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Eugène Marais
Eugène Nielen Marais (9 January 1871 – 29 March 1936) was a South African lawyer, naturalist, and important writer and poète maudit in the Second Language Movement of Afrikaans literature. Since his death by his own hand, Marais has been widely hailed as a literary and scientific genius and a cultural hero of the Afrikaner people.
His early years, before and during the Boer War
Marais was born in Pretoria, the thirteenth and last child of Jan Christiaan Nielen Marais and Catharina Helena Cornelia van Niekerk. He attended school in Pretoria, Boshof and Paarl, and much of his early education was in English, as were his earliest poems. He matriculated at the age of sixteen.
His family fluently spoke Afrikaans, Dutch, and English. In Marais's early teens, he started writing English poetry and greedily devoured the verse of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Robert Burns, the Lake poets, and the English Romantics.
After leaving school, he worked in Pretoria as a legal clerk and then as a journalist before becoming owner (1891, at the age of twenty) of a newspaper called Land en Volk (Country and (the Afrikaner) People). He involved himself deeply in local politics. In his role as a journalist and newspaper editor, Marais became a vocal critic of Paul Kruger, the widely revered President of the Republic of Transvaal, which made Marais a very unpopular figure.
He began taking opiates at an early age and graduated to morphine (then considered to be non-habit forming and safe) very soon thereafter. He became addicted, and his drug addiction ruled his affairs and actions to a greater or lesser extent throughout his life. When asked why he took drugs, he variously pleaded ill health, insomnia and, later, the death of his young wife as a result of the birth of his only child. Much later, he blamed accidental addiction while ill with malaria in Mozambique. Some claim his use of drugs was experimental and influenced by the philosophy of de Quincey.
Marais married Aletta "Lettie" Beyers (1871–1895), about whom he wrote in a letter to a friend: "She is just about the most perfect female in body and mind that God ever planted in South Africa." Shortly after the birth of a son, and eleven months into the marriage, she died from puerperal fever, purportedly caused by the inebriated doctor who attended the birth. The child, Eugène Charles Gerard Marais (1895–1977) was Marais's only child. The death devastated Marais and caused him to sink further into morphine addiction.
In 1897 – still in his mid-twenties – Marais went to London to read medicine. However, under pressure from his friends, he entered the Inner Temple to study law. He qualified as an advocate. When the Boer War broke out in 1899, he was put on parole as an enemy alien in London. During the latter part of the war he joined a German expedition that sought to ship ammunition and medicines to the Boer Commandos via Portuguese East Africa. However, he was struck down there by malaria and, before the supplies could be delivered to the Boers, the war ended in 1902.
After the war
Marais switched from composing poetry in English to composing in Afrikaans during the despondent era that followed the British defeat and conquest of the two Boer Republics. As the leader of the Second Afrikaans Language Movement, Marais work was translated into various languages either late in his life or after his death.
From 1905 Marais studied nature in the Waterberg ('Water Mountain'), a wilderness area north of Pretoria, and wrote in his native Afrikaans about the animals he observed. His studies of termites led him to conclude that the colony ought to be considered as a single organism, a prescient insight that predated the elaboration of the idea by Richard Dawkins. In the Waterberg, Marais also studied the black mamba, spitting cobra and puff adder. Moreover, he observed a specific troop of baboons at length, and from these studies there sprang numerous magazine articles and the books My Friends the Baboons and The Soul of the Ape. He is acknowledged as the father of the scientific study of the behaviour of animals, known as Ethology.
His book Die Siel van die Mier (The Soul of the Ant, but usually given in English as the Soul of the White Ant) was plagiarised by Nobel laureate Maurice Maeterlinck, who published La Vie des Termites (translated into English as The Life of Termites or The Life of White Ants), an entomological book, in what has been called "a classic example of academic plagiarism" by University of London's professor of biology, David Bignell.
Marais accused Maeterlinck of having used his concept of the "organic unity" of the termitary in his book. Marais had published his ideas on the termitary in the South African Afrikaans-language press, both in Die Burger in January 1923 and in Huisgenoot, which featured a series of articles on termites under the title "Die Siel van die Mier" (The Soul of the (White) Ant) from 1925 to 1926. Maeterlinck's book, with almost identical content, was published in 1926. It is alleged that Maeterlinck had come across Eugene Marais's series of articles, and that it would have been easy for Maeterlinck to translate from Afrikaans to French, since Maeterlinck knew Dutch and had already made several translations from Dutch into French before. It was common at the time for worthy articles published in Afrikaans to be reproduced in Flemish and Dutch magazines and journals.
Marais sent a letter to Dr. Winifred de Kock in London about Maeterlinck, in which he wrote that "The famous author had paid me the left-handed compliment of cribbing the most important part of my work... He clearly desired his readers to infer that he had arrived at certain of my theories (the result of ten years of hard labour in the veld) by his own unaided reason, although he admits that he never saw a termite in his life. You must understand that it was not merely plagiarism of the spirit of a thing, so to speak. He has copied page after page verbally."
Supported by a coterie of Afrikaner Nationalist friends, Marais sought justice through the South African press and attempted an international lawsuit. This was to prove financially impossible and the case was not pursued. However, Marais gained a measure of renown as the aggrieved party and as an Afrikaner researcher who had opened himself up to plagiarism because he published in Afrikaans out of nationalistic loyalty. Marais brooded at the time of the scandal: "I wonder whether Maeterlinck blushes when he reads such things [critical acclaim], and whether he gives a thought to the injustice he does to the unknown Boer worker?"
Maeterlinck's own words in The Life of Termites indicate that the possible discovery or accusation of plagiarism worried him:
It would have been easy, in regard to every statement, to allow the text to bristle with footnotes and references. In some chapters there is not a sentence but would have clamoured for these; and the letterpress would have been swallowed up by vast masses of comment, like one of those dreadful books we hated so much at school. There is a short bibliography at the end of the volume which will no doubt serve the same purpose. Despite these misgivings, there is no reference to Eugène Marais in the bibliography. Maeterlinck's other works on entomology include The Life of the Ant (1930).
Professor VE d'Assonville wrote about Maeterlinck as "the Nobel Prize winner who had never seen a termite in his whole life and had never put a foot on the soil of Africa, least of all in the Waterberg.".
There is evidence that Marais's time and research in the Waterberg brought him great peace and joy and provided him with artistic inspiration. In the poem Waar Tebes in die stil woestyn, he writes (as translated into English by J. W. Marchant) 'There would I know peace once more, where Tebes in the quiet desert lifts it mighty rockwork on high ...'. (Tebus is one of the principal peaks of the area). That said, Marais was a long-term morphine addict and suffered from melancholy, insomnia, depression and feelings of isolation.
Also while living in the Waterberg District, Marais's literary output was heavily influenced by, "the pure poetry," he learned from local San people, Nama people, Khoi people, and from Herero refugees from German Southwest Africa. Marais also collected a very large store of African folklore in the Waterberg District from an elderly San storyteller locally nicknamed Ou Hendrick. Marais published his stories in Afrikaans under the title Dwaalstories ("Wandering Stories").
Several years before his death, the Rev. A. J. Louw, an Afrikaner Calvinist dominee known as "The Pope of the Highveld", confronted Marais during a haus bezoek, or ministerial visitation, for believing in Darwinian evolution. Marais replied, "Don't pick on me, Dominee. It's a matter between you and the Almighty. I really had nothing to do with the creation of the Universe."
One of Marais's last poems, Diep Rivier ("Deep River"), is an ode to the drug morphine and was written ten years before its author's death by his own hand.
Death
On March 29, 1936, having been forsaken by his friends and family and deprived of morphine for several days, Marais borrowed a shotgun on the pretext of killing a snake and shot himself in the chest. The wound was not fatal, and Marais therefore put the gun barrel in his mouth and pulled the trigger.
Marais took his own life on the farm Pelindaba, which belonged to his friend Gustav Preller. For those who are familiar with the dark moods of certain of Marais's poems, there is a black irony there; in Zulu language, Pelindaba means 'the end of the business' – although the more common interpretation is 'Place of great gatherings'.
Robert Ardrey, an admirer of Eugène Marais's, attributed Marais's suicide to the theft of his intellectual property by Maeterlinck. Ardrey said in his introduction to The Soul of the Ape, published in 1969, that 'As a scientist he was unique, supreme in his time, yet a worker in a science unborn.' He also refers to Marais's work at length in his book African Genesis.
Eugéne Marais and his wife Aletta lie buried in the Heroes' Acre, Pretoria.
Legacy
Marais's work as a naturalist, although by no means trivial (he was one of the first scientists to practise ethology and was repeatedly acknowledged as such by Robert Ardrey and others), gained less public attention and appreciation than his literary work. He discovered the Waterberg Cycad, which was named after him (Encephalartos eugene-maraisii). He was the first person to study the behaviour of wild primates, and his observations continue to be cited in contemporary evolutionary biology. He is among the greatest of the Afrikaner poets and remains one of the most popular, although his output was not large. Opperman described him as the first professional poet in Afrikaans; Marais believed that craft was as important as inspiration for poetry. Along with J. H. H. de Waal and G. S. Preller, he was a leading light in the Second Afrikaans Language Movement in the period immediately after the Second Boer War, which ended in 1902. Some of his finest poems deal with the wonders of life and nature, but he also wrote about his own inexorable death. Marais was isolated due to some of his beliefs. He was a self-confessed pantheist and claimed that the only time he entered a church was for weddings. An assessment of Marais's status as an Afrikaner hero was published by historian Sandra Swart.
Marais was also fascinated by the folklore, cultures, and traditions of the Bantu peoples of the rural Transvaal; this is often seen in poems such as "Die Dans van die Reën" (The Dance of the Rain).
Since his death, Eugène Marais has been cited as the prototype of the many dissident Afrikaans-speaking poets, writers, and intellectuals in South Africa under apartheid (1948–1994). At the beginning of his 1982 book, The Adversary Within: Dissident Writers in Afrikaans, Jack Cope explained that the famous confrontation between Eugène Marais and Rev. A. J. Louw is symptomatic of a much wider dispute in Afrikaner culture.
Many highly important figures in Afrikaans literature during the Apartheid felt similarly, according to André Brink, "torn between attachment to their language, situation, and people on the one hand and their desire to bring about innovations, which are rejected or misunderstood. The writers find themselves too far ahead of their people and may become isolated, aliens in their own land – the fate of Eugène Marais."
Poetry translations
The following translation of Marais's "Winternag" is by J. W. Marchant:
"Winter's Night"
O the small wind is frigid and spare and bright in the dim light and bare as wide as God's merciful boon the veld lies in starlight and gloom and on the high lands spread through burnt bands the grass-seed, astir, is like beckoning hands. O East-wind gives mournful measure to song Like the lilt of a lovelorn lass who's been wronged In every grass fold bright dewdrop takes hold and promptly pales to frost in the cold!
While the above translation is generally faithful, and is a fine poem in English, it does not quite capture the terse directness of the Afrikaans language, which makes Afrikaans poetry so bittersweet and evocative, striking straight to the heart and soul. Below follows a translation by Farrell Hope, which may closer reflect the original Afrikaans idiom. Note the above version by J. W. Marchant, as well as the third version below by At de Lange, both translate the Afrikaans word in the poem skade (damage) as if it was skadu (shade). This is a common error in translating the poem and misses the point Marais was making: that the British forces had destroyed the Boer farms.
"Winternight"
O the small wind is frigid and spare and bright in the dim light and bare as wide as God's merciful boon the veld lies in starlight and gloom and on the high lands spread through burnt bands the grass-seed, astir, is like beckoning hands. O East-wind gives mournful measure to song Like the lilt of a lovelorn lass who's been wronged In every grass fold bright dewdrop takes hold and promptly pales to frost in the cold!
An English translation by At de Lange preserves the musicality of the poem quite well:
"Winter's Night"
O cold is the slight wind,
and keen.
Bare and bright in dim light
is seen,
as vast as the graces of God,
the veld's starlit and fire-scarred sod.
To the high edge of the lands,
spread through the scorched sands,
new seed-grass is stirring
like beckoning hands.
O mournful the tune
of the East-wind refrain,
like the song of a girl
who loved but in vain.
One drop of dew glistens
on each grass-blade's fold
and fast does it pale
to frost in the cold!
Die Wonderwerker
This 2012 movie directed by Katinka Heyns explores Marais's convalescence from malaria on a farm in the Waterberg.
Cultural References
* Eugene Marais is fictionalised in Brian Catling's Vorrh trilogy in the last of the series, The Cloven.
* The Soul of the Ape is visible on the floor of the hotel room of the protagonist in the 1975 film The Passenger by Michelangelo Antonioni.
* The Soul of the Ape and The Soul of the Ant are both referenced in the book The Soul of Viktor Tronko by David Quammen, published 1987
The Marais name
The progenitors of the Marais name in the region were Charles and Claude Marais, from the Paris region of France. The Marais name has retained its original French spelling and pronunciation in South Africa.
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How To: Unlock the Bootloader on Your LG G6 (T-Mobile Variant)
Unlock the Bootloader on Your LG G6 (T-Mobile Variant)
Preorders for the LG G6 have all been fulfilled, and the phone has been up for grabs at local cell phone providers for three weeks now. However, not every LG G6 was created and released equally. The T-Mobile variant of the LG G6 features an unlockable bootloader, while most other North American variants come with a tightly locked down bootloader, which effectively limits the full potential of your brand new fairly expensive phone.
If you purchased the device from T-Mobile, you'll be able to unlock your bootloader with a couple of Fastboot commands, which truly unlocks the full potential of your device when it comes to root and custom ROMs. If you didn't purchase the LG G6 from T-Mobile, then you'll have to patiently wait for an exploit to be found. Meanwhile, T-Mobile users will likely be able to root their devices in the near future, and unlocking the bootloader is the first step for doing that.
Prerequisites
Step 1: Install ADB & Fastboot
Before doing anything else, ADB and Fastboot will need to be installed on your computer. ADB is how we'll be navigating to the bootloader, and Fastboot is how we'll unlock it. It's strongly recommended to install the official version from Google, and we've explained how to do so in Method 1 at the following link:
Step 2: Enable OEM Unlocking & USB Debugging
After you've installed ADB and Fastboot, you'll have to enable a few things in your Developer options, if not done so already. If you don't see a Developer options menu under the Software info section in your Settings, it's easy to unlock.
In the Developer options, turn on the "OEM unlocking" option and press "Enable" when prompted, then confirm your choice on the second popup. Then enable "USB debugging" in the same manner.
Step 3: Get ADB Up & Running
Next, open up a Command Prompt or Terminal window and change directories to the platform-tools folder inside of your ADB and Fastboot installation directory. For Windows users, this folder can be found at C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools if you followed the guide in Step 1. For Mac and Linux users, it depends on where you installed ADB, so search your hard drive for the "platform-tools" folder if you're unsure about its location.
Changing directories to the "platform-tools" folder on Windows.
At this point, you'll have to connect your phone to your computer. When you do, make sure to check off the "Always allow debugging" option that will pop up around the same time. Give your computer about half a minute to automatically download the required LG Drivers. Then type in the following command and hit enter:
adb start-server
This command starts the ADB server which will communicate with your device.
Step 4: Unlock the Bootloader & Reboot
Now type in the following command to reboot your phone into bootloader mode:
adb reboot bootloader
Once you've done that, this next command will actually unlock your bootloader. Be aware that the process of unlocking your bootloader will wipe all data on your phone, but if you're okay with that, go ahead and type in the following command, then hit enter:
fastboot oem unlock
Next, wait at least one minute for the unlocking and wiping procedure to finish, then enter the following command to wrap things up:
fastboot reboot
That's all there is to it! Your bootloader is now unlocked, opening a wide door for root and TWRP possibilities. Be sure to keep track of future updates, as we'll cover the LG G6 root process as soon as a method become available. Feel free to leave a comment down below letting us know which root apps and mods you're looking forward to the most.
Cover image and screenshots by Kevin M./Gadget Hacks
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Oxyelite Pro Side Effects
Oxyelite Pro is a pill that can help burn fat. Usually it should be taken with meals. However, because of its "instant" claims to burn body fat, there are skeptics who think it may not work. The side effects are minimal, but they are important to know.
1. Catabolic. Because of Oxyelite's ability to decrease the appetite and increase metabolism sweat is a common side effect. However, because of Oxyelite's ability to decrease the appetite while its burning fat, muscles can become catabolic which means that they can break down. So, it is important to continuously use your muscles while taking Oxyelite Pro.
2. Caffeine. Oxyelite Pro uses minimal amounts of caffeine in order to speed up metabolism. Sometimes the caffeine in Oxyelite Pro can come all at once or in random order. These side effects include restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, increased urination, gastroinstestinal disturbances such as gas and increased stool movement, rapid heart beat, muscle twitching, and irritability. Another side effect of the caffeine in Oxyelite Pro is the capability for it to become addictive. When coming off of Oxyelite Pro, withdrawal from the caffeine can cause nausea and headaches.
3. Hot Flashes. Some users of Oxyelite Pro have reported hot flashes. This is from the the increase in thermogenic compounds which can increase the metabolism. The side effect of increased metabolism is sudden hot flashes.
4. Erectile Issues. For some male users of Oxyelite Pro, erectile disfunction. This effect comes from the 1,3 dimethylamylamine. This ingredient is a vascoconstrictor. This side effect will only last for a few days.
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What is Agile testing?
June 5, 2018
What Is Agile Testing?
Agile
Test Management
Agile testing is software testing that follows the best practices of Agile development.
For example, Agile development takes an incremental approach to design. Similarly, Agile testing includes an incremental approach to testing. In this type of software testing, features are tested as they are developed.
Agile Testing Supports Continuous Testing
Agile test strategy supports DevOps and continuous testing. And continuous testing is important to improving product quality.
In Agile development, testing needs to happen early and often. So, instead of waiting for development to be finished before testing begins, testing happens continuously as features are added.
Tests are prioritized just like user stories. Testers aim to get through as many tests as they can in an iteration. Adding automated testing tools can help testers get through more of the testing backlog.
Learn how to transition to Agile testing. Get the white paper >
Agile Testers Collaborate With Developers
QA is everyone’s responsibility in Agile. So, Agile testers and developers need to work closely together. Communication and collaboration are key.
Agile development is often driven by tests. Developers use Agile testing methods like TDD (test-driven development) to write the test first. Then they write the code that will be verified by the test. And developers and Agile testers should collaborate before user stories (e.g., requirements) are set.
Once development and testing are underway, communication remains important. Agile testers should be testing as developers write code. Plus, developers will probably do some testing. And Agile testers will probably do some coding.
In Agile development, the definition of done is a shared, standardized understanding among the team that a particular user story has been completed. The acceptance criteria in a user story are what will help drive the definition of done. If the user story passes the acceptance criteria, it can be considered done. This includes testing or validating the acceptance criteria. So, a test verifies that you’ve completed the user story.
It’s important that both Agile testers and developers know what has been tested and what defects still need to be resolved.
Agile Test Methodology: 5 Examples
Tests come first in Agile development. When you create a user story, you need to define the acceptance criteria. This drives testing and validation of the user stories.
It doesn’t matter which Agile test methodology you use — Scrum, XP, Kanban. The following are typically used for Agile testing methods.
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
Test-driven development (TDD) starts with tests. This type of development begins by discussing what you want to test and then creating a user story. So, you start by writing a unit test. Then you write the user story. Finally, you write the code until the unit test passes.
TDD is typically used on unit and component tests — which can be done with automated testing tools. TDD makes sure the features are working as they should be.
Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)
Acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) is similar. But ATDD starts with customer input on functionality. This type of development begins by discussing how the product will be used. So, you write a user acceptance test (UAT). And then you write the code until it passes the test.
ATDD is typically used for acceptance tests. It verifies that the product functions as users would expect.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
Behavior-driven development often stems from TDD and ATDD. In behavior-driven development, the purpose of development needs to be tied to a business outcome. So, you’ll have a user story — but the user story needs to answer why (in business terms) this feature is being developed. And in BDD, tests are included in user stories as scenarios or specifications.
BDD is also used for acceptance tests. It verifies that the product functions are necessary for the desired business outcome.
Exploratory Testing
Exploratory testing is a style of testing that lets testers follow their intuition — rather than a predefined path. It’s typically manual. You record what you’re doing and save it as a test. And you figure out what exactly it is that you’re testing as you go.
Exploratory testing is typically used to find hidden risks within a product. These would be bugs that are missed in functional tests done in TDD.
Session-Based Testing
Session-based testing has some similarities to exploratory testing. But there’s a little more structure in session-based testing. Instead of figuring out what you’re testing as you go, you start with a mission in mind.
Session-based testing is also used to find hidden bugs within a project.
Create Your Agile Test Strategy
Testing in traditional development typically includes a test plan. But a well-documented test plan is not common in Agile development. Instead, Agile testers need to be flexible and ready to respond to shifts in requirements.
So, there needs to be an Agile test strategy rather than an Agile test plan.
There are many ways to outline your Agile test strategy. You may simply outline the strategy in a document. You might create a test matrix. Or, you might use a Kanban board.
No matter which Agile test methodology you take, your strategy should include:
• Purpose (defined by the user story).
• Objectives (test cases).
• Scope (what needs to be tested).
• Methods (how tests will be run).
Creating an Agile test strategy is easy when you’re using the right testing tools — such as Helix ALM.
Here’s how you create an Agile test strategy in Helix ALM:
• Start with a purpose.
• Decide what you want to test.
• Write a user story, including acceptance criteria (your definition of done).
• Create a test case from that user story (automatically).
• Generate a test run to validate the user story.
Here’s an example of an Agile test strategy in Helix ALM.
The backlog includes user stories — the items that need to be developed and tested. These are prioritized in order of importance. And this example shows development and testing in progress — and tests that have been completed.
Agile test strategy example
Benefits of Agile Test Methodology
Agile testing improves product quality and enables development teams to release software on shorter cycles. And effective test case management helps Agile testers.
You’ll find and fix errors faster. So, you’ll lower the risk of finding a bug at the very end of testing — and missing a deadline.
You’ll make customers happy by delivering regular releases. So, you’ll improve customer retention rates.
And you’ll manage the scope of each release. That helps you prioritize features for each iteration and deliver the most important ones first.
Of course, there will be some challenges with Agile testing. But the future of development is Agile. It’s time for testers to embrace it.
Transition to Agile Testing
Make the transition to Agile testing easier. Download “Agile Development Methodologies for Testers”.
Get the White Paper Try Agile Testing
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 93.djvu/1391
PUBLIC LAW 96-187—JAN. 8, 1980
93 STAT. 1359
Commission within 15 days after notification that no action should be taken against such person on the basis of the complaint. The Commission may not conduct any investigation or take any other action under this section solely on the basis of a complaint of a person whose identity is not disclosed to the Commission. "(2) If the Commission, upon receiving a complaint under paragraph (1) or on the basis of information ascertained in the normal course of carrying out its supervisory responsibilities, determines, by an affirmative vote of 4 of its members, that it has reason to believe that a person has committed, or is about to commit, a violation of this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Commission shall, through its chairman or vice chairman, notify the person of the alleged violation. Such notification shall set forth the factual basis for such alleged violation. The Commission shall make an investigation of such alleged violation, which may include a field investigation or audit, in accordance with the provisions of this section. "(3) The general counsel of the Commission shall notify the respondent of any recommendation to the Commission by the general counsel to proceed to a vote on probable cause pursuant to paragraph (4)(A)(i). With such notification, the general counsel shall include a brief stating the position of the general counsel on the legal and factual issues of the case. Within 15 days of receipt of such brief, respondent may submit a brief stating the position of such respondent on the legal and factual issues of the case, and replying to the brief of general counsel. Such briefs shall be filed with the Secretary of the Commission and shall be considered by the Commission before proceeding under paragraph (4). "(4)(A)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), if the Commission determines, by an affirmative vote of 4 of its members, that there is probable cause to believe that any person has committed, or is about to commit, a violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Commission shall attempt, for a period of at least 30 days, to correct or prevent such violation by informal methods of conference, conciliation, and persuasion, and to enter into a conciliation agreement with any person involved. Such attempt by the Commission to correct or prevent such violation may continue for a period of not more than 90 days. The Commission may not enter into a conciliation agreement under this clause except pursuant to an affirmative vote of 4 of its members. A conciliation agreement, unless violated, is a complete bar to any further action by the Commission, including the bringing of a civil proceeding under paragraph (6)(A). "(ii) If any determination of the Commission under clause (i) occurs during the 45-day period immediately preceding any election, then the Commission shall attempt, for a period of at least 15 days, to correct or prevent the violation involved by the methods specified in clause (i). "(B)(i) No action by the Commission or any person, and no information derived, in connection with any conciliation attempt by the Commission under subparagraph (A) may be made public by the Commission without the written consent of the respondent and the Commission. "(ii) If a conciliation agreement is agreed upon by the Commission and the respondent, the Commission shall make public any conciliation agreement signed by both the Commission and the respondent. If the Commission makes a determination that a person has not
26 USC 9001 c seq., 9031 et st
Notification o respondent.
Conciliation agreements.
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Richard Ling
Richard Ling, also known as Rich Ling, is a prominent communications scholar specializing in mobile communication. He held the position of Shaw Foundation Professor of Media Technology at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore from 2013 to 2021. Having lived and worked in Norway, Ling has extensively researched the social implications of mobile communication, text messaging and mobile telephony. His work focuses on how mobile communication enables "micro-coordination" among teenagers and fosters social cohesion among generations. Recently, he has explored this phenomenon in the context of large databases and developing countries. Ling has published numerous papers on this topic and is widely cited. He was honored as a Fellow of the International Communication Association in 2016 and appointed editor of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication in 2017.
Biography
Rich Ling, a fourth-generation Colorado native, grew up near Brighton, Colorado. He earned his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Colorado, Boulder, in 1984. He has held teaching positions at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, IT University of Copenhagen and most recently, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Additionally, he has worked as a researcher for the Norwegian telecommunications company Telenor.
Ling has resided in Scandinavia, specifically Norway, for over twenty years. He was a member of the Gruppen for Ressursstudier ("the resource study group") established by Jørgen Randers and partner at Ressurskonsult, a consulting firm that explores the intersection of energy, technology, and society. Additionally, he was part of the Telenor R&D team and maintains an ongoing connection. He has also held the position of Pohs visiting professor of Communication Studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he retains an adjunct position.
In 2012, Richard Ling founded the journal, Mobile Media and Communication, published by SAGE and currently serves as co-editor. He is also the founding co-editor of the Oxford University Press series on mobile communication. Additionally, he has held the position of Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.
Ling moved to Singapore in 2014, where he held an endowed chair in the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University. He headed a research team that focuses on mobile communication in Myanmar and elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
Work
Ling is renowned for his work on the social consequences of mobile communication. His concept of micro-coordination, as outlined in "Hyper-coordination via Mobile Phones in Norway" (co-authored with Birgitte Yttri), describes a significant social impact of mobile communication's widespread adoption in society. Additionally, he has demonstrated how mobile communication enhances social cohesion within small groups and has become an integral part of societal structure.
His book Taken for Grantedness (MIT Press 2012) explores how mobile communication has become an integral part of society, similar to mechanical timekeeping, and was reviewed in the journal Science. His earlier book, New Tech, New Ties (MIT press 2008), won the 2009 Goffman Award from the Media Ecology Association. Ling also authored The Mobile Connection (Morgan Kaufmann), a comprehensive examination of the social consequences of mobile telephony and co-authored Mobile Phones and Mobile Communication with Jonathan Donner.
Ling is a founding co-editor of the SAGE journal Mobile Media and Communication (along with Veronika Karnowski, Thilo von Pape and Steve Jones). In 2017 he was named Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. He is also a founding editor (along with Gerard Goggin and Leopoldina Fortunati) of the Oxford University Press series on mobile communication. He has been the co-editor, along with Scott Campbell, of the Mobile Communication Research Series. He is an associate editor for journals The Information Society, the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, the Journal of Communication as well as Information Technology and International Development. Ling has received recognition as an outstanding scholar from the International Communication Association (The 2010 CROF Award), Rutgers University, and the Telenor Research Award in 2009. He has been interviewed on The Discovery Channel, National Public Radio and Norwegian TV as well as for periodicals such as The New York Times, The Economist, the Los Angeles Times, Der Spiegel, Newsweek, Época (Brazil), Wired, Toronto's The Globe and Mail, Norwegian publications such as Aftenposten, VG, and Dagbladet and Danish publications such as Politiken.
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Balu Mahendra
Balanathan Benjamin Mahendran (19 May 1939 – 13 February 2014), commonly known as Balu Mahendra, cinematographer, director, screenwriter and film editor who worked in various Indian film industries, primarily in Tamil and Malayalam cinema. Born in Sri Lanka, Mahendran developed a passion for photography and literature at a young age, after witnessing the shoot of David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) during a school trip in Sri Lanka, he was drawn towards filmmaking. After graduation he joined as an Aerial photographer in the Sri Lankan Government. In 1966, he moved to India and gained admission to the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) to pursue a course in motion picture photography. Upon completion of his diploma, he entered Malayalam cinema as a cinematographer in the early 1970s.
After working in over 20 films as a cinematographer, Mahendra made his directorial debut in 1977 with the Kannada film Kokila. Since then, he directed over 20 films in a span of 36 years. Along with Bharathiraja and Mahendran, he is regarded as a trendsetter in Tamil cinema. Widely regarded as an auteur, Mahendra usually scripted and edited his films apart from shooting them. He was the recipient of six National Film Awards (including two for Best Cinematography), five Filmfare Awards South and several state government awards. During the tail end of his career, he established a film school in Chennai, which offers courses in cinematography, direction and acting. Following a brief phase of poor health, Mahendra died of cardiac arrest in February 2014.
Early life
Mahendra was born on 19 May 1939 into a Sri Lankan Tamil Christian family in the village Amirthakali near Batticaloa, British Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Born to a professor father, he did his schooling at Methodist Central College and St. Michael's College National School. As a teenager, he was drawn towards films by his class teacher. It was during this time he happened to see Bicycle Thieves (1948) and Battleship Potemkin (1925). When he was at the sixth grade, he got an opportunity to witness the making of David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai (shot in Sri Lanka) during a school field trip. Inspired by Lean's personality, Mahendra determined to become a film-maker.
Right from his childhood, Mahendra was interested in fine arts and literature. Upon completion of school, he joined the London University and graduated with a bachelor's degree (honours) in science. After his graduation, he worked as an Aerial Photographer in the Sri Lankan Government. for a brief period during which he edited a Tamil literary magazine titled Thyen Aruvi. In Colombo, he worked as an amateur drama artist with Radio Ceylon and got acquainted with the Sinhala theatre groups.
Mahendra's passion for cinema prompted him to leave for India and join the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune in 1966. He had to take up cinematography as he could not gain admissions to other disciplines. At the institute he was exposed to world cinema as he got an opportunity to watch films made by François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, both associated with the French New Wave movement. In 1969, Mahendra graduated from the institute with a gold medal.
Debut as cinematographer
As a fresh graduate from the FTII, Mahendra's early attempts to enter Sri Lankan Tamil cinema were unsuccessful. He got his first break as a cinematographer in 1971 in the Malayalam film Nellu. Ramu Kariat, the director of Nellu, was impressed by A View from the Fort, Mahendra's diploma film at the FTII. Though the filming of Nellu began in 1971, production delays postponed its release for three years. Meanwhile, Kariat signed up Mahendra for another film titled Maaya which released in 1972. However, P. N. Menon's Panimudakku (1972) got released before Maaya, thus becoming Mahendra's first release. He continued to work in Malayalam films such as Sasthram Jayichu Manushyan Thottu (1973), Kaliyugam (1973) and Chattakari (1974).
Nellu, shot in colour, won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography after it was released in 1974. Mahendra had continued successes with films such as Prayanam (1975) and Chuvanna Sandhyakal (1975), both fetching the state award for best photography to him for the second consecutive time. Between 1971 and 1976, he worked in about 20 films—mostly in Malayalam—as a cinematographer. The following year he made his directorial debut with Kokila. Made in Kannada, the film was a "triangular love story". In addition to a Best Screenplay award from the Karnataka government, Mahendra won his first National Film Award for Best Cinematography for the film. The film was both critically acclaimed and commercially successful. It was equally successful in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu and has the distinction of being the only Kannada film to complete 150 days in Madras (now Chennai) as of 2014.
Entry into Tamil films
Despite being a Tamil, it was not until 1978 he worked in a Tamil film when he signed up as the cinematographer for Mahendran's directorial debut Mullum Malarum (1978). Apart from handling the cinematography, Mahendra involved himself in other aspects such as screenwriting, casting, editing and direction in the film. After completing Mullum Malarum, Mahendra decided to work on his second directorial venture, this time in Tamil. He named the film Azhiyadha Kolangal (1979), which according to him was "partly autobiographical". Inspired from the 1971 American film Summer of '42, Azhiyadha Kolangal was a coming-of-age film that dealt with the story of three adolescent boys who are in the awakening of sexuality. Although it was controversial for its theme, it was a box-office success. During this time he did the cinematography of K. Vishwanath's Telugu film Sankarabharanam (1979) which turned out to be a major critical and commercial success.
Mahendra's third film as director Moodu Pani (1980) was loosely based on Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film Psycho. Moodu Pani saw Mahendra collaborating with Ilaiyaraaja for the first time; Ilaiyaraaja was Mahendra's regular composer since then. In 1982, Mahendra made Moondram Pirai which had Kamal Haasan and Sridevi in the lead. The film told the story of a school teacher who looks after a girl suffering from amnesia. It had a 300-day run in the theatres and was labelled a "blockbuster". The film fetched two National Film Awards including an award for cinematography for Mahendra. The same year he made Olangal (1982) which marked his directorial debut in Malayalam. Inspired from Erich Segal's novel Man, Woman and Child, the film was a critical success. At the end of the year, Mahendra won two Filmfare trophies for directing Olangal and Moondram Pirai.
In 1983, Mahendra entered Hindi cinema with Sadma, a remake of Moondram Pirai, with Kamal Hasan and Sridevi reprising their roles. Mahendra received a Filmfare nomination for Best Story and became a well-known director with the Hindi audience with the film. The same year, he worked as the cinematographer of the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi, Mani Ratnam's debut film. During this time, he made his second film in Malayalam titled Oomakkuyil. Unlike Olangal, Oomakkuyil failed to create an impact among the audience.
Mainstream cinema and tryst with art film genre
During the mid 1980s, Mahendra concentrated on mainstream films. The first of which Neengal Kettavai (1984) was labelled an outright commercial picture. Later Mahendra noted that he made the film with a sole intention to prove critics that he could make commercial films. The following year, he collaborated with Rajinikanth to make Un Kannil Neer Vazhindal which turned out to be a commercial failure. He then worked on the Malayalam film Yathra (1985) with Mammooty in the lead role as a forest officer. The film was an adaptation of the 1977 Japanese classic The Yellow Handkerchief. Made with "artistic values" the film earned inr 1900000 and ran for more than 200days in theatres and went on to become the highest-grossing Malayalam film of that year. By this time, he declined an offer to direct the Kannada film Malaya Marutha (1986). As a director who is known for making intense films, critics were surprised when he made Rettai Vaal Kuruvi (1987), a full-length comedy film. Closely based on the 1984 American film Micki and Maude, the film is regarded as one of the best comedies ever made in Tamil cinema during the decade. The film would serve as a base for his future films Marupadiyum (1993) and Sathi Leelavathi (1995) which explored similar themes.
Towards the end of the decade, Mahendra made two low-budgeted films—Veedu (1988) and Sandhya Raagam (1989). While Veedu focused on the life of a lower middle-class urban woman and her struggle to build a house, Sandhya Raagam dealt with "old age". At the 35th, Veedu won two National Film Awards—including one for Best Regional Film—and Sandhya Raagam won the Best Film on Family Welfare two years later. According to Mahendra, both the films were a tribute to his mother and father respectively. He named these two films as his best works as they were made with fewest mistakes and compromises.
In 1992, Mahendra made Vanna Vanna Pookkal which was produced by S. Dhanu. The film had a 100-day run and won the award for the "Best Regional Film" at the 39th National Film Awards. During this time M. Night Shyamalan, then a newcomer, approached Mahendra to be the cinematographer for his directorial debut Praying with Anger to which he refused. The next year, he remade Mahesh Bhatt's Arth in Tamil as Marupadiyum. Mahendra made the film as he felt it was close to his personal life. He then came up with a full-length comedy Sathi Leelavathi in 1995 which was produced by Kamal Haasan. The following year, he made a comeback in Bollywood through Aur Ek Prem Kahani, a remake of his Kannada film Kokila. He then made Raman Abdullah (1997), which deals with a friendship between two friends belonging to different religions. The film's shoot became the epicentre of a dispute that arose between the Tamil Film Producers Council and Film Employees Federation of South India (FEFSI). It was reported that members of FEFSI had stopped the filming of Raman Abdullah as Mahendra was engaging outside cast members in the film. This led FEFSI to go for an indefinite strike which affected to the delaying of several Tamil films. The film received negative reviews and failed at the box-office. He then attempted to make film titled Vaarayo Vennilave with Prabhu in the lead role, but the project was later dropped.
After Raman Abdullah, Mahendra took a break from films during which he made Kathai Neram, a television series based on different short stories, mostly by Sujatha. It was aired in Sun TV during the early 2000s.
Final years
Following a five-year sabbatical, he returned with Julie Ganapathi (2003). The film was based on the psychological thriller novel Misery by Stephen King. According to Mahendra, Julie Ganapathi was made on the lines of his previous films Moondram Pirai (1982) and Moodu Pani (1980). A review from Rediff.com stated, "Balu Mahendra has kept the flag of sensible cinema within the commercial format once again in his latest offering Julie Ganapathy" and rated the film as one of the best thrillers ever made. In spite of being a critical success, the film turned out to be a commercial failure. For his next film Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam (2005), he decided to cast Dhanush in the lead role. Initially he stated that the film to be an extension of his 1979 film Azhiyatha Kolangal. However, he ended up making a different film. The film was loosely based on his own Malayalam film Yathra released in 1985. When asked about the difference between the two films, he said "Yat[h]ra was the love story of two adults, this is the love story of two adolescents." Shobha Warrier of Rediff.com wrote that the film was "extremely disappointing".
In 2007, he started a film school named "Cinema Pattarai" in Chennai. The institute offers courses in disciplines such as cinematography, direction and acting. After a brief hiatus from films, he made a comeback through Thalaimuraigal (2013), which marked his acting debut. Apart from acting, he also scripted, directed, edited and served as the cinematographer of the film. The film was about the relationship between an ageing man and his grandson. The film received positive response with Mahendra's acting being well acclaimed. Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu stated, "If Mahendra's aim was to make a film that can compete on a global level, Thalaimuraigal is a concrete step in that direction." Despite being critically acclaimed, the film was a commercial failure. At the 61st National Film Awards, it won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration.
Personal life
Mahendra was married thrice. He was first married to Akhileshwari with whom he had a son. His relationship with actress Shoba ended in 1980 after she committed suicide following their marriage. Upon her death, the media speculated that Mahendra was responsible for her death. Following that, Mahendra wrote a series of "sentimental musings" in the Tamil magazine Kumudam under the title Shobavum Naanum (lit. Shoba and me). Their relationship was explored by K. G. George (Mahendra's junior at the FTII) in his 1983 Malayalam film Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback. When the film was released, Mahendra said that the film had nothing to do with him and has not discussed about it with George. In 1998, he married another actress Mounika and declared their marriage publicly in 2004.
Following a heart attack on 13 February 2014, Mahendra was admitted to Vijaya Hospital in Chennai where he was declared dead after six hours of cardiac arrest. Shortly after the news of his death, members of the Indian film industry posted their condolences in Twitter and Facebook. The Tamil film fraternity mourned the death and paid homage to him at his "film school" in Saligramam, Chennai, and decided not to work on the following day as a sign of respect. The last rites of Mahendra were performed at Porur crematorium on the same day.
Style and legacy
As a photographer, Mahendra was inspired by the works of Néstor Almendros and Michael Chapman. Among his contemporaries, he admired the works of Ashok Kumar. Mahendra believed a "well-photographed movie is that which is very close to the script". As a film-maker, he claimed himself as belonging to the realistic way of story-telling devised by Satyajit Ray and Vittorio De Sica. Mahendra was drawn towards realistic cinema after watching Ray's Pather Panchali (1955). He is credited as being one among the earliest filmmakers to bring "naturalism" in Tamil cinema in the 1970s. He usually photographed, scripted and edited all his films. His films were characterised by strong "visual appeal" and minimal number of characters. A majority of his films centre on the complexity of human relationships and are known to portray women as strong characters. Although influenced by realism, his films Moodu Pani, Rettai Vaal Kuruvi and Julie Ganapathi heavily borrowed from American cinema.
Mahendra was equally praised for his cinematography and directorial finesse. Described by the media as "one of the finest cinematographers of Indian cinema", he was among the first to pioneer innovative colour in South India. Subrata Mitra, Satyajit Ray's cinematographer, presented a viewfinder to Mahendra acknowledging his talent. Fellow cinematographer Madhu Ambat described that it was Mahendra who gave "fame" to those cameramen who came out of the FTII, and further noted that he was one of the few film-makers who effectively used romantic realism. Lauded for usage of "natural lighting", Mahendra was considered "one of the few filmmakers in Tamil who believes in telling a story visually". Kamal Haasan described that he was one of the few directors who balanced between art and popular cinema. As a film-maker, he inspired contemporary actors and film-makers such as Mani Ratnam, Kamal Haasan and Sripriya, He has mentored next generation film-makers including Bala, Ameer, Vetrimaaran, Ram and Seenu Ramasamy. Cinematographers like Santosh Sivan, Ravi K. Chandran, Natarajan Subramaniam and K. V. Anand have taken inspirations from him. The negatives of his acclaimed films—Moodu Pani, Veedu, Sandhya Raagam, Marupadiyum and Sathi Leelavathi—are lost.
Collaboration With Ilaiyaraja
Balu Mahendra totally directed 23 films, in 5 languages. Except the 1st two films, he collaborated with Ilaiyaraja consecutively, for 21 films. He intended to collaborate with Raja in the 6 films, that he had already conceived, before icy death snatched him away. While other directors never used Ilaiyaraja for their Hindi remakes, Balu Mahendra was steadfast in persisting with Ilaiyaraja, in all the languages. Their equation was symbiotic & synergetic, with Ilaiyaraja, unfailingly churning out enviable chart busters, for Balu Mahendra. An exceptional highlight of their creative bonding being, the eternal superhit Thumbi Vaa ..... from Olangal-1982, was used by them 5 times, in 4 languages [Mal-1, Tamizh-2, Tel-1 & Hin-1, apart from in Paa by R. Balki & a Vocal-Orchestra Symphony version, in Raja's Concert in Italy–2004, titled as Mood Kaapi.
Television
* Kathai Neram (2000)
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Page:Crime and Punishment - Garnett - Neilson - 1917.djvu/188
156 "If only he could get some favourable shock, that's what would do it! At first he was better. . . . You know he has got something on his mind! Some fixed idea weighing on him. . . . I am very much afraid so; he must have!"
"Perhaps it's that gentleman, Pyotr Petrovitch. From his conversation I gather he is going to marry his sister, and that he had received a letter about it just before his illness. . . ."
"Yes, confound the man! he may have upset the case altogether. But have you noticed, he takes no interest in anything, he does not respond to anything except one point on which he seems excited—that's the murder?"
"Yes, yes," Razumihin agreed, "I noticed that, too. He is interested, frightened. It gave him a shock on the day he was ill in the police office; he fainted."
"Tell me more about that this evening and I'll tell you something afterwards. He interests me very much! In half an hour I'll go and see him again. . . . There'll be no inflammation though."
"Thanks! And I'll wait with Pashenka meantime and will keep watch on him through Nastasya. . . ."
Raskolnikov, left alone, looked with impatience and misery at Nastasya, but she still lingered.
"Won't you have some tea now?" she asked.
"Later! I am sleepy! Leave me."
He turned abruptly to the wall; Nastasya went out.
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Eden Park Station No. 7
The Eden Park Station No. 7 is a historic structure located in Eden Park in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the late nineteenth century as a significant part of the city water supply system, it was used for its original purpose for only a few decades. As a work of Cincinnati's most important architect, it has been named a historic site.
History
Cincinnati city officials began to build the Eden Park Station in 1889, with construction overseen by the David Hummel Construction Company, but five years passed before it was completed. The station formed part of the city's water supply network, raising water from the nearby Ohio River and moving it into the Eden Park Standpipe, which was finished in the same year as the pumping station. When built, the station was able to move 16 e6USgal of water with Snyder and Holly pumps, but only for a few years did the network operate as designed. A new station in the East End opened in 1907 to replace the stations in Eden Park and on Front Street downtown; contamination in the nearby Deer Creek, which by this time had been converted into a sewer, was severe to the point that the nearby waters of the Ohio River were polluted to an unsafe extent. After years of little use, the station was restored to usefulness in 1939, as its tower was converted into a radio station for police purposes.
Architecture
City officials employed Samuel Hannaford as the architect for the Eden Park Station. By 1889, Hannaford was the city's premier architect: he had designed the grand Music Hall near downtown in the 1870s, he was favored as a residential architect by the metropolitan area's elites, and he had produced structures far from the Cincinnati metropolitan area, including the tall Vigo County Courthouse in Terre Haute, Indiana and the smaller Perry County Jail in faraway Pinckneyville, Illinois. Many of his functional buildings still standing in Cincinnati are eclectic in style; instead of insisting on a specific style or styles, Hannaford freely designed in many different styles popular in the late nineteenth century. The Eden Park Station is typical of these, exhibiting features of the Neoclassical, the Queen Anne, and the Romanesque Revival styles. Although the walls of the building and its associated chimney are brick, the building rests on a stone foundation, and the roof is tiled. Sandstone is employed for decorative arches placed underneath a Neoclassical pediment to form the frontispiece. The tallest parts of the station are four stories tall.
Preservation
In early 1980, the Eden Park Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It was one of dozens of Hannaford-designed buildings in Hamilton County listed on the Register together as a multiple property submission. Two of the buildings in the submission were related to the station: the Elsinore Arch, a castle-shaped structure near Eden Park housing valves for the water system, and the Eden Park Standpipe.
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HackRF One
HackRF One is a wide band software defined radio (SDR) half-duplex transceiver created and manufactured by Great Scott Gadgets. It is able to send and receive signals. Its principal designer, Michael Ossmann, launched a successful Kickstarter campaign in 2014 with a first run of the project called HackRF. The hardware and software's open source nature has attracted hackers, amateur radio enthusiasts, and information security practitioners.
Overview
HackRF One is capable of receiving and transmitting on a frequency range of 1 MHz to 6 GHz with maximum output power of up to 15 dBm depending on the band. The unit comes with an SMA antenna port, clock input and clock output SMA ports, and a USB 2.0 port. HackRF One integrates with popular software defined radio software such as GNU Radio and SDR#. The popularity of HackRF One as a security research platform has made it featured in many information security conference talks such as BlackHat, DEF CON and BSides.
Academic research
Kimmo Heinäaro presented a paper at the 2015 International Conference on Military Communications and Information Systems (ICMCIS) outlining how military tactical communications could be hacked with HackRF One and other open source tools.
In 2017, researchers described a GPS spoofing attack to feed a vehicle false signals and mapping data to deliver the target to a desired location.
Media attention
HackRF One has received criticism in several media reports because it can be used to intercept and replay the key fob signals to open car and garage doors.
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Ask us anything
How long does it take to put a radiator in a car?
The time required to install a radiator in a car can vary depending on several factors, including the make and model of the vehicle, the level of expertise of the person performing the installation, and any additional repairs or maintenance tasks that need to be addressed simultaneously. While it is challenging to provide an exact timeframe without specific details, I can give you a general idea of the process and the time it typically takes.
1. Preparation: Before beginning the installation, the vehicle needs to be prepared. This involves draining the coolant from the existing radiator and removing any components that obstruct access to the radiator, such as fans, hoses, and shrouds. The time required for this step can range from 15 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity of the car's design.
2. Removal of the old radiator: Once the vehicle is prepped, the old radiator can be removed. This typically involves disconnecting the hoses, electrical connectors, and mounting bolts. The time taken to remove the old radiator can vary from 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the accessibility and any rust or corrosion present.
3. Installation of the new radiator: With the old radiator removed, the new radiator can be installed in its place. This involves aligning the radiator, reconnecting the hoses, electrical connectors, and mounting bolts. Additionally, the radiator cap and any other components that were removed during the preparation stage need to be reinstalled. The time required for this step can range from 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity of the car's design and any additional repairs or maintenance tasks required.
4. Refilling and testing: Once the new radiator is installed, the coolant needs to be refilled, and the system should be tested for leaks and proper functionality. This includes running the engine, checking for leaks, and ensuring the coolant level is correct. The time required for this step can vary, but it typically takes around 15 minutes to 30 minutes.
Overall, the entire process of installing a radiator in a car can take anywhere from 1.5 hours to 3 hours or more, depending on the factors mentioned earlier. It is worth noting that these are general estimates, and the actual time required can vary based on individual circumstances. It is always recommended to consult a professional or refer to specific instructions for your vehicle for more accurate time estimates and guidance.
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Egoism (band)
Egoism (typeset as EGOISM) is an Australian dream pop band from Sydney. The band was formed in 2015, and currently consists of co-lead vocalists Scout Eastment (guitar, bass) and Olive Rush (bass, guitar) with drummer Adam Holmes.
To date, the band have released two EPs − 2017's It's Wearing Off and 2020's On Our Minds − as well as several singles.
History
Before the formation of Egoism, Rush and Eastment were close friends. In 2015, Eastment and Rush began writing and playing music together. The band initially formed as a four-piece under the name Ego, releasing three singles: "Moon," "Better" and "Crowd." They supported bands such as Last Dinosaurs, Flyying Colours and Phantastic Ferniture in 2016. 2016 also saw the band officially change their name to Egoism and release their first single under the new name, "Reason."
Their debut EP was a three-track release entitled It's Wearing Off. The group have largely disowned the EP in recent years, and it has subsequently been removed from streaming services. In an interview with Pilerats, Eastment explained the band's complicated relationship with the release:
"I think when you’re doing something as a young person, a lot of people try to help with the best intentions and be like "oh, don't do it like that, do it like this," and you don't really know how to avoid that. A lot of those decisions got pushed into that EP and when I listen to it now, all I can hear are those mistakes.""
After the departure of two band members, Egoism were turned into a duo. Their first single as a two-piece, "Sorry," was released in September 2018. This was followed with two new singles in 2019: "Enemies" in March, and "What Are We Doing?" in August.
The band undertook a national tour with Pinkish Blu in early 2020, coinciding with the release of a new single entitled "You You."
In June 2020, the band were announced as one of 16 recipients of triple j Unearthed's Level Up Grants, created by the station to "support independent local artists who had been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic." In September 2020, the band announced their second EP On Our Minds with the release of a new single, "Here's the Thing." They released a final single from the EP, "Happy," before its official release on November 6, 2020.
The band followed up on the EP with a new single, 'Lonely But Not Alone', in mid-2021. In 2022, the band released two new singles: "For Ages" and "2016–2018". The following year, longtime session/touring drummer Adam Holmes (also of Life's Ill) was inducted as a full-time member of the band.
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Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so-called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.
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High temperature causes breakdown of S haplotype-dependent stigmatic self-incompatibility in self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana
Masaya Yamamoto, Kenji Nishimura, Hiroyasu Kitashiba, Wataru Sakamoto, Takeshi Nishio, Zoe Wilson
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
1 Citation (Scopus)
Abstract
Commercial seeds of Brassicaceae vegetable crops are mostly F1 hybrids, the production of which depends on self-incompatibility during pollination. Self-incompatibility is known to be weakened by exposure to elevated temperatures, which may compromise future breeding and seed production. In the Brassicaceae, self-incompatibility is controlled by two genes, SRK and SCR, which function as female and male determinants of recognition specificity, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the breakdown of self-incompatibility under high temperature are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the self-incompatibility phenotypes of self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana SRK-SCR transformants under normal (23 C) and elevated (29 C) temperatures. Exposure to elevated temperature caused defects in the stigmatic, but not the pollen, self-incompatibility response. In addition, differences in the response to elevated temperature were observed among different S haplotypes. Subcellular localization revealed that high temperature disrupted the targeting of SRK to the plasma membrane. SRK localization in plants transformed with different S haplotypes corresponded to their self-incompatibility phenotypes, further indicating that defects in SRK localization were responsible for the breakdown in the self-incompatibility response at high temperature. Our results provide new insights into the causes of instability in self-incompatibility phenotypes.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5745-5751
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of experimental botany
Volume70
Issue number20
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 24 2019
Keywords
• Brassicaceae
• F hybrid
• high temperature
• protein transporting
• receptor kinase
• self-incompatibility
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Physiology
• Plant Science
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Montréal Open
Montréal Open may refer to any of the following sporting events:
* Montreal Open (golf), a golf tournament on the Canadian Tour from 2004 to 2009
* Montréal Open (squash), a squash tournament on the PSA World Tour
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What was the importance of Gujarat during the Mughal Empire?
Gujarat was a rich province and its richness was advertised by the famous loot of Somnath by Mahmud Ghazni in 1125 A.D. It was annexed to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1297 in the reign of Ala-ud-Din Khalji. After the province was held by Muslim Governors who were subordinate to the rulers of Delhi.
Zafar Khan, who was the son of Rajput convert, was appointed Governor of Gujarat in 1391 by Muhammad Shah, the youngest son of Firuz Tughluq. In 1401, he formally assumed independence. His son Tatar Khan conspired against his father and threw him into prison and declared himself king under the title of Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah. He even marched towards Delhi but was put to death by his uncle Shams Khan.
The result was that Zafar Khan was once again able to recover the throne and he took up the title of Sultan Muzaffar Shah. He fought a successful war against Hushang Shah, the ruler of Malwa. He was also able to capture Dhar. He died in June, 1411.
Muzaffar Shah was succeeded by his grandson named Ahmad Shah who ruled from 1411 to 1414. He was a brave and warlike ruler and he spent the whole of his life in fighting and conquering.
He has rightly been called the real founder of the impendence of Gujarat. In 1414, he marched against the Hindus of Girnar, defeated Rai Mandalik and captures the fort of Junagarh. In 1415, he destroyed the temple of Sidhpur. In 1416, he marched against Dhar. In 1421, he marched against Malwa and besieged it.
Hushang was defeated. Ahmad Shah attacked Rao Punja of Idar who had carried on treasonable correspondence with Hushang. The Rao fled but he was overtaken and beheaded. In 1437, Ahmad Shah besieged Mandu and defeated Mahmud Shah Khalji.
In 1411, Ahmad Shah built the city of Ahmadabad on the left bank of the Sabarmati River near the old town of Asawal. Many beautiful buildings were constructed there. He spent a lot of time in improving the civil administration of his dominion. His only defect was that he was intolerant in matters of religion. He waged relentless wars against the Hindus. Their temples were destroyed and their leaders were forced to become Muslims.
When Ahmad Shah died in August 1442, he was succeeded by his eldest son, Muhammad Shah. He ruled up to 1451. He was succeeded by Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad and Daud. Daud annoyed the nobles and was deposed by them. The nobles placed on the throne Abul Fateh Khan, a grandson of Ahmed Shah.
The new king was known as Mahmud Begarha and he ruled from 1458 to 1511. The author of Mirat-i-Sikandari writes thus about Mahmud: “Not-withstanding his high dignity and royalty, he had an enormous appetite. The full daily allowance of food for the Sultan was one man of Gujarat weight.
In eating this he put aside five sirs of boiled rice and before going to sleep he used to make it up into a pasty and place one half of it on the right hand side of his couch and the other half on the left, so that on whichever side he awoke he might find something to eat and might then go to sleep again.
In the morning, after saying his prayers, he took a cup full of honey and a cup of butter with a hundred and fifty golden plantains. He often used to say, “If God had not raised Mahmud to the throne of Gujarat, who would have satisfied his hunger?”
Mahmud Begarha ruled the country for about 53 years without the influence of any minister or harem. He was a brave warrior and he succeeded in all his campaigns. He saved Nizam Shah Bahmani from aggression on the part of Mahmud Shah Khalji of Malwa. He defeated the Sumra and Sodha chiefs of Cutch.
He suppressed the pirates of Jagat (Dwarka.) Bhima, chief of Dwarka, was taken prisoner and was sent to Ahmadabad. There he was hacked to pieces and the fragments of his dead body were hung over the city gates as a fitting punishment for his improper conduct towards the Mulla of Samarkand whose wives and property had been captured by the pirates. He conquered the forts of Junagarh and Champanir.
Champanir was named as Muhmmadabad. As a result of his conquests, the kingdom of Gujarat extended from the frontiers of Mandu to the frontiers of Sind by Junagarh; to the Shiwalik Parbat by Jalor and Nagaur; to Nasik Trimabak by Baglana; from Burhanpur to Berar and Malkpur of the Deccan; to Karkun and river Narbada on the side of Burhanpur; on the side of Idar as far as Chittor and Kumbalgarh and on the side of the sea as the bounds of Chaul.
Mahmud Begarha joined the Sultan of Turkey to turn out the Portuguese from the Indian waters. The Portuguese were threatening to monopolise the spice trade which formely was in the hands of the Muslim traders. They were also trying to control the important sea-ports of Western India like Cambay and Chaul.
The Egyptian fleet under the command of Amir Hussain, Governor of Jeddan and the Indian contingent under the command of Malik Ayaz, defeated a Portuguese squadron commanded by Dom Lourenco near Chaul, south of Bombay, in 1508. The Christians were defeated. Dom Lourenco, son; of De Almeida, was killed in the fight which lasted for two days. His ship as surrounded on every side.
Although his leg was broken by a cannon-ball at the very beginning of the fighting, he continued to give orders. However, another cannon-ball struck him in the breast and Dom Laurence died “without knowing what the word surrender meant.” The Potuguese inflicted a crushing defeat on the combined Muslim fleet near Diu in February, 1509. In 1510, Mahmud Begarha surrendered Diu to Albuquerque. A Portuguese factory appeared in the Island in 1513.
The author of Mirat-i-Sikandari gives the following estimate of Mahmud Begarha: “He added glory and luster to the kingdom of Gujarat and was the best of all the Gujarat kings, including all who preceded and all who succeeded him and whether for abounding justice and generosity, for success in religious war and for the diffusion of the laws of Islam and of Musslmans; for soundness of judgment, alike in boyhood, in manhood and in old age; for power, for velour and victory-he was a pattern of excellence.”
Muhammad Begarha was succeeded by his son Muzaffar II. He waged successful wars against the Rajputs. He also restored Mahmud Shah Khalji of Malwa to his throne. He died in April, 1526, after a rule of about 15 years. He was succeeded by Sikandar, Nasir Khan, Mahmud II and Bahadur Shah.
The latter ruled from 1527 to 1537. Bahadur Shah was a brave and war-like prince. He has won undying fame through his gallantry and chivalry. The Sultan twice invaded the Deccan to rescue the rulers of Khandesh and Berar from the persecutions of Burhan Nizam Shah of Ahmednagar.
When the Rana of Chittor complained to Mahmud Khalji of Malwa, Bahadur Shah laid siege to Mandu and captured it in 1531. He also conquered Virangam, Mandal, Raisin, Bhilsa and Chanderi. He stormed the fortress of Chittor in 1534. However, he annoyed Humayun, the Mughal Emperor, by giving shelter to a political refugee.
When Bahadur refused to hand over the refugee. Humayun attacked Gujarat and conquered it. However, when Humayun was forced to leave Gujarat for Bengal, Bahadur Shah was able to recover the possession of Gujarat.
Bahadur Shah had also to fight against the Portuguess. When Bahadur Shah tried to turn out the Portuguess from Diu, he met with stiff resistance. Bahadur Shah wrote letters to the princes of the Deccan requesting them to help him in his fight against the Portuguese.
However, those letters were intercepted by the Portuguese and they decided to take his life. Bahadur Shah was induced to pay a visit to Nuno da Cunha, the Portuguese Governor. This he did in spite of warnings to the contrary. A spear was thrust into his breast and he fell down into the sea and was drowned.
After the death of Bahadur Shah, there was anarchy in Gujarat. There were many weak kings. In 1572, Gujarat was annexed by Akbar.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Eyes Vs Healthy Eyes : Things You Should Know
Updated: Mar 7
The eye is a vital organ that provides us with the sense of sight, allowing us to perform countless activities everyday, whether working, reading, writing, driving a car or watching television.
Maintaining eye health improves the quality of life for people through their lifespan. Proper eye health care helps slow down the processes associated with aging such as macular degeneration.
Nutrition for healthy eyes:
Vitamin A,B,C,E, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Selenium, Lycopene and Zinc are important to maintain healthy eyes. These nutrients are helpful for many types of eye problems like poor vision, cataract, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration. These nutrients help to keep the blood vessels, retina healthy and to slow the aging of the eye.
Exercise for healthy eyes:
Eye exercises are beneficial because they reduce eyestrain, help eyes work together and keep eye muscles strong and flexible. Other conditions that appear to benefit from eye exercises are; headaches, fatigue, concentration problems and vision related learning disabilities.
