes remaining, Griese's pass was intercepted and returned for a game icing touchdown.
Week 15: New Orleans Saints
Former Buccaneer Aaron Stecker returned the opening kickoff 98 yards for a touchdown (something he never accomplished playing for Tampa Bay) as New Orleans beat Tampa Bay 21–17. Tampa Bay fell to 5–9, guaranteed themselves of their second consecutive losing season, and effectively eliminated themselves from playoff contention.
The Buccaneers led 17–7 with just over 3 minutes to go, but late-game miscues on offense and defense sunk the Buccaneers. Aaron Brooks connected on two touchdowns in the final three minutes, lifting the Saints to victory.
Week 16: Carolina Panthers
Carolina routed Tampa Bay 37–20 in front of an only partially full Raymond James Stadium. Trailing 24–7, Brian Griese connected for two touchdown passes, but the comeback was for naught.
Week 17: at Arizona Cardinals
Chris Simms returned from injury to start his second game. A 75-yard touchdown pass to Michael Clayton gave the Buccaneers a 7–6 lead. Four turnovers, however, kept the game out of reach, and Tampa Bay lost to the four field goals by Arizona.
Tampa Bay started the season with 4 straight losses, ended the season with 4 straight losses, and finished a hapless 5–11. | WIKI |
Fahad Al Hamad
Fahad Hazza Al Hamad Al Fahad (فهد هزاع الحمد الفهد, born 1 December 1983) is a Kuwaiti former footballer who played as a forward. | WIKI |
What Is A Band-Aid？
Views: 854 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: Origin: Site
Definition of band-aid
Band-Aid is a long tape with gauze soaked in medicine in the middle, which is used to stick to the wound to protect the wound, temporarily stop bleeding, resist bacterial regeneration, and prevent the wound from being damaged again. It is the most commonly used emergency medical supplies in hospitals, clinics and families. Band-Aids, commonly known as sterilization elastic band-aids, are the most commonly used emergency medical supplies in people's lives. Band-Aids are mainly composed of plain cloth tape and absorbent pads. With hemostasis, protective effect. According to different needs, there are various shapes of Band-Aids for patients to use.
band-aid supply
Types of band-aid
According to the 2019 Medical Device Classification Catalogue of the State Drug Administration, Band-Aids are divided into:
①The sterile, one-time-use band-aids belong to the management category of Class II medical devices, and are used for the care of superficial wounds such as small wounds, abrasions, and cuts.
②The non-sterile, disposable band-aids belong to the management category of Class I medical devices, and are used for first aid and temporary dressing of small wounds, abrasions, cuts and other superficial wounds.
Materials of band-aid
Both usually consist of a sheet or roll-shaped wound dressing consisting of an gummed substrate, an absorbent pad, an anti-adhesion layer, and a peelable protective layer. The absorbent pads are generally made of materials that can absorb exudates. The contained ingredients do not have pharmacological effects. The ingredients contained are not absorbed by the human body.
Use of band-aid
Commonly used for hemostasis, anti-inflammatory or healing of acute small wounds. It is especially suitable for cuts, scratches or stab wounds with neat, clean, superficial, small incisions and no need for sutures. It is convenient to carry and easy to use. It is a necessary medical and health material for family, hospital and clinic first aid.
Pros and cons of band-aids:
①Advantages: Band-Aid can compress and stop bleeding, protect wound surface, prevent infection, and promote healing. At the same time, it has the advantages of small size, simple use, convenient carrying and reliable efficacy.
②Disadvantages: The adhesive tape used in the traditional Band-Aid has poor air permeability, and the water vapor and sweat normally secreted by the human body cannot penetrate this layer of tape, so it has a soaking effect on the local skin, which is manifested as local skin folds.
band-aid supply
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Talk:Environmental impact of wind power/Archive 5
<IP_ADDRESS> hs neither read nor understood the sources in question
* 83 (Kirchhoff) quoted
* 84 (Job) quoted
* 85 (Ratzbor) quoted
* 91 (Ohlhorst) quoted
* 92 (UNESCO) quoted
* 97 (Nohl) is btw way professor of landscape planning, quoted
* 98 (Schöbel) titel tells what is worded in the article, he is professor for landscape architectur at TUM Munich
* 99 (Fittkau) doesnt need page entries, since he doesnt have any. Its the Deutschlandfunk entry about the government survey, not the survey itself
Beforwe the aestetics entry was more or less based on guardian articles and lobbying fact sheets. If this were about nuclear energy, one could state greenwashing without being offended by users logged out to convey their runts. Serten (talk) 18:54, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
* Let's start with the first one (Kirchhoff), which you use to reference a statement like "Aesthetic considerations of wind power have a strong impact on the evalution of energy infrastructure". But that does not reflect the nuanced discussion in the article. The author rather says that 'aesthetic considerations are of relevance when landscapes are used for energy production from renewable sources' and that 'renewable energy plants can have significant impact on the aesthetic qualities of landscapes that from the perspectives of conservative, romantic or enlightenment ideals can be considered as worth protecting'. See the difference? -- ELEKHHT 23:46, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
* I would like to comment here either on your statement at the Portal site and answer your question.
* * ON the portal, you claim "undue weight", "cherrypicked examples" and "overall POV" from my side, right? Lets try to keep WP:Civil ;) First UNESCO or local heritage status - and the impact of wind mills in question is not at all a minor issue nor cherrypicked. It has major implications, is part of a controversy which is part of the scientific discourse (Werner Nohl, a professor for landscape planning, is much more critical than I). The controversy does as well divide those which are in favor to protect the environment. Insofar the alleged POV is a sourced one. We all have a POV, articles that describe controversies have to describe the POVs of the different parties involved in the real scientific and lay communities.
* * Reagrding (Kirchhoff), your quotations is more of an selective interpretation, you imho mention the method he uses, but not his basic assumptions. My entries cover the basic statement in the abstract "the changes of the visual landscape are frequently significant, and they emotionally rank first for many citizens". Neither is wind mill resistance is a mere Nimby issue, nor the points raised by Kirchhoff lack general value. E.g. the US Cape Wind project was delayed for years for aestetic reasons. According Kirchhoffs article, the aestetic impact of wind turbines on landscape views is much more relevant than the one on species - since the aesthetic impact covers / impairs much more space. He tries to introduce objective criteria (based on the different aesthetic standpoints you quote) which may help to find adequate compromises. Thats a good approach btw.
* As said, the previous version of the articles aestetics section was neither covering the debate nor did it use adequate sourcing. My change request has been based on the impression, that birds and noise are being covered much more in detail (undue weight) und did not cover the relevant issues, which are, as quoted and sourced from te scientific debate predominantly aethetic. This still has to be correctedSerten (talk) 10:53, 5 August 2014 (UTC)
* Serten, please name the page numbers of your quotations. I asked you to do that yesterday and you did nothing. You named several publications or books, but NEVER cited a precise page number. I want you to correct that and use precise page numbers so everyone can check if you cited properly or not. And that only works if you name the precise page number. And precise does mean 123 or 123f, but not 123 ff or 123-133. These aren't quotations, these are signs of lots of free interpretation and no real quoted sentence. And that's not what we are supposed to do here. So please give us that important page numbers or I have to ans will delete every sentence that I cannot verify. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:48, 5 August 2014 (UTC)
* Serten, your answer is again missing the point, none contested the relevance of aesthetic considerations. Please try read more carefully what others say. Back to Kirchhoff, "strong impact" is not the same with "frequently significant", and emotional rank is not the same as "evalution of energy infrastructure". And the bolded text above 'the aestetic impact of wind turbines on landscape views is much more relevant than the one on species - since the aesthetic impact covers / impairs much more space' is again severely distorting the text, as "wirken" in this context does not mean "impair", but 'have an effect'. Also note that making many edits within minutes without edit summaries and often revising previous edits makes cooperation difficult. Given that what you're doing is contested and you make so many English mistakes, I would suggest you work on a draft in a sandbox before editing the article. -- ELEKHHT 04:36, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
* I tend to summarize sources, not to verbally quote them. I wont give a page entry, when the whole book - already based on its title and author - is supporting a entry I provide. I do not agree with the notion of "severely distorting". The author says effect, yes, but he talks about a negative effect. Summarized, its a possible impair / negative impact, not merely a side show. With regard to my POV, I see as one of the problems, that people tend to discuss whole technology branches (as wind, fracking or nuclear energies) instead of discussing projects and their specific use and gains. That said, I am not willing to take part in a discussion about wind energy or renewaeables being bad or good for mankind per se. IMHO Reneweables are or may be an important part of the energy mix, but as any infrastructure technology, they get more of a nuisance in some places than others. I suggest youre coming up with a corrected wording yourself. Serten (talk) 07:43, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
* You summarize sources?! Oh my goodness... So you want to say that you read a book and than write something of an essay of what you think is the opinion of the author? That is worse than what I expected. There is only one possibility: Stop that immediatelly!! That is not the way we work in wikipedia. You seem to be new so maybe you didn't know, but this way of working is just absolutely impossible.
* I'm sorry, but then I will have to delete every sentence in which you didn't quote what the authors wrote. This may be explaining your insistent resistance to name page numbers and the discussions here at the talk page, but sorry this working style is a absolute no-go. I am sorry if this sounds harsh, but better you learn it the hard way in the beginning before you get used to it. In Wikipedia your opinion is completely meaningless. But by summarizing sources as you understand them you only write your opinion and even attribute it to works of authors that probably wrote something completely different. That is a huge problem, even if you maybe didn't notice till now. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:17, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
Warning to User Serten
By looking at what is going on here, it is clear that the edits of User Serten are NOT covered by the sources he cites. See this edit amongst others on this discussion page. In the German Wikipedia he has lost the right to flag his edits as a sighted version after this case of vandalism because of exactly this behavior. He continues exactly at the point where he stopped. This is unacceptable. --Hg6996 (talk) 10:54, 5 August 2014 (UTC)
* Serten, you deleted a section of another user, who explained to us that in the German Wikipedia you have lost your user rights due to continuing and massive source problems (wegen anhaltenden und erheblichen Zweifeln an seiner Quellenarbeit)? And you did this in a discussion about massivly missinterpreted or possibly manipulated sources? Do you really think this is a wise behavior? What ar you expecting us to think now? First there are massive problems with your sources, then somebody else tells us that you did this several times in the German Wikipedia. And than you delete this warning, which is most important to other users here as if to hide this? This is really a challenge for Assume good faith. You know that it is, don't you? Now I expect a very detailed and believable explanatory statement. And I must admit that I think about reverting every of your edits, if this statement leaves questions. Don't play with us, give answers. Manipulation of sources is a very severe vandalism, and it is nothing I allow someone to do. I think I have been clear. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:52, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
* No, you havent, and the whole runting doesnt belong here. Serten (talk) 18:39, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
Miracle
According the German IP coal or gas power stations remain transparent or invisible to the naked eye is a) stated in one of the sources in question and b) a valid statement. Youre kidding, right? Serten (talk) 05:56, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
* You just beat me to it. That's ridiculous nonsense. I shall delete it. HiLo48 (talk) 06:57, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
* Quite interesting - if I provide page numbers, there are people that do not wat to read them. I mean if some one is to reinstall nonsense just to annoy another author, he (or she) should stop etiting at all here. Serten (talk) 14:11, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
* Stop claiming things that are wrong. On page 91 (you wrote 90 ff) there is written: "Als Gegenentwurf zur bisherigen Energiepolitik wurden der Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie, Energiesparkonzepte sowie ein konsequenter Umstieg auf Techniken zur Nutzung regenerativer Energien gefordert (Bechmann 1984: 218; Binswanger et al. 1988: 45 ff.). Diese system-oppositionellen Forderungen nach einem Pfad der „sanften Energienutzung“ waren das Leitthema eines kritischen Energiediskurses, der in den 1980er Jahren in der Ökologiebewegung geführt wurde (Mautz 2008, im Erscheinen).52 Die Umweltbewegung schaffte sich in dieser Zeit eine umfangreiche institutionelle Struktur (Roth & Rucht 1987)."
* On page 163 is written: "Zum anderen sieht sich die Nischenkonstellation mit Problemen konfrontiert, die aus der vorangehenden Boomphase resultieren und als Preis- und Innovationsdruck in Erscheinung treten. Zugleich nehmen Anzahl und Größe der Windenergieanlagen zu. Damit wird die Technologie sichtbarer, ihre Entwicklung wird von einer steigenden gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung begleitet, die zum Teil sehr kritisch ist. Naturschutz- und Umweltverbände sowie Bürgerinitiativen äußern verstärkt Kritik an dem zunehmend industriellen Charakter der Windenergiegewinnung."
* So, where can I find the sentence that wind energy isn't soft path? In the second part there is absolutly nothing about soft path, or wind turbines being not soth path. The fact that turbines nowadays are produced industrially instead of local maufacturing has nothing to do with soft path. So the conclusion drawn by you, i.e. that wind energy isn't soft path is made up by you. And it is WP:Syn, because you mixed up two sentences which are on p 91 and 163 (!) as if they are following each other. In fact they are in different chapters, dealing with different things and don't even refer to each other! Again you manipulated your sources to make them say your opinion about wind power. Do you find that funny? You did this again and again and again the last few days! This is vandalism! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:34, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
* As said, summarizing the essence of complete books is somewhat important (and completely in line with WP guidelines), Wikiquote is elsewhere. Youre having a quite personal view, among anothers that coal plants are invisible. Try WP:fringe and do not disturb grown up people. Serten (talk) 16:32, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
* No, manipulating sources is not in line with WP guidelines, and personal attacks aren't either. It's absolutely clear that both sentences don't refer to each other and that by putting these together you draw a conlusion that isn't the author's. And because you know that and can't deny it you must start a personal attack. If thats what you call grown up, then thats not what I want to be. And that two sentences that are taken out of context are the esence of the book is a claim I can't take serious. And I wonder why the auther doesn't repeat it in the conclusion if it is the essence of the complete book.
* About the visibility, I'm sorry, this was my mistake. What I understood was that there are a lot of wind turbines which are high, whilst there are only few gas power plants, so most people see wind turbines while only few see gas power plants. But after looking after other contributions of the user I can conclude that it was vandalism and I didn't notice. Can't comprehend my thoughts any more, maybe had not enough coffee yesterday. So this revert was wrong, the others weren't. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:03, 7 August 2014 (UTC)
No greenhouse gases?
