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remaining at 60° throughout the whole operation, the final pressure may be found by the formula pv = p$1$v$1$. Thus,
as before.
43. Mixture of Two Unequal Volumes of Gas Having: Unequal Pressures. — Let p$1$ and v$1$ be the pressure and volume, respectively, of one quantity of gas; p$40 × 4,875⁄3$ and v$1$ be the pressure and volume, respectively, of the other quantity of gas; and let P and V be the pressure and volume, respectively, of the mixture. Then, if the temperature remains constant,
That is, if the temperature is constant, the volume, after mixture, multiplied by the resulting pressure, is equal to the volume of one quantity of gas, before mixture, multiplied by its pressure, plus the volume of the other quantity of gas multiplied by its pressure.
From this formula, by dividing both sides of the equation by V,
and, dividing both sides of the equation by P,
— Two quantities of gas of the same temperature, having volumes of 6 cubic feet and 4$1$ cubic feet, and pressures of 26$2$ pounds and 18 pounds per square inch, respectively, are mixed together in a vessel whose volume is 10 cubic feet. The temperature of the two gases and of the mixture being the same, what is the resulting pressure?
. — Using formula 2, and substituting the given values,
. — If the two quantities of gas in example 1 are mixed in a vessel in which the resulting pressure is 30 pounds, what is the volume of the vessel, the temperature of the two gases and of the mixture remaining the same? | WIKI |
User:Ram22f/sandbox
https://SM Bowling SM Bowling was a mall sports game in malls SM malls that has SM Bowling is SM City North EDSA, SM City Fairview, SM Megamall, sm southmall and more. SM bowling is not just bowling, but many sports like billiards, hoops/basketball, karaoke, table tenis and archery. You can get buy 1 take 1 bowling game . | WIKI |
Cind language documentation
Memory management
Memory allocation in Cind language is carried out by the Cind execution software (which is a software, that executes programs written in Cind language).
There are no memory allocation nor memory freeing instructions in Cind programming language.
Phisical memory allocation are managed by Cind execution software, depending on the needs and type of the executed application.
Allocating memory
Total size of the memory used by a specific Cind program mostly depends on the number of created and used objects and on the number of concurrently executed threads.
Creation of each object, thread, array or other language structure requires reserving appropriate piece of memory.
For example, this statement:
x = new a.b.c();
creates new object, and therefore it reserves some piece of memory (of internal memory of execution software), that will represent the object and in which all object information will be stored.
Garbage collector
To remove unused memory, Cind execution software uses mechanizm called Garbage collector.
A garbage collector is a method to manage memory by removing unused fragments of memory (unused objects, threads and other data) - called garbage, by marking used fragments and rewrite them to some other memory segment.
Garbage collector, implemented in the Cind execution software, is running periodically during program execution, and when it is launched, it can work in two ways:
• by suspend the application while making cleanup, or
• it makes cleanup concurrently to the application's threads.
It is not specified when garbage collector will be launched. The way of executing garbage collector depends on the application behaviour. For instance, when application makes many garbage in small time, then the first method will be choosen, but when application mostly sleeps (for example, it waits for incomming network event), then the second method will be choosen.
When garbage collector detects unsued objects (and before it removes them from memory), it will execute objects' destructors (for more about destructors see Classes). Destructors are executed concurrently to the main application.
Notice, that during destructor execution, the indicator objects host and caller may be different from the ones used in application (see Indicator objects), because garbage collector works out of any context. That is, destructor's code may be executed "blindly" without any connection with the application.
Notice also, that it is not determined when or even ever garbage collector will execute the objects' destructors.
Cind programming language 1.0.4
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I Am Vengeance: Retaliation
I Am Vengeance: Retaliation is a 2020 British action film written and directed by Ross Boyask and starring Wade Barrett (reprising his role as John Gold) and Vinnie Jones. It is the sequel to the 2018 film I Am Vengeance.
Cast
* Wade Barrett (credited as Stu Bennett) as John Gold
* Vinnie Jones as Sean Teague
* Mark Griffin as Frost
* Katrina Durden as Jen Quaid
* Phoebe Robinson-Galvin as Kate Lynch
* Sam Benjamin as Shapiro
* David Schaal as Commander Grayson
* Jessica-Jane Stafford as Pearl
* Bentley Kalu as Renner
* Jean Paul Ly as Kelso
Release
The film was released to digital on demand and digital platforms on 19 June 2020 in the United States and on 13 July 2020 in the United Kingdom. It was later released to DVD and Blu-Ray in the United States on 11 August 2020.
Reception
The film has rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews with an average rating of. Tom Cassidy of Common Sense Media awarded the film three stars out of five. | WIKI |
What is Anzac Day?
Anzac Day, 25 April, is one of Australia’s most important national occasions. It marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War.
ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as Anzacs, and the pride they took in that name endures to this day.
When war broke out in 1914 Australia had been a federated nation for only 13 years, and its government was eager to establish a reputation among the nations of the world. When Britain declared war in August 1914 Australia was automatically placed on the side of the Commonwealth. In 1915 Australian and New Zealand soldiers formed part of the expedition that set out to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in order to open the Dardanelles to the allied navies. The ultimate objective was to capture Constantinople (now Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, an ally of Germany.
The Australian and New Zealand forces landed on Gallipoli on 25 April, meeting fierce resistance from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. What had been planned as a bold stroke to knock Turkey out of the war quickly became a stalemate, and the campaign dragged on for eight months. At the end of 1915 the allied forces were evacuated from the peninsula, with both sides having suffered heavy casualties and endured great hardships. More than 8,000 Australian soldiers had died in the campaign. Gallipoli had a profound impact on Australians at home, and 25 April soon became the day on which Australians remembered the sacrifice of those who died in the war.
Although the Gallipoli campaign failed in its military objectives, the actions of Australian and New Zealand forces during the campaign left a powerful legacy. What became known as the “Anzac legend” became an important part of the identity of both nations, shaping the ways in which they viewed both their past and their future. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Upgrading to iPhone 8 or iPhone X - Save text messages to computer and back up before you get your new phone!
Darcy F.
Darcy F.
Categories: iPhone | View Comments
Summary
With the recent release of Apple’s special edition (RED) iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, you may be considering an upgrade. Not only does the red aluminum body look fantastic, but a portion of the proceeds goes to benefit (RED), a nonprofit that works to fight AIDS and HIV in Africa. It’s a purchase that looks and feels great. Or maybe you’re eager to spend your hard-earned tax refund on the iPhone X. If the price tag doesn’t scare you away, you’re looking at a sexy phone, so sexy in fact, it should be called the iPhone XXX. Ba dum tss.
Either way, if you’re anything like us, you dread the process of moving over all your texts, photos, contacts and notes from your old phone to your new one. Our iPhones and iPads have become little time capsules which preserve an evolving snapshot of our lives. If you’ve ever had a hard drive crash or lost a phone (without a backup), you know what I’m talking about. It feels terrible! Thankfully, Decipher Tools has made the process painless. We’ll walk you through some steps and solutions below that will ensure a smooth transition to ensure that your iPhone data is safe and sound before you upgrade.
Upgrading to iPhone X or iPhone 8 and how to backup text messages to keep data safe
Tip 1 - Before upgrading to an iPhone 8 or iPhone X: Backup! Backup! Backup!
Raise your hand if you like making iPhone backups. Exactly, no hands up. This is why this first step is so important. Nobody enjoys backing up their phone, yet everyone dreads the thought of losing their phone’s content. Do yourself a favor right now and backup! Even if you’re not upgrading to a new phone, take a few minutes out of your day and either: a) Make a local backup of your iPhone 8/iPhone X on your computer, or b) Backup your iPhone using Apple’s iCloud server.
iCloud backup vs. Local iTunes backup
So which method is better? As with most things in life, there are pros and cons to both backup options offered by Apple. Here at the Decipher Tools HQ, we prefer to backup our iPhones locally via iTunes on our own computers, but that’s just us. Below are some helpful tips about each method, so you can decide which best suits your own needs.
Local iTunes Backup to your Mac or Windows PC
Making a local iTunes backup is exactly what it sounds like — it makes a copy of your iPhone’s content and stores it on your computer.
Pros
• Your iPhone data is fully backed up to your computer without having to rely on Apple’s iCloud server.
• You can store as much data as your computer’s hard drive can accommodate.
• You don’t need an internet connection to make new backups or to restore from old backups.
Cons
• A local backup to your computer takes up hard drive space. If you’re someone who likes to take a lot of photos and videos, this can require a substantial amount of space.
• You need to own a computer (or borrow one, but good luck with that).
iCloud backup
Backing up to iCloud stores a copy of your iPhone’s data on Apple’s iCloud server.
Pros
• There’s no need to make space on your computer’s hard drive, everything is stored on Apple’s iCloud server.
• All you need is a wifi connection to backup or restore your iPhone 8 or iPhone X. In other words, you can pretty much do this from everywhere.
• If you lose your computer or destroy your hard drive (it’s easier than it sounds), you won’t also lose your iTunes backup, since it’s backed up to Apple’s iCloud servers.
Cons
• All of your data and personal info is stored on a remote server that you don’t own or have any control over.
• You’ll need to pay for anything over 5GB of storage space. Apple has pricing info here.
Tip 2 - Syncing and backing up are not the same.
When you plug your iPhone into your PC and open iTunes, your job’s not over. For some reason iTunes seems to feel a bit clunkier with each release and for this reason it’s important that you actively take control of your iPhone data and make sure it’s properly backed up. Notice we said “backed up” and not “synced,” since there is a substantial difference between the two. You can read about the differences between backing up and syncing in our earlier blog post. Again, to reiterate, backing up is your friend. Before you upgrade to the new iPhone 8 or iPhone X, you want to make certain to backup your iPhone — not just sync it.
Tip 3 - Follow these steps to save copies of your iPhone text messages to your computer before upgrading to iPhone X or iPhone 8.
“But why do I need to save a second copy of all my text messages to my computer when I’ve already backed up all my info via iTunes?“
Excellent question! If all your text messages disappeared forever, would you be upset? If you’re nodding your head yes, then we recommend the following full-proof method of backing up all your text messages to your PC. Even with a local iTunes backup of your phone to computer, occasionally users will encounter errors when they attempt to restore their backup to their new phone. (If you do get an error while trying to restore from your backup, we’ve got you covered).
In order to save a back up of your text messages and iMessages to your computer, the first thing you’ll need to do is download the free trial of Decipher TextMessage. The software allows you to export your text messages to your computer, preserving a backup copy of all your text messages and photos/video attachments contained within your text message history. Easy.
Using Decipher TextMessage
First, you’ll need to install and then run the free trial of Decipher TextMessage. You should see your iPhone 8/ iPhone X show up in the left-hand column of Decipher TextMessage. If you don’t, you’ll need to make a local backup of your iPhone with iTunes and then relaunch the program.
When you see your iPhone listed in the left-hand column, you can first select a device, and then choose a contact. This allows you to export your text messages from/to that contact to your computer. The free trial only limits you to a few saved text messages for each contact. If you’d like to backup all of your text messages, you simply need to “register“ the software. Once you’ve done that, you’ll be sent a license code to unlock the full program.
Save and transfer text messages to computer with Decipher TextMessage
Hopefully, you’ll find these tips helpful as you prepare to upgrade your phone to Apple’s new iPhone 8 or iPhone X. And remember — backup backup backup! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Walter Peeler
Copyedit notes
Usual format; comments, questions etc below. EyeSerene talk 11:38, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
First World War
* There's a nice photo on the HMAT Wandilla article that might be of interest?
* Nice spot! Will add it in. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 23:54, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* I've corrected what I assumed to be a couple of typos in the VC citation ("Beeler"→"Peeler", "closeby"→"close by"). This might need double-checking.
* such things are normally artefacts of the OCR process used to create the text layer in the pdf of the original Gazette page. That certainly seems to be the case here. David Underdown (talk) 13:32, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks David, that was pretty much what I'd assumed, but as it's a direct quotation I thought it as well to check. EyeSerene talk 14:28, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* You know the link to the original text was there (albeit a page out) ;) David Underdown (talk) 17:20, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* I kicked myself when I saw your correction. Why I didn't think of actually looking at the ref, I've no idea... EyeSerene talk 17:24, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks for fixing those issues, guys. There are always typos when one copy/pastes something from the London Gazette', the issue is just trying to spot them all. ;-) After Eye made the tweak, I went to check it against the entry and found that I had put it a page out—probably because I copied the template off of Lewis McGee!—and meant to fix it today when Eye wasn't tweaking the page and may result in a edit conflict. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 23:54, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
Inter-war years
* "...joining H.V. McKay Harvester Works" Should this be "joining H.V. McKay's Harvester Works" or "joining the H.V. McKay Harvester Works"?
* Probably the latter. Done. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 00:07, 12 December 2009 (UTC)
External links modified
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Their passion for the revolution is what drove them the most and what ultimately drove them to involuntarily put their families’ lives at risk. They participated, and were involved in the revolution in spite of the risk of imprisonment and torture. The Mirabal sisters fought until death for what they believe in and the benefit of their country. Over the course of the novel, the Mirabal sisters have shown a strong desire to be in the revolution and free their country from the cruel hands of Trujillo and his regime whilst putting their families in danger. Minerva is the first to give into the revolution as she leaves her children with her sisters and mother while she goes on to try and free the country.
Margaret Sanger “When a motherhood becomes the fruit of a deep yearning, not the result of ignorance or accident, its children will become the foundation of a new race." (Margaret Sanger, 1) Margaret Sanger, known as the founder of birth control, declared this powerful statement. It is reality that the rights that are customary for women in the twentieth century have been the product of the arduous physical and mental work of many courageous women. These individuals fought for the right for women to be respected in both mind and body by bestowing on them the rights to protect their femininity and to gain the equivalent respect given to men. A remarkable woman named Margaret Sanger is the individual who incredibly contributed to the feministic revolution that took place in the 1920’s.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was not just a mother, daughter, feminist, and writer; but she is the woman who changed the lives of women everywhere by fighting for equality. Stanton lived a normal childhood, but one that motivated her to never give up hope in reaching her goal. A quick background of her life will help better understand why she became such a powerful woman’s rights activist. Also, what she accomplished that changed history and how it still affects us today in 2011. I will also express my individual satisfaction with what this incredible woman has done for women everywhere.
It is very accurate and specific in detail with the incredible campaigns Jane Addams represented. The book, “Jane Addams: Spirit in Action”, was intended to show people what a great woman Addams particularly was. It describes her passion to help individuals in any way she possibly can. It also describes how her life led up to her being a well-organized and successful woman despite her losses. Addams mother passed and was raised by her father who loved her very much.
(Eastman) Ethos, referring to ethics, is displayed by the fact that Eastman was very creditable due to her first-hand experience living as woman during women’s rights movement. She felt women must embark on a bold new crusade for their own freedom and Eastman was certainly willing to go along for the women’s movement campaign. Eastman was highly educated, well versed, believed in her cause and was not afraid to stand up for women’s rights. “She gave hundreds of speeches, organized fund-raising events and lobbied members of Congress while working with the Congressional Union” (Law). Simply put to get a groups attention you have to know what you are talking about.
After clearing the British outposts, she ran into the American army and revealed the British's strategy. With this vital information, the Continental Army was able to thwart the British's plans.11 In the end, the Americans won the American Revolution and independence from the British. In the spirit of the Revolution, women also gained some independence from their confining roles because of their efforts in the war. Greater numbers of young girls were allowed to go to school. More women held jobs, campaigned against slavery, improved prisons and poorhouses conditions, and advocated women's rights.12 Abigail Adams, a fervent advocate of women's rights, wrote to her husband John Adams at the Continental Congress that "If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies, we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice or Representation.
The pain she witnessed allowed her to persevere for the unity of her family. She overcomes many obstacles and endures a lot of pain and suffering to finally gain freedom for herself and her children. The reader can be sure that she will work hard to buy her own house for her family and continue to strive to provide the best for her children. Works Cited Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.
Such as Emmeline, she sacrificed the time she would have spent with her children and instead she went out to protest and started women suffrage organization. She gave up her freedom to prove that women deserve the right to vote. During Odysseus long journey he faced many obstacles the Cyclops, Circe and many more but he did not give up. Emmeline Pankhurst is one of the most important people in history she will be remembered forever, her place in this world will always be remembered and respected. Works Cited "BBC- history- Emmeline Pankhurst.
It is a story about a woman warrior who takes place of her father in battle and returns in victory as a heroine. It evidently shows that her mother tells this story with her sincerest hopes and passions for her. Her mother wishes her to become more than what it was hope for . Even though woman in old China only grow up to be wives and slaves, she hopes and even dilutions of grandeurs for her daughters thrive in their hearts. Story-telling has been an essential part of their childhood.
She was born in a big family with very educated parents. She supported the lives of woman both private and public to change their lives in general. Elizabeth was known for being one of the best women rights fighter. From a small age she knew she wanted to be different, because growing up she saw how unbalanced the lives of women where. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born on November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:The King's English/Part 1/Chapter 1
This text is based on the 1931 third edition of The King's English by Henry Watson Fowler (1858-1933) and Francis George Fowler (1871-1918), and published by Oxford University Press (Oxford at the Clarendon Press). Both authors passed over 70 years go. | WIKI |
1978 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11
The 1978 Tour de France was the 65th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Leiden, the Netherlands, with a prologue individual time trial on 29 June, and Stage 11 occurred on 11 July with a mountainous stage to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet. The race finished in Paris on 23 July.
Prologue
29 June 1978 – Leiden to Leiden, 5 km (ITT)
Due to bad weather, the prologue result did not contribute to the general classification and a yellow jersey wasn't awarded.
Stage 1a
30 June 1978 – Leiden to Sint Willebrord, 135 km
Stage 1b
30 June 1978 – Sint Willebrord to Brussels, 100 km
Stage 2
1 July 1978 – Brussels to Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, 199 km
Stage 3
2 July 1978 – Saint-Amand-les-Eaux to Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 244 km
Stage 4
3 July 1978 – Évreux to Caen, 153 km (TTT)
Stage 5
4 July 1978 – Caen to Mazé–Montgeoffroy, 244 km
Stage 6
5 July 1978 – Mazé–Montgeoffroy to Poitiers, 162 km
Stage 7
6 July 1978 – Poitiers to Bordeaux, 242 km
Stage 8
7 July 1978 – Saint-Émilion to Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, 59 km (ITT)
Stage 9
8 July 1978 – Bordeaux to Biarritz, 233 km
Rest day 1
9 July 1978 – Biarritz
Stage 10
10 July 1978 – Biarritz to Pau, 192 km
Stage 11
11 July 1978 – Pau to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet, 161 km | WIKI |
grangier
Etymology
* cf. Medieval Latin.
Noun
* 1) granger; one who maintains a grange (a small farm) | WIKI |
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Create and Manage Materialized Views in Cloudberry Database
In Cloudberry Database, materialized views are similar to views. A materialized view enables you to save a frequently used or complex query, then access the query results in a SELECT statement as if they were a table. Materialized views persist the query results in a table-like form.
Although accessing the data stored in a materialized view can be much faster than accessing the underlying tables directly or through a regular view, the data is not always current. The materialized view data cannot be directly updated. To refresh the materialized view data, use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command.
The query used to create the materialized view is stored in exactly the same way that a view's query is stored. For example, you can create a materialized view that quickly displays a summary of historical sales data for situations where having incomplete data for the current date is acceptable.
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sales_summary AS
SELECT seller_no, invoice_date, sum(invoice_amt)::numeric(13,2) as sales_amt
FROM invoice
WHERE invoice_date < CURRENT_DATE
GROUP BY seller_no, invoice_date
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX sales_summary_seller
ON sales_summary (seller_no, invoice_date);
The materialized view might be useful for displaying a graph in the dashboard created for sales people. You can schedule a job to update the summary information each night using the following command:
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sales_summary;
The information about a materialized view in the Cloudberry Database system catalogs is exactly the same as it is for a table or view. A materialized view is a relation, just like a table or a view. When a materialized view is referenced in a query, the data is returned directly from the materialized view, just like from a table. The query in the materialized view definition is only used for populating the materialized view.
If you can tolerate periodically updating the materialized view data, you can get great performance benefit from the view.
One use of a materialized view is to allow faster access to data brought in from an external data source such as external table or a foreign data wrapper. Also, you can define indexes on a materialized view, whereas foreign data wrappers do not support indexes; this advantage might not apply for other types of external data access.
If a subquery is associated with a single query, consider using the WITH clause of the SELECT command instead of creating a seldom-used materialized view.
Create materialized views
The CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW command defines a materialized view based on a query.
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW us_users AS SELECT u.id, u.name, a.zone FROM users u, address a WHERE a.country = 'USA';
tip
When a materialized view is created with an ORDER BY or SORT clause, this sorting is applied only at the time of the view's initial creation. Subsequent refreshes of the materialized view do not maintain this order, because the view is essentially a static snapshot of data and does not dynamically update or preserve the sorting with new data insertions.
Refresh or deactivate materialized views
The REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command updates the materialized view data.
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW us_users;
With the WITH NO DATA clause, the current data is removed, no new data is generated, and the materialized view is left in an unscannable state. An error is returned if a query attempts to access an unscannable materialized view.
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW us_users WITH NO DATA;
Drop materialized views
The DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW command removes a materialized view definition and data. For example:
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW us_users;
The DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ... CASCADE command also removes all dependent objects. For example, if another materialized view depends on the materialized view which is about to be dropped, the other materialized view will be dropped as well. Without the CASCADE option, the DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW command fails. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Cas9 wiki project/sandbox
Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated with the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Palindromic Repeats) adaptive immunity system in Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes utilizes Cas9 to interrogate and cleave foreign DNA, such as invading bacteriophage DNA or plasmid DNA. Cas9 performs this interrogation by unwinding foreign DNA and checking for complementarity with the 20 base pair long spacer region of the guide RNA. Specifically, the guide RNA is composed of two disparate RNAs that associate to make the guide- the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the trans-activating RNA (tracrRNA). If a DNA substrate is cognate to the guide RNA, Cas9 cleaves the invading DNA. In this sense, the CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism has a number of parallels with the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism in eukaryotes. Apart from its original function in bacterial immunity, the Cas9 protein has been heavily utilized as a genome engineering tool to induce site-directed double strand breaks in DNA. These breaks can lead to gene inactivation or the introduction of heterologous genes through non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively in many laboratory model organisms. Alongside zinc finger nucleases and TALEN proteins, Cas9 is becoming a prominent tool in the field of genome editing.
Cas9 has gained traction in recent years because it can cleave nearly any sequence complementary to the guide RNA. Because the target specificity of Cas9 stems from the guide RNA:DNA complementarity and not modifications to the protein itself (like TALENs and Zinc-fingers), engineering Cas9 to target new DNA is quite easy. The design flexibility coupled with versions of Cas9 that binds but does not cleave cognate DNA also has potential for turning genes on and off by localizing transcriptional activator or repressors to specific DNA sequences. Further simplification was provided in a 2012 seminal paper that depicts the creation of a chimeric single guide RNA by combining the tracr- and crRNA moieties. Scientists have suggested that Cas9-based gene drives may be capable of editing the genomes of entire populations of organisms. Much like the revolution in molecular biology that accompanied the discovery of restriction enzymes in the 1970s, the “Cas9 toolbox” also holds great potential.
Overview
Cas9 features a bi-lobed architecture with the guide RNA nestled between the alpha-helical lobe (blue; fig 1) and the nuclease lobe (cyan, orange and gray). These two lobes are connected through a single bridge helix. There are two nuclease domains located in the multi-domain nuclease lobe, the RuvC (gray) which cleaves the non-target DNA strand, and the HNH nuclease domain (cyan) that cleaves the target strand of DNA. Interestingly, the RuvC domain is encoded by sequentially disparate sites that interact in the tertiary structure to form the RuvC cleavage domain (See Figure 1).
A key feature of the target DNA is that it must contain a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) consisting of the three-nucleotide sequence- NGG. This PAM is recognized by the PAM-interacting domain (PI domain, orange) located near the C-terminal end of Cas9. Cas9 undergoes distinct conformational changes between the apo, guide RNA bound, and guide RNA:DNA target bound states, which are detailed below.
In type II CRISPR system, Cas9 recognizes the stem-loop structure formed by repeat and mediates the maturation of crRNA-tracrRNA complex. Cas9 in complex with CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) further recognizes and degrades the target dsDNA. In the co-crystal structure shown here (Fig. 1), the crRNA-tracrRNA complex is replaced by a chimeric single-guide RNA (sgRNA) which has been proved to have the same function as the natural RNA complex. The sgRNA base paired with target ssDNA is anchored by Cas9 as a T-shaped architecture. The first structure of Cas9 shown here reveals this protein consists of a recognition lobe (REC) and a nuclease lobe (NUC). By additional sequence alignment, Cas9 can be further divided into six regions: REC1, REC2, RuvC, HNH, PAM-interacting (PI), and Bridge helix (BH). All other regions except HNH form tight interactions with each other and sgRNA-ssDNA complex, while the HNH domain forms few contacts with the rest of the protein. In another conformation of Cas9 complex observed in the crystal, the HNH domain is not visible. These structures suggest the conformational flexibility of HNH domain.
The interactions between sgRNA and Cas9
In sgRNA-Cas9 complex, based on the crystal structure, REC1, BH and PI domains have important contacts with backbone or bases in both repeat and spacer region. Several Cas9 mutants including REC1 or REC2 domains deletion and residues mutations in BH have been tested. REC1 and BH related mutants show lower or none activity compared with wild type, which indicate these two domains are crucial for the sgRNA recognition at repeat sequence and stabilization of the whole complex. Although the interactions between spacer sequence and Cas9 as well as PI domain and repeat region need further studies, the co-crystal demonstrates clear interface between Cas9 and sgRNA.
