Document
stringlengths 87
1.67M
| Source
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|
Entity Framework Core Many-To-Many
How to handle Many-To-Many in Entity Framework Core
Many-To-Many relationship in not as straightforward as other relationships. In this post I’ll show you how to create many-to-many relationships and how to use them in EF Core.
The model
Simple and practical example of many-to-many could be some sort of digital ecommerce store. Users can put items into shopping cart (one shopping cart can have many items), whereas items belong to multiple carts. Lets start off by creating Cart and Item classes.
public class Cart
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public ICollection<Item> Items { get; set; }
}
public class Item
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Quantity { get; set; }
public ICollection<Cart> Carts { get; set; }
}
This looks good, but unfortunately it won’t work. At the day of publishing this article EF Core cannot handle this scenario. It simple don’t know how to handle this relationship. This is what you get when you’ll try to add migration:
Unable to determine the relationship represented by navigation property 'Cart.Items' of type 'ICollection<Item>'. Either manually configure the relationship, or ignore this property using the '[NotMapped]' attribute or by using 'EntityTypeBuilder.Ignore' in 'OnModelCreating'.
First thing we need to do is to manually create another “in-between” class (table) which will hold many-to-many relations. Lets we proceed we new class:
public class CartItem
{
public int CartId { get; set; }
public Cart Cart { get; set; }
public int ItemId { get; set; }
public Item Item { get; set; }
}
Since we have a new class that maps Cart to Item we also need to change navigation properties:
public class Cart
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public ICollection<CartItem> Items { get; set; }
}
public class Item
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Quantity { get; set; }
public ICollection<CartItem> Carts { get; set; }
}
If you try to add-migration right now then you’ll get another error:
The entity type 'CartItem' requires a primary key to be defined.
Right, CartItem doesn’t have primary key. Since it’s a many-to-many relationship it should have composite key. Composite key is like a regular primary key but it is composed by two properties (columns) instead of one. At the moment, the only way to create composite key is to define it inside OnModelCreating.
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
{
base.OnModelCreating(builder);
builder.Entity<CartItem>().HasKey(i => new { i.CartId, i.ItemId });
}
Finally, our database structure can be handled by EntityFramework. We can proceed with migration.
Inserting into Many-To-Many
Suppose that we already have Cart and Item in our database. Now we want to add specific item to specific cart. In order to do this we need to create new CartItem and save it.
var cart = db.Carts.First(i => i.Id == 256);
var item = db.Items.First(i => i.Id == 1024);
// you can either associate it using ids
var cartItem = new CartItem
{
CartId = cart.Id,
ItemId = item.Id
};
// or by using entities
var cartItem = new CartItem
{
Cart = cart,
Item = item
};
db.Add(cartItem);
db.SaveChanges();
Retrieving related data in Many-To-Many
Fetching data from database is rather simple. You need to pay attention to includes in case of retrieving entities with related data. Just remember that there are a total of 3 tables involved: Cart, Item, and CartItem which links items with carts.
// get specific cart including all items
var cartIncludingItems = db.Carts.Include(cart => cart.Items).ThenInclude(row => row.Item).First(cart => cart.Id == 1);
// get all items belonging to cart
var cartItems = cartIncludingItems.Items.Select(row => row.Item);
In addition, you don’t have to do it using a relation. For instance, if you have cart id you can fetch all items at once using following Linq:
var cartId = 1;
var cartItems = db.Items.Where(item => item.Carts.Any(j => j.CartId == cartId));
Same principle applies to opposite use case, which means that you can apply above pattern to get all carts which have specific item.
Deleting from Many-To-Many
By deleting we mean removing association between cart and item. We won’t remove the cart or the item in the following examples, just the thing which holds cart and item association.
Lets start by deleting single item from cart.
var cartId = 1;
var itemId = 1;
var cartItem = db.CartsItems.First(row => row.CartId == cartId && row.ItemId == itemId);
db.Remove(cartItem);
db.SaveChanges();
Then, let me show you how to remove all items from a cart.
var cart = db.Carts.Include(c=> c.Items).First(i => i.Id == 2);
db.RemoveRange(cart.Items);
db.SaveChanges();
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
In 490 BCE, the Battle of Marathon took place between Athens and King Darius’ Persia. At first, the Athens enjoyed an extreme victory over Darius and the Persian troops during the first Persian invasion of Greece. Other battles would ensue. In this article, you will learn more about the events, as well as meet influential philosopher, Heraclitus.
The citizens of Athens (with the help of Plataea) took on the Persian forces of Datis and Artaphernes. This war marked the first attempt by Persia to conquer Greece , a goal of King Darius I. The Persians were upset with the Greek’s involvement in the Ionian Revolt, where Athens and Eretria had dispensed a force to support the cities of Ionia in an effort to overthrow Persian rule. The Athenians and Eretrians were victorious in capturing and burning Sardis. However, they were forced to retreat because of the high number of losses. The raid did not go over well with the Persian king, who swore to seek revenge against Athens and Eretria.
Darius put plans into motion to conquer Greece after the Ionian revolt suffered a setback with a Persian victory at the Battle of Lade. In 490 BC, Persian forces were sent across the Aegean with Datis and Artaphernes leading the way. The objective was to take over the Cyclades and to launch attacks on Athens and Eretria. The Persians were successful in the Aegean and went on to besiege and capture Eretria. Persian forces then sailed to Attica, where they landed in a bay situated close to the town of Marathon. By that time, the Athenians had joined forces with a small number from Plataea. They marched to Marathon and were triumphant in blocking the two exist from the plain of Marathon.
No one got any further in their goals of victory for five days until the Athenians decided to attack the Persians. Even though the Persians outnumbered the Greeks, the more lightly armed forces of Persia were no match for the Greeks. The defeat at Marathon signified the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece. The Persian forced retreated to Asia. Darius was not done. He began raising a larger army with plans to conquer Greece.
Before he could launch a new attack, his Egyptian subjects revolted in 486 BC and the expedition to Greece was postponed until his son Xerxes I re-established the desire to invade Greece for a second time. His new plans did not start until 480 BC.
~ 485 BCE: Heraclitus of Ephesus is a popular pre-Socratic philosopher at this time.
Heraclitus of Ephesus came from the Greek city of Ephesus in Ionia , on the coast of Asia Minor. Although not much is known about his early life or education, it is told that he came from notable parentage. Throughout his life, he saw himself as being self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. Heraclitus chose to lead a lonely life, which stemmed from his philosophical approach and disapproval for humankind in general. Because of this, he earned the nickname of “The Obscure,” and the “Weeping Philosopher.”
Heraclitus is known for his doctrine of change being central to the universe. One of his main teachings was that reality is in a constant state of flux and has stated “one cannot step into the same river twice.” He believed in the unity of opposites, as seen in his statement that “the path up and down are one and the same.”
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Previous studies have emphasized that after brain and spinal cord injury there are dramatic reductions in levels of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a critical intracellular signaling molecule in neurons and inflammatory cells. Over the last funding period, our laboratory has found that after traumatic brain injury (TBI) cAMP reductions participate in the vulnerability of the posttraumatic brain to secondary injuries such as hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, and long-term synaptic dysfunction. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is the major enzyme responsible for cAMP hydrolysis in the brain and currently is an important molecular target for the treatment of various human neurological diseases including neurotrauma. Studies we have completed during the previous funding period have emphasized the complexity of the response to trauma of different PDE4 isoforms in terms of their various time-dependent cellular responses. The characterization of these cellular and biochemical changes are critical for the development and testing of new inhibitors against specific PDE4 isoforms. In the current proposal, we will address several knowledge gaps that hamper clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of TBI, including the identification of PDE4 isoforms in specific inflammatory cell populations as well as assessing the effects on isoform-selective PDE4 inhibitors on posttraumatic inflammation. Another exciting recent discovery that will be investigated is the ability of PDE4B isoform-specific inhibitors to significantly reduce chronic cognitive deficits, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for people living with TBI. Based on our previous and new preliminary data, we therefore propose the following four aims: 1) To investigate the contribution of PDE4B to acute inflammation after TBI, 2) To determine if inhibition of PDE4B acutely after TBI improves pathology and behavioral outcome, 3) To test whether a PDE4B isoform-selective inhibitor improves chronic cognitive deficits, and finally, 4) To directly determine if loss of PDE4B improves outcome and loss of PDE4D worsens outcome after TBI. These studies will determine which specific PDE4 isoforms need to be selectively inhibited at different therapeutic time windows after TBI to reduce inflammation and pathology, and promote recovery in three therapeutic time windows, acute, subacute and chronic. Together, these studies will provide critical information regarding the precise cellular events by which isoform-selective PDE4 inhibitors produce their benefits, and provide evidence-based mechanistic data to support the use of PDE4 inhibitors in acute, subacute, and chronic therapeutic time windows after TBI. This proposal is supported by a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research team with experience in experimental TBI models, PDE4B and PDE4D knockout mice, and a pharmacological partner with an established record in CNS drug discovery. These studies will provide the necessary preclinical data for the clinical translation of these novel agents for the treatment of TBI.
Public Health Relevance
Millions of people live with permanent disabilities resulting from traumatic brain injury. This proposal will identify the molecules that altered after traumatic brain injury and develop drug therapies against these targets to treat people acutely (days to weeks) and chronically (months to years) after brain trauma. These pharmacological treatments have the potential to restore learning and memory ability and overall functioning for people living with traumatic brain injury.
Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01NS056072-06A1
Application #
8758096
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Bellgowan, Patrick S F
Project Start
2006-07-01
Project End
2019-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-15
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Miami School of Medicine
Department
Neurosurgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Coral Gables
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33146
Titus, David J; Wilson, Nicole M; Freund, Julie E et al. (2016) Chronic Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury Is Improved with a Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor. J Neurosci 36:7095-108
Titus, David J; Furones, Concepcion; Atkins, Coleen M et al. (2015) Emergence of cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury due to hyperthermia. Exp Neurol 263:254-62
Titus, David J; Sakurai, Atsushi; Kang, Yuan et al. (2013) Phosphodiesterase inhibition rescues chronic cognitive deficits induced by traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 33:5216-26
Atkins, Coleen M; Cepero, Maria L; Kang, Yuan et al. (2013) Effects of early rolipram treatment on histopathological outcome after controlled cortical impact injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 532:1-6
Titus, D J; Furones, C; Kang, Y et al. (2013) Age-dependent alterations in cAMP signaling contribute to synaptic plasticity deficits following traumatic brain injury. Neuroscience 231:182-94
Atkins, C M; Kang, Y; Furones, C et al. (2012) Postinjury treatment with rolipram increases hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 90:1861-71
Ghosh, Mousumi; Garcia-Castillo, Daniela; Aguirre, Vladimir et al. (2012) Proinflammatory cytokine regulation of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase 4 signaling in microglia in vitro and following CNS injury. Glia 60:1839-59
Oliva Jr, Anthony A; Kang, Yuan; Furones, Concepcion et al. (2012) Phosphodiesterase isoform-specific expression induced by traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 123:1019-29
Sakurai, Atsushi; Atkins, Coleen M; Alonso, Ofelia F et al. (2012) Mild hyperthermia worsens the neuropathological damage associated with mild traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 29:313-21
Lotocki, George; de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo; de Rivero Vaccari, Juan et al. (2011) Oligodendrocyte vulnerability following traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 499:143-8
Showing the most recent 10 out of 14 publications
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Apple orders Witherspoon, Aniston drama in TV push
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Apple Inc (AAPL.O) has ordered two seasons of a dramatic series that stars Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Aniston and looks at the lives of people working on a morning television show, a company spokeswoman said on Wednesday. The series is among the first projects the iPhone maker has acquired for its plunge into original television programming, where it aims to compete with established players such as Netflix Inc (NFLX.O) and Time Warner Inc’s TWX.N HBO. The untitled project taps top-level Hollywood talent at a time when deep-pocketed technology companies are jockeying with traditional networks to land A-list stars. It marks Aniston’s first TV show since her famous role on the hit comedy “Friends” ended in 2004. Witherspoon, who appeared on “Friends” as Aniston’s younger sister, recently starred in and served as a producer of the Emmy-winning HBO series “Big Little Lies.” Apple spokeswoman Rita Cooper Lee also confirmed the company had ordered a remake of Steven Spielberg’s 1980s science fiction anthology series “Amazing Stories.” News of a potential deal for the Spielberg show had emerged in October. It is unclear when the shows will be released or where viewers will be able to see them. Apple has not divulged if it will put its own TV series in the iTunes Store, where it sells shows made by other companies, or on another platform. Aniston and Witherspoon will among be the show’s executive producers. It will be produced by Media Res, a studio founded by former HBO executive Michael Ellenberg. Reporting by Lisa Richwine
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Tag Info
Hot answers tagged
26
They now are Starting with WordPress 3.7 expired transients are deleted on database upgrades, see #20316 Old answer If someone can't show me otherwise it seems that transients are not garbage collected after all. What makes it worse is that unlike options they are not guaranteed to be stored in database. So there is no reliable way to fetch list of all ...
22
OK so found some more: JeffreyWay / WordPress-Theme-Options-Page - open source class the project is hosted on github aimed at theme developers, looks nice, haven't used it. (link dead) . devinsays / Options-Framework - open source Framework the project is hosted on github aimed at theme developers , i later learned that is has evolved in to ...
18
Moving some of the comments from the discussion into an answer, with re-wording and re-formatting.. Basically, what it comes down to is that unless you have a super extreme case, they don't really need to be "garbage collected". If you never fetch them, then it doesn't matter if they're there or not. See, transients are stored in the options table by ...
17
Use wp_register_style and wp_enqueue_style to add the stylesheet. DO NOT simply add a stylesheet link to wp_head. Queuing styles allows other plugins or themes to modify the stylesheet if necessary. Your stylesheet can be a .php file: wp_register_style('myStyleSheet', 'my-stylesheet.php'); wp_enqueue_style( 'myStyleSheet'); my-stylesheet.php would look ...
16
Yes, sort of. When the get_option call is made, WordPress runs a function called wp_load_alloptions, which either grabs a cached copy of all autoloaded options or loads all those options into the cache. Then wp_load_alloptions returns an array of all the autoloaded options. If your option is autoloaded (specified when you use the add_option function), it ...
15
Otto - I couldn't disagree with you more. The issue is that eventually with all those transients, the size of the table becomes ridiculous. It doesn't take millions of rows to bog down. I'm currently dealing with an options table that has over 130k rows, and hangs regularly. Because the value field is a large text type, even looking for only the "autoload" ...
13
WordPress Tabs are non-standard, static html markup. You can only add the markup within your functions.php theme file or inside your plugin. <h2 class="nav-tab-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="nav-tab">Tab #1</a> <a href="#" class="nav-tab nav-tab-active">Tab #2</a> <a href="#" class="nav-tab">Tab #2</a> ...
12
WordPress, by default, does a form of "Object Caching" but its lifetime is only a single page load. Options are actually a really good example of this. Check out this answer for more info. The summary: A page starts All options are loaded with a simple SELECT option_name, option_value from $wpdb->options statement Subsequent requests for those options ...
11
checkbox: <input name="option_name" type="checkbox" value="1" <?php checked( '1', get_option( 'option_name' ) ); ?> /> radio: <input name="option_name" type="radio" value="0" <?php checked( '0', get_option( 'option_name' ) ); ?> /> <input name="option_name" type="radio" value="1" <?php checked( '1', get_option( 'option_name' ...
9
You don't get an error because WordPress does not check for the length, and MySQL silently truncates it (giving a warning, not an error), unless you enable the STRICT_ALL_TABLES option (which will change the warning into an error). Even more confusing, when you enable multisite the options are saved in the sitemeta table with a maximum key length of 255, ...
9
serialize representation can be stored in text and reversed JSON representation can be stored in text but cannot always be precisely reversed Run this example: $query = new WP_Query(); var_dump( $query ); var_dump( unserialize( serialize( $query ) ) ); var_dump( json_decode( json_encode( $query ) ) ); After going through serialize accurate WP_Query ...
8
@JonathonByrd's answer is probably 'best' - certainly you should using get_option if at all possible, since there's no guarantee the option name will stay the same between WordPress versions. Similarly - @JonathonByrd also relies on using a global variable which may be removed/renamed (though perhaps very unlikely). Unfortunately there are no public ...
8
I didn't find much information about how the autoloaded values are used. There is no special case for autoloaded options, they are used in the same way as else regular options, but lets figure out what autoload column of the options table means. This column determines do we need to fetch an option at the initialization stage of a request or should we ...
8
Dynamically building a CSS file and then loading it adds a HUGE performance burden to what should be a very low bandwidth deal of adding a CSS file, especially if there are variables in the CSS that are going to be processed through WP. Because it is two different files being created for one page load, WP starts up twice and runs all the DB queries twice, ...
8
Basically to distinguish between false boolean value and '' empty string you must use more strict comparison operator. var_dump( '' == false ); // this is 'true', treated like two 'empty()' values var_dump( '' === false ); // this is 'false', because values are both 'empty()' BUT of different type But there is more. Since what you want is very typical - ...
8
scbFramework has related classes, I used it for one plugin and it saved me plenty of time; WPAlchemy MetaBox I see a lot of mentions for this around, hadn't used it myself yet; Hybrid Core has set of functions for pages/metaboxes/settings, but it probably won't make sense to use it just for that.
8
The UpThemes team has just released their options framework as an opensource for everyone. It worth to take a look.
8
Joining two answers(*), I've done a plugin to add a custom meta option when registering a new site (front and back end) and display its value in a column in the Sites screen. Multisite Categories ... (*) code references 1 - WordPress + Multisite: How to add custom blog options to Add New Site form in Network Admin?, by @dennisg 2 - Multisite: How to ...
7
The Multisite signup process is not an easy thing to tweak. It does have many hooks to play with, unlike other processes, but they don't seem to come together too well for heavy customization, so I understand your frustration. If I understand correctly, it's not that complicated to achieve what you want, although it cannot be a one-step solution without ...
7
You should do defaults at the time of pulling the data out. Never insert default values into the database. Defaults are default. Options in the DB override defaults. How to do defaults for a serialized options array: $defaults = array( 'default1' => '1', 'default2' => '2', ); $options = wp_parse_args(get_option('plugin_options'), $defaults);
7
I tend to store multiple options as an array, so i'd have something like this.. <?php $options = get_option( 'myoption' ); ?> <input type="checkbox" name="myoption[option_one]" value="1"<?php checked( 1 == $options['option_one'] ); ?> /> <input type="checkbox" name="myoption[option_two]" value="1"<?php checked( 1 == ...
6
I ran into this exact issue and proposed extending the column length: http://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/13310
6
When the installer runs it calls wp_install(), that in turn calls populate_options() defined in wp-admin/includes/schema.php, which runs the following.. if ( !__get_option('home') ) update_option('home', $guessurl); Prior to that $guessurl is defined by.. $guessurl = wp_guess_url(); The guess URL function is defined in wp-includes/functions.php and ...
6
If you wrote your code correctly, then delete_option would be the correct way. The question isn't how to clear the option; the question is how to structure your code such that the "option does not exist" case is a valid case. Think about it. The first time you start this code, that option isn't going to exist at all, right? Your code should be perfectly ...
6
Try: http://example.com/wp-admin/options.php Which lists all of the site's options.
6
The Options API is primarily a database API, allowing you to get and store values in the options table of the database easily. The Settings API is an interface API. It allows you to build settings screens in a manner that will adapt with future changes to the WordPress interface, as well as to handle security (nonces and whitelisting and validation and ...
6
That's because your options are stored as a serialised array, in one row with name XX_theme_settings. To update one option, you would still need to retrieve the existing settings, ammend the appropriate value and update all options in your array together. For example: $my_options= get_option('XX_theme_settings');//retrieve all options ...
6
You should (if available) submit the code you are working with, even if just a snippet, so we can assess your process in relation to your question. The short answer however is YES, it is safe, so long as you, prevent input fields being displayed on user profile page for certain user roles prevent unauthorized users from saving user meta to the database ...
5
Thanks to the hint with the multiple galleries plugin from Niall Campbell and thanks to this question How to Add a Custom Colum on Thickbox Media Gallery Tab? (where I got the hook admin_head-media-upload-popup from), I was able to complete the task. I've added an option to add a style attribute to the gallery shortcode. Here is the complete code: ...
5
Mark Jaquith made a "TLC Transients" method that you might find useful. Essentially, it implements a transient interface that does soft expiration and background updating. https://github.com/markjaquith/WP-TLC-Transients The idea is that you define a function to do the call that gets the data, then define the transient and pass it that function as a ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Your Request is under process, Please wait.
Carl Maria von Weber was a German composer, conductor, and pianist of the early Romantic period. He is best known for his operas, which helped to establish the German Romantic opera.
Weber was born in Eutin, Germany, in 1786. He showed an early aptitude for music, and he began composing at a young age. He studied with his father, Franz Anton Weber, who was a composer and theater director.
In 1804, Weber moved to Vienna, where he studied with the composer Joseph Haydn. He also began composing operas, and his first opera, Silvana, was premiered in 1810.
In 1813, Weber was appointed Kapellmeister (conductor) at the opera house in Prague. He held this position for three years, during which time he composed several operas, including Der Freischütz (The Freeshooter), which premiered in 1821.
Der Freischütz was a huge success, and it helped to establish Weber as a leading composer of German Romantic opera. The opera is known for its use of folk music, its dramatic plot, and its beautiful melodies.
In 1826, Weber moved to London, where he was appointed conductor of the Philharmonic Society. He died in London in 1826, at the age of 39.
Weber was a major figure in the development of German Romantic opera. His operas were influenced by folk music, and they helped to establish the use of German language in opera. Weber's music is still performed today, and it is considered to be some of the most important music of the Romantic period.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
NRF Foundation Offers Free Online Course To Help People Secure Jobs
(RTTNews) - The National Retail Federation's educational arm, the NRF Foundation, said it is offering an online course for free to help people secure jobs in the retail sector and beyond.
The NRF Foundation said its introductory RISE Up course will train people with the foundational skills required to secure retail sector jobs.
"As the nation responds to the coronavirus, many retailers are currently hiring for 1 million open positions due to increased consumer demand, and people who earn a RISE Up credential will be better prepared to serve in these roles," said NRF Foundation Vice President Adam Lukoskie.
Retail Industry Fundamentals, which is available free of charge through June 12, is self-paced and can be completed online in about five to seven hours. The course covers basic customer service and math skills, along with best practices for interviewing for jobs.
According to NRF Foundation, individuals aged 15 years and above can access the online platform.
The foundation noted that more than 800 training partners nationwide are now offering RISE Up training and credentials.
To support social distancing through online learning, the NRF Foundation is now offering the online curriculum to its partners who were originally providing the training in person.
The advanced, online training - Customer Service and Sales and Business of Retail: Operations and Profit - can be purchased by individuals and the NRF Foundation's new partners at a 50 percent discount.
Companies such as e-commerce giant Amazon and retail giant Walmart are on a hiring spree in the U.S. amid the coronavirus outbreak. These companies are seeing a surge in online demand for products, particularly from persons most vulnerable to being out in public due to the pandemic.
Amazon said in mid-March that is creating 100,000 new full and part-time positions across the U.S. to meet the surge in demand from people relying on its service following the coronavirus pandemic. The new job openings will be in Amazon's fulfillment centers and its delivery network.
A week later, Walmart announced plans to hire 150,000 employees to fill roles across its supply chain, including in its distribution and fulfillment centers.
Conversely, a growing number of retailers in the U.S. are also furloughing their employees in brick-and-mortar stores as COVID-19 resulted in the temporary closure of retail stores nationwide.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
PRP Vs. PRF – What’s The Difference?
Today, plenty of skin-rejuvenating treatments are available, but if you want to reap the benefits of the best possible results without resorting to synthetic ingredients or injectables and fillers, consider a platelet-rich treatment. The two main types of platelet-based skin rejuvenating treatments to choose from include PRP (platelet-rich plasma) and PRF (platelet-rich fibrin). While both can work wonders to naturally revamp tired and dull-looking skin, there are plenty of differences between the two.
What is PRP?
PRP is a treatment that involves injecting a specialized concentration of platelets taken from your own blood and then putting them back into the skin either topically or via injections. Platelets, which are found within blood, contain growth factors that stimulate the production of collagen and elastin. An anticoagulant is used in PRP so that the natural clotting process does not start immediately. With PRP treatments, the skin texture and tone improve for a healthy glow.
What is PRF?
PRF is similar to PRP in that it uses your own blood, but it uses a different plasma preparation process and doesn’t require additives, resulting in a more all-natural skin-rejuvenating matrix rich in platelets and growth factors. PRF also contains fibrin, a protein that helps to support tissue repair and regeneration. This supercharged preparation can be used as a liquid applied topically, a liquid injectable, and as a gel injectable called bio-filler to address skin concerns, common signs of aging in the face, and stimulate hair growth.
The Similarities Between PRP and PRF
PRP and PRF rely on putting the plasma, growth factors, and fibrin (respectively found in each preparation) back into the body for good use. Both PRP and PRF are derived from a blood draw and then spun down to extract either the plasma or fibrin materials (the process does differ somewhat between the two). They both work towards improving the skin for a natural, rejuvenating effect. Both platelet-based treatments are effective for:
• Overall skin rejuvenation
• Reducing the appearance of scars and acne scars
• Improving the overall skin tone and texture
• Minimizing the appearance of pores
• Reducing wrinkles and fine lines
• Creating new collagen and elastin
• Stimulating new hair growth
With PRP and PRF, there is no downtime after a treatment. You’ll be able to resume your normal activities. However, there may be some mild soreness, bruising, itching, or scabbing in the treated area for about one day. The results are not immediate, but after a series of treatments over a few months, the skin will emerge brighter, healthier, and smoother. If the scalp is treated to regrow thinning hair, thicker hair can be seen after a few treatments, too.
The Differences Between PRP and PRF
One of the main differences between PRP and PRF is how the two are prepared during the centrifuge stage. PRP involves adding an anticoagulant to the blood before it is used in a treatment to help kick off the release of growth factors, whereas PRF does not require this since the growth factors are released immediately. PRF also has the added advantage that once the solution is prepared, it can either be used in liquid format both topically in the treatment area or injected. Unlike PRP, PRF can also be made into a gel format called bio-filler that is then injected into areas of the face where volume loss occurs to increase volume and achieve visible changes in the face similar to what filler can achieve. PRF bio-filler injections slowly release the growth factors for a longer activation period, which improves the duration of action of the process.
For hair restoration in particular, the additives needed to prevent clotting in PRP are also what cause significant pain during PRP Hair Restoration injections. By using PRF injections for Hair Restoration here at CARE, we significantly reduce the pain levels for our patients. When PRF is combined with our evidence-based treatment protocol we provide life-changing results for those experiencing unwanted hair loss.
Although both PRP and PRF contain eight different growth factors to improve the skin and hair growth, PRF contains far more natural elements and collagen-producing factors than PRP, which significantly affects collagen and tissue regeneration. PRF also features fibrin, which creates a matrix for better rejuvenation and wound healing. The 100% all-natural (no additives needed) PRF is an all round more effective solution for hair restoration, fine lines/wrinkles, volume loss, and overall skin rejuvenation.
Choosing Between PRP vs PRF
Deciding between PRP and PRF shouldn’t be a complicated decision, especially when the team at CARE Esthetics is here to help guide you through your journey. Although both PRP and PRF are beneficial and made from biomaterials derived from your blood plasma, we find PRF to be a far more advanced treatment and highly recommend it over PRP to dramatically improve the texture and tone of your skin, improve acne scars, jumpstart the hair growth process, and stimulate collagen for a volumizing effect that enhances the appearance of the skin. PRF has unparalleled abilities in healing and rejuvenating the skin by improving cell quality and longevity. It also contains a more significant amount of growth factors, stem cells, white blood cells, and fibrin, for better results that last longer. Plus, the scientific evidence behind PRF proves its benefits far superior to PRP, which is why PRF ranks as one of the most popular treatments at CARE Esthetics–and one of our favorites, too!
During a consultation with the CARE Esthetics team, you can learn more about your specific needs and goals, which will help you determine the benefits of each treatment to make the proper selection for you.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Page:On the Fourfold Root, and On the Will in Nature.djvu/67
in Time alone: that single representation must always vanish and be superseded by others, in virtue of a law which we cannot determine a priori, but which depends upon circumstances soon to be mentioned. It is moreover a well-known fact, that the imagination and dreams reproduce the immediate presence of representations; the investigation of that fact, however, belongs to empirical Psychology. Now as, notwithstanding the transitory, isolated nature of our representations with respect to their immediate presence in our consciousness, the Subject nevertheless retains the representation of an all-comprehensive complex of reality, as described above, by means of the function of the Understanding; representations have, on the strength of this antithesis, been viewed, as something quite different when considered as belonging to that complex than when considered with reference to their immediate presence in our consciousness. From the former point of view they were called real things; from the latter only, representations ἐξοχήν. This view of the matter, which is the ordinary one, is known under the name of Realism. On the appearance of modern philosophy, Idealism opposed itself to this Realism and has since been steadily gaining ground. Malebranche and Berkeley were its earliest representatives, and Kant enhanced it to the power of Transcendental Idealism, by which the co-existence of the Empirical Reality of things with their Transcendental Ideality becomes conceivable, and according to which Kant expresses himself as follows: "Transcendental Idealism teaches that all phenomena are representations only, not things by themselves." And again:
|
WIKI
|
Net metering in the United States
Net metering is a policy by many states in the United States designed to help the adoption of renewable energy. Net metering was pioneered in the United States as a way to allow solar and wind to provide electricity whenever available and allow use of that electricity whenever it was needed, beginning with utilities in Idaho in 1980, and in Arizona in 1981. In 1983, Minnesota passed the first state net metering law. As of March 2015, 44 states and Washington, D.C. have developed mandatory net metering rules for at least some utilities. However, although the states' rules are clear, few utilities actually compensate at full retail rates.
Net metering policies are determined by states, which have set policies varying on a number of key dimensions. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 required state electricity regulators to "consider" (but not necessarily implement) rules that mandate public electric utilities make net metering available to their customers upon request. Several legislative bills have been proposed to institute a federal standard limit on net metering. They range from H.R. 729, which sets a net metering cap at 2% of forecasted aggregate customer peak demand, to H.R. 1945, which has no aggregate cap, but does limit residential users to 10 kW, a low limit compared to many states, such as New Mexico, with an 80,000 kW limit, or states such as Arizona, Colorado, New Jersey, and Ohio, which limit as a percentage of load.
Policies by state
Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia are considered the most favorable states for net metering, as they are the only states to receive an "A" rating from Freeing the Grid in 2015.
Regulators in multiple states are acting as "referees" in debates between utility companies and advocates of distributed resources, such as solar panel arrays. In 2016 the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) published the Manual on Distributed Energy Resources Compensation as a way to help states decide on rate structures dealing with homes and businesses that generate their own power and send excess power back to the electric grid. The intention behind the manual is to "provide a consistent framework for evaluating rate design decisions in the age of distributed energy resources." The president of NARUC, when he commissioned the manual, said his instructions to the committee writing the manual were to write a "practical, expert and most importantly ideologically neutral guide that offers advice" to states. A draft of the manual was released in July, which generated more than 70 public comments from stakeholder groups. Those comments were reviewed, and the final version of the manual was designed. The updated manual covers various issues that state regulators have been struggling with including net metering, the value of solar energy, and cost shifting from DER to non-DER customers. DER is being integrated into the national grid at a rapid pace, and the system of electricity generation, delivery, and utilization are constantly changing with new technology.
The Edison Electric Institute and the Solar Energy Industries Association both supported the manual. However, the main point of contention between utility companies and the solar industry is the question of whether distributed generation systems represent cost shift from those with the systems (people with solar panels) to those without them (everyone else who uses electricity).
Phil Moeller of the Edison Electric Institute said, "We want to DER [distributed energy resources] but we want to make sure the rate structure is right to minimize cost shifts." Moeller is a former member of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), a federal government regulatory agency. Sean Gallaher of the Solar Energy Industries Association said, "There seems to be an assumption that revenue erosion from DER results in an inadequacy of cost recovery for the utility and therefore a shift of costs to non-participating customers. You can't just assume that."
Note: Some additional minor variations not listed in this table may apply. N/A = Not available. Lost = Excess electricity credit or credit not claimed is granted to utility. Retail rate = Final sale price of electricity. Avoided-cost = "Wholesale" price of electricity (cost to the utility). * = Depending on utility. ** = Massachusetts distinguishes policies for different "classes" of systems. *** = Only available to customers of Austin Energy, CPS Energy, or retail electric providers in Oncor service areas such as TXU Energy, Reliant Energy, Shell Energy, or Green Mountain Energy (Green Mountain Energy is not a utility but a retail electric provider; according to www.powertochoose.com).
Arkansas
In 2016, the Arkansas state legislature enacted Act 827, which directed the Arkansas Public Service Commission to review changes to the state's net metering system. In March 2017, regulators decided to "grandfather existing solar customers into retail net metering rates for the next 20 years." Another decision made by the commission would allow the original net metering rates to stay with the home if it is sold. According to Utility Dive, "There are relatively few solar customers in Arkansas, and advocates worry changes in the next part of the proceeding could slow the market's growth if regulators make too deep a cut to remuneration rates."
In Arkansas, early in 2017 state regulators voted to grandfather existing solar customers into the current retail net metering rate until 2037. The Arkansas Public Service Commission convened a working group to look at the costs and benefits of net metering; the working group was split along ideological lines and each of two subgroups submitted its own set of recommendations instead of having a unified position. The first subgroup, composed of conservation and advanced energy groups, wanted no changes to the state's net metering rates. The second subgroup, made up of public utilities, wanted to have an embedded cost service approach that would determine the costs and benefits associated with that metering. Entergy was a part of the second subgroup and said "the current net-metering policy that credits excess generation at the full retail rate must be changed for new net-metering customers."
That second group "argued that crediting net-metering customers for costs that are not avoided 'means that the electric utility does not recover its entire cost of providing service to each net-metering customer, net of quantifiable benefits.
California
As of October 2018, net metering is up for debate again in California.
In late 2015, three utilities in California proposed alternative methods of compensation to solar users for the excess energy recycled back to the grid. This followed new regulatory decisions on solar net metering policies. In December 2015, a policy that would protect retail net metering for rooftop solar consumers was proposed by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). When asked for their commentary, the utilities responded with lower remuneration rates for solar consumers in exchange for contributing to grid upkeep costs.
In an attempt to establish fairness and balance between solar installers and utilities, the CPUC proposed to continue with retail rate net metering with minimal changes for rooftop solar customers in California. According to the Los Angeles Times, solar energy supporters rallied at a hearing at CPUC vowing to "gut" net metering and complicate newly proposed utility policies. California utilities were dissatisfied with the proposal. According to San Diego Gas & Electric, the proposal did not address the "growing cost burden" on their customers, which is estimated at $100 per month or, collectively, $160 million per year.
A proposal set forth by the utilities offered to charge both residential and commercial net metering customers their "otherwise applicable rate" for the kilowatt-hours of electricity used from the grid. A fixed export compensation rate for exported energy over a 10-year period would also be imposed. The export rate would amount to $0.15/kWh for installations until the distributed power exceeded 7% of the utility's customer demand. Subsequently, the rate would fall to $0.13/kWh.
Throughout 2017, California implemented "Net Metering 2.0" where the compensation to solar customers is close to retail rates. The policy also moved time-of-use (TOU) rates for residential customers. Additionally, the rates were updated to reflect "conditions on California's grid."
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) approved new TOU rates for San Diego Gas & Electric Company and moved the start of the peak period to 4 pm (four hours later than it was prior to the change). The Solar Energy Industries Association believes the new peak rates are too late in the day.
In October 2017, CPUC extended the grandfathering period for many distributed PV systems to the old rates and eliminated completion deadlines for "qualifying PV systems." Grandfathered rates will last five years for residential customers and 10 years for other customers. However by 2021, grandfathered rates for all NEM 1.0 and NEM 2.0 were extended to 20 years from the date of activation.
In December 2022, CPUC decided to discontinue new approvals of NEM 2.0 on April 13 2023, replacing it with NEM 3.0 that only offers wholesale credits for their excess energy. NEM 2.0 and NEM 1.0 customers will continue enjoying their benefits for 20 years from activation.
Florida
In early 2016, lawmakers in Florida, with encouragement from both houses, voted to put Amendment 4 on the ballot. In a state that is presently faced with various renewable energy issues, the idea of terminating personal property taxes on solar panels was widely supported. One of the sponsors of the bill backing Amendment 4, state Senator Jeff Brandes (R), said that the decision will aid in the development of renewable and solar energy statewide and lead to the creation of thousands of job opportunities.
On August 30, 2016, a proposition that will dispose of property taxes on both commercial and industrial solar panels was approved by Florida voters. The initiative to revitalize renewable energy efforts garnered overwhelming bipartisan support. According to Florida Politics, on August 30, 2016, Amendment 4 accumulated almost 75 percent of the votes cast, surpassing the 60 percent minimum required. The ongoing debate regarding solar energy remains a major issue, with utility-supported policies expected to face scrutiny and resistance.
Guam
Net metering was established in Guam in 2004, with 1,700 customers as of September 2018. Net metering will be reduced over a five-year period from 2019 to compensate customer-generators for avoided cost instead.
Hawaii
Due to the effect of electrical back feed which happened when the utility grid flooded with solar electricity. The Hawaii Public Utilities Commission eliminated retail net metering in 2015. When it did so, it replaced net metering with a "Customer Grid Supply" (CGS) and a "Customer Self Supply" (CSS) option. Since the elimination of net metering in 2015, Hawaii regulators have capped the number of solar customers who can send their excess energy back into the grid. Those customers are in the CGS program. Other customers in the CSS option use residential energy storage instead of sending their energy back into the grid. Beginning October 2018, The Hawaii Public Utilities Commission Approved a program Called NEM Plus which allows existing NEM customers to install additional Solar PV provided that the additional capacity does NOT export more power back to grid than was approved on the original NEM contract. This requires the use of curtailment controls and will allow the customer to integrate batteries to store the surplus capacity.