1.Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds and then open them for 3-5 seconds. Repeat this 7-8 times.
2.Close your eyes and massage them very lightly with circular movements of your fingers for 1-2 minutes.
3.Sit and relax. Roll your eyes clockwise, then counter-clockwise. Repeat 5 times and blink in between each time.
4. Hold a pencil in front of you at arm's length. Move your arm slowly to your nose and follow the pencil with your eyes, until you can't keep it in focus.
5. Focus on a distant object (over 150 feet or 50 m away) for several seconds and slowly refocus your eye on a nearby object (less than 30 feet or 10 m away) that's in the same direction. Focus for several seconds back to the distant object. Do this 5 times.
Tips for buying good sunglasses:
Protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses. Besides making you look pretty slick, a good pair of shades can provide protection from the Sun’s harmful rays!
(1) Look for a label that tells you how much UV protection the sunglasses offer. Ideally, your shades should block 99% to 100% of UV protection.
(2) Close-fitting sunglasses helps to block light more effectively. Look for wraparound shades or large lenses.
(3) Gray, green, and brown lenses usually give better protection than other colors.
(4) More expensive shades may be more fashionable, but they don't provide more protection.
Flight the dark circle menace:
Many people suffer from dark circles under or around the eyes. Dark circles make people look tired and exhausted, if not unhealthy and can occur due to a wide variation of reasons. Dark circles are seen in all age groups but seem to occur more in major causes attributed to this menace are lack of sleep and stress. However hereditary is also held as a reason often.
Follow these steps to get rid of dark circles:
(1) Drinking Lots of Water
(2) Get Plenty of Sleep
(3) Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables (vitamin C and iron) and cut down your salt intake.
(4) Stop Smoking.
Tips for Watching television and working at a computer:
Television:
(1) Keep a distance of 8-10 feet between your eyes and the TV screen.
(2) Blink your eyes frequently w program.
(3) Do not turn off the lights in the room.
(4) Give your eyes a break every half hour if you are watching a low
Computer:
Use a screen filter to cut down on glare
(1) Adjust the brightness and contrast of the monitor
(2) Take frequent breaks
(3) Blink frequently to keep your eyes well lubricated
(4) Periodically, look up from the screen and focus on an object to reduce eye fatigue.
Things to always remember for healthy eyes:
1. Eat lots of fruits & vegetables, especially carrots, which are helpful in maintaining healthy eyes.
2. Press cold cucumber slices gently against the eyes for 10 minutes before going to sleep at night to prevent puffiness.
3. Wear UV protective sunglasses. Get polarized lenses, not just darker lenses.
4. Try not to spend a lot of time glaring at your TV or computer screen.
5. Be sure to wear goggles or eye protective glasses while working with hazardous things to ensure safety of eyes in case of any mishap.
6. Read the labels of eye drop bottles carefully because many eye drops can not be used if you are wearing contact lenses
7. Never look into the sun for long.
8. Visit Bina Clinic Eye Care Centre, Alkapur for your regular eye check up to ensure your utmost eye health.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Weird Tales volume 11 number 02.pdf/81
Rh four specks. Four gray blobs, coming swiftly forward.
In a few moments they were distinguishable. Four running animals, bounding, leaping over the rocks. Animals with horns. Two of them running free; two with riders.
Leela gasped, "That's the giant! And the woman! They're coming to find us!"
For a moment the two girls stood transfixed, heedless that they would be discovered. To Frannie came the thought: The giant, the woman and the four animals had been dwindling. They had stood in the thicket, hiding from Brett. They were coming from the thicket now, riding over the vast rocky plain headlong to regain their captives. Brett could not see them; they were too small. Brett was probably standing a few feet from here on the sand—afraid to come closer for fear of treading upon the girls; and those few feet were miles away across this naked desert.
The four animals came leaping forward. They ran low to the ground, necks extended like huge dogs on a trail. Already they were no more than half a mile away. The figures of the riding man and woman showed plainly. They all seemed about normal size as compared to Frannie and Leela.
Abruptly Frannie recovered her wits. "We must hide! They must not find us!"
They hid, out of sight around a corner of the lower rock-face of the mountain; crouched, waiting with wildly beating hearts.
But it was useless. Either they had been seen or the animals scented them. Soon they heard the man calling his mount. No noise of galloping hoofs, for the beasts ran lightly on padded feet. A moment, then the animals burst into view around the jutting rock; bounded up and stopped before the crouching girls.
The man dismounted. His grin was a leer of triumph. He spoke to Leela—a harsh, guttural command in her own language, as he had spoken before when he forced the drug upon her.
Leela dragged herself to her feet, and Frannie after her. The man spoke again. Less harshly this time, and at greater length. He gestured at Frannie.
Leela said, with a quiver in her voice that she tried to hold to calmness, "He tells me that his name is Rokk. This woman here is his mate—he calls her Mobah. He says they come from a very big world—down here to our world of infinite smallness. Oh, Frannie, what can we do? He says they are going to take us with them, up there to that Giant World."
Frannie, too, strove for calmness. "Ask him—why? What harm have we done to him? Tell him—we don't want to go"
Leela turned to this man who had called himself Rokk. Then she appealed to the woman—but the woman stared dumbly and turned away.
"Frannie—he says we will learn later what he wants. He says—we will not be harmed if we cause no trouble. We are going—he says he is going to take us"
"Which way?" Frannie interrupted.
"I don't know. I suppose to Reaf."
"Ask him."
Leela asked him. "Yes, by way of Reaf. He says we will mount the animals—he calls them dhranes. They run very swiftly—as Brett describes your wolves of the northern ice-fields of your Earth."
Frannie demanded, "He says we go to Reaf?"
"Yes. We will cross the island—out the lagoon—riding the dhranes as they swim."
Memory of the island—the arcade—the lagoon and the lake came to
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WIKI
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The producers of “Jersey Boys,” which tells the story of Frankie Valli and his rock group, the Four Seasons, say a show called “The Boys in Concert” is trying to confuse audiences into thinking the two musicals are related.
‘Jersey Boys’ File Suit Against ‘The Boys’
Oh, what a headache: the producers of “Jersey Boys” have filed suit against the producers of a touring show called “The Boys in Concert,” saying that it is trying to confuse audiences into thinking the two musicals are related, Reuters reported. “Jersey Boys,” which tells the story of Frankie Valli and his rock group, the Four Seasons, has remained a popular and lucrative show since it opened on Broadway in 2005 (and won the Tony Award for best musical), spawning several regional productions and a national tour. “The Boys in Concert,” whose cast and creators include the “Jersey Boys” alumni Christian Hoff, Michael Longoria and Daniel Reichard, features the music of several pop acts of the 1960s and 70s, including the Four Seasons. The lawsuit, which The New York Post reported was filed by Mr. Valli, as well as his band mate Bob Gaudio and the playwrights Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice, says that “The Boys in Concert” copies many elements of “Jersey Boys” and that its promotional materials represent “a deliberate and willful attempt to create public confusion and foster the misimpression” that the shows are “associated or connected.” The “Jersey Boys” producers are seeking damages and an injunction against performances of “The Boys in Concert” that use copyrighted or similar materials. Representatives for “The Boys in Concert” did not immediately respond to Reuters or The Post.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:Herbert Jenkins - The Rain Girl.djvu/306
my mission," continued Drewitt. "I postponed it until this afternoon, just as I always keep an olive to flavour my coffee. I confess I had been looking forward to the interview. Even Hoskins this morning noted my unwonted cheerfulness and enquired if I were unwell. You must meet Hoskins, Lola, he and Providence between them are responsible for me. Providence for my coming, Hoskins for my being."
"But" began Lola.
"Hush!" warned Beresford. "With Drew silence is the only extractor."
Drewitt looked reproachfully at Beresford. A moment later he continued.
"I left the Aunt at the parting of the religious ways," he announced.
"Whatever do you mean?" cried Lola.
"Hitherto she has always shown herself a good churchwoman, blindly accepting the decrees of Providence, provided they did not interfere with her own plans," he added. "To-day she is asking why I and not her dear Richard inherited the barony of Drewitt and all its beery traditions."
Lola looked from one to the other, and then laughed.
"When I arrived the Aunt was explaining to the Vultures—I should explain, Lola, that the Vultures are Edward Seymour and Cecily, his wife—how she had always felt that Richard would be saved by the Challice independence. Richard will explain these little family details to you later," he smiled. "As
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WIKI
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Atrium Lift vs. Boom Lift
Atrium Lift vs. Boom Lift
Atrium lifts offer workers maneuverability and extra reach on the job site. It is important to choose the right one for the project. However, atrium lifts and boom lifts have distinct advantages for various applications. Providing your workers with the ideal equipment for their job can increase efficiency, optimize their workflow, and enhance safety practices on-site.
Atrium Lift vs. Boom Lift
What is the Difference Between an Atrium Lift and a Boom Lift?
The right atrium lift for your workers will depend on your project’s specific applications and needs. The terrain, height of the necessary platform size, required task, and other environmental factors are important considerations when deciding between an atrium lift and a boom lift.
Take a look at the differences between the two types of lifts below. You can make a good decision and create a safer, more efficient environment for your operators if you have this foundational knowledge.
Atrium Lifts
Atrium lifts offer a few key benefits:
• Large platform: One of the advantages of the atrium lift is its large platform size. Multiple workers comfortably use the lift simultaneously to adhere to its weight limits.
• Budget-friendly price: If you have a limited budget for your construction project, these are a great way to minimize the money spent since they are more cost-effective than boom lifts.
It would be best if you also consider its limitations, depending on your project:
• Height: Compared to boom lifts, these lifts have significantly less reach. They can only lift workers 20 to 50 feet into the air.
• Maneuverability: Atrium lifts have limited maneuverability because they can only move up and down, not side to side. If your job site has obstacles that workers must avoid in the air, a different lift may be a better choice.
Boom Lifts
Boom lifts offer their advantages. They are classified into two types which are articulating and telescopic. Consider the following characteristics:
• Exceptional maneuverability: A hydraulic arm on an articulating boom lift can bend. As a result, these lifts can maneuver easily around obstacles.
• Maximum height: Some boom lifts can reach up to 130 feet, allowing your team to complete tasks at great heights.
The following are some of the potential disadvantages of a boom lift:
• Smaller platform size: Boom lifts have a smaller platform size than atrium lifts. They can usually hold one worker at a time and have fewer materials.
• Increased expense: The hydraulic arm makes articulating boom lifts more expensive than other aerial lift options. Renting or purchasing a boom lift will require a larger budget for your project.
Should I Rent an Atrium Lift or Boom Lift?
There are key differences between atrium lifts and boom lifts. Each of them has different applications that correspond to their skills. When deciding which lift to rent, it is important to consider the following factors:
• Overall project budget.
• Required movement of your workers.
• The terrain of your job site.
• The number of workers present.
A telescopic or articulating boom lift would benefit your work site for enhanced elevation applications. That means an articulating boom lift will also check if your workers need more maneuverability to complete their goal.
Moreover, if your project needs multiple workers to be lifted simultaneously, you’ll need to rent an atrium lift due to its large platform. The large platform, these lifts are ideal for projects that require a large number of tools. Atrium lifts are best for jobs where workers only need to move straight up and down, such as repairs, cleaning, and siding installation.
Our team can assist you through every step of the rental or buying process to feel certain, knowing that you made the right choice.
Download Now!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Peer review/Political career of John C. Breckinridge/archive1
Political career of John C. Breckinridge
This peer review discussion has been closed. I started trying to expand John C. Breckinridge and quickly discovered there was too much about the man for a single article. This is the first of what I think will eventually be three sub-articles. I've never done a biography sub-article before, so I want to see how well or poorly I did. Obviously, after having done this much work, my goal is FA, so you may review it as you would at FAC. Thanks. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 22:28, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
* If you wish to make sub-articles here, you really must deeply consider that the "political career"-article warrants its separate existence from the general "biography". Thus, in particular, in neither of the articles should it be significant overlaps with the other (so you'll need to work on BOTH articles). I think you are right to put political influences and philosophy into the "political career" article, but perhaps his war role is too general to be contained within that specialized article, and should be in "biography" instead?
Arildnordby (talk) 15:24, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* I started working on the article proper, then decided there was far too much for a single article and created this one. My ultimate plan is to have this article, one on Breckinridge's military service in the Civil War (currently being drafted), one on his escape and exile from the U.S., and the primary biographical article. Until I finish the three sub-articles, I won't really know how much detail is appropriate in the biographical one. I plan to put the sub-articles through their paces, then trim and adjust the main article accordingly, per WP:DEADLINE. Hope that's OK.
* With regard to his war role, I assume you mean his service as Confederate Secretary of War. I went back and forth on whether to include it in the political career article (since it was a political office) or the one I'm currently working on about his Civil War service. Ultimately, I concluded that it was probably best to keep all the political offices in one article, with the Civil War article focusing on his military career, including various assessments of his performance as an officer. I'm open to differing views on that, however. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 15:34, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* I see your dilemma. But that creates a dilemma for us who are to review as well: Your set of articles are not currently in what you could call stable state, in that you as principal editor will shift material back and forth, still having lots of constructive ideas on your own "interfering" if you like with what an outside perspective on an essentially finished article. Thus, to help us as reviewers, it will be a great help that you meanwhile points our focus to sections you regard as basically done, rather than to whole articles that are, regarded as a whole, likely to undergo major transformation on your part. (If, on your spare time, you could take a look at the peer review on my Impalement article, I'll be grateful)Arildnordby (talk) 15:47, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* Well, I tend to think of this article as basically done. I wanted to get feedback on the quality of the prose, the level of detail (too much, too little, too much focus on particular areas), the comprehensiveness of the coverage, the appropriateness with which the assessments of various historians are presented, compliance with the manual of style, etc. I really see the major changes coming in the biography proper. I had started that expansion, but very early on in my progress through Davis' 600+ page biography, I saw that article was going to become HUGE, so I immediately ceased development on it and began this sub-article. What I anticipate, then, is a reduction in the material already in the biography proper, "moving" it, essentially, to this article. But in actuality, it's already in this article; it just hasn't been trimmed from that one yet. Hope that makes sense.
* My particular style of article development requires me to write the details before I attempt the summary. That's why I always write the lead last. In this case, I need to develop the detailed sub-articles, then decide how much of that detail needs to also appear in the biography proper. There will necessarily be some overlap; although the political career article gives the details of Breckinridge's vice presidency, for example, the fact that he was vice president and a synopsis of his actions while acting in that capacity have to appear in the biography proper for completeness' sake. Some readers won't want all the details. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 16:00, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* Okay, I'll take a look at it!Arildnordby (talk) 16:07, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
Lead section: I find this far too detailed, in that much of this material ought to exist in the main body text, rather than in a swift (but accurate) overview as a lead should be. By no means regarding my version as perfect, here's a radical alternative of summarizing lead section, perhaps the "perfect" lies somewhere in the middle to your own lead section?
"The political career of John C. Breckinridge included service in the state government of Kentucky, the United States federal government, and the government of the Confederate States of America.
A champion of strict constructionism, states' rights, and popular sovereignty, he supported Stephen A. Douglas's Kansas–Nebraska Act as a means of addressing slavery in the territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.
At the 1856 Democratic National Convention, he was nominated for Vice President and upon electoral victory, Breckinridge became the youngest vice president in U.S. history.
In 1859, the Kentucky General Assembly chose him for senator in 1861. Nominated as well as canditate for US presidency, Breckinridge lost the election to Republican Abraham Lincoln. As Senator, he futilely worked to peacefully reunite the states and opposed allocating resources for Lincoln to fight the Civil War. Fearing arrest after Kentucky sided with the Union, he fled behind Confederate battle lines and joined the Confederate States Army. He was subsequently expelled from the Senate.
Breckinridge served in the Confederate Army from October 1861 to February 1865. Concluding that the Confederate cause was hopeless, he encouraged Davis to effect a national surrender. After Davis was captured, Breckinridge fled to Cuba, then Great Britain, and finally Canada, remaining in exile until President Andrew Johnson's offer of amnesty in 1868. Returning to Kentucky, he refused all requests to resume his political career and died of complications related to war injuries in 1875."Arildnordby (talk) 16:21, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* I'm known for over-long and over-detailed leads, but I do think your version omits some important details. Let me give it a shot.
* "The political career of John C. Breckinridge included service in the state government of Kentucky, the United States federal government, and the government of the Confederate States of America. In 1849, Breckinridge became the first Democrat to represent Fayette County, Kentucky in the Kentucky House of Representatives, and in 1851, he was the first Democrat to represent Kentucky's traditionally Whig 8th district in almost thirty years. A champion of strict constructionism, states' rights, and popular sovereignty, he supported Stephen A. Douglas's Kansas–Nebraska Act as a means of addressing slavery in the territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.
* After reapportionment made his re-election unlikely in 1854, Breckinridge returned to private life and his legal practice, but he was nominated for Vice President at the 1856 Democratic National Convention. When he and James Buchanan won the election, he became the youngest vice president in U.S. history, but enjoyed little influence in Buchanan's administration. In 1859, the Kentucky General Assembly elected him to a U.S. Senate term that would begin in 1861. Dissident Southern Democrats nominated Breckinridge for president in 1861, and despite capturing the electoral votes of most of the Southern States, he lost the election to Republican Abraham Lincoln. In the Senate, he futilely worked to peacefully reunite the states and opposed allocating resources for Lincoln to fight the Civil War. Fearing arrest after Kentucky sided with the Union, he fled behind Confederate battle lines and joined the Confederate States Army. He was subsequently expelled from the Senate.
* Breckinridge served in the Confederate Army from October 1861 to February 1865, when Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him Confederate States Secretary of War. Concluding that the Confederate cause was hopeless, he encouraged Davis to effect a national surrender. Davis's capture in April 1865 ended the war, and Breckinridge fled to Cuba, then Great Britain, and finally Canada, remaining in exile until President Andrew Johnson's offer of amnesty in 1868. Returning to Kentucky, he refused all requests to resume his political career and died of complications related to war injuries in 1875."
* Better? If not, let's discuss individual facts that you would suggest removing. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 13:33, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* a) "In 1849, Breckinridge became the first Democrat to represent Fayette County, Kentucky in the Kentucky House of Representatives, and in 1851, he was the first Democrat to represent Kentucky's traditionally Whig 8th district in almost thirty years."
Note of year of first entry in state politics appropriate, but the more detailed info on context should belong in main text, but possibly include he was first Democrat in 30 years from his district, for eample:
"In 1849 Beckenridge was the first Democrat elected from his county in the Kentucky House of Representatives and in 1851 he was the first Democrat to represent 8th district in almost 30 years". It is no need to make Fayette explicit (it can be contained in link), and it is unnecessary here to point out the 8th district as traditionally Whig (Breckinridge's success against the local odds is evident from his being the first Democrat in 30 years elected)."
I'll get back to more points later.Arildnordby (talk) 14:16, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* If you're going to mention "his county", you might as well go ahead and say "Fayette County", in my opinion. No need to hide it with an Easter egg link to save a few characters. The point about the Whigs, however, is well-taken. I can live with that change. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:26, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
b) I do not think the highly technical reason for Breckinridge's temporary withdrawal is in place here. "Regarding his chances of 1854 re-election unlikely, Breckenridge returned to private life. In 1856, however, he was nominated for Vice President at the 1856 Democratic National Convention"Arildnordby (talk) 14:30, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* Never thought of reapportionment as being "highly technical", but I'd be willing to adopt your solution. I wouldn't be surprised, however, if readers wonder why the Democratic wunderkid who just won three straight elections in a Whig district suddenly finds his chances of re-election "unlikely". Acdixon (talk · contribs) 15:38, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* Remember that for me, and other non-USAns, reapportionment is highly technical, about as highly technical it is to you about "adjustment candidates" in Norwegian parliamentary tradition. As for wonder about wunderkids, political favour and support change swiftly for a number of reasons, so it isn't really that strange with sudden reversals and returns of fortune.Arildnordby (talk) 15:46, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* OK, point taken on this one. I'm OK with that change. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 17:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
c) " Dissident Southern Democrats nominated Breckinridge for president in 1861, and despite capturing the electoral votes of most of the Southern States, he lost the election to Republican Abraham Lincoln." Here, I find it too circumstantial that it was dissident Southern Democrats who nominated him, and also how the voting preciselyturned out. Those sure are important in main text, but in lead?. Thus, I'll go for "In 1861, Breckenridge was nominated for president, but lost to Abraham Lincoln, and took up seat as Senator". Or something like that.Arildnordby (talk) 14:38, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* I think it's important to note that his nomination was somewhat irregular and that, despite this, he still did pretty well in the election. You don't think those are salient points for the lead? Acdixon (talk · contribs) 15:38, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* I think lead should summarize the really central points (nomination and loss), the main text could show it was a close race under irregular circumstances.Arildnordby (talk) 15:41, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* Maybe the "local" (read, U.S.) knowledge that the 1861 election is probably one of the best known in U.S. history is coloring my view of its importance in the lead. I'll consider this a little more. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 17:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
d) Otherwise, I think lead is OK now.Arildnordby (talk) 14:43, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
Now, for something completely different: I believe that family influences really belongs primarily in biography. The critical factor is to get out here is Breckenridge's political platform as "inherited" by his grandfather (possibly modified by non-democrat family). In general, the "Political Career" ought NOT be stand alone as it is now, but delving into those moments particularly important there. I feel that I'm going to read this through critically with the following questions predominant in my mind: i) What were Breckendridge's primary political positions? ii) Who were his principal allies? iii) Primary enemy factions? iv) What is the timeline for principal career points? v) Principal work and successes in elected positions?
* Hmm. I'm not sure I agree with your premise that this article ought not be stand alone. From my perspective, it really should be stand alone. Also, I included a lot of detail about the family influence on Breckinridge's political philosphy in this article precisely because I thought it was too detailed for the biography proper. In that article, I'll already be summarizing huge, important periods in Breckinridge's political career (and dealing with them in more detail in this article). I can only imagine a reviewer looking at the biography proper and wondering why there are two paragraphs on family history viz a viz political philosophy and (hypothetically) two paragraphs on his time as vice president, given the relative disparity in importance between the two. It could be seen as running contrary to WP:UNDUE. I believe examining the source of Breckinridge's political views, especially influences on his disputed personal position on slavery, are within the scope of this article. I'd like to hear feedback from other reviewers before making changes here. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 17:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
I'm not saying these points aren't covered, but that by my first readings these points tend to get submerged in lots of other details. For example, it is asserted that Breckenridge's most important work was with a "bank reform", but that isn't addressed nowhere as thoroughly as his work relative to asylums and his appointment as director. If "bank reform" was his most important work, then THAT should be given primary focus, not everything else he was involved in. I hope you see I try to be constructive here, but it will take quite a time for me to develop specific points of criticism, since the article is very detailed to begin with.Arildnordby (talk) 16:45, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* I hope the bank reform issue is an anomaly within the article. Davis says it was his most important work, but gives no detail, and the other sources don't mention bank reform at all, leaving me in a conundrum. I can't really leave it out if it was his most important work, but I lack the information to elaborate. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 17:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* But, lacking details, the very least you ought to do is to move "bank reform" at the very top relative to Breckenridge's work, rather than as an incidental detail at the bottom? Thus, the section on "work" proceeds from the "most important" to "less important"?Arildnordby (talk) 17:21, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, I think that's a reasonable suggestion. Done. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 17:30, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* On reconsideration. The 1861 presidential election, due to its gory aftermath, is WAY too important to be given short thrift as I suggested. In fact, I think you ought to ADD something here, within the lead, making it clear how that election became a principal battleground on the issue of slavery, with Lincoln on the abolotionist side and Breckinridge (perhaps uncomfortably?) on the "pro-slavery" side? Inserting a sentence or two about this prior to the sentence concerning his futile efforts as Senator will not make this awkward, but will show how Breckinbridge tried to continue a policy he fronted during the 1861 presidential campaign?
A very radical alternative (or formulation of that point) would be to start your lead section by mentioning Breckenridge as the principal antagonist of Lincoln in the fateful 1861 election, i.e, emphasizing this as the pivotal moment of Breckridge's career, and only later on in the lead recapture the chronological rise to "just" fame you already have explained Breckenridge deserves.
These are then two ideas that might whet the apettite for the general reader to read the more detailed article?Arildnordby (talk) 19:06, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
* I know I'll get dinged for repetition in the lead if I try the second solution, but let me take a stab at the first, while incorporating your earlier feedback.
* "The political career of John C. Breckinridge included service in the state government of Kentucky, the United States federal government, and the government of the Confederate States of America. In 1849, Breckinridge became the first Democrat to represent Fayette County, Kentucky in the Kentucky House of Representatives, and in 1851, he was the first Democrat to represent Kentucky's 8th district in almost thirty years. A champion of strict constructionism, states' rights, and popular sovereignty, he supported Stephen A. Douglas's Kansas–Nebraska Act as a means of addressing slavery in the territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.
* Considering his re-election unlikely in 1854, Breckinridge returned to private life and his legal practice, but he was nominated for Vice President at the 1856 Democratic National Convention. When he and James Buchanan won the election, he became the youngest vice president in U.S. history, but enjoyed little influence in Buchanan's administration. In 1859, the Kentucky General Assembly elected him to a U.S. Senate term that would begin in 1861. Dissident Southern Democrats nominated Breckinridge for president in 1861; he was one of three candidates opposing Republican Abraham Lincoln. Despite capturing the electoral votes of most of the Southern States, Breckinridge lost the election to Lincoln, and the election prompted the secession of the southern states to form the Confederate States of America.
* Though he sympathized with the southern cause, tn the Senate, Breckinridge futilely worked to peacefully reunite the states. After the firing on Fort Sumter, he opposed allocating resources for Lincoln to fight the Civil War. Fearing arrest after Kentucky sided with the Union, he fled behind Confederate battle lines and joined the Confederate States Army. He was subsequently expelled from the Senate. He served in the Confederate Army from October 1861 to February 1865, when Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him Confederate States Secretary of War. Concluding that the Confederate cause was hopeless, he encouraged Davis to effect a national surrender. Davis's capture in April 1865 ended the war, and Breckinridge fled to Cuba, then Great Britain, and finally Canada, remaining in exile until President Andrew Johnson's offer of amnesty in 1868. Returning to Kentucky, he refused all requests to resume his political career and died of complications related to war injuries in 1875."
* Ran out of time before I could thoroughly copy-edit, but see what you think. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 13:31, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
* That's a LOT better lead than your first, by giving sufficient weight to the pivotal 1861-65 years, relative to the other years. That lead is for keeps, I think! :-)Arildnordby (talk) 15:49, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
Proceeding, I think your first section's title "Political Philosophy" jars somewhat with its content. I feel "Formative years" might be a better title?Arildnordby (talk) 16:13, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
* Done. Sorry for the long delay. Busy at work, and my little girl has been sick. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 13:12, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
* SO..you now understand the blessings of the idle loner's life I enjoy? :-) :-) I'll place this on my watchlist, and we can work on and off on it.Arildnordby (talk) 14:21, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
* Sounds good. If this review closes, we can pick it up on the article talk page. I know it's a long article and may take a while to get through, but a non-U.S. perspective is always important on these kinds of articles. Thanks. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 15:13, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
On "Early influences": "..letter to Robert Breckinridge, who became his surrogate father after Cabell Breckinridge's death, he wrote.."
Here, a) is it really necessary to keep the info of surrogate fatherhood in the political career article? If you think yes, then that particular info ought to have a reference attached to it. Otherwise, if you don't think the info necessary, drop it.
* I think it is necessary because it shows that he had a strong relationship with his uncle. This abolitionist wasn't "crazy Uncle Robert"; he was a "surrogate father", and his opinion carried weight with young John C. Breckinridge. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Okay! but then put in a reference there, for example to the page number in which Davis(?) where it is stated that Robert did become John's surrogate father.Arildnordby (talk) 15:02, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* There are two cites at the end of that sentence. One of the two mentions the surrogate father relationship. Don't remember which one right off. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 20:03, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Then, neither will the reader understand which, if any, reference refers to the factoid of surrogate fatherhood, and which, if not both, are comments on the significance of the letter itself. Therefore, this can be easily improved, by in the reference concernig surrogate fatherhood simply say something like "On Robert as surrogate father, see..", whereas for the reference on the letter, write "On letter, see.."Arildnordby (talk) 15:35, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
* Hmm. I've never had that request before, nor have I ever really seen it done in a Wikipedia article. In my past FACs, it has always just been sufficient to provide all the citations at the end of the sentence without qualifiers. Is there a policy I'm not aware of? Acdixon (talk · contribs) 20:29, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
b)"..he wrote.." The last active individual in previous sentence is "William Birney" (who was an abolitionist, and perfectly well could scoff at people's fears of emancipation that the 1841 letter includes), and I suggest you write "..John wrote.." instead, to keep the individual referenced to clear.Arildnordby (talk) 15:39, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
* Fixed. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
Moderate Reputation: "As late as the 1856 presidential election, some believed that Breckinridge was an abolitionist" Who are these "some"? Any influential ones? Political allies? Enemies? Newspaper commentators? The sentence would improve by tangentially including a principal believer in Breckinridge's abolitionism, say by writing : "As late as the 1856 presidential election, some believed, for example A and B, that Breckinridge was an abolitionist"Arildnordby (talk) 15:58, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, it's kind of a passing mention in the text that some charged him with being an abolitionist during the 1856 campaign. That might be enough to conclude that it was political enemies making the charge. What do you think? Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Then I'd rather say something like "some even charged him with being abolitionist in the 1856 campaign", than using "believe". "Believe" is too ambiguous and vague, really (Furthermore, you can perfectly well charge someone for some attitude you don't believe they have. politics is the art of lying, after all..:-))Arildnordby (talk) 15:02, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Point well taken on the "believed" vs. "charged" issue. I just changed that one word, which I think takes care of the issue. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 20:03, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
Kentucky election: ".. which was heavily Whig". To a non-USAn, you have already said he was the first Democrat elected, and "obviously", then, tradition spoke against his actual success, whoever "the Whigs" were (clearly not the Republicans, but somebody else!). The very first thing you should do is to include a link on Whig, bacause absolutely nobody outside US knows who the Whigs in pre-Republican US actually were. I can't see you have done that at a previous stage in your article, and you really ought to make such a link to "whigs" (I'm sure an article on them exists).
* "Whig Party" is linked in the first sentence of the body. To re-link it here would probably run counter to WP:OVERLINK. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Oh. I didn't see that one!Arildnordby (talk) 15:02, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
The intricacies of local state elections need not be delved into, but is what you really mean to say that: ".. which traditionally had been strongly Whig" or even "".. which remained, however, heavily Whig". Hope I made my point clear here, leave, the judgments on this too you..:-) Arildnordby (talk) 16:16, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
* The former is what is meant; I'm not sure how that differs appreciably from what I said, though. Many more folks in the district identified with the Whig Party than the Democratic Party, and the district elected Whig candidates to nearly every office almost exclusively for years prior to Breckinridge's candidacy. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 14:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* "had been" traditionally Whig means that Breckinridge effected a change in the outlook of the voters, "remained heavily Whig" that he was effectively, a Democrat one-shot (due to personal charisma?). It's a quibble on my part, you might keep what you've written if you won't put such specific suggestions into the heads of the readers.Arildnordby (talk) 15:02, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* I think I see what you are saying. Actually, Breckinridge was kind of a "one-shot" in the district, but within a few years of his candidacy, the Whig Party kind of died out on its own. The Whig dominance didn't continue long after Breckinridge, but it wasn't directly connected to his candidacy. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 20:03, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Then I think the non-committal "was heavily Whig" you have in the text per now should stand. As I said at the start of this comment, if any more precision means delving into local political intricacies, you basically should avoid it. But, I wanted to air to alternate word choices that might have been preferable to the one in the text, and I think that it is now clear "was heavily Whig" is the best out of those 3.Arildnordby (talk) 20:13, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
"Formative years": Be hyper-accurate with your Johns here! You write: "..John Breckinridge believed the federal government.." and for quite some time mean the grandfather, rather than John C. Isn't it more safe to write in that sentence "..John Breckinridge sr. .."?Arildnordby (talk) 16:15, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
* Nobody really called the elder one "John Breckinridge, Sr." I guess I just need to make sure I consistently refer to the younger one as "John C." Did I miss one of those anywhere that you see? Acdixon (talk · contribs) 20:03, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* Sometimes, I think, the article editor is entitled to demand of the reader to read closely what is written, rather than the editor having to spell it out for the lazy ones. In this case, I agree with you; when the text is read closely, there won't be any ambiguities here.Arildnordby (talk) 20:17, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
A first impression on J.C.B's general political outlook:
When I read the more detailed sections, I feel that I would have had benefit from a prior guide-line to his basic/predominant political views, i.e, a spelling out of how his "strict constructionism" guided his ideas. For example, in general opposition to federal funding, along with fight against tariffs and advocacy for free trade. You certainly do give some examples of this, but they come in-between election fights and exceptions to "the general rule" (i.e, where he DOES accept federal funding, for example). You are very good at showing how his views on slavery must be understood as flowing from his general ideas of strict constructionism, but I do wonder if your article might improve if you make those slavery sections as subsections within a "Political stance"-section, in which the long/stable lines in B's political outlook is detailed. Anyhow, to effect such a major change in article structure is premature at this point, I think, but I wanted to point it out, so that the idea might mature, or eventually be rejected by both of us. I'll proceed sectionwise to begin with in my next comments, major restructuring might wait.Arildnordby (talk) 20:38, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
* This was my original intent, but what I found was that there was comparatively little about his political views viz a viz issues other than slavery, which is understandable. Apparently, you were able to draw the connections when they were called for (e.g. strict constructionism, generally, didn't allow for federal spending on internal improvements) so I wonder if a radical restructuring is necessary. Whatever we might gain from examining the various stances of his political career early on in the article, we would almost certainly lose as much or more in basic chronology. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 13:51, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
* Okay, that's a dilemma. However, the constructive way then for me to read your article is to point out places where a simple word insertion of the type "in line with constructivist thinking, John C,..." (or, "in contrast with"). I do NOT think this needs to be done at all places, that would, not the least, make the article tedious and repetitive, but an occasional reminder to the lay reader might be in order. (I think, BTW, you have been good at pointing expressly to John C.s clear breaks with typical constructionist thinking, but to me, political views aren't either/or categories, but points on a sliding scale (or points on a map with multiple scales) where it also will be benificial to the reader to be reminded of the clear constructivist position John C. will have had on some positions). I'll take one point that puzzled me on slavery: From what I have understood, such like the "Fugitive Act" that southerners wanted to retain places a duty on non-slave states to return back fugitive slaves, does it not? But, this breaks completely, as I see it, the constructivist idea of the states being bound together merely on a voluntary basis, subject to the will of the people in each state, rather than the states being provinces of a Superstate called the USA, where federal laws can be quite intrusive in local practices. The "Fugitive Act" limits the scope northerners can act within their own states, relative to their southern neigbours. Hope I made my puzzlement clear here..:-)Arildnordby (talk) 15:35, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
* Just to add. What I've come up with as a sort of "solution" is that within (John C's) constructionism, the Federal Government had no right to define what "legitimate objects for property" was (other than that ownership rules like inheritance or rules for sale had been followed), but that federal authorities had a duty to ensure that lost property were returned, or compensated for the private individual. I'm not sure if I make sense here..Arildnordby (talk) 15:56, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, I think you've got it. The idea was that "property" was protected by the federal constitution, so any state law interfering with that protection was unconstitutional to the strict constructionist. It wasn't just Breckinridge that felt this way, of course. There were lots of other constructionists that came to the same conclusion. This is one of the nuances that many people fail to recognize about the Civil War when they say it was "fought over slavery". As you can see from the article, Breckinridge may well have abhorred slavery as an institution, but his constitutional scruples caused him to side with the Confederacy. Not saying that was a good decision, but it was at least logically consistent, in a way. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 21:24, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
* I had to think quite a bit about that! Glad I got it right. Now, I made a minor comment as well in regard to clarifying your references on the surrogate fatherhood as well, you might take a look at it.Arildnordby (talk) 21:56, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
Kentucky years: "Heck wrote that most of the session's bills were "local or personal... and in any case, petty".[53] Breckinridge's first speech favored allowing the Kentucky Colonization Society to use the House chamber; later, he advocated directing Congress to establish an African freedmen colony and pay to transport settlers there.[ Funding internal improvements was traditionally a Whig stance, but Breckinridge advocated conducting a state geologic survey, making the Kentucky River more navigable, chartering a turnpike, incorporating a steamboat company, and funding the Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. As a reward for supporting internal improvements, he presided over the approval of the Louisville and Bowling Green Railroad's charter and was appointed director of the asylum."
Here, I do not deny, or oppose the content of the first sentence that most session bills were petty, but I think you agree that the cases you DO mention here afterwards cannot be called petty or personal at all? Here, I believe Heck's assertion is important enough to include (if not examples of that pettiness), but I do think that your first sentence ought to be your last instead, in the shape like this, for example: "Despite such acts, Heck writes that most of the session's bills were "local or personal... and in any case, petty". Again, it's a question of hierarchy of importance, in which "more important" issues should be listed first (like the bank reform), less important (but still noteworthy!) listed last. BTW, I leave it to your judgment on the referencing issue you responded to lastArildnordby (talk) 21:09, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Alternatively, it is aesthetic to keep Heck's overview to begin with as you've done, but perhaps insert a sentence after it like "However, some more important bills were also passed". Just something for you to chew on..Arildnordby (talk) 21:26, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Those judgments are relative, really. Breckinridge's advocacy for giving the Kentucky Colonization Society use of the legislative chambers and the congressional directive (essentially, a non-binding resolution) to support their mission were "petty" in terms of long-term or broad impact, and also probably very personal to Breckinridge. Internal improvements issues were notoriously local, rarely affecting statewide transportation. Even the lunatic asylum may have been local to the extent that the legislature probably dictated where to build it. Only the geological survey and perhaps the asylum (in terms of its function) were really of statewide import. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 23:03, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
"First term (1851–1853)" This is a dense, highly informative section, but precisely because of this, might benefit from "chapterization", say with the semi-colon template. Some points I react to: a) You say John C. and Lynn Boyd became factional enemies, but I don't see any such animosity evidenced in your article? Should you add examples of this, perhaps?
* I did find it curious that both Heck and Davis mention the animosity between the two, but neither really gives any elaboration or concrete examples. I was on the lookout for such things because I was also curious, but the only real sign of conflict between the two were electoral in nature. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 23:03, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
b) I feel that the whole Young Americans-debacle ought to be placed in a single, paragraph: "Breckinridge resisted United States Democratic Review editor George Nicholas Sanders' efforts to recruit him to the Young America movement.[70] Like Young America, Breckinridge favored westward expansion and free trade, but he disagreed with the movement's support of European revolutions and disdain for older statesmen.[70] On March 4, 1851, Breckinridge made his first speech in the House, defending presidential aspirant William Butler against charges by Florida's Edward Carrington Cabell, a Young American and distant cousin, that he secretly sympathized with the Free Soilers.[71] Then he denounced Sanders for his vitriolic attacks on Butler and for calling all Democratic presidential candidates except Stephen Douglas "old fogies".[72] The speech made Breckinridge a target of Whigs, Young America, and Douglas supporters.[73] Humphrey Marshall, a Kentucky Whig who sought Millard Fillmore's re-election, attacked Breckinridge for claiming Fillmore held unclear views on slavery.[74] Illinois' William Alexander Richardson, a Douglas backer, claimed Breckinridge unfairly implicated Douglas in Sanders' attacks on Butler, but Breckinridge showed that Douglas endorsed the Democratic Review a month after it printed its first anti-Butler article.[75] Finally, Breckinridge's cousin, California's Edward C. Marshall, charged that Butler would name Breckinridge Attorney General in exchange for his support and revived the charge that Breckinridge broke party ranks, supporting Zachary Taylor for president.[76] Breckinridge ably defended himself, but Sanders continued to attack him and Butler, claiming Butler would name Breckinridge as his running mate, even though Breckinridge was too young to qualify as vice president.[77]"
* Confrontations with Young Americans
Then, the next section might be like this, for example: After his maiden speech, Breckinridge took a more active role in the House.[77] In debate with Ohio's Joshua Reed Giddings, he defended the Fugitive Slave Law's constitutionality and criticized Giddings for hindering the return of fugitive slaves.[77][78] He opposed Andrew Johnson's Homestead Act, fearing it would create more territories that excluded slavery.[77] Although generally opposed to funding local improvements, he supported repairing two Potomac River bridges to avoid higher costs later.[78] Other minor stands included supporting measures to benefit his district's hemp farmers, voting against giving the president ten more appointments to the U.S. Naval Academy, and opposing funds for a sculpture of George Washington because the sculptor proposed depicting Washington in a toga
* Other political developments
Breckinridge visited Kentucky when the legislature rose in April, then returned to Washington, D.C. and made daily visits to an ailing Henry Clay.[79] Clay died June 29, 1852, and Breckinridge garnered nationwide praise and enhanced popularity in Kentucky after eulogizing Clay in the House.[69][80] Days later, he spoke in opposition to increasing a subsidy to Collins Line for carrying trans-Atlantic mail, noting that Collins profited by carrying passengers and cargo on mail ships.[81] In wartime, the government could commandeer and retrofit Collins's steamboats as warships, but Breckinridge cited Commodore Matthew C. Perry's opinion that they would be useless in war.[81] Finally, he showed Cornelius Vanderbilt's statement promising to build a fleet of mail ships at his expense and carry the mail for $4 million less than Collins.[81] Despite this, the House approved the subsidy increase
* To emphasize: I think the actual content you have given in this section is extremely interesting and well written, but I think you might improve a bit on how to structure and highlight the varied material, in a way that makes the reader grasp all of it, instead of tiring halfway through.Arildnordby (talk) 22:26, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* I worried about overusing headings, but I think your suggestion has some merit. My first concern is that those additional headings would make the image of Boyd spill over into another section. That's obviously fixable by deleting the image or choosing a new image relevant to one of the suggested subsections. The other concern is what to do with the following two sentences: "Considered for Speaker of the House, Breckinridge believed his election unlikely and refused to run against fellow Kentuckian Linn Boyd. After Boyd's election, he assigned Breckinridge to the lightly regarded Foreign Affairs Committee, and the two became factional enemies." They don't really belong with the preceding paragraph, and they certainly don't belong in either of the suggested subsections. I don't really think they make a very good paragraph by themselves, either, especially given how little we know about the relationship between Breckinridge and Boyd. Open to suggestions. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 23:03, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
Second term, Election subsection: Here, you cite differing contemporary estimates on sleazy campaigning outlays. If Davis and Heck or other modern scholars have chosen to come up with their estimates, I think such estimates might be valuable to include in the section, in addition to the ones you've mentioned.Arildnordby (talk) 22:55, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* No, they didn't. It would probably be difficult to do, since keeping and preserving accurate records of such things would be less-than-desirable from a candidate's perspective. :) Acdixon (talk · contribs) 23:03, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
I'll get back to the other issues, but for now, on Boyd vs John C. I'm glad you share my sense of the incongruity between the use of the word enemy here, with lack of examples. Furthermore, reading your article, John C. strikes me as a person who didn't develop personal hatreds, or just took a fight, just out of combative nature. Rather, to me, he seems to have preferred to decline fights if he thought it would be too much hassle, or deferring (including to Boyd) to the election of "antagonists". Thus, even though your sources say that they were enemies, is that an assertion you need to transmit, when the sources are inadequate on examples? That Boyd was an alternate candidate to breckinridge at different times is amply evidenced by your other writings, and even if Heck and Davis want to make a drama of "enemies" here, I don't think you need to do that.Arildnordby (talk) 23:24, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, I suppose that is reasonable. At present, it is only really connected to Boyd's failure to reciprocate Breckinridge's deference with an important committee assignment, so we can probably drop it and allow the facts of later elections speak for themselves, as you suggest. Done. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 00:32, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* If any of your sources have a letter or something in which John C. expresses disappointment at the ingratitude Boyd showed him, then that would, in my view, a better insertion than the "factional enemies" element.Arildnordby (talk) 08:47, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* If such a letter does not exist, do you think your sources warrants an explicit assertion that the assignment John C. was a snub, or act of ingratitude? That element is, as for now, adequately emphasized by the "factional enemies" phrase, but if that is to be removed, then I think a rephrasing of the remainder is in order to highlight to the reader that Boyd acted, in fact, rather shabbily towards John C. I don't feel that the "lightly regarded" phrase on its own is sufficient emphasis of that point.Arildnordby (talk) 09:26, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* Either Heck or Davis – maybe both; I can't remember off the top of my head – mention that many people had expected him to get a plum committee assignment, especially given his deference, but neither elaborates as to who was included in that "many people", which makes it difficult to use. Davis kind of talks about the idea that it was a snub, if I recall correctly, but that's just one person's opinion, and not even a contemporary, at that. As for a letter from JCB himself, Davis emphasizes in several places that JCB usually avoided political intrigue and finger-pointing, even when such finger-pointing was obviously justified, so I suspect little would be forthcoming on that front. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 12:32, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
As for judgments of petty cases: If Heck regards these cases as examples of such pettiness, I think you should explicitly state that, by way of introducing them like: "As examples, Heck mentions..", or something like that. Otherwise, the reader is left uncetain about whether to regard the given cases as the typical bills passed, or if they are to be regarded as exceptions to that rule.Arildnordby (talk) 09:51, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* I'm a little uncertain on that point myself. You'll notice that the detail about the bills Breckinridge supported is attributed to Davis, so it may be that Heck thought them petty, but Davis not so much. It could also be that Heck's biography is fewer than 200 pages and Davis' is over 600, so Davis just had more room to elaborate. Without any way to connect Heck's judgments to Davis' detail, I'm kind of left to my own devices. I rather think Heck's description could apply to these measures, but it may not. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 12:32, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
As for the subsectioning issue relative to John C. being considered Speaker. Personally, I thought that Speaker is a highly honourable position, and that therefore, it is rather unusual that a rather new politician like John C. should get it? Thus, it might possibly be warranted to expand that a bit, for example by noting those who did want to honour him in that way. If such an expansion is possible on basis of your sources, then the problem of subsections, with the present sentence being too short as a stand alone subsection will disappearArildnordby (talk) 10:11, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
* Well, a freshman rep being elected speaker would never happen today, but it wasn't unheard of at that time. In fact, the much-talked-about Henry Clay had done just that a few years prior. At that time, it was more a recognition of ability and, to some degree, eloquence, while today it is almost exclusively a matter of seniority. Again, Davis is rather vague about who sought JCB's election as speaker, so there is no way to characterize them as a bloc. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 12:32, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
On Heck vs. Davis. Since Davis must be regarded as the most significant biographer for John C., I believe that his value judgments are the ones to retain in your article at points of uncertainty, as a general rule. If Heck's judgments bring in a refreshing quality to the article, by all means include them then, but if they generate uncertainties or puzzles instead, perhaps you should consider dropping them? To simply retain Davis' list of bills, without Heck's opinion of them, illustrates quite well on its own the rather humdrum, day-to-day affairs, and readers might be left to decide for themselves whether to regard this as "important" stuff or as petty. And that is for the best, I think, when none of your sources give clear guidance on what types of bills are the usual ones, and what types are the exceptions to that pattern.
* That's not a bad suggestion. I expanded from the Heck biography first and added this assessment because there was so little about what Breckinridge did in the state house, but after the expansion from Davis, it isn't really necessary. Removed. Acdixon (talk · contribs) 12:26, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
However, precisely because Davis is John C.s main biographer, I think his opinion of John C.s assignment as being a snub is worthwhile enough to mention. Furthermore, most readers will not be aware that it wasn't impossible for a freshman to become Speaker; I believe it would be a valuable addition to your article to say precisely that, referring to the precedence case of Henry Clay.Arildnordby (talk) 13:49, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
Plain sailing until US Vice President. Here, I believe the charged word "enemy" relative to Boyd should be changed to antagonist; you have given ample evidence of the competition between these two for positions previously, so "antagonist" is warranted, if not "enemy".
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PersistentVolume
A PersistentVolume (PV) is a piece of storage in the cluster that has been provisioned by an administrator or dynamically provisioned using Storage Classes.
PV’s are used by pods via the pod’s volumes spec, just like regular volumes. They are not intended to be interchangable with volumes, you can think of a PersistentVolume as a specific type of volume, that is detached from a pod’s lifecycle, and exist even if the pod is shutdown.
The PersistentVolume construct represents a pre-existing volume in the cluster.
Types
Each type is implmented as its own construct, exposing both common properties as well as type specific ones. Currently the supported types are:
• AwsElasticBlockStorePersistentVolume
• AzureDiskPersistentVolume
• GCEPersistentDiskPersistentVolume
For example, to create a PV from an existing AWS EBS volume:
import * as kplus from 'cdk8s-plus-26';
import * as cdk8s from 'cdk8s';
const vol = new kplus.AwsElasticBlockStorePersistentVolume(chart, 'Volume', {
// must exist in aws
volumeId: 'vol1234',
// assign the volume to small-ebs storage class
storageClassName: 'small-ebs',
// what is the volume storage
storage: cdk8s.Size.gibibytes(50),
});
Note that this does not actually create a new volume, it merely manifests an existing volume in AWS as a Kubernetes resource.
Reserve
See https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#reserving-a-persistentvolume
Once the PV is defined, you can reserve it:
const claim = vol.reserve();
This method creates a new PersistentVolumeClaim and performs a bi-directional binding that reserves the volume for usage. You can use the claim to mount a volume onto a container like usual:
container.mount('/data', kplus.Volume.fromPersistentVolumeClaim(claim));
You can also directly mount a persistent volume, which will implicitly reserve it and create a volume from the created claim:
const vol = new kplus.AwsElasticBlockStorePersistentVolume(chart, 'Volume', { volumeId: 'vol1234' });
container.mount('/data', vol);
Bind
Binding is a part of the reservation process, but it only creates a one directional link. You can use it to bind a PV to an existing PVC. Note however that if the PVC is not bound to the PV, there’s no guarantee this volume will indeed be given that specific claim.
const claim = kplus.PersistentVolumeClaim.fromClaimName('claim');
// will modify the vol resource to refer to the claim.
// but no the other way around.
vol.bind(claim);
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Mark Cuban: 'We at the top' can make less to fix income inequality
Mark Cuban is the latest billionaire to weigh in on the growing income inequality between the richest and poorest Americans. There is "no question" that the U.S. has a larger wealth gap than other developed nations, Cuban said in an interview with Fox Business at the SALT hedge fund conference in Las Vegas on Monday. But while that widening wealth gap has helped give rise to Democratic Socialist politicians like presidential candidate Bernie Sanders and a push for progressive economic and political reforms, Cuban argues that the solution to income inequality can still be found in our current capitalistic economic model. "I don't think anybody truly believes switching to socialism is going to bridge that gap," Cuban tells Fox Business. "But I do think it's a conversation that we need to have because income inequality leads to social disruption and the biggest risk to this… country and the biggest risk to all businesses… is violence and you know that's what we want to solve. The question is how do we do it?" Cuban, who says he "leans libertarian historically," believes that capitalism is still the best answer to the country's growing income inequality issue. But he also believes in the need for what he calls "compassionate capitalism," which includes wealthy people like him sacrificing some of their wealth to help "bring the bottom up," he says. "As someone who's wealthy, as someone who is looking to benefit the company, every capitalist has got to do the same thing," Cuban tells Fox Business. "We've got to say, 'Look, if we at the top make a little bit less and we help those at the bottom more, capitalism gets stronger. And it's not socialism, it's stronger and smarter and more, better capitalism.'" While Cuban does not specify exactly how wealthier Americans can sacrifice some of their wealth to help narrow the wealth gap, other leaders from the worlds of business and politics have called for increased taxes on the wealthiest Americans to help solve the issue. In April, hedge fund billionaire Ray Dalio called growing income inequality "an existential risk for the U.S." and he called for higher taxes on the richest Americans, like himself, to create a revenue stream that the government could reinvest in areas like public education and infrastructure. Dalio, who founded hedge fund Bridgewater Associates out of a two-bedroom New York City apartment more than four decades ago and built it into the world's largest hedge fund, says he "lived the American dream … [But,] I think the American dream is lost." Dalio is far from alone, as billionaires like Warren Buffett and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates have also called for higher taxes on the country's top earners. And Cuban himself has also argued against cutting corporate tax rates, and he's said that wealthy people should pay their fair share of taxes. "After military service, the most patriotic thing you can do as a wealthy person is pay your taxes," Cuban told CNN in 2016. And much like Cuban, Buffett and Gates have also both argued in favor capitalism over socialism. "Some people think when you defend capitalism you're defending the tax rates," Gates told CNBC earlier this month in an interview alongside Buffett, with Gates adding that capitalism can still thrive even with higher tax rates on wealthy individuals helping to fund social programs. Meanwhile, Buffett, who calls himself "a card-carrying capitalist," argues in the CNBC interview that free-market capitalism has helped spur ingenuity and economic growth in America. "We're just getting started with what capitalism can do," he says.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 25.djvu/467
FIFTIETH CONGRESS. Sess. I. Ch. 860. 1888. 421 Improying Mississippi River from Des Moines Rapids to the mouth R'fyGI{¤°¤*'* °* mims of Illinois River. two hundred thousand dollars, including the re- ` inoval of bars at the inouth of Cedar Creek, in Quincy Bay, dredging in said bay: opening \Villow Slough, and removing the bars at the mouth of Wh1p7ple Creek and Hamburg Bay, if in the opinion of the Secretary of I ar the same is deemed advisable in the interest of commerce and navigation; and fifty thousand dollars of said sum, or so much thereof as may be necessary may be expended in improving and strengthening Sny Island Levee where it crosses Sincarte Slough and other sloughs, and in repairing wash outs in said levee. Improving dry-dock at Des Moines Rapids; To complete, sixteen Dry-d<>ck.DesM<>in¤s thousand two hundred and fifty dollars. R”*"dS‘ Improving the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Illinois R'!`°erm<>¤**= ¤* 0**0 River to the mouth of the Ohio River, including the completion of W ` the work at Alton, and at the discretion of the Secretary of War, the protection of the Illinois shore opposite the mouth of the Missouri River, and the improvement of Saint Louis harbor: Continuing improvement, three hundred thousand dollars. Improving Mississippi River from head of the Passes to the mouth uf};;,?) gigs Pm6s of the Ohio River: ontinuing improvement, two million dollars; ` which sum shall be expended under the direction of the Secretar of War in accordance with the plans, specifications, and recommendyi ations of the Mississippi River Commission: Provided, That no por- Prwiws. tion of this appropriation shall be expended to repair or build levees L°"°°S· for the purpose of reclaiming lands or preventing injury to lands or private property by overflows: Provided, however, That the Commission is authorized to repair and build levees if in their judgment it should be done as part of their plans to afford ease and safety to the navigation and commerce of the river and to deepen the _Pro¤ecti¤g navigachannel. Of the foregoing sum one hundred and fiftyethousand dol- °‘°“‘ lars, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, shall expended in protecting the bank along the Lake Bolivar front,:; revetment. For survey of the Mississippi River from the he of the (passes to Survey- its headwaters: Continuing survey, seventy-five thousand ollars. For continuing the removal of snags, wrecks, and other obstruc- Srwzs. ew tions in the Mississippi River, one hundred thousand dollars. For work in accordance with the plans and specifications of the Mississippi River Commission: At Columbus, Kentucky: Continuing improvement, twenty-five commbus, xy- thousand dollars. At Hickman, Kentucky: Continuing improvement, seventy thou· Hickman, xy. sand dollars. At Helena, Arkansas, sevent —five thousand dollars. n¤1s¤¤,Ark. At Greenville, Mississippi: Ciontinuing improvement, seventy-five Greenville. mss. thousand dollars. At Vicksbur, Mississippi: Continuing improvement, one hun- vmksbmg. ni. dred and fifty thousand dollars. At New Orleans, Louisiana: Continuing improvement, two hun- New one¤¤s,1,¤. dred thousand dollars. _ _ _ At the head of the Atchafalaya and mouth of Red River, Louisi- Rgtgméalaya and ana, for rectification thereof, by preventing further enlargement of ` the Atchafalaya and restricting its outlet capacity, and for turning the waters of Red River into the north or upp)er channel around Turnbull’s Island, and for keeping open a naviga le channel through the mouth of Red or Old River into the Mississippi, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. ‘ _ _ _ _ _ _ For gauging the waters of the Lower_M1ss1ss1pp1 River and its Gaugmg. tributaries as provided for in joint resolution of twenty-first of Feb- V0!-16·v—599· ruary, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, nine thousand six hundred dollars : Provided, That three thousand six hundred dollars of same Prcvieo. is authorized to be expended in paying the expenses of gauging the Deficiency.
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Webb City, Missouri
Webb City is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 13,031 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Webb City also has a police department, a fire department, and animal control services.
History
Webb City (Webbville) was platted by John C. Webb in September 1875 and incorporated in December 1876, with a population of 700. The city was located on a portion of Webb's 200-acre farm, which he entered in February 1857. There, in 1873, Webb discovered lead while plowing. With the assistance of W.A. Daugherty, he sank the first pump-shaft in 1874. Webb then leased his land to Daugherty and G.P. Ashcraft. In 1876, the Center Creek Mining Company leased the land and began operations. Some 20 years later, 700 mines were located within the limits of Webb City and adjacent Carterville, and the district ranked first in the production of zinc ore.
Webb aided the city in its material development. He donated land for a school and the first Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He built the Webb City Bank and the first hotel.
The St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad was built to Webb City in 1879, followed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1881. The population increased from 1,588 in 1880 to 9,201 in 1900. After the success of the first Webb City sheet ground mine ("Yellow Dog") in the 1890s, business boomed. The 100-room Newland Hotel was built and co-educational Webb City College was established. The Webb City Mining District was prominently represented at the Chicago Columbia Exposition in 1893 and at the 1898 Omaha International Exhibit. Webb City received for its mineral display the only silver medal awarded. A.H. Rogers built a mule streetcar line from Webb City to Carterville, 1889, the predecessor of the SouthWest Missouri Electric Railway, established 1893, and expanded in the 1900s to become the Southwest Missouri Railroad Company. a vast inter-urban system with a power plant, car barns and an employee clubhouse at Webb City.
The influx of miners supported a thriving saloon district on Daugherty Street, also called "Red Hot Street." However due to the Prohibition movement and efforts of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the city voted to become a dry city in 1910.
During World War I, zinc and lead concentrate produced in the Webb City ~ Carterville ~ Prosperity District were valued at more than $18 million. Webb City's population increased to some 15,000.
In 1914, the Webb City Register reported that "an aggregation" took responsibility to limit the African American population of the city. The Register would describe the 1916 population of 40 Black residents as too large, calling for another periodic expulsion.
After the decline of mining in the postwar period, Webb City turned to diversified industrial and agricultural production. In the 1930s and during World War II, explosives were manufactured by powder plants located near Webb City.
The Downtown Webb City Historic District and Middle West Hotel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Missouri, as is the Elijah Thomas Webb Residence, an elaborate Queen Anne style three-story built by Elijah Webb, son of the town's founder John Webb.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.63 sqmi, all land.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Webb City was part of the "Tri-State Mining District", at the time the world's largest and most productive lead and zinc mining field. The area remains surrounded by chat piles that are used primarily in road-building.
2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 13,031 people, 4,672 households, and 3,126 families in Webb City. The population density was 1,508.2 per square mile (582.3/km$2$). There were 5,103 housing units at an average density of 590.6 per square mile (228.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 82.46% (10,746) white, 1.65% (215) black or African-American, 1.5% (195) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.24% (162) Asian, 0.25% (32) Pacific Islander, 3.15% (410) from other races, and 9.75% (1,271) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.3% (394) of the population.
Of the 4,672 households, 33.7% had children under the age of 18; 48.1% were married couples living together; 31.7% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 26.8% consisted of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.0.
24.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 86.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 77.1 males.
The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $53,727 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,725) and the median family income was $60,768 (+/- $4,982). Males had a median income of $35,393 (+/- $4,450) versus $24,877 (+/- $4,047) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $29,652 (+/- $4,868). Approximately, 8.2% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.8% of those under the age of 18 and 10.6% of those ages 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 10,996 people, 4,230 households, and 2,840 families living in the city. The population density was 1274.2 PD/sqmi. There were 4,730 housing units at an average density of 548.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.7% White, 1.6% African American, 1.5% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.2% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population.
There were 4,230 households, of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.10.
The median age in the city was 32.1 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64, and 11.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,812 people, 0,808 households, and 2,600 families living in the city. The population density was 1,318.0 PD/sqmi. There were 4,108 housing units at an average density of 551.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.53% White, 3.51% African American, 1.32% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from other races, and 4.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.57% of the population.
There were 3,808 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 4, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $21,398 and the median income for a family was $30,9. Males had a median income of $22 versus $18 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,589. About 16.36% of families and 20.147% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Public education in Webb City is administered by Webb City R-VII School District. In 2004, Webb City High School was sued by the American Civil Liberties Union in federal court for violating a student's freedom of speech when he was not allowed to wear t-shirts with Gay pride messages. The student later dropped out of the school.
Webb City has a lending library, the Webb City Public Library.