"Unlike electricity derived from fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, wind power does not use fuel or employ a fueling cycle, thus emitting no air pollution or greenhouse gases.[2]" is asserted in the lead. The offshore wind turbines in the North Sea cost £10M each and presumably use a lot of concrete and metal to build. They will also presumably need a bit of an effort, involving fossil fuels, to remove at the end of their ?20 year life. No greenhouse gases? Ridiculous. What should this be amended to? Gravuritas (talk) 07:12, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* The statement you condemn is absolutely true. Simple logic tells us so. If you want to go hunting for well sourced, comparable figures for construction and decommissioning costs for all power sources, feel free, but don't think you can just make up some figures for wind turbines yourself and include them in the article in isolation. They would mean nothing HiLo48 (talk) 07:23, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* Well, as you've asked so nicely, try Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources for a source that blows away "...no ..greenhouse gases..". Incorrect statement deleted.
* Gravuritas (talk) 08:07, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* Better manners and honesty would have had you say that you corrected the sentence, rather than deleted an incorrect statement, but thank you anyway. Are you heading to all the fossil fuel articles now to highlight how much air pollution and greenhouses gases are involved with them? HiLo48 (talk) 08:16, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* Lessons in honesty from someone whose logic tells him that wind power has no greenhouse gases? Or lessons in manners from someone who can't admit that their logic went astray? It's very hard to know which is least appealing. Certainly taking advice on which entries to edit from someone who can't logic their way out of a paper bag is not on my agenda.
* If you prefer, I could have stated that I "deleted a clause which made the sentence incorrect, and inserted two words to ensure that the restriction is clear"- well that took 6 times as many words as the three that I used, and I don't think anyone other than the loser of the discussion would think the 3-word approximation was dishonest.
* Gravuritas (talk) 10:29, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* Its a wording issue. The operation of wind energy has a low carbon footprint, comparable to nuclear energy, the installment and erection of wind energy is sort of carbon intensive. Does carbon intensity plays a major role in the real world? The trading schemes have failed, at least in Europe and Energiewende encreased the CO2 output of Germany. Serten (talk) 11:00, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
* Gravuritas - I can accept your new wording, but I still insist that the original wording was completely accurate. If your role really is to make this article genuinely neutral, you may see it that way too. I note your avoidance of the issue of greenhouse gases and pollution from fossil fuels. But I can stop now without using personal attacks. HiLo48 (talk) 21:30, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
Move Request to include Cultural Impact
* The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the move request was: not moved. Jenks24 (talk) 13:12, 11 August 2014 (UTC)
Especially if one talks about hertiage protected landscapes, one shouldnt divide cultural and ecological impact - both aspects have to be covered. So far the article mentions negative aestetic impacts on individuals, whatever that might be, but doesnt take into account visual sight pollution for whole communities, who would accept a wind power station before Uluru? I suggest to move the article to a more adequate title.
Environmental impact of wind power → Cultural and environmental impact of wind power – either aspect is important and cannot divided in various regions, as cultural important sites often have ecoogical value and vice versa, compare Waldschlösschen Bridge for the general aspects and the points about Mont-Saint-Michel for a wind power specific conflict. The heritage protection status of the Wadden Sea coast in germany has basically ruled out offshore wind power installations in the german Territorial waters - heavily increasing the technical challenges and delaying the planned german Energiewende offshore capacity buildup compared to DK and GB. This has to be taken into account and to be mentioned in the article. [User:Serten|Serten]] (talk) 16:19, 3 August 2014 (UTC)
* The meaning of Environmental impacts in English includes 'social' & aesthetic issues, such as the heritage issues you mention above. To add 'cultural' impacts would change the English meaning of the title only slightly- it would then include songs, plays and films. The cultural impact of wind power is trivial: the biggest impact was probably 'A mouse lived in a Windmill in Old Amsterdam'. I suspect that the frontier of these meanings of environmental/cultural is subtly different in German, and that environmental may be a slightly less inclusive concept there. The change is completely unnecessary in English and putting Cultural first is completely ludicrous.
* Gravuritas (talk) 12:35, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
* If so, i agree with the title as it is and may stay. Howevber these aspects have not been in the article so far, that came with the entry my dear IP colleugue wants to be erased for unknown reasonings ;) I strongly disagree with the notion that putting Cultural first would be ludicrous. Germany could save billions if they built wind mills in the watten sea territorial waters but it doesnt. That is based on predeominantly aesthetic evaluations of the the (cultural) heritage, of sights and views, not on treehugging. Btw cultural heritages receives - compare the Hague Convention - higher value ratings than human life, I would doubt that for birds and beetles. 12:50, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
* Oppose and speedy close per Gravuritas. The visual impact of wind farms on cultural heritage sites is within the scope of this article per the current title. -- ELEKHHT 13:15, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
* Oppose. The cultural impact of wind power is small and tangential to the article. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 11:37, 11 August 2014 (UTC)
Article improvement suggestion
One article improvement suggestion is that in respect to the section on noise, just link to the actual studies on noise and how any really noisy environment- whether it be living beside a busy road or too near a wind turbine - will increase stress hormones.
* I put this material here in February but it is now archived, no one seems to have responded to it. Despite the fact that it covers the ecological impact of farming near/really close to turbines.
"Preliminary studies on the reaction of growing geese (Anser anser f. domestica) to the proximity of wind turbines." Pubmed now includes the study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597302
Am I wrong to think farmers would probably want to know about this - that if they put a wind turbine on their land and livestock grow up nearby (less than 500 m away) then the livestock will have more blood cortisol and have less weight gain than had no turbine been erected, a small effect sure, but statistically significant like a busy/noisy road.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:58, 2 September 2014 (UTC)
* I would be more impressed by your claimed goal of neutrality if you were you to try to use the same caution in your language as the researchers have. There is little certainty in their claims. HiLo48 (talk) 07:27, 2 September 2014 (UTC)
* My goal is not to impress anyone, merely to collaborate in improving the article. Can you specifically cite the "caution in the language of the researchers" and how my talk page comment above lacked this same caution? To respond to your second claim, if anything their paper supports the assertion that the statistical significance of their findings lends a great deal of certainty, considering the following sentence - "Lower activity and some disturbing changes in behavior of animals from group I[those closest to the turbine] were noted".
* There is a large body of peer reviewed evidence finding that being real damn close to noisy things for a long time causes blood cortisol levels to increase, this in the study, was 50 meters away from the base of the turbine, but had it been a road producing the same sound signature, it would naturally have produced the same blood cortisol results.
* If all this is new to you, just read Health effects from noise and search for cortisol.
* Or read this review on the subject, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398354
* "...Because environmental noise above certain levels is a recognized factor in a number of health issues, [human] siting restrictions have been implemented in many jurisdictions to limit noise exposure..."
* So you can't claim that animals living in close proximity to a noise source, nearer than the human siting restriction distance, aren't going to have their health affected. They're animals just like us.
* But hey, by all means say that the study was "preliminary" but it obviously should be included, as it is peer-reviewed and other studies corroborate the underlying- noise leads to stress- response that is their underlying hypothesis.
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:43, 3 September 2014 (UTC)
* Your wording - "the livestock will have more blood cortisol and have less weight gain". The researchers describe statistical results of a study in the past. They don't try to predict the future. You are telling us what will happen, effectively in every case. Your bias is clearly on display. HiLo48 (talk) 03:11, 3 September 2014 (UTC)
* As the study passed peer-review and has a large body of evidence behind it, my telling you that if livestock were once again put near a noise source of comparable magnitude as that in the study, they would again show the same responses as detailed in the study; is not a mere bias but based on experimental evidence. This is not bias friend, this is science, if the experiment is repeated you'll get the same result over and over again until the end of time.
* According to your view, you also believe that Newton was also biased to believe that in the future, if an apple was dropped from above his head, he'd once again get hit on the head?
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:37, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
* Stupid analogy. Peer review says it was good research. It does not prove that the same thing WILL happen next time in every case. And BTW, Newton wasn't peer-reviewed. HiLo48 (talk) 06:59, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
* It is an apt analogy, as it is one of repeatability, furthermore you are now calling the researchers' integrity into question, the same thing will happen every time the same conditions in the experiment are found, namely being beside a noise source of comparable magnitude. For you to argue that what they observed was a complete and utter fluke and by extension not worthy of publication in a science journal is to call their integrity into question. Is this what you are now arguing? Have you any reason to believe that they are bad scientists? BTW despite never actually insinuating that he had, seen as you brought it up Newton was actually peer-reviewed, he just didn't go through the same modern system of peer-review as modern scientists do, obviously.
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:06, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
* Sorry, but you're talking rubbish. And I've had enough of this game. See ya. HiLo48 (talk) 11:01, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
* Seen as you're now claiming all this peer reviewed science is "rubbish" and not worthy of inclusion, I'll request a third opinion on the matter, to help us move toward a "consensus". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:30, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
* Are you the same editor as <IP_ADDRESS>? I can see you're both from Ireland. I suggest you register to edit on Wikipedia. It makes conversation simpler, and protects your identity more. I am not claiming all this peer reviewed science is "rubbish". The research seems fine. It's your interpretation that bothers me. HiLo48 (talk) 04:36, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
* Indeed I am, my edit history as this IP address even corroborates that, so I'm not trying to hide that fact, just see my talk page comment here User_talk:BatteryIncluded. I think I get a new address every time my router reconnects.
* Back to the issue, my recent edit of this article, which attempted to summarize the study was as neutral sounding as I could muster, if you found it contaminated with a point of view that is not supported by the actual paper, then by all means you are free to re-word it! However seen as you just removed/reverted my edit under the reasoning that we haven't built a consensus yet to include the study, I thought it a good idea to request a third opinion on the matter.
* 04:55, 6 September 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
* Just to add another opinion, it strikes the most reasonable way forward would be to add the new citation but work on neutralizing the language, since the actual result of the study (statistically significant negative effects at 50m, but none apparently at 500m) is a datum that would be worth having. Buck ets ofg 12:59, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
* Yes, right through this discussion I've been trying to think of a way of pointing out that nobody is going to live within 50 metres of a wind turbine, and most people are unlikely to even keep geese that close. If we used the study to argue that it's fine to keep geese and live 500 metres from one that might be a different kettle of fish. However, my main point is still that, while this study may have been conducted with the greatest rigour (and I have never suggested otherwise), it's not a sound basis from which to predict the future with any certainty for anything other than geese in a very unlikely proximity to a turbine. HiLo48 (talk) 22:41, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
* I agree with your concerns. Would something like this do?
* A recent study compared the health effects of wind turbines on growing geese, preliminary results found that geese raised within 50 meters of a wind turbine gained less weight and had a higher concentration of cortisol in blood than geese at a distance of 500 meters.
* Buck ets ofg 02:16, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* Not really. My response to a sentence like that is "So what?" Is anyone going to be surprised by such a discovery? It's precisely what everyone will assume to be the case without even thinking about it. It adds very little to the article. It's what a favourite TV character of mine would have described as "the bleeding obvious". HiLo48 (talk) 02:28, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* Well, yes, it's not a surprising result, really. But if you don't like this edit, can you suggest one that suits you? Buck ets ofg 03:50, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* I wouldn't add anything to the article. There's a lot of research out there that we don't use. HiLo48 (talk) 04:03, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* So my request for a third opinion has succeeded in getting a third opinion? Great. I agree that user Bucketsofg's compromise edit is good as it correctly summarizes the scientific paper, however Hilo48 appears to want to only to include the study if it is framed with supporting the notion that being raised 500 m distant is fine and dandy, which is not what the paper found at all, it merely compared the two groups of geese. Although I tend to implicitly believe around 500 m distant for people is about accurate for safety reasons, that's not what this article is about.
* For example, something you wrote here has struck me as kind of misleading, this article is about the environmental impact of wind power, it is not about people per se, my recent edit to the article to include the paper under discussion here was titled something to the effect of "impact on livestock" so your statement -
* "I've been trying to think of a way of pointing out that nobody is going to live within 50 metres of a wind turbine, and most people are unlikely to even keep geese that close"
* - strikes me as a bit of a red herring. Farmers with livestock or natural wild animals may indeed live that close to a wind turbine, whether or not you personally believe it to be "unlikely" to happen is not supported by any data and it is actually especially likely, if in the case of the farmer, being unaware that there is peer-reviewed science stating that it might result in their livestock gaining less weight. This is something that clearly isn't common knowledge, as the paper seemingly is the first of its kind to study the matter.
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:55, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
Too much on bird deaths
There is too much detailed coverage on bird deaths, which unbalances the article. I was looking at Environmental impact of nuclear power and there is only one sentence and one reference on the issue of fish and aquatic life which are killed on the water intake trash screens, yet this has been a widely studied issue. Maybe we should cut some of the less notable or obsolete wildlife impact studies here, and add some relevant studies to the nuclear article to beef it up a bit? Johnfos (talk) 09:22, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
* If wildlife mortality is underadressed in the nuclear power article, that is no reason to cut down its coverage in this article. Comparing coverage of the same issue in the wind and nuclear articles is apples and oranges, because the principal environmental concerns of the two are very different, as you would no doubt agree. If you think that the wildlife mortality section in the nuclear article should be expanded, fine. But I don't think that bird and bat deaths are overaddressed in this article, because they are perhaps the most high-profile environmental effect of wind power. That said, the section could certainly be improved. For one thing, the 2013 Sovacool study is covered repetitively in three paragraphs, which would be better off if combined and trimmed to one paragraph. Regards. Plazak (talk) 14:16, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
* I agree with Plazak but would add that seen as both of the section's tables are based on Sovacool's controversial studies, I raise the concern that with trimming the Sovacool paragraphs, one might then have a section that fails in getting across to readers that the two tables are therefore not representative of the consensus on wind's impact on birds.
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:47, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
* I would suggest keeping all the general info and meta-studies here, and splitting off info on particular wind farms to the relevant separate article. Johnfos (talk) 14:34, 27 October 2014 (UTC)
* I agree in general with Johnfos that the article should not go into detail on every individual wind farm. But there are a few problematic wind farms around the world with disproportionately high bird deaths, which should be mentioned as examples of how the technology can be used inappropriately. Plazak (talk) 15:12, 27 October 2014 (UTC)
Wind turbines are skyscrapers in the countryside. How can their impact be minimal?