Idaho
Approximately 1,400 people in Idaho are enrolled in net metering. Most of these customers use of rooftop solar systems. Idaho Power says that the current net metering system was not created to account for homeowners who installed their own solar panels, and as such, traditional power customers are "being forced to make up any budget shortfalls."
In 2017 Idaho Power requested to create a new class of customers starting January 1, 2018. By doing so, Idaho Power could introduce possible rate hikes for that new class of customers, more than what they currently pay to access the state's power grid and buy electricity when their own solar panels are not producing electricity. The Idaho Public Utilities Commission said that it will hold a hearing in March 2018 before coming to a decision on Idaho Power's request.
Indiana
In Indiana, solar energy makes up less than one percent of the state's energy consumption. In Indianapolis, for example, Indianapolis Power & Light has roughly 100 solar customers.
In February 2017, the state Senate approved by a vote of 39-9 Senate Bill 309 which would roll back net metering in Indiana. The bill "would ultimately reduce the rate paid to net metering customers from the retail rate to the utility's marginal cost, plus 25%." People who already use solar power with net metering would be grandfathered for ten years at the current rate. The Sierra Club's "Beyond Coal" campaign ran a radio ad campaign to oppose the bill.
In April 2017, the state House passed their own version of the bill.
As of 2018, a new net metering law is "limiting net metering benefits, but anyone with solar panels installed before January 1, 2018, was able to secure the credit for 30 years. After this date, the credit will be secure for 15 years."
As of January 2018, dozens of homeowner associations across central Indiana put up barriers to residential solar installations, according to the Indianapolis Star. "With hundreds of Homeowners Associations across just Central Indiana, a review suggests that as many as half don't allow panels at all while the others have weak or limiting language that leaves architectural review committees to make decisions devoid of objective criteria."
Kansas
Kansas Corporation Commission approved demand charges for solar net metering customers of Kansas City Power & Light and Westar Energy fall of 2018. Early 2019 the Clean Energy Business Council (CEBC) introduced SB 124 to remove the punitive charges on solar customers. March 2019 - Evergy (Westar & KCP&L) agreed to file a new tariff with the KCC grandfathering Westar customers who installed solar prior to January 10, 2018, and KCP&L customers who installed prior to 12/20/18, into the old rate thereby eliminating their demand charges. To make further progress, the agreement included a commitment by Evergy to collaborate with the CEBC to find reasonable solutions that allow the solar industry to grow. May 17, 2019 - Westar's tariff to grandfather existing customers was filed. The two utilities together provide about one-third of electricity to Kansas. Commercial and industrial customers of the utilities would not be affected by the demand fees.
The demand fee proposals would charge customers nine dollars per kilowatt during four summer months. Customers will be charged two dollars or three dollars per kilowatt during the remaining months of the year. Households with a smaller number of solar panels would likely see their rates go up under the proposal. The utility companies say that the demand fees are necessary because all customers must contribute to pay for the system that is capable of meeting spikes in demand. Customers who use a small amount of electricity because they produce some of their own via solar panels do not pay enough to cover their portion of transmission and distribution systems, according to the utility companies. The Demand Fees were allowed because of a 2014 law which allowed solar customers to be charged "differently".
The legality of Demand Fees were questioned in court by the Sierra Club and Earthjustice on the basis that an existing law from 1980 guaranteed that customers who generated renewable energy couldn't be charged more than customers who didn't. Although the Sierra Club lost in both the lower and appellate courts, they persisted until the Kansas Supreme Court heard the case. The Kansas Supreme Court ruled on 3 April 2020 that the 1980 law was still in effect. The 2014 law allowed the utility company to charge solar customers "differently" but not MORE. Eventually, the KCC ruled that Westar (now Evergy) had to give back the Demand Fees which they collected.
Kentucky
In early 2018, a bill was proposed in the Kentucky Legislature that could dramatically alter net metering within the state. House Bill 227 would reduce the credit that rooftop solar owners receive when they send electricity back to the grid by as much as 65 percent.
HB 227 is moving across the legislature. Tyler White, the president of the Kentucky Coal Association, who supports the bill, has said that net metering is paramount to a renewable energy subsidy. The reason is because only some people (those without solar) pay to maintain the electric grid, while others (those with solar power systems) do not, despite the fact that everyone uses the grid. According to White, "Germany has spent hundreds of billions of dollars on solar and wind, yet they provide only 3 percent of its total energy. The average German pays 3 times more for electricity than the average American." In Kentucky, there are more than 2.2 million utility customers; there are less than 1,000 private net metered customers, and half of them are located in Lexington and Louisville. White argues that a vote in favor of HB 227 is "a vote to make sure the people of Eastern Kentucky are not paying more on their utility bills to fund the growth of private solar for the wealthy in Lexington and Louisville."
By March 2018, Kentucky legislators "continue to wrestle over a plan to sharply reduce the amount utilities pay customers who sell excess solar power to their local utilities." The bill was approved by the House Natural Resources and Energy Committee but has not yet been debated on or voted on in the Kentucky House of Representatives. According to Daily Energy Insider, "A major question is whether, under the state’s current net metering law, the vast majority of ratepayers are subsidizing the cost of maintaining the regional grid for the relatively few customers with solar energy systems who are connected to it."
In Kentucky, homeowners who have rooftop solar sell their surplus electricity back to utility companies at the retail rate (the rate the utility charges the customer, not the rate the utility purchases electricity).
Maine
A coalition of pro-solar groups filed a lawsuit in September 2018 against the Maine Public Utilities Commission. The coalition argued that regulators violated the law when they approved rules that would increase the costs of solar customers connecting to the electric grid.
In Maine, the two major issues regarding retail rates and net metering programs were how to deal with CMP reaching 1 percent of peak load net metering cap and the real value of solar. The Alliance for Solar Choice stated that it would prefer to see net metering kept intact until the policy produces solar growth.
In 2016, solar companies and major utility companies came to a legislative agreement over net metering issues. The two sides said that their deal might increase solar power in Maine "tenfold in five years." In response, several national solar companies paid for lobbyists to travel to Maine and attempt to persuade state legislators to stop the deal. The legislation would replace net metering with a concept referred to as "next metering." Under next metering, regulators would set the rates that utilities pay residential solar customers for the customers' excess energy. (Under normal net metering, utilities would pay the wholesale rate). The legislation includes a grandfather clause for existing solar customers.
Maine is considering changing its net metering energy billing rules. On September 13, 2016, the Maine Public Utilities Commission proposed a new rule, and then held a public hearing on October 17. The proposal would consider changing net metering billing rules and is expected to be completed in early 2017.
In the Maine legislature, Assistant Majority Leader Sara Gideon (D-Freeport) introduced a new bill to increase Maine's solar industry tenfold and implement a market-based program, replacing the current net metering policy. In 2015–2016 in Maine, a collective group of environmentalists, consumer representatives, installers of solar power, and utilities proposed a bill in the state legislature suggesting the replacement of net metering with a market-based "pay for production" program. One provision of the bill proposes that Central Maine Power (CMP) and Emera, Maine's two main utilities, establish long-term contracts with utility developers and solar owners allowing them to purchase solar power generation. Subsequently, they would bid the generation into New England electricity markets. This arrangement could last existing net metering customers up to 12 years. A competitively set regulated price would be paid by the aggregators in order to compensate for owner costs. In turn, the utility aggregators would capitalize on the return on sales.
In March 2017, state legislators in both the Maine state House and Senate began writing legislation that would preserve retail net metering. The bills would make it temporary in the short term. In early 2017, the Maine Public Utilities Commission approved new limits that will eventually phase out net metering, beginning in 2018. The House bill would "fully save retail net metering." A group called the Maine Environmental Priorities Coalition supports the legislation. The Senate bill would reinstate net metering while regulators examine "how advanced metering can help better determine the costs and benefits of rooftop solar." The solar industry is supporting that bill. In February 2017, a group called the Natural Resources Council of Maine "vowed to continue fighting new net metering restrictions."
In December 2017, the Maine Public Utilities Commission voted to delay implementing the state's new solar rules, which would phase down the net metering compensation for rooftop solar customers. Net metering supporters, led by the Conservation Law Foundation, filed a lawsuit to overturn the PUC's decision. The Maine Supreme Judicial Court is set to hear arguments in the case on December 13, 2017.
The Maine legislature tried to reverse the course set by the PUC by passing a bill to roll back the PUC's decision to phase down net metering. The bill passed the legislature but was vetoed by Governor Paul LePage.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts law allows net metering for any kind of generation technology (even non-renewable), up to 60 kW in capacity. Solar, wind, and anaerobic digestion facilities are eligible for much higher caps, depending on whether they are privately or publicly owned. Privately owned generation facilities must be under 2 MW and publicly owned under 10 MW. The total cap on net metering was established in state law in April 2016. For the private sector, it set the cap at 7% of historic peak load. For the public sector the cap is 8% of historic peak load. These values are calculated for each electric company in the state. This means, the net metering cap is different in different parts of that state (served by different electric companies). For example, the cap for private generation on Nantucket is only 3.5 MW, but for western Massachusetts it is 59.78 MW.
In January 2018, the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities (DPU) approved demand charges for Eversource utility's net metering customers. DPU also got rid of optional time-of-use rates for residential customers. Among renewable and clean energy advocates, demand charges are "very controversial." DPU's decision has set the stage for intense debate over rate design. Eversource had argued it faced "displaced distribution revenues" of more than $8 million per year that should be collected from net-metered customers. The DPU agreed, saying "the companies have demonstrated a cost shift from net metering to non-net metering customers by identifying costs directly imposed by net metering facilities on the distribution system."
Michigan
In June 2018, the Michigan Public Service Commission decided to end net metering for new solar installations. Existing residential solar customers would have ten more years of net metering. Companies that install solar panels expect that the new policy will hurt their business. Michigan utility companies such as Consumers Energy and DTE Energy argue that other customers are subsidizing the customers [who have] solar. According to Michigan NPR, utility companies "say paying solar customers the retail rate for power ignores the utility companies’ costs of maintaining the power lines and the power plants that provide the minimum baseload required to keep the power operating."
The Michigan Public Service Commission Is calculating a new rate to pay solar customers who send energy back to the grid; the commission is using measurements of inflow and outflow of electricity to calculate the rate. In other states that have ended net metering, the new rates range from 75 to 95% of the retail rate. The reason that the Michigan Public Service Commission is ending net metering is that in 2016, the state legislature called on the commission to come up with a study on the best way to measure and compensate for electricity from residential solar customers.
The plans have been met with resistance from solar advocates who worry that the new program will "slow the rooftop industry to a crawl in the state." The Michigan Public Service Commission reported that the amount of installed solar grew from 361 MW at the end of 2015 to 580 MW in 2016. It projects that when the 2017 numbers are in, that number will grow to 1.2 GW. Currently, utilities pay the retail rate back to Michigan's solar customers for excess electricity that they generate and sell back to the grid.
In January 2018, officials in Ann Arbor, Michigan amended local zoning rules to prohibit ground-mounted solar panels in front yards, citing public safety.
Missouri
In the spring of 2016, the city of Mt. Vernon, Missouri created a local net metering program. The local board of aldermen passed a measure on May 16, 2016, that allows for residents and businesses to apply to "generate their own electricity while staying connected to the Mt. Vernon power grid." The board took up the issue after city residents asked about regulations regarding hooking up their own solar panels. The town's program would allow net metering, but consumers must pay for their own equipment including a bi-directional meter. Participants would pay for power from the city at the regular rate that any other city consumer would pay. Participants who create excess power would receive a credit on their utility bill, equal to what the city pays for the electricity at a wholesale rate from the distributor Empire.
In 2017, a bill was proposed in the state House (House Bill 340 ) that would give utility companies permission to increase fixed charges for rooftop solar customers by up to 75 percent. The bill also would allow the Missouri Public Service Commission to require solar customers to maintain a "reasonable amount of liability insurance coverage or other equivalent respecting the installation and operation of the qualified electric energy generation unit."
According to Utility Dive, the debate "mirrors net metering issues taken up in other states."
Montana
In January 2017, the Energy and Technology Interim Committee (ETIC) in the Montana legislature passed HB 52, a bill which grandfathers net metering rates to solar customers. The bill passed with unanimous support. The bill was supported by NorthWestern Energy; however, a second bill did not have as much success. Bill HB 34 would have raised the net metering cap from 50 kW to 250 kW for government buildings.
As of February 2017, the net metering policy in Montana gives credits on energy bills for energy produced that flows back to the grid for customers with wind, solar, or hydropower systems. The credits given to customers are equivalent to the retail rate of electricity.
There are at least two bills in the state legislature that would change that rate. Senate Bill 7, sponsored by Sen. Pat Connell (R-Hamilton) would ban net metering customers from being subsidized other customers of the utility company. Senate Bill 78, sponsored by Sen. Keith Regier (R-Kalispell) would require the Montana Public Service Commission to create a separate rate class for net metering customers by January 1, 2018. Under the bill, power produced by net metering customers would be valued at the wholesale rate and net metering customers to pay a monthly service charge to help pay for the fixed costs of the public utility's operation.
Nebraska
In Nebraska, "customer-owned renewable energy generation" can be included under the state's net metering system. However, energy generated by the customer must reach a minimum of 25 kilowatts. The energy can be generated from a variety of renewable sources including solar, wind, and hydro.
Nevada
The state of Nevada implemented net metering in 1997. Up until 2016, utility companies in Nevada paid the retail electricity rate to net metering consumers. Nevada's utilities pay net metering customers an average of $623 per year in southern Nevada and $471 per year in northern Nevada. (The major utility company in Nevada is NV Energy. )
The Nevada legislature passed legislation in 2015 that required the Nevada Public Utilities Commission to study the electric rate structure and come up with ways to shift costs. In December 2015, the commission updated the regulations so that utility companies would pay the wholesale rate to net metering consumers.
The group Greenpeace and Senator Harry Reid, the Democratic leader in the U.S. Senate, expressed opposition to the commission's ruling.
On December 22, 2016, the Nevada Public Utilities Commission unanimously decided to eliminate the previous rate structure that went into effect in 2015, which contributed to the collapse of Nevada's rooftop solar industry. The decision allows the state's solar market to be restored. The ruling determined that the rate would decrease from 11 cents per kilowatt-hour to 2.6 cents, while the monthly service fee increase from $12.75 to $38.51.
In June 2017, the legislature approved several bills intended to "advance access to clean energy, including measures aimed at boosting the value of rooftop solar, while increasing the state's renewable energy goals." According to Utility DIVE, "Clean energy advocates are hailing several pieces of legislation that will help turn around Nevada's image as being unfriendly to renewable energy." The state Senate unanimously approved AB405 to restore net metering rates paid by utility companies to rooftop solar companies; the rate utilities would have to pay to buy back energy would be close to the "retail rate" that customers pay utilities, instead of the wholesale rate that utility companies pay to get electricity. The bill was signed by Governor Brian Sandoval
Sunrun and SolarCity, companies that install rooftop solar panel, both left the state after the Nevada Public Utilities Commission 2015 decision. However, both companies said they would return after AB405 is signed into law.
New Hampshire
In many states, such as New Hampshire, solar companies and utility companies are coming to the negotiation table with compromises over net metering rates. In New Hampshire, proposals put forth by both the solar companies and the utility companies in March 2017 mostly found a lot of common ground.
Both the utility companies and solar companies in New Hampshire filed proposals regarding a settlement over how customers will be compensated in the future over distributed solar systems. The proposals include compensation rate changes for rooftop solar owners, establish time-of-use rate pilot projects, and continue non-bypassable charges for solar customers. Solar companies proposed to cut the distribution credit by half in 2019; utility companies proposed to eliminate the credit completely.
Under the original policy, rooftop solar customers could net credits annually at the retail rate which is $.17 per kilowatt hour in New Hampshire. Customers could "bank them" and use them later. Utilities propose to eliminate this provision, instead crediting customers for the excess energy they generate, along with a transmission credit.
In March 2018 the New Hampshire Senate passed a bill that would let larger electric generators get compensated for the excess power they feed into the electric grid above what the owners use. Under the current law, generators of up to 1 megawatt are eligible for net metering. The Senate proposal would raise the cap to allow projects of up to 5 megawatts. "While net metering legislation often focuses on homeowners’ rooftop solar installations, this bill is intended to provide an incentive for developers to install bigger systems, projects that could serve communities and large companies. It also would encompass some small-scale hydropower projects that already exist in the state."
Governor John Sununu vetoed Senate Bill 446, which would have expanded the state's net metering program. To accomplish that, the bill would increase the size limit for net metered projects from 1 MW to 5 MW. In August 2018, state senator Bob Giuda, one of the sponsors of the bill, pushed for the legislature to override the governor's veto.
In 2018, two candidates running for the Democratic nomination for governor, Molly Kelly and Steve Marchand, "talk[ed] about an energy policy issue that rarely makes national headlines: net metering. It's a state program that lets electric ratepayers generate their own power, and put it back into the grid in exchange for lower energy costs." Kelly was the original architect of New Hampshire's net metering law, which some municipalities such as Nashua hoped would expand, under a bill that saw bipartisan support during the 2018 legislative session. Governor Chris Sununu vetoed that bill. However, the legislature may try to override the veto.
North Carolina
In June 2017, the North Carolina House of Representatives took action on a bill, HB589. First, the bill would try to create a process for competitive bidding among solar developers. Second, it would create a solar leasing program.
The bill passed by a vote of 108–11. As of June 8, the state Senate was expected to consider the bill the following week, but the bill, according to news reports, would face a harder time getting passed in the state Senate. Gov. Roy Cooper has said he supports the legislation.
According to Utility DIVE, "The legislation proposes a competitive bidding process for independent solar developers that lawmakers say will help keep costs down by using market-driven solutions to develop renewable projects. The bill would also create a Green Source Rider Program to allows large utility customers to take control of their energy purchasing."
The federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act makes it mandatory for utility companies to purchase renewable energy from independent power developers. HB589 would allow utility companies to work with state regulators to propose a program that would "procure renewable energy at a competitive rate." Utility companies would then be allowed to compete and bid against third-party energy developers. Duke Energy proposed a measure in 2016 that is similar to the bill (the North Carolina Utilities Commission rejected a similar measure in 2014).
Additionally, the bill would create a program for solar panel leasing. The intent is to create a competitive market to install renewable energy and encourage the installation of more rooftop and other solar energy projects. Utility companies will be allowed to propose changes to net metering rates after the completion of a cost and benefits analysis. Existing solar customers would be grandfathered under the original rates until January 2027.
Ohio
Recently, it has become a popular trend for utilities in several states to dramatically increase their consumers' fixed charges in order to account for the cost-shift created by the growing number of net metering customers who do not cover their share of grid upkeep costs, which, subsequently, places the burden onto non-solar panel customers. The average increase of fixed charges is estimated at 20 percent.
In Ohio, American Electric Power (AEP) proposed to more than double its fixed charges from $8.40 per month to $18.40 per month, affecting nearly 1.5 million customers in order to accommodate for the increase costs due to net metering.
AEP was under investigation by the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) for allegedly double-charging their customers a total of $120 million to supposedly cover fuel costs for one of their power plants in Lawerenceburg, Indiana and for two other power plants operated by Ohio Valley Electric Corp. The double-charge would have affected 67 percent or 1 million customers who had opted out of an alternate supplier. In 2014, PUCO enlisted an outside firm to conduct an audit focusing on their consumers' charges. The findings concluded that the customers were indeed overpaying. At the same time, AEP was being reimbursed for their fuel costs twice in a period from 2013 to 2015.
The Office of the Ohio Consumer's Council, under the auditor's advice, requested AEP to disclose additional records, which was, in turn, denied by a PUCO administrative law judge, who agreed with AEP's stance that their confidentiality be protected until the audit process was resolved. Pablo Vegas, the president and chief operating officer of AEP Ohio, insisted at the time that rates are based on actual costs of system operations, solidifying the company's claim that no deceptive action had taken place.
A ruling by PUCO in November 2017 reduced the amount of credit a customer could receive for excess electricity sold back into the grid. This reduction in credit applies to people whose systems generate enough electricity to offset all of their use, and still have some electricity left over. On January 10, 2018, PUCO held public oral arguments on the issue. Utilities and opponents are "digging in against each other over proposed changes", and the issue looks likely to head to the state Supreme Court. One of the more contentious sections limits the part of a customer's bill that can be offset by solar panel generation.
In a statewide poll of Republican or independents who also say they are conservative, the Ohio Conservative Energy Forum found in 2018 that 87 percent support net metering.
South Carolina
In South Carolina, residential solar can make up two percent of the energy each utility sells, according to a law passed in 2014. Solar developers and solar advocate special interests argue that the cap stifles further residential solar development in the state. In June 2018, South Carolina lawmakers declined to remove limits on solar in the state during reconciliation of the state's annual budget bill. Developers and renewable advocates criticized state legislators for cutting the proposal from the budget bill. Major utilities in South Carolina are expected to meet the net metering cap this year.
Utah
The state of Utah offers tax credit for customers of residential solar panels. In February 2017, there was a compromise in the state legislature to phase out the solar tax credit by the year 2021 by limiting how much of a tax credit each person can get. The bill, House Bill 23, was signed in March 2017 by Utah's governor Gary Herbert. In Utah, before the legislation takes effect, rooftop solar customers can claim $2,000 in tax credits. That amount will be reduced by $400 each year starting in 2018 until it is down to zero. Regarding the passage and signing of House Bill 23, the solar industry didn't fight it.
Tax credits currently cost the state of Utah $6 million per year. This is due to the growth in residential installations. Rooftop solar customers can currently get $2,000 in tax credits on their state income tax return. If the bill is passed into law, that amount will be reduced by $400 per year starting in 2018. The solar power industry doesn't like the bill; however, they did not contest it.
The largest threat to solar power in Utah is rate design and changes to net metering. However, in the last week of August 2017, Utah Governor Gary Herbert's office announced that stakeholders reached a compromise in Utah's net metering debate. The compromise allows Rocky Mountain Power's current solar customers, as well as those who submit their solar application through November 15, 2017, to continue receiving the "retail rate" credits (when their solar power systems generate excess electricity and send it back to the grid) until 2035. The compromise also implements a 3-year transition that gives export credits to rooftop solar customers. During that time, Rocky Mountain Power must study a "new method of compensation after a value of solar study concludes." Over a dozen entities signed onto the agreement, including Rocky Mountain Power, Vivint Solar, Utah Clean Energy, the Utah Solar Energy Association, and the Utah Division of Public Utilities.
The plan would "decrease the value of credits customers receive from the utility in exchange for excess power their panels generate." Rocky Mountain Power decided to grandfather existing net metering customers until the year 2035.
Utah had a once robust rooftop solar market. However, as of 2018, the market has significantly declined after the state implemented changes to net metering.
In the second quarter of 2018, Rocky Mountain Power saw only 1,087 customers who installed distributed renewable energy systems, of which almost all of them were rooftop solar. This number represents a decline of more than half from the first quarter of 2018. It is also far less than the number of installations conducted in 2016 or 2017. In those years, over 10,000 net metering installations were performed.
Vermont
In October 2017 solar panel installer SolarCity reached a settlement with the Vermont Department of Public Service over improperly filed contracts. The Vermont Public Utility Commission (VPUC) investigated SolarCity's business practices in September 2017. VPUC said SolarCity failed to file registrations with state regulators. The company will spend $200,000 "to address net-metering contracts and registrations for about 134 customers" under the settlement.
Vermont changed its net metering program. The new rules "encourage community solar projects and help ratepayers, who subsidize the above market rates utilities are required to pay for power generated under the program."
Virginia
Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, in October 2018, announced the creation of the 2018 Virginia Energy Plan. The plan makes energy conservation recommendations in the areas of solar energy, wind energy, energy efficiency, energy storage, and electric vehicles. One of the goals laid out in the plan would expand net metering and community solar programs.
|
WIKI
|
Arrays are an essential part of JavaScript, and they can store multiple values of different data types in a single variable. They are useful when you want to store data in a specific order, and you can access the values in an array through their indices. When working with arrays, you might come across a situation where you need to remove a specific item from the array. This article will show you how to do just that.
Understanding Arrays in JavaScript
An array is a data structure that allows you to store multiple values in a single variable. In JavaScript, arrays are defined using square brackets and can contain any data type, including other arrays. As a result, arrays are a powerful tool in JavaScript, and understanding how to manipulate them is essential for any JavaScript developer.
Why Remove Specific Items from an Array?
There are various reasons why you may want to remove specific items from an array in JavaScript. For example, you may want to remove duplicates from an array, filter out unwanted elements, or remove elements that meet specific criteria. Regardless of the reason, the ability to remove particular items from an array is a critical skill for any JavaScript developer.
Methods for Removing Specific Items from an Array
Several JavaScript methods are available to remove specific items from an array, including filter, splice, and slice. Let’s take a closer look at each technique and its use case.
Method 1: Using the Filter
The filter method is a commonly used for removing specific items from an array. It creates a new array that contains only elements that pass a test specified in a callback function. To remove an item from an array using the filter method, you need to pass a callback function that returns false for the items you want to remove.
For example, let’s consider an array of numbers that contains the following elements:
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
If we want to remove the number 3 from the numbers array, we can use the following code:
let filteredNumbers = numbers.filter(function(number) {
return number !== 3;
});
One advantage of using the filter method is that it creates a new array, which means that the original array remains unchanged. This makes it an ideal way to use if you want to preserve the original array.
Method 2: Using the Splice
The splice method is another commonly used method for removing specific items from an array. It is a powerful method that allows you to add, remove, or replace elements in an array. To remove an item from an array using the splice method, specify the index of the item you want to remove and the number of elements to remove.
For example, let’s consider the same numbers array that we used in the previous example:
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
If we want to remove the number 3 from the numbers array, we can use the following code:
let index = numbers.index
Method 3: Using the Slice
The slice method is versatile and allows you to extract a portion of an array and return it as a new array. This section will show you how to use the slice method to remove a specific item from an array in JavaScript.
Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the slice method to remove a specific item from an array:
let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'];
let index = fruits.indexOf('banana');
let newFruits = fruits.slice(0, index).concat(fruits.slice(index + 1));
console.log(newFruits); // Output: ['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']
In this example, we use the indexOf method to find the index of the item ‘banana’ in the fruits array. We then use the slice method to extract the portion of the array before and after the item and concatenate the two parts to create a new array without the item.
Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, and the best way to use them will depend on the specific needs of your project. However, whether removing a particular item from an array or removing multiple items that meet specific criteria, these methods provide a way to accomplish this task in JavaScript.
Thanks for reading. Happy coding!
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
User:AHabgood-Rose
Adrian Habgood-Rose (born 1958). Musician, musicologist and teacher. Private viol pupil of Cécile and Nathalie Dolmetsch, also of Marco Pallis; recorder pupil of Carl Dolmetsch. Studied at the Royal Academy of Music, London, with Lady Barbirolli and Janet Craxton (oboe); Ruth Harte (piano) and Geraint Jones (harpsichord). Here obtained a London University 'B Mus.' degree; also LRAM and ARCM teaching diplomas. Later studied privately in Paris with Nadia Boulanger, and obtained an MA in the editing and interpretation of Renaissance and Baroque music from Nottingham University (1982).
|
WIKI
|
Impressionism painting styles are extremely popular due to the fact that it is an extremely popular art form. Impressionism was first created in Impressionist France, during the 1890’s. Impressionism is a French word that translates to ‘impression’ and, for those of you who may not know, the impression is simply a visual impression, or ‘taste’. Impressionist paintings have an extremely vivid and colorful appearance, that is also very different from other types of art styles.
Impressionism is one of the oldest art styles and the majority of the paintings that are being created at this point in time are Impressionist. Impressionists were heavily influenced by Impressionist painting styles, so much so that they actually started their own style. Impressionists would usually use a mixture of natural light and dark color and would often include a variety of landscapes and objects such as insects, birds, fish and even trees. Impressionists were often heavily influenced by nature, and as a result of their focus on the natural environment, it is no wonder that they were able to create some of the most beautiful paintings in history.
While they are popular as they are now, they are not as common today as they once were. There is a very important distinction between Impressionist paintings and the modern day type of painting, which is why there are so many different types of Impressionism paintings out there.
Impressionist paintings include things like Monet’s famous landscape paintings in The River, Impressionist landscapes like Boucher’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, and works by Paul Gauguin. Impressionist painters like Vincent Van Gogh and Pablo Picasso were also extremely influential in the creation of Impressionist painting styles.
Nowadays, there are far fewer Impressionist paintings, and the majority of the painting that is created today is in the modern day type of art style. Modern day Impressionism is very different from the Impressionist style that was popular in the past. Modern day Impressionism paints much more abstractly than did Impressionist paintings of the past. They will also often use bright colors and bright lights, which are quite different from what was used by Impressionist painters, because they found that in order to paint in bright colors, their work needed to be much more lively and animated, with things like bright lights were vital to the paintings they created.
Modern day Impressionists is also very much influenced by modern day culture and technology. Due to the fact that they have become more immersed in the modern day world, they have been able to create many great works of art, which are completely different from what the Impressionists had previously.
Modern day Impressionists includes works such as abstract art like abstract expressionism. and graffiti art like urban art. Impressionism is also often mixed with various styles of graffiti art.
The types of painting styles that can be categorized as Impressionist are very different from the traditional Impressionist styles that we are used to seeing in the galleries of the world. If you are looking for Impressionist paintings, you will often have a much more difficult time finding them. Most museums do not display Impressionist works, and this is something that you will need to do if you want to purchase Impressionist artwork. Although there are many Impressionist works of art out there, they will often not be the ones that you are looking for, and will instead be pieces of art which are currently available through auction houses and online galleries, or websites.
Modern day Impressionism was influenced by many things including the art world and modern day pop culture. Because of this, it has become a much different painting style from the Impressionist style, which has become so popular during the past few years. Modern day Impressionism does not focus much on the abstract, but instead takes on a much broader range of subjects, including animals, scenery, and objects, and is extremely colorful and vibrant.
If you would like to purchase artwork based on Impressionism painting styles, you should take a look at art auctions online and in galleries around the country, as these are often times the most affordable ways to buy Impressionist art. These are often times pieces that have been painted for much less than traditional Impressionist pieces.
You should also take a look at the many art galleries that exist online, as these are often times very well known Impressionist painting studios, and some of these galleries will feature Impressionist painting and Impressionist artwork in a much larger format than you might be used to seeing. If you are unable to find a good gallery to purchase Impressionist art from, you can always make sure to look at some of the online art galleries. It is possible to see all of the Impressionist styles of art out there, and purchase any of your favorite painting styles for far less than you would normally pay at a gallery. By doing this, you will be able to have the ability to enjoy Impressionist art for a much more reasonable price.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Leica L-Mount
The Leica L-Mount is a bayonet mount developed by Leica Camera AG for interchangeable-lens autofocus digital cameras.
The L-Mount has an inner diameter of 51.6 mm and a flange depth of 20.0 mm. The L-mount exists in two versions, an APS-C version (TL) and a full-frame version (SL). The two versions are mechanically and electronically compatible. TL lenses mounted on full-frame cameras will cause the camera to use a crop mode from the center of the sensor, corresponding to the APS-C coverage of the lens. SL lenses mounted on TL cameras function normally, providing a 1.5x crop field of view, as is typical with APS-C cameras.
In 2018 Leica formed the L-Mount Alliance, licensing Sigma, Panasonic in the same year, to use an upgraded version of the mount for their own products, opening the way for a more extensive system of fully compatible cameras and lenses.
Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH, the cine lens business of Leica, joined the L-Mount Alliance in 2021, DJI followed in 2022, Samyang, Astrodesign and Blackmagic Design in 2023.
T-Mount to L-Mount
It was introduced in April 2014 with the Leica T (Typ 701) camera. At the time of introduction, it was called the "T-mount", but this was changed to "L-mount" with the release of the Leica SL, a full-frame sensor camera using the same mount. The Leica T was renamed to the Leica TL at this time, to permit marketing clarity for the L-mount lens line: TL lenses would cover APS-C sensors, while SL lenses would cover full-frame sensors.
The mount is used by the Leica TL (discontinued), TL2, Leica CL (2017) and Leica SL systems. The L-Mount is a registered trademark of Leica Camera AG.
L-Mount Alliance
On 25 September 2018, the L-Mount Alliance between Leica, Panasonic and Sigma was announced, enabling the partners "to make use of the L-Mount standard developed by Leica for their own developments and to offer both cameras and lenses utilising this lens mount" with full compatibility between the three companies' products.
According to Sigma CEO, Kazuto Yamaki, the "L-mount system is not exactly the same as the existing one. We updated it a little bit to work better with such lenses through lens adapters."
On the same day, Panasonic announced its S1R and S1 full-frame L-Mount cameras and three L-Mount lenses, with seven more lenses to be launched by 2020.
Sigma announced that it will launch a full-frame camera in 2019, using the L-Mount and the company's Foveon sensor, as well as a range of L-mount lenses and adapters for Sigma SA and Canon EF lenses.
Six cameras and 39 native lenses are confirmed for the L-Mount by 2020.
APS-C
Leica T/TL cameras use APS-C sensors. The TL mount version is not dust- or splashproof.
Superseded
* Leica T (Typ 701)
* Leica TL
Current
* Leica TL2
* Leica CL (2017)
Full-frame
Leica SL cameras use full-frame sensors. The SL version is dust- and splashproof.
Current
* Blackmagic Cinema Camera 6K
* Blackmagic PYXIS 6K
* DJI Ronin 4D
* Leica SL (Typ 601)
* Leica SL2
* Leica SL2-S
* Leica SL3
* Panasonic S1R
* Panasonic Lumix S1
* Panasonic Lumix S1H
* Panasonic Lumix S5
* Panasonic Lumix S5II/S5IIX
* Panasonic Lumix S9
* Sigma fp
* Sigma fp L
Withdrawn
* Unspecified Foveon-based full-frame Sigma
Lenses
Leica has an existing range of fifteen L-Mount lenses.
Panasonic committed to releasing a total of ten lenses for the L-mount by the end of 2020, beginning with the 50mm F/1.4 prime and the two zooms listed below; stating that they would provide details at Photokina 2019.
Sigma plans to release a wide range of lenses. 14 primes from Sigma's 'Global Vision' range, primarily designed for reflex cameras with short flange depths and currently available for the mirrorless Sony E-mount, will also be released in L-Mount from 2019. These will be followed by a range designed specifically for mirrorless parameters.
Prime
* Leica APO-Macro-Elmarit-TL 1:2.8 / 60 ASPH
* Leica Summilux-TL 1:1.4 / 35 ASPH
* Leica Summicron-TL 1:2 / 23 ASPH
* Leica Elmarit-TL 1:2.8 / 18 ASPH
* Sigma 16mm f/1.4 DC DN Contemporary
* Sigma 30mm f/1.4 DC DN Contemporary
* Sigma 56mm f/1.4 DC DN Contemporary
Zoom
* Leica Super-Vario-Elmar-TL 1:3.5-4.5 / 11-23 ASPH
* Leica Vario-Elmar-TL 1:3.5-5.6 / 18-56 ASPH
* Leica APO-Vario-Elmar-TL 1:3.5-4.5 / 55-135 ASPH
* Sigma 18-50 f/2.8 DC DN Contemporary
* Sigma 10-18 f/2.8 DC DN Contemporary
Prime
* Leica Summilux-SL 1:1.4 / 50 ASPH
* Leica APO-Summicron-SL 1:2 / 75 ASPH
* Leica APO-Summicron-SL 1:2 / 90 ASPH
* Leica APO-Summicron-SL 1:2 / 35 ASPH
* Leica APO-Summicron-SL 1:2 / 50 ASPH
* Leica APO-Summicron-SL 1:2 / 28 ASPH
* Panasonic Lumix S 24mm f/1.8
* Panasonic Lumix S PRO 50mm f/1.4
* Panasonic Lumix S 50mm f/1.8
* Panasonic Lumix S 85mm f/1.8
* Sigma 17mm f/4 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 20mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 24mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 24mm f/3.5 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 35mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 45mm f/2.8 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 50mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 65mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 90mm f/2.8 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 14mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 20mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 24mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 35mm f/1.2 DG DN Art
* Sigma 35mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 85mm f/1.4 DG DN Art
* Sigma 105mm f/2.8 DG DN MACRO Art
* Sigma 14mm f/1.8 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 20mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 24mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 28mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 35mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 40mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 70mm f/2.8 DG MACRO Art
* Sigma 85mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 105mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 135mm f/1.8 DG HSM Art
* Sigma 500mm f/5.6 DG DN OS Sports
Zoom
* Leica Vario-Elmarit-SL 24–70 mm 2,8 ASPH
* Leica Vario-Elmarit-SL 1:2.8-4 / 24-90 ASPH
* Leica APO-Vario-Elmarit-SL 1:2.8-4 / 90-280
* Leica Super-Vario-Elmar-SL 1:3.5-4.5 / 16-35 ASPH
* Panasonic LUMIX S PRO 16-35mm f/4
* Panasonic LUMIX S 20-60mm f/3.5-5.6
* Panasonic LUMIX S PRO 24-70mm f/2.8
* Panasonic LUMIX S 24-105mm f/4 MACRO O.I.S.
* Panasonic LUMIX S PRO 70-200mm f/4 O.I.S.
* Panasonic LUMIX S PRO 70-200mm f/2.8 O.I.S.
* Panasonic LUMIX S 70–300 mm 4,5-5,6 Macro OIS
* Panasonic Lumix S 14-28mm F4-5.6 Macro
* Sigma 14-24mm f/2.8 DG DN Art
* Sigma 16-28mm f/2.8 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 24-70mm f/2.8 DG DN Art
* Sigma 28-70mm f/2.8 DG DN Contemporary
* Sigma 70-200mm f/2.8 DG DN Sports
* Sigma 100-400mm f/5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary
* Sigma 150-600mm f/5-6.3 DG DN OS Sports
* Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3 DG DN OS Sports
* Samyang AF 35-150mm F2-2.8 L
Third-party
Manual third-party lenses are being produced in L-mount by Irix Cine, 7Artisans (Photoelectric series), Meyer-Optik (Görlitz series), and Kipon HandeVision (IBELUX and IBERIT series').