Notable people
* W. Alton Jones, industrialist, philanthropist, President of CITGO (1940–1953)
* Gordon Arthur Riley, biological oceanographer (1911–1985)
* John Roderique, Webb City High School football coach (1997-2022), most state titles all-time Missouri
* Grant Wistrom, defensive end for the St. Louis Rams (1998–2003) and the Seattle Seahawks (2004–2006)
* Grace Steele Woodward, writer and historian (1899–1987)
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WIKI
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Page:The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, Volume 9.djvu/184
174 analogy to William Wood; and now the branches are all cut off, he stands ready with his axe at the root.
Upon this subject of perpetual absentees I have spent some time in very insignificant reflections; and considering the usual motives of human actions, which are pleasure, profit, and ambition, I cannot yet comprehend how those persons find their account in any of the three. I speak not of those English peers or gentlemen, who, beside their estates at home, have possessions here, for in that case the matter is desperate; but I mean those lords, and wealthy knights, or squires, whose birth, and partly their education, and all their fortune (except some trifle, and that in a very few instances) are in this kingdom. I knew many of them well enough during several years, when I resided in England; and truly I could not discover that the figure they made, was by any means a subject for envy; at least it gave me two very different passions. For, excepting the advantage of going now and then to an opera, or sometimes appearing behind a crowd at court, or adding to the ring of coaches in Hyde Park, or losing their money at the chocolate house, or getting news, votes, and minutes about five days before us in Dublin; I say, beside these, and a few other privileges of less importance, their temptations to live in London were beyond my knowledge or conception. And I used to wonder, how a man of birth and spirit, could endure to be wholly insignificant and obscure in a foreign country, when he might live with lustre in his own; and even at less than half that expense, which he strains himself to make without obtaining any one end, except that which happened
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Doto amyra
Doto amyra, or the hammerhead doto, is a species of very small or minute sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Dotidae.
Distribution
This species occurs from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico.
Description
This nudibranch reaches a maximum size of 14 mm, but commonly it is under 10 mm in adult size.
The body is colourless, but the cerata are coloured due to the digestive glands inside them. The colour of the digestive gland can be creamy yellow to orange-red to brown, depending on the colour of the hydroids that an individual specimen has been eating. Compared with Doto kya and Doto columbiana this species lacks any dark pigment on the body.
Ecology
This nudibranch feeds on hydroids. It has been reported apparently feeding on a variety of species including Garveia sp., Bougainvilliidae, Abietinaria spp., Sertulariidae as well as a plumulariid hydroid. This may be evidence of a species complex rather than a single species. It in unusual in having a form of development where the eggs are large compared with most Doto species and therefore larvae which settle after only a few days in the plankton.
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WIKI
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Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Astor, William Backhouse
ASTOR, WILLIAM BACKHOUSE, an American capitalist, born in New York City, Sept. 19, 1792; eldest son of John Jacob Astor; was associated with his father in business; increased the family fortune to $45,000,000; and gave $550,000 to the Astor Library. He died in New York, Nov. 24, 1875.
Source: Collier's New Encyclopedia 1. (1921) New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company. 314.
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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/COIReports/2009, Jan 11
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* 23:22:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:22:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:22:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:21:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:21:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:21:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Electroide - user talk (contribs) on page Electropop (song) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('electroide'-'electropop (song)' = 35% (70/50))
* 23:21:37, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Draconis Bipedesa - user talk (contribs) on page Draconis Albionensis (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('draconis bipedesa'-'draconis albionensis' = 28.29% (56.35/50.21))
* 23:15:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:04:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 23:03:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Electroide - user talk (contribs) on page Electropop (album) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('electroide'-'electropop (album)' = 32.66% (70/46.66))
* 23:03:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Paullillyusa - user talk (contribs) on page Chief Paul D. Lilly (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('paullillyusa'-'chief paul d. lilly' = 32.8% (60.75/54))
* 23:03:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Saturday Night Sam - user talk (contribs) on page Saturday Night Live (Season 34) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('saturday night sam'-'saturday night live (season 34)' = 53.43% (91.37/58.48))
* 23:03:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fife Pedro - user talk (contribs) on page Fife Flyers (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fife pedro'-'fife flyers' = 29.78% (54.57/54.58))
* 22:54:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Paullillyusa - user talk (contribs) on page Chief Paul D. Lilly (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('paullillyusa'-'chief paul d. lilly' = 32.8% (60.75/54))
* 22:51:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:50:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fadim14 - user talk (contribs) on page Fadi mamar (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fadim14'-'fadi mamar' = 39.67% (71.42/55.55))
* 22:50:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fadim14 - user talk (contribs) on page Fadi mamar (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fadim14'-'fadi mamar' = 39.67% (71.42/55.55))
* 22:50:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:50:21, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Nickoverton1986 - user talk (contribs) on page Nick overton (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nickoverton1986'-'nick overton' = 73.33% (73.33/100))
* 22:50:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:50:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fadim14 - user talk (contribs) on page Fadi mamar (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fadim14'-'fadi mamar' = 39.67% (71.42/55.55))
* 22:41:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:40:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:40:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:40:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:31:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:28:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ADVRECORDS - user talk (contribs) on page Advocate Records (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('advrecords'-'advocate records' = 66.66% (100/66.66))
* 22:28:10, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:27:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 22:27:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ADVRECORDS - user talk (contribs) on page Advocate Records (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('advrecords'-'advocate records' = 66.66% (100/66.66))
* 22:19:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fadim14 - user talk (contribs) on page Fadi mamar (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fadim14'-'fadi mamar' = 39.67% (71.42/55.55))
* 22:19:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Justinsane15 - user talk (contribs) on page Justin Eilers (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('justinsane15'-'justin eilers' = 30.16% (54.92/54.92))
* 22:16:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:SuperSonicUnleashed - user talk (contribs) on page Sonic Unleashed (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supersonicunleashed'-'sonic unleashed' = 73.68% (73.68/100))
* 22:16:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kerryman2 - user talk (contribs) on page Kerry GAA (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kerryman2'-'kerry gaa' = 46.87% (64.55/72.62))
* 22:07:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lindavallejo - user talk (contribs) on page Linda Vallejo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lindavallejo'-'linda vallejo' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:56:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ssandolo - user talk (contribs) on page Sophie Sandolo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ssandolo'-'sophie sandolo' = 61.53% (100/61.53))
* 21:54:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:54:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:53:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:45:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ssandolo - user talk (contribs) on page Sophie Sandolo (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ssandolo'-'sophie sandolo' = 61.53% (100/61.53))
* 21:44:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LM.CFan - user talk (contribs) on page LM.C (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lm.cfan'-'lm.c' = 50% (50/100))
* 21:44:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brandenburg - user talk (contribs) on page SK Brann (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brandenburg'-'sk brann' = 27.63% (45.45/60.8))
* 21:44:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tvetskova - user talk (contribs) on page Tvetskova (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tvetskova'-'tvetskova' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Nhbunzl - user talk (contribs) on page Martin Bunzl (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nhbunzl'-'martin bunzl' = 45.19% (84.28/53.63))
* 21:44:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Zenon2009 - user talk (contribs) on page Deaths in 2009 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('zenon2009'-'deaths in 2009' = 27.35% (57.29/47.74))
* 21:44:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:44:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:43:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mystified13 - user talk (contribs) on page Mystified (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mystified13'-'mystified' = 81.81% (81.81/100))
* 21:43:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:43:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:37:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:37:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Maheshbmw - user talk (contribs) on page * Mahesh Mhatre (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('maheshbmw'-'* mahesh mhatre' = 42.42% (74.76/56.75))
* 21:37:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mystified13 - user talk (contribs) on page Mystified (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mystified13'-'mystified' = 81.81% (81.81/100))
* 21:37:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geneologylogger - user talk (contribs) on page Geneologylogger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geneologylogger'-'geneologylogger' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:34:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:34:17, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:34:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lukethemewmew - user talk (contribs) on page Tokyo Mew Mew (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lukethemewmew'-'tokyo mew mew' = 30.98% (51.2/60.51))
* 21:34:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:34:01, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:33:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:33:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:DivaGash - user talk (contribs) on page Diva Gash (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('divagash'-'diva gash' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:33:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:LouisaJNott - user talk (contribs) on page Louisa nott (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('louisajnott'-'louisa nott' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 21:18:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tvetskova - user talk (contribs) on page Tvetskova (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tvetskova'-'tvetskova' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:17:30, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Johnnie Sue Bridges - user talk (contribs) on page Johnnie Sue Bridges (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('johnnie sue bridges'-'johnnie sue bridges' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:02:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Basement league - user talk (contribs) on page Basement League (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('basement league'-'basement league' = 100% (100/100))
* 21:02:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:RVELovelace - user talk (contribs) on page Eldridge Lovelace (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('rvelovelace'-'eldridge lovelace' = 55.68% (90/61.87))
* 21:01:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:55:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:55:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Steffanm123 - user talk (contribs) on page Steffan Martin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('steffanm123'-'steffan martin' = 44.74% (72.72/61.53))
* 20:53:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tneeds - user talk (contribs) on page Todd R. Needs (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tneeds'-'todd r. needs' = 60% (100/60))
* 20:53:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Napcabs - user talk (contribs) on page Napcabs (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('napcabs'-'napcabs' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:53:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:53:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Whinston - user talk (contribs) on page Whinston (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('whinston'-'whinston' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:53:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Steffanm123 - user talk (contribs) on page Steffan Martin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('steffanm123'-'steffan martin' = 44.74% (72.72/61.53))
* 20:53:02, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Elliot90 - user talk (contribs) on page Elliot greer (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('elliot90'-'elliot greer' = 40.9% (75/54.54))
* 20:52:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MotoraWiki - user talk (contribs) on page Motora (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('motorawiki'-'motora' = 60% (60/100))
* 20:52:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Steffanm123 - user talk (contribs) on page Steffan Martin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('steffanm123'-'steffan martin' = 44.74% (72.72/61.53))
* 20:52:51, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Napcabs - user talk (contribs) on page Napcabs (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('napcabs'-'napcabs' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:52:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Napcabs - user talk (contribs) on page Napcabs (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('napcabs'-'napcabs' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:52:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Steffanm123 - user talk (contribs) on page Steffan Martin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('steffanm123'-'steffan martin' = 44.74% (72.72/61.53))
* 20:52:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:JackPatel81 - user talk (contribs) on page Jaikrishna Patel (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jackpatel81'-'jaikrishna patel' = 26.5% (54.11/48.99))
* 20:52:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Steffanm123 - user talk (contribs) on page Steffan Martin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('steffanm123'-'steffan martin' = 44.74% (72.72/61.53))
* 20:52:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Michig - user talk (contribs) on page Chair (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('michig'-'chair' = 25.22% (48.33/52.2))
* 20:52:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:A. Carty - user talk (contribs) on page Todd Carty (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('a. carty'-'todd carty' = 46.28% (83.33/55.55))
* 20:52:32, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:49:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Electroide - user talk (contribs) on page Electropop (song) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('electroide'-'electropop (song)' = 35% (70/50))
* 20:43:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:32, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:43:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Csilber - user talk (contribs) on page Christoph Silber (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('csilber'-'christoph silber' = 41.99% (90/46.66))
* 20:34:02, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:JackPatel81 - user talk (contribs) on page Jaikrishna Patel (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jackpatel81'-'jaikrishna patel' = 26.5% (54.11/48.99))
* 20:33:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Csilber - user talk (contribs) on page Christoph Silber (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('csilber'-'christoph silber' = 41.99% (90/46.66))
* 20:33:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Weewardy - user talk (contribs) on page Weewardy90 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('weewardy'-'weewardy90' = 80% (100/80))
* 20:33:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Weewardy - user talk (contribs) on page Weewardy90 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('weewardy'-'weewardy90' = 80% (100/80))
* 20:32:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Weewardy - user talk (contribs) on page Weewardy90 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('weewardy'-'weewardy90' = 80% (100/80))
* 20:32:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:JackPatel81 - user talk (contribs) on page Jaikrishna Patel (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jackpatel81'-'jaikrishna patel' = 26.5% (54.11/48.99))
* 20:32:53, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Csilber - user talk (contribs) on page Christoph Silber (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('csilber'-'christoph silber' = 41.99% (90/46.66))
* 20:32:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:32:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:JackPatel81 - user talk (contribs) on page Jaikrishna Patel (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jackpatel81'-'jaikrishna patel' = 26.5% (54.11/48.99))
* 20:19:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jagaarj - user talk (contribs) on page JagaaRj (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jagaarj'-'jagaarj' = 100% (100/100))
* 20:18:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Csilber - user talk (contribs) on page Christoph Silber (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('csilber'-'christoph silber' = 41.99% (90/46.66))
* 20:18:14, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hauganm - user talk (contribs) on page Haugan (name) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hauganm'-'haugan (name)' = 70% (100/70))
* 20:00:37, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:59:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:58:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:58:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:57:17, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:57:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:57:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Asteuartw - user talk (contribs) on page Dr George H. Steuart (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('asteuartw'-'dr george h. steuart' = 30.62% (70/43.75))
* 19:57:04, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:57:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:56:53, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:56:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:56:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:50:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:50:21, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:50:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:49:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Wnross - user talk (contribs) on page Andrea Ross (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('wnross'-'andrea ross' = 36.01% (73.5/49))
* 19:49:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:49:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Shemurph - user talk (contribs) on page Sheila Murphy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shemurph'-'sheila murphy' = 59.99% (90/66.66))
* 19:48:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:48:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:47:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jt.thomas3 - user talk (contribs) on page John joseph thomas (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jt.thomas3'-'john joseph thomas' = 26.77% (62.1/43.12))
* 19:47:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:47:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:47:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Obddiagn - user talk (contribs) on page On-board diagnostics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('obddiagn'-'on-board diagnostics' = 32.41% (78.97/41.05))
* 19:46:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:46:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Obddiagn - user talk (contribs) on page On-board diagnostics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('obddiagn'-'on-board diagnostics' = 32.41% (78.97/41.05))
* 19:46:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Obddiagn - user talk (contribs) on page On-board diagnostics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('obddiagn'-'on-board diagnostics' = 32.41% (78.97/41.05))
* 19:46:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:46:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Obddiagn - user talk (contribs) on page On-board diagnostics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('obddiagn'-'on-board diagnostics' = 32.41% (78.97/41.05))
* 19:46:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 19:46:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:46:25, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:46:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Chrisdlc - user talk (contribs) on page Chris De La Cruz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('chrisdlc'-'chris de la cruz' = 57.15% (95.25/60))
* 19:33:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:27:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:The Montclarion - user talk (contribs) on page The Montclarion (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('the montclarion'-'the montclarion' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:26:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:24:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MacedonianBoy - user talk (contribs) on page Macedonian language (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('macedonianboy'-'macedonian language' = 42.72% (76.92/55.55))
* 19:24:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delvin5 - user talk (contribs) on page Delvin Hughley (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delvin5'-'delvin hughley' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 19:15:10, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mahalf - user talk (contribs) on page Mahalf (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mahalf'-'mahalf' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:15:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Marco vallin - user talk (contribs) on page Marco Vallin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('marco vallin'-'marco vallin' = 100% (100/100))
* 19:14:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mahalf - user talk (contribs) on page Mahalf (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mahalf'-'mahalf' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:48:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Klsudhan - user talk (contribs) on page Sudhun (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('klsudhan'-'sudhun' = 49.09% (61.25/80.16))
* 18:48:30, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Puertorico1 - user talk (contribs) on page Puerto Rico (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('puertorico1'-'puerto rico' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 18:48:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:48:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Puertorico1 - user talk (contribs) on page Puerto Rico (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('puertorico1'-'puerto rico' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 18:48:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:48:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:47:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:47:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kiddrooney - user talk (contribs) on page Capp Rooney (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kiddrooney'-'capp rooney' = 36% (60/60))
* 18:47:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:47:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:47:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Maltzmuseum - user talk (contribs) on page Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('maltzmuseum'-'maltz museum of jewish heritage' = 40.74% (100/40.74))
* 18:47:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Klsudhan - user talk (contribs) on page Sudhun (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('klsudhan'-'sudhun' = 49.09% (61.25/80.16))
* 18:39:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Supermetalfreak - user talk (contribs) on page Supermetalfreak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('supermetalfreak'-'supermetalfreak' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:38:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Klsudhan - user talk (contribs) on page Sudhun (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('klsudhan'-'sudhun' = 49.09% (61.25/80.16))
* 18:38:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Klsudhan - user talk (contribs) on page Sudhun (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('klsudhan'-'sudhun' = 49.09% (61.25/80.16))
* 18:38:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Klsudhan - user talk (contribs) on page Sudhun (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('klsudhan'-'sudhun' = 49.09% (61.25/80.16))
* 18:37:14, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Rshefchik - user talk (contribs) on page Rick Shefchik (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('rshefchik'-'rick shefchik' = 75% (100/75))
* 18:37:02, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Rshefchik - user talk (contribs) on page Rick Shefchik (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('rshefchik'-'rick shefchik' = 75% (100/75))
* 18:36:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delusionsman - user talk (contribs) on page Delusions LLC (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delusionsman'-'delusions llc' = 56.25% (75/75))
* 18:36:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Chickengold - user talk (contribs) on page Chicken, Alaska (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('chickengold'-'chicken, alaska' = 38.41% (69.6/55.2))
* 18:36:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Rshefchik - user talk (contribs) on page Rick Shefchik (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('rshefchik'-'rick shefchik' = 75% (100/75))
* 18:36:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Williamchen130 - user talk (contribs) on page William Chen (sf) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('williamchen130'-'william chen (sf)' = 66.47% (78.57/84.61))
* 18:36:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Delusionsman - user talk (contribs) on page Delusions LLC (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('delusionsman'-'delusions llc' = 56.25% (75/75))
* 18:36:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bioethica Americana - user talk (contribs) on page Bioethics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bioethica americana'-'bioethics' = 35.54% (44.44/79.99))
* 18:22:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bioethica Americana - user talk (contribs) on page Bioethics (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bioethica americana'-'bioethics' = 35.54% (44.44/79.99))
* 18:22:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Williamchen130 - user talk (contribs) on page William Chen (sf) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('williamchen130'-'william chen (sf)' = 66.47% (78.57/84.61))
* 18:21:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lcoonts - user talk (contribs) on page Lawton coonts (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lcoonts'-'lawton coonts' = 58.33% (100/58.33))
* 18:10:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Guygarvey - user talk (contribs) on page Guy Garvey (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('guygarvey'-'guy garvey' = 100% (100/100))
* 18:10:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Binoyrakesh - user talk (contribs) on page Binoy rakesh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('binoyrakesh'-'binoy rakesh' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:58:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Muhammad Maqbool - user talk (contribs) on page Mian Muhammad Maqbool (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('muhammad maqbool'-'mian muhammad maqbool' = 78.94% (100/78.94))
* 17:57:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Muhammad Maqbool - user talk (contribs) on page Mian Muhammad Maqbool (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('muhammad maqbool'-'mian muhammad maqbool' = 78.94% (100/78.94))
* 17:49:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Muhammad Maqbool - user talk (contribs) on page Mian Muhammad Maqbool (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('muhammad maqbool'-'mian muhammad maqbool' = 78.94% (100/78.94))
* 17:49:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gleonardos - user talk (contribs) on page George Leonardos (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gleonardos'-'george leonardos' = 66.66% (100/66.66))
* 17:46:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tonylunasss - user talk (contribs) on page Tonylunass (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tonylunasss'-'tonylunass' = 90.9% (90.9/100))
* 17:37:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Angelrising - user talk (contribs) on page Rising (musican) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('angelrising'-'rising (musican)' = 30.67% (66.47/46.15))
* 17:36:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Angelrising - user talk (contribs) on page Angel Rising (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('angelrising'-'angel rising' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:32:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Carolinaherrerasinger - user talk (contribs) on page Carolina Herrera (entertainer) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('carolinaherrerasinger'-'carolina herrera (entertainer)' = 54.36% (83.92/64.78))
* 17:32:21, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Angelrising - user talk (contribs) on page Angel Rising (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('angelrising'-'angel rising' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:32:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Carolinaherrerasinger - user talk (contribs) on page Carolina Herrera (entertainer) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('carolinaherrerasinger'-'carolina herrera (entertainer)' = 54.36% (83.92/64.78))
* 17:32:01, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hammeredsoul - user talk (contribs) on page Hammeredsoul (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hammeredsoul'-'hammeredsoul' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:26:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Carolinaherrerasinger - user talk (contribs) on page Carolina Herrera (entertainer) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('carolinaherrerasinger'-'carolina herrera (entertainer)' = 54.36% (83.92/64.78))
* 17:23:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 17:21:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kentrbrown - user talk (contribs) on page Kent R. Brown (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kentrbrown'-'kent r. brown' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:21:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MotoraWiki - user talk (contribs) on page Motora (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('motorawiki'-'motora' = 60% (60/100))
* 17:20:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ernestoalto - user talk (contribs) on page Ernesto Gastaldi (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ernestoalto'-'ernesto gastaldi' = 47.91% (76.89/62.32))
* 17:20:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kentrbrown - user talk (contribs) on page Kent R. Brown (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kentrbrown'-'kent r. brown' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:20:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MotoraWiki - user talk (contribs) on page Motora (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('motorawiki'-'motora' = 60% (60/100))
* 17:20:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 17:04:52, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Enda Caldwell - user talk (contribs) on page Enda Caldwell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('enda caldwell'-'enda caldwell' = 100% (100/100))
* 17:02:14, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 17:01:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 17:01:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hauganm - user talk (contribs) on page Haugen (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hauganm'-'haugen' = 57.16% (70/81.66))
* 16:51:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 16:49:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:BarıÅ-Peace - user talk (contribs) on page BarıŠAkarsu (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('barıÅ-peace'-'barıŠakarsu' = 34.08% (58.38/58.38))
* 16:49:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 16:40:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 16:40:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Aandtservices - user talk (contribs) on page A and t services (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('aandtservices'-'a and t services' = 100% (100/100))
* 16:38:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Aandtservices - user talk (contribs) on page A and t services (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('aandtservices'-'a and t services' = 100% (100/100))
* 16:38:55, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 16:36:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Crushspot - user talk (contribs) on page Crushspot (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('crushspot'-'crushspot' = 100% (100/100))
* 16:36:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lbadisa - user talk (contribs) on page Lawrence B. Adisa (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lbadisa'-'lawrence b. adisa' = 45% (90/50))
* 16:35:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Usantiluther - user talk (contribs) on page Martin luther (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('usantiluther'-'martin luther' = 42.71% (65.36/65.36))
* 16:21:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Crushspot - user talk (contribs) on page Crushspot (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('crushspot'-'crushspot' = 100% (100/100))
* 16:15:01, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Paulnbz - user talk (contribs) on page Paul Nebenzahl (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('paulnbz'-'paul nebenzahl' = 44.51% (85.11/52.3))
* 16:14:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Paulnbz - user talk (contribs) on page Paul Nebenzahl (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('paulnbz'-'paul nebenzahl' = 44.51% (85.11/52.3))
* 16:12:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Reedy - user talk (contribs) on page Seedbox (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('reedy'-'seedbox' = 25.71% (60/42.85))
* 16:10:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 16:10:53, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Sillybone - user talk (contribs) on page Sillybone (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sillybone'-'sillybone' = 100% (100/100))
* 16:10:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 16:10:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:X-shaped - user talk (contribs) on page X-shaped radio galaxy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('x-shaped'-'x-shaped radio galaxy' = 42.1% (100/42.1))
* 16:01:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 15:59:25, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kowsari - user talk (contribs) on page Masooma kowsari (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kowsari'-'masooma kowsari' = 50% (100/50))
* 15:49:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Morimoto - user talk (contribs) on page Richard I. Morimoto (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('morimoto'-'richard i. morimoto' = 50% (100/50))
* 15:48:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Morimoto - user talk (contribs) on page Richard I. Morimoto (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('morimoto'-'richard i. morimoto' = 50% (100/50))
* 15:47:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Terence Buckle - user talk (contribs) on page Claude Buckle (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('terence buckle'-'claude buckle' = 37.57% (58.89/63.8))
* 15:47:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Terence Buckle - user talk (contribs) on page Claude Buckle (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('terence buckle'-'claude buckle' = 37.57% (58.89/63.8))
* 15:47:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:BlintVidz - user talk (contribs) on page Blint Vidz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('blintvidz'-'blint vidz' = 100% (100/100))
* 15:32:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Dan rootham - user talk (contribs) on page Jasper Rootham (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('dan rootham'-'jasper rootham' = 46.9% (78.09/60.07))
* 15:32:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 15:31:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:BlintVidz - user talk (contribs) on page Blint Vidz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('blintvidz'-'blint vidz' = 100% (100/100))
* 15:23:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:BlintVidz - user talk (contribs) on page Blint Vidz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('blintvidz'-'blint vidz' = 100% (100/100))
* 15:06:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bawilson74 - user talk (contribs) on page Wilson (surname) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bawilson74'-'wilson (surname)' = 30.71% (66.56/46.15))
* 15:06:04, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bawilson74 - user talk (contribs) on page Wilson (surname) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bawilson74'-'wilson (surname)' = 30.71% (66.56/46.15))
* 15:06:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:China's Tiger - user talk (contribs) on page Bengal tiger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('china's tiger'-'bengal tiger' = 26.59% (52.6/50.57))
* 14:50:51, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Sanfy - user talk (contribs) on page Sanford (name) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sanfy'-'sanford (name)' = 26.17% (72/36.36))
* 14:49:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Therevoffs - user talk (contribs) on page The revoffs (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('therevoffs'-'the revoffs' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:39:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Savetheelephants - user talk (contribs) on page Save the Elephants (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('savetheelephants'-'save the elephants' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:39:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gbellocchi - user talk (contribs) on page Gianni Bellocchi (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gbellocchi'-'gianni bellocchi' = 66.66% (100/66.66))
* 14:39:14, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hauganm - user talk (contribs) on page Jørgen Haugan (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hauganm'-'jørgen haugan' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 14:39:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hauganm - user talk (contribs) on page Jørgen Haugan (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hauganm'-'jørgen haugan' = 39.55% (85.71/46.15))
* 14:32:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Zongrone - user talk (contribs) on page Daniel Zongrone (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('zongrone'-'daniel zongrone' = 57.14% (100/57.14))
* 14:31:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:NubiaPrince - user talk (contribs) on page Nubian Museum (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nubiaprince'-'nubian museum' = 27.16% (51.64/52.6))
* 14:31:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Wncwgm - user talk (contribs) on page WNCW (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('wncwgm'-'wncw' = 66.66% (66.66/100))
* 14:31:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:NubiaPrince - user talk (contribs) on page Nubian Museum (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nubiaprince'-'nubian museum' = 27.16% (51.64/52.6))
* 14:31:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:NubiaPrince - user talk (contribs) on page Nubian Museum (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nubiaprince'-'nubian museum' = 27.16% (51.64/52.6))
* 14:26:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Zongrone - user talk (contribs) on page Daniel Zongrone (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('zongrone'-'daniel zongrone' = 57.14% (100/57.14))
* 14:26:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:HypnoSynthesis - user talk (contribs) on page Self-hypnosis (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hypnosynthesis'-'self-hypnosis' = 29.86% (55.71/53.6))
* 14:22:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gbellocchi - user talk (contribs) on page Gianni Bellocchi (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gbellocchi'-'gianni bellocchi' = 66.66% (100/66.66))
* 14:18:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Wncwgm - user talk (contribs) on page WNCW (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('wncwgm'-'wncw' = 66.66% (66.66/100))
* 14:18:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Savetheelephants - user talk (contribs) on page Save the elephants (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('savetheelephants'-'save the elephants' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:17:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gavtaylor - user talk (contribs) on page Taylor (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gavtaylor'-'taylor' = 66.66% (66.66/100))
* 14:16:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gavtaylor - user talk (contribs) on page Taylor (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gavtaylor'-'taylor' = 66.66% (66.66/100))
* 14:04:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 14:04:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TBHecht - user talk (contribs) on page Kenneth Hecht (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tbhecht'-'kenneth hecht' = 37.28% (75.85/49.16))
* 14:03:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Savetheelephants - user talk (contribs) on page Save the Elephants (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('savetheelephants'-'save the elephants' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:02:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 14:02:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 14:01:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 14:00:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 14:00:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Arugam - user talk (contribs) on page Arugam (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('arugam'-'arugam' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:00:14, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 14:00:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Partisan1 - user talk (contribs) on page Latvian partisans (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('partisan1'-'latvian partisans' = 44.44% (88.88/50))
* 14:00:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Savetheelephants - user talk (contribs) on page Save the Elephants (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('savetheelephants'-'save the elephants' = 100% (100/100))
* 14:00:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 13:59:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Grahamgissing - user talk (contribs) on page Graham (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('grahamgissing'-'graham' = 46.15% (46.15/100))
* 13:50:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lucasbfrbot - user talk (contribs) on page Lucas Babin (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lucasbfrbot'-'lucas babin' = 41.16% (61.17/67.29))
* 13:50:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Arugam - user talk (contribs) on page Arugam (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('arugam'-'arugam' = 100% (100/100))
* 13:50:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Grahamgissing - user talk (contribs) on page Graham (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('grahamgissing'-'graham' = 46.15% (46.15/100))
* 13:45:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:City Lit editor - user talk (contribs) on page City Lit (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('city lit editor'-'city lit' = 53.84% (53.84/100))
* 13:44:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ilovecharlotte - user talk (contribs) on page Charlotte phoebus (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ilovecharlotte'-'charlotte phoebus' = 41.42% (73.65/56.25))
* 13:27:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ilovecharlotte - user talk (contribs) on page Charlotte phoebus (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ilovecharlotte'-'charlotte phoebus' = 41.42% (73.65/56.25))
* 13:27:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 13:26:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kathmandu2007 - user talk (contribs) on page Kathmandu (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kathmandu2007'-'kathmandu' = 69.23% (69.23/100))
* 13:26:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Sampeach3 - user talk (contribs) on page Stuart Peach (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sampeach3'-'stuart peach' = 44.26% (73.55/60.18))
* 13:26:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Xnicloud - user talk (contribs) on page Xnicloud (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('xnicloud'-'xnicloud' = 100% (100/100))
* 13:26:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:26:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Sampeach3 - user talk (contribs) on page Stuart Peach (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sampeach3'-'stuart peach' = 44.26% (73.55/60.18))
* 13:26:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:26:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Kathmandu2007 - user talk (contribs) on page Kathmandu (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('kathmandu2007'-'kathmandu' = 69.23% (69.23/100))
* 13:26:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:26:04, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:17:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:12:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ppmcgowan - user talk (contribs) on page Kathleen McGowan (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ppmcgowan'-'kathleen mcgowan' = 36.28% (77.77/46.66))
* 13:12:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:12:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Commander Shepard - user talk (contribs) on page Supreme Commander (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('commander shepard'-'supreme commander' = 37.24% (56.25/66.21))
* 13:11:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Nhbunzl - user talk (contribs) on page Martin Bunzl (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('nhbunzl'-'martin bunzl' = 45.19% (84.28/53.63))
* 13:10:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Commander Shepard - user talk (contribs) on page Supreme Commander (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('commander shepard'-'supreme commander' = 37.24% (56.25/66.21))
* 13:10:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Commander Shepard - user talk (contribs) on page Supreme Commander (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('commander shepard'-'supreme commander' = 37.24% (56.25/66.21))
* 13:10:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Commander Shepard - user talk (contribs) on page Supreme Commander (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('commander shepard'-'supreme commander' = 37.24% (56.25/66.21))
* 13:04:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 13:04:04, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ProgressiveAeternus - user talk (contribs) on page Neo-progressive rock (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('progressiveaeternus'-'neo-progressive rock' = 37.29% (61.73/60.41))
* 13:01:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:China's Tiger - user talk (contribs) on page Bengal tiger (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('china's tiger'-'bengal tiger' = 26.59% (52.6/50.57))
* 13:01:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Fizzy gas - user talk (contribs) on page Dr fizz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('fizzy gas'-'dr fizz' = 33.33% (50/66.66))
* 13:01:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Adamjonothangrimshaw - user talk (contribs) on page Adam Grimshaw (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('adamjonothangrimshaw'-'adam grimshaw' = 48.6% (60/81))
* 12:51:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Helidrome - user talk (contribs) on page Heliport (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('helidrome'-'heliport' = 31.05% (52.54/59.11))
* 12:51:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 12:51:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Helidrome - user talk (contribs) on page Helipad (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('helidrome'-'helipad' = 36.09% (53.44/67.55))
* 12:45:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Farrahw - user talk (contribs) on page Farrah (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('farrahw'-'farrah' = 85.71% (85.71/100))
* 12:44:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ikramy2030 - user talk (contribs) on page Ikramy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ikramy2030'-'ikramy' = 60% (60/100))
* 12:44:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Adamjonothangrimshaw - user talk (contribs) on page Adam Grimshaw (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('adamjonothangrimshaw'-'adam grimshaw' = 48.6% (60/81))
* 12:44:06, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Adamjonothangrimshaw - user talk (contribs) on page Adam Grimshaw (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('adamjonothangrimshaw'-'adam grimshaw' = 48.6% (60/81))
* 12:38:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hebesoc - user talk (contribs) on page Hebe Society (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hebesoc'-'hebe society' = 63.63% (100/63.63))
* 12:38:25, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bodhamboy - user talk (contribs) on page Bodham (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bodhamboy'-'bodham' = 66.66% (66.66/100))
* 12:33:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tom Hitchkinz - user talk (contribs) on page Hitchkinz Bros (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tom hitchkinz'-'hitchkinz bros' = 56.59% (81.75/69.23))
* 12:29:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hebesoc - user talk (contribs) on page Hebe Society (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hebesoc'-'hebe society' = 63.63% (100/63.63))
* 12:26:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tom Hitchkinz - user talk (contribs) on page Hitchkinz Bros (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tom hitchkinz'-'hitchkinz bros' = 56.59% (81.75/69.23))
* 12:26:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gkaji - user talk (contribs) on page Gkaji (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gkaji'-'gkaji' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:25:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tom Hitchkinz - user talk (contribs) on page Hitchkinz Bros (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tom hitchkinz'-'hitchkinz bros' = 56.59% (81.75/69.23))
* 12:24:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tom Hitchkinz - user talk (contribs) on page Tom Hitchkinz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tom hitchkinz'-'tom hitchkinz' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:24:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tom Hitchkinz - user talk (contribs) on page Tom Hitchkinz (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tom hitchkinz'-'tom hitchkinz' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:24:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bhamre mandar - user talk (contribs) on page Bhamre mandar (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bhamre mandar'-'bhamre mandar' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:18:21, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Bhamre mandar - user talk (contribs) on page Mandar block (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('bhamre mandar'-'mandar block' = 30.24% (55.46/54.54))
* 12:08:10, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tommarx - user talk (contribs) on page Tom Marx (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tommarx'-'tom marx' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:08:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tommarx - user talk (contribs) on page Tom Marx (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tommarx'-'tom marx' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:07:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Helidrome - user talk (contribs) on page Helipad (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('helidrome'-'helipad' = 36.09% (53.44/67.55))
* 12:07:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:WeedofromNSW - user talk (contribs) on page Weed (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('weedofromnsw'-'weed' = 33.33% (33.33/100))
* 12:07:37, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geophray - user talk (contribs) on page Geophray (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geophray'-'geophray' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:07:34, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geophray - user talk (contribs) on page Geophray (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geophray'-'geophray' = 100% (100/100))
* 12:07:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Autisun - user talk (contribs) on page Autism Sunday (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('autisun'-'autism sunday' = 50.99% (87.42/58.33))
* 12:07:13, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ant1Vanden - user talk (contribs) on page Antoine Vandenheste (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ant1vanden'-'antoine vandenheste' = 30.65% (63.42/48.33))
* 11:53:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 11:51:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:SOBYTHIRUVALLA-PULLAD - user talk (contribs) on page Pullad (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sobythiruvalla-pullad'-'pullad' = 28.57% (28.57/100))
* 11:51:02, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:SOBYTHIRUVALLA-PULLAD - user talk (contribs) on page Tiruvalla (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sobythiruvalla-pullad'-'tiruvalla' = 38.56% (42.85/90))
* 11:51:01, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Moallaf - user talk (contribs) on page Naaman Allaf (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('moallaf'-'naaman allaf' = 45.19% (84.28/53.63))
* 11:50:44, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jake Marr - user talk (contribs) on page Jake Marr (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jake marr'-'jake marr' = 100% (100/100))
* 11:50:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:SOBYTHIRUVALLA-PULLAD - user talk (contribs) on page Tiruvalla (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('sobythiruvalla-pullad'-'tiruvalla' = 38.56% (42.85/90))
* 11:50:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Autisun - user talk (contribs) on page Autism Sunday (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('autisun'-'autism sunday' = 50.99% (87.42/58.33))
* 11:41:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Euphorbia tirucalli - user talk (contribs) on page Euphorbia tirucalli (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('euphorbia tirucalli'-'euphorbia tirucalli' = 100% (100/100))
* 11:40:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hebesoc - user talk (contribs) on page Hebe (genus) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hebesoc'-'hebe (genus)' = 36.09% (67.55/53.44))
* 11:38:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hebesoc - user talk (contribs) on page Hebe (genus) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hebesoc'-'hebe (genus)' = 36.09% (67.55/53.44))
* 11:37:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Hebesoc - user talk (contribs) on page Hebe (genus) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('hebesoc'-'hebe (genus)' = 36.09% (67.55/53.44))
* 11:35:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:SecurityPatterns - user talk (contribs) on page Security Patterns (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('securitypatterns'-'security patterns' = 100% (100/100))
* 11:35:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MacedonianBoy - user talk (contribs) on page Macedonian language (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('macedonianboy'-'macedonian language' = 42.72% (76.92/55.55))
* 11:34:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MacedonianBoy - user talk (contribs) on page Macedonian language (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('macedonianboy'-'macedonian language' = 42.72% (76.92/55.55))
* 11:34:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShadowRanger - user talk (contribs) on page Power Rangers (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shadowranger'-'power rangers' = 38.62% (62.15/62.15))
* 11:26:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:MacedonianBoy - user talk (contribs) on page Macedonian language (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('macedonianboy'-'macedonian language' = 42.72% (76.92/55.55))
* 11:25:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:25:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:23:11, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:11:18, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:QAassistant - user talk (contribs) on page QA Assistant (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('qaassistant'-'qa assistant' = 100% (100/100))
* 11:09:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:08:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:08:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:07:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:05:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:QAassistant - user talk (contribs) on page QA Assistant (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('qaassistant'-'qa assistant' = 100% (100/100))
* 11:05:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:05:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:05:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 11:04:55, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ihorp - user talk (contribs) on page Ihor Podolchak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ihorp'-'ihor podolchak' = 38.46% (100/38.46))
* 10:54:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Autisun - user talk (contribs) on page Autism Sunday (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('autisun'-'autism sunday' = 50.99% (87.42/58.33))
* 10:49:08, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Poketalk - user talk (contribs) on page Poketalk (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('poketalk'-'poketalk' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:49:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Poketalk - user talk (contribs) on page Poketalk (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('poketalk'-'poketalk' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:48:47, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Chinsurance - user talk (contribs) on page Insurance companies in China (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('chinsurance'-'insurance companies in china' = 28.62% (79.52/36))
* 10:48:45, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Poketalk - user talk (contribs) on page Poketalk (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('poketalk'-'poketalk' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:48:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jeremymagbojos - user talk (contribs) on page Jeremy magbojos (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jeremymagbojos'-'jeremy magbojos' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:48:31, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Virginia80 - user talk (contribs) on page Oakton, Virginia (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('virginia80'-'oakton, virginia' = 42.66% (80/53.33))
* 10:34:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Guitar Mashing (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'guitar mashing' = 61.9% (61.9/100))
* 10:30:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:29:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:27:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:27:25, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:25:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 10:24:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Virginia80 - user talk (contribs) on page Oakton, Virginia (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('virginia80'-'oakton, virginia' = 42.66% (80/53.33))
* 10:24:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:24:03, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:TimScottGuitarMashing - user talk (contribs) on page Tim Scott (guitarist) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('timscottguitarmashing'-'tim scott (guitarist)' = 61.42% (70.52/87.11))
* 10:23:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:18:23, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:16:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:16:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:13:21, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:11:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:10:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:10:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 10:09:35, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Coaster J - user talk (contribs) on page Wild Thing (roller coaster) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('coaster j'-'wild thing (roller coaster)' = 25.05% (78.75/31.81))
* 10:09:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Stacysk - user talk (contribs) on page Siran Stacy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('stacysk'-'siran stacy' = 42.13% (71.42/59))
* 10:01:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 10:00:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Stacysk - user talk (contribs) on page Siran Stacy (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('stacysk'-'siran stacy' = 42.13% (71.42/59))
* 09:59:56, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 09:48:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Pinz101 - user talk (contribs) on page Pinzino (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('pinz101'-'pinzino' = 32.64% (57.14/57.14))
* 09:48:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Charlieandthebhoys - user talk (contribs) on page Charlie and The Bhoys (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('charlieandthebhoys'-'charlie and the bhoys' = 100% (100/100))
* 09:42:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Lintromania - user talk (contribs) on page Lintromania (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('lintromania'-'lintromania' = 100% (100/100))
* 09:42:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 09:33:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Audiocodes - user talk (contribs) on page AudioCodes (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('audiocodes'-'audiocodes' = 100% (100/100))
* 09:25:02, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jjshapiro - user talk (contribs) on page Jeremy J. Shapiro (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jjshapiro'-'jeremy j. shapiro' = 64.28% (100/64.28))
* 09:00:25, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Reborn the Monster - user talk (contribs) on page Monster Reborn (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('reborn the monster'-'monster reborn' = 39.37% (81.25/48.46))
* 09:00:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Reborn the Monster - user talk (contribs) on page Monster Reborn (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('reborn the monster'-'monster reborn' = 39.37% (81.25/48.46))
* 08:34:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 08:32:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 08:11:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Geert.Desmet.Dentergem - user talk (contribs) on page Dentergem (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('geert.desmet.dentergem'-'dentergem' = 45% (45/100))
* 08:10:17, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brettrick27 - user talk (contribs) on page Brett J. Herrick (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brettrick27'-'brett j. herrick' = 46.54% (70.36/66.15))
* 08:06:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 08:06:12, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 08:04:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Auntof6 - user talk (contribs) on page Beaumont (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('auntof6'-'beaumont' = 25.5% (46.28/55.12))
* 08:04:29, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:44:51, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:41:26, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:40:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:39:58, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:39:05, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:37:53, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:36:54, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:36:50, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Brianrmorrell - user talk (contribs) on page Brian Morrell (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('brianrmorrell'-'brian morrell' = 92.3% (92.3/100))
* 07:30:39, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:29:09, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:28:43, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:28:33, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:27:04, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Donnydoonycream - user talk (contribs) on page Donnydoonycream (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('donnydoonycream'-'donnydoonycream' = 100% (100/100))
* 07:26:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Singaporean748 - user talk (contribs) on page Caning in Singapore (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('singaporean748'-'caning in singapore' = 39.53% (64.28/61.51))
* 07:25:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:24:41, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Eddieaverill - user talk (contribs) on page Eddie averill (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('eddieaverill'-'eddie averill' = 100% (100/100))
* 07:24:36, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:24:19, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:23:38, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:ShabeerMemunda - user talk (contribs) on page Memunda (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('shabeermemunda'-'memunda' = 50% (50/100))
* 07:18:48, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Poly sanchez - user talk (contribs) on page Poly Sanchez (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('poly sanchez'-'poly sanchez' = 100% (100/100))
* 06:53:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Checkmegamillions - user talk (contribs) on page Mega Millions (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('checkmegamillions'-'mega millions' = 70.58% (70.58/100))
* 06:52:57, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ewawer - user talk (contribs) on page Easter (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ewawer'-'easter' = 29.48% (54.3/54.3))
* 06:51:59, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ewawer - user talk (contribs) on page Easter (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ewawer'-'easter' = 29.48% (54.3/54.3))
* 06:49:15, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ewawer - user talk (contribs) on page Easter (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ewawer'-'easter' = 29.48% (54.3/54.3))
* 06:47:31, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Checkmegamillions - user talk (contribs) on page Mega Millions (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('checkmegamillions'-'mega millions' = 70.58% (70.58/100))
* 06:47:28, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Checkmegamillions - user talk (contribs) on page Mega Millions (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('checkmegamillions'-'mega millions' = 70.58% (70.58/100))
* 06:47:27, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:And1truestory - user talk (contribs) on page AND1 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('and1truestory'-'and1' = 30.76% (30.76/100))
* 06:42:55, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:And1truestory - user talk (contribs) on page AND1 (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('and1truestory'-'and1' = 30.76% (30.76/100))
* 06:40:16, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Jitheshmaniyat - user talk (contribs) on page Maniyat (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('jitheshmaniyat'-'maniyat' = 50% (50/100))
* 06:26:30, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Cranbourne Presbyterian - user talk (contribs) on page Cranbourne, Victoria (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('cranbourne presbyterian'-'cranbourne, victoria' = 30.03% (54.12/55.5))
* 06:23:22, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Legobot II - user talk (contribs) on page Leg (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('legobot ii'-'leg' = 33.33% (33.33/100))
* 06:22:20, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Ossetian - user talk (contribs) on page South Ossetia (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('ossetian'-'south ossetia' = 51.03% (87.5/58.33))
* 06:20:00, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mstroh - user talk (contribs) on page John Hans Stroh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mstroh'-'john hans stroh' = 28.84% (75/38.46))
* 06:19:24, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Wnross - user talk (contribs) on page Andrea Ross (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('wnross'-'andrea ross' = 36.01% (73.5/49))
* 06:16:49, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mstroh - user talk (contribs) on page John Hans Stroh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mstroh'-'john hans stroh' = 28.84% (75/38.46))
* 06:15:07, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tamaragreak - user talk (contribs) on page Tamara Greak (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tamaragreak'-'tamara greak' = 100% (100/100))
* 06:14:40, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Wnross - user talk (contribs) on page Andrea Ross (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('wnross'-'andrea ross' = 36.01% (73.5/49))
* 06:13:46, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Tamaragreak - user talk (contribs) on page Tamara (name) (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('tamaragreak'-'tamara (name)' = 41.16% (61.17/67.29))
* 06:13:30, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mstroh - user talk (contribs) on page John Hans Stroh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mstroh'-'john hans stroh' = 28.84% (75/38.46))
* 06:10:42, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mstroh - user talk (contribs) on page John Hans Stroh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mstroh'-'john hans stroh' = 28.84% (75/38.46))
* 06:09:53, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Rooneycapp - user talk (contribs) on page Capp Rooney (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('rooneycapp'-'capp rooney' = 60% (60/100))
* 06:06:31, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Gonverse - user talk (contribs) on page Gonverse (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('gonverse'-'gonverse' = 100% (100/100))
* 06:05:01, Sun Jan 11, 2009 - user:Mstroh - user talk (contribs) on page John Hans Stroh (diff - undo) -> (overlap) Username overlaps with pagename ('mstroh'-'john hans stroh' = 28.84% (75/38.46))
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WIKI
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BRIEF-Sorrento, Servier enter exclusive worldwide license, collaboration agreement
July 11 (Reuters) - Sorrento Therapeutics * Sorrento and Servier enter into exclusive worldwide license and collaboration agreement for development and commercialization of anti-PD-1 antibody * Financial terms of agreement include, among other things, a non-refundable upfront payment to Sorrento of EUR 25 million * May also receive development milestone payments for initial product and each additional product * May receive up to EUR 710 million in payments based on commercial sales milestones * To be entitled to receive royalties on sales of commercialized products ranging from high single-digit to double-digit percentages Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Bengaluru Newsroom: +1 646 223 8780)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/Archive 8
Glaciergate
From the Telegraph, is apparently the title of this business now. There is so much info I think we may have to write a new article about the entire affair. TheGoodLocust (talk) 06:48, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Oh and from here, the lead author admits the info wasn't verified and knew it was "grey literature." The author then goes on to say that they put it in there to influence policy-makers in the region. Additionally, there is criticism in the article about how the IPCC tends to be rather alarmist in there predictions, which is why I laugh when I read the wikipedia article since it says they are criticized for being conservative. TheGoodLocust (talk) 06:54, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Or as Newsbusters accurately describes it, "IPCC Scientist: Fake Data Used To Put Pressure On World Leaders."TheGoodLocust (talk) 07:09, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
And from Fox News: '' The IPCC "made a clear and obvious error when it stated that Himalayan glaciers would be gone by 2035," added Patrick J. Michaels, a senior fellow in environmental policy at the libertarian Cato Institute, in an interview.
"The absurdity was obvious to anyone who had studied the scientific literature. This was not an honest mistake. IPCC had been warned about it for a year by many scientists."''TheGoodLocust (talk) 07:11, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Seems to me all this should be in this article as it is a crit of the IPCC and not of AR4 as it was to begin with. I was writing up a section for here but you seem to be ahead of me, why not write up what you have and we can go from there mark nutley (talk) 08:00, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
Full protection
Seeing the dispute is flaring up again, I've fully protected the article until disputes are resolved. -- JForget 15:57, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
More IPCC blunders, per Times of London
"UN wrongly linked global warming to natural disasters", by Jonathan Leake, Science and Environment Editor, January 24, 2010. Arguably more serious blunders than the Himalayan glacier fiasco. The Times is doing some interesting investigative reporting on the IPCC. --Pete Tillman (talk) 04:56, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Yep, it all goes back to them using inadequate sources to make incredible claims. TheGoodLocust (talk) 05:30, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* The IPCC has responded to the Times article here, and Roger Pielke, Jr. comments on the IPCC statement here: "This press release from the IPCC would have been a fine opportunity to set the scientific and procedural record straight and admit to what are obvious and major errors in content and process. Instead, it has decided to defend the indefensible... Not a good showing by the IPCC." Pete Tillman (talk) 18:26, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
This error was one of five "glaring" errors
I reverted TGL's, for the obvious reasons: it is wildly controversial stuff which he has made no attempt to gain consensus for on talk.
There are any number of problems with that text; lets start with the most obvious: if this error is so "glaring", how come a mistake in a 2007 report (which was publically available as draft in 2006) wasn't spotted until late 2009? William M. Connolley (talk) 09:52, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* It is hardly wildly controversial now is it. It is well sourced and pertinent to this article. You have broken the 1R rule on this article btw i left you a message on your talkspace --mark nutley (talk) 11:07, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* More news on this, Interview with Dr Lal--mark nutley (talk) 11:16, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Wrong about AGW being linked to natural disasters Wow thats three massive errors found already in a few minutes, what exactly was your issue with this WMC? --mark nutley (talk) 11:22, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* First of all, he wasn't "misquoted" (by the IPCC) - since we know the IPCC quoted the text from the WWF report. Secondly the 5 errors are in the same paragraph as before. It is still only one paragraph that is in error, the error comes from the WWF report. Third, Dr. Hasnain according to the Times certainly has a lot of the blame by not pointing out the error, despite acknowledging that he knew about it. And the whole "glaring" thing is simply POV. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 12:07, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* 1 - WWF got it from new scientist who got it from a short phone call so yes the IPCC have misquoted him by using material they should not have.
* 2 - AGW being linked to natural disasters This is more than one paragraph in error. The entire report should be in doubt along with the IPCC when such obvious lies are told.
* 3- The people to blame are those who wrote and released this report by using material they should not have, which would be the IPCC. Dr Lal says that they knew it should not have been in but they used it to promote an alarmist agenda. So failing to see an issue with this inclusion --mark nutley (talk) 12:20, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* I'm sorry, but do you consider Newsbusters a reliable source? I'm going to make you aware here that BLP rules do apply to talk-pages as well, and that your statement that Dr. Lal "lied" is a breach. You are inferring here, and you aren't basing it on reliable sources but instead on your own personal POV. (Nowhere is it said that Dr. Lal "lied" sorry). There is nothing wrong with the IPCC using "grey literature", it is in fact (as pointed out earlier) stated clearly that they can do so. When the IPCC are quoting from the WWF report, they cannot be "misquoting" something when they state the same thing as the WWF report. If anyone is misquoting - it is the WWF (and they didn't do so either - since they also quote a reference where the same information is located). --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 13:02, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Were in the above statement did i write "Dr Lal lied"? mark nutley (talk) 13:12, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* No, WWF didn't get it from NS, they got it from ICSI, as they said. Your #2 looks like speculation. Dunno what you're on about in #3. Try to avoid mud-flinging; concentrate on one secure thing at a time instead of multiple poorly supported ideas William M. Connolley (talk) 12:56, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
what exactly was your issue with this - well, I've already provided one clear objection that you have failed to answer. Have another go William M. Connolley (talk) 12:53, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* WWF got it from ICSI? Source please, and a reliable one not a self published one from WWF as all sources to date say it came from NS. #2 How can you say it`s speculation? read the article and of course Chris Landsea Leaves IPCCkinda verify`s it. 3 i was responding to kim saying that Dr Hasnain had to shoulder a lot of the blame, the blame lies squarely at the feet of the IPCC for wishing to push their alarmist agenda. mark nutley (talk) 13:10, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* There are a lot of "reliable" sources out there that have been hopelessly wrong on this; you're clinging to them because they support your POV. As to how we know, how much spoon feeding do you need? Its already written down in the Criticism of the IPCC AR4 article: and I quote, from the WWF report, quoted there: In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: “glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood [sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high”. [p. 38] I think you'll agree that does rather suggest that they got it from ICSI, no? William M. Connolley (talk) 13:33, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
Sorry man, once again it is you who need spoon feeding,
* "In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated `glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood[sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high."
This statement was used in good faith but it is now clear that this was erroneous and should be disregarded.
* Yes. There is no dispute about that William M. Connolley (talk) 17:01, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
The essence of this quote is also used on page 3 in the Executive summary where it states: The New Scientist magazine carried the article "Flooded Out - Retreating glaciers spell disaster for valley communities" in their 5 June 1999 issue. It quoted Professor Syed Hasnain, then Chairman of the International Commission for Snow and Ice's (ICSI) Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology, who said most of the glaciers in the Himalayan region "will vanish within 40 years as a result of global warming" See that part there about It quoted Professor Syed Hasnain'' now were do you think that quote came from? The NS of course. Even the WWF says it came from there. --mark nutley (talk) 16:01, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Well no. The material on p3 (p3? I thought it was p2) doesn't mention 2035. Also, it is quite clear from the material quoted that the WWF text has come from the ICSI text, not the NS text. You've got this wrong; stop digging; you just make yourself ridiculous William M. Connolley (talk) 17:01, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* I'm right, and you're wrong: it is on p2. Did you read the report, or are you just parroting someone else's error? William M. Connolley (talk) 19:35, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Seriously man, do not chop my posts up again. Now what part of this are you confused about? The New Scientist magazine carried the article "Flooded Out - Retreating glaciers spell disaster for valley communities" in their 5 June 1999 issue. It quoted Professor Syed Hasnain, then Chairman of the International Commission for Snow and Ice's (ICSI) Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology, who said most of the glaciers in the Himalayan region "will vanish within 40 years as a result of global warming Why is it so hard for you to comprehend the WWF`s own words? The 2035 quote came from NS, from an interview with Hasnain, Hasnain has said it was speculation. The only link to the ICSI is the fact that hasnain was working for them then. Any further questions? --mark nutley (talk) 19:39, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* I've explained it above. may also help William M. Connolley (talk) 19:44, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
BTW - we should not be using that interview with Lal as a RS: Lal has an enormous COI over this issue. As I read it, Lal was the guy responsible for putting 2035 in, and he knew at the time, cos Kaser told him, that it was wrong. *Now* he has been caught out, and he needs a good excuse for why it isn't all his fault, so is desperately trying to spray blame around William M. Connolley (talk) 19:44, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Not page two of the wwf report, page 12. The New Scientist magazine carried the article “Flooded Out – Retreating glaciers spell disaster for valley communities” in their 5 June 1999 issue. It quoted Professor Syed Hasnain, then Chairman of the International Commission for Snow and Ice’s (ICSI) Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology, who said most of the glaciers in the Himalayan region “will vanish within 40 years as a result of global warming”. The article also predicted that freshwater flow in rivers across South Asia will “eventually diminish, resulting in widespread water shortages There ya go, any further proof required? Are you seriously saying that only lal knew of this? How many people helped write that report and missed this? Come on man. And perhaps you should not be accusing people of stuff, i got a bollocking from TS for just that today. --mark nutley (talk) 19:49, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Hold on. What are you on about? Just up above you said it was on p3 William M. Connolley (talk) 19:55, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Perhaps you should hold of on the beer, you said page 3 i never said a page number until my last post mate :) mark nutley (talk) 20:05, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
For what it's worth, a New Scientist editorial, 16th Jan, says that they believe that they are the primary source for '2035': "The claim later appeared in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's most recent report - and it turns out that our article is the primary published source". --Nigelj (talk) 20:36, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
Can we agree on the opinion that the '2035' is the result of the "interview alike" contact between New Scientist and Hasnain (being in a leading position of ICSI at this time) - if you really need it more precisely you might need to ask all involved parties from that time. That statement as it looks today is far away from anything like the outcome of a peer reviewed study. IPCC should in theory have a footnote for each claim it reproduces during their document creation process and probably marker for the scientific quality of each such statement. How else would they be in state of deciding between plain white and greyish sources when it comes to the final document assembly? providing the footnotes to their reviewers and even to the rest of the world is something i would expect to be the normal case for scientific standard work procedures. any note on just an interview (might it be 8 years old as in this case) for such thrilling news would lead any serious reviewer to ask how reliable this projection is and if there was an update on the insights in the insights in the time in between. A simple call between colleges would have unveiled the truth about that not at all that serious statement. no one would blame you if you dont check that much on already reviewed materials but not reviewing ans unreviewed statements with that magnitude is a hoax for the whole process. listen to the IPCC critics on the India research - they were told having ignore most other sources around them whilst performing a mostly solid authentic and original research. so the IPCC told them "we have alternate insights" (did they? they have not yet provided any replacement, if i heared right), more knowledge and whatever - but it looks like they did not show them to anyone, else it should have popped up rapidly that those '2035' prognosis was far beyond any expectation area of what anybody else sees as the future development. picking the most thrilling statement and ignoring any other stocked insights does not lead you to anywhere but shipwrecking your works. having a best-/worst-/standard-case estimation is a recommended normal doing. with that you can open up your mind for any case and prepare for that up to some degree. hey, if i wanted to read some main stream science media then i go for NS directly. sometimes i might go for such an offer, but often i would rather like to abstain that. lets see if i'd now like to read any of the past or future IPCC reports. --Alexander.stohr (talk) 22:27, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Alexander, the IPCC does footnote it, to the WWF report, which itself sources it to an ICSI report, which again sources it to Kotlyakov (who says 2350 not 2035), the WWF made the mistake, the IPCC ate the mistake raw (which was their mistake). --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 22:54, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* No kim, look above please you will see what i copied and pasted from the WWF report. It came from that interview in the NS. I have also read that the WWF has been used extensively by the IPCC in the preparation of AR4 Check out this list in see also. Still waiting on WMC`s reply to the above . —Preceding unsigned comment added by Marknutley (talk • contribs) 07:19, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
RfC: What does WP:DUE indicate regarding errors in an IPCC report?
A 2007 synthesis report by the IPCC (main article, sometimes referred to as AR4) included inaccurate statements on the rapidity of glacial melting in the Himalayas. This was based on literature that had not been peer reviewed, in contravention of IPCC's stated process. Choose just about any diff here to see the proposed text. Is it WP:DUE weight to include a section along these lines? Does it give WP:UNDUE weight to one aspect of the topic Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change? What is the WP:PROMINENCE of criticisms of one report to the topic of the article on the Panel? For background discussion, see and. - 2/0 (cont.) 20:33, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
RfC text fixed for neutral presentation here. - 2/0 (cont.) 20:33, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
Section for comments from uninvolved editors only
* I've looked around this and as far as I can tell the only purpose of including the text is to try to portray IPCC as unreliable, which in general they are not. It's not a criticism that makes the mainstream reviews of the subject I've read and seems to be considered massively important by the global warming denial community and nobody else. As such it looks very much like undue weight to me, something considered significantly only y a fringe minority (there are analogues in the debate around the big bang theory, some people seek to exploit minor debates around tiny facets of what amounts to an overwhelming consensus in order to overstate the extent of the dispute and the solidity of the evidence base). I guess I am reminded of the infamous hockey stick, criticism of which is used to deny the late 20th century temperature uptick which appears in so many different models that those using the hockey stick critique give a very strong impression of deliberately choosing the thing they can criticise in order to avoid answering an unanswerable case. Guy (Help!) 21:55, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* No idea what the current status of the RfC is, but. The "Himalayan Glaciers" section seems to be about a rather small issue that is given too much weight/space. But the same can be said about all sub-section in the "Criticism of IPCC" section. I think it is important to present the criticism, but it is also important to inform the un-informed reader that there are also many scientists who agree with the finding (and all of these have not gotten their own 10-line description in the article). I also miss a description of the possibly-unfair criticism from politicians and others. To summarize, I think the criticism should be included but it is necessary to have a meta-description about what the general consensus in the scientific, and political, community is. Labongo (talk) 08:49, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
* I've looked at the edit history, and it looks as if the material relating to the apparent use of non peer-reviewed data is a clear case of undue weight. A neutral source suggesting that this might be a noteworthy problem for the report would be required, at least. What we appear to have is some decidedly non-neutral criticism coupled with an admission that the sourcing could have been better. I long for the day when Wikipedia subscribes to the standards of the IPCC. --FormerIP (talk) 01:34, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
* The place where this is really important is wrt the WPII reportEli Rabett (talk) 02:45, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
* From what I've gathered around here (talk page, edit history, some outside reading), this particular tempest focuses on a relatively minor error in one IPCC report...this article is about the entire IPCC, its goals, methods and impact. Therefore, the scale of this issue in proportion to the scope of this topic doesn't justify much, if any, coverage in this article. Given that there is a Criticism of the IPCC AR4 article, anything more than a brief allusion to said error (and its associated controversy)seems hardly necessary. Anything fleshed out in the 'criticisms' section of this article should focus on issues of broader relevance (e.g., systemic concerns on the evaluation process). — Scientizzle 19:56, 28 January 2010 (UTC)
* The Himalayan glaciers are the water sources for a huge chunk of Asia. In addition, Pachauri is being told to resign in major newspaper editorials. If the subject is a resignation issue for the leadership, it probably merits some discussion in the page about the body. Slowjoe17 (talk) 08:01, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
Section for comments from involved editors
* Include - The IPCC is not immune from controversy or criticism. The sources provided are clearly reliable for this material. --GoRight (talk) 02:38, 28 December 2009 (UTC) Disclosure: I am not sure what "field of articles" refers to but in this case I am suitably independent of this article and it's talk page. My only contributions to this page were to place a on the claim that the IPCC is a scientific organization, to correct a broken reference, and to add a link to the see also section. I have now become an active participant.