I find the introductory paragraphs of "Environmental impact of wind power" to be among the most biased of any Wikipedia article, beginning with this statement: "The environmental impact of wind power when compared to the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, is relatively minor." The citations that immediately follow that claim are only related to greenhouse gas emissions. Obvious visual impacts (aka landscape blight) are left out of the total "impact" equation, only to be understated in the final intro section: "Aesthetic aspects of wind turbines and resulting changes of the visual landscape are significant...." (Why not emphasize that in the first intro sentence, since it's the major complaint about wind turbines?)
The remainder of the article goes into greater detail and admits to wind turbine downsides but the casual reader is likely to not spend time there, and comes away with the impression that all is OK with wind power. That's nothing less than propaganda.
The world's natural scenery is being sacrificed in large chunks and political-correctness is urging it on. Wind turbines are already visible from 60% of the land in Scotland (per study at http://www.jmt.org/). There is widespread intrusion of wind turbines onto rural lands that never planned to accommodate such large structures. The visual impact is worse in many ways than fracking, since wind turbines are much taller than oil rigs and intended as a permanent landscape feature. Many fracking sites are dismantled and partially reclaimed when depleted. Even if wind towers are eventually torn down it will be impractical to remove their concrete bases, and access roads carved into mountainsides will leave permanent scars. Mars Hill in Maine is a famous example of ridge-line destruction and many more will follow if "clean energy" plans expand as projected.
The article includes a photo of three cows with a single wind turbine in the background, greatly de-emphasized in size like a harmless barn. This is typical of pro-wind marketing. It's unclear if most people know how big these machines really are since you rarely see them near urban centers.
Another heavily biased aspect of the article is the claim that "There are anecdotal reports of negative health effects from noise on people who live very close to wind turbines.[10] Peer-reviewed (government funded) research has generally not supported these claims." It links to just 3 studies from the Canadian government (Ontario CA is well known for pushing wind turbines on an unwilling populace) and pretends that all other reports are invented or imagined. Surely it's obvious that putting 400+ foot spinning structures on formerly quiet lands is going to impact the noise profile with hum and infrasound? The industry disingenuously compares them to refrigerator noise but few people choose to sleep with a refrigerator in the room, and the character of wind turbine noise goes well beyond decibel readings. Topography and location affects people differently but industry/government studies tend to ignore those with the worst problems.
If the environmental movement (of which I'm a part) wants to maintain credibility, it should stop pretending that wind turbines are a benign form of energy or a sacrifice we "must" make because CO2 is a problem and oil is finite. There are other considerations in the full context of what "the environment" means to people and animals. Our landscapes and quality of life are being marginalized for the sake of one power source that could largely be supplanted by solar panels on existing man-made structures. On-site solar is not favored by utility companies who'd rather build their own installations and bill customers, thus wind turbines win the game of expediency over morality. I am not against all wind turbines, but they are far too heavily relied on as the flagship for renewable energy. They have been rightfully described as "mechanical weeds" that keep expanding their range. A 2009 study from Stanford (Jacobson & Delucchi) enthusiastically envisions "3.8 million large wind turbines" around the globe. Imagine the landscape and seascape if that comes to pass.
Any attempt to edit the original Wikipedia article meets with passive-aggressive deletion, indicating denial along the lines of GOP climate propaganda. Who gets to decide that "environmental impact" is mainly measured in terms of generating electricity? If Wikipedia wants to be a neutral source of information it can do much better than this. An honest article would admit that the landscape is an integral part of nature and wind turbines are turning vast swaths of land (and ocean) into highly visible industrial plants. A single wind farm can cover over 25,000 acres and more are planned all the time.
Another disinformation technique is to pretend that the only "affected acreage" is actual tower pad sites, not the land between them or access roads. The 2014 revival of the "Cosmos" TV series committed that error in episode 12. When the same argument is used to promote ANWR oil drilling ("2,000 acres" vs. a true 1.5 million acre total) it gets called out as dishonest by "clean energy" proponents. These double standards are egregious and need to stop. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
* But people have been modifying the landscape of Scotland for the last 2000 years. If there's not enough in the article about visual impacts, please summarize some sources and add it here. --Wtshymanski (talk) 06:51, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
* Above is an astonishing and lengthy advocacy for a particular, highly-subjective point of view. An encyclopedia article on the visual impact of wind turbines should of course mention the fact that some people object on visual grounds but should emphatically not argue for a particular point of view. I suggest deleting this entire section from the Talk page as it is just adding noise. Noel darlow (talk) 07:13, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* Talk pages are for discussing ways to improve the article and that is exactly what the above post is about. There is nothing "astonishing" about it at all - it actually reflects a very common view of wind turbines and their impact on the landscape. You may or may not agree with what's said but we don't delete posts just because we don't agree with them. Richerman (talk) 10:32, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* Talk pages are for discussing what to include and how best to organise an *objective* *encyclopedia* *article*. I agree discussions should not be edited except in very rare circumstances but the above rant is very clearly misusing the Talk page to advocate an opinion about wind turbines instead of, as should be the case, presenting an opinion about how best to objectively explain the environmental impact of wind power. On this page we are considering how to produce a balanced synthesis of facts and opinions found in the real world. It is a misuse of the Talk section to add our own to them. Should schedule for deletion unless there is some serious argument against. Noel darlow (talk) 14:38, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* PS: please note the warning at the top of this page: "This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject". Noel darlow (talk) 14:40, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* The political right has always fostered a kind of 'environmentalism' that is based on things like clamping down on litter in the street, and the 'environment' being something very pretty that middle class people enjoy a good family walk in, after a hearty Sunday lunch. To them, anything that is not open grouse moor or well-managed woodland looks bad. When the 'environmental impact' of wind turbines is discussed, many more people are thinking about the rates of species extinction, and the ability of a polluted atmosphere and oceans to support life as we know it, and depend upon. It's about comparing a disastrous, extractive, global economy with something that is less damaging to the biosphere, but is nonetheless acceptable to people who still see no need to alter their energy-profligate lifestyles. I'm not sure to what extent the present article makes this clear, but the suggestions above seem to me to want to take us in the opposite direction. --Nigelj (talk) 11:34, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* That's a good point. The article probably should mention the positive environmental impacts of wind turbines ie the development of renewables capacity in order to mitigate climate change. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Noel darlow (talk • contribs) 14:56, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* Well that's very interesting. You posted after Nigelj but chose not to put the warning about "This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject" below that post which includes claptrap like "The political right has always fostered a kind of 'environmentalism' that is based on things like clamping down on litter in the street, and the 'environment' being something very pretty that middle class people enjoy a good family walk in, after a hearty Sunday lunch. To them, anything that is not open grouse moor or well-managed woodland looks bad". What's that got to do with improving the article? I take it that means that political rants are OK as long as you agree with them. In answer to the point made by <IP_ADDRESS> about their edits being reverted, the reason was that they were unsupported. If you want to add something or change something it needs to be in the citation that's already there or it needs a new citation that supports what you're saying. Richerman (talk) 15:22, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* I am suggesting that this whole section should disappear including this meta discussion and all our comments. Should we discuss how best to present the issue of visual impact? Of course we should, as necessary, but "this is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject" (wikipedia). The lurid title of this section and comments such as "the world's natural scenery is being sacrificed in large chunks and political-correctness is urging it on" is not in any way helpful. We are being pulled down a path of dogmatic arguments about wind turbines. That is not what this Talk page is for Noel darlow (talk) 18:48, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* Somebody has, in your words, put forward a "lengthy advocacy" for altering the article, and your repeated response has been that it should be deleted. I guess your response to arepetition of this apalling crime would be what- ten years or the electric chair? Get soome perspective- someone's arguing fir A, you believe B, so make your points in a real debate and pipe down with your unpleasant view that anyone differing should be rubbed out.
Gravuritas (talk) 20:27, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* Perspective is exactly the point. May I remind you (again) that we are supposed to be writing an encyclopedia article. A Talk page "is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject" as it says right at the top of the, er, Talk page. It is not a place to vent or to advocate a particular point of view. We should discuss how to deal with the issue of wind turbines's visual impact based on evidence from the real world but (clearly) we cannot discuss our own subjective opinions about visual impact or submit them as evidence. Do you see? Noel darlow (talk) 22:17, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
* No-one has actually made an argument against deletion on the grounds that (a) a Talk page "is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject" and (b) we should not submit our own subjective opinions as evidence (we need verifiable evidence from the real world). Therefore I'll go ahead and delete this if there is no further comment. Noel darlow (talk) 02:15, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
Derrybrien
Please stop posting references to Derrybrien peatslide as evidence of the environmental impact of wind turbines. The damage to the peat structure which made the slope susceptible to landslide was caused by forestry and drought not turbine construction. Noel darlow (talk) 14:54, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Noel darlow, I reverted your edits because they were totally inept and you are damaging the article rather than improving it. The Derrybrian paper says:
A substantial bog slide occurred at the wind farm just two weeks prior to the main October slide. It was associated with a floating road and a well-drained turbine base, involved a large volume of peat and extended over a distance of around 150 metres. The event was regarded merely as curious, its causes were not investigated and working practices were not reviewed in the light of this clear sign of instability. Evidence is also presented for peat movement along the line of an avalanche corridor within the development site. At nearby wind farm, a large bog slide occurred around the same time as the Derrybrien collapse and the origins of this slide also seem to be linked to a turbine base and road. How is that not related to turbine construction? In the other edit I reverted, you seem to have removed a reference because it was written in German, completely changed the sentence and then marked the change as "minor". In fact, looking at your contribution history, you mark almost all you edits as minor, including you contributions to talk pages. Also, with you third edit you screwed up the date for the reference. I am going to revert those two edits again, please don't change them back without explaining you're reasoning here first and gaining consensus for the changes. Richerman (talk) 15:37, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* I started this section to discuss Derrybrien. Please start another if you think there are other issues which need to be discussed. The damage to the peat structure at Derrybrien which made it vulnerable to a landslide was caused by forestry and drought. The acrotelm layer peeled off in ribbons which followed forestry plough lines. Please read up on some studies which have looked into this in detail and do not undo other people's edits without discussing them here first. Noel darlow (talk) 16:42, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Further to previous comments please read the study of the Derrybrien slide by Richard Lindsay and Olivia Bragg. It is clear that forestry created extensive damage to the peatland in the area of the slide and that this was exacerbated by drought. Construction work - in particular the evacuation of large amounts of water from an excavation at the top of the slope - may have triggered the slide but turbine construction was not the cause of the fundamental structural instability which created the slide conditions. This is a bad example to use as a reference. Noel darlow (talk) 17:24, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* You seem to have a strange idea about how wikipedia works. It's not for you to decide who discusses what or where they discuss it on the talk page but it is up to you to justify your edits if challenged. The Derrybrian report entitled "Wind farms and blanket peat" has been used as an example of the factors that need to be considered to protect peat bogs when building wind farms. That is something that the report discusses at great length so how you can conclude it's a poor example is beyond me. As it happens they are quite critical of the company for not properly assessing the potential impacts before construction, but that is really incidental to its purpose as a reference here so I'm not going to argue with you about what caused the peat slide. You do still need to justify why you removed the German language reference but I'll leave it up to others to comment now. Richerman (talk) 19:10, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* I am sure you can understand why a section begun to discuss a specific issue ought to stay on topic. Of course you can discuss what you like but please raise other issues in an appropriate place.Noel darlow (talk) 20:19, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* I would suggest that our efforts would be better spent creating a balanced, neutral and accurate paragraph on the potential impacts on peatlands using references which do not conflate damage caused by other factors. However, if you want to restore the Derrybrien reference please address the points raised, namely that an environmental impact primarily caused by forestry is being misrerpresented as an environmental impact caused by wind turbine construction. Simply claiming that "it has been used as an example" is not actually an argument. Noel darlow (talk) 20:19, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* To clarify: it's not the report itself I object to but the use of the Derrybrien landslide as an illustrative example of the kind of damage which wind farms can cause to peatlands.Noel darlow (talk) 20:25, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* The report is used to reference a sentence which says "Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines" How does that make it an illustrative example of the kind of damage which wind farms can cause to peatlands? It discusses protection of peat bogs and has a section on Statutory designations and features of conservation value which discusses the Habitats directive and the Birds directive, which make it the right reference for that sentence. Richerman (talk) 21:12, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Please stop being evasive and address the points raised. The article introduces a valid issue ie the "protection of peat bogs" - fine so far (in fact this should have a dedicated section within the article). However, the reference used to illustrate this refers to a landslide on a slope where the peat structure had been thoroughly destabilised by forestry not wind turbine construction - clearly not fine. Noel darlow (talk) 22:00, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* I give up - I'll let others comment. Richerman (talk) 22:30, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* I have already clarified that I'm not making any criticisms of the contents of the report. I think it does a good job of analysing the Derrybrien incident. It would make an excellent reference in an article about the Derrybrien slip. However, mentioning the Derrybrien slip here as an example of damage done to peat bogs conflates forestry damage with the impacts of wind turbines and therefore is confusing and misleading. Noel darlow (talk) 00:27, 15 February 2015 (UTC)
* To sum up, the arguments given so far against removal appear to be:
* (1) Flat denial that there is a problem.
* (2) A claim that the study in question contains *background* material about general peatland damage. Arguing on that basis is self-defeating. A good reference should deal *directly* with the topic to which it is supposed to refer.
* No attempt has been made to address the points raised ie the need to avoid confusing/misleading references which conflate non-wind peatland damage with specific impacts caused by wind farms. Suppose there is a geography article on floods caused by meltwater. One would expect that any references would (a) deal with meltwater impacts in general and/or (b) mention specific events which are representative of commonly observed meltwater impacts. It would be disappointing - and confusing - to find a reference devoted to a specific, rarely-observed flood event which was primarily caused by heavy rains with only a secondary contribution from meltwater. The fact that the same study might have included some background information on the thing we're really interested in, meltwater flooding, would not make it any more suitable.
* Good references would (a) deal in general terms with the positive and negative impacts of windfarms on peat and (b) avoid mentioning specific examples of environmental damage if wind was not the sole factor.
