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Ytterbium(II) iodide
Ytterbium(II) iodide is an iodide of ytterbium, with the chemical formula of YbI2. It is a yellow solid.
Preparation
Ytterbium(II) iodide can be prepared by heating ytterbium(III) iodide:
* $$\mathrm{2\ YbI_3\ \xrightarrow []{\Delta\ T}\ 2\ YbI_2\ +\ I_2}$$
It can also be prepared by reacting metallic ytterbium with 1,2-diiodoethane in tetrahydrofuran:
* $$\mathrm{Yb\ +\ ICH_2CH_2I\ \xrightarrow []{THF} \ YbI_2\ +\ H_2C=CH_2}$$
Although the reaction takes place at room temperature, due to the sensitivity of the reagents it is necessary to work anhydrous and under inert gas. Otherwise, if oxygen is present, rapid oxidation to ytterbium(III) takes place. This can be visually recognized by the color change from green to yellow solution.
Properties and uses
Ytterbium(II) iodide is a yellow solid that is very sensitive to air and moisture and is rapidly oxidized to ytterbium(III). It reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and basic iodides, and reacts violently with acids. Ytterbium(II) iodide sinters at 0.01 Torr from about 780 °C and gives a viscous melt at about 920 °C. It begins to disproportionate into ytterbium and ytterbium(III) iodide. At around 800 °C, a yellow sublimate of ytterbium(II) iodide is observed on the glass walls; this partly obscures the disproportionation. The melting point can therefore only be determined imprecisely.
Like samarium(II) iodide (SmI2), ytterbium(II) iodide is a reagent used in organic chemical reactions.
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WIKI
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Breakingviews - China’s oil giants brace for electric car crash
HONG KONG (Reuters Breakingviews) - China’s moves to slash reliance on the internal combustion engine signal tough times for the country’s oil majors. A push into new energy vehicles (NEVs) – including battery-powered and hybrid cars – could curb demand for black gold. Sinopec and PetroChina will be hardest hit. The policy will also add to downward pressure on global crude prices. The People’s Republic is ultimately hoping to outlaw traditional gasoline-fueled cars entirely, cleaning up the air and relieving it of dependence on oil imports. There is no official deadline for the move, but Wang Chuanfu, founder of Chinese electric vehicle maker BYD, reckons the ban could come as early as 2030. As a battery maker poised to profit from the shift, Wang’s guesstimate is certainly self-interested, and probably wishful thinking. Electric cars accounted for less than 2 percent of China’s market share in 2016, and a bottleneck in battery production will hamper the transition. But there is no doubting China’s determination to push the pace. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology says NEVS should account for a fifth of auto sales by 2025. As soon as 2019, regulators want automakers to make NEVs at least 10 percent of total sales. That means China’s $440 billion retail fuel market is in for a bumpy ride. Sinopec will be hit hardest. Gasoline sales made up around a quarter of total revenue at the group’s listed unit China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation in 2016, and the energy giant runs almost a third of the country’s 100,000 or so service stations. These hubs boast more than 23,000 convenience stores, a valuable sideline. Non-fuel sales could grow by as much as 25.5 percent a year in the period 2016 to 2019, according to research by brokerage CLSA. There are plans to launch a Hong Kong IPO for the group’s marketing unit, but the outlook has clouded of late. There is no public prospectus, and the offering – expected to raise around $12 billion – now looks unlikely to materialize this year. PetroChina will feel the pinch too. It controls some 20,000 petrol stations, and sold more than 62 million tonnes of gasoline last year, worth about 357 billion yuan at 2016 prices. PetroChina is slightly less dependent on refining than Sinopec – gasoline sales made up roughly a fifth of revenues. However, investors appreciate the higher margins the company earns from refining and other downstream operations when oil prices are subdued, as they are now. If one fifth of auto sales are absorbed by the NEV market in 2025 as planned - assuming China hits its target of 35 million units sold that year - that would rob gas stations of 7 million automobiles, enough cars to support the equivalent of 3,500 gas stations, according to a conservative Breakingviews calculation. When combined with new environmental and industrial policies, a successful EV push could make a real dent in long-term global oil demand. Absent government intervention, S&P projects China’s oil consumption would probably balloon to 41 million barrels of oil a day by 2050, compared to 10.9 million barrels a day in 2015. On the other hand, if Beijing manages to meet all its ambitious published targets for electric vehicles, emissions reductions and industrial efficiency upgrades, oil demand would attain barely half those levels, the study shows. Sinopec, PetroChina, and even upstream operator CNOOC could be vulnerable. There is time to plan. It might be decades before the fleet of combustion engines actually shrinks. Even so the big Chinese players are already looking to diversify. Downstream operators might recalibrate refineries to focus on petrochemical products like plastics, while pushing further into natural gas. Sinopec says it is exploring geothermal energy and biomass, too. Offshore markets could help as well; exports of gasoline and diesel from Chinese refineries have been rising for the past few years. Another strategy might be restructuring the retail business to accommodate electric vehicles. Perhaps the gigantic network of service stations could be converted into charging stations; drivers waiting for cars to charge, or swapping batteries, might shop at the convenience stores too. Sinopec is working with State Grid to offer charging services, state-backed China Daily reported earlier this year. Unfortunately in these areas the oil incumbents have little or no advantage over other competitors. Gas stations aren’t particularly convenient places to recharge compared to, say, parking lots. Whichever route they take, energy conglomerates will still enjoy massive financial scale and unparalleled influence in the halls of government. It seems unlikely Beijing will stand aside and let them collapse. Even so, investors will watch closely to see if the oil majors can shift gears before it’s too late. Reuters Breakingviews is the world's leading source of agenda-setting financial insight. As the Reuters brand for financial commentary, we dissect the big business and economic stories as they break around the world every day. A global team of about 30 correspondents in New York, London, Hong Kong and other major cities provides expert analysis in real time. Sign up for a free trial of our full service at https://www.breakingviews.com/trial and follow us on Twitter @Breakingviews and at www.breakingviews.com. All opinions expressed are those of the authors.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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1 | 2 |
Applications of Electrolysis
The phenomenon of electrolysis has wide application. The important ones are:
(1) Determination of equivalent masses of elements:
According to second law of electrolysis when the same quantity of electronic current is passed through solutions of salts of two different cells, the amounts of the metals deposited on the cathodes of the two cells are proportional to their equivalent masses of the respective metals. If the amounts of the metals deposited on the cathodes be WA and WB respectively, then
WA/WB = (Equivalent mass of A)/(Equivalent mass of B)
Knowing the equivalent mass of one metal, the equivalent mass of the other metal can be calculated from the above relationship. The equivalent masses of those non-metals which are evolved at anodes can also be determined by this method.
(2) Electronmetallurgy:
The metals like sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium aluminum, etc., are obtained by electrolytes of fused electrolytes.
Fused electrolyte Metal isolated
NaCl + CaCl2 + KF Na
CaCl2 + CaF2 Ca
Al2O3 + cryolite Al
MgCi2 (35%) + NaCl (50%) + CaCl2 (15%) Mg
NaOH Na
KCl + CaCl2 K
(3) Manufacture of non-metals:
Non-metals like hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine are obtained by electrolysis.
(4) Electro-refining of metals:
The metals like copper, silver, gold, aluminum, tin, etc., are refined by electrolysis.
(5) Manufacture of compounds:
Compounds like NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 KCIO3, white lead, KMnO4, etc., are manufactured by electrolysis.
(6) Electroplating:
The process of coating an inferior metal with a superior metal by electrolysis is known as electroplating.
The aims of electroplating are:
(i) To prevent the inferior metal from corrosion.
(ii) To make it more attractive in appearance.
The object to be electroplated is made the cathode and block of the metal to be deposited is made the anode in an electrolytic bath containing a solution of a salt of the anodic metal. On passing electric current in the cell, the metal of the anode dissolves out and is deposited on the cathode-article in the form of a thin film. The following are the requirements for fine coating:
(i) The surface of the article should be free from greasy matter and its oxide layer. The surface is cleaned with chromic acid or detergents.
(ii) The surface of the article should be rough so that the metal deposited sticks permanently.
(iii) The concentration of the electrolyte should be so adjusted as to get smooth coating.
(iv) Current density must be the same throughout.
For electroplating
Anode
Cathode
Electrolyte
With copper
With silver
With nickel
With gold
With zinc
With thin
Cu
Ag
Ni
Au
Zn
Sn
Object
Object
Object
Object
Iron objects
Iron objects
CuSo4 + dilute H2So4
KAg(CN)2
Nickel ammonium sulphate
KAu(CN)2
ZnSO4
SnSO4
Thickness of coated layer
Let the dimensions of metal sheet to be coated be (a cm × b cm).
Thickness of coated layer = c cm
Volume of coated layer = (a × b × c) cm3
Mass of the deposited substance = Volume × density
= (a × b × c) × d g
=> (a × b × c) × d = (I×t×E)/96500
Using above relation we may calculate the thickness of coated layer.
Note: Sometimes radius of atom of deposited metal is given instead of density, e.g.,
Radius of silver atom = 10-8 cm
Atomic mass of Ag = 108
Mass of single silver atom = 108/(6.023× 1023 ) g
Volume of single atom = 4/3× πR3
= 4/3×3.14×(10-8)3 cm3
Density of Ag = (Mass of single atom )/(Volume of single atom)
= (108/6.023 × 1023)/(4/3×3.14×10-8 )3
Current efficiency
Sometimes the ammeter shows false current due to mechanical fault. In this case,
% Current efficiency = (Actual current)/(Ammeter current)×100
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Will You Get More Money From Monthly Dividend Stocks?
The go-to figure for dividend investors is usually dividend yield. But this figure is simply the annualized dividend divided by the stock price, so it doesn't take into account the frequency of the dividend payment. Does a dividend being paid monthly, quarterly, or yearly make any difference? It can, and here's why.
From worst to best
By far, for most investors, the worst way for a dividend to be paid is yearly. Basically everything rides on that one single payment, which will be relatively large. If you are reinvesting dividends, that's probably not too problematic -- but if you are trying to live off of the income your portfolio creates, it is a nightmare. Essentially, you have to ration out the payment over the next 12 months. Similarly, semi-annual dividends -- paid once every six months -- can also create budgeting problems.
Image source: Getty Images.
But here's a big question: What happens if those infrequent dividends don't get paid? That's exactly what happened to Disney (NYSE: DIS) shareholders in 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic upended that company's business. The semi-annual dividend is expected to come back in 2024, but counting on an outsized dividend payment is a huge risk factor to consider when looking at an annual or semi-annual payer.
Quarterly dividends are a step in the right direction. This payment frequency means you'll collect four payments in a year, helping to spread out the income that dividend investors collect. If the dividend was to get cut, you'd be upset, but the hit wouldn't be quite as large given the smaller, more frequent payment schedule. And trying to spread a dividend check over three months is far easier than trying to spread an annual check over 12 months or a semi-annual payout over a six-month period.
That said, the best option for investors is probably a monthly dividend payment, like you'd collect from Realty Income (NYSE: O) or Agree Realty. The initial hit from a dividend cut would be relatively modest, and a monthly dividend is pretty much as close as you can get to replacing a paycheck, making managing your daily finances much easier.
Do you get more?
From a big-picture perspective, however, dividend frequency doesn't change how much money you are getting. As noted, dividend yield is a simple math problem, and it places all dividend payers on an even playing field because the dividend figure used is annualized. So Realty Income's 4.9% or so yield is the same as any other 4.9% yield. The convenience of being paid monthly is the biggest difference. It shouldn't be overlooked, but it shouldn't be the only factor you consider.
That said, there is a potential benefit to more frequent dividend payments if you reinvest the dividend. In this scenario, you wouldn't be living off of the income, but buying more shares with each dividend payment. The more frequent monthly dividend periods would allow investors to benefit from dollar-cost averaging the purchases, hopefully leading to a lower average purchase cost over time. The benefit versus quarterly purchases, however, probably won't end up being huge. Pitted against an annual dividend, or semi-annual as is common in Europe, quarterly and monthly dividend reinvestment are probably better, but a lot still depends on the vagaries of Mr. Market.
Convenience is the big win
At the end of the day, investors should probably pay more attention to company fundamentals and stock valuation than dividend frequency. However, there are some potentially modest and material benefits from collecting more frequent dividends. On the modest front, dividend reinvestment of monthly dividends could lead to a dollar-cost averaging benefit. On the material side, it is much easier to budget with monthly dividends if you are trying to live off of the dividends you collect. While dividend yield is a pretty simple mathematical equation, it doesn't take into account everything that dividend investors need to consider.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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scar revision Scar revision is a treatment procedure that helps to alter and alleviate the after-effects of scar tissue formation, and it is utilized to improve the physical appearance and eliminate unsightly scars. Scarring has various effects not just on the skin but to a person’s self-esteem as well. It alters one’s view on the quality of life and their general appearance. The early stages of scar formation can be taut, uncomfortable, stiff, and very itchy.
Treatment choices
Various treatments are addressed to minimize scar formation. These treatment methods include injectable fillers, chemical peels, microneedle therapy, dermabrasion, and laser therapy that help to stimulate neocollagenesis. Other treatments involve non-ablative laser therapy that aims to eliminate redness and smooth the texture of the scarred area, and fractional radiofrequency therapy that helps to eliminate scar tissue formation.
How does scar revision work?
During the administration of energy-based scar revision therapy, there are prescribed treatment parameters that need to be established in order to promote the patient’s comfort and safety first and foremost. These parameters will then minimize the occurrence of physical an internal damage to the surrounding tissue, maximizes optimum results for scar revision, and manages precision energy delivery for a faster recovery window.
Treating scar revision for darker skin using laser energy is a bit more complicated compared to treatment for lighter skin. Patients are more at risk for developing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or PIH.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ferragus/Preface
Thirteen men were banded together in Paris under the Empire, all imbued with one and the same sentiment, all gifted with sufficient energy to be faithful to the same thought, with sufficient honor among themselves never to betray one another even if their interests clashed; and sufficiently wily and politic to conceal the sacred ties that united them, sufficiently strong to maintain themselves above the law, bold enough to undertake all things, and fortunate enough to succeed, nearly always, in their undertakings; having run the greatest dangers, but keeping silence if defeated; inaccessible to fear; trembling neither before princes, nor executioners, not even before innocence; accepting each other for such as they were, without social prejudices,—criminals, no doubt, but certainly remarkable through certain of the qualities that make great men, and recruiting their number only among men of mark. That nothing might be lacking to the sombre and mysterious poesy of their history, these Thirteen men have remained to this day unknown; though all have realized the most chimerical ideas that the fantastic power falsely attributed to the Manfreds, the Fausts, and the Melmoths can suggest to the imagination. To-day, they are broken up, or, at least, dispersed; they have peaceably put their necks once more under the yoke of civil law, just as Morgan, that Achilles among pirates, transformed himself from a buccaneering scourge to a quiet colonist, and spent, without remorse, around his domestic hearth the millions gathered in blood by the lurid light of flames and slaughter.
Since the death of Napoleon, circumstances, about which the author must keep silence, have still farther dissolved the original bond of this secret society, always extraordinary, sometimes sinister, as though it lived in the blackest pages of Mrs. Radcliffe. A somewhat strange permission to relate in his own way a few of the adventures of these men (while respecting certain susceptibilities) has only recently been given to him by one of those anonymous heroes to whom all society was once occultly subjected. In this permission the writer fancied he detected a vague desire for personal celebrity.
This man, apparently still young, with fair hair and blue eyes, whose sweet, clear voice seemed to denote a feminine soul, was pale of face and mysterious in manner; he conversed affably, declared himself not more than forty years of age, and apparently belonged to the very highest social classes. The name which he assumed must have been fictitious; his person was unknown in society. Who was he? That, no one has ever known.
Perhaps, in confiding to the author the extraordinary matters which he related to him, this mysterious person may have wished to see them in a manner reproduced, and thus enjoy the emotions they were certain to bring to the hearts of the masses,—a feeling analogous to that of Macpherson when the name of his creation Ossian was transcribed into all languages. That was certainly, for the Scotch lawyer, one of the keenest, or at any rate the rarest, sensations a man could give himself. Is it not the incognito of genius? To write the "Itinerary from Paris to Jerusalem" is to take a share in the human glory of a single epoch; but to endow his native land with another Homer, was not that usurping the work of God?
The author knows too well the laws of narration to be ignorant of the pledges this short preface is contracting for him; but he also knows enough of the history of the Thirteen to be certain that his present tale will never be thought below the interest inspired by this programme. Dramas steeped in blood, comedies filled with terror, romantic tales through which rolled heads mysteriously decapitated, have been confided to him. If readers were not surfeited with horrors served up to them of late in cold blood, he might reveal the calm atrocities, the surpassing tragedies concealed under family life. But he chooses in preference gentler events,—those where scenes of purity succeed the tempests of passion; where woman is radiant with virtue and beauty. To the honor of the Thirteen be it said that there are such scenes in their history, which may have the honor of being some day published as a foil of tales to listeners,—that race apart from others, so curiously energetic, and so interesting in spite of its crimes.
An author ought to be above converting his tale, when the tale is true, into a species of surprise-game, and of taking his readers, as certain novellists do, through many volumes and from cellar to cellar, to show them the dry bones of a dead body, and tell them, by way of conclusion, that that is what has frightened them behind doors, hidden in the arras, or in cellars where the dead man was buried and forgotten. In spite of his aversion for prefaces, the author feels bound to place the following statement at the head of this narrative. Ferragus is a first episode which clings by invisible links to the "History of the Thirteen," whose power, naturally acquired, can alone explain certain acts and agencies which would otherwise seem supernatural. Although it is permissible in tellers of tales to have a sort of literary coquetry in becoming historians, they ought to renounce the benefit that may accrue from an odd or fantastic title—on which certain slight successes have been won in the present day. Consequently, the author will now explain, succinctly, the reasons that obliged him to select a title to his book which seems at first sight unnatural.
Ferragus is, according to ancient custom, a name taken by the chief or Grand Master of the Devorants. On the day of their election these chiefs continue whichever of the dynasties of their Order they are most in sympathy with, precisely as the Popes do, on their accession, in connection with pontifical dynasties. Thus the Devorants have "Trempe-la Soupe IX.," "Ferragus XXII.," "Tutanus XIII.," "Masche-Fer IV.," just as the Church has Clement XIV., Gregory VII., Julius II., Alexander VI., etc.
Now, then, who are the Devorants? "Devorant" is the name of one of those tribes of "Companions" that issued in ancient times from the great mystical association formed among the workers of Christianity to rebuild the temple at Jerusalem. Companionism (to coin a word) still exists in France among the people. Its traditions, powerful over minds that are not enlightened, and over men not educated enough to cast aside an oath, might serve the ends of formidable enterprises if some rough-hewn genius were to seize hold of these diverse associations. All the instruments of this Companionism are well-nigh blind. From town to town there has existed from time immemorial, for the use of Companions, an "Obade,"—a sort of halting-place, kept by a "Mother," an old woman, half-gypsy, with nothing to lose, knowing everything that happens in her neighborhood, and devoted, either from fear or habit, to the tribe, whose straggling members she feeds and lodges. This people, ever moving and changing, though controlled by immutable customs, has its eyes everywhere, executes, without judging it, a WILL,—for the oldest Companion still belongs to an era when men had faith. Moreover, the whole body professes doctrines that are sufficiently true and sufficiently mysterious to electrify into a sort of tribal loyalty all adepts whenever they obtain even a slight development. The attachment of the Companions to their laws is so passionate that the diverse tribes will fight sanguinary battles with each other in defence of some question of principle.
Happily for our present public safety, when a Devorant is ambitious, he builds houses, lays by his money, and leaves the Order. There is many a curious thing to tell about the "Compagnons du Devoir" [Companions of the Duty], the rivals of the Devorants, and about the different sects of working-men, their usages, their fraternity, and the bond existing between them and the free-masons. But such details would be out of place here. The author must, however, add that under the old monarchy it was not an unknown thing to find a "Trempe-la-Soupe" enslaved to the king sentenced for a hundred and one years to the galleys, but ruling his tribe from there, religiously consulted by it, and when he escaped from his galley, certain of help, succor, and respect, wherever he might be. To see its grand master at the galleys is, to the faithful tribe, only one of those misfortunes for which providence is responsible, and which does not release the Devorants from obeying a power created by them to be above them. It is but the passing exile of their legitimate king, always a king for them. Thus we see the romantic prestige attaching to the name of Ferragus and to that of the Devorants completely dissipated.
As for the Thirteen, they were all men of the stamp of Trelawney, Lord Byron's friend, who was, they say, the original of his "Corsair." They were all fatalists, men of nerve and poesy, weary of leading flat and empty lives, driven toward Asiatic enjoyments by forces all the more excessive because, long dormant, they awoke furious. One of them, after re-reading "Venice Preserved," and admiring the sublime union of Pierre and Jaffier, began to reflect on the virtues shown by men who are outlawed by society, on the honesty of galley-slaves, the faithfulness of thieves among each other, the privileges of exorbitant power which such men know how to win by concentrating all ideas into a single will. He saw that Man is greater than men. He concluded that society ought to belong wholly to those distinguished beings who, to natural intelligence, acquired wisdom, and fortune, add a fanaticism hot enough to fuse into one casting these different forces. That done, their occult power, vast in action and in intensity, against which the social order would be helpless, would cast down all obstacles, blast all other wills, and give to each the devilish power of all. This world apart within the world, hostile to the world, admitting none of the world's ideas, not recognizing any law, not submitting to any conscience but that of necessity, obedient to a devotion only, acting with every faculty for a single associate when one of their number asked for the assistance of all,—this life of filibusters in lemon kid gloves and cabriolets; this intimate union of superior beings, cold and sarcastic, smiling and cursing in the midst of a false and puerile society; this certainty of forcing all things to serve an end, of plotting a vengeance that could not fail of living in thirteen hearts; this happiness of nurturing a secret hatred in the face of men, and of being always in arms against this; this ability to withdraw to the sanctuary of self with one idea more than even the most remarkable of men could have,—this religion of pleasure and egotism cast so strong a spell over Thirteen men that they revived the society of Jesuits to the profit of the devil.
It was horrible and stupendous; but the compact was made, and it lasted precisely because it appeared to be so impossible.
There was, therefore, in Paris a brotherhood of Thirteen, who belonged to each other absolutely, but ignored themselves as absolutely before the world. At night they met, like conspirators, hiding no thought, disposing each and all of a common fortune, like that of the Old Man of the Mountain; having their feet in all salons, their hands in all money-boxes, and making all things serve their purpose or their fancy without scruple. No chief commanded them; no one member could arrogate to himself that power. The most eager passion, the most exacting circumstance, alone had the right to pass first. They were Thirteen unknown kings,—but true kings, more than ordinary kings and judges and executioners,—men who, having made themselves wings to roam through society from depth to height, disdained to be anything in the social sphere because they could be all. If the present writer ever learns the reasons of their abdication of this power, he will take occasion to tell them.
Now, with this brief explanation, he may be allowed to begin the tale of certain episodes in the history of the Thirteen, which have more particularly attracted him by the Parisian flavor of their details and the whimsicality of their contrasts.
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WIKI
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Roku Developer Program
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stitch1z
Visitor
Oof! I am a noob.
I can manipulate php, some SQL, and xml, but the Brightscript is really tough for me to wrap my head around.
As I understand, starting with some of the example channels can be sort of overly-complicated, so I was hoping someone here can tell me where to start.
Specifically, I don't know where (or how) to define and parse my xml "fields" in brightscript. Such as <category>, <title>, <preview>, etc. What should that BS file be called? What should be included in it.
I have a million other questions / issues at the moment, but if I could at least get some of the front-end and design elements in place, I would feel much better. Hope I'm not being a bother.
I am trying to decipher the documentation and examples, but it is SO MUCH information to take in, that I fear I may be over complicating the issues.
Thank you in advance.
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Re: Oof! I am a noob.
Which version of the SDK are you using? That will be helpful in calling out certain pages of the documents.
Also what type of channel are you trying to create? There are quite a few options (screensaver, video, photo, music) and each has a different approach and different demos to look through.
I'd strongly recommend starting with the Channel Packaging and Publishing guide and doing a very simple Hello, World script. It's not directly related to coding, but understanding the process of taking a channel from a folder of asset files and .brs scripts to something that shows up on your Roku via the channel store is a good groundwork to build from.
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stitch1z
Visitor
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
Thank you for the response!
I am using v2.9 SDK
I am creating a ppv video channel (like Amazon, EZTakes).
I have the XML feeds set up, but like I said, I have no idea where to start on the brightscript. Checking out the packaging documents now.
Any other advice based on that info? Thanks again!
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stitch1z
Visitor
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
I am checking out the videoplayer source code since it is the closest to what I need...
Okay, correct me if I'm wrong, but the xml feed "fields" for each video are defined in the "showfeed.brs" file, correct?
Would I add a "preview" field here:
Function init_show_feed_item() As Object
o = CreateObject("roAssociativeArray")
o.ContentId = ""
o.Title = ""
o.ContentType = ""
o.ContentQuality = ""
o.Synopsis = ""
o.Genre = ""
o.Runtime = ""
o.StreamQualities = CreateObject("roArray", 5, true)
o.StreamBitrates = CreateObject("roArray", 5, true)
o.StreamUrls = CreateObject("roArray", 5, true)
return o
End Function
or here?
Function parse_show_feed(xml As Object, feed As Object) As Void
showCount = 0
showList = xml.GetChildElements()
for each curShow in showList
'for now, don't process meta info about the feed size
if curShow.GetName() = "resultLength" or curShow.GetName() = "endIndex" then
goto skipitem
endif
item = init_show_feed_item()
'fetch all values from the xml for the current show
item.hdImg = validstr(curShow@hdImg)
item.sdImg = validstr(curShow@sdImg)
item.ContentId = validstr(curShow.contentId.GetText())
item.Title = validstr(curShow.title.GetText())
item.Description = validstr(curShow.description.GetText())
item.ContentType = validstr(curShow.contentType.GetText())
item.ContentQuality = validstr(curShow.contentQuality.GetText())
item.Synopsis = validstr(curShow.synopsis.GetText())
item.Genre = validstr(curShow.genres.GetText())
item.Runtime = validstr(curShow.runtime.GetText())
item.HDBifUrl = validstr(curShow.hdBifUrl.GetText())
item.SDBifUrl = validstr(curShow.sdBifUrl.GetText())
item.StreamFormat = validstr(curShow.streamFormat.GetText())
if item.StreamFormat = "" then 'set default streamFormat to mp4 if doesn't exist in xml
item.StreamFormat = "mp4"
endif
'map xml attributes into screen specific variables
item.ShortDescriptionLine1 = item.Title
item.ShortDescriptionLine2 = item.Description
item.HDPosterUrl = item.hdImg
item.SDPosterUrl = item.sdImg
item.Length = strtoi(item.Runtime)
item.Categories = CreateObject("roArray", 5, true)
item.Categories.Push(item.Genre)
item.Actors = CreateObject("roArray", 5, true)
item.Actors.Push(item.Genre)
item.Description = item.Synopsis
'Set Default screen values for items not in feed
item.HDBranded = false
item.IsHD = false
item.StarRating = "90"
item.ContentType = "episode"
'media may be at multiple bitrates, so parse an build arrays
for idx = 0 to 4
e = curShow.media[idx]
if e <> invalid then
item.StreamBitrates.Push(strtoi(validstr(e.streamBitrate.GetText())))
item.StreamQualities.Push(validstr(e.streamQuality.GetText()))
item.StreamUrls.Push(validstr(e.streamUrl.GetText()))
endif
next idx
showCount = showCount + 1
feed.Push(item)
skipitem:
next
And if the latter, where exactly?
Also, If I were offering the same video in three different bitrates, how would I need to define those here?
Thanks again. Sorry I suck.
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stitch1z
Visitor
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
To specify, I'm not talking about adding in the built-in 2 minute preview of a video, but an actual trailer of the film.
Thanks again!
0 Kudos
stitch1z
Visitor
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
Bumpety bump
0 Kudos
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
init_show_feed_item() is just creating a simple object to use in your BrightScript. It's a storage container for the data you are pulling from the XML. It doesn't actually define the XML file, you do that by altering the structure of the XML file directly, adding nodes and attributes. Note, your parse function will need to know what to expect in terms of the structure, so if you modify the XML, also modify the parse function to accomodate.
parse_show_feed() is what parses the XML files and pulls the data into the roAssociativeArray. Check the xml folder of the videoplayer example to see how the XML is structured, then follow along in the parse_show_feed function. If you want a quick shorthand: @ references an attribute, . references a child node, and GetText() returns the contents of a node. Section 4.5 of the BrightScript Reference Manual covers XML support in BrightScript.
If you wanted to add additional info for each video item, you would probably want to do that in all three places.
1. The XML File - Add additional element nodes or attributes to each <item></item>
2. The init_show_feed_item function - Add additional properties in your roAssociativeArray
3. The parse_show_feed function - Read the xml nodes or attributes from the xml file and store them your roAssociativeArray
As an example, your XML might look like this after adding a previewUrl item:
<item sdImg="http://rokudev.roku.com/rokudev/examples/videoplayer/images/ElizabethGilbert.jpg" hdImg="http://rokudev.roku.com/rokudev/examples/videoplayer/images/ElizabethGilbert.jpg">
<title>Elizabeth Gilbert on nurturing creativity</title>
<contentId>10051</contentId>
<contentType>Talk</contentType>
<contentQuality>SD</contentQuality>
<streamFormat>mp4</streamFormat>
<media>
<streamQuality>SD</streamQuality>
<streamBitrate>1500</streamBitrate>
<streamUrl>http://video.ted.com/talks/podcast/ElizabethGilbert_2009_480.mp4</streamUrl>
<previewUrl>http://video.ted.com/talks/podcast/ElizabethGilbert_2009_480.mp4</previewUrl>
</media>
<synopsis>Elizabeth Gilbert muses on the impossible things we expect from artists and geniuses -- and shares the radical idea that, instead of the rare person 'being' a genius, all of us 'have' a genius. It's a funny, personal and surprisingly moving talk.</synopsis>
<genres>Creativity</genres>
<runtime>1172</runtime>
</item>
Note the new previewUrl node inside the media node.
Once you have the information pulled into your roAssociative array, you'll probably have to write your own solution to determine when to play different bit rate files and preview files. Hopefully someone with more experience on the video end of things can chime in with some suggestions there.
Hope this was at least a little clarifying. 🙂
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stitch1z
Visitor
Re: Oof! I am a noob.
Thank you Ryan, that helps a lot!
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Elbow pain in pregnancy
Can you get elbow pain in pregnancy?
It is not unusual to get aches and pains in and around the joints in your body during pregnancy. Some studies suggest that this is due to a release of a hormone called relaxin that has the role of changing the collagen make-up of the ligaments that ensures that the pelvis can expand to aid in childbirth.
Another common condition during pregnancy is called carpal tunnel syndrome. In severe cases directly this condition which causes pain and paresthesia in your hand can radiate up the arm towards the elbow. Symptoms are normally more bothersome through the night due to fluid and positional changes in the arm. This nerve irritation can normally be treated successfully with activity modification and splints.
After giving birth it is not uncommon to continue to experience elbow pain. When your baby is young you will be doing a lot more lifting and carrying which can irritate the tendons associated with your forearm muscles. You may also be pushing a pram and gripping onto car seats etc. As previously stated this can be something that can cause tennis elbow or golfers elbow.
It may be important to try to adapt and change your activity, for example changing the way you lift your baby, avoiding repetitive movements and using pillows and supports whilst feeding. Another easing factor is to make any objects you need to grip bigger by adding layers to it. You can also buy straps for your elbow to give a sense of support and offload the tendons involved. All these ways give the tendons involved time to rest and recover without being repetitively aggravated.
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Art of Jiu Jitsu
Art of Jiu Jitsu (AOJ) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu academy and team started in 2012 by black belt world champion brothers Rafael and Guilherme Mendes together with RVCA founder PM Tenore.
History
The Art Of Jiu Jitsu (AOJ) academy was established in 2012 by Rafael and Guilherme Mendes, in collaboration with RVCA founder PM Tenore, originally as an affiliate of Atos Jiu-Jitsu. The academy is located in Costa Mesa, California.
In 2015, the Mendes brothers started a training scholarship to provide select juvenile athletes full room and board, assistance with event registration and travel, and the opportunity to train with one of the world's top competitive teams. The first two athletes to be recruited were Caio Antonini and Johnatha Alves, chosen out of 1,000 applicants. Recipients of the scholarship later included Tainan Dalpra.
In 2015 and 2016 the Mendes brothers retired from their competitive careers, after winning 10 world titles between them, to focus on their academy.
The academy became known for its strong children's program, among their first students were twin brothers Tye and Kade Ruotolo who trained at AOJ between the age of 10 and 14, before transferring to Atos’ adult program in 2017.
During the 2020 IBJJF European Championship taking place in January, AOJ athletes started competing under "Art of Jiu Jitsu", instead of Atos; the following month, AOJ officially split from Atos becoming its own affiliation. The same year, the brothers promoted the first black belts from the kid's program, Jessa Khan and Tainan Dalpra who started at AOJ through the Believe & Achieve program.
As a black belt, Dalpra won the 2021 IBJJF World Championship. The following year, Dalpra and Thalison Soares won the 2022 World Championship representing AOJ. The AOJ men's team came fourth at the 2022 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship.
In April 2023, the Mendes brothers announced that they would be opening a second Art of Jiu Jitsu location. AOJ Mission Viejo, the brand's second location opened its doors on March 11, 2024.
At the 2023 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship AOJ had six black belt finalists, four of whom won gold, all of them issued of a single academy. AOJ won 'Gym of the Year' at the JitsMagazine BJJ Awards in 2023
Notable members
A list of current and former members:
* Cole Abate
* Margot Ciccarelli
* Tainan Dalpra
* Jessa Khan
* Mikey Musumeci
* Tammi Musumeci
* Tye Ruotolo
* Kade Ruotolo
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User:Neelamchandra/sandbox
Neelam Chandra has written lyrics for the song MERE SAJAN SUN SUN composed by Shankar Tucker.
Neelam Chandra is an engineer by profession. Writing poetry and fiction is her passion. More than two hundred of her stories/poems have been published in various leading Indian as well as international magazines such as Enchanting Verses, Frog croon, Saraba, Ewoman etc. Three of her children's story books have also been published. Her poems/stories have been published in various international anthologies such as ON THE BRINK (By Spectacle Publishing), HEALING WAVES (By Skywarrior Publications), PHO FOR LIFE etc. She has won second prize in a competition organized by Pratham Books (Chuskit competition). One of her story has won an award in a contest organized by Children Book Trust, India in 2009. She has also been awarded second prize by Gulzarji in a Poetry Contest organized by American Society on the topic 'Poetry for Social Change'. Her story was also awarded in a contest organized by IWG Writers Guild.
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Tag Archives: angular unit test
TDD Test AngularJs Service $Http
In my last post I have hardcode the data into the service to let my test pass, now in this post I will change that service to by inject the $http service into my module and let it return httpPromise.
Here is my new movieApi.js file
(function(){
"use strict";
var app = angular.module('moviesApi',[]);
app.factory('moviesApi',function($http, $q){
var service = {};
var baseUrl = 'http://www.omdbapi.com/?v=1&';
function httpPromise (url) {
var deferred = $q.defer();
$http.get(url)
.success(function(data) {
deferred.resolve(data);
})
.error(function(error) {
deferred.reject(error);
});
return deferred.promise;
}
service.search = function(query) {
return httpPromise(baseUrl + 's=' +
encodeURIComponent(query));
}
return service;
});
})()
Then my unit test fail, that is because now my service return a promise and it has not resolve yet, but my test expect data, for how to solve this issue, angularjs has provide $httpBackend for Fake HTTP backend implementation for unit testing application that use the $http service.
Here is the new test code:
$httpBackend;
beforeEach(module('moviesApi'));
//angular.mock is under the globe variable, so I have remove it
//the beforeEach is jasmine provide if you have multiple test need
//the same set up, it will automatic set for each test, will reduce copy code
//for name convenience I also changed the service's name
//to match the module name
//then in the dependence inject angularjs allow your put the underscore
//for your inject service,it will pick it up
beforeEach(inject(function(_moviesApi_,_$httpBackend_) {
moviesApi = _moviesApi_;
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
}));
it('should return search movies data',function(){
var response;
var expectedUrl = 'http://www.omdbapi.com/?v=1&s=star%20wars';
$httpBackend.when('GET',expectedUrl)
.respond(200,moviesData);
moviesApi.search('star wars')
.then(function(data){
response = data;
});
//the fake $httpBackend has function flush will resolve the data for you to //test
$httpBackend.flush();
expect(response).toEqual(moviesData);
});
Tips: as frondend developer also could using this Fake data create a service response, so you do not need waiting for the backend service finished to do your job.
Now the test will pass.
Have fun!
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Introduction Set up TTD for Angular App – to be continue
Step 1 : go to Jasmine release page https://github.com/jasmine/jasmine/releases download the standalone zip file.
Step2: create a project folder in your computer where you like to put it, unzip the jasmine standalone zip file inside your project folder, then we could delete the sample files inside src and spec folder since we won’t using it, but keep the folder, so we could still using it.
Step3: run npm init (make sure nodejs has been install in your computer) will create package.json file
Step4: install karma as test runner
npm install karma --save-dev
Step5: install -g karma-cli
Step6: npm install karma-jasmine karma-chrome-launcher –save-dev
Step7:karma init (for add the config file for karma)
test
Step 8: normal running test in phantom is fast so also need install packages:
“karma-phantomjs-launcher”: “^0.2.1”,
“phantomjs”: “^1.9.18”
Now your package.json file will look like this
{
"name": "sample",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "karma start karma.conf.js"
},
"keywords": [
"sample"
],
"author": "sandy zhang",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"jasmine-core": "^2.3.4",
"karma": "^0.13.9",
"karma-chrome-launcher": "^0.2.0",
"karma-jasmine": "^0.3.6",
"karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^0.2.1",
"phantomjs": "^1.9.18"
}
}
Step9: Add angularjs and angular-mock.js into the lib folder, and included it into the karma config file
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Sat Nov 12 2016 22:15:24 GMT+1100 (AUS Eastern Daylight Time)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['jasmine'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
'lib/angular/angular.min.js',
'lib/angular/angular-mocks.js',
'src/**/*.js',
'spec/**/*.js'
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress'],
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: false,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity
})
}
Now I create a calculater.js file inside src folder with one function
function add(x,y){
return x+y;
};
And create your first calculater.spec.js inside spec folder
describe(‘calculator’,function(){
it(‘should add two number’,function(){
expect(add(1,2)).toBe(3);
})
});
then run npm test, then your will get your result.
firsttest.JPG
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« PreviousContinue »
The next day, the Samaritan went away, but he told the man who kept the inn, that he would pay him for his care of the sick man, besides paying him money then for what he had done.
When Jesus had shown this Jew how kind and good the Samaritan was, he asked him, "Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor to him who fell among the thieves?"
The man answered, "I think he that showed mercy to the man, was his neighbor."
Then Jesus said to the man who had asked him what he should do, “ Go thou, and do likewise." Go, and do like this Samaritan; do all thou canst to relieve people in distress, and to make others happy.
THE Bible is divided into the Old Testament, and the New Testament. Testament means will. These Testaments contain God's will-What God chooses his creatures should do. The first part of the Bible is called the Old Testament, because it was written first. The New Testament is called new, because it was written last. The Bible was written by different people at different times.
The Old Testament was written in the Hebrew language. It is the history of the people once called Hebrews; they have since been called Jews.
The New Testament was mostly written in the Greek language. The first four books of
the New Testainent are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These books are sometimes called Gospels. They are four histories of Jesus Christ; they were written by four good men, who loved Christ. The names of the books are taken from the names of the men who wrote them. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. They are sometimes called Saint Matthew, Saint Mark, &c. Saint means a holy, or pious person.
Besides these Gospels, the New Testament contains the Epistles and the Revelations.
Children see Romans, Corinthians, Ephesians, written over the top of the pages of the New Testament. They see Jude, Peter, James, &c. - Romans, Corinthians, and Ephesians, mean the letters of Saint Paul to the people who lived at Rome, at Corinth, and at Ephesus. Jude, Peter, James, mean letters written by Jude, Peter, and Jaines.
Children can understand very little about what is contained in Revelations.
We read in the New Testament of the Temple, the Synagogue, Scribes and Pharisees; young children do not know what these words
The Temple was a very great and beautiful church. The first Temple of the Jews was built by king Solomon.
Synagogues were smaller churches where the ministers taught the people.
There are at this time different sorts or sects of Christians; there are Quakers, Roman Catholics, Baptists, &c. There were different sects of Jews. The Pharisees were one sect of Jews. The Pharisees pretended to be bet
ter than other people; they pretended to be better than they were. This is to be a hypocrite. Jesus Christ did not respect the Pharisees, he called them "hypocrites."
Scribes. It has been written in another place, that printed books have not been used more than three hundred years. Before printed books were used, people had no other books than those which were written with a pen. 'The people who wrote all the books were called scribes, or writers.
The Jews had books written by wise men called prophets; the people wanted to read these books; they had a law which God gave them to obey; they wanted to read that also ; so instead of having the law and prophets (which are a part of the Bible that we use) printed, as we now have them, they had them written; and instead of printers, as we have, they had scribes, to write the "law and prophets," for the people to read.
THE TEN VIRGINS.
In the twenty-fifth chapter of St. Matthew is a Parable called the Ten Virgins.
Ten virgins went out to meet a man who was to be married. Five of these virgins were wise, and five were foolish. It was evening, and they wanted lamps to light them on the way.
The wise virgins knew that they might be kept waiting to a late hour; they could not tell how long, so they took lamps filled with oil, and
they took some other oil besides, that if the oil in the lamps burned out they might have more
oil to use.
The careless, foolish virgins, thought not at all about the time they might be obliged to wait; they only took oil in their lamps. They were obliged to wait a long time for the bridegroom; he did not come; and these thoughtless young women all fell asleep. At midnight they were awaked; some one came to tell them, that the bridegroom was coming, and that they must go out to meet him.
At this moment they all discovered that their lights were going out. The foolish virgins had no oil for their lamps; they begged some of the wise virgins; they had none to spare; they wanted what they had for their own lamps, but they advised the foolish virgins to buy some oil.
The foolish virgins went out to buy oil, but they could find none. People do not sell in the night. They were gone so long upon their foolish errand that the bridegroom came, and the virgins who were prepared to receive him went into the house with him to the wedding.
The door was then shut fast, and when the foolish virgins returned, and knocked, the people in the house did not know their voices; for they said, "Open to us," but they were shut out.
This story was told to show that people who would avoid much inconvenience and mortificasion must provide for the future; that persons who would be happy and wise when they become old, must be industrious and improve their time when they are young; that those who would go to heaven when the night of
death comes, must be ready to die, by preparing for death, that is, obeying God in all he requires
them to do.
Parable.-A parable is sometimes called a comparison; it shows one thing, or circumstance, to resemble some other.
Virgins unmarried women.
Bridegroom-a man who is just going to be married, or who has lately been married.
Bride a woman who is just going to be married, or who has lately been married.
Marriage. When a man and woman agree to live together all their lives, and to be called Husband and Wife, their agreement is called marriage. The wife takes her husband's name, and goes to his house; and whatever belongs to one of them belongs to the other also.
When the man takes the woman for his wife, the ceremony of the occasion is 'called a wedding. At weddings, the friends of the couple to be married often assemble, and most commonly the company are very merry and happy together. The marriage ceremony is different, in different countries, and among people of different sects.
Provide to make ready for time to come.
Provident-to think of the future, to take care for it, is to be provident.
. Improvident-careless of the future. Which were provident, the wise or the foolish virgins ?-Which were improvident ? Procrastinate-to defer, to put off, or delay.
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So what led up to this? It’s a classic tale of everyday treachery and self-interest on all sides.
The Wars of the Roses started in 1455 and Henry VI asked James II of Scotland for assistance in exchange for which, Berwick and Northumberland would be theirs. James had been raiding across the border and threatened to take Berwick, but withdrew to attack Roxburgh in 1460, where a cannon exploded and killed him.
After the Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton in March, 1461, Henry VI and his wife Margaret of Anjou retreated to Berwick. Henry, it is thought, was afflicted by mental illness and it was Margaret who, in April 1461, negotiated with James II’s widow, Mary of Gueldres, over the gift of Berwick for Scottish assistance against the Yorkists. Mary, having gained Berwick, saw which way the wind was blowing and sided with the Yorkists. Henry had to leave his refuge in Berwick and was eventually captured and murdered in the Tower of London.
In 1474 a treaty was made between Edward IV and James III in which Cecilia of York was betrothed to the young Scottish Prince James. There was to be a 45 year truce between the nations.
The peace was broken six years later by the Earl of Angus and the Earl of Northumberland raiding across the border. The situation escalated and in 1481 Edward IV prepared for a major campaign against Scotland. He sent a large navy to blockade the Firth of Forth and James raised a large army to defend the border.
No sooner had he done this than he withdrew the army! He had received word from the Pope calling for peace between the nations and assumed that Edward had received and would obey similar entreaties. Edward had, but ignored them, and continued his harrying of the Scottish coast. Berwick was besieged throughout the winter of 1481–82.
Meanwhile, James’ brother Alexander, Duke of Albany, who had been suspected of treachery and had fled to France but now returned, prepared to make a deal with Edward.
It was agreed that, in exchange for Edward’s help in putting him on the Scottish throne, Albany would break the “auld alliance” with France and give Berwick and other border lands to England within a fortnight of arriving in Edinburgh and would pay homage to Edward.
In July, the Scottish army, led by James, was raised once more to counter the advance on Berwick of Richard and Albany. But the discontent towards James within Scotland was growing as the naval blockade was ruining the economy.