* Too new / minor - on including some mention: this is a minor point in the WGII report, not in the more-known WGI report. It is also too new - wait a month, the view amongst WP:RS about this may settle. On including the text proposed : it clearly violates WP:UNDUE and fails to understand the issue William M. Connolley (talk) 09:58, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* It's an extreme case of WP:UNDUE and WP:COATRACK. The cause is one error in the WG2 report. The effect is (nearly) as long as the whole section on the AR4 so far. Moreover, it mixes criticism of process with criticism of results, and significant parts of the later seem to be unsourced. And on the Meta-level: The RfC is horribly spun. You are supposed to at least try to make it look neutral. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 22:47, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
* Google glacial melt 2035 and see how many hits you get. Look above for the rest of my arguments mark nutley (talk) 23:03, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
* You are hardly uninvolved with this article Stephen. Oh, and TS, why'd you remove the list of those for/against? Was it because the talk pages show a clear case for inclusion? You also removed my editting to make my post look ugly. TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:07, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
* Additionally, you are quoting WP:COATRACK which is NOT wikipedia policy, and indeed, the talk pages show the vast majority of involved wikipedians voted AGAINST making it policy due to, among other things, its potential abuse for keeping relevent info out of articles. TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:17, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
* As for "spin" I can only present the counterarguments that your side has made - like your quoting of non-policy. It isn't my fault that it looks bad. TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:19, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
* We don't use votes for this kind of thing (hence I guess people are commenting not voting) we use arguments here WP:UNDUE is a heavy argument against including this, given how much coverage IPCC gets and how little this one has got. OTOH is is hardly something to get worked up about. --BozMo talk 19:57, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* And again, not only has this gotten a lot of coverage, but an expert on the subject, as quoted and sourced in the inclusion, has said that the IPCC has caused "major confusion" - if it is "major" then it certainly isn't undue. TheGoodLocust (talk) 20:06, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Expert meaning the red link above? Do we know anything about him? --BozMo talk 20:35, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Note after refocusing discussion: the red link above refers to Michael Zemp. - 2/0 (cont.) 20:33, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
* He works for the World Glacier Monitoring service and is a doctor - here is a list of his publications. He is certainly far better qualified to determine how important this is than any of us. TheGoodLocust (talk) 20:59, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* This mistake was still being cited by the ipcc on on third of november.
* (Jean-Pascal van Ypersele IPCC Vice-chair, said at UNFCCC, Barcelona, on 3 November, 2009):
* ImpactsGlacial retreat in the Himalaya
* receding and thinning of Himalayan glaciers can be attributed primarily to the global warming; in addition, high population density near these glaciers and consequent deforestation and land-use changeshave adversely affected these glaciers
* the total glacial area will likely shrink from the present 500,000 to 100,000 km2(or disappear entirely) by the year 2035
* Bearing in mind if the himalayan glaciers melt to 100k`s2 then it actually no loss at all is that is their current estimated size :) So it`s impact is still ongoing, google glacial melt and you would think that this was an accurate date.mark nutley (talk) 20:13, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Mark, Please assume that some of us are actually trying to understand you in good faith and don't use all these shorthands. --BozMo talk 20:18, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry bozmo, what do you mean by shorthands? mark nutley (talk) 20:23, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* The last couple of paras here is written assuming the reader is deep in conversation with you and knows what you are talking about. What in this last couple of paragraphs is the quote and how does it fit with the point you are making (which is that some IPCC data used was not peer reviewed prior to use, I think)? Whose figures are which etc. What's the significance of the date you would think was accurate by googling glacial melt etc. All this is on the road to proving sufficient weight for inclusion I take it?--BozMo talk 20:33, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Ya sorry about that, the last part is a copy and paste. the google search is to show just how far this mistake has reached. mark nutley (talk) 22:21, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
In response to William M. Connolley @ 09:58, 1 January 2010, once again i see the words "minor point", you fail to address the fact that this 2035 date was widely published and reported as fact by both the IPCC and the MSM. This failure of the IPCC to follow their own guidlines in no using non-peer reviewed literature has lead to a massive belief that 2035 is correct and not 2350. I also fail to see how balance can be achieved in this article if a section "Praise for the IPCC" can be viewed as ok and not be WP:UNDUE but a proposed section to point out major mistakes is called WP:UNDUE ? Sorry makes no sense. I would also like to point out from one of the conversations which has been collapsed, User:Stephan Schulz cites WP:COATRACK as a reason against inclusion, this is not actually WP policy at this moment in time. --mark nutley (talk) 10:36, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* That glaciers are melting is major. That Himalayan glaciers would melt by a given date isn't. The idea that all Himalayan glaciers would melt by 2035 is ludicrous. I agree that date is in the PDF you've linked above; I disagree that anyone took it seriously (though that is hard to pin down; (twice)) William M. Connolley (talk) 10:51, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* Sorry william i strongly disagree with your statement I disagree that anyone took it seriously
* Jean-Pascal van Ypersele IPCC Vice-chair took it seriously.
* The Telegraph took it seriously.
* The hindustan times reported on the indian government releasing a statement to help quell panic.
I can get plenty more examples from reliable sources which show that it was most certainly taken seriously. --mark nutley (talk) 11:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* I think we all know you disagree. But you need better sources. Your Telegraph link sources the statement to "Indian climate experts", not IPCC. The third example is very weak too William M. Connolley (talk) 11:36, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
* Fair enough, how about
* CNN
* The Guardianon 9 Nov 2009 (good one this as Pachauri slaps down india's environment minister and says, "his report is not Peer Reviewed", bit of a cheek that really :). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Marknutley (talk • contribs) 11:53, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
Grossly biased
This RFC is so grossly biased that it will inevitably accomplish nothing. The first argument "WP:UNDUE Specifically is stated to apply to viewpoints - the proposed section contains facts." is so amusingly incorrect that it makes the cases against the authors viewpoint quite effectively. This discussion should be at the AR4 page - as TS has said. The text is clearly UNDUE; it is inaccurate (it speaks of the report instead of one of several); I don't believe the 3 sources stuff; etc etc William M. Connolley (talk) 21:04, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Everyone is well aware of your bias Connolley. If there are any facts that need correcting then you are free to point them out. Anyway, you are welcome not to "believe" anything you like, but the sources we have say otherwise. TheGoodLocust (talk) 21:13, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Just my 2c: The error isn't a mere typo, it's a gross error on a topic that's used as one of the main examples of climate change in the media. If it was a mere typo, I'd agree, it'd just be nitpicking. But there is more going on here, it's a mistake that's the result of sloppy work done by the IPCC and it also happens to have been reproduced frequently in the media; both the number being used incorrectly (as is mentioned above) as well as by media pointing out the mistake. The FIRST hit I get on google is a big player, CNN: "The glaciers in the Himalayas are receding quicker than those in other parts of the world and could disappear altogether by 2035 according to the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report." and another editor mentioned a BBC article that pointed out the error, so it's not just obscure climate change bloggers writing about these things. So yeah, this perhaps little mistake has had considerable consequence and has been picked up by the big players in the media, so it's well worth including. Considering the article even has a praise section for the IPCC, I think it's not throwing the article off from a NPOV either.BabyNuke (talk) 21:29, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* You are aware that all that this shows is confirmation bias - right? If you look for something that you know is there, then when you find it, it shouldn't come as a surprise.... Yes, it is an error - No, it isn't important in this context. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 23:22, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Removed per undue wt. and full of errors. Should be in AR4 if anywhere. Vsmith (talk) 22:05, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* If there are errors then list them and source them. The undue weight complaints are completely without merit. Also, the cry to put some information into satellite articles, where less people are likely to see the information and even fewer people are likely to discuss it seems like a tactic to keep it out of the encyclopedia. TheGoodLocust (talk) 22:18, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Saying it should be in the ar4 article is pointless as those who oppose it here also oppose it`s inclusion there mark nutley (talk) 22:23, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Lets take it again this is: one error in one paragraph in chapter 10 (of 20) section 6 subsection 2 in the WGII report which is 1 of 3 main reports in the AR4 (which is the 4th report) from the IPCC - the proposed text presented above is larger than the paragraph with the error. => Grossly undue weight. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 23:25, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Completely irrelevant. The weight comes not from the number of words in the paragraph but in where the paragraph resides and the significance that it carries. The mere fact that it is an error in the IPCC report gives it far more than enough weight for inclusion. --GoRight (talk) 03:13, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Refuting errors often takes more work than simply making them - in the same way that deletion/destruction is easier than the creative impulse (the difference between destroying books and writing them). Also, the section explains the impact as well - and there are many areas on wikipedia that expand. Additionally, their error has been cited so many times in the mainstream media which increases its "size." TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:53, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* Indeed, and those warring to include can't even take time to correct obvious errors in the proposed text. Vsmith (talk) 23:42, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* I've already asked you to tell me what the errors are and to source them - be specific. You can't just say there are errors without explaining yourself. TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:51, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
I'm by no means convinced that we yet have consensus or policy reasons sufficient for giving this proposed addition the kind of prominence it gets here. I have reverted pending a justification for the amount of weight, and the presentation. What happened to the idea of seeing if it can go into AR4? --TS 23:54, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* They won`t have it there either. @Kim, it does not matter if it is one small part of the main report. They used non peer reviewed papers and made statements based on them. Sorry but if a group like the IPCC make statements like "all glaciers will be gone in 2035" in will cause widespread alarm. This should be in here, they messed up and you guys seem to want to hide it mark nutley (talk) 23:59, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
* This article gets more traffic, and therefore more outside opinions (as shown by the number of people who keep restoring the section). Anyway, we don't need policy to keep it in, we need policy to keep it out - and a reliable source has stated that the IPCC has caused "major confusion" - obviously it can't be undue if an outside expert thinks it is important (plus the other reasons against the UNDUE charge). TheGoodLocust (talk) 00:01, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Oh no, you're wrong there. We do need to establish whether there is consensus and policy support. I don't think the case has been adequately made yet. Edit warring to get it in won't work unless we establish consensus. --TS 00:04, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* From a dictionary
* con⋅sen⋅sus [kuhn-sen-suhs]
* 1. majority of opinion: The consensus of the group was that they should meet twice a month.
* 2. general agreement or concord; harmony.
* Currently the majority want this in, therefore a consensus has been reached. mark nutley (talk) 00:15, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* The policy support is trivial. Please review WP:V and WP:RS. --GoRight (talk) 03:20, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* We probably don't have consensus, else you wouldn't be having such a devil of a time getting it to stay. Vsmith, I, Kim, William, and Stephan have removed it. Some of those inserting it are scibaby socks (certainly Jong-C having now been permanently blocked as a scibaby sock). So it doesn't look like consensus at all. --TS 00:21, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* And yet there are still more just on this talk page who want inclusion - and even more, obviously not socks, who've restored the text, but not gotten involved in the talk page. TheGoodLocust (talk) 01:05, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Who? I see Nutley, Bluefield and Goodlocust doing the reverts. All voted above. Please name the (non-sock) others and be very careful with such claims. There is such a thing as reputation. --BozMo talk 08:47, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* I guess you missed GoRight, VegasProf's edits - also, Cadea and BabyNuke, said they want this included. TheGoodLocust (talk) 02:50, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
* The main case against inclusion of the error has been assertion of UNDUE. The main proof presented that the error is UNDUE is that the amount of text it takes up in AR4 is relatively small! This is not a logical argument for exclusion. There are multiple reasons highlighted on this talk page why the error is important, none of which have had reasonable counter arguments presented. A majority of the editors want it in. Those opposed have used a set of technical tools to thwart its inclusion - and it's getting rather tiresome. Cadae (talk) 03:07, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
Oh I do think errata that have been published and criticised by acknowledged experts should probably be included in relevant articles. The problem I have here is that those people editing the article on IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)--the report which contains these apparent errata--don't yet seem to have reached consensus to mention it at all there, and we have no consensus to do so here. I'd like to see editors make an honest case to include a description of their errata and their significance in the AR4 article, rather than this tiresome edit warring.
Another problem I have here is that the question of the significance of the errata doesn't seem to be treat seriously. Do these items mean global warming isn't happening? Obviously not, because the report in question is by Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability). Perhaps the errata mean that we don't have to worry about the Himalayan glaciers melting in our lifetime, or perhaps they mean something different. We need to approach this correctly or it just looks like we're saying "this paragraph on page X is wrong" and the next question is "so what?" We need to make sure the answer is clearly given from reliable sources.
But as I have said, I think the correct place, in the first instance, is the talk page of the AR4 article. That's where one might at least find people have more than a cursory acquaintance with the material.
Now I won't edit war on this because if we continued along that path we could easily end up making the atmosphere here very bad. Please respect this. Let's discuss the possibility of adding the item to AR4, at the relevant talk page. --TS 03:55, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* My take on this is similar to Tony Sidaway's. If the appropriate way to describe this error (in whatever level of detail) has not been established at our article on the report which contains it, it seems a bit excessive to include a detailed description in this much broader, higher-level article. Specific errata (particularly if they represent very small portions of the report in question) don't warrant extensive, detailed description in this overview.
* The bulk of the criticisms included in this article seem to focus on more general, structural concerns (plus the ever-popular and very high-profile hockey stick controversy). The glacier error doesn't appear to be anywhere near that high in profile, and certainly shouldn't make up a large part of an article on the IPCC as a whole. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 22:11, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Meh. This bit is a clear example of a breach in the much ballyhooed IPCC process. As such it is appropriate to list it here rather than bury it in the report. The weight of the issue comes from this fact alone. It derives it's weight from the weight of the IPCC process and the importance and the claims thereof. --GoRight (talk) 22:53, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Exactly, the IPCC and its proponents have always loudly shouted that they use peer-reviewed literature to make their assessments - this has now been categorically shown to be false. TheGoodLocust (talk) 02:53, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
Shall we produce a tally from the opinions above to make an orderly assessment of the state of consensus? Or will that be viewed as pointy and controversial? --GoRight (talk) 22:59, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Thing is we don't decide things by vote. Anyway, didn't you do that further up the page, but not including ones who made a change either way with edit comments? If you do a list please exclude socks, include article editors and mark me down clearly as "unable to generate a flicker of interest from anywhere deep within my soul on this issue". And if you get anything other than "no consensus" stand in the corner until you can recount straight. :-) --BozMo talk 23:17, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
* Why included article editors? The initial criticism was that the source wasn't good enough, but that criticism no longer applies. Also, some people appeared to just be reverting the edits of the sock. If someone wants to put their name on the list then they are welcome to do it, but we shouldn't count article editors who are unwilling to state and defend their reasons for reversion and who may have changed their mind.TheGoodLocust (talk) 02:57, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
Progress of this RFC
In over 8 days the RFC has gathered four comments from editors previously uninvolved. They appear to me to be unanimous in rejecting the case for inclusion of the section on errors in the IPCC AR4 report in this article, though one or two suggest thatit might be appropriate for the article on the report itself. Accordingly I assess consensus to be against inclusion at this stage. Discussion should continue, but I am removing the section for now. I encourage those wishing to see encyclopedic coverage of these errors to gain consensus for coverage in that other article, which is called IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. --TS 10:15, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
2035/2350?
I have noticed that both this article and Criticism of the IPCC AR4 have subject headings saying that the date used is 2035 and that it should be 2350. This makes the whole incident seem like a typo. Do we have a source for this claim? The only supposed cite for 2350 in Criticism of the IPCC AR4 is this, which doesn't mention the date 2350. None of the sources I have seen mention this date. Does anyone object to removing the 2350 date from the subject headings or can we get a reasonable source for it? Oren0 (talk) 19:17, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* It was not a typo. [Interview with Dr Lal] As i point out above even the wwf has admited the 2035 date came from an interview in new scientist, which they have admitted to in fact in the updated report linked from the crit of ar4 article. WMC seems to be having trouble grasping this concept though. --mark nutley (talk) 19:29, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Sigh. I've patiently explained to MN the truth above. You can read it for yourself, too. As for 2350: how did you miss: The degradation of the extrapolar glaciation of the Earth will be apparent in rising ocean level already by the year 2050, and there will be a drastic rise of the ocean thereafter caused by the deglaciation-derived runoff (see Table 11 ). This period will last from 200 to 300 years. The extrapolar glaciation of the Earth will be decaying at rapid, catastrophic rates—its total area will shrink from 500,000 to 100,000 km² by the year 2350. Glaciers will survive only in the mountains of inner Alaska, on some Arctic archipelagos, within Patagonian ice sheets, in the Karakoram Mountains, in the Himalayas, in some regions of Tibet and on the highest mountain peaks in the temperature latitudes [p 66] which is a direct quote from the ICSI report? William M. Connolley (talk) 19:32, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* This is original research/synthesis. Who is to say that this is the date they meant? Do you have a reliable source that says they merely substituted one date for another? This isn't the way I've seen the story reported in sources. Oren0 (talk) 19:35, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* There are a lot of people getting this badly wrong. That doesn't mean we should copy them. This really isn't that hard if you pay close attention. the WWF report says "In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: “glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood [sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high”. [p. 38]". That is a direct statement from the source itself that they got the date 2035 from ICSI. Yes? William M. Connolley (talk) 19:48, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Is there any reliable source that, by your definition, is "getting it right"? You can't say "all of the sources are wrong therefore I'll make up my own interpretation." The IPCC cited the WWF source. To claim that they really meant to cite the ICSI or that they checked that source and made a mistake is unfounded speculation. All the sources say is that the IPCC cited an erroneous figure in a non-peer-reviewed source. To pick a primary source that the IPCC didn't even cite and to use that to justify a claim about what the IPCC authors may or may not have read or meant is synthesis without a source making that connection, which I still haven't seen. Oren0 (talk) 06:22, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
* Syed Hasnain, the guy who's the source of the 2035 claims, publicly admitted they were unsubstantiated. Now Connolley is trying to make it all look like a typo. This just keeps getting funnier.
* interesting read, ICSI says 2350 whilst WWF and their sources say 2035. its just about where you put the zero in. i took the link in first AR4 chapter discussion pointing out that the IPCC was unable to update their web sites (inlcuding this up to my current writing). there i found that interesting quote:
* The 30.2 km long Gangotri glacier has been receding alarmingly in recent years (Figure 10.6). Between 1842 and 1935, the glacier was receding at an average of 7.3 m every year; the average rate of recession between 1985 and 2001 is about 23 m per year (Hasnain, 2002).
* using just the last rate given with 23 m/year a glacier of 30.2 km length will have vanished in about 1313 years. thats enough time for a warming period and a little ice age together or even more of them. but wait, other mini(!) glaciers are only 4 km long - so if the suffer the same shrinkage rate (but i doubt that is good science to do so) they will vanish in nearly 174 years. added to the publication date will make the first glacier vanish in the year 2176, provided that the decrease rates are roughly constant for that already long period. truely critical peer review pays out. dont ask me how they did it at the IPCC with their helpers out ther in the world. --Alexander.stohr (talk) 23:17, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Nasa took a different quote - vanishing of glaciers at about 2030. found in an article underneath an image illustration for the Gangotri glacier. interesting how science and journalism can be done by hear-say with an ever changing (closer) final date. but the WP article about that glacier tells of a decreased shrinking speed in 1996 to 1999. for what i would call sad - i have not seen any measurement data for the time in between 2000 and 2010. maybe the glacier was growing for the first time in about 250 years? --Alexander.stohr (talk) 00:03, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
Note that I have posted about this at the No original research noticeboard. Oren0 (talk) 06:51, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
* We really should be allowed to use blogs, those guys put the msm to shame :) More WWF ShenanigansThe WWF are all over AR4, how the IPCC can have used them so much is beyond me :) Waiting for this one the hit the papers in a few days :) --mark nutley (talk) 12:58, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
* The problem I have is that Connolley's interpretation of events runs completely counter to what the sources are saying, which is that the date came from an interview in 99. Or even, as the Daily Mail reports, "the 2035 melting date seems to have been plucked from thin air." It's OK to say that these sources are wrong provided you have a better source, the problem is the current 2350 thing isn't sourced to any reliable secondary sources. Oren0 (talk) 06:18, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
* WMC is very wrong on this one. Page twelve of the wwf report, The New Scientist magazine carried the article “Flooded Out – Retreating glaciers spell disaster for valley communities” in their 5 June 1999 issue. It quoted Professor Syed Hasnain, then Chairman of the International Commission for Snow and Ice’s (ICSI) Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology, who said most of the glaciers in the Himalayan region “will vanish within 40 years as a result of global warming The source for this quote is in the report itself, The only link to the ICSI is the fact that Hasnain was working there at the time he gave the interview. This is something WMC appears to have overlooked. --mark nutley (talk) 09:01, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
* We really should be allowed to use blogs - sounds good to me. I recommend http://scienceblogs.com/stoat/2010/01/ipcc_use_of_non-peer_reviewed.php William M. Connolley (talk) 21:04, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
i want to add this image to the 2001 report section
for me it looks like there are relatively few images helping the reader to get a picture of the activities and result the IPCC does deploy. the image below seems to add up nicely with the already existing text and thus supports the purpose of easing the access to information contained in the paragraph. i think it further makes clear where the IPCC published predictions do significantly differ from what a simple statistical analysis of world climate would produce from climate date humans recorded out in the wild. i ask for your support for this addition. (2010 - the year i started asking for other peoples support before editing something in wikipedia.)) --Alexander.stohr (talk) 15:26, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* Does this have any reliable source? As far as I can tell it's statistical nonsense. Obtaining a 42 year "period of oscillation" from 120 years of measurement? --Stephan Schulz (talk) 15:36, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* Oscillation is everything for cliatology, see this article on US-Today. If you doubt that 42 years cycle, you might want to apply the mathematical method of fourier analysis to the publically available original data. Having some 120 dots should allow you to extract aplitude, frequency and phase value of the included frequencys up to some few percents precision. You might be even in state of add 10 more years of measurement to that. (BTW wikipedia explicitely allows you to mathematically process data, e.g. for calcuating the age or birth date of a person from public data, but that rule is not limited to that.) --Alexander.stohr (talk) 16:51, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* WIkipedia allows "routine calculations". A Fourier analysis hardly is routine. Moreover, the choice of a linear increase with cyclic variation as the underlying model is pure original research. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 16:57, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* It looks like pure WP:OR to me. The sources cited on the image page include only other WP images, and so on up the chain. There are no error bars and no source for the numeric data, let alone whatever smoothing functions may have been added to the numeric series, least of all for the fourier analysis or its extrapolation into the coming decades. Total fantasy, from what I can see. It must be a very attractive fantasy for anyone who just bought a new coal-fired power station, or Hummer, though! --Nigelj (talk) 20:26, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* Whats wrong? Any sort of trend analysis (advanced math: FFT, standard math: mean value & slope & average deviation & max deviation calculation; you will find the wikipedia articles on that on your own, i am sure) is routine for making such data more meaningful for the human eye. Those toolset is in fact not a part of a 16 button pocket calculator, but it is e.g. for MathLab, Mathematica, free Octave and a bunch of other programs that are the standard programs for preparing and visualizing such data. In most computer languages bind the matching library (like GNU scientific math library) and call one function for getting the values. Its routine for that sort for data. BTW, your human ear pair all the time does this - convert a signal into its frequency (by a few hundreds of selectively tuned cells) and phase (by probing the form of the incoming edges) components. It even can do acoustic localisation with that. And be assured I truly did not built that curves in any way my selves. The only thing I "added" was taking the frequency out of the diagram with sort of a ruler and writing it down in numbers to that legend object. You can do that as well - nothing complex because that data is already there. Just load it in an SVG viewer and check the temperatures periodicity. And even if it would not be periodic, the max deviations around the averaging linear approximation would make the very same long term perspective - for the pure climate data so that the IPCC specific prognosis (based upon their theoretical models) is as outstanding different as it is with any other standard prediction method. By the way, the mathematical determined increase trend is some 0,7-0,8°C/100 years. Read this for a comparison: But the warming trend in 1909-2008 (the fastest “modern” 100-year trend) was +0.87 °C per century. (source article) The value in the diagram is probably a little bit lower since the additional few years are a "high" and thus damper the slope. A very clear diagram for the missing years from 2000 compared with the IPCC data can be found here in this article. The data is out there. And if you even don't trust that - print it out in A4 and then take a ruler for determining your own linear approximation, even if chances arent that high that you will get to something that different. Its all just about to create a diagram out of it that combines it in an evident way to show whats needed. --Alexander.stohr (talk) 21:21, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* Ah, it's sourced to two private blogs, is it? A person with a ruler can disprove all the combined decades of work by thousands of climate scientists? And get it published for the world to see on Wikipedia? It's amazing what people can do these days. I'm amazed that none of those scientists saw it coming - if only some of them had paid attention in fourier analysis lectures when they were younger. --Nigelj (talk) 22:08, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* I believe the graph was made by Akasofu as a critique stripping down the discussion to the bare essentials. I do think this method and graph merit further discussion. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:30, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
* Sorry, but not acceptable for many reasons. It's either OR (and bad OR at that) or traceable to a non RS. I wouldn't mind seeing a graph of IPCC projections versus actual observations, but IPCC projections versus some guy's naive and uninformed alternative projections has no place here. SPhilbrick T 23:43, 8 February 2010 (UTC)
New criticism - from Indian government
India says it may pull out of the IPCC and will form its own organization to study the climate:
"There is a fine line between climate science and climate evangelism. I am for climate science. I think people misused [the] IPCC report ... [the] IPCC doesn't do the original research which is one of the weaknesses ... they just take published literature and then they derive assessments, so we had goof-ups on Amazon forest, glaciers, snow peaks.
"I respect the IPCC but India is a very large country and cannot depend only on [the] IPCC and so we have launched the Indian Network on Comprehensive Climate Change Assessment (INCCA)," he said."
-Jairam Ramesh, India's environment minister
Cheers. TheGoodLocust (talk) 20:39, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
* Interesting, but the bit about pulling out looks like tory newsspin. Jairam Ramesh was complaining about those westerners in the IPCC back in November, so now he wants to set up research in India, while correctly noting that the IPCC doesn't do its own research (but cites peer reviewed publications or currently grey material subject to procedures), and saying he respects the IPCC. Wonder if he'll invite the eminent Indian scientist Syed Hasnain to join the team. . . dave souza, talk 22:49, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
* I was actually being a bit kind too, the yahoo news article contains far more biting criticism. TheGoodLocust (talk) 22:51, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
* Read it, he's still going on about November's discussion paper. Maybe the new body will produce useful peer reviewed publications instead of inadequate talking points that jump from describing a few glaciers to making unexplained claims about global warming. Not that it was wrong, but it was inadequate to shift the scientific consensus which remains right – its unstated target was the famous paragraph which didn't reflect the science but was a bodged repeat of an Indian news report. Somehow I suspect there will be a big crackdown on using any grey material, and about time too. . . . dave souza, talk 23:00, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
* Well, he is obviously right about the activism/science being mixed (e.g. Hansen) - is this mentioned somewhere in the article? TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:02, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
* An interesting development. I would say, at a minimum, the bare facts need to be included, such as: "The mistake made by the IPCC, and the way in which the IPCC initially handled the mistake has led India to establish its own body to monitor the effects of global warming because it “cannot rely” on the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group headed by its own Nobel Prize-winning scientist Dr R K Pachauri.Sirwells (talk) 02:39, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
How remarkable. The Daily Getsalaugh, living up to its nickname, has suddenly changed its article title, and noted that Ramesh said that the Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment is not a rival to the IPCC. See. For all Ramesh's politicking about the glacier issue, the network had already been announced as part of the implementation of the Copenhagen Agreement. So, the bare facts are that Ramesh made some complaints about the IPCC when giving out further details of the previously announced Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment. . dave souza, talk 10:15, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
* Well, I believe it was in November, before Copenhagen, that Pachauri called the Indian's work on glaciers "voodoo science." TheGoodLocust (talk) 18:54, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
The Indian PM seems to disagree with his minister: India has full confidence in the IPCC process and its leadership and will support it in every way. RKP didn't call India's work on glaciers voodoo: he called a particularly bad report they wrote voodoo (haven't we done this before? is your ref William M. Connolley (talk) 20:35, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
* Voodoo? Ah said Voodoo? Ah said who do you think you're foolin? TGL has it roughly right, as far as I've found it was back in November that P was harsh about the review paper by the retired Vijay Kumar Raina. Apparently P called it "voodoo science" and had to retract that . Lonnie Thompson said "First and foremost this is not a peer reviewed report and nothing scientific can be claimed based on 25 glaciers out of over 15,000 glaciers in the Himalayas.... if Jairam Ramesh can write up these results showing just how he came to his conclusion for a quality peer reviewed journal then he should do so. Otherwise the report certainly does not challenge the conventional wisdom." See Talk:Rajendra K. Pachauri for a bit more on it, WMC's blog gives links to the main sources. . dave souza, talk 21:27, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
* Well, considering the IPCC had 5 "glaring" errors, as pointed out by the IPCC author of the section, about glaciers (you can ask Connolley why he removed that info), I think it is fair to say that the Indian report's "voodoo science" may be a bit more scientific :). TheGoodLocust (talk) 22:07, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
Africagate!
Uh oh Scooby looks like the IPCC's claims about a 50% reduction in rainfall in Africa are unsupported. I'm still waiting for that IPCC error that isn't alarmist. TheGoodLocust (talk) 05:57, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Oh my. Without any opinion on the Times article, how does "In some countries of Africa, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by 50% by 2020" get morphed into "50% reduction in rainfall in Africa"? --Stephan Schulz (talk) 07:49, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Too bad the IPCC wasn't so nitpicky - then they might not have had so many grossly incompetent errors in their reports. :) TheGoodLocust (talk) 07:53, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* In this particular case, the grossly incompetent act was yours, in completely mangling the given source. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 09:15, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Why thank you Stephan, since you seem to think my minor omission is so very notable I guess we can skip the usual dance where ya'll claim this isn't notable and just include it! :) After all, when I make a small error I get lambasted, but when the IPCC makes errors like this they are scaring entire countries and costing billions of dollars. TheGoodLocust (talk) 10:46, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* One (Murdoch owned) source? Please remember why WP:NOTNEWS. . . dave souza, talk 12:28, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Yes Dave, you've made it clear how you feel about "tories" (is that the plural form?), but honestly, it doesn't really matter what you think of who owns certain news outlets. Anyway, this is a developing story, and remember they also put this in their synthesis report and has been used as a PR tool by Ban Ki Moon and Pachauri (I think Gore too). 9another source). This little "mistake" of the IPCC's is likely why African nations were demanding 100 billion bucks in Copenhagen. [[User:Thegoodlocust|TheGoodLocust] (talk) 19:43, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* I`ve not looked at the times yet but the full story by Dr North is on his blog [ — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by Marknutley (talk • contribs) 10:09, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Please sign your posts, Mark. Ah, so the Euroskeptics are on the trail, but not a RS. The Times story is making more hoopla out of WGII reports not being peer reviewed, when that still complies with the rules. Undoubtedly the rules will be tightened, this issue is something to clarify in the criticism article. . . dave souza, talk 12:26, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Actually they probably did break their rules. A history lesson for you Dave, when we were trying to include the glaciergate information and all the sources said they broke the rules - your "side" said they didn't and pointed to a small section of the rules that allowed grey literature. The problem is that the IPCC later said they DID break their own rules and I'll tell you why - grey literature is discouraged and should only be used in certain circumstances, but they did not follow those standards. TheGoodLocust (talk) 19:45, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Please learn to be more sceptical, especially about FoxNews and Co., and read more carefully. Using non peer-reviewed material isn't against the current rules, though that may change. As the criticism article has shown for some time now, there are procedures which were not followed properly, leading to an unacceptable lapse in standards. Probably not the only instance in WGII, expect IndiaGate next, but because something wasn't peer reviewed doesn't automatically mean it was against the rules. . . dave souza, talk 20:12, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* I'm a very skeptical person. I used to sort-of buy into that "Fox is evil" nonsense but when I actually looked into it I found it to be largely without merit. Every single time I've looked at a "Media Matters" interpretation of them I've found it to be extremely dishonest and, in fact, I've seen far more dishonest crap from places like MSNBC. Anyway, as I said, there are specific rules for using grey literature, which the IPCC did not follow - those are the rules they broke. TheGoodLocust (talk) 20:27, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
Ah, you don't seem to have noticed what jumped out at me from what you call "Uh oh Scooby" above – the article says "The paper was not peer-reviewed", but doesn't touch on the real issue, that non-peer reviewed papers can be used on the basis that "Authors who wish to include information from a non-published/non-peer-reviewed source are requested to: a. Critically assess any source that they wish to include......" etc. All under "1. Responsibilities of Coordinating, Lead and Contributing Authors." Rather wishy-washy phrasing, in my opinion, that should be toughened up considerably. The Sunday Times is attacking with overstated headlines at the same time as missing the target. Of course with all newspapers you have to read the detail, and be very sceptical about the headline which in many cases isn't written by the journalist. . dave souza, talk 23:09, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Of course their rules should be tightened up, but the problem is that the IPCC authors are volunteers - and that will inevitably attract activists with all the biases that one can expect from such people. Rules are irrelevant when nobody is willing to follow or enforce them. TheGoodLocust (talk) 23:49, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
* Not an accurate diagnosis. . . dave souza, talk 09:25, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
Article still claims AR4 is based on peer-reviewed literature
"Scope and preparation of the reports The IPCC reports are a compendium of peer reviewed and published science"
I think the IPCC has admitted that this statement is not true. That is, "published science" is not the only kind of published information repeated in the report. —Preceding unsigned comment added by DaveCrane (talk • contribs) 19:25, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
* There's an ambiguity about the phrase, which may come from their mandate but the link gives a 404 Not Found. It's based on published science in a broad sense, and the WGI hard science section is very much based on peer reviewed publications, but the effects section from WGII makes great use of "grey" material which isn't peer reviewed, and we should show that. dave souza, talk 19:34, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
* We've discussed this before. The sentence above is deliberately ambiguous (is the ref not found? It was there when we last argued this amonth or so back). The reports are indeed based on research that is peer-reviewed, and research that is published. the WWF report, of the "2035" fame, was published. It may even have been peer-reviewed. But it wasn't a journal pub William M. Connolley (talk) 20:00, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
Need link to Expert Review Comments
The mention of "Expert Review Comments on First-Order Draft (16 November 2005) IPCC Working Group I Fourth Assessment Report" is in dire need of a link to those published comments, preferably for all Working Groups. And preferably a link to an easily searchable text rather than the messy method used at Harvard.DaveCrane (talk) 19:52, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
* Why is this link needed? William M. Connolley (talk) 20:02, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
Rv: why
I took out the letter to Nature. Its too new (as usual), it isn't clearly notable, and it is (maybe) in the wrong article William M. Connolley (talk) 09:09, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Right article, well sourced, pertains to this article, too new is not a policy. I restored it for those reasons. --mark nutley (talk) 09:17, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* I have to agree with Mark. This is the right article and it is clearly notable. RonCram (talk) 13:36, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Agree with the inclusion of the material. I read about it this morning on the front page of the Japan Times in an article by AFP-Jiji. Cla68 (talk) 23:26, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Just because you read about it in the news doesn't mean it has real long-term importance for the topic; see WP:RECENTISM. These scientists are just five out of thousands who worked with the IPCC, and out of millions who have an opinion on it. There is no reason why their opinion on it deserves so much weight in the article. — DroEsperanto (talk) 01:04, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* WP:RECENTISM is an essay. Also, it doesn't preclude something just because it's recent. Many sources have picked up on this: just to name a few. Certainly more notable than, for example, the puffery above it regarding "praise for the IPCC". It's clearly covered enough to be covered on WP, and there is no better place to put it than here (though it should be under the criticism section). Oren0 (talk) 03:44, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* These five are not the management of the IPCC. This is an isolated suggestion in a letter to the editor. It's not only recentism but it's the extreme WP:N non-notability that discounts it from this overview article of the organisation and its history. When a body with any authority starts publishing plans for altering the organisation's set-up, that'll be something to report. This is just noise, chatter and personal opinion. Putting it in would give huge undue WP:WEIGHT to the personal opinions of these five individuals. --Nigelj (talk) 14:22, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* WEIGHT leads to a foreign language wp? However given these five are main contributers to the IPCC means their word carrys a lot of weight, plus it is well covered and is wp:notable mark nutley (talk) 14:40, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* Does anyone have a copy of the article, that they can send me? I'm rather wondering if Hans von Storch really was an author (lead or otherwise) to the AR4.. (goes for one other as well). Does the Nature source state this? --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 16:55, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
Rv: why
The Booker book is a polemic by a non-scientist and has no place here William M. Connolley (talk) 12:15, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* I've reverted the anon's edit as simple vandlaism William M. Connolley (talk) 15:49, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* It`s not vandalism though, please self revert. You are on a 1r restriction and so is this article mark nutley (talk) 15:53, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* You VIOLATED 1 revert rule (for this page) and you made offensive remarks agains me. Your bias is very transparent. Shame on you Mr Connolley! Please self revert.
* On the contrary, it most certainly is vandalism. Who is Mr Connolley? Perhaps you should address yourself to him William M. Connolley (talk) 16:01, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* I did not know you are a lord. I am sorry Sir Connoley! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:10, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Your probation says, obvious vandalism, someone disagreeing with you is not vandalism, you are breaking your parole and the 1r on this article. Self revert now or i will do it for you mark nutley (talk) 16:05, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* MN please explain first why the book needs to be mentioned about something that seems to me to be a summary of the hockey stick controversy article, because that article does not mention the book nor the author at all. To me it would make sense to only include it in here, if it takes a prominent place in the hockey stick article. The bit should not be in this article and so reverting WMC because you feel he violated his sanction seems to me just bureaucratic. Unless you feel it should be added, but then please explain first why. Also to <IP_ADDRESS> you only use the title mister when someone has no other title, including academic ones. WMC holds the title of Dr so if you want to use last name with title, use the correct one so it should be Dr Connolley <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:28, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Thinking it over, it's clear the Dr. Connolley has violated his probation and the 1RR restriction on this article; however, it's not at all clear that the book should be mentioned here, rather than only in the hockey stick article, so I'm not reinstating the edit. (Signed, Dr. Rubin). — Arthur Rubin (talk) 16:34, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Well if *you* really think so, OK. I've self-reverted back to the broken anon version. Since you self-reverted, you're now free to use *your* revert to restore the article to a sensible version. However, I repeat my assertion that this looks like simpla anon vandalism to me William M. Connolley (talk) 16:39, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Pertinent question: Are secondary reliable sources in agreement with the text as written? Ie. Is it the general view in RS's about the graph that Booker provides a good overview? --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 16:53, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* I have copy-edited the section, and in the process tried to place the book citation into a better context with regard to its global importance and notability. If more details about its coverage of the 'hockey stick controversy' are actually required, of course the right place would be in that section's {main} article, not here in the summary of that article. I hope this meets everyone's requirements. --Nigelj (talk) 17:02, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* My question goes more towards WP:WEIGHT. Is Booker generally considered an authority on this topic? Is he often mentioned by secondary reliable sources in connection with this topic? Has the book generally received good critique? Does any of the critique mention his coverage of the HS? In effect: Why are we citing Booker, and why the book? The copy-edit you made was good, but i'm still wondering...--Kim D. Petersen (talk) 17:30, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* No-one has a good word to say for Bookers book. Why have you left it in? William M. Connolley (talk) 17:37, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* I`d imagine those who read it have a good word or two about it. It is an excellent critique of the hockey stick, and as the hockey stick was the poster boy for the ipcc for a good long while then a few pointers to it`s critics is a good thing. mark nutley (talk) 17:41, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* You didn't answer my questions. I'm not interested in your opinion (which is irrelevant (just as mine)), i'm asking what secondary reliable sources say - which is the only thing that WP is interested in. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 17:47, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* It would be helpful if Misters (or Doctors) Connolley, Petersen and Schultz were little less partizan and accepted possibility that not everything in AGW theory is true. Also if they accepted possibility that people who see the issue of climate change differently are not always ignorant or malicious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:52, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* You may want to read WP:NPA. You may also want to consider that no one here is actually arguing for removal of the critique of the HS. We are contemplating a single source and its merit. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 18:37, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* @ kim the answers you seek are here mark nutley (talk) 17:57, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Actually Mark, that doesn't answer my questions. It reinforces them. None of the reviews regard Booker as an authority, and reviews are sporadic. --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 18:35, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
The Booker reference and the IPCC's Third Assessment Report
Booker's book deals at great length (one whole chapter, chapter 4, 'The Hottest Year Ever') and lists at the end 50 fully reputable sources specifically dealing with the Hockey Stick and its history/relationship with the IPCC's Third Assessment Report. If this is indeed an article on the IPCC and this is indeed a criticism section of which the Hockey stick is a major part then the reference seems not only fully justified but important. My wording seems fair and fully neutral, thus:
In his 2009 book The Real Global Warming Disaster, Christopher Booker gives a detailed account of how the graph came to prominently feature in the IPCC's Third Assessment Report.
If the problem is that Booker is not a scientist then this may have to be revisited, as the sources above are almost exclusively scientists and scientific journals. I would appreciate input from other editors regarding this question -- perhaps different wordings of the above? Jprw (talk) 18:25, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Why would you need to be a scientist to write about the hockey stick? It is a full critique of the hockey stick based on the 50 sources you mention above. Seems open and shut to me, your wording is fair and neutral and i agree this reference should stay in this article mark nutley (talk) 18:37, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Booker is neither a scientist nor even vaguely neutral - he is a far right wing columnist. Try reading our article on him. OR indeed, read the article on the book. lists at the end 50 fully reputable sources sounds very much like the arguments made for State of Fear - that it had references, so obviously must be scholarly. Having references means nothing - it is what you do with the references that matters. So, in partilcular, who says he "gives a detailed account" - him? You? William M. Connolley (talk) 19:19, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Sigh, once again you allow your pov to cloud your judgement. He is not far right, why would you link him to nazi`s? Perhaps you should redact it? Your statement is pointless, all it shows is your dislike of the man. mark nutley (talk) 19:24, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
Re: ''So, in partilcular, who says he "gives a detailed account" - him? You?''
We are talking about 30 pages containing 50 fully reputable scientific sources. Do you know of a more detailed account of how the graph came to be a major feature of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report? Does one exist? I also have to say that the speed at which you are willing to resort to ad hominem is a cause for concernJprw (talk) 06:54, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* I don't know - there's little to suggest that Booker should be taken at face value. If the reliability of his work has been questioned in the past, and he appears to have no specific expertise on the subject, why should we use his work? Are there third-part sources that attest to the reliability of this book? Guettarda (talk) 19:33, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* Not that I know of - other than its publishers. --Nigelj (talk) 20:04, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
* As before, the pertinent question here is: Who says that Booker "gives a detailed account"? Does any sources consider Booker authoritative on this? Has any review commented on the books coverage of the HS? Is Booker generally considered a reliable source on such information? --Kim D. Petersen (talk) 20:08, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
This is from the Guardian review which was the most negative review I could find when researching the article:
"Another of Booker's techniques is to latch on to genuine flaws in the science or its dissemination with the tenacity of a bulldog. Predictably, he attacks the infamous "hockey stick" graph, a plot of global mean temperatures over the past 1,000 years produced by two scientists in 1998 which shows little change for the entire period until suddenly soaring in the 20th century. It is now mostly accepted that the analysis that produced these data was wrong".
And the references ARE scholarly and well assembled -- so I repeat: given that this is a critical section on the hockey stick graph/IPCC the Booker quote seems not only justified but important and a useful source for intersted readers wishing to find out more about the subject.Jprw (talk) 06:47, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* The review you quote makes it quite clear that Booker is an unreliable source. To begin with, what do you mean when you say "scholarly and well assembled"? "Scholarly" is a comment on the sources, not on whether they are appropriately interpreted. The denialists use scholarly publications all the time. They just pick and choose the one or two they like, and ignore the rest. Or they misrepresent what they say - either intentionally or simply because they don't understand the subject matter. "Tenacity of a bulldog" says nothing about understanding - on the contrary, a bulldog does its job purely through the strength of its jaw. Bulldogs are not known to skilfully interpret and dissect problems. Nor does this tell use whether Booker's selection of papers represents the state of the science. The creationists quote "scholarly" sources all the time - sadly, they pretend that ideas can't change and that science does not progress. So saying that someone has 50 "scholarly and well assembled" refs doesn't tell me anything I need to know as to whether that person's analysis is useful. Guettarda (talk) 07:22, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
In the context of the whole (very negative) review, the impression I have is that The Guardian is begrudgingly admitting that Booker did a good job re: the hockey stick graph/IPCC and that his analysis on this particular subject stands up. The chapter in his book (chapter 4, 'The Hottest Year Ever') specifically dealing with this subject may therefore also stand up as a reliable source for this section, and therefore improve the article. Perhaps the only solution is for you and other detractors to actually read the chapter objectively and look at the sources.Jprw (talk) 07:53, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* Regardless of whether Booker is reliable, it doesn't belong in this article if that is the material to be sourced, it may be appropriate for hockey stick controversy, even if not reliable, as a notable example of the controversy. (I'm not weighing it, at this time, as to the question of whether it's reliable.) — Arthur Rubin (talk) 07:33, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* No, I don't see anything in the review that Booker "did a good job". Guettarda (talk) 15:59, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* It is not for us to decide if he is a qualified person to write about this. It is for us to present the options to our readers. Reliable third party sources say this book is both notable and a good critique of the hockey stick and that is all we should be discussing here. mark nutley (talk) 07:45, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* No, that's not true. It's very important to figure out whether a source provides useful information. In this case, there are several problems. Arthur Rubin identified the most important one - this isn't an article about the hockey stick, so why should be care about a "notable and good critique" of the hockey stick? Secondly, of course, is the idea that Booker's is a "notable and good critique". Who says this, and where? Guettarda (talk) 15:59, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
As I point out above, this is the hockey stick controversy sub-section of the Criticism of the IPCC section of this article. That's why the Booker reference is fully appropriate here. Jprw (talk) 17:04, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
The reason I originally posted it here and not at the Hockey Stick controversy article is that the chapter outlines how the hockey stick controversy was inextricably linked to the IPCC. It therefore seems to fit best here.Jprw (talk) 07:55, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* Can you using bolding a bit more sparingly? Thanks. Guettarda (talk) 16:00, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
The Booker statement can be attributed with the few sources presented here. Please folks, lets avoid the orginal research and work to have balanced text that matches the sources. Trust that Wikipedia will be better for it. Zulu Papa 5 ☆ (talk) 19:55, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* While it may be useful in describing his fringe views, we should be cautious about giving undue weight to such non-expert fringe positions. . . dave souza, talk 20:13, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* Not at all dave, fringe says if it is notable then it can be allowed, the book is obviously notable given the publicity it got so not problems there mark nutley (talk) 21:46, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
* We can't take Booker's opinion as anything more than Booker's opinion. So, why is his opinion notable enough to be included in this article? Guettarda (talk) 20:38, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
* Dave, you seem to think it is up to us to decide on bookers opinion? This is not the case, it is the book as a source which must be decided upon. And the book has achieved wp:notable has it not? Nor is it self published, it meets all the criteria for a source and for inclusion mark nutley (talk) 21:45, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
I've taken out Booker. Its a polemic by a non-scientist nad has no value, per discussion above. Don't add controversial stuff like this without prior discussion William M. Connolley (talk) 22:04, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
* You may have missed where is says "detailed account" in bold above (from this source ). That is new an beneficial information. Booker provides greater value because it presents unique and reliable sourced information not included in this article. see for ref. Zulu Papa 5 ☆ (talk) 20:39, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
* Ah, you've been reading the Daily Mail. They're so wrong they're not even fringe. . . dave souza, talk 21:39, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
Alarmist subsection
The following subsection, added by an IP, is both one-sided and inaccurate, so I've moved it here. See Criticism of the IPCC AR4 for a balanced view of the % Netherlands below sea level. . . dave souza, talk 06:21, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
Alarmist Nature of IPCC Reports===
Several groups including the nation of The Netherlands and the Petition Project as well as former IPCC chairman Robert Watson have criticized the current IPCC for overly alarminst predictions and errors. The errors include the claim the Netherlands would be severely affected by accelerated melting of polar ice pack beacuse "more than half" of The Netherlands is below sea level. In actuality, only 26% of The Netherlands is below sea level.ref>UN must investigate warming ‘bias’, says former climate chief</ref
It's one of many minor claims – the covarage on this main page might be worth reviewing to provide a concise summary of the revised "criticisms" article. . . dave souza, talk 06:21, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
* I modified the section to make it read more, hopefully, neutral. It is criticism of the IPCC but I think it could be classified as constructive criticism. Cla68 (talk) 07:25, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
* I took out the bit about below-sea-level, because it is wrong. I agree that Watson is notable thought. Dubious about NOTNEWs but no-one seems to care much about that William M. Connolley (talk) 10:11, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
* The sea-level bit is covered in the "criticisms" article, I'm sure the Dutch are greatly reassured that only 26% of their country is below mean sea level, while 60% is vulnerable to high tides and storms. They actually have very extensive flood defences which seem well prepared for projected sea rise. I've added Parry describing the IPCC investigation that Watson has said is needed. . . dave souza, talk 10:50, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
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Page:Walpole--portrait of man with red hair.djvu/121
with his tray and the whiskies. He set down the glasses, split the soda, and stared at them both as Dunbar paid him.
"Will that be all, gentlemen?" he asked, scratching his ear.
"Everything," said Dunbar abruptly.
"Gentlemen sleeping here?"
"No, we're not. Good-night."
"Good-night, sir." With a little sigh the waiter withdrew. The door closed, and instantly the ferns in the pots, the plush chairs and sofa closed round as though they also wanted to hear.
"It's an extraordinary piece of luck," Dunbar began. Then he hesitated. "But I don't want to bother you with any more of this. It isn't your affair. You've come into it, after all, only by accident"
He hesitated as though he were making an invitation to Harkness. And Harkness hesitated. He saw that this was his last opportunity of withdrawal. Once again he could hear the voice of the Imp behind his shoulder: "Well, clear out if you want to. You have still plenty of time. And this is positively the last chance I give you"
He drank his whisky and, drinking, crossed his Rubicon.
"No, no, I am interested, tremendously interested. Tell me anything you care to and if I can be of any help"
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The Girl from Hollywood (Munsey's Magazine 1922)/Chapter 31
death of Grace had, of course, its naturally depressing effect upon the circle of relatives and friends at Ganado; but her absence of more than a year, the infrequency of her letters, and the fact that they had already come to feel that she was lost to them, mitigated to some degree the keenness of their grief and lessened its outward manifestations. Her pitiful end could not seriously interrupt the tenor of their lives, which had long since grown over the wound of her departure, as a tree’s growth rolls over the hurt of a severed limb, leaving only a scar as a reminder of its loss.
Mrs. Evans, Guy and Custer suffered more than the others—Mrs. Evans because of the natural instincts of motherhood, and Custer from a sense of loss that seemed to have uprooted and torn away a part of his being, even though he realized that his love for Grace had been of a different sort from his hopeless passion for Shannon Burke. It was Guy who suffered most, for hugged to his breast was the gnawing secret of the truth of his sister’s life and death. He had told them that Grace had died of pneumonia, and they had not gone behind his assertion to search the records for the truth.
Locked in his desk was the silver frame and the picture of the man whose identity he had been unable to discover. The bungalow had been leased in Grace’s name. The Japanese servant had disappeared, and Guy had been unable to obtain any trace of him. The dead girl had had no friends in the neighborhood, and there was no one who could tell him anything that might lead to the discovery of the man he sought.
He did not, however, give up his search. He went often to Hollywood, where he haunted public places and the entrances to studios, in the hope that some day he would find the man he sought; but as the passing months brought no success, and the duties of his ranch and his literary work demanded more and more of his time, he was gradually compelled to push the furtherance of his vengeance into the background, though without any lessening of his determination to compass it eventually.
To Custer, the direct effect of Grace’s death was to revive the habit of drinking more than was good for him—a habit from which he had drifted away during the past year. That it had ever been a habit he would, of course, have been the last to admit. He was one of those men who could drink, or leave it alone. The world is full of them, and so are the cemeteries.
Custer avoided Shannon when he could do so without seeming unfriendly. Quite unreasonably, he felt that his love for Shannon was an indication of disloyalty to Grace. The latter’s dismissal of him he had never taken as a serious avowal of her heart. He had realized that the woman who had spoken so bitterly had not been the girl he had loved, and whose avowals of love he had listened to. Nor had she been the girl upon whose sad, tired face he had looked for the last time in the darkened living room of the Evans home, for then death had softened the hard lines of dissipation, revealing again, in chastened melancholy, the soul that sin had disguised but not destroyed.
Shannon recognized the change in Custer. She attributed it to his grief, and to his increased drinking, which she had sensed almost immediately, as love does sense the slightest change in its object, however little apparent to another. She did not realize that she was purposely avoiding her. She was more than ever with Eva now, for Guy, having settled down to the serious occupations of man’s estate, no longer had so much leisure to devote to play.
She still occasionally rode at night, for the daytime rides with Custer were less frequent now. Much of his time was occupied closer in around the ranch, with the conditioning of the show herds for the coming fall—an activity which gave him a plausible excuse for foregoing his rides with Shannon. The previous year they had been compelled to cancel their entries because of Custer’s imprisonment, since the colonel would not make the circuit of the shows himself, and did not care to trust the herds to any one but his son. Now the Morgans, the Percherons, the Herefords, and the Berkshires that were to uphold the fame of Ganado were the center of arduous and painstaking fitting and grooming, as the time approached when the finishing touches were to be put upon glossy coat and polished horn and hoof.
May, June, and July had come and gone—it was August again. Guy’s futile visits to Los Angeles were now infrequent. The life of Ganado had again assumed the cheerfulness of the past. The heat of summer had brought the swimming pool into renewed demand, and the cool evenings saved the ballroom from desertion. The youth of the foothills and valley, reënforced by weekend visitors from the city, filled the old house with laughter and happiness. Shannon was always of these parties, for they would not let her remain away.
It was upon the occasion of one of them, early in August, that Eva announced the date of her wedding to Guy.
“The 2nd of September,” she told them. “It comes on a Saturday. We’re going to motor to—”
“Hold on!” cautioned Guy. “That’s a secret!”
“And when we come back we’re going to start building on Hill Thirteen.”
“That’s a cow pasture,” said Custer.
“Well, it won’t be one any more. You must find another cow pasture.”
“Certainly, little one,” replied her brother. “We’ll bring the cows up here in the ballroom. With five thousand acres to pick from, you can’t find a bungalow site anywhere except in the best dairy cow pasture on Ganado!”
“With five thousand acres to pick from, I suppose you can’t find a cow pasture anywhere but on the best bungalow site in southern California! You radiant brother! You wouldn’t have your little sister living in the hog pasture, now would you?”
“Heavens, no! Those nine children you aspire to would annoy the brood sows.”
“You’re hideous!”
“Put on a fox trot, some one,” cried Guy. “Dance with your sister, Cus, and you’ll let her build bungalows all over Ganado. No one can refuse her anything when they dance with her.”
“I’ll say they can’t,” agreed Custer. “Was that how she lured you to your undoing, Guy?”
“What a dapper little idea!” exclaimed Eva.
Guy danced that dance with Mrs. Pennington, and the colonel took out Shannon. As they moved over the smooth floor with the easy dignity that good dancers can impart to the fox trot, the girl’s eyes were often on the brother and sister dancing and laughing together.
“How wonderful they are!” she said.
“Who?” inquired the colonel.
“Custer and Eva. Theirs is such a wonderful relationship between brother and sister—the way it ought to be, but very seldom is.”
“Oh, I don’t know that it’s unique,” replied the colonel. “Guy and Grace were that way, and so were my father’s children. Possibly it’s because we were all raised in the country, where children are more dependent upon their sisters and brothers for companionship than children of the city. We all get better acquainted in the country, and we have to learn to find the best that is in each of us, for we haven’t the choice of companions here that a city, with its thousands, affords.”
“I don’t know,” said Shannon. “Perhaps that is it; but anyway it is lovely—really lovely, for they are almost like two lovers. At first, when I heard them teasing each other, I used to think there might be some bitterness in their thrusts; but when I came to know you all better, I realized that your affection was so perfect that there could never be any misunderstanding among you.”
“That attitude is not peculiar to the Penningtons,” replied the colonel. “I know, for instance, of one who so perfectly harmonized with their lives and ideals that in less than a year she became practically one of them.”
He was smiling down into Shannon’s upturned face.
“I know—you mean me,” she said. “It is awfully nice of you, and it makes me very proud to hear you say so, for I have really tried to be like you. If I have succeeded the least bit, I am so happy!”
“I don’t know that you have succeeded in being like us,” he laughed; “but you have certainly succeeded in being liked by us. Why, do you know, Shannon, I believe Mrs. Pennington and I discuss you and plan for you fully as much as we do the children. It is almost as if you were our other daughter.”
The tears came to her eyes.
“I am so happy!” she said again.
It was later in the evening, after a dance, that she and Custer walked out on the driveway along the north side of the ballroom, and stood looking out over the moon-enchanted valley—a vista of loveliness glimpsed between masses of feathery foliage in an opening through the trees on the hillside just below them. They looked out across the acacias and cedars of the lower hill toward the lights of a little village twinkling between two dome-like hills at the upper end of the valley. It was an unusually warm evening, almost too warm to dance.
“I think we’d get a little of the ocean breeze,” said Custer, “if we were on the other side of the hill. Let’s walk over to the water gardens. There is usually a breeze there, but the building cuts us off from it here.”
Side by side, in silence, they walked around the front of the building and along the south drive to the steps leading down through the water gardens to the stables. The steps were narrow and Custer went ahead—which is always the custom of men in countries where there are rattlesnakes.
As Shannon stepped from the cement steps to the gravel walk above the first pool, her foot came down upon a round stone, turning her ankle and throwing her against Custer. For support she grasped his arm. Upon such insignificant trifles may the fate of lives depend. It might have been a lizard, a toad, a mouse, or even a rattlesnake that precipitated the moment which, for countless eons, creation had been preparing; but it was none of these. It was just a little round pebble—and it threw Shannon Burke against Custer Pennington, causing her to seize his arm. He felt the contact of those fingers, and the warmth of her body, and her cheek near his shoulder. He threw an arm about her to support her.
Almost instantly she had regained her footing. Laughingly she drew away.
“I stepped on a stone,” she said in explanation; “but I didn’t hurt my ankle.”
But still he kept his arm about her. At first Shannon did not understand, and, supposing that he still thought her unable to stand alone, she again explained that she was unhurt.
He stood looking down into her face, which was turned up to his. The moon, almost full, revealed her features as clearly as sunlight—how beautiful they were, and how close. She had not yet fully realized the significance of his attitude when he suddenly threw his other arm about her and crushed her to him; and then, before she could prevent, he had bent his lips to hers and kissed her full upon the mouth.
With a startled cry she pushed him away.
“Custer!” she said. “What have you done? This is not like you. I do not understand!”
She was really terrified—terrified at the thought that he might have kissed her without love—terrified that he might have kissed her with love. She did not know which would be the greater catastrophe.
“I couldn’t help it, Shannon,” he said. “Blame the pebble, blame the moonlight, blame me—it won’t make any difference. I couldn’t help it; that is all there is to it. I’ve fought against it for months. I knew you didn’t love me; but, oh, Shannon, I love you! I had to tell you.”