Lens adapters
* Leica R-Adapter L
* Leica S-Adapter L
* Leica M-Adapter L
* Leica PL-Adapter L
* Novoflex SL-EOS Adapter
* Novoflex SL/NIK Adapter
* Sigma MC-21 SA-L
* Sigma MC-21 EF-L Sigma-manufactured 'Global Vision' EF-mount lenses are fully supported and compatible; although non-Sigma EF-mount lenses remain unguaranteed.
|
WIKI
|
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2010 Christopher Han * @package GitPHP * @subpackage Controller */ class GitPHP_Controller_Blob extends GitPHP_ControllerBase { /** * Initialize controller */ public function Initialize() { parent::Initialize(); if (empty($this->params['hashbase'])) $this->params['hashbase'] = 'HEAD'; } /** * Gets the template for this controller * * @return string template filename */ protected function GetTemplate() { if ($this->Plain()) return 'blobplain.tpl'; return 'blob.tpl'; } /** * Gets the cache key for this controller * * @return string cache key */ protected function GetCacheKey() { return (isset($this->params['hashbase']) ? $this->params['hashbase'] : '') . '|' . (isset($this->params['hash']) ? $this->params['hash'] : '') . '|' . (isset($this->params['file']) ? sha1($this->params['file']) : ''); } /** * Gets the name of this controller's action * * @param boolean $local true if caller wants the localized action name * @return string action name */ public function GetName($local = false) { if ($local && $this->resource) { return $this->resource->translate('blob'); } return 'blob'; } /** * Loads headers for this template */ protected function LoadHeaders() { if ($this->Plain()) { $this->DisableLogging(); $this->preserveWhitespace = true; // XXX: Nasty hack to cache headers if (!$this->tpl->isCached('blobheaders.tpl', $this->GetFullCacheKey())) { if (isset($this->params['file'])) $saveas = GitPHP_Util::BaseName($this->params['file']); else $saveas = $this->params['hash'] . ".txt"; $headers = array(); $mime = null; if ($this->config->GetValue('filemimetype')) { if ((!isset($this->params['hash'])) && (isset($this->params['file']))) { $commit = $this->GetProject()->GetCommit($this->params['hashbase']); $this->params['hash'] = $commit->GetTree()->PathToHash($this->params['file']); if (empty($this->params['hash'])) throw new GitPHP_FileNotFoundException($this->params['file']); } $blob = $this->GetProject()->GetObjectManager()->GetBlob($this->params['hash']); if (!empty($this->params['file'])) $blob->SetPath($this->params['file']); $mimeReader = new GitPHP_FileMimeTypeReader($blob, $this->GetMimeStrategy()); $mime = trim($mimeReader->GetMimeType()); } if ($mime) $headers[] = "Content-type: $mime; charset=UTF-8"; else $headers[] = "Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"; $headers[] = "Content-disposition: inline; filename=\"" . $saveas . "\""; $this->tpl->assign("blobheaders", serialize($headers)); } $out = $this->tpl->fetch('blobheaders.tpl', $this->GetFullCacheKey()); $this->headers = unserialize(trim($out)); } else { parent::LoadHeaders(); } } /** * Loads data for this template */ protected function LoadData() { $commit = $this->GetProject()->GetCommit($this->params['hashbase']); $this->tpl->assign('commit', $commit); $tree = $commit->GetTree(); $this->tpl->assign('tree', $commit->GetTree()); if ((!isset($this->params['hash'])) && (isset($this->params['file']))) { $this->params['hash'] = $tree->PathToHash($this->params['file']); if (empty($this->params['hash'])) throw new GitPHP_FileNotFoundException($this->params['file']); } $blob = $this->GetProject()->GetObjectManager()->GetBlob($this->params['hash']); if (!empty($this->params['file'])) $blob->SetPath($this->params['file']); $blob->SetCommit($commit); $this->tpl->assign('blob', $blob); if ($this->Plain()) { return; } $head = $this->GetProject()->GetHeadCommit(); $this->tpl->assign('head', $head); if ($this->config->GetValue('filemimetype')) { $mimeReader = new GitPHP_FileMimeTypeReader($blob, $this->GetMimeStrategy()); $mimetype = $mimeReader->GetMimeType(true); if ($mimetype == 'image') { $this->tpl->assign('datatag', true); $this->tpl->assign('mime', $mimeReader->GetMimeType()); $this->tpl->assign('data', base64_encode($blob->GetData())); return; } } if ($this->config->GetValue('geshi')) { include_once(GITPHP_GESHIDIR . "geshi.php"); if (class_exists('GeSHi')) { $geshi = new GeSHi("",'php'); if ($geshi) { $lang = GitPHP_Util::GeshiFilenameToLanguage($blob->GetName()); if (empty($lang)) { $lang = $geshi->get_language_name_from_extension(substr(strrchr($blob->GetName(),'.'),1)); } if (!empty($lang)) { $geshi->enable_classes(); $geshi->enable_strict_mode(GESHI_MAYBE); $geshi->set_source($blob->GetData()); $geshi->set_language($lang); $geshi->set_header_type(GESHI_HEADER_PRE_TABLE); $geshi->enable_line_numbers(GESHI_NORMAL_LINE_NUMBERS); $geshi->set_overall_id('blobData'); $this->tpl->assign('geshiout', $geshi->parse_code()); $this->tpl->assign('geshicss', $geshi->get_stylesheet()); $this->tpl->assign('geshi', true); return; } } } } $this->tpl->assign('bloblines', $blob->GetData(true)); } /** * Get valid mime strategy */ private function GetMimeStrategy() { $strategy = new GitPHP_FileMimeType_Fileinfo($this->config->GetValue('magicdb')); if ($strategy->Valid()) return $strategy; $strategy = new GitPHP_FileMimeType_FileExe(); if ($strategy->Valid()) return $strategy; $strategy = new GitPHP_FileMimeType_Extension(); if ($strategy->Valid()) return $strategy; } /** * Tests whether we are outputting a plaintext blob * * @return boolean true if plaintext blob */ public function Plain() { if (isset($this->params['output']) && ($this->params['output'] == 'plain')) return true; return false; } }
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Barty cheered on by Aussie fans on distant Court Two
LONDON (Reuters) - Top seed Ash Barty hurried into the Wimbledon third round on Thursday, dispatching Alison van Uytvanck 6-1 6-3 in 54 minutes on the All England Club’s distant showcourt Two. Barty is the woman of the moment having just won her first Grand Slam at the French Open but she and former Wimbledon champion Angelique Kerber were consigned to Court Two for their second-round matches while much lower ranked Britons were scheduled to play on Centre Court. But the 23-year-old Australian former cricketer was not going to enter into any controversy, diplomatically saying she was happy to play on any court. “If I got to play on the (Centre) Court, it would be incredible. One of the most beautiful courts in the world,” she said. “I’ll play whenever I’m scheduled. There’s not a bad court here at Wimbledon, all special in their own right. They’re all very beautiful. I certainly enjoyed playing on Court Two today. “It was nice to hear some Aussies out there, get some support. It was incredible,” she said. It was an early start but “Aussie, Aussie, Aussie” rang out at changeovers on the court. No Australian woman has won Wimbledon since Evonne Goolagong-Cawley in 1980. And the court did not affect Barty’s tennis. She sprayed winners, including two delicious lobs, and did not allow Van Uytvanck into the match until the sixth game of the first set. Barty took the first set with a backhand that wrong-footed her opponent and wrapped up the match, played in warm sunshine, with a high backhand volley winner. Van Uytvanck is no slouch on grass. The Belgian reached the last 16 at Wimbledon last year, upsetting defending champion Garbine Muguruza on the way, and she has a powerful swinging serve. Barty said she needed to “have my running shoes on”. “I was pretty sharp from the start,” she said. “I was able to implement what I wanted right away and put the pressure straight back on her.” Barty next plays Britain’s 182nd-ranked Harriet Dart who beat Brazilian Beatriz Haddad Maia to reach the third round for the first time. It is a match made for a partisan Centre Court crowd but Barty is not worrying about that. “I wouldn’t be playing a British crowd, I’m playing against Harriet,” she said. Reporting by Clare Lovell; Editing by Ed Osmond and Alison Williams
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Marie Shroff
Dame Janet Marie Shroff (born 1944) is a New Zealand public servant who served as the Cabinet Secretary and then as Privacy Commissioner.
Shroff was born in Auckland and educated at Epsom Girls' Grammar School and the University of Auckland. She worked as a research assistant for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFAT) and then as a journalist for the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation. Her husband also worked for MFAT, and so she worked as a teacher at Samoa College, and then for the UK Cabinet Office during his foreign postings. On her return to New Zealand she worked for the State Services Commission in policy development and then on the creation of State-owned Enterprises.
From 1987 to 2003 she served as Secretary of the Cabinet and Clerk of the Executive Council of New Zealand and during that time she co-led a senior officials group which prepared central government for the introduction of the proportional electoral system in New Zealand. From 2003 to 2014 she served as Privacy Commissioner. In August 2019 she was appointed to chair the New Zealand Electoral Commission.
She is a member of the Media Council and on the boards of Consumer NZ, the Consumer Foundation, and in 2017 Shroff became the inaugural chair of the Privacy Foundation New Zealand, and she continues to sit on its board.
Shroff was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal in 1993. She was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1995 and a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2004 New Years honours list. In the 2022 New Year Honours, Shroff was promoted to Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the State and the community.
|
WIKI
|
Background: It has been hypothesized that the Outcomes of DNA testing (O) are better predicted and/or mediated by the counselees' Perception P) than by the actually communicated genetic Information (I). In this study, we aimed at quantifying the effect that perception has in genetic counseling for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer. Methods: Two hundred and four women, who had previously been tested for BRCA1/2, participated in a retrospective questionnaire study; 93% had cancer. Communicated Information (I) consisted of cancer risks and BRCA1/2 test result category: unclassified variant (n = 76), uninformative (n = 76), pathogenic mutation (n = 51). Four perception variables (P) were included: the counselees' recollections and interpretations of both the cancer risks and the likelihood that the cancer in their family is heritable. The Outcome variables (O) included life changes, counselees' medical decisions, BRCA-related self-concept, current psychological well-being, and quality-of-life. Bootstrap mediation analyses determined whether relationships were direct (I→O or P→O) or indirect through the mediation of perception (I→P→O). Results: The actually communicated pathogenic mutation and uninformative result directly predicted medical decisions (I→O), i.e. intended and performed surgery of breasts/ovaries. All other outcomes were only directly predicted by the counselees' perception (recollection and interpretation) of their cancer risks and heredity likelihood (P→O), or this perception mediated the outcome (I→P→O). However, this perception was significantly different from the actually communicated cancer risks (I→P). Unclassified variants were inaccurately perceived (mostly overestimated); this misperception predicted both psychological outcomes and radical medical decisions. Discussion: Genetic counselors need to explicitly address the counselee's interpretations and intended medical decisions. In case of misinterpretations, additional counseling might be offered. Communication of unclassified variants needs special attention given the pitfall of overestimation of risk. Copyright
, , , , ,
doi.org/10.1002/pon.1864, hdl.handle.net/1765/35038
Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer
Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam
Vos, J, Gómez García, E.B, Oosterwijk, J.C, Menko, F, Stoel, R.D, van Asperen, C.J, … Tibben, A. (2012). Opening the psychological black box in genetic counseling. The psychological impact of DNA testing is predicted by the counselees' perception, the medical impact by the pathogenic or uninformative BRCA1/2-result. Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer, 21(1), 29–42. doi:10.1002/pon.1864
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
[Methods of detector response function establishment in X-ray fluorescence spectra analysis].
Abstract
During the measurement and analysis process of X-ray fluorescence spectra, it is very helpful to improve the analyze speed, accuracy and automaticity of X-ray fluorescence spectra analysis by establishing detector response function(DRF), which represents the shape of full energy peak and can provide former basic data for subsequent X-ray analysis technique. For the theory and model of semiconductor DRF in X-ray energy spectrum measurements, methods of three typical detector response function model establishment, key parameters of full energy peak standard deviation and Fano factor calculation, etc. are discussed, and meanwhile, the summarization and contrast of existing studies are shown in this paper. Finally, the suggestion for modeling methods of DRF in X-ray fluorescence spectra measurements is provided.
Cite this paper
@article{Li2012MethodsOD, title={[Methods of detector response function establishment in X-ray fluorescence spectra analysis].}, author={Zhe Li and Xian-guo Tuo and Jianbo Yang and Ming-Zhe Liu and Yi Cheng and Lei Wang and Jian-Bin Zhou}, journal={Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu}, year={2012}, volume={32 11}, pages={3112-6} }
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Can President Trump run the government like a business? | TheHill
President Trump campaigned and was awarded the opportunity to lead our country, which includes running an organization called the U.S. government. This is notably the first time the federal government has been led by an astute businessman of his caliber. The culture changes have been eye-opening and quite dramatic. Clearly, this is not business as usual. Although it is early in his administration, all eyes are focused on the president and judgment is pending. Many people want to know, can President Trump lead the federal government like a business? In order to answer this question, we need to look at the president’s progress so far while wearing our “business hats.” Although we do not have much to go by, we can examine his driving focus, Cabinet picks, and advisor selections. First, the driving focus of this administration is setting the stage for a change in culture. The vision of “making America great again” is clearly bringing change into each and every organization within the federal government. We have not yet seen a mission statement or goals and objectives, but it is apparent Trump is bringing his organizational prowess to running the business of the federal government. Although the driving focus is short and sweet, it is necessary when examining a business because it represents the most important aspect of leading an organization: strategic thinking. Leaders of successful organizations set key drivers — a mission, vision, goals and objectives — so the people in an organization know where they are headed. Leadership always starts at the top with strategic direction. Second, in his Cabinet and advisor picks, President Trump, for the most part, zeroed-in on critical knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that he felt would be required for the success of each position. This is an effective hiring technique of successful businesses which go above and beyond the basic job description and resume process for hiring. For the staff positions, it appears that he has brought in critical thinkers and thought leaders with broad experiences in their genre. For example, Robert Lighthizer served as deputy U.S. trade representative under another administration. For the leadership positions, requirements include not only the core KSAs, but more importantly, the leadership experience to run their organization. For example, U.S. Secretary of Defense James Mattis was the former head of U.S. Central Command, which gave him relevant experience, as well as skills needed to run a large organization. Additionally, U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security John Kelly has run a combatant command, which has fought terrorism and protected borders. I feel, in contrast, the weaker selections in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities are U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley. Neither of these necessarily have the skillsets to fill the position. In my opinion, overall, the team President Trump has put together seems to be one of the best supporting casts we have seen since the Reagan administration and the “whiz kids” of the 1960s. Another reason successful businesses use the KSA method to hire is because it is necessary for leaders to understand the lines of business and processes within their organization. In the case of Mattis, he ran the war efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. He understands the different lines of business of the Defense Department, such as combat operations, acquisitions, and the administrative functions of leading thousands of people. Having this understanding allows leaders to set goals and objectives that, when reached, furthers the organization toward the strategic direction set forth by the strategic leader. By comparing President Trump’s actions in office to those of a senior leader in a corporate organization, it may just be possible to run the U.S. government as a business. He is already applying some best practices such as KSA hiring and setting some strategic direction for his organization. But where should he go from here? My suggestion would be to first conduct a strategic planning session to determine his other key drivers such as setting a mission statement as well as defining goals and objectives needed to “make America great again.” Once the strategic direction is set, he should set process and results-based metrics to measure whether the strategic goals and objectives are being met. To truly understand lines of business, we leaders must move down and examine operational processes to ensure everything in our organization is aligned to keep us headed in the right direction. Publishing goals and objectives in the strategic plan, as well as metrics that measure their progress, is a great way to objectively examine whether or not we are succeeding. Such an action would also fuel a healthy public debate, which may also be needed if he is going to survive. Major General Michael J. Diamond, U.S. Army (retired), served a combined 35 years on active duty and in the reserves. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Diamond Strategy Group, where be advises organizations on the military, manufacturing, retail, and information technology. He and his son, Captain Christopher R. Harding, are co-authors of the forthcoming book The Diamond Process: How to Fix Your Organization and Effectively Lead People, to be published in April 2017. The views expressed by contributors are their own and are not the views of The Hill. View the discussion thread. Contributor's Signup The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
French King Henry IV head identified by scientists
LONDON (AP) -- After nine months of tests, researchers in France have identified the head of France's King Henry IV, who was assassinated in 1610 aged 57.
The scientific tests helped identify the monarch's embalmed head, which was shuffled between private collections ever since it disappeared during the French Revolution in 1793.
The results of the research identifying Henry IV's head were published online today in the medical journal, BMJ.
Henry IV was buried in the Basilica of Saint Denis near Paris, but during the frenzy of the French Revolution, the royal graves were dug up and revolutionaries chopped off Henry's head, which was then snatched.
"This case was considered with the same (level of severity) as if it were a recent forensic case," said Philippe Charlier, a forensic medical examiner of University Hospital R Poincare in Garches, France, who led the team.
In the scientists' examinations of the monarch's head, they found features often seen in the king's portraits, including a dark lesion above his right nostril.
They also found a healed bone fracture above his upper left jaw, which matched a stab wound the king suffered during an assassination attempt in 1594.
Radiocarbon testing confirmed the head dated from the 17th-century. Charlier and colleagues also compared the embalmed head to an autopsy report describing the particular embalming process used for French kings, written by the king's surgeon. Perfumers on the team used their professionally trained noses to identify specific embalming substances in the mouth used to hide nasty odors.
The French researchers also created a digital facial reconstruction and ran computer tomography scans which showed the skull was consistent with all known portraits of Henry IV and the plaster mold made of his face just after his death.
Frank Ruehli, of the University of Zurich and the Swiss Mummy project said the research was credible but that it would been more persuasive if the French scientists had found DNA evidence.
"They've narrowed it down considerably and it probably is Henry IV," he said. "But without the final DNA proof it is hard to say absolutely who it is." Ruehli was not linked to the research.
Still, Ruehli said the French scientists did the next best thing, by matching evidence of Henry IV's facial lesion and healed wounds to historical documentation of those traits, which were likely unique to the monarch.
The discovery comes at the end of King Henry IV year in France, which marks 400 years since the monarch, also known as the "Green Gallant," was murdered.
Next year, France will hold a national Mass and funeral for Henry IV. His head will then be reburied alongside the rest of the country's former kings and queens, in the Basilica of Saint Denis.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
United Airlines will cancel more Boeing 737 Max flights
New York (CNN Business)United Airlines now plans to cancel all flights involving Boeing 737 Max planes until August — a month longer than previously announced. The airline expects to cancel roughly 2,400 flights in June and July, a large chunk of the busy summer travel season. "We won't put our customers and employees on that plane until regulators make their own independent assessment that it is safe to do so," United said in a statement. The company added that it will continue trying to automatically rebook affected customers on other flights. United said in April that it would cancel all flights through "early July" because of the Boeing 737 Max grounding. The latest extension is through August 3. The airline joins other US carriers — American and Southwest — that have canceled 737 Max flights until sometime in August. Boeing's Max planes were taken out of the skies in March after a 737 Max jet flown by Ethiopian Airlines pilots crashed in that country, killing everyone aboard. It was the second fatal crash involving a Max in recent months. A total of 346 people died in the two crashes. It's still not clear when authorities will allow the plane to fly again. Daniel Elwell, the acting administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, said this week that the agency has not committed to any timeline to recertify the Max, even though some airlines have expressed hopes the flight restriction would be lifted by August. Scrutiny remains on the FAA for its prior certification of the aircraft and its software system designed to push the nose of the airplane down if it senses an imminent stall and is believed to have played a role in both crashes. The FAA met with delegates from 33 international aviation authorities Thursday in Fort Worth, Texas, to discuss processes for reviewing the software fix Boeing has completed for the aircraft, which remains grounded worldwide. Boeing (BA) did not immediately respond to a request for comment. United (UAL) has been forced to cancel roughly 30-40 flights per day while regulators continue to investigate whether the aircraft is safe to fly. United doesn't fly any Max 8 jets, the type of plane that was involved in both of the fatal incidents. But it does have 14 Max 9s, which are a slightly longer version of the Max 8. Other US airlines have even more Max planes in their fleets. Southwest (LUV), which flies 34 Max jets, has already canceled all Max flights through August 5. American (AAL), which has 24 of the planes, said last month it would cancel about 115 daily flights through August 19.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Talk:Barmston and Fraisthorpe
Name
As far as I can see the civil parish is named Barmston not Barmston and Fraisthorpe. Can anyone provide evidence of a change of name? Skinsmoke (talk) 02:10, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
* See East Riding of Yorkshire County Council web site & title on area profile. Keith D (talk) 20:48, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Proposition 8 same-sex marriage fight headed to U.S. Supreme Court - latimes
California's legal battle over same-sex nuptials is now headed to the U.S. Supreme Court, the final chapter in four years of litigation over the constitutionality of Proposition 8's ban on gay marriage. In a brief order Tuesday, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said a majority of the court's active judges voted against reconsidering a three-judge panel's decision to overturn the voter-approved 2008 state constitutional amendment. Three dissenting 9th Circuit judges who favored review called the panel's ruling a gross misapplication of the law that roundly trumped California's democratic process. The two judges who voted to overturn the ban last February reiterated Tuesday that their decision was limited to the situation in California. Lawyers in the case expect the U.S. Supreme Court to review Proposition 8 this fall and decide its constitutionality next June. Until the Supreme Court acts, the 9th Circuit's order will be on hold and Proposition 8 will remain in effect. The end is now in sight, said Chad Griffin, who started an organization that is financing the legal battle against Proposition 8. We are not at the end of the line yet, but we are vastly closer, said Theodore B. Olson, one of the lawyers for two same-sex couples who challenged Proposition 8 in federal court The case is heading to the high court at the same time as another landmark gay-rights ruling. The 1st Circuit Court of Appeals last week overturned the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, ruling that the federal ban on recognizing same-sex marriages violated the U.S. Constitution. The dissents in Tuesday's 9th Circuit decision showed that courts remain divided on the issue. Judge Diarmuid O'Scannlain, joined by two other jurists, wrote that even President Obama favored letting states decide in a respectful way whether to permit gays to marry. Today our court has silenced any such respectful conversation, wrote O'Scannlain, who was appointed by President Reagan. O'Scannlain complained that the 9th Circuit's refusal to review the case endorsed a view that animus must have been the only conceivable motivation for a sovereign state to have remained committed to a definition of marriage that has existed for millennia. Even worse, O'Scannlain continued, we have overruled the will of 7 million California Proposition 8 voters. He was joined by Judges Jay S. Bybee and Carlos T. Bea, both appointees of President George W. Bush. Judges Stephen Reinhardt and Michael Daly Hawkins, who voted in February to overturn Proposition 8, responded in a concurring opinion that their ruling applied the law to the facts in California, where voters reinstated a marriage ban six months after the California Supreme Court gave gays the right to wed. The panel's decision was based on a 1996 Supreme Court precedent that said a majority may not take away a minority's rights without legitimate reasons. We held only that under the particular circumstances relating to California's Proposition 8, that measure was invalid, wrote Reinhardt, who was appointed by President Carter, and Hawkins, a Clinton appointee. We did not resolve the fundamental question that both sides asked us to: whether the Constitution prohibits the states from banning same-sex marriage. Whether the case will remain so narrow depends on the U.S. Supreme Court. Lawyers fighting Proposition 8 will oppose high court review, lest they lose even their narrow victory. They nevertheless expect the court to take the case and plan to argue that all marriage bans violate the constitutional rights to fairness under the law and freedom from discrimination. The Supreme Court has a conservative majority, but Justice Anthony Kennedy occasionally departs from it and joins the more liberal justices. Kennedy has written key gay rights rulings and may be the deciding vote in the marriage debate. The question of same-sex marriage is reaching the high court at a time when public support appears to be rising. In the three years since the federal suit was filed, a law that banned openly gay men and lesbians from serving in the military has been repealed, more states have permitted same-sex marriage and Obama announced that he believes gays should be entitled to wed. Polls have shown growing support for marriage rights, though some surveys still show a plurality of respondents opposing gay marriage. The Supreme Court has been reluctant to get ahead of public opinion, and more than half the states now bar gay marriage. But when the high court struck down a ban on interracial marriage in 1967, polls showed a majority of Americans still opposed mixed-race matrimony. maura.dolan@latimes.com
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Kincardine Castle
Kincardine Castle may refer to:
* Kincardine Castle (Royal Deeside), a Victorian country house near Aboyne in Kincardineshire
* Old Kincardine Castle, Auchterarder, a ruined 13th-century keep in Perth and Kinross, dismantled in 1645
* Kincardine Castle, Auchterarder, a 19th-century manor housein Perth and Kinross
* Kincardine Castle, Mearns, a ruined site east of Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, where the now abandoned county town of Kincardine stood
|
WIKI
|
Back Pain – Herniated Disk
Herniated Disks in Chinese Medicine
A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions or (disks) between the individual bones or (vertebrae) that stack up to make your spine. When a disk slips it can press against the nerves causing shooting pain that travels outwards to the extremities. In Chinese Medicine this is a structural problem that leads to swelling inflammation, and pain. It can occur from an acute event or as a result of weak muscles, bones, and kidney reserves.
Because this is an acute structural issue you need to first see your MD or chiropractor to get a proper diagnosis and see if manual manipulation or surgery is necessary Once you have done that, Chinese herbs to help speed up the recovery process. When looking for a modern formula to activate blood circulation, reduce swelling and inflammation, strengthen soft tissue and relieve pain look for one containing one ore more of the following herbs:
Best Chinese Herbs for Herniated Disks
Dang Shen – Helps to tonify blood and activate blood circulation
Chuan Xiong – Dispel blood stasis and relieve pain
Ru Xiang – promotes the healing of wounds and relieve pain by invigorating blood circulation
Du Zhong – acts as is a channel-guiding herb to direct the functions of the formula to the back and strengthens soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. As well as tonifies the Kidneys which in Chinese medicine is considered to dominate the marrow their fore directly benefiting the bones and disks.
Formulas Containing Chinese Herbs for Herniated Disks
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
On February 15th, fifth graders celebrated the completion of their endangered species picture books.
Two fifth graders, Thomas Dion and Cole LaClaire, wrote a book about making these books, using an ipad app called ScribblePress. Click on the link below to check out their work:
By Rebecca Karlin and Veronica Lashway
Last month our class dissected owl pellets and assembled the skeletons we found inside back together. Owl pellets are the parts of the owl’s meal, such as the bones and fur, that the owl couldn’t digest. So the owl will throw those parts up as a ball, called a pellet.
To dissect the pellets, we first separated the bones from the fur. The bones were very delicate, so it was very hard not to break them. After separating the bones from the fur, we laid out the bones on a bone identification sheet. We took the animal’s skull and used it to identify them. Our class found a lot of rodents. Next, we took a black piece of paper and glued our animal skeletons to it. If we didn’t have enough bones, we got them from the “bone yard” (the place were we put our extra bones.) We had extra bones because sometimes there was more than one skeleton inside a pellet.
We learned a lot about the owl’s prey and the owl’s digestive system from this project. You can see our skeletons in the hall outside our classroom.
By Miles Gillett and Jack Nagy
On January 9, 2013, Micky Novak visited our class to talk to us about the illegal trade of endangered animals. We learned that there are many reasons endangered animals are being traded illegally. Here are just a few. Micky said that in ancient cultures it was believed that Bengal tiger and bear gall bladders could make you healthy, even though they have no medicinal value. He also said that most people who had endangered species products had no idea they were endangered species. He said that most people were either carrying or wearing these items in airports.
On Micky’s visit, he was not short on confiscated products made from endangered animals. One of the most memorable things he brought was an 18-foot python that was bought to be hung in a apartment in New York. He also brought in a zebra pelt, a small statue made from ivory, a walrus tusk, an alligator purse, and many other items. As you can see Micky’s visit had many interesting objects and was packed with information.
We learned that we should be aware of the things around us in case they are made from endangered species. Micky said that it is illegal to own endangered species products without a permit. These things stuck out to us because we think it is important to be aware of what is around you.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Monday, November 11, 2013
Why MP3s may not play on Windows Phone
What follows is the result of at least 4 man-days worth of effort involving at least 6 different people. It ended with a solution that had people in disbelief at the simplicity of the workaround and the probable cause.
For the most part playing music from within an app is simple and there are lots of ways to do it: background audio; MediaElement; or launcher.
Sometimes things go wrong though and last week was one such time. I was asked to look at a bug in a new app that plays music. The bug was that for some tracks there is an obscure error when playing from isolated storage. If the file is copied to the PC from isolated storage then it plays fine though.
MessageBox: Sorry, we can't play this file on your phone
In the exception, with it's entirely external call stack, we could see a HRESULT of 0xC00D36C4 or a message of -1072875836. Neither of which are particularly helpful.
Even the internet couldn't give us much help. All we could find was a constant name of MF_MEDIA_ENGINE_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED for the hex value but that was in a streaming video context. This didn't really help at all.
Beyond that we found records of bugs relating to playing some audio files on Windows Phones but these had all been closed and marked as "no repro".
I looked at files sizes when the tracks were downloaded on the phone and on a PC and everything looked the same.
After much experimentation I realised there was a step in our reproduction process that hadn't been fully explored.
When files are saved on the phone they were given name based on their identifier. This meant that in IsolatedStorage they looked like: "/tracks/tr123456".
When copied to the PC we were renaming the file to include an extension (of ".mp3") so we could double click them to try and start playback.
Starting to approach the limit of possibilities, I wondered what would happen if we tried to play the file with the ".mp3" extension on the phone. Low and behold the track started playing on the phone without issue.
So, the fix?
Just make sure that the files all had a ".mp3" extension on them and they all played fine. Yes, really that simple.
Why does this solution work?
Here's what I think is happening:
Without a file extension to tell the internal media stack what format the file is it guesses, probably based on looking at part of the files contents. In the instances where the file will not play correctly it is probably assuming that it is not a regular MP3 file, even though it is, and so tries to play it assuming a different format.
I must admit that my knowledge of the internals of the MP3 format is non-existent and my knowledge of the internals of the media playback stack is even smaller but this seems to be the most likely theory.
What can we learn from this?
Always include a file extension on your files. Not only does it make it easier/clearer for people to see what type they are, it also help the OS know how to read/play/process them.
0 comments:
Post a comment
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Gurdwara Baba Gurditta
Gurudwara Baba Gurditta Ji is a Sikh temple (gurdwara) in the village of Chandpur Rurki of Nawanshahr District in Indian Punjab. The gurudwara is situated at the entrance of the village and about 1.5 km from Garhshankar-Anandpur Sahib link highway. It was built in memory of Baba Gurditta and Baba Kesra Singh Ji.
Famous visitors
Gurudwara Baba Gurditta Ji is a historical and holy place for Sikhism. Baba Gurditta Ji visited
with two associates. They stayed one night along with their horse. This Gurudwara has two Samadhis for two associates, held in main Gurudwara Sahib Ji. Herein Baba Ji traveled on horseback along with two associates, and took rest here. The chain with which they tied their horse is still visible in Gurudwara Sahib.
Events and celebrations
All events, functions and ceremonies that take place at the Gurudwara have always been started with remembrances to Baba Gurditta Ji. A phrase frequently used there is "Dhan-Dhan Baba Gurditta ji, Deen Dunia Da Tika Ji, Jo Var Mangya, So Var Dita Ji". Another Gurudwara where Baba Gurditta is celebrated is at Kiratpur Sahib.
Two annual events are associated with this Gurudwara.
Nishan Sahib
The Nishan Sahib ritual flag is celebrated on the occasion of Sankranti in August. During this event, a new Nishan Sahib is made, lasts for at least two to three days and is begun with Bhog observances centred on Akhand Path recital. Residents of this village engage in Sewa at this time. After Nishan Sahib, a holy kirtan is performed and all the worshippers (sangat) follow, singing the holy shabds.
Birthday of Baba Gurditta Ji
The second celebration is for the birthday of Baba Gurditta Ji. This function is celebrated on 24 November. During the celebration the Bhog ceremony is made, after which the holy dish 'Karah Parshad' is served to all attendees inside Gurudwara Hall as well as among outside Sewadars. A kirtan is then performed, shabads are sung and donations are given.
After noon, special food, Guru's Langar, is ready to serve. This langar is distributed among the people. An announcement is made to all villagers and visitors to take the holy food. The previous day, a large nagar kirtan procession visits nearby villages and finishes at Gurudwara Sahib Ji.
GURUDAWARA BABA GURDITTA JI AT VILL: CHANDPUR RURKI
‘Bhadon’ is an auspicious month of the year, & ‘Bhadon Sangrand’ is celebrated with a lot of fervour in the village of Chandpur Rurki in District Nawanshahar, Punjab. Not only the residents of the village but ‘sangat’ from all surrounding area throng the Gurudwara Sahib on ‘sangrand’ to pay obeisance at the sacred place. It is believed that during the life span of Baba Gurditta ji, he spent many years here & culminated his ‘tapasaya’ on the auspicious day of ‘bhadon sangrand’. The ‘sangat’ has built a huge gurudwara at the site & each ‘sangrand’ is celebrated with lot of reverence. It is believed that Baba Mangal Singh, who was a devout Sikh belonging to Chak 116, Sahiwal district (now Pakistan) took upon himself the ‘sewa’ to build the gurudwara at the current site in the year 1843-45. He belonged to a well to do agricultural family famously known as ‘Oonthwalas’. (Atwals used to husband camels and hence came to be known as oonthwalas). Baba Mangal Singh served in the Khalsa Durbar army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and after the first Anglo- Sikh war, it seems that on the ‘hukaknama of the ‘Akal Purakh’ he headed to the village of Chandpur Rurki with the purpose to build Gurudwara Baba Gurditta ji. His grandson Sardar Sant Singh, who became a senior government officer, further upgraded the premises. Baba Mangal Singh and his decedents were the first Sikhs to settle in the village, which is located in the Kandi area of Shivalik foothills. Though his descendants have moved to cities in India and overseas, as and when possible they make it a point to visit their ancestral village and the Gurudwara. They have been big donors in the gurudwara sewa, donated land to the village school and also built a community centre in the village. The gurudwara is managed by Sehajdhari Sikhs & during the ‘sangrand’ festivity every household, all men, women & children of the village work with utmost faith in preparing ‘langar’ and manage thousands of devotes. Free medical check-up camps for the sangat are also arranged on the auspicious day.
|
WIKI
|
Our long-term goal is to develop novel targeted therapy strategies to treat advanced ovarian cancer. In our previous studies of E1A gene therapy for ovarian and breast cancer, we identified PEA15 as being responsible for the antiproliferative effects of E1A on cancer cells. Our subsequent explorations of the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon led us to the central hypothesis of this proposal: that PEA15 has a critical role in ovarian cancer tumorigenicity and treatment response. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is as follows. First, PEA15 is known to sequester ERK in the cytoplasm, and ERK is known to be involved in cell cycling and enhanced survival of cancer cells. Second, cells in which PEA15 is not phosphorylated at serine 116 undergo apoptosis via tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, a major apoptosis pathway. Third, overexpression of PEA15 suppresses viability of ovarian cancer cells. Fourth, patients with ovarian cancers that overexpress PEA15 survive longer than those with low-PEA15-expressing tumors. Collectively, these findings implicate PEA15 as a key molecule in ovarian cancer via its ability to block ERK and enhance TNF signaling, and thus could be exploited as a dual-pathway therapeutic gene for patients with ovarian cancer. Our first major goal in this proposal is to delineate the mechanistic and functional significance of PEA15 in ovarian cancer cells. The second major goal is to develop PEA15 as a targeted molecule. To address these two goals, we have developed a comprehensive plan comprising three specific aims: (1) Determine the role of PEA15 in ovarian cancer tumorigenicity;(2) Determine the effects of PEA15 on the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell to chemotherapy;and (3) Establish how PEA15 modulates erlotinib sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. This proposal is innovative because PEA15 is thought to target both ERK and TNF signaling pathways, which have been implicated in cancer aggressiveness, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of sensitivity to chemotherapy and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The proposed research is highly relevant to improving outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer because understanding the biology of cancer will lead to the discovery of novel targets to be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate purpose of this project is to build a foundation upon which to design a clinical trial, based on basic research, of PEA15 as a novel target. The proposed research is highly relevant to improving outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer because understanding the biology of cancer will lead to the discovery of novel targets (PEA15 or molecules related to PEA-15) to be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA127562-05
Application #
8146139
Study Section
Developmental Therapeutics Study Section (DT)
Program Officer
Arya, Suresh
Project Start
2007-09-26
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2013-07-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$283,822
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
800772139
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Xie, Xinhua; Tang, Hailin; Pengliu et al. (2015) Development of PEA-15 using a potent non-viral vector for therapeutic application in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 356:374-381
Bartholomeusz, Chandra; Xie, Xuemei; Pitner, Mary Kathryn et al. (2015) MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY-142886) Prevents Lung Metastasis in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Cancer Ther 14:2773-81
Xie, Xuemei; Bartholomeusz, Chandra; Ahmed, Ahmed A et al. (2013) Bisphosphorylated PEA-15 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel by impairing the microtubule-destabilizing effect of SCLIP. Mol Cancer Ther 12:1099-111
Bartholomeusz, Chandra; Oishi, Tetsuro; Saso, Hitomi et al. (2012) MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibits growth of ovarian clear cell carcinoma in a PEA-15-dependent manner in a mouse xenograft model. Mol Cancer Ther 11:360-9
Itamochi, Hiroaki; Yoshida, Tomokazu; Walker, Cheryl Lyn et al. (2011) Novel mechanism of reduced proliferation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells: cytoplasmic sequestration of CDK2 by p27. Gynecol Oncol 122:641-7
Bartholomeusz, Chandra; Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana M; Kazansky, Anna et al. (2010) PEA-15 inhibits tumorigenesis in an MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model through increased cytoplasmic localization of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Clin Cancer Res 16:1802-11
Bartholomeusz, Chandra; Rosen, Daniel; Wei, Caimiao et al. (2008) PEA-15 induces autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells and is associated with prolonged overall survival. Cancer Res 68:9302-10
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Health care costs: the debate we ought to be having
Americans worry a lot about how to get and pay for good health care, but the 2020 presidential candidates are barely talking about what's at the root of these problems: Almost every incentive in the U.S. health care system is broken. Why it matters: President Trump and most of the Democratic field are minimizing the hard conversations with voters about why health care eats up so much of each paycheck and what it would really take to change things. Instead, the public debate focuses on ideas like how best to cover the uninsured and the relative virtue of health care “choice.” The U.S. spent $3.6 trillion on health care last year, and almost every part of the system is pushing its costs up, not down. Hospitals collect the biggest piece of the health care pie, at about $1 trillion per year. Their incentive is to fill beds — to send as many bills as possible, for as much as possible. Big hospital systems are buying up smaller ones, as well as physician practices, to reduce competition and charge higher prices. And hospitals have resisted efforts to shift toward a system that pays for quality, rather than volume. Drug companies, meanwhile, are the most profitable part of the health care industry. Small biotech companies usually shoulder the risk of developing new drugs. Big Pharma companies then buy those products, market them aggressively and develop a fortress of patents to keep competition at bay as long as possible. The money bonanza is enticing some nontraditional players into the health care world. Private equity has developed a voracious appetite for health care providers — mainly emergency rooms, ambulances and other areas where, if you need them, you’re in no position to shop for a better deal. You’ll pay whatever they charge, or else they’ll sue you. Tech companies are also edging into health care — not to disrupt the industry, but to get in on the $3.6 trillion action. Insurers do want to keep costs down — but many of their methods are deeply unpopular. Making us pay more out of pocket and putting tighter restrictions on which doctors we can see create real and immediate headaches for patients. That makes insurers the most convenient punching bag for politicians. The frustrating reality: Democrats’ plans are engaging in the debate about possible solutions more than the candidates themselves. It’s a tacit acknowledgment of two realities: That controlling the cost of care is imperative, and that talking about taking money away from doctors and hospitals is a big political risk. What they’re saying: The top 2020 Democrats have actually released “insanely aggressive” cost control ideas, says Larry Levitt, executive vice president at the Kaiser Family Foundation. "But they don’t talk about that a lot.” Medicare for All, the plan endorsed by Sens. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, would sharply reduce spending on doctors and hospitals by eliminating private insurance and paying rates closer to Medicare's. Estimates range from about $380 billion to nearly $600 billion in savings each year. Joe Biden and Pete Buttigieg have proposed an optional Medicare-like insurance plan, which anyone could buy into. It would pay providers less than private insurance, with the hopes of putting competitive pressure on private plans' rates. The savings there would be smaller than Medicare for All's, but those plans are still significantly more ambitious than the Affordable Care Act or most of the proposals that came before it. Yes, but: The health care industry has blanketed Iowa with ads, and is prepared to spend millions more, to defend the very profitable status quo. The argument is simple: Reframe the big-picture debate about costs as a threat to your doctor or your hospital. It's an easy playbook that both parties, and the industry, know well. And it usually works. The bottom line: “Voters want their health care costs reduced, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily support what it would take to make that happen,” Levitt said. Go deeper: Read the other stories in Axios' "What Matters 2020" series
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Disappearances of William Maughan and Anna Varslavane
William Maughan and Anna Varslavane are a couple who disappeared on 14 April 2015 from the Gormanstown area of County Meath.