Target digestion
Previous sequence analysis and biochemical studies have suggested Cas9 contain RNase H and HNH endonuclease homologous domains which are responsible for cleavages of two target DNA strands, respectively. These results are finally proved in the structure. Although the low sequence similarity, the sequence similar to RNase H has a RuvC fold (one member of RNase H family) and the HNH region folds as T4 Endo VII (one member of HNH endonuclease family). Previous works on Cas9 have demonstrated that HNH domain is responsible for complementary sequence cleavage of target DNA and RuvC is responsible for the non-complementary sequence (Westra, et al. 2012; Wiedenheft, et al. 2014). | WIKI |
All species carp
Carp fish, discover 8 popular species
Carp Fish: A Beginner's Guide to Identification and Characteristics
The main characteristics of fish
Carp fish are a type of freshwater fish that belong to the family Cyprinidae. Here are some of the main characteristics of carp fish:
Size: They Can vary in size, but they generally range from 10 to 40 inches in length and can weigh anywhere from a few pounds to over 100 pounds.
Appearance: The Carp have a stocky, cylindrical body shape and a slightly arched back. They typically have large scales and a slightly downturned mouth with four barbels (whisker-like projections) around it. Carp can also vary in color, with some species being bronze, brown, or green, and others having a golden or yellow hue.
Diet: Carp fish are omnivorous, which means they eat both plants and animals. Their diet can include insects, crustaceans, snails, and small fish, as well as aquatic plants and algae.
Habitat: Carp are native to Asia and Europe but have been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America. They prefer slow-moving or still waters such as ponds, lakes, and rivers.
Behavior: The fish are known for their strong swimming ability and can be quite active, especially during feeding times. They are also social creatures and can be found in schools or groups.
Lifespan: Carp fish can live for several decades in the right conditions, with some species living up to 50 years. Overall, carp fish are hardy, adaptable fish that can thrive in a variety of environments. They are also popular with anglers due to their large size and strength, as well as their willingness to take bait.
Leather carp
Leather Carp
Leather carp (Cyprinus carpio var. unicolor) is a variety or subspecies of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). It is a type of scaled carp that has a unique appearance due to the absence of normal scales on its body. Instead, the leather carp has a tough, leathery skin that is covered in a layer of slime. This skin provides some protection against predators, but it also makes the fish more susceptible to parasitic infections.
Leather carp are typically a dark, greyish-brown color with a yellowish underbelly. They can grow to be quite large, with some individuals reaching over 40 inches in length and weighing over 50 pounds. Like other carp species, they are omnivorous and will eat a variety of plant and animal matter.
This species are not as common as other types of carp, but they are still found in some fisheries and can be targeted by anglers. They are also used in aquaculture operations and are sometimes kept as ornamental fish in ponds and aquariums. However, their unique skin makes them less desirable for food than other types of carp, as the skin can be difficult to remove and has a tougher texture.
Grass carp
Grass Carp
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a species of freshwater fish that is native to eastern Asia, including China and Russia. It is a herbivorous fish that feeds primarily on aquatic plants and algae, and is sometimes used in aquaculture and fisheries management to control vegetation in lakes and ponds.
Here are some key features of the grass carp:
Appearance: Grass carp have a long, slender body that is typically olive-green or brownish in color. They can grow up to 4 feet in length and weigh up to 100 pounds, although most individuals are smaller than this.
Diet: The carp are herbivores and feed on aquatic plants, including algae, pondweeds, and watermilfoils. They have strong, ridged pharyngeal teeth that allow them to crush and grind tough plant material.
Habitat: They are typically found in slow-moving or still waters such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. They prefer clear, shallow water with plenty of vegetation.
Reproduction: Grass carp typically spawn in the spring, and females can produce up to 1 million eggs per year. They are not native to North America, but have been introduced to control aquatic weeds in some lakes and rivers.
Uses: In addition to their role in aquatic weed control, grass carp are also used in aquaculture to produce food for human consumption. However, there are concerns that escaped grass carp can become invasive and damage native ecosystems.
Overall, the grass carp is an important species in aquatic ecology and fisheries management, but it is important to carefully manage their use and prevent them from becoming invasive in non-native habitats.
Bighead carp
Bighead Carp
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) is a species of freshwater fish native to eastern Asia, including China and the Amur River basin. It is a type of Asian carp and is known for its large size and rapid growth rate.
Bighead carp has an elongated body and a large, protruding head with a blunt snout. They can grow up to 1.5 meters in length and can weigh over 40 kilograms. They have silver-colored scales and large eyes, and their fins are generally a pale color.
The carp are omnivorous and feed on plankton, algae, and other small organisms. They are also known to consume detritus and suspended organic matter. They are often considered an invasive species in areas where they have been introduced, as they can outcompete native fish for food and habitat, and reproduce rapidly.
In some cultures, bighead carp is considered a delicacy and is farmed for food. However, due to its invasive nature, it is important to manage bighead carp populations carefully to prevent negative impacts on the environment and other species.
Silver carp
Silver Carp
Silver carp is a species of freshwater fish native to the rivers of Southeast Asia. It is a member of the family Cyprinidae and is also known as the Asian carp. Silver carp have been introduced to other parts of the world, including the United States, where they were first brought in the 1970s to help control algae growth in aquaculture ponds.
The carp are known for their jumping ability and can leap up to 10 feet out of the water when startled by boats or other disturbances. They are also filter feeders, using their specialized gill rakers to strain small planktonic organisms from the water.
In the United States, silver carp have become an invasive species and are considered a threat to native fish populations and aquatic ecosystems. They have spread through the Mississippi River and its tributaries, and efforts are being made to control their populations and prevent further spread. Some people have also tried to find culinary uses for the fish in the United States, as it is considered a delicacy in some parts of Asia.
Black carp
Black Carp
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It is native to eastern Asia, including China, Vietnam, and Korea, and is also known as the snail carp, mud carp, or simply black Chinese carp.
Black carp can grow up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) in length and weigh up to 50 kilograms (110 pounds). They are usually black or dark gray in color with a white belly. Black carp feed primarily on snails and mollusks, making them useful in controlling populations of invasive snails in freshwater ecosystems.
However, the carp have also been introduced to other parts of the world, including the United States, where they have become an invasive species that threatens native snail and mollusk populations. As a result, black carp are considered a significant threat to the ecological integrity of many freshwater ecosystems outside their native range.
Crusian carp
Crusian Carp
The Crusian carp (Carassius carassius) is a freshwater fish species belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It is native to Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to other parts of the world as well.
The Crusian carp is a small to medium-sized fish, typically growing to lengths of around 20-30 cm (8-12 inches). It has a stout, cylindrical body, with a small, slightly oblique mouth and a short dorsal fin. Its scales are large and golden brown in color, and its fins are generally orange-red or reddish-brown.
The carp are omnivorous and feed on a variety of foods, including insects, crustaceans, small fish, and plant matter. They are commonly found in slow-moving or still waters such as ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers.
Crusian carp are popular among anglers for their sport and their mild, white meat. They are also sometimes kept as ornamental fish in backyard ponds. However, in some parts of the world, they are considered invasive species due to their ability to outcompete native fish for resources.
Ghost carp
Ghost Carp
Ghost carp, also known as "ghost koi," are a color variant of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) that have been selectively bred to produce a fish that is predominantly white with a few grey or black markings. Ghost carp are popular among fish enthusiasts and can be found in many ponds and aquariums around the world.
The carp are generally hardy fish that can tolerate a wide range of water conditions, but they require clean, well-oxygenated water with plenty of space to swim. They are omnivorous and will eat a variety of foods, including pellets, flakes, and live or frozen foods.
Like other carp, ghost carp can grow quite large if given enough space and food. They can live for many years and make interesting and entertaining pets for those who are willing to provide them with the care and attention they require.
Miror carp
Miror carp
Mirror carp is a species of carp native to Europe and western Asia. It is a large fish, typically reaching lengths of up to 60 cm (24 in). Mirror carp have a silvery-green body, with a yellowish-brown to olive-brown back and upper sides.
They feed on aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, small fish, and plant matter. Mirror carp are highly valued for their delicious flavor, and they are a popular fish for angling. They are also an important species in aquaculture, as they can tolerate low oxygen levels and a wide range of temperatures.
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Pyu city-states
The Pyu city-states (ပျူ မြို့ပြ နိုင်ငံများ) were a group of city-states that existed from about the 2nd century BCE to the mid-11th century in present-day Upper Myanmar (Burma). The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people, the earliest inhabitants of Burma of whom records are extant. The thousand-year period, often referred to as the Pyu millennium, linked the Bronze Age to the beginning of the classical states period when the Pagan Kingdom emerged in the late 9th century.
The major Pyu city-states were all located in the three main irrigated regions of Upper Burma: the Mu River Valley, the Kyaukse plains and Minbu region, around the confluence of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin Rivers. Five major walled cities- Beikthano, Maingmaw, Binnaka, Hanlin, and Sri Ksetra- and several smaller towns have been excavated throughout the Irrawaddy River basin. Hanlin, founded in the 1st century AD, was the largest and most important city until around the 7th or 8th century when it was superseded by Sri Ksetra (near modern Pyay) at the southern edge of the Pyu Realm. Twice as large as Halin, Sri Ksetra was eventually the largest and most influential Pyu centre. Only the city-states of Halin, Beikthano and Sri Ksetra are designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, where the other sites can be added in the future for an extension nomination.
The Pyu realm was part of an overland trade route between China and India. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts, which would have an enduring influence on the political organisation and culture of Burma. The Pyu calendar, based on the Buddhist calendar, later became the Burmese calendar. The Pyu script, based on the Brahmi script, may have been the source of the Burmese script used to write the Burmese language.
The millennium-old civilisation came crashing down in the 9th century when the city-states were destroyed by repeated invasions from the Kingdom of Nanzhao. The Bamar people set up a garrison town at Bagan (Pagan) at the confluence of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin Rivers. Pyu settlements remained in Upper Burma for the next three centuries but the Pyu gradually were absorbed into the expanding Pagan Kingdom. The Pyu language still existed until the late 12th century. By the 13th century, the Pyu had assumed the Burman ethnicity. The histories and legends of the Pyu were also incorporated to those of the Bamar.
Background
Based on limited archaeological evidence, it is inferred that the earliest cultures existed in Burma as early as 11,000 BCE, mainly in the central dry zone close to the Irrawaddy. The Anyathian, Burma's Stone Age, existed around the same time as the lower and middle Paleolithic eras in Europe. Three caves located near Taunggyi at the foothills of the Shan Hills have yielded Neolithic artefacts dated to 10,000–6000 BCE.
About 1500 BCE, people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice, and domesticating chickens and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. By 500 BCE, iron-working settlements emerged in an area south of present-day Mandalay. Bronze-decorated coffins and burial sites filled with earthenware remains have been excavated. Archaeological evidence at Samon River Valley south of Mandalay suggests rice-growing settlements that traded with China between 500 BCE and 200 CE.
In about the 2nd century BCE, the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people began to enter the Irrawaddy River Valley from present-day Yunnan using the Taping and Shweli Rivers. The original home of the Pyu is reconstructed to be Qinghai Lake, which is located in the present-day provinces of Qinghai and Gansu. The Pyu, the earliest inhabitants of Burma of whom records are extant, went on to found settlements throughout the plains region centred on the confluence of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin Rivers that has been inhabited since the Paleolithic. The Pyu realm was longer than wide, stretching from Sri Ksetra in the south to Halin in the north, Binnaka and Maingmaw to the east and probably Ayadawkye to the west. The Tang dynasty's records report 18 Pyu states, nine of which were walled cities, covering 298 districts.
Decline of Pyu city-states
It was a long-lasting civilisation that lasted nearly a millennium to the early 9th century until a new group of "swift horsemen" from the north, the (Mranma) (Burmans) of the Nanzhao Kingdom entered the upper Irrawaddy valley through a series of raids. According to the Tang Dynasty chronicles, the Nanzhao began their raids of Upper Burma starting as early as 754 or 760. By 763, the Nanzhao king Ko-lo-feng had conquered the upper Irrawaddy Valley. Nanzhao raids intensified in the 9th century, with the Nanzhao raiding in 800–802, and again in 808–809. Finally, according to the Chinese, in 832, the Nanzhao warriors overran the Pyu country, and took away 3000 Pyu prisoners from Halin. (In 835, the Chinese records say the Nanzhao also raided a state, generally identified by some but not universally accepted to be a Pyu state.)
To be sure, the Pyu and their culture did not disappear just because 3000 of them were taken away. The size of the Pyu realm and its many walled cities throughout the land indicates a population many times over. Indeed, no firm indications at Sri Ksetra or at any other Pyu site exist to suggest a violent overthrow. It is more likely that these raids significantly weakened the Pyu states, enabling the Burmans to move into Pyu territories. At any rate, evidence shows that the actual pace of Burman migration into the Pyu realm was gradual. Radiocarbon dating shows that human activity existed until c. 870 at Halin, the subject of the 832 Nanzhao raid. The Burmese chronicles claim the Burmans founded the fortified city of Pagan (Bagan) in 849 but the oldest radiocarbon dated evidence at Pagan (old walls) points to 980 CE while the main walls point to circa 1020 CE, just 24 years earlier than the beginning of the reign of Anawrahta, the founder of Pagan Empire.
At any rate, the Burmans had overtaken the leadership of the Pyu realm by the late 10th century, and went on to found the Pagan Empire in the middle of the 11th century, unifying the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery for the first time. Nonetheless, the Pyu had left an indelible mark on Pagan whose Burman rulers would incorporate the histories and legends of the Pyu as their own. The Burman kings of Pagan claimed descent from the kings of Sri Ksetra and Tagaung as far back as 850 BCE—a claim dismissed by most modern scholars. Pyu settlements remained in Upper Burma for the next three centuries but the Pyu gradually were absorbed and assimilated into the expanding Pagan Empire. The Pyu language still existed until the late 12th century but by the 13th century, the Pyu had assumed the Burman ethnicity and disappeared into history.
Archaeology
The Pyu were the earliest people in Southeast Asia to welcome in and adapt to Brahmic scripts in order to record their tonal language, inventing tonal markers. The Pyu shared a type of urbanism on a wide variety of scales. They had walled spaces with one side sealed by a water tank or a tank outside of the walls. In late prehistory, the Pyu settled for quite some time in Beikthano in the Yin River Valley than the Nawin River Valley at Sri Ksetra, because they proved their skills of water control using irrigation systems depended on their good knowledge of the conditions in each locality and area. According to Stargardt in “From the Iron Age to early cities at Srikestra and Beikthano, Myanmar” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, all the archaeology found a lot of major inscriptions on stone in phy language survive at Sri Kestra (Pyu), Hanlin and near Pinle (Hmainmaw), and Pagan (Bagan). They have strong evidence on the people were living in that century between the third-fourth and fifth-sixth centuries CE. All the record was nominated by World Heritage UNESCO and other historians. In this article, it mentioned and written also "Pyu" were among the earlies people in Southeast Asia. As Stargardt acknowledges in that article, "Sri Kestra" contained fields, irrigation canals, water tanks and iron-working sites, as well as monuments, markets (and elusive habitation areas) both inside and outside walls, all these halls also provide evidence of a powerful belief system in the elaborate provision of the dead”. In that article, the author adds upon his research in other's article, they also recorded old photo of founded place which is already surveyed in nine major burial terraces outside the southern city walls, old Buddhist monuments including the complex at "Beikthano" city and the queen "Panhtwar" cemetery.
Archaeological surveys have actually so far unearthed 12 walled cities, including five large walled cities, and several smaller non-fortified settlements, located at or near the three most important irrigated regions of precolonial Burma: the Mu River Valley in the north, the Kyaukse plains in centre, and the Minbu region in the south and west of the former two. The city-states were contemporaries of the Kingdom of Funan (Cambodia) and (perhaps) Champa (southern Vietnam), Dvaravati (Thailand), Tambralinga and Takuapa near the Kra Isthmus, and Srivijaya (southeast Sumatra). All these statelets foreshadowed the rise of the "classical kingdoms" of Southeast Asia in the second millennium CE.
City-states
Of the 12 walled cities excavated thus far, five are the remains of largest Pyu states: Beikthano, Maingmaw, Binnaka, Halin and Sri Ksetra.
Beikthano
Beikthano (ဗိဿနိုး ) situated in the irrigated Minbu region (near present-day Taungdwingyi) with direct land access to the well-watered Kyaukse plains to its northeast, is the oldest urban site so far discovered and scientifically excavated site. Its remains—the structures, pottery, artefacts, and human skeletons—date from 200 BCE to 100 CE. Named after the Hindu god Vishnu, the city may be the first capital of a culturally and perhaps even politically uniform state in the history of Burma. It was a large fortified settlement, measuring approximately 300 hectares inside the rectangular (3 x) walls. The walls and fortifications along it measured 6 m thick, and are radiocarbon dated to a period between 180 BCE and 610 CE. Like most subsequent cities, the main entrance of the walls led to the palace, which faced east. Stupas and monastic buildings have also been excavated within the city walls.
Maingmaw
Maingmaw (MY မိုင်းမော ), also called Mong Mao (not to be confused with Mong Mao), located in the Kyaukse region, was circular in shape, and has tentatively been dated to the first millennium BCE. It is also sometimes called Pinle after the village near its modern site in Myittha Township and should not the confused with Pinle Pyu, a speculated Pyu city in Southern Myanmar. At 2.5 km in diameter and 222 hectares, Maingmaw is one of the largest ancient cities on the entire Kyaukse plains. It has two inner enclosure walls, the outer of which is square while the inner one is circular. The plan of a circle within a square suggest a zodiac sign which represents a view of the heavens from the perspective of the sun, the manner in which 19th century Mandalay was also conceptualised. At almost dead centre, a 19th-century temple called Nandawya Paya, which was probably built upon the ruins of an ancient one. The city is bisected by a canal, thought to be contemporary to the city, though no scientific dating has confirmed it. Excavations—the first of which was carried out in 1979—have unearthed many artefacts, including jewellery, silver coins, and funerary urns. Many of the artefacts such as the coins and funerary urns are virtually identical to those found Beikthano and Binnaka.
Binnaka
Binnaka (MY ဘိန္နက ) too was located in the Kyaukse region, and virtually identical to its neighbour Maingmaw in numerous ways. Its brick structures shared the same floor plan as those found at Beikthano and other Pyu sites. Excavations have recovered pre-Buddhist artefacts, gold necklaces, precious stone images of elephants, turtles and lions, distinctive Pyu pottery, terracotta tablets with writing that strongly resembled the Pyu script, and various kinds of acid-etched onyx beads along with others made of amber and jade. Also excavated are distinctive silver coins identical to those found at Beikthano and Binnaka, stone moulds for casting silver and gold ornamental flowers, a gold armlet in association with a silver bowl that has Pyu writing on it, and funerary urns virtually identical to those found Beikthano and Binnaka.
Both Maingmaw and Binnaka may have been contemporary of Beikthano. The chronicles, which do not mention Beikthano at all, do mention the two, though not specifically as Pyu cities. The chronicles state that the ruler of Binnaka was responsible for the fall of Tagaung, the city identified by the chronicles as the original home of Burmese speakers. Binnaka was inhabited until about the 19th century, according to a Konbaung era palm-leaf sittan (record) discovered there.
Halin
Halin or Halingyi (MY ဟန်လင်းကြီး ), located in the Mu valley, one of the largest irrigated regions of precolonial Burma, is the northernmost Pyu city so far discovered. The earliest artefacts of Halin—city's wooden gates—are radiocarbon dated to 70 CE. The city was rectangular but with curved corners, and brick-walled. Excavated walls are approximately 3.2 km long on the north–south axis and 1.6 km on the east–west. At 664 hectares, the city was nearly twice the size of Beikthano. It has four main gates at the cardinal points, and a total of 12 gates, based on the zodiac. A river or canal ran through the city. Traces of a moat exist on all sides except the south, where it was probably not needed, as land was dammed there to create reservoirs.
This design of the city influenced the city planning of later Burmese cities and the Siamese city of Sukhothai. For example, the number of gates and configuration was also found in subsequent major Burmese capitals such as the 11th century Pagan and 19th century Mandalay. The city's configuration was also found at other contemporary cities such as Maingmaw and Beikthano in the Pyu realm and Danyawaddy and Wethali in Arakan as well as later cities such as Sukhothai, which emerged over a millennium later. Structural remains of temples at Halin show that the design of city's temples influenced the 11th to 13th century temples at Pagan. Excavated artefacts point to Halin's Pyu script to be the earliest writing in the Pyu realm (and in Burma). It was based on an earlier version of the Brahmi script (Mauryan and Guptan). Inscriptions at Sri Ksetra show a later version of the same script.
Known for the production of salt, a highly prized commodity in the first millennium, Halin was superseded by Sri Ksetra as the premier Pyu city-state circa 7th century. By the Chinese accounts, Halin remained an important Pyu centre until the 9th century when the Pyu realm came under repeated attacks from the Nanzhao Kingdom. The Chinese records state that the city was destroyed by the Nanzhao warriors in 832 CE, with 3000 of its inhabitants taken away. However, radiocarbon dating reveals human activity to about 870 CE, nearly four decades after the reported sack of the city.
Sri Ksetra
Sri Ksetra or Thaye Khittaya (MY သရေခေတ္တရာ ; lit., "Field of Fortune" or "Field of Glory" ), located 8 km southeast of Prome (Pyay) at present-day Hmawza village, was the last and southernmost Pyu capital. The city was founded between the 5th and 7th centuries, although during two of the recent excavations, January to February 2015 and December 2015 to February 2016, led by Janice Stargardt in Yahanda mound at Sri Ksetra, sherds stamped with Buddhist motifs were found, dated from c. 340 +/- 30 CE. and Pyu culture cremation burials around 270 +/- 30 CE. Sri Ksetra likely overtook Halin as the premier Pyu city by the 7th or 8th century, and retained that status until the Mranma arrived in the 9th century. The city was home to at least two dynasties, and maybe three. The first dynasty, called the Vikrama Dynasty, is believed to have launched the Pyu calendar, which later became the Burmese calendar, on 22 March 638. The second dynasty was founded by King Duttabaung on 25 March 739 (11th waxing of Tagu 101 ME).
Sri Ksetra is the largest Pyu site discovered thus far. (Only Beikthano and Sri Ksetra have been extensively excavated. Other important Pyu cities as Maingmaw and Binnaka could yield more artefacts with more extensive excavations.) It occupied a larger area than that of the 11th century Pagan or 19th century Mandalay. Circular in design, Sri Ksetra was more than 13 km in circumference and three to four km across, or about 1400 hectares of occupied area. The city's brick walls were 4.5 m high, and had 12 gates with huge devas (deities) guarding the entrances and a pagoda at each of the four corners.
It also has curving gateways, such as those found at Halin and Beikthano. In the centre of the city was what most scholars think represented the rectangular palace site, 518 x, symbolising both a mandala and a zata (horoscope), like in Maingmaw. Only the southern half of the city was taken up by the palace, monasteries and houses; the entire northern half consisted of rice fields. Together with the moats and walls, this arrangement ensured that the city could withstand a long siege by enemies.
Sri Ksetra was an important entrepôt between China and India. It was located on the Irrawaddy, not far from the sea as the Irrawaddy delta had not yet been formed. Ships from the Indian Ocean could come up to Prome to trade with the Pyu realm and China. Trade with India brought deep cultural contacts. Sri Ksetra has yielded the most extensive remains of Theravada Buddhism. Religious art suggests several distinct occupations with earlier influences stemming from Southeast India and later influences from Southwest India while 9th century influences include those from the Nanzhao Kingdom. Much of the Chinese account of the Pyu states was through Sri Ksetra. Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang in 648 and Yijing in 675 mentioned Sri Ksetra in their accounts of Buddhist kingdoms of Southeast Asia. The Tang histories mention the arrival at the court of an embassy from the Pyu capital in 801.
Tagaung
A small but politically significant Pyu site is Tagaung (MY တကောင်း ) located in Tagaung, Mandalay Region (about 200-km north of Mandalay) where Pyu artefacts including funerary urns have been excavated. Tagaung pottery is similar in size and cluster positions to other Pyu vessels but is otherwise very different to those further south. This may indicate a degree of influence from other sources or that it is markedly different from the central Pyu culture. The significance of Tagaung is due to the fact that the Burmese chronicles identify Tagaung as the home of the first Burmese kingdom. Aside from Beikthano and Sri Ksetra, most Pyu sites have not seen extensive or any excavation.
Pinle
The lost city described as Pinle Pyu (MY ပင်လယ်ပျူ, lit. 'Sea Pyu') is recorded as being located next to the sea. Unlike many other small Pyu sites, the city is speculated to be large in size located downstream from Sri Ksetra.
Some archaeologists believe that ruins near Ingapu, Ayeyarwady Region may be the location of Pinle Pyu. Historian Phone Tint Kyaw led a team to study the area in 2009 and concluded the site may be a Pyu site based on the use of Brahmi script, a script that dates towards the third century BC, and the architectural similarities to other Pyu sites, particularly a site in Shwedaung, Bago Region further up the Irrawaddy River. The ancient site itself was built symmetrically on a mountain ridge designed around stupas and water features. Based on its scale and the administrative societal structures of the Pyu period, the city would have been built by a monarch, rather than a feudal lord. Its absence in the Bagan Kingdom's fourth period records also indicates that the city likely fell into ruin well before the 11th century AD. However, more evidence and investigation is required to analyze the ancient artifacts found in the site. Finds from another site nearby include paleolithic tools and fossilized footprints, indicate that the overall area may be older than other Pyu sites.
Smaller Settlements
The New History of the Tang states the kingdom of Mi-ch'en sent an embassy to China in 805, and was attacked by Nanchao in 835.