He loved her! He had loved her for months! Oh, the horror of it! Her little dream of happiness was shattered. No longer could they go on as they had. There would always be this between them—the knowledge of his love; and he would learn of her love for him, for she would not lie to him if he asked her. Then she would either have to explain or to go away—to explain those hideous months with Crumb. Custer would not believe the truth—no man would believe the truth—that she had come through them undefiled. She herself would not believe it of another woman, and she was too sophisticated to hope that the man who loved her would believe it of her.
He had not let her go. They still stood there—his arms about her.
“Please don’t be angry, Shannon,” he begged. “You may not want my love, but there’s no disgrace in it. Maybe I shouldn’t have kissed you, but I couldn’t help it, and I’m glad I did. I have that to remember as long as I live. Please don’t be angry!”
Angry! She wished to God that he would crush her to him again and kiss her—kiss her—kiss like that now and forever. Why shouldn’t he? Why shouldn’t she let him? What had she done to deserve eternal punishment? There were countless wives less virtuous than she. Ah, if she could but have the happiness of his love!
She closed her eyes and turned away her head, and for just an instant she dreamed her beautiful dream. Why not? Why not? Why not? There could be no better wife than she, for there could be no greater love than hers.
He noticed that she no longer drew away. There had been no look of anger in her eyes—only startled questioning; and her face was still so near. Again his arms closed about her, and again his lips found hers.
This time she did not deny him. She was only human—only a woman—and her love, growing steadily in power for many months, had suddenly burst forth in a consuming fire beneath his burning kisses. He felt her lips move in a fluttering sob beneath his, and then her dear arms stole up about his neck and pressed him closer in complete surrender.
“Shannon! You love me?”
“Ah, dear boy, always!”
He drew her to the lower end of a pool, where a rustic seat stood half concealed by the foliage of a drooping umbrella tree. There they sat and asked each other the same questions that lovers have asked since prehistoric man first invented speech, and that lovers will continue to ask so long as speech exists upon earth; very important questions—by far the most important questions in the world.
They did not know how long they had sat there—to them it seemed but a moment—when they heard voices calling their names from above.
“Shannon! Custer! Where are you?”
“I suppose we’ll have to go,” he said. “Just one more kiss!”
He took a dozen; and then they rose and walked up the steps to the south drive.
“Shall I tell them?” he asked.
“Not yet, please.”
She was not sure that it would last. Such happiness was too sweet to endure.
Eva spied them.
“Where in the world have you two been?” she demanded. “We’ve been hunting all over for you, and shouting until I’m hoarse.”
“We’ve been right down there by the upper pool, trying to cool off,” replied Custer. “It’s too beastly hot to dance.”
“You never thought so before,” said Eva suspiciously. “Do you know, I believe you two have been off spooning! How perfectly gorgeristic!”
“How perfectly nothing,” replied Custer. “Old people, like Shannon and me, don’t spoon. That’s for you kids.”
Eva came closer.
“Shannon, you’d better go and straighten your hair before any one else sees you.” She laughed and pinched the other’s arm. “I’d love it,” she whispered in Shannon’s ear, “if it were true! You’ll tell me, won’t you?”
“If it ever comes true, dear”—Shannon returned the whisper—“you shall be the first to know about it.”
“Scrumptious! But say, I’ve got the divinest news—what do you think? Popsy has known it all day and never mentioned it—forgot all about it, he said, until just before he and mother trotted off to bed. Did you ever hear of anything so outrageous? And now half the folks have gone home, and I can’t tell ’em. Oh, it’s too spiffy for words! I’ve been longing and longing for it for months and months and months, and now it’s going to happen—really going to happen—actually going to happen on Monday!”
“For Heaven’s sake, little one, unwind, and get to the end of your harrowing story. What’s going to happen?”
“Why, the K. K. S. company is coming on Monday, and Wilson Crumb is coming with them!”
Shannon staggered almost as from the force of a physical blow. Wilson Crumb coming! Coming to Ganado! Short indeed had been her sweet happiness!
“What’s the matter, Shannon?” asked Custer solicitously.
The girl steadied herself quickly.
“Oh, it’s nothing,” she said, with a nervous laugh. “I just felt a little dizzy for a moment.”
“You had better go in the house and lie down,” he suggested.
“No, I think I’ll go home, if you’ll drive me down, Custer. You know ten o’clock is pretty late for us.”
“It’s Saturday night,” said Eva.
“But I don’t want to miss my ride in the morning. You’re all going, aren’t you?”
“I am,” said Custer.
He noticed that she was very quiet as they drove down to her place, and when they parted she clung to him as if she could not bear to let him go.
It was very wonderful—the miracle of this great love. As he drove back home, he could not think of anything else. He was not egotistical, and it seemed strange that from all the men she must have known Shannon had kept her love for him. With Grace it had been different. Their love had grown up with them from childhood. It had seemed no more remarkable that Grace should love him than that Eva should love him, or that he should love Grace; but Shannon had come to him out of a strange world—a world full of men—where, with her beauty and her charm, she must have been an object of admiration to many. Yet she had brought her heart to him intact; for she had told him that she had never loved another—and she had told him the truth.
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Tales of the City (album)
Tales of the City is the debut studio album by Australian rock band Rockmelons. It was released in May 1988 on True Tone Records and peaked at number six on the Australian album charts. The band shared the Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA) Award for 'Best Debut Album' in 1988 with 1927's album ...ish.
It was re-issued in 1992 by Mushroom Records.
The first single, "Rhymes", was a cover of Al Green's song, from his 1974 album, Al Green Is Love.
Reception
Smash Hits said, "The plucky little Rockmelons finally come across with the goods, delighting their thousands of fans, confounding the doubting thomases, and failing to convert anyone else. You have a remarkably commercial album that's slightly muzak-ish and a little too jazzesque for me, but certainly like nothing else being done in Australia at the moment.
Track listing
All songs written by R. Medhurst, B. Jones, J. Jones, R. Smith except where noted, according to Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).
* 1) "New Groove" – 4:39
* 2) "What's It Gonna Be?" – 4:46
* 3) "Jump" – 2:31
* 4) "Thief" (R. Medhurst, J. Jones, B. Jones) – 3:21
* 5) "Dreams in the Empty City" (R. Medhurst, J. Jones, B. Jones) – 3:45
* 6) "Get Back on the Groove" – 4:56
* 7) "Rhymes" (A. Green, M. Hodges) – 4:43
* 8) "Boogietron" (J. Jones, B. Jones) – 4:22
* 9) "Money Talks" – 3:59
Personnel
Credited to:
Rockmelons
* Raymond Medhurst – keyboards
* Byron Jones – keyboards, bass guitar, vocals
* Jonathon Jones – keyboards, guitar, drums
* John Kenny – vocals
* Mary Azzopardi – vocals
* Wendy Matthews – vocals
Recording details
* Producer – Robin Smith
* Engineer – Barry Rudolph
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A few months ago, when I wrote the newsletter article on osteoporosis, I barely touched on vitamin K. All I said was: “You need it to move calcium around your body. If you eat a good serving of green vegetables a day, you’ve pretty much got it covered. Some people do benefit from taking extra.”
Apparently, I didn’t know what I was talking about.
As it turns out, all of the really impressive research on vitamin K has just come out in the last couple of years, and my reference books were older than that. Now, with all the new research finally in front of me, all I can say is this: Vitamin K might very well be the single best tool we have to combat osteoporosis. (Just don’t get too excited about vitamin K and forget the other tools! Calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, boron, zinc, silica, exercise, diet, sunlight, and even prescription drugs all have their roles to play, too).
The first thing to realize is that vitamin K comes in more than one form. K1 (phylloquinone) is the form found in green vegetables and most supplements. But although K1 has a role to play in the body, it’s actually K2 (menaquinone) which is by far the most important for bone health.
Unfortunately, K2 is hard to come by. There are bacteria in your gut which produce it, but they live so far down the digestive tract that what they make is hardly absorbed. Your body makes K2 itself (from K1, actually), but it can only make so much, and this amount decreases as we get older. And finally, some foods contain K2. The richest sources in the Western diet are butter, goose liver paté, and certain fatty cheeses such as Emmentaler. But the amounts are almost negligible.
There is one food which is a significant source of K2: the Japanese fermented condiment, natto, which may contain up to 100 times the K2 found in Western food sources. Natto is traditionally made from soybeans, fermented with the bacterium, Bacillus natto. It’s this bacterium – not the soy – which produces K2. Natto is “an acquired taste,” which is a polite way of saying that most people don’t like it. And even if you do like it, you’d have to eat more than seven quarts to reach the 45 mg of K2 used in most trials. The bottom line is: if you want a clinical dose of K2, you’re going to have to look to supplements .
So what does any of this have to do with bone health?
Well, we see that people with osteoporosis tend to have lower levels of K2 in their bloodstreams. We see a number of studies which correlate lifetime or regional natto consumption with lower rates of osteoporosis. We see test tube studies which strongly suggest that K2 supports healthy bone formation in a number of ways. And we see animal studies where K2 prevents and reverses bone loss under a wide variety of experimental conditions. But since I only have two pages, I’m going to skip over all of that and go straight to the human, clinical trials.
For example, one study involving 241 people with osteoporosis compared 45 mg of K2 with a placebo. At the end of two years, the people receiving the K2 had lost 0.5% of their lumbar (lower spine) bone mass versus 3.3% for those on the placebo.
Another study involved 80 osteoporotic women, and evaluated metacarpal (finger) bone density. This trial lasted only 24 weeks, but used 90 mg of K2, twice the standard dose. At the end of the trial, the women on the placebo had lost a surprising 7.3% of their bone density. The ones on the K2 gained 2.2%.
Yet another study followed 83 women, who received either 800 mg calcium, or the calcium plus 45 mg of K2. At the end of six months, there was no change in bone density of the hip in either group. However, lumbar bone density increased 0.6% in the vitamin K2 group. Furthermore, the rate of bone breakdown in the K2 plus calcium group was 65% lower than in the group just receiving calcium!
While these studies – and many more – have been able to demonstrate the effectiveness of K2 supplements, they nevertheless fail to answer one important question: how would K2 compare to conventional osteoporosis drugs? A recent trial attempted to answer that question . 72 post-menopausal women were given either 45 mg of K2, a calcium supplement, or a standard dose of the drug etidronate. (Etidronate, or “Didrocal,” is a biphosphonate drug, a close relative of alendronate, or “Fosamax”) . Etidronate was the clear winner with an increase in greater bone mass.
But wait – here’s where things get really interesting.
Despite this significant difference in bone mass between etidronate and K2, both groups showed an identical reduction in fracture risk – a reduction of roughly two-thirds versus similar women not on medication! (The calcium group, on the other hand, did not reduce their fracture risk). In other words, the etidronate looked better in a clinical, laboratory setting, but showed no advantage over K2 in the real world.
Was this mere coincidence? Or is there something special about the way K2 supports bone health?
What’s important to understand here is that bones are more than just dead calcium; they are dynamic, living tissue which is constantly being “remodeled” – that is, simultaneously broken down and built back up. It’s this constant remodeling, this refreshing of living bone tissue which keeps your bones young and resilient; not old, stale, brittle, and susceptible to fracture.
Bone density screenings don’t measure resilience. They measure quantity, but not necessarily quality, of bone. Don’t get me wrong: bone density screenings are important, as a rapidly decreasing bone density is often your first sign that you’re in trouble. But medications which simply increase bone density (quantity) without addressing bone structure (quality) are stopgaps at best.
Biphosphonates decrease the breakdown of old bone tissue without increasing the production of new, young, healthy bone. Thus, although bone mass can increase on the drugs, more and more of that bone will be old, stale, and brittle. I’m not putting down bisphosphonates. They significantly decrease fracture rates, at least when your bones have already begun to degrade. After all, when your bones are weak, anything that builds them back up helps. But when your bones are relatively healthy, biphosphonates appear to do very little. As the Journal of the American Medical Association editorialized in 1998, “the antifracture benefit of biphosphonates in women with low bone mass but without prevalent fracture must be judged to be small” (emphasis added).
K2 is a different story. Numerous test tube and animal studies show that K2 not only decreases bone breakdown, especially under stressful conditions, but also promotes the formation of new, healthy bone. And on top of that, animal models of menopause show that K2 greatly improves bone connectivity (“bone quality”).
Vitamin K is necessary for healthy blood clotting. Understand, however, that it doesn’t make your blood clot. It’s simply there, if needed, and shouldn’t raise the risk of stroke in normal individuals. In fact, quite a few studies have examined blood clotting during high-dose vitamin K2 therapy, and have found no problems .
However, people who choose to take anticoagulant “blood thinners” such as warfarin (“Coumadin”) which work by interfering with the activity of vitamin K are a different story. If you are on any of these medications, you should use vitamin K supplements only under the supervision of your doctor. It should be possible to adjust your anticoagulant medication to accommodate a higher vitamin K intake.
Finally, I want to acknowledge a company called Advanced Orthomolecular Reseach, or AOR, for their informative, detailed, and even-handed report on the new K2 research. (Of course I also looked into it myself. I didn’t just take their word for it). The point is, this article probably wouldn’t have been written without them. If you want to get into more depth on K2, we’ll have a couple of copies of the AOR research report to lend out. (Or check medline on the internet at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query).
–Adam Stark
5 Iwamoto, J., et al. (2001). Effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density and incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a comparison with the effect of etidronate. J Orthoped Sci, 6, 487-492.
6 It must be noted that the newer generation biphosphonates, such as alendronate (“Fosamax”), do tend to outperform etidronate, although it isn’t entirely clear how much better they are. As of 2002, they hadn’t been compared head-to-head.
7 See, for example: Asakura, H., et al. (2001) Vitamin K administration to elderly patients with osteoporosis induces no hemostatic activation, even in those with suspected vitamin K deficiency. Osteoporosis International, 12, 996-1000; or: Ushiroyama T., et al. (2002). Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 41, 211-221.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Beginers Question on unlimted datasets
#1
i am struggling with creating an unlimted 1 dimensional dataset that I write in chunks.
the following Mimimal Working Example, works correctly for the initial chunk write, but fails for subsequent chunks, with the following error.
HDF5-DIAG: Error detected in HDF5 (1.10.7) thread 1:
#000: ../../../src/H5Dio.c line 319 in H5Dwrite(): could not get a validated dataspace from mem_space_id
major: Invalid arguments to routine
minor: Bad value
#001: ../../../src/H5S.c line 257 in H5S_get_validated_dataspace(): selection + offset not within extent
major: Dataspace
minor: Out of range
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'H5::DataSetIException'
[1] 426631 IOT instruction (core dumped)
I am sure what I am doing wrong is simple, but I cant for the life of me see it, any help / code corrections are gratefully received.
Code below compiles correctly on Ubuntu Linux, with ubuntu bundled HDF5 dev libraries
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "H5Cpp.h"
using namespace H5;
const H5std_string FILE_NAME("custom_data.h5");
// Define a struct to represent a data record
struct DataRecord {
int id;
double latitude;
double longitude;
double confidence;
std::string csquare;
};
int main() {
// Create a new HDF5 file
std::string dataset_name = "my_dataset";
hsize_t record_count = 100;
H5File file(FILE_NAME, H5F_ACC_TRUNC);
std::cout << " created hdf5" << std::endl;
hsize_t chunk_dims[] = {record_count};
hsize_t dims[] = {0};
hsize_t max_dims[] = {H5S_UNLIMITED};
DataSpace dataspace(1, dims, max_dims);
std::cout << " created dataspace" << std::endl;
std::cout << " created data" << std::endl;
CompType datatype(sizeof(DataRecord));
datatype.insertMember("id", HOFFSET(DataRecord, id), PredType::NATIVE_INT);
datatype.insertMember("latitude", HOFFSET(DataRecord, latitude), PredType::NATIVE_DOUBLE);
datatype.insertMember("longitude", HOFFSET(DataRecord, longitude), PredType::NATIVE_DOUBLE);
datatype.insertMember("confidence", HOFFSET(DataRecord, confidence), PredType::NATIVE_DOUBLE);
datatype.insertMember("csquare", HOFFSET(DataRecord, csquare), StrType(PredType::C_S1, H5T_VARIABLE));
std::cout << " created datatype" << std::endl;
DSetCreatPropList create_params;
hsize_t chunk_size[] = {100};
create_params.setChunk(1,chunk_size);
// Create the dataset
DataSet dataset = file.createDataSet(dataset_name, datatype, dataspace, create_params);
std::cout << " created dataset" << std::endl;
// Stream the records to the dataset
int num_records {0};
hsize_t current_size[] = {0};
hsize_t offset[] = {0};
int chunk_num = 0;
std::vector<DataRecord> data(record_count);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
// Generate some fake data
data[i%100].id = i;
data[i%100].latitude = i +((double) 1/i);
data[i%100].longitude = i + ((double) 1/i);
data[i%100].confidence = 1/((double) i);
data[i%100].csquare = "0123456789012345678";
// Add the record to the buffer
// Write the buffer to the dataset if it is full
if (num_records == record_count) {
current_size[0] = (chunk_num+1) * record_count; // make sure we allways have lots of space
dataset.extend(current_size);
std::cout << " extended ok "<<std::endl;
// Select the portion of the file dataspace and memory dataspace
// that correspond to the data buffer
offset[0] = chunk_num * record_count;
DataSpace memspace(1, &record_count);
std::cout << " created memspace"<<std::endl;
memspace.selectHyperslab(H5S_SELECT_SET, &record_count, offset);
std::cout << "selected Hyperslab"<<std::endl;
DataSpace filespace = dataset.getSpace();
std::cout << "created filespace"<<std::endl;
filespace.selectHyperslab(H5S_SELECT_SET, &record_count, offset);
std::cout << "selected Hyperslab"<<std::endl;
// Write the data buffer to the dataset
dataset.write(data.data(), datatype, memspace, filespace);
chunk_num++;
num_records = 0;
std::cout << "written "<<i<<" onto chunk "<< chunk_num<< std::endl;
// lets wipe the vector
data.clear();
data.resize(record_count);
} else {
num_records++;
}
}
dataset.close();
file.close();
return 0;
}
#3
Hi @joh3,
Not sure how the library you use works but, in case you are not bound to requirements, you may want to check HDFql as it greatly simplifies how HDF5 is handled. Looking at the posted code, your use-case could be solved as follow in C++ with HDFql:
// include HDFql C++ header file
#include "HDFql.hpp"
// define structure
struct DataRecord
{
int id;
double latitude;
double longitude;
double confidence;
char csquare[19];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// declare variables
std::vector<DataRecord> data(100);
std::stringstream script;
int i;
// create HDF5 file 'custom_data.h5' and use (i.e. open) it
HDFql::execute("CREATE AND USE FILE custom_data.h5");
// prepare script that creates an extendible dataset 'my_dataset' of unlimited size
script << "CREATE DATASET my_dataset AS COMPOUND(id AS INT OFFSET " << offsetof(struct DataRecord, id);
script << ", latitude AS DOUBLE OFFSET " << offsetof(struct DataRecord, latitude);
script << ", longitude AS DOUBLE OFFSET " << offsetof(struct DataRecord, longitude);
script << ", confidence AS DOUBLE OFFSET " << offsetof(struct DataRecord, confidence);
script << ", csquare AS CHAR(19) OFFSET " << offsetof(struct DataRecord, csquare); << ")(UNLIMITED)";
// execute script
HDFql::execute(script);
// register variable 'data' for subsequent usage (by HDFql)
HDFql::variableRegister(data);
// populate dataset 'my_dataset' with dummy data
for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
// generate dummy data
data[i % 100].id = i;
data[i % 100].latitude = i + ((double) 1 / i);
data[i % 100].longitude = i + ((double) 1 / i);
data[i % 100].confidence = 1 / ((double) i);
strcpy(data[i % 100].csquare, "0123456789012345678");
if ((i + 1) % 100 == 0)
{
// alter (i.e. extend) dataset 'my_dataset' by 100 additional positions (or rows)
HDFql::execute("ALTER DIMENSION my_dataset TO +100");
// write dummy data into dataset 'my_dataset' using an hyperslab
HDFql::execute("INSERT INTO my_dataset(-100:::) VALUES FROM MEMORY 0");
}
}
// unregister variable 'data' as it is no longer needed/used
HDFql::variableUnregister(data);
// close HDF5 file
HDFql::execute("CLOSE FILE");
return 0;
}
Hope it helps!
#4
Many thanks, this looks Awesome, i’ll check it out in depth
Joe
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Why not a Marshall Plan for affordable housing? | TheHill
Calls for a new Marshall Plan periodically come up when there is a real or perceived crisis. Recently, two presidential candidates put forth “Marshall Plan proposals” — Sen. Elizabeth WarrenElizabeth Ann WarrenOvernight Health Care: House Dems clash over Pelosi drug pricing bill | Senate blocks effort to roll back Trump ObamaCare moves | Number of uninsured children rises Sanders aide says heart attack 'personalized' health issues for voters Krystal Ball: Bernie seems 'to have a little extra mojo post heart attack' MORE (D-Mass.) supports a “Green Marshall Plan,” and Julian CastroJulian CastroWhy not a Marshall Plan for affordable housing? Sanders floats leveraging aid to Israel to push for policy changes with Palestinians Coulter: Debate questions that the Democrats should have been asked MORE, a former Housing and Urban Development secretary and mayor of San Antonio, wants “a 21st century Marshall Plan for Central America.” Although I’m sure these are worthy causes, to my mind the persistent, systemic undersupply of housing that people can afford is a crisis in the U.S. that needs immediate attention. It continues to get worse each year. This shortage of housing is having a large human and economic negative effect. Therefore, we propose an equivalent Marshall Plan for affordable housing, the “Save Affordable Housing Plan.” The Marshall Plan, passed in 1948, was an American initiative designed to aid Western Europe. According to the four-year plan, the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $100 billion in 2018 dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan sought to rebuild war-ravaged regions, modernize industry, tear down trade barriers, improve prosperity and halt Communism in its tracks. It required the elimination of many regulations, as well as a reduction of interstate barriers, while encouraging increased productivity and the adoption of modern business techniques. The Marshall Plan parceled aid to participant states on a rough per capita basis. In 1948, the U.S. budget was $39.9 billion. The Marshall Plan’s $12 billion commitment was funded $3 billion per year for four years. The first-year commitment of $3 billion represented about 7.4 percent of the U.S. budget that year. The U.S. budget for 2019 is estimated to be $2.5 trillion, with spending of $3.6 trillion. A new commitment of $100 billion (roughly equivalent to the $12 billion in 1948) for the Save Affordable Housing Plan also could be paid out over four years. The first-year funding of $25 billion would represent only 1 percent of the estimated 2019 U.S. budget and 0.7 percent of our projected 2019 spending. Its final cost would be lower when the ancillary economic benefits are included — lower health care and social service costs, less homelessness, better youth education results, less crime, etc. Here are two recent examples of collateral savings that could result from an increase in affordable housing supply: The goals of the Save Affordable Housing Plan would not be dissimilar to some of the elements of the original Marshall Plan. If carefully designed, it would build and preserve a large amount of affordable housing units; eliminate much of the red tape, delays and costs that impede new construction; and allocate capital to the states on a per capita basis, the same way low-income housing tax credits are allocated. The plan should include all provisions of the Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act that is working its way through Congress. Money could be allocated for state-level soft financing, offer additional project-based vouchers, and provide services to support mental health and addiction problems. Whether the suggested amount of the plan would be adequate to accomplish its goals needs further study, but it certainly would put a big dent in the problem. There doesn’t appear to be much disagreement in Congress — or in the country — that there is a real crisis in affordable housing. Millions are paying 50 percent or more of their income on rent; there is a huge shortage of housing for very low-income people; homelessness is a national disgrace; and the supply of existing older affordable housing continues to deteriorate and disappear. Several presidential candidates have plans to address the problem piecemeal and, although that’s helpful, they are attacking it only at the margin. Time is our enemy. So, if we truly want to make meaningful change to the affordable housing crisis, we need a Marshall Plan-like program to make a real impact. Richard F. Burns is president, CEO and trustee of the not-for-profit affordable housing organization, The NHP Foundation, with offices in New York, Washington and Chicago. He has more than 40 years of experience as a real estate investment professional. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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Talk:MS Costa Allegra
Revert article move
Mov reverted per consensus. bd2412 T 15:18, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
MS Annie Johnson → MS Costa Allegra – According to WP:NC-SHIPS, "an article about a ship that changed name or nationality should be placed at the best-known name, with a redirect from the other name". Costa Allegra was by far best known as a cruise ship, not as a container ship. Thus, I propose reverting the move by User:Yankeesman312. Tupsumato (talk) 04:41, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
* Concur Dankarl (talk) 13:03, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
* Actually, as the ship is currently in service as Santa Cruise, the article should be moved to MS Santa Cruise. Mjroots (talk) 19:25, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
* She appears to have only been Santa Cruise for the journey to the breakers, never serving as a cruise ship or container ship under that name. I'm not sure that this could be considered the best known name. And I don't think that there is a convention that we name an article by the latest name she is/was sailing under? NC-SHIPS does say 'best-known name' after all. Benea (talk) 21:25, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
* "Best-known name" is rather vague, so in my opinion we should consider the article names on a case-by-case basis. After all, sometimes a ship may have several "well-known names" and it's not easy to agree which one is the best-known one. In such case, it's usually best to stick to the last name under which the ship was in service or, if it has e.g. been rotting in a port for a decade, in the news. "Demolition names" can be ruled out in most cases.
* However, in this case it's (in my opinion) rather clear: The ship was in service as the cruise ship Costa Concordia for 20 years, longer than as Annie Johnson. Also, today's cruise ships are by far better-known to the general public than ancient container ships. Tupsumato (talk) 05:58, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* Mjroots, I don't think this counts as "currently in service"... ;) Tupsumato (talk) 05:59, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* I agree with Tupsumato – the vessel sailed under name Annie Johnson as a cargo ship but was later converted into cruise ship. She served the most significant notable part of her life cycle as such under name Costa Allegra, therefore the article should be renamed. --Gwafton (talk) 07:33, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks for pointing out the error of my ways guys. In view of this, I Support the move back to Costa Allegra. Mjroots (talk) 20:03, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* Yes, agree Costa Allegra. Tupsumato is right that it is not always obvious what "best known name" is, but it is the best guideline as it allows for sensible conclusions according the variety of circumstance (and for changes over time); anything more specific would lead to too many strange results. Davidships (talk) 13:18, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on MS Costa Allegra. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120301181735/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/2012/02/28/tug-boats-tow-drifting-cruise-liner-costa-allegra-to-safety-after-engine-room-blaze-86908-23768628/ to http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/2012/02/28/tug-boats-tow-drifting-cruise-liner-costa-allegra-to-safety-after-engine-room-blaze-86908-23768628/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120229002252/http://overheadbin.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/02/28/10528583-stricken-costa-allegra-being-towed-to-safety-through-pirate-zone to http://overheadbin.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/02/28/10528583-stricken-costa-allegra-being-towed-to-safety-through-pirate-zone
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Expert Reviewed
How to Prevent Skin Cancer for Kids
Children have a small risk of skin cancer if they are not protected, but burns in childhood can have major repercussions when they reach adulthood, is these burns greatly increases their chances of skin cancer, including melanoma.” (the risk of melanoma is likely increased with even less than 6 severe sunburns). Recognizing the seriousness of skin cancer in children is one of the steps in protecting them. Apply sunscreen, cover exposed skin with clothing, and diagnose potential skin cancer for optimal skin protection.[1]
Part One of Four:
Using Sunscreen
Edit
1. 1
Apply sunscreen on all exposed skin areas. Be generous when applying sunscreen on your child. Make sure that you cover all the exposed skin areas, including the back of the neck, the ears and the tops of the feet.
• You should use about one ounce of sunscreen over your child’s body.[2]
2. 2
Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. This determines how long it will take your child’s skin to start burning. For example, if your child’s skin will reddens after 20 minutes in the sun, it will take 30 times longer with SPF 15, or about five hours.[3] You should also look for sunscreen or sunblock labeled "broad-spectrum." This indicates that it protects from both UVA and UVB rays.
• Use a sunscreen that is at least SPF 30 for child skin cancer prevention.
• It’s important to remember that there is no sunscreen that blocks out 100% of the sun’s UV rays.
3. 3
Apply sunscreen at least 30 minutes before exposure. It’s important that the sunscreen settles into the skin and provides a protective coating. Put sunscreen on your child about 30 minutes before he goes out.[4]
4. 4
Wear sunscreen even on cloudy days. The sun shines UV rays even on cloudy days. Even when the sky is not clear, the rays can give your child a burn. It’s important to wear sunscreen on these days as well.[5]
5. 5
Reapply sunscreen frequently. If your children are going to be outside in the sun, be sure to reapply sunscreen at least every two hours or more if possible.[6]
• If your child is swimming or sweating, sunscreen should be reapplied frequently as well. Put on more sunscreen if your child has toweled off.
6. 6
Don’t put sunscreen on an infant under six months old. Babies have sensitive skin that does not handle sunscreen. You should not use sunscreen on an infant; however, experts feel that you can apply a small amount of baby-safe sunblock (with titanium dioxide or zinc oxide) on small areas such as the face or hands or feet, if exposure is unavoidable. If sun exposure is unavoidable, the child should be covered up properly.
7. 7
Carefully apply sunscreen to babies six months to one year old. Babies in this age range can handle sunscreen. The sunscreen should be SPF 30 or higher. Apply a generous layer of sunscreen to the baby’s skin 30 minutes before he is exposed to the sun.[7]
• Choose sunscreen and sunblocks made specifically for babies.
• If your baby sweats a lot or is in the water, reapply the sunscreen every two hours.
• These are simply suggested recommendations and should not be substituted for pediatric advice. Always follow the advice from your child’s doctor.
8. 8
Don't use a combination sunscreen and insect repellent.[8] Though this seems like a brilliant and convenient idea, you should always use two different products for protection from the sun and insects. The insect repellant can make the sunscreen less effective, and the sunscreen can make the insect repellant more toxic.[9]
• Sunscreen should be applied generously at least every two hours, while insect repellant should be used no more frequently than two to six hours.[10]
• Sunscreen must be applied to the face, while it is best to avoid applying insect repellant to your face.[11]
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Part Two of Four:
Protecting the Skin with Clothing
Edit
1. 1
Cover up sun-exposed areas. Ensure that your child is covered up when exposed to the sun for long periods. Even while at the beach, you should have your child wear a t-shirt while out of the water. Consider a one-piece swimsuit for girls and/or a rash guard or swim shirt for girls and boys. [12]
• You can also encourage your child to take cover under an umbrella or shaded area.
2. 2
Cover your child’s head. Make a habit of having your child wear a hat when outdoors to avoid skin cancer risks. A hat with a brim that covers the face and neck is ideal. If you are consistent, your child will adjust to wearing a hat outside when it is sunny. [13]
• Choose a hat with a brim that’s at least three inches all the way around.[14]
3. 3
Opt for sunglasses for your children. Just as adults should protect their eyes from the sun, children should too. Again, if consistent, children should not have a problem wearing sunglasses on sunny days. [15]
• Choose sunglasses that protect from UVA and UVB rays. The sunglasses should fit snugly on your child’s face.[16]
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Part Three of Four:
Taking Other Precautions
Edit
1. 1
Limit your child’s exposure to the sun. The sun’s rays are harshest during the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Keep your child out of the sun during these hours if possible. If exposure during these hours is unavoidable, limit the time that your child is outside. Also be sure to protect your child’s skin with sunscreen and clothing.
2. 2
Keep infants out of the sun. Infants under six months old have skin that contains little melanin or skin pigmentation. Their skin is sensitive and can’t handle sunscreen. As a result, infants should be kept out of the sun. If they need to be outside, they should be covered adequately.[17]
• Limit walks with your infant to before 10:00 a.m. or after 4:00 p.m. Your infant should sit in a stroller with a sun protective cover over her.
• These are simply suggested recommendations and should not be substituted for pediatric advice. Always follow the advice from your child’s doctor.
3. 3
Avoid tanning. Teens and pre-teens may want to lay out in the sun to get a tan. Some teens might also want to visit a tanning bed. These activities should be avoided. Extra and deliberate exposure to the sun can make skin more susceptible to the risk of skin cancer.[18]
4. 4
Take medications into account. Some medications make skin more sensitive to light and UV rays. If your child is taking a medication such as antibiotics or ibuprofen, you should help your child take extra care in the sun. Ideally, your child would avoid sun exposure altogether.[19]
5. 5
Teach your children to take precautions. Explain to your children how they should be careful in the sun. When you are taking precautions by putting the sunblock on your child, or the hat, explain why.[20]
• For example, you can say, "Here, put your hat on. You have to protect your skin from the sun." At first, your child may ask you why, and you can explain that the sun is very hot and it can damage the skin. Don't explain it in a manner that scares your child. Just explain it in a nonchalant way. If your precautions become second nature to you, they will become second nature to your child.
• At some point, your child will be reminding you to put on your sunblock. Your teaching should eventually cause your children to start taking precautions for themselves without you prompting them. They can also feel confident to remind other children.
6. 6
Lead by example. If you are going to require your children to wear sunscreen and cover up their skin, you should do the same thing. Wear sunscreen, avoid the sun at peak exposure times, and cover up your skin. Your children will more likely to cooperate if they see the whole family taking care in the sun.[21]
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Part Four of Four:
Keeping an Eye Out for Skin Cancer
Edit
1. 1
Assess your risk for skin cancer. Certain people are more prone to developing skin cancer, depending on genetics, environment, and skin tone. The following are some factors that might increase your risk of skin cancer:[22]
• Family history of skin cancer
• Increased sun exposure
• Living in areas with higher intensity of sunlight, including areas such as the Caribbean, northern Australia, and Florida
• Previously sunburned skin
• High level of body moles
• Fair skin or very light skin
• Inherited diseases
• Exposure to high levels of pollution
• Children who are exposed to cigarette smoke
2. 2
Don’t assume fair-skinned children are the only ones at risk. Recognize that fair-skinned children are more likely to burn in the sun if unprotected, but this doesn’t mean that darker-skinned children should not be protected in the sun. Take precautions with all children.[23]
3. 3
Understand what skin cancer is. The skin is the largest organ in our bodies. It functions to protect our vital organs and bodies from harmful pathogens and trauma. The skin works to protect our bodies from too much of the sun's harmful rays. It also stores fat as well as moisture. However, with so much exposure to harmful elements, injury can occur without protecting our skin, especially from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays.
4. 4
Know the different types and signs of skin cancer. There are several different types of skin cancer. Only a medical professional can correctly diagnose and treat the different types of cancer.[24] Here are several types of skin cancer:
• Actinic keratosis: Symptoms include red bumps and tan crusts. These are not skin cancer, but skin cancer can develop from them.[25]
• Squamous cell: Occurs due to uncontrolled cells in squamous layer of the skin. Usual presentation includes a dark spot that may be elevated frequently the lower lip, face and outer ear, as well as other sun exposed areas, scaly red patches, or a sore that doesn't heal.[26]
• Basal cell: Symptoms are due to the presence of a localized red bump due to overproduction of cells in the basal layer of the skin.[27] They may also look like a red, scaly patch or a sore that doesn't heal
• Melanoma: Melanomas are the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, and can even be fatal. It is becoming more common in young adults. They may develop without warning or near a mole or dark spot on the skin, so it is important to be aware of the color, size, and location of moles on your child's body.[28] Pay attention to the following guidelines (known as ABCDE) when examining at a mole or dark spot on the skin:[29]
• Asymmetry: the area should be symmetric, or the same on both sides. If it is not, however, this could be a warning sign for malignancy.
• Borders: borders should be well defined.
• Color: the area should be the same color throughout its surface. Malignant moles are often black, red, or white or multicolored.
• Diameter: the diameter of the area should be less than 6 mm, or roughly the size of a cap of a pen cap.
• Elevation: any elevation of the skin can be a warning sign.
5. 5
See your dermatologist. Become familiar with your child's freckles and moles. If you notice changes in the color or diameter of some markings or new symptoms like itching or bleeding, visit a dermatologist. Any evolving or irregularity of the freckles or moles should not be ignored. This skin specialist will check out the area thoroughly. This doctor will also do annual mole checks on patients with a large number of moles or who are prone to sunburn or skin cancer.
• Only a medical professional can diagnose and treat skin disorders and possible skin cancers.[30]
6. 6
Get treatment for any skin abnormalities. Treatment includes excision and biopsy of the area in question. This means that the doctor will excise, or cut out, the affected area (or will sometimes take a shaving of the lesion) and run a biopsy, or examination, to determine to determine if it is skin cancer, and the type and severity of it. Depending on the severity of the diagnosis, other treatments include: [31]
• Electrosurgery
• Cryotherapy
• Laser therapy
• Radiation
• Photodynamic therapy
• Topical medications
• More surgery to remove the entire cancer and an area of surrounding skin
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Expert Review By:
LM
Doctor of Medicine
This version of How to Prevent Skin Cancer for Kids was reviewed by Laura Marusinec, M.D. on February 19, 2017.
5 votes - 56%
Co-authors: 12
Updated:
Views: 8,322
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Sexton's Burrows
Sexton's Burrows is a narrow rocky peninsula which forms a natural breakwater to the Harbour of Watermouth Bay on the North Devon coast.
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Allen Hamilton
Allen Hamilton (1798–1864) was a founding father of Fort Wayne in Allen County, Indiana.
Biography
Hamilton, an Irish emigrant, lived in Lawrenceburg in Dearborn County, Indiana, in 1820, when he married Emerine J. Holman, the daughter of prominent Indiana judge Jesse Lynch Holman. In 1823 the Hamilton family moved to Fort Wayne, where Hamilton was appointed deputy clerk in the U. S. Land Office. Hamilton also served as Allen County sheriff (1824–1826), Fort Wayne's postmaster (1825–1831), and as Allen County auditor, clerk, and recorder (1831–1838).
In the 1820s Hamilton partnered with Cyrus Taber to form Hamilton and Taber, an Indian trading company. The firm prospered as Hamilton won the trust and confidence of many Indians, in particular Chief Jean Baptiste de Richardville of the Miami. In 1834 and 1838 Hamilton was appointed to the U. S. Commission to Negotiate Treaties with the Miami in northern Indiana. In 1840 he served on the Commission to Extinguish Indian Titles in Indiana and was appointed the U. S. Indian agent to the Miami from 1841 to 1845. Hamilton was a Whig delegate to the Indiana Constitutional Convention in 1851 and was elected to the Indiana Senate in 1859, serving one term.
Until his death in 1864 Hamilton remained active in business as president of the Fort Wayne branch of the Indiana State Bank and of the Allen Hamilton National Bank in Fort Wayne. He resided at "Veraestau" and is buried in Lindenwood Cemetery.
In 1861 Hamilton donated land for a baseball field at the corner of Lewis Street and Calhoun Street in Fort Wayne. where the Fort Wayne Kekiongas and other teams practiced and played.
Hamilton was the father of Andrew H. Hamilton, a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was the grandfather of author Edith Hamilton, whose books on mythology have become classics, and Alice Hamilton, a pioneer in American industrial medicine and the first woman on the Harvard University medical faculty. His great-grandson, Holman Hamilton, is noteworthy for a two-volume biography of President Zachary Taylor.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Mental Health Awareness Month in the United States has been recognized every year in May since in 1949. It was originally started by the National Association for Mental Health, now known as Mental Health America.
“Mental Health Awareness Month” is used interchangeably with “Mental Health Month,” and the goals are to raise awareness about mental illness, offer screenings, and reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues so more people will get tested and seek treatment.
Mental Health Awareness Month in May
Why is Mental Health Awareness Month Necessary?
Being human means there will undoubtedly be times of sadness, grief, tension, and stress. It is inescapable. Everyone should understand there is absolutely no shame in struggling with poor mental health.
This is why it’s so important during Mental Health Awareness Month in May to foster understanding and educate people about the prevalence of mental illnesses.
Poor mental health is far more common than most people realize. Knowing that we are not alone in our struggles can be reassuring, since a hallmark of depression and other mental health conditions is feeling isolated or alone.
Nearly 47 million adults in the U.S., around one in five people, live with a mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Amidst the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020 may be a particularly difficult year for the mental health of many millions more than usual. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a section of their website dedicated to coping with the Coronavirus.
Not only is there the fear of contracting the disease and getting sick as some states try to gradually return to normal, but there is the added mental stress of social isolation that comes with “stay at home” orders that many people are still living under.
This Mental Health Awareness Month, it’s more important than ever to stay grounded in good in habits and keep an open ear for anyone else in need.
Here are 5 Ways to Keep a Healthy Mind During Mental Health Awareness Month
1. Keep a Regular Routine
Keeping a regular routine may sound simple, but as many people are at home right now or out of work because of the pandemic, it’s easy for some people to fall into an unproductive rut.
Try basic things at first, like managing regular sleep practices, as well as going to bed and rising at the same time each day. Making the bed as soon as you wake up will offer a sense of accomplishment and a victory to begin each day.
Write a schedule for each day, making sure to include time for relaxation, but also listing activities that make you feel productive and beneficial.
Staying consistent and feeling useful is certainly an important key for safeguarding a healthy mind.
2. Exercise and Stay Active
It can be a challenge to exercise and stay active without access to a gym or an ability to go to the park or our favorite hiking trail.
There are other ways, though, to keep active. Don’t be afraid of moving the furniture around to make more room for a free online workout.
If cardio isn’t your thing, try limbering up with some yoga instruction. Even a little bit of consistent exercise will do wonders for our mental health.
If at all possible, get outside for at least 20 minutes or more each day, even if it’s only in the back yard. Fresh air can have a positive impact, and a dose of Vitamin D from the sun is good for the immune system.
Natural Vitamin D from sunlight also increases the release of feel-good neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin to improve mood and ward off depression.
5 Ways to Keep a Healthy Mind During Mental Health Awareness Month
3. Connect With Other People
If possible, stay in touch with family and friends by doing videoconferences on either the computer or a smartphone.
There are also excellent tele-health resources for people who feel that they may need some counseling.
If video conferencing is not something you can comfortably manage, simply talking on the phone can keep us feeling more connected and less isolated.
In addition to the healthy benefits of connecting with others, knowing that friends and family members are safe and healthy will reduce the stress and anxiety of wondering how they are doing.
4. Be Willing to Help Others
Being able and willing to help others can take many different forms. It may be that a friend is struggling and needs to talk about what they are going through. Be an open and nonjudgmental sounding board for them.
As some cities and states slowly lift stay-at-home orders and “open back up,” there are still vulnerable communities like the elderly that will need assistance.
Take the opportunity to check-in with people and see if you can provide help in any way, while wearing a mask and keeping a safe a healthy “social distance” from them.
Helping others triggers the mesolimbic system in the brain and promotes feelings of reward and releases neurotransmitters that make us happy.
5. Maintain a Healthy Diet
Feeling physically energetic is a fixture of good mental health. It’s easy to slip into the habit of eating more salty and sugary processed snacks than actual healthy meals.
Go out of your way to cook balanced meals in healthy proportions and avoid drinking too much alcohol, which negatively affects sleep and leads to a decline in mental health.
Eating fruits and vegetables might not provide the initial satisfaction that we feel from heavy comfort foods, but the good effects last much longer without the sluggish crash that arrives shortly after eating.
It’s okay to cheat every once in a while as long as it’s in moderation and doesn’t become an unhealthy habit.
Reach Out During Mental Health Month
If you feel like your mental health has been lagging, use Mental Health Awareness
Month in May
to launch a whole new set of lifestyle choices that will benefit you not just during this trying time, but in everyday life.
For others who may be struggling, this is an ideal time to reach out and let them know you are available to help in any way you can.
Sometimes merely being a comforting ear for them to speak with can make a huge difference in helping others get through difficult times. Simply listening to them might be just the prescription they need.
Use the following Mental Health Awareness Month hashtags in social media to make it easier for others to follow along:
#MentalHealthAwarenessMonth
#MentalHealthMonth
#EndTheStigma
#BreakTheStigma
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of Family Guy episodes/archive1
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured list nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The list was promoted by Dabomb87 12:53, 21 September 2010.
List of Family Guy episodes
* Nominator(s): Gage (talk) 01:08, 4 September 2010 (UTC)
I am nominating this for featured list because I believe it meets the FL criteria. I hope to address any concerns about the list, as best as possible. Gage (talk) 01:08, 4 September 2010 (UTC)
* Support — All of mine and Dan's concerns have been addressed, great work on the list. Nomader (Talk) 19:48, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comment—no dab links, no dead external links. Ucucha 10:13, 4 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comment - You've address all of my concerns. Great work. Once you address Nomader's comment concerning citations for season nine, I will support. --Dan Dassow (talk) 19:30, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
* Support - Pedro J. took care of the remaining known issue. I replaced the link for ref 124 (Pedro's citaiton) with a non-redirecting link. --Dan Dassow (talk) 19:41, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
* Support Great work to both Gage and Pedro, the article looks great, and is extremely well sourced, good work guys! C T J F 8 3 chat 20:53, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comments
* Since this list uses information already present on the season pages, I would suggest using sublists to keep the data consistent.
* We used to have that but it was changed by Gage quoteing him on the reason "it eliminated a lot of the unnecessary formatting that came with the previous template". -- Pedro J. the rookie 22:06, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* I also notice that episode ratings are missing. They should be included in the list.
* That is completely a matter of opinion. For no reason should they be required to be included in the episode templates, especially since ratings for the first three seasons are nonexistent. Gage (talk) 22:11, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Eight seasons have aired. Without them the list does not meet the criteria of comprehensiveness. Ω pho is 22:30, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Please inform me where in the criteria it states that ratings have anything to do with comprehensiveness. Gage (talk) 22:40, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* The definition of the word "comprehensive". Ω pho is 01:14, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* You still have yet to explain why ratings would be considered comprehensive according to the FL criteria. Gage (talk) 02:31, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* "It comprehensively covers the defined scope, providing at least all of the major items". As Bignole has already pointed out, the article has no reception information, which is pertinent to episodes. Ω pho is 03:19, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Done. Gage (talk) 03:54, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I feel that the Key explaining production numbers is overly detailed and should be trimmed.
* That was completely based on the Keys from other featured lists. Gage (talk) 22:13, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Trimed them minnamaly. -- Pedro J. the rookie 22:16, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* The heading links should be removed since Main Article tags are used.
* Done. Gage (talk) 22:19, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* The DVD section should include Region 2 and 4 releases, as well as any Blu-Ray or HD DVD releases.
* Done. Blu-Ray have always been released on the same day as the DVD. HD does not exist. Gage (talk) 23:26, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* The table still only lists DVD's. If Blu-ray is released the same day, it should be noted and sourced. You should also take note that Blu-Ray regions are different than DVD's. Ω pho is 01:14, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* The only Blu-Ray released has been added. Gage (talk) 04:26, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Sorry, didn't notice that section. "It's a Trap!" will also be released on Blu-ray, so it would be better and more visually appealing to just create a separate table for Blu-ray releases. Ω pho is 21:32, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I was considering giving its own table, but considering only one Blu-ray has been released, with only one more planned at the moment, I think a table would be largely unnecessary. Gage (talk) 05:24, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* The list of awards should probably be removed since this is just a list of episodes.
* When the awards specifically refer to the episodes themselves, it is a matter of interest, and should be included in the list. Gage (talk) 22:15, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* The lead uses the phrase "However, reruns on Turner Broadcasting Cartoon Network's block called Adult Swim drove up interest..." I think it would be more appropriate to phrase it "However, reruns on the Cartoon Network block Adult Swim drove up interest..."
* Done Pedro J. the rookie 22:06, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* "FOX" should be listed as "Fox" . Ω pho is 21:23, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Done. -- Pedro J. the rookie 22:06, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* There are no sources listed for the production codes. Ω pho is 22:31, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Done. Pedro J. the rookie 23:35, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
* Right now most of the cells are aligned to the left. #, airdates, writers, and directors should be centered to be more visually appealing. Ω pho is 01:14, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* That is a matter of opinion. Gage (talk) 02:31, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* The tables also are of different sizes. They should all be the same width. Ω pho is 01:16, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* That is unfixable, due to the length of several of the episode titles. Gage (talk) 02:31, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* The width can be set to 100%. Ω pho is 03:15, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Due to my computer's small screen resolution, despite adding a width of 100%, they all still look the same as they did previously. Please let me know if a difference was made. Gage (talk) 03:30, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Yep. Ω pho is 03:37, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I also agree with Bignole's concern of the order of the column titles. It would be more appropriate for airdate and production code to be placed last. Ω pho is 21:33, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Done. Gage (talk) 04:31, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Support Ω pho is 06:41, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
That format is fine. Isn't Lacey Chabert the voice actress for Meg in the first season? BIGNOLE (Contact me) 12:08, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comment - The lead is really good, but appears to go into a bit too much detail about the show being cancelled and the reasons FOX brought it back. The lead should summarize the article, not introduce a lot of new information that isn't covered in this article in more depth. I think you could trim it down to a basic understanding that the show was cancelled, but audience (use "audience" over "fan", as it's more professional) response over re-runs on Adult Swim led to it being renewed in 2004. I'd cut the "100th" episode info. It's irrelevant on this page, and all TV shows go into syndication with their 100th episode. It's the criteria for syndication. Also, you seem to go into specifics on who won which awards and for what episode in the lead. Again, too much material being introduced for what is really just a summary page. They key is to "summarize". I would trim some of that out, and then think about adding a brief mention of the voice actors who voice the main characters. I know MacFarlane voices a lot of people, but it's kind of important to point that basic info out. Lastly, why are seasons 4 onward containing a source for every individual who wrote and directed an episode? It's unnecessary since they have aired and the episodes themselves can verify the info. At best, you'd just need a single source (like TV Guide or MSN) at the top of each season table where we can verify the episodes for that season. BIGNOLE (Contact me) 02:13, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* A source for each writer was added because it was requested. Gage (talk) 02:39, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I don't know who requested a source for each writer for each episode in the manner in which it is presented, but that's simply overboard. Plus, it's inconsistent since the first 3 seasons are not like that. Find an episode guide source (e.g., TV Guide, MSN, etc.) and just list it at the top of each season table. There is no need to list it next to every single name. In addition, shouldn't "Air date" and "Production #" come after "Title", "Director", and "Writer"? They're far less important than the other three categories. I would also say that the page needs some ratings info. In the least, maybe a section for season averages and ranks. Otherwise, there's no reception on this page, and just about every LOE page that's FL that I can think of covers reception in some way. BIGNOLE (Contact me) 02:50, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* To my knowledge, such a source is nonexistent. Gage (talk) 02:52, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* This doesn't exist? You're using it in the article already to source the writers and directors. The difference is, you're applying it to every specific episode page. Just link to the overall episode guide. You are not required to link to every specific episode page for something non-controversial as a list of the people that wrote and directed the episodes. Just list each season's page in the season table itself. Anyone that needs to check a name can click the source and then click the episode itself. BIGNOLE (Contact me) 02:56, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I guarantee if I had linked it in that manner previously, that it would have been unacceptable. Regardless, I've changed the article to your suggested format. Gage (talk) 03:25, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* Well, technically if there isn't a direct quote being sourced, then in-line citations are not required by any policy or guideline. They are suggested, but not required. So, in theory, if there are no quotes in the article all your sources can simply be listed at the bottom of the page (just in case anyone every says "they have to be next to every statement" - not true, unless you're dealing with a quotation). But, just listing in the table makes it the best of both worlds. ;) BIGNOLE (Contact me) 03:56, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
* I've reorganized the list's lead, basing it on several other featured lists. I was reluctant to mention the show's cast, but I was considering the following format: father Peter (Seth MacFarlane), mother Lois (Alex Borstein), daughter Meg (Mila Kunis), son Chris (Seth Green), baby Stewie (Seth MacFarlane) and Brian (Seth MacFarlane), the family pet. Gage (talk) 07:33, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Yes. How should it be indicated? Gage (talk) 19:17, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Well, if Kunis didn't take over till season 2, then you don't need to mention her at all. She wasn't part of this season if she didn't do any episodes in it. If she did, then I would probably indicate Chabert first with a note later indicating that Kunis took over later in the first season. I don't know when she took over, I just recall that Chabert voiced her first. If she only voiced her in two episodes, or something like that, then do the reverse. Leave Kunis and note later that Chabert voiced initially, but was replaced at the start of the season. BIGNOLE (Contact me) 19:31, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Chabert only voiced Meg for the first eight episodes. Since then, she has been voiced by Kunis in the latest 139. Gage (talk) 19:38, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* For some reason I kept thinking I was looking at the page for season 1. Duh, this is for all the seasons. I think you're find the way you currently have it, with both listed. BIGNOLE (Contact me) 19:48, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* That's what I figured, actually, as I wasn't really sure why you suggested Kunis shouldn't be mentioned. Gage (talk) 19:52, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* Comment there are redirects that need to be fixed like Cartoon Network (United States) which redirects to Cartoon Network. JJ98 (Talk) 21:11, 11 September 2010 (UTC)
* Per WP:R2D, you aren't supposed to fix redirects that don't change the appearance of the text. Courcelles 21:48, 11 September 2010 (UTC)
* I would like to support but the seasons section lacks Blu-Ray releases, and the two episodes in the DVD column seem to be placed in the wrong place; try renaming the column as Volume/Special or something more appropriate. Also, there is no reason not to have all the tables with identical column widths. Nergaal (talk) 17:43, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
* There has only been one Blu-ray released, and one that has yet to be released. Both of those are indicated already. Fixed the header. And the widths all look the same to me, due to my small screen resolution, so I would be unable to fix whatever you are noticing without some sort of guidance. Gage (talk) 19:24, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
* The solution for varying width is to set a fixed width for #, airdate and prod #, and explicitly set the other widths with % (now, the widths vary because the names of the episodes and directors vary among seasons and the browser tries to equalize the empty space. As for Blu-rays, it might be worth saying explicitly saying that only the two specials have been released in Blu-ray; I for example would have expected to have more than just those released by now. Nergaal (talk) 22:32, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
* Would you mind adding the widths to the first season table, so I can use it as an example for the remaining eight? And I believe I tried something similar to this a while ago, and it ended up messing it up on my computer, but it may look fine on larger screens. And I added the Blu-ray line. Gage (talk) 22:58, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
* Your size reccomendations have been added. Gage (talk) 21:29, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
* Support Nergaal (talk) 10:43, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
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Talk:D'où viens-tu, bergère?
reference missing information
Regarding the reference - The Traditional Book of Carols - the only information given was the title. If someone has access to this book, could you get the other specifics required to make it a full reference? Thnx. Nihola (talk) 16:57, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
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Messages - Mike King
Pages: [1] 2 3 ... 57
1
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: December 01, 2022, 09:32:26 AM »
For others following along this thread. We forwarded a minor change to the binding logic that addressed this loss of focus issue on buttons/links that reload the grid they are part of. The change will included in our next update.
2
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 29, 2022, 01:42:20 PM »
Are you changing the cell with focus to a button/link or changing another cell on the same row?
Also how are you changing the cell type? If you are simply hiding one control in the cell and then making another visible, then the system would have no idea as to where to send focus since the control with focus still exists -- its just hidden.
The logic is designed such that if the control with focus gets deleted and re-created we put focus back on the control. But if the control still exists and is hidden, then the system will try to put focus back on it. So if you hide an input field in a grid cell and create (or make visible) a button to replace it, the system has no way to know where to send focus.
3
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 28, 2022, 02:15:52 PM »
We made a small change to the webster JavaScript on our server. Please refresh your browser (CTRL-F5) and see if that resolves your focus issue.
4
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 25, 2022, 09:51:19 AM »
As a follow up, If you are updating the cell that currently has focus such that the cell (or row) has to be reloaded you generally will have to use the 'Focus(variable_name$) method to set the focus to the cell/control.
There is no easy way for the system to guess at where you want focus to go when making changes to control that currently has focus so when doing this is is a good idea to force focus.
When forcing focus to a grid cell the name of the variable will be GGGGG-RRR-VVVVV where GGGGG Is the name of the grid, RRR is the row number, and VVVVV is the variable name (e.g. "mygrid-3-accttype$")
5
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 25, 2022, 08:08:26 AM »
Okay, it appears the issue you are changing the cell contents for the cell that currently has focus?
6
Godaddy used to have a page that would allow you to create a CSR, otherwise you should be able to use OpenSSL to create your CSR and private key.
7
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 21, 2022, 05:11:48 PM »
Can you advise what the issue is with tabindex? We have tried a number of variations and it seemed to work for us.
8
Programming / Re: Passing a COM Object to a CMD
« on: November 21, 2022, 10:52:31 AM »
Just thought I'd take a moment and provide a code example:
Code: [Select]
!
! *cmd/showobj
!
ENTER ! Make the call a Perform
LOCAL x$ ! Save X$
ENTER x$
x$=STP(x$,2)
LOCAL objid=EVN(x$)
PRINT "For object:",objid
PRINT objid'*
END
Save the above in *cmd/showobj then you can issue "showobj varname"
Where varname is a variable with the handle to the object.
9
Programming / Re: Passing a COM Object to a CMD
« on: November 20, 2022, 10:32:13 AM »
There are a couple of ways to handle this.
One option is at the start of the *cmd program, before issuing the ENTER Var$ to get the arguments, issue an ENTER with no arguments. This will flip the program from a CALL to a PERFORM allowing you to evaluate the value passed.
10
Nomads / Re: Data Dictionary File Sizing
« on: November 09, 2022, 01:38:14 PM »
For Fixed length records its a bit different. We still create blocks of keys but the records themselves are not put into blocks. Basically when the file is created we have a 512 file header and at least key block. Additional blocks can also be created to hold the data dictionary. The first record is then created following these blocks and as additional key blocks are needed they are intermixed with the fixed length records.
Free space on a FLR is reclaimed using a linked list of deleted records.
11
Nomads / Re: Data Dictionary File Sizing
« on: November 09, 2022, 11:24:00 AM »
Technically BB since its origin didn't impose field lengths only record size lengths. This is because each field was delimited by a field separator character as opposed to having a preset position in the record.
This remains the same today meaning if you declare a record with say a company name field of 30 characters, your application could write 31 or more into the field as long as the total record length remained below the record size defined (basically stealing the extra bytes from the space set aside for other fields).
In PxPlus VLR files the record size is really just used to setup the buffers used to hold the records while being read/written. The active data in this record buffer is what it read from/written to the data blocks -- so over estimating the record size has no real impact on the actual file size. The file size is really impacted by the actual record size required to hold the data fields.
Now there is one 'caveat' to this. When using the DD and you plan to use ODBC to access you data, make sure you define the correct maximum field size. If you declared a field as 30 bytes long but actually wrote 35, most programs (e.g. Excel) will use the declared field length to define a buffer to hold the data and will get an error on the record where the data exceeds the defined length.
Lastly, if desired, you can enable data verification in PxPlus where it will verify the data you are writing to the file adheres to the field definition. This would include length, type (number/string), and even validation rulese.
12
Nomads / Re: Data Dictionary File Sizing
« on: November 08, 2022, 09:49:06 PM »
When a file is created the system attempts to use the key size(s) and record size to estimate a buffer file.
The file itself (VLR or EFF) consists of a header (512 bytes) followed by fixed size blocks which can contain keys and/or records. When the file is created it will contain the 512 byte header, a block for space management and at least one block for the data dictionary. When the first record is added the system will add the first key block and the first data block -- meaning a 1 record file will require 4 blocks plus the 512 byte file header or typically 16.5K based on a 4K blocks.
As records are added to the file the data will be added to data blocks into which have enough room for the record data. To allow for record expansion only blocks which have more than the thresh hold percentage (default 10%). So for example assuming you have a 4K block size the system will not consider blocks with less than about 400 bytes for new records based on a 10% thresh hold.
Data records, which vary in size, will be packed into the blocks using only the space required for the data.
File keys will be also placed in the blocks, where the number of keys per block will be determined based on key size plus 5 bytes for the record pointer.
Hopefully this answers your question
13
Web Services / Re: Setup EZWeb server on RedHat Linux 8.x Server
« on: November 08, 2022, 03:29:47 PM »
You just set the global variable %CONTENT_TYPE$=... in your code that is generating the response.
14
Webster Plus / Re: Event within grid not triggering
« on: November 08, 2022, 10:31:54 AM »
We will have a look at the issue with the tabindex and also checkout the download library.
Just to confirm, what version PxPlus are you running?
15
Language / Re: Window Size Maximums
« on: November 07, 2022, 03:46:17 PM »
Technically you can now have windows greater than 255 columns wide, however some internal values (such as the FIB/MSE variables) which are limited to 1 byte will not properly reflect the window dimensions or co-ordinates. If your program logic uses these 1 byte values they will get the wrong values.
We adapted our logic in Nomads to use OBJ(0) byte 33 for 2 and 35 for 2 to get the window sizes. Similarly logic reading the mouse location did not use the line/col value in MSE but rather divided the X position by the character width and Y position by the line height.
Pages: [1] 2 3 ... 57
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:The Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of the British Empire Part 2.djvu/234
98 DYKE. hislehurst, Kent; she d. 27 Xov. 1847, having had with other sue 8 sons and 4 daus. 1] Sir Percyvall, s. as 6th Baronet. 21 Thomas Hart, rector of Long Xewton, CO. Durham, and iillingstone. Kent; b. 11 Dec. 1801; d. 2.5 June, 1866, having 1 4 Feb. 1833. Elizabeth, 2nd dau. of Thomas Fairfax, of
* e'.rton Kyme.Torks. (B. Fairfax), and had 3 sons and a dau.