Background
William "Willie" Maughan was originally from Tallaght. He was 5 ft tall, with a shaven head and green eyes. He was 34.
Anastasija "Anna" Varslavane was originally from Latvia but had lived in Ireland for several years. She was 5 ft tall, of slim build and had dark hair. She was 21. She was pregnant at the time of her disappearance.
Disappearance
They had been living together in Gormanston, County Meath, and were on their way to meet William's mother to get a lift to Tallaght.
On 14 April 2015 Anna rang William's mother at 2:57pm. One of her sons answered and he could hear Anna calling for help.
Ten minutes later the Maughan family arrived at the agreed pickup point but neither William or Anna were there.
Investigation
Gardaí suspect the couple were murdered on orders from a figure who has since become involved in the Drogheda feud. They suspect that he was behind the fatal shooting of Benny Whitehouse in Balbriggan in 2014 and that the couple were killed because the gang feared that they would provide information to the Gardaí about the shooting of Whitehouse.
William's parents Joseph and Helen have made appeals about the disappearance of their son and his girlfriend. Joseph Maughan believes that his son was targeted because he knew too much about a murder that happened in 2014.
In August 2016 the grave of William's younger brother Michael "Bobby" Maughan was dug up in what the family believe was an attempt at intimidation by the gang responsible for the disappearance. The vandalism happened in the early hours of the morning the day after Joseph Maughan appealed for information on the disappearance of William. Three men entered Bohernabreena Cemetery after 2am and started digging up the grave, though Michael's remains were not removed from it. Michael Maughan died as a result of meningitis.
In 2017 Gardaí examined a site in County Louth as one line of investigation.
On 28 April 2020 a man in his 50s was arrested and held at Ashbourne Garda station. He could be questioned for up to seven days. It is the first arrest in the investigation.
On 8 July 2020 three men, in their twenties, fifties and sixties and a woman in her forties were arrested and held in Garda stations in Meath and Dublin in relation to the case. Searches that took place at a location in Meath were completed on the same date. On 10 July 2020 they were released. Gardaí will prepare files for the Director of Public Prosecutions, who will decide on whether to prosecute.
Gardaí believe gangland figure Cornelius Price may have ordered the deaths of William, Anna, and their unborn child. Price died in Wales in 2023.
|
WIKI
|
Skip to main content
Dryad logo
Data from: Why do general practitioners prescribe antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections to meet patient expectations: a mixed methods study
Citation
Fletcher-Lartey, Stephanie; Yee, Melissa; Gaarslev, Christina; Khan, Rabia (2016), Data from: Why do general practitioners prescribe antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections to meet patient expectations: a mixed methods study, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gt76v
Abstract
Objectives To describe the role patient expectations play in general practitioners (GPs) antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections. Methods Concurrent explanatory mixed methods approach using a cross sectional survey and semi structured interviews Settings Primary care general practitioners in Australia Participants 584 general practitioners (response rate of 23.6%) completed the cross sectional survey. 32 general practitioners were interviewed individually. Outcome measure: Prescribing of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection Results More than half of the GPs in Australia self-reported that they would prescribe antibiotics for an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) to meet patient expectations. Our qualitative findings suggest that ‘patient expectations’ may be the main reason given for inappropriate prescribing but it is an all-encompassing phrase that includes other reasons. These include limited time, poor doctor-patient communication, and diagnostic uncertainty. We have identified three role archetypes to explain the behaviour of GPs in reference to antibiotic prescribing for URTIs. The main themes emerging from the qualitative component was that many GPs did not think that antibiotic prescribing in primary care was responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance nor that their individual prescribing would make any difference in light of other bigger issues like hospital prescribing or veterinary use. For them, there were negligible negative consequences from their inappropriate prescribing. Conclusions There is a need to increase awareness of the scope and magnitude of antibiotic resistance and the role primary care prescribing plays, and of the contribution of individual prescribing decisions to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Usage Notes
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Montferrand (crusader castle)
Montferrand was a fortress in the County of Tripoli (at the present-day village of Baarin in Syria), built in 1126.
History
The construction of Montferrand started when the united crusader troops from Jerusalem, Tripoli and Antioch laid siege to Rafaniya on 13 March 1126. Originally, it was destined to complete the blockade of Rafaniya and to secure the protection of the besiegers. Rafaniya fell to the crusaders on 31 March.
Count Raymond II of Tripoli granted his claims to Montferrand and Rafaniya to the Knights Hospitallers in 1142 to persuade them to make efforts to recapture it. In 1238/9, the Ayyubid emir of Hama, Al-Muzaffar Mahmud, decided to raze the citadel to the ground.
|
WIKI
|
Designed to operate if The Indian Sub-Continental Coastal waters ( and seen as far as South Africa, later) - The Gallivat Class of ships were small to medium fast attack ships indicative of many Regional Pirates and Privateers. Designed to use both sail and oar, they were typically between 20 and 40 feet long and featured twin Masts (rigged with a Lateen sail configuration). Normally between 50 and 100 tons displaced, The Gallivat could mount between 3 to 10 cannon (mostly Swivels). A scourge of The British East India Trading Company, these vessels were able to strike fast and escape just as easily. They could switch to a crew operated oaring system in case of lack of wind. They also preyed on the Slave Trade off Africa. Popular in the 18th thru 19th Century, Gallivat were obvious prey for the larger Warships eventually used to rid the Seas of them.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Friday, July 1, 2016
Middle-aged Diabetic with Syncope, Diaphoresis, Nausea, and Dizziness
This middle-aged male with history of 3 previous stents, 2 in the RCA, had Syncope, Diaphoresis, Nausea, and Dizziness.
He called 911 and the medics recorded an ECG that looks just like his first ED ECG:
There is inferior ST elevation and reciprocal ST depression in I and aVL, with reciprocal T-wave inversion in I and aVL.
This ECG was texted to me (while out on a beautiful point on an island!) with the question: "Would you activate the cath lab?"
I responded: "Yes or at least get stat echo. It is 90% certain to be occlusion."
Outcome: The coronaries were clean. The troponins were negative. The subsequent ECGs did not evolve (this latter is the best evidence that there was no MI, as transient ACS can have all of the following negative: Cath, troponins, and Echo).
It turns out that the patient had a similar false positive activation 1/2 year ago because this is his baseline ECG.
He must carry a copy with him wherever he goes!!
Sometimes you just have to have a false positive. You must activate anyway. You cannot let an ECG like this go without action unless you know it is the baseline.
If there is any doubt, it would be reasonable to find an old EKG and/or to get an emergent echo.
Pretest probability: This also points out (again) that when patients do not have chest pain, especially if they do not at least have dyspnea, the probability that their ECG represents a STEMI decreases considerably.
14 comments:
1. Dr. Smith
At my institution, a cardiology performed TTE takes at least 30 mins to an hour. Is this a reasonable time to wait if you have an equivocal case?
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Daniel,
When it is not clearly a STEMI, you are not bound to the usual limits on door to balloon time, so that is really ok.
Steve
Delete
2. Hello Dr. Smith, great event as usual. I thank you for the opportunity you give me to improve my knowledge.
I agree with what you say consider this STEMI until proven guilty
How can we explain the ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads?
Early repolarization "aspect smile" ST segment? usually in cases of early repolarization in inferior leads we also have ST elevation in V5 V6.
But especially in the depression on aVL directs us to consider this an inferior STEMI.
We also see a ST depression in aVR and this is with the direction of the vector ST. Thank you .
Greetings from Italy. Vittorio
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Vittorio,
Always good to hear from you.
I do not have a good explanation for this ECG.
There are anomalies in everything, right?
Steve
Delete
3. Interesting
So what may cause such changes ?
The STE is the same amplitude as R in inferior leads with reciprocal changes this points there is injury current isn't it ?
Thanks ..
ReplyDelete
4. Replies
1. ???? Sorry I'm too dumb to understand the joke!
Steve
Delete
5. NICE case. This is a “false positive” that I do NOT feel bad about — since if all one has is this ECG in a patient of a certain age who has a history of coronary disease — one has to assume there is an acute RCA occlusion in progress. One of course “has to be there” for optimal decision-making … — and given this patient’s prior history of 3 prior stents (2 in the RCA distribution) — if the history was not truly suggestive of a new acute cardiac event — one might spend the no more than a few minutes needed to access a prior tracing for comparison … As per Dr. Smith — this should no longer be a problem in the future once this patient is given a wallet-sized copy of his “baseline” ECG to from this-time-forth carry with him on his person.
From a pure ECG point of view — IF the history was new-onset worrisome chest pain — I’d be suspicious of acute proximal RCA occlusion with RV involvement — because despite the artifact, it looks like there is slight-but-real coving of the ST segment with positive T wave in lead V1. Given how hyperacute the inferior ST-T waves appear to be, I would expect anterior ST depression UNLESS this was being attenuated by ST elevation due to associated RV infarction.
That said, I’d want to verify lead placement — given a bit more negative P component in V1,V2 with somewhat unusual QRS morphology in lead V1 (that typically shows a more negative S wave). Of course, given what we subsequently found out about this patient — we can explain the limb leads as this patient’s “baseline” — with the R > S in V1 with positive T waves in anterior leads due to residual change from prior posterior involvement … Just goes to show how important the History and prior tracings may be in certain cases — as well as how important it is to “put all pieces of the puzzle together” in clinical decision-making. THANKS for presenting this insightful case!
ReplyDelete
6. Great case for my students!
Thanks,
Jon Woodson
ReplyDelete
7. Interesting, I would probably have done the same, and then come back to the ECG. At J point, in II, compared to TP, J point is close to TP line, but about 1 mm when compared to PR. In III, you have a true 1 mm. In AVF, I would call for a 0.5 mm elevation compared to TP, a bit more when you compare to PR. And of course, some (mild) mirroring in AVL. So, when you look carefully, you don't have AHA 2013 criteria for diagnosis of MI... although it looks quite as MI starting. So I guess the right call would be STAT echo if you can, closely repeated ECG and trops.... and see, instead of activating. That's even more important with the"hard" decision, which would be to go for lysis if you're not close to a PTCA center.
This bring on the interesting question about what's the baseline for evaluation of J / ST elevation? I teach always the TP as the good landmark for ST elevation, exactly because such ECGs.
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Alain,
ST elevation criteria are really simply inferior to subjective interpretation.
Check out Massel D. Am Heart J 2000;140:221-216.
Thus, the means of measurement are not that important.
I have showed also how no lytic trial ever specified method of measurement in STEMI. We don't even know what is the best enrollment criteria for such trials: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1197/j.aem.2005.10.019/pdf
Steve
Delete
8. This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete
Recommended Resources
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Page:The Plutocrat (1927).pdf/319
beyond his window, bugles and drums grew louder, and men and horses began to pass a corner beyond the open square. They were but vaguely illuminated by a single street lamp, and he could see little except soldierly outlines, twinklings of metal and moving sleeknesses of light upon the horses; nothing was definite in the darkness except the clean rattle of the drums and the brazen clarity of the bugles. Then abruptly these fell silent and another music set the pace—the African oboes and tom-toms of an Arab cavalry troop following the French to barracks. The tom-toms, beating with their ominous monotony, were like a pulsation in this Arab earth, Ogle thought—a barbaric heartbeat he might have heard in that earth every moment since he had set foot in Algeria, if he had listened; and over the tom-toms the oboe pipings rose and drooped in strange quarter-tones, singing uncivilized messages in the united voices of new-born babies and old cats wailing out of Egypt.
Morose as he was, the young American on the dark balcony found himself fascinated by that wail and by the throbbing of the tom-toms. He could bear a little more of this Africa, he thought, even though he must see it in the society of a lady who was betraying him.
|
WIKI
|
Domains, Database Management System
Every simple attribute of an entity type have a possible set of values that can be attached to it. This is known as the domain of an attribute. An attribute cannot have a value outside this domain.
EXAMPLE- for PERSON entity PERSON_ID has a specific domain, integer values say from 1 to 100.
Posted Date: 3/6/2013 6:02:04 AM | Location : United States
Related Discussions:- Domains, Assignment Help, Ask Question on Domains, Get Answer, Expert's Help, Domains Discussions
Write discussion on Domains
Your posts are moderated
Related Questions
By which techniquesTransaction processing is associated? Transaction processing is associated by producing detail, summary, or exception reports and recording a business activi
Describe Graphical User Interface? Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) - A GUI typically displays a schema to the user in diagrammatic form. The user can then specify a query th
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
Define cardinality and participation constraints on a relationship type, completeness constraint on generalization. Ans: Cardinality defines the number of entities to wh
The cross-section of twisted pair The cross-section of each and every strand of the twisted pair is π/4 square mm. A 10-km length of this type of material, with two strands per
Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
Explain the rules for creating a labelled precedence graph for testing view serializability. Ans: A schedule S is view serializable if it is view equivalent to a ser
#floating point representation is used to store
Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema? Explain why it is reported to be better than the traditional schema model?
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Tabanus bovinus
Tabanus bovinus, sometimes called the pale giant horse-fly, is a species of biting horse-fly. As the scientific name suggests, it prefers bovine animals as the source of blood, although it may bite other kind of mammals as well. The insect is relatively large for a horse-fly, adults usually being 25–30 mm long. Like most other horseflies, its compound eyes are very colorful with stripe-like patterns. Its body and wings are mostly colored brownish gray. It is quite fast and an able flier, being capable of evading most attempts to swat it with ease. It bites humans infrequently, because of its preference of bovine animals. This loud-buzzing horse-fly can be a nuisance, as it circles around its target and occasionally lands to deliver a bite (in the case of humans, the fly usually takes off again instead). However, to humans it is considerably less harmful than deer flies (Chrysops), which bite much more vigorously. There are no commercially available insect repellents that fully work against this horse-fly, however it usually avoids smoke and exhaust gases. Weather has a great effect on the horse-flies' behavior, as they only fly on sunny and hot weather.
Like all horse-fly species, it is only the females that require a blood meal, this is in order to provide sufficient protein to produce eggs. Males do not bite and tend to prefer the cover of woodland, where they are territorial.
|
WIKI
|
Wikipedia talk:Wiki Ed/The University of Texas at Arlington/Human Resource Economics Fall 2021 (Fall 2021)
I am testing the Ping feature? Hopefully I did it correctly.
MikeB66 (talk) 22:25, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
-- Pamplona Capital May Make Bid for Dr Martens, Sunday Times Says
Pamplona Capital Management LLP may
make a takeover bid of as much as 200 million pounds ($314
million) for the shoe company Dr Martens, the Sunday Times
reported, without saying where it got the information. Dr Martens, which hired Rothschild to help it find a buyer,
may also get bids from Warburg Pincus LLC and Electra Partners
LLP, the newspaper said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Lindsay Fortado in London at
lfortado@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Anthony Aarons at aaarons@bloomberg.net .
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Beast Legends
Beast Legends is a science fiction television miniseries produced by a Toronto and Leeds based independent film company called Yap Films, Inc. It was first shown on the Canadian History Channel in the summer of 2010 and was later aired on the US SyFy Channel, starting on September 9, 2010 and ending on October 14, 2010. The show followed a team of creative researchers and artists who explored the globe following stories of legendary and mythological beasts. As they investigate the history behind these tales, they study the ecology and biology of similar real-life creatures that may have inspired the stories, and conclude by bringing the beasts to life with computer generated effects and animation.
Cast
* Steve Leonard – Adventurer/Veterinary Surgeon
* Francis Manapul – Comic Book Artist
* Kathryn Denning – Myth Expert/Anthropologist/Archeologist
* Scott V. Edwards – Organismic and Evolutionary Biologist
* Other
* Mike Paixao – Computer Animator
Reception
The premiere episode on the Syfy channel generated mixed reviews. Common Sense Media says "Beast Legends is an entertaining blend of science and fantasy. By grounding their research in history, zoology, and natural science, the team provides a very believable launching pad for the evolution of a legend. Not only does it make their own fictional CGI creation seem possible, it also shines a light on the ancient cultures that spawned the original myths."
DreadCentral.com says; "If the cancellation of "MonsterQuest" has left you jonesing for a new monster-hunting show, then Syfy's "Beast Legends" ... might fill the void and give you the cryptozoologists finding nothing or inconclusive evidence fix that you're still craving."
|
WIKI
|
Portal:Rock music/OnThisDay/August 20
Albums
* Black Sabbath - Tyr, 1990
Songs
* Merril Bainbridge - "Mouth" (US), 1996
|
WIKI
|
Carbondale Historical Society and Museum
The Carbondale Historical Society is a local historical society in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, United States. It operates a local history museum on the third floor of the Carbondale City Hall and Courthouse.
History
The first public meeting of the Historical Society, founded in October 1974 by a group of six Carbondale area school teachers, was held in January 1975.
The Carbondale City Hall building had been in disrepair at this time, and was being considered for demolition and replacement. However, the intrinsic value of the building seemed too great to destroy, for a group of civic-minded individuals which comprised the Committee to Restore Carbondale City Hall. The Committee and the Society were effectively facing the same issues, and members of both organizations thought it best to consolidate into one entity.
On November 6, 1982, the Historical Society and the Committee to Restore Carbondale City Hall merged to form the Carbondale Historical Society and Museum, which was incorporated on March 15, 1983. The Carbondale Historical Society and Museum is an educational and historical membership organization whose mission is to record, gather, and preserve the history of the city of Carbondale and the surrounding area.
Today
Through its genealogical and local history research center and exhibition galleries on the third floor of Carbondale City hall (listed in the National Register of Historic Places on January 6, 1983, through the efforts of the Society) and through an annual series of public lectures, programs, exhibitions, and commemorative ceremonies, in the community and in the public schools, the Society, at the same time, interprets and makes accessible to the public Carbondale's history and heritage.
Museum
Among the most important accomplishments of the Historical Society was the establishment of a professionally organized and managed museum of local history and genealogy. The museum's collections are especially rich in two areas: anthracite coal mining and railroad history, especially that of the Delaware and Hudson railroad. So extensive have the railroad holdings of the Society become, that a specific section of its holdings has been designated as a Delaware and Hudson transportation museum.
Given the broad range of artifacts that relate to local history, from the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the Society has established, a Victorian parlour as the context for the exhibition of many of its holdings.
Research materials and archives
There is an extensive collection of local birth and death records, cemetery records, and church records. All of the newspapers in the holdings of the Society, from the 1820s to the present, have been microfilmed. These microfilms are available for research purposes at the Carbondale Public Library.
Local History Awards
Begun in the 2009–2010 school year, the Society's Local History Awards program has encouraged high school juniors and seniors in area schools to study and participate in the recording of history. In its first and second years, the program was instituted only in the Carbondale Area Junior/Senior High School, but future years may see its spread to other schools.
|
WIKI
|
Page:Mathematical collections and translations, in two tomes - Salusbury (1661).djvu/303
{|
* |97987
* |6166
* |587922
* |587922
* |97987
* |587922
* |24
* |247 | 6041 | 87842
* |1103
* |11
* }
* |587922
* |24
* |247 | 6041 | 87842
* |1103
* |11
* }
* |1103
* |11
* }
* }
And bringing back the Parallax 0 gr. 8 m. 30 sec. to 7 gr. 7 m. whose sine is 204, the star elevateth to 30 semidiameters or thereabouts; therefore the correction of 0 gr. 1 mi. 30 sec. doth not suffice.
Now let us see what correction is requisite for the third working made upon the observations of Hainzelius and Tycho, which rendereth the star about 19 semidiameters high, with the Parallax of 10 m. pri. The usual angles and their sines, and chord found by the Authour, are these next following; and they remove the star (as also in the Authours working) 19 semidiameters from the centre of the Earth. It is necessary therefore for the raising of it, to diminish the Parallax according to the Rule which he likewise observeth in the ninth working. Let us therefore suppose the Parallax to be 6 m. prim. whose sine is 175, and the division being made, there is found likewise lesse than 31 semidiameters for the stars distance. And therefore the correction of 4 min. prim. is too little to serve the Authours purpose.
|
WIKI
|
PRESS DIGEST -Wall Street Journal - Oct 10
Oct 10 (Reuters) - The following are the top stories in the Wall Street Journal. Reuters has not verified these stories and does not vouch for their accuracy. - The White House has signed off on special licenses for some U.S. companies to do some business with Chinese telecom giant Huawei Technologies Co Ltd. on.wsj.com/33hxtuP - Apple Inc removed from its app store an app that citizens and protesters in Hong Kong used to track police activity, following criticism in Chinese state media of the tech giant's decision just days earlier to approve the app, called HKmap.live. on.wsj.com/2IxG2d9 - The judge presiding over PG&E Corp's bankruptcy handed shareholders a loss, stripping PG&E of the sole right to propose a chapter 11 plan covering billions of dollars of damages from blazes linked to PG&E equipment. on.wsj.com/2ID6t1c - National Basketball Association's spokeswoman said she had no information about the status of Thursday's planned game in Shanghai between the Brooklyn Nets and Los Angeles Lakers, which local broadcasters and sponsors have already pulled out of while a player meet-and-greet was canceled along with team media briefings in Shanghai. on.wsj.com/2VtmhZr Compiled by Bengaluru newsroom
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Talk:1940 Missouri gubernatorial election
The election
This election is "a bit more" complicated than this, with the Assembly holding up the vote count and a law suit that meant Donnell was not inaugurated until late February. When I've time I may fill in some gaps but if anyone would like to do previously, go ahead. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:58, 30 January 2018 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
List of heritage places in the Shire of Woodanilling
The State Register of Heritage Places is maintained by the Heritage Council of Western Australia. , 224 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Woodanilling, of which one is on the State Register of Heritage Places, the Carrolup Aboriginal Cemetery in Marribank. The cemetery is part of the also state heritage listed Carrolup Native Settlement, which was state heritage listed on 22 May 2007 but is predominantly located in the neighbouring Shire of Kojonup.
State Register of Heritage Places
The Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places,, lists the following state registered place within the Shire of Woodanilling:
Shire of Woodanilling heritage-listed places
The following places are heritage listed in the Shire of Woodanilling but are not State registered:
|
WIKI
|
The State ex rel. Shaughnessy v. The City of Cleveland et al.
2016-Ohio-8447.]
(No. 2015-0360
Submitted August 30, 2016
Decided December 29, 2016.)
Per Curiam.
{¶ 1} Relator, Matthew Shaughnessy, filed this original action in mandamus alleging that respondents, the city of Cleveland and its public-records administrator, Kim Roberson (collectively, “Cleveland”), violated R.C. 149.43, Ohio’s Public Records Act, by failing to produce within eight business days the police incident reports that Shaughnessy requested. We deny Shaughnessy’s request for relief and conclude that he has not shown that Cleveland had a clear legal duty to produce, or that he had a clear legal right to receive, the records he requested within eight business days. We also deny Shaughnessy’s request for statutory damages.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶ 2} Shaughnessy is an attorney whose practice focuses on recovering economic losses for crime victims through the Ohio Crime Victims Fund. He requests and reviews police incident reports and then sends information about the fund to individuals named in those reports who may be victims of crime.
{¶ 3} Shaughnessy alleges that on five different occasions, Cleveland failed to produce copies of police incident reports in a reasonable amount of time, which he quantifies as eight business days. Cleveland produced copies of the requested records 12 to 31 business days after receipt of the initial requests. Shaughnessy submitted evidence showing that the cities of Akron, Canton, and Columbus have fulfilled his requests for police incident reports within four business days.
{¶ 4} Shaughnessy typically requested police incident reports involving felonious assaults or other assaults causing serious harm but excluding those involving domestic violence, elder abuse, or assault upon a minor. Cleveland’s evidentiary submission explained the steps involved in fulfilling his requests. Cleveland first had to search its database for reports that involved incidents of assaults or aggravated assaults and then exclude records involving the types of victims and offenses that Shaughnessy did not want. Then, to retrieve the actual reports, the records custodian typed each police-report number into Cleveland’s database to extract and print each individual report. Cleveland submitted each report to its law department for review and redaction of information that the law department deemed exempt from disclosure under the Public Records Act. The information typically redacted from reports included Social Security numbers, criminal information obtained from the National Crime Information Center and the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation, the names of juveniles, medical information, and information describing the details of sexual offenses.
{¶ 5} Shaughnessy also submitted supplemental evidence purporting to show that on three different occasions after he initiated this action, Cleveland was able to provide copies of responsive police incident reports within two to four business days after Cleveland printed each report.
{¶ 6} Shaughnessy argues that Cleveland failed to respond to his requests in a reasonable amount of time and asks this court to order Cleveland to respond to future requests within eight business days, invoking our ruling in State ex rel. Wadd v. Cleveland, 81 Ohio St.3d 50, 689 N.E.2d 25 (1998). He also requests $1,000 in statutory damages, the maximum amount authorized in R.C. 149.43(C)(2), for each count of his five-count complaint.
ANALYSIS
Mootness
{¶ 7} As an initial matter, we consider Cleveland’s argument that the case is moot because it has produced all the records at issue in the complaint. This argument is without merit: Shaughnessy challenges the timeliness of Cleveland’s response, not a refusal to provide records. This case therefore does not fall within the general rule that the production of requested records moots a public-records case. See State ex rel. Consumer News Servs., Inc. v. Worthington City Bd. of Edn., 97 Ohio St.3d 58, 2002-Ohio-5311, 776 N.E.2d 82, ¶ 31, citing Wadd at 52. We reject Cleveland’s mootness argument and proceed to the merits.
Timeliness of Cleveland’s Responses
{¶ 8} The Public Records Act states that all public records responsive to a request “shall be promptly prepared and made available for inspection,” R.C. 149.43(B)(1), and that “a public office or person responsible for public records shall transmit a copy of a public record to any person by United States mail or by any other means of delivery or transmission within a reasonable period of time after receiving the request for the copy,” R.C. 149.43(B)(7). The determination whether a public office has complied with its duty to timely provide requested records depends on “all of the pertinent facts and circumstances.” State ex rel. Morgan v. Strickland, 121 Ohio St.3d 600, 2009-Ohio-1901, 906 N.E.2d 1105, ¶ 10, citing Consumer News Servs. at ¶ 37-38. As we detail below, Shaughnessy made frequent requests and those requests required Cleveland to search for records containing specific retrieval criteria, to cull out certain records that he did not want, and then to redact protected information. When we consider Shaughnes-sy’s requests in the context of these circumstances, we conclude that Cleveland’s responses were timely with respect to the requests identified in each count of the complaint, and we deny Shaughnessy’s request for relief.
Count One
{¶ 9} Count one concerns Shaughnessy’s October 10, 2014, faxed request for police reports within a two-week period “from the first and second districts for all non domestic violence related aggravated assaults or assaults where the victims sought medical care at a hospital.”
{¶ 10} This was an improper public-records request, because it required Cleveland to do research for Shaughnessy and to identify a specific subset of records containing selected information. Cleveland had to search its database for reports that involved (1) incidents of “aggravated assaults” or “assaults,” (2) occurring within a specific geographical location, (3) with victims who sought medical care at a hospital, but (4) who were not victims of domestic violence. The Public Records Act does not compel a public office “to do research or to identify records containing selected information.” See State ex rel. Fant v. Tober, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 63737, 1993 WL 173743, *1 (Apr. 28, 1993), aff'd, 68 Ohio St.3d 117, 623 N.E.2d 1202 (1993). See also Morgan, 121 Ohio St.3d 600, 2009-Ohio-1901, 906 N.E.2d 1105, at ¶ 14-15 (request for “[a]ny and all e-mail communications * * * which reference * * * the ‘evidence-based model’ or education funding in general” was overbroad [first ellipsis sic]); State ex rel. Thomas v. Ohio State Univ., 71 Ohio St.3d 245, 246, 643 N.E.2d 126 (1994) (noting denial of writ of mandamus where request for records sought selected information “regarding or related to” any pro-animal-rights action group or individual), citing Fant.
{¶ 11} For this reason, Cleveland could have denied Shaughnessy’s request outright and asked him to revise it. See R.C. 149.43(B)(2). Instead, Cleveland searched its database for incident reports that referred to assaults or aggravated assaults and generated a list of police-report numbers. Cleveland produced that list the same day of Shaughnessy’s request. But Cleveland’s work did not end there. In order to retrieve the actual reports, the records custodian had to type each police-report number into Cleveland’s records-management system to extract and print out each individual report. Cleveland then submitted each report to the law department for review and redaction. After taking these steps, Cleveland produced copies of the incident reports on November 17, 2014, 24 business days after Shaughnessy’s request.
{¶ 12} R.C. 149.43(A)(1) excludes certain information from the definition of a public record, some of which is prohibited from public release by law. Public offices therefore often find it necessary to conduct a legal review of responsive records and to redact non-public-record information. This court has recognized that the Public Records Act envisions an opportunity for the public office to examine records prior to release in order to redact exempt materials appropriately. Morgan, 121 Ohio St.3d 600, 2009-Ohio-1901, 906 N.E.2d 1105, at ¶ 16, citing State ex rel. Warren Newspapers, Inc. v. Hutson, 70 Ohio St.3d 619, 623, 640 N.E.2d 174 (1994). And we have stated that police incident reports are subject to redactions to prevent the disclosure of exempt information. See State ex rel. Beacon Journal Publishing Co. v. Akron, 104 Ohio St.3d 399, 2004-Ohio-6557, 819 N.E.2d 1087, ¶ 55-56 (police incident reports may be redacted to eliminate personal victim information). It was therefore reasonable for Cleveland to delay disclosure a bit longer to conduct a legal review. Our analysis of the timeliness of Cleveland’s response must take into account the practical and legal restrictions that Cleveland faces.
{¶ 13} Shaughnessy’s supplemental evidence purports to show that Cleveland was able to complete its legal review and produce responsive records within two to four business days after Cleveland printed each incident report. But the possibility that Cleveland may be able to complete its legal review within a shorter time frame does not transform Shaughnessy’s improper requests into proper ones. See State ex rel. Dispatch Printing Co. v. Johnson, 106 Ohio St.3d 160, 2005-Ohio-4384, 833 N.E.2d 274, ¶ 38 (past disclosure of information does not transform a nonpublic record into a public record under the Public Records Act).
{¶ 14} Shaughnessy bases his argument that Cleveland had a legal duty to respond to his public-records requests within eight business days on Wadd, 81 Ohio St.3d 50, 689 N.E.2d 25, in which we concluded that Cleveland must provide access to accident reports within eight days after the accidents occur. Id. at 55. However, Wadd is inapposite. The relator in Wadd requested access to reports for motor-vehicle accidents occurring on one specific day. Id. at 51. Here, by contrast, Shaughnessy requested copies of reports for incidents spanning a two-week period, and he made several subsequent, similar requests, which generally resulted in 100 to 300 pages of responsive reports. In addition, Wadd involved the availability of accident reports for in-person inspection and copying by the requestor. Id. at 50-51. Here, the issue is not the records’ availability for inspection; rather, a public office had to locate, retrieve, copy, redact, and transmit copies of the responsive records. Wadd does not provide a comparable basis to impose an eight-business-day deadline on Cleveland in this case.
{¶ 15} Nor does Shaughnessy’s comparison of Cleveland’s response times to response times in other cities, without more context, justify imposing an eight-business-day deadline on Cleveland. Shaughnessy offers no evidence as to the manner in which those cities keep, organize, or retrieve incident reports or whether those cities conducted legal review and redaction.
{¶ 16} To be sure, Cleveland could have done things differently. In conformity with the Public Records Act, Cleveland’s public-records policy states that if a request is overbroad, the city may deny the request but must inform the requestor about the manner in which the city keeps and accesses its records so that the requestor can revise the request. Accord R.C. 149.43(B)(2). If it cannot immediately fulfill a request, Cleveland’s policy requires it to estimate the time necessary to do so. Cleveland’s failure to comply with its own policy does not in itself compel relief in mandamus, however. In Morgan, although the governor’s office failed to provide the requestor with an estimated response time in accordance with its policy, we determined that the office otherwise acted reasonably given the broad scope of the request and the office’s decision to review records before production. See Morgan, 121 Ohio St.3d 600, 2009-Ohio-1901, 906 N.E.2d 1105, at ¶ 12-17.
{¶ 17} Similarly, here, Cleveland’s response time of 24 business days was reasonable given the steps Cleveland took to search for responsive records by subject matter, exclude the records that Shaughnessy did not want, retrieve and print each individual police incident report, and then review and redact exempt information. In the context of these circumstances, Cleveland’s response to the request at issue in count one was timely.
Count Two
{¶ 18} Count two concerns Shaughnessy’s November 13, 2014 hand-delivered request for nine specific police incident reports listed by date, address, and offense. Cleveland produced responsive records 25 business days after Shaugh-nessy’s request. Unlike the request involved in count one, this request did not require a subject-matter search. As explained above, however, it is not the initial search but Cleveland’s subsequent retrieval and review of each document that requires more than a few days. Cleveland was also simultaneously responding to Shaughnessy’s October 10, 2014 request, which it completed on November 17, 2014. Given these circumstances, Cleveland’s response was timely.
Count Three
{¶ 19} Count three concerns Shaughnessy’s January 26, 2015, certified-mail request for every police incident report from January 8 through January 14, 2015, involving felonious assaults or assaults causing serious harm but excluding domestic violence, elder abuse by a caregiver, or assault upon a minor. Cleveland received Shaughnessy’s request on January 29, 2015, and on that same day produced a list of 19 responsive reports. Cleveland produced 68 pages of responsive records on February 17, 2015, or 12 business days after receipt of Shaughnessy’s request.
{¶ 20} Once again, Shaughnessy’s request was improper, because it asked Cleveland to search for records containing select information and excluding other information. Shaughnessy requested reports that referred to felonious assaults or assaults causing serious harm and then asked Cleveland to cull out the reports that involved domestic violence, elder abuse by a caregiver, or assault upon a minor. As in count one, Cleveland could have denied Shaughnessy’s request and asked him to revise it. But once again, Cleveland obliged him by searching for responsive records by subject matter, retrieving the search results by police-report number, excluding the records that he specified, and then reviewing and redacting exempt information before producing the reports. Given all these steps, Cleveland’s response was timely.
Counts Four and Five
{¶ 21} On February 2, 2015, Shaughnessy requested by certified mail copies of every police incident report made during a seven-day period involving felonious assault or assaults causing serious harm, but excluding domestic violence, elder abuse by a caregiver, or assault upon a minor. On February 6, 2015, he sent an identical request for reports made during a different seven-day period. In response to the February 2 request, Cleveland produced 136 pages of records on March 24, 2015, 31 business days after Cleveland’s receipt of the request on February 6, 2015. In response to the February 6 request, Cleveland produced 141 pages of records on March 25, 2015, also 31 business days after receipt of the request on February 9, 2015.
{¶ 22} While 31 business days may appear to stretch the outer limits of reasonableness, we should note that, again, Shaughnessy’s requests were improper because they asked Cleveland not only to retrieve records containing selected information but also to cull out the ones that he did not want. In addition, we have to examine Cleveland’s response time in the context of the frequency and volume of Shaughnessy’s requests. He submitted three requests in the span of two weeks. His requests on January 26, February 2, and February 6 combined resulted in 345 pages of responsive records. And each of these requests required the city to search for responsive records by subject matter, exclude the records Shaughnessy did not want, retrieve responsive records by police-report number, and then review the records for possible redactions. Under these circumstances, and considering that Shaughnessy’s requests were improper from the outset, Cleveland’s response time was reasonable.