Many Pyu settlements have been found across Upper Burma in Myinmu Township, near the mouth of the Mu river. One notable site is Ayadawkye Ywa in the Mu valley west of Halin lies south of another recently discovered Bronze Age site called Nyaunggan. Further south in Myingyan Township, west of Maingmaw, the Wati site (also spelled Wa Tee) is the remnants of a circular walled city.
There were also Pyu settlements in Lower Burma that may have been ignored or overlooked by the historical records aimed at legitimizing Upper Burmese kings' lineage. The Sagara (Thagara) site in Dawei is one such site comparable to Tagaung. Archaeological excavations in 2001 revealed several artifacts including terracotta urns in rice fields southeast of the walled site. Near Sagara, the site of Mokti has also revealed similar artifacts. The stupa in Sagara and votive tablets found at the site of Mokti are considered to have many 'Pyu' cultural traits but other artifacts show evidence of many cultural influences.
Agriculture
The economy of the Pyu city states was based on agriculture and trade. All important Pyu settlements were located in the three main irrigated regions of Upper Burma, centred on the confluence of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin rivers: Halin in the Mu valley, Maingmaw and Binnaka in the Kyaukse plains, finally Beikthano and Sri Ksetra at or near the Minbu district. (The irrigation projects of the Pyu were later picked up by the Burmans. King Anawrahta of Pagan would build irrigation projects in these three regions in the 1050s to turn them into the main rice granaries of Upper Burma. They would give Upper Burma an enduring economic base from which to dominate the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery in the following centuries. ) The Pyu grew rice, perhaps of the Japonica variety.
Trade
The Pyu realm was an important trading centre between China and India in the first millennium CE. Two main trading routes passed through the Pyu states. As early as 128 BCE, an overland trade route between China and India existed across the northern Burma. An embassy from the Roman Empire to China passed through this route in 97 CE and again in 120 CE. But the majority of the trade was conducted by sea through the southern Pyu states, which at the time were located not far from the sea as much of the Irrawaddy delta had not yet been formed, and as far south as upper Tenasserim coast towns such as Winga, Hsindat-Myindat, Sanpannagon and Mudon where Pyu artefacts have been found. (It is insufficient to conclude however that the Pyu had administrative and military control over these upper Tenasserim coastal towns.) The ports connected the overland trade route to China via present-day Yunnan.
The trading area of the Pyu states spanned across the present-day Southeast Asia, South Asia and China. Artifacts from the 2nd century northwest India to Java and the Philippines have been found at Beikthano. Likewise, Pyu artefacts have been found along the coasts of Arakan, Lower Burma, and as far east as Óc Eo (in present-day southern Vietnam). The Pyu also conducted trade and diplomatic relations with China. In 800 and 801–802, Sri Ksetra sent a formal embassy, along with 35 musicians to the Tang court. According to the Chinese, the Pyu used gold and silver coinage. But only silver coins have survived.
Currency
A notable feature of the Pyu states is the minting and use of silver coinage. Originated in the Pegu area, these coins date from the 5th century and were the model for most first millennium coinage in mainland Southeast Asia. The earliest type of these coins is not inscribed and depicts a conch on one side and a Srivatsa on the other. Many of the coins had a small hole along the perimeter, and may have also been used as amulets. Remarkably, after the use of coins ceased at the end of Pyu period in the late 9th century, coins did not reappear in the Burmese kingdoms until the 19th century.
Religion
The culture of Pyu city states was heavily influenced by India. Indian culture was most visible in the southern Pyu realm through which most trade with India was conducted by sea. The names of southernmost cities were in Pali or Sanskrit derived like Sri Ksetra (Thaye Khittaya) and Vishnu (Beikthano). The kings at Sri Ksetra titled themselves as Varmans and Varma. It was not just a southern phenomenon. To varying degrees, northern Pyu cities and towns also became under the sway of Indian culture. The Burmese chronicles claim that the founding kings of Tagaung were descended from no less than the Sakya clan of the Buddha himself.
By the 4th century, most of the Pyu had become predominantly Buddhist, though archaeological finds prove that their pre-Buddhist practices remained firmly entrenched in the following centuries. According to the excavated texts, as well as the Chinese records, the predominant religion of the Pyu was Theravada Buddhism. The Theravada school prevalent in the Pyu realm was probably derived from the Andhra region in southeast India, associated with the famous Theravada Buddhist scholar, Buddhagosa. It was the predominant Theravada school in Burma until the late 12th century when Shin Uttarajiva led the realignment with Ceylon's Mahavihara school.
The archaeological finds also indicate a widespread presence of Tantric Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism. Avalokiteśvara (Lokanatha) (called Lawkanat in Burmese; MY လောကနတ် ), Tara, Manusi Buddhas, Vaiśravaṇa, and Hayagriva, all prominent in Mahayana Buddhism, were very much part of Pyu (and later the Pagan) iconography scene. Various Hindu Brahman iconography ranging from the Hindu trinity, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, to Garuda and Lakshmi have been found, especially in Lower Burma.
Non-Theravada practices such as ceremonial cattle sacrifice and alcohol consumption were main stays of the Pyu life. Likewise, the greater prominence of nuns and female students than in the later eras may point to pre-Buddhist notions of female autonomy. In melding of their pre-Buddhist practices to Buddhist ones, they placed the remains of their cremated dead in pottery and stone urns and buried them in or near isolated stupas, a practice consistent with early Buddhist practices of interring the remains of holy personages in stupas.
Though their religious beliefs was a syncretic mix of many backgrounds, probably like in the early Pagan period, the outlook of the Pyu reportedly was largely peaceful. Tang Chinese records describe the Pyu as a humane and peaceful people to whom war was virtually unknown and who wore silk cotton instead of actually silk so that they would not have to kill silk worms, and that many Pyu boys entered the monastic life at seven to the age of 20. To be sure, this peaceful description by the Chinese was a snapshot of the Pyu realm, and may not represent the life in the city-states in general.
Language and script
The Pyu language was a Tibeto-Burman language, related to Old Burmese. But it apparently co-existed with Sanskrit and Pali as the court language. The Chinese records state that the 35 musicians that accompanied the Pyu embassy to the Tang court in 800–802 played music and sang in the Fan (Sanskrit) language. Many of the important inscriptions were written in Sanskrit and/or Pali, alongside the Pyu script. Recent scholarship, though yet not settled, suggests that the Pyu script, based on the Brahmi script, may have been the source of the Burmese script used to write the Burmese language. The Pyu sites have yielded a wide variety of Indian scripts from King Ashoka's edicts written in north Indian Brahmi and Tamil Brahmi, both dated to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, to the Gupta script and Kannada script dated to the 4th to 6th centuries CE.
Calendar
In addition to religion, the Pyu also imported science and astronomical expertise from India. The Chinese records also report that the Pyu knew how to make astronomical calculations. The Pyu calendar was based on the Buddhist calendar. There were two eras in use. The first was the Sakra Era, which was adopted in the Pyu realm in 80 CE, just two years after the new era had come into use in India. A second calendar was adopted at Sri Ksetra in 638, superseding the Sakra Era. The calendar, the first day of which was 22 March 638, later became the Burmese calendar, and is still in use in present-day Myanmar. (The existence of two Pyu calendars has been cause for dispute among scholars trying interpret the dates on the finds.)
Irrigation structures
The Pyu-era architectural practices greatly influenced later Pagan and Burmese architecture. The techniques of building dams, canals and weirs found in pre-colonial Upper Burma trace their origins to the Pyu era and the Pagan era. (Burmans likely introduced new water management methods, especially the canal building techniques which became the prevailing method of irrigation in the Pagan era.)
City planning
The Pyu city plans, consisted of square/rectangles and circles, were a mix of indigenous and Indian designs. It is believed that circular patterns inside the cities were Pyu while the rectangle or square shape of the outer walls and the use of 12 gates were Indian in origin. According to historian Cooler, "the adoption of Indian concepts of city planning incorporated a belief in the efficacy of the world axis that connects the centermost point in a properly constructed Mandala city with the city of the Gods above (Tavatimsa heaven) in order to assure prosperity throughout the kingdom below". Pyu-era city practices were the forefathers of the latter-day Burmese city and palace designs down to the 19th century Mandalay.
Temple design
From the 4th century onward, the Pyu built many Buddhist stupas and other religious buildings. The styles, ground plans, even the brick size and construction techniques of these buildings point to the Andhra region, particularly Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda in present-day southeastern India. Some evidence of Ceylonese contact is seen by the presence of Anuradhapura style "moonstones" discovered at Beikthano and Halin. By perhaps the 7th century, tall cylindrical stupas such as the Bawbawgyi, Payagyi and Payama had emerged at Sri Ksetra.
The Pyu architecture greatly influenced later Burmese Buddhist temple designs. For example, temples at Sri Ksetra such as the Bebe and Lemyethna were prototypes for the later hollow (gu) temples of Pagan. The floor plan of the 13th century Somingyi Monastery at Pagan was largely identical to that of a 4th-century monastery at Beikthano. The solid stupas of Sri Ksetra were in turn prototypes for Pagan's such as the Shwezigon, Shwehsandaw, and Mingalazedi, and ultimately, the Shwedagon in modern Yangon.
Demography
The city-states were mainly populated by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people, who like their cousins Burmans are believed to have migrated from the present Qinghai and Gansu provinces in north-central China, via Yunnan. Extensive external trade attracted sizeable communities of Indians and the Mon, especially in the south. In the north, trickles of Burmans may have entered the Pyu realm from Yunnan as early as the 7th century. (Modern scholarship however holds that Burmans did not arrive in large numbers until the mid-to-late 9th century, and perhaps as late as the 10th century, according to radiocarbon dating of Pagan's walls.)
The size of population of the Pyu realm was probably a few hundred thousand, given that the 17th and 18th century Burma (about the size of present-day Myanmar) only had about 2 million people.
Administration
The Pyu settlements were ruled by independent chiefs. The chiefs at larger city-states later styled themselves as kings, and established courts largely modelled after the Indian (Hindu) concepts of monarchy. Not all Hindu concepts such as divine kingship were fully adopted due to the presence of Theravada Buddhism. It is not clear if a vassalage-overlord relationship existed between the larger city-states and smaller towns. The Burmese chronicles mention alliances between the states such as one between Beikthano and Sri Ksetra. By and large, each Pyu city-state appeared to have controlled just the city itself.
The large size of the Pyu cities (660 to 1400 hectares) vis-a-vis Pagan (only 140 hectares) suggests that much of the population resided within the walls, as corroborated by the Chinese records. Archaeology in Pagan produced Pyu artefacts across a number of the settlements in the enclosed complex dating to the first millennium, until approximately 1100 C.E. when a shift to a monument-rich state and diffusion beyond walled boundaries is evident.
Current status of the finds
Aside from Sri Ksetra and Beikthano, the rest of the Pyu sites have not been extensively excavated. The care of the sites falls under the purview of the Ministry of Culture's Department of Archaeology. In November 2011, the Department reportedly was planning a museum at Sri Ksetra, and working with the UNESCO to gain recognition for Sri Ksetra, Beikthano and Halin as World Heritage Sites and the three old cities were recognised as World Heritage Sites in 2014. | WIKI |
Novafrontina
Novafrontina is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Alfred Frank Millidge in 1991.
Species
it contains three species:
* Novafrontina bipunctata (Keyserling, 1886) (type) – Ecuador, Peru
* Novafrontina patens Millidge, 1991 – Colombia
* Novafrontina uncata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) – Mexico to Brazil | WIKI |
Base FX
Base FX is a visual effects and animation company with production studios in Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Wuxi and Xiamen, and an office in Los Angeles. The company was founded in 2006 and has completed more than 150 films.
Base FX specializes in high-end creature and character animation, fluid and dynamic effects, and photo-real 3D matte painting and set extensions, providing services to Hollywood film companies, producers and top directors in China.
History
Base FX was founded in 2006 by Chris Bremble and a team of 12 artists and CG instructors who had previously worked on one of Bremble's films, the 2005 picture Deep Rescue. The company quickly began to grow, securing clients in China and Hollywood, and building a talented team of artists.
In 2010, Christopher Bremble was awarded an Emmy for Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Movie or Mini-Series for the company's work on HBO's epic war saga The Pacific. The company was awarded its second Emmy in 2011 for its work on HBO's Boardwalk Empire, an American period crime drama television series, and a third one in 2014 for its work on Starz's pirate adventure series "Black Sails".
In May, 2012, Base signed a Strategic Alliance Agreement with Lucasfilm and Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). At the Beijing Film Festival on April 18, 2013, the two companies signed an expanded co-operation deal that secures the exclusive use of the Beijing-based studio’s services for all ILM’s Hollywood films.
In 2012, Base stationed in the industrial park in Wuxi, China, and will work on animation films for clients.
In 2014, Base opened its third production studio in Xiamen, China, to make visual effects for Hollywood films.
On December 29, 2014, Base FX signed strategic cooperation agreements with China Fortune Land Development Co., Ltd. (CFLD) and will tenant in Dachang Film and Media Industrial Park to build a high-end VFX training base. As of 2014, Base FX has finished 120 projects with more than 10,000 visual effects shots.
On 20 April 2015, Base FX jointly founded China Post Production Alliance (CPPA) at the 5th Beijing International Film Festival to promote and enhance the development of visual effects in China.
In August 2018, Base FX's production arm Base Pictures, working with Meridian Entertainment, began production on the action disaster film Skyfire. Directed by Simon West, the film stars Hannah Quinlivan, Wang Xueqi, and Shawn Dou and is scheduled to be released on December 12, 2019. It is produced by Chris Bremble, Jennifer Dong, and Jib Polhemus.
Base FX's very first overseas production facility was set to open in mid-June of 2018 in Bangsar South complex in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The full-service studio will be staffed by over 200 staff.
In 2022, the company accused two men, Kevin Robl and Remington Chase, of defrauding the company and its investors out of $234 million over the course of several years. | WIKI |
Yacuiba
Yacuiba is a city in southern Bolivia and the capital city of Gran Chaco Province in the Tarija Department. It lies three kilometers from the Argentine border. It has a population of approximately 80,000 and lies 620 to(-) above sea level. Yacuiba is one of the cities of fast growth population in Bolivia due to the commerce and boom in hydrocarbon exploitation. It was part of Salta Province of Argentina until its cession to Bolivia in 1900.
Due to its position on the frontier, Yacuiba is a major center of commerce. Across the border lies Salvador Mazza, with which it forms a conurbation.
The town has direct connections by road with both Tarija and Santa Cruz. It also has an international airport (BYC). Although, Yacuiba has still a low population it managed to obtain one football team in the Bolivian professional league, Petrolero.
Climate
Yacuiba has a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), a result of its slightly cooler temperatures when compared to surrounding regions because of its modest elevation and the monsoonal effects of the surrounding area.
Etymology
The city's name is derived from the Guaraní yaku-iba, meaning roughly "fowls' watering hole" | WIKI |
User:Jakemd/Regan-Lowe agar
Regan-Lowe agar is a special culture medium that is used to isolate Bordatella pertusis from tissue samples or specimens. Bordet-Gengou agar is also used to isolate Bordatella spp when they are suspected. | WIKI |
Inicio Libros eLibros Revistas Referencias y Libros de Ponencias Autores, Editores, Críticos Índice de Productos de la A a la Z Premios
Interfacial Phenomena and Heat Transfer
ESCI SJR: 0.146
ISSN Imprimir: 2169-2785
ISSN En Línea: 2167-857X
Open Access
Interfacial Phenomena and Heat Transfer
Objetivos y Alcance
Interfacial Phenomena and Heat Transfer aims to serve as a forum to advance understanding of fundamental and applied areas on interfacial phenomena, fluid flow, and heat transfer through interdisciplinary research. The special feature of the Journal is to highlight multi-scale phenomena involved in physical and/or chemical behaviors in the context of both classical and new unsolved problems of thermal physics, fluid mechanics, and interfacial phenomena. This goal is fulfilled by publishing novel research on experimental, theoretical and computational methods, assigning priority to comprehensive works covering at least two of the above three approaches. The scope of the Journal covers interdisciplinary areas of physics of fluids, heat and mass transfer, physical chemistry and engineering in macro-, meso-, micro-, and nano-scale. As such review papers, full-length articles and short communications are sought on the following areas: intense heat and mass transfer systems; flows in channels and complex fluid systems; physics of contact line, wetting and thermocapillary flows; instabilities and flow patterns; two-phase systems behavior including films, drops, rivulets, spray, jets, and bubbles; phase change phenomena such as boiling, evaporation, condensation and solidification; multi-scaled textured, soft or heterogeneous surfaces; and gravity dependent phenomena, e.g. processes in micro- and hyper-gravity. The Journal may also consider significant contributions related to the development of innovative experimental techniques, and instrumentation demonstrating advancement of science in the focus areas of this journal. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Leon Muerto
Leon Muerto is a 4799 m high volcano in Chile.
The Central Chilean Andes have an arid climate since the Miocene. Thus, a number of volcanic centres going back as far as 25 million years are well preserved. Geologically, this area belongs to the Central Volcanic Zone, a volcanic belt in the Andes, whose magmas are heavily influenced by the thick crust of the area.
Leon Muerto is a deeply eroded volcano with a radial symmetric structure on the border between Argentina and Chile. It covers a surface of 80 km2. It was formed between 25 and 17 million years ago and has a volume of 19 km3. The crust beneath Leon Muerto has an average thickness of 60 km. Better dates obtained on Leon Muerto by potassium-argon dating indicate an age of 19,900,000 ± 800,000 years ago. It is among the oldest centres in the area and parts of its subvolcanic structure are exposed.
Erosion has exposed much of the structure of Leon Muerto. It includes lava flows 2 - 3 km long, lapilli and tephra. Most of the rocks are basaltic andesite, dacite is also present in the central parts of the volcano and aluminum-rich basalt has also been found. Some lava flows contain olivine. The magmas that formed the volcano are partially evolved magmas, with their formation influenced by the crust. These lavas are considered to be backarc lavas and resemble these of volcanoes farther south.
A number of ignimbrites are found in the territory, one of them named Leon Muerto is found southwest of the volcano. This ignimbrite is 5 million years old. | WIKI |
addKernelDensity {cholera}R Documentation
Add 2D kernel density contours.
Description
Add 2D kernel density contours based on selected sets of observations.
Usage
addKernelDensity(pump.subset = "pooled", pump.select = NULL,
neighborhood.type = "walking", data = "unstacked", bandwidth = 0.5,
color = "black", line.type = "solid", multi.core = TRUE)
Arguments
pump.subset
Character or Numeric: "pooled", "individual", or numeric vector. "pooled" treats all observations as a single set. "individual" is a shortcut for all individual pump neighborhoods. Use of vector of numeric pump IDs to subset from the neighborhoods defined by pump.select. Negative selection possible. NULL selects all pumps in pump.select.
pump.select
Numeric. Vector of numeric pump IDs to define pump neighborhoods (i.e., the "population"). Negative selection possible. NULL selects all pumps.
neighborhood.type
Character. "voronoi" or "walking"
data
Character. Unit of observation: "unstacked" uses fatalities.unstacked; "address" uses fatalities.address; "fatality" uses fatalities.
bandwidth
Numeric. Bandwidth for kernel density estimation.
color
Character. Color of contour lines.
line.type
Character. Line type for contour lines.
multi.core
Logical or Numeric. TRUE uses parallel::detectCores(). FALSE uses one, single core. You can also specify the number logical cores. See vignette("Parallelization") for details.
Value
Add contours to a graphics plot.
Note
This function uses KernSmooth::bkde2D().
Examples
## Not run:
snowMap()
addKernelDensity()
snowMap()
addKernelDensity("individual")
snowMap()
addKernelDensity(c(6, 8))
snowMap()
addKernelDensity(pump.select = c(6, 8))
## End(Not run)
[Package cholera version 0.8.0 Index] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Document Type
Article
Rights
This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
Disciplines
Electrical and electronic engineering
Abstract
Two homologue achiral bent-core liquid crystals (LCs), BCN66 and BCN84, in their nematic phases are studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range 10 Hz–10 MHz. In each of these compounds, two relaxation processes are identified and assigned to (i) collective dynamics of molecules in nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters and (ii) individual molecular relaxations, in the ascending order of frequency of the probe field. The temperature and the bias electric field dependence of the dielectric strength and relaxation frequency for these processes are shown to give rise to sharpness in cluster boundaries, increased size and volume fraction in the LC nematic phase. The effect of the bias field on the LC cell is similar to reducing its temperature; both variables increase the cluster size and volume fraction and give rise to sharp cluster boundaries. The findings confirm that dielectric spectroscopy is a powerful and an extremely useful technique to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of cybotactic cluster formation in the isotropic liquid and the nematic phase of LCs as a function of temperature and the bias field.
DOI
10.3762/bjnano.9.121
Share
COinS
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Vomi~enwiki/Pierre Coupet
Pierre M. Coupet is the founder of Virtual Organization Management Institute and VOMI Virtual Organization Academy. | WIKI |
For Better Performance Please Use Chrome or Firefox Web Browser
Polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity involved in salt tolerance in wheat, Aegilops cylindrica and their amphidiploids
Front. Plant Sci., 25 March 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.646221
Plain language title
The role of phenolic compounds in plant tolerance to salt stress
What is it about?
The accumulation of phenolic compounds including flavonoids in wheat plants in response to salt stress was investigated.
Why is it important?
1- This paper presents one of the first comprehensive analyses of the polyphenols' antioxidant and protective salt stress-induced oxidative stress in plants.
2- The vigorous antioxidant activity and robust accumulation of phenolic compounds in the leaves of tolerant genotypes would imply greater sophistication in genetic diversity for the evolvement of defense-oriented strategies to prevent the accumulation of intracellular free radicals generated under salt stress in plants.
Perspectives
The accumulation of phenolic compounds including flavonoids in wheat plants in response to salt stress coincides with a dual protective effect as an antioxidant against oxidative damage induced by the stress, and subsequently as the health-promoting compounds of edible plants.
Journal Papers
Month/Season:
March
Year:
2021
تحت نظارت وف ایرانی | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:CTRL0000034600 - Transcribed Interview of Richard Peter Donoghue, (Oct. 1, 2021).pdf/146
146 anticipation that there would be not that type of violence. Is that fair to say?
Yes, that's right. That was some relief to hear that it would be essentially be a one-sided protest, because it lessens the potential for violence.
In hindsight, do you believe that played out to be accurate?
Generally, yes. Because, as difficult and as ugly as January 6th was at the Capitol, we didn't have people getting murdered all over D.C. on that day. And, again, if you look at what happened in Portland, the assailant there simply walked up to that individual and shot him point-blank for no reason other than he had a political difference with him.
Now, it also states that "MS," meaning Michael Sherwin—that's your notes—"will send email updates on Friday describing details, and planning on sending daily emails."
How involved was Michael Sherwin in the preparation for January 6th?
He was very involved. He ran the D.C. U.S. Attorney's Office. They work in close conjunction with the Metro PD, Capitol Police, and other law enforcement agencies that are specific to D.C. Every arrest that's made in D.C. ultimately gets processed through his office, so they had a good working relationship.
If there were arrests that arose from this, as we knew there may well be, they would've been processed through his office. He had AUSAs sitting at the various command posts.
And so, yes, he was very much involved in this. And the DAG and I both were relying, to some extent, on what he was reporting to us about what to expect.
After this meeting, what steps, if any, did you and Mr. Rosen take in terms of preparing DOJ's components for January 6th?