The English reached Berwick and took the town with ease but Lord Hailes held out at the castle. The English army split up; 4,000 men were left to maintain the siege while Gloucester marched on Edinburgh.
The Scottish army marching to relieve Berwick never reached further than Lauder. A conspiracy led by the Earl of Angus resulted in many of the Scottish nobility being hanged at Lauder Bridge. James was captured and held prisoner in Edinburgh Castle.
Gloucester and Albany took advantage of this and were encamped outside Edinburgh at the beginning of August. Richard reckoned there was no need to take the town by force as Albany would, when King, be a vassal to the Yorkist cause. They were to meet with government representatives who, it was thought, would hand over Edinburgh and the crown to Albany.
However, news of Albany’s treaty with Edward had already reached Edinburgh and support for the pretender had waned. Richard did not have a sufficient force to take the city by force and Albany got cold feet, not wanting to reveal his true intentions of kingship and so pretended he was there to claim land from which he had been disinherited. A compromise was reached on August 4 whereby Albany’s previous treason was pardoned and his lands restored.
It suited Albany not to have the stigma of giving Berwick to the English. Richard rejoined the siege of Berwick Castle on August 11. Albany made a pretence of leading an army to relieve Berwick but this only reached the Lammermuirs. The defenders of Berwick had held out well against the English but saw that they had been betrayed and the castle fell by August 24.
The campaign was dismissed as being a waste of time and money; King Edward was grieved at the “frivolous expenditure”.
In a final twist to the tale however, it has been suggested that Richard, being the excellent commander that he was, knew all along that it would not be possible to take Edinburgh by force. For him the main objective were the forays into the borders and the taking of Berwick to strengthen his hold on his northern dominions.
Of course, that wasn’t the end of the dispute over Berwick. The Scots attempted to take it back again but these amounted little more than raids. Richard III proclaimed himself king in 1483 but died at Bosworth on August 22, 1485.
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Yusif Basigi
Yusif Basigi (born 1 March 1972) is a Ghanaian professional football manager who currently coaches the Hasaacas Ladies F.C. and the Ghana women's national under-20 football team. He previously coached former Ghana Premier League team; Sekondi Hasaacas in 2016, Ghana women's national under-17 football team and Ghana women's national football team for 5 years from 2012 to 2017.
Early life and education
Yusif Basigi was born on 1 March 1972 in Daboya within the Savannah region of Ghana. He is a trained teacher and has a diploma in Education from the Bagabaga Teacher Training College. He also holds a bachelor's degree in Health, Physical Training and Recreation from the University of Education, Winneba.
He has since then been working as a Physical Education (PE) instructor rising to become the PE coordinator for the Shama District in the Western Region since 2008. In 2004 and 2005, he led the Western Region to win the second cycle regional girls soccer competition. He was awarded as the Western Region most outstanding coach and Western Region coach of the year in 2007 and 2013 respectively. His service and role in the development and promotion of girls' soccer in Western Region Schools Sports Federation, he was honoured by the Ghana Education Service.
Playing career
Basigi developed the interest for football at a tender age, but started playing professionally as a left-winger with Tamale Road Masters a former lower-tier side in Northern Region of Ghana. He moved abroad to play for RC Bobo Dioulasso in Burkina Faso and later returned Ghana to play for Police National in Takoradi.
Coaching career
In 2003, Basigi started taking his coaching badges during GFA president Ben Koufie's 5-year football development plan which involved development of coaches. He went through the ranks attending basic coaching training courses and seminars to earn his coaching licenses, CAF Licence ‘C’, ‘B’ and ‘A’. He has had coaching attachment ZFK Napredak Krusevac, Serbia and ATS Buntentor e.V. at Bremen, Germany. In May 2019, he went on a coaching internship program at the Pick Up Academy at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in England.
Sekondi Hasaacas
Basigi was a technical member of Sekondi Hasaacas. He was part of the team in 2013 when they gained promotion to the Ghana Premier League. He was also the head coach of Sekondi Hasaacas' second and youth team Malavands. In October 2013, he replaced Kobina Amissah as the head coach of the senior team. He led the team to a seventh-place finish at the end of both the 2013–14 and 2015 seasons. He stepped down in October 2016 after the team were relegated in the 2016 season to the Division One League. He has since then been serving as the technical director for the entire Sekondi Hasaacas brand doubling as the head coach of the female side, Hasaacas Ladies.
Hasaacas Ladies
In 2013, Basigi led Hasaacas Ladies to win the inaugural Ghana Women's Premier League title after winning the Southern Zone league and beating Fabulous Ladies by 2–1 in the championship final through a brace from Jennifer Cudjoe. The following year he led the team to win the Premier League again, beating Fabulous Ladies via a 5–3 penalty shootout in the final after the scores remained goalless in extra time. In December 2015, he led the team to their third consecutive league title this time around beating Northern Zone champions Ampem Darkoa Ladies by a lone goal courtesy Samira Suleman in the 66th minute. In the 2015–16 season, Hasaacas Ladies finished in Southern Zone in first place and qualified for the championship final against Ampem Darkoa Ladies. They however lost in the final by a lone goal scored by Grace Asantewaa via direct free kick, ending the Hasmals three year dominance.
Hasaacas's league form during the 2017 season was not as impressive as in the previous campaigns with the club finishing in fifth place in the Southern Zone league losing out on qualifying for the championship final for the first time in the league's history.
Ghana Women
Between 2011 and 2013, he served as the assistant coach of the Ghana women's national football team under Kuuku Dadzie. In 2013, Dadzie was sacked and he was appointed as the head coach of the team. Ghana qualified for the 2014 African Women's Championship in Namibia on 8 June 2014, with a 5–0 aggregate win over Ethiopia. After a loss to Algeria, a draw against South Africa and a win against Cameroon, Basigi's side finished the group stage in third place, on points with South Africa, with South Africa qualifying to the next stage due to a better goal difference. In March 2015, Ghana qualified for the 2015 African Games after defeating Zimbabwe by 4–3 aggregate score line in the final round of the qualifiers. Ghana once again finished on the same points with South Africa. The two teams were tied on points, head-to-head record, total goal difference and total goals scored, due to that lots were drawn to determine the who qualifies to the next stage, which Ghana won. Ghana went on to win against Ivory Coast in semi-finals via 15th-minute goal by Samira Suleman and reached the final of the Football at the African Games for the second consecutive time. In the final at Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville, a late 88th-minute goal from striker Portia Boakye saw Ghana win by 1–0 against Cameroon, serving as a revenge after losing to the Indomitable Lionesses in the 2011 edition and winning the title for the first time in Ghana's history.
Following their 2015 African Games victory, Basigi led Ghana to qualify for the 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations after beating Tunisia 6–1 on aggregate in the final qualifying round. Basigi felt that his side were one of the favorites to lift the trophy. At the competition, Ghana finished as runners-up of Group B which included West African counterparts Nigeria and Mali along with debutants Kenya. The team beat Kenya by 3–1 in their first group match, drew 1–1 against rivals Nigeria and won by 3–1 against Mali in their final group match to finish on 7 points, level with group winners Nigeria to qualify to the semi-finals.
In the semi-finals, Ghana lost to Cameroon by a lone-goal from Raissa Feudjio. Following a 1–0 victory over South Africa in the third place play-off via a 49th-minute header from defender Linda Eshun, Ghana ended the Africa Women Cup of Nations in third place, their first medal since finishing as runners-up in 2006. In May 2017, Basigi was replaced by Mas-Ud Didi Dramani after 5 years in charge.
Ghana Women U20
Basigi was assigned to the Ghana women's national under-20 football team in July 2017, ahead of the 2018 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament. He led Ghana to win all their matches to qualify for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup with Princella Adubea finishing the tournament as top goalscorer with 10 goals. During the competition, Ghana struggled to score after Adubea suffered an injury ahead of the competition and were eliminated from the group stages after they finished Group A in third place with three points only winning against New Zealand. The team had future senior players including Ernestina Abambila and Sandra Owusu-Ansah who was their captain. On 2 January 2020, the Ghana Football Association dissolved all technical teams of all the national team causing Basigi to lose his role as the head coach of the Black Princesses. However, after 12 days, on 14 January 2020, he was reappointed as the head coach of the team, returning to coach the side after serving as the manager for the team in 2017 to 2020 qualifying them and coaching them for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
In May 2021, he was appointed as the assistant coach of the Ghana national under-23 football team, assisting Paa Kwesi Fabin along with Godwin Attram.
On 14 December 2022, the Ghana FA announced the re-appointment of Yusif Basigi as the head coach of the Ghana Women's U20 national team to be assisted by Nana A. Adarkwa and Anita Wiredu-Minta.
Personal life
Basigi is married and has 3 children. In 2016, Basigi likened himself to former Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger because of his expertise to develop promising talents in Ghana just Wenger developed youngsters over the course of his coaching career. In a statement to SportsCrusader, a news outlet in Ghana he refereed himself as the Arsene Wenger of Ghana.
Manager
Hasaacas Ladies
Ghana Women U20
* Ghana Women's Premier League (GWPL): 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2020–21
* Ghana Women's Special Competition: 2019
* Ghana Women's FA Cup: 2021
* WAFU Zone B Tournament: 2021
* WAFU Zone B U20 Women's Cup: 2023
Ghana Women
* All-Africa Games: 2015
Individual
* Africa Women Cup of Nations third place: 2016
* SWAG Coach of the Year: 2015
* GWPL Coach of the Month: April 2021
* GWPL Coach of the Year: 2021
* Ghana Women's FA Cup Coach of the Year: 2021
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WIKI
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Page:Latin for beginners (1911).djvu/44
24 bonam are closely attached to the nouns puella and deam respectively, and are called attributive adjectives.
a. Pick out the attributive and the predicate adjectives in the following:
Do you think Latin is hard? Hard studies make strong brains. Lazy students dislike hard studies. We are not lazy.
56. DIALOGUE
* First learn the special vocabulary, p. 283.
* I. Quis, Galba, est Diāna?
* G. Diāna, Iūlia, est pulchra dea lūnae et silvārum.
* I. Cuius fīlia, Galba, est Diāna?
* G. Lātōnae fīlia, Iūlia, est Diāna.
* I. Quid Diāna portat?
* G. Sagittās Diāna portat.
* I. Cūr Diāna sagittās portat?
* G. Diāna sagittās portat, Iūlia, quod malās ferās silvae magnae necat.
* I. Amatne Lātōna fīliam?
* G. Amat, et fīlia Lātōnam amat.
* I. Quid fīlia tua parva portat?
* G. Corōnās pulchrās fīlia mea parva portat.
* I. Cui fīlia tua corōnās pulchrās dat?
* G. Diānae corōnās dat.
* I. Quis est cum fīliā tuā? Estne sōla?
* G. Sōla nōn est; fīlia mea parva est cum ancillā meā.
a. When a person is called or addressed, the case used is called the voc’ative (Latin vocāre, "to call"). In form the vocative is regularly like the nominative. In English the name of the person addressed usually stands first in the sentence. The Latin vocative rarely stands first. Point out five examples of the vocative in this dialogue.
b. Observe that questions answered by yes or no in English are answered in Latin by repeating the verb. Thus, if you wished to answer in Latin the question Is the sailor fighting? Pugnatne nauta? you would say Pugnat, he is fighting, or Nōn pugnat, he is not fighting.
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 107 Part 3.djvu/602
107 STAT. 2540 CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS—MAY 7, 1993 and equipment, as may be reqiiired for the event authorized to be conducted on the Capitol grounds under section 1. (b) ADDITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.—The Architect of the Capitol and the Capitol Police Board are authorized to make any such additional arrangements as may be required to carry out the event. Agreed to May 7, 1993. May 7, 1993 SPECIAL OLYMPICS TORCH RELAY—CAPITOL [H. Con. Res. 81] GROUNDS AUTHORIZATION Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF RUNNING OF SPECIAL OLYMPICS TORCH RELAY THROUGH CAPITOL GROUNDS. On May 27, 1993, or on such other date as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate may designate jointly, the 1993 Special Olympics Torch Relay may be nm through the Capitol Grounds, as part of the journey of the Special Oljonpics torch to the District of Columbia Special Olympics summer games at Gallaudet University in the District of Columbia. SEC. 2. RESPONSIBILITY OF CAPITOL POUCE BOARD. The Capitol Police Board shall take such action as may be necessary to carry out section 1. SEC. 3. CONDITIONS RELATING TO PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS. The Architect of the Capitol may prescribe conditions for physical preparations for the event authorized by section 1. Agreed to May 7, 1993. May 7, 1993 SOAP BOX DERBY RACES—CAPITOL GROUNDS [H. Con. Res. 82] AUTHORIZATION Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), • . ---'..W -.
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF SOAP BOX DERBY RACES ON CAP- ITOL GROUNDS. The Greater Washington Soap Box Derby Association (hereinafter in this resolution referred to as the "Association") shall be permitted to sponsor a public event, soap box derby races, on the Capitol grounds on July 17, 1993, or on such other date as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate may jointly designate.
�
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WIKI
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The Carthage Press
The Carthage Press was an American daily newspaper publisheded in Carthage, Missouri. It was owned by GateHouse Media until August 28, 2018. In September 2018, RH Media Group, a locally owned media company, announced they would be taking over publication of The Carthage Press with the first print issue in October. Publication of the print edition was abruptly shut down in January 2019. No announcements have been made about the paper's future.
The paper once billed itself as "Southwest Missouri's Oldest Daily Newspaper"; its daily predecessor The Evening Press began in 1885. Its roots as a weekly newspaper date to The People's Press, published in Carthage in 1872. Gatehouse Media announced on August 28, 2018 that the following day's issue would be its last. RH Media Group announced that it would be carrying on the 146-year-old newspaper tradition.
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WIKI
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Sofiia Nesterova
Sofiia Nesterova (Софія Нестерова; born 21 August 2003) is a retired Ukrainian pair skater. With her former partner, Artem Darenskyi, she is a two-time Ukrainian national senior champion. The pair has competed in the final segment at two World Junior Championships, finishing within the top eight at the 2019 edition.
Early years
Nesterova began learning to skate in 2006. In February 2017, she won the Ukrainian junior ladies' title ahead of Anastasia Arkhipova and Anastasia Hozhva. She was too young to compete as a junior internationally.
Before 2016, she also trained in pair skating with Denys Strekalin.
2017–2018 season
Nesterova became age-eligible for junior international events at the start of the season. Coached by Maryna Amirkhanova in Kyiv, she competed at two ISU Junior Grand Prix assignments, placing 8th in Minsk, Belarus, and then 12th in Egna, Italy.
Around November 2017, Nesterova teamed up with Artem Darenskyi to compete in pairs, coached by Lilia Batutina in Dnipro. Their training was limited due to a leg injury sustained by Nesterova but the pair decided to compete at the Ukrainian Championships in December.
Nesterova/Darenskyi's international debut came in early February 2018 at the Toruń Cup in Poland. They won bronze and obtained the minimum technical scores required to compete at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia. At the March event in Bulgaria, they qualified to the final segment and went on to finish 14th overall.
2018–2019 season
Nesterova/Darenskyi competed at two ISU Junior Grand Prix events in September, placing fifth in Linz, Austria, and eighth in Ostrava, Czech Republic. In December, they won their second senior national title. Ranked eighth in both segments, they finished eighth at the 2019 World Junior Championships in March in Zagreb, Croatia.
2019–2020 season
Nestrova/Darenski placed twelfth and tenth at their two JGP events. They were fifth at the Volvo Open Cup in November. In December, they were nineteenth at the 2019 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb. They placed third at Nationals. They were chosen to compete at the 2020 Youth Olympic Games. Their Junior Pairs result became disqualified, though they were part of the bronze-medalling winning team in the Team Event. They were disqualified at the 2020 European Championships.
On March 20, it was announced that Nestrova and Darenski were splitting up, as Nestrova had retired.
Competitive highlights
CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
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WIKI
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7
I have enabled Drupal's Aggregate and compress CSS files. What should I do in order to exclude certain css files from being aggregated and compressed? Thanks.
2
• 1
Could you mention what would be it good for? I'm curious.
– Scorchio
Jan 31, 2012 at 12:51
• I have a css file that changes per node and dont want it to be a part of the large css.
– karth
Jan 31, 2012 at 13:11
3 Answers 3
12
To stop a file being aggregated, you can add a flag to the drupal_add_css() command which loads the file. To do this, hunt where the CSS is added and add array('preprocess' => FALSE) after the style, e.g.
drupal_add_css('/fonts/fonts-min.css', array('preprocess' => FALSE));
Alternatively, external CSS are never compressed, so if you change the CSS to the absolute URL of the file it won't be compressed.
drupal_add_css('http://mysite/css/fonts-min.css');
If you want to change a CSS included from a .info file, it might be best to add it as an external file with _preprocess_html in template.php. This is well explained under 'Adding external stylesheets' on this page.
2
• hey, thanks, you are right, but isn't it supposed to be array('preprocess' => FALSE));? that's what the doc says.
– karth
Jan 31, 2012 at 11:10
• Oopse, correct, my bad. Copied it out of the defaults so I wouldn't get the spelling wrong :-/
– John C
Jan 31, 2012 at 11:51
1
I had this problem too, but instead of using drupal_add_css I attached my files to a page like this:
function module_preprocess_page(&$variables) {
$variables['some_element']['#attached'] = array(
'css' => array(
'path/to/css/style.css',
)
)
}
While digging in the attached core code I found that we can use John C's solution here too like this:
function module_preprocess_page(&$variables) {
$variables['some_element']['#attached'] = array(
'css' => array(
'path/to/css/style.css' => array(
'preprocess' => FALSE,
)
)
)
}
0
How I did this really dirty on Drupal 8 since it's still in dev and too much is changing now:
THEMENAME.theme file:
function THEMENAME_preprocess_html(&$variables) {
$variables['css_address'] = drupal_get_path('theme', 'themename') . '/cssfile.css';
}
And added something like this to head tag in html.html.twig template file:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ css_address }}">
There's going to be a better way soon.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Caligo telamonius
Caligo telamonius is a brush-footed butterfly (family Nymphalidae). The species was first described by Cajetan von Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1862. It is found in southern North America, Central America, and South America.
Subspecies
Two subspecies belong to the species Caligo telamonius:
* Caligo telamonius memnon
* Caligo telamonius menus
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WIKI
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Mathematical Physics
The Mass of the Electron-Neutrino Expressed by Known Physical Constants
Authors: Laszlo I. Orban
Many trials attempted to understand the neutrinos ever since Pauli theoretically concluded its existence from the conservation of energy calculations. The present paper demonstrates that commencing from two appropriately chosen measurement systems, the mass of the electron-neutrino can be calculated from the mass of the electron and the fine-structure constant. The mass of the neutrino can be determined by the theoretically derived expression (m_k=\alpha^3 m_e) (m_k is the mass of the neutrino, m_e is the mass of electron, alpha is the fine-structure constant).
Comments: 5 Pages.
Download: PDF
Submission history
[v1] 2012-08-16 15:43:12
Unique-IP document downloads: 161 times
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Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Publica
Hier finden Sie wissenschaftliche Publikationen aus den Fraunhofer-Instituten.
Simulation of armor perforation by long rod projectiles at normal incidence.
Simulation der Perforation einer Panzerung mit einem Stabprojektil bei senkrechtem Auftreffen
: Weber, K.; Mayseless, M.; Chazan, G.; Kivity, Y.; Hohler, V.; Stilp, A.J.
Proceedings of the 42nd Meeting of the Aeroballistic Range Association
1991
Aeroballistic Range Association (Meeting) <42, 1991, Adelaide>
English
Conference Paper
Fraunhofer EMI ()
Endballistik; KE-Penetrator; simulation; terminal ballistic
Abstract
This work presents an analysis of the penetration process of long rod projectiles into finite thickness targets. The study is based on detailed computations using a two-dimensional hydrocode, and comparison with results of laboratory experiments. The problem under consideration is the perforation of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plates by a 20 mm diameter tungsten projectile with a spherical nose and a length to diameter ratio of 6. Two plate thicknesses were tested: 40 mm and 70 mm. The projectile velocity was 1250 m/s. The computations were carried out with the PISCES 2DELK code, employing a second order numerical scheme, and a multimaterial Eulerian flow solver. The experiments were carried out at the ballistics laboratory of the Ernst Mach Institute. The numerical calculations were successful in simulating the main features of the perforation process, namely: crater diameter, projectile residual length and velocity, and debris cloud shape. To obtain a good agreement between experi ments and simulations, it was necessary to take into account the strain hardening of the RHA steel.
: http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/PX-33680.html
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Passwordless
FIDO2: the Ultimate Passwordless Authentication Standard
Explore FIDO2, a modern authentication standard that replaces traditional passwords with secure and user-friendly methods using public key cryptography and biometrics. Learn about its history, how it works, and its advantages and limitations as it revolutionizes online account access.
What Is FIDO2 Authentication?
FIDO2 is a modern authentication standard that aims to replace traditional username and password authentication methods with stronger, more secure methods that are easier to use. It stands for Fast Identity Online 2.0 and is a standard developed by the FIDO Alliance, an industry consortium focused on creating open standards for strong authentication.
FIDO2 authentication uses a combination of public key cryptography and biometrics to provide secure and easy-to-use authentication. This approach eliminates the need for the user to remember complex passwords and reduces the risk of account takeover through stolen passwords. Instead, FIDO2 relies on a user’s biometric data (such as fingerprints or facial recognition) or a hardware key (such as a USB token) to verify their identity.
Related content: Read our guide to two factor authentication
FIDO2 authentication is increasingly being adopted by companies and websites as a more secure and convenient way for users to access their accounts.
In this article:
Who Is Behind the FIDO Standard?
The FIDO Alliance is an industry consortium that was established in 2012 with the goal of creating open authentication standards that are secure, easy to use, and widely adopted. The Alliance’s members include some of the world’s leading technology companies, such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Intel.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a global community that develops open standards for the web. It was founded in 1994 and is led by web inventor Tim Berners-Lee. The W3C’s mission is to ensure the long-term growth and interoperability of the web.
The FIDO Alliance and the W3C collaborated to develop the FIDO2 authentication standard, which was released in 2018. The standard incorporates the W3C’s Web Authentication (WebAuthn) specification, which enables FIDO2-based authentication to be integrated with web browsers.
The collaboration between the FIDO Alliance and the W3C was crucial in creating a widely accepted and interoperable standard for strong authentication. By working together, they were able to create a standard that could be adopted across a wide range of devices, platforms, and services.
Related content: Read our guide to authentication vs authorization
Brief History of FIDO
With the rise of biometric technology, PayPal and other tech leaders began working on an industry standard for passwordless authentication using public key cryptography.
The FIDO Alliance was founded in July 2012 by six companies: PayPal, Lenovo, Validity Sensors, Nok Nok Labs, Agnitio, and Infineon. The founding members recognized the need for stronger authentication methods and wanted to create an open standard that would improve security and boost the user experience. The FIDO Alliance quickly started growing, attracting members from a range of industries, including technology, finance, and telecommunications:
• In 2014, Samsung and PayPal announced a collaboration to deploy FIDO authentication on Galaxy S5 devices. This was a significant milestone for the FIDO Alliance, as it demonstrated the potential of FIDO authentication on smart devices. Later that year, the FIDO Alliance completed version 1 of the FIDO protocol, which enabled passwordless authentication using biometrics or other user credentials.
• In 2017, the FIDO Alliance announced the Authenticator Certification Program, which provides a framework for testing and certifying FIDO-compliant authenticators. This program helps ensure that FIDO authentication solutions are interoperable and meet the Alliance’s security and usability standards.
• In April 2018, the FIDO Alliance launched FIDO2, a new standard that combines the FIDO U2F and FIDO UAF protocols. FIDO2 enables passwordless authentication using a wide range of methods, including biometrics and security keys. This new standard has gained significant adoption, with major technology companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Apple already supporting it.
• In December 2018, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) recognized the FIDO UAF and CTAP specifications as international standards. This recognition further validates the FIDO Alliance’s work in creating open, interoperable standards for strong authentication.
Over the years, many smart devices have adopted FIDO authentication, including smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices. This adoption has been driven by the FIDO Alliance’s focus on creating standards that are easy to use, secure, and interoperable. As more companies adopt FIDO authentication, it is becoming an increasingly important part of the broader shift towards stronger, more secure authentication methods.
Related content: Read our guide to token based authentication
FIDO vs. FIDO2
FIDO and FIDO2 are related but different authentication protocols developed by the FIDO Alliance.
FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) is the first set of open authentication standards that the Alliance developed. It includes two protocols: Universal Second Factor (U2F) and Universal Authentication Framework (UAF). U2F allows users to authenticate with a physical security key, such as a USB key, while UAF uses biometric data, such as fingerprints, to authenticate users.
FIDO2 is the next generation of FIDO protocols, and is designed to improve security and usability. It includes two new protocols: WebAuthn and CTAP (Client to Authenticator Protocol). WebAuthn allows web applications to interact with FIDO2 authentication devices, while CTAP allows other types of applications, such as mobile apps, to interact with FIDO2 authentication devices.
The main difference between FIDO and FIDO2 is the level of security and the range of applications that they support. FIDO provides a strong level of security with physical security keys and biometric data, but is limited to web-based applications. FIDO2, on the other hand, expands on the capabilities of FIDO by allowing other types of applications to interact with FIDO2 authentication devices, and by adding support for multiple authentication factors, including biometric data and PIN codes.
How Does FIDO2 Work?
FIDO2 Security Key
A FIDO2 security key is a type of hardware authentication device used for secure logins into online accounts and services. It’s a small, physical device that plugs into a USB port or uses a wireless interface, such as Bluetooth or NFC, to communicate with a device. It generates a public-private key pair, where the private key is securely stored on the device and the public key is shared with the online service or account.
FIDO2 User Registration Workflow
Registration in FIDO2 begins with the user initiating registration on a FIDO2-enabled service or application. The service or application generates a new key pair for the user, consisting of a public key and a private key. The private key is securely stored on the user’s device or security key, while the public key is sent back to the service.
The service then sends a challenge to the user’s device, which the device signs using the private key and returns the signed challenge to the service. The service verifies the signature using the public key, and if it is valid, associates the public key with the user’s account.
This process results in the user’s device being registered as a FIDO2 authenticator, allowing the user to authenticate without a password using biometrics or the security key.
FIDO2 Authentication Process
Subsequent authentication attempts involve a similar process to registration, where the user’s device signs a challenge presented by the service and sends the signed response back for verification. The authentication process requires the private key to work.
When logging into a FIDO2-enabled website, users can choose between the traditional sign-in option (username and password) or biometric authentication. The previously registered user’s device signs the challenge using the private key associated with the user’s account and returns the signed response to the service. The service verifies the signature using the previously registered public key, and if it is valid, grants the user access to their account.
FIDO2: Advantages and Limitations
FIDO2 offers several advantages over traditional authentication methods:
• Security: FIDO2 uses public-key cryptography and hardware-backed protection to provide strong authentication that is resistant to phishing, man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks, and other types of cyber threats.
• Privacy: FIDO2 is designed to protect user privacy by ensuring that user credentials are never shared or stored on servers. This significantly reduces the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access.
• Support: FIDO2 is supported by all major web browsers, including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari. This broad support makes it easy for developers to adopt and integrate FIDO2 into their applications.
• Convenience: FIDO2 offers a convenient and easy-to-use authentication experience, with no need to remember complex passwords or undergo time-consuming authentication processes. Users can authenticate with a simple gesture or tap on their device, improving user experience and productivity.
• Scalability: FIDO2 is designed to be scalable and interoperable across a range of devices and services, enabling organizations to deploy strong authentication solutions at scale without the need for additional infrastructure or costly upgrades.
However, FIDO2 does require an additional step in the authentication process, such as touching a fingerprint sensor or inserting a security key. It doesn’t allow users to rely on the device or browser automatically filling in credentials. Some users may find this additional step inconvenient, especially if they are used to traditional authentication methods.
While FIDO2 has gained wider adoption in recent years, it is not yet supported by all applications and services. This can limit its usefulness for some users and organizations, who may need to use alternative authentication methods for certain applications.
Authentication and Authorization with Frontegg
Frontegg is a self-served and multi-tenant user management platform for SaaS businesses that are looking to cover both authorization and authentication bases with one centralized solution without worrying about in-house coding and other maintenance requirements. Just manage your roles and permissions, create strong flows based on your use cases, and customize your Login Box, all via one centralized dashboard. It’s really that easy.
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List of The Wheel of Time characters
The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels by American author Robert Jordan, which began with The Eye of the World in 1990. Jordan wrote the first 11 novels of the series, and the prequel novel New Spring (2004), before his death in 2007. The final three novels—The Gathering Storm (2009), Towers of Midnight (2010), and A Memory of Light (2013)—were co-written by American author Brandon Sanderson. The series features 2787 distinct named characters.
The Wheel of Time follows the characters Rand al'Thor, Mat Cauthon, Perrin Aybara, Egwene al'Vere and Nynaeve al'Meara, teens from a remote village whose important destinies are recognized by Moiraine Damodred, a powerful member of the Aes Sedai. In this world, the pattern of human existence is determined and maintained by the cosmic Wheel of Time, which is rotated by a magical force called the One Power. Rand and his friends are among those, like the Aes Sedai, who possess the ability to channel, the term for accessing and wielding the One Power. As the series progresses, new characters join the ongoing struggle against the malevolent Dark One and his minions.
Since 2021, the novels have been adapted into an Amazon Prime Video series, The Wheel of Time.
Rand al'Thor
Introduced in The Eye of the World (1990), Rand al'Thor is a sheep herder whose remote village Emond's Field, in the Two Rivers, is attacked by a horde of monstrous Trollocs. Rand and his friends flee with Moiraine Damodred, an Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah who believes that one of them is the prophesied Dragon Reborn, the reincarnation of Lews Therin Telamon, a hero of the Age of Legends. The group is pursued by agents of a malevolent figure known as the Dark One, who seeks to seduce the Dragon to the Shadow, or destroy him. At the Eye of the World, Rand is exposed to a well of pure, uncorrupted saidin, the male half of the One Power. He finds himself able to channel it, and faces off against Aginor, one of the Dark One's most powerful servants, the Forsaken. Rand thus proves himself to be the Dragon Reborn, and is drawn into the millennia-long struggle against the forces of the Dark One.
The Amyrlin Seat Siuan Sanche, leader of the Aes Sedai, confirms Rand is the Dragon Reborn in The Great Hunt (1990), and Moiraine's Warder, Lan Mandragoran trains Rand in swordplay. During the hunt for the stolen Horn of Valere, Rand is transported to a distorted world where he meets the mysterious Selene, who helps him get back to the real world. Rand later defeats the High Lord Turak, leader of the Seanchan forces invading Falme, in single combat. In The Dragon Reborn (1991), Rand travels to the Stone of Tear and claims the crystal sword Callandor, a powerful sa'angreal, an artifact which amplifies the One Power. He learns that he is the son of Shaiel, an Aiel Maiden of the Spear, and Janduin, chief of the Taardad Aiel, in The Shadow Rising (1992). Selene reveals herself to be the Forsaken Lanfear, who was in love with Lews, and shares her plans to help him become all-powerful. In The Fires of Heaven (1993), however, the news that Rand has slept with the Aiel warrior Aviendha sends Lanfear into a murderous rage. She finally decides to kill Rand when he swears he will never love a woman sworn to the Shadow, but Moiraine intervenes. Rand's mother, Shaiel, is later revealed to be Tigraine Mantear, daughter of the then-Queen of Andor. In Lord of Chaos (1994), Rand founds the Asha'man, male counterparts to the Aes Sedai who are trained at the Black Tower, a converted farmhouse near Caemlyn. In A Crown of Swords (1996), Rand defeats the Forsaken Sammael and takes the crown of Illian.
In Towers of Midnight (2010), Rand conceives a controversial plan to shatter the remaining seals on the Dark One's prison in order to recreate a strong and uncorrupted one. Rand confronts the Dark One in A Memory of Light (2013), and they realize they must coexist because the Pattern requires them both. Logain Ablar breaks open the Dark One's prison, and Rand uses a unique weave of saidin, saidar and the Dark One's True Power combined, to first capture the Dark One, and then recreate his prison without flaw.
Rand is portrayed by Josha Stradowski in the Wheel of Time television adaptation.
Mat Cauthon
Matrim "Mat" Cauthon is a mischievous farm boy who, as a possible reincarnation of the Dragon, flees Emond's Field with Rand and his other friends in The Eye of the World. Chased by emissaries of the Dark One, the group takes shelter in the cursed city of Shadar Logoth, from which Mat takes a ruby dagger. The weapon, corrupted by the malevolent entity that has taken hold of the city, begins to taint Mat, debilitating his body and infusing him with hostility and paranoia. Mat joins the hunt for the stolen Horn of Valere in The Great Hunt, and eventually blows it to summon a group of legendary heroes from the dead to defeat the Seanchan forces invading Falme. Near death in The Dragon Reborn, Mat is freed from the taint of the dagger by the Aes Sedai at the White Tower in Tar Valon. In The Shadow Rising, the snakelike Aelfinn foretell that Mat will marry "the Daughter of the Nine Moons", and the foxlike Eelfinn grant him memories of his past lives before hanging him from the Tree of Life, leaving his neck forever scarred. He later founds the Band of the Red Hand, and leads as its Marshal General. Mat escapes from Seanchan-occupied city of Ebou Dar in Winter's Heart (2000), kidnapping the High Lady Tuon, heir to the Seanchan Crystal Throne, when he learns she is known as the Daughter of the Nine Moons. He courts her in Crossroads of Twilight (2003) and they marry in Knife of Dreams (2005), with Mat gaining the title "Prince of the Ravens".
Mat is portrayed by Barney Harris in season one of the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, and by Dònal Finn in season two.
Perrin Aybara
Perrin Aybara, a blacksmith and woodworker in Emond's Field, is also possibly the Dragon Reborn, and leaves the village with his friends and Moiraine Damodred in The Eye of the World. Perrin and Egwene al'Vere are separated from the group as they flee the cursed city of Shadar Logoth, and meet the tracker Elyas Machera. Elyas informs Perrin that he is, like Elyas, a : a man able to communicate telepathically with wolves. Possessing golden, wolf-like eyes, wolfbrothers have heightened senses, strength and speed, but tend toward aggressive, animalistic behavior in battle. They are also able to navigate Tel'aran'rhiod, the World of Dreams.
Perrin is portrayed by Marcus Rutherford in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Egwene al'Vere
Egwene al'Vere is the daughter of the mayor of Emond's Field, and romantically involved with Rand al'Thor in The Eye of the World. The Aes Sedai Moiraine Damodred recognizes in Egwene the "spark" of one who is able to channel the One Power, and Egwene joins the group fleeing the village to escape the Shadowspawn who are hunting the Dragon Reborn. She joins the White Tower of the Aes Sedai as a novice in The Great Hunt. She and Nynaeve al'Meara, her friend from Emond's Field and a fellow novice, hear news that Rand is in trouble in Falme. They sneak out of the White Tower, joined by novice Elayne Trakand and their friend Min Farshaw. In Falme, they are betrayed by Liandrin Guirale, an Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah, and handed over to the Seanchan High Lady Suroth to be enslaved. Nynaeve and Elayne escape, but Egwene is collared with an a'dam, a device used by the Seanchan to control channelers. A captive Min is helpless to intervene in Egwene's subsequent torture, but helps Nynaeve and Elayne rescue her.
Egwene is portrayed by Madeleine Madden in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Nynaeve al'Meara
In The Eye of the World, Nynaeve al'Meara is the Wisdom, or healer, of Emond's Field. In the aftermath of the Trolloc attack, she tracks her friends and joins them on their journey, learning along the way that she is able to channel the One Power as well. She and Egwene al'Vere become Aes Sedai novices in The Great Hunt, but are lured away to Falme by the treacherous Liandrin Guirale. Nynaeve and fellow novice Elayne Trakand escape capture by the Seanchan, and eventually manage to rescue a captive Egwene. One of the most powerful channelers of her time, Nynaeve's skill with healing leads her to join the Yellow Ajah of the Aes Sedai. She eventually discovers methods for healing those who have been severed from the One Power. She marries the Warder Lan Mandragoran, King of Malkier.
Nynaeve is portrayed by Zoë Robins in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Moiraine Damodred
In The Eye of the World, the arrival of Moiraine Damodred, an Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah, to the remote village of Emond's Field precedes an attack by Trollocs. Moiraine warns that the servants of the Dark One are, as she is, seeking one of three young men from the village: Rand al'Thor, Perrin Aybara and Mat Cauthon. She and her companion, the Warder Lan Mandragoran, lead the trio and some others away to safety, but face danger along the way to the Aes Sedai's White Tower in Tar Valon.
Moiraine is portrayed by Rosamund Pike in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Lan Mandragoran
al'Lan "Lan" Mandragoran is the Warder to Moiraine Damodred in The Eye of the World. They lead a trio of young men, one of whom Moiraine suspects is the prophesied Dragon Reborn, away from their small village with a horde of Trollocs, serving the Dark One, in pursuit. The greatest swordsman of the Third Age, Lan is also the King of Malkier by birth, though that country was lost to the Shadow when he was a child.
Lan is portrayed by Daniel Henney in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Elayne Trakand
Elayne Trakand is the daughter and heir of Morgase Trakand, Queen of Andor. In The Eye of the World, she meets Rand al'Thor in Caemlyn, the capital of Andor, when he falls off a wall into the palace garden. Elayne becomes a novice of the Aes Sedai in The Great Hunt, befriending Egwene al'Vere and Nynaeve al'Meara. They travel to Falme believing Rand needs their help, but it is a trap that ends with Egwene's capture and enslavement by the Seanchan High Lady Suroth. Elayne and Nynaeve manage to rescue her, with the help of Min Farshaw. A powerful channeler, Elayne becomes an Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah, and rediscovers the lost talent of creating ter'angreal, artifacts which amplify the One Power in specific ways.
Elayne is portrayed by Ceara Coveney in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Strangers and Friends".
Min Farshaw
Elmindreda "Min" Farshaw is a clairvoyant whom Rand meets in The Eye of the World. She has the unusual ability to see visions and auras around people that predict future events in some way, though they are often subject to interpretation. Aware of Min's talents, which are unconnected to the One Power, Moiraine summons her to the White Tower of the Aes Sedai in The Great Hunt, where she meets Egwene al'Vere, Nynaeve al'Meara and Elayne Trakand.
Min is portrayed by Kae Alexander in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "The Dark Along the Ways".
Aviendha
Aviendha is an Aiel Maiden of the Spear who first appears in The Dragon Reborn. She and her party meet Egwene al'Vere, Elayne Trakand and Nynaeve al'Meara on their way to the Stone of Tear to find Rand al'Thor. Later in the series she bonded Rand as her Warder after she, Elayne, and Min agreed to love Rand together and respect one another. In the last battle she defeats Hessalam (former known as Graendal) and is one of only four people, who are fully aware, that Rand al'Thor did not die during the last battle.
Aviendha is portrayed by Ayoola Smart in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Damane". In the series, Perrin Aybara frees her from a cage she has been placed in by the Whitecloaks, but she proves herself more than capable of defending herself when she singlehandedly defeats a group of them unarmed.
Thom Merrilin
Thomdril "Thom" Merrilin is a traveling gleeman and adventurer, and former bard to Queen Morgase of Andor. In The Eye of the World, he is in the remote village of Emond's Field when it is attacked by a horde of Trollocs. He joins a group of young villagers who flee under the guidance of the Aes Sedai Moiraine Damodred and her Warder, Lan Mandragoran. Thom is presumed killed when he helps Rand al'Thor and Mat Cauthon escape by fighting a Fade, or Myrddraal, the deadly, eyeless creatures who lead the pursuing Trollocs. Thom is proven to be alive after all when he is reunited with Rand in The Great Hunt, and he helps Mat foil a plot to assassinate Elayne Trakand in The Dragon Reborn.
Thom is portrayed by Alexandre Willaume in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "A Place of Safety".
Logain Ablar
Logain Ablar is a powerful male channeler who believes himself to be the Dragon Reborn, but is deemed a False Dragon by the Aes Sedai and gentled, or cut off from the One Power. He is later healed by Nynaeve al'Meara, and becomes a sworn ally to Rand al'Thor.
Logain is portrayed by Álvaro Morte in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "A Place of Safety".
Aginor
Aginor is one of the most devious of the Forsaken, powerful channelers who became servants of the Dark One during the Second Age, or the Age of Legends. He created the Dark One's army of Shadowspawn, including Myrddraal, Trollocs, Draghkar and gholam. Originally an amoral biologist, Aginor joined the Shadow so he could continue his forbidden genetic experiments. The Forsaken are ultimately imprisoned with the Dark One for millennia. Three thousand years later near the end of the Third Age, Aginor and the Forsaken Balthamel confront Rand and his companions in The Eye of the World. They have escaped their imprisonment, but the ordeal has left Aginor horribly disfigured, appearing impossibly ancient. He attempts to destroy Rand, but draws too much of the One Power and incinerates himself. Aginor is reincarnated as Osan'gar by the Dark One in Lord of Chaos.
Asmodean
Asmodean is one of the Forsaken, originally a composer and musician who joined the Shadow to achieve immortality and thereby gain the fame and recognition which had previously eluded him. As one of the Forsaken, he actively punished his former musical rivals by maiming and rendering them unable to practice their art. In The Shadow Rising, Asmodean is enlisted by the Forsaken Lanfear to train Rand al'Thor in the use of the One Power, if she can convince Rand to accept. Asmodean pursues his own agenda, attempting to gain control of one of two powerful sa'angreal called the Choedan Kal. Warned by Lanfear, Rand thwarts his plan, and manages to sever Asmodean's connection with the Dark One. Asmodean, shielded by Lanfear from using his full power, commits to training Rand. He accompanies Rand on his travels and trains him diligently in The Fires of Heaven, but is killed by an unknown assailant just as he has resigned himself to siding with Rand against the Dark One.
Balthamel
Balthamel is a former historian who became one of the Forsaken for the promise of immortality. He ran an extensive spy network for the Dark One, and oversaw camps of humans were used to feed the carnivorous Trollocs. Balthamel and the Forsaken Aginor confront Rand and his companions in The Eye of the World. They have escaped their imprisonment, but the ordeal has left Balthamel horribly disfigured, with rotting skin and no longer able to speak. He burns Someshta, the Green Man, nearly to death, but Someshta uses the last of his life force to consume Balthamel with fungi and invasive plant life. Balthamel is reincarnated as Aran'gar, in a female body, by the Dark One in Lord of Chaos.
Be'lal
Be'lal is one of the Forsaken, formerly a lawyer and close friend of Lews Therin Telamon who with him rediscovered the art of swordplay in battle. In The Dragon Reborn, Be'lal has escaped imprisonment and taken the identity High Lord Samon of Tear. He lures Rand al'Thor to the Stone of Tear, knowing that as the Dragon Reborn only Rand can retrieve the powerful sword Callandor. Rand claims it, and Be'lal battles him with his superior swordsmanship to take Callandor for himself. Moirane Damodred intervenes, destroying Be'lal with balefire.
Dain Bornhald
Dain Bornhald is a high-ranking officer of the Children of Light, and the son of Geofram Bornhald. He develops an obsession with Perrin after Geofram's death.
Dain is portrayed by Jay Duffy in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Damane".
Anvaere Damodred
Anvaere Damodred is a noblewoman in Cairhien and the sister of Moiraine Damodred. She is mentioned briefly in the prequel novel New Spring (2004).
An expanded version of the character is portrayed by Lindsay Duncan in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "What Might Be". Rand al'Thor and Selene infiltrate a society party, where Anvaere gives them some insider information about some of the other guests, and the queen of Cairhien herself. Moiraine appears on Anvaere's doorstep in "Daughter of the Night", having been away for many years, but is more focused on her need to find Rand in the city than with reconnecting with her sister. Though Moiraine is the elder sibling, thanks to the One Power she appears much younger than Anvaere, who is quick to remind Moiraine that she has weathered much adversity since last they met. And as the local spymaster, Anvaere is able to lead Moiraine to Rand in time for her to help him escape the Forsaken Lanfear. Moiraine and Rand take refuge with Anvaere and her son Barthanes Damodred in "Damane". A frank conversation with Anvaere prompts Moiraine to change plans and allow Rand to confront Lanfear, rather than keep running. In "Eyes Without Pity", Anvaere lashes out at Moiraine when she rebuffs Barthanes's earnest efforts to reconnect with his aunt. Later, Moiraine gives encouragement to Barthanes, who will soon be king thanks to his engagement to the queen of Cairhien. In "Daes Dae'mar", Anvaere eavesdrops on a private conversation between Barthanes and the Aes Sedai Liandrin Guirale, revealing they are secretly Darkfriends. Their master, the Forsaken Ishamael, wishes Barthanes to murder the troublesome Moiraine, and Anvaere herself if necessary to keep their secret. Barthanes acts on his instructions to kill Moiraine, but is deceived and finds himself locked in a cell by his disgusted mother. Though he protests that his allegiance to the Dark One has made their fortune, Anvaere has already reported his crime to the authorities and sealed his fate.
Barthanes Damodred
Barthanes Damodred is the High Seat of House Damodred and cousin to the former king of Carhien. In The Great Hunt, he invites Rand al'Thor to a party to gauge Rand's loyalties. Barthanes is secretly a Darkfriend, and passes a message from the duplicitous Padan Fain luring Rand to Falme. Barthanes is subsequently murdered by an agent of the Dark One.
A version of the character is portrayed by Will Tudor in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Damane". In the series, Barthanes is the nephew of Moiraine Damodred, the son of her sister Anvaere, and is engaged to be married to Galldrain, the queen of Cairhien. A visiting Moiraine, long absent from the family and distracted by her Aes Sedai business, initially rebuffs Barthanes's efforts to reconnect in "Eyes Without Pity", but later has kind words for him. In "Daes Dae'mar", Barthanes meets with the Aes Sedai Liandrin Guirale, revealing they are secretly Darkfriends. Their master Ishamael wants Barthanes to kill the troublesome Moiraine, and his mother if necessary to keep the secret, but they are overheard by Anvaere. Barthanes acts on his instructions to kill Moiraine, but is deceived and finds himself locked in a cell by his disgusted mother. Though he protests that his allegiance to the Dark One has made their fortune, Anvaere has already reported his crime to the authorities and sealed his fate.