CONCLUSION
{¶ 23} We conclude that Shaughnessy has not shown that Cleveland had a clear legal duty to produce, or that he had a clear legal right to receive, the records he requested within eight business days. We deny Shaughnessy’s request for a writ of mandamus and deny his request for statutory damages.
Writ denied.
O’Connor, C.J., and Pfeifer, O’Donnell, Lanzinger, French, and O’Neill, JJ., concur.
Kennedy, J., dissents, with an opinion.
Kennedy, J.,
dissenting.
{¶ 24} When a public office does not reject a public-records request as being “ambiguous or overly broad” pursuant to R.C. 149.43(B)(2) or deny the request with an explanation pursuant to R.C. 149.43(B)(3), the Public Records Act requires the public office to produce responsive records in a “reasonable period of time” given the pertinent facts and circumstances of the case. R.C. 149.43(B)(1); accord, State ex rel. Morgan v. Strickland, 121 Ohio St.3d 600, 2009-Ohio-1901, 906 N.E.2d 1105, ¶ 10. Because relator, Matthew Shaughnessy, complied with the city of Cleveland’s request form, which asked for the “specific details about what” the requestor wanted, the public-records requests described in Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint were proper. Therefore, I dissent.
{¶ 25} Because the totality of the evidence demonstrates that Cleveland was capable of identifying, printing, reviewing and redacting, and producing responsive records within three to five business days, I would hold that the eight-business-day standard established in State ex rel. Wadd v. Cleveland, 81 Ohio St.3d 50, 689 N.E.2d 25 (1998), is reasonable. Therefore, I would grant the writ of mandamus as to Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint and order Cleveland to produce responsive records to future similar written public-records requests within eight business days. Moreover, I would grant Shaughnessy $2,000 in statutory damages pursuant to R.C. 149.43(C)(2).
{¶ 26} “In Ohio, public records are the people’s records, and officials in whose custody they happen to be are merely trustees for the people; therefore, anyone may inspect these records at any reasonable time.” State ex rel. Warren Newspapers, Inc. v. Hutson, 70 Ohio St.3d 619, 623, 640 N.E.2d 174 (1994). To that end, we have construed the Public Records Act liberally in favor of disclosure of public records. State ex rel. Rocker v. Guernsey Cty. Sheriff's Office, 126 Ohio St.3d 224, 2010-Ohio-8288, 932 N.E.2d 327, ¶ 6.
{¶ 27} To facilitate broad access to public records, the Public Records Act requires a public office to “organize and maintain public records in a manner that they can be made available for inspection or copying.” R.C. 149.43(B)(2). However, it is “ ‘the responsibility of the person who wishes to inspect and/or copy records to identify with reasonable clarity the records at issue.’ ” State ex rel. Morgan v. New Lexington, 112 Ohio St.3d 33, 2006-Ohio-6365, 857 N.E.2d 1208, ¶ 29, quoting State ex rel. Fant v. Tober, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 63737, 1993 WL 173743, *1 (Apr. 28, 1993), aff'd, 68 Ohio St.3d 117, 623 N.E.2d 1202 (1993).
{¶ 28} “If a requester makes an ambiguous or overly broad request,” then the public office may deny the request. R.C. 149.43(B)(2). If a request is denied on this basis, then the public office must give the requestor “an opportunity to revise the request by informing the requester of the manner in which records are maintained by the public office and accessed in the ordinary course of the public office’s or person’s duties.” Id. If the public office “ultimately” denies the public-records request, the public office must “provide the requester with an explanation, including legal authority, setting forth why the request was denied.” R.C. 149.43(B)(3).
{¶ 29} In denying the writ of mandamus, the majority concludes that Shaugh-nessy’s requests in Counts 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint were improper because they required Cleveland to research its database in order to identify selected information in a subset of records. I disagree.
{¶ 30} The evidence demonstrates that Shaughnessy made all of the public-records requests at issue on Cleveland’s public-records-request form and specifically conformed his requests to the requirements of the form, which asked for, in addition to the requestor’s name and contact information, the “specific details about what [the requestor wanted], including time frame, locations, etc. (if applicable).”
{¶31} In keeping with the generalized request form, Cleveland’s Public Records Policy stated that the requestor “must clearly state the records and/or information being sought to allow the City of Cleveland to identify, retrieve and review records” and that “[i]f a request is vague and overbroad, the City may deny the request.”
Count 1
{¶ 32} Shaughnessy sent the request described in Count 1 of the complaint on October 10, 2014. It stated:
I am an attorney who advocates for crime victims. I would like to recieve [sic] copies of initial police reports from the first and second districts for all non domestic violence related aggravated assaults or assaults where the victims sought medical care at the hospital. Maybe you can help me with the best way to word this request to best meet my requirements as I would like to make requests for this information on a weekly basis and do not want to cause you unnecessary work. I would like copies of these reports for Sunday September 21, 2014 through Saturday October 5, 2014.
{¶ 33} Cleveland’s law department stamped the request as received on October 10, 2014. In response to the request, Cleveland did not indicate that Shaughnes-sy’s request was “vague or overbroad.” On the contrary, Nancy Diemer, a public-records assistant in Cleveland’s law department, responded by e-mail on October 10, 2014, stating, “In response to your public record request above, we’ve attached is [sic] a list of all assaults in DI and D2 for the time period requested. If you would like this on a weekly basis the information is available online at: http://clevelandgis.org/pub/index/html?config=crime.xml.”
{¶ 34} After further clarification that Shaughnessy wanted a copy of the actual police incident reports, on November 17, 2014, Carol A. Harvanek, another public-records assistant in Cleveland’s law department, sent Shaughnessy an email that provided a link to the incident reports.
Count %
{¶ 35} Shaughnessy’s second request, dated November 13, 2014, requested the “initial * * * Police Report * * * created for the Following incidents” and thereafter listed nine incidents, setting forth the date, location, and type of offense for each one. The format of this request—the listing of the nine incidents by date, location, and offense type—was consistent with the information retrievable by the hyperlink that Diemer provided to Shaughnessy on October 10, 2014. Cleveland Gis Crime Calls, http://www.clevelandgis.org/pub/index.html?config= crime.xml (accessed Dec. 14, 2016).
{¶ 36} The law department stamped the request as received on November 13, 2014. In response, Cleveland did not indicate that Shaughnessy’s request was “vague or overbroad.” On December 19, 2014, Harvanek sent Shaughnessy an email with an electronic file containing the responsive records and indicated that redactions had been made pursuant to law.
Counts 3, k, and 5
{¶ 37} Shaughnessy’s third request, dated January 26, 2015, was worded differently from the first two requests:
Please provide 1 copy of each police incident report made by the Cleveland Police Department within the time frame of January 8, 2015, and January 14, 2015, with regard to the crimes of Felonious Assault (R.C. 2903.11) and Assaults causing serious harm (R.C. 2903.13)[.]
For purposes of this request you may omit entirely, without explanation, any reports with regard to Domestic Violence; Elder Abuse by caregiver, or assault upon victims who are minors.
This request is not made in preparation of any criminal defense whatsoever * * *.
Please call if you need any clarification!}]
{¶ 38} The law department stamped the request as received on January 29, 2015. Again, Cleveland did not reject Shaughnessy’s request for being “vague or overbroad.” Thereafter, a reported-crimes report was generated for the date range requested, setting forth the report numbers and locations for 19 incidents of aggravated assault. On February 17, 2015, Harvanek e-mailed Shaughnessy a link to the responsive documents.
{¶ 39} Shaughnessy’s fourth and fifth requests followed the exact same format as his third request. The law department stamped the requests as received on February 10, 2015, and February 9, 2015, respectively. Again, Cleveland did not reject Shaughnessy’s requests for being “vague or overbroad.” On March 25 and 24, 2015, respectively, Harvanek e-mailed Shaughnessy links to the responsive documents for his fourth and fifth public-records requests.
All of Shaughnessy’s public-records requests were proper
{¶ 40} I disagree with the majority’s conclusion that the public-records requests detailed in Counts 1, 3, 4, and 5 of Shaughnessy’s complaint were “improper,” because I conclude that Shaughnessy specifically complied with the instructions provided on Cleveland’s public-records-request form. Cleveland has a standard, generalized form for public-records requests. The form asks request-ors to provide specific information that would enable Cleveland to locate, retrieve, and review the records sought.
{¶ 41} The majority concludes that Cleveland could have done things differently—but it did not. Cleveland’s public-records form asked requestors to be specific about the facts of the report being requested, and it provided, as an example of the specific information needed, the “time frame” and location of the requested reports. Cleveland’s public-records policy also required specificity by requiring a requestor to “clearly state the records and/or information being sought” in order to allow Cleveland the opportunity to “identify, retrieve and review the records.” Cleveland did not reject Shaughnessy’s public-records requests as being “ambiguous or overly broad” under R.C. 149.43(B)(2), ask Shaughnessy to revise his requests, or deny his requests with an explanation under R.C. 149.43(B)(3).
{¶ 42} In the majority’s view, this specificity, which Cleveland required, made the request improper, because Shaughnessy was seeking information from a subset of records, which required a search of the records. However, as set forth above, Cleveland’s form and policy specifically asked Shaughnessy for the specific details of the reports sought. By prompting a requestor to provide details, Cleveland recognized that every request will seek a subset of police reports, not all police reports. Moreover, as is demonstrated in this case, because of the way Cleveland chooses to organize and maintain its records, a search of the record database is always required in order to provide a subset of the records—whether that is one report, nine reports, or more. The supplemental affidavit of Kim Roberson, a public-records administrator for Cleveland, and the supplemental exhibits demonstrate that Cleveland does retrieve police-incident-report numbers based on the type of offense, i.e., “felonious assault and assaults causing serious harm.”
{¶ 43} Shaughnessy’s public-records request described in Count 1 asked for police reports for a specific time period, for a specific location, and for specific crimes. Cleveland responded with a hyperlink that mapped out the responsive incidents. When he clarified that he wanted the actual reports and not just the information provided in the hyperlink, Cleveland followed up with a second e-mail directing him to a file with the incident reports he sought.
{¶ 44} The request also asked Cleveland to advise Shaughnessy if he was not wording his request properly and stated that he would make the request consistent with Cleveland’s wishes. As set forth above, however, Cleveland’s only response was the production of the responsive records.
{¶ 45} Shaughnessy’s public-records request in Count 2 followed the outline of the information provided in the hyperlink that Cleveland provided to Shaughnes-sy in its initial response to his first public-records request. The majority concludes that this request was proper because “this request did not require a subject-matter search.” Majority opinion at ¶ 18. However, the majority misses the point that the information Shaughnessy provided was essentially the same information that he provided in the request in Count 1. Shaughnessy still specified the records sought by date, location, and offense—which is what Cleveland’s public-records form required. Moreover, regardless of which request Cleveland received—the request in Count 1 of the complaint or the one in Count 2—Cleveland still had to conduct a search of its records to produce a subset of the entire record. How Cleveland searched the database for the police-incident-report numbers to fulfill the records request in Count 2 of the complaint is unknown and irrelevant.
{¶ 46} Moreover, the majority’s conclusion that the request in Count 2 was proper because it “did not require a subject-matter search,” majority opinion at ¶ 18, does not comport with our past precedent, in which we have held that a request is improper only if it requires a government agency to “search through voluminous documents for those that contain certain information or to create a new document by searching for and compiling information from existing records.” State ex rel. Carr v. London Corr. Inst., 144 Ohio St.3d 211, 2015-Ohio-2363, 41 N.E.3d 1203, ¶ 22, citing State ex rel. Morgan v. New Lexington, 112 Ohio St.3d 33, 2006-Ohio-6365, 857 N.E.2d 1208, ¶ 30-31, 35, and State ex rel. Kerner v. State Teachers Retirement Bd., 82 Ohio St.3d 273, 274, 695 N.E.2d 256 (1998). Our precedent does not disallow requests for records that require subject-matter searches.
{¶ 47} By finding the request in Count 2 proper, the majority admits that a request for a specific subset of incident reports is permissible. It appears then that the majority views the requirement of “a subject-matter search” as the crucial factor that determines whether or not a request is proper. The only difference between Shaughnessy’s request in Count 2 and the requests at issue in Counts 1, 3, 4, and 5 is that the request in Count 2 listed the nine incidents by a specific date, specific location, and offense type for each police incident report requested, while the other requests listed a date by range, location by district, and offense type for each police incident report requested.
{¶ 48} Shaughnessy’s request described in Count 3, while worded differently, still provided Cleveland with the same general information that the city’s form requested and that Shaughnessy had provided in the requests set forth in Counts 1 and 2 of the complaint. Shaughnessy’s requests in Counts 4 and 5 mirrored the request in Count 3.
{¶ 49} The requests in Counts 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint also gave Cleveland discretion not to provide reports involving domestic violence, elder abuse by a caregiver, or assault of a juvenile. Importantly, Shaughnessy stated that Cleveland “may omit entirely” these categories. Use of the term “may” should be construed as permissive, not mandatory. In re Application of Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp., 129 Ohio St.3d 9, 2011-Ohio-2377, 949 N.E.2d 991, ¶ 17. Therefore, it was within the discretion of Cleveland to cull out those records or not to cull out those records.
{¶ 50} In reaching the conclusion that Wadd is “inapposite,” majority opinion at ¶ 14, the majority focuses on the fact that Wadd wanted a single day’s worth of vehicle crash reports while Shaughnessy requested a series of reports. However, this conclusion is contrary to Cleveland’s own admission that it has identified documents responsive to Shaughnessy’s requests on the same day that his requests have been made. And it is contrary to the evidence that Cleveland produced nine police incident reports in 20 minutes when a request (which was not included in Shaughnessy’s complaint) was made in person. It was only when Shaughnessy made a written request for nine police incident reports that Cleveland took 26 days to produce the responsive records.
{¶ 51} Moreover, the majority concludes that Shaughnessy’s similar requests to other large metropolitan police departments cannot “justify” imposing Wadd’s eight-business-day requirement on Cleveland “without more context” because Shaughnessy does not offer “evidence as to the manner in which those cities keep, organize, or retrieve incident reports or whether those cities conducted legal review and redaction.” Majority opinion at ¶ 15. While I agree that the record is silent as to how these* other cities store police incident reports or whether they conduct legal review and redaction of responsive records, the most reasonable interpretation of this silence is not that these other police departments have ignored their obligations under the Public Records Act but that these cities have created efficient processes that ensure records are produced in a reasonable amount of time with protected information shielded from disclosure.
{¶ 52} Shaughnessy submitted evidence showing that the Cincinnati Police Department provided all police incident reports involving felonious assaults and assaults causing serious harm committed within a one-week time period within two days of Shaughnessy’s request. Likewise, the Columbus Division of Police provided all police incident reports involving felonious assaults and assaults causing serious harm committed within a two-week period, for a total of 399 pages of records, within one day of Shaughnessy’s request. The responsive-record production from Columbus is far larger than any of the responsive-record productions from Cleveland, which were 68 pages, 136 pages, 141 pages, and likely less than 50 pages, respectively. Yet it took Columbus one day and Cleveland anywhere from 12 to 31 days to respond to Shaughnessy’s written public-records requests.
{¶ 53} The Canton Police Department provided all police incident reports involving felonious assaults committed within a 30-day period on the same day of the request, for a total of 30 responsive pages. The city of Akron posts police incident reports online within a few days of the incident, and as a result, Shaughnessy does not need to make individual public-records requests of Akron.
{¶ 54} Shaughnessy has demonstrated that Cleveland should be able to produce the requested records within three to five business days. Specifically, Cleveland admitted in its answer that it can identify responsive records on the same day they are requested. And Shaughnessy’s supplemental affidavit and its exhibits show that the remaining steps have been completed in two to four business days. Exhibits I, J, and K show the dates on which the reports were printed and also the dates they were e-mailed to Shaughnessy. The time in between is presumably the time for review and redaction, which is two to four days. Therefore, Cleveland should be able to produce records within three to five business days.
{¶ 55} Moreover, while the majority concludes that Shaughnessy’s requests in Counts 1, 3, 4, and 5 were improper, it is noteworthy that Shaughnessy’s requests to the other large metropolitan police departments mirrored his requests to Cleveland, with the exception that he sought all responsive police reports made throughout those cities, while his request to Cleveland was limited to districts one and two.
{¶ 56} Just as in Wadd, I believe that the time other cities take to respond to similar requests and the way Cleveland responded to Shaughnessy’s requests after the mandamus action was filed are pertinent facts that provide an illustrative standard for a “reasonable” time for responding to a public-records request. See Wadd, 81 Ohio St.3d at 53, 689 N.E.2d 25. In light of all the pertinent facts, I believe that the eight-business-day standard of Wadd is applicable here.
{¶ 57} Additionally, the majority’s reliance on Fant, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 63737, 1993 WL 173743, is misplaced. As the Fant court recognized, the public-records requestor did not request a specific record. Id. at *1. Instead, he requested “information,” specifically, the “names, payroll numbers, residential mailing addresses, and dates of employment” of certain bus operators. Id. Here, Shaughnessy requested police incident reports. Shaughnessy did not ask for information from the police incident reports. Cleveland did, however, ask Shaughnessy for specific information about his request (i.e. date and location) in order to fulfill that request.
{¶ 58} Seemingly, the majority places great emphasis on the procedural process that Cleveland undertakes to produce records responsive to Shaughnes-sy’s requests. However, all public offices will engage in some rote process of locating, retrieving, and reviewing a public record prior to release to a requestor. The process that Cleveland has designed and implemented, which includes checks and balances to ensure that a records request does not slip through the cracks, is not at issue. The length of time that Cleveland takes in completing that process when the request is made in writing is the issue.
{¶ 59} While the facts are distinguishable because of the length of the delay and the type of records sought, this court should nevertheless adopt the legal reasoning of the Twelfth District Court of Appeals in State ex rel. Hartkemeyer v. Fairfield Twp., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-04-080, 2012-Ohio-5842, 2012 WL 6115736. In Hartkemeyer, a resident of Fairfield Township made a public-records request on July 27, 2011, via certified mail, for the following public records maintained by Fairfield Township:
(1) audio recordings of all meetings of the Fairfield Township Board of Trustees from May 1 through July 27, 2011, (2) meeting minutes from all meetings of the Fairfield Township Board of Trustees from May 1 through July 27, 2011, and (3) meeting agendas from all meetings of the Fairfield Township Board of Trustees from May 1 through July 27, 2011.
Id. at ¶ 3.
{¶ 60} The assistant township administrator acknowledged receipt of the public-records request via e-mail, and she stated, “I * * * will make the items available to you as soon as possible.” Id. at ¶ 4. In October 2011, Fairfield Township provided some of the requested records. Id. at ¶ 8. After some back and forth between the requestor and the township, the township finally provided all of the remaining responsive records on July 20, 2012, after the requestor had already filed a complaint for a writ of mandamus. Id. at ¶ 10.
{¶ 61} In granting the writ, the Twelfth District rejected Fairfield Township’s argument that the burdensome nature of the public-records requests excused its tardy response:
The statute does not offer exceptions to public offices that are understaffed or otherwise unable to comply with the statutory mandates because of the way the entity chooses to use its resources. While such circumstances may be considered to a limited degree when determining the reasonableness of a public office’s response, the statute itself gives little latitude to circumventing the affirmative responsibilities placed upon those that maintain public records.
Id. at ¶ 26. The majority accepts essentially the same argument from Cleveland that Fairfield Township made in Hartkemeyer. The majority excuses Cleveland’s late response, stating that Shaughnessy’s “frequent requests * * * containing specific retrieval criteria, to cull out certain records” made Cleveland’s response timely. Majority opinion at ¶ 8. The burden that a specific request places on a public entity cannot, in isolation, make a delay in responding to the request reasonable.
{¶ 62} In Hartkemeyer, the Twelfth District also considered that the public-records request was confusing and that some of the requested meeting minutes were not available. Hartkemeyer, 2012-Ohio-5842, 2012 WL 6115736, at ¶ 27-28. This is similar to the majority’s conclusion that Shaughnessy’s requests were improper because they “required Cleveland to do research for Shaughnessy and to identify a specific subset of records containing selected information.” Majority opinion at ¶ 10. The Twelfth District in Hartkemeyer found it determinative that “[t]he township never informed relator that it did not understand the July 27 request or that it found the request ambiguous or overly broad.” Hartkemeyer at ¶ 27. Likewise, this court should not excuse Cleveland’s slow response because Shaughnessy’s requests were “improper.” Cleveland could have denied the requests, but it did not. As a result, we should ensure that Cleveland “promptly” produces requested records. In the end, I predict that the long-term effect of the majority’s decision will be that Cleveland will endure more expansive, time-consuming public-records requests.
{¶ 63} The majority does not explain the distinction that it makes between the requests described in Counts 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint, which were deemed improper, and the one set forth in Count 2 of the complaint, which it deemed proper, other than to state that the request in Count 2 did not request a search by offense. It is undeniably apparent, however, from the majority’s statement of Cleveland’s procedural process, that in order to fulfill the public-records request described in Count 2 of the complaint, Cleveland had to conduct a search of the database using the information that Shaughnessy had provided (i.e., the date, location, and type of offense) to obtain each offense-report number in order to retrieve the actual incident reports. The distinction between a more general request giving a time frame, a location by district, and a type of offense versus a more specific request providing a date, address, and type of offense is a distinction without a difference. In both cases, Cleveland must conduct a search of the database to find the police-incident-report numbers.
{¶ 64} Because Shaughnessy used Cleveland’s public-records-request form and provided Cleveland with the specific information for the records he sought and Cleveland did not reject the request as being vague or overly broad, ask Shaughnessy to revise his request, or deny the request with explanation, the public-records requests in Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint were proper. Therefore, I dissent. Because the totality of the evidence demonstrates that Cleveland has the ability to prepare records responsive to requests similar to those in Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint in three to five days, I would hold that the eight-business-day standard established in Wadd is reasonable. Therefore, I would grant the writ of mandamus as to Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the complaint and order Cleveland to produce responsive records to future similar written public-records requests within eight business days. Moreover, I would grant Shaughnessy $2,000 in statutory damages pursuant to R.C. 149.43(C)(2).
Matthew Shaughnessy, pro se.
Barbara A. Langhenry, Cleveland Director of Law, and Shawn M. Mallamad, Assistant Director of Law, for respondents.
|
CASELAW
|
Rosenburg-Mold
Rosenburg-Mold is a town in the district of Horn in Lower Austria, Austria. The Renaissance castle Rosenburg is located in the town.
|
WIKI
|
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 111 Part 1.djvu/413
PUBLIC LAW 105-33—AUG. 5, 1997 111 STAT. 389 pursuant to section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), supplied to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a)(3) or section 1124(c) to the extent necessary for verification of such information in accordance with paragraph (2). "(2) VERIFICATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security and the Secretary of the Treasury shall verify the accuracy of, or correct, the information supplied by the Secretary to such official pursuant to paragraph (1), and shall report such verifications or corrections to the Secretary. "(3) FEES FOR VERIFICATION.— The Secretary shall reimburse the Commissioner and Secretary of the Treasury, at a rate negotiated between the Secretary and such official, for the costs incurred by such official in performing the verification and correction services described in this subsection.". (d) REPORT.—Before the amendments made by this section may become effective, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress a report on steps the Secretary has taken to assure the confidentiality of social security account numbers that will be provided to the Secretary under such amendments. (e) EFFECTIVE DATES.— (1) DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS. —The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to the application of conditions of participation, and entering into and renewal of contracts and agreements, occurring more than 90 days after the date of submission of the report under subsection (d). (2) OTHER PROVIDERS.— The amendments made by subsection (b) shall apply to payment for items and services furnished more than 90 days after the date of submission of such report. SEC. 4314. ADVISORY OPINIONS REGARDING CERTAIN PHYSICIAN SELF-REFERRAL PROVISIONS. Section 1877(g) (42 U.S.C. 1395nn(g)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: " (6) ADVISORY OPINIONS. — "(A) IN GENERAL.— The Secretary shall issue written advisory opinions concerning whether a referral relating to designated health services (other than clinical laboratory services) is prohibited under this section. Each advisory opinion issued by the Secretary shall be binding as to the Secretary and the party or parties requesting the opinion. "(B) APPLICATION OF CERTAIN RULES.— The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, apply the rules under subsections (b)(3) and (b)(4) and take into account the regulations promulgated under subsection (b)(5) of section 1128D in the issuance of advisory opinions under this paragraph. "(C) REGULATIONS.—In order to implement this paragraph in a timely manner, the Secretary may promulgate regulations that take effect on an interim basis, after notice and pending opportunity for public comment. "(D) APPLICABILITY.—T his paragraph shall apply to requests for advisory opinions made after the date which is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and before the close of the period described in section 1128D(b)(6).". 42 USC 1320a-3 note. 42 USC 1320a-3 note.
�
|
WIKI
|
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase (, GalD) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-oxalomesaconate keto---enol-isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
* (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate $$\rightleftharpoons$$ (1E,3E)-4-hydroxybuta-1,3-diene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate
This enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida.
|
WIKI
|
The Rutherford Institute
The Rutherford Institute is a conservative Christian public interest law firm dedicated to the defense of civil liberties, human rights, and religious liberties. Based in Charlottesville, Virginia, the non-profit organization's motto is "its our job to make the government play by the rules of the Constitution." The organization was founded in 1982 by John W. Whitehead, who continued to be its president. The Rutherford Institute offers free legal services to those who have had their rights threatened or violated. The Rutherford Institute has a network of affiliate attorneys across the United States and funds its efforts through donations. In addition to its offer of legal services, the organization offers free educational materials for those interested in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.
While once primarily concerned with the defense of religious liberties, the organization later expanded its mission to encompass other constitutional issues such as search and seizure, free speech, and zero tolerance policy. Some of the institute's legal actions were widely reported, including helping Paula Jones pursue a sexual harassment lawsuit in 1997 against President Bill Clinton, and its defense of middle and high school students suspended and expelled under inflexible zero tolerance policies, and the free speech rights of preachers and political protestors. Declaring that we live in a police state where "freedom has become fascism", the institute has denounced no-knock warrants and granting police qualified immunity. It also defended state laws banning homosexual conduct in Bowers v. Hardwick.
The Rutherford Institute has worked with a number of similar groups across the political spectrum, including the ACLU and the Cato Institute. Whitehead was described by jazz historian and civil libertarian Nat Hentoff as "this nation's Paul Revere of protecting civil liberties."
Foundation
The Rutherford Institute was named after Samuel Rutherford, a 17th-century theologian who wrote a book, Lex, Rex, which challenged the concept of the divine right of kings. When The Rutherford Institute was founded, conservative Protestants in the United States were reconsidering their role in American political and legal life, perceiving that the federal government was intent on encroaching on Americans' religious liberties. Organizations such as The Rutherford Institute pursued matters of religious liberties in the courts, and The Rutherford Institute became the model for groups such as the National Legal Foundation, the Liberty Counsel, and the American Center for Law and Justice. Bryan McKenzie of the Charlottesville Daily Progress described the institute as "a more conservative American Civil Liberties Union" (ACLU).
History and legal actions
Since its founding, The Rutherford Institute has expanded its aims from defending the religious liberties of Christians to include defending the religious liberties of all Americans, as well as working to preserve rights such as free speech and the right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure. However, the institute has sometimes taken pro-government positions, such as defending laws which banned gay sex.
Religious liberty
In 2004, the group filed a lawsuit against Muskogee Public Schools in Oklahoma on behalf of Nashala Hearn, an 11-year-old Muslim student who was suspended for wearing a religious headscarf to school.
In 2007, they filed a lawsuit against Freehold Township, New Jersey on behalf of an Orthodox rabbi, Avraham Bernstein, alleging that the town was persecuting Bernstein for holding prayer meetings in his home on the Sabbath.
In 2011, the group took up the cause of Laura George, founder of the Oracle Institute, who wanted to build a "Peace Pentagon", a proposed interfaith study center and retreat, on the banks of the New River in Independence, Virginia. After George was refused a building permit when the local Board of Supervisors voted to deny the project on health, safety and welfare grounds, attorneys acting on behalf of The Rutherford Institute pursued a legal action to acquire the permit, alleging religious discrimination; eventually the building permit was granted.
Freedom of speech
In 2012, The Rutherford Institute filed a lawsuit on behalf of Harold Hodge, a man arrested in January 2011 for standing outside the United States Supreme Court Building carrying a sign which read, "The U.S. Gov allows police to illegally murder and brutalize African-Americans and Hispanic people." Other cases include defending an Albemarle High School student's right to wear a National Rifle Association T-shirt to school and contesting the dismissal of a California teacher who referred to "Zionist Jews" during an Occupy Movement protest.
The Rutherford Institute was also involved with the ACLU in defending the 2017 Unite the Right rally effort to hold a rally on August 11 and 12 in Charlottesville's Emancipation Park.
Opposition to Government surveillance
In 2012, The Rutherford Institute took legal action against the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, on behalf of high school student, Andrea Hernandez, who risked consequences from school administrators for refusing to wear a "name badge containing a radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip." The school district sought to increase student attendance rates with tracking devices on students. Attorneys for the Rutherford Institute argued that the school's actions violated Texas' Religious Freedom Act, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. After the lawsuit in federal court and the negative publicity it generated, the Northside Independent School District abandoned the tracking program.
In 2023, The Rutherford Institute urged the City Council in Charlottesville, Virginia against adopting the use of license plate readers in the Charlottesville Police Department.
In 2023, The Rutherford Institute issued a public warning about Ancestry.com DNA Kits and the "associated privacy risks posed by police and hackers." John W. Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute said “The debate over genetic privacy—and when one’s DNA becomes a public commodity outside the protection of the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on warrantless searches and seizures—is really only beginning,”
Search and seizure
In 2008, The Rutherford Institute joined a coalition of civil libertarians and activists who called upon President George W. Bush to release a number of Muslim Uighurs who were being detained indefinitely in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
In 2010, the group took on a number of cases regarding the Transportation Security Administration's controversial security procedures at American airports. The organization filed a lawsuit in November 2010 against Janet Napolitano, the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security and John Pistole, the head of the Transportation Security Administration, on behalf of airline pilots Michael Roberts and Ann Poe. The pilots objected to being subjected to "whole body imaging" scanners, which reveal the nude body of the subject being searched, as well as a pat-down. John W. Whitehead said of the matter, "Forcing Americans to undergo a virtual strip search as a matter of course in reporting to work or boarding an airplane when there is no suspicion of wrongdoing is a grotesque violation of our civil liberties." The next month The Rutherford Institute filed another lawsuit on the behalf of three passengers who took issue with the TSA screening procedures: a 12-year-old girl placed in a body scanner without parental consent, a man who was subjected to an invasive pat down in his genital area due to an abnormality caused by a childhood injury, and a woman who had undergone a mastectomy and was required to be patted down in her breast area.
In 2010, Whitehead sent a letter to Ken Cuccinelli, the Attorney General of Virginia, decrying his legal opinion that school officials could seize and search student cellphones and laptop computers upon suspicion that a student had broken school rules or the law.
In 2011, the group filed a friend of the court brief in the case U.S. v. Jones, imploring the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court to rule that the placement of a GPS tracking device on the defendant's car without first obtaining a warrant constituted an illegal search. In January 2012 the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that police must obtain a warrant before placing a physical GPS tracking unit on a suspect's car.
Following the 2020 Anti-police protests over the murder of George Floyd, but without mentioning it, Rutherford published an article denouncing no knock warrants and the granting of "qualified immunity" to police. The article argued that Americans live in a "police state" and that "freedom has become fascism" due to the Supreme Court's refusal to uphold the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and limit the police, stating that there is a "nationwide epidemic of court-sanctioned police violence carried out with impunity against individuals posing little or no real threat."
Ballot access
In July 2014, The Rutherford Institute supported the Libertarian Party of Virginia and alleged that Virginia ballot laws favored "the election chances of Democrat and Republican candidates at the expense of Libertarian Party and independent candidates."
|
WIKI
|
Palm Beach Surgical PBHNPG
What is Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery?
Also referred to as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), this is a modern surgical technique in which surgery is performed through a series of small incisions in the body, reducing post-operative pain. Due to improved patient outcomes in the last two decades, laparoscopic surgery has been adopted by various surgical sub-specialties including bariatric procedures for obesity, colorectal procedures, and an increasing number of general surgical procedures. The approach has proven to help reduce post-operative complications such as wound infections and incisional hernias. It has also been proven as a safe option for patients with colon cancer and other digestive disorders.
Benefits of Laparoscopic Surgery
There can be multiple advantages for patients that qualify for/undergo laparoscopic surgery. These can include:
• Less scarring
• Reduced pain with faster recovery time (Less medication).
• Shorter hospital stays. In most cases, patients go home the same day.
• Patients return to their daily activities sooner.
• Reduced risk of infections.
How Laparoscopic Surgery Works
The surgery is performed in the abdomen or pelvis with laparoscopic instruments, which are smaller than the ones used in traditional surgery. The physician performs the procedure with the assistance of a high-definition camera. There are multiple potential advantages to having laparoscopic surgery in comparison to open procedures. Laparoscopic surgery can help reduce pain since the tiny incisions cause less trauma and inflammation to the body. In return, patients have less scarring and they experience a shorter recovery time.
We recommend you speak with our qualified doctors about all your surgical options, including Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery. In early studies, patients notably reported feeling less pain during recovery from laparoscopic surgery in comparison to traditional surgery. Patients have reported feeling little to no pain seven days after surgery, and they have returned to their daily activities faster.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Symphurus thermophilus
Symphurus thermophilus is a species of tonguefish notable for being the only flatfish known to be an obligate inhabitant of hydrothermal vents. It is known to inhabit several widely dispersed locations in the western Pacific Ocean and occurs in great numbers. These flatfish are distinguished by the prominent dark crossbands on their brown eyed side, black abdominal cavity membrane lining known as the peritoneum, and white blind side. They are tolerant of harsh conditions and are often found in close association with elemental sulfur, including molten sulfur pools that exceed 180 °C in temperature. As they are not significantly different in appearance and feeding habits from other tonguefishes, they are thought to be relatively recent colonizers of vent ecosystems.
Taxonomy
These fish were first observed in nature in 1988, and were provisionally assigned to the species Symphurus orientalis before being recognized as a new species. The species name thermophilus is from the Greek thermos meaning "heat" and philos meaning "lover", referring to its association with hydrothermal vents.
A cryptic species of Symphurus in the southern Tonga and Kermadec Arcs was previously described as S. thermophilus, however, research has suggested that it has a distinct genetic makeup compared to that of the S. thermophilus in the northern Mariana Arc, despite exhibiting comparable morphology and behavior.
Distribution and habitat
This species has a wide, disjunct distribution in the western Pacific, from the Kaikata Seamount near the Bonin Islands off southeastern Japan, to the Rumble 3 and Macauley Submarine Volcanos on the Kermadec Ridge off northern New Zealand, including the Nikko Seamount near Minami-Iohjima Island, the Minami-Ensei Knoll in the Mid-Okinawa Trough, the Kasuga-2 and Daikoku Seamounts in the Marianas Islands arc, and the Volcano-1 and Volcano-2 Seamounts in the Tonga arc. S. thermophilus might also occur at yet-unexplored vent sites in-between these locations. Tonguefish were associated with three different substrata across the Daikoku, Kasuga-2, and Nikko seamounts. On the Daikoku and Kasuga-2 vents, the tonguefish were found on volcanoclastic and sulfuric sediments. In the Nikko vents, they were found among dense colonies of tubeworms. The fish were also associated with sheeted sulfur flows and conglomerates that were found near high temperature vents and sulfur. On outcrops of andesite and basalt that were untouched of venting, there were no tonguefish found. Of surfaces with dense microbial mats, tonguefish populations were noticably reduced.
S. thermophilus occurs only within relatively shallow active hydrothermal vent sites at a depth of 239–733 m, with most found between 300–400 m. Both adults and juveniles are found in the same habitats. Unusually for a vent fish, S. thermophilus favors environments that are rich in sulfur; they have been observed oriented vertically on solid sulfur walls, resting on beds of newly congealed sulfur adjacent to a rivulet of molten sulfur, and even on a thin crust of consolidated sulfur pebbles overlaying a molten sulfur bed with a temperature of 187 °C (though the crust is considerably cooler). While many flatfish species prefer a fine substrate to burrow in, S. thermophilus frequents coarse substrates and is sometimes found over solid surfaces. At the Kaikata Seamount, S. thermophilus was observed on coarse sand bottoms where water of 19-22 °C was percolating through the sediment. At the Minami-Ensei Knoll, this species was found on white metachromatic sediments in water 5-10 °C warmer than the ambient seawater. At the Kasuga-2 Seamount, it occurred on a variety of dark- and light-colored gravel sediments and on bacterial mats.
Where it occurs, S. thermophilus is often extremely abundant; it is the most numerous obligate vent vertebrate known to date. At the Kaikata Seamount, they are found in such numbers that the fish overlap one another on the bottom. Point densities at the Daikoku Seamount have been recorded as high as 392 individuals per square meter; these densities are an order of magnitude higher than flatfish densities reported anywhere else. The overall distribution of S. thermophilus are relatively dispersed. The highest abundances were found in pits of granular sulfur or volcanoclastic sediments. On the Daikoku vents, the abundance of fish was found to be 80 fish/m2, which was calculated from around 150 non-overlapping images collected through remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) from 2005-2006.
Anatomy and morphology
Like other tonguefishes, S. thermophilus has a laterally flattened body with united dorsal, caudal, and anal fins. Two fairly large and rounded eyes are located on the left side of the head in adults. The pectoral fins and lateral line are absent, and there is only a single, right-side pelvic fin. The head is moderately long, with a blunt snout and long, broadly arched jaws. There are 4-5 rows of teeth on the upper and lower jaws of the blind side, and 2-3 and 1 rows on upper and lower jaws respectively of the eyed side. The teeth are sharp and recurved, and better developed on the blind-side jaws.