So, around this time, the Acting AG decided that, even though we'd not | WIKI |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Discrimination/Article alerts/Archive 1
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* 30 Aug 2019 – Upsilon Sigma Phi leaks scandal AfDed by Premeditated Chaos was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Upsilon_Sigma_Phi_leaks_scandal delete] by Kudpung on 15 Sep 2019; discussion
* 29 Aug 2019 – The Base (platform) AfDed by Meeanaya was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Base_(platform) delete] by Barkeep49 on 21 Sep 2019; discussion
* 19 Sep 2019 – Folx (term) AfDed by Crossroads1 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Folx_(term) delete] by RoySmith on 05 Oct 2019; discussion
* 25 Oct 2019 – Anti-Bihari sentiment AfDed by YaRaabAlHind was closed as keep by Britishfinance on 08 Nov 2019; discussion
* 25 Oct 2019 – Price of milk question AfDed by Gaioa was closed as keep by OxonAlex on 09 Nov 2019; discussion
* 05 Nov 2019 – LGBT-free zone AfDed by FxJ was closed as keep by Tone on 12 Nov 2019; discussion
* 22 Oct 2019 – Washington Redhawks AfDed by WriterArtistDC was closed as no consensus by Serial Number 54129 on 14 Nov 2019; discussion
* 24 Nov 2019 – About the Civilization of Death AfDed by Piotrus was closed as keep by Sandstein on 01 Dec 2019; discussion
* 26 Dec 2019 – Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party AfDed by Pudeo was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 02 Jan 2020; discussion
* 06 Jan 2020 – The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City AfDed by Ergo Sum was closed as keep by RL0919 on 13 Jan 2020; discussion
* 10 Jan 2020 – The Base (hate group) AfDed by Bitter Oil was closed as keep by Missvain on 16 Jan 2020; discussion
* 01 Feb 2020 – Ethnocide of Uyghurs AfDed by Mariogoods was closed as keep by Sandstein on 08 Feb 2020; discussion
* 08 Mar 2020 – Black Protest AfDed by Rich Farmbrough was closed as draftify ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Black_Protest deleted]) by Buidhe on 24 Mar 2020; discussion
* 18 Mar 2020 – Subjugation AfDed by Mccapra was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Subjugation delete] by JHunterJ on 25 Mar 2020; discussion
* 20 Mar 2020 – Chinese virus AfDed by Njzjz was closed as keep by JHunterJ on 27 Mar 2020; discussion
* 26 Mar 2020 – Tyler Bingham AfDed by Namiba was closed as redirect by MelanieN on 03 Apr 2020; discussion
* 28 Mar 2020 – Fifth-wave feminism in Ibero-America AfDed by MarioGom was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Fifth-wave_feminism_in_Ibero-America delete] by Barkeep49 on 13 Apr 2020; discussion
* 31 Mar 2020 – United Macedonians Organization AfDed by Jamesrichards12345 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=United_Macedonians_Organization delete] by Barkeep49 on 15 Apr 2020; discussion
* 13 Apr 2020 – Social stigma associated with COVID-19 AfDed by Natureium was closed as keep by Buidhe on 20 Apr 2020; discussion
* 13 Apr 2020 – Gendered impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic AfDed by Natureium was closed as keep by Buidhe on 20 Apr 2020; discussion
* 21 Apr 2020 – Anti-Muslim reactions to the Coronavirus Pandemic in India AfDed by Tessaracter was closed as delete by Spartaz on 30 Apr 2020; discussion
* 24 Apr 2020 – China flu AfDed by PenulisHantu was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=China_flu delete] by JHunterJ on 03 May 2020; discussion
* 29 Apr 2020 – Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India AfDed by Tessaracter was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India delete] by Sandstein on 06 May 2020; discussion
* 07 May 2020 – Committee to Ratify the Massachusetts State Equal Rights Amendment AfDed by Rogermx was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Committee_to_Ratify_the_Massachusetts_State_Equal_Rights_Amendment delete] by Barkeep49 on 15 May 2020; discussion
* 12 May 2020 – Breast Tax AfDed by Wareon was closed as keep by Bibliomaniac15 on 21 May 2020; discussion
* 31 May 2020 – George Floyd AfDed by Bait30 was closed by JHunterJ on 31 May 2020; discussion
* 30 May 2020 – Racial views of Winston Churchill AfDed by No Great Shaker was closed as keep by Sandstein on 06 Jun 2020; discussion
* 03 Jun 2020 – Black Identity Extremists AfDed by Shameran81 was closed as keep by Juliette Han on 10 Jun 2020; discussion
* 03 Jun 2020 – Ghetto riots AfDed by Coffeespoons was closed as keep by Captain Galaxy on 18 Jun 2020; discussion
* 13 Jun 2020 – Miss Adventure AfDed by Joel B. Lewis was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Miss_Adventure delete] by Sandstein on 20 Jun 2020; discussion
* 03 Jun 2020 – Ghetto riots AfDed by Coffeespoons was closed as keep by Captain Galaxy on 18 Jun 2020; discussion
* 17 Jun 2020 – United Macedonian Diaspora AfDed by Jamesrichards12345 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=United_Macedonian_Diaspora delete] by Spinningspark on 05 Jul 2020; discussion
* 16 Jun 2020 – Tyree Scott Freedom School AfDed by Premeditated Chaos was closed as no consensus by King of Hearts on 08 Jul 2020; discussion
* 12 Jul 2020 – List of slave owners AfDed by Brianyoumans was closed as keep by Britishfinance on 19 Jul 2020; discussion
* 17 Jul 2020 – Racial views of Joe Biden AfDed by MrX was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Racial_views_of_Joe_Biden delete] by Tone on 24 Jul 2020; discussion
* 28 Jul 2020 – Australian Aboriginal identity AfDed by Hemiauchenia was closed as keep by Canley on 02 Aug 2020; discussion
* 16 Aug 2020 – On Genetic Interests AfDed by ජපස was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=On_Genetic_Interests delete] by Eddie891 on 24 Aug 2020; discussion
* 22 Aug 2020 – African American Defense League AfDed by Love of Corey was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=African_American_Defense_League delete] by Eddie891 on 29 Aug 2020; discussion
* 27 Aug 2020 – Mittir Masi AfDed by আফতাবুজ্জামান was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mittir_Masi delete] by Fences and windows on 29 Aug 2020; discussion
* 30 Aug 2020 – Sexual racism AfDed by SmokeyJoe was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 07 Sep 2020; discussion
* 03 Sep 2020 – America's Original Sin AfDed by UW Dawgs was closed as keep by Eddie891 on 10 Sep 2020; discussion
* 05 Sep 2020 – Fred Pincus AfDed by Paisarepa was closed as keep by Tone on 12 Sep 2020; discussion
* 30 Aug 2020 – Antisemitic boycotts AfDed by ImTheIP was closed as keep by Tone on 14 Sep 2020; discussion
* 09 Sep 2020 – RUN Ministries AfDed by Laterthanyouthink was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=RUN_Ministries delete] by Sandstein on 18 Sep 2020; discussion
* 27 Aug 2020 – Berber separatism in North Africa AfDed by TheseusHeLl was closed as draftify ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Berber_separatism_in_North_Africa deleted]) by Eddie891 on 24 Sep 2020; discussion
* 19 Sep 2020 – Ayuko Babu AfDed by Timtrent was closed as redirect by Girth Summit on 26 Sep 2020; discussion
* 23 Sep 2020 – Stepanakert pogrom AfDed by GevHev4 was closed as keep by Bait30 on 30 Sep 2020; discussion
* 30 Aug 2020 – Jessica Yaniv AfDed by Black Kite was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 01 Oct 2020; discussion
* 30 Sep 2020 – 1947–1948 Rajouri massacre AfDed by Kautilya3 was closed as keep by Kautilya3 on 01 Oct 2020; discussion
* 27 Sep 2020 – Sectarianism in the Ottoman Empire AfDed by Mccapra was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sectarianism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire delete] by TheSandDoctor on 05 Oct 2020; discussion
* 06 Sep 2020 – Dealbanisation AfDed by Amanuensis Balkanicus was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 11 Oct 2020; discussion
* 06 Nov 2020 – Cleanup after George Floyd protests AfDed by Songwaters was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Cleanup_after_George_Floyd_protests delete] by Geschichte on 13 Nov 2020; discussion
* 30 Oct 2020 – Stereotypes of Africa AfDed by Jeppiz was closed as keep by Arbitrarily0 on 14 Nov 2020; discussion
* 30 Oct 2020 – Stereotypes of Africa AfDed by Jeppiz was closed as keep by Arbitrarily0 on 14 Nov 2020; discussion
* 22 Aug 2020 – African American Defense League AfDed by Love of Corey was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=African_American_Defense_League delete] by Eddie891 on 29 Aug 2020; discussion
* 27 Aug 2020 – Mittir Masi AfDed by আফতাবুজ্জামান was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mittir_Masi delete] by Fences and windows on 29 Aug 2020; discussion
* 30 Aug 2020 – Sexual racism AfDed by SmokeyJoe was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 07 Sep 2020; discussion
* 22 Nov 2020 – DeafTalent AfDed by Alexandermcnabb was closed as keep by Missvain on 07 Dec 2020; discussion
* 30 Nov 2020 – Derek Black Show AfDed by Natg 19 was closed as move by Buidhe on 07 Dec 2020; discussion
* 28 Nov 2020 – Swish (organization) AfDed by Mccapra was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swish_(organization) delete] by Northamerica1000 on 12 Dec 2020; discussion
* 02 Dec 2020 – Narda E. Alcorn AfDed by Missvain was closed as no consensus by JGHowes on 17 Dec 2020; discussion
* 20 Dec 2020 – Gugark pogrom AfDed by Steverci was closed as delete by Barkeep49 on 30 Dec 2020; discussion
* 22 Dec 2020 – Rape and pregnancy statement controversies in the 2012 United States elections AfDed by DoomLexus was closed as keep by Eddie891 on 29 Dec 2020; discussion
* 13 Jan 2021 – List of LGBT-related slurs AfDed by Elliot321 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=List_of_LGBT-related_slurs delete] by Geschichte on 20 Jan 2021; discussion
* 24 Jan 2021 – 2020–2021 United States racial unrest AfDed by Vowvo was closed as keep by Starship.paint on 28 Jan 2021; discussion
* 28 Jan 2021 – Rosemarie Allen AfDed by Setreis was closed as keep by Eddie891 on 04 Feb 2021; discussion
* 16 Feb 2021 – Genocide of Kashmiri Shias AfDed by Amkgp was closed as keep by Amkgp on 18 Feb 2021; discussion
* 13 Feb 2021 – Agdaban massacre AfDed by Steverci was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agdaban_massacre delete] by Stifle on 11 Mar 2021; discussion
* 23 Feb 2021 – Stereotypes of French people AfDed by Kistaro windrider was closed as keep by Arbitrarily0 on 11 Mar 2021; discussion
* 05 Mar 2021 – About the Civilization of Death AfDed by GizzyCatBella was closed as redirect by EN-Jungwon on 13 Mar 2021; discussion
* 05 Mar 2021 – Gayphobia AfDed by Lithopsian was closed as move by Sandstein on 13 Mar 2021; discussion
* 06 Mar 2021 – Gara massacre AfDed by Levivich was closed as delete by Spartaz on 15 Mar 2021; discussion
* 13 Mar 2021 – Amira Charfeddine AfDed by Timtrent was closed as keep by MarkH21 on 21 Mar 2021; discussion
* 23 Mar 2021 – Super straight AfDed by Trystan was closed by Hammersoft on 30 Mar 2021; discussion
* 07 Mar 2021 – New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship (conference) AfDed by GizzyCatBella was closed as no consensus by Ymblanter on 22 Apr 2021; discussion
* 18 Apr 2021 – Hollywood Indian AfDed by Eldomtom2 was closed as merge by Premeditated Chaos on 26 Apr 2021; discussion
* 03 May 2021 – Gugark pogrom AfDed by Fractuallity was closed as keep by Eggishorn on 14 May 2021; discussion
* 11 May 2021 – Environmental racism in Europe AfDed by Ffaffff was closed as keep by Run n Fly on 18 May 2021; discussion
* 12 May 2021 – Xinjiang Victims Database AfDed by Mathmitch7 was closed as keep by Superastig on 19 May 2021; discussion
* 06 May 2021 – Maya Forstater AfDed by Mccapra was closed as no consensus by Go Phightins! on 30 May 2021; discussion
* 29 May 2021 – Israel and Islamophobia AfDed by Zeex.rice was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Israel_and_Islamophobia delete] by Sandstein on 06 Jun 2021; discussion
* 02 Jun 2021 – Suhail Akbar AfDed by Dronebogus was closed as merge by Explicit on 09 Jun 2021; discussion
* 02 Jun 2021 – Dago dazzler AfDed by Piotrus was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dago_dazzler delete] by Explicit on 17 Jun 2021; discussion
* 28 Aug 2021 – 2020 Trinidad protests AfDed by Love of Corey was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=2020_Trinidad_protests delete] by Explicit on 04 Sep 2021; discussion
* 23 Aug 2021 – Persecution of Kurds AfDed by Paradise Chronicle was closed as keep by Curbon7 on 07 Sep 2021; discussion
* 25 Aug 2021 – Canadophile AfDed by CycloneYoris was closed as keep by Curbon7 on 10 Sep 2021; discussion
* 09 Sep 2021 – Stereotypes of Lebanese people AfDed by Geschichte was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Stereotypes_of_Lebanese_people delete] by Explicit on 16 Sep 2021; discussion
* 09 Sep 2021 – Stereotypes of animals AfDed by Geschichte was closed as keep by Extraordinary Writ on 16 Sep 2021; discussion
* 10 Sep 2021 – Stereotypes of Germans AfDed by Shushugah was closed as keep by Malcolmxl5 on 25 Sep 2021; discussion
* 09 Sep 2021 – Anti-Canadian sentiment AfDed by Rsjaffe was closed as no consensus by Ritchie333 on 28 Sep 2021; discussion
* 25 Sep 2021 – County State-Aid Highway 21 (Polk County, Minnesota) AfDed by Imzadi1979 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=County_State-Aid_Highway_21_(Polk_County%2c_Minnesota) delete] by Explicit on 03 Oct 2021; discussion
* 18 Oct 2021 – List of damaged Islamic and Azerbaijani sites during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict AfDed by Armatura was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 03 Nov 2021; discussion
* 03 Dec 2021 – Libera Chat AfDed by RingtailedFox was closed as keep by Geschichte on 10 Dec 2021; discussion
* 13 Dec 2021 – Black Women Radicals AfDed by Wizzito was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Black_Women_Radicals delete] by Ymblanter on 20 Dec 2021; discussion
* 20 Dec 2021 – Homosexual Trials of Frankfurt AfDed by Asilvering was closed as keep by Superastig on 27 Dec 2021; discussion
* 04 Jan 2022 – Race-reversed casting AfDed by AlexEng was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 12 Jan 2022; discussion
* 09 Jan 2022 – Professional and working class conflict in the United States AfDed by Czar was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Professional_and_working_class_conflict_in_the_United_States delete] by RL0919 on 16 Jan 2022; discussion
* 21 Dec 2021 – Racial misrepresentation AfDed by Indigenous girl was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 16 Jan 2022; discussion
* 16 Jan 2022 – Ulas Hayes AfDed by Coffee was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ulas_Hayes delete] by Doczilla on 24 Jan 2022; discussion
* 03 Jan 2022 – Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment in Armenia AfDed by Armatura was closed as redirect by Ajpolino on 27 Jan 2022; discussion
* 05 Feb 2022 – Stereotypes of animals AfDed by Zxcvbnm was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Stereotypes_of_animals delete] by Liz on 12 Feb 2022; discussion
* 20 Jan 2022 – Persecution and attacks against Ex-Muslims in Kerala AfDed by Rubbish computer was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Persecution_and_attacks_against_Ex-Muslims_in_Kerala delete] by Scottywong on 14 Feb 2022; discussion
* 13 Feb 2022 – Yishai Schlissel AfDed by Mooonswimmer was closed as keep by Mojo Hand on 20 Feb 2022; discussion
* 28 Feb 2022 – Michael Woodley AfDed by ජපස was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Michael_Woodley delete] by Explicit on 07 Mar 2022; discussion
* 12 Mar 2022 – Greyball AfDed by Country20 was closed as merge by Explicit on 19 Mar 2022; discussion
* 28 Feb 2022 – Jerusalem Institute of Justice AfDed by Unbh was closed as no consensus by Star Mississippi on 22 Mar 2022; discussion
* 19 Mar 2022 – Diversity, equity, and inclusion AfDed by 力 was closed as keep by Explicit on 27 Mar 2022; discussion
* 13 Feb 2021 – Agdaban massacre AfDed by Steverci was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agdaban_massacre delete] by Stifle on 11 Mar 2021; discussion
* 16 Feb 2021 – Genocide of Kashmiri Shias AfDed by Amkgp was closed as keep by Amkgp on 18 Feb 2021; discussion
* 12 Apr 2022 – Jennifer Chrisler AfDed by Bearcat was closed by Bearcat on 14 Apr 2022; discussion
* 28 Mar 2022 – Hazel Erby AfDed by Bearcat was closed as keep by Nosebagbear on 19 Apr 2022; discussion
* 12 Apr 2022 – Reverse sexism AfDed by NotIranian was closed as keep by Explicit on 19 Apr 2022; discussion
* 19 Apr 2022 – Intersectional environmentalism AfDed by Mhawk10 was closed as draftify ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Intersectional_environmentalism deleted]) by Star Mississippi on 27 Apr 2022; discussion
* 19 Apr 2022 – Homelessness in the MBTA Subway Station AfDed by Robert McClenon was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Homelessness_in_the_MBTA_Subway_Station delete] by Explicit on 26 Apr 2022; discussion
* 20 Apr 2022 – Ukraine genocide AfDed by Mhawk10 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ukraine_genocide delete] by Star Mississippi on 28 Apr 2022; discussion
* 10 May 2022 – Anti-Brazilian sentiment AfDed by North8000 was closed as no consensus by Such-change47 on 01 Jun 2022; discussion
* 17 May 2022 – Discrimination based on hair texture AfDed by ProcrastinatingReader was closed as keep by Liz on 07 Jun 2022; discussion
* 03 Jun 2022 – Anti-Japaneseism AfDed by Hemanth Nalluri 11 was closed as keep by Goldsztajn on 10 Jun 2022; discussion
* 11 Jun 2022 – Ashley Gjøvik AfDed by Sebastien1118 was closed as keep by Tamzin on 14 Jun 2022; discussion
* 06 Jun 2022 – Antimeridianism AfDed by Rosguill was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Antimeridianism delete] by Liz on 16 Jun 2022; discussion
* 12 Jun 2022 – Historical roots of discrimination against non-Arab Muslims, especially Iranians in the early days of Islam AfDed by Alpha Piscis Austrini was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Historical_roots_of_discrimination_against_non-Arab_Muslims%2c_especially_Iranians_in_the_early_days_of_Islam delete] by Malcolmxl5 on 19 Jun 2022; discussion
* 29 Jun 2022 – Timothy Hale-Cusanelli AfDed by Curbon7 was closed as merge by Premeditated Chaos on 06 Jul 2022; discussion
* 05 Jul 2022 – Racial tension in the United States AfDed by Bruxton was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Racial_tension_in_the_United_States delete] by Liz on 12 Jul 2022; discussion
* 22 Jul 2022 – Ethan Ralph AfDed by Psiĥedelisto was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ethan_Ralph delete] by Malcolmxl5 on 29 Jul 2022; discussion
* 17 Aug 2022 – General category (reservation) AfDed by Robert McClenon was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=General_category_(reservation) delete] by Malcolmxl5 on 24 Aug 2022; discussion
* 01 Sep 2022 – Zionist antisemitism AfDed by Infinity Knight was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 08 Sep 2022; discussion
* 03 Nov 2022 – Make me a sandwich AfDed by Wpscatter was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Make_me_a_sandwich delete] by Liz on 10 Nov 2022; discussion
* 13 Nov 2022 – New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship AfDed by GizzyCatBella was closed as redirect by Liz on 20 Nov 2022; discussion
* 09 Nov 2022 – Chiriseri test AfDed by Maddy from Celeste was closed as merge by Liz on 23 Nov 2022; discussion
* 21 Nov 2022 – List of anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic topics AfDed by Piotrus was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=List_of_anti-cultural%2c_anti-national%2c_and_anti-ethnic_topics delete] by Liz on 28 Nov 2022; discussion
* 13 Jan 2023 – Religious bias on Wikipedia AfDed by Liz was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Religious_bias_on_Wikipedia delete] by JBW on 20 Jan 2023; discussion
* 10 Jan 2023 – Latina stereotypes in hip hop AfDed by AtlasDuane was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Latina_stereotypes_in_hip_hop delete] by Extraordinary Writ on 25 Jan 2023; discussion
* 26 Jan 2023 – Lakeview Academy AfDed by BusterD was closed as keep by Liz on 15 Feb 2023; discussion
* 13 Feb 2023 – Killing of Brianna Ghey AfDed by Hurricane Noah was closed as keep by Alison on 15 Feb 2023; discussion
* 08 Mar 2023 – Simon Mol AfDed by Sativa Inflorescence was closed as keep by Salvio giuliano on 15 Mar 2023; discussion
* 19 Mar 2023 – Rawandiz massacre AfDed by Nocturnal781 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rawandiz_massacre delete] by Aoidh on 27 Mar 2023; discussion
* 14 Apr 2023 – Japanese privilege AfDed by Binksternet was closed as delete by Explicit on 21 Apr 2023; discussion
* 10 Apr 2023 – Anti-China terrorism in Pakistan AfDed by Nooruddin2020 was closed as no consensus by Guerillero on 26 Apr 2023; discussion
* 01 May 2023 – Snowflake (slang) AfDed by 1keyhole was closed as keep by Bruxton on 08 May 2023; discussion
* 30 Apr 2023 – Table of years in LGBT rights AfDed by Mathglot was closed by Sandstein on 08 May 2023; discussion
* 25 Apr 2023 – Labour relations in women's association football AfDed by UtherSRG was closed as keep by Explicit on 11 May 2023; discussion
* 08 May 2023 – Splaining AfDed by Vipz was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Splaining delete] by Explicit on 15 May 2023; discussion
* 24 May 2023 – The Most Racist Soccer League in the World AfDed by Spiderone was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Most_Racist_Soccer_League_in_the_World delete] by Number 57 on 28 May 2023; discussion
* 13 May 2023 – Debbie Schneider AfDed by Onel5969 was closed as no consensus by Northamerica1000 on 06 Jun 2023; discussion
* 18 May 2023 – Incels.is AfDed by GorillaWarfare was closed as merge by Ritchie333 on 10 Jun 2023; discussion
* 04 Jun 2023 – Herzl's Mauschel and Zionist antisemitism AfDed by Walt Yoder was closed as keep by LFaraone on 11 Jun 2023; discussion
* 27 Jun 2023 – Buck breaking AfDed by Hemiauchenia was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Buck_breaking delete] by Liz on 04 Jul 2023; discussion
* 07 Jul 2023 – Chiragh Kush AfDed by Alexandermcnabb was closed as draftify ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chiragh_Kush deleted]) by Explicit on 14 Jul 2023; discussion
* 11 Jul 2023 – Zionism, race and genetics AfDed by ජපස was closed as no consensus by Rosguill on 19 Jul 2023; discussion
* 06 Jul 2023 – Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest AfDed by LibStar was closed as keep by Liz on 25 Jul 2023; discussion
* 29 Jul 2023 – Left-wing terrorism AfDed by AlanS was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 05 Aug 2023; discussion
* 29 Jul 2023 – Right-wing terrorism AfDed by AlanS was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 05 Aug 2023; discussion
* 29 Jul 2023 – List of left-wing terrorist attacks AfDed by AlanS was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=List_of_left-wing_terrorist_attacks delete] by Explicit on 05 Aug 2023; discussion
* 30 Jul 2023 – Violence and autism AfDed by Buidhe was closed as keep by Liz on 06 Aug 2023; discussion
* 04 Aug 2023 – Paul Kivel AfDed by Pinktoebeans was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Paul_Kivel delete] by Liz on 11 Aug 2023; discussion
* 27 Jul 2023 – Homophobia in ethnic minority communities AfDed by GnocchiFan was closed as no consensus by Liz on 18 Aug 2023; discussion
* 12 Aug 2023 – 1966 Anti-Igbo Pogrom Retaliation AfDed by Timtrent was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=1966_Anti-Igbo_Pogrom_Retaliation delete] by Liz on 19 Aug 2023; discussion
* 01 Aug 2023 – Movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States AfDed by How I could just edit a wiki article was closed as no consensus by Liz on 22 Aug 2023; discussion
* 25 Aug 2023 – Persecution of Albanians in Yugoslavia (1941–1999) AfDed by Griboski was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Persecution_of_Albanians_in_Yugoslavia_(1941%e2%80%931999) delete] by Liz on 01 Sep 2023; discussion
* 03 Sep 2023 – Bibliography of slavery in the United States AfDed by Edward-Woodrow was closed as keep by Edward-Woodrow on 04 Sep 2023; discussion
* 15 Sep 2023 – Parental rights movement AfDed by Zenomonoz was closed as keep by Liz on 29 Sep 2023; discussion
* 15 Sep 2023 – Beauty and the Beast: Ugly Face of Prejudice AfDed by Donaldd23 was closed as keep by Guerillero on 30 Sep 2023; discussion
* 25 Sep 2023 – National Youth Advocacy Coalition AfDed by GnocchiFan was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=National_Youth_Advocacy_Coalition delete] by Liz on 03 Oct 2023; discussion
* 20 Sep 2023 – Killing of Jesse Kirby and John Kirby AfDed by Fram was closed as merge by Liz on 05 Oct 2023; discussion
* 28 Sep 2023 – LGBT rights in the post-Soviet states AfDed by Kpratter was closed as keep by Premeditated Chaos on 05 Oct 2023; discussion
* 27 Sep 2023 – Jordan Palmer (social activist) AfDed by Oaktree b was closed as merge by Liz on 11 Oct 2023; discussion
* 09 Oct 2023 – Institutional sexism in the Metropolitan Police AfDed by WikiDan61 was closed as keep by Hey man im josh on 16 Oct 2023; discussion
* 13 Oct 2023 – Koko Da Doll AfDed by SparklyNights was closed as keep by Liz on 20 Oct 2023; discussion
* 16 Oct 2023 – Alleged Palestinian genocide of Israelis AfDed by BilledMammal was closed as redirect by Daniel on 23 Oct 2023; discussion
* 15 Oct 2023 – Genocide against Palestinians AfDed by Eladkarmel was closed as no consensus by Randykitty on 24 Oct 2023; discussion
* 19 Oct 2023 – Massacre of Muslims in Shamakhi AfDed by KhndzorUtogh was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Massacre_of_Muslims_in_Shamakhi delete] by Bibliomaniac15 on 27 Oct 2023; discussion
* 21 Oct 2023 – Nakba denial AfDed by DIYeditor was closed as keep by Star Mississippi on 29 Oct 2023; discussion
* 23 Oct 2023 – Joy Henderson AfDed by HickoryOughtShirt?4 was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Joy_Henderson delete] by Malcolmxl5 on 30 Oct 2023; discussion
* 26 Oct 2023 – Massacres of Ottoman civilians during the Balkan Wars AfDed by Khirurg was closed as draftify ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Massacres_of_Ottoman_civilians_during_the_Balkan_Wars deleted]) by Daniel on 03 Nov 2023; discussion
* 01 Nov 2023 – Jill Ovens AfDed by PicturePerfect666 was closed as keep by Hey man im josh on 08 Nov 2023; discussion
* 31 Oct 2023 – Women's Rights Party AfDed by Fermiboson was closed as redirect by Liz on 11 Nov 2023; discussion
* 23 Oct 2023 – Consultative Council (Poland) AfDed by The Wolak was closed as no consensus by Star Mississippi on 15 Nov 2023; discussion
* 09 Nov 2023 – Persecution of Germans AfDed by Grnrchst was closed as merge by WJ94 on 16 Nov 2023; discussion
* 14 Nov 2023 – Anna Katrulina AfDed by Khinkali was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anna_Katrulina delete] by Liz on 21 Nov 2023; discussion
* 10 Nov 2023 – Islamophobia during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war AfDed by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed as keep by Liz on 26 Nov 2023; discussion
* 18 Nov 2023 – Chinky AfDed by Uncle G was closed as redirect by Star Mississippi on 26 Nov 2023; discussion