Dark One
The Dark One is a malevolent entity who, though imprisoned for millennia since the Wheel of Time was forged, plots to destroy it and remake the universe in his image. He employs a network of minions, most seduced by promises of power and immortality, to serve him toward this goal. The most notable of these are the Forsaken, powerful channelers imprisoned with him in the Second Age who begin to escape and reenter the world at the end of the Third Age.
In the Wheel of Time television adaptation, the Dark One is depicted as a charred figure with flames in his mouth and eyes in the season one episode "Shadow's Waiting". He appears to Rand al'Thor, Mat Cauthon, Perrin Aybara and Egwene al'Vere in their dreams, proving that despite being imprisoned he is able to reach out into the world.
Demandred
Demandred is one of the most powerful of the Forsaken, having turned to the Shadow due to his jealousy of Lews Therin Telamon's superiority. He served as the Dark One's top military general during Age of Legends. In the series, Demandred and his scheming are spoken of repeatedly, though the character appears only briefly until the final novel, A Memory of Light. He leads the forces of the Shadow in the Last Battle. The Aes Sedai Warder Lan Mandragoran attacks Demandred, killing him in single combat by letting Demandred stab him, then decapitating the Forsaken while his blade is thus engaged.
Padan Fain
Padan Fain is a traveling merchant who comes to the remote village of Emond's Field in The Eye of the World, just as it is attacked by a horde of fearsome Trollocs. Several local residents, whom the Trollocs were seeking, flee with the Aes Sedai Moiraine Damodred. Fain is a Darkfriend, a servant of the Dark One given otherworldly powers by the Forsaken Ba'alzamon so he may track Rand al'Thor, Mat Cauthon and Perrin Aybara, one of whom is believed to be the prophesied Dragon Reborn. The Dark One who seeks to seduce the Dragon to the Shadow, or destroy him. Having led the Trollocs to the village but failing in his mission, Fain is forced to join in the continuing pursuit by the Fades, or Myrddraal, the deadly, eyeless creatures who command the Trollocs.
Fain sees a chance to escape the Myrddraal when Rand's group evades capture by entering the cursed city of, where the Fades and Trollocs will not go. Once known as, the city has been overtaken by a malevolent entity known as. The spirit, the former councilor of Aridhol who is now the avatar of Mashadar, lures Rand, Mat and Perrin to a cursed trove of treasure, from which Mat secretly takes a dagger. They leave the city, and the dagger begins to corrupt Mat's mind and body. Before Fain can follow, Mordeth recognizes in him a way to escape the city himself. But since the Dark One has touched and changed Fain's soul, Mordeth can only merge with Fain, not overtake him completely. Fain escapes Aes Sedai captivity in The Great Hunt, stealing both Mat's dagger and the powerful Horn of Valere in the process.
Fain is portrayed by Johann Myers in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
Graendal
Graendal is one of the Forsaken, a former psychologist obsessed with beauty and control. She is notable for her mastery of Compulsion, the use of the One Power to control other's minds. In the series, her plots with Sammael, Demandred and Aran'gar come to nothing, and she is punished with death for her failure to kill Perrin Aybara after being given the tools to do so by Moridin.
Liandrin Guirale
Liandrin Guirale is an Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah. In The Great Hunt, she lures Aes Sedai novices Egwene al'Vere, Nynaeve al'Meara and Elayne Trakand to Falme by telling them their friend Rand al'Thor is in trouble. Once there, they are betrayed by Liandrin, secretly a Darkfriend and member of the Black Ajah, and handed over to the Seanchan High Lady Suroth to be enslaved.
Liandrin is portrayed by Kate Fleetwood in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "A Place of Safety".
Ishamael
is the most powerful of the Forsaken, and the only man known to be equal in power to Lews Therin Telamon and his reincarnation, Rand al'Thor. Originally named Elan Morin Tedronai, he joined the Shadow because he calculated that it was inevitable the Dark One would eventually triumph. He was bound to the Dark One's prison but, unlike the other Forsaken, remained able to walk the world periodically. When Lews is driven mad and murders his own family, Ishamael visits him and heals his mind so he will realize what he has done. He is frustrated when Lews commits suicide, cheating Ishamael of the opportunity to punish him further. Over the millennia, Ishamael emerged to manipulate human events and stoke conflicts, laying the groundwork for the Dark One's rise. Using the name Ba'alzamon, Ishamael invades the dreams of Rand, Perrin Aybara and Mat Cauthon in The Eye of the World. Rand is finally confronted by Ba'alzamon, who he believes is the Dark One himself, and successfully rebuffs him by channeling the One Power for the first time. In The Great Hunt, Ishamael as Ba'alzamon presides over a clandestine meeting which includes Forsaken, various Darkfriends and two Aes Sedai. Rand battles Ba'alzamon at Falme, wounding the Forsaken grieviously by allowing himself to be stabbed first. Ba'alzamon attacks Rand again in The Dragon Reborn, but Rand kills him using the powerful crystal sword Callandor. Ishamael is later reincarnated by the Dark One as.
Ishamael is portrayed by Fares Fares in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "The Eye of the World", in which he is mistaken for the Dark One by Rand and Moiraine Damodred. Rand appears to neutralize him, but not before Ishamael is able to cut off Moiraine from the One Power. In season two, Ishamael masterminds the plot to seduce Rand to the Shadow, or destroy him. In "Daughter of the Night", he is revealed to have previously released the dangerous Forsaken Lanfear, who has already sought out Rand, the reincarnation of her ancient lover Lews. He employs the Aes Sedai Liandrin Guirale as his agent, and coerces Min Farshaw to lead Mat to Falme, where he is destined to kill Rand. Ishamael has also placed himself as a powerful advisor to the invading Seanchan, ingratiating himself to High Lord Turak, and outright controlling High Lady Suroth, who knows his true nature and fears him. In "What Was Meant to Be", Ishamael asks Rand to join him and the Shadow, or be killed. Rand refuses, and Ishamael uses illusion to deceive Mat into stabbing Rand with a cursed dagger. With help from his friends, Rand is able to rise up and slay Ishamael using a sword infused with the One Power.
Sean T. Collins of Vulture described the character as "Handsome, worldly, sophisticated ... and he's one of the most innovative big bads I've seen on genre television since the psychotically chipper Lalo Salamanca on Better Call Saul.
Lanfear
Lanfear is one of the most powerful of the Forsaken, and the most powerful female channeler among them. Originally known as Mierin Eronaile, she was in a romantic relationship with the Dragon, Lews Therin Telamon, but was eventually spurned by him for her unbridled ambition. She was imprisoned with the Dark One and the other Forsaken, but eventually escapes at the end of the Third Age and seeks out Rand al'Thor, the reincarnation of Lews.
Introduced in The Great Hunt as the mysterious Selene, she stages her rescue by Rand al'Thor, the reincarnation of Lews, from an attack by strange beasts called grolm in a distorted, alternate world. She then leads Rand and his party back to a Portal Stone that he uses to return to the real world. Lanfear is all powerful in Tel'aran'rhiod, the World of Dreams, and visits Rand and Mat Cauthon there as Selene in The Dragon Reborn. She is surprised to see Perrin Aybara in the dream realm, but as a wolfbrother he has power there as well, and eventually recognizes her as Lanfear. She impersonates Else Grinwell and appears to Egwene al'Vere, Nynaeve al'Meara and Elayne Trakand to manipulate their investigation into the Black Ajah. Lanfear appears to Rand as Selene in The Shadow Rising, and reveals her identity as one of the Forsaken.
Lanfear is portrayed by Natasha O'Keeffe in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Strangers and Friends". Initially posing as innkeeper Selene, Lanfear begins a romantic relationship with Rand, hoping to bind his loyalty and seduce him to the Shadow.
Loial
Loial is an Ogier who meets Rand al'Thor in Tar Valon in The Eye of the World, and becomes one of his most loyal and trusted friends. The Ogier are a hirsute, wide-featured and immensely tall and strong species of humanoid known for their proficiency in woodwork and masonry. Though physically intimidating, they are peaceful, intelligent and interested in historical and genealogical study. The Ogier also possess a unique ability called treesinging, whereby they stimulate the growth and healing of trees and plants by singing to them.
Loial is portrayed by Hammed Animashaun in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "Blood Calls Blood".
Elyas Machera
Elyas Machera is a tracker and wolfbrother, a man able to able to communicate telepathically with wolves. In The Eye of the World, he meets Perrin Aybara and Egwene al'Vere as they flee the cursed city of Shadar Logoth, and reveals to Perrin that he is also a wolfbrother.
Elyas is portrayed by Gary Beadle in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "A Taste of Solitude".
Verin Mathwin
Verin Mathwin is an Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah, introduced in The Great Hunt as part of the Amyrlin Seat Siuan Sanche's escort to Fal Dara.
Verin is portrayed by Meera Syal in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "A Taste of Solitude".
Mesaana
Mesaana is one of the Forsaken, known for her widespread attempts to indoctrinate children into serving the Dark One. In the Third Age, she infiltrates the Aes Sedai White Tower, manipulating internal conflicts and monitoring the Amyrlin Seat Elaida a'Roihan. Mesaana also controls Alviarin Freidhen of the White Ajah, who serves the Amyrlin as Keeper of the Chronicles and secretly leads the Black Ajah Supreme Council within the White Tower. In Towers of Midnight, Egwene al'Vere lures Mesaana out of hiding and into Tel'aran'rhiod, where Egwene is able to break Mesaana's mind.
Moghedien
Moghedien is one of the Forsaken, known as a master schemer. She secretly joined the Shadow and proceeded to run an extensive spy network for the Dark One from within Lews Therin Telamon's own ranks. Originally named Lillen Moiral, she took the name Moghedien, from a reclusive but extremely deadly spider from the Second Age. Her mastery of Tel'aran'rhiod, the World of Dreams, rivals Lanfear's. In The Shadow Rising, a disguised Moghedien monitors Liandrin Guirale and the Black Ajah in Tanchico, and then uses Compulsion to subtly interrogate Elayne Trakand and Nynaeve al'Meara, who are investigating the Black Ajah. Moghedien battles Nynaeve and, finding that they are equally matched, slips away. Moghedien punishes Liandrin for insubordination by cutting her off from the One Power in The Fires of Heaven. She has recognized Birgitte Silverbow as the reincarnation of her enemy Teadra from the Age of Legends, and vows to finally get her revenge. Moghedien traps and badly injures Nynaeve and Birgitte in Tel'aran'rhiod, but is injured herself. In a subsequent encounter, Nynaeve subdues an overconfident Moghedien with an a'dam. Nynaeve siphons Moghedien's powers to help Rand al'Thor defeat the Forsaken Rahvin with balefire. Nynaeve and Elayne secretly keep Moghedien as their prisoner in Lord of Chaos. Though they should hand her over to the Aes Sedai for trial and execution, they believe the valuable knowledge they are getting from her about ancient weaves is worth the delay. Aran'gar, the reincarnation of Balthamel, later frees her.
Moghedien is portrayed by Laia Costa in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "What Was Meant to Be". After Ishamael's defeat by Rand al'Thor, Lanfear plans to be rid of the other Forsaken by dropping the Seals they are bound to into the ocean. Lanfear is shocked to come face to face with Moghedien, who reveals that Ishamael has anticipated her betrayal, and freed her and the remaining Forsaken.
Alanna Mosvani
Alanna Mosvani is an Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah, introduced in The Great Hunt as part of the Amyrlin Seat Siuan Sanche's escort to Fal Dara.
Alanna is portrayed by Priyanka Bose in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "A Place of Safety".
Kerene Nagashi
Kerene Nagashi is an Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah who appears in the prequel novel New Spring, in which she is killed searching for the Dragon Reborn before the events of The Eye of the World.
Kerene is portrayed by Clare Perkins in season one of the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "A Place of Safety".
Tuon Athaem Kore Paendrag
Tuon Athaem Kore Paendrag,, is Daughter of the Nine Moons and heir to the Seanchan Crystal Throne. In Winter's Heart, she is caught up in Mat Cauthon's escape from the city of Ebou Dar. Mat takes the opportunity to abduct her, as the Aelfinn seers have foretold that he will marry her. He courts her in Crossroads of Twilight, and they marry in Knife of Dreams. Tuon learns of the assassination of her mother, Seanchen Empress Radhanan Paendrag, and returns to Ebou Dar and enslaves the treacherous High Lady Suroth, who plotted Tuon's murder to secure the throne for herself. Tuon declares herself Empress Fortuona of the Seanchan.
Rahvin
Rahvin is one of the Forsaken, who takes up the alias Lord Gaebril in Andor. In The Dragon Reborn, he has succeeded Elaida a'Roihan as chief advisor to Queen Morgase Trakand. Mat Cauthon overhears him plotting to assassinate Morgase's daughter and heir, Elayne Trakand, and Mat's friends, Egwene al'Vere and Nynaeve al'Meara. Unable to tell Morgase, Mat decides to thwart the attempt himself. In The Fires of Heaven, Rahvin is Morgase's consort, and uses Compulsion to manipulate her and rule Andor through her. Kept in a confused and oblivious state by Rahvin, Morgase eventually learns that he has alienated her allies and surrounded himself with people loyal to him, and she escapes Caemlyn. She is later rumored to be dead, prompting Rand al'Thor to seek revenge. Rahvin lures Rand and his friends into a trap, and kills Mat, the Aiel Maiden of the Spear Aviendha and the Forsaken Asmodean with lightning. An enraged Rand confronts Rahvin directly. They are evenly matched, and their battle takes them into the World of Dreams. Having subdued the Forsaken Moghedien with an a'dam, Nynaeve siphons Moghedien's powers to attack Rahvin, giving Rand a chance to destroy Rahvin with balefire. The deaths of Mat, Aviendha and Asmodean are subsequently undone.
Sammael
Sammael is one of the Forsaken, a top military general in the Age of Legends who turned to the Shadow out of bitterness after Lews Therin Telamon was given supreme command of the forces of the Light. In The Dragon Reborn, Rand and his allies learn that Sammael rules Illian as Lord Brend. In The Shadow Rising, Sammael sends a force of Fades and Trollocs to attack Rand at the Stone of Tear, but the Forsaken Semirhage sends her own Shadowspawn to oppose Sammael's. Rand uses the crystal sword Callandor to destroy both forces with lightning. In A Crown of Swords, Rand battles Sammael in the cursed city of Shadar Logoth, where the Forsaken is destroyed by the malevolent entity Mashadar.
Siuan Sanche
Siuan Sanche is the Amyrlin Seat, the leader of the Aes Sedai, and formerly a member of the Blue Ajah. She is deposed and stilled, but later healed by Nynaeve al'Meara. Siuan becomes an advisor and mentor to Egwene al'Vere when she rises to the Amyrlin Seat.
Siuan is portrayed by Sophie Okonedo in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "The Flame of Tar Valon".
Semirhage
Semirhage is one of the Forsaken, a celebrated healer during the Age of Legends who also enjoyed inflicting sadistic torture. Given the choice of stopping this behavior or being severed from the One Power, she chose instead to join the Shadow. In the series, Rand al'Thor loses a hand to a fireball from Semirhage, who at one point manages to subdue him with a male a'dam. Rand eventually kills her with balefire.
Leane Sharif
Leane Sharif is an Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah, and later the Green Ajah, who serves as Keeper of the Chronicles under the Amyrlin Seat Siuan Sanche. She is deposed and stilled, but later healed by Nynaeve al'Meara.
Leane is portrayed by Jennifer Cheon Garcia in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "The Flame of Tar Valon".
High Lady Suroth
, High Lady Suroth, is a Seanchan noblewoman and Darkfriend to whom Liandrin Guirale delivers the Aes Sedai novices Elayne Trakand, Egwene al'Vere, and Nynaeve al'Meara to be collared and trained as damane in The Great Hunt. After the assassination of Seanchan Empress Radhanan Paendrag, Suroth plots the murder of her daughter, Tuon Athaem Kore Paendrag, to secure the throne for herself in Knife of Dreams. Tuon escapes death and instead enslaves the treacherous Suroth before declaring herself Empress Fortuona of the Seanchan.
High Lady Suroth is portrayed by Karima McAdams in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Strangers and Friends".
Lews Therin Telamon
In the backstory of the series, Lews Therin Telamon is a hero of the Age of Legends known as the Dragon, the most powerful channeler of his time. As the leader of the Aes Sedai, which at that time was made up of both men and women, Lews conceived a risky plan to reseal the prison of the Dark One, whose influence had begun to seep out into the world. Lews and a host of 99 male channelers were successful, but at the moment of victory, the Dark One was able to taint saidin, the male half of the One Power, driving male channelers insane. Lews killed his friends and family, and then himself. Other male channelers devastated the world with earthquakes and tidal waves, an event called the Breaking of the World, before destroying themselves. The female Aes Sedai guided humanity out of this dark time, living in the shadow of a prophecy that the Dark One would break free from his prison and the Dragon would be reborn to fight him once more.
Three thousand years later in The Eye of the World, the Aes Sedai learn that the Dragon has been reborn, and investigate various candidates. But the Forsaken, the newly-freed servants of the Dark One, are also looking for the Dragon Reborn. He is revealed to be Rand al'Thor, and the Aes Sedai and the Forsaken each scheme to enlist him to their side of the coming conflict with the Dark One.
Telamon is portrayed by Alexander Karim in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, appearing via flashback in the season one finale "The Eye of the World" (2021), and the season two finale "What Was Meant to Be" (2023).
High Lord Turak
, High Lord Turak, is a Seanchan nobleman and royal commander of the Hailene, the Seanchan force sent to the Westlands to explore and ultimately conquer it. He is defeated in personal combat by Rand al'Thor as the Seanchan forces invade Falme.
Turak is portrayed by Daniel Francis in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Damane".
Eamon Valda
Eamon Valda is the Lord Captain Commander of the Children of the Light, and a blademaster. He schemes to have his predecessor, Pedron Niall, assassinated so that he may ascend to Lord Captain Commander. Valda next forces Queen Morgase of Andor to submit to his authority in writing, and then rapes her. Galad Damodred, Valda's former subordinate and Morgase's adopted son, challenges Valda and kills him in single combat.
Valda is portrayed by Abdul Salis in the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2021 episode "Shadow's Waiting".
Other
A
* Jonan Adley: Early recruit of the Black Tower. Killed when Rand al'Thor lost control of Callandor in Altara.
* Dermid Ajala: Blacksmith of Tear
* Lelaine Akashi: Aes Sedai, Sitter, and First Selector of the Blue Ajah.
* Nalesean Aldiaya: Deceased commander of the Band of the Red Hand.
* : Former Seanchan damane. Most powerful female channeler alive.
* Katerine Alruddin: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Red Ajah. Killed in Tel'aran'rhiod by Egwene al'Vere.
* Doesine Alwain: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah. She was part of the group of Aes Sedai using the Oath Rod to reveal sisters of the Black Ajah in the White Tower. She was killed in the Last Battle.
* Guaire Amalasan: A previous False Dragon who conquered nearly half of the Westlands in the War of the Second Dragon. Defeated by Artur Hawkwing, and gentled by the White Tower.
* Merana Ambrey: Aes Sedai of the Grey Ajah.
* : Aiel Wise One. One of Aviendha's and Egwene's primary mentors.
* Setalle Anan: Former Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah who was burned out and becomes an innkeeper in Ebou Dar.
* Sashalle Anderly: Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah stilled by Rand and Healed by Damer Flinn.
* Estean Andiama: Lieutenant-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he commands the cavalry of the Murandy contingent, particularly three banners of horse.
* Rianna Andomeran: Black Ajah sister formerly of the White Ajah. Held prisoner in a stedding.
* Anlee: Aes Sedai and former Sitter of the Blue Ajah.
* Aram: A young Tuatha'an (tinker) who joined with Perrin after renouncing the Way of the Leaf after seeing others tinkers killed by Trollocs. Eventually he tried to kill Perrin, after being corrupted by Masema into believing Perrin was shadowspawn.
* Naean Arawn: Andoran noblewoman. Attempts to claim the Lion Throne following Morgase's disappearance, but is arrested and imprisoned by Dyelin. Later freed by Arymilla and forced to support her claim to the throne. Taken prisoner by Elayne after Arymilla's attack on Caemlyn is foiled, and stripped of all lands and titles. Later offered new lands in Cairhien by Elayne.
* Lyrelle Arienwin: Aes Sedai and Sitter of the Blue Ajah.
* Saerin Asnobar: Aes Sedai and Sitter of the Brown Ajah. She was part of the group of Aes Sedai using the Oath Rod to reveal sisters of the Black Ajah in the White Tower.
* Rhadam Asunawa: High Inquisitor, leader of the Hand of the Light (an organisation within the Children of the Light). His fanaticism ultimately proved too much even for the other Children, and he was executed to make way for Galad to become Lord Captain Commander.
* Edesina Azzedin: Aes Sedai sister of the Yellow Ajah and former damane.
B
* : Aiel Maiden of the Spear. First-Sister to Chiad.
* Bair: Wise One of the Haido sept of the Shaarad Aiel. Cannot channel, but is an experienced dreamwalker.
* Sebban Balwer: Secretary and spymaster to Perrin Aybara, former spymaster for Pedron Niall of the Children of the Light.
* Teslyn Baradon: Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah. Briefly damane.
* Narenwin Barda: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah.
* Duhara Basaheen: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Red Ajah. Killed by Aviendha.
* Davram Bashere: One of the five 'Great Captains'. Born in Saldaea. Commanded the Army of the Light in Caemlyn in the Last Battle, where he died.
* Zarine (Faile) Bashere: Daughter of Davram Bashere. Wife of Perrin Aybara. Cousin to the queen of Saldaea.
* : Aes Sedai and Captain-General of the Green Ajah.
* Sheriam Bayanar: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Blue Ajah. Once the Mistress of Novices, then Egwene's Keeper of the Chronicles until discovered and purged.
* Myrelle Berengari: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah and Captain-General for the rebels.
* Falion Bhoda: Black Ajah sister formerly of the White Ajah. Killed by Aviendha.
* Nesune Bihara: Aes Sedai sister of the Brown Ajah.
* Jesse Bilal: Aes Sedai and First Chair of the Brown Ajah.
* : A Lord Captain of the Children of Light. He captures Egwene and Perrin, and is ultimately killed by Seanchan at Falme. Geofram is portrayed by Stuart Graham in the Wheel of Time television adaptation.
* Erian Boroleos: Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah.
* Silviana Brehon: Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah. Former Mistress of Novices and Keeper of the Chronicles to Egwene.
* Gareth Bryne: One of the five 'Great Captains'. Originally from Andor. Suspected paramour of Queen Morgase. Warder to Siuan Sanche. Commanded the Army of the Light in Kandor in the Last Battle, in which he died.
* Joiya Byir: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Grey Ajah. Killed by Slayer.
C
* Jeaine Caide: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Green Ajah. Killed by Thom.
* Gaidal Cain: A Hero of the Horn, known as the lover and companion of Birgitte.
* Adine Canford: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah.
* Canin: Captain of the ship Darter
* Taril Canler: Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar.
* Anaiya Carel: Aes Sedai sister of the Blue Ajah. Killed by Aran'gar.
* Carlomin: A Tairen Lord. Banner-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he leads a banner of cavalry in Altara.
* Galina Casban: Black Ajah sister and former Highest of the Red Ajah. Now gai'shain of the Shaido.
* Romanda Cassin: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah. Sitter and First Weaver in the Tower. Died in the Last Battle.
* Merilille Ceandevin: Aes Sedai of the Grey Ajah.
* Noal Charin: Member of the Band of the Red Hand, also known as legendary traveler 'Jain Farstrider'. Hero of the Horn.
* Chiad: Aiel Maiden of the Spear. First-sister to Bain, love interest of Gaul.
* Rafela Cindal: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah.
* : Head Clerk of the Gray Ajah.
* : Member of The Kin, secretly the protectors of many angreal and ter'angreal, including the Bowl of the Winds, in A Crown of Swords.
* : The leader of the Shaido Aiel and false Car'a'carn. Killed by Mat Cauthon.
D
* Theodrin Dabei: Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah.
* Zerah Dacan: Aes Sedai of the White Ajah.
* Nisao Dachen: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah. Her Warder is Sarin Hoigan.
* Mistress Daelvin: Innkeeper of the Golden Stag in Maerone. (VI-138)
* Masema Dagar: Shienaran soldier. Considers himself Prophet of the Dragon. Killed by Faile.
* Caraline Damodred: Cousin of Moiraine Damodred, formerly rebel against Rand al'Thor. Wife of Darlin Sisnera
* : Half-brother of Elayne and Gawyn Trakand on his father's side, and as son of Tigraine Mantear, also Rand al'Thor's half-brother. Eventually Lord Captain Commander of the Children of the Light.
* Raolin Darksbane: A previous False Dragon, gentled by the White Tower.
* Corlan Dashiva: Guise of Aginor while in the Black Tower.
* Cetalia Delarme: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah. Former head of the eyes-and-ears for the Blue. Killed by the Black Ajah.
* Talmanes Delovinde: A Lord of Cairhien. He leads the Altara contingent of three banners supplemented by a large group of crossbowmen. Right-hand man of Mat in the Band of the Red Hand.
* Takima Deraighdin: Aes Sedai and Sitter for the Brown Ajah.
* : Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah. Killed by Graendal in the Battle near Shadar Logoth.
* : Recurring character; Captain of the ferryboat Spray. Taken as da'covale by the Seanchan and made so'jhin by Egeanin Sarna. Later released and wedded by Egeanin.
* Norine Dovarna: Aes Sedai of the White Ajah.
E
* Eadyth: Aes Sedai and former Sitter and First Selector of the Blue Ajah.
* Egeanin Tamarath: (formerly Egeanin Sarna before being promoted) is a Seanchan captain, promoted to one of the Blood. She has since been demoted and has been given the name Leilwin Shipless.
* Elswell: Aes Sedai of unknown Ajah.
* : A Seanchan sul'dam who takes command of an enslaved Egwene al'Vere.
* Chesmal Emry: Black Ajah formerly of the Yellow Ajah. Killed by Elayne Trakand.
* Enkazin: Asha'man. Friend of Saml al'Seen from the Two Rivers.
* Demira Eriff: Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah. She has one Warder, Stevan.
* Erith: Ogier, wife of Loial.
* Meidani Eschede: Aes Sedai of the Grey Ajah.
F
* Tarna Feir: Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah. Turned to the Shadow.
* Herid Fel: Historian and philosopher from Andor. Mentor to Min Farshaw. A professor in Rand's school in Cairhein. Rand consulted Herid on many esoteric topics. Killed by a gholam, presumably to silence him.
* Dagdara Finchey: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Yellow Ajah.
* Damer Flinn: One of the oldest Asha'man, the first to be tested for the ability. Bonded as a Warder to Corele Hovian. Best male Talent at healing, on par with Nynaeve.
* : Aes Sedai and Sitter of the Grey Ajah.
* Careane Fransi: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Green Ajah. Killed by Vandene Namelle.
* : Aes Sedai of the White Ajah and Keeper of the Chronicles under the Amyrlin Seat Elaida a'Roihan. She secretly leads the Black Ajah Supreme Council within the White Tower, but is herself controlled by the Forsaken Mesaana.
G
* : Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah, later enslaved by the Seanchan. Ryma is portrayed by Nyokabi Gethiaga in season two of the Wheel of Time television adaptation, first appearing in the 2023 episode "Damane".
* Gaebril: Alias of the Forsaken Rahvin.
* Gaul: Aiel Stone Dog. Companion of Perrin Aybara.
* Toveine Gazal: Aes Sedai and former Sitter of the Red Ajah. Bonded by Logain and Turned to the Shadow.
* Charl Gedwyn: Asha'man that was part of the plot to kill Rand al'Thor in Cairhien. Killed by Padan Fain/Mordeth.
* Marillin Gemalphin: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Brown Ajah.
* Androl Genhald: Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar. Extremely weak in the Power but with the Talent of making Gateways. Mutually bonded to Pevara Tazanovni.
* Basel Gill: The former innkeeper of The Queen's Blessing in Caemlyn and considers himself to be a good Queen's man.
* Jur Grady: One of the original Asha'man recruits. Accompanies Perrin Aybara.
* Ailhuin Guenna: Wise Woman of Tear, provided shelter for Nynaeve, Elayne and Egwene.
H
* Merise Haindehl: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah. Bonded the Asha'man Jahar Narishma as Warder.
* Shaidar Haran: Myrddraal. A principal agent of the Dark One.
* Morly Hardlin: One of the Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar.
* Faeldrin Harella: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah. Killed in the Last Battle.
* Jurah Haret: Innkeeper of The Star in Tear.
* Bera Harkin: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah.
* : Aes Sedai and Sitter for the Grey Ajah. She was part of the group of Aes Sedai using the Oath Rod to reveal sisters of the Black Ajah in the White Tower.
* : Full name Artur Paendrag Tanreall, general and emperor who conquered most of the story's world a thousand years before the Last Battle; similar to Genghis Khan and implied to be the source of the legends of King Arthur.
* Seaine Herimon: Aes Sedai and Sitter of the White Ajah. She was part of the group of Aes Sedai using the Oath Rod to reveal sisters of the Black Ajah in the White Tower.
* Eben Hopwil: Asha'man bonded by Daigian Moseneillin. Killed by Aran'gar as he attempts to shield his Aes Sedai from the Forsaken's attack.
* Corele Hovian: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah. She bonded Asha'man Damer Flinn.
* Hurin: A 'thief-taker' in service of the King of Shienar. Has the gift of "smelling" violence. Accompanied Rand al'Thor in the world of the Portal Stones. Killed in the Last Battle.
* Hopper: Perrin Aybara's deceased wolf friend and mentor.
I
* Rodel Ituralde: One of the five 'Great Captains'. Fought the Seanchan in Arad Doman until being brought to the Saldaean front by the Dragon Reborn. Commanded the Army of the Light in Shayol Ghul during the Last Battle. Almost certainly Arad Doman's new monarch after the Last Battle.
J
* Agelmar Jagad: One of the five 'Great Captains', Shienaran, leads the Borderlander Army of the Light at Tarwin's Gap during the Last Battle.
* Eldrith Jhondar: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Brown Ajah. Killed by Doilin Mellar/Daved Hanlon.
* : Former Clan Chief of the Tardaad Aiel and biological father of Rand al'Thor. Killed by Slayer in the Blight.
K
* Welyn Kajima: Asha'man.
* Furyk Karede: Seanchan Banner-General of the Deathwatch Guard who leads the search for the High Lady Tuon in Crossroads of Twilight.
* Moria Karentanis: Aes Sedai and Sitter of the Blue Ajah. Also Black Ajah. Purged.
* Alliandre Maritha Kigarin: Queen of Ghealdan.
* Temaile Kinderode: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Gray Ajah. Killed by Doilin Mellar/Daved Hanlon.
* Tylee Kirgan: A general in the Seanchan army.
* Raefar Kisman: Asha'man that was part of the plot to kill Rand al'Thor in Cairhien.
* Mezar Kurin: Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar.
L
* Annoura Larisen: Aes Sedai of the Grey Ajah, advisor and companion to Berelain, First of Mayene. Burned out rescuing Galad from his battle with Demandred.
* Atuan Larisett: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Yellow Ajah.
* : Former Panarch of Tarabon. Love interest of Juilin Sandar.
* Haral Luhhan: Blacksmith of Emond's Field.
M
* , the "Black Wind"; a malevolent force occupying the Ogier's "Ways" between Waygates which steals the souls of those who touch it.
* Maigan: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah.
* Arel Malevin: Asha'man.
* Madresin Mandevwin: A Cairhienin. Banner-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he commands the crossbowmen temporarily attached to the Altaran cavalry contingent.
* Karldin Manfor: Asha'man. Bonded as Warder by Beldeine Nyram of Green Ajah. Killed by Sharans in the Last Battle.
* : Daughter of Modrellein Mantear, Queen of Andor. Tigraine married Taringail Damodred and had a son, Galad Damodred. Following a prophecy from the Aes Sedai Gitara Moroso, she joins the Aiel as a Maiden of the Spear, taking the name "Shaiel'. She falls in love with Janduin, chief of the Taardad Aiel, but dies during the Aiel War after giving birth to their son, Rand al'Thor, on the slopes of Dragonmount. Tigraine is portrayed by Magdalena Sittova in the Wheel of Time television series adaptation.
* Beonin Marinye: Aes Sedai of the Grey Ajah.
* Arymilla Marne: Andoran noblewoman. Put forward a claim to the Lion Throne following Morgase's disappearance. Attempted to conquer Caemlyn from Elayne, but was defeated and stripped of all lands and titles. Later offered new lands in Cairhien by Elayne.
* Joline Maza: Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah.
* Cabriana Mecandes: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah. Tortured and killed by Semirhage.
* : Legendary Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah. Amyrlin Seat after the Last Battle.
* : Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah who ruled as the Amyrlin Seat during the tie of Artur Hawkwing.
* Talene Minly: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Green Ajah.
* Atal Mishraile: Asha'man loyal to Mazrim Taim.
* Beslan Mitsobar: Heir to the throne of Altara, and later King. Friend to Mat Cauthon.
* Tylin Quintara Mitsobar: Former Queen of Altara. Mother to Beslan. Kept Mat Cauthon as her paramour. Killed by a gholam.
* Miyasi: Black Ajah sister formerly of the White Ajah.
* Ilyena Moerelle: Wife of Lews Therin Telamon and slain by him.
* Luthair Paendrag Mondwin: Son of Artur Hawkwing, who sailed across the Aryth Ocean and claimed the lands of Seanchan for his father's empire.
* : Aes Sedai advisor to Queen Mordrellen Mantear of Andor, and Keeper of the Chronicles to Tamra Ospenya. Dies from the strain of foretelling the rebirth of the Dragon.
* Fedwin Morr: One of the first Asha'man. Killed by Rand al'Thor as a mercy once Morr falls victim to the taint on saidin.
* Morvrin Thakanos: Aes Sedai sister of the Brown Ajah.
* Delana Mosalaine: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Grey Ajah. Balefired by Rand in the assault on Graendal's lair.
* Daigian Moseneillin: Aes Sedai of the White Ajah. Killed by Shaidar Haran.
N
* Kiruna Nachiman: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah. Killed in the Last Battle.
* Malind Nachenin: Aes Sedai and former Sitter of the Green Ajah.
* Amico Nagoyin: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Yellow Ajah. Killed by Slayer.
* Aeldra Najaf: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah and Keeper of the Chronicles for Tamra Ospenya.
* Arlen Nalaam: Asha'man.
* Adeleas Namelle: Aes Sedai sister of the Brown Ajah. Sister to Vandene Namelle. Killed by Careane Fransi.
* Vandene Namelle: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah. Sister to Adeleas Namelle. Killed by Chesmal Emry.
* Jahar Narishma: Asha'man loyal to Rand al'Thor. Bonded as Warder by Merise Haindehl.
* Berylla Naron: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Blue Ajah.
* Fager Neald: Asha'man of soldier rank. Accompanies Perrin Aybara in his mission to find Masema.
* Corianin Nedeal: Aes Sedai, Dreamer
* Ferane Neheran: Aes Sedai, Sitter, and First Reasoner the White Ajah.
* Sarene Nemdahl: Aes Sedai of the White Ajah. She is more than beautiful and her warder's name is Vitalien. Compelled and used up by Hessalam during the Last Battle.
* Aludra Nendenhald: Aludra is an Illuminator originally from Tarabon. She created the Dragons and Dragon Eggs (Cannons and exploding cannonballs) with help from Mat Cauthon and Elayne Trakand.
* Varil Nensen: Asha'man.
* Pedron Niall: Former Lord Captain Commander of the Children of the Light. One of the five 'Great Captains'.
* : Veteran Shienaran warrior missing one eye, chosen to join the search for the Horn of Valere in The Great Hunt.
* Dafid Norley: One of the Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar.
* Beldeine Nyram: Aes Sedai sister of the Green Ajah. Killed by Sharans in the Last Battle.
O
* Olver: Orphan and companion/adoptee to the Band of the Red Hand. Becomes Hornblower of the Horn of Valere.
* Daerid Ondin: Lieutenant-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he commands five banners of foot soldiers in the Murandy group.
* Faolain Orande: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah.
* Tamra Ospenya: Former Amyrlin Seat raised from the Blue Ajah. Tortured and killed by the Black Ajah.
P
* : First (leading statesman) of Mayene. Romantically pursues Perrin Aybara aggressively until reaching an accommodation with his wife. Otherwise a cunning and intelligent politician and loyal ally to Perrin.
* : Seanchan Empress and mother of Tuon Athaem Kore Paendrag. Radhanan and her entire family, with the exception of her chosen heir Tuon, are murdered by Semirhage, one of the Forsaken, before the events of Knife of Dreams.
* Birlen Pena: Black Ajah sister.
* Algarin Pendaloan: Tairen Lord with potential to be an Asha'man. Part of Logain's faction in the Black Tower, under the name "Emarin".
* Elza Penfell: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Green Ajah. Balefired by Rand.
R
* Tsutama Rath: Aes Sedai and former Sitter for the Red Ajah. Current Highest.
* Merean Redhill: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Blue Ajah. Mistress of Novices under Tamra Ospenya. Killed in Kandor by Moiraine Damodred.
* Reimon: A Tairen Lord. Banner-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he leads a banner of horse also in Altara.
* Rhuarc: Aiel clan chief, husband to Amys and her first-sister. One of Rand's primary allies among the Aiel, and in general. Fell under Hessalam's Compulsion. Killed by Aviendha in the Last Battle.
* Manel Rochaid: Asha'man that was part of the plot to kill Rand al'Thor in Cairhien. Killed by Rand.
* : Aes Sedai of the Red Ajah. Former advisor to Queen Morgase Trakand and former Amyrlin Seat, having unseated Siuan Sanche. Sent Aes Sedai to kidnap the Dragon Reborn, a mission which resulted in several sisters being captured and forced to swear oaths of fealty to Rand al'Thor. Unwilling pawn to Black Ajah leader Alviarin most of her rule. Taken damane in a Seanchan raid against the White Tower.
* Robb Solter: Soldier in Perrin's army.
S
* Colavaere Saighan: Cairhienin noblewoman. Conspired with Elaida's Aes Sedai to have Rand captured and transported to the White Tower so she could become Queen of Cairhien. Removed from power and stripped of all titles by Rand once he returned to the Sun Palace after being rescued. Committed suicide by hanging.
* Donalo Sandomere: Asha'man in the Black Tower loyal to Logain Ablar.
* Karale Sanghir: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Grey Ajah.
* Juilin Sandar: Thief-catcher of Tear.
* Elenia Sarand: Andoran noblewoman. Attempts to claim the Lion Throne following Morgase's disappearance, but is arrested and imprisoned by Dyelin. Later freed by Arymilla and forced to support her claim to the throne. Taken prisoner by Elayne after Arymilla's attack on Caemlyn is foiled, and stripped of all lands and titles. Later offered new lands in Cairhien by Elayne.
* Saml al'Seen: Asha'man native to Emond's Field.
* Edorion Selorna: A Tairen Lord. Banner-General in the Band of the Red Hand, he leads a banner of horse in Altara under Talmanes.
* Selucia: Shadow and Voice to Empress of Seanchan. Briefly Tuon's/Fortuona's Truthspeaker.
* Ispan Shefar: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Blue Ajah. Killed by Careane Fransi.
* Ingtar Shinowa: Shienaran nobleman and soldier. Accompanies Rand on the hunt to reclaim the Horn of Valere, after it is stolen by Padan Fain in Fal Dara. Killed by the Seanchan in Falme.
* : Hero of the Horn. Warder to Elayne Trakand. Killed in the Last Battle.
* Betse Silvin: F. Serving-maid in the Golden Stag. Mat dances with her VI-144.
* Slayer: Being born from the merged souls of Isam Mandragoran, cousin of Lan Mandragoran, and Luc Mantear, maternal uncle of Rand Al'Thor. Hunter for the Shadow, master of Tel'aran'rhiod, enjoys killing wolves. Killed by Perrin Aybara after lengthy rivalry.
* Masuri Sokawa: Aes Sedai of the Brown Ajah. She has one Warder, Rovair Kirklin.
* , the Green Man: Last of the Nym, a race of human-shaped plant creatures. He is the guardian of the Eye of the World who dies killing the Forsaken Balthamel.
* Carlinya Sorevin: Aes Sedai of the White Ajah. Killed during the fight in Tel'aran'rhiod against Mesaana.
* Sorilea: Aiel Wise One. Very weak in the Power, but arguably the most influential of all the Wise Ones.
* Fera Sormen: Black Ajah sister formerly of the White Ajah.
* Kairen Stang: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah. Killed by Aran'gar.
* Mattin Stepaneos den Balgar: King of Illian. Kidnapped by the White Tower under Elaida.
* Yurian Stonebow: A previous False Dragon who could channel.
* Aeldene Stonebridge: Aes Sedai of the Blue Ajah.
* Sulin: Aiel Maiden of the Spear, companion of both Rand and Perrin.
T
* Dobraine Taborwin: Cairhienin nobleman. Assists in the rescue of Rand from Elaida's Aes Sedai at Dumai's Wells. Later appointed steward of Cairhien by Rand.
* : Asha'man, False Dragon, and new Forsaken. M'Hael of the Black Tower. He used his position to secretly turn Asha'man to the Shadow. Killed by Egwene al'Vere in the Last Battle.
* Martyn Tallanvor: Guardsman-lieutenant loyal to Queen Morgase.
* Samitsu Tamagowa: Aes Sedai of the Yellow Ajah. Her warder is named Roshan.
* : Aes Sedai and Sitter for the Red Ajah. Bonded to and Bonded by Androl Genhald. She was part of the group of Aes Sedai using the Oath Rod to reveal sisters of the Black Ajah in the White Tower.
* Therava: Shaido Aiel Wise One and master of former Black Ajah Aes Sedai Galina Casban.
* : Adoptive father of Rand al'Thor. Blademaster.
* Marris Thornhill: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Brown Ajah.
* Salita Toranes: Aes Sedai and former Sitter for the Yellow Ajah.
* Peral Torval: Asha'man part of the plot to kill Rand al'Thor in Cairhien. Killed by Padan Fain.
* Seonid Traighan: Aes Sedai of the Green Ajah.
* : Brother of Elayne and half-brother to Galad Damodred. Leader of the Younglings. Warder to Egwene al'Vere. Died fighting Demandred during the Last Battle.
* : Queen of Andor. Mother of Gawyn and Elayne.
* Nicola Treehill: Novice in training with the sisters in Salidar. Killed in Tel'aran'rhiod. Has the Talent of Foretelling.
V
* Chel Vanin: Former horse thief and poacher. The head scout for the Band of the Red Hand.
* Evin Vinchova: Asha'man in the Black Tower, Turned to the Shadow by Mazrim Taim. Tricked into (suicide) attacking his compatriots by Androl.
Y
* Yoeli: An officer in the Saldaean army.
Z
* Asne Zeramene: Black Ajah sister formerly of the Green Ajah. Killed by Sea Folk Windfinders.
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WIKI
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読者です 読者をやめる 読者になる 読者になる
MacにMySQLをソースからインストールする。
mac mysql
MacBook AirMySQLをインストールした時のメモ。
0. 準備
MySQLをソースからインストールするにはcmakeが必要になったようなので、portからインストールする。
結構時間がかかるので注意。
% sudo port -d sync
% port search cmake
cmake @2.8.3 (devel)
Cross-platform make
% sudo port install cmake
1. ダウンロード
Download MySQL Community Server
上記から、Source Code→Generic Linux (Architecture Independent), Compressed TAR Archive (mysql-5.5.9.tar.gz)をダンロードする。
2. インストール
# 解凍
% tar -xzvf mysql-5.5.9.tar.gz
% cd mysql-5.5.9
# インストール (/usr/local/mysql配下にインストールされる)
% cmake . -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
% sudo make
% sudo make test
% sudo make install
# 設定ファイルのコピー
% sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
% sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
# 文字コードの設定を追加
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
# DB構築スクリプトの実行
% sudo /usr/local/mysql/script/mysql_install_db --user=実行ユーザ名
3. 確認・設定
# PATHに/usr/local/mysql/binを追加する
% vi .zshrc
# 起動
% mysqld_safe --user=実行ユーザ名 &
# 接続
% mysql -u root
# 文字コード設定確認
mysql>status
# 停止
% mysqladmin -u root shutdown
# rootのパスワード変更
% mysqladmin -u root password
New password:
Confirm new password:
# パスワード変更後は、-pオプションをつけてコマンドを実行
以上でインストールは完了です。
[参考]
mysql/インストール
MySQL 5.5.8をソースからインストール。
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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absolutely continuous function
Also found in: Wikipedia.
absolutely continuous function
[¦ab·sə‚lüt·lē kən¦tin·yə·wəs ′fəŋk·shən]
(mathematics)
A function defined on a closed interval with the property that for any positive number ε there is another positive number η such that, for any finite set of nonoverlapping intervals, (a1, b1), (a2, b2), … , (an, bn), whose lengths have a sum less than η, the sum over the intervals of the absolute values of the differences in the values of the function at the ends of the intervals is less than ε.
References in periodicals archive ?
2 Let p [member of] [1, [infinity]) and let g : R [right arrow] C be a locally absolutely continuous function with g and g' belonging to [L.
It is easy to see that for any locally absolutely continuous function f: [a, b] [right arrow] R, we have the identity
respectively, and to seek sharp upper bounds for these distances in terms of different measure that can be associated with f, where f is restricted to particular classes of functions including functions of bounded variation, Lipschitzian, convex and absolutely continuous functions.