(1) Thomas. B.A. C.E. ; b. 1 April, 1834; m. 26 Feb. 1863 G€orgina Isabella Russell, youngest dau. of Robert Edward Fullerton, Esq. of Sheethonger Manor, co. Wore and has a son and 3 daus. , _ _,. .,, Percival Hart, b. 24 Aug. 1872.— Ethel Frances.— Wimfred- Evelvn.—Theophania Louisa. 4. v. i (2) Percival Hart, rector of Compton Abbas, Dorset; D. i June. 183.5; m. 12 Jan. 1864, Margaret Isabella, 4th dau. of late Robert John Peel, Esq. of Bm-ton-upon-Trent (Bart.), and has a son and 2 daus. ,,, , t Robert Percyvall Hart, b. 3 Nov. 1864.— Mabel Lomsa.— Maud CecUia. (3) Francis Hart, b. 5 July, 1838. (4) Theophania Anne, d. 1845. 3] John Dixon, J.P. Kent ; b. 9 Jan. 1803 ; m. 10 Feb. 1836, Jillicent, youngest dau. of Isaac Minet, Esq. of Bald^-yns, Cent, and had 8 sons and 3 daus. „ ^ „ », -, (1) John Dixon, incumbent of St. James, CamberweU; b. 31 Oct. 1836. ^ ^ . -, ^ t (2) Edward Hart, major R.A. served at siege and capture of Lucknow during Indian Mutiny; b. 11 Xov. 1837. (3) Frederick Hotham, major (h. p.) 69th regt. garrison instructor east district; b. 6 Feb. 1840. (4) Charles James, major R. InniskiUing fusiliers, late capt. 108th regt. d.AAG. (musketry) Bombay army; b. 22 April, 1842. (5) Augustus Hai-t, royal mail P.S.; b. 23 Mar. 1843. (6) Reginald Hart, b. 15 Sept. 1844. (7) (Jeorge Hai-t. capt. 5th fusiUers; b. 21 Jan. 1847. (8) Henry Hart, lieut. R.X.; b. 26 Mar. 1848. (9) iliUicent. (10) JuUa. (11) Matilda. 4] Francis Hart, Queen's proctor; b. 28 Xov. 1803; d. 17 July, 876, having m. 1 Dec. 1835, his cousin Charlotte Lascelles, ■oungest dau. of Sir Herbert Jenner, first judge of thepreroga- ive court of Canterbury, and had a son and 3 daus. (1) Edwin Francis, vicar of Orpington, Kent ; b. 27 Sept. 1843; m. 22 Nov. 1870, Katharine Louisa, 3rd dau. of Sir Frederick Currie, Bart. (2) Charlotte Elizabeth, d. 28 May, 1865, having m. 9 June, 1864. as 1st wife, to Hon. Frederick Bamewell Best, son of "WiUiam Samuel, 2nd Baron Wynford; he d. 5 Jan. 1876. (3) Evelyn Ellen. (4) AUce Frances. [5] George Hart, lieut.-col. E.I.C.S.; b. 5 Dec. 1804; d. unm. 13 Mav, 1846. [6] Peche Hart, capt. R.> F.R.G.S.; b. 21 Kov. 1805; m. 13 Jan. 1853, Annette Augusta, youngest dau. of Frederick Richard Coore, Esq. [7] Augustus Hart, lieut.-col. E.I.C.S.; d. unm. 23 Oct. 1878. [8] Decimus Townshend Dyke, unm. [9] Harriet Jenner m. 11 June, 1836, to Rev. Nicholas (Fiott) Lee, vicar of Edgware, who assumed the name and arms of Lee, by Act of ParUament, as heir to the entailed estates of Hartwell, Bucks. Colworth, Beds, and Totteridge, Herts; he d. 1858, having had a son and 4 daus. (1) Edward Dyke LEE, of HartweU, Bucks, and Totteridge Park, Herts, J.P. capt. royal Bucks mil. b. 16 Sept. 1843. (2) Louisa Annie, m. Feb. 18G5, to AVilUam Richard Luard, Esq. of London. (3) Harriett .Sarah. (4) Philadeljjhia Biiiee, m. 24 Oct. 1876, to Capt. Liebert Edward Goodall, 59th regt. and capt. royal N. Glouc. mil. onlv surrtving son of Rev. James Joseph GoodaU, of Dinton Hail, Bucks. J.P. (5) Fanny Charlotte. [10] (Scorgiana Frances, m. 18 Oct. 1842, to 'WiUiam Fox, Esq. of London, who d. s. p. 5 Nov. 1868. [11] Laura, m. 9 Feb. 1847, to Rev. Thomas Prankerd Phelps, M.A. hon. canon of Rochester, rural dean and rector of Ridley, Kent, and has 3 sons, (1) Henry George Hart PHELPS, b. 17 Nov. 1849. (2) Herbert Dampier, b. 24 July, 1851. (3) Lancelot Ridley, b. 3 Nov. 1853. [12] Philadelphia, m. 1st— 11 May, 1847, to Rev. James Mac- kenzie, son of Sir George .Stewart Mackenzie, Bart, of Coul, CO. Ross ; he d. s. p, 20 Aug. 1857. She re-m. 19 Oct. 1858, as 2nd wife, to WiUiam Thomas Knapp, Esq. of the Hill, AVolverley. SIR PERCTYALL HART, 6tll Baronet; b. 9 June, 1799; d. 12 Nov. 1875, having m. 12 Jvme, 1835, Elizabeth, youngest dau. of John WeUs, Esq. of Bickley, Kent, and had 4 sons and 6 daus. (1) Percyvall Hart, lieut. rifle brigade; b. 29 Aug. 1836; d. in the Crimea, 19 April, 1855. (2) Sir ■William Hart, 7th and present Baronet. (3) George Augustus Hart, b. 27 Sept. 1847. (4) Reginald Charles Hart, b. 1 May, 1851. (5) Frances Juha, m. 24 July, 1877, as 2nd %vife,to Abel Smith, Esq. of Woodhall Park, Herts. ll.P. (B. Carrdcgtox). (6) Eleanor Laura. (7) Catherine Sybella. (8) SvbeUa Catherine. (9) Emily Anne, d. 4 Jan. 1880. (10) Gertrude. I
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WIKI
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John Deere Powershift transmission
The John Deere PowerShift transmission was an eight-speed semi-automatic transmission without a torque converter, used in John Deere tractors, including the iconic John Deere Model 4020. The Powershift is not to be confused with similar John Deere transmissions (including the Quad-Range and the PowrQuad ), or with the Ford Ultra Command Powershift or the Allis Chalmers Power Director.
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WIKI
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Enhanced UV transparency in phosphate glasses: Via multi-wall carbon nanotubes
José A. Jiménez, University of North Florida
Mariana Sendova, New College of Florida
Esteban Rosim Fachini, Universidad de Puerto Rico
Chunqing Zhao, University of North Florida
Abstract
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes are systematically explored for the first time as a means to obtain an enhanced ultraviolet (UV) transparency in melt-quenched phosphate glasses. An optical characterization is carried out by UV/Vis transmission and photoluminescence spectroscopy including time-resolved measurements. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman microspectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to further investigate the source of the improved UV light transmission. The data suggest that the formation of P-O-C bonds is connected to the enhanced UV transparency. A model is presented accounting for the incorporation of carbon into the phosphate network facilitated by the creation of intermediate reactive oxygen species.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Here's Why I Just Bought More Roku Stock
When Netflix (NASDAQ: NFLX) reported its first-quarter 2022 financial results on April 19, it showed that the business lost 200,000 subscribers in the quarter. To make matters worse, management expects to lose 2 million customers in the current quarter. The pandemic surge that it experienced in 2020 appears to have come to a screeching halt; shares are down 67% this year alone.
Slowing growth for the streaming pioneer has forced Reed Hastings, Netflix's co-founder and co-chief executive officer, and his team to publicly mention for the first time that the business will explore a lower-priced, advertising-based subscription option. Let's look at why this announcement by Netflix has actually caused me to buy more Roku (NASDAQ: ROKU) stock.
Netflix will explore a cheaper, ad-supported tier
Netflix's management had long turned down the idea of ever making this move, deciding to serve its users with the best viewing experience, something that ads would ruin.
Now, the leadership team's tone is focused on providing different choices. It's surprising that management changed its strategy. But when the business isn't adding 25 million subscribers a year, as it did for the past few years before 2021, achieving growth by any means is the goal.
I think it makes sense, though. Another popular streaming service, Walt Disney's Hulu, already offers consumers a cheaper tier with ads. eMarketer estimates that Hulu will generate $3.1 billion in ad revenue this year. That's impressive for a service that only counted 45.3 million members as of Jan. 1.
Image source: Getty Images.
Therefore, it's not difficult to see the incremental revenue opportunity for Netflix. Plus, as the business starts to crack down on password sharing (it says that 100 million households use other people's accounts), Netflix could offer a cheap option to capture these new customers instead of losing them.
It's worth mentioning that Netflix has said it plans to use a third-party ad-tech platform to pursue this initiative. "We can be a straight publisher and have other people do all of the fancy ad-matching and integrate all the data about people," Hastings said on the first-quarter 2022 earnings call. Netflix plans to launch an ad-supported tier within the next year or two.
Roku makes money off ads
This announcement by Netflix immediately puts Roku in the most powerful position in the entire streaming industry. Roku's platform business segment, which represented 88% of total revenue in the first quarter and carries a 58.7% gross margin, includes sales mainly from advertising on its platform. In other words, if a consumer sees an ad while watching a show or movie on a Roku device, Roku gets paid.
Currently, Roku can only make money from Netflix if someone signs up for a Netflix membership from a Roku device. However, if Netflix ultimately launches a cheaper ad-based version of its service, Roku's revenue opportunity with the world's biggest streaming-content provider skyrockets. That's because the typical contract Roku enters into with content companies is to take 30% of any ad revenue. The potential ad inventory with Netflix could be massive.
Furthermore, the majority of streaming time takes place on a TV. And for Roku, as the No. 1 streaming platform (by hours streamed) in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, this is clearly beneficial.
As you can probably tell, my opinion is that Roku's competitive position in the streaming landscape is poised to become stronger as Netflix plans to introduce a lower-priced, ad-supported subscription tier in the face of a major slowdown in membership growth. And because Roku's stock has gotten absolutely hammered and is down 81% since last July, buying shares recently was a no-brainer decision for me.
Roku now looks like the best pure-play streaming stock investors can own.
10 stocks we like better than Roku
When our award-winning analyst team has a stock tip, it can pay to listen. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has tripled the market.*
They just revealed what they believe are the ten best stocks for investors to buy right now… and Roku wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.
See the 10 stocks
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Neil Patel has positions in Roku. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Netflix, Roku, and Walt Disney. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2024 $145 calls on Walt Disney and short January 2024 $155 calls on Walt Disney. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Baby teeth are there to take up the role of chewing until adult teeth are ready to move in. Since they're only temporary, parents sometimes think that it doesn't matter too much if they develop cavities. After all, your child will have another shot when they get their adult teeth to do a better job with their oral health maintenance. However, it's important for your child's baby teeth to stay healthy — just as important as it will be for their adult teeth. Here's why.
Complications
When a child develops a cavity or another tooth problem in a baby tooth, it often doesn't stay in the baby tooth.
Sick teeth — like those with deep cavities — can develop infections that can spread into the gums. This can lead to gum disease at a very young age and cause pain and bleeding in the mouth of your child.
Cascading Failure
If gum disease weren't enough of a problem, then you might be alarmed to know that your child losing one baby tooth could result in the loss of more.
This is due to a combination of factors. One of them is gum disease. People with gum disease are more likely to lose teeth, so your child could end up experiencing a sort of cascading failure of multiple teeth going bad after the first one does.
Even without gum disease being to blame, it's possible for a tooth infection to spread to neighboring teeth. They're so close together — especially in a child's mouth — that it's quite easy for bacteria to start attacking neighboring teeth. Without dental care, it could result in the loss of far more than just one tooth.
Crookedness
Finally, your child's baby teeth don't just fall out and then make way for the adult teeth. They instead are there every step of the way on your child's path to developing adult teeth.
This is important because the baby teeth act as a guidepost for the adult teeth. As they're pushed out, the adult teeth move into where the baby tooth was. This results in straight, properly-aligned teeth when a child's tooth is intact and healthy.
If the baby tooth falls out before the adult tooth is ready to move in, it can instead come in crooked. This can lead to the need for braces later on in life.
It's very important to take good care of your child's oral hygiene or to ensure that they're doing it themselves. Make sure that they're going to the dentist on a regular basis for check-ups and cleanings to stay on top of their oral health.
For more information, contact a children's dentist in your area.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Olivet Gardens of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
Olivet Gardens of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park was founded in 1896, originally as the Mount Olivet Cemetery, and is located at 1601 Hillside Boulevard in Colma, California. Its name was changed later to Olivet Memorial Park, and updated again following its acquisition by Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in 2020.
History
Work on the 210 acre Mount Olivet Cemetery site was announced in November 1895; it was planned to be a non-sectarian cemetery on the western slopes of San Bruno Mountain which would be subdivided into sections reserved for fraternal organizations such as the Native Sons of the Golden West, Knights of Pythias, Improved Order of Red Men, and Ancient Order of Foresters. The site adjoins the older Hills of Eternity and Home of Peace Jewish cemeteries, separated by Hillside Boulevard, which was then known as San Bruno Avenue. At the time, it was the largest cemetery in California. The first interments were conducted in July 1896.
A branch line of the San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway was completed for Mount Olivet in 1898. By that time, the debate on keeping cemeteries within San Francisco had begun to trend toward relocating the dead, and the development of Mount Olivet and Cypress Lawn in Colma was given as evidence that community "will probably be made the receptacle for all the dead of [San Francisco] in the very near future." The San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a measure in 1902, banning new interments within city limits.
The oldest buildings onsite include the stone chapel (1896) and columbarium (1915), both designed by William H. Crim Jr.
There are two large memorials at Olivet: one dedicated to the Sailors Union of the Pacific by Governor Earl Warren in 1946 in memory of the 6,000 United States Merchant Marine sailors who died in World War II, and another named "Showman's Rest", erected by the Showfolks of America in 1945. By that time, when Robert Royston was engaged to perform landscape architecture for the site, the name had been changed to Olivet Memorial Park. The cemetery was acquired by Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in 2020 and renamed to Olivet Gardens.
Notable burials
* Arthur Barker (1899–1939), son of Ma Barker and member of the Barker-Karpis gang
* Joseph Bowers (1896–1936), first man to attempt an escape from Alcatraz Island
* Virginia Brissac (1883–1979), actress
* Marguerite De La Motte (1902–1950), actress
* John J. De Haven (1845–1913), judge and congressman
* Danniebelle Hall (1938–2000), musician
* Ishi (1860–1916), last member of the Yahi people
* Harry Lundeberg (1901–1957), American labor leader
* Stephen A. Douglas Puter (1857–1931), criminal and author
* Gus Suhr (1906–2004), Major League Baseball player
* Samuel D. Woods (1845–1915), American politician
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Immediately after your baby has been born, you will start to experience a bloody discharge from your vagina called lochia. Lochia is made up of any debris, uterine lining or any bacteria left over from a delivery. All women will experience this bleeding regardless of how they delivered their babies, whether by a vaginal birth or c-section birth.
During the first 4 days you will usually experience bright red, heavy bleeding that is sometimes accompanied by clots. During this stage of the bleeding, you may find you are changing your pad quite often or find that your flow is heavier after you have breastfed or baby or have done any sort of physical activity such as going for a walk. You should always be paying attention to the colour and smell of your flow. If it is foul smelling or greenish in colour, this may indicate that you have an infection and you should consult with your doctor.
Also, it is important to note how often you are changing a pad. If you find you are soaking a pad, front to back in less than an hour or pass clots larger than a golf ball, this also needs to be brought to the attention of a doctor as you may be experiencing a postpartum hemorrhage or could have retained placenta.
Once the heavy bleeding is done, you will then experience your bleeding becoming lighter and the colour is more pink instead of a deep red. This can last up to 10 days after the birth. You will notice that as time goes on your flow becomes lighter and the colours can change from a deep red in the beginning to a lighter pink to a yellow or white discharge.
Bleeding can last for 6 weeks and in some cases up to 8 weeks.
If you have any concerns regarding your bleeding, please consult a doctor as soon as possible.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Zacharie Elenga
Zacharie Elenga was a virtuoso guitarist and one of the founding fathers of modern Congolese music. His unique style of playing led him to be popularly known as Jhimmy the Hawaiian, or simply Jhimmy.
Born in Brazzaville to a Congolese father and a mother from the Ubangi-Shari territory of Central African Republic, Zacharie Elenga initially had plans for the priesthood, but it is said that he had a fiery temperament and he was likely expelled from seminary by the priests. Subsequently he found employment, as a stenographer with the firm Solbena, a workshop that manufactured shirts, and was owned by Greek brothers Gabriel and Moussa Benathar. The Benathar brothers were proprietors of a number of businesses in the Belgian Congo and fortuitously they decided to launch the Opika recording company in challenge to the monopolistic Ngoma record label.
In 1947, Elenga had been living in the Usoke Street area near Leopoldville’s city center, and it was there that he met Paul Mwanga. The two formed a musical collaboration named, “Groupe Jhimmy na Mwanga” (The Jhimmy and Mwanga Group), with Elenga playing rhythm guitar and Mwanga contributing vocals. The Benathar brothers had found ready stars in the Zacharie Elenga and Paul Mwanga duo, and they were signed almost as soon as Opika’s doors opened in 1949. Elenga had a unique way of stringing his guitar, choosing to replace the D string with a second E string, and picking the notes with his thumb and forefinger in a style that he called, “Hawaiian.” Further, Zacharie Elenga named himself after American country legend Jimmy Rodgers, who he admired, but spelling Jhimmy with an “h.” Hence he came to be known amongst his fans as Jhimmy the Hawaiian.
While at Opika, Jhimmy joined a quintet including Paul Mwanga on vocals, Georges Doula, Albert Yamba-Yamba, and Francois ‘Gobi’ Boyimbo on guitars, and Etienne ‘Baskis’ Diluvila on percussion. In his first recording at Opika, “Ondruwe,” Jhimmy introduced the foxtrot to the Congolese public. This record with the song “Henriette” on the reverse side, featured Paul Mwana’s fine voice singing solo, but it was Jhimmy’s innovative playing style and advanced, harmonious composition that had substantial influence on other performers of the time. Between the years of 1950 and 1952 Jhimmy saw great success in his musical career, with popular fame reaching as far west as Gabon. He was even featured in a short film of the time, which was shown in Europe, called Jhimmy Chante (Jhimmy sings). In 1952, Jhimmy collaborated on some recordings with another Opika performer named Joseph Kabaselle, but these were to be the swan songs of his career and shortly after this he slipped into obscurity, never to record again.
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Talk:Organogermanium compounds in cross-coupling reactions
This topic is specialized
This methodology is not widespread and is not a core topic in organogermanium chemistry.--Smokefoot (talk) 13:01, 16 June 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Imarflex ICB-1500PRO Handleiding
Imarflex Blender ICB-1500PRO
Lees hieronder de 📖 handleiding in het Nederlandse voor Imarflex ICB-1500PRO (5 pagina's) in de categorie Blender. Deze handleiding was nuttig voor 4 personen en werd door 2 gebruikers gemiddeld met 4.5 sterren beoordeeld
Pagina 1/5
SPECIFICATION
MODEL NO. : ICB-1500Pro
RATED VOLTAGE : 230Va.c. 60Hz
POWER CONSUMPTION : 1500 Watts
IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
When using electrical appliances, basic safety precautions should always be followed,
including the following:
1. Read all instructions carefully.
2. Before using the unit, check if the voltage indicated corresponds with the
convenience outlet (230Va.c.).
3. Do not use two-way socket with other appliance.
4. Do not use any appliance with a damaged cord or plug. If the cord is damaged, it
should be replaced with the same type and size or bring the unit to the nearest
Imarex Authorized Service Center.
5. Do not place the unit near gas stove, electric stove or in a heated oven.
6. Put the unit on at surfaced; keep it away from the edge of counter to avoid
accident.
7. Children should be supervised to ensure that they do not play with the appliance.
8. This appliance is not intended for use by persons (including children) with reduced
physical, sensory or mental capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge,
unless they have been given supervision or instruction concerning use of the
appliances by a person responsible for their safety.
9. To protect against electric shock, do not immerse the base in water.
10. Blade is sharp, handle it carefully.
11. Do not put the blade assembly on the base without the plastic jar.
12. Do not use the blender if the plastic jar has a crack.
13. Do not use the unit for outdoor use.
14. Do not use this unit other than its intended use.
15. Save this instruction manual for future reference.
Motor Base
Rubber Foot
Jar Socket
Control Panel
Blade Assembly
Plastic Jar
Lid
Center Lid/Measuring Cup
DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
HOW TO ASSEMBLE
IMPORTANT: Your blender jar and blades are subject to wear during normal use. Always
inspect the jar for nicks, chips or cracks. Always inspect blades for broken, bent or loose
blades. Avoid using the r or blades damaged ja if .
Contact the Imarex Authorized Service Center to obtain evaluation and repair.
Make sure that the blender is unplugged. Place blender base on clean, dry surface to
keep foreign particles from being pulled up into motor during operation.
1. Place the Plastic Jar with Blade Assembly on the Motor Base and press down until
securely engaged.
2. Put the Center Lid on the Lid.
3. Secure the Lid into the Plastic Jar and press down.
Stirring
Stick
Product specificaties
Merk: Imarflex
Categorie: Blender
Model: ICB-1500PRO
Heb je hulp nodig?
Als je hulp nodig hebt met Imarflex ICB-1500PRO stel dan hieronder een vraag en andere gebruikers zullen je antwoorden
Handleiding Blender Imarflex
Handleiding Blender
Nieuwste handleidingen voor Blender
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Liberty Baptist Fellowship
Liberty Baptist Fellowship is a fellowship of independent Baptist churches that grew up around Jerry Falwell, Thomas Road Baptist Church of Lynchburg, Virginia, and Liberty University. Most pastors of the Fellowship are alumni of Liberty University. In 1994, the Liberty Baptist Fellowship had 100 churches, including the 21,000 member Thomas Road church, which was also affiliated with the Baptist Bible Fellowship International. In 1996, the Thomas Road church joined the newly formed Southern Baptist Conservatives of Virginia, thereby aligning itself with 3 Baptist bodies.
The Liberty Baptist Fellowship (LBF) was started in 1981 with the mission of planting New Testament local churches and endorsing chaplains in the military. Since then, hundreds of churches have been planted and 24 chaplains are currently serving around the world.
LBF pastors/churches and their full-time staff receive a scholarship to the External Degree Program at Liberty University and its schools. Many have taken advantage of this scholarship. In addition, students sent from churches to Liberty University receive a scholarship.
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Page:History of Greece Vol V.djvu/374
350 HISTOEY OF GREECE. But the recoriquest of Euboea was far from restoring Athene to the position which she had occupied before the fatal engage- ment of Koroneia. Her land empire was irretrievably gone, to- gether with her recently acquired influence over the Delphian oracle ; and she reverted to her former condition of an exclu- sively maritime potentate. For though she still continued to hold Nisaea and Pegs, yet her communication with the latter harbor was now cut oflP by the loss of Megara and its appertain- in «• territory, so that she thus lost her means of acting in the Corinthian gulf, and of protecting as well as of constraining her aUies in Achaia. Nor was the port of Niseea of much value to her, disconnected from the city to which it belonged, except as a post for annoying that city. Moreover, the precarious hold which she possessed over unwilling allies had been demonstrated in a manner likely to encourage similar attempts among her maritime subjects, — attempts which would now be seconded by Pelopon- nesian armies invading Attica. The fear of such a combination of embarrassments, and especially of an irresistible enemy car- rying ruin over the flourishing territory round Eleusis and Athens, was at this moment predominant in the Athenian mind. We shall find Perikles, at the beginning of the Peloponnesian war, fourteen years afterwards, exhausting all his persuasive force, and not succeeding without great difliculty, in prevailing upon his countrymen to endure the hardship of invasion, — even in defence of their maritime empire, and when events had been gradually so ripening as to render the prospect of war familiar, if not inevitable. But the late series of misfortunes had burst upon them so rapidly and unexpectedly, as to discourage even Athenian confidence, and to render the prospect of continued war full of gloom and danger. The prudence of Perikles would doubtless counsel the surrender of their remaining landed pos- sessions or aUiances, which had now become unprofitable, in order to purchase peace ; but we may be sure that nothing short of extreme temporary despondency could have induced the Athe- nian assembly to listen to such advice, and to accept the inglori- ous peace which followed. A truce for thirty years was con- cluded with Sparta and her aUies, in the beginning of 445 B.C., whereby Athens surrendered Nisaea, Pegs, Achaia, and Troezen,
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Page:The Surakarta (1913).djvu/242
was in furs when she came in the first time he had seen her so. Furs, which by contrast give a look of daintiness even to coarse women, increased with her the natural delicacy of her face. Hereford felt that, though she had just come in out of the sharp October air, she gave the impression of being paler and even more determined than when he had seen her the evening before. Whatever uneasiness or agitation McAdams thought he had observed in her manner now was gone.
Hereford had risen, surrendering the slight advantage over her it would have
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The Java EE 5 Tutorial
Building, Deploying, and Running the clientsessionmdb Example Using Ant
To build the application using Ant, do the following:
1. Start the Application Server, if it is not already running.
2. Go to the following directory:
tut-install/javaeetutorial5/examples/jms/clientsessionmdb/
3. To compile the source files and package the application, use the following command:
ant
The ant command creates the following:
The clientsessionmdb.ear file is created in the clientsessionmdb/dist directory.
To deploy the application and run the client, use the following command:
ant run
Ignore the message that states that the application is deployed at a URL.
The client displays these lines:
running application client container.
To view the bean output,
check <install_dir>/domains/domain1/logs/server.log.
The output from the enterprise beans appears in the server log (domain-dir/logs/server.log), wrapped in logging information. The Publisher session bean sends two sets of 18 messages numbered 0 through 17. Because of the message selector, the message-driven bean receives only the messages whose NewsType property is Sports or Opinion.
Undeploy the application after you finish running the client. Use the following command:
ant undeploy
To remove the generated files, use the following command in the clientsessionmdb, clientsessionmdb-app-client, and clientsessionmdb-ejb directories:
ant clean
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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William Goodfellow (philanthropist)
Sir William Goodfellow (26 May 1880 – 5 November 1974) was a New Zealand hardware merchant, dairying industrialist, company director and philanthropist. He was born in Alexandra, Waikato, New Zealand, on 26 May 1880.
In the 1953 Coronation Honours, Goodfellow was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for service to the dairy industry. In 1994, he was an inaugural inductee into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
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Volodymyr Shapoval
Volodymyr Nikiforovych Shapoval (Володимир Никифорович Шаповал, 9 April 1934 – 25 November 2023) was a Ukrainian politician who served as a Member of the Verkhovna Rada from 1990 to 1994.
Biography
As a Soviet and communist activist, he was a chairman of the executive committee of the Cherkasy regional council.
He had been the deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR of the 10th and 11th convocations. At the same time, from December 1979 - September 1991, he was the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Cherkasy Regional Council of People's Deputies.
He was a member of the Audit Commission of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1986 to 1990.
On 18 March 1990, he was elected People's Deputy of Ukraine, 2nd round, 56.13% of votes, 4 applicants. He was sworn into office on 15 May.
From March to September 1991, the chairman of the Cherkasy Regional Council of People's Deputies.
He was a member of the "Agrarians" and "For Social Justice" groups. He was a member of the Commission of the Verkhovna Rada on issues of the agro-industrial complex.
He was a ember of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine from 1990 until 1991.
Shapoval died on 25 November 2023, at the age of 89.
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WIKI
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Spotify and Warner Music are fighting, so Spotify users in India can’t listen to Cardi B or Ed Sheeran
The music business is booming, for real. Buoyed by streaming, sales have been growing for the least three years, and music labels, which once looked DOA, are hot properties again. But that doesn’t mean everyone in the music business is feeling good. Which is why Spotify, the world’s dominant music subscription service, is in a legal fight with Warner Music Group, one of the world’s largest music labels. It’s not uncommon for the big music labels to have contentious negotiations with the big tech companies that stream their songs. But a full-blown lawsuit is something new. The question is whether this is a one-off or if it’s going to become a feature of the industry. If it’s the latter, consumers who’ve become used to listening to whatever they want, whenever they want, may end up in a world where their favorite music service goes dark one day — or, just as worrisome, a world where songs they were used to listening to suddenly disappear overnight while giant companies haggle over payments. A quick background: Right now, this is a fight between Spotify and Warner about how much Spotify should pay to do business in India, where it just launched. Usually the way this works is that Spotify, or any service that wants to do business in a new country, puts together deals with Warner and a handful of other big music labels — who control 85 percent of the music Spotify streams — in advance. In the old days, this could take a very long time (Spotify took years to get its deals set up for the US). But as streaming has become the default business model, things generally move fairly quickly now. In India, however, Spotify was able to get deals with everyone but Warner. The two sides differ on their narratives but the gist is that this week Warner sued Spotify to try to stop it from launching in India. It failed, and Spotify officially went live in India on Wednesday. The catch: Indian Spotify users can’t listen to Warner Music artists like Cardi B, Ed Sheeran or Bruno Mars. For now, at least, they can listen to artists like Katy Perry, who record for other labels, even if Warner owns those artists’ publishing rights — the rights to the songs’ underlying compositions. That’s a confusing and unsatisfactory situation for everyone involved: for Spotify, which is offering a less-than-complete service; for Warner, which is being compelled by a court to give Spotify access to some of its stuff on terms it hasn’t negotiated; for artists and other music owners who aren’t getting paid; and of course to ordinary Indian music fans, who shouldn’t be expected to keep track of any of this. There’s a decent chance this a one-time fight, because, as noted above, everyone involved loses. In particular, both Spotify and Warner need to work together, even if they don’t love each other. Warner (like everyone else in the music business) has become dependent on the streaming revenue Spotify generates. Spotify can’t run a music service that doesn’t have Ed Sheeran or Cardi B or any of the other big-name artists that record for Warner — particularly when users can get those artists from legal alternatives like Apple Music or YouTube, or good old-fashioned piracy. But the fight does underscore an ongoing tension between the labels and the big tech platforms. The big music labels, while they’ll never say so in public, are terrified that Spotify or Apple Music or whoever will end up cutting them out by doing direct deals with artists. That scenario has yet to really play out (it’s worth noting that Taylor Swift, who has both the clout and the business savvy to run her own music label or work directly with an Apple, etc., cut a giant deal with Universal Music last fall) but it’s definitely on the labels’ minds. Particularly because Spotify says it does indeed want to do more direct deals with artists while swearing that it doesn’t want to replace labels. The labels are also concerned that the amount of money Spotify makes from each subscriber has been dropping at a steady clip as Spotify offers promotions like deals for students or families with multiple users. In 2016, the average Spotify subscriber generated an average revenue of $7.06 per month. Last year it had dropped to $5.48. Spotify says that’s not a problem, because those promotions are helping it keep its customers longer, which means that over the lifetime of their subscriptions, all of that evens out. The labels are less sanguine, particularly because the developing markets that Spotify is targeting now are likely to put even more pressure on its revenue-per-user number. In India, for instance, Spotify is charging $1.65 a month for its premium service. Which means it is possible to imagine a future where Warner, or another big label, plays even more hardball with Spotify next time their deal comes up in a territory like the US — Warner signed its last deal with Spotify in August 2017, which means it is likely up for renewal soon. And there is a precedent for it: Under a different ownership group, Warner pulled its music videos off of YouTube in 2008 over a licensing impasse; it came back to the world’s largest video service nine months later. I think a more likely story is that we may see more of these fights in the handful of big territories that Spotify has yet to open up in, since it’s easier to fight about theoretical money than risk losing real money you’re making today. A good country to watch to see if that scenario develops: Russia. This article originally appeared on Recode.net.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:Teabagistan
This is apparently just barely attested:, , ,. - -sche (discuss) 06:02, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
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WIKI
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S.Korea's business sentiment slumps even before virus crisis erupts
SEOUL, Feb 26 (Reuters) - South Korea suffered its worst fall in business sentiment in nearly 17 years due to the fast-spreading coronavirus, according to a central bank survey taken days before South Korea became the country with the largest number of cases outside China. The business sentiment index (BSI) for March was compiled from a survey of 3,242 corporate enterprises between Feb. 11-18, just before the health scare became a full-blown emergency following an outbreak of the coronavirus in Daegu, the country’s fourth-largest city. Published by the Bank of Korea on Wednesday, the manufacturing BSI for March dipped to 66 on a seasonally adjusted basis from 79 for February, its biggest monthly decline since April 2003, as firms fretted over the potential loss of business due to the epidemic in neighbouring China, South Korea’s biggest trading partner. Since late last week, worries over the disease’s spread turned closer to home, with the government reporting 84 new cases of the virus on Tuesday, bringing the national tally to 977 and a total of 10 deaths. The latest index reading was the lowest since March 2016 when the index stood at 63 and was far below 100, meaning the number of companies expecting business conditions to deteriorate outweighed those seeing an improvement. Bank of Korea is expected to cut its benchmark interest rate to a record low of 1.00% at a policy meeting on Thursday to counter the economic impact from the virus. It would be the third reduction in seven months. The non-manufacturing BSI, including the service sector which is expected to be hit hard by the virus, also fell to 66 for March, the lowest since April 2009 and from 77 for February. The monthly drop was the sharpest since November 2008. “Sluggish domestic demand due to the virus spreading was the main factor pulling down business confidence for non-manufacturing businesses, while manufacturers’ business confidence plunged due to a slump in exports of chips and electronic products to China and the disruption of global supply chains,” a central bank official told Reuters. (Reporting by Joori Roh; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:穗
hūi / huì pronunciations
The character '穗' may have a secondary/vernacular/obsolete/special reading (and written form) as 'hūi' in Min Nan POJ & 'huì' in Mandarin Pinyin that we don't currently list. On its face, this reading seems incredibly likely to me as a common mistake, because the phonetic component of the character,, is read/written as hūi (huī) in Min Nan POJ/Tailo and huì in Mandarin Pinyin. (I remember being very pleased with myself when I read this character correctly for the Putonghua Proficiency Test in 2015 after having learned the character in my textbook in the preceding semester as the abbreviation for Canton.)
In 廣韻, the character '穗' is listed under 徐醉切，音遂, but then again so is '彗'.
I have (1) one piece of evidence from 2017 that '穗' has a known pronunciation as 'hūi' in Min Nan in the context of 瑞穗 and (2) one piece of evidence from fifty years before in 1967 that '穗' has the correlating 'huì' pronunciation in Mandarin (again in the context of 瑞穗): (1) unsourced claims on Min Nan Wikipedia & (I have attempted to follow up on this at - see how my Taiwanese is progressing!) and (2) the Britannica World Atlas from 1967 which on p58 gives the spelling for as 'Juihui'. It looks like most of names for the locations on the island are being spelled with Postal Romanization style Mandarin- for instance 'Keelong' is spelled 'Chilung'.
'瑞穗' itself is derived from phonetic matching to, a pre-Japanese name. In Japanese, we have "Kun: ほ (ho, 穗)", but that pronunciation is seemingly not used in the pronunciation for '瑞穗' (I don't know Japanese). Chinese and Japanese Wikipedia have pages for '瑞穗金融集團' and '瑞穗實業銀行' (rendered 'Mizuho'), both of which use the ずほ reading. Japanese Wikipedia uses both Go-on and Kan-on as legitimate readings for '瑞穗': "ずいすい / みずほ[1]（慣用読み） 小川琢治編 『市町村大字讀方名彙』 成象堂、大正十四年、387頁. " I don't really understand this information very well.
I also have evidence that there may have been some questions about the pronunciation of '穗' (1) in Mandarin in Mainland China and (2) in Mandarin in Taiwan. (1) In the《普通話异讀詞审音表初稿和本国地名审音表初稿》 from 1957, the pronunciation of the '穗' in '' in Guizhou was decided as 'ㄙㄨㄟˋ' as seen on page 30 of《中国语文》1957年10月 总第64期, column 2. Why did they bring it up? Note: The Britannica World Atlas from 1967 p58 gives the spelling for '三穗' as 'Sansui'. (2) '穗' is also mentioned in the 國語一字多音審訂表 to be pronounced as 'ㄙㄨㄟˋ'. I don't really understand this 審訂表 very well.
现代汉语词典第7版 page 1254 only has the 'suì' pronunciation for '穗'. 现代汉语规范词典第3版 page 1261 only has the 'suì' pronunciation for '穗'. The dictionary doesn't have one of its characteristic little reminder notes proscribing the Mandarin pronunciation 'huì' like I thought it would almost certainly have. 辞海第6版 page 2176 only has the 'suì' pronunciation for '穗'. It mentions on page 1935 that the name '三穗' comes from the local phrase '一禾三穗' (probably similar to ''). On page 1912, '瑞穗' is mentioned in the name of a Japanese company '瑞穗控股公司' (no pronunciation given). '穗' 'ㄙㄨㄟˋ' 瑞穗鄉 ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄤ
TL;DR It seems likely to me that hūi and huì may be vernacular pronunciations for '穗', especially when used in '瑞穗'.
--Geographyinitiative (talk) 08:24, 21 April 2019 (UTC)
* Looks like 'Suī-huī' is a confirmed variant reading for 瑞穗. But should the 'huī' pronunciation be noted on the 穗 page? Am I reading this right? --Geographyinitiative (talk) 10:58, 21 April 2019 (UTC)
* Some entries do write . —Suzukaze-c◇◇ 01:25, 22 April 2019 (UTC)
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WIKI
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org.apache.bcel.generic
Class InstructionHandle
java.lang.Object
extended by org.apache.bcel.generic.InstructionHandle
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable
Direct Known Subclasses:
BranchHandle
public class InstructionHandle
extends Object
implements Serializable
Instances of this class give users a handle to the instructions contained in an InstructionList. Instruction objects may be used more than once within a list, this is useful because it saves memory and may be much faster. Within an InstructionList an InstructionHandle object is wrapped around all instructions, i.e., it implements a cell in a doubly-linked list. From the outside only the next and the previous instruction (handle) are accessible. One can traverse the list via an Enumeration returned by InstructionList.elements().
Version:
$Id: InstructionHandle.java 1152072 2011-07-29 01:54:05Z dbrosius $
Author:
M. Dahm
See Also:
Instruction, BranchHandle, InstructionList, Serialized Form
Field Summary
protected int i_position
Constructor Summary
protected InstructionHandle(Instruction i)
Method Summary
void accept(Visitor v)
Convenience method, simply calls accept() on the contained instruction.
void addAttribute(Object key, Object attr)
Add an attribute to an instruction handle.
protected void addHandle()
Overridden in BranchHandle
void addTargeter(InstructionTargeter t)
Denote this handle is being referenced by t.
Object getAttribute(Object key)
Get attribute of an instruction handle.
Collection<Object> getAttributes()
Instruction getInstruction()
InstructionHandle getNext()
int getPosition()
InstructionHandle getPrev()
InstructionTargeter[] getTargeters()
boolean hasTargeters()
void removeAllTargeters()
Remove all targeters, if any.
void removeAttribute(Object key)
Delete an attribute of an instruction handle.
void removeTargeter(InstructionTargeter t)
Denote this handle isn't referenced anymore by t.
void setInstruction(Instruction i)
Replace current instruction contained in this handle.
Instruction swapInstruction(Instruction i)
Temporarily swap the current instruction, without disturbing anything.
String toString()
String toString(boolean verbose)
protected int updatePosition(int offset, int max_offset)
Called by InstructionList.setPositions when setting the position for every instruction.
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
Field Detail
i_position
protected int i_position
Constructor Detail
InstructionHandle
protected InstructionHandle(Instruction i)
Method Detail
getNext
public final InstructionHandle getNext()
getPrev
public final InstructionHandle getPrev()
getInstruction
public final Instruction getInstruction()
setInstruction
public void setInstruction(Instruction i)
Replace current instruction contained in this handle. Old instruction is disposed using Instruction.dispose().
swapInstruction
public Instruction swapInstruction(Instruction i)
Temporarily swap the current instruction, without disturbing anything. Meant to be used by a debugger, implementing breakpoints. Current instruction is returned.
updatePosition
protected int updatePosition(int offset,
int max_offset)
Called by InstructionList.setPositions when setting the position for every instruction. In the presence of variable length instructions `setPositions()' performs multiple passes over the instruction list to calculate the correct (byte) positions and offsets by calling this function.
Parameters:
offset - additional offset caused by preceding (variable length) instructions
max_offset - the maximum offset that may be caused by these instructions
Returns:
additional offset caused by possible change of this instruction's length
getPosition
public int getPosition()
Returns:
the position, i.e., the byte code offset of the contained instruction. This is accurate only after InstructionList.setPositions() has been called.
addHandle
protected void addHandle()
Overridden in BranchHandle
removeAllTargeters
public void removeAllTargeters()
Remove all targeters, if any.
removeTargeter
public void removeTargeter(InstructionTargeter t)
Denote this handle isn't referenced anymore by t.
addTargeter
public void addTargeter(InstructionTargeter t)
Denote this handle is being referenced by t.
hasTargeters
public boolean hasTargeters()
getTargeters
public InstructionTargeter[] getTargeters()
Returns:
null, if there are no targeters
toString
public String toString(boolean verbose)
Returns:
a (verbose) string representation of the contained instruction.
toString
public String toString()
Overrides:
toString in class Object
Returns:
a string representation of the contained instruction.
addAttribute
public void addAttribute(Object key,
Object attr)
Add an attribute to an instruction handle.
Parameters:
key - the key object to store/retrieve the attribute
attr - the attribute to associate with this handle
removeAttribute
public void removeAttribute(Object key)
Delete an attribute of an instruction handle.
Parameters:
key - the key object to retrieve the attribute
getAttribute
public Object getAttribute(Object key)
Get attribute of an instruction handle.
Parameters:
key - the key object to store/retrieve the attribute
getAttributes
public Collection<Object> getAttributes()
Returns:
all attributes associated with this handle
accept
public void accept(Visitor v)
Convenience method, simply calls accept() on the contained instruction.
Parameters:
v - Visitor object
Copyright © 2004-2011 The Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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dental instruments and oral health
What is a Crossbite?
A crossbite is a form of malocclusion (misalignment) that occurs when the upper and lower teeth do not align correctly. This type of malocclusion means some bottom teeth are located outside the upper teeth when the two jaws are closed. In other words, some upper teeth are positioned inside the lower teeth. The misalignment can either appear at the front of the mouth (anterior) or the sides of the mouth (posterior).
A crossbite is often confused with an underbite, but it is an entirely different malocclusion and requires different treatment.
In a crossbite, the tooth or teeth are slightly forward, but not the entire jaw. An underbite is when the lower teeth and jaw are in front of the front teeth and jaw. Genetic factors usually cause an underbite. It is also more severe than a crossbite.
There are two different types of crossbites, including:
Anterior Crossbite
An anterior crossbite is a lingual occlusion of the upper anterior teeth (incisors and canines) with the lower anterior teeth. In this type of malocclusion, some or all of the upper anterior teeth are behind the lower anterior teeth. In some cases, the lower front teeth completely hide the upper front teeth.
Posterior Crossbite
A posterior crossbite is the opposite of an anterior crossbite. In this type of malocclusion, the top back teeth sit inside the bottom back teeth. Posterior misalignment is due to the irregular narrowing of the palate and teeth in the upper jaw. Posterior crossbites can either develop on one side or both sides of the mouth.
“The prevalence of posterior crossbites in children ranges between 8 and 16 percent.”
What Causes a Crossbite?
The cause of a crossbite can be contributed to genetic factors, abnormal tooth eruption, breathing through the mouth long-term (especially during sleep), and childhood habits (e.g. thumb sucking).
Genetics
The primary cause of a crossbite is due to genetics. Some people are born with a larger lower jaw and smaller upper jaw. Since narrow palates and teeth can run in the family, it may result in a crossbite once teeth begin to grow in. If this is the case, an orthodontist may recommend a growth modification device. The device widens a baby’s upper jaw early on to prepare for orthodontic treatment once his or her permanent teeth start to grow in.
Mouth Breathing
Mouth breathing can alter facial growth. Breathing through the mouth typically happens during sleep. If a child already has a small upper jaw and mouth breathes, they have an even higher chance of developing a crossbite.
Delayed Eruption of Permanent Teeth
Over-retained teeth refer to baby teeth that have loosened but then tighten back into the gums, preventing the eruption of permanent teeth. If this occurs in the upper jaw, the tooth should be extracted to prevent a crossbite with the tooth or teeth in the lower jaw. If the permanent tooth erupts and causes a crossbite, orthodontic treatment is necessary to move the tooth into its correct position.
Childhood Habits
Sucking habits can alter jaw growth in children. These habits include, but are not limited to, thumb sucking, finger sucking, poor chewing habits, and using a bottle or pacifier excessively.
Risk Factors & Complications of Untreated Crossbites
Common risk factors associated with untreated crossbites include:
• Tooth chips or cracks caused by abnormal occlusion between the upper and lower teeth.
• Increased risk for cavities and gum disease, such as gingivitis and periodontal disease.
• Receding gums, which is a serious oral condition that exposes tooth roots to infection and decay due to improper tooth position, malocclusion, and periodontal disease.
• Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD), which is a disorder that causes dysfunction and pain in the jaw and surrounding muscles that control jaw movement.
Treatment Options for Crossbites
If a crossbite is not corrected in early childhood, it is more likely that other dental conditions and jaw issues will develop in adulthood. Treatment is still possible for adults, but choices are limited since the jaw and teeth have fully developed.
Clear Aligners
Clear aligners have become a common orthodontic treatment for crossbites. In short, aligners cover the entire biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth, which allows a tooth in a crossbite to move freely without being affected by the opposing teeth.
Braces
Crossbites are relatively common, and braces are capable of treating most cases. For example, if only a single tooth is in a crossbite, braces can effectively move the tooth into its correct position without help from additional orthodontic appliances.
On the other hand, if more than one tooth is in a crossbite, a dental expansion appliance or headgear may be used in conjunction with braces:
Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE)
For more severe crossbites, an orthodontist may recommend a dental expansion procedure in combination with braces or clear aligners. For example, Rapid Palatal Expanders (RPE) expand narrow dental arches and correct posterior crossbites. The appliance fits over some back teeth in the upper jaw and a screw connects the device in the middle. To activate RPEs, you turn the screw a small amount every day.
In essence, the goal is to widen the upper jaw, expand the dental arch, and move the misaligned teeth into their correct positions.
Reverse-Pull Headgear (Facemask)
Reverse pull headgear consists of pads that attach to the forehead and chin with a facemask frame in between. Patients connect rubber bands from the anchorage device on the braces to the frame. Reverse pull headgear shifts the upper jaw forward to align the teeth in the upper and lower jaws over time.
Jaw Surgery
In the most severe cases, jaw (orthognathic) surgery is used to treat underbites, overbites, crossbites, and advanced sleep apnea. During the procedure, an oral surgeon strategically moves the upper and lower jaws forward. The procedure costs anywhere between $20,000 and $50,000.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Mac Mail advanced searches in Leopard
General Information
Apple's Mac Mail's search feature is limited in it's default view. You can only search for one criteria at a time. This article shows you how to make use of it's more advanced search features. This article only applies to OS X 10.5 Leopard.
Searching with the Search bar
Using Keywords
Mac Mail has a search bar built into the Email client. Doing searches here only searches for mail in your client. The default search is only for one criteria at a time. When you type in a word in the search bar, a menu appears allowing you to refine your search. The options are:
All Mailboxes: Searches through all of your mailboxes
Inbox: Only searches in the Inbox
Entire Message: Searches all fields in the email including Sender, Subject, and Message body.
From: Only searches for senders.
To: Only searches for message recipients.
Subject: Only searches the subject line.
Filename: Searches for specific filename within an email
To use a more advanced search you can structure searches using fields using the following syntax:
keyword1 from:some_user subject:some_word
Example:
agenda from:teresa subject:meeting
This search would filter Email based on the word agenda in the body of the message that is from user teresa with the subject including the word meeting.
Another Example:
To:deannacp From:teresa
This search would look for Emails to deannacp that are from teresa.
Keywords that can be used:
From: Only searches from field, you can use from:firstname, from:lastname
Email: Only searches for Email address for this search you can use it in the form of email:teresa or email:hawaii.edu.
To: Only searches the to field for who the message was sent too.
Subject: Only searches the subject field
Filename: Searches for specific filename within an email
Note: When searching Mac Mail does not use some frequently used wildcard searches. Use of the asterisk * or the syntax teresa@somewhere returns no matches.
Using Boolean Searches
You can also use boolean operators to create even more advanced searches.
The three boolean operators are AND, OR, and NOT.
Example:
cat AND dog This will search Mac Mail for all instances of both words cat and dog.
cat OR dog This search will retrieve any record that contains either (or both) of the terms, thus broadening your search results.
cat NOT dog This will search Mac Mail for the words cat but will exclude the results that include the word dog.
To make these searches more advanced you can combine keywords and boolean operators.
Example:
To:deannacp AND To: Teresa will search mail sent to both deannacp and teresa
You can also combine these with parenthesis:
Example:
spam AND (cats NOT dogs) This search will find all messages that contain both spam and cats, but also contains spam but not dogs.
You can also use boolean expressions in the search box:
A & B yields A AND B
A | B yields A OR B
A ! B yields A NOT B.
Searching Mail with Spotlight
You can do all of the same searches and more with Spotlight in Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard. See Ask Us article http://www.hawaii.edu/askus/881 for more information.
Please rate the quality of this answer: Poor Fair Okay Good Excellent
Not the answer you were looking for? Try different keyword combinations and if you still can’t find your answer, please contact us.
Article ID: 879
Created: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 12:40pm
Modified: Mon, 31 Mar 2008 3:41pm
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Tumé Arandú
Tumé Arandú is a mythological figure in the Guaraní culture. He is considered to be the "father of wisdom".
The exoplanet HD 108147 b is officially named after Tumé Arandú.
Family
Tumé Arandú is a son of Rupave and Sypave, "Father of the people" and "Mother of the people". He was the first of their sons, the wisest of men and the great prophet of the Guaraní people. His brother was Marangatú, father of Kerana, the mother of the seven legendary monsters.
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WIKI
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Category talk:Mozambican people of Portuguese descent
What exactly is meant by this heading? Who are "Mozambican people of Portuguese descent"?
Hi. Does does refer to people who remained in Mozambique and are therefore now Mozambicans OR does it refer to Mozambican-born Portuguese whether they have left the country or not? I see that Carlos Queiroz is listed, whereas Mariza is not. What is the rationale? Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 16:29, 21 September 2010 (UTC))
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WIKI
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Free Air (film)
Free Air is a 1922 American silent comedy drama film directed by Edward H. Griffith and starring Tom Douglas, Marjorie Seaman and Henry G. Sell. It is an adaptation of the 1919 novel Free Air by Sinclair Lewis.
Cast
* Tom Douglas as Milt Daggett
* Marjorie Seaman as Claire Boltwood
* George Pauncefort as Henry B. Boltwood
* Henry G. Sell as Jeffrey Saxton
* Dorothy Allen as Minne Rauskekle
* Ben Hendricks Jr. as The Tramp
Preservation
This film is currently lost.
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WIKI
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moveit2
The MoveIt Motion Planning Framework for ROS 2.
collision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValid Member List
This is the complete list of members for collision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValid, including all inherited members.
checkCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvvirtual
checkCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvvirtual
checkRobotCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
checkRobotCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
checkRobotCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state1, const moveit::core::RobotState &state2) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
checkRobotCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state1, const moveit::core::RobotState &state2, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
checkSelfCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
checkSelfCollision(const CollisionRequest &req, CollisionResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
CollisionEnv()=deletecollision_detection::CollisionEnv
CollisionEnv(const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr &model, double padding=0.0, double scale=1.0)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
CollisionEnv(const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr &model, const WorldPtr &world, double padding=0.0, double scale=1.0)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
CollisionEnv(const CollisionEnv &other, const WorldPtr &world)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
CollisionEnvAllValid(const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr &robot_model, double padding=0.0, double scale=1.0)collision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValid
CollisionEnvAllValid(const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr &robot_model, const WorldPtr &world, double padding=0.0, double scale=1.0)collision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValid
CollisionEnvAllValid(const CollisionEnv &other, const WorldPtr &world)collision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValid
distanceRobot(const moveit::core::RobotState &state) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
distanceRobot(const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
distanceRobot(const DistanceRequest &req, DistanceResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
collision_detection::CollisionEnv::distanceRobot(const moveit::core::RobotState &state, bool verbose=false) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
collision_detection::CollisionEnv::distanceRobot(const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm, bool verbose=false) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
distanceSelf(const DistanceRequest &req, DistanceResult &res, const moveit::core::RobotState &state) const overridecollision_detection::CollisionEnvAllValidvirtual
collision_detection::CollisionEnv::distanceSelf(const moveit::core::RobotState &state) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
collision_detection::CollisionEnv::distanceSelf(const moveit::core::RobotState &state, const AllowedCollisionMatrix &acm) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
getLinkPadding(const std::string &link_name) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getLinkPadding() constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getLinkScale(const std::string &link_name) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getLinkScale() constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getPadding(std::vector< moveit_msgs::msg::LinkPadding > &padding) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getRobotModel() constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
getScale(std::vector< moveit_msgs::msg::LinkScale > &scale) constcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
getWorld()collision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
getWorld() constcollision_detection::CollisionEnvinline
link_padding_collision_detection::CollisionEnvprotected
link_scale_collision_detection::CollisionEnvprotected
ObjectConstPtr typedefcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
ObjectPtr typedefcollision_detection::CollisionEnv
robot_model_collision_detection::CollisionEnvprotected
setLinkPadding(const std::string &link_name, double padding)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setLinkPadding(const std::map< std::string, double > &padding)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setLinkScale(const std::string &link_name, double scale)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setLinkScale(const std::map< std::string, double > &scale)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setPadding(double padding)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setPadding(const std::vector< moveit_msgs::msg::LinkPadding > &padding)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setScale(double scale)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setScale(const std::vector< moveit_msgs::msg::LinkScale > &scale)collision_detection::CollisionEnv
setWorld(const WorldPtr &world)collision_detection::CollisionEnvvirtual
updatedPaddingOrScaling(const std::vector< std::string > &links)collision_detection::CollisionEnvprotectedvirtual
~CollisionEnv()collision_detection::CollisionEnvinlinevirtual
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Mao Wenlong
Mao Wenlong (10 February 1576 – 24 July 1629), courtesy name Zhennan, was a Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty, best known for commanding an independent detachment based in Dongjiang, a strategically important island in the Yellow Sea that defended the coastal corridor into the Ming vassal state Joseon, where he engaged harassing naval and amphibious battles against the Manchu-led Later Jin (which later became the Qing dynasty). He was also known for excelling in artillery warfare and successfully incorporating Western-style tactics into the Chinese military.
Mao later fell victim to power struggles with the newly appointed governor Yuan Chonghuan, who had him summarily executed upon the latter's arrival to take over the command of Liaodong. His death effectively destroyed the morale of his old subordinates, many of whom mutinied and defected two years later, and led to the de facto collapse of the Dongjiang defensive line. This eventuated in the Qing invasion of Joseon at the end of 1636, allowing the Qing forces to eliminate further threat in the rear, and paved the way for Qing's successful invasion and conquest of China proper two decades later.
Early life
Mao was born into a merchant family in Hangzhou and reported worked as a fortuneteller in his youth. When he was 29, he became an adopted son to a childless paternal uncle in Anshan so he travelled north for Liaodong. Along the way he visited a maternal uncle in the capital Beijing, who recommended him to Li Chengliang. He joined the Ming military and participated in a military selection exam in late 1605, in which he ranked sixth among the recruits. For his military talents in terrain analysis, Mao was promoted to the rank of an officer, and became the commander of Aiyang in 1608.
Mao did not gain any further promotion for over a decade, prompting him to even consider discharge from military service. However, in 1619 a new governor named Xiong Tingbi (熊廷弼) was appointed, who ordered Mao to conduct scorched earth operations in border areas in response to increasing Jurchen incursions, allowing him to gain a long-waited promotion the following year. After Xiong was impeached and removed in political struggles, the new governor Yuan Yingtai (袁應泰) reassigned Mao to manage logistics at the Shanhai Pass, where he gained another promotion for works involving gunpowder production.
Career against Jurchens
In 1621, Later Jin forces invaded Liaodong and defeated the Ming garrisons in the Battle of Shen-Liao, capturing the strategic cities of Shenyang and Liaoyang. Over 100 of Mao's relatives in Anshan was massacred by the Jurchens, prompting him to sign up to a recruitment call by the Liaodong governor Wang Huazhen (王化貞) to organize a volunteer detachment operating in territories at the Jurchen's rear.
Later in July, Mao led 197 men into Later Jin territories and attacked the Changshan Islands and various other islands along a 2,000-li stretch of coast line, capturing several enemy officers. His detachment arrived at Zhenjiang (modern day Dandong) on July 14, and attacked the city at night, capturing several Manchu nobles, ambushing and killing the Jurchen commanders who was returning from raids on the surrounding towns. The success of this Battle of Fort Zhenjiang led to numerous other fortresses surrendering to Mao, but his forces were still forced to retreat after no Ming reinforcements were send to bolster up defenses against Jurchen counterattacks.
After forcing to give up Zhenjiang, Mao started to based his operations on Pi Island (the modern day Ka Island) and Tieshan to recruit refugees into his troops. In June 1622, Mao was appointed the General Commander of the Liao Region (平遼將軍總兵官) by the Ming court, and in February the next year was promoted to Governor and Marshal with a sword of state granted by Tianqi Emperor as proof of authority. Under Mao's management, Dongjiang became an sizable settlement hosting hundreds of thousands of refugees who were displaced by the Jurchen invasion. Mao would then launch repeated raids into Jurchen-controlled Liaodong, at the same time trading with the Koreans and the Europeans, making Dongjiang a strategic threat to the Later Jin's flank.
In summer of 1623, after receiving reports that Nurhaci was planning on attacking the Ming dynasty, Mao sent four divisions to attack the Later Jin from four different fronts, which forced the Jurchens to abandon their campaign. Mao's divisions also managed gain a foothold on the southern Liaodong Peninsula, recruiting over 4,000 militiamen from the refugees and successfully recapturing the towns of Jīnzhou and Lüshun and large quantities of Later Jin weaponries. In September, Mao received reports that Nurhaci was planning to attack the defensive line around Shanhai Pass, so he led 30,000 men to raid the old Later Jin capital Hetu Ala, annihilating all the Jurchen defenders and forcing Nurhaci to turn back east with 40,000 troops. before withdrawing. In October, Mao's forces again utilized the civilians' hatred towards the Jurchen invaders and recaptured the towns of Fuzhou and Yongning.
In the beginning of 1624, the Jurchens traversed across sea ice and attacked Lüshun with over 10,000 troops. Mao's troops managed to withstand the siege and defeated the attacks using an ambush. Nurhaci then sent an emissary to discuss peace deal, but Mao arrested the messenger and handed him to the Ming court.
In January 1625, Wu Zhiwang (武之望), the Governor of the Deng-Lai, appealed to have a canal built between Jīnzhou and Lüshun, and pressured the local garrisons to start the construction project without considering the military situation. The news got leaked to the Later Jin, who attacked and captured the two towns, killing Mao's commanders Zhang Pan (張盤) and Zhu Guochang (朱國昌) who were in charge of the canal construction. Mao responded by sending troops to cut off the Later Jin supply line, causing the enemy to retreat and recapturing the lost towns. However, Governor Wu took the opportunity to send in his own men into Lüshun and claimed the achievements for himself, but withdrew from the garrison in winter in fear of another Jurchen attack and suggested to the Ming court to abandon defense altogether. Mao argued for regarrison and gained the support of the Minister of Defense Wang Zaijin (王在晉) and other officials, who praised Mao's garrisons in Dongjiang as an "offshore Great Wall (海外長城) ". Tianqi Emperor himself also praised Mao for his work "making the barbarians troubled and unable to head west ". Nurhaci sent messengers in attempt to convince Mao to defect, but Mao steadfastly refused.
In January 1626, Nurhaci attacked Ningyuan (modern day Xingcheng), and Mao sent troops to attack Haizhou and Shenyang (which was Later Jin's capital), preventing the Jurchens' from fully committed to their invasion westwards. In June, Nurhaci again sent messengers trying to turn Mao to his side, but Mao reported the letter to the Ming court and in August organized an assassination attempt when received reports from Geng Zhongming (who was serving as a spy in Shenyang) that Nurhaci was visiting a hot spring, but the latter escaped the attempt.