* It's just common sense isn't it? Noel darlow (talk) 07:07, 17 February 2015 (UTC)
* The article is open for editing again after the "edit war". Unless someone can present a convincing argument for the Derrybrien reference which deals with the points raised above I'll go ahead and remove it. Noel darlow (talk) 02:21, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
Guidelines for Visual Impacts
The visual impact of wind turbines is a question of aesthetics and hence is highly subjective. People's feelings may differ widely. Thus we should not, for example, say that: "wind farms have a detrimental effect on visual amenity" as if that were a subjective fact. However, we could (and should) say that "many people feel that...etc etc". Even better if we can present objective evidence such as "survey X found that 62% of local residents strongly objected to the visual impact of wind turbines in their community". Noel darlow (talk) 02:40, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
Great Sales Brochure for the Wind Industry
This is an amazingly pro wind article. Looking into the section on human health I noticed there was no mention of the increased suicide risk or increased mental health risks associated with turbines, not even to deny them. Then we look at the risk of blade shadow chatter causing car drivers to crash, or inducing epileptic fits, again no mention at all. Like the (hypothetical) article on the health hazards of cigarettes that only considers the risks of minor burns and concludes that cigarettes are safe..
There is an interesting documentary on the health aspects of wind turbines - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windfall_(2010_film) Note that that I had to make a small correction on the documentary page as a bad review turned out to be by a wind turbine salesman. I suspect that some of the authors of this article might also work in wind farm sales.... Lucien86 (talk) 12:12, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
* There is no place for pro-wind bias on wikipedia but that cuts both ways. Equally there is no place for anti-wind bias on wikipedia. Suicide risk for example would appear to be extremely tendentious. Noel darlow (talk) 17:45, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
* The point is that mental health and suicide risks have been raised, as have problems with blade shadow flicker. All you have to do is sit in the shadow of a large turbine and try to do something like read a book and its quite obvious that there's an epilepsy risk and a serious distraction risk. The problem is that there is no mention at all of these factors and there should be. Maybe the research has simply not been done or it has not been found.. Any studies showing a negative correlation would be just as important and if they exist should be mentioned in the article.. We know there are potential problems because there are sighting regulations for turbines near roads or human dwellings.. Lucien86 (talk) 19:40, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
* Sighting regulations aren't necessarily evidence of suicide or epilepsy risk; they may have been created for other reasons. However, any regulations which specifically mentioned suicide or epilepsy risks would be worth a mention in the article. Strictly speaking they would be evidence that a concern exists not evidence for the object of concern - although that too might become apparent by investigating the process which gave rise to the regulations. Noel darlow (talk) 20:30, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
Cherry Picking and Bias
I removed the completely biased edit of Jaminhubner, because it was absolutely biased against wind. Cherry-Picking isn't scientific and most studies don't come to the same conclusions as put here. The claim that only pro-wind-lobby came to the conclusion that wind is not harmfull and all real scientific work does say it is harmfull is just wrong. And removing the Pierpont book, who has been proved her scientific fraught is striking. Maybe some of the edit can be used, but the whole edit was completely biased and POV. Andol (talk) 12:53, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
* I obviously disagree with Andol's assessment (above) for a number of (what I can hope are obvious) reasons. It is ironic that my entire motivation for the revision was to eradicate the horrendous cherry-picking that was already extant in the article - a selection that was shamelessly biased to favor of wind energy. As previous revisers have already noted, not only was this page a virtual "brochure" for wind energy, but there is increasing and substantial scientific concern about the effects of wind energy on human health - and, as noted in the revisions, these scientific concerns are systematically swept under the rug by literature reviews and panels explicitly and publicly sponsored by national wind energy associations. Why should wikipedia also be the mechanism by which such peer-review literature is systematically ignored?
* Given that the section of this page prior to my revisions provided (in an entire, separate paragraph!) only the credentials of those scientists from this select, chosen pro-wind energy group and *not* from critics, the effort at establishing the credibility of such pro-wind efforts is undeniable. How can it possibly be argued that an article that, in bulk, lists only the credentials of pro-wind advocates and researchers and no one else is unbiased? How is that not a prime example of "cherry-picking"? (Imagine going to a panel discussion of four pro-wind scientists and four anti-wind scientists, and the program only lists the credentials of one side. I think you can see the problem.)
* With regard to Andol's written concerns, there are a few responses in order.
* First, there is absolutely no basis for the assertion that "most studies don't come to the conclusions as put here." I would like to compare these "studies," side by side according to the nature of the data collected and see just how true this really is. I am happy to participate in this scholarly challenge - because, as any trained academic knows, the use of "most" requires specific justification (and that is rather hard to provide since exhaustive knowledge is inherently required to make such sweeping statements!)
* Second, the removal of the Pierpont's book is only striking if a person comes to the table with a preconceived bias that the book is somehow a standard reference work for pro-wind advocates, or some other kind of literary presupposition. As my revisions indicate, that is hardly the case. Pierpont's book is popular in certain circles of wind-energy skepticism, especially as it marked a new phase in the debate and encouraged new lines of inquiry, but it is hardly representative of the scholarly consensus as a whole for those who are concerned about human health and turbines - especially today. Again, the very fact the the removal of Pierpont's self-published volume is considered "striking" only shows the pro-wind biased cherry-picking of Andol on this matter. I removed a whole section talking about Pierpont's article precisely because the scholarly debate has largely moved beyond it. And if it really is an inferior resource (which is debatable), Pierpont should not be used in wikipedia at all - unless only to provide an example of shoddy scholarship. If that is Andol's concern, then that is how the use of Pierpont's resource should be integrated into the page; but, as it should be clear, such considerations hardly merit an eradication of 100% of my revisions!
* Much more could be said, but I think it is clear that the article previous to my revisions is by all means inferior both in scope and in content, especially given the changing winds (no pun intended) on this topic in the last three years. A complete undo of my revisions is wholly unjustified without much, much further discussion. jaminhubner (talk) 12:07, 23 April 2015 (Mountain Time)
* Oh come on, you cited Wind-Watch in a lengthy direct quote to display that all studies that come to the conclution that wind turbines are causing no or only minor effects on people are wrong and biased. And that is what you call scientific. You state that all the studies who find evidence are true, but then you write sencences like:
* "Other attempts at mitigating scientific concern about wind turbines and health involve relegating concern to psychological bias (i.e., "it's only in your head"). Consider the following example noted in an article from Nature and Society:
* "Where noise problems are acknowledged, some academics such as Professors Simon Chapman at the University of Sydney and Keith Petrie at the University of Auckland subscribe to the mass hysteria ideas promoted by controversial British psychiatrist Simon Wessely. Such assessments primarily implicate people’s fears and anxieties about new technologies to explain noise complaints and sleeping difficulties that appear in conjunction with wind farm developments. [I am not persuaded by such arguments, given the seriousness of some of the adverse health effects observed.]” [139] (Wind watch)"
* If that is not biased and full of weasel words (attemps for example) then I don't know what biased is. How come that you think a statement of an anti-wind-campaigner-site is a valid source for dismissing all evidence that wind farms aren't that dangerous? That is more than ridiculous. And your whole edit is like that. And most of the sources you used are recommended by wind-watch. You just quoted one side, removed the other side and even claimed that these aren't scientific sources. And than you wonder that your edit is no improvement? Andol (talk) 20:24, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
* Thank you for responding to absolutely nothing I said in my previous response - and yet, feeling apparently confident enough to once again revert 100% of my fully cited additions and revisions. Perhaps it would be wise to at least respond to something I've written (or haven't you even read it?). And if you have a problem with parts, then change those parts. That's what wikipedia is for. Wholesale dismissal (especially of recent primary sources) is the surest sign of unwillingness to change and face new data - as is the unwillingness to engage with another person on what they've brought to the table. As I originally argued, I think it is clear which revision is fraught with "cherry-picking"...
* I'm not sure if you're familiar with the page that you're discussing, but there are headings that indicate what is being talked about. The citation you provided by Nature and Society is in the context of the debate regarding data interpretation - which you apparently feel strongly about; if you don't think it fits at all, then delete that portion. But you seem to be forgetting that there is peer-review literature attempting to dismiss the entire enterprise of scientific study regarding this subject purely on a psychological basis. How is that, and responses to that, not important to this entire discussion?
* Even so, I have no idea why you are criticizing for linking to an anti-wind websitee. Almost every website on wind energy is biased for wind energy or against. In fact, I can object to any resource cited in wikipedia on the basis of it being cited on a website that has an ax to grind (regardless of perspective or subject matter). Are you willing to erase the vast majority of wikipedia for that reason? If not, why are you not consistent with that principle with regard to this article? If I am consistent with your principles, probably 90% of wikipedia itself would have to be eradicated simply because of links to biased websites! (For the record, I've removed that portion mainly for your sake...I am willing to compromise...are you?)
* Before you lecture a person on words, I suggest using spellcheck, as your reply is fraught with numerous spelling and grammatical errors.
* In summary then, no one reading this thread has heard any substantive answers from you, and until you can at least begin to have an intelligent conversation about the debate instead of dismissing all updates with new peer-review literature under the guise of what can only be summarized as "but I think you're biased because it disagrees with the previous revision and sort of sounds bias but I haven't addressed anything of substance," you truly have no basis for reverting it back to the way it was. Everyone reading this thread has the right to know what credibility and relevance is lacking and what intolerable bias is found in the general medical and academic publications Noise and Health, Public Library of Science One, and Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Society. jaminhubner (talk) 21:45, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
* My problem with your changes is that you deleted almost every evidence for wind turbines being no or just a small harm and subsitute these sources with papers that find harm. And above that you depreciate the few sources that you didn't delete. That is a no-go in wikipedia and a clear sign of POV. As is your language that is clearly not neutral. The original version showed both sides, your version shows only one side and discredits the other side. You describe all the reported health problems as fact, but you state that all studies who don't find evidence for that were conducted by pro-wind-organisations (suggesting they are wrong). This is even true for such peer-reviewed reviews as McCunney et al, who did a review of 162 studies on wind turbines and health. You defined which is good science (studies finding evidence) and which is bad science (studies finding no or few evidence, even if they are peer-reviewed). That isn't how wikipedia works.
* What do you mean you don't have no idea why I am criticizing for linking to an anti-wind website? Do you really think that dismissing peer-reviewed work for coming to "wrong" conclusions, as you did, is ok, but you can cite an anti-wind-website at the same time? This is ridiculous. There are almost no websites that could be more biased as such a campaigners-website. And you used it as a central statement. And no, I really don't think that 90 % of wikipedia are based on biased websites. This is a much exaggerated claim of yours. However yours right at one thing. I should bring up peer-reviewed literature. And that is right what I do now, because then it should be clear that your edit is as biased and one-sided as I claimed at the beginning.
* As most of your critics is about infrasound and health effects I concentrate on this sector. First of all, and contrary to your suggestions, there are several studies who state that infrasound of wind turbines does not pose a threat to human health. I will concentrate on review studies because they have the broadest scope and therefore obviously can summarize the findings of scientific literature, which other studies can’t.
* For example, Firestone et al write that there exists a controversy about infrasound, but: “The general consensus among acousticians is that infrasound emitted from wind turbines is below an average person’s hearing thresh-old, or 20 Hz, and does not pose a threat for adverse human health effects.” Then they discuss reported annoyance.
* A similar conclusion is drawn by McCunney et al, as you already know. They conclude: “''1. Measurements of low-frequency sound, infrasound, tonal sound emission, and amplitude-modulated sound show that infrasound is emitted by wind turbines. The levels of infrasound at customary distances to homes are typically well below audibility thresholds.
* 2. No cohort or case–control studies were located in this updated review of the peer-reviewed literature. Nevertheless, among the cross-sectional studies of better quality, no clear or consistent association is seen between wind turbine noise and any reported disease or other indicator of harm to human health.
* 3. Components ofwind turbine sound, including infrasound and lowfrequency sound, have not been shown to present unique health risks to people living near wind turbines.
* 4. Annoyance associated with living near wind turbines is a complex phenomenon related to personal factors. Noise from turbines plays a minor role in comparison with other factors in leading people to report annoyance in the context of wind turbines''.”
* Also Knopper et al conducted a review and found that wind turbines likely have no effects no serious effects on human health. “The available scientific evidence suggests that EMF, shadow flicker, low-frequency noise, and infrasound from wind turbines are not likely to affect human health; some studies have found that audible noise from wind turbines can be annoying to some. Annoyance may be associated with some self-reported health effects (e.g., sleep disturbance) especially at sound pressure levels >40 dB(A). Because environmental noise above certain levels is a recognized factor in a number of health issues, siting restrictions have been implemented in many jurisdictions to limit noise exposure. These setbacks should help alleviate annoyance from noise. Subjective variables (attitudes and expectations) are also linked to annoyance and have the potential to facilitate other health complaints via the nocebo effect. Therefore, it is possible that a segment of the population may remain annoyed (or report other health impacts) even when noise limits are enforced. Based on the findings and scientific merit of the available studies, the weight of evidence suggests that when sited properly, wind turbines are not related to adverse health. Stemming from this review, we provide a number of recommended best practices for wind turbine development in the context of human health.”
* Another review was done by Jesper Hvass Schmidt and Mads Klokker. They find: “Wind turbines emit noise, including low-frequency noise, which decreases incrementally with increases in distance from the wind turbines. Likewise, evidence of a dose-response relationship between wind turbine noise linked to noise annoyance, sleep disturbance and possibly even psychological distress was present in the literature. Currently, there is no further existing statistically-significant evidence indicating any association between wind turbine noise exposure and tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo or headache.[…] Exposure to wind turbines does seem to increase the risk of annoyance and self-reported sleep disturbance in a dose-response relationship. There appears, though, to be a tolerable level of around LAeq of 35 dB. Of the many other claimed health effects of wind turbine noise exposure reported in the literature, however, no conclusive evidence could be found. Future studies should focus on investigations aimed at objectively demonstrating whether or not measureable health-related outcomes can be proven to fluctuate depending on exposure to wind turbines.”
* A review by Knopper and Olsen found a some difference between peer-reviewed literature and popular literature: “Conclusions of the peer reviewed literature differ in some ways from those in the popular literature. In peer reviewed studies, wind turbine annoyance has been statistically associated with wind turbine noise, but found to be more strongly related to visual impact, attitude to wind turbines and sensitivity to noise. To date, no peer reviewed articles demonstrate a direct causal link between people living in proximity to modern wind turbines, the noise they emit and resulting physiological health effects. If anything, reported health effects are likely attributed to a number of environmental stressors that result in an annoyed/stressed state in a segment of the population. In the popular literature, self-reported health outcomes are related to distance from turbines and the claim is made that infrasound is the causative factor for the reported effects, even though sound pressure levels are not measured.”