2) is an absolutely continuous function, which satisfies that equation on (0, [infinity]) almost everywhere and condition (1.
4) is defined as a locally absolutely continuous function x(t), with [?
for x [member of] [a, b] where f : [a, b] [right arrow] R is an absolutely continuous function on [a, b].
Let f and g : [a, b] [right arrow] R be absolutely continuous functions on [a, b].
The rate is best possible amongst absolutely continuous functions f on [-1, 1] whose derivative is bounded.
for all absolutely continuous functions f : R [right arrow] R for which f (0) = 0 and the right-hand side is finite.
loc] refers to the class of locally absolutely continuous functions.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Moody's Acquires Deloitte & Touche's ABS Suite Business - Quick Facts
(RTTNews) - Moody's Corp. (MCO) announced Wednesday that it has acquired ABS Suite software platform from Deloitte & Touche LLP. The terms of the transaction, funded with cash on hand, were not disclosed. The transaction will not have a material impact on Moody's 2019 financial results.
ABS Suite is a software platform used by issuers and trustees for the administration of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities programs.
ABS Suite complements Moody's Ki platform, the next-generation version of Moody's ABS System and strengthens Moody's Analytics' position as a leading provider of structured finance solutions.
ABS Suite is used to support a variety of securitized asset classes including credit cards, mortgages, auto loans and leases, mobile-device payment plans, and equipment-related assets.
The platform's global customer base includes five of the top eight credit card issuers, five of the top ten auto finance issuers, and many of the largest issuers of telecom and mortgage receivable securitizations.
The ABS Suite product and personnel will join Moody's Analytics' Structured Solutions business, which provides research, data and analytical tools to participants on all sides of the market for structured finance transactions.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Article
51 PLA2g7 mediates smooth muscle cell differentiation from stem cells.
Heart (British Cardiac Society) (Impact Factor: 5.01). 10/2011; 97(20):e7. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300920b.51
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT Rationale Phospholipase A2, group 7 (PLA2g7), the plasma isoform of a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases, also known as lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, is a circulating enzyme that catalyse hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of PAF and related pro-inflammatory phospholipids and thus attenuate their bioactivity. However, its involvement in stem cell differentiation has not been studied. Methodology and Results In the present study, we investigated PLA2g7 expression and smooth muscle cells (SMC) differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) cells. PLA2g7 was upregulated significantly in parallel with SMC differentiation genes following 4-14 days of cell differentiation, and colocalisation with SMC differentiation markers in the differentiated ES cells. Knockdown of PLA2g7 resulted in downregulation of smooth muscle specific markers including smooth muscle actin (SMA), SM22, calponin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), while enforced expression of PLA2g7 enhanced SMC differentiation and increased ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, free radical scavenger-N-(2-mercapto-propionyl)-glycine (NMPG) and flavoprotein inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-diphenylene iodonium (DPI), but not hydrogen peroxide inhibitor-catalase, retard PLA2g7-induced SMC differentiation gene expression. Importantly, enforced expression of PLA2g7 significantly increased the binding of SRF to SMC differentiation gene promoters resulting in SMC differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of Nrf3 resulted in increase of PLA2g7 production, while knockdown Nrf3 ablated the PLA2g7 gene expression and protein activity. Finally, we demonstrated that Nrf3 regulates PLA2g7 gene expression through direct binding to the promoter regions of PLA2g7 gene. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated for the first time that PLA2g7 has a crucial physiological role in SMC differentiation from stem cells, and the fine interactions between Nrf3 and PLA2g7 is essential for ROS balance and SMC differentiation from stem cells. Our data also provide the important insights into the molecular mechanisms of SMC differentiation and cardiovascular development.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Look and read. Choose the correct words and write them on the lines. There is one example.
You carry your things in this when you go to school or work. ...a bag...
1. This is a small town. There aren't a lot of houses in it.
2. You drink this hot in the morning.
3. This person helps people who aren't well.
4. This is the part of the body at the end of a person's legs.
5. A place for people to swim in.
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Paul is telling his friend Daisy about a film he saw at the cinema.
Daisy: Hi Paul, did you enjoy the cinema?
Paul: A. Yes, I have.
B. Yes, I did.
C. Yes, I do.
Daisy: Did you see the new film about lions in the jungle?
Daisy: What's the name of the film?
Daisy: Was the film exciting?
Daisy: Did you go with your friend Vicky?
Daisy: Did you go by bus?
Daisy: How often do you go to the cinema?
Read the story. Choose a correct word from the box next to numbers 1–5. There is one example.
Zoe and her sister, Clare, went to their grandparents for the ...weekend... When they got there, it was wet and . The girls were sad. 'I don't like rain,' said Clare. 'I can't play outside in the garden. It's so boring in the house!' When Grandpa came into the room, he smiled. 'I've got something for you girls.' Zoe jumped up. 'Where is it? I want to see!' she said. 'Downstairs. In the ,' Grandpa said. The girls ran down the stairs quickly and saw a big box. 'Oh, it's !' said Clare. When the girls looked in the box they shouted. 'Kittens!' said Zoe and picked up an orange one. The girls the kittens upstairs to show Grandpa. 'My friend's cat had babies,' he said. 'Grandma and I got two. You can play with them when you're here, but you must give them names first.' Zoe looked at Clare. 'Let's ask Grandma to help.' 'Good ,' said Clare.
Now choose the best name for the story.
Read the text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
Every city has a library and most small towns have ...one... . are lots of books in the library and you can take them out for one or two weeks. When you are in the library, you to talk quietly and you can't shout. Sometimes libraries have got CDs and films that you can listen and watch. It's naughty to eat in the library because it makes the books dirty, and people don't want food on them. You can find books about plants, computers, sharks, and trains. There are stories about football and stories about treasures on the beach. Libraries are great!
Look at the pictures and read the story. Write some words to complete the sentences about the story. You can use 1, 2 or 3 words.
Jane and Mr. Sam
Last week, Jane went for a drive with her parents. They put a big picnic in the car. Dad drove and Jane listened to music. They got to the forest and they went for a long walk. Jane saw a small pink house by a river.
"Whose house is that?" asked Jane. "I don't know," said Mum.
They stopped and ate their picnic. Then they sat under a tree and Jane listened to Mum who told her a story.
"There was a little girl called Jane who went for a walk in a forest and saw a nice bear called Mr. Sam..."
Jane was very tired. She closed her eyes and slept. She started to dream.
Jane and her parents went for a drive last ...week...
They took ...a big picnic... with them.
1. There was a next to a river in the forest.
2. They sat under a tree and Mum told Jane .
"Hello, Jane," said a nice big brown bear, "my name is Mr. Sam."
"I know," answered Jane. "My mum told me about you."
"Would you like to see my house?" asked Mr. Sam.
"Yes, please," said Jane. Mr. Sam showed Jane his small pink house, which was next to a river.
"What a great house!" said Jane.
They went inside and had some cakes and milk. Mr. Sam gave Jane his old scarf to wear because she was cold. It was purple and white.
"You can take my old scarf home, Jane," said Mr. Sam. "It's a present."
"Thank you," said Jane. "I love it."
3. Jane had a dream and talked to a bear who was called
4. Mr. Sam took Jane to see his house and ate cakes and drank .
5. Mr. Sam told Jane that she could take his home.
Then Jane woke up and said to her mother, "Where did Mr. Sam go?"
"Mr. Sam isn't here, Jane. He's only in a story."
Jane told her mum that she went to Mr. Sam's small house in the forest.
"It was a dream," said Mum. "Come on, let's go home."
Jane was sad because she liked Mr. Sam. Then she saw the purple and white scarf, which was round her neck. She looked at the forest again and saw the nice big brown bear behind a tree.
"Goodbye, Mr. Sam," Jane said very quietly. "Thank you again for the beautiful scarf."
Mr. Sam smiled at her and waved goodbye.
6. When Jane , she asked for Mr. Sam and her mum said he was only a bear in a story.
7. But Jane saw Mr. Sam and said goodbye to him.
Look and read and write.
What colour is the snake? red and black
The tiger is sleeping on the ground.
Complete the sentences.
1. The man is wearing grey .
2. There are two fish jumping down the little .
Answer the questions.
3. What color is the bird? =>
4. What are the monkeys doing? =>
Now write two sentences about the picture.
(Đây là câu hỏi yêu cầu viết tự do, TiengAnhK12 không thiết kế chỗ để bạn nhập vào câu trả lời và được chấm điểm tự động. Bạn hãy tự viết trên giấy)
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Evbogue.com
Alternate ssb networks (your own personal distributed social network)
By Ev Bogue - October 28th 2016
A few days ago Dominic implemented the ability to fire up alternate ssb networks with Scuttlebot. The original idea was to use this feature to create a 'testnet' that could be used to test replication load on the distributed network, but I got it into my head to try something else with it -- create alternative distributed social networks!
To create an alternate ssb network, all you need to do is add a line into your ~/.ssb/config that uses a different hash generated by crypto.randomBytes(32).toString('base64') to generate a string such as zjmEqnm2ApnztLY+1ksRkMX0VW3eCrbPpVrEZFEltvk=
It'll look this way:
"caps":"aOpWdwdjgK2ekIW8Vzu4Aiotc4GuvSqYUKBJDJvWuZM="}
If you look at the photo below, it will appear to be a normal instance of the Patchbay liteclient. However, there is one thing different: it's on a different network. I started calling it 'fuckaroundnet', but it could just as well be called anything you want.
fuckaroundnet
This opens up the cool possibility of creating distributed social networks for teams. While the main ssb network will always be available to join, you can also fire up your own social network for a few people to collaborate for short or long periods of time. This opens up the possibility of setting up distributed invite-only social networks for any type of organization you can imagine.
Distributed income →
← A quick guide to lite clienting from your pub
git
This is Decent: ?
ev@evbogue.com
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Fakhruddin Patwary
Fakhruddin Patwary (ফখরুদ্দিন পাটওয়ারী) A Poet, Writer, Human Activist, Naruralist and a Banker. Full Name : Mohammad Fakhruddin Ahammed Jewel Patwary He born in a muslim traditional family. He is a poet, He is poet of love,
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WIKI
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Web hosting explained to beginners
Web hosting explained to beginners
Introduction
Basically, web hosting is space and some services on a rather powerful computer called a server or web server that is connected to the internet. You can not have a website online without using any kind of web hosting.
Just because your computer or notebook is connected to the internet does not mean you can run your site from them. It requires some other hardware and software to host a website on the internet.
Companies that offer these internet connected servers that provide space and services are called hosting companies or hosting companies. Web hosting allows you to have your own website up, running and connected to the internet 24 7. No matter what your site is or what it contains, the host will keep it accessible to everyone on the internet.
The server
Think of a web server as a loaded desktop computer. One that can handle multiple users and perform multiple tasks at the same time. This server has both hardware and software designed from scratch to serve the internet. A hosting company can have hundreds, if not thousands of servers. All available for rent and connected to the internet.
Each of these servers has a name, these names are called nameservers. When you sign up for a hosting account, the webhotel will tell you which of their web servers your space will be located, that is, they will tell the nameservers. This is important because you will need to know this information later on the way.
How to use the values
In order for a website to be accessible on the Internet, it must be hosted on a web server. But you do not build or create your website on the server. This is done on your own PC or notebook.
There are various tools for creating and building websites, there are also good free tools available, but we will not review this. The thing to remember is that you build the site on your own computer and then move it to the web server for hosting so that it is available on the internet.
This move of your website file s from your computer to the web server is called upload. You upload your files to the Internet, that is, on your server.
There is no editing of the files on the web server. If you want to make changes to your website on the internet, you must make changes to the files on your computer and then upload the changed files to your web server. This creates a new version.
So now you wonder how to connect to your web server and upload the files to it? Good question, you are using a type of software called ftp software. This ftp software creates a connection between your computer and the web server at the host company.
This software displays files and folders on the server and also displays files and folders on your computer. This makes it easy to drag and drop files from your computer to the web server.
Domain Name
Now that we talk about web hosting, we must also mention domains. A domain is a name you buy from a domain registrar. That is, a company that sells domain names, and make sure they are all unique. It would not be a good idea to have multiple sites with the same name. We will not talk about getting a domain name here, for our purposes, we assume you already have a domain name.
Put the two together
So you have a domain name. Now you wonder what youre doing with it, and why does it relate to web hosting? Another good question.
You must associate that domain name with the space you rent from the hosting company. Keep in mind when moving to a new home. The new house has an address, you have your name, but you must tell the mail that your name is now associated with that address. One without the other is useless.
Web hosting is the same. You must associate your domain name with the space you rent on the web server. This space becomes your domain.
To make this association, you must tell the company that you have the domain name from where to host the domain. That is, you must tell the nameservers that your web host gave you. That way, when someone enters your domain name, they will be taken to your domain, hosting your web servers.
Heres how your domain name is linked to the web servers of your host account. This will be your domain. Its your little bit of internet properties.
So thats what web hosting is about. It hires a bit of space on a web server, then notices it with your domain name and then uploads your web files to it so you can get your website on the internet.
© Copyright global-electrolysis-supply.com 2019
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Butt's Way
Butt's Way is a cricket ground between the villages of Aston Rowant and Kingston Blount in Oxfordshire.
History
The cricket ground was established in 1880 on land on Aston Moors lent by a T. Taylor. Having been used in club cricket by Aston Rowant Cricket Club for over a century, the ground hosted its first minor counties fixture for Oxfordshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. Oxfordshire later played two List A one-day matches there against first-class opponents Somerset in the 1994 NatWest Trophy and Lancashire in the 1996 NatWest Trophy. Oxfordshire played minor counties cricket there until 1999, after which followed a hiatus of seven years before they returned. Up until, Oxfordshire have played seven Minor Counties Championship and six NCCA Knockout Trophy matches at the ground. In 2011, the ground played host to a Women's One Day International between India women and New Zealand women.
List A
* Highest team total: 349 for 4 (60 overs) by Somerset v Oxfordshire, 1994
* Lowest team total: 130 all out (43 overs) by Oxfordshire v Somerset, as above
* Highest individual innings: 116 by Marcus Trescothick for Somerset v Oxfordshire, as above
* Best bowling in an innings: 5-22 by Andre van Troost for Somerset v Oxfordshire, as above
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WIKI
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Los Angeles sues developer of torched apartment for $20 million
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - The city of Los Angeles filed a $20 million lawsuit on Thursday against the real estate developer behind a downtown apartment complex destroyed while under construction in a massive arson fire that engulfed an entire city block in December 2014. The civil suit alleged that Geoffrey H. Palmer and his company, G.H. Palmer Associates, failed to take fire-safety precautions that would have curbed the spread of flames that ended up burning down the multimillion-dollar Da Vinci Apartments complex. “We’re fighting to fully compensate the city’s taxpayers for losses we allege could have been avoided had this massive building incorporated key safety measures and been better constructed,” City Attorney Mike Feuer said in a statement. Representatives for G.H. Palmer Associates could not be immediately reached for comment. Feuer said developers failed to devise adequate fire protection plan, did not properly install fire walls or doors in the structure, lacked sufficient water supplies to fight a fire, and lacked appropriate security measures to stop someone from gaining unauthorized access. A 56-year-old man was charged last May with setting the Dec. 8, 2014, blaze that gutted the complex and damaged three nearby buildings. Dawud Abdulwali pleaded not guilty to two counts of arson in the case. A flammable material was used to start the fire, which took about 250 firefighters to extinguish and caused an estimated $30 million in damage to the structure of the Da Vinci complex alone, officials said. The site that burned, two stories of poured concrete beneath five floors of wood framing, occupied an entire city block near the junction of two major traffic arteries - the Hollywood Freeway and the Harbor Freeway. No one was injured, but much of the structure, wrapped in scaffolding, collapsed in the flames, producing heat so intense it ignited three floors of a neighboring high-rise building. The radiant heat also blew out windows in two other office buildings. Reporting by Curtis Skinner in San Francisco; Editing by Steve Gorman and Andrew Hay
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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That 'Toss a Coin' song from 'The Witcher' is streaming now
(CNN)You'd be in the right to raise a skeptical eyebrow when reading Netflix's viewing data on "The Witcher," but there are no doubts about this: The show's "Toss a Coin To Your Witcher" song has some fans. And lucky for everyone, it's now available to stream. Since the show's release on December 20, the surprising banger has proven to be an earworm and fodder for many covers and internet memes. Elon Musk is among those who seemingly couldn't get the tune out of his head. Nearly a month later, the streaming service has finally responded to calls to have the song available for streaming. They've also announced the full soundtrack will release on January 24. "'The Witcher' Original Soundtrack is finally coming out!" wrote composer Sonya Belousova on Instagram. "Hope you're going to enjoy listening to it as much as we enjoyed creating it!!" "The Witcher" is based on the series of books by Andrzej Sapkowski that has been adapted into popular video games. Reviews for the series were mixed at best upon its released. Netflix, however, renewed the series for a second season before the show even made its debut.
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Jamie Selkirk
James William Arthur "Jamie" Selkirk is a film editor and producer who has worked primarily in New Zealand. He is particularly noted for his work on The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, which he co-produced with Peter Jackson. He received the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the last film of the trilogy, The Return of the King (2003).
Life
He began his work in the entertainment industry with the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation. He moved to editorial as a trainee editor and began cutting newsreels, current affairs, documentaries, and dramas.
Selkirk has a longstanding collaboration with director Peter Jackson. He worked as the editor, sound editor, and postproduction supervisor for Jackson's films Bad Taste, Meet the Feebles, and Heavenly Creatures. Selkirk was both associate producer and editor for Jackson's Braindead in 1992, and became a full producer (and editor) on The Frighteners. Like Jackson, Selkirk has continued to live and work in New Zealand despite the international success of his work.
In addition to his work as a producer on the Lord of the Rings Trilogy, Selkirk worked as the supervising editor for the first two films The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers. John Gilbert and Michael Horton were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for those films. Selkirk had once thought he would edit all three films himself; in the end, he edited only the third film. In an interview Daniel Restuccio, he commented wryly, "I always liked that script best."
Selkirk has been elected as a member of the American Cinema Editors.
He is married to Ann Selkirk. He and Ann are partial owners of The Roxy Cinema in Miramar, Wellington, New Zealand.
Selected filmography
* A Woman of Good Character (1980) (editor)
* Squeeze (1980) (editor)
* The Silent One (1984) (editor)
* Bad Taste (1987) (editor)
* Meet the Feebles (1989) (editor)
* Old Scores (1991) (editor)
* Braindead aka Dead Alive (1992) (associate producer, editor)
* Heavenly Creatures (1994) (editor)
* Jack Brown Genius (1994) (executive producer, editor)
* The Frighteners (1996) (producer, editor)
* Larger than Life (1997) (producer)
* Wasted (1998) (executive producer)
* The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) (co-producer, supervising editor)
* The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) (co-producer, supervising editor)
* The Long and Short of It (co-producer)
* The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) (editor, co-producer)
* King Kong (2005) (editor)
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WIKI
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What does CD mean in diltiazem?
These medicines both contain an active ingredient called diltiazem hydrochloride. The difference between these is that Cardizem CD is designed to release the active ingredient slowly so that it works over 24 hours and can be taken once a day (CD stands for “controlled delivery”).
What is diltiazem HCl CD used for?
Diltiazem is used alone or together with other medicines to treat angina (severe chest pain) or hypertension (high blood pressure). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly.
Is diltiazem ER and CD the same?
About Diltiazem ER (Cardizem CD) It relaxes your blood vessels and decreases the amount of work the heart has to do. It treats high blood pressure and/or prevents chest pain (also called angina).
What is Apo diltiazem?
Diltiazem belongs to a family of medications known as calcium channel blockers. It is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure and angina (chest pain). It works by relaxing blood vessels and by reducing the workload of the heart.
Is diltiazem CD a diuretic?
It may be concluded that diltiazem does not aggravate congestive heart failure through its diuretic action and probably its systemic vasodilating action.
Is diltiazem used for anxiety?
Three reports (two open, one double-blind) described some success in the treatment of panic disorder with verapamil, diltiazem, or nimodipine and one open-label study described unsuccessful treatment of anxiety and phobia with nifedipine in patients with various anxiety disorders.
When should you not take diltiazem?
Stop taking diltiazem and call a doctor straight away if you get: severe pain in your stomach. yellow skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow – this can be a sign of liver problems.
When to take diltiazem hydrochloride capsules USP?
Information for Patients. Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules USP (Once-a-day dosage) should be taken on an empty stomach. Patients should be cautioned that the Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules USP (Once-a-day dosage) should not be opened, chewed or crushed, and should be swallowed whole.
What are the inactive ingredients of diltiazem hydrochloride?
Inactive Ingredients: Dilt-XR [Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules USP (Once-a-day dosage)] also contain black SW-9008/SW-9009, hypromellose, red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, gelatin, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Red No. 40, D&C Red No. 28, FD&C Blue #1 and titanium dioxide.
When to take dilt XR for high blood pressure?
For the treatment of high blood pressure, it may take 2 weeks before you get the full benefit of this drug. This medication must be taken regularly to prevent angina. It should not be used to treat angina when it occurs. Use other medications (such as nitroglycerin placed under the tongue) to relieve an angina attack as directed by your doctor.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wade Traynham
Wade Lanier Traynham (born February 3, 1942) is a former American football player who played for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Frederick College, but was "dismissed from the student body at Frederick College for disciplinary reasons."
NFL career
Wade Traynham was a kicker for the Atlanta Falcons in 1966 and 1967 after previously having kicked for the semi-pro Savannah Chiefs. He appeared in only 2 games in 1966, but was the Falcons' regular kicker in 1967. Although he was 0 for 1 on field goal attempts in 1966, and only 7 for 18 in 1967, he made all 24 extra point attempts in his career (22 of them in 1967). The Falcons traded Traynham to the Green Bay Packers on July 30, 1968 in exchange for offensive lineman Steve Duich, who the Packers had taken in the 5th round of the 1968 draft. But after going 1 for 4 on field goal attempts in three preseason games, the Packers cut Traynham on August 26, 1968.
The whiff that wasn't
Legend has it that Traynham was kicking off in the Falcons' very first pre-season game, and completely whiffed on the kick—a harbinger of tough days ahead for the Falcons. Traynham debunked the story in a 1999 interview. Traynham said the play in question was not in the Falcons' preseason debut, but in their second regular season game, against the Philadelphia Eagles. He said, "I never whiffed the ball, I just slipped planting my foot...But I got a little piece of the ball as I went down. It wound up being a perfect onside kick and we got it back." However, Traynham strained a thigh muscle on the play and did not kick the rest of the season.
Post-NFL life
Traynham coached football from 1981-1984 for Phoebus High School in his home town of Hampton, Virginia. He was later softball coach at the school.
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NorthCoast ETF Portfolios Helped By Rally In International ETF
NorthCoast Asset Management's ETF retirement portfolios closed September on a high note. A recovery by foreign stocks fueled gains. Domestic holdings also enjoyed healthy advances in what has been a banner year at home.
Here are some highlights from the portfolios for the month:
Big Moves Across the Pond
The Diversified Core portfolio prospered in September as its largest position rallied 7.8%.IShares MSCI EAFE ( EFA ) was guided higher by resilient showings from Japanese and European equities.
There may be more room to run in the months ahead. "We have a positive outlook for European stocks," said Patrick Jamin, chief investment officer for NorthCoast. "Since Feb. 28, 2008, the S&P Europe 350 Index is down 3%, while the S&P 500 index is up 37%, leaving a lot of upside potential."
EFA is also the top holding of the Diversified Growth portfolio. Jamin noted that bargain hunters have come knocking on EFA's door. "Its upside has recently attracted some investors who noticed more compelling valuations than in the U.S.," he said. "The Shiller P/E is close to an all-time low vs. the U.S."
IShares Core S&P Small-Cap ( IJR ) and iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ( IJH ) resumed upward trajectories during September for Diversified Growth. IJR and IJH appreciated 5.9% and 7.1% respectively. The funds are up 28% and 23.4% year-to-date.
Push To Record Heights
The Tactical Growth portfolio benefited last month from the ascent of its major positions in iShares Core S&P 500 ( IVV ) and EFA. A decision by the Federal Reserve to not start tapering asset purchases helped push the S&P 500 to hit a record high. IVV tacked on a 5.9% gain in September and now sits 27.8% above where it began the year.
The spotlight will remain on IVV in October, as its components get ready to announce quarterly results. NorthCoast has its focus on more than just earnings though. "The ETF portfolios are managed systematically according to our market outlook," Jamin said. "We don't try to predict next quarter's earnings. Instead we look at more than 40 relevant variables grouped in four different dimensions to quantify our market outlook: technical, sentiment, macroeconomic and valuation."
Re-Emergence
The gains by IVV and EFA were contagious for Tactical Growth during September. The portfolio witnessed a 7.2% jump by iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ( EEM ). "Emerging markets have underperformed this year on concerns of slower growth," Jamin said. "Even after adjusting for subdued growth, the valuation metrics of emerging markets look reasonably attractive."
IShares International Developed Property (WPS) and iShares International Select Dividend (IDV) posted outsized returns for the Tactical Income portfolio last month. Respective advances of 8% and 6.5% led Jamin and his team to rebalance. "We trimmed back our position in IDV to keep the exposure in line with the risk tolerance of the portfolio," he said.
Some of the profits from IDV were reinvested in the iShares Intermediate Credit Bond (CIU). "With an effective duration of 4.22, the risk/reward ratio is attractive enough in this environment," Jamin said.
Shares of CIU, which yield 2.9%, saw a 0.7% uptick during the month.
The target weightings in all the other portfolios remained unchanged in the month.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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Page:The Red Man and the White Man in North America.djvu/658
638 instructions to Las Casas on this point, 57, 58.
* Isabella, site of the second colony established in the New World by Columbus, 45; its experiences, 46.
* Jennison, Mary, an Indianized white woman, 613.
* Jesuits, the, exquisite tact of, among the savages, in conforming to their modes and manners, 146; their method of converting the savages compared with that of the Puritan and Protestant, 297, 300, 369, 377; influence of their priests on the Indians, 307, 309, — their devotion and zeal as missionaries to the red men, 385, 386, 390 et seq., — their preparatory training and discipline, 391, 392, 402, — their " Relations," 393, — their method of life and their homes in the wilderness, 391-396, 405-408, — their success as Indian missionaries, 399, — the tragic fate which some of them met, 403, 405, — their altar ornaments in the wilderness, 409, 410, — their task of conversion a lighter one than the Protestants', 468.
* Jogues, Father, 403.
* Johnson, Sir William, Indian Agent, 191.
* Judgment, the, forewarned against the white man for his treatment of the Indian, 18, 19.
* Lafitau, Jesuit Father, his book on the Indians, 112, 113; his experience of the Indian sign-language and the difficulty of speech with the natives, 118, 119; his idea of their courage and heroism, 124, 137.
* Land, Indian tenure of, 208.
* Language, the Indian, intricate subject of, and wide difference of authorities on, 116; richness and copiousness of, 116; labor and zeal bestowed upon, by Europeans, 117-120; natural origin and beauty of many of its names of persons and places, 158, 160, 161; inter-communication by, among different tribes, 179; variety of its dialects, 180; found by the whites to be difficult of mastery, 181, 182, — yet in communication between natives and whites the latter go more than half-way, 182; remarkable facility of the sign-language between individuals and tribes, 183; Prof. Powell's systematic attempts to study it, 183, 184.
* La Salle, French explorer, 167, 486.
* Las Casas, the great apostle to the Indies, — his protest against the Christian view of conquest, 54-57.
* Lodge, the Indian, 149.
* Lubbock, Sir John, his view of the origin of human existence on the American continent, 5.
* Maize, Indian culture of, 176.
* Marquette, Father, 283, 289, 404.
* Massasoit, Indian chief, 115.
* Masse, Father Enemond, 388.
* Mather, Cotton, 342.
* Mather, Increase, 336.
* Medicine-bag, the, an indispensable article of outfit to the Indians, 150, 151.
* Membertou, a converted Indian chief, his great age, 387; his character, 387; his proposed improvement of the Lord's Prayer, 389.
* Menendez, in Florida, 272.
* Mexicans, the ancient, state of their civilization, 74; Prescott's statement in regard to, 75; evidence of their cannibalism and human sacrifices, 75, 76; their supposed intercourse with Northern aborigines, 179.
* Miantonomo, Indian chief, 115, 116.
* Military Officers, their views of Indian character, 109-111.
* Missions, Christian, some general remarks on aims and methods of, 368, et seq.
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This is What 2 Cups of Coffee Per Day Will Do To Your Liver
coffee
The wellbeing impacts of espresso are very questionable. Contingent upon who you ask, it is either a super sound refreshment or amazingly unsafe. In any case, notwithstanding what you may have heard, there are entirely of good things to be said in regards to espresso. For instance, it is high in cancer prevention agents and connected to a decreased danger of numerous infections. Be that as it may, it likewise contains caffeine, a stimulant that can cause issues in a few people and disturb rest. This article investigates espresso and its wellbeing impacts, analyzing both the advantages and disadvantages.
Espresso Contains Some Essential Nutrients and is Extremely High in Antioxidants
Espresso is something other than dim dark colored water… a considerable lot of the supplements in the espresso beans do make it into the drink.
A run of the mill 8oz (240) some espresso contains:
•Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 11% of the RDA.
•Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): 6% of the RDA.
•Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): 2% of the RDA.
•Vitamin B3 (Niacin): 2% of the RDA.
•Folate: 1% of the RDA.
•Manganese: 3% of the RDA.
•Potassium: 3% of the RDA.
•Magnesium: 2% of the RDA.
•Phosphorus: 1% of the RDA.
This may not appear like a considerable measure, but rather take a stab at duplicating with 3, 4, or anyway numerous containers you drink every day. It can indicate a critical part of your day by day supplement admission.
In any case, where espresso truly sparkles is in its high substance of cancer prevention agents.
The normal individual who eats a run of the mill Western eating routine really gets a bigger number of cell reinforcements from espresso than leafy foods… joined.
Main concern: Coffee contains a little measure of a few vitamins and minerals, which include in the event that you drink numerous mugs every day. It is likewise high in cancer prevention agents.
Espresso Contains Caffeine, A Stimulant That Can Enhance Brain Function and Boost Metabolism
Caffeine is the most normally expended psychoactive substance on the planet.
espresso punch
Soda pops, tea and chocolate all contain caffeine, yet espresso is the greatest source.
The caffeine substance of a solitary glass can go from 30-300 mg, however the normal container is something close to 90-100 mg.
Caffeine is a known stimulant. In the cerebrum, it obstructs the capacity of an inhibitory neurotransmitter (mind hormone) called Adenosine.
By blocking adenosine, caffeine really builds action in the cerebrum and the arrival of different neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine. This diminishes tiredness and influences us to feel more caution.
There are various examinations demonstrating that caffeine can prompt a fleeting lift in cerebrum work… including enhanced state of mind, response time, carefulness and general subjective capacity.
Caffeine can likewise help digestion (calories consumed) by 3-11% and even increment practice execution by 11-12%, by and large.
In any case… a portion of these impacts are probably going to be here and now. On the off chance that you drink espresso consistently, at that point you will manufacture a resistance to it and the impacts will be less ground-breaking.
There are likewise a few drawbacks to caffeine, which I’ll get to in a bit.
Primary concern: The fundamental dynamic compound in espresso is the stimulant caffeine. It can cause a transient lift in vitality levels, cerebrum work, metabolic rate and exercise execution.
Espresso May Help Protect Your Brain in Old Age, Leading to Reduced Risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s sickness is the most widely recognized neurodegenerative infection and a main source of dementia.
Studies have demonstrated that espresso consumers have up to a 65% lower danger of building up Alzheimer’s sickness.
Parkinson’s is the second most regular neurodegenerative malady and caused by the demise of dopamine-creating neurons in the cerebrum.
Espresso consumers have a 32-60% lower danger of Parkinson’s illness. The more espresso individuals drink, the lower the hazard.
Primary concern: Several examinations demonstrate that espresso consumers have a much lower danger of dementia, Alzheimer’s illness and Parkinson’s malady in maturity.
Espresso Drinkers Have a Much Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Sort 2 diabetes is portrayed by lifted blood sugars because of protection from the impacts of insulin.
This is an exceptionally regular illness… it has expanded 10-overlap in a couple of decades and now burdens more than 300 million individuals.
Curiously, espresso consumers seem to have an altogether lessened danger of building up this sickness, a few examinations demonstrating that espresso consumers are up to 23-67% more averse to end up diabetic.
In one vast survey ponder that took a gander at 18 thinks about with 457,922 people, every day by some espresso was connected to a 7% decreased danger of sort 2 diabetes.
Main concern: Numerous examinations have demonstrated that espresso consumers have a fundamentally bring down danger of creating write 2 diabetes.
Espresso Drinkers Have a Lower Risk of Liver Diseases
The liver is an amazingly critical organ that has several distinct capacities in the body.coffee liver
It is extremely touchy to present day affronts like overabundance liquor and fructose consumption.
The end phase of liver harm is called Cirrhosis, and includes the majority of the liver being supplanted with scar tissue.
Espresso consumers have up to a 84% lower danger of creating cirrhosis, with the most grounded impact for the individuals who drink at least 4 containers for every day.
Liver disease is likewise normal… it is the second driving reason for tumor passing around the world. Espresso consumers have up to a 40% lower danger of liver tumor.
Primary concern: Coffee consumers have an altogether bring down danger of cirrhosis and liver growth. The more espresso they drink, the lower the hazard.
Individuals Who Drink Coffee Are at a Much Lower Risk of Depression and Suicide
Gloom is a unimaginably regular issue.
It is the world’s most regular mental issue and prompts a fundamentally decreased personal satisfaction.
In one Harvard examine from 2011, individuals who drank the most espresso had a 20% lower danger of getting to be discouraged.
In one survey of 3 examines, individuals who drank at least some espresso every day were 53% less inclined to submit suicide.
Primary concern: Studies have demonstrated that individuals who drink espresso have a lower danger of getting to be discouraged and are fundamentally more averse to confer suicide.
A few Studies Show That Coffee Drinkers Live Longer
Given that espresso consumers have a lower danger of numerous normal, dangerous maladies (and suicide), it bodes well that espresso could enable you to live more.
There is in reality some great confirmation to help this.
An examination distributed in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012 took a gander at the propensities for 402,260 people in the vicinity of 50 and 71 years old.
In this investigation, individuals who drank espresso had a much lower danger of kicking the bucket over the 12-multi year ponder period:coffee demise
The sweet spot is by all accounts at 4-5 mugs for every day, with men having a 12% decreased hazard and ladies a 16% diminished hazard.
You can read more about it in this article on how espresso can make you live more.
Main concern: Some investigations have demonstrated that espresso consumers live more, which bodes well given that they have a lower danger of numerous infections. The most grounded impact is seen for 4-5 glasses for every day.
Caffeine Can Cause Anxiety and Disrupt Sleep
It wouldn’t be all in all correct to just discuss the well done without specifying the awful.
In all actuality… there are some critical negative viewpoints to espresso too (despite the fact that this relies upon the person).
Devouring excessively caffeine can prompt nervousness, uneasiness, heart palpitations and may even worsen freeze assaults.
On the off chance that you are touchy to caffeine and have a tendency to wind up overstimulated, at that point maybe you shouldn’t drink espresso.
Another undesirable reaction is that it can upset rest. In the event that espresso diminishes the nature of your rest, at that point take a stab at keeping away from espresso late in the day, for example, after 2pm.
Caffeine can likewise have some diuretic and circulatory strain raising impacts, however this as a rule leaves with normal utilize. Be that as it may, an expansion in circulatory strain of 1-2 mm/Hg may endure.
Main concern: Caffeine can have different negative impacts, for example, causing nervousness and disturbing rest, yet this depends significantly on the person.
Caffeine is Addictive and Missing a Few Cups Can Lead to Withdrawal
One issue with caffeine, is that it can prompt enslavement in numerous individuals.
At the point when individuals devour caffeine routinely, they end up tolerant to it. It either quits functioning as it used to, or a bigger measurements is expected to get similar impacts.
At the point when individuals go without caffeine, they get withdrawal indications like cerebral pain, tiredness, mind mist and peevishness. This can keep going for a couple of days .
Resilience and withdrawal are the signs of physical dependence.
Many individuals (naturally) don’t care for being actually dependant on a compound substance so as to work legitimately.
Main concern: Caffeine is an addictive substance. It can prompt resilience and all around archived withdrawal manifestations like cerebral pain, tiredness and peevishness.
The Difference Between Regular and Decaf
A few people choose decaffeinated espresso rather than standard.
The way decaffeinated espresso is normally made, is by washing the espresso beans with dissolvable synthetics.
Each time this is done, some level of the caffeine breaks up in the dissolvable and this procedure is rehashed until the point that the vast majority of the caffeine has been evacuated.
Be that as it may, it’s vital to remember that even decaffeinated espresso contains some caffeine, simply significantly less than customary espresso.
Shockingly, not the greater part of the medical advantages of customary espresso apply to decaffeinated espresso. For instance, a few examinations demonstrate no diminishment in the danger of sort 2 diabetes, Parkinson’s or liver illnesses for individuals who drink decaffeinated espresso.
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Talk:Weapons of Class Destruction/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Miyagawa (talk · contribs) 08:51, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
Ok, grabbing this now for a review over the weekend. Big VM fan, so very pleased to see the episodes starting to appear at GAN. Miyagawa (talk) 08:51, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
* Great! Thank you. :) BenLinus 1214 talk 19:57, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
Ok, let's give this review a go!
* Lead
* You can drop "and the eighteenth episode overall" - as it is the first season, it's superfluous since you've already said it was the 18th episode.
* I think you can also edit out "which takes place in the episode" in the third paragraph, as if it wasn't happening in this episode then you wouldn't be discussing it. :)
* Also, you don't need the citations in the lead as it should be abbreviating information which otherwise appears in the article.
* Plot
* I can't really put my finger on a specific example, but all the "Veronica"'s makes the plot seem very repetitive.
* You also tend to use a lot of "Later," and "Soon," at the start of a sentence, which again is repetitive (and in several places quite unnecessary).
* There's opportunity to avoid using short sentences, such as changing "Veronica prints the story in the school newspaper. This causes chaos at school the next day." to "Veronica prints the story in the school newspaper, causing chaos at school the next day." If you can give the plot a copy edit with those points in mind then I'll take another look.
* ✅ I've done a copyedit of the plot section, paying particular attention to your comments. You can take a look at it.
* Arc significance
* I'm not convinced that you need this section.
* ✅. Yeah, these sections are especially short here. It's more debatable in other articles, but here they should definitely be removed.
* Music
* Likewise, but I think you'll be able to work this line into the production section.
* Production
* "The episode also features the return of Cindy "Mac" Mackenzie (Tina Majorino) and Alicia Fennel (Erica Gimpel) after absences of seven and ten episodes, respectively." is uncited - also would be best to ensure that you've stated that you're referring to characters as you go straight from taking about writers/directors to characters without making the difference clear.
* I just removed that. It's not really necessary.
* "At PaleyFest 2014, series creator Rob Thomas stated that "The truth is, we never had any intention at all for Logan to end up with Veronica,” said Thomas." - You've said that Thomas said that line both at the start and the end of the sentence.
* I'm not sure why you have the indented quote paragraph when you then have two paragraphs following that which are mostly made up by quotes from single sources.
* ✅ I incorporated it into another paragraph.
* ✅ I incorporated it into another paragraph.
* References
* What makes http://proyouthpages.com/vmars23.html a reliable source?
* Eh, I thought it was at first, but looking deeper into it, its definitely not. Removed material cited to that.
Once you've had a chance to look through those, I'll take a second look. Miyagawa (talk) 22:35, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
Done I think! :) BenLinus 1214 talk 23:34, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
* Great - that is much better. The reduction in the short sentences in the plot stops the Veronica's from being all that jarring and repetitive. Unlike in some shows, you couldn't break it up by using her surname instead because obviously Keith has the same surname and it'd get confusing. So I think this is now good to go for GA. The image I think is fine under fair use as there is a specific part of the article which is greatly enhanced by the inclusion. Promoting now. Miyagawa (talk) 10:18, 7 June 2015 (UTC)
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What you need to find out about Botox treatment Cosmetic
Aesthetica
The normal customer might be knowledgeable about the expression “Botox treatment”. The individual also almost certainly is aware of that it must be a form of beauty “surgery” for growing older. Nonetheless, the data probably ceases there. This information will make an attempt to instruct you about what is meant when somebody states they have got, or are curious about acquiring, Botox injections treatment options.The term “Botox” arises from the mix of two phrases: Botulinum toxin, a probably harmful product produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This is basically the same toxin that causes foods poisoning called botulism.
Although possibly dangerous, little dosage amounts have highly effective for the short-term elimination of facial lines (the main focus with this write-up), extreme underarm sweating (referred to as “primary axillary hyperhidrosis”), cervical dystonia (a nerve condition triggering severe the neck and throat and shoulder muscles spasms), blepharospasm (continuous and uncontrollable blinking), and strabismus (eye change).For the management of wrinkles, Botox treatment operates by temporarily paralyzing a number of face muscles, causing a softer and young skin appearance. Botox Plastic is really the liquefied kind of a purified health proteins based on the harmful bacteria, Clostridium Botulinum.
Allergan, a big prescription drug company, owns the proper rights to Aesthetica Beauty. It first obtained Food and drug administration endorsement in 2002 to the short-term management of reasonable to serious frown facial lines from the brows of individuals 18 to 65 years old. It is implemented by medical professionals and it is readily available by medication only.Botox treatment Aesthetic is additionally the only real management of this particular type which includes gotten Federal drug administration endorsement. (To get FDA endorsement is not a simple task. Inside the USA, to receive FDA acceptance, something have to experience several demanding specialized medical and lab tests. It really is only right after these tests are completely examined plus an item is shown to be effective and harmless for the meant use, is actually an item provided Food and drug administration endorsement. The procedure might take several years).
The popularity of Botox treatment Cosmetic talks for itself. Given that its acceptance, numerous people have received treatment method, with practically 3.3 zillion in 2005 alone. Unsurprisingly, every year the United States Culture for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery has persistently graded Botox Cosmetic as the most famous doctor-done aesthetic procedure in the USA (which include equally medical and non-surgical treatments).Remedy with Botox Aesthetic is regarded as no-operative. An individual procedure can acquire from 10 to a half-hour, consists of just one or two tiny shots, and often demonstrates outcomes inside of 3 to seven days. Methods are normally frequent each and every 3 to 6 months.
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Whole Foods hosting free 6-course Italian dinners: how to get it
Whole Foods is offering free six-course Italian dinners in New York, Los Angeles, Austin, and Atlanta on February 20 as a one-time pop-up event.Reservations open Thursday at noon on Eventbrite. There will be 20 seats available in New York, 25 in Los Angeles, 28 in Austin, and 33 in Atlanta, along with an unlimited waitlist. The family-style dinner event will be hosted by the grocer's cheese, wine and culinary experts, as well as by some Italian food suppliers. Curated wine and prosecco pairings for each course are also complimentary. Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
Whole Foods is rolling out a one-time pop-up event called "A Little Italy," offering free six-course Italian dinners in four US cities on the same night. 20 customers in New York, 25 in Los Angeles, 28 in Austin, and 33 in Atlanta will enjoy an intimate, family-style six-course Italian feast, along with curated wine and prosecco pairings for each course, the specialty grocer announced in a press release on Monday. Reservations open Thursday at noon on Eventbrite.A Whole Foods spokesperson told Business Insider that there will be an unlimited waitlist, and the grocer "encourages waitlist sign-ups." If any registered attendee cancels their reservation, the next person on the waitlist will be added to the event and be notified via email. The pop-up dinners will be co-hosted by experts from the retailer's cheese, wine, and culinary teams, including Master Sommelier Devon Broglie and longstanding World Cheese Awards judge Cathy Strange, along with cheese makers and prosciutto suppliers from Italy.
"Our dedicated team members travel throughout Italy to bring the finest traditionally-produced Italian items to Whole Foods Market stores, and we're excited to offer these authentic products together on a dinner menu for one night only," Whole Foods Market's vice president of specialty, Cathy Strange, said in a press release. According to a full menu shared with Business Insider, the dinner's menu will include dishes like cacio e pepe, beef osso buco with moscato, and roasted cavolo nero, radicchio, and cauliflower, while paired wines include Monterustico Bianco and Criterion Pinot Grigio. Shoppers can also get special offers on the selected Italian specialties starting February 12.Here is where you can claim a complimentary seat in each city.New York: https://a-little-italy-newyork-ny.eventbrite.com
Los Angeles: https://a-little-italy-losangeles-ca.eventbrite.comAustin: https://a-little-italy-austin-tx.eventbrite.comAtlanta: https://a-little-italy-atlanta-ga.eventbrite.com
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Talk:Tall Ships America
Untitled
The "American Sail Training Association" has changed its name to "Tall Ships America." They have updated their website www.sailtraining.org but they, or their supporters, seem to have forgotten about this article.
--ForemastJack (talk) 21:44, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
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User:RanaRehan9338
Rana Rehan S/O Muhammad Afzal.
Elementary religious education
He got his early religious education from Maulana Shabbir Ahmed Sahib in Adhi Kot village of Khushab and then started memorization from Jatoi Tehsil of Muzaffargarh District.
Memorization was completed at Madrasa Badrul Uloom Badin in Badin District of Sindh.
Modern education
Matriculated from Al-Huda Public School, Badin
For further religious education, he enrolled in the great institution of Pakistan, Jamiat-ur-Rasheed Karachi
Obtained the certificate of Martyrdom from Al-Rasheed University, Karachi
And graduated from Jamiat-ur-Rasheed, Karachi
After that he specialized in one year preacher training course.