* 14 Nov 2023 – Bushra al-Tawil AfDed by Dazzling4 was closed as keep by Vanamonde93 on 28 Nov 2023; discussion
* 25 Nov 2023 – Stand up for us AfDed by Elshad was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Stand_up_for_us delete] by Eddie891 on 02 Dec 2023; discussion
* 25 Nov 2023 – From Here (film) AfDed by QuietHere was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=From_Here_(film) delete] by Explicit on 09 Dec 2023; discussion
* 10 Dec 2023 – Cisgenderism AfDed by बिनोद थारू was closed as keep by Arbitrarily0 on 17 Dec 2023; discussion
* 12 Dec 2023 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel AfDed by Vice regent was closed as no consensus by Sandstein on 23 Dec 2023; discussion
* 25 Jan 2024 – Mamath Eka Malak AfDed by Pepperbeast was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mamath_Eka_Malak delete] by Explicit on 01 Feb 2024; discussion
* 10 Feb 2024 – Football Unites, Racism Divides AfDed by Boleyn was closed as redirect by Explicit on 17 Feb 2024; discussion
* 18 Feb 2024 – Survived and Punished AfDed by Panamitsu was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Survived_and_Punished delete] by Explicit on 25 Feb 2024; discussion
* 21 Mar 2024 – StoneToss AfDed by GoggleGoose was closed by GoggleGoose on 25 Mar 2024; discussion
* 11 Apr 2024 – Patrick Braxton AfDed by Ergo Sum was closed as redirect by Hey man im josh on 02 May 2024; discussion
* 26 Apr 2024 – Woke Mind Virus AfDed by Classicwiki was closed as merge by Ganesha811 on 03 May 2024; discussion
* 30 Apr 2024 – Antisemitism in Columbia University AfDed by Esolo5002 was closed as keep by The Herald on 07 May 2024; discussion
* 01 May 2024 – Racial hoax AfDed by UtherSRG was closed as no consensus by King of Hearts on 09 May 2024; discussion
* 25 Apr 2024 – Human-oriented sexualism AfDed by StarTrekker was closed as merge by OwenX on 18 May 2024; discussion
* 14 May 2024 – Anti-Bengali sentiment AfDed by Ratnahastin was closed by Hemant Dabral on 28 May 2024; discussion
* 19 May 2024 – Michaud Affair AfDed by ZimZalaBim was closed as redirect by Explicit on 01 Jun 2024; discussion
* 03 Jun 2024 – Darrell Leon McClanahan AfDed by BottleOfChocolateMilk was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Darrell_Leon_McClanahan delete] by Explicit on 10 Jun 2024; discussion
* 30 May 2024 – Ayatollah Khamenei's letter to students at U.S. universities AfDed by ElijahPepe was closed as merge by OwenX on 15 Jun 2024; discussion
* 05 Jun 2024 – Racism in North America AfDed by Walsh90210 was closed as redirect by OwenX on 27 Jun 2024; discussion
RfC
* 18 Dec 2016 – Hope not Hate RfC by Martingoodson was closed; discussion
* 22 Dec 2016 – Southern Poverty Law Center RfC by The Armchair General was closed; discussion
* 12 Jan 2017 – Israel and the apartheid analogy RfC by Veritycheck was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2017 – Emmett Till RfC by ResultingConstant was closed; discussion
* 08 Mar 2017 – Southern Poverty Law Center RfC by NPalgan2 was closed; discussion
* 03 Apr 2017 – Scientific racism RfC by Maunus was closed; discussion
* 17 Apr 2017 – Genocide RfC by Seraphim System was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2017 – List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups RfC by Srich32977 was closed; discussion
* 12 May 2017 – Eugenics RfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 12 May 2017 – Emmett Till RfC by Flyer22 Reborn was closed; discussion
* 04 Jun 2017 – Anti-Hinduism RfC by Vanamonde93 was closed; discussion
* 15 Jun 2017 – Sit-in movement RfC by Mitchumch was closed; discussion
* 20 Jul 2017 – White privilege RfC by Keith Johnston was closed; discussion
* 18 Aug 2017 – Far-right politics RfC by Jd22292 was closed; discussion
* 09 Aug 2017 – Google's Ideological Echo Chamber RfC by Keith Johnston was closed; discussion
* 12 Sep 2017 – List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America RfC by D.Creish was closed; discussion
* 12 Sep 2017 – List of Confederate monuments and memorials RfC by D.Creish was closed; discussion
* 30 Sep 2017 – Google's Ideological Echo Chamber RfC by James J. Lambden was closed; discussion
* 30 Oct 2017 – Racism in South Korea RfC by Christian140 was closed; discussion
* 09 Nov 2017 – Nazism RfC by Beyond My Ken was closed; discussion
* 12 Nov 2017 – Antisemitism in the United Kingdom RfC by Darkness Shines was closed; discussion
* 07 Jan 2018 – Armenian Genocide RfC by Billhpike was closed; discussion
* 18 Jan 2018 – Racial views of Donald Trump RfC by PackMecEng was closed; discussion
* 23 Feb 2018 – African-American civil rights movement (1954–1968) RfC by Coffee was closed; discussion
* 18 Feb 2018 – Racial views of Donald Trump RfC by JFG was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2018 – Black genocide RfC by Binksternet was closed; discussion
* 26 Feb 2018 – Racism in the United States RfC by Malik Shabazz was closed; discussion
* 04 Apr 2018 – Neo-Nazism RfC by Beyond My Ken was closed; discussion
* 15 Apr 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Slatersteven was closed; discussion
* 07 May 2018 – Racism in South Africa RfC by DumaTorpedo was closed; discussion
* 01 Jun 2018 – 2002 Gujarat riots RfC by Kautilya3 was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Absolutelypuremilk was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2018 – Environmental inequality in Europe RfC by Sturgeontransformer was closed; discussion
* 11 Jul 2018 – Microaggression RfC by Drcchutch was closed; discussion
* 30 Aug 2018 – Schindlerjuden RfC by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 16 Aug 2018 – Antisemitism RfC by Onceinawhile was closed; discussion
* 09 Sep 2018 – Israel and Islamophobia RfC by Edaham was closed; discussion
* 17 Sep 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 17 Sep 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 17 Sep 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 17 Sep 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 17 Sep 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 07 Oct 2018 – Far-right politics RfC by L293D was closed; discussion
* 30 Nov 2018 – Christian persecution complex RfC by Desmay was closed; discussion
* 06 Nov 2018 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Absolutelypuremilk was closed; discussion
* 23 Dec 2018 – Anti-Defamation League RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 16 Mar 2019 – White genocide conspiracy theory RfC by EllenCT was closed; discussion
* 21 Feb 2019 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 04 Apr 2019 – Jussie Smollett RfC by AlexEng was closed; discussion
* 21 Mar 2019 – Slavery RfC by SharabSalam was closed; discussion
* 23 Mar 2019 – Sobibor trial RfC by Roman Spinner was closed; discussion
* 29 Apr 2019 – Anti-German sentiment RfC by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 12 May 2019 – Call-out culture RfC by Bacondrum was closed; discussion
* 21 May 2019 – Central Park jogger case RfC by 2604:2000:E010:1100:D19A:AA59:9447:622F was closed; discussion
* 06 Jul 2019 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party RfC by RevertBob was closed; discussion
* 01 Aug 2019 – Southern strategy RfC by Darknipples was closed; discussion
* 06 Aug 2019 – White genocide conspiracy theory RfC by EllenCT was closed; discussion
* 01 Oct 2019 – Britain First RfC by Salix alba was closed; discussion
* 05 Nov 2019 – Discrimination against atheists RfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 03 Nov 2019 – Britain First RfC by Cunard was closed; discussion
* 03 Dec 2019 – Call-out culture RfC by Bacondrum was closed; discussion
* 13 Dec 2019 – White genocide conspiracy theory RfC by Edit5001 was closed; discussion
* 06 Jan 2020 – White privilege RfC by SprayCanToothpick was closed; discussion
* 06 Mar 2020 – Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 RfC by Bharatiya29 was closed; discussion
* 22 Mar 2020 – 2020 Delhi riots RfC by Souniel Yadav was closed; discussion
* 06 May 2020 – Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia RfC by WEBDuB was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – George Floyd protests RfC by Wikiditm was closed; discussion
* 09 Jun 2020 – White supremacy RfC by GamerKiller2347 was closed; discussion
* 01 Jun 2020 – Racial views of Donald Trump RfC by Display name 99 was closed; discussion
* 02 Jun 2020 – Anti-Hindu sentiment RfC by Dr2Rao was closed; discussion
* 21 Jun 2020 – Reverse racism RfC by Ms96 was closed; discussion
* 11 Jun 2020 – Racial bias on Wikipedia RfC by Juliette Han was closed; discussion
* 23 Sep 2020 – 2020 United States racial reckoning RfC by SMcCandlish was closed; discussion
* 23 Sep 2020 – Cracker (term) RfC by Bait30 was closed; discussion
* 10 Oct 2020 – George Floyd protests RfC by Dilbaggg was closed; discussion
* 24 Oct 2020 – Hindutva RfC by Jenos450 was closed; discussion
* 09 Oct 2020 – 2020 Bangalore riots RfC by Dilbaggg was closed; discussion
* 28 Oct 2020 – Persecution of Christians RfC by Jenhawk777 was closed; discussion
* 28 Oct 2020 – Persecution of Christians RfC by Jenhawk777 was closed; discussion
* 24 Dec 2020 – Ethnic cleansing RfC by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – 2020 Ganja missile attacks RfC by Steverci was closed; discussion
* 23 Dec 2020 – Stormfront (website) RfC by Bacondrum was closed; discussion
* 02 Jan 2021 – Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance RfC by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 06 Jan 2021 – WikiProject Discrimination RfC by Ahrtoodeetoo was closed; discussion
* 01 Feb 2021 – The Holocaust RfC by Watchlonly was closed; discussion
* 31 Jan 2021 – Uyghur genocide RfC by Mikehawk10 was closed; discussion
* 26 Feb 2021 – Destruction of Kashmiri Shias RfC by TrangaBellam was closed; discussion
* 28 Feb 2021 – Israel and the apartheid analogy RfC by Wikieditor19920 was closed; discussion
* 13 Feb 2021 – Los Angeles Police Department RfC by Snooganssnoogans was closed; discussion
* 29 Mar 2021 – Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory RfC by Emir of Wikipedia was closed; discussion
* 24 Apr 2021 – Armenian genocide RfC by Jeppiz was closed; discussion
* 30 Apr 2021 – Uyghur genocide RfC by MarkH21 was closed; discussion
* 09 May 2021 – Jessica Yaniv RfC by Mortee was closed; discussion
* 07 Feb 2021 – 2020 Ganja missile attacks RfC by Steverci was closed; discussion
* 30 May 2021 – Holodomor in modern politics RfC by Stix1776 was closed; discussion
* 21 Jun 2021 – Jessica Yaniv RfC by CatCafe was closed; discussion
* 24 Jul 2021 – The Holocaust RfC by Thelostone41 was closed; discussion
* 07 Jul 2021 – Holodomor in modern politics RfC by Stix1776 was closed; discussion
* 24 Aug 2021 – Persecution of Christians RfC by Slatersteven was closed; discussion
* 26 Aug 2021 – The Holocaust in Poland RfC by François Robere was closed; discussion
* 31 Oct 2021 – Nation of Islam RfC by Gouncbeatduke was closed; discussion
* 08 Dec 2021 – Antisemitism in Europe RfC by Bob drobbs was closed; discussion
* 15 Dec 2021 – Rape in India RfC by Knight Skywalker was closed; discussion
* 18 Dec 2021 – Gringo RfC by Tbhotch was closed; discussion
* 15 Jan 2022 – Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory RfC by RaiderAspect was closed; discussion
* 20 Jan 2022 – Gringo RfC by Tbhotch was closed; discussion
* 30 Jan 2022 – Uyghur genocide RfC by Mhawk10 was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2022 – Uyghur genocide RfC by Iamreallygoodatcheckers was closed; discussion
* 31 Jan 2021 – Uyghur genocide RfC by Mikehawk10 was closed; discussion
* 07 Feb 2021 – 2020 Ganja missile attacks RfC by Steverci was closed; discussion
* 15 Mar 2022 – Jussie Smollett RfC by Iamreallygoodatcheckers was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2022 – White ethnostate RfC by Gooduserdude was closed; discussion
* 31 Mar 2022 – Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan RfC by A. C. Santacruz was closed; discussion
* 08 Apr 2022 – Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory RfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 04 May 2022 – Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan RfC by Vladimir.copic was closed; discussion
* 01 Jun 2022 – Rebel News RfC by Peter Gulutzan was closed; discussion
* 18 May 2022 – Nation of Islam RfC by Midnightblueowl was closed; discussion
* 10 Jul 2022 – Shiv Sena RfC by Venkat TL was closed; discussion
* 22 Jul 2022 – 2020 Ganja missile attacks RfC by Abrvagl was closed; discussion
* 28 Jul 2022 – Caste system in India RfC by Tobus was closed; discussion
* 29 Aug 2022 – Anfal campaign RfC by TheTimesAreAChanging was closed; discussion
* 01 Oct 2022 – List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust RfC by GizzyCatBella was closed; discussion
* 21 Oct 2022 – George Floyd protests RfC by Slatersteven was closed; discussion
* 10 Dec 2022 – Feminist views on transgender topics RfC by LokiTheLiar was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2023 – Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism RfC by TheTranarchist was closed; discussion
* 03 May 2023 – Love jihad conspiracy theory RfC by Vanamonde93 was closed; discussion
* 13 May 2023 – Coerced religious conversion in Pakistan RfC by 1Firang was closed; discussion
* 20 May 2023 – White nationalism RfC by Gooduserdude was closed; discussion
* 27 May 2023 – Scientific racism RfC by JBradleyChen was closed; discussion
* 19 Jul 2023 – Gays Against Groomers RfC by Slatersteven was closed; discussion
* 13 Nov 2023 – Otzma Yehudit RfC by HadesTTW was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2023 – Bezalel Smotrich RfC by Number 57 was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Bangladesh genocide RfC by Malerisch was closed; discussion
* 09 Jan 2024 – Genocides in history (1946 to 1999) RfC by IOHANNVSVERVS was closed; discussion
* 13 Jan 2024 – Timeline of antisemitism RfC by Patsw was closed; discussion
* 14 Feb 2024 – Genocides in history (1946 to 1999) RfC by IOHANNVSVERVS was closed; discussion
* 02 Mar 2024 – Narendra Modi RfC by BlackOrchidd was closed; discussion
* 25 Mar 2024 – StoneToss RfC by TarnishedPath was closed; discussion
* 26 Apr 2024 – Israel and apartheid RfC by Firefangledfeathers was closed; discussion
* 24 May 2024 – Genocide of Indigenous peoples RfC by Ivanvector was closed; discussion
* 27 May 2024 – Benito Mussolini RfC by Emiya1980 was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2024 – Black War RfC by KlayCax was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2024 – Srebrenica massacre RfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
GAN
* 22 Nov 2016 – Radio 1 Madonna controversy GA nominated by IndianBio was promoted by Cartoon network freak; discussion
* 06 Dec 2016 – Native American mascot controversy GA nominated by WriterArtistDC was promoted by Aircorn; discussion
* 10 Apr 2017 – Armenian Genocide GA nominated by Prinsgezinde was not promoted by Jclemens; discussion
* 16 Feb 2017 – Music in the movement against apartheid GA nominated by Vanamonde93 was promoted by Freikorp; discussion
* 06 Nov 2017 – Office for Civil Rights GA nominated by XJJRosebrook was closed; discussion
* 06 Nov 2017 – Title IX GA nominated by XJJRosebrook was closed; discussion
* 13 Nov 2017 – Prison–industrial complex GA nominated by Kylaj was not promoted by Barkeep49; discussion
* 25 Nov 2017 – Algorithmic bias GA nominated by Owlsmcgee was not promoted by Farang Rak Tham; discussion
* 06 Jul 2018 – Algorithmic bias GA nominated by Owlsmcgee was promoted by Farang Rak Tham; discussion
* 20 Jul 2018 – Bratislava Working Group GA nominated by Catrìona was promoted by Vami IV; discussion
* 11 Aug 2018 – Escape of Viktor Pestek and Siegfried Lederer from Auschwitz GA nominated by Catrìona was promoted by Gog the Mild; discussion
* 14 Sep 2018 – Luftwaffe guards at concentration camps GA nominated by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 29 Oct 2018 – Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph GA nominated by Catrìona was promoted by Renata3; discussion
* 12 Oct 2018 – Topoľčany pogrom GA nominated by Catrìona was promoted by Sturmvogel 66; discussion
* 04 Jan 2019 – Strange Fruit (novel) GA nominated by ReaderofthePack was promoted by Argento Surfer; discussion
* 23 Oct 2018 – Karl Plagge GA nominated by Catrìona was promoted by Zawed; discussion
* 07 Jan 2019 – The Holocaust in Slovakia GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Ed!; discussion
* 01 Nov 2018 – Deus Ex: Mankind Divided GA nominated by ProtoDrake was promoted by Hahnchen; discussion
* 19 Feb 2019 – Briarcrest Christian School GA nominated by Billhpike was not promoted by Barkeep49; discussion
* 07 Oct 2018 – Racism in the UK Conservative Party GA nominated by Bangalamania was not promoted by MJL; discussion
* 22 Aug 2018 – Sorley MacLean GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Lingzhi2; discussion
* 06 Dec 2018 – Islamophobia in the UK Conservative Party (1997–present) GA nominated by Bangalamania was not promoted by Vanamonde93; discussion
* 10 Nov 2019 – Deportation of the Karachays GA nominated by 3E1I5S8B9RF7 was promoted by K.e.coffman; discussion
* 01 Jan 2020 – The Holocaust in the Sudetenland GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Chiswick Chap; discussion
* 15 May 2020 – History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance GA nominated by Jenhawk777 was closed; discussion
* 15 May 2020 – History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance GA nominated by Jenhawk777 was closed; discussion
* 25 May 2020 – Incel GA nominated by GorillaWarfare was promoted by Aven13; discussion
* 11 Apr 2020 – Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War GA nominated by 3E1I5S8B9RF7 was promoted by Jon698; discussion
* 09 Aug 2019 – Cultural racism GA nominated by Midnightblueowl was not promoted by Goldsztajn; discussion
* 09 Aug 2019 – Cultural racism GA nominated by Midnightblueowl was not promoted by Goldsztajn; discussion
* 22 Jun 2020 – History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance GA nominated by Jenhawk777 was promoted by DocFreeman24; discussion
* 31 Dec 2020 – Armenian Genocide denial GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Sturmvogel 66; discussion
* 30 Jan 2021 – Uyghur genocide GA nominated by Mikehawk10 was not promoted by Extraordinary Writ; discussion
* 22 Nov 2020 – Joseph Gelders GA nominated by TJMSmith was promoted by Z1720; discussion
* 07 Nov 2020 – Racial segregation of churches in the United States GA nominated by MichelleGachelin was not promoted by Z1720; discussion
* 10 Mar 2021 – Armenian Genocide GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Des Vallee; discussion
* 23 Apr 2021 – Isaaq genocide GA nominated by Siirski was closed; discussion
* 07 May 2021 – Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union GA nominated by 3E1I5S8B9RF7 was promoted by Keresluna; discussion
* 29 May 2021 – Babel Proclamation GA nominated by Eddie891 was promoted by Tkbrett; discussion
* 04 Nov 2021 – Environmental racism in the United States GA nominated by SarahD12345678910 was not promoted by Ganesha811; discussion
* 15 Nov 2021 – Vella Pillay GA nominated by Ktin was promoted by The Most Comfortable Chair; discussion
* 05 Oct 2021 – Redskin GA nominated by WriterArtistDC was promoted by Shushugah; discussion
* 26 Dec 2021 – Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Vaticidalprophet; discussion
* 18 Jan 2022 – Kirk–Holden war GA nominated by Indy beetle was promoted by Jens Lallensack; discussion
* 13 Jan 2022 – Criminalization of homosexuality GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Danu Widjajanto; discussion
* 07 Nov 2020 – Racial segregation of churches in the United States GA nominated by MichelleGachelin was not promoted by Z1720; discussion
* 22 Nov 2020 – Joseph Gelders GA nominated by TJMSmith was promoted by Z1720; discussion
* 24 Feb 2022 – Timnit Gebru GA nominated by SquareInARoundHole was not promoted by Firefangledfeathers; discussion
* 09 Sep 2022 – White genocide conspiracy theory GA nominated by Thespearthrower was closed; discussion
* 06 Jan 2023 – Phoolan Devi GA nominated by Mujinga was promoted by Larataguera; discussion
* 13 May 2023 – The Holocaust GA nominated by Buidhe was promoted by Borsoka; discussion
* 31 Dec 2022 – 1987 Forsyth County protests GA nominated by JJonahJackalope was promoted by Thebiguglyalien; discussion
* 30 Jun 2023 – Billy Strachan GA nominated by The History Wizard of Cambridge was not promoted by Llewee; discussion
* 25 Aug 2023 – Jews Don't Count GA nominated by Frzzl was promoted by Chiswick Chap; discussion
* 19 Oct 2023 – Patricia Banks Edmiston GA nominated by FormalDude was promoted by Thebiguglyalien; discussion
* 20 Nov 2023 – Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume GA nominated by Davest3r08 was promoted by Moazfargal; discussion
* 29 Oct 2023 – Makwerekwere GA nominated by FuzzyMagma was closed; discussion
* 23 Jul 2023 – Welcome to the Neighborhood (TV series) GA nominated by Underclass King was promoted by Sammi Brie; discussion
* 04 Feb 2024 – Robert Mallard GA nominated by Roastedbeanz1 was not promoted by Bruxton; discussion
* 19 Apr 2024 – Cagot GA nominated by Cdjp1 was promoted by Chiswick Chap; discussion
* 15 May 2024 – 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses GA nominated by CommunityNotesContributor was closed; discussion
* 15 Dec 2023 – L. K. Advani GA nominated by Magentic Manifestations was not promoted by Kavyansh.Singh; discussion
* 27 Jun 2024 – Giado concentration camp GA nominated by Zanahary was closed; discussion
* 30 Nov 2023 – Jews in the civil rights movement GA nominated by Homerethegreat was promoted by Kimikel; discussion
* 15 Apr 2024 – Breonna Taylor GA nominated by Nickscoby was promoted by DeadlyRampage26; discussion
* 30 Dec 2023 – Makwerekwere GA nominated by FuzzyMagma was promoted by Adabow; discussion
RM
* 05 Feb 2017 – Firing of Shirley Sherrod move request by Mark Schierbecker was closed; discussion
* 16 Feb 2017 – Discrimination against atheists move request by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 20 Feb 2017 – Anti-Christian sentiment move request by BarrelProof was closed; discussion
* 17 Apr 2017 – Anti-Christian sentiment move request by BarrelProof was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2017 – Racism in the Palestinian territories move request by Seraphim System was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2017 – Anti-Hinduism move request by Coconut1002 was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2017 – Israel and the apartheid analogy move request by Hungarian Phrasebook was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2017 – Sexualism move request by Shaded0 was closed; discussion
* 29 Aug 2017 – Non-NFL Redskins sports teams move request by Koavf was closed; discussion
* 19 Sep 2017 – Antihaitianismo move request by Appah Rao was closed; discussion
* 30 Sep 2017 – List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America move request by K.e.coffman was closed; discussion
* 25 Oct 2017 – DeAndre Harris move request by Icewhiz was closed; discussion
* 23 Nov 2017 – African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–1968) move request by Amakuru was closed; discussion
* 15 Dec 2017 – Antisemitism in the Labour Party move request by Mewulwe was closed; discussion
* 15 Dec 2017 – Whitewashing in film move request by Gaioa was closed; discussion
* 25 Dec 2017 – Genocide of Christians by ISIL move request by Greyshark09 was closed; discussion
* 29 Jan 2018 – Racial views of Donald Trump move request by JFG was closed; discussion
* 03 Feb 2018 – Armenian Genocide move request by Billhpike was closed; discussion
* 16 Feb 2018 – Racial views of Donald Trump move request by JFG was closed; discussion
* 18 Feb 2018 – African-American civil rights movement (1954–1968) move request by Coffee was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2018 – Anti-Orthodoxy move request by Calthinus was closed; discussion
* 28 Feb 2018 – Assault on DeAndre Harris move request by ScratchMarshall was closed; discussion
* 02 Mar 2018 – Angry Black Woman move request by Zxcvbnm was closed; discussion
* 08 Mar 2018 – Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians move request by Aervanath was closed; discussion
* 21 Apr 2018 – Misogyny in horror films move request by Zxcvbnm was closed; discussion
* 14 May 2018 – The Holocaust move request by Rreagan007 was closed; discussion
* 13 Jul 2018 – Google's Ideological Echo Chamber move request by Wumbolo was closed; discussion
* 14 Jul 2018 – Discrimination against non-binary gender persons move request by Cassolotl was closed; discussion
* 03 Aug 2018 – Racism in the Palestinian territories move request by Greyshark09 was closed; discussion
* 10 Sep 2018 – Fossoli di Carpi move request by Turismond was closed; discussion
* 24 Sep 2018 – The Great Replacement conspiracy theory move request by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2018 – White genocide conspiracy theory move request by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2018 – White genocide conspiracy theory move request by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 05 Oct 2018 – Stereotypes of indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States (initially Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America) move request by WriterArtistDC was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2018 – White genocide conspiracy theory move request by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2018 – White genocide conspiracy theory move request by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 30 Oct 2018 – Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust move request by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 29 Nov 2018 – Incel move request by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 11 Dec 2018 – Aryanization (Nazism) move request by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 17 Jan 2019 – Jewish deicide move request by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 10 Mar 2019 – Google's Ideological Echo Chamber move request by Pokerplayer513 was closed; discussion
* 21 Mar 2019 – Sobibór trial move request by Roman Spinner was closed; discussion
* 02 Apr 2019 – The Great Replacement move request by StraussInTheHouse was closed; discussion
* 02 Apr 2019 – Remove Kebab move request by StraussInTheHouse was closed; discussion
* 12 Apr 2019 – List of LGBT-related slurs move request by Mooeena was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2019 – Persecution of Christians by ISIL move request by PPEMES was closed; discussion
* 30 Apr 2019 – Blood and Soil move request by StraussInTheHouse was closed; discussion
* 30 May 2019 – Redskin (slang) move request by WriterArtistDC was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2019 – The Holocaust in Poland move request by Kasabian was closed; discussion
* 02 Jul 2019 – History of slavery in Asia move request by Piotrus was closed; discussion
* 07 Aug 2019 – Persecution of indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands in Vietnam move request to Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam by 唐吉訶德的侍從 was closed to Persecution of the Montagnard in Vietnam; discussion