* Then there are a lot of studies who come to the conclusion that most reported effects are caused indirectly by psychological effects. For example Crichton et al further tighten the observation that “scientific reviews have failed to identify a plausible link between wind turbine sound and health effects”. So they conducted a psychological study which found: “During exposure to audible windfarm sound and infrasound, symptoms and mood were strongly influenced by the type of expectations. Negative expectation participants experienced a significant increase in symptoms and a significant deterioration in mood, while positive expectation participants reported a significant decrease in symptoms and a significant improvement in mood. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that expectations can influence symptom and mood reports in both positive and negative directions. The results suggest that if expectations about infrasound are framed in more neutral or benign ways, then it is likely reports of symptoms or negative effects could be nullified."
* Also Taylor et al conclude: “Concern about invisible environmental agents from new technologies, such as radiation, radio-waves, and odours, have been shown to act as a trigger for reports of ill health. However, recently, it has been suggested that wind turbines – an archetypal green technology, are a new culprit in explanations of medically unexplained non-specific symptoms (NSS): the so-called Wind Turbine Syndrome ( Pierpont, 2009). The current study assesses the effect of negative orientated personality (NOP) traits (Neuroticism, Negative Affectivity and Frustration Intolerance) on the relationship between both actual and perceived noise on NSS. All households near ten small and micro wind turbines in two UK cities completed measures of perceived turbine noise, Neuroticism, Negative Affectivity, Frustration Intolerance, attitude to wind turbines, and NSS (response N = 138). Actual turbine noise level for each household was also calculated. There was no evidence for the effect of calculated actual noise on NSS. The relationship between perceived noise and NSS was only found for individuals high in NOP traits the key role of individual differences in the link between perceived (but not actual) environmental characteristics and symptom reporting. This is the first study to show this effect in relation to a so called ‘green technology’.”
* Often the reported symptoms are referred to be caused by the nocebo-effect. For example Chapman et al found: “Results: There are large historical and geographical variations in wind farm complaints. 33/51 (64.7%) of Australian wind farms including 18/34 (52.9%) with turbine size .1 MW have never been subject to noise or health complaints. These 33 farms have an estimated 21,633 residents within 5 km and have operated complaint-free for a cumulative 267 years. Western Australia and Tasmania have seen no complaints. 129 individuals across Australia (1 in 254 residents) appear to have ever complained, with 94 (73%) being residents near 6 wind farms targeted by anti wind farm groups. The large majority 116/129(90%) of complainants made their first complaint after 2009 when anti wind farm groups began to add health concerns to their wider opposition. In the preceding years, health or noise complaints were rare despite large and small-turbine wind farms having operated for many years. Conclusions: The reported historical and geographical variations in complaints are consistent with psychogenic hypotheses that expressed health problems are ‘‘communicated diseases’’ with nocebo effects likely to play an important role in the aetiology of complaints.
* Very similar is the line of argument by Rubin et al: “Throughout history, people have suffered from physical symptoms that they have attributed to modern technologies. Often these attributions are strongly held, but not supported by scientific evidence. Symptoms attributed to the operation of wind turbines (called "wind turbine syndrome" by some) may fit into this category. Several psychological mechanisms might account for symptoms attributed to wind turbines. First, the "nocebo effect" is a well-recognized phenomenon in which the expectation of symptoms can become self-fulfilling. Second, misattribution of pre-existing or new symptoms to a novel technology can also occur. Third worry about a modern technology increases the chances of someone attributing symptoms to it. Fourth, social factors, including media reporting and interaction with lobby groups can increase symptom reporting. For wind turbines, there is already some evidence that a nocebo effect can explain the attributed symptoms while misattribution seems likely. Although worry has not been directly studied, research has shown that people who are annoyed by the sound that turbines produce are more likely to report symptoms and that annoyance is associated with attitudes toward the visual impact of wind farms and whether a person benefits economically from a wind farm. Given that these mechanisms may be sufficient to account for the experiences reported by sufferers, policy-makers, clinicians and patients should insist on good-quality evidence before accepting a more direct causal link.”
* By now it should be more than clear that your edit is clearly biased and ignores virtually every evidence that suggests minor or no health effects of wind turbines. As I have demonstrated with these sources, all of them peer-reviewed, you just quoted sources that suggest serious health effects while ignoring every other research. On contrary the literature reviews I cited suggest that most studies did not find evidence for wind turbine syndrome or serious health effects. It is clear that health effects are hotly debated in scientific literature. But your edit didn’t reflect that debate, not at all. So the deletion was more than justified because it WAS cherry-picking. Andol (talk) 23:27, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
Look, the scientific consensus is that wind turbines do not cause health problems.
To take one trivial example from the text that was added, it was claimed that 90dB of infrasonic sound could cause long-term health issues. I find this extremely unlikely, but even assuming it to be true; I could find absolutely no evidence that 90dB of infrasonic sound was present at residential distances.GliderMaven (talk) 03:38, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* The majority of your critique is irrelevant since nobody is claiming (to my knowledge) that wind turbines directly, through gold-standard test methodology - "cause" "long-term health effects." Studies have identified strong associations between them and scientists are increasingly, not decreasingly, expressing their concerns through academic literature (and that's saying something because federal money is generally only flowing into the pro-wind side; those that rise up to question the status quo do so at a greater cost). I believe that is how I generally framed such quotations. If you believe that this is entirely irrelevant, I would like to know why (since, unless there are 20 years to spare and millions of dollars to conduct the ideal study, this is the kind of research data that's available).
* This is indeed an issue of methodology - and this is a concern of central importance, and it is also thoroughly discussed in the literature, so I am very glad you have brought it to our attention. Your position appears to be that if no direct causal link can be established via the highest tests possible (or at least the kind of studies that passes your litmus test), then it merits deletion from the wikipedia page and is irrelevant to the discussion (that is, after all, what your actions have proven to be the case). But this is absurd; on this basis, once again, most of wikipedia would have to be deleted. Most of peer-review literature would also have to be tossed since they don't directly prove or resolve the larger debates at hand. (For heavens sakes, not even doctors conduct their practice in this way!) Nor do most scientists accumulate their knowledge in such an unrealistic fashion. But don't take it from me...
* "“The gold standard for proving causality of an exposure is the randomized clinical trial. But when it comes to testing the health effects of noise exposure on humans, such a study design is likely to be not only impractical and difficult to implement, but also unethical. The next-best evidence would come from longitudinal field research…Most of the studies performed to date around both transportation and wind-farm sources have been cross-sectional, which makes it impossible to assess causality. That’s because investigators cannot establish whether the potential cause precedes the potential effect.”"
* "“Because cases in a case series study are often self-identifying and population controls are lacking (as in this study), it is difficult to investigate and measure exposure-outcome relationships, and it is impossible to extrapolate results to the general population as selection bias is always a concern. That said, case reports (or case series) often provide the first indicators in identifying a new disease or adverse health effect from an exposure.”"
* "“Large-scale wind turbines are a relatively recent innovation, so the body of peer reviewed research addressing the potential impacts of their unique brand of sound is sparse and particularly unsettled. Anecdotal evidence strongly suggests a connection between turbines and a constellation of symptoms including nausea, vertigo, blurred vision, unsteady movement, and difficulty reading, remembering, and thinking.24 The polarizing issue of wind-turbine noise is often framed one of two ways: Turbines are either harmless, 25 or they tend to have powerful adverse effects, especially for sensitive individuals.26 According to Jim Cummings, Executive director of the nonprofit Acoustic Ecology Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico, most of the reports to date that have concluded turbines are harmless examined “direct” effects of sound on people and tended to discount “indirect” effects moderated by annoyance, sleep disruption, and associated stress. But research that considered indirect pathways has yielded evidence strongly suggesting the potential for harm.”"
* And, you also appeared to have missed how studies on your side (your position is: "the scientific consensus is that wind turbines do not cause health problems") has typically failed to actually measure sound that's even relevant to the problem:
* "“For wind-turbine noise, the A-weighting scale is especially ill-suited because of its devaluation of the effects of low-frequency noise. This is why it is important to make C-weighted measurements, as well as A-weighted measurements, when considering the impact of sound from wind turbines. Theoretically, linear-scale measurements would seem superior to C-scale measurements in wind turbine applications, but linear-scale measurements lack standardization due to failure on the part of manufacturers of sound-level meters to agree on such factors as low-frequency cutoff and response tolerance limits. The Z-scale, or zero-frequency weighting, was introduced in 2003 by the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) in its Standard 61672 to replace the flat, or linear, weighting used by manufacturers in the past.”"
* "“A-weighting corrects sound measurements according to human hearing sensitivity (based on the 40 phon sensitivity curve). The result is that low frequency sound components are dramatically de-emphasized in the measurement, based on the rationale that these components are less easily heard by humans. An example showing the effect of A weighting the turbine sound spectrum data of Van den Berg (2006) is shown in Figure 4. The low frequency components of the original spectrum, which resulted in a peak level of 93 dB SPL at 1 Hz, are removed by A-weighting, leaving a spectrum with a peak level of 42 dBA near 1 kHz. A-weighting is perfectly acceptable if hearing the sound is the important factor. A problem arises though when A-weighted measurements or spectra are used to assess whether the wind turbine sound affects the ear. We have shown above that some components of the inner ear, specifically the OHC, are far more sensitive to low frequency sounds than is hearing. Therefore, A-weighted sounds do not give a valid representation of whether wind turbine noise affects the ear or other aspects of human physiology mediated by the OHC and unrelated to hearing.”"
* I would very much like to know what is so terribly out of place about the three assessments regarding methodology above - and why you find the method of how sound is measure irrelevant as per these last two quotations...because if these are generally correct, then your demands are almost certainly artificial and your eradication of 100% of my revisions is unwarranted. Many of the studies you insist on keeping in the article should not at all be given the weight you think they should, and the demand for "direct cause-effect" studies may actually turn around and bite you if you hold it too consistently...
* Such demands obviously reveals bias about what information "counts" and what type of study "counts" (ironically vindicating my quotation of Carl Phillips). But actions speak louder than words: if you really saw the matter in terms of trying to be balanced, why not modify my revisions instead of wholesale rejecting them under the boogy-man of "bias"? Why not utilize the resources in a way you deem "fair" instead of deleting them? Even so, everyone knows that no-one is neutral; there is no ultimate "unbias," because what one person deems "significant" and "relevant" another does not, regardless of the ultimate positions they hold; libraries are not neutral in what books they hold nor are encyclopedias in the contents they have, the language choices they make, the content choices they make, or the manner and way in which that content is told in a subjective narrative. The scientific method itself is not even neutral in deeming what are "significant fact gathering" and formulating a "relevant question" (none of which can themselves be arrived at "scientifically"!). Biases can only be controlled towards a specified outcome, not eliminated in Plato's ideal world the forms.
* So even if you are correct that my revision is framed in a way that is hopelessly biased, that still doesn't warrant its entire deletion. That's because in doing so, you would mostly be deleting direct quotations of relevant peer-review literature that were not on the page before. I do not see how much material is beyond repair if you really want to present an "unbiased" account. Indeed, if you find yourself deleting scores of primary source literature that conflicts directly with your conclusions without even attempting to modify the manner in which they are framed, then your bias appears to be rather evident, not simply mine.
* So once again, the very issues of content and the manner in which it is presented (biased/unbiased, fair/unfair, etc.) are actually ignored because no-one so far, since my first revision, has even attempted to address both of these in a meaningful fashion. All that has occurred is simple dismissal of the entire thing because of (apparently) unpleasant suggestions derived from it. So you can re-state the conclusion "the scientific consensus is that wind turbines do not cause health problems" repetitively, and remove every heading and every quotation of relevant literature I've provided on this subject, but that doesn't make the methodological problems (which are of utmost importance), the literature, or the increasing reports of health problems somehow related to windturbines magically go away. To make things easier for you, I've undone your undoing of my revision, so you can modify parts you feel should be modified. jaminhubner (talk) 11:50 24 April 2015 (Mountain Time) — Preceding undated comment added 05:50, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* You seem to be lacking basis knowledge what Wikipedia is and how it works. You constantly try to to prove what is "good" science and what is "bad" science. You did that massively in your article edit and you did it several times here on the discussion page. You have your opinion and try to confirm that while simultaneously rebutting everything that proves something else. You don't want to describe the ongoing debatte, you want declare which side is right and which side is wrong. You just accept papers from one side and reject papers from the other side because you have an opposing viewpoint And this cannot and won't work here, because it is against the fundamental principles of wikipedia. What your doing is WP:OR and lacks WP:Neutral point of view. So none of your citations will help, because when you try to prove that your side is right you automatically violate the core of wikipedia.