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Talk:Jörg Schilling
He has a Wiki article in other languages
Jörg Schilling has a Wiki article in other languages: German and Spanish. In particular, there is this reference (they look reliable, but WP:RSP is sadly lacking in foreign language sources) in the German article, as well as this German-language obituary and this old OpenSolaris article, which looks to pass the WP:THREE test for notability. I can translate the Spanish (but not the German) article in to English by hand, in case we feel we can posthumously give him a Wikipedia article again. Samboy (talk) 11:06, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
* English article was created in 2005. I requested to undelete. There are a lot of references in german, and I would help to translate.--GM83 (talk) 18:17, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
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-- AIG Mortgage Unit Should Help With Refinances, U.S. Senators Say
American International Group Inc. (AIG) ’s
mortgage-insurance unit should remove policies that can prevent
homeowners from refinancing mortgages, three U.S. senators wrote
in a letter today. United Guaranty Corp. is the only mortgage insurer that
hasn’t removed barriers to refinancing, senators Barbara Boxer
of California, Robert Menendez of New Jersey and Herb Kohl of
Wisconsin, all Democrats, wrote in the letter addressed to Chief
Executive Officer Kim Garland. The unit of the bailed-out insurer is unwilling to offer
the same protections on defective loans that competitors are
granting to aid the Home Affordable Refinance Program, Bloomberg
News reported in November. President Barack Obama has said
expanding HARP will make cheaper credit available to more
homeowners with mortgage rates near record lows. “United Guaranty’s policies are harmful both to your
customers and to the taxpayers,” the senators wrote in the
letter. “This is particularly troubling given that United
Guaranty is a subsidiary of American International Group, which
itself has benefited from taxpayer assistance.” United Guaranty has participated in HARP since 2009 and
refinanced more than $5.3 billion worth of loans, the firm said
in an e-mailed statement. “United Guaranty’s review of new servicer loans in no way
interferes with borrowers’ ability to take advantage of HARP or
other loan-modification programs that help families retain their
homes,” according to the statement. To contact the reporter on this story:
Zachary Tracer in New York at
ztracer1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Dan Kraut at
dkraut2@bloomberg.net
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Talk:World Championship Wrestling
Naming
This really belongs at "World Championship Wrestling". See for instance World Wrestling Federation, World Wrestling Entertainment, Extreme Championship Wrestling, etc.; all of these use the full title instead of the acronym. Besides, I believe using the full form is in the Naming conventions. --Furrykef 18:49, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Will no one do this? I can't do it myself because the target page already exists, and I'm not a sysop. --Furrykef 22:21, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Yeah, I want it changed too!
I will request this of the admins. --Chrysaor 19:48, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC) Update: Page has been moved... --Chrysaor 20:04, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Protection
I've requested protection for this page, as a series of anonymous editors are reverting to a disputed version with no explanation. McPhail 19:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Yeah, this is pissing me off Zpb52 19:52, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
* The page had a protection tag on it, but was not actually protected. I wonder why that is. I noticed you guys have been working overtime to thwart certain anonymous editors' reverts of my attempts to make the article more neutral. I guess you agree with them, then? As for the anonymous editors, if any of you wish to discuss my changes and why you keep reverting them, feel free. I'm not above debate, and I'm not a McMahon flunkie, either. --Chrysaor 03:24, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
POV
I've marked this article with a POV notice. Calling McMahon's early actions "bullying" is just one example, as is blaming specific angles for the promotion's ultimate collapse. It's a POV held by many wrestling fans, but it's still POV. — Gwalla | Talk 22:30, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Well, I did my best to edit the pre-nWo portion of the article and I think it's better. If I have time later, I'll tackle the rest of it. --Chrysaor 07:26, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
* I think we can remove the NPOV tag now. I realize that the article still blames angles for the decline of WCW at the end, but it's prefaced with "some people believe that" and, as you said, it's a widely held belief. I'll remove the tag in a couple days if no one objects. --Chrysaor 19:29, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
* It's much better than it was. I wouldn't object to removal of the POV notice. — Gwalla | Talk 21:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
I removed a lot of the extremly obvious POV tags from the Death of WCW. --Unopeneddoor 01:20, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
There should be a lot less POV statements now. Tell me if that's better.--Unopeneddoor 01:32, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
Some people have been vandelizing the Superbrawl & World War 3 with back yard "shows" show can you guy watch them BionicWilliam
The POV problems seem to be proliferating. Take this, for example, from the second section, "The NWA Years:" ... "World Championship Wrestling's core audience was not interested in the WWF's cartoonish approach, preferring a more athletic style." That's opinion, not facts. I don't know if anyone's even paying attention to this page, but that's just scratching the surface of the POV issues this article has. I'm considering cleaning it up, but it would be a massive undertaking. Thoughts? --Pagemonkey
Awakening a 5 year old topic here, this article is still not neutral and easily displays a negative tone without any attempt to hide it. ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 09:36, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
World Heavyweight Championship (WWE) link
This was reverted back the last time I changed it, so I figured it would be a good time to explain why I changed it. When the WCW/ECW Alliance went out of business after Survivor Series 2001, Vince McMahon came on RAW the following night and stated that the WCW Championship would now be referred to as the World Championship. In every match that the title was defended in up to Vengeance 2001, the title was always referred to as the World Championship, not the World Heavyweight Championship. On many websites and the now-defunct WCW Championship title history on WWE.com, Chris Jericho was stated as the last person to hold the WCW Championship before becoming the WWF Undisputed Champion. In September of 2002, Eric Bischoff awarded the "Big Gold Belt" to Triple H and stated that he was the last man to hold the belt, referring to his run as the Undisputed Champion between March and April of 2002 before it was represented by one belt. That should prove that the World Championship defended between November and December of 2001 is NOT the same title as the present-day World Heavyweight Championship defended in WWE. Therefore, it should not have a link to that championship on that part of the page and should only state World Championship, as I have done.
Shane McMahon
Was he really an owner? I figured that was kayfabe? OsFan 14:43, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
* Kayfabe. Fixed it. X-Mack 17:54, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
Last part of "The Death of WCW" section
* With the return of ECW on it's way and all the hype over ECW the WWE feels that instead of having two brands RAW/Smackdown they would be better off with two or even three federations... They will all be run seperately no draft no interaction, With the exception of some ppvs and special matches but for the most part there will be three federations, WWE run by vince and the WWE booking team. ECW run by Paul Heyman Al Snow and Tommy Dreamer. and WCW run by Eric Bischoff Dusty Rhodes and a very close friend of Bischoff Diamond Dallas Page. These are all to be taken as rumors as of right now but from what I have heard there is a 99.9% chance of ecw returning and a 85.0% chance wcw will return... They are still ironing out details with the tv timeslot ecw may air on the internet for a few months untill they find a place for it and WCW will most likely takover Smackdown. If you take a look at smackdown the signs are all there for a WCW rebirth. WCW titles (World, US, Cruiser) WCW Refs (Nick Patrick, Charles Robinson) WCW PPV (Great American Bash) WCW Superstars (Rey, Helms, Booker T, Benoit, Finlay, Noble, Psicosis, Road Warrior Animal, Super Crazy) and now with Bischoff gone it leaves him free to start a wcw invasion on smackdown but sources say the invasion will start in the new ecw.
OK, all spelling errors and typos aside, this needs sources and I'm seriously thinking this is POV. <IP_ADDRESS> 17:23, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
* And now with the "future of WCW" section talking about the possible renaming of SmackDown! to World Championship Wrestling, I think it's only fair that whoever added that in should give us some credible sources as to whether or not that might actually happen-- 'cuz I've heard *nothing* about that, and in fact I find it extremely unlikely that Vince would bring back WCW. ekedolphin 05:25, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
* I take full responsibility for that section. I am sorry for using the Wikipedia entry to trade in speculation. I began editing only several months ago and am still learning about how it works. In this case, I drew the conclusion based on two facts:
* ECW was recently brought back as a brand by WWE. Along with WWF and WCW, the old ECW was one of the "big three" organizations around 2000.
* The CW will pick up Friday Night SmackDown! as part of the UPN/WB merger. Half of the CW is owned by the same company (Time Warner) that owned WCW before it was sold to Vince McMahon.
* Therefore, why wouldn't McMahon revisit the old "three-party system" of the 1997-2000 era? Rename SmackDown! WCW and leave RAW with the WWE name. Maybe even rename the show WCW Friday Night SmackDown! Then I thought that I had heard nothing about that, so I decided to put the disclaimer on the page to be safe. Again, no inside info, just a gut feeling. It could have been worse though: I could have named my fan-fiction character the new champion, a la David Arquette!--Desmond Hobson 16:10, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
WCW logo
When were the lasted WCW logos (the "Invasion" angle and the cool-looking one) created and when were each one of them official? Johnluisocasio (talk) 21:49, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
I need one person's help to recreate the 1999-2001 WCW logo for the company. J4lambert (talk) 01:46, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
External links- WCW.com?????
Why did someone edit the External links section to go to WCW.com which doesn't exist?? There is no reason to have this link. The link should go to WWE.com as WWE is the owner of all WCW properties and holdings.Sivazh 22:06, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
WCW.com redirects to WWE.com
My two cents
I think they should keep this current content the way it is. Some sources are just like this article, having sourced to another page. My point is not to delete the article, but, to improve the quality of the entry. I beg of you to keep this article. Sundogs 13:59, 28 October 2006 (UTC)
The Acquisition by WWF
Is it just me, or does the fourth paragraph of this section seem POV? But I'll leave it up to you more experienced people to edit it if/how you see fit, mainly because I can't think of any way to reword it.JoeTBF13 03:51, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
Introductory Paragraph
This article was mysteriously missing an introductory paragraph, so I took it upon myself to compose one. Feel free to make any edits to it you deem are necessary. Thanks. Gujuguy 04:07, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
Added list of TV programs
-Rawisrob
Sign didn't pan out
Remember the WCW on Versus speculation sign in Pittsburgh the day after Survivor Series? Well, that didn't work out didn't it:( Not even on the page anymore. - Desmond Hobson 00:26, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
Changing all WWE references to WWF
I'm in the process of changing all instances of "WWE" in the article to "WWF." To refer to WWE as "WWE" in this article is anachronistic, as the company didn't rename itself as WWE until a year or two after it had acquired WCW. Anybody object? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gujuguy (talk • contribs) 19:10, 23 February 2007 (UTC).
Well, I agree with you, but all references to the “WWF” were changed to “WWE”, even when talking about the past. For example, they don’t call Hulk Hogan a 5 time “WWF” Champion and a 1 time “WWE” Champion. The simply call him a 6 time “WWE” Champion. You could say something like, “…WWE (WWF at the time)…”, or something like that. You’re right, but legally, you’re wrong, thus the name change in the first place. Get it??--Prince Patrick 17:25, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
Then take that up at WP:PW because according to WP:PW policy all references to WWE before 2002 (or whenever the name change took place) are to be changed to WWF. B mg 9 1 6 Speak to Me 17:28, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
I don't have to take anything to anybody. I agree with the change from WWE back to WWF for anyhting prior to 2002. I just thought it had to be changed for legal purposes. Why do you think they edit out all references to the “F”, even in past footage of DVDs and among other things?? They didn’t change the name going forward. They changed the name going forward AND all past references. DUH!!--Prince Patrick 17:39, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
They legally have to change it yes, I know that. For some reason unbeknownst to me personally, we don't have to here, that's why I suggested taking it to WP:PW because somebody there might know. Also, please be more civil. B mg 9 1 6 Speak to Me 19:39, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
Oh, well if we don't have to here, then yes, I say change it.--Prince Patrick 19:45, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
* WWE legally can't say "WWF" (though they can say "World Wrestling Federation". We are not under that obligation, so it was agreed at WP:PW that all references to WWE before May 6, 2002 be changed to "WWF" (and that all references to it before 1979 be changed to "WWWF"). TJ Spyke 06:59, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
Oh okay. That makes sense.--Prince Patrick 14:47, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
They eliminated all references to WWF because the World Wildlife Fund has the exclusive right to use the initials WWF. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:23, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
GA-Candidate
Hi, I've just nominated it for GA-status, if you feel it could be improved in any way (less pics, more references etc.), can you please leave a comment underneath - I will try and update the article as soon as possible. Davnel03 12:56, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
push for GA-Status and hopefully FA
I am currently trying to extensively reference this page with the hope of eventually making it a Featured Article. Any assistance is appreciated but I do request references be of proper standard and not just fansites. I also hope editors will respect the ongoing work and not arbitrarily remove unsourced material. We'll get there in the end! ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ SpeakSign 22:27, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
Information regarding the acquisition of the WCW by WWF
Please do NOT remove the information placed there tonight. Said information is valid, and if necessary, I can find and post the entire text from Linda McMahon referenced as I had copy and pasted it to a message board I once frequented. Furthermore, the information regarding WCW footage on WWE DVDs is also accurate, in terms of the footage listed.
Warwolf 05:45, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* Per Wikipedia policy, no information can be added if it is original research or contains claims that are not verified by reliable sources and violates the neutral point of view.-- bullet proof 3:16 06:04, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
To that I offer this link in response, which consists of several cut and pasted articles from the day the announcement of the purchase was posted on the web, March 23, 2001: http://www.silabub.com/ubb/Forum1/HTML/001971.html
The above link is an archived section with discussion on the purchase, starting with the actual information, on a message board I once frequented.
<IP_ADDRESS> 07:07, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Unfortunately message board/fan forum links are unacceptable under policy. There is no proof that the person who posted those articles did not just make them up. It would be extremely easy to do so just by copying WWE's standard press-release format. ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ Speak 11:53, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
GA Fail
Unfortunately it's a fail for now.
Improvements necessary for GA:
* Article needs a re-org. Article is way too strongly weighted towards the "History" section - in fact, the whole thing is History. I would suggest creating new top-level headings on major topics of relevance to the WCW and reworking much of the existing material into those. A good deal of the history sub-section could also go into a sub-article. (See National Hockey League, a GA, for an example of a well-organized article in a similar genre). This will be a major task.
* Writing is generally very good, but there is a nasty run-on sentence with comma misuse in the lead (first paragraph).
* Per WP:LAYOUT please put "details", "main", "see also" templates after section headings but before the text.
* A good number of paragraphs do not have any citations. Some have NPOV problems; for example "Another thing Bischoff may have failed to consider..." - an opinion like this is fine only if it comes from a reliable source. The "Decline" section is also full of opinions and analyses that do not appear to be sourced.
* "Image:Original-nWo.jpg" and "Image:Fingerpoke of Doom.jpg" need detailed fair-use rationales added to their description pages.
Improvements not necessary for GA:
- Merzbow 08:06, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
* Some of the pictures are pretty low-quality. If you can find better pictures that would improve the article.
* Please move all ref tag cites after punctuation.
section on fan demand of a WCW brand return
I beleive that there should be a short section on the fact that fans are asking for a WCW return, much like ECW. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:41, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
* I don't see any demand. ECW was different in that it was a niche organization that made its fame for hardcore wrestling. I loved WCW, but it and WWF were basically the same. Anyways, I haven't seen the demand for a WCW return and don't think it should be mentioned in the article (and it's only mentioned in the ECW article because WWE did bring it back). TJ Spyke 01:59, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
Articles_for_deletion/Pamela_Paulshock
An interviewer for WCW is now up for deletion. You are welcome to comment there. Ikip 23:50, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
has anyone checked this article for validity?
Though I expect my edit will be changed hopefully it won't. here the source for the change I made: http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wcw/wcw-in-h.html
I corrected the years of the wcw international title. It had it listed from 1994 to 1999 where as it existed from 1993 -1994. This isn't something that is rapidly changing. WCW is over so there's no reason the information listed can't be right. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:49, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
No NASCAR?
The article mentions monster trucks based on WCW but how come there are no mentions of WCW's NASCAR race cars? They had a ton of cars over the years and I think it merits mentioning in the WCW in other media section probably more so than their monster truck endeavors. TheGary (talk) 21:52, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
Jim Crockett Promotions
Shouldn't the article for Jim Crockett Promotions be merged with this one, under the WCW name? I know it was a different era, but WCW was, technically, a continuation of JCP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:27, 23 February 2017 (UTC)
* It's not the same promotion. Turner Broadcasting bought most of the assets of JCP to form WCW, but not JCP itself, which continued as a company, if only to settle debts. This included the name, which had been originally used by Georgia Championship Wrestling for the Saturday TV series beginning when TBS became a cable superstation, as well as memebership in the NWA, which still existed on paper, though there were no other active member promotions in the US. Jim Crockett Jr. stayed on to run the new company for a while, before he left while still under a no-compete clause. When that expired, JCP almost re-entered the business as a separate entity, but the 80s boom was done by then and he decided against it.
* Of note, at the time of the sale, Jim Crockett Jr was also the sitting president of the NWA, and he signed over full ownership of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to WCW. WCW actually remained a member of the NWA until 1993, and in the interim allowed other regional promotions to join, figuring they could be used as developmental territories. However, when they started to demand appearances by the world champion, as was their right as NWA territories, WCW finally left for good. In the settlement, WCW actually got full ownership of the entire World Heavyweight Championship lineage up to that point, meaning that any claims that the modern NWA title has any history before 1993 are false. That history belongs to the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, and is now actually owned by WWE. The modern NWA title history begins in 1993, with a title tournament that was won by Shane Douglas. That part, as they say, is foundational history for the ECW title. oknazevad (talk) 03:06, 22 January 2018 (UTC)
* Interesting, because all of the JCP-created championships along with the feuds and wrestlers' contracts carried over to WCW, and the championship reigns continued into WCW. That's why I see them as the same company. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:49, 28 May 2018 (UTC)
"Dubya See Dubya" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Dubya See Dubya. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 September 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 01:52, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:24, 20 October 2022 (UTC)
* NWO logo (wrestling) column.png
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WIKI
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Wireless keyboard and mouse periodically drop connection
Sometimes the green “usb” light on the front of the UD-3900 turns off and my wireless keyboard and mouse lose connection. After about 10 seconds I hear the Windows USB-connection tone and then they work again. Sometimes the connection never reestablishes and I have to restart the computer.
Microsoft wireless comfort keyboard 5050 and mouse.
USB dongle is connected to a USB extension cable plugged into the Plugable docking station.
Computer is a Dell Inspiron 15 7000 series.
Windows 10 Home 64-bit
Hi Benjamin,
Thanks for posting! I’m sorry to hear about this USB connection issue, but I’d be happy to help.
Generally, the first steps we’ll want to take is to make sure that the software used by the dock is in a good state by reinstalling the DisplayLink software and running the DisplayLink cleaner tool. To do so, please follow these steps:
1. Disconnect the dock from the system and please remove the power cable from the dock so it turns off completely (this is important so the unit resets). Please keep it disconnected until the last step
2. Uninstall any and all software with ‘DisplayLink’ in the title that is present from within the Control Panel -> Programs and Features. Don’t worry if these entries are not present or if the process does not work, just move onto the next step
3. Download, extract and run the DisplayLink cleaner tool (https://s3.amazonaws.com/plugable/bin/DisplayLink/DisplayLink+Installation+Cleaner+8.4.2368.exe)
4. Once the Cleaner has been run, reboot (even if not prompted to)
5. Now download and install the 8.5 M2 DisplayLink software (https://s3.amazonaws.com/plugable/bin/DisplayLink/DisplayLink+USB+Graphics+Software+for+Windows+8.5+M2.exe)
6. Reattach the power cable to the dock first. Once the dock is powered on, reconnect it to your system which will trigger the final portion of the installation
Please let me know if this helps at all!
Thank you,
Mitchell
Plugable Technologies
www.plugable.com/support
Hi Mitchell, I don’t have any DisplayLink software on my computer. Nothing in Program and Features and nothing in the list of running processes. Do you still recommend that I proceed with disconnecting and reconnecting the dock?
Hi Benjamin,
Yes, please follow the listed steps as written, even if the DisplayLink software does not appear as an entry.
Once you’ve completed all the steps, please let me know about any results!
Thank you,
Mitchell
Plugable Technologies
www.plugable.com/support
I installed DisplayLink, but the problem remains.
I also tired updating my keyboard and mouse drivers. I will try connecting the keyboard dongle directly to my laptop and see if that improves the connection.
Hi Benjamin,
Did connecting the keyboard wireless dongle directly to your laptop help? If so, I’d like to investigate further into your system and dock.
Could you please keep the dock connected to your computer (with the dongle attached), then navigate to our PlugDebug tool (https://plugable.com/support/plugdebug/) and follow the instructions there? This will create a ZIP file on your Desktop containing system logs and information. Please send that file to us directly at support@plugable.com with “Ticket #237627” as the subject line (do not upload it here).
Thank you!
Mitchell
Plugable Technologies
www.plugable.com/support
Yes, no problems when directly connected to the laptop. Zip file coming by email momentarily.
Ben reached out to us directly and we were able to resolve the issue by moving the dongle for the wireless mouse over to a USB 2.0 port on the back of the dock.
Doing this helps because there was likely a RF interference issue occurring as the receiver for the wireless mouse operates on the 2.4GHz frequency band. By moving to the dongle over to a USB 2.0 port, we’re moving it out of this frequency band and we’ve found that this generally helps with this interference. We have a blog post that speaks to this in more detail for those that are interested (https://plugable.com/2017/03/17/troubleshooting-wi-fi-performance-and-wireless-keyboard-mouse-issues-on-usb-docking-stations/).
Thanks!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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MYSQLOO not Creating Tables
Hello, our gamemode is supposed to automatically set up mysql tables in the init.lua using the mysqloo module. The foolowing lines of code are:
function GM:InitPostEntity()
-- CCGM tables
if not sql.TableExists("zs_players") then
sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_players` ( `player_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_name` varchar(66) NOT NULL, `steam_id` varchar(22) NOT NULL, `player_cash` int(11) default NULL, `player_title` varchar(66) default NULL, `title_style` varchar(22) default NULL, `title_color` varchar(22) default NULL, `title_size` decimal(11,0) default NULL)")
CCGM_THINK_SQL_NEXTRESYNC = 9999 -- Prevent writing blank info to the SQL, so we can resync(MySQL->Server)!
end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_achievements") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_achievements` (`achieve_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,`player_id` INT( 11 ) NOT NULL ,`achieve_type` VARCHAR( 33 ) NOT NULL ,`achieve_value` INT( 11 ) NOT NULL);") end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_exp") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_exp` ( `exp_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `playertype_id` int(4) NOT NULL, `experience` int(11) NOT NULL);") end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_inventory") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_inventory` ( `inventory_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `inventorytype_str` varchar(33) NOT NULL, `inventory_quantity` int(11) NOT NULL);") end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_levels") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_levels` ( `player_level_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `playertype_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `level` int(11) NOT NULL);") end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_upgradepoints") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_upgradepoints` ( `upgradepoint_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `playertype_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `upgrade_points` int(11) NOT NULL);") end
if not sql.TableExists("zs_player_upgrades") then sql.Query("CREATE TABLE `zs_player_upgrades` ( `upgrade_level_id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `player_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `playertype_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `upgradetype_str` varchar(33) NOT NULL, `upgrade_level` int(11) NOT NULL);") end
Please help. I can make the tables manually, but then the gamemode does not add steam and and other info into the tables like it’s coded to do. btw… this isn’t perp. I didn’t get the gamemode off DU.
Maybe you should actually use the mysqloo functions.
Example
require("mysqloo")
local DATABASE_HOST = "localhost"
local DATABASE_PORT = 3308
local DATABASE_NAME = "test"
local DATABASE_USERNAME = "root"
local DATABASE_PASSWORD = "1234"
function printQuery(query)
PrintTable(query:getData())
end
function afterConnected(database)
local query1 = database:query("SELECT ID, Name, Cost FROM test WHERE Cost > 0.50")
query1.onData = function(Q,D) print("Q1") PrintTable(D) end
query1.onSuccess = printQuery
query1.onError = function(Q,E) print("Q1") print(E) end
query1:start()
local query2 = database:query("SELECT ID, Name, Cost FROM test")
query2.onData = function(Q,D) print("Q2") PrintTable(D) end
query2.onError = function(Q,E) print("Q1") print(E) end
query2:start()
end
function connectToDatabase()
local databaseObject = mysqloo.connect(DATABASE_HOST, DATABASE_USERNAME, DATABASE_PASSWORD, DATABASE_NAME, DATABASE_PORT)
databaseObject.onConnected = afterConnected
databaseObject:connect()
end
connectToDatabase()
Usage
Basic functionality:
* mysqloo.connect - Create a new database connection
Parameters: (hostname, username, password, database, port,
unix socket, client flag)
Returns: Database object
Database object:
* Database:connect - Start connecting to the database
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Database:escape - Make text safe for queries
Parameters: (text)
Returns: Escaped string
* Database:abortAllQueries - Aborts all running queries
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Database:status - Check database status
Parameters: ()
Returns: One of:
* mysqloo.DATABASE_CONNECTED - (0) - Connected to the database.
* mysqloo.DATABASE_CONNECTING - (1) - Current is attempting to connect
* mysqloo.DATABASE_NOT_CONNECTED - (2) - Connection was not successful or has failed
* mysqloo.DATABASE_INTERNAL_ERROR - (3) - Some internal error occured
* Database:query - Query the database
Parameters: (query)
Returns: Query object
* Database:onConnected - Callback when connected successfully
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Database:onConnectionFailed - Callback when connection could not be established.
Parameters: (error_message)
Returns: Nothing
Query object:
* Query:start - Start a query running
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Query:abort - Abort a query running
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Query:getData - Get all data from a query
Parameters: ()
Returns: Table containing all the data that has been read so far
* Query:setOption - Change query options
Parameters: (Flag, set)
Flag is one of:
* mysqloo.OPTION_NUMERIC_FIELDS - (1) - Use numeric fields when presenting data [default:off]
* mysqloo.OPTION_NAMED_FIELDS - (2) - Use named fields when presenting data [default:on]
* mysqloo.OPTION_INTERPRET_DATA - (4) - Auto-convert int/float fields to int/float representation [default:on]
* mysqloo.OPTION_CACHE - (8) - Cache the data after reading it [default:on]
Returns: Nothing
* Query:status - Check query status
Parameters: ()
Returns: One of:
* mysqloo.QUERY_NOT_RUNNING - (0) - Query has not been started yet.
* mysqloo.QUERY_RUNNING - (1) - The query is executing on the database.
* mysqloo.QUERY_READING_DATA - (2) - The query has been run, and is now reading the data back.
* mysqloo.QUERY_COMPLETE - (3) - The query has completed (successfully or with an error).
* mysqloo.QUERY_ABORTED - (4) - The query has been aborted.
* Query:onData - Callback when a single row has been received
Parameters: (data_row)
Returns: Nothing
* Query:onSuccess - Callback when all data has been received
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
* Query:onFailure - Callback when an error occured
Parameters: (error_message)
Returns: Nothing
* Query:onAborted - Callback when a query was aborted
Parameters: ()
Returns: Nothing
It only uses my mysqloo to connect to the DB. the rest uses sqlite.
sqlite and MySQL are two different types of databases. You can’t expect to use mysqloo to set up a database and then use sqlite to interact with it.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Obama Repeats Call for Automatic Cuts, Taxes to Solve Republican Deadlock
President Barack Obama said the
deadlock with congressional Republicans over taxes may require
creating a mechanism he’s proposed for automatic spending cuts
and tax increases to resolve the long-term debt and deficits. “I think that what we’re going to end up having to do,
probably, is to set some targets” that would trigger deficit-
reducing measures, Obama said at a town hall meeting in
Washington today sponsored by CBS News . “That will give
incentive for us to negotiate and figure something out.” Obama outlined such a “failsafe” trigger in a speech on
the budget he gave last month in which he laid out his deficit-
cutting plan. The administration is in the midst of negotiations
with congressional Republicans on trimming the nation’s
cumulative deficit over the next 10 to 12 years. The president on April 13 proposed $4 trillion in
cumulative deficit reductions over 12 years through a
combination of spending cuts and tax increases, setting the
stage for a fight with congressional Republicans over the
nation’s priorities. Republicans have called for reducing the
deficit through spending cuts and are resisting any move that
would raise taxes. The town hall was recorded earlier and CBS released
excerpts of Obama’s remarks, which are scheduled for broadcast
tonight and tomorrow on the network’s evening news program. Obama met today with Senate Democrats on the fiscal
negotiations and plans to meet with Senate Republicans tomorrow. To contact the reporter on this story:
Roger Runningen in Washington at rrunningen@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Silva at
msilva34@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Verdin
Auriparus flaviceps
Resembling a chickadee, but not closely related, Verdins are the only member of the Auriparus genus. These birds are resident in desert regions of the southwestern USA, from California to Texas, and south to central Mexico, wherever thorny scrub vegetation is present. Perhaps no other bird is more at home in harsh environments of the American desert southwest, though the Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher might qualify near the top of the list as well.
These birds build bulky nests year round, but not just for raising babies. They also use them for shelter and protection from the extreme temperatures in the deserts where they live year round.
Modern science recognises six or seven subspecies of Verdin:
• A. f. acaciarum lives in southwestern USA (California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico) and northwestern Mexico including Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua and Durango.
• A. f. ornatus lives in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma, and in northeastern Mexico.
• A. f. flaviceps lives in Baja California, Sonora and Sinaloa (Mexico).
• *A. f. fraterculus lives in west-central Sonora south to northern Sinaloa (Mexico), but not all observers recognise it as a subspecies.
• A. f. lamprocephalus lives in southern Baja California (Mexico).
• A. f. sinaloae lives in northwestern Sinaloa (Mexico).
• A. f. hidalgensis lives in north-central Mexico.
I look forward to meeting these ambassadors of the desert when I find myself in their habitat. Like the chickadees they resemble, they seem to take their neighborhood watch seriously. Ever curious to see who’s around, they often put all their neighbors on notice that interlopers are about. At the Boyce Thompson Arboretum in central Arizona, I observed a Verdin feasting on the sap of a Honey Mesquite tree that a Red-Naped Sapsucker had opened up, adding yet another behaviour I hadn’t expected.
Click map markers to reveal further information
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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EU Talent Day
EU Talent Day is an observance of the European Union on Béla Bartók's birthday who was a well-known composer in and outside of Europe.
History
The first European TalentDay was held on April 9, 2011. This coincided with the Hungarian EU Presidential Conference on Talent Support, held in Budapest on April 7–9, 2011. Conference delegates proposed March 25, birthday of Béla Bartók, as EU TalentDay. This event, written on the first EU TalentDay, includes the following points about the purpose of talent development in the European Union and of EU TalentDay:
* Talent development has beneficial effects on the economies of individual nations, and of the European Union as a whole.
* Talent support programmes may boost the self-esteem and social success of talented people.
* Talent support is becoming important in the social-economic progress of underprivileged people groups.
* Effective networking of groups facilitating talent development, as is now happening in Hungary, will be even more beneficial once extended across Europe.
* EU TalentDay can help to focus the attention of stakeholders and the European general public, and seeks recognition of talents support benefits and of best practices by the European Commission, the European Council and the European Parliament.
It is observed on March 25.
Libre art Festival
The first EU Talent Day Libre art Festival was held in March, 2018 in Budapest organized by Attila Szervác: libre art composer, LEVEGRU Company, 4'34" Camerata and other groups.
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WIKI
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Page:Oh Well You Know How Women Are - Isn't That Just Like a Man.djvu/17
try, I don't anticipate that the Republic will go upon the shoals immediately after women begin voting and campaigning and running for office. At the helm of the ship of state we've put some pretty sad steersman from time to time. Better the hand that rocks the cradle than the hand that rocks the boat. We men have let slip nearly all of the personal liberties for which our fathers fought and bled that is to say, fought the Britishers and bled the Injuns. Ever since the Civil War we have been so dummed busy telling the rest of the world how free we were that we failed to safeguard that freedom of which we boasted. "We commiserate the Englishman because he chooses to live under an hereditary president called a king, while we are amply content to go on living under an elected king called a president. We cannot understand why he, a free citizen of the free-est country on earth, insists on calling himself a subject; but we are reconciled to the fiction of proclaiming ourselves citizens, while each day, more and more, we are becoming subjects the subjects of sumptuary legislation, the subjects of statutes framed by bigoted or frightened lawgivers, the subjects of arbitrary mandates and of arbitrary decrees, the subjects, the abject, cringing subjects, of the servant classes,
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WIKI
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EPH receptor A3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
EPHA3
Protein EPHA3 PDB 2gsf.png
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesEPHA3, Epha3, AW492086, Cek4, ETK1, End3, Hek, Hek4, Mek4, Tyro4, EK4, ETK, EPH receptor A3, HEK, HEK4, TYRO4
External IDsMGI: 99612 HomoloGene: 21083 GeneCards: EPHA3
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 3 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 3 (human)[1]
Chromosome 3 (human)
Genomic location for EPHA3
Genomic location for EPHA3
Band3p11.1Start89,107,621 bp[1]
End89,482,134 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE EPHA3 206071 s at fs.png
PBB GE EPHA3 206070 s at fs.png
PBB GE EPHA3 gnf1h09694 s at fs.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_005233
NM_182644
NM_010140
NM_001362452
RefSeq (protein)
NP_005224
NP_872585
NP_034270
NP_001349381
Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 89.11 – 89.48 MbChr 16: 63.54 – 63.86 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
EPH receptor A3 (ephrin type-A receptor 3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA3 gene.[5][6][7]
Function[edit]
This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.[7]
Interactions[edit]
EPH receptor A3 has been shown to interact with EFNB2[8][9] and EFNA5.[9][10]
References[edit]
1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000044524 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052504 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
5. ^ Boyd AW, Ward LD, Wicks IP, Simpson RJ, Salvaris E, Wilks A, Welch K, Loudovaris M, Rockman S, Busmanis I (March 1992). "Isolation and characterization of a novel receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase (hek) from a human pre-B cell line". J Biol Chem. 267 (5): 3262–7. PMID 1737782.
6. ^ Wicks IP, Wilkinson D, Salvaris E, Boyd AW (April 1992). "Molecular cloning of HEK, the gene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by human lymphoid tumor cell lines". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (5): 1611–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1611. PMC 48502. PMID 1311845.
7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: EPHA3 EPH receptor A3".
8. ^ Cerretti DP, Vanden Bos T, Nelson N, Kozlosky CJ, Reddy P, Maraskovsky E, Park LS, Lyman SD, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ (November 1995). "Isolation of LERK-5: a ligand of the eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases". Mol. Immunol. 32 (16): 1197–205. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(95)00108-5. PMID 8559144.
9. ^ a b Lackmann M, Mann RJ, Kravets L, Smith FM, Bucci TA, Maxwell KF, Howlett GJ, Olsson JE, Vanden Bos T, Cerretti DP, Boyd AW (June 1997). "Ligand for EPH-related kinase (LERK) 7 is the preferred high affinity ligand for the HEK receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (26): 16521–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16521. PMID 9195962.
10. ^ Kozlosky CJ, VandenBos T, Park L, Cerretti DP, Carpenter MK (August 1997). "LERK-7: a ligand of the Eph-related kinases is developmentally regulated in the brain". Cytokine. 9 (8): 540–9. doi:10.1006/cyto.1997.0199. PMID 9245480.
Further reading[edit]
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Joseph P. LASALA and Fred S. Zeidman, as Co-Trustees of the Aremissoft Corporation Liquidating Trust, Plaintiffs, v. BORDIER ET CIE and Dominick Company, AG, Defendants.
Civl Action No. 05-4520 (JAP).
United States District Court, D. New Jersey.
Sept. 11, 2006.
Hal M. Hirsch, Esq., David Jay, Esq., Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Florham Park, NJ, for Plaintiffs.
William B. McGuire, Esq., Tompkins, McGuire, Wachenfeld & Barry, LLP, Newark, NJ, Elliot Cohen, Esq., Troutman Sanders LLP, New York City, for Bordier et Cie.
Anthony J. Laura, Esq., Paul J. Bsehorr, Esq., John J. Zefutie, Jr., Esq., Reed Smith LLP, Newark, NJ, for Dominick Company, AG.
OPINION
PISANO, District Judge.
Plaintiffs, Joseph P. LaSala and Fred S. Zeidman, Co-Trustees (the “Trustees”) of the AremisSoft Corporation Liquidating Trust (the “Trust”), brought the instant lawsuit against Defendants, Bordier et CIE (“Bordier”) and Dominick Company, AG (“Dominick”), two private Swiss banks, on September 15, 2005. Plaintiffs claim that Defendants aided and abetted the breach of fiduciary duty by former AremisSoft principals, Lycourgos Kyprianou and Roys Poyiadjis and that Defendants violated Swiss money laundering laws. Defendants have filed respective motions to dismiss this action as preempted by the provisions of the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (“SLUSA”), 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l), in light of the United States Supreme Court’s recent decision in Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit, — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006). They bring the instant motions pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(h)(3). For the following reasons, the Court finds that SLUSA mandates dismissal of this case.
I. Factual and Procedural History
AremisSoft was a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in New Jersey. On March 15, 2002, AremisSoft filed for bankruptcy pursuant to Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq. Subsequent to the bankruptcy filing, the Court created the Trust. The Trust is a Delaware Trust formed pursuant to three orders issued by the Court in connection with the settlement of the underlying securities fraud class action lawsuit involving AremisSoft, In re AremisSoft Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 01-2486(JAP) and the First Amended Plan of Reorganization of AremisSoft, In re AremisSoft Corp., No. 02-1336(JAP). Both the class action settlement and reorganization plan were approved by the Court.
Any and all claims arising out of the purchase or sale of AremisSoft securities from April 22, 1999 through July 27, 2001 and all of AremisSoft’s claims arising pre-bankruptcy were assigned to and for the benefit of the Trust. The Court appointed Plaintiffs Joseph P. LaSala and Fred S. Zeidman to act as Trustees of the Trust. Plaintiffs bring the instant lawsuit in that capacity.
Plaintiffs claim that from 1998 through 2001, two former AremisSoft principals, Lycourgos Kyprianou and Roys Poyiadjis issued various false and misleading public statements and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) which essentially made AremisSoft appear more profitable and successful that it was in reality. These misrepresentations allegedly caused the market price of AremisSoft stock to be artificially inflated. Plaintiffs claim that Kyprianou and Poyiadjis sold their AremisSoft stock at the purportedly inflated prices and by doing so, engaged in illegal insider trading by reaping large profits at the expense of the investing public. By the time the truth about Arem-isSoft’s financial condition was revealed, the price of the company’s publicly held shares fell dramatically. Accordingly, the public investors who purchased the shares at the allegedly inflated prices, approximately 6,000 persons, suffered loss, which, according to Plaintiffs, is estimated at $500 million.
Plaintiffs allege that Defendants Bordier and Dominick, private Swiss banks, substantially assisted Kyprianou and Poyiadjis in concealing this alleged fraud. According to Plaintiffs, Kyprianou and Poyiadjis employed numerous entities with accounts at Bordier and Dominick to hold and sell their AremisSoft stock. Further, Kypria-nou and Poyiadjis allegedly funneled millions of dollars of their proceeds from their AremisSoft stock sales through the accounts at Bordier and Dominick. In addition, Plaintiffs claim that Kyprianou and Poyiadjis used accounts at Bordier and Dominick to substantiate sham corporate transactions that they created in an effort to disguise their fraud.
Specifically, Plaintiffs’ claim that in assisting the activities of Kyprianou and Poy-iadjis, Defendants Bordier and Dominick (1) aided and abetted the breaches of fiduciary duty to AremisSoft shareholders committed by Kyprianou and Poyiadjis; and (2) violated Articles 305ter and 305bis of the Swiss Federal Code of Criminal Law and various provisions of the Swiss Money Laundering Act.
Defendants have filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1) and 12(h)(3). They claim that Plaintiffs’ claims are preempted by SLUSA.
II. Legal Discussion
A. History of SLUSA
Congress enacted the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (“PSLRA”), codified in part at 15 U.S.C. §§ 77z-1 and 78u-4, in 1995 in response to a perceived harm to securities markets from frivolous private federal securities class action lawsuits. See, e.g., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit, — U.S. -, - - -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 1510-11, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006); Rowinski v. Salomon Smith Barney Inc., 398 F.3d 294, 298 (3d Cir.2005). The PSLRA provided more stringent procedural and substantive requirements on such lawsuits. See, e.g., Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1511; Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 298. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of the PSLRA was that plaintiffs began avoiding federal courts altogether. See, e.g., Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1511; Golub v. Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co., 379 F.Supp.2d 639, 642 (D.Del.2005). Instead, they increasingly brought suit under state law, often in state courts. See, e.g., Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1511; Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 298.
In response to the loophole left open by the PSLRA, Congress enacted SLUSA, which essentially designates federal courts as the exclusive venue for class action securities litigation. See Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 298-99 (stating that SLUSA attempts “to prevent certain State private securities class action lawsuits alleging fraud from being used to frustrate the objectives” of the PSLRA); Golub, 379 F.Supp.2d at 642 (“To close this ‘loophole’, Congress enacted SLUSA, which designates the federal courts as the exclusive venue for nearly all such claims.”).
SLUSA achieves this objective by authorizing the removal and federal preemption of certain state law securities class actions brought in state court. See Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 298. SLUSA preemption applies where (1) the matter is a “covered class action”; (2) based on the statutory or common law of any State; (3) alleging a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact or act of deception; (4) in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security. See, e.g., 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(1); Golub, 379 F.Supp.2d at 642. The definitions of these terms, some of which are in dispute, are explained below.
Although courts, including the Supreme Court in Dabit, speak in terms of “SLUSA preemption,” SLUSA does not technically preempt state law causes of action. Instead, it “denies plaintiffs the right to use the class action device to vindicate certain claims.” Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1514. The effect of SLUSA is to require securities claims to be brought in federal court pursuant to the federal securities laws, such as SEC Rule 10b-5, 17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5, promulgated pursuant to section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1984, 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b). Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 prohibit deception, misrepresentation, and fraud “in connection with the purchase or sale of any security.” See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1509. Such claims would be subject to the heightened substantive and procedural standards set forth by the PSLRA. The alternative for potential plaintiffs is to bring state law claims individually or as part of a lawsuit not falling under SLUSA’s definition of “covered class action.” See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1514.
B. The Supreme Court’s Decision in Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit, — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006).
The United States Supreme Court recently handed down a significant decision in the SLUSA context. In Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit, — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006), the Court was faced with the issue of whether SLUSA preempted state law class action claims, in this case, under Oklahoma law, which a holder-plaintiff lacked standing to bring pursuant to section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 under the Court’s previous holding in Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723, 95 S.Ct. 1917, 44 L.Ed.2d 539 (1975). In Blue Chip Stamps, the Supreme Court held that the private right of action under Rule 10b-5 is limited to purchasers and sellers of securities, and thus, does not extend to mere holders. See Blue Chip Stamps, 421 U.S. at 731-33, 749, 95 S.Ct. 1917. Accordingly, holders of securities lacked standing to bring claims under Rule 10b-5. The Court found that this rule would help curb the special risk of vexatious litigation posed by securities holders. See id. at 739, 95 S.Ct. 1917.
The Dabit Court took a broad view of SLUSA and found that even though the plaintiffs lacked the requisite standing to bring a federal securities claim due to their status as holders, as opposed to purchasers or sellers of securities, their state law class action claims were still subject to dismissal under SLUSA. See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1512-15. The Court reached this conclusion by finding that the SLUSA requirement that the fraud be “in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security” mirrored the requirement as stated in Rule 10b-5. See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1513; see also Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 299 (“This language [a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security] mirrors existing federal securities law under § 10(b) and Rule 10b-5.”). The Court found that in Blue Chip Stamps, by holding that the private right of action under Rule 10b-5 was limited to purchasers and sellers of securities, the Court was not defining the phrase “in connection with the purchase or sale” under Rule 10b-5. See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1512. Instead, the Court was defining the scope of a private right of action under Rule 10b-5 based on policy considerations. See id.
The Dabit Court stated that when the Court has previously given meaning to the phrase “in connection with the purchase or sale” pursuant to Rule 10b-5, it has interpreted such language as requiring only that the fraud “ ‘coincide' with a securities transaction&emdash;whether by the plaintiff or by someone else.” Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1513 (citing United States v. O’Hagan, 521 U.S. 642, 651, 117 S.Ct. 2199, 138 L.Ed.2d 724 (1997)). The Court therefore concluded that the requisite showing for SLUSA preemption is “deception ‘in connection with the purchase or sale of any security,’ not deception of an identifiable purchaser or seller.” Id. (citing O’Hagan, 521 U.S. at 658, 117 S.Ct. 2199). Accordingly, in Da-bit, the Court held that the state law holder class action claims were preempted by SLUSA, despite the fact that the class members lacked standing to bring Rule 10b-5 claims. In so holding, the Court emphasized that “the magnitude of the federal interest in protecting the integrity and efficient operation of the market for nationally traded securities cannot be overstated.” Id. at 1509.
In this case, there is no Blue Chip Stamps problem. Presumably, since Plaintiffs represent a class of purchasers and sellers of AremisSoft stock and not a class of holders, Plaintiffs would have standing to pursue Rule 10b-5 claims against Defendants if they desired to do so. However, Plaintiffs in this case lack a federal securities remedy for a different reason. Plaintiffs presumably have not brought Rule 10b-5 claims against Bordier and Dominick because to do so, they would need to show that these Defendants made fraudulent misrepresentations or omissions which harmed Plaintiffs. See, e.g., Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., 511 U.S. 164, 177-78, 114 S.Ct. 1439, 128 L.Ed.2d 119 (1994); In re Tyson Foods, Inc., No. 01-425-SLR, 2004 WL 1396269, at *8 (D.Del. June 17, 2004) (holding that corporate principals were not liable under section 10(b) because they did not make or substantially participate in any misrepresentations or omissions). In this case, it was Kyprianou and Poyiadjis, not Bordier and Dominick, who actually made the purported misrepresentations. Thus, to the extent that anyone violated section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 under the circumstances of this matter, it was Kyprianou and Poyiadjis, not Bordier and Dominick.