* 18 Sep 2019 – The Great Replacement move request to Great Replacement by BDD was closed; discussion
* 28 Sep 2019 – White supremacy move request to White supremacism by Lmatt was not moved; discussion
* 05 Oct 2019 – Anti-Chilean propaganda move request to Anti-Chilean sentiment by MarshalN20 was closed to Anti-Chilean sentiment by StraussInTheHouse on 12 Oct 2019; discussion
* 13 Oct 2019 – Great Replacement move request to Great replacement conspiracy theory by Nblund was not moved by Tbhotch on 07 Apr 2019; discussion
* 28 Oct 2019 – Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia move request to Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia by Nolanfranyeri was closed to Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia by MSGJ on 06 Nov 2019; discussion
* 31 Oct 2019 – Section 28 move request to Section 28 (English law on homosexuality) by BD2412 was closed; discussion
* 16 Nov 2019 – War on Women move request to War on women by BarrelProof was moved to War on women by MSGJ on 26 Nov 2019; discussion
* 22 Nov 2019 – Racism in South Africa move request to Racism and Crime in South Africa by Untrammeled was no consensus; discussion
* 01 Dec 2019 – Anti-Hindu sentiment move request to Hinduphobia by Hindian1947 was not moved; discussion
* 04 Feb 2020 – Ethnocide of Uyghurs move request to Cultural genocide of the Uyghurs by FOARP was moved to Cultural genocide of the Uyghurs by Nnadigoodluck on 16 Feb 2020; discussion
* 11 Feb 2020 – Xenophobia and racism related to the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak move request to Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 outbreak by <IP_ADDRESS> was no consensus; discussion
* 16 Feb 2020 – Cultural genocide of the Uyghurs move request to Cultural genocide of Uyghurs by MarkH21 was moved to Cultural genocide of Uyghurs by BegbertBiggs on 23 Feb 2020; discussion
* 03 Mar 2020 – North East Delhi riots move request to 2020 Delhi riots by Anachronist was moved to 2020 Delhi riots by Wugapodes on 10 Mar 2020; discussion
* 18 Mar 2020 – Death of Colten Boushie move request to Shooting of Colten Boushie by Roman Spinner was moved to Shooting of Colten Boushie by Zppix on 30 Mar 2020; discussion
* 15 Mar 2020 – Detatarization of Crimea move request to De-Tatarization of Crimea by Mzajac was moved to De-Tatarization of Crimea by Number 57 on 12 Apr 2020; discussion
* 01 Apr 2020 – List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic move request to Xenophobia, discrimination and racism related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic by Anthony Appleyard was not moved; discussion
* 12 May 2020 – Antisemitic canard move request to List of antisemitic canards by Buidhe was not moved; discussion
* 21 May 2020 – Sinophobia move request to Anti-Chinese sentiment by Hemant Dabral was moved to Anti-Chinese sentiment; discussion
* 21 May 2020 – OK Boomer move request to OK boomer by Unreal7 was closed; discussion
* 13 May 2020 – 2015 federal complaints against Harvard University's alleged discriminatory admission practices move request to Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard by Croissant33 was moved to Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard by Rosguill on 30 May 2020; discussion
* 03 Jun 2020 – George Floyd protests in Chicago move request to George Floyd protests in Illinois by Gidonb was closed by Paine Ellsworth on 04 Jun 2020; discussion
* 29 May 2020 – Twin Cities riots move request to Twin Cities protests by TZLNCTV was closed to George Floyd protests; discussion
* 02 Jun 2020 – The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia move request to The Holocaust in Croatia by Amanuensis Balkanicus was closed; discussion
* 23 Jun 2020 – Gender bias on Wikipedia move request to Gender bias on English Wikipedia by Usernamekiran was closed to Gender bias on English Wikipedia by Usernamekiran on 22 Jun 2020; discussion
* 23 Jun 2020 – Racial bias on Wikipedia move request to Racial bias on English Wikipedia by Usernamekiran was closed to Racial bias on English Wikipedia by Usernamekiran on 22 Jun 2020; discussion
* 18 Jun 2020 – Discrimination against non-binary gender people move request to Discrimination against non-binary people by Sceptre was moved to Discrimination against non-binary people by Mdaniels5757 on 25 Jun 2020; discussion
* 02 Jul 2020 – Matthew Williams (laborer) move request to Lynching of Matthew Williams by Roman Spinner was moved to Lynching of Matthew Williams by Zppix on 09 Jul 2020; discussion
* 05 Jul 2020 – African-American women in politics move request to Black Women in American Politics by Bataromatic was moved to Black women in American politics by Buidhe on 12 Jul 2020; discussion
* 27 Jul 2020 – The talk (racism in the US) move request to The talk (black parenting) by Sam-2727 was closed to The talk (African-American parenting) by Sam-2727 on 27 Jul 2020; discussion
* 24 Jul 2020 – Washington Redskins name controversy move request to Washington NFL team name and logo controversy by WriterArtistDC was not moved; discussion
* 10 Jul 2020 – Cultural genocide of Uyghurs move request to Uyghur genocide by MarkH21 was closed; discussion
* 12 Aug 2020 – Sexual racism move request to Sexual racial preference in the United States by Son of a T-14 Armata was closed; discussion
* 19 Aug 2020 – 2020 Bangalore riots move request to 2020 Bangalore violence by El C was closed; discussion
* 25 Aug 2020 – George Floyd protests move request to 2020 Black Lives Matter protests by HandIsNotNookls was not moved; discussion
* 18 Sep 2020 – Sexual racism move request to Racial sexual preference by Sdkb was closed to Racial sexual preference by StraussInTheHouse on 26 Sep 2020; discussion
* 24 Sep 2020 – Ethnic issues in China move request to Racism in China by ZaDoraemonzu was not moved; discussion
* undated – Killing of Alvin Cole move request was closed
* undated – Killing of Alvin Cole move request was closed
* 31 Oct 2020 – Racial wage gap in the United States move request to Racial pay gap in the United States by Feminist was moved to Racial pay gap in the United States by Bait30 on 10 Nov 2020; discussion
* 19 Aug 2020 – 2020 Bangalore riots move request to 2020 Bangalore violence by El C was closed; discussion
* 25 Aug 2020 – George Floyd protests move request to 2020 Black Lives Matter protests by HandIsNotNookls was closed; discussion
* 13 Nov 2020 – Circassian genocide move request to Expulsion of the Circassians by Buidhe was not moved; discussion
* 25 Nov 2020 – List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups move request to List of hate groups designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center by <IP_ADDRESS> was no consensus; discussion
* 05 Dec 2020 – 2020 Ganja missile attacks move request to Ganja missile attacks by CuriousGolden was not moved; discussion
* 04 Dec 2020 – Rohingya refugee crisis move request by GWA88 was closed by Paine Ellsworth on 16 Dec 2020; discussion
* 21 Dec 2020 – False accusation of rape move request to False allegations of rape by Ian m was closed by Paine Ellsworth on 02 Jan 2021; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Shooting of Michael Brown move request to Killing of Michael Brown by Albertaont was no consensus; discussion
* 03 Feb 2021 – Chișinău pogrom (1903) move request to Kishinev pogrom by Buidhe was moved to Kishinev pogrom; discussion
* 07 Feb 2021 – Racial sexual preference move request to Sexual racism by Fluous was closed to Race and sexuality by Buidhe on 14 Feb 2021; discussion
* 28 Feb 2021 – List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic move request to COVID-19 xenophobia and racism by Novem Linguae was closed to Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic by Anthony Appleyard on 08 Mar 2021; discussion
* 13 Mar 2021 – Persecution of people with albinism move request to Persecution of people with albinism in Africa by Sro23 was not moved; discussion
* 14 Mar 2021 – 2008–2009 Singur farmers' protest move request to Tata Nano Singur controversy by Adinew56 was moved to Tata Nano Singur controversy; discussion
* 15 Mar 2021 – Gender bias on Wikipedia move request to Wikipedia gender gap by Mx. Granger was not moved; discussion
* 19 Mar 2021 – Ethnic issues in Japan move request to Racism in Japan by Piotrus was closed; discussion
* 19 Mar 2021 – Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia move request to Racism in Ethiopia by Piotrus was moved to Racism in Ethiopia by Jack Frost on 26 Mar 2021; discussion
* 19 Mar 2021 – Ethnic issues in the Philippines move request to Racism in the Philippines by Piotrus was moved to Racism in the Philippines by Jack Frost on 26 Mar 2021; discussion
* 01 Apr 2021 – Uyghur genocide move request to Uyghur cultural genocide by Dazaif was no consensus; discussion
* 01 Apr 2021 – 2021 rallies against anti-Asian violence move request by Sun8908 was closed to Stop Asian Hate; discussion
* 19 Mar 2021 – Racism in China move request by Piotrus was moved by Red Slash on 16 Apr 2021; discussion
* 17 Mar 2021 – Murder of Vincent Chin move request to Killing of Vincent Chin by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed to Killing of Vincent Chin by GenQuest on 17 Apr 2021; discussion
* 25 Apr 2021 – Srebrenica massacre move request to Srebrenica genocide by Julius503 was not moved; discussion
* 03 May 2021 – Israel and the apartheid analogy move request to Israel and apartheid by Volteer1 was not moved; discussion
* 11 May 2021 – Persecution of Shias by ISIL move request to Genocide of Shias by ISIL by Ridax2020 was no consensus; discussion
* 30 Apr 2021 – Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia move request to Racism in Ethiopia by Paine Ellsworth was closed; discussion
* 15 May 2021 – Anfal genocide move request to Anfal campaign by Buidhe was moved to Anfal campaign; discussion
* 15 May 2021 – Armenian Genocide recognition move request to Armenian genocide recognition by Dicklyon was moved to Armenian genocide recognition; discussion
* 15 May 2021 – Armenian Genocide denial move request to Armenian genocide denial by Dicklyon was moved to Armenian genocide denial; discussion
* 15 May 2021 – Armenian Genocide move request to Armenian genocide by Dicklyon was moved to Armenian genocide; discussion
* 15 May 2021 – Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian Genocide move request to Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide by Dicklyon was moved to Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide; discussion
* 21 Jun 2021 – Persecution of Christians by ISIL move request to Genocide of Christians by ISIL by Mikehawk10 was closed to Genocide of Christians by ISIL; discussion
* 12 Jul 2021 – Racism and race relations in India move request to Racism in India by Elli was closed to Racism in India; discussion
* 06 Aug 2021 – Sexism and video games move request to Misogyny in the video game industry by Masem was no consensus; discussion
* 31 Aug 2021 – 2020–2021 United States racial unrest move request to 2020-2021 United States civil unrest by Nekomancerjade was not moved; discussion
* 05 Sep 2021 – Uyghur genocide move request to Repression of Uyghurs in China by Jr8825 was no consensus; discussion
* 16 Sep 2021 – The Holocaust in Byelorussia move request to The Holocaust in Belarus by Piotrus was moved to The Holocaust in Belarus by Vpab15 on 24 Sep 2021; discussion
* 09 Oct 2021 – Indian princess move request to Native American princess by Vajra Raja was not moved; discussion
* 15 Oct 2021 – Clement L. Davies move request to Clem Davies by Roman Spinner was moved to Clem Davies (minister) by Vice regent on 28 Oct 2021; discussion
* 23 Oct 2021 – Disabilities (Jewish) move request by TompaDompa was moved to Jewish disabilities by Srnec on 30 Oct 2021; discussion
* 29 Oct 2021 – Environmental Racism in the United States move request to Environmental racism in the United States by Gjs238 was moved to Environmental racism in the United States by Lennart97 on 11 Nov 2021; discussion
* 07 Nov 2021 – Jessica Yaniv move request to Jessica_Simpson by SnappyDragonPennyroyal was not moved; discussion
* 16 Nov 2021 – Treatment of enslaved people in the United States move request to Treatment of slaves in the United States by Tol was closed to Treatment of slaves in the United States by MSGJ on 24 Nov 2021; discussion
* 16 Nov 2021 – Breeding of enslaved people in the United States move request to Slave breeding in the United States by Tol was closed to Slave breeding in the United States by MSGJ on 24 Nov 2021; discussion
* 24 Nov 2021 – Stereotypes of the British move request to Stereotypes of Britain by 2603:9000:CA02:CACC:6DF0:812:566D:CE0E was closed; discussion
* 25 Nov 2021 – Hattie Cotton Elementary School move request by Bneu2013 was moved to Hattie Cotton Elementary School bombing by BegbertBiggs on 10 Dec 2021; discussion
* 04 Dec 2021 – Israel and the apartheid analogy move request to Israeli apartheid allegation by Buidhe was no consensus; discussion
* 08 Dec 2021 – Anti-Palestinianism move request to Anti-Palestinian bigotry by Bob drobbs was closed; discussion
* 29 Nov 2021 – Predictions of a genocide in Ethiopia move request by Dunutubble was withdrawn; discussion
* 13 Dec 2021 – Love Jihad move request to Love jihad by Synoman Barris was moved to Love jihad by Danski454 on 21 Dec 2021; discussion
* 14 Dec 2021 – List of ethnic slurs move request to List of ethnic slurs and epithets by Panda619 was no consensus; discussion
* 31 Dec 2021 – Anti-Turkish sentiment move request to Anti-Turkic sentiment by Marcocapelle was not moved; discussion
* 31 Jan 2022 – Censorship of school curricula in the United States move request to Restrictions on instruction about racism and sexism in the United States by Sdkb was not moved; discussion
* 07 Feb 2022 – Romani genocide move request to Porajmos by Sceptre was moved to Porajmos; discussion
* 01 Feb 2022 – Destruction of Kashmiri Shias move request to Shia Islam in Kashmir by اِفلاق was moved to Persecution of Kashmiri Shias by Mike Cline on 19 Feb 2022; discussion
* 12 Feb 2022 – Women of color move request to Woman of color by Rreagan007 was moved to Woman of color by Colonestarrice on 20 Feb 2022; discussion
* 21 Feb 2022 – Racial bias on Wikipedia move request to Racism on Wikipedia by Desertambition was not moved; discussion
* 21 Feb 2022 – Gender bias on Wikipedia move request to Sexism on Wikipedia by Desertambition was not moved; discussion
* 10 Mar 2022 – Color blindness (racial classification) move request to Color blindness (race) by GeoffreyT2000 was moved to Racial color blindness; discussion
* 07 Feb 2021 – Racial sexual preference move request to Sexual racism by Fluous was closed to Race and sexuality by Buidhe on 14 Feb 2021; discussion
* 23 Feb 2022 – Proslavery move request to Pro-slavery by Deisenbe was no consensus; discussion
* 18 Mar 2022 – Nestlé boycott move request to 1977 Nestlé boycott by Piotrus was moved to 1977 Nestlé boycott by Mellohi! on 11 Apr 2022; discussion
* 05 Apr 2022 – Siegfried Lederer's escape from Auschwitz move request to Escape of Siegfried Lederer from Auschwitz by Utkarsh555 was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Ukraine genocide move request to Ukrainian genocide by Eurohunter was closed; discussion
* 28 Apr 2022 – The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia move request to The Holocaust in Croatia by Mr Reading Turtle was not moved; discussion
* 30 Apr 2022 – Stalin and antisemitism move request to Joseph Stalin and antisemitism by Mr Reading Turtle was moved to Joseph Stalin and antisemitism by Favonian on 07 May 2022; discussion
* 05 May 2022 – Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States move request to Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States by GeoffreyT2000 was moved to Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States; discussion
* 17 May 2022 – Remove Kebab move request to Serbia Strong by Avrand6 was moved to Serbia Strong; discussion
* 16 May 2022 – Great Replacement move request to Great Replacement conspiracy theory by Generalrelative was no consensus; discussion
* 17 May 2022 – Reverse sexism move request to Discrimination against men by Reprarina was no consensus; discussion
* 31 May 2022 – Reverse racism move request to Discrimination towards white people by Unnamed anon was closed by Paine Ellsworth on 01 Jun 2022; discussion
* 13 Jun 2022 – Violence against Muslims in India move request to Islamophobia and violence against Muslims in India by Panda619 was not moved; discussion
* 13 Jun 2022 – Racism in horror films move request to Race in horror films by Arcahaeoindris was moved to Race in horror films by Andrewa on 20 Jun 2022; discussion
* 25 Jul 2022 – Apartheid (crime) move request to Crime of apartheid by Iskandar323 was moved to Crime of apartheid by Robertsky on 09 Aug 2022; discussion
* 03 Aug 2022 – Porajmos move request to Romani Holocaust by TagaworShah was moved to Romani Holocaust by Usernamekiran on 10 Aug 2022; discussion
* 24 Jul 2022 – Israel and the apartheid analogy move request to Israel and apartheid by Onceinawhile was no consensus; discussion
* 07 Aug 2022 – Social stigma of obesity move request to Fat-shaming by Tazuco was not moved; discussion
* 28 Aug 2022 – Israel and the apartheid analogy move request to Israel and apartheid by Amakuru was closed; discussion
* 08 Sep 2022 – Zionist antisemitism move request to Antisemitism among supporters of Israel by Ploni was closed; discussion
* 14 Sep 2022 – Gender-based price discrimination in the United States move request to Gender-based price discrimination by Numberguy6 was no consensus; discussion
* 25 Sep 2022 – Nothing About Us Without Us move request to nothing about us without us by Arlo Barnes was moved to Nothing about us without us by Dekimasu on 02 Oct 2022; discussion
* 14 Oct 2022 – Central Park birdwatching incident move request to Central Park dogwalking incident by Rotideypoc41352 was closed to Central Park racial incident by Rotideypoc41352 on 12 Oct 2022; discussion
* 16 Oct 2022 – Working Definition of Antisemitism move request to IHRA definition of antisemitism by QueenofBithynia was closed to Working definition of antisemitism by Arbitrarily0 on 24 Oct 2022; discussion
* 03 Nov 2022 – Auschwitz trial move request to Auschwitz Trial by Shibbolethink was closed; discussion
* 03 Nov 2022 – Belsen trial move request to Belsen Trial by Shibbolethink was closed; discussion
* 03 Nov 2022 – Sobibor trial move request to Sobibor Trial by Shibbolethink was closed; discussion
* 13 Nov 2022 – Antisemitic canard move request to Antisemitic trope by Red Slash was closed; discussion
* 21 Nov 2022 – Racism against Black Americans move request to Racism against African Americans by Ricciardo Best was moved to Racism against African Americans by Mellohi! on 29 Nov 2022; discussion
* 19 Dec 2022 – Religious discrimination against neopagans move request to Religious descrimination against modern pagans by Ingwina was closed; discussion
* 20 Dec 2022 – 2022 FIFA World Cup controversies move request to List of 2022 FIFA World Cup controversies by TotallyJimmyFallon was moved to List of 2022 FIFA World Cup controversies; discussion
* 03 Jan 2023 – The Holocaust move request to Holocaust by Mast303 was closed; discussion
* 03 Jan 2023 – 2020–2023 United States racial unrest move request to 2020–2022 United States racial unrest by SusImposter49 was moved to 2020–2022 United States racial unrest; discussion
* 09 Jan 2023 – 1971 Bangladesh genocide move request to Bangladesh genocide by AMomen88 was moved to Bangladesh genocide by Mellohi! on 27 Jan 2023; discussion
* 09 Dec 2022 – Trans bashing move request to Transphobic violence by XTheBedrockX was moved to Violence against transgender people by Vpab15 on 29 Jan 2023; discussion
* 27 Jan 2023 – 2020–2022 United States racial unrest move request to 2020–2023 United States racial unrest by Minnemeeples was closed to 2020–2023 United States racial unrest; discussion
* 15 Feb 2023 – Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State move request to Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State by Iskandar323 was moved to Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State by BilledMammal on 03 Mar 2023; discussion
* 25 Feb 2023 – Domestic slave trade move request to Slave trade in the United States by Jengod was closed; discussion
* 12 Mar 2023 – Proslavery move request to Support for slavery by Red-tailed hawk was not moved; discussion
* 23 Mar 2023 – Penal Laws against Irish Catholics move request to Penal laws (Ireland) by Sirfurboy was moved to Penal laws (Ireland) by No such user on 31 Mar 2023; discussion
* 24 Mar 2023 – Chinaman (term) move request to Chinaman by Knightoftheswords281 was moved; discussion
* 25 Mar 2023 – Brown v. Board of Education move request to Brown v. Bd. of Educ. by Joesom333 was closed; discussion
* 01 Apr 2023 – 2021–2022 book banning in the United States move request to 2021–2023 book challenges in the United States by Aplucas0703 was no consensus; discussion
* 17 Apr 2023 – Proslavery move request to Proslavery thought by SomethingForDeletion was moved to Proslavery thought by Maddy from Celeste on 24 Apr 2023; discussion
* 10 May 2023 – Shooting of Michael Brown move request to Killing of Michael Brown by Muboshgu was moved; discussion
* 16 Jun 2023 – 2023 Anheuser-Busch boycott move request to 2023 Bud Light boycott by Deansfa was moved to 2023 Bud Light boycott; discussion
* 28 Jun 2023 – Sagamihara stabbings move request to Sagamihara massacre by GoatLord234 was not moved; discussion
* 04 Jul 2023 – 2021–2022 book banning in the United States move request to 2021–2023 book banning in the United States by BappleBusiness was moved to 2021–2023 book banning in the United States by SilverLocust on 06 Jul 2023; discussion
* 30 Jun 2023 – Nhlanhla "Lux" Dlamini move request to Nhlanhla Lux by Jlalbion was closed; discussion
* 03 Jul 2023 – Nahel Merzouk protests move request to 2023 French riots by Super Goku V was closed; discussion
* 08 Jul 2023 – MRAP (NGO) move request to Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples by Pppery was moved to MRAP (organization) by MaterialWorks on 16 Jul 2023; discussion
* 13 Jul 2023 – LGBT grooming conspiracy theory move request to Groomer (slur) by Denaar was not moved; discussion
* 18 Jul 2023 – Antisemitic laws in Romania move request to Antisemitism in Romania by Super Dromaeosaurus was moved to Antisemitism in Romania by Vpab15 on 26 Jul 2023; discussion
* 21 Jul 2023 – 2020–2023 United States racial unrest move request to United States racial unrest (2020–present) by WikipedianRevolutionary was moved to United States racial unrest (2020–present); discussion
* 01 Aug 2023 – 2023 Quran burnings in Sweden move request to 2023 Quran burnings in Sweden and Denmark by GnocchiFan was no consensus; discussion
* 04 Aug 2023 – Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine move request to Genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine by Mzajac was no consensus; discussion
* 08 Aug 2023 – Anti-Arabism move request to Anti-Arab sentiment by Iskandar323 was moved to Anti-Arab racism by ModernDayTrilobite on 24 Aug 2023; discussion
* 22 Aug 2023 – Reverse sexism move request to Discrimination against men by Panamitsu was closed; discussion
* 03 Sep 2023 – Zionism, race and genetics move request to Zionist views on Jewish origins by Selfstudier was closed to Race and genetics in Zionist ideology by Andrevan on 16 Sep 2023; discussion
* undated – Uyghur genocide move request was closed
* 28 Sep 2023 – Zionism, race and genetics move request to Zionism, race, and genetics by Tryptofish was closed; discussion
* 03 Sep 2023 – Stereotypes of East Asian Americans in the United States move request to Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States by TheMainLogan was moved to Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States; discussion
* 12 Oct 2023 – Apartheid move request to South Africa and apartheid by Catboy69 was closed; discussion
* 15 Oct 2023 – Religious Zionist Party move request to National Union–Tkuma by Braganza was closed; discussion
* 22 Oct 2023 – Israeli permit regime in the West Bank move request to Israeli permit regime in the Palestinian territories by GnocchiFan was not moved; discussion
* 24 Oct 2023 – Genocide against Palestinians move request to Israel and accusations of genocide by Andrevan was moved to Palestinian genocide accusation by Starship.paint on 31 Oct 2023; discussion
* 30 Oct 2023 – 2023 wave of antisemitism in the North Caucasus move request to 2023 North Caucasus anti-Jewish riots by Longhornsg was moved to 2023 antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus by Liz on 01 Nov 2023; discussion
* 26 Oct 2023 – Black genocide move request to Black genocide in the United States by GnocchiFan was moved to Black genocide in the United States by Illusion Flame on 02 Nov 2023; discussion
* 30 Oct 2023 – Genocide of Indigenous peoples move request to Genocide of indigenous peoples by Novem Linguae was not moved; discussion
* 13 Oct 2023 – Zionism, race and genetics move request to Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism by Andrevan was moved to Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism by Reading Beans on 07 Nov 2023; discussion
* 31 Oct 2023 – 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip move request by Iskandar323 was no consensus; discussion
* 24 Oct 2023 – Hate crimes related to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war move request to Violent crime in reaction to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by Iskandar323 was moved to Violent incidents in reaction to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by Reading Beans on 09 Nov 2023; discussion
* 05 Nov 2023 – Shooting of Jerame Reid move request to Killing of Jerame Reid by Inexpiable was moved to Killing of Jerame Reid by Estar8806 on 12 Nov 2023; discussion
* 07 Nov 2023 – Persecution of pagans under Theodosius I move request to Religious policies of Theodosius I by <IP_ADDRESS> was not moved; discussion
* 07 Nov 2023 – Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire move request to Religious policies in the late Roman Empire by <IP_ADDRESS> was not moved; discussion
* undated – Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine move request was closed
* 02 Dec 2023 – Racism in the Arab world move request to Arab racism by Marcocapelle was not moved; discussion
* 10 Dec 2023 – 2023 Quran burnings in Sweden move request to Quran burning crisis by GnocchiFan was not moved; discussion
* 30 Dec 2023 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel move request to Allegations of genocide during the Israel–Hamas war by GnocchiFan was not moved; discussion
* 30 Dec 2023 – 2023 Anti Rohingya Protest move request to Banda Aceh anti-Rohingya protest by CJ-Moki was moved to 2023 Banda Aceh anti-Rohingya protest by Robertsky on 07 Jan 2024; discussion
* 15 Dec 2023 – Holocaust victims move request to Victims of Nazi Germany by HadesTTW was no consensus; discussion
* 18 Jan 2024 – Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany move request to Persecution of gay men in Nazi Germany by Panamitsu was not moved; discussion
* 25 Jan 2024 – Pejorative move request to Slur by Aurangzebra was not moved; discussion