The body is notably deep compared to other Symphurus species. The origin of the dorsal fin is located above the eyes and contains 88-94 rays. The dorsal fin pterygiophores and neural spines have a 1-2-2-2-2 interdigitation pattern. The pelvic fin is moderately long, contains 4 rays, and is connected to the body by a delicate membrane. The anal fin contains 74-80 fin rays. The caudal fin is relatively long and contains 14 rays. The scales are small and strongly ctenoid in shape, numbering 47-56 rows transversely and 100-112 rows longitudinally.
Both adults and juveniles typically exhibit similar body coloration. The eyed side of the body is medium to dark chocolate brown in color, mottled with numerous dark, irregularly shaped blotches and white speckles, along with five to eight darker, complete or incomplete crossbands. Some individuals have a white patch over two-thirds of the abdominal cavity, sometimes with bluish-green tints and bordered posteriorly by a black blotch. The abdominal area posterior to the gill opening is blackish brown and much darker than the rest of the body. A conspicuous black membrane lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneum, is visible through its abdominal wall. Occasionally there are one or two irregular to nearly circular white spots along the body midline. The fin rays are dark at the base and lighter towards the tips, and there is an irregular dark spot at the base of the caudal fin. The blind side of the body is white, with scattered dark melanophores.
The maximum known length is 8.7 cm for a male and 11.2 cm for a female. The fish from the Nikko Seamount are nearly twice as large as those from the Kasuga-2 and Daikoku Seamounts. This may be because of the higher biological productivity at Nikko, or because Kasuga-2 and Daikoku were recently colonized.
Biology and ecology
S. thermophilus spend most of their time on the sea floor, moving forwards or backwards by undulating their bodies and sometimes burying themselves completely in the substrate. They seem to be attracted to loose sediments, probably related to the uncovering of food, and often congregate in pits. The fish frequently rest atop one another without reaction.
The vent communities that co-occur with S. thermophilus differs greatly between seamounts. They co-occur with large numbers of the snail Oenopota ogasawaarna at the Daikoku Seamount, and with the abundant shrimp Opaepele loihi at the Nikko Seamount. They also frequently occur with the crab Austinograea yunohana, which are found at Nikko, Daikoku, and Kasuga-2. Large bythograeid crabs have been observed attempting attacks on the fish, though not successfully. S. thermophilus likely experiences little to no predation pressure, which coupled with the high food biomass available allows their high densities.
The affinity of this species for native sulfur has yet to be explained. The morphology of S. thermophilus does not show any differences from other deepwater Symphurus species that would suggest adaptations to its unique habitat. However, S. thermophilus likely possesses extensive physiological and biochemical adaptations for coping with the harsh conditions around hydrothermal vents, such as temperature and pH fluctuations, and exposure to heavy metals. In particular, they must have high hemoglobin oxygen affinities and efficient respiratory systems to deal with the toxic hydrogen sulfide in venting fluid. S. thermophilus is also capable of tolerating pH as low as 2, akin to sulfuric acid, and can rest over pools of molten sulfur without harm. Individuals of S. thermophilus often show skeletal abnormalities such as undeveloped fin rays or fused bones, likely attributable to the vent environment.
Feeding habits and diet
S. thermophilus are particularly active in their search for infaunal prey on sediments. To create space in their stomachs for additional food intake, they expel any ingested sediment either via their gills or gut upon spotting their prey.
Based on the fatty acid composition and stable carbon isotope ratios in tissues of S. thermophilus found on the Mariana Arc, there is evidence that the fish ingest material that originated in the photic zone. At Daikoku seamounts, fatty acid composition of S. thermophilus suggest that food webs were more based on chemosynthesis than at other seamounts in the Mariana Arc.
The diet of S. thermophilus varies significantly from seamount to seamount, with the only constant being polychaete worms, which are most important for individuals on Daikoku and Volcano-1 Seamounts. Other populations feed predominantly on crustaceans; the main prey item of S. thermophilus on the Nikko Seamount is the alvinocaridid shrimp Opaepele loihi, and on the Kasuga-2 Seamount they eat mostly palaemonid shrimp. The fish at these sites appear to be "sit and wait" predators, preying on slow-moving shrimp that wander too close. By contrast, the fish at the Daikoku Seamount seem to be more active, opportunistic foragers; they do not eat many crustaceans and have been observed scavenging on dying fish that fall to the bottom after coming into contact with the volcanic plumes. Snails and sponge spicules have also been found in the stomachs of a few individuals, and in captivity they are known to consume any food offered to them. The large numbers of S. thermophilus found on sulfur crusts where there are no obvious prey items may feed directly on filaments of chemosynthetic bacteria. If so, this would represent a hitherto unknown behavior for vent fish species.
Reproduction and development
Reproduction is oviparous, with females releasing buoyant eggs measuring 0.9 mm in diameter. The developmental speed of the eggs increases with temperature: they hatch in one day at 26 °C, in 3 days at 20 °C, and in 14 days at 12 °C. The newly hatched fry are initially sustained by a yolk sac, and have a completely developed mouth, eyes, and digestive system by 7 days of age. The migration of the eyes begins after 30 days.
Compared to other flatfish, S. thermophilus is slow-growing and long-lived, with a lifespan upwards of 10 years. Growth differs between populations, due to availability of food and consequent activity level. Over half their growth in length is accomplished in the first three years, with the growth rate slowing down afterwards. Both sexes likely attain sexual maturity at around 4.4 cm long and one year of age.
|
WIKI
|
List of presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
This is a list of the Presiding Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States. Initially the position of Presiding Bishop rotated geographically. After 1795 the Presiding Bishop was the senior bishop in order of consecration. Starting in 1926, the office became elective, the Presiding Bishop being chosen at General Convention by vote by all bishops, and approved by the House of Deputies. The office now has a nine-year term. Since 1938 the Presiding Bishop has been required to resign his or her former diocese after accepting election.
|
WIKI
|
Parra, Goa
Parra is a village on the outskirts of Mapusa town Bardez sub-district, North Goa, India. It has traditionally been known as a village that has grown luscious watermelons. In recent times, the village is facing considerable urbanisation and social change.
Location
It is close to the town of Mapusa and the villages of Saligao, Calangute, Assagao, Anjuna and Vagator. And has rice fields
Village church
The Parra church is dedicated to St. Anne. According to José Lourenço, the Parra church, dedicated to St. Anne (Santa Ana or Santana), was built in 1649 and its feast is celebrated on the Sunday on or after July 26 each. year. By way of history, the rectorate of St Anne was established to cover the villages of Parra, Canca and Verla, all adjoining villages in the same locality. Earlier, the village was affiliated to the Nagoa Church, in another adjoining village. The first church was destroyed in 1683, but rebuilt with a vault in 1688. Its cemetery is said to have a "fine Rococo facade". This church is built in the Mannerist Neo-Roman style. It is of large size with three bays and three storeys. A gable wall is visible behind the frontispiece. There are twin bell turrets which have "pagoda like" roofs. The finials are of a spear type. A curved pediment crowns the apex. There is a large porch with arched openings which has a flat roof with a balustrade.
History
The Parra Church was earlier home to the Franciscan Rectorate of St Anne. It covered the neighbouring villages of Parra, Cança and Verla, and was established between 1650 and 1653. It was initially affiliated to the Parish of Nagoa.
Parra's first church was burnt down by the Marathas in 1683, and rebuilt in 1688, as currently existing.
Religious orders
Parra is today home to a number of religious Orders and congregations of religious women. These include:
* Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), based at the Don Bosco Youth Welfare Centre, Naikavaddo.
* Society of the Catholic Apostolate of Pallottines (SAC), at the Villa de Palloti, Silva Waddo.
* Franciscan Sisters of St Mary of the Angels at Jyoti Nivas, D'Mello Vaddo Canca.
* Fatima Sisters, at Pereira Social Welfare Centre, Colcondem, Verla and at Xavier Dhaam, Colcondem, Verla.
Other institutions include chapels without chaplains in the parish:
* Our Lady of the Rosary Chapel, Verla
* Our Lady of Piety Chapel, Parra
Village structure
Parra covers a fairly vast land area, but most of it is agricultural land with pockets of residential land. A resident of Parra is popularly known as a "Porrikar". Parra used to be famous for sweet, red watermelons.
Issues linked to Parra
A controversy broke out in 2019 over "cleanliness tax" imposed on tourists clicking photographs on one of the scenic roads of the village. Meanwhile, a court case emerged over the lack of footpaths following the expansion of the Parra-Mapusa main road in Parra.
Connection with former CM
Former Goa chief minister and ex-Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar was a most notable person who traced his ancestral roots to Parra, as reflected in his surname.
Trivia
Parra's Catholic population is estimated at 4000, and the Feast of St Anne Church is celebrated on the Sunday that falls on or after July 26 each year.
Parra's PIN (postal index number) code is 403510.
|
WIKI
|
Experimental constraints on crystallization differentiation in a deep magma ocean
M. J. Walter, E. Nakamura, R. G. Trønnes, D. J. Frost
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
79 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Major and trace element mineral/melt partition coefficients are presented for phases on the liquidus of fertile peridotite at 23-23.5 GPa and 2300 °C. Partitioning models, based on lattice-strain theory, are developed for cations in the '8-fold' sites of majorite and Mg-perovskite. Composition-dependant partitioning models are made for cations in the 12-fold site of Ca-perovskite based on previously published data. D min/melt is extremely variable for many elements in Ca-perovskite and highly correlated with certain melt compositional parameters (e.g. CaO and Al 2O3 contents). The 8-fold sites in Mg-perovskite and majorite generally have ideal site radii between 0.8 and 0.9 Å for trivalent cations, such that among rare-earth-elements (REE) D min/melt is maximum for Lu. Lighter REE become increasingly incompatible with increasing ionic radii. The 12-fold site in Ca-perovskite is larger and has an ideal trivalent site radius of ∼1.05 Å, such that the middle REE has the maximum D min/melt. Trivalent cations are generally compatible to highly compatible in Ca-perovskite giving it considerable leverage in crystallization models. Geochemical models based on these phase relations and partitioning results are used to test for evidence in mantle peridotite of preserved signals of crystal differentiation in a deep, Hadean magma ocean. Model compositions for bulk silicate Earth and convecting mantle are constructed and evaluated. The model compositions for primitive convecting mantle yield superchondritic Mg/Si and Ca/Al ratios, although many refractory lithophile element ratios are near chondritic. Major element mass balance calculations effectively preclude a CI-chondritic bulk silicate Earth composition, and the super-chondritic Mg/Si ratio of the mantle is apparently a primary feature. Mass balance calculations indicate that 10-15% crystal fractionation of an assemblage dominated by Mg-perovskite, but with minor amounts of Ca-perovskite and ferropericlase, from a magma ocean with model peridotite-based bulk silicate Earth composition produces a residual magma that resembles closely the convecting mantle. Partition coefficient based crystal fractionation models are developed that track changes in refractory lithophile major and trace element ratios in the residual magma (e.g. convecting mantle). Monomineralic crystallization of majorite or Mg-perovskite is limited to less than 5% before certain ratios fractionate beyond convecting mantle values. Only trace amounts of Ca-perovskite can be tolerated in isolation due to its remarkable ability to fractionate lithophile elements. Indeed, Ca-perovskite is limited to only a few percent in a deep mantle crystal assemblage. Removal from a magma ocean of approximately 13% of a deep mantle assemblage comprised of Mg-perovskite, Ca-perovskite and ferropericlase in the proportions 93:3:4 produces a residual magma with a superchondritic Ca/Al ratio matching that of the model convecting mantle. This amount of crystal separation generates fractionations in other refractory lithophile elements ratios that generally mimic those observed in the convecting mantle. Further, the residual magma is expected to have subchondritic Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. Modeling shows that up to 15% crystal separation of the deep mantle assemblage from an early magma ocean could have yielded a convecting mantle reservoir with 143 Nd/ 144 Nd and 176 177 Hf isotopic compositions that remain internal to the array observed for modern oceanic volcanic rocks. If kept in isolation, the residual magma and deep crystal piles would grow model isotopic compositions that are akin to enriched mantle 1 (EM1) and HIMU reservoirs, respectively, in Nd-Hf isotopic space.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)4267-4284
Number of pages18
JournalGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Volume68
Issue number20
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 15 2004
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Geochemistry and Petrology
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Experimental constraints on crystallization differentiation in a deep magma ocean'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Peloton stock falls after BMO turns bearish
Shares of Peloton Interactive Inc. are off 2.6% in premarket trading Monday after BMO Capital Markets analyst Simeon Siegel downgraded the stock to underperform from market perform. "We expect strong stay-at-home related 2H sales," he wrote, as the company's fiscal year ends in June. "However, with the shares +70% from recent lows, so does everyone else, and we worry that accelerating member growth will prove a pull- forward of demand, rather than an expansion of it." He also worries that the company's less expensive digital-only subscription is "too good" relative to the more expensive connected fitness subscription that links up with users' Peloton exercise equipment. Siegel has a $26 target price on the shares, which have added 5.7% over the past three months as the S&P 500 has lost 13.7%.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Page:Gillies plastic surgery 1920.djvu/119
100 PLASTIC SURGERY
This sergeant was admitted in a healed condition. There was partial loss of the pre-maxilla, and loss of more than half of the upper lip, together with an ugly twisting of the nose, and depression of the tip. This patient was operated on four months after the receipt of his wound. It will be noticed in the appended operation notes that he developed bronchitis after the operation. Therefore the failure to get a really satisfactory result may well be put down to this trouble, as the coughing which followed undoubtedly prejudiced the union of the flaps. Three weeks after this operation the patient, when at a Convalescent Hospital, developed septic pneumonia, from which he recovered slowly.
Although the record number is a late one, this was one of my early cases, and it brought home to me the necessity for some different form of anaesthesia from that usually employed in mouth cases, and in those of chin and upper lip in particular. In the pages on anaesthesia this matter is fully dealt with. A fairly satisfactory result was obtained from an aesthetic point of view, and, functionally, it was good. It should be remarked,
however, that a secondary deformity of the lower lip was produced. Since the date on which the last illustration, fig. 161, was taken, this sergeant has done a year's duty with Home troops. Details of operations on this case follow :
22.6.16. Operation. Formation of upper lip. The flap of skin and mucous membrane representing the remains of the upper lip was dissected out from left nostril, and by an incision parallel to the lip margin the flap was brought over towards the right to meet two flaps from the right side which were separated by a piece of excised scar. The lower of these flaps was a small one, containing the angle of the mouth. Result : The dental shield for the new lip which had been made was not tolerated by the patient, who had some bronchitis after the operation. A certain amount of breaking down occurred at the junction, and owing to the absence of intra-oral apparatus the new lip became adherent to the alveolus of the upper jaw. Apparatus for distending of lip after division
|
WIKI
|
Gansbach
Gansbach is a small town and centre of the municipality of Dunkelsteinerwald in Melk District, Lower Austria in northeastern Austria. It lies several kilometres inland from the Danube. To the west and north of the settlement is the Wachau valley. The parish church probably originates from the 14th century. The side altar piece of the famous painter Kremser Schmidt and the high altarpiece, which was painted by one of his students are of note.
|
WIKI
|
Talk:Glenn Anthony May
Deletion nomination
I believe this article should be deleted because the subject is not notable. Andrew Olivo Parodi (talk) 03:58, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
* The article was kept: Articles for deletion/Glenn Anthony May. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 17:55, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Buddenbrock
The Buddenbrock family is the a Baltic German noble family of Hanseatic origin, whose members occupied significant positions in Prussia, Courland and Sweden.
History
First written record of the Buddenbrock family dates back to 14th century. In 1620, the family members became part of Courland nobility, while in 1729, they became part of Swedish nobility. Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock was awarded with the hereditary title of Baron in 1731 by King Frederick I of Sweden. The family was also awarded with the title of Baron in Prussia, by Frederick William II of Prussia. This title was recognized again on February 28, 1885 by William I, German Emperor.
Notable members
* Wilhelm Dietrich von Buddenbrock (1672–1757), Prussian cavalry leader
* Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock (1685–1743), Swedish baron and lieutenant general who was executed after the Battle of Villmanstrand
* Gustav Freiherr von Buddenbrock, Prussian general
|
WIKI
|
Olajumoke Bodunrin
Olajumoke Bodunrin (born 7 February 1945) is a retired Nigerian sprinter. Regarded as "Africa's fastest woman" during her career, Olajumoke claimed gold at the 1965 All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Congo before going on to represent Nigeria at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico.
|
WIKI
|
-- General Healthcare Forced to Take Fee Cut, Sunday Telegraph Says
General Healthcare Group, the U.K.’s
biggest private hospital operator, has been forced to accept a
cut in fees from health-care group Bupa of as much as 6 percent,
the Sunday Telegraph said, without citing anyone. General Healthcare, with 2.3 billion-pound debts ($3.6
billion), is facing pressure to restructure part of its loans,
the newspaper reported today, without saying where it had got
its information. The private hospital operator generates enough cash to
cover all its capital needs, the paper said, citing Stephen Collier, its chief executive officer. He didn’t comment on the
reduction of fees, between three and six percent, that was
forced on the company by Bupa, the newspaper reported. General Healthcare was “very pleased” about the three-
year agreement it signed with Bupa, the newspaper cited Collier
as saying. For Related News and Information: To contact the reporter on this story:
Rob Sheridan in London at
rsheridan6@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Alaric Nightingale at
anightingal1@bloomberg.net
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
List of communities in Manitoba
Communities in the Province of Manitoba, Canada include incorporated municipalities, unincorporated communities and First Nations communities.
Types of incorporated municipalities include urban municipalities, rural municipalities and local government districts. Urban municipalities can be named as cities, towns, villages or simply urban municipalities.
The administration of urban and rural municipalities is regulated by The Municipal Act. Some municipalities have since amalgamated, making this list inaccurate.
In the 2011 Census, Manitoba's communities combined for a total provincial population of 1,208,268.
Urban municipalities
Manitoba has 79 urban municipalities, which includes the sub-types of cities, towns and villages.
Cities
Manitoba has 10 cities.
Towns
Manitoba has 25 towns.
Villages
Manitoba has 2 villages. The second section of this table shows places that are no longer villages, but that were villages just before their reclassification in 2015 (or in some cases an earlier date).
Rural municipalities
Manitoba has 116 rural municipalities.
Local government districts
Manitoba has two local government districts.
Unincorporated communities
* Alonsa
* Angusville
* Anola
* Argyle
* Ashern
* Ashville
* Aubigny
* Austin
* Badger
* Bakers Narrows
* Balaton Beach
* Baldur
* Bender
* Bender Hamlet
* Berlo
* Birch River
* Birds Hill
* Blumenort
* Breezy Point
* Brereton Lake
* Brochet
* Brunkild
* Bruxelles
* Caliento
* Camper
* Camperville
* Chater
* Chortitz
* Clearwater
* Cottonwoods
* Cormorant
* Cranberry Portage
* Cromer
* Cross Lake
* Cypress River
* Dennis Lake
* Domain
* Dominion City
* Douglas
* Duck Bay
* Dugald
* Easterville
* East Selkirk
* Elie
* Elgin
* Elm Creek
* Elma
* Elphinstone
* Eriksdale
* Erinview
* Falcon Lake
* Fisher Branch
* Fisherton
* Forrest
* Fort Alexander
* Foxwarren
* Fraserwood
* Friedensfeld
* Friedensfeld West
* Friedensruh
* Garden Hill
* Gardenton
* Garson
* Gimli
* Glass
* Glenlea
* Gods Lake Narrows
* Gods River
* Goose Creek
* Gretna, Manitoba
* Grand Marais
* Grosse Isle
* Grunthal
* Gull Harbour
* Gunton
* Gypsumville
* Hadashville
* Hecla
* Hecla Village
* Hnausa
* Hochfeld
* Hodgson
* Holland
* Husavik
* Île-des-Chênes
* Ilford
* Inwood
* Isabella
* Island Lake
* Jackhead
* Kemnay
* Kenville
* Kenton
* Killarney
* Kleefeld
* Komarno
* La Broquerie
* La Riviere
* Lac Brochet
* Landmark
* Lester Beach
* Letellier
* Libau
* Lido Plage
* Lilyfield
* Little Grand Rapids
* Lockport
* Lorette
* Lundar
* Lundar Beach
* MacGregor
* Malonton
* Marchand
* Matlock
* Meadow Lea
* Meadows
* Meleb
* Miami
* Miklavik
* Moose Lake
* Narcisse
* Neelin
* New Bothwell
* Nelson House
* Ninette
* Norris Lake
* Norway House
* Oakbank
* Oak Bluff
* Oakburn
* Oakville
* Olha
* Onanole
* Oswald
* Oxford House
* Pierson
* Pikwitonei
* Piney
* Pipestone
* Prawda
* Pukatawagan
* Red Sucker Lake
* Reinfeld
* Rembrandt
* Reston
* Richer
* Riding Mountain
* River Hills
* Roland
* Rosser
* Sandy Hook
* Siglavik
* Southport
* St. Adolphe
* St. Boniface
* St. Georges
* St. François Xavier
* St. James
* St. Jean Baptiste
* St. Laurent
* St. Malo
* St. Martin Junction
* St. Theresa Point
* Sandy Bay
* Sandy Lake
* Sanford
* Seven Sisters
* Shamattawa
* Sherridon
* Shilo
* Shoal Lake
* Silver
* South Indian Lake
* South Junction
* Sperling
* Split Lake
* Sprague
* Sprucewoods
* Starbuck
* Steep Rock
* Steep Rock Junction
* Stony Mountain
* Stuartburn
* Sundance
* Sundown
* Tadoule Lake
* Teulon
* Treesbank
* Tolstoi
* Tyndall
* Vassar
* Vista
* Vita
* Waasagomach
* Wabowden
* Wanless
* Warren
* West St. Paul
* Whitemouth
* Winnipeg
* Winnipeg Beach
* Woodlands
* Woodroyd
* Whytewold
* York Factory
* York Landing
* Zbaraz
* Zhoda
Hamlets
Four unincorporated places in Manitoba are designated as hamlets.
* Howden
* Vogar
* Waldersee
* Wanless
Northern communities
Manitoba recognizes 57 unincorporated places as northern communities.
* Aghaming
* Baden
* Barrows
* Berens River
* Big Black River
* Bissett
* Brochet
* Camperville
* Cormorant
* Crane River
* Cross Lake
* Dallas
* Dauphin River
* Dawson Bay
* Duck Bay
* Fisher Bay
* Fisher River
* Gods Lake Narrows
* Granville Lake
* Harwill
* Herb Lake Landing
* Homebrook
* Ilford
* Island Lake
* Little Bullhead
* Little Grand Rapids
* Long Body Creek
* Loon Straits
* Mallard
* Manigotagan
* Matheson Island
* Meadow Portage
* Moose Lake
* National Mills
* Nelson House
* Norway House
* Oxford House
* Pelican Rapids
* Pikwitonei
* Pine Dock
* Poplarville
* Powell
* Princess Harbour
* Red Deer Lake
* Red Rose
* Red Sucker Lake
* Rock Ridge
* Salt Point
* Seymourville
* Sherridon
* South Indian Lake
* Spence Lake
* St. Theresa Point
* Thicket Portage
* Wabowden
* Warren Landing
* Waterhen
* Westgate
Settlements
Manitoba recognizes 12 unincorporated places as settlements.
* Big Eddy
* Grande Pointe
* Manigotagan
* Manitoba House
* Norway House
* Oak Island
* Oak Point
* Pasquia
* Pine Creek
* Rat River
* St. Malo
* Westbourne
|
WIKI
|
2018–19 SDHL season
The 2018–19 SDHL Season was the 12th season of the Swedish Women's Hockey League. The season began in September 2018 and ended in February 2019.
Luleå HF/MSSK were the regular season champions for the fourth season in a row, and defeated Linköping HC 3–2 in the playoff finals to be crowned playoff champions for the third time in the last four years. Göteborg HC and SDE Hockey finished at the bottom of the table, but were able to avoid relegation to Damettan in the playoffs to the SDHL.
Partnerships
Prior to the beginning of the season, German company Axelent announced that they would redirect their sponsorship of HV71 away from the Champions Hockey League and towards HV71's women's side, after the men's side failed to qualify for the CHL.
Broadcasting
12 regular season games were broadcast live by C More.
Pre-season
From 30 August to 2 September, the Damcup Umeå exhibition tournament was held in Umeå, in northern Sweden, between Luleå HF/MSSK, Modo Hockey, Damettan team IF Björklöven, and the Japanese national team. Luleå were crowned winners of the tournament after winning all three of their games.
At the end of September, the first Champions Cup was held in New Jersey between Luleå and the Metropolitan Riveters, the reigning NWHL champions. Luleå won the cup with a 4–2 victory, although the Riveters were missing a number of players due to injuries.
Post-season
On 31 March 2019, the Canadian Women's Hockey League announced that it was folding. In response, the league's players announced a strike movement titled ForTheGame, which led to the creation of the PWHPA. On 10 May, Kelty Apperson became the first ForTheGame player to sign a contract in Sweden, joining SDE Hockey.
In July 2019, it was announced that the 2019 4 Nations Cup was due to be held in Luleå. In September, the Cup was cancelled due to the uncertainty surrounding the Swedish players' strike as well as the events in North America.
Standings
Each team played 36 regular season games, with three points being awarded for winning in regulation time, two points for winning in overtime or shootout, one point for losing in overtime or shootout, and zero points for losing in regulation time. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points is crowned the league champion.
|
WIKI
|
Validea's Top Consumer Discretionary Stocks Based On Joel Greenblatt - 8/10/2023
The following are the top rated Consumer Discretionary stocks according to Validea's Earnings Yield Investor model based on the published strategy of Joel Greenblatt. This value model looks for companies with high return on capital and earnings yields.
SHUTTERSTOCK INC (SSTK) is a small-cap value stock in the Motion Pictures industry. The rating according to our strategy based on Joel Greenblatt is 70% based on the firm’s underlying fundamentals and the stock’s valuation. A score of 80% or above typically indicates that the strategy has some interest in the stock and a score above 90% typically indicates strong interest.
Company Description: Shutterstock, Inc. (Shutterstock) is a provider of a global creative platform for transformative brands and media companies. The Company's offerings are distributed to customers in various ranges of brands, including Splash News, Pond5, TurboSquid, Offset, PremiumBeat, Bigstock, PicMonkey, and Shutterstock Studios. Its Shutterstock brand includes various content types and offerings, such as images, footage, music, three-dimensional (3D), and creative design software. The Company's Splash News brand is an entertainment news agency for newsrooms and media companies worldwide. The Pond5 brand is a video marketplace. The TurboSquid brand is a 3D content marketplace. The PicMonkey brand is an online graphic design and image editing platform. The Offset brand is a high-end image collection. The Shutterstock Studios brand is an end-to-end custom creative shop. The PremiumBeat brand is a curated royalty-free music library. The Bigstock brand is engaged in stock media offering.
The following table summarizes whether the stock meets each of this strategy's tests. Not all criteria in the below table receive equal weighting or are independent, but the table provides a brief overview of the strong and weak points of the security in the context of the strategy's criteria.
EARNINGS YIELD: NEUTRAL
RETURN ON TANGIBLE CAPITAL: NEUTRAL
FINAL RANKING: FAIL
Detailed Analysis of SHUTTERSTOCK INC
SSTK Guru Analysis
SSTK Fundamental Analysis
ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC (ATGE) is a small-cap growth stock in the Schools industry. The rating according to our strategy based on Joel Greenblatt is 60% based on the firm’s underlying fundamentals and the stock’s valuation. A score of 80% or above typically indicates that the strategy has some interest in the stock and a score above 90% typically indicates strong interest.
Company Description: Adtalem Global Education Inc. is a healthcare educator and workforce solutions. The Company operates through three segments: Chamberlain, Walden, and Medical and Veterinary. The Chamberlain segment offers degree and non-degree programs in the nursing postsecondary education industry and includes the operations of Chamberlain University. The Walden segment offers online certificates, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, including nursing, education, counseling, business, psychology, public health, social work and human services, public administration and public policy, and criminal justice and includes the operations of Walden University. The Medical and Veterinary segment offers degree and non-degree programs in the medical and veterinary postsecondary education industry and includes the operations of the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine (AUC), Ross University School of Medicine (RUSM), and Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM).
The following table summarizes whether the stock meets each of this strategy's tests. Not all criteria in the below table receive equal weighting or are independent, but the table provides a brief overview of the strong and weak points of the security in the context of the strategy's criteria.
EARNINGS YIELD: NEUTRAL
RETURN ON TANGIBLE CAPITAL: NEUTRAL
FINAL RANKING: FAIL
Detailed Analysis of ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC
ATGE Guru Analysis
ATGE Fundamental Analysis
FRONTDOOR INC (FTDR) is a mid-cap growth stock in the Business Services industry. The rating according to our strategy based on Joel Greenblatt is 60% based on the firm’s underlying fundamentals and the stock’s valuation. A score of 80% or above typically indicates that the strategy has some interest in the stock and a score above 90% typically indicates strong interest.
Company Description: Frontdoor, Inc. is a provider of home service plans in the United States. The Company operates under the brands American Home Shield, HSA, OneGuard and Landmark Home Warranty. Its customizable home service plans help customers protect and maintain their homes and assets from costly and unplanned breakdowns of home systems and appliances, including electrical, plumbing, central heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, water heaters, refrigerators, dishwashers and ranges/ovens/cooktops, as well as optional coverages for electronics, pools, spas and pumps. Its plan covers the repair or replacement of components of home systems and appliances. Its operations also include its ProConnect, an on-demand membership service for home repairs and maintenance, and Streem, a technology platform that uses augmented reality, computer vision and machine learning to, among other things, help home service professionals more quickly and accurately diagnose breakdowns and complete repairs.
The following table summarizes whether the stock meets each of this strategy's tests. Not all criteria in the below table receive equal weighting or are independent, but the table provides a brief overview of the strong and weak points of the security in the context of the strategy's criteria.
EARNINGS YIELD: NEUTRAL
RETURN ON TANGIBLE CAPITAL: NEUTRAL
FINAL RANKING: FAIL
Detailed Analysis of FRONTDOOR INC
FTDR Guru Analysis
FTDR Fundamental Analysis
Joel Greenblatt Portfolio
Top Joel Greenblatt Stocks
About Joel Greenblatt: In his 2005 bestseller The Little Book That Beats The Market, hedge fund manager Joel Greenblatt laid out a stunningly simple way to beat the market using two -- and only two -- fundamental variables. The "Magic Formula," as he called it, produced back-tested returns of 30.8 percent per year from 1988 through 2004, more than doubling the S&P 500's 12.4 percent return during that time. Greenblatt also produced exceptional returns as managing partner at Gotham Capital, a New York City-based hedge fund he founded. The firm averaged a remarkable 40 percent annualized return over more than two decades.
About Validea: Validea is aninvestment researchservice that follows the published strategies of investment legends. Validea offers both stock analysis and model portfolios based on gurus who have outperformed the market over the long-term, including Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, Peter Lynch and Martin Zweig. For more information about Validea, click here
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Citations:of a truth
* 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. IV, Happy
* Of a truth, if man were not a poor hungry dastard, and even much of a blockhead withal, he would cease criticising his victuals to such extent; and criticise himself rather, what he does with his victuals!
|
WIKI
|
Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 8.djvu/59
THE FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL OUTLOOK OF ITALY.
IT is an undeniable fact that foreigners in general and English- speaking peoples in particular are too often prone to overlook the real aspect and the true tendencies of modern Italian life. The highly cultured foreigner of superior taste finds it almost impossible to think of Italy in any other light than as the home of Dante, Michelangelo, Raphael, and the other great masters of art and literature who, by their everlasting work, have enlight- ened even the darkest pages of Italian history. On the other hand, to the average middle-class foreigner, who has probably only traveled through Italy on a Cook excursion ticket, the name of Italy is most likely to suggest the familiar figure of the bootblack or the organ-grinder seen in his own country, or the romantic silhouette of the brigante or the lazzarone, a creation of cheap literature. To both these types of foreigners a dis- cussion of the financial and industrial outlook of Italy might seem, for various reasons, devoid of practical bearing. The truth is that they both have a false and incorrect notion of Italy. There is something else in Italy besides the art galleries, the ruins of Pompeii, and the prolific though somewhat primitive peasantry from which our emigration is chiefly derived. This something is " the real nation " a growing community of active, enterprising, high-spirited citizens, who are fully alive to the exigencies of our time and are not lost in a Buddhistic con- templation of the past, however glorious. They are the true representatives of the country in its younger energies. In spite of obstacles arising from scantiness of natural resources and from social conditions created by centuries of misgovernment, oppression, and political disruption, they are striving to build up a modern Italy on the lines of industrial and commercial activity which have made other nations successful in the world's compe- tition.
47
|
WIKI
|
Devendra Raj Kandel
Devendra Raj Kandel (born March 19, 1957, in Rampurwa) is a Nepalese politician, former minister, and serving as the Member of House Of Representatives (Nepal) elected from Nawalparasi-4, Province No. 5. He is the member of Nepali Congress. He is also elected as chairman of the management committee of a college in India.
|
WIKI
|
Chester Porter MOSS and James Hargrove, Plaintiffs, v. CRAWFORD & COMPANY, a corporation, Defendant.
No. 98-1350, 212.
United States District Court, W.D. Pennsylvania.
Sept. 21, 2000.
Joseph E. Fieschko, Jr., Pittsburgh, PA, John R. Linkosky, Carnegie, PA, for plaintiffs.
Robert H. Buckler, Robert C. Stevens, Benjamin D. Briggs, Tangía L. Fudge, Dena H. Sokolow, Robert D. Howell, Troutman Sanders, Judd F. Osten, Crawford & Company, Atlanta, GA, Richard L. Rosenzweig, Gaea, Matis, Baum & Rizza, Pittsburgh, PA, for defendant.
OPINION
CAIAZZA, United States Magistrate Judge.
Currently before the court is the Motion to Decertify Class filed by the defendant Crawford & Company (Crawford) at document number two hundred and twelve. Before proceeding into the substance of Crawford’s motion, the court will briefly review the convoluted history of this lawsuit.
A. Procedural History
On August 12,1998, Plaintiff Chester Porter Moss initiated this lawsuit under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 29 U.S.C.A. § 201 et seq., to recover unpaid overtime compensation from Crawford for his work during the clean-up of the Ashland oil spill and Exxon Valdez oil spill. (Doc. No. 1.) His Complaint did not demand a jury trial. (Id.) Moss also filed a Motion for Class Certification pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 on November 9, 1998. (Doc. No. 3.) On December 9, 1998, United States District Court Judge Donald J. Lee denied the plaintiffs Motion for Class Certification pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23. (Doc. No. 11.) On December 17, 1998, Judge Lee consolidated the lawsuit filed by James Hargrove (Hargrove) at 98-CV-1610 with Moss’ lawsuit and designated civil action number 98-1350 as the lead case for both plaintiffs. (Doc. No. 16.) The parties consented to a trial before a Magistrate Judge on January 5, 1999. (Doc. No. 20.)
On February 3, 1999, the plaintiffs filed a Motion to Permit and Facilitate Notice of Pending Class Action under 29 U.S.C.A. § 216(b). (Doc. No. 23.) On May 5,1999, the court originally denied the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification under § 216(b) because they failed to establish the factors outlined by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Third Circuit) in Lockhart v. Westinghouse Credit Corp., 879 F.2d 43, 51 (3d Cir.1989), overruled in part on other grounds by Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins, 507 U.S. 604, 113 S.Ct. 1701, 123 L.Ed.2d 338 (1993). (Doc. No. 63.)
On September 14, 1999, the court resolved the statute of limitations and exemption issues raised in the plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment filed at document number twenty-six and in Crawford’s Motion for Summary Judgment filed at document number twenty-nine. Judge Lee’s Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in a related case, Sonnier v. Crawford & Company, Civ. A. No. 94-1755, aff'd No. 97-3096 (3d Cir. October 29, 1997), cert. denied 523 U.S. 1107, 118 S.Ct. 1676, 140 L.Ed.2d 814 (1998), were relevant to the resolution of both issues. Significantly, in Sonnier, Judge Lee concluded that Crawford’s failure to post the required FLSA notices in its Exxon Valdez and Ashland oil spill offices tolled the running of the statute of limitations. On appeal, the Third Circuit affirmed Judge Lee’s conclusion by specifically noting that Crawford had not produced any audit records to verify the posting of any FLSA notices. Consequently, the court applied Judge Lee’s conclusions to this lawsuit through non-mutual offensive collateral estoppel and determined that Moss and Hargrove’s FLSA claims were not barred by the two year statute of limitations set forth in 29 U.S.C.A. § 255(a). (Doc. No. 71.) The court also denied the parties’ respective motions on the administrative exemption issue because there were outstanding factual issues with respect to the plaintiffs’ duties and responsibilities. (Id.)
Upon Crawford’s Motion for Reconsideration, the court clarified its ruling on the statute of limitations issue. (Doc. No. 75 and 92.) Because Judge Lee’s conclusions were limited to pre-September 1993 events, the court permitted Crawford to raise the statute of limitations defense with respect to circumstances that occurred after September 1993. (Doc. No. 92.) The court also allowed Crawford to inquire into the plaintiffs’ personal knowledge of their FLSA rights because Sonnier’s conclusions of law did not address that issue. (Doc. No. 92.)
On October 28, 1999, Moss and Hargrove filed a Motion to Certify under 29 U.S.C.A. § 216(b). (Doc. No. 86.) After reviewing the affidavits filed with the motion, the court preliminarily certified an opt-in class of monitors, adjusters and invoice reviewers who were not compensated with overtime wages for their work in the Exxon Valdez and Ash-land oil spills. (Doc. No. 94.) Again, Crawford challenged the court’s ruling through another Motion for Reconsideration. (Doc. No. 99.) In a Memorandum Order filed on December 30, 1999, the court explained that the court made a conditional certification pursuant to the two step analysis established in Lusardi v. Xerox Corp., 118 F.R.D. 351 (D.N.J.1987) mandamus granted in part, appeal dismissed, Lusardi v. Lechner, 855 F.2d 1062 (3d Cir.1988), vacated in part, modified in part, and remanded, Lusardi v. Xerox Corp., 122 F.R.D. 463 (D.N.J.1988), aff'd in part, appeal dismissed, Lusardi v. Xerox Corp., 975 F.2d 964 (3d Cir.1992), and that Crawford would have the opportunity to file a motion to- decertify the class after the parties had completed discovery. (Doc. No. 108.)