Plaintiffs were prohibited from bringing claims against Bordier and Dominick for aiding and abetting these violations of section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 pursuant to the Supreme Court’s decision in Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., 511 U.S. 164, 114 S.Ct. 1439, 128 L.Ed.2d 119 (1994), in which the Court held that private plaintiffs could not bring aiding and abetting claims under section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5. See Central Bank, 114 S.Ct. at 1455.
Thus, Plaintiffs instead bring state law claims against Defendants for aiding and abetting Kyprianou and Poyiadjis’ breach of fiduciary duty. Further, Plaintiffs alleged that Defendants violated Swiss money laundering laws. The basis for the Swiss law claims is essentially that Defendants knew that the transactions performed in the accounts in question at Defendants’ banks bore all of the hallmarks of classic money laundering. Specifically, Plaintiffs claim that Defendants knew that the assets in the accounts did not belong to the entities whose names were on the accounts. According to Plaintiffs, Defendants violated their duties under Swiss money laundering laws to investigate these transactions given these red flags.
C. Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss
The instant motion to dismiss pursuant to SLUSA raises the following issues which will be discussed below:
(1) whether this action, brought by the Trustees on behalf of a class Aremis-Soft investors is a “covered class action” pursuant to SLUSA;
(2) whether SLUSA preempts claims where Plaintiffs allege that third parties, as opposed to Defendants, made misrepresentations and omissions of material fact;
(3) whether Plaintiffs’ claims that Defendants violated Swiss law are preempted by SLUSA; and
(4) whether the Plaintiffs bring any claims on behalf of the debtor-corporation, AremisSoft, itself and if so, whether those claims are preempted by SLUSA.
1. Covered Class Action
The first issue is whether this action, brought by the Trustees on behalf of a class of AremisSoft investors is a “covered class action” pursuant to SLUSA. A “covered class action” is essentially a lawsuit where damages are sought on behalf of more than fifty people or prospective class members. See 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(5)(B). The statute does not limit “covered class actions” to those traditionally brought pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 23. Compare 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(5)(B)(i)(I) with § 78bb(f)(5)(B)(i)(II). The statute further provides that an entity will be considered “one person” under SLUSA (and thus, its claims will not be preempted) if the “entity is not established for the purpose of participating in the action.” 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(5)(B), (D).
Plaintiffs argue that this is not a covered class action because the Trust, as represented by the Trustees, was not “established for the purpose of participating in the action.” Instead, according to Plaintiffs, the Trust is a bankruptcy trust that was created for multiple purposes and certainly not created to participate in the particular action at hand. The case law illustrates that while a traditional bankruptcy trustee constitutes “one person” under SLUSA and thus, its claims are not subject to preemption, see Golub, 379 F.Supp.2d at 643 n. 4 (citing S.Rep. No. 105-182 at 8 (May 4, 1998)), a trustee formed for the primary purpose of litigating causes of action does not constitute “one person” and thus, its claims may be preempted under SLUSA, see Smith v. Arthur Andersen LLP, 421 F.3d 989, 1007-08 (9 th Cir.2005); Cape Ann Investors LLC v. Lepone, 296 F.Supp.2d 4, 10 (D.Mass.2003).
This distinction is evidenced by the courts’ respective holdings in Cape Ann and Smith. In Cape Ann, the District of Massachusetts found that a trust created by a bankruptcy court whose primary purpose was prosecuting causes of action for the benefit of certain shareholders who assigned their claims to the trust was not “one person” under SLUSA and thus, its claims were subject to preemption. See Cape Ann, 296 F.Supp.2d at 10. In particular, the agreement which formed the trust in Cape Ann provided that the trust was formed for the primary purpose of “prosecuting the Causes of Action contributed to it ... and distributing to the [Electing Shareholders] the assets of the Trust....”. Id. Accordingly, the Cape Ann court found that the trust was similar to a shareholder class representative. See id.
The Cape Ann court explicitly rejected the argument that Plaintiffs make in this case, namely, that the trust must be formed for the purpose of pursuing the particular action at hand to trigger SLU-SA preemption. See id. The court stated that this argument “makes no sense conceptually or legally.” Id. The Court agrees with this finding. Logically, a trust formed for the primary purpose of litigating causes of action which subsequently brings such a cause of action must be considered a trust formed for the primary purpose of “participating in the action” under SLUSA. Contrary to Plaintiffs’ assertions, this interpretation is therefore consistent with the plain meaning of SLU-SA. Plaintiffs provide no case law which supports their limited reading of SLUSA in this context.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed with the central premise of Cape Ann in Smith. In Smith, a trustee was appointed pursuant to Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. See Smith, 421 F.3d at 995-96. Under the debtor’s plan, which appointed the trustee, the trustee was appointed to act “as the Estates’ representative for all purposes (emphasis added)” such as managing assets, prosecuting and settling claims, administering disputed claim reserve, and making distributions pursuant to the terms of the debtor’s plan. See id. at 1008. The Smith trust did not receive assignments of claims from shareholders and instead, pursued claims if at all on behalf of the bankruptcy estate itself. See id. at 996 (“the Trustee was appointed as the representative of the bankruptcy estates”).
The Smith court agreed with Cape Ann that a trustee formed for the primary purpose of pursuing causes of action is not “one person” pursuant to SLUSA and thus, its claims would be subject to preemption. See id. at 1007 (“However, one district court has suggested that an entity is not one person if its ‘primary purpose’ is to pursue causes of action .... We adopt this sensible definition.” (citing Cape Ann, 296 F.Supp.2d. at 10)). However, the Court in Smith found that the Chapter 11 trustee qualified as “one person” under SLUSA because it was explicitly formed for all purposes, not for the primary purpose of pursuing causes of action. See id. at 1008.
Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that the instant action is a “covered class action” under SLUSA. The Liquidating Trust Agreement approved by the Court which created the Trust that Plaintiffs act as Trustees of, explicitly states the following in section 1.3:
Purpose of the Trust. The Trust is organized for the primary purpose of litigating the Trust Claims, distributing the proceeds of the Trust Claims and the Proceed Assets to the Class Members and liquidating its assets for the benefit of the Class Members ....
See Liquidating Trust Agreement § 1.3. This language is similar to the language in the agreement which created the Cape Ann trust:
Purposes of the Trust. The Trust is established for the primary purposes of prosecuting the Causes of Action contributed to it ... collecting and reducing to cash the Trust Assets, determining and satisfying any and all liabilities (if any) created, incurred, or assumed by the Trust and distributing to the Class 6 beneficiaries the net cash proceeds remaining after payment of all claims against or assumed by the Trust....
See Nutramax Litigation Trust Agreement § 3.1.
Thus, contrary to Plaintiffs’ assertions that the instant Trust is distinguishable from the Cape Ann trust because the Cape Ann trust was formed for the sole purpose of litigation, these two trusts appear to have been formed for very similar purposes, the primary purpose of which was to pursue causes of action after receiving assignments of claims from individual shareholder beneficiaries. Accordingly, the Trust is distinguishable from the Smith trust which had standing to bring claims only on behalf of the bankruptcy estate. The bankruptcy trustee in Smith did not receive an assignment of claims from a class of shareholders pursuant to a class action settlement as in the instant case and in Cape Ann. Instead, the Smith trust was formed to be the bankruptcy estate’s representative for all purposes. Therefore, by the terms of its creation, the Trust, like the Cape Ann trust, functions more like a shareholder class representative than a traditional bankruptcy trustee, pursuing this litigation on behalf of a class of approximately 6,000 persons.
Accordingly, the Court finds that the Trust, represented by the Trustee, was formed for the primary purpose of litigating causes of action and thus, does not constitute “one person” pursuant to SLU-SA. Therefore, this is a covered class action pursuant to SLUSA and Plaintiffs’ claims are subject to preemption.
2. Misrepresentations and Omissions
The Court must next determine whether SLUSA preempts claims where Plaintiffs’ allege that third parties, as opposed to Defendants, made misrepresentations and omissions of material fact. It is clear from Plaintiffs’ complaint that if anyone involved in the fraudulent conduct alleged made misrepresentations or omissions of material fact as to AremisSoft’s profitability and viability, it was Kyprianou and Poyiadjis. Plaintiffs’ complaint is replete with allegations that Kyprianou and Poyiadjis made misrepresentations or omissions of material fact which purportedly injured AremisSoft investors.
However, it is undisputed that Plaintiffs fail to allege that Defendants Bordier and Dominick made any misrepresentations or omissions of material fact and Plaintiffs did not bring a Rule 10b-5 claim against Defendants as primary violators. Further, as discussed above, Plaintiffs could not bring claims against Defendants for aiding and abetting a violation of section 10(b) by Kyprianou and Poyiadjis pursuant to the Supreme Court’s decision in Central Bank. In Central Bank, the Court held that private plaintiffs were prohibited from bringing aiding and abetting claims under section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5. See Central Bank, 114 S.Ct. at 1455. Thus, the Court must consider whether SLUSA preempts state law aiding and abetting claims, where a third party, as opposed to the defendant, purportedly made actionable misrepresentations or omissions, even though a plaintiff has no federal securities remedy for such claims under Central Bank.
At the heart of this inquiry is whether, as Defendants suggest, the Court should interpret the Supreme Court’s holding in Dabit broadly for the proposition that SLUSA preemption applies even where a plaintiff has no federal remedy. According to Defendants, SLUSA preemption applies to state law claims where a Plaintiff is unable to bring a federal securities claim pursuant to the Supreme Court’s holding in Central Bank. Plaintiffs ask the Court to read Dabit narrowly as holding that class action claims meeting the requirements of SLUSA must be preempted where the plaintiffs lack standing to bring a federal securities claim under Blue Chip Stamps. However, according to Plaintiffs, since there is no Blue Chip Stamps standing problem in this case, which indisputably involves purchasers of AremisSoft securities, Dabit does not apply. The Court agrees with Defendant’s broad interpretation of Dabit.
First, a narrow reading of Dabit would run afoul of the Supreme Court’s express language and directives in Dabit. As discussed above, the Supreme Court in Dabit emphasized that “the magnitude of the federal interest in protecting the integrity and efficient operation of the market for nationally traded securities cannot be overstated” and that “federal law, not state law, has long been the principal vehicle for asserting class-action securities fraud claims.” Id. at 1509, 1514; see also Kircher v. Putnam Funds Trust, 403 F.3d 478, 484 (7th Cir.2005) (stating that SLUSA’s “preemptive effect is not confined to knocking out state-law claims by investors who have winning federal claims.... It covers both good and bad securities claims — especially bad ones”); In re WorldCom, Inc. Sec. Litig., 308 F.Supp.2d 236, 242 (S.D.N.Y.2004) (“[SLUSA’s] findings and legislative history reflect Congress’ clear purpose to provide for exclusive federal jurisdiction over a broad range of securities class actions.... Congress specifically directed the courts to interpret SLUSA in an expansive fashion.”).
The Court further emphasized that “a narrow reading of the statute would undercut the effectiveness of the [PSLRA] and thus run contrary to SLUSA’s stated purpose.” See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1513. In fact, the premise of the Supreme Court’s holding in Dabit was that to establish that a misrepresentation or omission was made “in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security,” it is enough that the fraud alleged “ ‘coincide ’ with a securities transaction — whether by the plaintiff or someone else.” Id. at 1513 (emphasis added) (citations omitted). It would be illogical for this Court to therefore take a narrow view of SLUSA’s requirement that the covered class action allege misrepresentations or omissions of a material fact. In fact, the Supreme Court’s discussion of the expansive reach of SLUSA preemption is in line with Congress’ purpose in enacting SLUSA. S.Rep. No. 105-182, at 8 (1998) (“it remains the Committee’s intent that the bill be interpreted broadly to reach mass actions and all other procedural devices that might be used to circumvent the class action definition”). A narrow reading of the Court’s Dabit decision would thus run afoul of this express language.
Second, the plain meaning of SLUSA supports Defendants’ argument that SLU-SA preemption applies when a third party-makes the misrepresentations or omissions of fact at issue. The statute reads that no covered class action may be maintained by a private party alleging “(A) a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security; or (B) that the defendant used or employed any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security.” 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l)(B) (emphasis added). Thus, Congress explicitly inserted the words “that the defendant” into sub-section (B), but not into sub-section (A), which is at issue here. If Congress wanted to exempt from SLUSA preemption situations where a third party aided and abetted a misrepresentation by a primary violator, Congress would have worded sub-section (A) to state that SLUSA preemption applies where “the defendant made a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security.” Congress did not do so. Instead, as discussed above, by not expressly limiting SLUSA’s reach to situations where the defendant made the misrepresentations and omissions at issue, Congress presumably intended for SLUSA to preempt aiding and abetting claims that are otherwise barred by Central Bank.
It appears that Congress’s failure to expressly limit SLUSA preemption to misrepresentations and omissions made by the defendant was not an oversight, but an intentional omission. SLUSA was enacted after the Supreme Court decided Central Bank. The Central Bank decision, which was a significant event in the securities law field, was undoubtedly known to Congress at the time SLUSA was enacted. Thus, Congress presumably knew that its failure to explicitly limit SLUSA’s scope to claims where the defendant made a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact would result in a preemption of claims for which no federal securities remedy existed under Central Bank. In fact, at congressional hearings prior to the enactment of SLUSA, a SLUSA opponent expressed concern that SLUSA would preempt and bar state law aiding and abetting claims. See Statement of Congressmen Bart Stupak, 105th Congress, 2nd Session, 144 Cong. Rec. H. 6052-03, 6056 (July 21, 1998), available at 1998 WL 406140 (“If this legislation passes, it will overrule, do away, with the aiding and abetting statutes in 49 states”).
Furthermore, Plaintiffs cite to no case where a court has held that for SLUSA preemption to apply, the misrepresentations or omission at issue must be made by the defendant. Instead, all of the cases Plaintiffs cite to in support of their argument involve situations where plaintiff either failed to allege any misrepresentations or omissions; alleged only misrepresentations and omissions by the defendant or defendants at issue (and thus, not by third parties); or brought holder claims similar to those brought in Dabit. See Disher v. Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 419 F.3d 649, 654-55 (7th Cir.2005) (analyzing whether SLUSA preempted plaintiffs holder claims and concluding that SLUSA preemption applied); Dabit v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 395 F.3d 25, 44 (2d Cir.2005) (discussing whether holder claims are preempted by SLUSA and ultimately concluding that such claims are not preempted), rev’d — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006); Riley v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 292 F.3d 1334, 1345 (11th Cir.2002) (discussing whether SLUSA preempted claims of plaintiffs who purchased and held covered securities and holding that SLUSA preempts such claims); Green v. Ameritrade, Inc., 279 F.3d 590, 597-99 (8th Cir.2002) (refusing to consider whether plaintiffs complaint alleged a misrepresentation and instead, basing its holding that SLUSA does not preempt breach of contract claim on plaintiffs failure to plead a purchase or sale in reliance on a misrepresentation); Paru v. Mutual of Am. Life Ins. Co., No. 04-6907, 2006 WL 1292828, at *3-4 (S.D.N.Y. May 11, 2006) (remanding case for lack of SLUSA preemption where complaint did not allege any misrepresentations or omissions and instead, merely alleged that defendant allowed market timing to occur within investment vehicle); MDCM Holdings, Inc. v. Credit Suisse First Boston Corp., 216 F.Supp.2d 251, 257 (S.D.N.Y.2002) (holding that SLUSA did not preempt breach of contract claim because claim did not involve any material misrepresentations or omissions). Thus, these cases do not deal with the instant situation, where the plaintiff seeks to hold a defendant liable for aiding and abetting the misrepresentations and omissions made by third parties.
The only case cited by either party which seemingly addresses this issue appears to be the Eighth Circuit’s decision in Prof'l Mgmt. Assoc., Inc. Employees’ Profit Sharing Plan v. KPMG, LLP, 335 F.3d 800 (8th Cir.2003), in which the Eighth Circuit found that the plaintiffs claims against the defendant were preempted by SLUSA. KPMG, 335 F.3d at 802. In so holding, the court determined that the defendant, KMPG, had aided and abetted a third party, Green Tree Financial Corporation (“Green Tree”), in making misrepresentations and omissions about Green Tree’s financial condition and that KPMG made its own material false statements and omissions in its audit reports on Green Tree’s financial statements. See id. at 802. The court emphasized that SLUSA applied because “[plaintiffs] complaint implicitly alleges that misrepresentations and omissions were made in connection with the purchase of securities .... ” (emphasis added). Id.
While the decision in KPMG is distinguishable from the instant case because here, Plaintiffs do not allege that Bordier and Dominick made any misrepresentations or omissions of their own, the Eighth Circuit’s decision provides pertinent guidance to the Court. In KPMG, the Court determined that SLUSA preemption applied to the plaintiffs aiding and abetting claims against KPMG because the plaintiff implicitly alleged misrepresentations or omissions in connection with the purchase of securities. See id. at 802; see also In re Franklin Mutual Funds Fee Litigation, 388 F.Supp.2d 451, 471-73 (D.N.J.2005) (stating that plaintiffs aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty claims would be preempted under SLUSA because the claims were “based, in part, on material misrepresentations and/or omissions conveyed to the public”)
This decision is in line with language used by the Third Circuit in Rowinski, where the Court found that the plaintiffs breach of contract claim was subject to SLUSA preemption because although a misrepresentation was not an essential element of a breach of contract claim, “[w]here as here, allegations of a material misrepresentation serve as the factual predicate of a state law claim, the misrepresentation prong is satisfied under SLU-SA.” Rowinski 398 F.3d at 300 (emphasis added). In this case, allegations of misrepresentations by Kyprianou and Poyiad-jis serve as the factual predicate of Plaintiffs’ claims against Bordier and Dominick.
Therefore, the Court holds that based on the reasoning of the Supreme Court in Dabit, the plain meaning of SLUSA, and the Third and Eighth Circuits’ guidance on this issue, and in the absence of any case law providing contrary interpretations of SLUSA, Dabit may be read broadly to prohibit not only claims that plaintiffs are prohibited from pursuing under the federal securities laws under Blue Chip Stamps, but also claims that plaintiffs are prohibited from pursuing under the federal securities laws under Central Bank. Accordingly, Plaintiffs’ claims against Bordier and Dominick, which are based on misrepresentations or omissions of material fact made by Kyprianou and Poyiadjis, are subject to SLUSA preemption.
3. Swiss Law Claims
Plaintiffs next argue that their claims against Bordier and Dominick pursuant to Swiss law are not subject to SLUSA preemption because such claims are not “based upon the statutory or common law of any State.” Plaintiffs are correct that the plain language of SLUSA does not include express language preempting foreign laws but instead, states that for preemption to apply, the covered class action must be “based upon the statutory or common law of any State.” See 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l)- Further, Plaintiffs are also correct that pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, which in addition to the Securities Act of 1933 was amended by SLUSA, see, e.g., Smith, 421 F.3d at 1007, a “State” is defined as “any State of the United States, District of Columbia, Puer-to Rico, the Virgin Islands, or any other possession of the United States.” 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(16).
However, Defendants correctly argue that preemption of foreign laws would be consistent with SLUSA’s expansive scope as discussed above. It is seemingly illogical to this Court that Congress would enact such a sweeping preemption provision like SLUSA and not intend for it to preempt claims based on foreign law. However, there does not appear to be any case law governing this issue. The only case that Defendants put forth is Kingdom 5-KR-41 Ltd. v. Star Cruises PLC, No. 01-2946, 2004 WL 444554, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3527 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 10, 2004). This case is not helpful, however, because the parties agreed that foreign law, namely, Norwegian law, is “state law” for purposes of SLUSA. See Kindgom, 2004 WL 444554, at *3 n. 8, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3527, at *11 n. 8. Absent any authority on this issue, and because other grounds exist for resolving this claim, the Court declines to adjudicate the issue of whether SLUSA preempts foreign law claims.
The Court holds, however, that SLUSA does preempt Plaintiffs’ Swiss law claims for the following reasons. First, the Third Circuit has indicated that SLU-SA preempts actions, not claims. In Row-inski, the Third Circuit stated:
As an initial matter, we question whether preemption of certain counts and remand of others is consistent with the plain meaning of SLUSA. The statute does not preempt particular “claims” or “counts” but rather preempts “actions,” 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l), suggesting that if any claims alleged in a covered class action are preempted, the entire action must be dismissed.
Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 305. But see Dabit, 395 F.3d at 47, rev’d on other grounds, — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006); see also Cape Ann, 296 F.Supp.2d at 12-13 & n. 7 (holding the SLUSA preempts claims, not entire causes of action which include a preempted claim). Thus, since Plaintiffs’ aiding and abetting action against Defendants is preempted, Plaintiffs’ Swiss law claims would also be preempted.
The Third Circuit in Rowinski, however, did not rest its holding on its observation that SLUSA preempts actions as opposed to claims. Instead, the court stated that “because plaintiff has incorporated every allegation into every count in his complaint,” SLUSA applies to “each of plaintiffs counts.” Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 305; see also KPMG, 335 F.3d at 803 (holding that SLUSA preempts negligence claims because “[plaintiffs] allegations regarding [defendant’s] misrepresentations and omissions are incorporated by reference in the negligence count”); Prager v. Knight/Trimark Group, Inc., 124 F.Supp.2d 229, 235 (D.N.J.2000) (holding that all of plaintiffs claims were preempted by SLUSA where allegations of defendant’s misrepresentations and fraudulent conduct are incorporated by reference in each cause of action in plaintiffs complaint).
Although Rowinski, and the other cases cited above, did not involve the issue of SLUSA’s applicability to foreign law claims, the Court applies the directives of Rowinski to this case. In their complaint, Plaintiffs state in their Swiss law counts that they “reallege and incorporate by reference herein in their entirety the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs.” The foregoing paragraphs contain Defendant’s allegations supporting their claims against Defendants for aiding and abetting Kyprianou’s and Poyiadjis’ breaches of fiduciary duty, which indisputably are based upon state law as such is defined in SLUSA. Thus, to the extent that SLUSA preempts claims, as opposed to actions, Plaintiffs’ Swiss law claims are preempted.
The Court further notes that even in the absence of Plaintiffs express incorporation by reference as discussed above, Plaintiffs’ claims are, if not dependent on Kypria-nou’s and Poyiadjis’s violation of state law, certainly tied so closely together with Plaintiffs’ state law claims that such claims are not independent under SLUSA. See Zoren v. Genesis Energy, L.P., 195 F.Supp.2d 598, 604-05 (D.Del.2002) (holding that SLUSA preemption applied to claims based on fraud in connection with corporate restructuring even though such did not involve purchase or sale of covered securities because plaintiff tied fraudulent restructuring allegations closely together with preempted claims). It is apparent from Plaintiffs’ complaint that had Kyprianou and Poyiadjis not engaged in the purported fraudulent scheme, Defendants would not be facing liability for violating Swiss law.
Thus, the Court holds that Plaintiffs’ Swiss law claims are preempted by SLU-SA.
4. Debtor-Corporation Claims
Plaintiffs argue that they brought claims on behalf of the now bankrupt Ar-emisSoft, in addition to the claims they brought on behalf of the class of former AremisSoft shareholders. They argue that AremisSoft’s claims cannot be preempted under SLUSA because they are brought on behalf of a single entity. The Court disagrees with Plaintiffs and finds that Plaintiffs have not pled any claims on behalf of AremisSoft and even if they did, such claims are preempted by SLUSA.
First, Plaintiffs’ assertion that it pled claims on behalf of AremisSoft appears to be merely an artful way of saving its claims from SLUSA preemption. See Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 300 (indicating that courts should not allow artful pleading to undermine SLUSA’s objectives). Plaintiffs explicitly stated in their complaint that Plaintiffs “bring this action against Bordier ... and Dominick ... for the benefit of the beneficiaries of the AremisSoft Trust ..,” Compl. at ¶ 1 (emphasis added). Further, Plaintiffs emphasize in their complaint that any recovery of damages in the instant lawsuit will be distributed to the class of former AremisSoft shareholders “net proceeds from all claims recovered by the AremisSoft Trust will be distributed proportionally to the beneficiaries of the AremisSoft Trust,” Compl. at ¶20 (emphasis added), and “beneficiaries of the AremisSoft Trust, who number over 6,000 persons and entities ... are entitled under the Plain to recover 100% of these damages ...., Compl. at ¶ 27 (emphasis added).” Therefore, no damages are claimed on behalf of AremisSoft itself. Instead, any damages recovered by Plaintiffs will benefit a class of more than fifty persons. Plaintiffs’ bald contentions that it is pursuing this action on behalf of AremisSoft therefore lacks any factual support and is entirely contradictory with the method of recovery Plaintiffs pursue in this action. Further, the Court rejects Plaintiffs’ assertion that the fact that the beneficiaries will recover any damages awarded in this action is irrelevant because the claim is “fundamentally corporate” in nature. Cf. Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 301 (indicating that plaintiffs theory of damages is relevant to the issue of SLUSA preemption and that Plaintiff cannot undermine the goals of SLUSA by artful pleading).
The Court respectfully declines to adopt the Cape Ann court’s holding on this point. In Cape Ann, the court held that claims brought by a trust plaintiff on behalf of a bankrupt corporation were not preempted even though any recovery from such claims would be for the sole benefit of a class of shareholders who assigned their claims to the trust. See Cape Ann, 296 F.Supp.2d at 12-13. The court emphasized that one must look at the “fundamental character” of the claim, which the court found to be corporate in nature. See id. This holding is inconsistent with the broad, expansive reach of SLUSA and with the Third Circuit’s directive in Rowinski to not only consider plaintiffs theory of damages in applying SLUSA, but also to make certain not to allow a plaintiff to circumvent SLUSA by artful pleading.
To the extent that Plaintiff has pled any claims on behalf of AremisSoft itself, the Court again points out that under the Third Circuit’s discussion in Rowinski outlined above, it is likely that the Third Circuit would find that SLUSA preempts actions as opposed to claims. See Rowinski, 398 F.3d at 305. Thus, because Plaintiffs’ aiding and abetting claims against Defendants asserted on behalf of the relevant class of former AremisSoft shareholders are preempted by SLUSA, any claims asserted on behalf of AremisSoft itself would also be preempted.
Accordingly, the Court holds that Plaintiff has not asserted any claims on behalf of AremisSoft and to the extent that they assert such claims, they are preempted by SLUSA.
III. Conclusion
In conclusion, for the foregoing reasons, the Court dismisses Plaintiffs’ claims pursuant to the preemption provisions of SLUSA. An appropriate order accompanies this opinion.
. Jurisdiction is premised on diversity pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332 and is not challenged in this motion. However, both Bordier and Dominick have filed motions to dismiss based on lack of personal jurisdiction and forum non conveniens which are currently pending before the Court. Defendants contend that dismissal under SLUSA, 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l), is a subject matter jurisdiction inquiry pursuant to Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(h)(3). See Rowinski v. Salomon Smith Barney, Inc., 398 F.3d 294, 297-98 (2005) (“The SLUSA removal provision 78bb(f)(2) is jurisdictional.”); Araujo v. John Hancock Life Ins. Co., 206 F.Supp.2d 377, 380 (E.D.N.Y.2002) (holding that a motion to dismiss an action as preempted by SLUSA concerns subject matter jurisdiction and thus, is properly brought pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1)). Rule 12(b)(1) allows a party to move for dismissal of a case based on lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1). Rule 12(h)(3) states that "[w]henever it appears by suggestion of the parties or otherwise that the court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter, the court shall dismiss the action.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(h)(3).
However, unlike many actions which are preempted by SLUSA after being removed to federal court based on SLUSA, this case was brought in federal court on diversity jurisdiction pursuant to section 1332. The Court need not resolve whether this motion is properly brought pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) and/or Rule 12(h)(3). The parties agree that this motion should be decided before their other pending motions and thus, the Court decides the instant motion at this juncture. The Court's dismissal of this matter pursuant to SLUSA renders all pending motions in this case moot.
. Kyprianou was the founder of AremisSoft, a former Chairman of the Board, and Chief Executive Officer. Poyiadjis was a former director, Chief Financial Officer, and co-Chief Executive Officer of AremisSoft. They are not parties to this instant matter.
. Plaintiffs claim, and Defendants at this juncture do not dispute, that there is a private right of action available to Plaintiffs under these provisions of Swiss law.
. The statute explicitly provides that “no covered class action based upon the statutory or common law of any State or subdivision thereof may be maintained in any State or federal court by any private party alleging (A) a misrepresentation or omission of a material fact in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security; or (B) that the defendant used or employed any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security.” 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l).
A “covered security” is, among other things, a security traded on a national exchange. See 15 U.S.C. § 77r(b); Golub v. Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co., 379 F.Supp.2d 639, 644 (D.Del.2005). This element is not in dispute. AremisSoft securities were traded on NASDAQ and registered with the SEC.
Further, although Plaintiffs argue that they do not allege that Defendants made any misrepresentations or omissions of material fact, they do not dispute that should the Court find that the requisite misrepresentations or omissions are alleged, they were made "in connection with the purchase or sale of a covered security."
. Plaintiffs argue that the beneficiaries of the Trust cannot bring individual state law claims in state court against Bordier and Dominick because they assigned their potential causes of action to the Trust. Thus, according to Plaintiffs, if the Court finds that Plaintiffs’ claims are preempted by SLUSA, the beneficiaries are left with no remedy on these claims. The Court has considered this argument and notes that the beneficiaries chose to assign their claims to the Trust. Thus, their remedy is derivative of the Trust's ability to proceed here.
. In Golub, the court found that where a group of persons assigned their claims to a representative through private contractual negotiations, such constituted a "covered class action” under SLUSA. See Golub, 379 F.Supp.2d at 643 n. 4. The court, however, did not hold that SLUSA’s scope was limited to situations where plaintiffs assigned their claims to a representative for the purpose of litigating a particular cause of action. In fact, a reading of Golub indicates that it found just the opposite. See id. at 641, 644 (holding that plaintiff's state law claims were preempted by SLUSA even though breach of contract claim arose from conduct that occurred after representatives were appointed under agreement to represent interest of class of securities sellers).
. The Court notes that the opening paragraph of the AremisSoft Liquidating Trust Agreement states that the Trust is organized for the "primary purpose of liquidating the Trust Assets,” which includes litigating Trust claims. See Liquidating Trust Agreement at 1. Although this language appears inconsistent with section 1.3 of the Liquidating Trust Agreement which sets forth the "Purpose of the Trust” and states that its primary purpose is litigating the Trust claims, in addition to distributing proceeds from such claims and liquidating assets to benefit the requisite class, any such inconsistency is immaterial. The Liquidating Trust Agreement, like that in Cape Ann, specifically lists litigating Trust claims as a primary purpose.
. For example, Plaintiffs allege the following:
"[T]he effect of the fraudulent misrepresentations [by Kyprianou and Poyiadjis] was that the perceived value and profitability of Arem-isSoft was far higher than its actual value and profitability...." Compl. at ¶ 3;
“Kyprianou and Poyiadjis and others blatantly misrepresented the value and profitability of AremisSoft....” Compl. at ¶ 22;
"Poyiadjis and Kyprianou caused Aremis-Soft to report, among other misstatements, that the value of the NHIF Contract was $37.5 million.” Compl. at ¶ 25; and
"[t]he effect of the misrepresentations, false records, and other fraud was that the perceived value and profitability of AremisSoft was far higher than the actual value and profitability....” Compl. at ¶ 26.
. The courts in both Green and Disher, when citing the standard for establishing SLUSA preemption pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(l), state that the party asserting SLUSA preemption must show "that the defendant is alleged to have misrepresented or omitted a material fact.” See Disher, 419 F.3d at 654; Green, 279 F.3d at 596 (emphasis added). The decisions in this case do not rest on this SLUSA element and thus, the courts do not expand on this further. In any event, this statement of the SLUSA standard directly contradicts the statutory language of SLUSA. See 15 U.S.C. § 78bb(f)(1)(B).
. Plaintiffs admit that their claims against Defendants for aiding and abetting the breaches of fiduciary duty committed by Ky-prianou and Poyiadjis meet SLUSA’s “based upon the statutory of common law of any State” requirement.
. The Supreme Court in Dabit specifically refused to consider the issue of whether SLU-SA preempts claims or actions because it was not before the Court. See Dabit, 126 S.Ct. at 1508 n. 3.
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CASELAW
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Shear wave elastography using amplitude-modulated acoustic radiation force and phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Thu-Mai Nguyen (Lead / Corresponding author), Bastien Arnal, Shaozhen Song, Zhihong Huang, Ruikang K. Wang, Matthew O'Donnell
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
42 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Investigating the elasticity of ocular tissue (cornea and intraocular lens) could help the understanding and management of pathologies related to biomechanical deficiency. In previous studies, we introduced a setup based on optical coherence tomography for shear wave elastography (SWE) with high resolution and high sensitivity. SWE determines tissue stiffness from the propagation speed of shear waves launched within tissue. We proposed acoustic radiation force to remotely induce shear waves by focusing an ultrasound (US) beam in tissue, similar to several elastography techniques. Minimizing the maximum US pressure is essential in ophthalmology for safety reasons. For this purpose, we propose a pulse compression approach. It utilizes coded US emissions to generate shear waves where the energy is spread over a long emission, and then numerically compressed into a short, localized, and high-energy pulse. We used a 7.5-MHz single-element focused transducer driven by coded excitations where the amplitude is modulated by a linear frequency-swept square wave (1 to 7 kHz). An inverse filter approach was used for compression. We demonstrate the feasibility of performing shear wave elastography measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms at low US pressures (mechanical index < 0.6)
Original languageEnglish
Article number016001
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Biomedical Optics
Volume20
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2015
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Shear wave elastography using amplitude-modulated acoustic radiation force and phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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RadListView: Pull to Refresh
The Pull-to-refresh feature allows you to provide your users with the ability to request more data items once they reach the top end of the list. This is particularly useful in scenarios where a list of data items is regularly updated in the course of time. Consider a mail client which allows you to refresh the list of mail messages by pulling it down.
This scenario works when using an ObservableArray instance as a data source for the RadListView. ObservableArray is part of the core NativeScript framework and when used with RadListView it ensures that source collection changes are effectively reflected by the RadListView module.
Enabling Pull-to-Refresh
Consider the setup described by the Getting Started section for RadListView. The Pull-to-Refresh behavior is enabled by setting the pullToRefresh property as shown below:
Example 1: Enabling pull-to-refresh on RadListView:
<lv:RadListView items="{{ dataItems }}" pullToRefresh="true" pullToRefreshInitiated="{{onPullToRefreshInitiated}}" backgroundColor="blue">
Additionally, you will need to subscribe for the pullToRefreshInitiatedEvent event to be able to make a new data request. This event is fired when the user requests more data by pulling the list. Once you fetch the new items and append them at the beginning of the source collection, you will need to inform the list control that you have finished with the operation as follows:
Example 2: Handling the pullToRefreshInitiatedEvent:
public onPullToRefreshInitiated(args: ListViewEventData) {
const that = new WeakRef(this);
setTimeout(function () {
const initialNumberOfItems = that.get()._numberOfAddedItems;
for (let i = that.get()._numberOfAddedItems; i < initialNumberOfItems + 2; i++) {
if (i > posts.names.length - 1) {
break;
}
const imageUri = androidApplication ? posts.images[i].toLowerCase() : posts.images[i];
that.get().dataItems.splice(0, 0, new DataItem(posts.names[i], posts.titles[i], posts.text[i], "res://" + imageUri));
that.get()._numberOfAddedItems++;
}
const listView = args.object;
listView.notifyPullToRefreshFinished();
}, 1000);
}
As you can see, here we use the timer module part of the core NativeScript framework. The callback function is executed once 1 second elapses. Data is then fed into the source collection and the notifyPullToRefreshFinished() method is called to notify the list-view about that.
Styling the Pull-to-Refresh Indicator
You can customize the foreground and background colors of the pull-to-refresh indicator. The customization is done via the PullToRefreshStyle property which accepts instances the PullToRefreshStyle class. This class exposes the following properties:
Here's a XML sample of how you can customize the indicator in your XML definition of RadListView:
<lv:RadListView.pullToRefreshStyle>
<lv:PullToRefreshStyle indicatorColor="white" indicatorBackgroundColor="blue"/>
</lv:RadListView.pullToRefreshStyle>
References
Want to see this scenario in action?
Check our SDK examples repo on GitHub. You will find this and many other practical examples with NativeScript UI.
Related articles you might find useful:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Alex Antonitsch
Alexander Antonitsch (born 8 February 1966) is a former tennis player from Austria, who turned professional in 1988.
Antonitsch won one singles title (1990, Seoul) and four doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 9 July 1990, when he became the world No. 40.
From 1983 to 1996, he was a member of the Austrian Davis Cup team, playing 27 matches, mainly doubles; his biggest Davis Cup success was reaching the semifinals in 1990, when the Austrian team was on the brink of reaching the finals against the later 1990 Davis Cup winner USA.
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WIKI
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1. 23 Feb, 2018 1 commit
2. 20 Sep, 2017 1 commit
• Kenneth Moreland's avatar
Update copyright for Sandia · c3a3184d
Kenneth Moreland authored
Sandia National Laboratories recently changed management from the
Sandia Corporation to the National Technology & Engineering Solutions
of Sandia, LLC (NTESS). The copyright statements need to be updated
accordingly.
c3a3184d
3. 25 May, 2017 1 commit
4. 31 Aug, 2016 1 commit
5. 17 Sep, 2015 2 commits
• Kenneth Moreland's avatar
Declare new VTKM_STATIC_ASSERT · b15940c1
Kenneth Moreland authored
This is to be used in place of BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT so that we can
control its implementation.
The implementation is designed to fix the issue where the latest XCode
clang compiler gives a warning about a unused typedefs when the boost
static assert is used within a function. (This warning also happens when
using the C++11 static_assert keyword.) You can suppress this warning
with _Pragma commands, but _Pragma commands inside a block is not
supported in GCC. The implementation of VTKM_STATIC_ASSERT handles all
current cases.
b15940c1
• Kenneth Moreland's avatar
Add third party wrappers around boost macros. · 2ff6576c
Kenneth Moreland authored
The boost assert macros seem to have an issue where they define an
unused typedef. This is causing the XCode 7 compiler to issue a warning.
Since the offending code is in a macro, the warning is identified with
the VTK-m header even though the code is in boost. To get around this,
wrap all uses of the boost assert that is causing the warning in the
third party pre/post macros to disable the warning.
2ff6576c
6. 13 Aug, 2015 1 commit
7. 30 Jul, 2015 1 commit
• Kenneth Moreland's avatar
Always disable conversion warnings when including boost header files · 21b3b318
Kenneth Moreland authored
On one of my compile platforms, GCC was giving conversion warnings from
any boost include that was not wrapped in pragmas to disable conversion
warnings. To make things easier and more robust, I created a pair of
macros, VTKM_BOOST_PRE_INCLUDE and VTKM_BOOST_POST_INCLUDE, that should
be wrapped around any #include of a boost header file.
21b3b318
8. 21 May, 2015 1 commit
9. 23 Oct, 2014 1 commit
• Kenneth Moreland's avatar
Add checks for signature tags · 51e3b2bb
Kenneth Moreland authored
It's easy to put accidently put something that is not a valid tag in a
ControlSignature or ExecutionSignature. Previously, when you did that
you got a weird error at the end of a very long template instantiation
chain that made it difficult to find the offending worklet.
This adds some type checks when the dispatcher is instantated to check
the signatures. It doesn't point directly to the signature or its
parameter, but it is much closer.
51e3b2bb
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Detention dam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A detention dam is a dam built to catch surface runoff and stream water flow in order to regulate the water flow in areas below the dam.[1] Detention dams are commonly used to reduce the damage caused by flooding or to manage the flow rate through a channel.[2] Detention dams can also be constructed to replenish groundwater and trap sediment.[2] Detention dams are one of three classifications of dams which include: storage dams, diversion dams, and detention dams.[2] Storage dams are used to store water for extended lengths of time. The stored water then can be used for irrigation, livestock, municipal water supply, recreation, and hydroelectric power generation. Diversion dams are used to raise the water level in order to redirect the water to the designated location. The diverted water can be used for supplying irrigation systems or reservoirs.[2]
Purposes[edit]
Detention dams are constructed for multiple purposes including: flood control, flow rate restriction, subsurface water replenishment, and sediment trapping.[2] Detention dams are used in flood prone areas for flood control. A detention dam is built at an elevation above the flood prone zone. Flood water is collected in the basin above the dam and released at a flow rate the flood zone and channel can accommodate. Channels can include dikes, canals, streams, drain pipes, and rivers. The basin above a flood detention dam should remain at the lowest water level in order to prevent overtopping.[2] Overtopping is when the water level behind the dam exceeds the dam crest height.[3] The dam crest is the top edge of the dam. Overtopping is caused by extreme flooding or severe waves. The severe waves can be a result of high winds, landslides, and earthquakes.[3] The detention dam design must take into account the probability of overtopping occurring and be designed accordingly. Detention dams built to restrict flow rate regulate the amount water released into channels.[2] Detentions dams used to replenishment the subsurface water or groundwater hold surface runoff to allow the ground to absorb the water.[2] Groundwater is water that has drained into an aquifer due to the force of gravity. An aquifer is layers of permeable soils and rocks below the earth's surface that allow water to accumulated between the rocks and soils.[4] Debris dams are a type of detention dam used to collect sediment to prevent it from flowing into areas where large sediment buildup may be damaging.[2]
Design[edit]
Detention dams have two basic designs.[5] The detention dam can be made from concrete or masonry which usually involves the use of a metal reinforcing substructure or frame. The concrete or masonry style dam commonly has a cross sectional shape similar to a right triangle with the sloping face pointing downstream and the perpendicular face pointing upstream. Detention dams can also be made from rock or earth to form a gravity embankment style dam. The cross sectional shape of an earth and rock gravity embankment style dam closely resembles an equal lateral triangle with the angled sides facing upstream and downstream.[5] Detentions dams built today are designed and constructed with large safety factors in order to take into account and compensate for the probability of failure.[3]
Flood Detention Dam Design[edit]
Flood detention dams are commonly used as part of a flood or storm water detention system.[6] Flood detention systems combine the use of detention basins, detention dams, and channels in order efficiently collect and regulate the runoff. The detention facilities not only regulate the amount of water that is released, but control the quality of the water that is released. The runoff is monitored in order to prevent harmful contaminates and debris from damaging resources like: lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Flood detention dams are constructed methodically. The watershed topographical data, hydrological records, and geological structure for the area are analyzed in order to determine the most effective location for the flood detention dam(s). The analyzed watershed topographical data, hydrological records, and geological structure display the potential storage capacity, environmental impacts, and physical limitations of the area. As a result, models can be generated to simulate the effectiveness of possible flood detention dam locations and designs. The general design for a flood detention dam has a cross sectional shape of a trapezoid where the longer of the parallel sides is the base of the dam, and the angled sides face upstream and downstream. The flood detention dam has an opening at the top in order to release the flood water at a controlled rate that the channels below can accommodate. The flood detention dam models can be used to determine the necessary dam height and overflow opening size in order to prevent overtopping.[6]
Disadvantages[edit]
Detention dams can cause injury and damage if they are not built and maintained correctly. Poorly maintained and older detention dams can pose a reliability threat because they may not meet the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements.[3] For example, a detention dam in a populated area that does conform to the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements has a high probability of failing.[7] If severe flood were to occur, the nonconforming detention dam could be overtopped and breached resulting in injury and damage of the surrounding populated area below the detention dam.[7]
Examples[edit]
Sediment Detention Dam Example[edit]
The area of Fifteenmile Creek, Wyoming was flagged by the United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management in the 1960s because the area was in need of an aggressive sediment control system.[8] Over the course of 10 years, US$2 million was spent to construct 34 sediment detention dams, 110 reservoirs, and 21 spreader dikes in order to manage the sediment issue. The purpose of the sediment control system was to reduce the amount of suspended sediment in the Bighorn River. The high sediment concentration in the Bighorn River was largely attributed to the drainage from the Fifteenmile Creek erosion. The control system was intended to reduce the sediment amount by 25%. However, 20 years after installation the control system was analyzed and uncovered that the detention dams had been improperly maintained, resulting in sediment detention failure. In addition to poor maintenance, the functional lives of the detention dams were shortened because of the location and climate. As a result, people who live downstream of the Bighorn River have to cope with the effects of the sediment. The high amounts of sediment released from the failed detention dams and control system have increased the cost to filter municipal water due to suspended sediment in the Bighorn River. The high sediment deposits have also damaged fisheries and reduced the amount of water that can be stored in a downstream reservoir.[8]
Flood Detention Dam Example[edit]
In San Antonio, Texas, the Olmos Creek detention dam was constructed as a flood detention dam.[9] Even though the Olmos Creek detention dam’s primary purpose was as a flood detention dam, the dam also acts as debris or sediment detention dam to trap pollutants from entering regional the water supply. The Olmos Creek detention dam is unique because it is located in an urban area with a large floodplain and the area around the detention dam is used as a recreational and wildlife area. As a result, the Olmos Creek detention dam is a multipurpose facility that can handle large floods, trap pollutants, and provide a recreational and wildlife area for the community.[9]
References[edit]
1. ^ Cleveland, Cutler J.; Morris, Christopher, ed. (2009). Dictionary of Energy (Expanded ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. p. 133. ISBN 978-0080964911.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Goings, David B. (2004). K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, ed. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Web) (3rd ed.). Detroit: Gale. pp. 1149–1142. ISBN 978-0787675547.
3. ^ a b c d Gunindi, M. Engin; Yanmaz, A. Melih (2008). "Assessment of overtopping reliability and benefits of a flood detention dam". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35 (10): 1177+. doi:10.1139/L08-052. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
4. ^ Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner, ed. (2009). Environmental Science: In Context (Web). Detroit: Gale. pp. 396–400. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
5. ^ a b Wallace, Jonathan (2005). Carl Mitcham, ed. Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 463–465. ISBN 978-0028658315.