* There is only one way we can solve this dispute: We have to consider both sides. There isn't a consensus in scientific debate, so we can't declare a consensus. We have to describe the position of both sides, and do that open-minded. No accusations made by anti-wind-campaigners that the other side is wrong, no ignoring of the studies I showed above, no conclusions that the science is settled and above all, no claims that federal money is generally only flowing into the pro-wind side. Because all of that is massively biased and just a personal opinion that is completely irrelevant here. That means that your whole sections "Critical Reactions to Studies Supporting Adverse Health Effects" and "Responses to Critical Reactions of Studies Supporting Adverse Health Effects" have to be fully deleted, and the section "Low-Frequency and Inaudible ("Infra-Sound") Noise and Potential Effects" has to be rewritten in a neutral form and added with some of the studies I listed above. So that it reflects both sides, doesn't draw conclusions that are nonexistent in scientific debate and therefore is both neutral and free of personal opinion/original research. But to do that, it needs to be newly writing from the beginning, because it is absolutely interspersed with POV and OR, so your edit just cannot be the basis of a newly written section. Andol (talk) 13:23, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* I have huge difficulties with the idea of having a section devoted to 'Vibro Acoustic Disease' which sounds to me like it is simply a made up disorder. Even your edits admitted that it has not accepted in the legal or medical communities. As such Wikipedia cannot cover it in an article like this.GliderMaven (talk) 14:58, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* Exactely. The whole Elsevier catalogue, one of the largest scientific databases existing, doesn't list a SINGLE publication with this disease . And over that I find it very interesting that you ecessivly quote the "Bulletin of Science Technology and Society", a journal, that seems to be highly dubious, isn't listed in Web of Science, has no impact factor and seems to even lack peer-review. So reliability of this source is at least very uncertain, you could also find other words . Andol (talk) 16:02, 25 April 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Don Imus, radio shock jock, dies at 79
(CNN)Former radio shock jock and media personality Don Imus died Friday morning at 79, his family announced. Imus died at Baylor Scott and White Medical Center in College Station, Texas, the family said in a statement. The irreverent broadcaster had been hospitalized on Christmas Eve and the family did not mention the cause of death. The radio host was diagnosed in 2009 with stage 2 prostate cancer. Imus was the host of "Imus in the Morning," a daily radio morning show that became nationally syndicated. Known for his controversial and provocative opinions, Imus first appeared on radio in 1968 before joining WNBC in 1971, according to Radio Insight. Imus sparked a public outcry with a racist comment in April 2007 about the Rutgers University women's basketball team. The controversy eventually led to the cancellation of his show by CBS Radio. He later apologized. Players on the team said they were deeply hurt by the remark and Imus was widely criticized by civil rights and other groups. Imus retired from his radio show in March 2018. "Don continued to share his candid opinions about elected officials in both parties up until the end," his family said. For years, he operated a ranch program for children with cancer. He was a member of the National Broadcasting Hall of Fame. In 2001, Time magazine included Imus in a list of the 25 most influential Americans. The article called him "the national inquisitor" known for his interviews of politicians and other figures. "[Imus] is not Howard Stern, his rival for morning radio dominance," Time wrote. "But he was, before Howard was, in the early '70s — with the gross-out skits, the monologue rambles, even an irreverent book (God's Other Son, written in the voice of his preacher creature, Billy Sol Hargus)." He is survived by his wife Deirdre and six children. The family will host a small, private funeral, the statement said. CNN's Brian Stelter contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Old Greece Economy
Economic climate generally entails the usage of items by a culture. Economic climate for the old Greeks really suggested ‘regulations of the home’.
Also on a bigger application as well as a wider sight of old Greece economic climate, indicating being used to exactly how their culture makes usage of items in the market, they had their very own point going on for them. With the various functions each person play, and also with the numerous tasks throughout those times as trading, old Greece economic situation was energetic.
In the Stone Age, the Greeks were mostly seafarers in which they had the ability to fish for their very own intake and also for marketing. With one port they’ll purchase some points of rate of interest, as well as they might additionally trade these on various other ports.
Some Greeks were angler, farmers, hirelings for hire, investors, and also some were pirates. They were as varied as any kind of team can obtain, yet there was nobody special group to specify one, as sometimes they might either fish, after that profession, and also sometimes would certainly do some raiding if they obtained the possibility.
Old Greece economic situation in the Bronze Age was noted with the demand to depend much more on cruising, angling as well as trading for financial survival. Products from farming, also paired with lamb herding were inadequate to satisfy the needs of a very boosting variety of individuals in old Greece economic climate.
With the autumn of the Dark Ages, there was not that lots of people residing in Greece as in the past. Some entrusted to various other locations, as well as attempted to live past their homeland creating a modification in the social tasks in Ancient Greece economic climate.
In the Classical duration, profession came to be a lot more essential as the requirement to adequately feed the once again boosting populace in Greece. Throughout this time as well, not sufficient wheat was readily available for their intake, hence they looked to Sicily, southerly France, as well as various other nearby nations for trading.
The old Greeks were extremely imaginative in dealing with financial problems they were encountering in the various times of background. They introduced as well as adjusted, making the old Greece economic situation a vibrant one throughout its background.
Economic situation generally includes the usage of items by a culture. Economic climate for the old Greeks really indicated ‘legislations of the home’. This was extra on a mini point of view of what economic climate indicates.
In the Classical duration, profession ended up being much more essential as the requirement to completely feed the once again enhancing populace in Greece. | FINEWEB-EDU |
-- Wal-Mart Follows Others Dropping Paula Deen Lines
Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) , the world’s
largest retailer, said it will cut ties with Paula Deen, making
it at least the third business to sever connections with the
celebrity chef after she admitted using racial remarks. Wal-Mart said in a statement on its website that it will
not place new orders with Paula Deen Enterprises beyond what it
has committed for any of Deen’s products, which include
southern-themed cookware, place settings and floral aprons. In addition to Smithfield Foods, the world’s largest hog
producer, the Food Network, part of Scripps Networks Interactive
Inc. (SNI) , said last week it will sever ties with the chef. The star
of “Paula’s Home Cooking” and “Paula’s Best Dishes” became
embroiled in controversy when she said in court documents made
public last week that she has used a derogatory term for black
people. The cooking show personality has since made a series of
YouTube apologies and made a tearful appearance on NBC’s
“Today” show with Matt Lauer this morning. To contact the reporter on this story:
Lauren S Murphy in Toronto at
lmurphy48@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Cecile Daurat at
cdaurat@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Orco Shares Head for Six-Month High on Building Permit for Polish Project
Orco Property Group SA shares gained,
heading for their highest in almost six months, after Polish
authorities allowed the developer to resume construction of its
flagship Daniel Libeskind-designed apartment tower in Warsaw. Orco advanced as much as 3.7 percent and traded 1 percent
higher at 201 koruna as of 10:48 a.m. in Prague, taking its
increase so far this week to 7 percent. More than 70,000 shares
changed hands, almost three times the three-month average. The governor of the province of Mazovian Voivodship, where
Warsaw is located, confirmed the “validity and effectiveness”
of the previously suspended building permit for the Zlota 44
project, the Luxembourg-based company said late yesterday. Orco,
which is reorganizing its debt under a court-approved plan, will
resume construction in 8 to 12 weeks. “We remain slightly positive on the stock,” analyst Petr Bartek at Ceska Sporitelna AS , the Prague-based unit of Erste
Group Bank AG , wrote in a report to clients today. The project
may generate between 7 euros and 8 euros of gross profit per
undiluted share, he said. To contact the reporters on this story:
Pawel Kozlowski in Warsaw
pkozlowski@bloomberg.net ;
Krystof Chamonikolas in Prague at
kchamonikola@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Gavin Serkin at gserkin@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
New emergency locator technologies
The 406 Mhz system can also be coupled with a NAV interface which puts GPS coordinates in the data stream for the search and rescue operations. This brings the accuracy of the 406/Nav system down to 100 meters worldwide, which can be picked up by the geostationary satellite within one minute for positive identification and position on the earth.
The same system is used worldwide by the marine industry on the 406 Mhz frequency which works with the same satellites and search and rescue teams as the aircraft industry.
HOW DOES AN ELT WORK?
FAA Requirements
There are three different classifications of ELTs that are present today. The first, and the oldest, is the FAA, TSO C91 beacons. These beacons represent the oldest technology in ELTs and are being replaced by the new TSO C91a beacons. All general aviation aircraft that are operating within the United States are required to carry a TSO C91 ELT.
The difference between the two TSOs is that the latter can withstand much more severe abuse in a crash. Also, it utilizes a remote switch in the cockpit that enables the pilot to activate or reset the ELT. Any aircraft that currently has a TSO C91 ELT installed, must replace it with a TSO C91a beacon if it is unrepairable.
The last type of ELT available today is the TSO C126 beacons. Again, these units must withstand even more stringent abuse than the latter beacon. The main difference between this technology is the fact that these units operate on three frequencies rather than two. The third frequency (406.025 MHz) has a much higher accuracy from space than the other two, and the 406 transmitter is much more stable and transmits a digital signal at 5 watts up to the satellites. Currently no aircraft operating within the United States is required to carry a TSO C126 ELT, but many countries are mandating the use of this product worldwide.
ELT Installation
Many original ELT installations are inadequate as far as unit location and surface rigidity are concerned. Just because the old ELT was located in a particular position does not mean the new ELT should be located there.
Statistics show that the tail section of an airplane is least likely to be damaged during a crash and, therefore, provides a good mounting environment for the ELT unit.
Accessibility of the unit is an important factor in the location of the ELT. Mount the unit as far aft as practical but where it can be easily retrieved for maintenance.
The mounting surface must be extremely rigid; therefore, mounting the ELT directly to the aircraft skin is unacceptable.
The mount location must be able to support 100 "G"s of force in any direction with no appreciable distortion. It must also be able to withstand a 350-pound force in any direction without tearing or breaking the aircraft structure. This is derived at by 100 "G" force multiplied by the weight of the ELT. In this case, the ELT weighs 3.5 pounds and a 350-pound force must be used.
The FAA guidelines for mounting an ELT are in RTCA DO-183 Section 3.1.8.
MAINTENANCE OF ELT s
United States To insure continued reliability of the ELT, it must be inspected for damage and wear which could be caused by age, exposed elements, vibrations, etc. Even the best designed equipment, if not properly maintained and cared for, will eventually fail.
The units must be inspected at least once a year unless required more frequently by FARs (e.g. 100-hour inspections). FAR Parts 91.207, 91.409, and 43 Appendix D make detailed ELT inspections mandatory.
How detailed should your inspection be? FAR 43, Appendix D(I) states, in part, that each person performing an annual or 100-hour inspection shall inspect the following components of the ELT.
1. ELT unit and mount — for improper installation and insecure mounting.
2. Wiring and conduits — for improper routing, insecure mounting, and obvious defects.
3. Bonding and shielding — for improper installation and poor condition.
4. Antenna, including trailing antenna — for poor condition, insecure mounting, and improper operation.
Canada
To ensure continued reliability, the ELT must be performance tested within the 12-month period preceding installation in an aircraft and within 12-month intervals thereafter.
For Canadian installations, all maintenance shall be performed in accordance with DOT Engineering and Inspection Manual, Part II, Chapter III, Section 3.12.7.
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Airbag Cable For MFSW
Let's have a look at your Steering Wheel Airbag Cable for your Audi A3 8P or Audi S3 8P. If you read this, you don't have MFSW, yet. Why spending 25€ for a new Airbag Cable harness instead of inserting 3 extra wires in a plug that you already have? So, your airbag cable look exactly like in the video (OEM 8P0971589). I call it TYPE 1. It has a 12 pins yellow/orange connector, but 6 of them are unused. The airbag only uses 4 golden pins in this yellow/orange connector, and go straight to green and orange airbag detonator connectors. I won't bother them!
The yellow/orange connector shorts airbag wires by pairs when disconnected, to prevent unwanted blowups.
The two last used pins are connected to ground and Horn contact.
Yellow/Orange Connector pinout:
Pin 1 = unused
Pin 2 = unused
Pin 3 green = green airbag plug
Pin 4 white = green airbag plug
Pin 5 blue = orange airbag plug
Pin 6 orange = orange airbag plug
Pin 7 black = Ground (-12V)&Horn
Pin 8 brown =Horn
Pins 9-12 = unused
You need a new Steering Wheel Airbag Cable for Your Audi A3 8P or Audi S3 8P, like this one in the video (OEM 8P0971589AD Q or 8P0971589Q). I call it TYPE 2. The difference between them is the black 6 pins connector (4B0971978B or 4B0971978C) and the 3 wires between the black connector and the yellow/orange connector (same connector like TYPE 1).
Black connector pinout:
Pin 1 red = LIN (data bus)
Pin 2 yellow = +12V
Pin 3 black = Ground
Pin 4, 5, 6 = unused
Yellow/Orange Connector pinout:
Pin 1 = unused
Pin 2 = unused
Pin 3 green = green airbag plug
Pin 4 white = green airbag plug
Pin 5 blue = orange airbag plug
Pin 6 orange = orange airbag plug
Pin 7 black = Ground (-12V)&Horn
Pin 8 brown =Horn
Pin 9 blue = LIN (data bus)
Pin 10 red = +12V
Pins 11-12 = unused
So, I did it! I used a standart speaker to motherboard computer connector or standard cooler connector to fit the black plug on the new Multi Function Steering Wheel (MFSW). You can find it inside any old computer, printer, LCD, etc. Audi sales appropriate spare connector (4B0971978B or 4B0971978C). You can use the speaker wires and connector, or 3 repair wires (OEM 000 979 009 E). The repair wires need to be shortened somehow.
I used the speaker wires and connector to build my harness because there is little space behind the airbag, and I did't wanted to bother airbag deployment in any way. Or, you can start searching HERE.
Connection
Airbag Cable Audi A3 8P or Audi S3 8P Pinout
Yellow Connector->Black Connector
Pin 9 blue (LIN)->Pin 1 blue (LIN)
Pin10 red(+12)-Pin 2 red(+12)
Pin 7 black(Ground)->Pin 3 black
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Please note that this is only a guide and that I take no responsibility for any damage/problems. © Copyright 2019 Audi A3 8P Retrofit - All Rights Reserved | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Urinary Incontinence
Also known as: loss of bladder control, leaky bladder.
What is urinary incontinence?
Urinary incontinence refers to the inability to control one’s ability to urinate. This can manifest itself in occasional leaks, or more severe problems with leaking urine that require more serious medical interventions.
What causes urinary incontinence?
Urinary incontinence can be caused by a variety of different factors. It can be related to other medical conditions, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), constipation, pregnancy, prostate problems or other issues. Temporary urinary incontinence can be tied to issues such as consuming caffeine, carbonated beverages, chili peppers, chocolate or certain medications.
What are the symptoms of urinary incontinence?
• Leaking urine can occur due to pressure on the bladder from coughing, sneezing, laughing or exertion (stress incontinence). It can also manifest as a strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence).
• Overflow incontinence occurs if the bladder doesn’t drain completely after urinating.
• Functional incontinence is due to a medical impairment making it difficult to urinate properly.
What are urinary incontinence care options?
Treatment options for urinary incontinence can range from using exercises and training to avoid leaks to scheduled trips to the bathroom or diet and fluid intake changes. More severe cases of urinary incontinence may require medication, medical procedures or surgery to remedy the problems that are causing urinary incontinence.
Reviewed by: Mariarita Salvitti, MD
This page was last updated on: September 09, 2019 12:19 PM | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chamari
Chamari may be,
* anything to do with the Chamar caste of India, such as the alleged Chamari language
* Chamari Atapattu, Sri Lankan cricketer
* Chamari Polgampola, Sri Lankan cricketer | WIKI |
User:Coldcaffeine/Bookmarks
For easy reference. Feel free to add anything I may be missing, it is a Wiki, afterall.