Execution
After Nurhaci died in late August 1626, his eighth son Hong Taiji inherited the throne. Hong Taiji changed his father's way of ruling to a more ethnically tolerant policy and started recruiting Han Chinese into the ranks of Later Jin, which helped solidifying the Jurchens' control of Lower Manchuria and thus reduced the success rate of Mao's raids. Meanwhile, Tianqi Emperor died in late September 1627 and was succeeded by his overambitious half-brother Chongzhen Emperor, whose impatience led him to have unrealistic expectations. In early 1628, after purging Wei Zhongxian and restoring the Donglin control within the Ming court, Chongzhen appointed Yuan Chonghuan (who was previously removed by Wei's party) as the new Minister of Defense. In July, Yuan boasted to Chongzhen that he could "recover the Liao region in five years", which pleased Chongzhen enough to grant him a sword of state as a proof of supreme authority.
However, Yuan soon decided that Mao Wenlong, who also held a sword of state granted by the late Tianqi Emperor, was becoming a problem for him. Mao was already impeached by other government ministers as his garrisons in Dongjiang were getting too costly for the Treasury, and there were accusations of insubordination and corruption against his officers. After Mao refused to let Yuan appoint officials to audit the finance of his troops in early 1629, Yuan decided to get rid of Mao.
On June 1, 1629, Yuan arrived in Lüshun to discuss matters with Mao, but after three days of negotiation Mao still refused to let Yuan appoint and manage the logistics of his garrison. Yuan then trying to convince Mao to retire, who rejected the offer citing that he was more experienced to deal with the affairs of Liaodong and Joseon. Two days later, Yuan pretended to invite Mao to review an archery training, and had him seized and his uniform stripped off. When Mao protested, Yuan presented his own sword of state and announced that Mao had "twelve crimes", and then had him summarily executed in front of the whole camp.
To prevent rioting and mutiny among the Dongjiang troops, Yuan then announced that Mao would be the only one to answer for the accused crimes, and all others will be exempted from any charges. Yuan then appointed the command to Mao's deputy Chen Jisheng (陳繼盛), and increased Dongjiang's budget to 180,000 taels of silver. He then organized a proper burial for Mao.
Aftermath
The Later Jin celebrated the news of Mao's death, with "drinking parties" being reportedly organized. Hong Taiji immediately organized a raid through the Yan Mountains later that year, completely circumventing Yuan's heavily invested Shanhai Pass-Ningyuan-Jinzhou defensive line. This attack, known as the Jisi Incident, was the first time the Later Jin forces successfully invaded the North China Plain, with the Jurchens ransacking and looting virtually unchallenged to the outskirts of Beijing. Following that, the Jurchens no longer had any concerns committing to invading westwards, and also successfully invaded the Korean peninsula in 1636.
In his report to the Emperor, Yuan justified his decision to execute Mao with the accusations of latter refusing to accept supervisors, overbudgeting, misreporting of manpower, and killing civilians as falsified enemy kills. Chongzhen Emperor grew suspicious over Yuan's claims, but accepted the situation and did not enquire any further. The matter of the Mao Wenlong affair was however brought up again months later after the humiliating Jisi Incident, and became a major factor for Yuan's own impeachment, prosecution and execution by a thousand cuts the following year.
Mao's old subordinates, whose loyalty to the Ming dynasty largely relied on their personal affiliation to Mao, were disheartened and lost faith in the cause against the Jurchens. Many of them mutinied and defected within just a few years, among them Kong Youde, Geng Jingzhong and Shang Kexi, who were instrumental in the Qing conquest of China two decades later.
Political criticisms
Mao is sometimes blamed for the Later Jin invasion of Joseon. He was known for operating against the Later Jin dynasty from bases within the Joseon dynasty, a Ming ally at that time. When the Later Jin forces mounted a punitive expedition into Joseon, Mao ordered a general retreat of all Ming forces. This angered many Beijing merchants who had previously traded with the Korean peninsula.
Mao never dared to drag major Later Jin cities into war even when there was a strategic advantage in doing so. In this way Mao was able to bring to bear the influence of many powerful Ming officials against Yuan Chonghuan (1584–1630), a fellow Ming military commander.
Mao engaged in widespread smuggling using the Ming marine corps, contributing heavily to the booming economy of northern China. He was eventually caught for smuggling and executed by Yuan Chonghuan, a fellow military commander who had been conferred the imperial sword of absolute authority by the last Ming emperor. It is believed that Mao's death led in part to an economic downturn in the Ming dynasty.
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WIKI
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Weez
The Weez is a range of low-cost electric cars produced by the French company Eon Motors that can be driven without a license, with three seats and a range of 100 km.
Overview
First shown as a concept at the 2012 Paris Motor Show, a second prototype was shown at the Paris Motor Show in October 2014, until they released their first production model in 2022, the Weez City-Pro.
History
Eon Motors is a small French manufacturer based in Malijai in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, founded in 2010. After twelve years of development and in-house creation of the body, chassis and electronics, the first deliveries of the Weez City-Pro will take place in the first quarter of 2023, when 70 orders have already been placed, and production capacity will reach 300 units per year, or almost one per day. The company has 25 employees and is actively looking to recruit more, for a target of 3,000 units per year within five years, across all models.
They plan to release several models, all based on the Weez City-Pro, such as a two-seater more suitable for cargo transportation, soon to be completed by the Weez City-Duo, which will have a window between the front seats and the trunk, as well as only one interior mirror.
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WIKI
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Why Can't Iron Enter the Eddy Current Sorting Machine?
Why Can't Iron Enter the Eddy Current Sorting Machine?
Why should iron be removed when using the eddy current separator? Does iron have any effect on the eddy current separator or will it damage the machine?
Ⅰ. The principle of the eddy current sorting machine
The principle of the eddy current sorting machine is a sorting technology that uses the conductivity of each substance and the difference in the magnetic induction intensity generated. Its sorting principle is to use a magnetic drum composed of permanent magnets to rotate at high speed to generate an alternating magnetic field. When a metal with electrical conductivity properties passes through the magnetic field, an eddy current is induced in the metal.
The eddy current itself will produce an alternating magnetic field, which is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the magnetic system drum. Non-ferrous metals (such as aluminum, copper, etc.) will jump out along the conveying direction due to the opposite effect, and thus separate from other non-metallic materials such as glass and plastics to achieve the purpose of sorting.
Ⅱ. Why can't iron enter the eddy current sorting machine?
1. An eddy current reaction occurs between the eddy current separator and the iron-containing material, resulting in high temperature inside the iron element. After a large amount of continuous iron feeding for a long time, the high temperature generated inside the iron will burn the conveyor belt on the surface of the eddy current sorting drum, and cause different degrees of damage to the magnetic wheel of the eddy current sorting machine. High temperatures above 200 degrees will cause the magnetic wheel of the eddy current separator to attenuate and demagnetize.
2. After the large iron pieces enter the eddy current separator equipment, the broken iron pieces will scratch the belt. After entering the equipment, the eddy current reaction will occur and the protective drum outside the drum will be burned. A small amount of iron materials can be sorted out by the eddy current sorting machine without causing damage to the equipment.
3. Iron removal and protective measures of eddy current sorter
When using a strong magnetic field eddy current separator, it is necessary to remove iron from the passing materials first. A strong magnetic drum separator or other types of strong magnetic separators can be installed before the feed belt of the eddy current separator to remove the iron element in the material. In daily use, it is necessary to remove the baffles on both sides of the eddy current separator, and observe whether there are debris inside the belt inside the vortex separator from time to time, and clean debris, iron filings and other materials in time to prevent damage to the equipment .
The eddy current sorting machine is the company's main product, which is suitable for rapid sorting of bearing cracks, mixing, hardness deviation, and burns. The whole system consists of four parts: test equipment, test probes, mechanical and electrical parts. The eddy current sorting machine can realize automatic defect detection, automatic sorting, and automatic alarm. If you have any needs, please feel free to consult us.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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File talk:Prinz Eugen Kiel forward guns clip.jpg
The image is of the ship's aft guns, not its forward guns.
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WIKI
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Dem party hacker answers skeptics on nationality, politics | TheHill
The hacker claiming credit for the breach at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) stresses he is Romanian and denies any having any political motivations in a blog post released Thursday. Guccifer 2.0 addressed questions in the post, including the suspicions that experts have raised about his motivations. “It seems the guys from CrowdStrike and the DNC would say I’m a Russian bear even if I were a catholic nun in fact,” writes Guccifer 2.0. “At first I was annoyed and disappointed. But now I realize they have nothing else to say. There’s no other way to justify their incompetence and failure. It’s much easier for them to accuse powerful foreign special services.” Crowdstrike, which began monitoring suspicious activity on the DNC server in April, noticed signatures of the Russian bears' methods seen in other hacks. Guccifer 2.0 has also been asked to verify his knowledge of the Romanian hacker community to verify his nationality. But in a later answer on his blog, he refuses to name any Romanian hackers that he knows, saying he fears for their security. Observers have theorized that Russia might have been behind the hack to influence the presidential election. In the blog post, Guccifer 2.0 distances himself from both candidates. “Hillary seems so much false to me, she got all her money from political activities and lobbying, she is a slave of moguls, she is bought and sold,” he said of Democrat Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonLewandowski on potential NH Senate run: If I run, 'I'm going to win' Fighter pilot vs. astronaut match-up in Arizona could determine control of Senate Progressive Democrats' turnout plans simply don't add up MORE. He adds that he’s “totally against” GOP presumptive nominee Donald TrumpDonald John TrumpPossible GOP challenger says Trump doesn't doesn't deserve reelection, but would vote for him over Democrat O'Rourke: Trump driving global, U.S. economy into recession Manchin: Trump has 'golden opportunity' on gun reforms MORE’s “ideas about closing borders and deportation policy.” “It’s … nonsense,” he adds. Guccifer 2.0 also gave some technical details about the hack and said he is a man. "I’ve never met a female hacker of the highest level. Girls, don’t get offended, I love you,” Guccifer 2.0 writes. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Close
PowerShell – Error Handling
In PowerShell there are 2 kinds of errors:
Announcement
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• Non-terminating error – This is any error that doesn’t bring PowerShell to a standstill. You can think of it as a minor error.
• Terminating error (aka “exceptions”) – This is an error that ps cannot continue from and everything will stop completely.
You can control how powershell behaves when it encounters an error. This is done by changing the value of the following reserved variable:
[powershell]
$ErrorActionPreference
Continue
[/powershell]
This variable can take the following 4 values:
• Continue – This is the default. This setting tells ps to keep going as far as possible, but show any error messages along the way.
• SilentlyContinue – As “continue” but suppress displaying any error/warning messages, unless it is a terminating error.
• Stop – This stops everything when it encounters either types of errors. By default it will display the error message. This is a useful setting to use when debugging a script.
• Inquire – This lets you decide whether or not to continue.
Some people will set this setting to “SilentlyContinue” at the top of the script to hide any non-terminating errors. This is actually very bad practice becuase it suppress error messages for the script’s script. The best practice is to either use “continue” or “stop”.
Powershell lets you set ErrorActionPreference settings for each individual commands using the “-ErrorAction” parameter which is one of the common parameters. For example:
remove-item c:\path\to\nonexistant\file
this parameter takes the same 4 values as given above. This is a much better approach if you want to apply “SilentlyContinue” for a command that you know always gives very minor, trivial, non-terminating errors.
There is also another common parameter, which is called “-ErrorVariable”. This is something that you can use to store error output of a command into a variable, e.g.:
[powershell]
remove-item c:\path\to\nonexistant\file -ErrorVariable RemoveItemErrorMessage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$RemoveItemErrorMessage
remove-item : Cannot find path ‘C:\path\to\nonexistant\file’ because it does not exist.
At line:1 char:1
+ remove-item c:\path\to\nonexistant\file -ErrorVariable RemoveItemErrorMessage -E …
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (C:\path\to\nonexistant\file:String) [Remove-Item], ItemNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand
[/powershell]
In the above, I also used ErrorAction:SilentlyContinue to avoid any red writing showing up.
I skipped section 10.4 which is all about the “trap” errorhandling construct, which is something that isn’t really used that much any more because it has now been superseded by other constructs, but if want, you can read up about it here: help about_trap.
The most conventional way of doing error handling in powershell is by using the “try…catch…finally” construct. Here is the structure of this construct:
[powershell]
try{
get-wmiobject -class win32_BIOS -computername NotOnline -ErrorVariable wmiObjectErrorMessage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue "hello world 0"
}
catch {
"Failure encounter with $computername. The failure message is:" | Out-File -Filepath log.txt -append "wmiObjectErrorMessage" | Out-file -Filepath log.txt -append "hello world 1"
}
"hello world 2"
$wmiObjectErrorMessage
[/powershell]
The outcome of this will vary depending on what -ErrorAction setting you have chosen:
• continue – This will continue the rest of the try-block, and coninue with rest of the script, which means: – 2 error messages appear on screen. once during try, and once outputting $wmiObjectErrorMessage – Catch block isn’t triggered – Both “hello world 0” and “hello world 2” are displayed.
• silentlycontinue – This gives the same outcome as “continue”, except that get-wmiobject doesn’t output any error messages.
• stop – This will stop the try-block midway, and trigger the catch-block. As a result: – Both “hello world 1” and “hello world 2” are displayed. But not “hello world 0” because try-block terminated early. – New entries have been appended to log.txt file – output of $wmiObjectErrorMessage is displayed.
• inquiry – This opens up a pop-up window, prompting user to click: yes | yes to all | halt command | suspend.
In the above example we used “-errorvariable” to pass the error message into the catch construct. However PowerShell automatically passes the “exeptions-object” to the catch-block as “$_”, which you can use instead. Note that both of these are actually different (but similar) objects, so they give slightly different outputs. Here are some typical examples of the outputs you can get with $_:
PS C:\=> $_
Get-WmiObject : The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA)
At C:\Scope1.ps1:61 char:18
+ get-wmiobject <<<< -class win32_BIOS -computername NotOnline -ErrorAction stop -ErrorVariable wmiObjectErrorMessage + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Get-WmiObject], COMException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : GetWMICOMException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetWmiObjectCommand PS C:\=> $_.exception
The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA)
PS C:\=> $_.exception.message
The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA)
Notice that both “$_.exception” and “$_.exception.message” gives the same output. That’s because by default, “$_.exception” only outputs the message property.
A try-block can be followed by multiple catch-blocks, each of which can be triggered by a different type of “error object”. This is really use way to add logic to your code. For example you if want to try and stop an service, then there could be 3 possible outcomes, one success, and 2 errors. It succeeds, name of service doesn’t exist (error1), service already stopped (error2). First let’s try to replicate error1:
[powershell]
Try {
Stop-Service -name "xxxxxx" -ErrorAction Stop
}
Catch [System.exception] {
"Caught by generic exception"
$_.exception.gettype().fullname
}
[/powershell]
Note: also check out the “throw” command.
This outputs:
[powershell]
Caught by generic exception
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ServiceCommandException
[/powershell]
“System.exception” is a general catch-all exception that can catch all exceptiosn.
“$_.exception.gettype().fullname” This is a way to identify the error type when you try to stop an service that doesn’t exist. With this info now known, we can the generic “System.exception” with the more drilled down option:
[powershell]
Try {
Stop-Service -name "xxxxxx" -ErrorAction Stop
}
Catch [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ServiceCommandException] {
"This service doesn’t exist."
}
[/powershell]
You can also add a “finally” block at the end. The finally-block is optional, and it’s content will run regardless of whether or not an error occured within the try construct.
For more info, check out:
help about_try_catch_finally
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Chris Dean
Chris Dean may refer to:
* Chris Dean (rugby league) (born 1988), English rugby league footballer
* Chris Dean (rugby union) (born 1994), Scottish rugby union player
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WIKI
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Hurricane Andrew's Impact On SW Broward Demographics « CBS Miami
MIAMI (CBS4) – Marilyn Soltanipour's little piece of paradise is in Pembroke Pines, a community that saw tremendous growth after Hurricane Andrew devastated parts of Miami-Dade County 20 years ago. When Andrew struck on August 24, 1992, Soltanipour and her family lived in Kendall where homes were destroyed and lives were shattered by the hurricane. The Soltanipours moved north to a new home months after the storm. They joined thousands of fellow Miami-Dade residents who wanted a new beginning in southwest Broward. Frankly, it never occurred to us to live anywhere but Miami-Dade County. And then Andrew hit and changed everything, Soltanipour said. In the mid-90s, construction crews couldn't work fast enough to build homes in southwest Broward. As soon as they went up there were buyers ready to move in. Andrew coincided with a building boom in the region and the completion of Interstate 75 which made the commute to and from Miami-Dade manageable for thousands of refugees from Andrew. Broward County's population was already growing at a good clip, but after Andrew the numbers shot up dramatically. According to the South Florida Regional Planning Council, Broward's population rose by 15,000 in 1991. The year Andrew hit, it increased by more than 23,000, and nearly the same amount the next year. The city that saw the biggest growth was Pembroke Pines, absorbing more than six thousand new residents a year in the three years after Andrew, and nearly ten thousand new residents in 1996, four years after the storm. We became the fastest growing city in the nation at the time, said Pembroke Pines Mayor Frank Ortis. When I walked through the district in the year after Andrew, I saw Miami-Dade Fire and Rescue cars everywhere so I knew these were Dade county people who had just settled into our city. The new residents from Miami-Dade tended to be younger and included a large number of Hispanics and Caribbean Americans, adding to the diversity of Broward County. The new residents had some real tragic things happen in their lives, Ortis added. They came to this area that was newly developed and it turned out great for them and great for us. The hurricane and the devastation it brought to Miami-Dade accelerated an already growing southwest Broward in a way no one expected. Pembroke Pines and other cities in southwest Broward grew as a result of Andrew, Soltanipour said. We were part of that growth and we helped shape the future of this community. Please log in using one of these methods to post your comment: You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Google+ account. ( Log Out / Change ) Connecting to %s Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Watch & Listen LIVE
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Daily Excavation and Trench Safety Report by TPenney
VIEWS: 239 PAGES: 2
DAILY EXCAVATION & TRENCH SAFETY REPORT
Date: Supervisor/Crew Lead:
Location of Excavation: Competent Person:
Weather Conditions: Rainfall amounts previous 24 hrs:
NOTE: Circle appropriate response - circling boldface letter requires additional comment.
1. All open trenches were inspected. Y N
2. Surcharge was located proper distance from toe of slopes? Y N
3. Were any tension cracks observed along top of any slopes? Y N
4. Were slopes cut at design angle of repose? Y N
5. Was any water seen or noted in trench walls or bottom? Y N
6. Was bracing system installed in accordance with design? Y N
7. Was there evidence of significant fracture planes in soil or rock? Y N
8. Was there any evidence of caving or sloughing of soil since the last field inspection? Y N
9. Were there any zones of unusually weak soils or materials not anticipated? Y N
10. Was there any evidence of significant fracture planes in soil or rock? Y N
11. Were there any noted dramatic dips in bedrock? Y N
12. Where all short-term trenches covered within 24 hours? Y N
13. Non-Compliance items photographed? Y N
14. Trench boxes certified? Y N
15. Were hydraulic shores pumped to design pressure? Y N
16. Type shoring being used: __________________________________________ Secure? Y N
17. Did shoring plan include adequate safety factor to allow for equipment actually being used? Y N
18. Traffic in area adequately away from trenching operations with barricades? Y N
19. Trees, boulders, or other hazards in area? Y N
20. Vibrations from equipment or traffic too close to trenching operation? Y N
21. List heavy equipment near operation:
22. Heavy equipment in use at site:
23. Names of Subcontractor personnel at site:
24. Name of supervisor at site:
25. Changed subsurface condition from those anticipated:
DAILY EXCAVATION & TRENCH SAFETY REPORT (Page 2)
26. Activity at work location:
Trench box
Manhole construction
Side sloping
Bracing
Other
27. Observations
"I HEREBY ATTEST THAT THE ABOVE CONDITIONS EXISTED AND THAT THE AFOREMENTIONED ITEMS WERE CHECKED OR REVIEWED DURING THIS DAILY
INSPECTION."
Subcontractor Supervisor/Crew Lead: Competent Person Signature:
Comment :
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Dwight Chambers, acting supervisor, Helena National Forest; Kathleen McAllister, Acting Regional Forester for Region One U.S. Forest Service; Dale Bosworth, Chief of United States Forest Service, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 04-35274.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Feb. 14, 2005.
Filed Nov. 7, 2005.
Thomas J. Woodbury, Forest Defense, P.C., Missoula, MT, for the plaintiff-appellant.
Elizabeth Ann Peterson, Attorney, Environmental & Natural Resources Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for the defendants-ap-pellees.
Before B. FLETCHER, McKEOWN, and GOULD, Circuit Judges.
OPINION
McKEOWN, Circuit Judge.
Native Ecosystems Council (“Native Ecosystems”) appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the United States Forest Service (“Forest Service”) in connection with the Forest Service’s approval of the Jimtown Vegetation Project (“Jimtown Project”) in the Helena National Forest. To lower the potential for a catastrophic fire, the Jimtown Project involves thinning,- prescribed burning, and weed management on approximately 1,500 acres in an area of the Helena National Forest prone to high intensity fires.
Native Ecosystems claims the Forest Service violated the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”),42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq., by preparing an Environmental Assessment (“EA”) instead of an Environmental Impact Statement (“EIS”) and by considering only two alternatives — the proposed Jimtown Project and a “no action” alternative. In addition, Native Ecosystems claims the Forest Service violated the National Forest Management Act (“NFMA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1600 et seq., because the project threatens the forest-wide viability of the northern goshawk. We affirm.
background
The Helena National Forest encompasses nearly one million acres in western Montana. The Forest Service manages the Helena National Forest according to the 1986 Helena Forest Plan. See 16 U.S.C. § 1604(a). Parts of the Helena National Forest consist of dry ponderosa pine stands, and are characterized by the Forest Service as “fire dependent ecosystems.” Over the past ninety years, however, the Forest Service suppressed fires in this ecosystem, leading to what it describes as “dense stocking and intense competition for moisture and nutrients on these sites.” In the Forest Service’s view, prevention of low-intensity, periodic fires has led to'an increase in the likelihood of large, stand-replacing fires. Because forests are more dense, fires spread from small understory trees to the crowns of the older overstory trees, rather than burning at a low-intensity on the floor and understory of the forest.
Due to nearly a century of fire suppression, the Forest Service has witnessed an increase in stand-replacing wildfires in the Northwest. In December 2000, the Forest Service published an EA for the Jimtown Project, a resource management project in the Helena National Forest designed, to reduce the potential for a large-scale, high intensity, stand-replacing fire in the Jim-town vicinity. According to the Forest Service, a fire in the vicinity of the Jim-town Project — the July 2000 Cave Gulch fire which burned more than 27,000 acres of the Helena National Forest — evidences the area’s.potential for “intense and extensive stand replacing fires.” The Jimtown Project, as originally proposed, consisted of forest thinning through timber harvest, low-intensity underburning, and weed management, all of which are intended to provide for a more sustainable forest.
The proposed Jimtown Project lies just 150 yards north of a nest area used by a pair of northern goshawks in the summers of 2000 and 2002. The Forest Service has designated goshawks as a sensitive species, a designation that requires the Forest Service to prepare a Biological Evaluation to consider the potential impact of proposed forest management actions on the goshawks.
The Forest Service completed a Biological Evaluation for the Jimtown Project, and concluded that the project “[m]ay impact individuals or habitat but [is] unlikely to contribute to a trend towards Federal listing or cause a loss of viability to the population or species.” In particular, the proposed Jimtown Project would “open up” 720 acres of forest habitat, making it less attractive to goshawks for foraging. The Biological Evaluation also concluded that the primary threat to goshawks is loss of habitat due to logging and fire. The Biological Evaluation noted that an “[e]le-vated risk of stand-replacement fire would remain” if the Forest Service decided to forego the Jimtown Project, putting existing goshawk habitat in the area at risk. The Jimtown Project EA incorporated the Biological Evaluation’s goshawk findings.
The Helena National Forest Plan also designated goshawks as a management indicator species for old-growth forest in the Helena National Forest. Forest Service planning regulations direct the Forest Service to select management indicator species for the purpose of monitoring the effects of management activities in various types of habitat. 36 C.F.R. § 219.19(a)(1), (6) (2000). The Forest Plan requires the maintenance of five percent of the Helena National Forest as old growth. The Jim-town Project does not include any old growth, but the EA emphasized that the Forest Service will retain larger trees and trees “with old growth character,” and suggested that the Jimtown Project would contribute to the development of a sustainable old-growth forest in the project area.
After considering comments filed in response to the Jimtown Project EA, including comments filed by Native Ecosystems, the Forest Service issued a Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact (“DN/FONSI”) in May 2001. In the DN/FONSI, the Forest Service partially rested its decision' not to prepare an EIS on the fact that the Forest Service prepared an EIS in 1996 for a substantially similar and larger management project in the Helena National Forest — the Bull-Sweats Project. The Bull-Sweats Project was located about four miles north of the Jimtown Project and applied the same treatment techniques to an area more than two-times the size of the Jimtown Project area. The Forest Service noted in the DN/FONSI that environmental monitoring associated with the Bull-Sweats Project demonstrated that the type of treatments proposed in the Jimtown Project “do not have significant effects.” In particular, the Forest Service concluded based on wildlife monitoring that goshawks continued to nest in the vicinity of the Bull-Sweats Project after the project treatments.
The DN/FONSI also included an amendment to the Helena National Forest Plan. The project area, whether the Forest Service implements the Jimtown Project or opts for the no-action alternative, is out of compliance with the Helena National Forest Plan’s hiding cover/road density standard designed to protect big game. The proposed amendment reduces the hiding cover/road density standard applicable to the project area by three percent, thus curing non-compliance.
Native Ecosystems filed an administrative appeal challenging the DN/FONSI, which the Forest Service denied. In October 2001, Native Ecosystems filed suit in federal court in Montana. In July 2003, while the case was pending in district court, a wildfire burned portions of the Jimtown Project area. One-thousand acres burned in the Jimtown fire, and approximately eighty percent of the trees died or were expected to die within the year following the fire. The fire burned about 370 acres of the 830 acres proposed for thinning and underburning in the proposed Jimtown Project. The Forest Service published a Supplemental Information Report (“SIR”) that concluded that the Jimtown Fire, and the subsequent reduction of the thinning and underburning portion of the project to 460 acres, did not change its conclusion that the Jimtown Project would not have a significant effect on the environment.
The district court granted the Forest Service’s motion for summary judgment. With respect to the claims pending on appeal, the district court rejected Native Eeosystems’s claim that the Forest Service violated NEPA by failing to consider reasonable alternatives to the Jimtown Project in addition to the EA’s “no action” alternative and the proposed project alternative. The district court also determined that the Forest Service did not act arbitrarily and capriciously in concluding that the Jimtown Project would not impact goshawk viability under NFMA and in concluding that an EIS was not necessary to consider the impacts of the project on the goshawk population.
ANALYSIS
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain v. U.S. Forest Serv. (“Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain I”), 137 F.3d 1372, 1376 (9th Cir.1998). Because NFMA and NEPA do not provide a private cause of action to enforce their provisions, agency decisions allegedly violating NFMA and NEPA are reviewed under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.; Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain v. Alexander (“Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain II”), 303 F.3d 1059, 1065, 1067 (9th Cir.2002). Under the APA, we may set aside an agency decision if it is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A); Idaho Sporting Cong. v. Thomas, 137 F.3d 1146, 1149 (9th Cir.1998).
II. NEPA CLAIMS
NEPA requires agencies to prepare an EIS for all “major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.” 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C). NEPA’s implementing regulations provide that an agency shall prepare an EA to determine whether a proposed federal action will have a significant impact and to determine whether preparation of an EIS will be necessary. 40 C.F.R. § 1508.9 (2000); see also Bob Marshall Alliance v. Hodel, 852 F.2d 1223, 1225 (9th Cir.1988). An EA is a “concise public document” that “include[s] brief discussions of the need for the proposal, of alternatives as required by [42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(E)], of the environmental impacts of the proposed action and alternatives, and a listing of agencies and persons consulted.” 40 C.F.R. §§ 1508.9(a), (b) (2000). If the agency concludes in the EA that there is no significant effect from the proposed project, the federal agency may issue a finding of no significant impact (“FONSI”) in lieu of preparing an EIS. 40 C.F.R. § 1508.9(a)(1) (2000); id. § 1508.13 (“ ‘Finding of no significant impact’ means a document by a Federal agency briefly presenting the reasons why an action ... will not have a significant effect on the human environment and for which an environmental impact statement therefore will not be prepared.”).
NEPA requires us to analyze whether the Forest Service took a “hard look” at the likely effects of the proposed Jimtown Project. Blue Mountains Biodiversity Project v. Blackwood, 161 F.3d 1208, 1216 (9th Cir.1998). In other words, the Forest Service must “undertake a thorough environmental analysis before concluding that no significant environmental impact exists.” Id. Determining whether the Forest Service took the requisite “hard look” is judged against the APA’s arbitrary and capricious standard. Id.
A. PREPARATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT RATHER THAN AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
Native Ecosystems seeks to compel the Forest Service to prepare an EIS, rather than simply an EA, for the Jimtown Project. An agency is required to prepare an EIS where there are substantial questions about whether a project may cause significant degradation of the human environment. See Idaho Sporting Congress, 137 F.3d at 1149. As we have explained:
In reviewing an agency’s decision not to prepare an EIS under NEPA, we employ an arbitrary and capricious standard that requires us to determine whether the agency has taken a “hard look” at the consequences of its actions, “based [its decision] on a consideration of the relevant factors,” and provided a “convincing statement of reasons to explain why a project’s impacts are insignificant.”
Nat’l Parks & Conservation Ass’n v. Babbitt, 241 F.3d 722, 730 (9th Cir.2001) (citations omitted) (quoting Metcalf v. Daley, 214 F.3d 1135, 1141 (9th Cir.2000) (alteration in original)).
In benchmarking whether the Jimtown Project may have a significant effect on the environment, we turn to the NEPA regulations that define “significantly.” 40 C.F.R. § 1508.27 (2000). Whether a project is significant depends on both the project’s context and its intensity. Id. A project’s intensity will be evaluated based on various factors, three of which are relevant to Native Ecosystems’s appeal: 1) “[t]he degree to which the effects on the quality of the human environment are likely to be highly controversial,” id. § 1508.27(b)(4); 2) “[t]he degree to which the possible effects on the human environment are highly uncertain or involve unique or unknown risks,” id. § 1508.27(b)(5); and 3) “[w]hether the action is related to other actions with individually insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts,” id. § 1508.27(b)(7).
1. FOREST SERVICE’S PROJECT-SPECIFIC CONCLUSION OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
Native Ecosystems seeks to capitalize on the Forest Service’s thorough and candid environmental analysis by seizing on various bits of information and data in the Jimtown Project NEPA documents (the EA, DN/FONSI, SIR and Biological Evaluation) to claim that substantial questions exist as to whether the Jimtown Project may have a significant effect on the environment. The Biological Evaluation and DN/FONSI acknowledged that the Jimtown Project may impact individual goshawks and their habitat, but determined that this impact was not significant.
The presence of negative effects regarding the impact of the Jimtown Project on goshawks or even information favorable to Native Ecosystems’s position in the project’s NEPA documents, however, does not mean Native Ecosystems has demonstrated that the Jimtown Project’s impacts are “highly controversial” or “highly uncertain.” A project is “highly controversial” if there is a “ ‘substantial dispute [about] the size, nature, or effect of the major Federal action rather than the existence of opposition to a use.’ ” Blue Mountains, 161 F.3d at 1212 (quoting Sierra Club v. U.S. Forest Serv., 843 F.2d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir.1988)). Further, in explaining the “highly uncertain” standard, we stated:
An agency must generally prepare an EIS if the environmental effects of a proposed agency action are highly uncertain. Preparation of an EIS is mandated where uncertainty may be resolved by further collection of data, or where the collection of such data may prevent “speculation on potential ... effects. The purpose of an EIS is to obviate the need for speculation by insuring that available data are gathered and analyzed prior to the implementation of the proposed action.”
National Parks, 241 F.3d at 731-32 (alteration in original) (citations omitted) (quoting Sierra Club, 843 F.2d at 1195).
The use of the word “highly” in the NEPA regulations to modify “controversial” and “uncertain” means that information merely favorable to Native Ecosystems’s position in the NEPA documents does not necessarily raise a substantial question about the significance of the project’s environmental effects. Rather, as our explanation of the NEPA regulations makes clear, something more must exist for this court to label a project highly controversial or highly uncertain. Simply because a challenger can cherry pick information and data out of the administrative record to support its position does not mean that a project is highly controversial or highly uncertain.
Under Native Ecosystems’s theory, any information included in an EA and its supporting NEPA documents that admits impacts on wildlife species and their habitat would trigger the preparation of an EIS. Not only would such a standard deter candid disclosure of negative information, it does not follow that the presence of some negative effects necessarily rises to the level of demonstrating a significant effect on the environment. We decline to interpret NEPA as requiring the preparation of an EIS any time that a federal agency discloses adverse impacts on wildlife species or their habitat or acknowledges information favorable to a party that would prefer a different outcome. NEPA permits a federal agency to disclose such impacts without automatically triggering the “substantial questions” threshold. In short, NEPA requires us to determine whether the Forest Service took a “hard look” at the environmental consequences of a proposed action.
A “hard look” should, of course, involve the discussion of adverse impacts. A “hard look” does not dictate a soft touch or brush-off of negative effects. But such information does not automatically make the project “highly controversial” or “highly uncertain” for the purposes of determining whether substantial questions exist as to the significance of the effect. We turn then to Native Ecosystems’s various claims that substantial questions exist as to whether the Jimtown Project may have a significant effect on the environment.
a. GOSHAWK HABITAT COMPONENTS
Native Ecosystems asserts that as to the goshawks, the project is highly controversial and highly uncertain because the Forest Service failed to abide by a 1992 Forest Service report, “Management Recommendations for the Northern Goshawk in the Southwestern United States” (“Reynolds Report”). According to Native Ecosystems, the EA failed to address the Reynolds Report goshawk habitat recommendations pertaining to old growth, post-fledgling family areas, and canopy cover. This argument fails because the Forest Service referenced the Reynolds Report multiple times in the various Jimtown NEPA documents and specifically addressed each of these habitat recommendations.
Although the Reynolds Report recommends maintaining a certain percentage of old growth in a goshawk’s home range, it is significant that no old growth exists in the project area. As a result, the Jimtown Project is not capable of negatively impacting the old growth component of the Jim-town goshawk home range. It can hardly be said that a controversy or uncertainty exists under these circumstances. More pointedly, Native Ecosystems’s concern that the Forest Service fails to demonstrate in the EA that it has set aside sufficient old growth habitat for goshawks ignores the very purpose of the Jimtown Project — creation of a landscape that permits large trees to mature into old growth. The DN/FONSI explained that “[o]ne of the goals of the project is to create a stand structure that will allow old-growth to develop on the site over the long term and remain intact in the face of fire,” an objective that precisely meets Native Ecosystems’s concern.
Both the Biological Evaluation and DN/FONSI cite the Reynolds Report habitat designations, including the nesting, post-fledgling, and foraging area acreage recommendations, and discuss their impact at length before concluding that the Jim-town Project will not deprive the nearby goshawk home ranges of these necessary components. Native Ecosystems complains that the Forest Service failed to specifically delineate a post-fledgling family area to be preserved around the 2000 and 2002 goshawk nest stand 150 yards from the Jimtown Project area. The Biological Evaluation and DN/FONSI establish that the Forest Service took a hard look at the available post-fledgling family area habitat in the vicinity of the Jimtown Project. Indeed, the Forest Service’s point-by-point response to Native Ecosystems’s post-SIR comments underscores our conclusion that the Forest Service took a hard look and fairly considered the Reynolds Report habitat recommendations:
[T]he area proposed for thinning is not good[post-fledgling family area] habitat. ...
The key unburned habitat needed to sustain breeding and provide core [post-fledgling family areas] for young goshawks is in the dense, multi-layered mature forest in the nest stand itself and in other such stands spread across north and north east slopes south and west of the project area. These stands are outside the proposed thinning area. As a result, the best habitat contributing to local [post-fledgling family areas] will be retained, and goshawks will be able to continue fledging young in the 2000/2002 nest stand.
Finally, Native Ecosystems urges that the Forest Service’s failure to disclose the canopy closure in the area before and after the project makes the impact of the project on goshawk habitat “highly uncertain.” Although the NEPA documents did not specify percentages of canopy cover in the same manner as delineated in the Reynolds Report, the Forest Service did not ignore the impact of changes to canopy closure in the project area. Nothing in the law or the science mandates wholesale adoption of the details of the Reynolds Report. Ultimately, while the Forest Service concluded that the project would reduce suitable habitat by about 720 acres, due in part to reduced canopy cover as a result of the thinning component of the project, the project would leave intact sufficient acreage to provide for resident goshawks — about 6,780 acres of mostly forested habitat.
The Forest Service’s goshawk habitat analysis and consideration of the Reynolds Report demonstrate the project is neither highly controversial nor highly uncertain. Native Ecosystems’s effort to identify conflicts between the Jimtown Project and the Reynolds Report does not raise substantial questions that would trigger the need for an EIS. In fact, as the Reynolds Report explained, current forest conditions put the existing goshawk habitat in jeopardy and thus the proposed thinning and burning would actually be necessary to sustain goshawks and their prey. The push-pull situation of the goshawk is a reality not a fiction. While the Reynolds Report outlines ideal goshawk habitat conditions, including - optimum old-growth, post-fledgling, and canopy cover prescriptions, the Report also recognizes that stand-replacing fires wipe out these critical habitat components in them entirety. The proposed Jimtown Project seeks to balance the sometimes conflicting goshawk habitat needs as outlined in the Reynolds Report, and thereby makes a reasoned and reasonable choice between the competing goals of preserving the goshawk’s current habitat and promoting a sustainable, long-term habitat for the goshawk.
b. IMPACT ON GOSHAWK PREY
Native Ecosystems also contends substantial questions are raised by the uncertain effects of the Jimtown Project on red squirrels, which serve as prey for the goshawk. In support of this challenge, Native Ecosystems seizes on the conclusion in the EA that certain species, including the red squirrel, would decline in the project area as a result of the changed habitat. Native Ecosystems reads the EA as saying that red squirrel populations would suffer a “sharp decline” as a result of the project. The EA’s statement is much less dramatic in context:
The abundance of several species would decline as a result of proposed changes in habitat structure, but it is unlikely that any species would disappear. Specie s that would suffer the sharpest population declines are those tied to the denser stands of mature trees and to the thickets of seedling and sapling conifers. These animals would shift primarily to unthinned reserves in and adjacent to the project area. Species likely to decline are the ruby-crowned kinglet, yellow-rumped warbler, white-breasted nuthatch, red squirrel, porcupine, and brown creeper.
The identification of potential declines does not permit us to leap to the conclusion that the EA raises substantial questions on project impact, especially where the EA also concluded that the thinned stand would continue to provide prey for goshawks:
Overstory thinning would reduce the density of red squirrels — a primary prey item — and make the project area less inviting to foraging goshawks. The thinned stand would continue to support a variety of suitable prey species (hairy woodpeckers, mourning doves, robins, Townsend’s solitaires) and local goshawks might continue to exploit it.
Where other prey species will be available, Native Ecosystems’s focus on the red squirrel does not demonstrate that the project’s effects are highly uncertain.
c. RELIANCE ON THE BULL-SWEATS EIS
Native Ecosystems challenges the Forest Service’s reliance on the Bull-Sweats Project EIS as a demonstration that the Jimtown Project will not have a significant effect on the environment. The 1996 Bull-Sweats Project was simply a larger version of the same type of fuels reduction project proposed for the Jimtown area. The Forest Service prepared an EIS for Bull-Sweats, which was incorporated by reference into the Jimtown documentation. In concluding that an EIS was not necessary for the Jimtown Project, the Forest Service observed that the proposed management practices were not unique and that monitoring of other projects, particularly the nearby Bull-Sweats Project, documented that such projects did not have significant effects.
Native Ecosystems points to a Forest Service monitoring log to conclude, based on a lack of goshawk sightings in the Bull-Sweats Project area after 1998, that the project somehow eliminated goshawks resident in the project area prior to the Bull-Sweats thinning. The Forest Service offers a very different interpretation of the log, noting that field monitoring showed that goshawks in the Bull-Sweats area change nest sites each year regardless of logging activity and that goshawks are not averse to occupying nest sites close to logged areas. Further, according to the Forest Service, the monitoring data “demonstrates that thinning can be done in a way that will not eliminate local goshawk territories, but that large stand replacement fires will eliminate them.” (citations to administrative record omitted). We defer to the Forest Service’s explanation of the log.
Native Ecosystems tries to create a facade of high controversy by citing to comments submitted by Dr. Sara Jane Johnson, a wildlife biologist and representative of Native Ecosystems. Dr. Johnson concluded the monitoring log demonstrated that the Bull-Sweats Project eliminated a pair of goshawks. “When specialists express conflicting views, an agency must have discretion to rely on the reasonable opinions of its own qualified experts even if, as an original matter, a court might find contrary views more persuasive.” Marsh v. Oregon Natural Res. Council, 490 U.S. 360, 378, 109 S.Ct. 1851, 104 L.Ed.2d 377 (1989). The Forest Service’s conclusion that the Bull-Sweats Project did not have a significant effect on goshawks and their habitat (and its reliance on this conclusion in the Jimtown EA and DN/FONSI) was not arbitrary and capricious.
In summary, the Forest Service’s consideration and application of the Reynolds Report goshawk habitat recommendations in its NEPA documentation defeats Native Ecosystems’s attempt to characterize the Jimtown Project’s impacts as highly uncertain or controversial. Dr. Johnson’s interpretation of the Reynolds Report and goshawk monitoring data simply does not rise to the high level of controversy that was present in other Ninth Circuit cases where we faulted the agency review. See Sierra Club, 843 F.2d at 1193-94 (noting testimony from numerous experts that demonstrate the inadequacies of an EA); Blue Mountains, 161 F.3d at 1213 (explaining that a Forest Service EA failed to consider a report on post-fire logging despite the specific directions of the regional forest supervisor to do so); National Parks, 241 F.3d at 736 (noting that eight-five percent of 450 comments received during administrative review opposed the EA’s preferred alternative). Nor will we “take sides in a battle of the experts,” id. at 736 n. 14, as the Forest Service considered and applied the Reynolds Report and provided a thorough and reasoned explanation for its rejection of Dr. Johnson’s position.
2. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ANALYSIS
Although we conclude that the project-specific challenges to the Jimtown Project EA withstand scrutiny, our analysis does not end there. In determining whether an action is significant for the purposes of preparing an EIS, an, agency must consider “whether the action is related to other actions with individually insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts.” 40 C.F.R. § 1508.27(b)(7) (2000). The regulations further provide:
Significance exists if it is reasonable to anticipate a cumulatively significant impact on the environment. Significance cannot be avoided by terming an action temporary or by breaking it down into small component parts.
Id. In accord with the regulatory directives, the Forest Service offered extensive analysis of the cumulative impacts of the Jimtown Project. A review of the DN/FONSI reveals an articulate and careful cumulative effects analysis that took into consideration the impacts of the Cave Gulch fire, the 1986 North Hills fire, two minor thinning projects, and the Bull-Sweats Project. The DN/FONSI recognized that within the cumulative effects area — defined as 29,900 acres — three goshawk home ranges exist, and within each home range, the Forest Service identified the necessary components of goshawk habitat. The DN/FONSI then detailed, from a quantitative perspective, the impact of the project on nest sites and acreage suitable as goshawk habitat. The Forest Service concluded the Jimtown Project’s impact on the immediate goshawk home range will not cause it to fall below the Reynolds' Report acreage recommendations for nesting, post-fledgling family, and foraging areas, let alone result in a cumulatively significant effect when considered in light of other recent projects and fires in this area of the Helena National Forest. Because significant evidence in the record supports the Forest Service’s conclusion that the goshawk’s home range will remain viable under the Jimtown Project, we conclude that the Forest Service easily satisfies the standard we articulated in Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain I: “To ‘consider’ cumulative effects, some quantified or detailed information is required. Without such information, neither the courts nor the public, in reviewing the Forest Service’s decisions, can be assured that the Forest Service provided the hard look that it is required to provide.” 137 F.3d at 1379.
B. CONSIDERATION OF RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES
NEPA requires federal agencies to “study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to recommended courses of action in any proposal which involves unresolved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources.” 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(E). The alternatives provision of NEPA applies whether an agency is preparing an EIS or an EA, and NEPA’s implementing regulations require an EA to include “brief discussions of the need for the proposal, of alternatives as required by [42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(E)], of the environmental impacts of the proposed action and alternatives, and a listing of agencies and persons consulted.” 40 C.F.R. § 1508.9(b) (2000); see also Bob Marshall Alliance, 852 F.2d at 1229 (“[A]ny proposed federal action involving unresolved conflicts as to the proper use of resources triggers NEPA’s consideration of alternatives requirement, whether or not an EIS is also required.”). In short, NEPA “requires that alternatives ... be given full and meaningful consideration.” Bob Marshall Alliance, 852 F.2d at 1229.
Native Ecosystems discredits the Jim-town EA as insufficient because it did not consider a reasonable range of alternatives to the proposed project. Native Ecosystems’s argument is confusing. In one breath, Native Ecosystems faults the Forest Service for failing to consider a “range” of alternatives — suggesting that its concern is with the number of altérna-tives considered by the Forest Service. In the next breath, Native Ecosystems faults the Forest Service for failing to consider an alternative to the Jimtown Project that would “comply” with the Helena National Forest’s Forest Plan — suggesting that its concern is with the substance of the alternatives considered by the Forest Service.
If Native Ecosystems is simply concerned with the number of alternatives considered by the Forest Service in the Jimtown Project EA, Native Ecosystems’s claim fails. The Forest Service’s Jimtown Project EA considered a total of six alternatives, four of which were raised but rejected without detailed consideration. Of the six proposed alternatives, two alternatives — a “no action” alternative and the “preferred alternative” (the proposed Jim-town Project) — were the focus of the EA and given detailed consideration by the Forest Service. Native Ecosystems ignores the four alternatives dismissed by the agency, and contends that the EA’s development of only two alternatives failed to meet NEPA’s requirements.
NEPA and its implementing regulations only require the following with respect to the number of alternatives that must be considered by an agency: 1) the agency must consider “appropriate” alternatives to recommended courses of action, 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(E); 2) an EIS must “[rjigorously explore and objectively evaluate all reasonable alternatives” and must explain why it has eliminated an alternative from detailed study, 40 C.F.R. § 1502.14(a) (2000) (emphasis added); 3) the agency must consider a “no action” alternative, id. § 1502.14(d); and 4) the agency must designate a “preferred” alternative, id. § 1502.14(e). The statutory and regulatory requirements that an agency must consider “appropriate” and “reasonable” alternatives does not dictate the minimum number of alternatives that an agency must consider.
To the extent that Native Ecosystems is complaining that having only two final alternatives — -no action and a preferred alternative — violates the regulatory scheme, a plain reading of the regulations dooms that argument. So long as “all reasonable alternatives” have been considered and an appropriate explanation is provided as to why an alternative was eliminated, the regulatory requirement is satisfied. In short, the regulation does not impose a numerical floor on alternatives to be considered.
Nor have we previously imposed a numerical requirement as the bellwether of reasonableness. Rather, the substance of the alternatives has been a focus, not the sheer number of alternatives considered. See Muckleshoot Indian Tribe v. U.S. Forest Serv., 177 F.3d 800, 813-14 (9th Cir.1999) (noting that the Forest Service failed to consider an adequate range of alternatives because its EIS included a “no action” alternative and two nearly identical action alternatives, none of which were “more consistent with [the agency’s] basic policy objectives than the alternatives that were the subject of final consideration.”); see also W. Land Exch. Project v. Dombeck, 47 F.Supp.2d 1196, 1211-12 (D.Or.1999) (concluding that the Forest Service met its statutory obligations where it had considered and dismissed six alternative plans that did not meet the purpose and needs of the proposed project).
We turn now to the substance of the alternatives considered by the Forest Service, and the potential alternatives raised by Native Ecosystems, to determine whether the Forest Service considered “appropriate” and “reasonable” alternatives under NEPA. In undertaking this analysis, we join our sister circuits in holding that an agency’s obligation to consider alternatives under an EA is a lesser one than under an EIS. In rejecting any alternatives, the agency must only include “brief discussions of the need for the proposal, of alternatives required by [42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(E)], of the environmental impacts of the proposed action and alternatives, and a listing of agencies and persons consulted.” 40 C.F.R. § 1508.9(b) (2000). See Mt. Lookout—Mt. Nebo Prop. Prot. Ass’n v. Fed. Energy Regulatory Comm’n, 143 F.3d 165, 172 (4th Cir.1998) (“The rigor with which an agency must consider alternatives is greater when the agency determines that an EIS is required for a particular federal action.”); Sierra Club v. Espy, 38 F.3d 792, 803 (5th Cir.1994) (same); Friends of the Ompompanoosuc v. Fed. Energy Regulatory Comm’n, 968 F.2d 1549, 1558 (2d Cir.1992) (same).
In judging whether the Forest Service considered appropriate and reasonable alternatives, we focus first on the stated purpose for the Jimtown Project. See Idaho Conservation League v. Mumma, 956 F.2d 1508, 1520 (9th Cir.1992) (benchmarking whether an alternative is reasonable, and should have been considered by the Forest Service in its EA or EIS, depends on the “ ‘nature and scope of the proposed action’ ” (quoting California v. Block, 690 F.2d 753, 761 (9th Cir.1982))). The “Purpose and Need” section of the EA states:
The purpose is to maintain healthy, sustainable ecosystems that 1) reduce fire risk, 2) control noxious weeds and provide native habitats similar to the habitat that existed when fire was a natural component of the ecosystem, and 3) provide wood for people’s use.
Alternatives that do not advance the purpose of the Jimtown Project will not be considered reasonable or appropriate. See Westlands Water Dist. v. U.S. Dep’t of Interior, 376 F.3d 853, 868 (9th Cir.2004) (“The ‘range of alternatives that must be considered in the EIS need not extend beyond those reasonably related to the purposes of the project.’ ” (quoting Laguna Greenbelt, Inc. v. U.S. Dep’t of Transp., 42 F.3d 517, 524 (9th Cir.1994))).
According to Native Ecosystems, the Forest Service did not consider a “reasonable” range of alternatives because it failed to consider an alternative that would fully comply with the current Helena-National Forest Plan. Native Ecosystems first claims the Forest Service should have considered an alternative that did not involve commercial harvest as part of the thinning portion of the Jimtown Project. Native Ecosystems goes on to argue the Forest Service should have considered in detail an alternative that did not require amendment of the Helena National Forest Plan’s hiding cover/road density standard, but instead, included treatment measures designed to move the project area into compliance with the Forest Plan’s hiding cover/road density standard.
The EA’s preferred alternative proposes to offer the commercial sale of any marketable timber from the thinning component of the Jimtown Project. The project area is designated as a livestock grazing area under the Helena National Forest Plan, which provides: “Timber harvest may be used as a tool to improve forage production [in designated livestock grazing areas]. However, forested land is classified as unsuitable for timber management.” . Native Ecosystems’s insistence that this designation prevents a commercial timber harvest in the Jimtown Project area is a misinterpretation of the plan, which does not prohibit commercial timber harvest on the project lands — only “timber management.” “Timber management” is defined as “the purposeful growing, tending, harvesting, and regeneration of regulated crops of trees to be cut into logs, bolts or other round sections for industrial or consumer use.”
The Forest Service will not engage in “timber management” in the Jimtown Project area if it adopts the EA’s preferred alternative. Rather, the Forest Service would be thinning to reduce fire risk; a service contractor will be permitted to sell any commercially viable small trees taken during the thinning. These actions do not amount to timber management in violation of the Helena National Forest Plan. The Forest Service persuasively points out that whether or not the preferred alternative involved a commercial sale component, the environmental impacts of the project are the same: a commercial component does not affect the project’s design because the project focuses on fuels reduction and not on profitability. The availability of commercial timber is simply a collateral benefit to the government and does not change the purpose or scope of the project. Native Ecosystems has not persuaded us that the Forest Service ignored a reasonable alternative.
Native Ecosystems also asks us to invalidate the EA because the Forest Service did not consider an alternative that would not require an amendment of the Helena National Forest Plan’s hiding cover/road density standard. This challenge does not make sense in the context of the Jim-town Project. The project was conceived in an effort to address the increased vegetation resulting from long-term fire suppression. The objective is to remove excess fuels and reduce the potential for large-scale fires that could ultimately wipe out any hiding cover. Increasing short-term hiding cover conditions will lead to an inevitable stand-replacing wildfire, a condition that might obliterate all hiding cover for the long term. As the Forest Service noted: “While continued exclusion of fire can allow for development of dense sapling understories and thereby provide hiding cover for a period, these conditions are clearly not sustainable over time.” Consequently, the Forest Service determined that sustaining some cover over time is preferable to losing a large percentage of it in a single event. See Akiak Native Cmty. v. U.S. Postal Serv., 213 F.3d 1140, 1148 (9th Cir.2000) (observing that “it makes no sense” for the Postal Service to consider alternatives that do not promote the goal of improving efficiency when “the [agency’s] purpose is to accomplish one thing.”) (quoting City of Angoon v. Hodel, 803 F.2d 1016, 1021 (9th Cir.1986) (per curiam)). When the purpose of the Jim-town Project is to reduce fire risk, the Forest Service need not consider alternatives that would increase fire risk.
Native Ecosystems’s proposed alternative also would have been redundant. The DN/FONSI makes clear that if Native Ecosystems wanted an alternative that did not involve amending the Helena National Forest Plan and moved the project area closer to compliance with the current hiding cover/road density standard, it got one — the “no action” alternative. NEPA does not require federal agencies to consider alternatives that are substantially similar to other alternatives. See Westlands Water Dist., 376 F.3d at 868 (“Nor is an agency required to undertake a ‘separate analysis of alternatives which are not significantly distinguishable from alternatives actually considered, or which have substantially similar consequences.’ ” (quoting Headwaters, Inc. v. Bureau of Land Mgmt., 914 F.2d 1174, 1181 (9th Cir.1990))).
We are not persuaded by Native Ecosystems’s reliance upon Muckleshoot Indian Tribe to support its demand for a “no forest plan amendment” alternative. In Muckleshoot, we faulted the Forest Service for failing to consider “an alternative that was more consistent with its basic policy objectives than the alternatives that were the subject of final consideration.” 177 F.3d at 813.
In light of Native Ecosystems’s failure to raise substantial questions that demonstrate the Jimtown Project may have a significant effect on the environment, the Forest Service’s consideration of a “no action” alternative and its “preferred” alternative met its statutory and regulatory duty to prepare appropriate alternatives for the Jimtown Project EA.
III. NATIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT ACT CLAIMS
NFMA creates a two-step process for the management of our national forests. Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain I, 137 F.3d at 1376. The Forest Service must first develop a Land Resource Management Plan (“Forest Plan”) for each unit of the National Forest System. 16 U.S.C. § 1604(f)(1). For individual management actions within a forest unit, all relevant plans, contracts, or permits must be consistent with each forest’s overall management plan. Id. § 1604(1).
In addition, NFMA imposes substantive requirements on the Forest Service’s management of the national forests. Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain I, 137 F.3d at 1376. NFMA requires that forest plans “provide for diversity of plant and animal communities based on the suitability and capability of the specific land area.” 16 U.S.C. § 1604(g)(3)(B). The Forest Service’s NFMA regulations further require:
Fish and wildlife habitat shall be managed to maintain viable populations of existing native and desired non-native vertebrate species in the planning area. For planning purposes, a viable population shall be regarded as one which has the estimated numbers and distribution of reproductive individuals to insure its continued existence is well distributed in the planning area. In order to insure that viable populations will be maintained, habitat must be provided to support, at least, a minimum number of reproductive individuals and that habitat must be well distributed so that those individuals can interact with others in the planning area.
36 C.F.R. § 219.19 (2000). The duty to ensure viable populations “applies with special force” to sensitive species. Inland Empire Pub. Lands Council v. U.S. Forest Serv., 88 F.3d 754, 759 (9th Cir.1996).
Native Ecosystems claims the Forest Service failed to comply with the substantive wildlife requirements of the NFMA. Specifically, Native Ecosystems claims the Forest Service failed to ensure goshawk viability, in violation of the NFMA, by failing to discuss forest-wide goshawk population trends and the impacts the Jim-town Project would have on goshawk viability and population trends. The 1986 Helena National Forest Plan designated goshawks as a management indicator species, and the Forest Service considers the goshawk to be a “sensitive species.” As a result, Native Ecosystems contends the Forest Service had a substantive duty under NFMA to ensure forest-wide goshawk viability before approving a project that would impact goshawk habitat.
Although Native Ecosystems admits that the Forest Service has monitored goshawks in the Helena National Forest for more than eight years, Native Ecosystems claims this monitoring fails to establish the existence of a viable population of goshawks. The record contains a 2002 Goshawk Nest Monitoring Report that chronicles goshawk sightings and goshawk nests from 1995 through 2002 in the Helena National Forest. The record also contains a 2003 chart listing goshawk sightings and nests from 1992 through 2003. On the basis of these reports, Native Ecosystems claims that there is not a viable population of goshawks in the Helena National Forest, or at least that goshawk viability cannot be presumed based on these charts. According to Native Ecosystems, the Forest Service must positively demonstrate forest-wide goshawk viability before proceeding with the Jimtown Project. See Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain II, 303 F.3d at 1069 (“[Compliance with NFMA’s forest-wide species viability requirements is relevant to the lawfulness of any individual timber sale.”).
In contrast, the Forest Service views its responsibility under NFMA to ensure the viability of animal species as a duty to ensure adequate habitat for wildlife species, not an obligation to ensure the actual viability of a species in every locale. See 36 C.F.R. § 219.19 (2000) (“[HJabitat shall be managed to maintain viable populations ....”); see also id. § 219.19(a)(6) (“Population trends of the management indicator species will be monitored and relationships to habitat changes determined.”). Because the Forest Service concluded that the Jimtown Project will not have a significant effect on goshawk habitat, the Forest Service concludes that the project meets NFMA’s species viability requirement by preserving goshawk habitat. In addition, the Forest Service contends Native Ecosystems misinterpreted the two goshawk observation charts and argues that the charts demonstrate a nearly fifty percent occupancy rate of potential goshawk home ranges.
Our case law permits the Forest Service to meet the wildlife species viability requirements by preserving habitat, but only where both the Forest Service’s knowledge of what quality and quantity of habitat is necessary to support the species and the Forest Service’s method for measuring the existing amount of that habitat are reasonably reliable and accurate. Compare Idaho Sporting Cong. v. Thomas, 137 F.3d 1146, 1154 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that under the circumstances of that case the Forest Service could use habitat as a proxy for population if the Forest Service performed further analysis and showed that “no appreciable habitat disturbance” would result from the planned activity) and Idaho Sporting Cong. v. Rittenhouse, 305 F.3d 957, 967-68, 972-73 (9th Cir.2002) (holding that use of habitat as a proxy for population monitoring of the management indicator species was arbitrary and capricious where record indicated that the Forest Service’s habitat standard and measurements were erroneous).
We recently explained the proxy-on-proxy approach to ensuring species viability under the NFMA:
We have, in appropriate cases, allowed the Forest Service to avoid studying the population trends of the Indicator Species by using Indicator Species habitat as a proxy for Indicator Species population trends in a so-called “proxy on proxy” approach. Crucial to this approach, however, is that the methodology for identifying the habitat proxy be sound. If the habitat trend data is flawed, the proxy on proxy result, here population trends, will be equally flawed.
Lands Council v. Powell, 395 F.3d 1019, 1036 (9th Cir.2005) (footnotes and internal citations omitted).
The record does not demonstrate any flaws in the methodology used by the Forest Service to identify goshawk habitat. Both the Forest Service and Native Ecosystems endorse the habitat recommendations in the Reynolds Report as the best available science on goshawk habitat. The Forest Service’s habitat analysis revealed that even if the Jimtown Project thinning area is not used by the nearby goshawk pair, there will be ample habitat available to them. A goshawk home range should contain approximately 5,400 acres of foraging habitat. The Jimtown Project will diminish the goshawk foraging habitat in the goshawk home range by approximately 480 acres (720 acres prior to the Jimtown Fire), leaving at least 6,780 acres of suitable foraging habitat in the relevant goshawk home range. The remaining foraging habitat exceeds the Reynolds Report recommendation of 5,400 acres of foraging habitat per goshawk home range. Given that the Jimtown Project area does not contain old growth forest and is designed to create an ecosystem that can support old-growth in the long-term, and given that the NEPA documents incorporate the Reynolds Report habitat recommendations, we conclude that the Forest Service satisfied NFMA’s species viability requirements by demonstrating that adequate goshawk habitat is preserved.
While the Forest Service experts predict that goshawks will use the thinned area of the Jimtown Project for foraging, there will still be sufficient foraging habitat even if the goshawks avoid the project area after thinning. The long-term benefit of preventing stand-replacing fires, which completely destroy goshawk habitat, is preferable over any short-term benefit the goshawks might receive from retaining the dense forest structure in the project area. The Forest Service considered the relevant factors and there has not been a clear error of judgment.
Consequently, we uphold the agency action under the APA’s arbitrary and capricious standard.
AFFIRMED.