6. ^ a b Yeh, Chao-Hsien; Labadie, John W. (1997). "Multiobjective Watershed-Level Planning Of Storm Water Detention Systems" (Web). Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 123 (6): 336. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1997)123:6(336). Retrieved 22 February 2013.
7. ^ a b Singh, Vijay P.; Jain, Sharad K.; Tyagi, Aditya (2007). Risk and Reliability Analysis - A Handbook for Civil and Environmental Engineers. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). p. 672. ISBN 978-0784408919.
8. ^ a b Marston, Richard A; Dolan, Lawrence S (1 December 1999). "Effectiveness of sediment control structures relative to spatial patterns of upland soil loss in an arid watershed, Wyoming". Geomorphology 31 (1–4): 313–323. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00089-6. ISSN 0169-555X. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
9. ^ a b Jones Jr, D. Earl; Jones, Jonathan E. (1987). "Floodway Delineation and Management". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 123 (7): 228–242. doi:10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9496%281987%29113%3A2%28228%29.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 104 Part 6.djvu/122
104 STAT. 4512 PUBLIC LAW 101-629—NOV. 28, 1990 "(iii) the name and the address of the manufacturer of such device, and "(iv) a brief description of the event reported to the manufacturer. The Secretary may by regulation alter the frequency and timing of reports required by this subparagraph. "(D) For purposes of subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), a device user facility shall be treated as having received or otherwise become aware of information with respect to a device of that facility when medical personnel who are employed by or otherwise formally affiliated with the facility receive or otherwise become aware of information with respect to that device in the course of their duties. "(2) The Secretary may not disclose the identity of a device user facility which makes a report under paragraph (1) except in connection with— "(A) an action brought to enforce section 301(q), "(B) a communication to a manufacturer of a device which is the subject of a report under paragraph (1), or "(C) a disclosure required under subsection (a). This paragraph does not prohibit the Secretary from disclosing the identity of a device user facility making a report under paragraph (1) or any information in such a report to employees of the Department of Health and Human Services, to the Department of Justice, or to the duly authorized committees and subcommittees of the Congress. "(3) No report made under paragraph (1) by— "(A) a device user facility, "(B) an individual who is employed by or otherwise formally affiliated with such a facility, or "(C) a physician who is not required to make such a report, shall be admissible into evidence or otherwise used in any civil action involving private parties unless the facility, individual, or physician who made the report had knowledge of the falsity of the information contained in the report. "(4) A report made under paragraph (1) does not affect any obligation of a manufacturer who receives the report to file a report as required under subsection (a). "(5) For purposes of this subsection: "(A) The term 'device user facility' means a hospital, ambulatory surgical facility, nursing home, or outpatient treatment facility which is not a physician's office. The Secretary may by regulation include an outpatient diagnostic facility which is not a physician's office in such term. "(B) The terms 'serious illness' and 'serious injury' mean illness or injury, respectively, that— "(i) is life threatening, "(ii) results in permanent impairment of a body function or permanent damage to a body structure, or "(iii) necessitates immediate medical or surgical intervention to preclude permanent impairment of a body function or permanent damage to a body structure.". 21 USC 360i (b) REGULATIONS. —The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall promulgate regulations to implement section 519(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as added by the amendment made by subsection (a) (including a definition of the summary required by paragraph (1)(C) of such section) not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act. In promulgating the note.
�
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WIKI
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Newbury College
Newbury College may refer to:
* Newbury College (England), a further education college in England
* Newbury College (United States), a career-focused college in Brookline, Massachusetts
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WIKI
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Protesters in England call for change to cricket governance
sports
A protest was held ahead of the start of the fifth Ashes cricket test today, seeking a higher standard of cricket administration.
Around 100 protesters, which included writer Gideon Haigh, Wisden editor Lawrence Booth, and Damian Collins, MP for Folkestone and Hythe, gathered outside the Oval cricket ground to observe three minutes of silence, a minute for each of the "Big Three" nations &mdash; India, England, and Australia. Organisers claim these nations of controlling cricket's governance to benefit themselves.
Sam Collins and Jarrod Kimber, a pair of journalists and film-makers, organised the protest.
"Now the Ashes have been decided, we feel the time is right to protest at the powerlessness of all other countries in the cricket world," Collins told The Telegraph. "Nobody has any power except for Narayan Srinivasan, of India, Giles Clarke, of England, and Wally Edwards, of Australia."
Collins and Kimber recently released the film Death of a Gentleman. The documentary was created by the pair to examine what the future holds for test match cricket whilst examining claims of corrupt administrators. The film-makers have launched changecricket.com, calling on cricket fans to advocate for better governance of the sport. "We ask fans of all nations to stand with us and show their dissatisfaction about the way their game is being run," said Collins.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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gcloud alpha scc sources describe
NAME
gcloud alpha scc sources describe - describe a source given its display name or source id
SYNOPSIS
gcloud alpha scc sources describe [ORGANIZATION] (--source=SOURCE | --source-display-name=SOURCE_DISPLAY_NAME) [GCLOUD_WIDE_FLAG]
DESCRIPTION
(ALPHA) Describe a source given its display name or source id.
POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS
Organization resource - The organization to be used for the SCC (Security Command Center) command. This represents a Cloud resource.
[ORGANIZATION]
ID of the organization or fully qualified identifier for the organization.
REQUIRED FLAGS
Exactly one of these must be specified:
--source=SOURCE
Cloud SCC specific source. It's derived from the the source's relative resource name. See: https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/resource_names#relative_resource_name. For Example: For the given source name: "organizations/123/sources/456", 456 represents source id.
--source-display-name=SOURCE_DISPLAY_NAME
Source's display name must be unique amongst its siblings, for example, two sources with the same parent can't share the same display name. Display name must start and end with a letter or digit, may contain letters, digits, spaces, hyphens, and underscores, and can be no longer than 32 characters. This is captured by the regular expression: [\p{L}\p{N}]({\p{L}\p{N}- ]{0,30}[\p{L}\p{N}])?. For example: 'Cloud Security Scanner' is the source display name.
GCLOUD WIDE FLAGS
These flags are available to all commands: --account, --billing-project, --configuration, --flags-file, --flatten, --format, --help, --impersonate-service-account, --log-http, --project, --quiet, --trace-token, --user-output-enabled, --verbosity.
Run $ gcloud help for details.
API REFERENCE
This command uses the securitycenter/v1 API. The full documentation for this API can be found at: https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/api/securitycenter.googleapis.com/overview
EXAMPLES
Describe source with display name 'Security Scanner':
$ gcloud alpha scc sources describe 123456 \
--source-display-name "Security Scanner"
Describe source with source id '5678':
$ gcloud alpha scc sources describe 123456 --source 5678
NOTES
This command is currently in ALPHA and may change without notice. If this command fails with API permission errors despite specifying the right project, you may be trying to access an API with an invitation-only early access whitelist.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Hospice care focuses on improving the quality of life of individuals suffering from terminal illnesses, so they can live comfortably during the last phases of their life-limiting medical condition. Not only that, but hospice care also assists the family members throughout different phases and provides the best possible remedies for their symptoms.
Hospice care aims to provide a team to facilitate the last days with dignity. Read on as we share with you everything you would need to know about hospice care, so you can make an informed decision and provide unprecedented care for your loved one.
Photo by Connor Olson on Unsplash
Understanding Hospice Care
This type of care is provided to patients who are suffering from advanced diseases which cannot be controlled or cured. Normally, hospice care is provided to individuals who are at an advanced stage of their terminal illness and are expected to have around 6 months to live. As people have varying responses to a disease, it is always best to discuss the disease's progress and the provision of hospice care as early on as possible. In general, hospice care is not opted for early on as family members, the doctor, or the patient may show resistance to accepting the care.
Studies reveal that it's their feeling of hopelessness that influences them to resist hospice care. There are a plethora of hospice care providers who offer different patient care services that are mostly geared towards the specific type of disease and its severity.
Providing Uncompromised Care
Whether the patient requires care in the home or at the hospital, hospice care providers are always ready to assist, improve patient care, and stay involved till the best outcomes are achieved. If your loved one needs immediate medical care from the hospital, it will be the responsibility of hospice care providers to facilitate the patient, so they receive the required assistance and best care.
Providing Palliative Care
Palliative care is all about symptom management and is different from hospice care. However, hospice care providers tend to add palliative care, so the patients can not only enjoy each day to the fullest but also have control over the symptoms that accompany the disease. Now that we have briefly discussed hospice care, let's look at how it assists in improving patient outcomes.
Conducting Meetings
A trustworthy and reliable hospice care provider will always try, to the best of their abilities, to improve the quality of life for the patient and their loved ones. Hospice care providers working at Three Oaks Hospice say certified service providers are trained to schedule meetings with family members to inform them about their loved one's progress and what they can expect regarding their current medical condition. Besides educating the participants, these meetings act as a means of stress relief for the family members and assist them in understanding the situation in the best possible manner. The certified care providers can also inform you about the daily progress during routine visits.
Spiritual Well Being
People have different religious and spiritual beliefs which can only be addressed by providing adequate spiritual care. Your hospice care provider will take the necessary steps, so the patient's spiritual needs are met. They can even arrange a religious ceremony or a ritual for the family, so they can accept fate and say their last goodbyes.
Respite and Bereavement Care
With respite care, the patient is provided care for 5 days a week followed by a break period where family members can arrange trips, family gatherings, or simply let themselves be cared for at home. Additionally, bereavement care aids family members in grieving the loss of their loved one. The care-providing team utilizes their counselors, clergy members, or volunteers to keep in touch with the grieving family through visits, phone calls, and by inviting them to attend support groups. These bereavement services are provided for at least a year after a loved one dies.
Palliative Vs Hospice Care
Some people confuse palliative care with hospice care and think they are the same thing. They are similar to some extent as both aim to improve the quality of life.
Let's look at some differences between both to develop a clear understanding. Hospice care is offered to patients who have a limited time to live whereas palliative care may become an option at any time. Furthermore, palliative care improves the quality of life by controlling the symptoms of the disease. On the other hand, hospice care is only provided when you have exhausted all your treatment options and are unable to find support.
We hope you find the information on hospice care presented to be useful, so you can make the right decision. As there are a lot of options, consider evaluating each one and comparing them, so you can pick the one that can help you achieve the best possible outcomes.
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Data Backup Best Practices
Suppose one day you are doing some homework on your computer and a good friend of yours sends you an Instant Message with a link embedded in it. Without thinking, you click on the link which takes you to an amusing Web page. However, unbeknownst to you, clicking on that link also installed a bot on your machine. When you go to bed that night, the owner of that bot takes control of your computer. He or she downloads a ton of critical information from your hard drive, and then orders your machine to format itself in order to remove all traces of the attack. When you wake up the next morning, your computer is no longer recognizable as it has been reformatted. All of your programs, projects, papers, and other important information is now gone. What do you do?
Although this may be an extreme example, the fact is that technology, while increasingly sophisticated and helpful, is also prone to breakage. The average useful life expectancy of a desktop computer is approximately three years. After about three years of continuous usage, a computer starts to demonstrate increasing instability and unreliability. This can lead to erratic hard drive behavior, rebooting problems, and other issues that could result in a loss of data. In the absolute worst case scenario, a hard drive completely ceases to function and all the data on that machine becomes unrecoverable by any means.
All is not lost, however. There are some things you can do to prevent important data loss, particularly if you are not storing your data on a network.
Data Backup and Restoration from the Network
IT encourages customers to use campus network storage whenever possible to prevent the loss of data. As IT backs up all of its data storage every night, no customer will ever lose more than 24 hours worth of data. In other words, if you’ve been working on a paper or a project for three weeks and you suddenly lose it for some reason, you can recover the previous day’s version from the network and only be a day behind of schedule, at most.
Data Restoration and Backup Practices for a Non-Network Environment
Data Backup is not a “one-size fits all” solution, but instead involves considerable thought and planning in order to be effective. However, once you have a plan in place, it should be relatively simple for you to recover from a catastrophic hardware failure or another event resulting in massive data loss. The following is applicable to home users as well as customers using a non-network machine (for instance, a research machine).
• Media – Select a media type for your backup storage needs: tape, external or removable hard drive, flash drive, CD/DVD-RW, etc. Generally, the amount of data you need to backup will determine what media you plan to use. DVDs can hold a lot more data than CDs can and are becoming more and more popular as the price of DVD duplication technology comes down. Magnetic tape is the oldest type of data backup medium and is still used for many backup applications (University of Missouri System still uses this for long-term storage). External or removable hard drives are also very common and are becoming less expensive, as well.
• Needs – Decide on what information you want to backup. Generally this will refer to data files created by another application. For instance, you might backup all of your Microsoft Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.). You do not need to backup Microsoft Word itself as that can easily be installed again as long as you have kept the installation disks in a safe place. You also need to decide on the relative value of the information. Mission critical data needed for a business/school project should take high priority when deciding what to backup. This sort of data should be backed up frequently and you should also maintain incremental backups or version backups of the data. For instance, whenever you make a major change to a document, you save it as a new file and indicate what version it is in the file name. If a later version of the document somehow becomes corrupted, you can go back to the earlier document, which is a separate, uncorrupted version of the same document. That way, you only lose the changes you made and not the entire document. Other data may not be as mission critical, but should still be regularly backed up after major changes.
• Know Where It Is – Know where your data is stored and how its directory structure is organized. Compartmentalize your data in a logical, discrete fashion. Above all, keep data separate from operating system files. Some programs like to store data in with the program areas. For instance, Microsoft Word stores design templates in with the Microsoft Word files, while most Word documents are stored in My Documents by default. If you want to ensure that your Word design templates are not corrupted by Word then you may want to store them in a different area, perhaps a sub-folder of My Documents called “Templates”. Compartmentalizing your data away from application files will also ensure that if there is a problem with the application and it needs to be reinstalled, you will not lose any data.
• Scheduling – Run your backup process when there is little chance of the data changing. It must be in a fairly static state in order for dependable backup snapshots to be taken. You also need to ensure that you schedule enough time for the process to complete, as data backup can take awhile depending on the amount of data you are backing up.
• Encryption – Since almost all data backup media is extremely portable, IT recommends that you encrypt your files during the backup process. Save your encryption key or password in a very safe location. If someone manages to obtain your backup data, then they will not be able to access it without a lot of time and effort on their part. Note: Archive software that generates encrypted, compressed archives generally have weak encryption algorithms that can be easily cracked. Use caution when using this software. If you have any questions about it, please contact the IT Help Desk and we will be glad to help.
• Data Retention – Not all data needs to be kept around for posterity. You need to decide on how long you want to maintain it. This depends on the type of data it is and critical it is to maintain a copy of it. Personal or research data may seem critical at one time, but may lose its value over the course of months or years. Once data has lost its usefulness, it should be discarded. Choose wisely, as sometimes data may also regain value.
• Review Logs – Your data backup process will generate logs recording the files that were backed up as well as how successful the backup process was. You should look over these logs to ensure that all files were properly backed up and had no errors. If a file indicates an error occurred, then you will need to take corrective measures to reduce any risk associated with failed backups.
• Library – It is important to clearly label and date the storage media. You should also note where it is stored. Most media should be kept out of direct sunlight simply because sunlight tends to destroy just about everything over time. Storage also needs to be secured against unauthorized access.
• Rotation and Expiration of Media – Depending on your backup process and media being used, backup media can be reused to reduce the cost of backup media, but this means you will need to track the usage of the media. For instance, if you backup on re-writable CDs or DVDs, you will need to indicate on the label the last time the data was backed up. This information should also be included electronically on the CD or DVD (a simple text file tracking the usage would do just fine). Most media also have a limited shelf or usage life cycle. When media reaches the end of this life cycle, it should be properly discarded (see Disposal, below).
• Testing – Periodically restore your backup data to a test area in order to ensure that all of your data backed up properly and has not been corrupted. This should be done in a test environment, if possible.
• Disposal – When your backup media finally wears out from constant use or simply reaches the end of its useful life cycle, it needs to be disposed of properly. Do not throw it in the trash without physically destroying it first. Even if it is no longer useful to you, an undestroyed CD or other media may still contain enough data for a thief to recover. You should destroy all backup media as thoroughly as possible before throwing it out.
For most customers, it is not necessary to backup an entire hard drive’s worth of data every night. However, you should definitely consider using these best practices if your job or schoolwork requires you to keep important records or research-related files. Students and faculty involved in research should especially keep these practices in mind as a single research project can span several years and comprise hundreds or thousands of data files. Catastrophic loss of data can be devastating to a researcher, and is a setback to the entire scientific field.
If you would like more information on how to get started with backing up your data, please contact the IT Help Desk at 573-341-4357 (HELP) or submit a Help Desk Ticket.
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User:PREETY KUMARI GUPTA
MY NAME IS PREETY KUMARI GUPTA. I AM 21 YEARS OLD. I BELONG FROM DHANBAD. MY FATHER NAME IS LT. GOPAL PRASAD GUPTA. MY MOTHER NAME IS USHA DEVI.
I HAVE COMPLETED MY GRADUATION FROM VBU HAZARIBAG.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_literacy
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WIKI
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MATLAB Answers
How can I minimize the outer space for the figure or plot
1 view (last 30 days)
Kyoungtak Kim
Kyoungtak Kim on 4 Apr 2021
Answered: G A on 4 Apr 2021
Hello.
I have been using the syntax like
rek = tiledlayout(2,2);
rek.Padding = 'none';
rek.TileSpacing = 'none';
for multi figure layout to make my figure no space between tiles.
Is there any syntax that can be applied for 1 figure plot?
Like the figure above, there are so much spaces so that I should
always cut the figure after export.
If it has syntax applied when I make the plot with no space like Tilespacing,
It will be better.
Thank you.
Answers (1)
G A
G A on 4 Apr 2021
You can do as follows:
x=-2*pi:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(x);
figure(1)
ax=gca;
ax.Position=[0.075 0.075 0.9 0.9]; % default position is [0.13 0.11 0.775 0.815]
plot(x,y)
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No delete permission on folder and subfolders, how?
#1
Hi!
We are using the latest version of Owncloud (10.xx) and wanna setup a folder with 'no delete' permission that also affects any subfolder within. Is there a way to do this? Users can create but cannot delete anything in this folder and its subfolders.
Thanks.
#2
You can create a folder and share it with whoever you want. Then adjust the permissions of the share, maybe without sharing and delete permissions. That should work for you.
Note that the owner of the share can still do whatever he wants with those files (deleting them, for example) because the files will be in his user space.
Another option could be to setup an external storage, but the permissions will be bound to those that the storage support for the account you want to acccess with.
#3
I need the 'no delete' permission to be recursive.
#4
For shares, the permissions apply from the share to the inside, same permissions for all of the files to the inside, so this case is recursive.
The external storage option will depend on the storage itself and how it's setup (the storage, not the ownCloud's configuration)
#5
Hm, this is indeed how it works, when you share a folder with users or a group. Do you have a different experience? If so, how can we reproduce it?
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User:Zppickups/Fury Guitar
Engineered for the serious player, <Fury Guitars (Furyguitar.com) has been creating guitars since 1962, the year Glenn McDougall founded the Fury company. Fury Guitars is committed to designing and manufacturing guitars that satisfy the needs of serious players. Guitars that produce pure, perfectly balanced tone, high output power and exceptional sustain. In short, guitars that are pleasing to play.
Fury instruments have their own sound, their own playing feel, their own look and their own soul. As the designer of these guitars, Glenn takes pride in presenting them to you, the professional player. He invites you to test and evaluate any of the models.
Glenn McDougall President and Design Engineer
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WIKI
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tulla
Etymology
From, from.
* Likely Swedish influence, after and.
Verb
* 1) to come
* 2) to become, get, go, turn
* 3) to become, get, go, turn
* 4) to come into, get enter a state of being
* 5) to have to, be to, should, be supposed to
* 6) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 7) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to come into, get enter a state of being
* 2) to have to, be to, should, be supposed to
* 3) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 4) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 2) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 2) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 2) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 2) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally)
* 2) to cum, orgasm
* 1) to cum, orgasm
Conjugation
Colloquially, the present stem may be replaced in some forms with :
Etymology
. Documented since the 10th century in local charters as ; unlikely from which originates. Compare 🇨🇬.
Noun
* 1) chest or place for storing the crop
Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.
Verb
* 1) to come, arrive
* 2) to turn out
* 3) to turn out
* 4) to work out
* 5) to become, to get
* 6) to make for
* 1) to turn out
* 2) to work out
* 3) to become, to get
* 4) to make for
* 1) to work out
* 2) to become, to get
* 3) to make for
* 1) to become, to get
* 2) to make for
* 1) to make for
* 1) to make for
Usage notes
* The forms starting with töö-, tye- comform to the front-vocalic vowel harmony:
Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.
Verb
* 1) to come; to arrive
* 2) to work out
* 3) to become
* 4) to be (related)
* 5) to fall on
* 6) to smell like
* 7) to be needed; to be important
* 1) to fall on
* 2) to smell like
* 3) to be needed; to be important
* 1) to be needed; to be important
* 1) to be needed; to be important
Adjective
* , which see for usage and meanings.
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WIKI
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Talk:Percy Hynes White
Notability
Just a reminder that WP:NACTOR is not automatically passed just because an actor has had roles — it is passed only when an actor has received enough reliable source coverage about him in media to fulfill WP:GNG for having had roles. I'm not going to shoot this on sight this time, but will offer it time to improve — but I do need to point out that this version is not making a stronger NACTOR claim (which, again, requires more than just "has had roles"), or citing stronger sourcing to actually get over NACTOR, than the first version did, and it will be vulnerable to redeletion if the sourcing doesn't see timely improvement. Bearcat (talk) 23:17, 27 June 2018 (UTC)
Conflicting information about first role?
The Career section says “Hynes's first role was Andy Strucker, a mutant in the X-Men-derived Fox TV pilot The Gifted”. This seems to be directly contradicted by the Filmography section, which shows several roles before The Gifted. (I removed the statement, but my edit was reverted, so I’m bringing it up here). Wednesday90 (talk) 17:28, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
Sexual assault allegations?
Recently, Percy was accused of sexual assault by many people and there’s nothing in the article about that. Should there be a wait for more information, or write what has happened so far? Klee Bakudan (talk) 06:17, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
* Is there any legal accusation? If not, it should not be in the lemma. Anybody can *allege* anyone of distasteful or even criminal behavior. Particularly 'famous people' are vulnerable to smear campaigns in social media. A legal accusation of a criminal act is quite a different category, as it requires probable cause as established by a judge. So that is where I would draw the line. In my view, people on Twitter claiming that X did 'bad stuff' or even 'very bad stuff' is not serious enough to include in encyclopedic articles. Mcouzijn (talk) 23:53, 14 February 2023 (UTC)
* It has actually been proven by further tweets by the accusers that he did not do those things, that he may be associated with people who did. I suggest looking at these Twitter threads of people who dug deeper in to the accusations.
* https://twitter.com/jemmashearts/status/1627823610260750344?s=20
* https://twitter.com/FreddyVSaytana/status/1621402720136560640?s=20
* https://twitter.com/taninaheenmani/status/1616195548171874304?s=20 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:21, 11 March 2023 (UTC)
* In those tweets, he is accused of sexual assault (groping someone nonconsensually). MisfitBlitz (talk) 22:51, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* WP:BLP requires strong sourcing to include such content; Twitter posts are insufficient. OhNo itsJamie Talk 22:58, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* There is proof of photos that he allegedly sent to minors. MisfitBlitz (talk) 23:23, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* Please read WP:BLP and WP:RS. OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:27, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* Please read WP:BLP and WP:RS. OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:27, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 12 May 2023
Please remove Source 1. It is not credible, as the author did not research nor interview the actor. The article from Collider is not an informative article nor a respected journalist site. 2601:41:C401:3330:8174:1D3A:32EF:6DBB (talk) 03:40, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
* ✅ - looks like this just didn't get closed. Tollens (talk) 04:01, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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How to Create a File and Write Data to It in Java
1. PrintWriter to Create File in Java
2. Files to Create File in Java
3. BufferedWriter to Create File in Java
4. FileWriter to Create File in Java
This tutorial discusses methods to create a text file and write data to it in Java.
Java has multiple methods to create a file. The one thing to remember is that the try-catch block is necessary for almost all of the file creation methods so that any IO Exception is gracefully handled. Do not forget to use it.
PrintWriter to Create File in Java
The PrintWriter in Java allows you to create a new file with the specified encoding. Here is an example.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String fileName = "my-file.txt";
String encoding = "UTF-8";
try{
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(fileName, encoding);
writer.println("The first line");
writer.println("The second line");
writer.close();
}
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("An error occurred.");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Files to Create File in Java
We can also use java.nio.file to create a file and write data to it. The below example illustrates this approach.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String fileName = "my-file.txt";
try{
List<String> lines = Arrays.asList("The first line", "The second line");
Path file = Paths.get(fileName);
Files.write(file, lines, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("An error occurred.");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
In this example, we write the data from an ArrayList to the file such that every element in ArrayList is written to a new line in the output file. The output file looks like this:
> The first line
> The second line
BufferedWriter to Create File in Java
The below example illustrates creating and writing to a file using BufferedWriter.
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Charset utf8 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("This is the first line", "This is the second line");
String content = "This is my content";
try
{
//File name with path
String fileName = "my-file.txt";
File myFile = new File(fileName);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(myFile);
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(osw);
//Write data using a String variable
writer.write(content + "\n");
//Write data from an ArrayList
for (String s : list) {
writer.write(s + "\n");
}
}
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("An error occurred.");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
The output file looks like this:
> This is my content
> This is the first line
> This is the second line
FileWriter to Create File in Java
Another common method to create a new file and write to it in Java is to use FileWriter.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileWriter myWriter = new FileWriter("my-file.txt");
myWriter.write("We can also create a file and write to it using FileWriter");
myWriter.close();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred.");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
The output file looks like this:
> We can also create a file and write to it using FileWriter
Related Article - Java File
• How to Convert File to a Byte Array in Java
• How to Get the File Extension of a File in Java
• comments powered by Disqus
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Noelle Sandwith
Noelle Ora Sandwith (31 July 1927 – 21 April 2006) was a South African-born English artist. The great-great-granddaughter of the surgeon William Marsden, she trained in art schools of London before earning employment sketching portraits of motion picture personalities. Sandwith hitchhiked the Birdsville Track from August 1952 to February 1953 and sketched its people before travelling to the South Pacific. In 1954, she was the first person to produce a portrait of Sālote Tupou III, Queen of Tonga. A year later, Sandwith returned to England to train to become a nurse, remaining in the health industry until 1979.
Early life and education
Sandwith was born in Cape Town in the Union of South Africa on 31 July 1927. She was the daughter of the English authors and photojournalists Francis and Frieda Johnson Sandwith. Among her ancestors were the surgeon William Marsden (her great, great-grandfather) and also the poet Matthew Arnold. Sandwith was brought up in Carshalton, Surrey. She was trained in the arts at the Kingston School of Art from 1944 to 1945, the Croydon School of Art in 1946, and the Heatherley School of Fine Art between 1947 and 1948. During this period, Sandwith became proficient in sketching poses of humans and learning about the human form.
Career
Her first job was with a small advertising agency, where she sketched portraits of motion-picture personalities from publicity photographs, which were displayed in cinemas for promotional purposes. In 1950 at the age of 23, Sandwith flew to Sydney to meet her uncle, and she later accompanied him to an embarkment to Tonga from 1950 to 1951. She completed several paintings of the country before returning to Sydney to seek employment. Resisting pressure from her family to return to England, Sandwith hitchhiked along the Birdsville Track, a cattle route linking Queensland and South Australia, between August 1952 to February 1953. She used public transport and hitched trucks to reach some of its remote areas. During her journey, Sandwith sketched the Aboriginal peoples, sheep shearers, landladies, and fellow travellers, mostly in pencil but occasionally in pastel.
The journalist of The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that Sandwith had realised she "stumbled on a part of the world that had never been adequately documented" and her work became "an incredible record of the harsh outback landscape – and the characters, white and black, who called it home." She subsequently travelled to Fiji, Samoa, and the Pitcairn Islands in 1953. Sandwith returned to Tonga to teach English at the Free Church of Tonga, and lived with a Tongan family, during her work to sketch and record the islanders' culture, earning her the name "The Drawing Girl". In 1954, she persuaded Sālote Tupou III to sit for a portrait, the first of a queen of Tonga, after a cabinet meeting of Tongan nobles convened to grant her permission for the painting.
Sandwith returned to England in 1955 and lived in London. She decided to train to become a nurse, enrolling at the Royal Free Hospital from 1956 to 1959. After completing her training, Sandwith worked as a staff nurse at the St Mary's Hospital between 1962 and 1963. She continued to exhibit her sketches during this period, at the Royal Society of British Artists, the Society of Women Artists, and the Brighton Museum & Art Gallery. Sandwith spent part of 1965 sketching in Canada and also worked as a nurse in British Columbia. She later returned to London and attained employment as a health visitor in the Borough of Newham from 1972 to 1975 and Redbridge and Waltham Forest between 1975 and 1979. Sandwith continued to visit unusual places and took up courses in drawing and design and also garnered an interest in etching on copper. She eschewed photography of human subjects as she believed draughtsmanship captured better details and delivered spontaneity.
Final years and death
In 1993 she donated 105 sketches of her work and photographs and letters in the Birdsville Track to the National Archives of Australia. She subsequently became affected by Alzheimer's disease and was taken to a care home. In 2005 the National Museum of Australia mounted Sandwith's work on display In Search of the Birdsville Track and the exhibition toured Australia. She died on 21 April 2006.
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Python Program to check Abundant Number
Check Whether or Not the Number is an Abundant Number in Python
Given an integer input as the number, the objective is to check whether or the given integer number is an Abundant Number or not. Therefore, we’ll write a program to Check Whether or Not the Number is an Abundant Number in Python Language.
Example
Input : 21
Output : It's not an Abundant Number.
abundant or not in python
Check Whether or Not the Number is an Abundant Number in Python Language
Given an integer input the objective is to check whether or not the given integer is an Abundant Number. To do so we’ll use loop to find the factors of the number except the number itself and sum them all up. We’ll check Whether the number is lower or greater than the sum. For a Number to be classified as Abundant, the sum of it’s factors must be greater than the number itself. Here are the method’s we’ll be using to Check Whether or Not the Number is an Abundant Number in Python Language,
• Method 1: Using Range until Number
• Method 2: Using Range until Sqrt( Number )
We’ll discuss the above mentioned methods in detail in the upcoming sections. Do check out the blue box given below for better understanding of the above mentioned questions.
Method 1: Using Range until Number
Python Code
Run
n = 12
sum=1 # 1 can divide any number
for i in range(2,n):
if(n%i==0): #if number is divisible by i add the number
sum=sum+i
if(sum>n):
print(n,'is Abundant Number')
else:
print(n,'is not Abundant Number')
Output
12 is Abundant Number
Method 2: Using Range until Sqrt( Number )
Python Code
Run
import math
n = 12
sum=1 # 1 can divide any number
i=2
while(i<=math.sqrt(n)):
if(n%i==0):
#if number is divisible by i add the number
if(n//i==i):
# if quotient is equal to divisor add only one of them
sum=sum+i
else:
sum=sum + i + n/i
i=i+1
if(sum>n):
print(n,"is Abundant Number")
else:
print(n,"is not Abundant Number")
Output
12 is Abundant Number
5 comments on “Python Program to check Abundant Number”
• Srikanth
# easy code
n=int(input(“Enter a number : “))
sum=0
for i in range(1,n):
if n%i==0:
sum=sum+i
print(“sum is”,sum)
print(“Input is ” , n)
if sum>n:
print(“Abandant Number”)
else:
print(“Not abandant number “)
• Vishnukant
x=int(input())
sum=0
for i in range(1,x):
if x%i==0:
sum=sum+i
if sum>x:
print(“yes”)
else:
print(“no”)
• Bibhudutta
n=int(input())
sum=0
for i in range(1,n):
if(n%i==0):
sum=sum+i
if(sum>n):
print(‘Abundant Number’)
else:
print(‘Not Abundant Number’)
• Sonal
num=int(input(“Enter the number “))
sum=0
for i in range(1,num):
if num%i==0:
sum+=i
else:
continue
if sum>num:
print(num,”is an Abundant Number”)
else:
print(num,”is not an Abundant Number”)
• Abhishek
n=int(input(“Enter the number:”))
sum=0
for i in range(1,n):
a=n%i
if(a==0):
sum=sum+i
if(sum>n):
print(“It is Abundant”)
else:
print(“It is Not”)
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Household income in the United States
Household income is an economic standard that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a household's economic status or to track economic trends in the US.
A key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S. Census Bureau reports two median household income estimates based on data from two surveys: the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels. According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.
The distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the US has gone down slightly, and at an accelerated pace since 2019.
Definition
A household's income can be calculated in various ways but the US Census as of 2009 measured it in the following manner: the income of every resident of that house that is over the age of 15, including pre-tax wages and salaries, along with any pre-tax personal business, investment, or other recurring sources of income, as well as any kind of governmental entitlement such as unemployment insurance, social security, disability payments or child support payments received.
The residents of the household do not have to be related to the head of the household for their earnings to be considered part of the household's income. As households tend to share a similar economic context, the use of household income remains among the most widely accepted measures of income. That the size of a household is not commonly taken into account in such measures may distort any analysis of fluctuations within or among the household income categories, and may render direct comparisons between quintiles difficult or even impossible. The US Census does not include noncash benefits such as health benefits.
Recent trends
The Current Population Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau reported in September 2022 that real median household income was $70,784 in 2021, not statistically different from the 2020 estimate of $71,186.
Changes in median income reflect several trends: the aging of the population, changing patterns in work and schooling, and the evolving makeup of the American family, as well as long- and short-term trends in the economy itself. For instance, the retirement of the Baby Boom generation should push down overall median income, as more persons enter lower-income retirement. However, analysis of different working age groups indicate a similar pattern of stagnating median income as well.
Journalist Annie Lowrey wrote in September 2014: "The root causes [of wage stagnation] include technological change, the decline of labor unions, and globalization, economists think, though they disagree sharply on how much to weight each factor. But foreign-produced goods became sharply cheaper, meaning imports climbed and production moved overseas. And computers took over for humans in many manufacturing, clerical, and administrative tasks, eroding middle-class jobs growth and suppressing wages."
Measured relative to GDP, total compensation and its component wages and salaries have been declining since 1970. This indicates a shift in income from labor (persons who derive income from hourly wages and salaries) to capital (persons who derive income via ownership of businesses, land and assets). This trend is common across the developed world, due in part to globalization. Wages and salaries have fallen from approximately 51% GDP in 1970 to 43% GDP in 2013. Total compensation has fallen from approximately 58% GDP in 1970 to 53% GDP in 2013.
However, as indicated by the charts below, household income has still increased significantly since the late 1970s and early 80s in real terms, partly due to higher individual median wages, and partly due to increased employment of women.
According to the CBO, between 1979 and 2011, gross median household income, adjusted for inflation, rose from $59,400 to $75,200, or 26.5%. However, once adjusted for household size and looking at taxes from an after-tax perspective, real median household income grew 46%, representing significant growth.
The following table summarizes real median household income at key recent milestones:
Uses
Use of individual household income: The government and organizations may look at one particular household's income to decide if a person is eligible for certain programs, such as nutrition assistance or need-based financial aid, among many others.
Use at the aggregate level: Summaries of household incomes across groups of people – often the entire country – are also studied as part of economic trends like standard of living and distribution of income and wealth. Household income as an economic measure can be represented as a median, a mean, a distribution, and other ways. Household income can be studied across time, region, education level, race/ethnicity, and many other dimensions. As an indicator of economic trends, it may be studied along with related economic measures such as disposable income, debt, household net worth (which includes debt and investments, durable goods like cars and houses), wealth, and employment statistics.
Median inflation-adjusted ("real") household income
Median inflation-adjusted ("real") household income generally increases and decreases with the business cycle, declining in each year during the periods 1979 through 1983, 1990 through 1993, 2000 through 2004 and 2008 through 2012, while rising in each of the intervening years. Extreme poverty in the United States, meaning households living on less than $2 per person per day before government benefits, more than doubled in absolute terms from 636,000 to 1.46 million households (including 2.8 million children) between 1996 and 2011, with most of this increase occurring between late 2008 and early 2011. A 2012 study by the Urban Institute found that 75% of adults in "deep poverty" had not worked in the previous year.
CBO income growth study
The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office conducted a study analyzing household income throughout the income distribution, by combining the Census and IRS income data sources. Unlike the Census measure of household income, the CBO showed income before and after taxes, and by also taking into account household size. Also, the CBO definition of income is much broader, and includes in kind transfers as well as all monetary transfers from the government. The Census' official definition of money income excludes food stamps and the EITC, for example, while CBO includes it.
Between 1979 and 2011, gross median household income, adjusted for inflation, rose from $59,400 to $75,200, or 26.5%. This compares with the Census' growth of 10%. However, once adjusted for household size and looking at taxes from an after-tax perspective, real median household income grew 46%, representing significant growth.
While median gross household income showed much stronger growth than depicted by the Census, inequality was shown to still have increased. The top 10% saw gross household income grow by 78%, versus 26.5% for the median. The bottom 10%, using the same measure, saw higher growth than the median (40%).
Since 1980, U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has increased 67%, while median household income has only increased by 15%. Median household income is a politically sensitive indicator. Voters can be critical of their government if they perceive that their cost of living is rising faster than their income.
The early-2000s recession began with the bursting of the dot-com bubble and affected most advanced economies including the European Union, Japan and the United States. An economic recession will normally cause household incomes to decrease, often by as much as 10%.
The late-2000s recession began with the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble, which caused a problem in the dangerously exposed sub prime-mortgage market. This in turn triggered a global financial crisis. In constant price, 2011 American median household income was 1.13% lower than what it was in 1989. This corresponds to a 0.05% annual decrease over a 22-year period. In the meantime, GDP per capita has increased by 33.8% or 1.33% annually.
A study on US Census income data claims that when using the national accounting methodology, U.S. gross median household income was $57,739 in 2010 (table 3).
In 2015, the US median household income spiked 5.2 per cent, reaching $56,000, making it the first annual hike in median household income since the start of the Great Recession.
Mean household income
Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income, which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean income in the United States is higher than the median income, with the top earning households boosting it. Overall, the mean household income in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641.
The U.S. Census Bureau provides the following breakdown by self-identified ethnic groups as of March 2018:
Aggregate income distribution
The aggregate income measures the combined income earned by all persons in a particular income group. In 2018, the total personal income earned in the United States was $17.6 trillion. In 2008, all households in the United States earned roughly $12,442.2 billion. One half, 49.98%, of all income in the US was earned by households with an income over $100,000, the top twenty percent. Over one quarter, 28.5%, of all income was earned by the top 8%, those households earning more than $150,000 a year. The top 3.65%, with incomes over $200,000, earned 17.5%. Households with annual incomes from $50,000 to $75,000, 18.2% of households, earned 16.5% of all income. Households with annual incomes from $50,000 to $95,000, 28.1% of households, earned 28.8% of all income. The bottom 10.3% earned 1.06% of all income.
Racial and ethnic groups
Americans who identified as White alone, headed up roughly 77.79% of all households in 2021, but those same households comprised 81.43% of households in the top 5% of household income. Conversely, Americans who identified as Black alone headed up only 5.33% of households in the top 5%, whereas such households made up 13.49% of all households.
Overall, households headed by Hispanic and Black Americans were underrepresented in the top two quintiles and overrepresented in the bottom two quintiles. Households headed by people who identified as being Asian alone were also overrepresented among the top two quintiles. In the top five percent the percentage of Asians was nearly twice as high as the percentage of Asians among the general population. White households are underrepresented in the lowest quintile and slightly overrepresented in the top two quintiles and the top five percent.
In terms of race in 2020 data, Asian-American households had the highest median household income of $94,903, White households ranked second with $74,912, Hispanic or Latino households ranked third with $55,321. African-American or Black households had the lowest median household income of all races with $45,870.
Source: US Census Bureau, 2021
Education and gender
Household income as well as per capita income in the United States rise significantly as the educational attainment increases. In 2005 graduates with a Master's in Business Administration (MBA) who accepted job offers were expected to earn a base salary of $88,626. They were also expected to receive an "average signing bonus of $17,428."
According to the US Census Bureau persons with doctorates in the United States had an average income of roughly $81,400. The average for an advanced degree was $72,824, with men averaging $90,761 and women averaging $50,756 annually. Year-round full-time workers with a professional degree had an average income of $109,600 while those with a master's degree had an average income of $62,300. Overall, "…[a]verage earnings ranged from $18,900 for high school dropouts to $25,900 for high school graduates, $45,400 for college graduates and $99,300 for workers with professional degrees (M.D., O.D., D.P.T., D.P.M., D.O., J.D., Pharm.D., D.D.S., or D.V.M.)."
Individuals with graduate degrees have an average per capita income exceeding the median household income of married couple families among the general population ($63,813 annually). Higher educational attainment did not, however, help close the income gap between the genders as the life-time earnings for a male with a professional degree were roughly forty percent (39.59%) higher than those of a female with a professional degree. The lifetime earnings gap between males and females was the smallest for those individuals holding an associate degrees with male life-time earnings being 27.77% higher than those of females. While educational attainment did not help reduce the income inequality between men and women, it did increase the earnings potential of individuals of both sexes, enabling many households with one or more graduate degree householders to enter the top household income quintile. These data were not adjusted for preferential differences among men and women whom attend college.
Household income also increased significantly with the educational attainment of the householder. The US Census Bureau publishes educational attainment and income data for all households with a householder who was aged twenty-five or older. The biggest income difference was between those with some college education and those who had a Bachelor's degree, with the latter making $23,874 more annually. Income also increased substantially with increased post-secondary education. While the median annual household income for a household with a householder having an associate degree was $51,970, the median annual household income for householders with a bachelor's degree or higher was $73,446. Those with doctorates had the second highest median household with a median of $96,830; $18,289 more than that for those at the master's degree level, but $3,170 lower than the median for households with a professional degree holding householder.
Distribution of household income by educational attainment and gender in 2019 according to US Census data
The change in median personal and household since 1991 also varied greatly with educational attainment. The following table shows the median household income according to the educational attainment of the householder. All data is in 2003 dollars and only applies to householders whose householder is aged twenty-five or older. The highest and lowest points of the median household income are presented in bold face. Since 2003, median income has continued to rise for the nation as a whole, with the biggest gains going to those with associate degrees, bachelor's degree or more, and master's degrees. High-school dropouts fared worse with negative growth. Source: US Census Bureau, 2003
Age of householder
Household income in the United States varies substantially with the age of the person who heads the household. Overall, the median household income increased with the age of householder until retirement age when household income started to decline. The highest median household income was found among households headed by working baby-boomers.
Households headed by persons between the ages of 45 and 54 had a median household income of $61,111 and a mean household income of $77,634. The median income per member of household for this particular group was $27,924. The highest median income per member of household was among those between the ages of 54 and 64 with $30,544 [The reason this figure is lower than the next group is because pensions and Social Security add to income while a portion of older individuals also have work-related income.].
The group with the second highest median household income, were households headed by persons between the ages 35 and 44 with a median income of $56,785, followed by those in the age group between 55 and 64 with $50,400. Not surprisingly the lowest income group was composed of those households headed by individuals younger than 24, followed by those headed by persons over the age of 75. Overall, households headed by persons above the age of seventy-five had a median household income of $20,467 with the median household income per member of household being $18,645. These figures support the general assumption that median household income as well as the median income per member of household peaked among those households headed by middle aged persons, increasing with the age of the householder and the size of the household until the householder reaches the age of 64. With retirement income replacing salaries and the size of the household declining, the median household income decreases as well.
Household size
While median household income has a tendency to increase up to four persons per household, it declines for households beyond four persons. For example, in the state of Alabama in 2004, two-person households had a median income of $39,755, with $48,957 for three-person households, $54,338 for four-person households, $50,905 for five-person households, $45,435 for six-person households, with seven-or-more-person households having the second lowest median income of only $42,471.
Geography and Socioeconomic correlations
Considering other racial and geographical differences in regards to household income, it should come as no surprise that the median household income varies with race, size of household and geography. The state with the highest median household income in the United States as of the US Census Bureau 2009 is Maryland with $69,272, followed by New Jersey, Connecticut and Alaska, making the Northeastern United States the wealthiest area by income in the entire country.
Regionally, in 2010, the Northeast reached a median income of $53,283, the West, $53,142, the South, $45,492, and the Midwest, $48,445. Each figure represents a decline from the previous year.
Median household income by state
In 2007, the median household income by state ranged from $36,338 in Mississippi to $68,080 in Maryland. Despite having the highest median home price in the nation and home prices that far outpaced incomes, California ranked only eighth in income that year, with a median household income of $59,984. While California's median income was not near enough to afford the average California home or even a starter home, West Virginia, which had one of the nation's lowest median household incomes, also had the nation's lowest median home price.
When grouped by Census Bureau Region, of the 15 states that, in 2017, had the highest median household income, only Minnesota is located in the Mid-West. Five are in the Northeast (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Rhode Island), three are South Atlantic states (Washington D.C., Maryland and Virginia) while the remaining six are in the West (Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Washington and Utah).
The southern states had, on average, the lowest median household income, with nine of the country's fifteen poorest states located in the South. However, most of the poverty in the South is located in rural areas. Metropolitan areas such as Atlanta, Nashville, Charlotte, Raleigh, Birmingham, Dallas, Houston, and Miami are areas within the southern states that have above average income levels. Overall, median household income tended to be the highest in the nation's most urbanized northeastern, upper midwestern and west coast states, while rural areas, mostly in the southern and mountain states (like New Mexico, Montana and Idaho), had the lowest median household income.
As of 2019, the median household income ranged from $20,474 in Puerto Rico to $92,266 in the District of Columbia. Note that the U.S. Census Bureau treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state (Puerto Rico is included in the American Community Survey).
All data is from the 2009–2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.