* 29 Jan 2024 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza move request to Allegations of genocide by Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by Natsuikomin was closed; discussion
* 31 Jan 2024 – Gender-critical feminism move request to Trans-exclusionary radical feminism by PBZE was closed; discussion
* 22 Jan 2024 – Uyghur genocide move request to Uyghur genocide accusation by Robertsky was closed; discussion
* 31 Jan 2024 – Weaponization of antisemitism move request by Longhornsg was no consensus; discussion
* 12 Jan 2024 – South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention) move request to South Africa's genocide case against Israel by Makeandtoss was closed; discussion
* 23 Feb 2024 – 2019 El Paso shooting move request to El Paso Walmart shooting by MountainDew20 was not moved; discussion
* 16 Feb 2024 – Frank Fay (comedian) move request to Frank Fay (American actor) by Roman Spinner was no consensus; discussion
* 25 Feb 2024 – Negrophobia move request to Anti-black sentiment by DarmaniLink was no consensus; discussion
* 05 Feb 2024 – Black Horror on the Rhine move request to Black horror on the Rhine by GnocchiFan was no consensus; discussion
* 29 Feb 2024 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza move request to Attempted genocide by Israel in their 2023 attack on Gaza by Davidlofgren1996 was not moved; discussion
* 25 Mar 2024 – Death of David Oluwale move request to David Oluwale by Cl3phact0 was not moved; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Blockade of the Gaza Strip move request to Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip by Makeandtoss was not moved; discussion
* 21 Apr 2024 – Native American genocide in the United States move request to Persecution of Native Americans by KlayCax was closed; discussion
* 22 Apr 2024 – South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention) move request to South Africa v. Israel by SomethingForDeletion was moved to South Africa's genocide case against Israel by Amakuru on 30 Apr 2024; discussion
* 11 Apr 2024 – 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip move request to Blockade of the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war by Elli was not moved; discussion
* 26 Apr 2024 – April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses in the United States move request by ElijahPepe was moved to 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses by ARandomName123 on 02 May 2024; discussion
* 04 Mar 2024 – Afrophobia move request to Anti-black sentiment by DarmaniLink was no consensus; discussion
* 27 Apr 2024 – Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine move request to Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russo-Ukrainian War by Parham wiki was moved to Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russo-Ukrainian War by LilianaUwU on 06 May 2024; discussion
* 21 Apr 2024 – Weaponization of antisemitism move request to Weaponization of antisemitism accusations by Selfstudier was closed; discussion
* 09 May 2024 – Template:Slavery move request to Unfree labor by SMcCandlish was moved to Template:Forced labour by Asukite on 17 May 2024; discussion
* 13 May 2024 – Negrophobia move request to Anti-Black sentiment by Alexanderkowal was moved to Anti-Black sentiment by BilledMammal on 21 May 2024; discussion
* 13 May 2024 – Afrophobia move request to Anti-African sentiment by Alexanderkowal was moved to Anti-African sentiment by Kiwiz1338 on 22 May 2024; discussion
* 18 May 2024 – Queer erasure move request to LGBT erasure by MikutoH was not moved; discussion
* 13 May 2024 – 2023 Bud Light boycott move request to Bud Light boycott by TarkusAB was moved to Bud Light boycott by BilledMammal on 02 Jun 2024; discussion
* 12 Jun 2024 – 9/12 move request to 9/12 (podcast) by LilianaUwU was closed; discussion
* 08 Jun 2024 – Anti-Americanism move request to Anti-American sentiment by Alexanderkowal was not moved; discussion
* 22 Jun 2024 – Anti-Europeanism move request to Anti-European sentiment by Alexanderkowal was no consensus; discussion
* 03 May 2024 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza move request by Paul Vaurie was moved to Gaza genocide by Joe Roe on 03 Jul 2024; discussion
* 02 Jul 2024 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel move request to Allegations of genocide in the 7 October attacks by MWQs was closed; discussion
* 25 May 2024 – Genocide of Indigenous peoples move request to Genocide of indigenous peoples by SMcCandlish was moved to Genocide of indigenous peoples by Red Slash on 10 Jul 2024; discussion
CfD
* 27 Dec 2016 – Category:Fictional Nazis CfDed by Atvica was closed; discussion
* 14 Jan 2017 – Category:Opposition to Christianity in the Middle East CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 27 Jan 2017 – Category:Slaves from Réunion CfDed by BrownHairedGirl was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2017 – Category:Nazis killed in action CfDed by Kierzek was closed; discussion
* 17 Mar 2017 – Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 28 Apr 2017 – Category:Anti-racist organizations in Israel CfDed by Od Mishehu AWB was closed; discussion
* 14 Jul 2017 – Category:SS soldiers CfDed by K.e.coffman was closed; discussion
* 04 Jul 2017 – Category:Persecution by atheists CfDed by K.e.coffman was closed; discussion
* 11 Sep 2017 – Category:Opponents of affirmative action CfDed by Mr. Guye was closed; discussion
* 13 Sep 2017 – Category:Ottoman slaves CfDed by Tom.Reding was closed; discussion
* 09 Oct 2017 – Category:Slave characters in video games CfDed by JDDJS was closed; discussion
* 02 Mar 2018 – Category:Black Power CfDed by Anomalous+0 was closed; discussion
* 07 Sep 2018 – Category:People associated with the history of African-American civil rights CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 12 Oct 2018 – Category:White Power CfDed by Doug Weller was closed; discussion
* 08 Nov 2018 – Category:Late Modern history of Christianity CfDed by Chicbyaccident was closed; discussion
* 28 Nov 2018 – Category:Slaves of the Ottoman Empire CfDed by BrownHairedGirl was closed; discussion
* 05 Feb 2019 – Category:Discrimination against Muslims CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 08 Jan 2019 – Category:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 05 Feb 2019 – Category:New Century Foundation CfDed by JzG was closed; discussion
* 09 Mar 2019 – Category:African-American civil rights movement (1954–68) CfDed by Mitchumch was closed; discussion
* 23 Mar 2019 – Category:Anti-Christian sentiment CfDed by Feminist was closed; discussion
* 04 May 2019 – Category:Anti-Islam CfDed by Feminist was closed; discussion
* 15 Jun 2019 – Category:Jewish South African anti-apartheid activists CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2019 – Category:Persecution by ethnic group CfDed by Anomalous+0 was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2019 – Category:Islamophobia CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2019 – Category:Anti-Islam sentiment CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 24 Aug 2019 – Category:Scientific racism CfDed by HRKent444 was closed; discussion
* 27 Aug 2019 – Category:Misogynistic slurs CfDed by Zxcvbnm was closed; discussion
* 30 Aug 2019 – Category:Anti-European and anti-white slurs CfDed by Doug Weller was closed; discussion
* 05 Sep 2019 – Category:Sexuality and gender-related slurs CfDed by Zxcvbnm was closed; discussion
* 03 Aug 2019 – Category:Trans-exclusionary radical feminism CfDed by JzG was closed; discussion
* 31 Oct 2019 – Category:Trans-exclusionary radical feminism CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 10 Nov 2019 – Category:Nazi war criminals released early from prison CfDed by Clarityfiend was closed; discussion
* 14 Feb 2020 – Category:Sex- or gender-related stereotypes CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 05 Jan 2020 – Category:New Century Foundation CfDed by JzG was closed; discussion
* 02 Feb 2020 – Category:Transgender rights by region CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 15 Apr 2020 – Category:Trans-exclusionary radical feminism CfDed by JzG was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2020 – Category:Anti-European and anti-white slurs CfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 20 May 2020 – Category:Pejorative terms for European people CfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 23 May 2020 – Category:Nazi leaders CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Lüneburg CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Flensburg CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Nuremberg CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Berlin CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazi architects CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazi judges CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazi lawyers CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2020 – Category:LGBT Nazis CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Belgium CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Brazil CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Czechoslovakia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in France CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Hungary CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Lithuania CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Norway CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Poland CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Romania CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in the Netherlands CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 14 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in Germany by method CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 04 Jul 2020 – Category:Prejudice against LGBT people CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 14 Jun 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by location CfDed by Rathfelder was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2020 – Category:LGBT people in the Nazi Party CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2020 – Category:Judges in the Nazi Party CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2020 – Category:Architects in the Nazi Party CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 30 Jul 2020 – Category:Nazis in comic book fiction CfDed by Fayenatic london was closed; discussion
* 28 Oct 2020 – Category:Interracial romance in fiction CfDed by JDDJS was closed; discussion
* 30 Jul 2020 – Category:Nazis in comic book fiction CfDed by Fayenatic london was closed; discussion
* 28 Nov 2020 – Category:International opponents of apartheid in South Africa CfDed by RevelationDirect was closed; discussion
* 20 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by method CfDed by William Allen Simpson was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by cyanide poisoning CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by cyanide poisoning in Germany CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by explosive device CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by firearm CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by firearm in Germany CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by hanging CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 30 Dec 2020 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide by hanging in Germany CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 02 Jan 2021 – Category:2020 United States racial unrest CfDed by Love of Corey was closed; discussion
* 19 Jan 2021 – Category:Persecution of Sami people CfDed by IceWelder was closed; discussion
* 25 Feb 2021 – Category:Persecution of Azerbaijanis during the First Nagorno-Karabakh war CfDed by Steverci was closed; discussion
* 25 Mar 2021 – Category:Anti-catholicism in Austria CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 12 Apr 2021 – Category:2020–2021 United States racial unrest CfDed by Love of Corey was closed; discussion
* 04 May 2021 – Category:Discrimination against Neopagans CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 25 May 2021 – Category:Anti-Armenian pogroms CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 29 May 2021 – Category:Documentary films about the Armenian Genocide CfDed by Dicklyon was closed; discussion
* 22 Jun 2021 – Category:Reich Main Security Office personnel CfDed by Diannaa was closed; discussion
* 05 Jul 2021 – Category:Lebanese Holocaust deniers CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 05 Jul 2021 – Category:Polish Holocaust deniers CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 23 Aug 2021 – Category:Islamophobia CfDed by Johnpacklambert was closed; discussion
* 14 Aug 2021 – Category:Anti-Muslim sentiment CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 05 Sep 2021 – Category:White savior films CfDed by JDDJS was closed; discussion
* 10 Aug 2021 – Category:Opposition to Islam by continent CfDed by Mvbaron was closed; discussion
* 11 Aug 2021 – Category:Opposition to Islam in Australia CfDed by 1234qwer1234qwer4 was closed; discussion
* 11 Aug 2021 – Category:Opposition to Islam in Asia CfDed by 1234qwer1234qwer4 was closed; discussion
* 23 Dec 2021 – Category:Political parties with anti-Turkish sentiment CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 23 Dec 2021 – Category:Anti-Turkism CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 24 Oct 2021 – Category:Anti-Catholic organizations CfDed by Mvbaron was closed; discussion
* 05 Feb 2022 – Category:Anti-Turkish sentiment CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism by continent CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism in the United States CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 15 Jul 2022 – Category:Anti-Muslim sentiment CfDed by Brandmeister was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism in Europe CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 18 Apr 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism in North America CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 25 May 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism in Africa CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 20 Sep 2022 – Category:Slaves of the Ottoman Empire CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 21 Sep 2022 – Category:Anti-immigration activism CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 19 Oct 2022 – Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 19 Oct 2022 – Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by the Soviet Union CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 04 Nov 2022 – Category:Islamophobia in North America CfDed by Iskandar323 was closed; discussion
* 13 Nov 2022 – Category:Anti-white racism CfDed by Liz was closed; discussion
* 09 Dec 2022 – Category:Video games about slavery CfDed by Qwerfjkl was closed; discussion
* 29 Dec 2022 – Category:Violence against Aboriginal Australians CfDed by Mitch Ames was closed; discussion
* 12 Jan 2023 – Category:Stereotypes of East Asians CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 13 Jan 2023 – Category:National Council of European Resistance CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 11 Feb 2023 – Category:Cultural depictions of Adolf Hitler CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 23 Feb 2023 – Category:Biographical films about Adolf Hitler CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 06 Mar 2023 – Category:Lithuanian neo-Nazis CfDed by Estopedist1 was closed; discussion
* 07 Mar 2023 – Category:Genocide and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine CfDed by ElliAWB was closed; discussion
* 06 Apr 2023 – Category:Slave traders CfDed by Laurel Lodged was closed; discussion
* 06 Apr 2023 – Category:Slave owners CfDed by Laurel Lodged was closed; discussion
* 19 Apr 2023 – Category:Fictional left-handed character CfDed by Ferret was closed; discussion
* 23 Mar 2023 – Category:Anti-white racism CfDed by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 23 Mar 2023 – Category:Anti-white racism in the United States CfDed by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 14 May 2023 – Category:Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe CfDed by Piotrus was closed; discussion
* 28 Apr 2023 – Category:Nazis who committed suicide in prison custody CfDed by Qwerfjkl was closed; discussion
* 01 Jul 2023 – Category:Russian political prisoners CfDed by Nederlandse Leeuw was closed; discussion
* 19 Jul 2023 – Category:Rape films CfDed by NinjaRobotPirate was closed; discussion
* 28 Jul 2023 – Category:Hindu nationalist terrorism CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 10 Aug 2023 – Category:Far-right terrorism CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 08 Aug 2023 – Category:Russian political prisoners CfDed by Nederlandse Leeuw was closed; discussion
* 27 Aug 2023 – Category:Persecution of Turkic peoples CfDed by Nederlandse Leeuw was closed; discussion
* 12 Sep 2023 – Category:Slaves CfDed by Pigsonthewing was closed; discussion
* 16 Sep 2023 – Category:Racially motivated violence against European Americans CfDed by Bohemian Baltimore was closed; discussion
* 11 Sep 2023 – Category:Sexism in the Arab world CfDed by Nederlandse Leeuw was closed; discussion
* 15 Sep 2023 – Category:Christian abolitionists CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 12 Nov 2023 – Category:Slaves of the Buyid dynasty CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 23 Nov 2023 – Category:Black slave owners in the United States CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 02 Dec 2023 – Category:Anti-racism in the Arab world CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 02 Dec 2023 – Category:Arab anti-racism activists CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 02 Dec 2023 – Category:Discrimination in the Arab world CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 12 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in the Arab world CfDed by HouseBlaster was closed; discussion
* 12 Dec 2023 – Category:Racism in the Arab world CfDed by HouseBlaster was closed; discussion
* 15 Dec 2023 – Category:Discrimination in the former Soviet Union CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Argentina CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Canada CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Estonia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Ethiopia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in France CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in the Gambia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Greece CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Iceland CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Latvia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Lithuania CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Malaysia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Morocco CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2023 – Category:Sexism in Senegal CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Ageism in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Anti-LGBT sentiment in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Antisemitism in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Racism in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Discrimination in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Racism in television CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Eugenics in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 21 Dec 2023 – Category:Apartheid in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 22 Dec 2023 – Category:Slavery in fiction CfDed by LaundryPizza03 was closed; discussion
* 20 Dec 2023 – Category:Members of the Galizien division CfDed by Mzajac was closed; discussion
* 07 Jan 2024 – Category:Fictional Holocaust survivors CfDed by 2A01:36D:1200:4638:552E:44EC:5740:4CD3 was closed; discussion
* 20 Jan 2024 – Category:Discrimination in Trinidad and Tobago CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 20 Jan 2024 – Category:Centers for the study of antisemitism CfDed by Longhornsg was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2024 – Category:Anti-Armenianism in Azerbaijan CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2024 – Category:Anti-Armenianism in Turkey CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2024 – Category:Anti-Armenianism in Europe CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2024 – Category:Anti-Armenianism CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 06 Feb 2024 – Category:Anti-Armenianism in Asia CfDed by Place Clichy was closed; discussion
* 09 Feb 2024 – Category:Women slaves CfDed by HouseBlaster was closed; discussion
* 09 Feb 2024 – Category:Women slave owners CfDed by HouseBlaster was closed; discussion
* 03 Apr 2024 – Category:Transgender genocide CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 02 Apr 2024 – Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms by Muslims 1941-49 CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in El Salvador CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Germany CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Honduras CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Liberia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Mexico CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Russia CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Category:Sexism in Sudan CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 04 Apr 2024 – Category:19th-century slave owners CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 04 Apr 2024 – Category:18th-century slave owners CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 04 Apr 2024 – Category:Slave owners by century CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 10 Apr 2024 – Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms by Muslims CfDed by Namiba was closed; discussion
* 16 Apr 2024 – Category:Songs against racism and xenophobia CfDed by Piotrus was closed; discussion
* 28 Apr 2024 – Category:Antisemitism by region CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 26 Mar 2024 – Category:Anti-Zionism by former country CfDed by Marcocapelle was closed; discussion
* 24 Apr 2024 – Category:Nazi Germany ministers CfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 25 May 2024 – Category:Middle Eastern anti-racism activists CfDed by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
PROD
* 17 Mar 2017 – Bigotry PRODed by Holy Goo was redirected to prejudice
* 30 Apr 2017 – Stereotypes of Germans PRODed by Clipname was deproded by DGG on 05 May 2017
* 30 May 2017 – The Felony Checkbox PRODed by Jleedev was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Felony_Checkbox deleted]
* 02 Jul 2017 – School segregation in the United States PRODed by ToThAc was deproded by Malik Shabazz on 03 Jul 2017
* 25 Jul 2017 – Xenophobia in Malaysia PRODed by Immigrant laborer was deproded by Andrew Davidson on 30 Jul 2017
* 30 Jan 2018 – Chicago Blackhawks name and logo controversy PRODed by Blackguard SF was deproded by Aspects on 31 Jan 2018
* 13 Mar 2018 – True Blue Crew PRODed by Bacondrum was deproded by <IP_ADDRESS> on 17 Mar 2018
* 08 Dec 2018 – Racism in Zimbabwe PRODed by 2602:30A:C006:1370:340D:381D:6A14:E31F was deproded by MShabazz on 09 Dec 2018
* 30 Mar 2019 – The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City PRODed by Mitchumch was deproded by Phil Bridger on 31 Mar 2019
* 19 Sep 2019 – Racism in South Africa PRODed by Untrammeled was deproded by Phil Bridger on 20 Sep 2019
* 28 Dec 2019 – Angry white male PRODed by <IP_ADDRESS> was deproded by 2A02:A445:BEE3:1:7C27:B4CF:8FE6:4F93 on 28 Dec 2019
* 05 Jan 2020 – The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City PRODed by Ergo Sum was deproded by Arms & Hearts on 06 Jan 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – Tyree Scott Freedom School PRODed by Premeditated Chaos was deproded by Grand'mere Eugene on 16 Jun 2020
* 20 Jun 2020 – Aurat Foundation PRODed by GorgeCustersSabre was deproded by Kvng on 20 Jun 2020
* 06 Jul 2020 – Dislocation of Sámi people from Jukkasjärvi and Karesuando PRODed by Pudeo was deproded by Wham2001 on 07 Jul 2020
* 09 Sep 2020 – Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism PRODed by Anhaabaete was deproded by <IP_ADDRESS> on 10 Sep 2020
* 20 Sep 2020 – Institutionalized discrimination in the United States PRODed by Onel5969 was deproded by AleatoryPonderings on 23 Sep 2020
* 27 Feb 2021 – Tammie Teclemariam PRODed by Truthismine was deproded by Aspects on 03 Mar 2021
* 08 Jun 2021 – Appalachian stereotypes PRODed by 2603:7000:8440:7100:20A1:C6E2:DC8A:9A15 was deproded by SailingInABathTub on 08 Jun 2021
* 12 Dec 2021 – Discrimination against drug addicts PRODed by Politically Minded Stoner was deproded by Aspects on 14 Dec 2021
* 17 Dec 2021 – Homosexual Trials of Frankfurt PRODed by Asilvering was deproded by Tautomers on 20 Dec 2021
* 21 Aug 2022 – Law Enforcement Agency Resource Network PRODed by Iskandar323 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Law_Enforcement_Agency_Resource_Network deleted]
* 04 Nov 2022 – Chiriseri test PRODed by Maddy from Celeste was deproded by Nenerue on 09 Nov 2022
* 22 Nov 2022 – The Impeachment of Man PRODed by Bri was redirected to Savitri Devi
* 24 Apr 2023 – Labour relations in women's association football PRODed by UtherSRG was deproded by Seany91 on 24 Apr 2023
* 22 May 2023 – Pasadena City Board of Education v. Spangler PRODed by Watch Atlas791 was deproded by Extraordinary Writ on 23 May 2023
* 25 Jun 2023 – Nhlanhla "Lux" Dlamini PRODed by AusLondonder was deproded by Greenman on 25 Jun 2023
* 10 Nov 2023 – Ukrainian Military Doctrine PRODed by Polyamorph was redirected to The Military Doctrine of Ukrainian Nationalists by Mzajac on 11 Nov 2023
* 10 Jan 2024 – Prohibition of Discrimination in Products, Services and Entry into Places of Entertainment and Public Places Law, 2000 PRODed by DMH43 was deproded by Marokwitz on 11 Jan 2024
* 25 Apr 2024 – Human-oriented sexualism PRODed by StarTrekker was deproded by Skyshifter on 25 Apr 2024
* 29 May 2024 – Jennifer Cramblett incident PRODed by Daniel was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jennifer_Cramblett_incident deleted]
PR
* 08 May 2017 – HIAG put up for PR by K.e.coffman was closed; discussion
* 27 Jul 2018 – Anti-Russian sentiment put up for PR by Turaids was closed; discussion
* 31 Aug 2018 – Bratislava Working Group put up for PR by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2019 – George Washington and slavery put up for PR by Factotem was closed; discussion
* 20 Jul 2019 – Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party put up for PR by Bellowhead678 was closed; discussion
* 22 Oct 2020 – Iron March put up for PR by Jlevi was closed; discussion
* 10 Feb 2021 – Armenian Genocide denial put up for PR by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 30 Apr 2021 – Racism in Europe put up for PR by 2A00:23C6:1406:4E00:F47A:85DD:5379:824C was closed; discussion
* 06 Jun 2021 – Racism in the UK Conservative Party put up for PR by Bangalamania was closed; discussion