The parties bickered over the language of the notification letter, and after the court intervened, an appropriate notice was sent to prospective members class. Seventy-four individuals filed opt-in consent forms with the court. After deposing twenty-four class members, Crawford filed its Motion to Decertify on April 5, 2000. In this motion the defendant argues that this lawsuit can not proceed as a collective action because: (1) the plaintiffs’ job duties and pay provisions differ; (2) Hargrove’s separate claims undermine the purpose of a collective action; and (3) the exemption and statute of limitations defense precludes resolution of the plaintiffs’ claims on a class wide basis. (See Doc. No. 212.)
B. Facts
Crawford’s primary business is insurance adjustment and risk management. (Def.’s Br. in Supp. of Mot. to Decertify Class at 4.) Its Catastrophe Division (CAT) responds to natural and man-made disasters by assisting insurance companies with liability claims and clean-up programs. (Id.) Crawford’s main office is in Atlanta, Georgia and it maintains temporary offices at each catastrophe site. (Id.)
The defendant classifies its CAT employees as either core members or non-core employees. (Id. at 5.) Both core members and non-core employees work at catastrophe sites on short and long term assignments and may perform their work at a variety of locations including branch and temporary offices, insurance company offices, law firms, hotel rooms and leased facilities. (Id.) Core members are permanent employees who receive health and pension benefits. (Id.) They also receive a draw against their future earnings when they are not employed on a CAT project. (Id.) Before September 1993, core members received a monthly draw of $200.00. (PL’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. to Decertify Class, Doc. No. 225, at 4; See also Sonnier v. Crawford & Company, Civ. A. No. 94-1755 (W.D Pa. Jan. 28, 1997)) . In September 1993, Crawford began to guarantee core members a payment of $250.00 per week if they earned less than that amount on a project. (See Edmund v. Crawford & Company, Civ. A. No. 1:95-CV-1310-JOF (N.D. GA Atlanta Div. March 31, 1997)). In contrast, Crawford assigns non-core employees to projects on an “as needed” basis and does not provide them with benefits or a draw. (Def.’s Br. in Supp. of Mot. to Decertify Class at 5.)
The name and opt-in members each worked for Crawford as CAT adjusters on the Ashland and the Exxon Valdez projects. The Ashland oil spill occurred in January 1988 on the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Id. at 5 — 6.) Crawford’s involvement with the Ashland clean-up ended in 1991, (Id. at 6), and it first sent CAT adjusters to assist with the Exxon Valdez oil spill in early 1989. (Id.) Although some CAT adjusters performed work outside of Alaska through 1993, Crawford’s primary involvement with the Exxon Valdez project closed in 1991. (Id.)
Crawford paid its CAT employees a commission that was based upon the amount billed to the client. (Id. at 14; see also Sonnier v. Crawford & Company, Civ. A. No. 94-1755 (W.D Pa. Jan. 28, 1997) and Edmund v. Crawford & Company, Civ. A. No. 1:95-CV-1310-JOF (N.D. GA Atlanta Div. March 31, 1997)). It billed its clients in the Ashland and Exxon Valdez projects at different rates for each hour worked and then paid its employees 50% of the total amount billed. (Id.)
Below is a basic chart which identifies the names and certain basic information regarding each class member.
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
1. Jeffrey Archer Plaintiffs’ Contention: Invoice Reviewer. Exxon Valdez (Valdez and Anchorage locations) No
Defendant’s Contention: Invoice Reviewer and Adjuster. (Jeff Archer Dep. at 170,188)._
2. Joe Archer Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Ashland (Pittsburgh); Exxon Valdez (Seward and Valdez locations) No
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor and Invoice Reviewer (Joe Archer Dep. 86-88,107,110-11).
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
3. Larry Bain Adjuster. (Bain Exxon Valdez (Val- No Dep. 32). dez and Homer loca_tions)_
4. William Plaintiffs’ Conten- Exxon Valdez (Val- Yes after April 1990. Beecher tion: Adjuster. dez, Anchorage, Homer and Kenai locations)
Defendant’s Contention: Adjuster and Adjuster Supervisor. __(Beecher Dep. at 43)._
5. Kenneth Bitner Plaintiffs’ Conten- Exxon Valdez (An- Yes tion: Adjuster. chorage and Seattle locations)
Defendant’s Contention: Adjuster and Team Leader/Supervisor. (Bitner Dep. _69-70, 74-75).
6. Doug Branham Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor and Quality Control Supervisor. Ashland (Pittsburgh No and Stuebenville locations); Exxon Valdez (every location as a Quality Control Supervisor)
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor, Invoice Reviewer, Adjuster and Quality Control Supervisor. (Branham Dep. 92, _98,106,122).
7. Harold Butler Adjuster. (Butler Exxon Valdez (An- No Dep. 103). chorage, Kodiak and _Homer locations)_
8. Joseph Byrd Plaintiffs’ Conten- Exxon Valdez (Val- No tion: Monitor. dez and Anchorage locations)
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor and Invoice Reviewer (Byrd Dep. 33, 44-_46)._
9. James Carter Plaintiffs’Conten- Exxon Valdez (Val- No tion: Adjuster. dez and Kodiak locations)
Defendant’s Contention: Adjuster and Monitor (Carter _Dep. at 35, 85-88)._
10. Kelvin Carter Plaintiffs’ Conten- Plaintiffs’ Conten- Non-Core tion: Monitor. tion: Exxon Valdez
Defendant’s Conten- Defendant’s Conten- Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; tion: No evidence; tion: No evidence; _not deposed._not deposed._not deposed._
11. Terry Childers Plaintiffs’ Conten- Plaintiffs’ Conten- Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. tion: Exxon Valdez tion: No
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
12. Frank Claunch Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence;., not deposed (see Motion to Strike Deposition of Frank Claunch.)_ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed (see Motion to Strike). Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed (see Motion to Strike).
13. Charles Cunningham Adjuster. (Cunningham Pen. 31-34). Exxon Valdez (Anchorage location) No
14. Dennis Diehl Monitor. (Diehl Dep. 67, 90, 91). Exxon Valdez (Valdez and Seward locations)_ No
15. Lawrence Eason Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
16. Silton Fuselier Monitor. (Fuselier Dep. 38-42). Exxon Valdez (Cordova and Valdez locations)_ No
17. Sam Mickey Galloway Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
18. Raymond Scott Gammage Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
19. Ronald Glass Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster and Invoice Reviewer. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
20. Bryan Graves Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
21. Edwin Graves Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster and Supervisor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: Yes
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s tion: No evidence; not deposed._
22. William Hales Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: Yes
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
23. James Hargrove Plaintiffs’ Contention: Claims Supervisor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Ashland Yes
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
Defendant’s Contention: Claims Supervisor and Office Administrator (Hargrove Dep. 179-82). Defendant’s Contention: Hargrove is pursuing claims for Norco, Louisiana Project; Pasadena Texas Project; Buckeye Pipeline Project; Dupont Project; St. Louis, Missouri Project (1993); and North Ridge Earthquake Project and Ashland. (Hargrove Dep. 206-16, 222-25, 227-28, 240-44, 263-66, 270-m_
24. David Harpole Monitor (Harpole Dep. 108-09). Exxon Valdez (Artie Salvor, Valdez, EB2 barge, Anchorage and Whittier locations)_ No
25. ■ Lloyd Hebert Adjuster (69-72). Exxon Valdez (Anchorage, Cordova, Homer and Seward locations)_ No
26. Randal Hensley Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
27. Jacquez Hewlett Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
28. John Howard Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Ashland (Pittsburgh, PA and Stuebenville, Ohio locations) Yes
Defendant’s Contention: John Howard is deceased. Defendant deposed Howard’s spouse who had no knowledge of his duties. Other Plaintiffs have testified that Howard was an Adjuster. (Williams Dep. 146-47)._
29. Wayne Hutsell Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor, Adjuster and Invoice Reviewer. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
30. Gary Imboden Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
31. David Irons Adjuster. (Irons Den, at 50)._ Exxon Valdez (Valdez location)_ No
32. Jon Kallenberger Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Exxon Valdez (worked on barges, EB2) No
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor and Inventory Control Specialist (Kallenberger Pep. 53, 60.)
33. Gordon Ames Keller Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: 'No evidence; not deposed._
34. Jimmy King Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
35. Floyd King Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor and Monitor Supervisor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Ashland and Exxon Valdez Projects Plaintiffs’ Contention: Yes
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
36. Donald Lamb Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
37. Jerry Loudin Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Exxon Valdez (Valdez location and various barges) No
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor, Monitor Supervisor, Inventory Control Specialist and Inventory Control Specialist Supervisor (Loudin Dep. 72, 86-88. 99. 102-03).
38. Thomas Mannering Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
39. Robert Marquardt Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Exxon Valdez (Val- No dez, Anchorage and Kodiak, AK and Houston, TX locations)
Defendant’s Contention: Adjuster and
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
Researcher (Marquardt Dep. at 65, 68, 74-75)._
40. Ron Matthews Adjuster (Matthews Dep. at 88-9)._ Ashland (Pittsburgh location) _ Yes
41. Joseph McGann Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Plaintiffs’ Contention: No Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
42. George McGhee Invoice Reviewer (McGhee Dep. 50, 59)._ Exxon Valdez (Valdez and Anchorage locations)._ No
43. Richard Merrill Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
44. Walter Moore Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor and Adjuster. Exxon Valdez (Valdez, Cordova locations and on barges) Yes
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor, Adjuster and Superasor. (Moore Dep. at 115,129,141,148).
45. Jan Moras Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor, Monitor Supervisor and” Adjuster. Exxon Valdez (Homer, Cordova, Anchorage locations and on barges) No
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor, Monitor Supervisor, Adjuster and Asset Disposal Team (Morris Dep. 81-5, 93).
46. Porter Moss Plaintiffs’ Contention: Supervisor and Adjuster. Ashland (Pittsburgh, PA and Stuebenville, Ohio locations); Exxon Valdez (Valdez and Anchorage, AK, Seattle, Washington and Houston, Texas locations) Yes
Defendant’s Contention: Nighttime Supervisor for data entry and report generation group, Adjuster, Adjuster Supervisor, and other miscellaneous duties as outlined in Crawford’s Motion to Decertify (Moss Dep. 122^11, 148-50, 184-89, 192-98, 223-25, 239, 257-58).
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
47. Tom Nort Adjuster. (Nort Dep. 79). Exxon Valdez (Valdez and Anchorage locations)_ No
48. Barry Parks Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
49. John Pryor Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Ashland and Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
50. Donald Reid Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
51. Lewis Robinson Plaintiffs’ Contention: Invoice Reviewer and Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
52. Duron Scoby Adjuster. (Scoby Dep. at 125)._ Ashland (Pittsburgh location)_ No
53. Harold Shreves Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
54. Walt Shupe Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
55. Thomas Siegwald Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster and Invoice Reviewer. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
56. Larry Smith Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
57. Sherman Sonnier Plaintiffs’ Contention: Invoice Reviewer. Exxon Valdez (Valdez location) No
Defendant’s Contention: Invoice Reviewer and Monitor (Sonnier Dep. 56, 84)._
58. Jack Stewart Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
59. Barbara Straham Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed. Plaintiff deceased. Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed. Plaintiff deceased. Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed. Plaintiff deceased._
60. Lanny Swarthout Monitor. (Swarthout Pen. 176). Ashland (Pittsburgh location)_ Yes
61. David Tucker Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor Supervisor. Exxon Valdez (Valdez location) Yes
Defendant’s Contention: Monitor and Monitor Supervisor (Tucker Dep. at 82-83, 97)._
62. Thomas Villers, Sr. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
63. Thomas Villers, Jr. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
64. Arley Wassom Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
65. Charles Welch Adjuster and Monitor. (Welch Dep. at 145,188)._ Exxon Valdez (Valdez, Anchorage and Kodiak locations) No
66. Michael White Plaintiffs’ Contention: Invoice Reviewer and Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
67. Paddi White Plaintiffs’ Contention: Invoice Reviewer. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
3. Mike Williams Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Ashland (Pittsburgh, PA and Stuebenville, Ohio locations) Yes
Defendant’s Contention: Adjuster and Adjuster Supervisor. (Williams Dep. 136-37)._
NAME POSITION PROJECT CORE
69. Matthew Williamson Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster and Monitor. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Ashland and Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: No
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
70. Dale Wilson Plaintiffs’ Contention: Adjuster. Plaintiffs’ Contention: Exxon Valdez Plaintiffs’ Contention: Yes
Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._ Defendant’s Contention: No evidence; not deposed._
71. Charles Yawn, Monitor. (Yawn Dep. Jr. at 71). Exxon Valdez (Valdez, Seward and Cordova locations and various boats and barges)_ No
C. Legal Standard
Section 216(b) of the FLSA provides in pertinent part:
An action to recover may be maintained against any employer (including a public agency) in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction by any one or more employees for and in behalf of himself or themselves and other employees similarly situated.
29 U.S.C.A. § 216(b).
Although the FLSA does not define the term ‘similarly situated’, courts generally do not require prospective class members to be identical. See generally, Brooks v. BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., 164 F.R.D. 561, 567 (1995); Mooney v. Aramco Services, Co., 54 F.3d 1207, 1212 (5th Cir.1995); Bunnion v. Consolidated Rail Corporation, Civ. A. No. 97-4877, 1998 WL 372644, at * 17 (E.D.Pa. May 14, 1998). Under the line of cases established by Lusardi the court resolves the similarly situated issue on an “ad hoc” basis by applying a two step analysis. Mooney, 54 F.3d at 1213. During the first or “notice stage”, the court examines pleadings and affidavits in the record to determine whether notice should be given to potential class members. Brooks, 164 F.R.D. at 568 (quoting Mooney, 54 F.3d at 1213-14). “Because the court has minimal evidence, this determination is made using a fairly lenient standard, and typically results in ‘conditional certification’ of a representative class.” Mooney, 54 F.3d at 1214.
Once discovery is complete and more factual information is available to the court, the defendant may file a motion to decertify the class. Id. At this juncture, the court uses a higher standard to analyze the similarly situated issue. Thiessen v. General Electric Capital Corporation, 996 F.Supp. 1071, 1080 (D.Kan.1998), class decertified in Thiessen v. General Electric Capital Corporation, 13 F.Supp.2d 1131 (D. Kan.1998). Generally, district courts have applied three factors in the second or post discovery stage to determine whether opt-in plaintiffs are “similarly situated”:
(1) the disparate factual and employment settings of the individual plaintiffs; (2) the various defenses available to [the] defendant which appear to be individual to each plaintiff; and (3) fairness and procedural considerations.
Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1080.
The first factor assesses the opt-in plaintiffs’ job duties, geographic location, supervision and salary. Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1081; Lusardi, 118 F.R.D. at 358-59; Brooks v. BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., 164 F.R.D. 561, 569 (N.D.Al.1995). Generally, allegations of an “overarching” policy are insufficient, and plaintiffs are required to produce “ ‘substantial evidence’ ” of a “ ‘single decision, policy or plan’ Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1081 (citing Brooks, 164 F.R.D. at 566.)
The second factor raises the issue of whether the potential defenses pertain to the opt-in class as a whole or whether many different defenses will be raised with respect to each individual opt-in plaintiff. Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1083. Because individualized defenses prevent an efficient proceeding with a representative class, several courts have granted motions for decertification on this basis. See Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1083; Lusardi, 118 F.R.D. at 370; Brooks, 164 F.R.D. at 569; and Bayles v. American Medical Response of Colorado, 950 F.Supp. 1053, 1067 (D. Colo.1996). However, the district court has the discretion to determine whether the potential defenses would make the class unmanageable. Lockhart, 879 F.2d at 52.
Finally, the fairness and procedural factors direct the court to consider whether it can analyze the opt-in class with a “broad scale approach.” Lusardi, 118 F.R.D. at 360. The court should consider that the primary objectives of a § 216(b) collective action are: (1) to lower costs to the plaintiffs through the pooling of resources; and (2) to limit the controversy to one proceeding which efficiently resolves common issues of law and fact that arose from the same alleged activity. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. v. Sperling, 493 U.S. 165, 170, 110 S.Ct. 482, 107 L.Ed.2d 480 (1989). The court must also determine whether it can coherently manage the class in a manner that will not prejudice any party. Thiessen, 996 F.Supp. at 1084.
D. Discussion
Crawford has devoted much attention to differences in the name and opt-in plaintiffs’ job duties, geographic assignments and hourly billing rates. Irrespective of these differences, each of the plaintiffs assert a common claim; i.e., that Crawford violated the FLSA by failing to compensate with them overtime wages for their work during the Ashland and the Exxon Valdez oil spill projects. Their assertions are supported by the opinions in Sonnier and Brock which establish that Crawford’s CAT employees did not receive overtime compensation. Also, variations in the plaintiffs’ duties, job locations and hourly billing rates do not differentiate the collective basis of the class to the extent that it defeats the primary objectives of a § 216(b) action. Finally, the fact that Hargrove’s initial Complaint sought overtime wages for daily and hourly projects does not significantly separate his claims from those of the opt-in class.
Next, Crawford has alerted the court that it will raise an exemption defense and a statute of limitations defense for each opt-in plaintiff. As to the exemption defense, the FLSA does not require employers to pay overtime wages to employees who are “employed in a bona fide executive, administrative or professional capacity.” 29 U.S.C.A. § 213(a)(1). The court also acknowledges Crawford’s intention to examine each opt-in plaintiffs background and personal knowledge of the FLSA in support of their statute of limitations defense. However, after careful deliberation, the court concludes that neither defense would make the opt-in class unmanageable.
First, administrative or supervisory status may be ascertained by applying either the long or the short test. Devlin v. City of Philadelphia, No. Civ. A. 92-3214, 1993 WL 246095 *1, (E.D.Pa. June 30, 1993). The short test applies when an employee earns a salary of at least $250.00 or more per week. Devlin, 1993 WL 246095 at *1; Gusdonovich v. Business Information Company, 705 F.Supp. 262, 265 (W.D.Pa.1985.) If, as Crawford asserts, the majority of the plaintiffs received more than $250.00 per week for their work during the Ashland and the Exxon Valdez oil spills, than the exemption issue will be resolved under the short test by examining the plaintiffs’ duties. See Gusdonovich, 705 F.Supp. at 265. The opt-in plaintiffs here worked primarily as monitors, adjusters, invoice reviewers and supervisors. Based upon the evidence presented to the court and the specific nature of the work performed by the CAT division, the duties of one opt-in plaintiff can not be substantially distinct from those of another opt-in plaintiff who worked in the same position. Therefore, the court will be able to coordinate the exemption issue by ascertaining the duties of each respective position.
With regard to the statute of limitations defense, the court’s prior opinions permit Crawford to present evidence regarding each opt-in plaintiffs personal knowledge of the FLSA. However, the statute of limitations will not be a particular defense raised against a specific plaintiff; rather it will be asserted against every member of the class. Decertification would require the court to perform the statute of limitations analysis in over seventy separate lawsuits and would be an inefficient use of this court’s limited time. Accordingly, the effective ease management and practicality considerations of the third factor favor resolving the statute of limitations issue for each plaintiff in a single class action lawsuit.
E. Conclusion
The differences in the plaintiffs’ job duties, geographic locations and hourly billing rates do not destroy their collective claim for overtime wages under the FLSA. Additionally, only two common defenses rather than a series of individual defenses will be raised against each plaintiff. That fact weighs in favor of one class lawsuit rather than seventy separate actions. Finally, a class action would be a more effective use of the court’s resources. Accordingly, the court will deny Crawford’s Motion to Decertify filed at document number two hundred and twelve.
. The law of the case doctrine applies where "... one judge or court [adheres] to the rulings of another judge or court in the same case or closely related cases....” Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation v. White Consolidated Industries, Inc., No. Civ. A. 91-1630, 1999 WL 680185, at *34 (W.D.Pa. July 21, 1999). To maintain consistency and avoid unnecessary reconsideration of certain information, the court will follow the pertinent findings made in Sonnier and Brock.
denotes Plaintiff has been deposed in presence of counsel for all parties.
. The full citation for Lusardi v. Xerox Corp., 118 F.R.D. 351 (D.N.J.1987) is given on page 400.
|
CASELAW
|
Page:Curiosities of Olden Times.djvu/311
The Philosopher's Stone nights in fruitless experiment; but, like all history, that of the alchemists teaches us a lesson—to look up instead of looking down—a lesson to seek happiness, wealth, contentment, in the simple and not the complex, in light instead of in darkness.
I believe that this is the only one of my articles in which I have drawn a moral, but the moral is so obvious that it would have been inexcusable had I passed it over. But I know that as a child I resented the applications in Æsops Fables, and perhaps my reader will feel a like objection to having a moral appended to this essay. That I may dismiss him with a smile instead of a frown, I will close with a copy of verses extracted by me some thirty and more years ago, from—I think—a Cambridge University undergraduates' magazine, verses probably new to my readers; but as they enforce the same moral in a perfectly fresh and charming manner, and as they deserve to be rescued from oblivion, I conclude with them:
I was just five years old, that December, And a fine little promising boy, So my grandmother said, I remember, And gave me a strange-looking toy:
In its shape it was lengthy and rounded, It was papered with yellow and blue. One end with a glass top was bounded, At the other, a hole to look through.
'Dear Granny, what's this?' I came, crying, 'A box for my pencils? but see, 299
|
WIKI
|
1948 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' singles
Staffan Stockenberg defeated Dezső Vad in the final, 6–0, 6–8, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 to win the boys' singles tennis title at the 1948 Wimbledon Championships.
|
WIKI
|
Rivers Cadet
Rivers Cadet (1 March 1892 – 1 November 1968) was a French actor.
Cadet was born Jean Maurice Large in Paris. He was the brother of Fernand Rivers.
Selected filmography
* Maurin of the Moors (1932)
* The Ironmaster (1933)
* Three Sailors (1934)
* A Train in the Night (1934)
* The Lady of the Camellias (1934)
* Good Luck (1935)
* The Two Boys (1936)
* Boissière (1937)
* Street Singer (1938)
* Tricoche and Cacolet (1938)
* Liberty (1938)
* Golden Venus (1938)
* Four in the Morning (1938)
* Monsieur Breloque Has Disappeared (1938)
* The President (1938)
* Berlingot and Company (1939)
* Behind the Facade (1939)
* Louise (1939)
* The Path of Honour (1939)
* Sing Anyway (1940)
* Paris-New York (1940)
* Monsieur Hector (1940)
* Notre-Dame de la Mouise (1941)
* The Last of the Six (1941)
* Room 13 (1942)
* Shot in the Night (1943)
* Les Enfants du Paradis (1945)
* Secret Documents (1945)
* The Woman I Murdered (1948)
* Three Investigations (1948)
* The Cupboard Was Bare (1948)
* The Red Angel (1949)
* Adémaï au poteau-frontière (1950)
* King Pandora (1950)
* Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman (1950)
* The Night Is My Kingdom (1951)
* The Prettiest Sin in the World (1951)
* The Passage of Venus (1951)
* The Sleepwalker (1951)
* Topaze (1951)
* The Road to Damascus (1952)
* The Lottery of Happiness (1953)
* Tower of Lust (1955)
* Blood to the Head (1956)
* Captain Fracasse (1961)
|
WIKI
|
Talk:List of universities in Algeria
Untitled
Hello can you help me find any schools that are name in africa for my project??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:32, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on List of universities in Algeria. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101129140156/http://www.csla.dz/ to http://www.csla.dz/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100401065015/http://www.fac-islamique-alger.dz/ to http://www.fac-islamique-alger.dz/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 23:15, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on List of universities in Algeria. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110518195734/http://www.fac-droit-alger.dz/ to http://www.fac-droit-alger.dz/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 06:02, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
"List of schools in Algeria" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect List of schools in Algeria and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 25 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Jay (talk) 11:59, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
* , I have reverted of entries of higher schools and higher national schools from the article list. If they were removed:
* because you wanted to fork out non-university entries to a new list page, then I don't see you having created a new page.
* because you found the sources terrible for the fact that they were home pages, then how is it that you removed only the school entries, and retained university entries that also have their sources as the home page?
* Why do you see home pages of the higher schools as terrible? See WP:Notability (high schools) where it mentions the schools' own website as reliable (but not independent), and considers Africa and Asia as special cases where local sources can be sought, for which there is no time limit (well, ideally I would prefer some time limit). It only says non-independent non-reliable sources should not be used, and school websites don't come under that. Jay (talk) 12:39, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
* those were marked as "Public higher school", meaning while those institutions are part of higher education, they are not universities. Rather, they are similar to university colleges.
* What I said about home pages applied to one source which I have now removed: it was simply a home page with no information, as most home pages are (they are hubs with a short presentation), which was used as a WP:FICTREF to support a claim. Veverve (talk) 17:36, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl
Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl (born 9 February 1965) became the oldest Indian woman to have scaled the world's tallest peak (8848.86 m), when she summitted Mount Everest in May 2018, at the age of 53 years. She also became the first woman from the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to scale the mountain. Bahl is a former Miss India finalist.
Mountaineering
Sangeeta Bahl first took up mountain climbing at the age of 46. Encouraged and trained by her husband Ankur Bahl, an already-accomplished mountaineer, she tackled Kilimanjaro (5895 m) with him in 2011. Two years later, Bahl climbed Mount Elbrus (5642 m), Europe's highest peak, before becoming, in 2014, the third Indian woman to climb Antarctica's Mount Vinson (4897 m). One year later, she scaled Aconcagua (6962 m), the highest peak of South America.
Mount Everest climb 2018
Bahl's first attempt to climb Everest in 2017 failed due to altitude sickness. After fifty days on the mountain, symptoms of altitude sickness emerged and she had to be evacuated from a high-altitude base camp, along with six other climbers similarly affected. Bahl was struck with the illness despite having prepared by climbing two 6000 m mountains in the lead up.
On 19 May 2018, she reached the summit of Everest at her second attempt. High winds and snowfalls added challenging conditions as Bahl made her final push to the summit, approaching from the South Col-side. She was supported in her ascent by two Sherpas as her mountain guides, whom Bahl names as Ngaa Tenji and "Nurbu Sherpa". During this second attempt, Bahl did not suffer from any symptoms of altitude sickness, which she attributes to thorough preparation and rigorous training. In attaining the summit, Bahl surpassed Premlata Agrawal's record as the oldest Indian woman to reach it, Agrawal having made the climb in 2011.
Seven Summits
Bahl has completed climbs on six of the traditional Seven Summits of the world, leaving only Denali in North America unscaled by her. In 2019, Bahl was in training to attempt a climb to the seventh summit.
Details of the completed climbs are shown in the table below:
Professional interests and personal life
Bahl is the founder, director and image consultant of Impact Image Consultants, a Gurgaon-based company specialising in professional image consultancy. As a trainer for corporate staff, she offers mentoring and coaching services for both individuals and organisations. She has appeared as a keynote speaker and has spread knowledge about how mountain climbing helps in building endurance, resilience, mental strength and stability during interactive sessions with the children and the celebrity show host Mrs Nidhi Kumar, conducted by Skoolz. In 1985 Bahl competed in the national beauty pageant organised and run by Femina, Miss India, in which she reached the finals.
Bahl was born in Jammu, the winter capital city of what was then the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Her husband is Ankur Bahl and they have one son.
|
WIKI
|
X Ray
An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.
We can perform x-ray for any bone in the body, including the hand, wrist, arm, elbow, shoulder, spine, pelvis, hip, thigh, knee, leg (shin), ankle or foot.
Ultrasound scan
Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to produce pictures of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints throughout the body. It is used to help diagnose sprains, strains, tears, and other soft tissue conditions. Ultrasound is safe, noninvasive, and does not use ionizing radiation.
This procedure requires little to no special preparation. Leave jewelry at home and wear loose, comfortable clothing. You may be asked to wear a gown.
MRI
MRI is a non-invasive medical imaging test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves frequency to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone, joints and other internal body structures. MRI does not use ionizing radiation (as used in x-rays and CT scans).
You will be asked to wear a gown during the examination.
Jewelry, metal accessories, dentures and electronic objects should be removed prior to the MRI scan because they interfere with the magnetic field of the MRI machine whilewatches, credit cards and hearing aids can be damaged.
An MRI examination is safe for patients with metal implants, but generally excluded for those with implanteddefibrillator or pacemaker, cochlear (ear) implant, brain aneurysms clips, or metal coils placed within blood vessels.
Our physician will pre-consult and take your history to ensure your suitability for an MRI examination. Please kindly consult with the physician any doubt that you have.
Some MRI examinations may require you to receive an injection of contrast material. The contrast material commonly used for an MRI examination does not contain iodine and is less likely to cause allergic reaction. When the contrast material is injected, it is normal to feel a flushing sensation for a minute or two. Some customers may have a metallic taste in their mouth after the contrast injection
The radiographer begins by positioning you on the MRI examination table. Straps and pillows may be used to help you maintain the correct position and to hold still during the examination.
After positioning you, the radiographer will offer you earplugs to reduce the noise of the MRI scanner, which produces loud thumping and humming noises during imaging. These noises are harmless. Then, the radiographer will enter a separate room where the radiographer operates the MRI machine and monitor your examination. The radiographer will be able to see, hear and speak with you at all times.
The table will move slowly through the machine as the MRI scan is performed. When images are being recorded, you will hear a thumping and humming sound. Please remain still while the images are being recorded. It is normal for the area of your body being imaged to feel slightly warm. If it bothers you, please notify the radiographer.
When the examination is completed, you will be asked to wait until the radiologist verifies that the images are of good quality for accurate interpretation. Though the scanning itself causes no pain, there may be some discomfort from having to remain still for several minutes.
Women should inform their physician or radiographer if there is any possibility that they are pregnant.
Bone Mineral Density
Bone densitometry, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry or DEXA, uses a very small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body (usually the lower spine and hips) to measure bone loss. It is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis and to assess an individual’s risk for developing fractures. DEXA is simple, quick and noninvasive. It’s also the most accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis.
Disclaimer: All information, content, and material of this website is for informational purposes only and are not intended to serve as a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment of a qualified physician or healthcare provider.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Label names described in the DEVICE section header are used as part of BrowseName Attribute values of the CSP+ machine ObjectType. Specifically, a text "CsppDeviceType" connected after an Attribute value is handled as the BrowseName Attribute value. For example, when the label name is "ABC", its BrowseName Attribute value becomes "ABCCsppDeviceType".
No rules are specified to use any information other than the above to create CSP+ machine ObjectType.
No rules are specified to use the information described in the DEVICE_INFO part header to create CSP+ machine ObjectType.
Part of COMMON information CSPP elements in the DEVICE_INFO part is mapped to Attributes and Properties of the CSP+ machine ObjectType.
Table 71 shows the mapping specifications.
Table 71 – Mapping Specifications for COMMON Information CSPP Elements of DEVICE_INFO Part
No.
LABEL name of CSPP element (mapping source)
Mapping destination
Rule
1.
VendorName
Manufacturer Property
Maps DATA item value (Unicode string) of the CSPP element to the Value Attribute value of the Property.
2.
DeviceModel
Model Property
Maps DATA item value (ASCII string) of the CSPP element to the Value Attribute value of the Property.
3.
ProductID
(No mapping)
-
4.
Version
DeviceRevision Property
Maps DATA item value (*1) of the CSPP element to the Value Attribute value of the Property as a string.
5.
ReferenceURL
DeviceManual Property
-
6.
URLInfo
(No mapping)
-
7.
Outline
Description Attribute
Maps DATA item value (Unicode string) of the CSPP element to the Attribute value.
8.
SpecList
(No mapping)
-
9.
IconFileName
Icon Property
(ImagePNG DataType)
Converts a file specified by DATA item of the CSPP element to a PNG file and maps the file content as a binary string to the Value Attribute value of the Property.
10.
GraphicsFileName
DataVariable referred to from DeviceTypeImage Object. The DataVariable name should be DATA item value of DeviceModel element.
Maps a file content specified by DATA item of the CSPP element as a binary string to the Value Attribute value of the DataVariable. DataType of the DataVariable should be a DataType depending on the file format (PNG->ImagePNG DataType, BMP->ImageBMP DataType, JPG->ImageJPG DataType, GIF->ImageGIF DataType).
*1: One of bit string type, signed integral data type, unsigned integral data type, or STRING (x)
No rules are specified to use any CSPP elements other than COMMON information to create CSP+ machine ObjectType.
No rules are specified to use the information described in the DEVICE_IF part to create CSP+ machine ObjectType.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
American Journal of Comparative Law
The American Journal of Comparative Law (AJCL) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed law journal devoted to comparative and transnational legal studies—including, among other subjects, comparative law, comparative and transnational legal history and theory, private international law and conflict of laws, and the study of legal systems, cultures, and traditions other than those of the United States. In its long and rich history, the AJCL has published articles authored by scholars representing all continents, regions, and legal cultures of the world. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Comparative Law. As of 2014, it is co-hosted and administered by the Institute of Comparative Law (McGill University) and the Georgetown University Law Center. It has been hosted in the past by institutions such as University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Columbia Law School, and the University of Michigan Law School. The current Editors-in-Chief are Georgetown University Law Center’s Franz Werro, and McGill University's Helge Dedek.
Executive Editorial Board
Since 2014, Helge Dedek (McGill University) and Franz Werro (Georgetown University) have served as the Editors-in-Chief of the AJCL. Former Editors-in-Chief include Hessel E. Yntema (1952–1966), B.J. George (1966–1968), Alfred F. Conard (1968–1970), John G. Fleming (1971–1987), Richard M. Buxbaum (1987–2003), George Bermann (2003–2006), James Gordley (2003–2008), Mathias W. Reimann (2003–2013), and James V. Feinerman (2014–2015).
The Executive Editorial Board of the AJCL is made up of the following people:
Luisa Antoniolli, University of Trento Faculty of Law; Gary F. Bell, National University of Singapore Faculty of Law; Francesca Bignami, George Washington University Law School; Mauro Bussani, University of Trieste Law Department; Donald C. Clarke, George Washington University Law School; Dominique Custos, University of Caen Law School; Tom Ginsburg, University of Chicago Law School; Simone Glanert, University of Kent Law School; Hoi Kong, McGill University Faculty of Law; Máximo Langer, UCLA School of Law; Ralf Michaels, Duke University School of Law; Sherally Munshi, Georgetown University Law Center; Álvaro Santos, Georgetown University Law Center; Walter Stoffel, University of Fribourg Faculty of Law; and Symeon C. Symeonides, Willamette University College of Law.
The Journal has two Book Review Editors: Richard Albert, Boston College Law School; and Paul R. Dubinsky, Wayne State University Law School. Beginning January 1, 2019, Professor Dubinsky has stepped down from his position as Book Review Editor; he is replaced by Professor Joshua Karton of Queen's University, Faculty of Law.
Ranking and impact factor
The 2019 Israeli Inter-University Committee Report, which "offers a global ranking of academic legal publications, covering more than 900 outlets, and using a four-tier categorization...based on a combined quantitative and qualitative methodology," placed the American Journal of Comparative Law in its highest tier (A*). Of the 908 journals evaluated, only 39 received an A* designation. "Peer-reviewed journals were ranked primarily on the basis of well-known databases that are used to assess peer-reviewed journals in many other disciplines. The Committee relied on up-to-date data from the following databases: SCImago Journal Rankings (SJR), CiteScore, and Web of Science (JCR). For example, because the two highest categories (A* and A) comprise one fifth of ranked journals, one of the main criteria for including a peer-reviewed journal in these categories was it being classified as a first-quartile (Q1) journal in the leading databases (e.g., SJR or CiteScore). The strongest among Q1 journals were included in A*, and the weakest (roughly 5%) were considered for B."
According to Thomas Reuters Journal Citation Reports, the AJCL's impact factor (IF) was 1.327 in 2016, and it was ranked 42nd of 147 journals in the Law category. The AJCL saw a drop in its impact factor in 2017, falling to 110 of 147 journals, with an IF of 0.58. According to the Washington and Lee University School of Law rankings, the Journal is ranked first in the comparative law category (out of thirty-six journals), with a combined score of 100 and an impact factor of 0.85.
|
WIKI
|
Index: trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/cron.php =================================================================== --- trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/cron.php (revision 29937) +++ trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/cron.php (revision 29939) @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ // duplicate events far apart should work normally $hook = rand_str(); - $args = array(rand_str()); - $ts1 = strtotime('+30 minutes'); - $ts2 = strtotime('+3 minutes'); + $args = array( rand_str() ); + $ts1 = strtotime( '+30 minutes' ); + $ts2 = strtotime( '+3 minutes' ); // first one works @@ -224,9 +224,28 @@ wp_schedule_single_event( $ts2, $hook, $args ); - // the next event should be at +5 minutes, not +3 - $this->assertEquals( $ts2, wp_next_scheduled($hook, $args) ); + // the next event should be at +3 minutes, even though that one was scheduled second + $this->assertEquals( $ts2, wp_next_scheduled( $hook, $args ) ); wp_unschedule_event( $ts2, $hook, $args ); + // following event at +30 minutes should be there too + $this->assertEquals( $ts1, wp_next_scheduled( $hook, $args ) ); + } + + function test_not_duplicate_event_reversed() { + // duplicate events far apart should work normally regardless of order + $hook = rand_str(); + $args = array( rand_str() ); + $ts1 = strtotime( '+3 minutes' ); + $ts2 = strtotime( '+30 minutes' ); + + // first one works + wp_schedule_single_event( $ts1, $hook, $args ); + // second works too + wp_schedule_single_event( $ts2, $hook, $args ); + + // the next event should be at +3 minutes + $this->assertEquals( $ts1, wp_next_scheduled( $hook, $args ) ); + wp_unschedule_event( $ts1, $hook, $args ); // following event should be there too - $this->assertEquals( $ts1, wp_next_scheduled($hook, $args) ); + $this->assertEquals( $ts2, wp_next_scheduled( $hook, $args ) ); } }
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Street Evangelists
The result was SPEEDY DELETE on author request. J I P | Talk 05:17, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
Street Evangelists
* – ( View AfD View log )
Does not meet WP:BAND, in other words, no indication of notability Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:40, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
* Speedy delete Unreferenced article gives no evidence whatsoever that the subject meets any notability requirement. Dori ☾Talk ⁘ Contribs☽ 01:58, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
* Comment Given, I've just nom'd it for . Dori ☾Talk ⁘ Contribs☽ 04:02, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
* Speedy delete WP:CSD → Σ τ c . 01:59, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency
Devgadhbariya is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Dahod district.