Meta
* Meta:Help:Contents
* Meta:Help:Special characters
* Meta:Help:Table
Other
* Current edit count
WP
* Barnstars on Wikipedia
* Glossary
* Help:Contents
* Help:Edit summary
* Help desk
* How to edit a page
* Manual of Style
* Policies and guidelines
* Neutral point of view
* Template messages
* Template messages/User talk namespace
* Village pump | WIKI |
Māori phonology
The phonology of Māori is typical for a Polynesian language, with its phonetic inventory being one of the smallest in the world with considerable variation in realisation. The Māori language retains the Proto-Polynesian syllable structure: (C)V(V(V)), with no closed syllables. The stress pattern is unpredictable, unlike in many other Polynesian languages.
Phonemes
The sound system of Māori is conservative; it is close to the system the Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian language had. Most Māori dialects have ten consonant and five vowel phonemes. The most unstable phonemes are and.
Despite the widely-held belief that the Māori phonetic system is simple and straightforward, in reality the realisation of Māori phonemes differs significantly; it depends on the speaker's age, the chosen register and other factors.
The most frequent Māori phonemes are (18%), (11.3%), (9.8%). In an average text, vowels make up slightly more than 60% of all the phonemes. Several combinations are extremely rare:, ; also and can only be found in loanwords. The first two combinations are rare because *f + rounded vowel became merged with *s > ; the second pair is not attested in any reconstructions of the Proto-Polynesian language.
Consonants
An unusual feature of Māori is the lack of sibilants, the most frequently encountered type of fricative consonants, as well as the lack of which is the most widespread semivowel phoneme in world languages.
Unvoiced phonemes,, and fricative allophones of and are sporadically voiced in fast speech. Devoicing of sonorants has also been attested in the same environment.
In loanwords, affects surrounding vowels by making them more close.
The realisation of and can be palatalised or velarised; before and may become an affricate, especially if it occurs in the last syllable of the phrase. Starting from the 19th century both and are increasingly aspirated, though still never as aspirated as the voiceless stops in English. The article te 'the' can be pronounced as in unstressed environments, sounding identical to its English translation. Sometimes is voiced to in unstressed syllables.
The place of articulation of is affected by the following front vowel: hī ('to fish') is pronounced as, with the palatal. In hoa ('friend') becomes labialised.
Most speakers pronounce as, but historically dominated; the realisations and also occurred (see ).
The phoneme is most frequently realised as a tap,. Sometimes it is pronounced as an approximant,, when spoken fast or when there are multiple successive instances of (such as in kōrero 'speech') and also as ; according to 19th-century data, the realisation of was common for the dialects of the South Island, but occurs sporadically elsewhere.
Vowels
The above table shows the five vowel phonemes and the allophones for some of them according to and. The number of phonemes is small, so their realisation varies considerably.
Traditionally, the Māori phonemes and were pronounced as back vowels. Partly due to the influence of New Zealand English, most younger speakers now realise them as central vowels, that is,.
Due to the influence of the New Zealand English realisation of /e/ as [e̝], the mid front as well as its long counterpart are variably merged with the close front, so that pī and kē as well as piki and kete are pronounced similarly.
Phrase-final vowels can be reduced. This is especially true for short vowels, but it happens to long ones as well in fast speech.
For Māori monophthongs there are minimal pairs differentiated by vowel length:
* kēkē ('armpit') ~ keke ('cake')
* kākā ('New Zealand kaka') ~ kaka ('stem')
* kōkō ('Tūī') ~ koko ('shovel')
* kīkī ('to speak') ~ kiki ('to kick')
* kūkū ('New Zealand pigeon') ~ kuku ('fear')
Long vowels are pronounced for approximately twice as long as their short counterparts.
Some linguists consider long vowels to be variants of the short ones, while others count them separately. The first approach is supported by the fact that long vowels prosodically behave in an identical way as vowel sequences. For example, the imperative marker /e/ has a zero variant before verbs with three or more morae: e noho 'sit down!' and e tū 'stand up!', but patua 'hit it!' and kīa 'say it!'. This is compatible with an analysis of long as, thus kīa.
The second approach is supported by the difference in quality between short vowels and the corresponding long vowels, with long vowels having a more peripheral position. This is most notably so in the pair ~ : is realised as while is realised as.
Beside monophthongs Māori has many diphthong vowel phonemes. Although any short vowel combinations are possible, researchers disagree on which combinations constitute diphthongs. Formant frequency analysis distinguishes, , , , as diphthongs. With younger speakers, start with a higher vowel than the of.
Phonotactics
Māori phonotactics is often described using a term 'mora' which in this context is a combination of a short vowel and a preceding consonant (if present). Long vowels and diphthongs are counted as two moras. With these units it is easier to set up boundaries for reduplication, define allomorphs for some particles, and it also might be important to define the poetic meter of Māori poetry.
* kaumātua ('elder'):
* four syllables:
* six moras:
For example, when the word ako ('to learn') is reduplicated, the resulted word akoako ('give or take counsel') has the first syllable stressed, while the reduplication of oho ('to wake up')—ohooho ('to be awake')—often has the second syllable stressed. The reason is that in the first example is a sequence of short vowels while forms a single syllable peak.
Stress
Most Polynesian languages stress the second to last mora of the word, but Māori stress follows many elaborate rules, which still remain not thoroughly understood. One of the rules requires assigning hierarchy to syllables, and if more than one syllable receives the highest rank, the first one gets stressed:
* 1) syllables with long vowels or geminate clusters
* 2) syllables with diphthongs
* 3) syllables with short vowels
In addition to word stress, Māori has phrasal stress that falls on the second to last mora:
* Ko te rangatíra, o tēnei márae ('the rangatira of this marae')
* Ko te maráe, o tēnei rángatira ('the marae of this rangatira')
This rule can also be applied to words that were formed by adding productive passive and nominalisation suffixes:
* káranga ('call') > karánga-tia ('be called')
* rángatira ('chief') > rangatíra-tanga ('chiefdom')
In reduplicated words, the first syllable of the repeated sequence has primary stress while the secondary stress falls on the first syllable of the second reduplication:
* āníwanìwa ('rainbow')
The first syllable of the prefix whaka- ('to cause something') is never stressed, but if it is added to a word starting with a vowel and forms a diphthong or a long vowel, the resulting syllable moves higher in the syllable hierarchy and might get stressed: whakaputa ('to emerge; to publish'), but whakaako ('to teach').
Loanwords from English do not follow the rules at all. Many researchers mention considerable variation in stress patterns.
Historical phonology
Reconstructions assume that Proto-Oceanic had 23 consonant phonemes, and only 13 remained in Proto-Polynesian: unvoiced and voiced stop consonants that contrasted in Proto-Oceanic merged, only three out of five nasal consonants remained, two more consonants disappeared completely, but at the same time Proto-Polynesian acquired vowel length distinction. Māori retains all five Proto-Oceanic vowels. From a phonotactic standpoint, Proto-Polynesian lost consonant clusters and syllable-final consonants, although their reflexes can still be found: the passive form of the word inu “to drink” is inumia, from *inum + ia. Proto-Polynesian *ʔ and *h disappeared in Māori, while *l and *r became merged into (the disappearance of and - merger are typical innovations that can be found among the Nuclear Polynesian languages, and the disappearance of is typical for Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian languages.
NB: is a very rare reflex of *f that is attested in five words as initial *faf- became, e.g. *fafine > wahine 'woman', *fafa > waha 'mouth'. The same outcome of initial *faf- is also found in other Central Eastern Polynesian languages, e.g. Hawaiian (wahine 'woman', waha 'mouth').
Generally speaking, the Proto-Polynesian *f > before labialised vowels, but is initially before non-labialised vowels. Exceptions are likely reflecting that the merge of *f and *s took considerable time. The ~ variation is also seen in dialects: *fea > in western dialects of the North Island, but in eastern dialects.
Many homophones were formed due to the phonetic inventory shrinking: for example, the word tau ('suitable') and the word tau ('season') go back to Proto-Polynesian *tau and *taqu, respectively. Another consequence of this change is the frequent occurrence of long vowels: Proto-Polynesian *kehe > kē.
Māori retains all the vowels Proto-Oceanic had, but they underwent systematic changes:
* Proto-Polynesian *u > in the second syllable (an innovation found in all Nuclear Polynesian languages)
* word-initially, *a > (a Tahitic innovation)
* sometimes *a > (occurs in many Polynesian languages irregularly)
One of the many examples of irregular changes that happened in Māori is Proto-Polynesian *lima ('hand') > Māori, although a related word *lima ('five') turned into in Māori; another one is a change from Proto-Eastern-Polynesian *aanuanua ('rainbow') > ānuanua in Tahitian while becoming āniwaniwa in Māori.
Māori has many doublets like = (from Proto-Polynesian *laŋo) and (North Island) = (South Island). Many of them occur due to metathesis, or the rearranging of sounds. In Māori's case metathesis switches adjacent vowels, consonants or syllables; in addition to that there exists a rare type of metathesis that involves sound features instead of segments: in tenga ~ kenakena ('Adam's apple') the consonants' place of articulation changes while retaining nasality; in inohi ~ unahi ('scales') the subject of metathesis is the vowel labialisation, but not the vowel height. Some morphemes have allomorphs: for example, the prefix changes to if it is preceding a word that starts with :, but ; the same can be observed for ('island'): , Moutohora Island.
Māori has undergone several notable sound changes during the last 200 years, most likely under the influence of New Zealand English phonetic system: the sound represented with $⟨wh⟩$ changed from to, stop consonants , , acquired aspiration, and and have mostly merged. Linguists studied several recordings of Māori and English speakers of different ages that had been made in the 1940s by the New Zealand Broadcasting Service and concluded that the change indeed took place. As an example, the frequency of four realizations of the phoneme spelt $⟨wh⟩$ in an informant born in the 19th century can be found below (individual percentages rounded):
* 50%
* 18%
* 13%
* 20%
The number of aspirated, , gradually increased, this change is also evident in recordings of speakers of different age:
* recording from 1947, informant born in 1885: 6% aspirated
* recording from 2001, informant born in 1934: 49% aspirated
* recording from 2001, informant born in 1972: 88% aspirated
Regional variations
Although modern Māori has largely been standardised around the form which was primarily formerly found in the central North Island, historically regional variations did exist, one of which — Southern Māori — has been revived to a very limited extent. This dialect displays marked phonological variations, notably in the existence of apocope. Several consonants are also changed in this dialect, with replacing, replacing , and used in place of in some areas. | WIKI |
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Article
How to Avoid Polymeric Coating Failure Which Leads to Corrosion in Materials
These days, if you see a painted product, it is likely a polymer-based coating providing a striking and powerful barrier between the underlying material and elements in the atmosphere that want to corrode that material. Polymer coating technology has advanced tremendously in the last decade. Coatings are more economical, durable, provide better corrosion resistance, and on top of all that, are less damaging to the environment.
Whether a polymeric coating is applied as a liquid with the polymer dissolved in a solvent or dispersed in a latex, or in a powder form with the polymer ground into fine, dry dust, these coatings are a crucial component to essentially all manufacturing sectors. Our infrastructure (i.e. bridges, oil pipelines, transportation, etc.) relies daily on these coatings doing their job and protecting the metals underneath from corrosion and degradation.
To ensure polymeric coatings provide the necessary protection and also maintain their appearance (since aesthetics is an equally important purpose of paints and coatings), the coating itself must be able to block moisture, and the integrity of its bond to the metal must be precisely controlled during manufacturing.
The fate of every painted vehicle, bridge, appliance, building, and piece of patio furniture rest in the hands of manufacturers who can guarantee the reliability of polymeric coatings by measuring and controlling the cleanliness of the surfaces they are applied to.
What is a Polymer Coating
A polymer coating, at its most fundamental level, is a paint or coating that is made with polymeric binders to provide protection against corrosion and visual appeal. A polymer is a compound molecule that is made up of simpler molecules called monomers in a large chain of molecules, which gives these substances their functional properties as a resistive layer against anything that would try to break down the material underneath, such as moisture, acids, solvents and the like.
A paint, in its most basic form, is simply a polymer dissolved in an appropriate solvent, such as mineral spirits, lacquer thinner, or sometimes water, that is applied by brush, spray, or dip. The solvent evaporates and leaves the polymer behind as a coating. Typically paints contain many functional additives beyond the polymer, including pigments, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, and more. More recently, techniques have been developed for applying paints without the need for solvents and viscosity modifiers.
Struggling with adhesion failures? Been there. Solved that.
Powder coatings, on the other hand, are ground-up polymers blended with pigments and other additives that are sprayed onto electrostatically charged surfaces. Once coated, the part is heated to melt and fuse the powder particles to the surface. Because the application process doesn’t include liquids, powder coatings can be applied thicker and more economically than liquid paints.
Polymer Coating Advantages
There are significant advantages to polymer coatings over traditional paint processes. Powder coatings are 100% solid coatings that don’t require any solvents. This makes them very attractive to manufacturers because they don’t include the added expense of purchasing or disposing of solvents, and they allow manufacturers to be more compliant with volatile organic compound (VOCs) regulations intended to protect the environment and air quality.
To learn more about designing polymer coating processes that don’t leave anything up to chance, download our free eBook: Predictable Adhesion in Manufacturing Through Process Verification.
Powder coatings also have the advantage of producing very little waste during the application process. Traditional painting processes try to avoid overspray that results in lost paint--otherwise known as scrapped material. Unlike traditional painting processes, powder coating overspray can be collected and reused.
One of polymer coating's most substantial advantages is the lack of impact they have on other properties of the materials they are applied to. For instance, if a polymeric coating is used to protect a container meant to transport and store chemicals, the coating does nothing to compromise the safety and mechanical strength of the material it coats. Over the last ten years, research has seen many advancements in functional coatings that have increased ease of use, are self-cleaning, antibacterial, and have antifouling properties.
In general, polymer coating processes can use coatings that are much harder, more heat resistant, can adhere better to the substrate, and are much more durable than traditional coatings.
The Polymer Coating Process
Water-based paints don’t include VOCs, overcoming the environmental issue mentioned earlier, but they are much less durable than polymer coatings due to their sensitivity to the surface cleanliness of the materials they are applied to. If a surface isn’t cleaned to an extremely high standard, water-based paints have a tougher time adhering to the surface.