. Environmental law cases inevitably involve an alphabet soup of acronyms. To the extent possible, we have minimized the use of acronyms. As an aid to the reader, we provide a key to the few acronyms used in this opinion: 1) NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act); 2) EA (Environmental Assessment); 3) EIS (Environmental Impact Statement); 4) NFMA (National Forest Management Act); 5) DN/FONSI (Decision Notice/ Finding of No Significant Impáct); 6) SIR (Supplemental Information Report); and 7) APA (Administrative Procedure Act).
. During oral argument, counsel for Native Ecosystems withdrew its motion to supplement the record with the Helena National Forest’s June 1994 Five Year Review. As a result, we disregard all of Native Ecosystems’s arguments in its amended briefs pertaining to the June 1994 Five Year Review. We deem Native Ecosystems’s motion to supplement the record to be moot.
Native Ecosystems included another document that was not part of the administrative record in its original Excerpts of Record ("Goshawks in the North Big Belt Landscape Through 2003”). The Forest Service’s brief urged us to ignore this goshawk monitoring log. Native Ecosystems removed the 2003 log from its amended Excerpts of Record and moved the log to Appendix 1 of its amended opening brief. During oral argument, counsel for the Forest Service informed the court that it may use the 2003 log as demonstrative evidence of information in the administrative record. We will ignore the Forest Service's request that the panel disregard the 2003 log.
.' According to the Forest Service, stand-replacing fire consumed more than sixty percent of the forested habitat within the perimeter of the 30,000 acres affected by the Cave Gulch fire.
. Although the Forest Service considers the northern goshawk to be a sensitive species, the Ninth Circuit recently determined that the Fish and Wildlife Service's decision not to list the goshawk as either threatened or endangered was supported by ample evidence, which included a determination that the goshawk population was not declining in the western states. Ctr. for Biological Diversity v. Badgley, 335 F.3d 1097, 1100-01 (9th Cir.2003).
. New regulations amending the forest planning rule were adopted on November 9, 2000. See National Forest System Land and Resource Management Planning, 65 Fed.Reg. 67,514 (Nov. 9, 2000). However, application of these regulations was delayed. See National Forest System Land and Resource Management Planning; Extension of Compliance Deadline for Site-Specific Projects, 68 Fed. Reg. 53,294 (Sept. 10, 2003). As a result, the regulations relevant to the Jimtown Project are found in the July 1, 2000 Code of Federal Regulations. 36 C.F.R. 219.19 (2000).
. The EA stated that the Bull-Sweats project was “very similar in many respects to the Jimtown proposed action,” and that the "habitats in the Bull-Sweats area are nearly identical to those in the Jimtown Project area.”
.The DN/FONSI described the purpose of the hiding cover/road density standard:
The Forest Plan contains an objective for maintaining big game habitat capability and hunter opportunity so as to provide for a first week [of the big game rifle season] bull elk harvest that does not exceed 40 percent of the total bull harvested[of the five week general season]. To help meet this objective, the Plan adopted a standard that calculates habitat capability [security] on an index that combines open road density and hiding cover.
DN/FONSI, Attachment 1 at 21 (alteration in original).
. The district court noted that the Forest Service actually proposed six alternatives in the EA — the no-action and proposed project alternatives, and four other alternatives that were dismissed from detailed consideration: "Although the two alternatives that the[Helena National Forest] considered amount to minimal compliance with NEPA, the [Helena National Forest] remained in compliance with NEPA nonetheless. The [Helena National Forest] considered six reasonable alternatives, including a no-action and preferred alternative. ... This is all NEPA requires.”
. "Cumulative impact” is defined as "the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time.” 40 C.F.R. § 1508.7 (2000).
. Unlike Neighbors of Cuddy Mountain I, ■ where the "Forest Service ... failed to even mention the number or percentage of trees meeting the definition of old growth that would be destroyed,” 137 F.3d at 1379, here the Forest Service identified the number of goshawk home ranges impacted by prior fires and actions in the Jimtown Project cumulative effects area and specifically considered the impact the Jimtown Project and other actions had on goshawk home ranges and the critical components of each home range.
. Curry v. U.S. Forest Serv., 988 F.Supp. 541 (W.D.Pa.1997), is not to the contrary. The court in Curry was not focused solely on the fact that the Forest Service offered only two alternatives in its EA; rather, the court first resolved that the project warranted an EIS instead of an EA because of a potential significant impact on the environment. The court went on to voice its concern that the Forest Service failed to consider a “broad range of reasonable alternatives” as required by NEPA. Id. at 551-54. Curry simply does not support Native Ecosystems’s argument that an EA violates NEPA simply because it has only a “no action” alternative and a "preferred” alternative.
. One of the four alternatives raised but rejected by the Forest Service would have removed the commercial sale component from the proposed Jimtown Project. The other three alternatives considered but dismissed from detailed study were (1) an alternative that would not involve building a temporary road, (2) an alternative that would use another method of weed control, and (3) an alternative that would expand the proposed project. The Forest Service dismissed the no-road alternative because it concluded either the no-action alternative captured this goal or the Forest Service could alter the preferred alternative to achieve the same purpose. The Forest Service determined that the weed control ánd project expansion alternatives also were unreasonable. Native Ecosystems does not challenge the dismissal of these three alternatives from detailed consideration.
. The party proposing the no commercial harvest alternative during the NEPA public comment period was concerned that a commercial sale would lead to the harvest of large trees. The Forest Service dismissed these concerns in the EA in its explanation for why it was not giving the proposed alternative detailed consideration:
The proposal is commercial in the sense that a service contractor would have the right to remove smaller diameter trees with commercial value. The contractor would also be required to remove many trees without commercial value. The purpose and need for the project does not specify the need to produce a commercial timber sale. It is hoped that there will be sufficient value in the surplus material to help accomplish the thinning, prescribed fire, and weed treatment proposed. The guidelines for designating leave trees and trees for removal are specified in the “Stand Density Harvest Prescription” which is in the project file.
. Native Ecosystems’s suggestion also fails to recognize that the Jimtown Project area is already out of compliance with the hiding cover/road density requirements for big game under the Helena National Forest Plan. According to the DN/FONSI: "The wildlife analysis for this project concluded that even the 'no action' alternative fails to comply with the standard.”
. We do not address Native Ecosystems's NFMA arguments based on the Helena National Forest’s 1994 Forest Plan Five Year Review because the Five Year Review was not part of the administrative record. See supra note 2.
. The NFMA regulations require the Forest Service to identify management indicator species that will be monitored because the species' "population changes are believed to indicate the effects of management activities.” 36 C.F.R. § 219.19(a)(1) (2000). "Population trends of the management indicator species will be monitored and relationships to habitat changes determined.” Id. § 219.19(a)(6).
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CASELAW
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Relaxing with Cannabinoids: Can CBD Edibles Get You High?
cbd gummiesOh, the worries of mundane life! The things we get all riled up about without no reason at all! The pressure and anxiety we put ourselves under! And for what? Nobody knows. The summer’s here at last, and the only thing we should be worried about is – peach or watermelon, orange or cherry?
CBD edibles are all about fruity flavours and sweet, responsible fun. Can they get you high though? We’re here to find out.
What in the name of Mary Jane is CBD?
cbd edibles
No, you haven’t slept it through. Chemistry 101 rarely tells you anything more than nonsense definitions that no real person will ever again use in actual life, and unless you’ve had a really cool teacher, it’s a thin chance you could have heard anything at all about the subject at hand. Besides, it wasn’t until recently that the official science has given CBD the attention it deserves.
We won’t bother you with chemistry lessons either (it’s recess, for Pete’s sake), but we will tell you what CBD is and a little something about how it works.
It’s an abbreviation for cannabidiol, a chemical compound found in hemp and similar leafy species from the plant world. But, what differentiates it from its cousin cannabinoid molecules is the fact that CBD is completely non-psychoactive. It still has an effect on your body, however, only a milder one. All cannabinoids, CBD included, bind to receptors on your cells in a unique way, but we’ll get there shortly.
For now, it’s enough to know that CBD has finally become a new favourite of medical researchers, after decades of irresponsible avoidance. We say irresponsible because, as it turned out, this chemical compound may just be the key for life-threatening diseases and conditions like cancer and epilepsy.
Its studying promises groundbreaking changes when it comes to schizophrenia and psychotic disorders as well, but we’ll leave studying for another time. The point in case here is that those colourful CBD edibles are not only yummy, but beneficial for your health too.
How Does It Work?
Okay, so we’ve established that CBD is a cannabinoid that acts in a non-psychoactive way. Now let’s find out what happens once you chew and swallow your bear-shaped, CBD-infused gummy. Of course, your taste buds react first, telling your brain that something delightfully pleasant has entered your body. From there on, it’s all basic, cellular chemistry.
As agonists, cannabinoids target cannabinoid receptors on your cells, and bind to them. These receptors are scattered throughout your organism, and together make endocannabinoid system (ECS) – the greatest neurotransmitter in the body, responsible for just about everything from mood, sleep and appetite to memory, immune function and bone development.
What CBD does is balance this system out, thus encouraging its therapeutic effects. As the gummy travels through your body, it releases cannabidiol that soothes ESC, halts all traces of stress, anxiety and depression, and eventually makes you wonderfully relaxed. You feel dazed without being confused, and that’s pretty much everything a ruminative mind could ask for.
How High Can You Really Get?
cbd gummiesCan CBD gummies get you high? Well, that depends on how you define that experience in the first place.
For a lot of people, being high means winding up in paranoia and anxiety. Their brain gets all foggy and their head begins spinning uncontrollably. Then, there’s that inevitable panic attack that hits immediately after.
That’s because psychoactive substances stir up your emotional responses until they eventually boil up and start running amok. Since non-psychoactive, CBD will never get you intoxicated to the point of absolute disinhibition. Instead, it will make you feel incredibly serene.
And, here’s the most brilliant thing about it – CBD lifts you up just like a psychoactive would, but in a positive, smooth and upbeat way that brings a sense of ease and halts all unwanted excitability. The sensation you get is perfectly gentle, your mind becomes clear and focused, and you’re finally given to fly without being condemned to crash right back down to the floor.
What Are the Benefits of CBD Edibles?
We’ve mentioned earlier that CBD gummies don’t only make your mouth all watery and sweet, but trigger some internal mechanisms that have beneficial, long-term effects on your health, too. We’ve also hinted that cannabidiol may mean the long-awaited end of our battle against cancer, epilepsy and mental disorders, just as well as a much-needed relief from stress, anxiety and depression.
Finally, here’s everything that this organic chemical can do for your body, besides the obvious sense of contentment and ease.
• Being rich with anti-inflammatory properties, CBD can mitigate disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (that thing Dr House always assumes his patient have, but neither ever does).
• It’s also an antiemetic, which means it can help you bid adieu to pre-exam vomiting and nausea.
• Cannabidiol suppresses seizure activity as well. You might have heard of Charlotte Figi, a 6 year old epileptic whose parents turned the public opinion around by subduing their little girl’s chronic seizures with CBD oil.
• As an antioxidant, CBD tempers neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
• Though research hasn’t confirmed that yet, scientists have a reason to believe that this chemical can reduce tumours and cancer cells.
• The relation between schizophrenia and CBD is subject to analysis as we speak, all due to our chemical’s antipsychotic properties.
• Just like an apple a day keeps a doctor away, one green apple CBD lolly can help you get rid of your social anxiety, blues and mood swings.
Relaxing with CBD Edibles
cbd edibles
Of course, you can find CBD in oils and capsules too, but where’s the fun in that? Feel Good edibles come in shape of your favourite gummy bears and candies, simultaneously pleasing your adult brain and awakening your inner child. Luscious watermelons are brilliant for the summer, while CBD lollies evoke that sweet, drunken taste of the first July cherries. Whether you chew, lick or both, you are in store for a treat, so prepare to Feel Good!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Untitled
"liberated" that country? Furius 08:17, 31 March 2007 (UTC)
Terminology
Here there is the Sunzha Cossack Okrug, and on the Terek Cossacks page there is the Sunzha Cossack district - are these the same thing and which should be the article name if they are? Jackiespeel (talk) 17:35, 21 February 2018 (UTC)
* "District" is, in general, an acceptable translation of "okrug", but for the encyclopedic purposes "okrug" is more precise and thus preferred. I've changed the link on the Terek Cossacks page. Cheers,—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); March 5, 2018 ; 16:45 (UTC)
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WIKI
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1st AIBA European 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament
1st AIBA European Olympic Boxing Qualifying Tournament was held from February 25 – March 1, 2008 in Roseto degli Abruzzi-Pescara, Italy. During the tournament 250 boxers from 40 countries competed for 26 Olympic qualifying places in 11 different weight categories.
Qualifying
40 teams participated in this tournament: Number in is total boxer in each country
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
* (ENG - 7), (SCO - 4), (WAL - 2)
Competition System
The competition system of the 1st AIBA European Olympic Boxing Qualifying Tournament is the knockout round system. Each boxer fights one match per round.
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WIKI
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Accessibility in UX: How to Make Mobile App Design Work for Everyone
Accessibility in UX: How to Make Mobile App Design Work for Everyone
What is the accessibility of design for mobile apps and websites? What can designers and developers do to provide a full access to mobile services regardless of the physical abilities of a user? In our today’s article, Slava Todavchich, the co-founder of the Moqod company based in the Netherlands, shares the ideas on how to follow the principles of design accessibility, why it is highly important and how mobile accessibility can make the world a bit more warm-hearted.
What Is Accessibility for Mobile
Over 50% of the world’s internet traffic falls at mobile devices. The problem of information access for people with limited physical abilities is probably of the same significance as the total absence of an infrastructure for such people. It is impossible to be a complete member of society without being able to get a necessary information. Do we consider how to provide a comprehensive access to the information for people with hearing or eyesight problems, cognitive impairment and dysmotility?
Now, there’s the list of countries that have already adopted accessibility standards in W3C consortium. The basic principles accessible design of mobile apps are extremely simple: follow a common sense and basics of design guidelines. Quite obviously, any mobile service is a particular tool used for doing some actions in a real life or follows patterns of a real life. Barely any action in a real life of a disabled person takes much more time than of others. That is why the principle of simplicity, purity, and intuitiveness of UI/UX design is especially important.
accessibility in UI design
UX design accessibilty
accessibility in UX
Source: www.apple.com
To check it, let’s do a simple experiment. Let’s imagine a blind man dreaming to find love. Normal wish for the majority of people. Nowadays love is frequently being created in AWS clouds via Tinder mobile app and the like. A beautiful app with a bright UI familiar to the majority of people; all you need to so is just swipe left and right which is “love” or “don’t love”. Now let’s turn on a VoiceOver mode and try to find her or him. The swipes don’t work. The understandable button labels which could be read by the VoiceOver are missing at all. The product is nearly impossible to use. And all that on the days when the same AWS can identify a photo of a person and provide it with a clear voice description fairly enough.
Now let’s consider an example of a great design accessibility implementation in apps. In EU countries according to the law, digital products of state authorities must be accessible for all the users regardless of their capabilities. The Netherlands is the country where each meter of public space, including an information space, is thought out to the smallest details. Streets of major cities and absolutely all railway stations are equipped with signs and tactile fencing. The Netherlands railway app is designed and developed with regard to these requirements. Each label is signed appropriately in all localizations of the app. With your eyes closed, you can build and plan the route, hear the information about the train, stations, delays, buy a ticket, etc.
UX Accessibility Principles
Now let’s get back to the principles of design suitable for everyone. First of all, it’s worth mentioning that there are four main areas of impairments outlined in Accessibility design:
• cognitive;
• visual;
• hearing;
• dysmotility.
These impairments can be both permanent (e.g. paralysis), and temporary (e.g. a broken hand), congenital (autism) and acquired (blurred eyesight or hands tremor for the elderly).
The main principles of accessibility in design are:
Simplicity
The product should be clear even with eyes closed. That includes basic principles of any good design:
• the simplicity of navigation,
• quick start and reaction,
• solid and predictable UX.
Impression
The priority should be set to the clarity of the product and its UI, be it contrast, font size, or correct well-placed labels of buttons, tables, and modal elements.
Responsibility and compassion
Fortunately, the majority of us were not meant to experience the world as a disabled person. That’s why being designers and developers of digital solutions and products, we should take care to make our information accessible for the maximum audience.
Don’t forget to test apps with accessibility functions. Create interfaces with possible options of accessibility: the dynamic font size, the VoiceOver, the amplified contrast, etc.
No significant efforts are required to integrate accessibility into app design. Here are several effective practices which would extend app accessibility for the disabled.
The easiest and most suggestive step here will be marking the app controls, graphics and the necessary dynamic content with corresponding labels in code. Thus, the built-in mechanism of VoiceOver and Talk Back would transcribe their values.
Testing this function isn’t resource-consuming: QAs should just check out the app in VoiceOver and Talk Back modes, and confirm that all the required elements are transcribed and marked appropriately. In case the app supports several localizations, it should be tested in all of them.
You should apply an appropriate dynamic font which could be scaled if the user sets up an enlarged font in settings. Verify that labels are displayed correctly with an enlarged font and that UI of the app isn’t broken. Test the app with various accessibility functions on, such as bold font, increased contract, dark mode, etc. Make sure that UI responds correctly to these changes.
Bottom Line
All the mentioned doesn’t require substantial expenses for development and testing. For many professional teams, it is an obligatory part of any project.
The guides from Google and Apple have a clear description of the detailed principles of an appropriate design for accessibility. The main task for designers and developers is to make a technology accessible. The more accessible a technology is to a greater number of people, the more chances there are to make it beneficial for everyone.
As always, everything depends on the goal. For apps of governmental services and companies, this rule should be obligatory. Hardly it makes sense to be bothered with this if you’re developing another analog of the Instagram with even funnier emojis. However, the broader your audience is growing, the more crucial it is to support the disabled users.
This article originally appeared on icons8
Want to improve your User Experience?
There’s a lot to think about, when it comes to user experience. That’s what we’re here for and it’s what we love doing. We place people (users) at the heart of everything we do throughout our design process.
It’s our aim to make our clients and users lives easier and more successful.
If you have a UX project you want some help with, we have the right solution for you. Email us at info@origin-interactive.co.za or visit our website https://origin-interactive.co.za/contact-us/ for more information.
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Nearly every smart grid application you can name relies on functionality and data from multiple systems. Take condition-based transformer maintenance, for instance. Leading utilities are predicting failures and building proactive maintenance strategies by combining data from their AMI networks along with data about transformers from enterprise asset management systems, then analyzing past failure data from maintenance applications.
Another example is enhanced outage management. Smart meter outage messages can be mapped to linear models to identify faults and then be combined with data from GIS systems for faster and more targeted work crew deployment. Dynamic pricing and residential demand response, conservation voltage reduction, renewables integration -- all are composite applications. Most of the other applications on the smart grid consideration list are composite applications, as well.
Composite applications are the sweet spot for service oriented architecture (or SOA). Briefly, SOA is a loosely coupled system design pattern enabled by a supporting set of software infrastructure tools and internal standards. A free GTM Research smart grid enterprise architecture webinar this Thursday will share highlights from our recently issued smart grid enterprise architecture report, including a briefing on SOA technologies, plus a market forecast.
For now, however, the salient point is that SOA provides a foundation for building smart grid applications.
But SOA requires investments in planning, expertise, and programming muscle-power. Why bother? Here are five reasons:
1. Agility and time-to-market. No one has a crystal ball for where smart grid is going to take us. New and creative uses for AMI and IED (intelligent electronic device) data and features are being discovered all the time. SOA provides a mix-and-match infrastructure for quickly building new applications. Once a core set of SOA building blocks (called “services” in SOA parlance) are built, they can be used to create new applications (called service “consumers”).
2. Improved developer productivity. Integrating with pre-smart grid legacy applications is a messy business. In many cases, core applications like customer information systems (CIS) were never designed with smart grid applications like dynamic pricing or home area network (HAN) integration in mind. SOA makes it possible to build well-defined messaging interfaces to these systems using technology standards like XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and industry standards like IEC Common Information Model (i.e., IEC 61968, part 9). This increases developer productivity and lowers integration costs, since services enable developers to access legacy application features without a detailed knowledge legacy idiosyncrasies.
3. Reuse. Over time, a library of reusable application services can be built and listed in a services registry where they can be discovered and reused by other developers on other projects. Reuse is a good thing, it makes future projects faster, cheaper, and hopefully, better (the tech “big three”).
4. Consistency. SOA makes it possible to create some level of centralized governance and consistency. Once services are built, they can be listed and documented in a services registry. Future applications built with common application services become more consistent, making it possible to adhere to industry standards, and importantly, to extend those standards in a known and well-documented fashion.
5. Lower total cost of ownership (TCO). TCO is an established concept for what it costs to “keep the lights on” with the existing IT environment. It seems like an inevitable law of physics that, over time, more and more IT dollars get chewed-up by routine maintenance and upgrade chores, leaving an ever-declining pool of resources for new development. A key culprit that raises TCO costs is point-to-point integration between applications. Ad-hoc integration creates complex (and often hidden) interdependencies between applications.
SOA solves this problem by using a message broker (called an enterprise service bus or ESB) to route communications between applications. The overall goal is to provide a plug-and-play, publish-and-subscribe infrastructure to replace point-to-point communications and snuff out hidden interdependencies. This streamlines upgrades and makes it possible to swap applications in and out while stable messaging interfaces are maintained. It also provides a centralized environment for change control, debugging, testing, and for building security services. These under-rated benefits become lifesavers when the task is to build robust, predictable and scalable distributed applications.
One of the criticisms of SOA is that it creates more upfront costs. These take the form of middleware and development tools, developer training, planning, and creating and staffing an enterprise architecture competency center (a best practice), and building the services themselves. These initial investments are recouped over time as additional smart grid applications are built.
A good rule of thumb is that SOA ROI increases in concert with system heterogeneity, application complexity, and system scale. The specifics of the business case will vary depending on the smart grid business architecture and overall organization strategy and the complexity of the application portfolio. That said, the best approach is to start small, get some early initial wins and experience, then build more services over time.
While it is possible to build smart grid applications without SOA, it is shortsighted to hurtle down the smart grid highway without an IT roadmap. SOA is a proven design pattern for building composite applications that has been successfully applied in a wide range of industries.
It is time for organizations implementing smart grid to move beyond slide-ware and into the business of building reusable application infrastructure components.
Tags: applications, grid optimization, smart grid, soa, software
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What You Need to Know About Pediatric Scoliosis Treatment
February 6, 2020
The spine is made up of a stack of rectangular-shaped building blocks called vertebrae. Normally, when you look at a child’s back, the spine appears straight. However, a spine affected by scoliosis appears curved – giving the appearance that the child is leaning to one side.
This sideways curvature of the spine often occurs during a child’s growth spurt just before puberty. Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some spine deformities continue to get more severe as children grow.
In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. Though in some situations, scoliosis may develop as a result of arthritis, osteoporosis, or a hereditary condition.
If your child or someone you know is living with this spine condition, here’s what you need to know about pediatric scoliosis treatment.
How is scoliosis diagnosed?
Early detection is important for successful scoliosis treatment. If you think your child has scoliosis, it’s important to get in touch with a doctor right away. A physical evaluation and X-ray will properly diagnose atypical curve patterns on the spine. Doctors may also test for scoliosis through an MRI or CT scan. Children who have mild scoliosis are monitored closely, usually with X-rays, to see if the curve is getting worse. In many cases, no treatment is necessary.
Pediatric Scoliosis Treatment
The goal of pediatric scoliosis treatment is to stop the curve and prevent deformity. Observation and repeated examinations may be necessary to determine if the spine is continuing to curve.
In cases of severe scoliosis or when a child has a curve that has worsened to more than 50 degrees, a spine surgeon would find the best scoliosis treatment plan for that individual. This might include:
• Wearing a brace to stop the curve from worsening
• Undergoing surgery to straighten severe cases of scoliosis
Braces
Wearing a brace won’t cure scoliosis or reverse the curve, but it usually prevents further progression of the curve. The most common type of brace is made of plastic and is designed to conform to the body. This brace is almost invisible under clothes, as it fits under the arms and around the rib cage, lower back, and hips.
Most braces are worn day and night. A brace’s effectiveness increases with the number of hours a day it’s worn. Children who wear braces can usually participate in most activities and have few restrictions. If necessary, kids can take off the brace to participate in sports or other physical activities.
Surgery
Severe scoliosis typically progresses with time, so a spine doctor might suggest scoliosis surgery to reduce the severity of the spinal curve and to prevent it from getting worse.
The most common type of scoliosis surgery is called spinal fusion. In spinal fusion, surgeons connect two or more vertebrae, so they can’t move independently. Pieces of bone or bone-like material are placed between the vertebrae. Metal rods, hooks, screws, or wires typically hold that part of the spine straight and still while the old bone fuses with the new bone.
If the scoliosis is progressing rapidly at a young age, surgeons can install a rod that can adjust in length as the child grows. This growing rod is attached to the top and bottom sections of the spinal curvature and is usually lengthened every six months.
Our spine specialist, Dr. Jeff Sawyer will carefully walk you through each step of your child’s care. We treat a variety of spine conditions and will work to find the best scoliosis treatment plan for your lifestyle. Make an appointment with Dr. Sawyer today.
Newsletter:
For appointments call
901-759-3111
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Charlie Sheen’s Newest Role: Condom Pitchman
Noted Standing near an ice sculpture of a phallus encased in a condom, Charlie Sheen took the stage at an event on Monday evening in Manhattan to help introduce a prophylactic called HEX from a Swedish luxury sex-toy brand. He emerged through a glass door in the corner of the room, shortly after a video of him, speaking frankly about his diagnosis of H.I.V., played on a television in the center of the room. As the real thing suddenly popped into the room, dressed in a charcoal suit and seeming smaller and far more upbeat than the man who last made public rounds in November, when he announced to the world that he was H.I.V.-positive, the crowd gasped. It was a surprise appearance at the Midtown party for HEX, a latex condom with a resilient honeycomblike structure developed by the brand LELO. Before Mr. Sheen’s appearance, the event had consisted of photo booths and party games like pricking a pin through condoms stretched across LELO vibrators. Mr. Sheen acknowledged the reaction, asking the crowd: What business does a man who has five children and H.I.V. have hawking a contraceptive? Well, he continued, one of those things he wished he never had. The emergence of Mr. Sheen as a hybrid spokesman-activist at the party, where dancers in hexagon-pattered leotards performed erotic dance routines, signified a new act for the troubled actor. Since confirming his H.I.V. status on the “Today” show, Mr. Sheen has not just begun to engage in H.I.V./AIDS activism, he has also started to participate in a clinical trial of a new anti-H.I.V. drug and become its de facto spokesman. Steve Thomson, LELO’s chief marketing officer, said in an email that Mr. Sheen was “the perfect choice for LELO, a tragic reflection of the current situation in sexual health of today, but more importantly, a symbol of change with the strength and the courage to confront key issues head on.” After Mr. Sheen’s announcement, internet searches about the disease spiked, Mr. Thomson said. “At this point,” Mr. Thomson said, “he realized that there is potential to do more on the issue, much more than to tend to his personal interests.” The condoms are available online for $20 for a pack of 12. Mr. Sheen will travel to several cities across the globe for the company in the coming days to promote the product. The structure of the condom, the company says, reduces breakage and slipping, and, equally important — looks cool, according to Filip Sedic, LELO’s founder, who spoke at the event. Mr. Sedic’s hope, he said, is that those three factors, and Mr. Sheen’s role as spokesman, will persuade people to not just buy his product, but to use condoms as a matter of safety. On a video on LELO’s website, Mr. Sheen sits alone in a warehouse speaking of the product and his condition. It is filled with lingering, uncomfortable pauses.
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Talk:Café Reconcile/Archive 1
Creation of article, AfD
I recreated this article, but realize it was deleted for lack of notability in 2006. I'm prepared to develop the article and defend its notability. Eclectek C T 17:27, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
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Talk:Edward Arthur Steinhaus
Minor edit.
A minor edit was made to the E.A. Steinhaus article. FloeEdge (talk) 05:54, 24 June 2020 (UTC)
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Meridian Waste Solutions Issues Shareholder Update Letter
Announces Name Change to Attis Industries, Inc.
Expects $12 Million Revenue and $3 Million Pre-Tax Net Income in 2018 Based on Existing Platforms
Evaluating a Pipeline of Growth Opportunities in Biomass and Healthcare Technologies
ATLANTA, GA, Feb. 27, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Meridian Waste Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRDN ) (“Meridian Waste” or the “Company”), an innovative technology company, today announced the issuance of the following shareholder letter from its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Jeff Cosman:
Dear Meridian family, partners and shareholders,
I write to you today with gratitude, pride and excitement. Gratitude and pride for the dedication and support of our employees, partners and shareholders in our accomplishments to date, and great excitement for the value I see for us in the path ahead.
Last week, we announced the execution of agreements to sell our solid waste business in a transaction valued at about $90 million. We spent three years building that business, and, while it was and remains valuable, its debt and liquidity needs were restricting our access to cost-effective sources of growth capital, and were therefore inconsistent with our plan to create even more value in our and biomass innovation and healthcare technology businesses. We are currently evaluating a robust growing pipeline of opportunities in biomass and healthcare technologies.
This sale would clear the bottleneck while we believe significantly increasing our enterprise value, and thereby would pave the way for us to aggressively pursue acquisitions that we are currently evaluating. Our remaining operations after closing, are expected to generate approximately $12 million in revenue and about $3 million in pre-tax earnings in 2018, or approximately $0.15 per share of common stock, based on 20 million shares outstanding. Development and build-out of biorefineries could greatly improve these projections.
We built our company by providing everyday products and services that contribute to the lives of all people. We will continue to do so moving forward, but in new and, we believe, more profitable ways that capitalize on untapped opportunities and changing market conditions in healthcare and energy to build strategically compatible revenue lines in our biomass innovation and healthcare technologies businesses.
In our biomass innovation division, we intend to leverage our expertise in waste streams and technology development experience to harvest value that is hiding in plain sight. We have accordingly assembled a growing portfolio of technologies designed that are being developed to refine biomass in a series of process steps that are analogous to petroleum refining, in which crude oil is sequentially processed into a wide range of products. A key example is our patented and patent-pending lignin conversion and refining processes, which fractionate and convert cellulosic biomass into ethanol or butanol and a renewable alternative for petroleum-derived resins. Those technologies were recently awarded a $3 million grant from the USDA, along with a team comprising Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee’s Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, the Natural Resource Research Institute, Long Trail Sustainability, and our research and development subsidiary, American Science and Technology Corporation.
In healthcare technologies, we plan to build on our existing medical waste, lab services, and healthcare leadership experience to focus on a strategy in the rural hospitals and extended care facilities that will synergistically add revenue and earnings with our lab services division. The strategy potentially includes acquisition or operating partnerships of rural hospitals and extended care facilities. As previously announced with our partnership in a Tennessee rural hospital, the Company will [continue] to focus on building labs in qualified hospitals to increase lab services revenue, and by using our proprietary systems to reduce operating costs. And, as we achieve scale, our planned network of labs and hospitals will create opportunities for additional value creation as a distribution network for emerging medicinal and other healthcare products and services; and, as proving ground for proprietary new analytics and data verification technologies designed to greatly improve access to medical records, thereby improving care while reducing costs.
Our plan is to finance, build, own and operate facilities based on our technologies to generate shareholder value by producing and selling renewable fuels, plastics, resins and other carbon-neutral offsets from low-value lignin and other cellulosic feedstocks; including pulp and paper by-products, first generation biofuel by-products, and other overlooked carbon-containing residuals. We are evaluating a number of acquisitions and other transactions in that regard as well, some of which include existing production assets that are ideal for co-location of facilities based on our technologies. First generation biofuel plants can be particularly favorable targets inasmuch as our technologies have been proven to have the potential to generate more income by converting and refining existing by-products than such plants make today using traditional methods. We believe that dynamic sets us up for valuable consolidation opportunities, and we are looking at two plants for that purpose.
Our focus is bringing all this together with our existing businesses in the rural areas of this great country. As the Company focuses to add new and continue existing jobs in rural America, we expect it will allow us to access capital from the USDA and other programs which we believe will have more favorable financing compared against the credit in our waste business. The USDA backed programs may allow us to acquire healthcare facilities, build bio-refineries, all while developing opportunities for new construction jobs, plant operations jobs and healthcare jobs.
While we expect most of our revenue growth in 2018 and 2019 will come from our healthcare technologies business, we expect the performance of our biomass innovation division will eventually eclipse our healthcare technologies business. The by-products that we are targeting in innovations are available at low cost in enormous volumes, and the downstream fuels, energy, plastics and other commodity markets that we expect to be selling into rank amongst the largest. The enormous volumes currently have no value to the producers, which makes partnerships of investment in our approach more favorable for large co-ops, conglomerate producers, as well as states seeking ways to increase jobs for the future of their constituents.
The Company will become known as Attis Industries, Inc. Attis is the Greek god of vegetation, recognized for its ability to regenerate itself. The underlying purpose of the deity, Attis, was to make plants grow and feed animals that, in turn, would fertilize new plants. If left alone, they repeat that process, ‘regenerating’ over and over again, in balance, sustainably. We believe Attis Industries, Inc. will quickly become the perfect sustainable capitalist tool.
The current economic system of sustainable practices is out of balance today. Too many technologies and industries rely heavily on governmental credits accepting good intentions for bad science and process. Plants convert water, carbon dioxide and sunlight into stored chemical energy in the form cellulose, starch and fat, key resources that contain vast reservoirs of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Those elements are essential components of the foods we eat, the materials we use, and the fuels we burn. Yet humanity treats most of the vegetative biomass that we produce globally as waste, while we rely on fossil fuels because we have the technology to make doing so cheap and widely available. The technologies that Attis is developing have the potential to do the same thing with low-value biomass resources, and we plan to contribute to shareholder value and shareholder conscience by doing so.
“Doing Things Better” is not only a Quote: used by my deceased father every day of his life, it is now a mission for Attis Industries to pave as we reinvent ourselves in our new markets of renewable fuels, bio-fuels, plastics, healthcare and most importantly existing and future technology that drives costs down. Our dedication is to make economic sense of sustainable products and fuels. Attis is committed to being more than a mere participant of our industries, it will be the voice and force for innovation and change.
This is exactly what we are doing today. We are reinventing ourselves. Doing so isn’t just about selling the solid waste business, or reducing $90 million in debt, or improving our enterprise value by more than 80% to access higher margins and multiples. That is only part of our story. The rest of our story is why we are doing it.
We are doing it because we see a different path than that of our predecessors, and we know that we can take it. Because we refuse to be content with being good when we can and will be great.
Sincerely,
Jeff S. Cosman
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
About Meridian Waste Solutions, Inc.:
Meridian Waste Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRDN) is a company defined by our commitment to servicing our customers with unwavering respect, fairness and care. We are focused on finding and implementing solutions for the resource needs and challenges of our customers with a fundamental objective to seek rewarding solutions through technology and innovation. Our healthcare business centers on creating community-based synergies through collaborations and software solutions. Our innovation business ( www.attisinnovations.com ) strives to create value from recovered resources. For more information, visit www.mwsinc.com .
Forward-Looking Statements
Any statements contained in this press release that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “should,” “would” or similar words. You should consider these statements carefully because they discuss our plans, targets, strategies, prospects and expectations concerning our business, operating results, financial condition and other similar matters. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties relating to the Company's ability to develop, market and sell products based on its technology; the expected benefits and efficacy of the Company's products and technology; the availability of substantial additional funding for the Company to continue its operations and to conduct research and development, clinical studies and future product commercialization; and, the Company's business, research, product development, regulatory approval, marketing and distribution plans and strategies, the Company’s completion of the sale of its solid waste business; the ability of the Company to continue to meet the listing requirements of NASDAQ; the ability of the Company to execute on a business plan that permits the technologies and innovations businesses to provide sufficient growth, revenue, liquidity and cash flows for sustaining the Company’s go-forward business, and the risks identified and discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Meridian Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 17, 2017 and amended on May 31, 2017 and the other documents Meridian files with the SEC from time to time. There will be events in the future, however, that Meridian is not able to predict accurately or control. Meridian’s actual results may differ materially from the expectations that Meridian describes in its forward-looking statements. Factors or events that could cause Meridian’s actual results to materially differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for Meridian to accurately predict all of them. Any forward-looking statement made by Meridian in this press release speaks only as of the date on which Meridian makes it. Meridian undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
Media and Investors Contact: Hayden IR ir@meridianwastesolutions.com (917) 658-7878
Source:Meridian Waste Solutions, Inc
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Fernando Maestro
Fernando Maestro Olalla (born 15 April 1974) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Club career
Born in Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Maestro spent the vast majority of his 21-year senior career in Segunda División B, representing a host of clubs including CE L'Hospitalet and UE Sant Andreu for which he had two different spells each. His Segunda División input consisted of 18 matches with Terrassa FC in two separate seasons – his first game in the competition occurring on 31 August 2002 in a 1–1 home draw against Albacete Balompié in which he was sent off – and 29 for CD Alcoyano in 2011–12 (team relegation).
Maestro retired in 2013 at the age of 39, after a spell with amateurs CD Corralejo. He subsequently became a goalkeepers' coach.
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Göpfert
Göpfert or Goepfert is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bobby Goepfert (born 1983), American ice hockey player.
* Carl Andreas Göpfert (1768–1818), German classical clarinettist and composer.
* Dieter Göpfert (born 1957), German rower.
* Jason Goepfert (born 1971), American writer.
* Klaus-Peter Göpfert (born 1948), German sport wrestler.
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User:Rickjamesjones/sandbox
Wake up, put a good dip in crack open a cold one start the day Im pretty tough
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Categories
iOS iOS on iPhone iPhone iPhone, iPad, and iOS Uncategorized
Do Not Disturb During Bedtime
Last year with the release on iOS 11 Do Not Disturb, that nifty feature that allows the blocking of notifications, got Do Not Disturb While Driving which silences your phone’s notifications when your phone detects that your driving.
Now with iOS 12, we get another Do Not Disturb option, Bedtime. Do Not Disturb During Bed Time will dim your lock screen, silence and hide notifications, only a single notification will appear reminding you that you have this feature enabled.
At the end of the timed period, your phone will greet you with “Good Morning” and give you a brief weather forecast.
There are two ways to enable it. One way is by going through Settings then to “Do Not Disturb”. Once there enable Do Not Disturb schedule and set your times then toggle on “Bedtime”.
An alternative method would be by going through the Clock app. To do so open the Clock app and then click on the “Bedtime” tab at the bottom. Using the analog clock set your bedtime. Then click on options at the top there you will find the “Do Not Disturb During Bedtime” toggle.
Another new feature has nothing to do with bedtime but instead enhancements to the Do Not Disturb toggle found in Control Center. When you hold down on the option you get new quick options. The first and second will always be for an hour or until the next day. The bottom option changes based on where you’re at based on your current location or current event location. So if your at an event that is listed in your calendar you can enable Do Not Disturb until the event is over. If your not at an event the option will ask if you want to enable until you leave your current location.
Helpful Links and Sources:
2 replies on “Do Not Disturb During Bedtime”
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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2010 Daytona 500
The 2010 Daytona 500 was the first stock car race of the 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. The 52nd Daytona 500, it was held on February 14, 2010, in Daytona Beach, Florida, at Daytona International Speedway, before a crowd of about 175,000 attendees. Earnhardt Ganassi Racing's Jamie McMurray won the 208-lap race from 13th place. Dale Earnhardt Jr. of Hendrick Motorsports finished in second, and Roush Fenway Racing's Greg Biffle was third.
Mark Martin, the event's oldest pole position winner at 51 years and 27 days, led the first four laps before Kasey Kahne passed him on lap five. Martin reclaimed the lead two laps later. The lead changed 52 times between a then-record-breaking 21 different drivers during the race, with Kevin Harvick leading the most laps (41). It was twice stopped because a large pothole developed between turns one and two, due to moisture, cold weather, and heavy cars scraping the tarmac surface as they ran low to the ground for better aerodynamic efficiency. Harvick led on the 206th lap, until McMurray passed him for his first Daytona 500 victory, and the fourth of his career.
Because this was the first race of the season, McMurray led the Drivers' Championship with 195 points, followed by Earnhardt in second place who had 175 points and Biffle in third with 170 points. Clint Bowyer and Harvick were fourth and fifth with 165 and 155 points, respectively. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Chevrolet led with nine points, ahead of Ford with six points. Toyota with four points, and Dodge with three points with thirty-five races left in the season.
Background
The 2010 Daytona 500 was the 1st of the 36 stock car races in the 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, and the 52nd edition of the event. It was held on February 14, 2010, in Daytona Beach, Florida, at Daytona International Speedway, The layout used for the Daytona 500 is a four-turn, 2.5 mi superspeedway. Daytona's turns are banked at 31 degrees, and the front stretch—the location of the finish line—is banked at 18 degrees. A total of 54 cars from 30 different teams were entered for the race.
NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. conceived the Daytona 500, which was first held in 1959; it is the successor to shorter races held on beaches in Daytona Beach. The race has been the opening round of the NASCAR season since 1982, and from 1988, it is one of four events that require cars to run restrictor plates. The Daytona 500 offers the most prize money of any American auto race. Winning the race is considered equal to winning either the World Series, the Super Bowl or The Masters.
For the 2010 race, NASCAR announced that it would stop policing bump drafting after responding to a growing resentment from its fan-base and drivers about the lack of on-track aggression and emotion. It came as the organization gradually controlled, and ultimately outright prohibited, bump drafting at the 2009 AMP Energy 500. Furthermore, NASCAR kept the yellow-marked out-of-bounds line at the bottom of race circuits because drivers opposed its removal. Furthermore, the four restrictor plate opening were expanded to their greatest size since the 1989 Daytona 500 of 63/64-inches for greater horsepower. NASCAR's vice-president of competition Robin Pemberton said that the changes would give control back to the drivers, "'Boys, have at it' and have a good time." NASCAR later changed the green–white–checker finish rule to allow for a maximum of three (not one) attempts to end the race if it would otherwise conclude under caution.
Following an investigation of the circuit's safety barriers and a collision that sent Roush Fenway Racing's Carl Edwards into the catchfence at the 2009 Aaron's 499, track workers raised the height of the Daytona International Speedway catchfences from 14 ft to 22 ft. The cost was not stated, and the work was completed in mid-January 2010. An spokesperson for the track's owner and operator International Speedway Corporation said, "Whenever we have an incident that impacts any of our systems, we take that opportunity to more closely scrutinize it and look at it across the company. Whatever we learn in these analyses, we’ll look and see where it can be applied to other tracks. The challenge is each track is different in terms of banking and speed, so our primary focus right now was on Talladega and Daytona."
Practice and qualifier
Six practice sessions were scheduled before the race on February 14. The first two, on February 5, were scheduled to run 80 and 90 minutes, respectively. The next two, on February 10, lasted 90 and 50 minutes, respectively. A steady day-long rain shower cancelled the February 12 60-minute session. The final session on February 13 lasted 85 minutes. Dale Earnhardt Jr. led the first practice session on Friday, February 5, which was truncated to an hour due to a thunderstorm from Central Florida, with a lap of 47.770 seconds, followed by Hendrick Motorsports teammates Mark Martin and Jeff Gordon in second and third. Bill Elliott, Robby Gordon, Ryan Newman, Kurt Busch, David Reutimann, Kyle Busch, and Clint Bowyer made up positions four through ten. NASCAR moved the second practice session to Saturday to provide eight drivers who did not set a lap time with some on-track running. David Gilliland led the session with a 48.072-second lap, ahead of Jeff Fuller, Terry Cook, and Derrike Cope.
On February 6, 54 vehicles competed in the qualifier for one of the 43 starting spots in the Daytona 500. Each driver ran two laps, and unlike most races during the season, the qualifying session determined the first two positions. The rest of the field would qualify later, through the 2010 Gatorade Duels. Qualifying was held a day early to avoid clashing with Super Bowl XLIV, which was moved forward one week by the National Football League. Friday's rain-out gave drivers little on-track preparation. Martin took his first Daytona 500 pole position, and the 49th of his career, with a lap of 47.074 seconds. At 51 years and 27 days, he was oldest pole position winner in race history. Martin was joined on the grid's front row by Earnhardt. After qualifying, Martin said it was "really special" to begin the year on pole position, and felt Earnhardt would challenge for the win.
Matt Kenseth led the third practice session on February 10 with a 46.331-second lap, followed by Kyle Busch, Brian Vickers, Jeff Burton, Edwards, Bowyer, Kasey Kahne, Reutimann, Kevin Harvick, and Joey Logano. Bowyer slid sideways into an outside barrier after his right-rear tire blew leaving turn two. Reutimann was close by, and hit the rear of Bowyer's car. Reutimann's rear, in turn, was struck by Cope's slowing car. Marcos Ambrose led the fourth practice session later that day with a 46.535-second lap, with Kyle Busch, Reed Sorenson, Logano, Kahne, Kenseth, Paul Menard, Greg Biffle, Elliott Sadler, and Edwards following in the top ten. Early in the session, Hamlin bumped Earnhardt at 190 mph, who controlled his car through a slide and continued. One of Vickers' tires failed exiting turn two three minutes later, and he spun through grass on the backstretch with minimal structural damage. Just after green flag running resumed, Mike Bliss oversteered on the left exiting the fourth turn, and rammed into Logano. As the rest of the field steered away, Johnson hit the back of Hamlin's car. Johnson stopped on pit road with an orange traffic cone lodged underneath his splitter. Michael Waltrip was hit by another car and went through grass. Due to the various crashes, Bowyer, Reutimann, Cope, Bliss, Johnson, and Logano would switch into their back-up cars for the Gatorade Duels.
Johnson and Kahne won the Gatorade Duels on February 11. The starting grid was finalized with Johnson, Kahne, Harvick, Tony Stewart, Kyle Busch, Juan Pablo Montoya, Bowyer, and Kurt Busch completing the top ten. The 11 drivers that failed to qualify were Casey Mears, Todd Bodine, Gilliland, Cook, Cope, Aric Almirola, Dave Blaney, Sorenson, Mike Wallace, Norm Benning, and Fuller. Jeff Gordon switched to a back-up car for the race after being involved in a three-car accident. In the final practice session, held in cold and cloudy weather on February 13, Burton led with a 46.108-second lap, ahead of Harvick, Ambrose, Reutimann, and Kenseth, Kyle Busch, Sam Hornish Jr., Regan Smith, Montoya, and Hamlin. 15 minutes in, Bobby Labonte was hit by Scott Speed and sent towards a left-hand wall at 180 mph, but narrowly avoided hitting it. Smoke billowed from A. J. Allmendinger's engine compartment, and his team changed engines after the session.
Race
Live television coverage of the race began in the United States at midday Eastern Standard Time (EST) (UTC−05:00) on Fox. Commentary was provided by lap-by-lap analyst Mike Joy, with analysis from three-time Cup Series champion Darrell Waltrip, and former crew chief Larry McReynolds. Around the start of the race, the weather was clear with the air temperature 52 F; conditions were expected to remain consistent. David Uth, senior pastor of First Baptist Church of Orlando, began pre-race ceremonies with an inovcation. Singer and Grammy Award winner Harry Connick Jr. performed the national anthem, and Junior Johnson, former Daytona 500 champion and NASCAR Hall of Fame inductee, commanded the drivers to start their engines. During the pace laps, Gordon, Burton, and Waltrip moved to the rear of the field because they switched into a back-up car, and Allmendinger, and Edwards did the same for changing their engines.
The race began at 1:20 p.m. EST and was scheduled to last 200 laps. Johnson pushed Martin into turn one to keep his teammate ahead. Harvick moved to third place because the inside line was faster early on. The first 21 cars were two abreast by the third lap, with a second distinct pack of vehicles in a single line. On lap four, Kahne and those behind him caught Martin but were unable to pass the latter, who maintained the lead at the start-finish line. Stewart assisted Kahne in passing Martin for the lead on the next lap. On lap six, Martin retook the lead on the outside line and turned left to keep it. The first caution was given for a multi-car accident on lap seven; Brad Keselowski's right-rear tire failed, and he struck the turn-two wall, collecting Smith, Hornish, Bliss, Max Papis, and Boris Said, and littering debris on the track. Smith retired while Keselowski and Hornish entered their garages for repairs. Most drivers made pit stops for tire and chassis adjustments. Martin took the lead on the lap-12 restart, followed by Earnhardt and Montoya. On the next lap, Harvick pushed Montoya past Martin on the outside for the lead. Montoya led just one lap, however, as Earnhardt passed him on lap 14. Earnhardt then weaved to block drivers from overtaking him.
On lap 17, Harvick failed to pass Earnhardt for the lead into turn three. On the following lap, Harvick took the lead on the inside; Kahne and Sadler pushed him to hold the lead until they passed him for first and second on lap 22. On the next lap, Harvick returned to the lead as Kahne lost the draft and fell back. By lap 26, Kurt Busch had moved to second. Harvick, Kurt Busch, and Sadler held a 1.4-second lead by the 30th lap. Kurt Busch turned left but did not pass Harvick for the lead. Sadler overtook Kurt Busch for second on lap 34. Kurt Busch took the lead from Sadler and Harvick two laps later. Allmendinger advanced to second place on the 38th lap after starting at the back of the grid. Green flag pit stops commenced on the next lap. Kurt Busch lost the lead to Allmendinger on the backstretch on lap 45, but reclaimed it three laps later on the inside. Allmendinger entered pit road on lap 50, handing the lead to Logano, who held it until his own stop on the next lap. Robby Gordon led the 51st lap.
After the pit stops, Kurt Busch returned to first with Allmendinger second and Johnson third. They pulled away from the rest of the field. On the 58th lap, Kyle Busch overtook Kahne for fifth place. Harvick was stranded on the inside lane, and fell to sixth after Kyle Busch and Kahne passed him on the backstretch on lap 59. On lap 65 Joe Nemechek spun into the turn-four wall; Hornish avoided hitting him, but the second caution was called. The leaders made pit stops for tires and car adjustments. Kenseth stayed on the track to lead one lap until his own pit stop. Kurt Busch led at the lap-70 restart. On the next lap, Harvick helped Allmendinger retake the lead from Kurt Busch. On lap 72, Allmendinger went left, and Harvick passed him to retake the lead. Allemdinger reclaimed the lead on lap 73, when cars on the left outpaced those on the right. Bliss spun on the backstretch four circuits later, damaging his car's rear left and bringing out the third caution.
The leaders stopped for fuel, tires, and car adjustments during the caution. When a crew member dropped a lug nut, Allmendinger lost the lead. Because Hamlin staggered his pit stop, he was able to lead one lap. Kurt Busch reclaimed the lead on lap 81, followed by Biffle and Kyle Busch. On lap 82, Biffle used Kyle Busch's help to pass Kurt Busch for first to the inside. Kurt Busch unsuccessfully challenged Biffle between laps 83 and 84. Gordon advanced to third place by the 86th lap after starting near the back of the grid. Kyle Busch took the lead from Greg Biffle on the outside on lap 95. Gordon soon passed Biffle for second place. At the end of lap 98, Gordon used the outside line to pass Kyle Busch. Two laps later, Bowyer passed Gordon on the outside for the lead on the backstretch. Kyle Busch attempted but failed to pass Bowyer in turn two on lap 102. Gordon did the same thing four laps later, but this time he was unable to take the lead and fell back.
On the 107th lap, Biffle passed Bowyer to take the lead, but Bowyer reclaimed it on the next lap. Biffle retook the lead from Bowyer on lap 110 after a fast run on the inside. He retained it for one lap before Bowyer passed him to lead the 111th lap. David Ragan passed Bowyer at the end of lap 113 after finding a draft on the outside. Ragan lost the lead to Bowyer two laps later. John Andretti's tire cut, and he crashed into the turn-two wall on the 117th lap to bring out the fourth caution. The majority of the leaders stopped for fuel, tires, and car changes. Travis Kvapil and Said each staggered their pit stops on laps 119 and 120, leading one lap each, before Bowyer reclaimed first place on the 121st lap.
A 15 in long, 9 in wide, and 2 in deep pothole appeared on the seam near the yellow line between turns one and two on lap 122, causing the race to be stopped for an hour, 40 minutes, and 45 seconds. All vehicles were directed to park on pit road so that track engineers could inspect the damage. They fixed the pothole with two compounds that did not hold owing to moisture and cold weather; a third attempt permitted the race to continue. Drivers were summoned to their cars at 4:52 EST, and engines were restarted eight minutes later. Racing resumed under caution, and the pit road was reopened to drivers. Bowyer led Ragan and Kahne on the inside lane at the lap-125 restart. Sadler pushed Kahne past Bowyer (who went right) for the lead two laps later. On lap 129, Kahne repelled Bowyer by turning right, allowing Sadler to pull alongside him. Bowyer took the lead on the next lap, but Sadler passed him before the finish line. Sadler lost the lead to Bowyer on lap 131, but reclaimed it on the following lap.
During the 136th lap, Harvick made it three abreast on the backstretch, putting Sadler in the middle of the track, and Bowyer reclaimed the lead. Two laps later, Harvick overtook teammate Bowyer just before the start-finish line. On lap 141, Gordon attempted to pass Bowyer for third, but Kahne helped Bowyer block Gordon. On lap 142, Allmendinger, fifth, spun into the backstretch after losing control of his car in turn four. He avoided a collision with a wall and became stranded in the grass, where his car caught fire, causing the sixth caution. During the caution, most drivers made pit stops for tires and adjustments. Sadler led the 146 restart with two new tires, followed by Martin Truex Jr. and Harvick. Truex passed Sadler two laps later with help from Harvick to take the lead. Sadler went to the outside on lap 150 and dropped to tenth place after a failed challenge for first. Harvick reclaimed the lead by overtaking Truex on the inside on the next lap. Montoya gained the lead for the second time on the 154th lap, but Harvick passed him to recover the lead.
A competition caution was issued for teams on lap 161 to inspect their vehicles because the pothole between turns one and two had resurfaced, larger than before. The race was halted for the second time on lap 161, and cars were obliged to park on pit road for 44 minutes and 35 seconds. Workers collected polyester resin products from other teams and blended them with a hardener. They then heated the compound with blow torches and jet dryers to make the track driveable. Drivers reentered their cars at 6:22 p.m. EST, and restarted their engines eight minutes later. The race resumed under caution as the leaders stopped for tire and car adjustments. Speed took the lead for the lap 168 restart. On the following lap, Biffle used drafting from teammates Ragan and Edwards on the outside lane to pass Speed for first. On the 176th lap, Speed retook the lead from Biffle on the inside lane. He battled Biffle for the following seven laps until Biffle moved away on lap 184. Kurt Busch overtook Edwards for third on lap 188. The seventh caution came six laps later, when Sadler lost control of his car on the backstretch and struck the barrier, collecting Kvapil and Newman. Bowyer led Biffle and Truex at the lap 198 restart.
Biffle passed Bowyer for first on the backstretch before an eighth caution was waved for an accident on lap 199: Elliott and Logano collided in the third turn, collecting Said. On lap 202, Biffle led at the first green–white–checker finish, prolonging the race by two laps. On the next lap, just as Harvick took the lead from Biffle in turn two, the ninth caution was issued when Gordon hit Kahne on the backstretch and Kahne slid up the track, collecting Robert Richardson Jr. and Labonte. A second green–white–checker finish restarted the race on lap 206 (bringing it to 208 laps), with Harvick leading Jamie McMurray. Edwards delayed Harvick, allowing McMurray to take the lead with help from Biffle on the outside at turn three on lap 207. Earnhardt moved from tenth to second within 1½ laps, but could not challenge McMurray, who took his first Daytona 500 win, and the fourth of his career. Earnhardt, Biffle, Bowyer, Reutimann, Truex, Harvick, Kenseth, Edwards and Montoya completed the top ten. There were 52 lead changes among a then-record 21 drivers during the race. Harvick led the most laps of any driver, with 41. McMurray led once for two laps.
Post-race comments
McMurray appeared in Victory Lane after celebrating in the infield to commemorate his fourth career win in front of an estimated crowd of 175,000 people; the win earned him $1,508,449. He was emotional about his victory, saying, "I can’t really put it into words the way it feels. I’m trying to be genuine and as sincere as I can and not sound cliché: as a kid growing up, this is what you dream of, of being able to win the Daytona 500." Earnhardt said finishing second validated the changes his team made, and was confident about his prospects over the coming races. He commented on the on-track action, "I went wherever they weren’t, I don’t enjoy being that aggressive. If there was room for the radiator, you hold the gas down and go. They did a lot to put the racing back in the driver’s hands. There was a ton of bumping out there and I never felt like anyone was looking over my shoulder." Third-placed Biffle said he felt he made his move too soon on the first green–white–checker finish, "The restarts, I couldn’t get anybody to push me, I kept getting a run. I wish I waited until the backstretch to make my big run. I did it on the frontstretch. I gave Junior and all the guys too much of an opportunity to catch us.”
The race was the first since the 2004 Advance Auto Parts 500 at Martinsville Speedway to be affected by a deteriorating track. The pothole's reemergence was attributed to the cars' 3,000 lb weight uprooting the surface patch, and enlarging it to twice its original size. Daytona International Speedway President Robin Braig took responsibility and apologized for the track surface. He stated that no issues were discovered during a pre-race inspection, and believed cars running too low to the ground for better aerodynamic efficiency had caused the pothole. A week of heavy rain that flooded the track in May 2009, the pre-race downpour, below-average ground temperatures, and cars bottoming out and scraping the tarmac surface all contributed to the pothole forming. Between February 18 and 20, engineers and asphalt specialists repaired the damage with a 6 ft wide and 18 ft section of concrete. The track was later repaved from July 5 to December 10, its first repaving since 1978.
Earnhardt said he was unsatisfied with the reviewed green-white-checker finish rules because he was uncertain about drivers' actions, but he did not believe it was overdone, "I feel like the fans deserve probably more of a show, so that's what they got. The green-white-checkered was put into play to give us an opportunity to finish the race under green. Finishing under yellow is quite a melodramatic moment." Gordon reiterated an earlier view of his that only one attempt should be made, "I believe in doing things for the fans but I also think they have their limits. It wasn't going to give us a winning day by not having multiple green-white-checkers but it would have saved us a race car." Pemberton stated that the rule change validated NASCAR increasing the on-track action and emphasized that three efforts were made to finish the race, "I've seen great [Daytona 500s] that were a half-dozen cars duking it out, And this race right here, with the potential of the top 15 or 20 guys up there, in the last 25 miles, was incredible. A great race in my opinion though I've only watched 33 of 'em."
Because this was the season's first race, McMurray led the Drivers' Championship with 195 points, followed by Earnhardt with 15 points less in second, and Biffle third. Bowyer, Harvick, Reutimann, Truex, Kenseth, Montoya, Edwards, Martin, and Burton rounded out the top twelve drivers. Chevrolet led the Manufacturers' Championship with nine points, three ahead of Ford, five ahead of Toyota, and six ahead of Dodge. The race attracted 13.294 million television viewers; excluding the two stoppages, it took three hours, 47 minutes and 16 seconds to complete, and the margin of victory was 0.119 seconds.
Standings after the race
* Drivers' Championship standings
* Manufacturers' Championship standings
* Note: Only the top twelve positions are included for the driver standings.
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WIKI
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User:Smirkybec/Corcoran & co minerals
Corcoran & Co. Limited Minerals
http://www.barrowriver.ie/index.php/2013/01/carlow-town/ https://books.google.ie/books?id=HRW6CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT14&lpg=PT14&dq=corcoran%27s+minerals+carlow&source=bl&ots=Hgj1ugNR6K&sig=SQjzrAKxz6xYbVyleJ5m0GXAm4I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVw7rHpafSAhXBIsAKHZ8TDag4ChDoAQgsMAU#v=onepage&q=corcoran%27s%20minerals%20carlow&f=false http://www.rastailteann.com/event/printer_1082.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p036nb8w
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Publications
Revealing the Impact of Hierarchical Pore Organization in Supercapacitor Electrodes by Coupling Ionic Dynamics at Micro- and Macroscales
Dvoyashkin, M. and Leistenschneider, D. and Evans, J.D. and Sander, M. and Borchardt, L.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume: 11 Pages:
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202100700
Published: 2021
Abstract
The rate of charging of supercapacitors depends on how quickly ions can reach and accommodate the surface of electrodes. Diffusivity, a parameter reflecting the speed of ions’ migration, is believed to be crucial in designing supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, this belief is questioned, shedding light on a puzzling and potentially critical feature of ionic dynamics denoted as confinement-induced ion–solvent separation. This effect can lead to a strong slowdown of the ion mobility inside hierarchical pore networks. Explanations for when such an effect occurs and how it can be circumvented are provided. Furthermore, this microscopic picture of diffusion seen by NMR is bridged with the macroscopic charging behavior of supercapacitors investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Quantifying the average residence time of ions within carbon particles shows that the nanopore environment may not be the rate-limiting factor for the overall ion mobility and thus performance of a cell—as commonly expected. Combining direct diffusion studies performed with neat and solvated ionic liquids and those on organic electrolytes, the so far lacking criteria for the rational selection of electrolyte–carbon systems is developed and recommendations for the preparation of transport-optimized materials for supercapacitors to minimize ionic diffusion limitations are given. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
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