* change since 2009
The median personal income per person, after adjusting for costs of living with local regional price parities and the national PCE price index, averaged $47,807 in 2016 (in 2012 chained dollars). Median adjusted personal income per capita varied from $39,901 in Mississippi to $61,601 in Connecticut (and $64,363 in the District of Columbia). The states closest to the national average were California and Vermont, at $48,384 and $47,971 respectively.
Median household income by U.S. territory
Below is the median household income for the U.S. territories in 2010 (for four of the five inhabited territories). Note that Puerto Rico is not included in this table, and is instead included in the table above (because Puerto Rico is included in the ACS, as if it were a state).
Counties and their correlations between Median Household Income and other factors
There are 3,144 counties and county-equivalents in the United States. The source used is the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Below is the median household income, majority minority status and Presidential election voting history for each county or their equivalent, with an income greater than or equal $75,000, in the United States for each category as used by the map above.
Social class
Household income is one of the most commonly used measures of income and, therefore, also one of the most prominent indicators of social class. Household income and education do not, however, always reflect perceived class status correctly. Sociologist Dennis Gilbert acknowledges that "... the class structure... does not exactly match the distribution of household income" with "the mismatch [being] greatest in the middle..." (Gilbert, 1998: 92) As social classes commonly overlap, it is not possible to define exact class boundaries.
According to Leonard Beeghley a household income of roughly $95,000 would be typical of a dual-earner middle class household while $60,000 would be typical of a dual-earner working class household and $18,000 typical for an impoverished household. William Thompson and Joseph Hickey see common incomes for the upper class as those exceeding $500,000 with upper middle class incomes ranging from the high 5-figures to most commonly in excess of $100,000. They claim the lower middle class ranges from $35,000 to $75,000; $16,000 to $30,000 for the working class and less than $2,000 for the lower class.
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WIKI
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Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü
Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü (11 March 1947 – 17 September 2017) was an Indian public and student leader. He also served as the vice-president of the Naga People's Front.
Early life
Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü was born on 11 March 1947 to an Angami Naga family from Viswema. Tsükrü did his early education from John Government High School in Viswema and later completed his graduation from St. Anthony College in Shillong.
Career
Tsükrü served as president of Naga Students' Union, Shillong. Later, he served as the President of the Angami Public Organization and the Naga Students' Federation.
In May 2013, Tsükrü was appointed as the vice-president of the Naga People's Front.
Death
Tsükrü passed away on 17 September 2017 at Kohima's Bethel Medical Centre, aged 70.
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karl Ferris
The result was keep. (non-admin closure) buidhe 05:26, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
Karl Ferris
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Dramatically undersourced, largely autobiographical. Guy (help!) 09:26, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Artists-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 09:29, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 09:29, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Keep and neutralize. I fully agree with both of Guy's arguments. The article is mostly unsourced and has been significantly edited by a user that claims to be the subject himself. I moved it myself to draft space for improvement but it was moved back after pointed out that his article had been in Wikipedia for more that 10 years (see here). I considered an AfD nomination myself, but a WP:BEFORE search revealed sufficient coverage by multiple reliable sources to meet WP:GNG. Most contents of the article need to be trimmed but the subject does seem to meet our notability guidelines. I have added citation notices and if it is not improved in a few days, I will add some references to source some key facts and remove all the remaining unsourced content. --Crystallizedcarbon (talk) 12:30, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* I agree, thank you for doing that. Caro7200 (talk) 12:49, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Keep I had no trouble finding sources. One of note is his Donovan album cover is included in the UK National Portrait Gallery, with Ferris listed as the author. There is clearly a lot more sourcing out there. ThatMontrealIP (talk) 13:22, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Keep deletion is not cleanup, but yes, the article can be trimmed until each of the lines can be vetted. A lot of it will end up being sourced by his interviews, but there are articles such as NME that should keep it around. That he did the cover art for some of the most notable albums in music history establishes notability. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 14:16, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Are You Experienced has a detailed paragraph with citations concerning Ferris. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 15:53, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
* Keep - Article needed improvement not deletion, and it has been considerably improved since it was nominated. Without question, the artist meets GNG and NARTIST. Netherzone (talk) 15:41, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Charles Robert Darwin arrived to the Galapagos Islands in 1831 on board of the Beagle. During this historic voyage, Darwin visited Cabo Verde, Rio de Janeiro, Chile, Peru, Tahiti and other places. Everything is collected in Journal and Remarks, the book he wrote in 1839. In chapter 19, he explains his expedition at Galapagos Archipelago.
The most interesting fact is that when Charles Darwin began his trip, he expected to reinforce the idea of creationism. In Darwin’s time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the Creator, God. In fact, during this first voyage, his conclusions were connected with these expectations.
He wrote the Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world. In the first edition he claimed that Galapagos wildlife was very similar to what he had found on the South American continent. In later editions, his point of view had changed, which was the seed of his theory of evolutionism.
Most people don’t know the real reason why Darwin was inspired by Galapagos Islands. It is not just the biodiversity of the Islands what made them develop the theory of evolutionism, but a particular fact that happens in the Enchanted Islands. There are more than 18 different islands in the Archipelago, and the curious thing that amazed him was that there were species that varied from island to island, such as the different types of finches that could be found there. It inspired the idea of natural selection.
Natural selection, as Darwin explained, means that species suffer variations if it is useful for their circumstances, as the most adapted survive. “As natural selection acts by competition for resources, it adapts the inhabitants of each country only in relation to the degree of perfection of their associates” (Charles Darwin on The origin of Species). In other words, the same finch that lives in an island and another, evolves differently according to the surrounding.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Hazard effects of high-speed flow from methane-hydrogen premixed explosions
Authors
Abstract
Explosions are the main types of accidents causing casualties in underground mines. The high-speed flow caused by gas expansion and inertia is a main damage factor in gas explosion accidents, but the issue has not yet received considerable attentions. In this study, the propagation of pressure wave and combustion wave from methane-hydrogen premixed explosions were studied in a pipe with a close end and an open end. Analysis and comparison between pressure speeds and flame speeds were performed. On this basic, the hazard effects of dynamic pressure caused by high-speed flow were investigated. The results show that the addition of hydrogen can speed up propagation of pressure waves and combustion waves and that detonation is achieved at high hydrogen contents but not for low hydrogen contents. Additionally, the high-speed flow is a kind of high temperature airflow with a very high speed of dozens of meters even up to hundreds of meters per second. High-speed airflows can bring about high dynamic pressures, which are on the same order of magnitude as statistic pressures, even higher than statistics pressure at the pipe opening end. Compared with impacts of blast pressure, the damages of high-speed flow can last for a longer time. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 85–93, 2014
Ancillary
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Two lines - One Computer
Discussion in 'Hardware' started by Predictor, Oct 29, 2001.
1. Hi. Is it possible to have 2 network cards in one computer. One network card is for a dedicated line, the other is for a cable modem. Running windows 2000. If it is possible, will the computer Pentium 4, run with normal speed, and how many applications would it be possible to run on the machine with decent speed.
Thanks for all your help
2. Yes, you can put as many NICs you computer can take.
As for connection, only 1 is allowed. I used @Home cable modem, and you have to use the computer name provided. That is how their network recognised you computer.
3. LelandC
LelandC
Can you tell me how to start a new thread?
Thanks
4. kensmith
kensmith
I have win2000 with two nic cards. One with broadband and the other high speed cable. Being in UK I lose my USA connections a couple of times each day. It takes about 30 secs to switch from one to another and log back on to software.
Its must to have backup these days. I also have backup PCs.
Ken
5. Can windows recognize 2 network cards? One being with specific ip addresses, the other with static dhcp adresses?
6. Kensmith, is it possible to run both nic cards at the same time?
7. kensmith
kensmith
<i>Kensmith, is it possible to run both nic cards at the same time?</i>
Yes. But if the I lose connection it does not automatically go to other connection.
So I go to Settings, Network and Dial up connections and disable local area connection1 and enable local area connection2. Or other way round.
Ken
8. Fletch
Fletch
As someone else stated... you can have as many network cards as your system can handle, but your computer will pick the first one available to route your Internet connection through. If that connection goes down then your access to the Internet will usually stop. The quickest way I have found to switch connections is with Windows 2000... you can quickly disable one card and enable the other. I then share this connection to the other computers on my network. through a third network card.
IMO, the best solution for redundancy is to have two computers, each with a seperate Internet connection.
fletch
9. vikana
vikana Moderator
I like Fletch's recommendation.
Consider having the 2nd pc be a laptop with a modem. That way you will be operational even if power is out. My laptop also has an ethernet Card, so the modem is only for panics.
10. MrX
MrX
There is one other solution, after looking around for a while I found http://www.nexland.com/.
Their ISBPro800 router allows you to hook up two broadband connections and a modem or ISDN backup. I use it with ATT cable modem and earthlink DSL and it works great. The beauty of it is that you are sharing both connections so if one goes down you don't even notice. :D
#10 Oct 29, 2001
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Avg. Rating 3.0
Tags:
Problem
I want to establish a communication between a Flex Application and a PHP application using the AMF protocol. The problem is that AMFPHP is somewhat outdated and poorly coded. Is there another solution I can use?
Solution
Of course, there is. Zend AMF is a new component in the Zend Framework which allows you to create a really neat Gateway in a few steps.
Detailed explanation
The Flex application
I have a simple application with a Button. When I click on that button, a request is sent to my webserver. This request is processed and sent back as a response to my Flex application. Finally, my application will show an alert box if the response is "valid".
package com.palleas.component
{
import flash.events.MouseEvent;
import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
import mx.rpc.remoting.RemoteObject;
import spark.components.Application;
import spark.components.Button;
public class Facade extends Application
{
protected var trigger:spark.components.Button;
public function Facade()
{
super();
}
override protected function createChildren() : void
{
super.createChildren();
trigger = new Button();
trigger.label = "Click me, dude !";
trigger.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, triggerClickHandler);
addElement(trigger);
}
protected function triggerClickHandler(e:MouseEvent):void
{
// do something
}
}
}
On the PHP side:
<?php
set_include_path(get_include_path().PATH_SEPARATOR.dirname(__FILE__).'/../');
require_once 'Zend/Amf/Server.php';
class Geek
{
public $firstName;
public $lastName;
public $os;
}
class GeekService
{
public function registerAsAUberGeek($firstName, $lastName, $os)
{
$geek = new Geek();
$geek->firstName = $firstName;
$geek->lastname = $lastName;
$geek->os = $os;
return $geek;
}
}
$serverHandler = new Zend_Amf_Server();
$serverHandler->setClass('GeekService');
$serverHandler->setClassMap('com.palleas.vo.Geek','Geek');
echo $serverHandler->handle();
Let's explain it a bit :
set_include_path(get_include_path().PATH_SEPARATOR.dirname(__FILE__).'/../');
require_once 'Zend/Amf/Server.php';
What I am saying here is that "this is where you have to look for the Zend Framework" and "Please load the Zend_Amf_Server" Class. I know it seems overly simple to explain it this way but 1.) it is fun for me and 2.) it makes it very easy to understand.
Class Geek {
// ...
}
This is my "PHP value object". I put it in my gateway file but of course it is much cleaner to put it in a "value-object", in the same package structure than the Actionscript value Object I'll show you in the next part of this recipe:
Actionscript path : com.palleas.vo.Geek
PHP path : com/palleas/vo/Geek.php
This way, it's easier for you to find something.
class GeekService {
// ...
}
This is where all the methods of my geek service will be written. Every request from my Flex application will call on these methods.
$serverHandler = new Zend_Amf_Server();
$serverHandler->setClass('GeekService');
$serverHandler->setClassMap('com.palleas.vo.Geek','Geek');
echo $serverHandler->handle();
There, i'm creating the objet which will handle the AMF request. This line :
$serverHandler->setClassMap('com.palleas.vo.Geek','Geek');
The above is probably the most important piece as it makes the "class mapping" work. Remember, class mapping is a way for Flex (Flash actually) and PHP to communicate throught objects. The first parameter is the "real name" of the class, the second is the name of the binded PHP class.
Back on the ActionScript side
First, we create the same "Geek" value-object as an Actionscript class :
package com.palleas.vo
{
[RemoteClass(alias="com.palleas.vo.Geek")]
public class Geek
{
public var firstName:String;
public var lastName:String;
public var os:String;
}
}
You have probably noticed the new "RemoteClass" metatag. Just as the "setClassMap" did on the PHP side, this is how Flex specifies the "real name" of the Class.
The remote manager
Now it's time to make our Flex application fall in love with PHP, thanks to the awesone AMF protocol. To do that, let's use a RemoteObject, and a few parameters:
// ...
remotingManager = new RemoteObject("GeekService");
remotingManager.source = "GeekService";
remotingManager.endpoint = "http://labo.palleas.com/PHP/demoAMF/gateway.php";
remotingManager.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT, faultServiceHandler);
remotingManager.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT, resultServiceHandler);
// ...
(The first "GeekService" parameter is only specified to identify my service, which is useful when you configure all your services in a separate XML file)
The source and the endpoint parameters are the most important. The "source" parameter specifies which service we are going to use (here, it's "GeekService") and the "endpoint" is the URL to my gateway.
Last, but not least, we have two listeners handling the response of the remoting manager.
protected function faultServiceHandler(e:FaultEvent):void
{
Alert.show("Woops, an error occured !");
}
protected function resultServiceHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
{
if(!(e.result is Geek))
{
return;
}
var newGeek:Geek = Geek(e.result);
var message:String = "Yay!";
message += newGeek.lastname + " " + newGeek.firstname;
message += " is now registered as a UberGeek !";
Alert.show(message);
}
I'm now calling the "registerAsAGeek" operation, when the user clicks on the button:
protected function triggerClickHandler(e:MouseEvent):void
{
remotingManager.registerAsAUberGeek("Uber", "Geek", "Mac OS X");
}
And that's it for this simple use of Zend_AMF!
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Related recipes
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Berendsen thermostat
The Berendsen thermostat is an algorithm to re-scale the velocities of particles in molecular dynamics simulations to control the simulation temperature.
Basic description
In this scheme, the system is weakly coupled to a heat bath with some temperature. The thermostat suppresses fluctuations of the kinetic energy of the system and therefore cannot produce trajectories consistent with the canonical ensemble. The temperature of the system is corrected such that the deviation exponentially decays with some time constant $$\tau $$.
* $$\frac{dT}{dt}=\frac{T_0-T}{\tau}$$
Though the thermostat does not generate a correct canonical ensemble (especially for small systems), for large systems on the order of hundreds or thousands of atoms/molecules, the approximation yields roughly correct results for most calculated properties. The scheme is widely used due to the efficiency with which it relaxes a system to some target (bath) temperature. In many instances, systems are initially equilibrated using the Berendsen scheme, while properties are calculated using the widely known Nosé–Hoover thermostat, which correctly generates trajectories consistent with a canonical ensemble. However, the Berendsen thermostat can result in the flying ice cube effect, an artifact which can be eliminated by using the more rigorous Bussi–Donadio–Parrinello thermostat; for this reason, it has been recommended that usage of the Berendsen thermostat be discontinued in almost all cases except for replication of prior studies.
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WIKI
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Last modified on 20 April 2015, at 22:10
HyperText Markup Language/Conditional Comments
Conditional comments are a proprietary extension to Microsoft Internet Explorer for Windows (IE/win) version 5.0 and later. They are not available in Internet Explorer for Mac (IE/mac). They are a very useful way of handling the CSS bugs in the various versions of Internet Explorer.
SyntaxEdit
An ordinary (X)HTML comment looks like this:
<!-- This text will be ignored by the browser. -->
Conditional comments add additional syntax to comments. The simplest example is:
<!--[if IE]> This text will be shown by IE/win ver. 5.0 and higher. <![endif]-->
Browsers that don't understand the conditional comment syntax will process this as a normal comment, i.e. the content of the comment will be ignored.
Specific versions of IE/win can be targeted by changing the expression after the if. For example to target any version of IE/win with a major version of 5 use:
<!--[if IE 5]> The major version number of this browser is 5. <![endif]-->
The text will display in IE/win versions 5.0 and 5.5.
To target a specific version number, e.g. 5.0, the syntax is slightly quirky.
• <!--[if IE 5.0]> You are using IE/win 5.0. <![endif]-->
• <!--[if IE 5.5000]> You are using IE/win 5.5. <![endif]-->
• <!--[if IE 6.0]> You are using IE/win 6.0. <![endif]-->
Inequalities can be used in the expression by placing an operator before the IE. The operators are:
lt
less than (but at least version 5.0 which is the lowest version supporting conditional comments)
lte
less than or equal (but at least version 5.0 which is the lowest version supporting conditional comments)
gt
greater than
gte
greater than or equals
Example:
<!--[if gte IE 6]> This text will be shown by IE/win ver. 6.0 and higher. <![endif]-->
All the expressions can be negated by prefixing with !, e.g.
<!--[if !gte IE 6]> This text will be shown by verions of IE/win ver. below 6 that support conditional comments. <![endif]-->
<!--[if !IE]> This text will be not be shown by any version of IE/win that understands conditional comments. It won't be shown by any other browsers either because they will treat this as a normal comment. <![endif]-->
The second example may seem pointless but with a small tweak you can arrange to hide text from IE/win version 5 and above.
<!--[if !IE]>--> This text will be not be shown by any version of IE/win that understands conditional comments. It will be shown by other browsers because they will treat this as text sandwiched between two normal comments. <!--<![endif]-->
The following HTML document is a working example.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Conditional comments</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--[if !IE]>-->
<p>This is page is not being viewed with Internet Explorer for Windows version 5.0 or higher.</p>
<!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE]>
<p>This is page is being viewed with Internet Explorer for Windows version 5.0 or higher.</p>
<![endif]-->
</body>
</html>
Use with CSSEdit
Conditional comments can be used to pass additional stylesheets to IE/win. These stylesheets can provide fixes to layout bugs in IE/win. The basic idea is:
<head>
<title>Conditional comments</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<!--[if IE 5]>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bugFixForIE5x.css">
<![endif]-->
</head>
External linksEdit
These tests for conditional comments on Position is Everything may help you understand the quirks of conditional comments.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Once again there are urgent security patches released for Windows, and this time the problems they fix are “potentially catastrophic” issues with the encryption stack. This is why you should have Windows install updates automatically.
It’s possible you leap into action every time you see the security notification, but many people don’t. And, if you do, what’s the point of installing critical security updates manually? Just have them install themselves.
Patches Should Be Installed as Soon As Possible
You often need to patch security problems as soon as possible to fix whatever the problem is. After a patch is released, the security hole becomes public knowledge if it wasn’t already. Attackers now know the problem and can rush to start exploiting it as soon as possible before people update. Attackers know business and home users are often slow to update, and they can wreak some havoc in the time before people patch.
Just selecting “manually install updates” and installing updates when you remember to do so isn’t really good enough. You want Windows Update to install those updates for you automatically. For software like your web browser and browser plug-ins, you also want to leave automatic updates enabled — thankfully, that’s the default these days. If you disable automatic updates for Firefox, Flash, Adobe Reader, or other important software, you should go turn them back on right now.
It’s Not As Annoying As You Think
Automatic updates get a bad rap. In Windows XP and Windows Vista, your computer might automatically install updates while you get up for a coffee break and have rebooted itself by the time you get back. You could lose all your work if you weren’t there to stop the 10-minute automatic reboot countdown. This led to many people disabling those automatic updates.
But Windows has improved since then. Windows 7 and 8 are configured to install updates at more convenient times, often when you reboot or shut down your PC if possible. On Windows 8 and 8.1, there’s a much longer grace period — you see a “you recently updated, so you need to reboot your PC” message, but your computer will wait three entire days before rebooting on its own. You’ll have plenty of time to restart on your own terms without losing your work.
That’s right: You don’t have to click a button every four hours to postpone the reboot. You can actually use your computer without being harassed! If only Windows 8 and 8.1 didn’t have so many other problems that are making people cling to Windows 7.
This Registry Hack Prevents Automatic Reboots
RELATED: Prevent Windows Update from Forcibly Rebooting Your Computer
If you’d like to avoid the automatic reboots entirely, you can. A registry hack allows you to prevent these automatic reboots from occurring. You can then enable automatic updates and get on with your life, secure in the knowledge that your computer won’t automatically reboot itself when you step away. The registry hack flips a setting you can change in group policy on Professional and Enterprise editions of Windows.
Big Problems Are Rare
Some people are scared to install updates because of potential system problems, from blue screens and corrupted Windows installations to various other issues. And, indeed, Microsoft’s Windows Updates seem to have had more problems than usual lately.
Such problems have been very rare. This year, there was an update for Windows 7 that caused blue screens of death on some PCs. Aside from that, we’ve seen a few botched updates but no updates that led to blue screens like that. In some cases, driver updates have broken some drivers. In 2009, a McAfee antivirus update made some computers unbootable, but that only affected computers running that particular antivirus — one we wouldn’t necessarily recommend.
RELATED: What to Do When Windows Won't Boot
Exactly how many computers were affected by these problems? We don’t have any good data that tells us this, but it’s a minuscule percentage of people. On the other hand, there are millions and millions of computers that are part of botnets, often because they refused to install security updates and ended up infected. Some people have estimated that 500 million computers each year become part of botnets. Far, far fewer computers than that experience problems with updates.
Spend any time at all on the Internet and you’ll realize that malware is a much bigger problem than Windows Update breaking computers. One is very rare — and can be fixed with System Restore or a similar recovery feature if it ever happens — while one is much more common and can result in the theft of your important data.
Optional Updates Are Optional
You’re free to ignore optional updates for a while, if you like. You can choose what you want to do with optional updates in your Windows Update settings, and you could have Windows only install critical security updates. You could then install optional updates on your own schedule. If you’re really worried, this would reduce the amount of potential update problems you experience while ensuring you get the critical security updates you need.
To do this, visit the Windows Update settings in the Control Panel and uncheck the “Give me recommended updates the same way I receive important updates” checkbox.
Even if you consider yourself an advanced Windows geek who knows what you’re doing, this is especially critical if you’re setting up someone else’s computer. They should be getting Windows Updates automatically so they don’t end up ignoring the notification and never installing updates.
If you instantly install the updates every time you see them, you technically don’t need to do this. But, if you’re instantly installing the updates, why not just have them installed automatically? If the reason is to avoid reboots, Windows 8 is better about this and all versions of Windows allow you to avoid that annoying reboot with a single registry hack. Windows will also allow you to install updates while restarting or shutting down your computer, so Windows respects your time much more than it used to. Automatic updates are critical for Windows users.
Profile Photo for Chris Hoffman Chris Hoffman
Chris Hoffman is Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. He's written about technology for over a decade and was a PCWorld columnist for two years. Chris has written for The New York Times and Reader's Digest, been interviewed as a technology expert on TV stations like Miami's NBC 6, and had his work covered by news outlets like the BBC. Since 2011, Chris has written over 2,000 articles that have been read more than one billion times---and that's just here at How-To Geek.
Read Full Bio »
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Python
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README.md
Naked Tensor
This is a bare bones example of TensorFlow, a machine learning package published by Google. You will not find a simpler introduction to it.
In each example, a straight line is fit to some data. Values for the slope and y-intercept of the line that best fit the data are determined using gradient descent. If you do not know about gradient descent, check out the Wikipedia page.
alt text
After creating the required variables, the error between the data and the line is defined. The definition of the error is plugged into the optimizer. TensorFlow is then started and the optimizer is repeatedly called. This iteratively fits the line to the data by minimizing the error.
Read the scripts in this order:
• serial.py
• tensor.py
• bigdata.py
Serial.py
The purpose of this script is to illustrate the nuts and bolts of a TensorFlow model. The script makes it easy to understand how the model is put together. The error between the data and the line is defined using a for loop. Because of the way the error is defined, the calculation runs in serial.
Tensor.py
This script goes a step farther than serial.py although it actually requires fewer lines of code. The outline of the code is the same as before except this time the error is defined using tensor operations. Because tensors are used, the code can run in parallel.
You see, each point of data is treated as being independent and identically sampled. Because each point of data is assumed to be independent, the calculations are too. When you use tensors, each point of data is run on separate computing cores. There are 8 points of data, so if you have a computer with eight cores it should run almost eight times faster.
BigData.py
You are one buzzword away from being a professional. Instead of fitting a line to just eight datapoints, we will now fit a line to 8-million datapoints. Welcome to big data.
There are two major changes in the code. The first is bookkeeping. Because of all the data, the error must be defined using placeholders instead of actual data. Later in the code, the data is fed through the placeholders. The second change is that because we have so much data, only a sample of data is fed into the model at any given time. Each time an operation of gradient descent is called, a new sample of data is fed into the model. By sampling the dataset, TensorFlow never has to deal with the entire dataset at once. This works surprisingly well and there is theory that says it is okay to do this. There are a few conditions that the theory says are important, like the step size must decrease with each iteration. For now, who cares! It works.
Conclusion
As you worked through the scripts, you hopefully saw how the error can be anything you wanted it to be. It could be the error between a set of images and a convolutional neural network. It could be the error between classical music and a recurrent neural network. Let your imagination run wild. Once the error is defined, you can use TensorFlow to try and minimize it.
That's it. Hopefully you found this tutorial enlightening.
Requirements
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Titanium
[TIMOB-1825] Android: TableView (layout 2), unable to generate click event for comment, user or date
GitHub Issuen/a
TypeBug
PriorityMedium
StatusClosed
ResolutionFixed
Resolution Date2012-07-16T17:47:58.000+0000
Affected Version/sn/a
Fix Version/sRelease 3.0.0
ComponentsAndroid
LabelsAPI, KitchenSink, qe-testadded
ReporterThomas Huelbert
AssigneeNeeraj Gupta
Created2011-04-15T03:03:13.000+0000
Updated2013-07-16T07:42:52.000+0000
Description
1.4.1.ec5d6d
1.Use a G1, nav to BaseUI>Views>TableViews>Table View (layout 2)
2.tap on the diff objects per row, specifically comment, user or date
results: you clicked null
Comments
1. Don Thorp 2011-04-15
Clicking on label says "null" in the test. Not sure what the underlying problem is. Clicking on the imageviews reports the right thing.
2. Josh Roesslein 2012-07-16 Verified this is fixed in current master.
3. Tamila Smolich 2012-08-14 Closing as fixed. Tested and verified on: Titanium Studio, build: 2.1.1.201208091713 Titanium SDK, build: 2.2.0.v20120813184911 Devices: Nexus 7 tab (4.1), HTC Evo (4.0.3), Android Emulator (2.2)
JSON Source
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
left hepatic vein
left he·pa·tic vein
[TA]
vein draining the medial segment [IV] and the left lateral segments [II & III] of the liver, a single or paired trunk of variable size that usually (90% of the time) merges with the middle hepatic vein before entering the terminal portion of the superior vena cava.
Synonym(s): venae hepaticae sinistrae [TA]
References in periodicals archive ?
Finally, the left hepatic vein was transected with an Echelon stapler [Figure 1]i.
The graft's left hepatic vein was anastomosed to the recipient inferior vena cava's lateral wall; bile duct to intestinal anastomosis and Roux-en-Y reconstruction were performed.
Placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt via the left hepatic vein under sonographic guidance in a patient with right hemihepatectomy.
Left branch of portal vein and left hepatic vein could only be followed shortly (Figure-1)
Gross angles between the right and middle hepatic vein and middle and left hepatic vein was measured after putting thin iron wires (0.
The recipient operation is similar to that of implantation of a cadaveric split left graft; the inferior vena cava (IVC) is preserved, the left hepatic vein is anastomosed to the recipient IVC, and the left portal vein of the graft is anastomosed to the main portal vein in the recipient.
Venous drainage was directly into the IVC via a large aberrant vein running parallel to the left hepatic vein, as well as into the left renal vein (Fig.
There was a small right lobe mostly occupied by a white, multinodular tumor, extending to segment IV and the left hepatic vein.
Left hepatic vein (LHV) was anastomosed with inferior vena cava (IVC) of the recipient, left portal vein (left portal vein) with LPV and left hepatic duct (LHD) with LHD of the recipient.
Morphogenesis of an anomalous ligamentum venosum terminating in the superior left hepatic vein in a human liver.
Routine Doppler interrogation of the hepatic vessels should include, when present, the main, right and left hepatic arteries and portal veins, as well as the middle, right, and left hepatic veins.
The retrohepatic cava is approximately 8 to 10 cm long, and it receives venous return from the large right, middle, and left hepatic veins.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Scosthrop
Scosthrop is a civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The population as taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Kirkby Malham.
The Meaning of Liff defines Scosthrop as "(vb): to make vague opening or cutting movements with the hands when wandering about looking for a tin opener, scissors, etc., in the hope that this will help in some way."
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WIKI
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Mohammad-Ali Khan (sepahsalar)
Mohammad-Ali Khan was a Safavid official and military commander of Lezgian origin. He served as a commander-in-chief of the army (sepahsalar) and as a governor (hakem) of the Erivan Province (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd), during the reign of king Sultan Husayn (1694-1722).
A nephew of grand vizier Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani (1716-1720), Mohammad-Ali Khan served during the chaotic years in which the Safavid state was crumbling and in a state of heavy decline. He was killed in 1716 following a revolt by the people of his province, and was succeeded by his twelve-year old (unnamed) son, who was also appointed governor (vali) of Georgia and of Tabriz.
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WIKI
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Plan - Survey
A survey allows you to create a grid flight pattern over a polygonal area. You can specify the polygon as well as the specifications for the grid and camera settings appropriate for creating geotagged images. To setup your camera for mapping please see this instruction video
To draw the polygon for your survey, click the "Draw" button and click in the map to set polygon vertices.
There are multiple options for a survey grid. You can select the main option from the dropdown at the top of the editor.
Manual Grid
The Manual Grid option allows you to specify all the values for generating the grid pattern over the polygon by hand.
• Grid angle - The angle for the parallel flight tracks of the grid. For example 0 degrees will generate parallel lines which travel north/south.
• Grid spacing - The distance between each parallel flight track.
• Altitude - The altitude to fly the entire grid pattern.
• Turnaround distance - The mount of additional distance to fly past the edge of the polygon before performing the turnaround for the next flight track.
• Trigger Distance - Used to trigger an image taken by the camera based on distance flown.
Camera
Selecting a known camera from the option dropdown allows you to generate a grid pattern based on the camera's specifications.
• Landscape/Portrait - Specifies the orientation that the camera is placed on the vehicle.
• Image Overap - Allows you to specify the amount of overlap you want between each image.
• Altitude - Selecting this value allows you to specify the altitude for the survey. The ground resolution will be calculated and shown for the specified altitude.
• Ground resolution - Selecting this value allows you to specify the ground resolution you want for each image. The altitude required to achieve this resolution is calculated and shown.
Custom Camera
The custom camera option is similar to the known camera option. The difference is that you must specify the details for the camera specifications yourself.
• Sensor width/height - The size of the image sensor of the camera.
• Image width/height - The resolution of the image captured by the camera.
• Focal Length - The focal length of the camera lens.
Hardware setup
To avoid autofocus and metering lag when the camera is triggered, the following guidelines should be followed :
• Manual focus to infinity
• Set camera to continuous shooting mode
• Manually set exposure and aperture
• ISO should be set as low as possible
• Manual white balance suitable for scene
Geotagging :
To Georeference the images you can remove the sd-card from the flight controller to copy the logfile from the flight. The logfile will be stored in the 'logs' subfolder under the date & time of the flight. To process the images QGroundControl should be installed on a PC or MAC computer.
Download/copy the logfile and images from the flight and point QGroundControl to them. Then click on "Start Tagging".
You can verify the geotagging using an online service like Pic2Map.
Pix4D can be used for 3D reconstruction.
results matching ""
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Awareness, use, attitude and perceived need for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) education among undergraduate pharmacy students in Sierra Leone: A descriptive cross-sectional survey
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Citation:
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 14 (1)
Issue Date:
2014-11-08
Full metadata record
© 2014 James and Bah. Background: The widespread use of CAM around the world requires health professionals including pharmacists to have the required knowledge to better advise their patients. This has lead to an increased need for the inclusion of CAM instruction into the mainstream undergraduate Pharmacy education. This study was designed to describe pharmacy students awareness, use, attitude and perceived need for CAM education at COMAHS-USL and at the same time, determine how these descriptive outcomes are influenced by the socio-demographic variables considered in this study. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students (n = 90) at the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone using a structured questionnaire. Chi square, fisher exact test, and general linear model univariate analysis were used to compare data between independent cohorts. Results: All 90 (100%) of the students were aware and have used (except Ayurveda) at least one of the listed CAM modalities. Herbal/Botanical/Supplements followed by Spirituality/Prayer were the most commonly known and used CAM modalities. Almost two thirds of students considered the CAM modalities they have used to be effective and not harmful. Overall, pharmacy students had a positive attitude towards CAM (Mean attitudinal score = 34.9 ± 4. 5 (range 19-43)) with fourth and fifth year students showing a significantly less positive attitude as compared to the first, second and third year (B = -3.203 p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval - 5.093 to -1.314). The media [53 (58.9%)] was the most frequent source of information about CAM. Nearly all students [89 (98.9%)] agreed that CAM knowledge is important to them as future pharmacist and that CAM should be included into the Pharmacy curriculum at COMAHS-USL [81 (90.0%)]. Conclusion: Pharmacy students in Sierra Leone are aware of and have used at least one of the CAM modalities and do show a positive attitude towards CAM. This was demonstrated by their overwhelming endorsement for CAM course to be part of the undergraduate pharmacy training at COMAHS-USL. This study among others will inform and guide the development and implementation of CAM instruction at COMAHS-USL.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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By Cherry / Last Updated February 26, 2020
About memory card
Memory card is an electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information, including microSD, SD, SDHC, SDXC, CompactFlash, and more. They are commonly used in portable electronic devices, such as digital cameras, mobile phones, tablets, portable media players, video game consoles, laptop computers, etc.
Why you need to partition memory card?
Sometimes, you may need to partition memory card. For example, many android mobile phone or tablet users would like to create partitions on the SD card in order to save more space on the internal storage when they get “android storage space running out” prompt. Partitioning can help to enhance disk efficiency and speed up the android OS by a huge margin.
If you memory card is showing the file system is RAW, which means the partition is corrupt or missing. Thus, you need to repartition the memory card.
There are many other situations that you need to partition memory card. But how to partition memory card when you need to?
How to partition memory card?
Windows has the Disk Management that can help you format the memory card, create one partition on the memory card, and change the drive letter. However, it isn’t the best memory card partition tool. Fortunately, here we will introduce you a memory card partition software that provides you a lot of functions for partition memory card easily and safely.
AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard should be the best memory card partition tool. When your memory card partition is corrupt or missing, you can use it to create a new partition or logical drive on a basic disk, then format the memory card as the file system you need. AOMEI Partition Assistant standard is also a great SD card partition partition manager. When you need to partition SD card for android, it allows you to create two partitions on the SD card. And you can use it to resize partition, format SD card, etc. Before you do, you need to prepare for it.
Preparing:
• A memory card. You need to extract or backup the data on the memory card if there is any important data on the memory card.
• A memory card adapter. Some computers have memory card slot. If your computer haven’t, you need take use of an adapter to connect the memory card to your computer.
• Download AOMEI Partition Assistant free. Install it on your computer.
After that, you can start partition the memory card using AOMEI Partition Assistant. Connect the memory card to your computer. Launch AOMEI Partition Assistant. It will show you the basic situations of your internal and external storage devices on your computer, and you can start partition memory card with right-clicking at the memory card (shown as Removable).
Partition
AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard is the best free memory/SD card partition tool. It can help you partition your memory card easily and safely. It is also suitable forpartition hard drives. You can also use it to convert NTFS to FAT32 without losing data. Besides, it has many advanced features in the AOMEI Partition Assistant Professional edition, you can upgrade to it for getting more features flexible.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Write a post
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3
Use React-Router with Ease
Published Mar 13, 2017
Use React-Router with Ease
We will be using a sample app that I created in one of my previous posts. Click here to get the sample app or read Simplest React App Setup to do it yourself.
Introduction
According to the docs,
React Router is a complete routing library for React. React Router keeps your UI in sync with the URL. It has a simple API with powerful features like lazy code loading, dynamic route matching, and location transition handling built right in. Make the URL your first thought, not an after-thought.
Setting up React routing is only needed for applications that have more than one page. This post is about the basic set up. In my next post, we will take a deeper look into react-routing.
Set Up
If you followed the instruction above, you should have a sample app set up.
To start with, let’s install react-router.
Run
npm install --save react-router
Currently, our app is a single page app, so let's create two components: About.js & AppContainer.js. About.js will be the component for our about page while AppContainer.js will contain the generic content that all pages need to have. For example, the navbar.
Run
touch components/About.js components/AppContainer.js
copy and paste this into About.js.
import React from 'react'
const About = () => <h1>This is an about page</h1>
export default About
also, copy and paste the code below into AppContainer.js
import React from 'react'
import { Link } from 'react-router'
const AppContainer = props => {
return (
<div>
<Link to='/'>Home</Link>
{ ' | ' }
<Link to='/about'>About</Link>
{props.children}
</div>
)
}
export default AppContainer
Next, let’s create a routes.js file.
Run
touch routes.js
then copy and paste the code below in it.
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { Route, IndexRoute } from 'react-router'
import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld'
import About from './components/About'
import AppContainer from './components/AppContainer'
export default (
<Route path='/' component={AppContainer}>
<IndexRoute component={HelloWorld} />
<Route path='/about' component={About} />
</Route>
)
The next thing is to update the app.js file to reference routes.js and no longer HelloWorld.js via Router component from react-router.
Delete the code in app.js then copy and paste this
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import { Router, hashHistory, browserHistory } from 'react-router'
import routes from './routes'
ReactDOM.render(<Router routes={routes} history={hashHistory} />, document.getElementById('app'))
Router has a property called history. React-router provides two different kinds of history that can be passed into it. Most setup favour browserHistory over hashHistory because hashHistory is not SEO friendly and its URLs are ugly.
Now, let's start our server and see what we have.
Run
npm install && npm start
Now, if you navigate to the app on the browser, you should see HelloWorld component. Also, when you click the About link, you should see the About component.
If you would like a cleaner SEO friendly URL, or you are using this in production, then browserHistory is the way to go. You may want to read more about browserHistory vs. hashHistory.
Now, update the Router part of the code in App.js like so
<Router routes={routes} history={browserHistory} />
Your app should still work as expected. You should be able to visit both pages.
If you're trying to visit the About component http://localhost:8080/about by pasting the route directly into the address bar or reloading the page, you will get
Cannot GET /about
When you're using browserHistory, you must have a server that will always return your index.html at any route. Handling this error is necessary because the users of your application might bookmark a link that is not the index route. For this tutorial, we will use an express server.
To set this up for node.js, run
npm install --save express path
then create a server.js file
touch server.js
and paste the configuration below into it.
const express = require('express')
const path = require('path')
const port = process.env.PORT || 8080
const app = express()
// serve static assets normally
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'))
// handle every other route with index.html, which will contain
// a script tag to your application's JavaScript file(s).
app.get('*', function (request, response){
response.sendFile(path.resolve(__dirname, 'public', 'index.html'))
})
app.listen(port)
console.log("server started on port " + port)
Check out this link to learn more on browserHistory.
Update your webpack.config file to look like this
var webpack = require('webpack')
var path = require('path')
module.exports = {
entry: path.resolve(__dirname, 'app'),
output: {
path: __dirname + '/public',
publicPath: '/',
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
module: {
loaders: [
{test: /\.js$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loaders: ['babel-loader']}
]
}
}
Note: We have removed the main settings for webpack-dev-server. It is no longer needed since we now have an express server. Visit here to learn more about webpack-dev-server.
You can start your app by running:
webpack && node server.js
Copying and pasting a route directly should work as expected now.
Since webpack-dev-server is no longer being used, any change we make on a file will not be noticed by webpack. For watching of files to continue, a configuration tweak is needed. Let’s install npm-run-all — a module to run multiple commands on the terminal without necessarily waiting for one to finish.
Run
npm install --save npm-run-all
then let’s update our package.json file. The scripts section should have the code below:
"scripts": {
"start": "npm-run-all --parallel webpack:build server",
"webpack:build": "webpack -w",
"server": "node server.js",
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
Your app can now be started with npm start .
If all went well, you should be able to visit http://localhost:8080/ and also http://localhost:8080/about.
Here's a detailed tutorial on how Server-Side Rendering with Redux and React-Router work!
Discover and read more posts from Kayode Adeniyi
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:The Gates of Morning - Henry De Vere Stacpoole.pdf/79
“Don’t you never do a thing like that again,” said Peterson. “Dam’ tomfoolery.” He snorted and went forward, kicked a kanaka out of his way and then stood, his eyes fixed on the distant vision of Levua opal tinted in the blue, blue north.
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WIKI
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Page:Toilers of the Trails.djvu/203
there flashed a flicker of doubt. Could this after all be the work of a devil in brute shape? But the Frenchman's head was hard, and grasping his rifle he continued on.
For some time the night had been free from the voice, when, as he approached his second deadfall, the wail again rose from the lower shoulder of the ridge down the valley. But, as it lifted in volume to the maniacal scream, it ceased abruptly, as if choked off by some giant hand.
Hertel found the remaining deadfalls in similar condition to the first. The tracks on the snow told the same story. The ponderous engines of destruction had been rendered harmless from the outside by the crafty thief.
There was one hope left—the toothed jaws of steel hidden in the snow at the end of the marten line. He would go to them at once and take up the trail from there.
The cold was increasing. Deeper and deeper bit the fangs of the frost. His eyebrows and mustache were a mass of ice. Time and again all feeling left his toes under the thongs of his shoes, and he swung his gun from mittened hand to hand to keep up circulation. The boom of the riven river-ice and the snap of the timber alone violated the white silence under the star-incrusted sky.
The lone runner in the forest approached the first of his bear-traps at the marten cabanes. If the hairy thief had escaped these, little hope remained of running him down that night in this withering air which
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WIKI
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Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Harold Bluetooth
Born 911; died 1 November, 985 or 986. He was the son of King Gorm the Old of Denmark and of Thyra, daughter of a noblemen of Schleswig (Sunderjylland) who is supposed to have been kindly disposed towards Christianity. His mother must have implanted in the child's soul the first germs of faith which his father, a devout servant of Wotan, did his utmost to destroy. The latter's invasion of Friesland in 934 involved him in war with the German King, Henry I. Having been vanquished, he was forced to restore the churches which he had demolished as well as to grant toleration to his Christian subjects, and he died one year later, bequeathing his throne to Harold. Bishop Unni of Bremen, accompanied by Benedictine monks from the Abbey of Corvey, preached the gospel in Jutland (Jylland) and the Danish isles, and soon won the confidence of the young ruler, although he did not succeed in persuading him to receive baptism. Harold sought to shut the Germans out of his kingdom by strengthening the "Danawirk"-a series of ramparts and fortifications that existed until the latter half of the nineteenth century; moreover, as absolute quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he was even able to turn his thoughts to foreign enterprises. Again and again he came to the help of Richard the Fearless of Normandy (in the years 945 and 963), while his son conquered Semland and, after the assassination of King Harold Graafeld of Norway, he also managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjection to himself. Meanwhile the new religion had become more and more deeply rooted among the Danes. Even a few members of the nobility (such as Frode, Viceroy of Jutland) embraced the faith and soon episcopal sees were established (Schleswig, Ribe, Aarhus). However the prominent part the Germans had in these achievements as well as the lofty idea of the Roman Empire then prevailing led Otto I, the Great, to require Harold to recognize him as "advocatus", or lord protector of the Danish church, and even as "Lord Paramount". It is easy to understand why the indignant king of the Danes replied to this demand with a declaration of war, and why the "emperor" sought to force his "vassal" into subjection. The devastating expeditions, which were pushed as far as the Lÿmfjord, enabled the emperor to beat down all opposition (972), and to compel Harold not only to conclude peace but to accept baptism. Henceforth paganism steadily lost ground. The Bishopric of Odense was established at Fünen (Fyen) in 980; the sacrificial grove at Lethra (on Zealand), which, until then, had been from time to time the scene of many human sacrifices, was deserted. King Harold removed his royal residence to Roeskilde and erected there a wooden church dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Later (in the eleventh century) it was replaced by a basilica which in turn was soon torn down. Since about the year 1200 its site has been occupied by the Gothic cathedral (dedicated to St. Lucius), the burial place of the kings of Denmark. Christian houses of worship were also built in many other places during Harold's reign; in these German and Danish priests preached the gospel of the crucified and risen Saviour. There is no doubt that Harold professed Christianity at that time: it is also true that he contributed to its spread. But his moral conduct in many respects distinctly violated the Divine commandments. Consequently many people looked on the plots that were directed against the sovereignty and life of the ageing prince by his own son (Svend) as a punishment from Heaven. Although baptized, the latter joined forces with Palnatoke, the most powerful chieftain on Fünen, who was leader of the heathen party. The fortunes of war varied for a time, but finally Harold was slain on 1 November, 985 or 986. His remains were buried in the cathedral at Roeskilde, where his bones are still preserved, walled up in one of the pillars of the choir.
.
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WIKI
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Page:Highways and Byways in Sussex.djvu/281
who have been on the alert all the evening, extinguish the fires. The Bonfire Societies subsequently collect information as to any damage done and make it good: a wise course, to which they owe in part the sanction to renew the orgie next year. Other towns in Sussex keep up the glorious Fifth with some spirit, but nowhere in England is there anything to compare with the thoroughness of Lewes.
The Ouse at South Street, Lewes.
To some extent Lewes may consider that she has reason for the display, for on June 22, 1557, ten men and women were tied to the stake and burned to death in the High Street for professing a faith obnoxious to Queen Mary. Chief of these courageous enthusiasts were Richard Woodman and Derrick Carver. Woodman, a native of Buxted, had settled at Warbleton, where he was a prosperous iron master. All went well until Mary's accession to the throne, when the rector of Warbleton, who had been a Protestant under
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WIKI
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