List of segments
This assembly seat represents the following segments,
* 1) Devgadh Baria Taluka – Entire taluka except village – Gamdi.
* 1) Dhanpur Taluka (Part) Villages – Ghodajar, Umariya, Budhpur, Bor, Mahunala, Surpur (Umariya), Mandav, Dolariya, Kanzar, Agasvani, Pipodra, Chorbariya, Bedat, Bogadva, Nakti, Bhorva, Sajoi, Kaliyavad, Undar, Dudhamali, Adalwada, Kothariya, Rampur, Modhva, Nalu, Pav, Raiyavan, Khokhbed, Ved, Ghada, Khokhra, Lukhadiya, Pipearo, Singawali, Dhanpur (To), Simamoi, Vakasiya, Kundawada, Taramkach, Dabhava, Lakhana Gojiya, Tokarva, Dungarpur (To), Nan Salai, Chari, Limdi Medhari, Pipariya (To), Gadvel, Andarpura, Gumli (To), Udhal Mahuda.
2022
|
WIKI
|
user2628641 user2628641 - 4 months ago 62
Scala Question
Spark convert list to dataframe error: Schema for type Any is not supported
I ma trying to make create dataframe by doing the following:
val df = Seq(
("tom", 25),
("andy", null)
).toDF("user", "rating")
but I get an error of "Schema for type Any is not supported".
I think the rating column is causing the problem.
I want the rating column to be
integer (nullable=true)
but i am not sure how to achieve that
Answer
You can use Option:
Seq(
("tom", Some(25)),
("andy", None)
).toDF("user", "rating")
You could also be more specific about the types and use java.lang.Integer:
Seq[(String, java.lang.Integer)](
("tom", 25),
("andy", null)
).toDF("user", "rating")
but the first method should be preferred.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
FAQ’s for GPR
What is Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) ?
GPR is the process by which a radar wave is directed into the structure or the ground and the resulting reflection is collected and analysed by the technician. The latest powerful software processes the collected data into either 2D or 3D images which can then inserted into reports or presentations.
What can be located?
Under ideal conditions, almost anything can be located providing the object is large enough and close enough to the surface in relation to the frequency of the antenna and that there is sufficient contrast between the electrical properties of the object and its surrounding material. Unfortunately however, ideal conditions are generally rare, with the most common problems occurring on site being dense reinforcing cover over shadowing lower level low amplitude signals from services or tight survey areas that do not allow for adequate data to be collected for proper analysis.
Is it Safe ?
GPR generates less power than a standard mobile phone and at similar frequencies and can therefore be used in any environment deemed safe for mobile phone operations. Unlike X-Ray which requires evacuation of people within a 20 metre radius around and below, GPR causes little or no disruption to other people working within the vicinity
Where can it be used?
GPR can be used anywhere providing the surface over which the survey is being conducted is reasonably flat and has no surface water. Our equipment is light and versatile enough to allow surveys to be conducted almost anywhere, whether it be floors, walls, ceilings, roads or fields. Sizes of surveys are tailored to the Client’s needs.
How deep can we see?
Depth of surveys are dependent on antenna frequency and attenuation of the transmitted radar wave. Antennae which have higher frequencies will give an image with better resolution but lack the penetrating depth of lower frequency antennae. Attenuation is the ability of the material being surveyed to absorb the radar wave. The greater the rate of attenuation, the lower the ability of the radar wave to penetrate the material. Test surveys may need to be done in order to assess the penetrability of the radar signal. Our (Services available) page lists the depth capabilities of various antennae frequencies under ideal conditions.
Can GPR determine the diameter of reinforcing?
No. There is currently no equipment available that can determine reinforcing diameters accurately, under all conditions. Given the right conditions, GPR does have the ability to estimate reinforcing diameters. For the purpose of determining diameters for engineering calculations, invasive inspection is still required to give accurate information. Should the need for this type of investigation arise, it should always be achieved as discreetly as possible.
Can GPR penetrate Bondek ?
No. Bondek or similar, is a structural metal formwork base onto which the concrete is cast and which remains in place for the life of the floor. As GPR cannot penetrate metal, surveys requiring the locating of services, reinforcing and Post Tension Cables from the underside of the slab are not possible.
Can GPR tell the type of service?
Unless there is some form of visual reference as to the nature of the service being traced, GPR has no real ability to distinguish between targets. A metal pipe carrying water, gas or air will reflect the same signal as a reinforcing bar of a similar size. Even a conduit containing multiple conductors will be difficult to differentiate from reinforcing. There may however be tell tale signs that a trained technician may pick up on to indicate which target the service may be.
Can GPR tell whether an electrical service is active or not?
GPR does not register electrical current, however some GPR units do have EMF (electro motive force) detectors built into the search head of the GPR antenna. Two important factors must be understood about these detectors. 1: the circuit being surveyed must be “Alive” (active) and 2: the circuit must have sufficient load using the electricity to produce a magnetic field strong enough to be detected. Numerous problems are associated with this. The magnetic field produced by live cables has the ability to jump onto metal objects such as reinforcing causing the reinforcing to emit the same frequency as the electrical service, creating confusion as to what is service or reinforcing. Weak EMF signals can be shielded by reinforcing making them undetectable. These inbuilt EMF detectors only register mains voltage. Video, voice, data or fire services etc. cannot be detected.
Should the same Company be used to do the scanning and coring?
To create transparency, it would be wise to separate the two services. Mistakes in analysing GPR data can create serious & costly consequences to structural elements if damaged through coring or sawing. Unscrupulous operators may take advantage and hide mistakes such as damage to Post Tensioning, critical reinforcing or services, leaving you with the consequences and a costly repair when the problems emerge later .
I have more questions!
Please feel free to contact us either direct by phone or send us an email. Either way, we will endeavour to answer all your questions as clearly and simply as possible.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Humanist Party (Mexico)
The Humanist Party (Partido Humanista, PH) was a Mexican political party established in 2014 that was dissolved as a national party in 2015.
The Humanist Party was founded in 2013 and established in 2014. It was created by affiliates of both the PRI and PAN as a centralist party. It wanted people to be represented and a lack of extremism.
Ideology
The Humanist Party was a centralist party and defined itself as a “cross-organization without extremism,”. With its background in both conservative and liberal parties, it was able to embrace both sides, while keeping their pragmatic, agrarian views. The party was known to be pragmatic and wanted what was best for the nation. With agriculture as their main platform, the Humanists were seen looking to resources and weighing options; usually choosing the best option for the nation.
Dissolution
The Humanist Party suffered the same fate of many small parties in the Mexican political system. In 2015, it was unable to reach the number of votes to keep it as a national party, but it did get enough to remain a regional party. The Humanist Party re-registered as a national party in 2017, but once again, failed to reach its required number of national votes. The Humanist Party was dissolved in 2018.
Jesús Escamilla, the founder of the party and a member of the 53rd Congress of Morelos, died of COVID-19 on January 14, 2021.
|
WIKI
|
Self-healing
Provides details about self-healing using upscaling and feature toggle.
Up-scale with Dynatrace
Demonstrates how to use the self-healing mechanisms of Keptn with Dynatrace
Up-scale with Prometheus
Demonstrates how to use the self-healing mechanisms of Keptn with Prometheus
Self-healing with Feature Flags
Demonstrates how to use the self-healing mechanisms of Keptn to automatically set feature flags in an Unleash feature flag server.
About this tutorial
In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the capabilities of Keptn to provide self-healing for an application.
The tutorial presented in the following will provide information about the self-healing actions scale up and feature toggle.
For the configuration, Keptn relies on several specification files that define service level indicators (SLI), service level objectives (SLO), and remediation actions for self-healing if service level objectives are not achieved. To learn more about the service-indicator, service-objective, and remediation file, click here Specifications for Site Reliability Engineering with Keptn.
Prerequisites
git clone --branch 0.6.0 https://github.com/keptn/examples.git --single-branch
Difference to Deployment with Quality Gates
Within this tutorial we will use a version of the carts microservice that has already passed the quality gate for staging. However, the deployed carts service has some issues that only arise in production with real user traffic - this indicates that there might be untested parts of the microservice that have issues.
Click here for details on how to check if you are running the correct version
You can check if the service is already running in your production stage by executing the following command and reviewing the output. It should show two pods in total.
kubectl get pods -n sockshop-production
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
carts-db-57cd95557b-r6cg8 1/1 Running 0 18m
carts-primary-7c96d87df9-75pg7 1/1 Running 0 13m
You should also verify that the image used for the deployments of carts and carts-primary is either the one with 0.10.1 or 0.10.3 within the tag by executing
kubectl get deployments -n sockshop-production -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
carts 0/0 0 0 28h carts docker.io/keptnexamples/carts:0.10.3 app=carts
carts-db 1/1 1 1 44h carts-db mongo:latest app=carts-db
carts-primary 1/1 1 1 22h carts docker.io/keptnexamples/carts:0.10.3 app=carts-primary
In case you do not have 0.10.1 or 0.10.3 deployed, please run
keptn send event new-artifact --project=sockshop --service=carts --image=docker.io/keptnexamples/carts --tag=0.10.1
Initial steps
1. Make sure you are in the correct folder of your examples directory:
cd examples/onboarding-carts
2. Add an SLO file for the production stage using the Keptn CLIs add-resource command:
keptn add-resource --project=sockshop --stage=production --service=carts --resource=slo-self-healing.yaml --resourceUri=slo.yaml
Note: The SLO file contains an objective for response_time_p90.
Follow the specific tutorial
Please follow the steps detailed in the following tutorials.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Circuit Theory/Phasors/Examples/example11
Given that the voltage source is defined by $$ V_s(t) = cos(t)$$ and the current source is defined by $$ I_s(t) = 2sin(t-\frac{\pi}{3})$$, find all other voltages, currents and check power.
Knowns, Unknowns and Equations
* Knowns: $$ V_s, R_1, R_2, L, C, I_s $$
* Unknowns: $$ v_1, v_2, v_C, v_L, i_1, i_2, i_C, i_L $$
* Equations:
* $$ v_1 = R_1 * i_1$$
* $$ v_2 = R_2 * i_2$$
* $$ i_C = C * {d \over dt}v_C$$
* $$ v_L = L * {d \over dt}i_L$$
* $$ i_1 + I_s - i_2 -i_C = 0$$
* $$ i_c - I_s - i_L = 0$$
* $$ v_1 + v_2 - V_s = 0$$
* $$ v_C + v_L - v_2 = 0$$
Solutions and Analysis
* numeric solution calculated in the phasor domain
* attempt at a Laplace solution
* simulation at circuitlab
|
WIKI
|
women’s movement, Diverse social movement, largely based in the U.S., seeking equal rights and opportunities for women in their economic activities, personal lives, and politics. It is recognized as the “second wave” of the larger feminist movement. While first-wave feminism of the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on women’s legal rights, such as the right to vote, the second-wave feminism of the “women’s movement” peaked in the 1960s and ’70s and touched on every area of women’s experience—including family, sexuality, and work. A variety of U.S. women’s groups, including the National Organization for Women, sought to overturn laws that enforced discrimination in matters such as contract and property rights and employment and pay. The movement also sought to broaden women’s self-awareness and challenge traditional stereotypes of women as passive, dependent, or irrational. An effort in the 1970s to pass the Equal Rights Amendment failed, but its aims had been largely achieved by other means by the end of the 20th century.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Brain Computer Interfaces
One of the main research interests of hybrid is the design of brain-based interaction in virtual reality. This calls for 3D user interfaces based on brain-computer interfaces, and mind-based control. Hybrid explores its applicability on different use-case scenarios. Here we show some examples:
The MindShooter videogame
Brain-Computer Interfaces became more available for general public and they have been already used to control applications such as computer games. One disadvantage of Brain-Computer Interfaces is that they are not completely reliable. In order to increase BCI performances, some adjustments can be made on low levels, such as signal processing and on high levels – by modifying the controller paradigm. In this study. We explore a novel, context dependent, approach for SSVEP-based BCI controller. This controller uses two kinds of behavior alternation, commands can be added and removed if their use is irrelevant to the context or the actions resulting from their activation can be weighted depending on the likeliness of the actual intention of the user. This controller has been integrated within a BCI computer game and its influence in performance and mental workload has been addressed through a pilot experiment. Preliminary results have shown a workload reduction and performance improvement with the context-dependent controller while keeping the engagement levels untouched.
Multi-User Brain-Computer Interfaces
We created a multi-user video game called “Brain Arena” in which two users can play a simple football game by means of two BCIs. They can score goals on the left or right side of the screen by simply imagining left or right hand movements. To add another interesting element, the gamers can play in a collaborative manner (their two mental activities are combined to score in the same goal), or in a competitive manner (the gamers must push the ball in opposite directions). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and subjective experience of users in the different conditions. In the first experiment we compared single-user situation with one multiuser situation: the collaborative task. Experiment 1 showed that multi-user conditions are significantly preferred in terms of fun and motivation compared to the single-user condition. The performance of some users was even significantly improved in the multi-user condition. A subset of well-performing subjects was involved in the second experiment, where we added the competitive task. Experiment 2 suggested that competitive and collaborative conditions may lead to similar performances and motivations. However the corresponding gaming experiences can be perceived differently among the participants. Taken together our results suggest that multi-user BCI applications can be operational, effective, and more engaging for participants.
Haptics and BCI
We introduce the combined use of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and Haptic interfaces. We propose to adapt haptic guides based on the mental activity measured by a BCI system. This novel approach is illustrated within a proof-of-concept system: haptic guides are toggled during a path-following task thanks to a mental workload index provided by a BCI. The aim of this system is to provide haptic assistance only when the user’s brain activity reflects a high mental workload. A user study conducted with 8 participants shows that our proof-of-concept is operational and exploitable. Results show that activation of haptic guides occurs in the most difficult part of the path following task. Moreover it allows to increase task performance by 53% by activating assistance only 59% of the time. Taken together, these results suggest that BCI could be used to determine when the user needs assistance during haptic interaction and to enable haptic guides accordingly.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth
Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth (also known as Extraterrestrial) is a popular science book written by American theoretical physicist and Harvard University astronomer Avi Loeb, published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt on 26 January 2021.
Contents
The book describes the 2017 detection of Oumuamua, the first known interstellar object to pass through the Solar System. Loeb, an astronomer at Harvard University, speculates that the object might be an extraterrestrial artifact, a suggestion considered unlikely by the scientific community collectively. Earlier, Loeb claimed to have demonstrated that the interstellar object was not an asteroid, was moving too fast in a very unusual orbit and left no gas trail or debris in its path to be a comet. Loeb believes, due to the observed acceleration of the object near the Sun, that Oumuamua may be a thin disk that acts as a solar sail. Further, Loeb and colleagues demonstrated that the object is unlikely to be frozen hydrogen, as proposed by other researchers.
Elizabeth Kolbert of The New Yorker magazine summarized the reasoning used by Avi Loeb about Oumuamua as follows: The only way to make sense of ʻOumuamua’s strange acceleration, without resorting to some sort of undetectable outgassing, is to assume that the object was propelled by solar radiation—essentially, photons bouncing off its surface. And the only way the object could be propelled by solar radiation is if it were extremely thin—no thicker than a millimetre—with a very low density and a comparatively large surface area. Such an object would function as a sail—one powered by light, rather than by wind. The natural world doesn’t produce sails; people do. ... Loeb writes, "ʻOumuamua must have been designed, built, and launched by an extraterrestrial intelligence."
Besides Oumuamua, another interstellar object, the comet 2I/Borisov, has been detected passing through the Solar System. In comparison, 2I/Borisov has been found to be natural, whereas Oumuamua has not been so determined. The possibility that Oumuamua may be alien technology has not been ruled out, although such an explanation is considered unlikely by most scientists. Nonetheless, according to Loeb, "We should be open-minded and search for evidence rather than assume that everything we see in the sky must be rocks."
Reviews
Alan Lightman writes the book is "provocative and thrilling," and commends Loeb for suggesting that readers "think big and to expect the unexpected." Jeff Foust, editor and publisher of The Space Review, comments that Loeb "fails to close the case that the object must be artificial ... Just because something can’t be immediately explained by natural phenomena doesn't mean it’s not natural". Further, "Perhaps Oumuamua will turn out to be the first of many in a new class of interstellar objects with an unusual, but natural, origin. Or, maybe, it will be like the “Wow!” signal, which was never seen again and its source never identified; mysterious, but not necessarily alien". Dennis Overbye, science writer for The New York Times, notes that the book is, "part graceful memoir and part plea for keeping an open mind about the possibilities of what is out there in the universe — in particular, life. Otherwise, he says, we might miss something amazing, like the church officials in the 17th century who refused to look through Galileo’s telescope." Reviewing for The New Yorker, Elizabeth Kolbert writes, "It seems a good deal more likely that [the book] will be ranked with von Däniken's work than with Galileo's," but concedes "it's thrilling to imagine the possibilities."
On August 24, 2023, The New York Times published an article about Loeb and his related search for signs of extraterrestrial life and his related publications.
A followup book, entitled Interstellar: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life and Our Future in the Stars, was published on August 29, 2023.
|
WIKI
|
how to work with env var with special characters in the name
• This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Learn more.
#1
I've got a strange program that creates some environment variables that have <> around the name, for example, one might be named <test>. How do I get the value of this environment variable? I couldn't seem to figure out anything, not even using the SETDOS /x-6. Note that the solution needs to be compatible with the current TCC v15, and also with 4nt v6.
Charles Dye
Super Moderator
Staff member
May 20, 2008
3,453
44
Albuquerque, NM
prospero.unm.edu
#3
I would try the form %[<test>] which was available in 4nt6 (IIRC); probably combined with SETDOS /X-6. That form may override the parser's rules for separating tokes, but no guarantees, not tested...
I think, if you do it that way, you don't need the SETDOS -- TCC doesn't check for redirections inside the brackets. (But if the value of the variable contains weird values, then you'll still need SETDOS.)
#4
I think, if you do it that way, you don't need the SETDOS -- TCC doesn't check for redirections inside the brackets. (But if the value of the variable contains weird values, then you'll still need SETDOS.)
That doesn't bear out in TCC 15.x. I didn't bother to check in 4nt 6.
->setdos
ANSI=0
COMPOUND=&
DESCRIPTIONS=1 (DESCRIPT.ION)
ESCAPE=^
EVAL=0.10
EXPANSION=0
MODE=1
NOCLOBBER=0
PARAMETERS=$
CURSOR OVERSTRIKE=10
CURSOR INSERT=100
VERBOSE=0
[Sun 7/21/13 @ 13:51:23]:
*** C:\ ***
->set [<x>]=test
TCC: (Sys) The system cannot find the file specified.
"C:\x"
#5
I think Charles was referring to accessing the variable ... and that you'll have to use other means when setting it. For example,
Code:
v:\> set ^<x^>=foo
v:\> echo %[<x>]
foo
v:\> set
<x>=foo
*** SNIP ***
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Template:For-multi/doc
is a hatnote template that produces a list of alternative uses for the title of the article and links to articles about those uses. It is similar to with the primary difference being this template allows multiple uses to be listed while still being able to link to multiple articles per use. It is essentially the same as but without the about clause at the start.
0 parameters
When no parameters are provided, this template functions the exact same as. It is preferred to use that template as it more clearly explains the output of the function.
The output with zero parameter is:
Comparison to other templates: This is the same as using :
One or two parameters
When one or two parameters are provided, this template functions the exact same as. It is preferred to use that template as the "multi" functionality of this template is not required.
1 Parameter
With one parameter, yields:
Comparison to other templates: This is identical to passing the same arguments to. For example, yields:
2 Parameters
With two parameters, yields:
Comparison to other templates: This is identical to passing the same arguments to. For example, yields:
3 or more parameters
When three or more parameters are provided, this template can be used. Functionally, it is the same as, but without the about clause at the beginning. Per the guideline at WP:HNS, it is up to the editor to decide whether or not the hatnote should contain a brief summary (i.e. whether or not the hatnote should use or ) based on their preference and what is likely to be clearer and easier for the reader.
With three parameters, the output of
is:
With four parameters, the output of
is:
Comparison to other templates: The output of is different from provided with three parameters where yields:
As you can see, this function is able to output multiple uses, unlike. also produces the same output, but with an about clause at the beginning. For example, yields:
Technically, can be used by passing an empty first parameter, but this isn't recommended as the wikitext doesn't make it clear what the output is going to be and what the purpose of the template is as, in this case, the name of the template "About" is misleading. Using it this way would look like:
Multiple articles per use
Multiple articles can be used per use by putting a parameter with the content between them. For example, the wikitext
yields:
Last parameter
When the last parameter is a "use", the current article plus (disambiguation) will be linked to at the end of the template. For example,
yields:
The above example produces a link to the PAGENAME (no namespace) at the end.
TemplateData
{ "description": "This template lists multiple other uses for the title and links to articles about those uses. See the documentation for more information on usage and alternatives.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Other use 1", "type": "string", "description": "What the first other use of the title is. If unused or blank, defaults to \"For other uses\" and ignores parameters 3ff.", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Other page 1", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "The title of the first other page. If unused, defaults to \"[page title] (disambiguation)\".", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "Other use 2", "type": "string", "description": "What the second other use of the title is. If unused or blank, defaults to \"For other uses\" and ignores parameters 5ff.", "required": true }, "4": { "label": "Other page 2", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "The title of the second other page. If unused or blank and parameter 3 exists, defaults to \"[page title] (disambiguation)\"." }, "5": { "label": "Other use 3", "type": "string", "description": "What the third other use of the title is. If unused or blank, defaults to \"For other uses\" and ignores parameters 7ff." }, "6": { "label": "Other page 3", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "The title of the third other page. If unused or blank and parameter 5 exists, defaults to \"[page title] (disambiguation)\"." }, "7": { "label": "Other use 4", "type": "string", "description": "What the fourth other use of the title is. If unused or blank, defaults to \"For other uses\"." }, "8": { "label": "Other page 4", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "The title of the fourth other page. If unused or blank and parameter 7 exists, defaults to \"[page title] (disambiguation)\"." } }, "format": "inline" }
|
WIKI
|
This trial is completed!
Search for a recruiting clinical trial for your condition
Your journey
1What's a trial
2Find
3Review
4Get in touch
More info
You can access this
clinical trial
if you have
COW'S MILK ALLERGY
and you are
between 18 and 70
years old
-
This is an observational trial.
You are contributing to medical knowledge about your condition.
Show me locations
The purpose
Bovine β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) is an allergen from cow's milk with relevance to human health. We employed β-lactoglobulin polymerized using microbial transglutaminase as a model of study to identify whether protein polymerization could reduce in vivo allergenicity and maintain in vitro and ex vivo immunoreactivity for the purpose of producing a suitable molecule for use in tolerance-induction protocols. Based on previous protocols applied in mice and children, we performed in vivo challenges (using a skin prick test) with native and polymerized β-lactoglobulin in adult patients with an IgE-mediated allergy to Bos d 5. In vitro humoral immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunoblotting. Cell-mediated immunoreactivity was analyzed using ex vivo challenges with native and polymerized β-lactoglobulin monitored by leukocyte adherence inhibition tests. The study hypothesis is to identify a decrease on beta-lactoglobulin immunoreactivity after polymerization.
Locations near you
Unfortunately, there are no recruiting locations near you. Please check the list with all locations below.
Tris trial is registered with FDA with number: NCT01589731. The sponsor of the trial is University of Campinas, Brazil and it is looking for 114 volunteers for the current phase.
Official trial title:
Study of the Immunoreactivity of Native and Polymerized Beta-lactoglobulin in Children and Adults With Cow's Milk Allergy and/or Intolerance
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Skip to content
Tracee Events Container Enrichment
Tracee events provide context about where the collected events originated from, including information about the originating container if available. To gather this information, Tracee needs to communicate with the relevant container runtime.
Detecting container runtime
Tracee will automatically search for known supported runtimes by looking for their socket files in known locations.
You may track if Tracee was able to find the container runtime socket by running Tracee with debug log level. There will be a line to each known runtime engine socket and a message sharing it's status.
When running Tracee in a container, the runtime sockets must be mounted to be available for Tracee.
For example, if running Tracee using Docker, and ContainerD runtime:
docker run --name tracee -it --rm \
--pid=host --cgroupns=host --privileged \
-v /etc/os-release:/etc/os-release-host:ro \
-v /var/run/containerd:/var/run/containerd:ro \
aquasec/tracee:latest
Most container runtimes have their sockets installed by default in /var/run, so mounting this path can also be a good option.
Supported Container Runtime Engines
Tracee supports the following container runtimes and will look in the following paths for their socket files:
1. Docker: /var/run/docker.sock
2. Containerd: /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
3. CRI-O: /var/run/crio/crio.sock
4. Podman: /var/run/podman/podman.sock
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Hello guys,
I need help with one task. I've to make a program which generates random numbers and stores them in an array. How many numbers to be extracted depends on the arrays length, which are parameters in the class constructor. The array needs to contain only one instence of each number, in a range from 100 to 1000, both limits included. I also need to find the smallest, largest and the average value of the numbers in the array and the absolute value closest to the average value. At last I need to print my result on a text area with JOptionPane.showMessageDialog.
When I've finished this class (UniqueNumber), I need to make a new class with my main-method, and test out all methods on UniqueNumber class.
How should I begin on this program? Could anyone give me some hints/tips for how I should start? I guess I need to declare some private fields for the Random generator, the array (private int[] randNum and private Random generator... Do I need something more?) and constructor for these fields.
Sounds like you're heading in the right direction. A class that creates the (private) array, with methods for min/max etc. A testing class with a main method that creates an instance of the number class and calls its methods to get values that it displays.
I think you've got enough to start coding. Start with the smallest subset that you can possibly execute (eg main creates an instance that just populates its array with numbers 1..n and prints them to prove its working.
Then do random numbers, then the statistical methods. Finally do the GUI display. At every stage compile and test the code (using simple print statements) to get things working one bit at a time. Do not attempt to code it all in one go.
Thanks for your help. One of my problems is that I clearly don't understand how I can generate all those numbers in range 100 to 1000, and that the array only need to consist of one instaece of each number..
Member Avatar for hfx642
a. Look up the Math class
b. Keep an array of booleans, indexed 0-900, and keep track of when a particular number is generated. ie. If 123 is generated, 123 - 100 = 23 (your index of your array). If it already set to true, disregard and generate another number.
Another idea on how to achieve uniqueness: Do it like cards in a deck: Generate the numbers 100 to 1000 and put them, in order, in an array of 901 elements (0 to 900). Then "shuffle" them: For each element, from 0 to 900, swap that element with a randomly selected index/element. Then, given that they want "N" numbers, use only the first "N". Doing this avoids performance problems that occur when the user asks for near 900 elements (or over 901!!!).
Thanks for help. I could make an array with 900 elemenets, but my task says that my arrays should have something between 50-100 elements. It all depends on the arrays length...
Maybe you just have to do it the hard way - for each new random number check if its already in the array by scanning through the existing entries - not elegant, but surprisingly fast.
Hello guys, and thanks for your answers. I managed to solve my problem by creating a boolean method which runs through the array and check if it has the same number. If it has, it will return true, and if not, false. Then I created another class which generates the numbers using the boolean class.
I have a few more questions though. I need to find the minimum, maximum and the average value, and I have no idea for how I should do that. I thought about using some if-else statements, but I don't do it right..
I have these under my class:
private final int MAX_VALUE = 1000, MIN_VALUE = 100; //(i need to use these)
//If I can find the minimun vaue, I think I'm able to find the max value.
public int lowestNumber()
{
int low = MIN_VALUE;
if( min >= MIN_VALUE && min < MAX_VALUE ) // i declared min as private statement
low += min;
return low;
I don't get the output I want, just 100. What am I doing wrong? I fould be thankfull if somoene could help me to find the average number and the absolute value closest to the average :D
Hmm... OK, where does "min" variable come from in this case?
To find a minimum value in a collection such as an array, you need to set a variable with the greatest possible value. Then you iterate through the collection/array and compare the value from the collection with the variable you have. If the value from the collection is lower than the value you have, set the value from the collection to the value. After you finish the iteration, the value should contain the lowest number.
commented: Good short answer that sets the student in the right direction. +6
I declared is as a private statement.. But I changed it a little bit: Do you mean something like this?
public int lowestNumber()
{
int min = MAX_VALUE;
for(int i = 0; i<randNum.length; i++)
if(randNum[i] < min)
min = randNum[i];
return min;
}
Hmm, I don't know why, but I managed to solve my problem by setting int i = 1 in the for-loop.. Could anyone explain what happened? xD why didnt 0 work, but 1?
What is the problem when you use int i=0? Does it throw an exception? What kind of the error??? Did you check what your randNum array contains? You could simply display it on the monitor to see if there is any unexpected value in your array.
I'm guessing that you didn't initialize randNum[0], so it's value was zero. If your random numbers are never less than 100, this would make it seem as if it's not working.
Be a part of the DaniWeb community
We're a friendly, industry-focused community of developers, IT pros, digital marketers, and technology enthusiasts meeting, networking, learning, and sharing knowledge.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Optimal OS for game dedicated server
Bogdan_Floares
New Member
Oct 8, 2021
3
0
1
What OS(excluding linux, ubuntu and other unix like OS and excluding windows server OS) should I use for operating a dedicated server for running the server files for my game?
pricklypunter
Well-Known Member
Nov 10, 2015
1,661
485
83
Canada
Pretty much any decent server oriented 'nix platform would be the way to go, Debian would be my go to base OS for something like this, but as you are excluding that... :)
amalurk
Active Member
Dec 16, 2016
250
75
28
99
What a strange question when basically all the major games with online components run on Linux backends or if they are PC games with small bolted on dedicated servers they run Windows or Linux or both.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
The Second World War took place between 1939-45 and was commonly known as ‘The Peoples War’, often remembered as a time when class barriers broke down and liberation from traditional codes – especially for women took place. Sue Bruley’s Women in Britain since 1900 focuses on the varying roles of women in Britain with particular attention on the role of women during WW2. In her chapter, ‘We Can Do It!’ Bruley explains how ‘The outbreak of the war produced conflicting tendencies as regards women’s labour. A wave of conservative nostalgia swept the country and many enlisted men felt that a wife at home symbolized what the struggle was all about. Many women, on the other hand, realized that the war might give them increased opportunities and were keen to take advantage of this’ (Bruley, 1999, 93). Florence recalls helping her young niece Dora who was trying to get into the services but was too young for both the Army and the Land Army however, seeing how keen she was too help Florence added two years to her age and she started at A.T.S in the Royal Queens Regiment.
From March 1941 all women aged 19 to 40 had to register at employment exchanges. This was progressively increased, so that by 1943 50-year olds were included. On the basis of this, women could be directed into specific jobs. ‘Women were classified as either ‘mobile’ or ‘immobile’. Single women without dependants were mobile and could, therefore, be directed to work anywhere they were needed. Married women were regarded as immobile and had to be found work locally.’ (Bruley, 1999, 93) Florence tells us:
“Because we had no family I had to do a war job I applied for a job as a lady gardener at Hampton-Court Palace starting on 11th November 1938 and stayed there for 4 years…” (30)
I think it’s touching how Florence’s fond memories of her Father working at Hampton-Court Palace led her to apply for work there during the war and in a sense following her Father’s footsteps.
“It was hard work I used to cycle from our home in Stoneleigh to Tolworth Station, I had the key to the shed there where I put my bicycle, no one about it was so early 4.30 in the morning. I walked to the Red Lion bus stop, caught a trolley bus to Kingston – then to Hampton-Court we started work at 5.30 in the summer time the clocks were altered then so we had more hours to work.” (30) Florence describes there being four lady gardeners as well as the older gardeners who were too old for war.
We had the press there one whole day taking photos of us working, we asked what was it for and was told the photos will be in books etc telling the people abroad what the women were doing, such as taking a man’s job on while he was at war.” (31)
The Extended Employment of Women agreement (1940) gave women doing ‘men’s work’ without assistance or extra supervision the right to graduate towards the male rate over a period of time, but it also made clear that women were to be regarded as temporary workers. The Restoration of Pre-War Practices Act (1942) guaranteed their removal at the end of the war.
Florence remembers how they use to get many raids because they lived in a direct air route to London and the planes used to take their bearings from the River Thames. In her memoir she describes how during this time their home was bombed on the 9th September 1940 at 5-30 in the evening and how her and John had hid in the cupboard under the stairs which they had made as a cover during air raids. She remembers how frightening the raid was telling us that her clothes were torn and buttons had been lost from her dress as she climbed out. Florence describes the aftermath of the bomb falling telling us they were forced to leave their poor damaged house which they loved and take refuge in the local church – “All the houses were new, and we were all married about just over a year it was all very sad. We had to stay in the church all night – I spent most of my time looking after the babies who had been put to bed on tables.” (32)
She writes how supportive and strong her Father was to her during this difficult time describing how he came over to help clean up the mess cycling all the way from Hampton-Court Palace where he worked as a warder watching the Palace overnight. After finding Florence and John at the church, she tells us how she broke down in tears crying and how her Father was very sympathetic, kissing them and saying:
“be brave, chins up, don’t give up, this is what Hitler wants to do to us all, we will show him what we are made of…” (34).
Florence explains how this pep talk made her feel so much better and her Father having been a soldier for 25 years knew what he was talking about. Florence describes how when her Father was told he was too old for regular service being 58, he helped to train the Militia at the local hall and other A.R.P work although was very sad when he was told he was too old for the
army saying: “The only army I am fit for is the Salvation army” (34). Florence goes on to tell us of a memory of being in the cinema with her mother when a news flash came on instructing all territorials to report to the Barracks immediately her mother turned to her and said we must get home as her younger brother Wally was in the territorials. Florence writes how on arriving home she found her father at the front door waving Wally off claiming: “When I was at war I didn’t ever believe I would live to see the day I saw my own son off to war. God help us” (35).
Another year later, Florence and John’s home was bombed once again. On another occasion, Florence tells us how she and John’s mother were visiting her parents when there was a raid on and a thick fog looming over London. Owing to the weather, Florence explains that the planes were flying low, so low in fact that a plane knocked the fence down around the park and two Spitfires collided killing both pilots inside. Whilst this was taking place, Florence and her Mother in law lay on the wet ground frightened and shocked waiting until they were helped to safety.
Memories of war began early for Florence, witnessing the effects of WW1 on her active Father as well as the effects it had upon her mother and life at home. Having experienced the turbulent effects of WW2 more directly, it comes as no surprise that Florence was relieved for war to finally be over and even more so that this would enable the next chapter of her life to begin. After 9 years of marriage she tells us, we were blessed with a son Richard John born April 20th :
“At last my dad’s words had come true he said just before he died that I should be blessed with a child” (39).
Bruley, Sue. Women in Britain since 1900, (Macmillan Press Ltd: Great Britain), 1999.
181 COOTER, Florence Anne, ‘Seventh Child’, MS, pp.71 (c.71,000 words). Brunel University Library found in John Burnett, David Vincent and David Mayall (eds) The Autobiography of the Working Class: An Annotated, Critical Bibliography 1790-1945, 3 vols. (Brighton: Harvester, 1984, 1987, 1989)
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Bandar Baru Sentul
Bandar Baru Sentul is a major area located within the east side of the suburb of Sentul, Kuala Lumpur.
|
WIKI
|
First big update in over 5 months :P Though you may have noticed many minor changes since then; I still very much keep an eye on Gamocosm even when I’m not actively developing new features (apparently, once every half year now :P ).
I believe it was requested before early on, but now feeling comfortable with the status of Gamocosm (it’s been mostly stable for the past many months, as far as I know xD ), I decided to pick this feature up, as requested almost 2 months ago on GitHub (link). I had school and persistent real life issues which kept delaying progress, but finally I sat down and cranked the rest of it out. There’s now a “Schedule” tab where you can set different times of the week to start/stop your server. Also, you can choose the autoshutdown duration now.
The schedule is still in beta!
I actually did quite some manual testing of specific parts, and wrote unit tests for as much as I good, but it hasn’t been tested live yet! I’ll be doing some myself the next few days, but if you try it out please be patient if it breaks, and it’d be greatly appreciated if you would report any issues on GitHub. Thanks!
What is
I believe there are better instructions under the “Schedule” tab for a server (where you actually set it up), but here I’ll try to explain what it is. The schedule is based on a week - so you can have it start/stop every Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/etc. It’s also limited to 30 minute intervals currently - though it should be a quick change to change that in the future, though there are some technical limitations - which I’ll explain below. You specify “rules” on each line, where a rule is [day of week] [hour]:[minute] [am or pm] [start or stop]. You can have a server start at a certain time, then let autoshutdown stop it.
Implementation details
I posted some thoughts in the GitHub issue, but basically I went with a single, periodic background worker + limitted intervals. Here’s the diff.
Based on the day of week, hour, and minute (currently limitted to 0 or 30), an integer “partition” is calculated. When the periodic background worker runs, it figures out the current partition. This way, it can look up all the tasks it should be running for the current chunk of time.
The benefit of this approach is that there isn’t any intermediate state. If each server had background workers for all their scheduled tasks, and at arbitrary times, it would get particularly messy trying to figure out what to do when the user updates the schedule. It’s not hard to change the partition interval to, say 15 minutes. I think Sidekiq (what Gamocosm uses for background tasks) is pretty accurate, and I know it’s very efficient, but I gave partitions a 5 minute buffer currently (if it’s 5:55 it’ll get all the jobs for 6:00). Shortening the time interval below 10 minutes may cause some issues, but I doubt that’s neccessary. Maybe 30 minutes is too big; maybe people would like to start their servers at 5:55 so it’s up by 6 instead of starting at 6. I don’t know how people are using it (my play time is erratic so I just start my servers when I’m ready), so let me know if you have any feedback!
PS: maybe the writing in this post sucks, I’m sorry :S Tired, but really wanted to get this out since I’m happy about it. Maybe in the future I’ll tidy it up/someone will ask for clarification on something
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.