Surface preparation is always a critical process step to ensuring strong adhesion of polymer coatings, but it’s important to prepare surfaces appropriately for the application. The type of coating and the properties of that coating are necessary to understand when developing a surface cleaning and treatment process.
Typically in manufacturing, the term polymer coating is shorthand for powder coating, even though liquid paints are also polymer films adhered to a material surface. A typical powder coating process begins with an operator loading the parts to be coated onto a conveyor that might be suspended from the ceiling or on the floor. This is the first Critical Control Point (CCP), or any point in the manufacturing process, where a material surface has the opportunity to change chemically (become contaminated or have contamination removed). The introduction of parts into a process is always the first CCP, and manufacturers need to take care to measure the surface cleanliness of all incoming parts before being processed to get a base-level understanding of how soiled or contaminated materials are at the very beginning. This step allows manufacturers to catch critical cleanliness issues before the part gets processed and costs the company time and money with rework and scrap.
The next step, and the second CCP in this process, consists of cleaning procedures using any combination of methods ranging from spray washing, chemical cleaning, etching, and then rinsing and drying. This is the process gap that, if left unchecked, can result in orange peel texturing in the coating, pinholes, inconsistent coverage, and a whole host of other very common failures.
It has to be understood that every time something comes into contact with the part, even if that something is soap, a technician’s hands moving it from one step to the next, or even just water, molecular-level contaminants are able to be transferred to the surface and cause the powder coating to adhere poorly or not at all.
Clean surfaces are very delicate and can change rapidly. This is because clean surfaces have what surface scientists call “high surface free energy.” When a surface is clean, it wants to react with anything it comes into contact with, which is great for adhesion but also means that if a surface is exposed to air, contaminated ‘cleaning’ detergents, or unclean machinery, substances that are adverse to adhesion can transfer to the material surface.
The application of polymer coatings usually involves spraying equipment that covers the surface of suspended parts on an automated assembly line. These parts not only consist of large flat surfaces that are easy to coat, but they also include tight corners, edges, curves, mechanical fasteners, and other tiny areas that pose difficulties to manufacturers looking to apply a consistent and uniform coating. These areas are not only difficult to apply a coating to due to a phenomenon called the Faraday Cage Effect, but they are also more difficult to guarantee the cleanliness of, which can lead to the polymer coating pulling back from those areas. If contaminants that are detrimental to the adhesion of a polymer coating are present in one of these small spaces, it can be extremely difficult to detect them and prevent coating failures.
The process of powder coating can be tricky as there are several new variables at play, like the necessity to ground the metal part being coated and whether the plastic powder has been reclaimed and reused properly, etc. But there is one aspect of the process that is absolutely vital and often overlooked, or at least uncontrolled.
Before a coating can adhere well to a surface, the surface needs to be thoroughly cleaned and prepared. This almost goes without saying. There is no powder coating process that does not require some manner of cleaning and surface preparation; however, these steps are usually only monitored visually, if at all, due to a lack of effective cleanliness measurement tools available for use on the production line.
Whether the powder coating process is done manually on a few parts every hour or is done through automation that is able to coat tens of thousands of parts every day, if there is no way to measure how clean the surfaces are before applying the coating, then failure is inevitable, and costs are high.
Common Polymer Coating Failure Types
Polymer coating failure is a massive economic cost to society. Every major bridge in the United States is rusting, proper maintenance of any metal fire escape requires consistent reapplication of protective coatings, and corrosion is a leading reason for oil pipeline leakage and spills.
polymer-failure-coating-type-major-bridges-in-the-united-statesIn 2013, 70,000 bridges qualified as “structurally deficient” across the country. That same year, the American Society of Civil Engineers report card for American Infrastructure gave the nation a D+ on its infrastructure, and it put the estimated investment needed by 2020 at $3.6 trillion. The Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP, formerly NACE - National Association of Corrosion Engineers) Institute estimates that “unmitigated corrosion costs the U.S. economy over $500 billion each year, or roughly 3.1 percent of our GDP.”
According to the United States Cost of Corrosion Study, produced by AMPP, corrosion costs the US oil and gas exploration and production industry $1.4 billion a year.
These issues can be largely mitigated by protective polymeric coatings that ward off corrosion and support structural integrity.
The longevity of a polymer coating and its ability to protect the underlying object from corrosion or degradation depends on two factors:
• The ability of the coating to prevent moisture from getting through
• The quality of its adhesion to the substrate
These two characteristics are closely related because reliable adhesion helps fight against moisture reaching the underlying material.
Coatings will all eventually degrade. The interface between the polymer coating and the substrate is not 100% chemically stable. This is particularly true when the substrate is steel. No material has the combination of strength and low cost of steel, so it is still the material of choice for bridges, pipelines, and cars, but it rusts. Unlike a polymer-steel interface, the interface between a polymer coating and a polymer substrate is much more chemically stable and, therefore, more durable. That’s one reason why automotive manufacturers (and increasingly, civil engineers!) are looking to advanced composite materials for their newest designs: a coated plastic or composite has no moisture-sensitive metal-polymer interface to degrade over time.
When we talk about chemical stability, we’re referring to maintaining integrity in the presence of any moisture that diffuses through a polymer coating to the interface between the polymer and the substrate. It's this moisture that causes corrosion and loss of adhesion.
Intelligent paint formulation reduces the rate of moisture permeation but can never stop it entirely, and good surface treatment techniques reduce the rate of corrosion of the substrate but can never stop it entirely.
However, when both the coating and the surface quality are controlled, the degradation rate can be slowed down to the point where it's essentially imperceptible, and the protective quality of the coating can last for many, many years.
How to Ensure a Strong and Durable Polymer Coating
The first step is to ensure the surface to be coated is uniformly clean at a molecular level. Strong, reliable adhesion occurs when two substances are chemically compatible at the top 2-5 molecular layers of their surfaces. Any cleaning, treatment, or preparation process alters the molecular makeup of surfaces. It is essential to measure the cleanliness of surfaces throughout the manufacturing process with a method that is sensitive to these molecular-level changes.
The most convenient and sensitive way to interrogate the cleanliness of a surface is to use rapid contact angle measurements optimized for manufacturing. These quantitative measurements offer a precise process control method so manufacturers can predict coating outcomes and build high-performance products.
Rethink your adhesion manufacturing processes with Surface Intelligence.
Polymer coating technology has advanced tremendously in recent history. Polymeric coatings are more economical and durable, provide better corrosion resistance, and are less damaging to the environment than traditional paints. However, the quality of the polymer coating is only as good as the quality of the substrate surface. Good manufacturing practices that involve measurement and control of surface quality are crucial to manufacturers who want to increase yield, reduce risk and waste, and build reliable products or buildings and bridges.
To learn more about designing polymer coating processes that don’t leave anything up to chance, download our free eBook: Predictable Adhesion in Manufacturing Through Process Verification.
The Future of Manufacturing: A Guide to Intelligent Adhesive Bonding Technologies & Methodologies | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of England (Froude) Vol 2.djvu/222
202 assured that they acquiesced at heart either in the separation from Rome, or in the loss of their treasured privileges. The theory of an Anglican Erastianism found favour with some of the higher Church dignitaries, and with a section perhaps of the secular priests; but the transfer to the Crown of the first-fruits, which, in their original zeal for a free Church of England, the ecclesiastics had hoped to preserve for themselves, the abrupt limitation of the powers of Convocation, and the termination of so many time-honoured and lucrative abuses, had interfered with the popularity of a view which might have been otherwise broadly welcomed; and while growing vigorously among the country gentlemen and the middle classes in the towns, among the clergy it throve only within the sunshine of the Court. The rest were overawed for the moment, and stunned by the suddenness of the blows which had fallen upon them. As far as they thought at all, they believed that the storm would be but of brief duration, that it would pass away as it had risen, and that for the moment they had only to bend. The modern Englishman looks back upon the time with the light of after-history. He has been inured by three centuries of division to the spectacle of a divided Church, and sees nothing in it either embarrassing or fearful. The ministers of a faith which had been for fifteen centuries as the seamless vesture of Christ, the priests of a Church supposed to be founded on the everlasting rock against which no power could prevail, were in a very different position. They obeyed for the time the strong hand which was upon them, | WIKI |
Female suicide bombers kill 31 in Nigeria market
(CNN)Twin bombings killed at least 31 people at a market in Madagali, Nigeria, on Friday in an apparent suicide attack carried out by two females, a military spokesman said. The "female bombers detonated an IED (improvised explosive device) inside a local market," according to a tweet from the National Emergency Management Agency in Nigeria. Residents of Madagali, in northeast Nigeria's Adamawa state, said the explosions also resulted in numerous injuries. "The military are in full control of the security situation in the area so there is no security threat," said military spokesman Maj. Badare Akintoye. Madagali is located on the border with Borno state, the birthplace of the militant group Boko Haram, and has incurred many attacks and abductions since the military retook the area from the militants in 2015. The attacks have prevented residents from resuming normal commercial and social activities in the area, locals said. Local leaders have called on Nigeria's government to deploy soldiers to villages and bushes connecting the area with Sambisa Forest, where Boko Haram militants are believed to have set up camps. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Charles Webb (Barbadian cricketer)
Charles Webb (1830 – 16 March 1917) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Barbados cricket team in 1865/66. | WIKI |
Musk's Tesla among alternative power companies offering help, seeking business boost from blackouts
As power cuts in California become the norm, Tesla founder Elon Musk joined the ranks of alternative power producers looking to help others keep the lights on, but also lift their business. On Monday Musk tweeted that anyone directly affected by the California wildfire power outages is eligible to receive a $1,000 discount on Tesla's solar panel and battery storage system. One Powerwall device currently costs at a minimum $10,199. The battery itself costs $6,500, with supporting hardware costing $1,100. Installation costs adds another $2,500 to $4,500, and it currently costs $99 to reserve a device. "We don't make much money on this product, so $1000 actually means a lot," Musk separately tweeted. Further details on the discount could not be found on the Tesla website at this time. "When the grid goes down, solar energy will continue to power your home and charge your Powerwall," the company's website says. "Powerwall can detect an outage, disconnect from the grid, and automatically restore power to your home in a fraction of a second. You will not even notice that the power went out. Your lights and appliances will continue to run without interruption." How many Powerwalls a customer needs depends on the size of the house, power usage and whether or not the customer has solar panels. If the battery device is paired with solar panels, the company recommends more than one Powerwall for any house larger than 1,200 square feet. Over the weekend California Governor Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency as wildfires rage in Sonoma County, powered by wind gusts over 100 mph. Earlier this month PG&E announced that it would preemptively cut the power for more than 800,000 customers, or about 2.7 million people, in an effort to curb the outbreak of fire. Since then, the company has cut the power an additional three times. Musk is not the only one looking to hook customers as fire season rages on and embattled PG&E struggles to find an immediate solution for how to make its grid safer and more efficient. After PG&E announced the first wave of power cuts, Solar company Sunrun tweeted about the benefits of using its battery storage system Brightbox, saying it allows users to "take back control." Backup-generator maker Generac Holdings gained more than 3% on Monday, soaring to a new all-time high as demand for the company's products surges. The stock is up roughly 20% this month, and 89% for the year. On Friday Generac CEO Aaron Jagdfeld told CNBC that the surge in demand caught the company "totally off guard." "We didn't see the largest utility in the US coming out and saying 'look our only solution is to turn the power off,'" he said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:SeoR/sandbox
All personal pages
* User:SeoR/Sandbox/Daniel O'Hare
* User:SeoR/Sandbox/Grange Abbey
* User:SeoR/Sandbox/Baldoyle Bay
* User:SeoR/Sandbox/Dublin and Lucan Tramways
* User:SeoR/Sandbox/OldKilcullen
* User:SeoR/Sandbox
Redirects: Sam Blake Yve Williams | WIKI |
Kundan Sinha Kundan Sinha - 5 months ago 31
Ruby Question
How to upload image in ruby app folder and insert url in database column
Controller
Save the object
How to Use This Controller to insert image in any folder and image url store in database
def create_json
@user = User.new(userFirstName: params[:userFirstName], userLastName: params[:userLastName], userEmail: params[:userEmail], password: encrypted_password, userImage: params[:userImage])
if @user.save #if save succeeds, redirect to the index action
redirect_to(:action => 'show', id: User.last.id)
else
#if not succeeds, redirect to the index action
redirect_to(:action => 'new')
end end
Answer
User(Model) mount_uploader :userImage, AvatarUploader
UsersController -> @user = User.new(user_params)
if @user.save
redirect_to(:action => 'show', id: User.last.id)
else
render :json => data_hash2, :content_type => 'application/json'
end
class AvatarUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
storage :file
def store_dir
"uploads/#{model.class.to_s.underscore}/#{mounted_as}/#{model.id}"
end
def extension_white_list
%w(jpg jpeg gif png)
end end
If You Using Web Service
<form action="http://ruby/controllername/create" lass="new_user" id="new_user" enctype="multipart/form-data" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Denizen Script Language Explanations
Language Explanations explain components of Denizen in a more direct and technical way than The Beginner's Guide.
Showing 1 out of 81 language explanations...
NameEscaping System
DescriptionSometimes, you need to avoid having symbols that might be misinterpreted in your data.
Denizen provides the tags Tag:ElementTag.escaped and Tag:ElementTag.unescaped to help deal with that.
Escaped replaces symbols with the relevant escape-code, and unescaped replaces the escape-codes with the real symbols.
Some older style tags and mechanisms may automatically use this same escaping system.
The mapping of symbols to escape codes is as follows:
(THESE ARE NOT TAG NAMES)
| = &pipe
< = <
> = >
newline = &nl
& = &
; = &sc
[ = &lb
] = &rb
: = &co
at sign @ = &at
. = &dot
\ = &bs
' = &sq
" = &quo
! = &exc
/ = &fs
§ = &ss
# = &ns
= = &eq
{ = &lc
} = &rc
Also, you can input a non-breaking space via &sp
Note that these are NOT tag names. They are exclusively used by the escaping system.
GroupUseful Lists
Sourcehttps://github.com/DenizenScript/Denizen-Core/blob/master/src/main/java/com/denizenscript/denizencore/tags/core/EscapeTagUtil.java#L8 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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