* 10 Feb 2021 – Armenian Genocide denial put up for PR by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 14 Feb 2023 – Criminalization of homosexuality put up for PR by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 22 Apr 2023 – Billy Strachan put up for PR by The History Wizard of Cambridge was closed; discussion
* 19 May 2023 – Phoolan Devi put up for PR by Mujinga was closed; discussion
* 04 Sep 2023 – Makwerekwere put up for PR by FuzzyMagma was closed; discussion
* 18 Nov 2023 – Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume put up for PR by Davest3r08 was closed; discussion
TfD
* 31 Oct 2017 – Template:Southern nationalism sidebar TfDed by Power~enwiki was closed; discussion
* 11 Sep 2019 – Template:Islamophobia by country TfDed by Pudeo was closed; discussion
* 10 Jun 2020 – Template:Campaignbox George Floyd protests TfDed by Rhododendrites was closed; discussion
* 14 May 2022 – Template:Anti-cultural sentiment TfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2023 – Template:Persecution with skin color TfDed by Rsk6400 was closed; discussion
* 23 Jun 2023 – Template:Slur TfDed by Jonesey95 was closed; discussion
MfD
* 09 Nov 2017 – Draft:Catalan Racism MfDed by NewYorkActuary was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aCatalan_Racism delete] by Premeditated Chaos on 26 Nov 2017; discussion
* 13 Jul 2018 – Draft:Mrzilačke grupe MfDed by Mr. Guye was closed as keep by Premeditated Chaos on 22 Jul 2018; discussion
* 31 Mar 2019 – Portal:Islamophobia MfDed by Legacypac was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Portal%3aIslamophobia delete] by Premeditated Chaos on 07 Apr 2019; discussion
* 23 May 2019 – Portal:Discrimination MfDed by Guilherme Burn was closed as [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Portal%3aDiscrimination delete] by Premeditated Chaos on 30 May 2019; discussion
* 01 Feb 2021 – Draft:List of hate groups in Australia and New Zealand MfDed by Bacondrum was closed as keep by Explicit on 11 Feb 2021; discussion
FAC
* 23 Oct 2017 – Washington Redskins name controversy FA nominated by WriterArtistDC was not promoted; discussion
* 02 Feb 2018 – Black Death FA nominated by In Memoriam A.H.H. was not promoted; discussion
* 21 Apr 2018 – HIAG FA nominated by K.e.coffman was not promoted; discussion
* 01 Aug 2018 – Algorithmic bias FA nominated by Owlsmcgee was not promoted; discussion
* 01 Nov 2018 – Working Group (resistance organization) FA nominated by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 12 Jan 2019 – Escape of Viktor Pestek and Siegfried Lederer from Auschwitz FA nominated by Buidhe was promoted; discussion
* 05 Jan 2020 – The Holocaust in Slovakia FA nominated by Buidhe was not promoted; discussion
* 15 Feb 2020 – George Washington and slavery FA nominated by Factotem was promoted; discussion
* 15 Apr 2020 – The Holocaust in Slovakia FA nominated by Buidhe was promoted; discussion
* 28 Feb 2021 – Armenian Genocide denial FA nominated by Buidhe was promoted; discussion
* 17 Jun 2021 – Armenian genocide FA nominated by Buidhe was not promoted; discussion
* 27 Oct 2021 – Armenian genocide FA nominated by Buidhe was promoted; discussion
* 11 Feb 2022 – Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany FA nominated by Buidhe was promoted; discussion
* 31 May 2023 – Billy Strachan FA nominated by The History Wizard of Cambridge was not promoted; discussion
* 27 Sep 2023 – Phoolan Devi FA nominated by Mujinga was promoted; discussion
RfD
* 23 Jan 2018 – I am not a racist →Racial views of Donald Trump RfDed by Tavix was closed; discussion
* 23 Jan 2018 – "I am not a racist" →Racial views of Donald Trump RfDed by Tavix was closed; discussion
* 05 Aug 2018 – Hard right →Far-right politics RfDed by Mr. Guye was closed; discussion
* 01 Sep 2018 – Blaming the jews →Antisemitism RfDed by Seraphim System was closed
* 10 Sep 2018 – Miscellaneous far right →Far-right politics RfDed by Mr. Guye was closed
* 01 Aug 2019 – Israel protest →July 2019 Ethiopian Jews protest in Israel RfDed by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 20 Apr 2020 – Cultural insensitivity →Cultural racism RfDed by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 20 Apr 2020 – Culturally insensitive →Cultural racism RfDed by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 05 Jun 2020 – George Floyd (killed African-American) →George Floyd RfDed by Coffeeandcrumbs was closed; discussion
* 17 Jun 2020 – GF protests →George Floyd protests RfDed by Soumya-8974 was closed; discussion
* 17 Jun 2020 – Floydian protests →George Floyd protests RfDed by Soumya-8974 was closed; discussion
* 21 Jun 2020 – Occupy Paedophilia →Violence against LGBT people RfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 24 Jun 2020 – The talk (parenting) →The talk (racism in the US) RfDed by Tbhotch was closed; discussion
* 18 Jan 2021 – Joganosh →List of ethnic slurs RfDed by Hog Farm was closed; discussion
* 19 Jan 2021 – Ajront →List of ethnic slurs RfDed by Hog Farm was closed; discussion
* 28 Jul 2021 – Postmodern Neo-Marxism →Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory RfDed by Antiquark was closed; discussion
* 17 Aug 2021 – Canadophile →Canada RfDed by 2409:4061:2D1D:B8B8:804A:E54A:78DB:CEFE was closed; discussion
* 21 Oct 2021 – Nigger toes →Brazil nut RfDed by NK1406 was closed; discussion
* undated – Jews-non-Aryans →Final Solution RfDed was closed
* 16 Apr 2022 – Get the L Out →Feminist views on transgender topics RfDed by Firefangledfeathers was closed; discussion
* 20 Oct 2022 – Violence against trannies →Violence against LGBT people RfDed by Pilaz was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2022 – Anti-white racism →Category:Anti-white racism RfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2022 – Anti white racism →Reverse racism RfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 04 Oct 2022 – Racism against white people →Category:Anti-white racism RfDed by Sangdeboeuf was closed; discussion
* 27 Oct 2022 – Kenneth Clark (psychologist →Kenneth and Mamie Clark RfDed by Steel1943 was closed; discussion
* 24 Sep 2023 – Leigh Chappell →Montgomery Riverfront brawl RfDed by Edward-Woodrow was closed; discussion
* 28 Sep 2023 – Chase Shipman →Montgomery Riverfront brawl RfDed by Ivanvector was closed; discussion
* 13 Oct 2023 – Palestinian genocide →Genocide against Palestinians RfDed by Sj was closed; discussion
* 14 Oct 2023 – Yoann beaudry →Slavery RfDed by Skarmory was closed; discussion
* 17 Jan 2024 – Gaza genocide →Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza RfDed by The sum of all human knowledge was closed; discussion
* 04 Feb 2024 – BLM race riots →George Floyd protests RfDed by Cremastra was closed; discussion
* undated – Need Not Apply →Racial discrimination RfDed was closed
* undated – ...Need Not Apply →Racial discrimination RfDed was closed
GTC
* 06 Apr 2018 – Radio 1 Madonna controversy GT nominated by IndianBio was closed; discussion
ACR
* 13 Sep 2018 – Escape of Viktor Pestek and Siegfried Lederer from Auschwitz put up for A-Class review by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* 21 Jan 2019 – The Holocaust in Slovakia put up for A-Class review by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 29 Dec 2018 – Working Group (resistance organization) put up for A-Class review by Catrìona was closed; discussion
* undated – The Holocaust in Slovakia put up for A-Class review was closed
* undated – Armenian Genocide put up for A-Class review was closed
* undated – Armenian genocide put up for A-Class review was closed
* undated – Kirk–Holden war put up for A-Class review was closed
GAR
* 06 Dec 2018 – Racial wage gap in the United States nominated for GA reassessment by Ethanpet113 was closed; discussion
* 10 May 2020 – John Chrysostom nominated for GA reassessment by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 10 May 2020 – John Chrysostom nominated for GA reassessment by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 31 Jan 2023 – Persecution of Zoroastrians nominated for GA reassessment by Iskandar323 was closed; discussion
* 09 Apr 2023 – Acting white nominated for GA reassessment by Onegreatjoke was closed; discussion
* 26 Dec 2023 – McCarthyism nominated for GA reassessment by AirshipJungleman29 was closed; discussion
* 04 Jan 2024 – Water supply and sanitation in the United States nominated for GA reassessment by Hog Farm was closed; discussion
* 01 May 2024 – 2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka nominated for GA reassessment by 48JCL was closed; discussion
MRG
* 17 Mar 2019 – Nazism and race proposed for merging to Racial policy of Nazi Germany by CLCStudent was closed; discussion
* 23 May 2019 – Ethnic hatred proposed for merging to Sociology of race and ethnic relations by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 03 Apr 2019 – Upsilon Sigma Phi leaks scandal proposed for merging to Upsilon Sigma Phi by Naraht was closed; discussion
* 01 Aug 2019 – Genocide proposed for merging to List of genocides by death toll by FocusinJabotito was closed; discussion
* 18 Aug 2019 – New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship (conference) proposed for merging to Polish Center for Holocaust Research by MyMoloboaccount was closed; discussion
* 30 Sep 2019 – Left-wing antisemitism proposed for merging to Antisemitism by Jontel was closed; discussion
* 23 Jun 2018 – Gender-based price discrimination in the United States proposed for merging to pink tax by Joy was closed; discussion
* 06 Jan 2019 – Pink tax proposed for merging to Gender-based price discrimination in the United States by HickoryOughtShirt?4 was closed; discussion
* 11 Nov 2019 – Black legend proposed for merging to Black legend (Spain) by Mauls was closed; discussion
* 25 Sep 2018 – Ableism in Canada proposed for merging to Ableism by Rosguill was closed; discussion
* 15 Nov 2018 – Compulsory sterilization in Canada proposed for merging to Sterilization of Native American women by CorbieVreccan was closed; discussion
* 22 Nov 2019 – Armstrong High School (Washington, D.C.) proposed for merging to Friendship Armstrong Academy by Doncram was closed; discussion
* 27 Dec 2019 – Hipster racism proposed for merging to Hipster (contemporary subculture) by Llakew18 was closed; discussion
* 22 Feb 2020 – Call-out culture proposed for merging to Online shaming by PaleoNeonate was closed; discussion
* 18 Feb 2019 – Antisemitism in Europe proposed for merging to Antisemitism in 21st-century France by Laterthanyouthink was closed; discussion
* 30 May 2020 – George Floyd protests proposed for merging to Twin Cities riots by Love of Corey was closed; discussion
* 04 Jun 2020 – George Floyd proposed for merging to Killing of George Floyd by Nafsadh was closed; discussion
* 21 Aug 2019 – Homosexuality and hip hop culture proposed for merging to LGBTQ representations in hip hop music by Genericusername57 was closed; discussion
* 11 Feb 2020 – Moderate Muslim proposed for merging to moderation in Islam by Tomastvivlaren was closed; discussion
* 21 Aug 2020 – LGBT ideology proposed for merging to anti-LGBT rhetoric by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 27 Dec 2019 – Hipster sexism proposed for merging to Hipster (contemporary subculture) by Llakew18 was closed; discussion
* 02 Sep 2020 – 2020 United States racial reckoning proposed for merging to 2020 United States racial unrest by Timothy19 was closed; discussion
* 15 Oct 2020 – 2020 United States racial reckoning proposed for merging to 2020 United States racial unrest by Struthious Bandersnatch was closed; discussion
* 23 Oct 2020 – Racism in North America proposed for merging to Racism in Mexico by Telsho was closed; discussion
* 03 Oct 2020 – Sambo (racial term) proposed for merging to List of ethnic slurs by DaneGeld was closed; discussion
* 03 Oct 2020 – Sambo (racial term) proposed for merging to List of ethnic slurs by DaneGeld was closed; discussion
* 21 Aug 2020 – LGBT ideology proposed for merging to anti-LGBT rhetoric by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 13 Oct 2020 – Committee of 300 proposed for merging to List of conspiracy theories by Symmachus Auxiliarus was closed; discussion
* 13 Jun 2020 – Race in the United States criminal justice system proposed for merging to Race and crime in the United States by Snooganssnoogans was closed; discussion
* 16 Dec 2020 – Mullivaikkal massacre proposed for merging to War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War by 2601:600:10D:CA0:467:F0BC:D333:7D2B was closed; discussion
* 03 Jun 2020 – Because They Hate proposed for merging to Brigitte Gabriel by Neils51 was closed; discussion
* 21 Oct 2020 – Permatemp proposed for merging to Labour hire by Onel5969 was closed; discussion
* 04 Jan 2021 – Atlanta Braves tomahawk chop and name controversy proposed for merging to Tomahawk chop by Elizium23 was closed; discussion
* 04 Jun 2021 – Israel and Islamophobia proposed for merging to Racism in Israel by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 25 Dec 2020 – Clannism proposed for merging to Clan by Klbrain was closed; discussion
* 18 May 2021 – Nigger Love a Watermelon, Ha! Ha! Ha! proposed for merging to Turkey in the Straw by Joe Roe was closed; discussion
* 02 Aug 2021 – Reverse racism proposed for merging to Reverse discrimination by Yuotort was closed; discussion
* 30 Oct 2021 – Maplewashing proposed for merging to Racism in Canada by CASalt was closed; discussion
* 17 Mar 2021 – Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia proposed for merging to Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia by Amanuensis Balkanicus was closed; discussion
* 23 Nov 2021 – Race and crime proposed for merging to Race and crime in the United States by Hemiauchenia was closed; discussion
* 25 Feb 2021 – Destruction of Kashmiri Shias proposed for merging to Kashmiri Muslims by TrangaBellam was closed; discussion
* 02 Nov 2021 – Racism on the Internet proposed for merging to Online hate speech by PhotographyEdits was closed; discussion
* 25 Dec 2020 – Clannism proposed for merging to Clan by Klbrain was closed; discussion
* 12 Jan 2021 – Regional discrimination in China proposed for merging to Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 30 Mar 2022 – Intersectional environmentalism proposed for merging to Environmental justice by WikiDan61 was closed; discussion
* 17 May 2022 – Reverse sexism proposed for merging to Sexism by Felix QW was closed; discussion
* 24 Jun 2021 – Stereotype fit hypothesis proposed for merging to Role congruity theory by Brinerat was closed; discussion
* 07 Oct 2021 – Transmisogyny proposed for merging to Trans woman by Equivamp was closed; discussion
* 17 Jan 2022 – Gay bashing proposed for merging to Violence against LGBT people by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 17 Jul 2022 – Transgender genocide proposed for merging to Violence against LGBT people by Mhawk10 was closed; discussion
* 11 May 2022 – Settler colonialism proposed for merging to Zionism as settler colonialism by Loew Galitz was closed; discussion
* 19 Sep 2022 – Gallic genocide proposed for merging to Gallic Wars by CaptainEek was closed; discussion
* 05 Apr 2023 – Luna Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools proposed for merging to Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools by Smasongarrison was closed; discussion
* 07 Jan 2023 – Feminist views on transgender topics proposed for merging to TERF by XTheBedrockX was closed; discussion
* 12 Feb 2023 – Anusim proposed for merging to Crypto-Judaism by Midrashah was closed; discussion
* 02 May 2023 – Whitewashing in film proposed for merging to Color-blind_casting by RustlingLeaves was closed; discussion
* 29 Jun 2023 – Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina proposed for merging to Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard by Edge3 was closed; discussion
* 06 Jul 2023 – Stereotypes in Punch-Out!! proposed for merging to List of Punch-Out!! characters by Zxcvbnm was closed; discussion
* 15 Apr 2023 – Genocide of the Ingrian Finns proposed for merging to Deportations of the Ingrian Finns by Aachenshinto was closed; discussion
* 21 Jul 2023 – Feminism proposed for merging to Feminist movement by Fourmidable was closed; discussion
* 11 May 2023 – 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight proposed for merging to Nakba by Makeandtoss was closed; discussion
* 15 Oct 2023 – Genocide against Palestinians proposed for merging to Criticism of Israel by Marokwitz was closed; discussion
* 28 Oct 2023 – Massacres of Ottoman civilians during the Balkan Wars proposed for merging to Balkan Wars by Yung Doohickey was closed; discussion
* 22 Jul 2023 – Umvolkung proposed for merging to White genocide conspiracy theory by Klbrain was closed; discussion
* 11 Nov 2023 – Islamophobia during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war proposed for merging to Anti-Palestinianism during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 11 Nov 2023 – Anti-Palestinianism during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war proposed for merging to Islamophobia during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 28 Sep 2023 – Feminism proposed for merging to Feminist movement by Fourmidable was closed; discussion
* 15 Jan 2024 – Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza proposed for merging to Palestinian genocide accusation by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 14 Feb 2024 – United to End Racism proposed for merging to Re-evaluation counseling by Mrfoogles was closed; discussion
* 16 Mar 2024 – Black Legend (Spain) proposed for merging to Black legend by Hemiauchenia was closed; discussion
* 04 Mar 2024 – Racial discrimination proposed for merging to Racism by Piotrus was closed; discussion
* 24 Apr 2024 – April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses in the United States proposed for merging to Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States by CommunityNotesContributor was closed; discussion
* 07 May 2024 – Foundation for Research and Education on Eugenics and Dysgenics proposed for merging to William Shockley by Alpha3031 was closed; discussion
* 22 May 2024 – Canadian genocide of the First Nations proposed for merging to Genocide of Indigenous peoples by Buidhe was closed; discussion
AFC
* 31 May 2019 – Draft:Racism in the Catholic Church submitted for AfC by Anti3861 was accepted to Racism in the Catholic Church by Missvain on 16 Sep 2019
* 21 Jan 2020 – Draft:Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day submitted for AfC by Jon698 was accepted to Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day by Sulfurboy on 10 Feb 2020
* 29 Apr 2020 – Draft:Genetic Discrimination Observatory submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was accepted to Genetic Discrimination Observatory by Timtrent on 20 Jun 2020
* 29 Apr 2020 – Draft:Genetic Discrimination Observatory submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was accepted to Genetic Discrimination Observatory by Timtrent on 20 Jun 2020
* 26 Aug 2020 – Draft:Iván Enrique Rodríguez submitted for AfC by MahlerLover was moved to Iván Enrique Rodríguez by MahlerLover on 30 Aug 2020
* 23 Sep 2020 – Draft:Paul Darke submitted for AfC by Wry ipsfhkxvn62 was accepted to Paul Darke by Dodger67 on 28 Sep 2020
* 17 Jul 2020 – Draft:Reconciliation education submitted for AfC by Dr Adam Heaton was moved to Reconciliation education by Buidhe on 03 Oct 2020
* 17 Jul 2020 – Draft:Reconciliation education submitted for AfC by Dr Adam Heaton was moved to Reconciliation education by Buidhe on 03 Oct 2020
* 26 Aug 2020 – Draft:Iván Enrique Rodríguez submitted for AfC by MahlerLover was moved to Iván Enrique Rodríguez by MahlerLover on 30 Aug 2020
* 05 Oct 2020 – Draft:Rana Zoe Mungin submitted for AfC by Loquamotion was moved to Rana Zoe Mungin by SL93 on 27 Dec 2020
* undated – Draft:Adriana Corral submitted for AfC was moved to Adriana Corral by Bkissin on 07 Jan 2021
* undated – Draft:Super straight (term) submitted for AfC was declined by Scope creep on 14 Mar 2021
* 04 Jan 2021 – Draft:List of hate groups in Australia and New Zealand submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aList_of_hate_groups_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand deleted]
* 18 Dec 2020 – Draft:Down a Dark Stairwell submitted for AfC by Drewwwla3 was moved to Down a Dark Stairwell by Thriley on 12 Apr 2021
* 19 Dec 2020 – Draft:Winston Ross submitted for AfC by Billk27 was declined by DGG on 14 Apr 2021
* 12 Dec 2020 – Draft:Bozgor submitted for AfC by Saotura was declined by Clarityfiend on 23 Apr 2021
* 23 Jan 2021 – Draft:Jens Andersson submitted for AfC by Discospinster was declined by HeinzMaster on 05 Jun 2021
* 18 May 2021 – Draft:Reykjavík Index submitted for AfC by Nancy28121 was moved to Reykjavík Index by Greenman on 06 Jun 2021
* 22 Jun 2021 – Draft:Nikita Shuhumar submitted for AfC by Unicornland777 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aNikita_Shuhumar deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – Draft:Neurodiversity Celebration Week submitted for AfC by Wiki54321editor was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aNeurodiversity_Celebration_Week deleted]
* 10 Feb 2021 – Draft:Salary History Bans submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was moved to Salary history bans by TheBirdsShedTears on 07 Jul 2021
* 01 Apr 2021 – Draft:Racially motivated emergency calls submitted for AfC by LaundryPizza03 was accepted to Racially motivated emergency calls by Buidhe on 19 Jul 2021
* 17 Apr 2021 – Draft:Lynching of Albert Easley submitted for AfC by Rjmjrjm was accepted to Lynching of Albert Easley by Timtrent on 22 Jul 2021
* 03 Sep 2021 – Draft:Toronto Declaration submitted for AfC by ArcheTypography was moved to Toronto Declaration by Em-mustapha on 08 Sep 2021
* undated – Draft:Farhan Wilayat submitted for AfC was declined by S0091 on 02 Oct 2021
* 22 Oct 2021 – Draft:Biological Inequity submitted for AfC by Centric Lab was moved to Biological Inequity by Lazy Maniik on 23 Oct 2021
* 08 Aug 2021 – Draft:Karlyn Borysenko submitted for AfC by Calebja was declined by Bkissin on 08 Nov 2021
* 09 Dec 2021 – Draft:Ann Lauren submitted for AfC by SophiaCode018 was declined by IVORK on 17 Dec 2021
* 19 Dec 2021 – Draft:Singlism submitted for AfC by BGatsby was declined by AryKun on 19 Dec 2021
* 17 Nov 2021 – Draft:Dalit Times submitted for AfC by Kgaurav6791 was declined by AafiOnMobile on 09 Jan 2022
* undated – Draft:Chelsey Glasson submitted for AfC was accepted to Chelsey Glasson by GorillaWarfare on 28 Jan 2022
* 23 Jan 2022 – Draft:Apartheid in Malaysia submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was rejected by Nyanardsan on 29 Jan 2022
* 15 Nov 2021 – Draft:Emma Reilly submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was declined by Robertsky on 17 Feb 2022
* 12 Jan 2022 – Draft:Sneha Revanur submitted for AfC by Jomitchell27 was declined by Siliconred on 18 Feb 2022
* 24 Dec 2021 – Draft:Farhan Wilayat submitted for AfC by Dr Paul Harrison was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aFarhan_Wilayat deleted]
* 12 Dec 2020 – Draft:Bozgor submitted for AfC by Saotura was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aBozgor deleted]
* 18 Dec 2020 – Draft:Down a Dark Stairwell submitted for AfC by Drewwwla3 was moved to Down a Dark Stairwell by Thriley on 12 Apr 2021
* 19 Dec 2020 – Draft:Winston Ross submitted for AfC by Billk27 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aWinston_Ross deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – Draft:List of hate groups in Australia and New Zealand submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aList_of_hate_groups_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand deleted]
* 10 Feb 2021 – Draft:Salary History Bans submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was accepted to Salary history bans by TheBirdsShedTears on 07 Jul 2021
* 28 Mar 2022 – Draft:Apartheid in Malaysia submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was declined by Robertsky on 10 Apr 2022
* 25 Apr 2022 – Draft:Bamboula's Village submitted for AfC by Kirbanzo was accepted to Bamboula's Village by Bkissin on 27 Apr 2022
* 02 May 2022 – Draft:Dalit Times submitted for AfC by Kgaurav6791 was declined by QueerEcofeminist on 03 May 2022
* undated – Draft:Emma Reilly submitted for AfC was declined by BuySomeApples on 14 Jun 2022
* 16 Feb 2022 – Draft:Racism in Myanmar submitted for AfC by Liz was declined by TipsyElephant on 17 Jun 2022
* 01 Mar 2022 – Draft:Sneha Revanur submitted for AfC by Jomitchell27 was declined by Missvain on 25 Jun 2022
* 10 Feb 2022 – Draft:The Dispossessed Majority submitted for AfC by Riggenbotham57 was declined by BuySomeApples on 09 Jul 2022
* 26 Jun 2022 – Draft:Showing Up for Racial Justice submitted for AfC by Scope creep was accepted to Showing Up for Racial Justice by Missvain on 11 Jul 2022
* 25 May 2022 – Draft:Christopher Schell submitted for AfC by Nounonymous was declined by Missvain on 25 Jul 2022
* 13 May 2022 – Draft:Jane Smith Williamson submitted for AfC by NoteKlix was declined by S0091 on 06 Aug 2022
* 20 Jun 2022 – Draft:Mexican Xenophobia against Central Americans submitted for AfC by Jaseycano1 was declined by Spudlace on 17 Aug 2022
* 31 Aug 2022 – Draft:Andrew Straw submitted for AfC by DisabledEditor was declined by DGG on 03 Sep 2022
* 08 Apr 2022 – Draft:Magomed Tushayev submitted for AfC by MaitreyaVaruna was declined by Rusalkii on 07 Sep 2022
* undated – Draft:Neo-Nazism in Russia submitted for AfC was declined by Robert McClenon on 18 Sep 2022
* 24 Oct 2022 – Draft:Khoisan revivalism submitted for AfC by BLViv was moved to Khoisan revivalism by Greenman on 10 Dec 2022
* 17 Nov 2022 – Draft:1828 Armenian deportation submitted for AfC by Onel5969 was declined by Cerebellum on 19 Dec 2022
* 16 Sep 2022 – Draft:Jesse K. Marden submitted for AfC by Pbsturte was accepted to Jesse K. Marden by Pichemist on 03 Jan 2023
* 24 Oct 2022 – Draft:Swedish flag hoax submitted for AfC by An anonymous username, not my real name was declined by Carolina2k22 on 05 Jan 2023
* undated – Draft:Magomed Tushayev submitted for AfC was accepted to Magomed Tushayev by Mattdaviesfsic on 06 Jan 2023
* 12 Feb 2022 – Draft:Sophia University student Yasukuni Shrine refusal case submitted for AfC by Onel5969 was declined by Mattdaviesfsic on 07 Jan 2023
* 02 Dec 2022 – Draft:Rosalee McGee submitted for AfC by Edalsass was declined by BuySomeApples on 26 Jan 2023
* 15 Jan 2023 – Draft:Deanna Martin submitted for AfC by Mbaugher was closed
* 18 Jan 2023 – Draft:Sophia University student Yasukuni Shrine refusal case submitted for AfC by Immanuelle was declined by Vinegarymass911 on 13 Mar 2023
* 12 Dec 2022 – Draft:Classism in Accounting submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was declined by Iazyges on 17 Mar 2023
* 20 Dec 2022 – Draft:Bayard Rustin Center for Social Justice submitted for AfC by Lmstevens5947 was closed
* undated – Draft:Anti-Colombian sentiment submitted for AfC was accepted to Anti-Colombian sentiment by Rusalkii on 09 May 2023
* 31 Jan 2023 – Draft:Neo-Nazism in Russia submitted for AfC by Immanuelle was accepted to Neo-Nazism in Russia by Kvng on 10 Jun 2023
* 19 Feb 2023 – Draft:Victoria Pioneer Rifle Corps (British Columbia) submitted for AfC by ClairvoyantCrimson was accepted to Victoria Pioneer Rifle Corps by Turnagra on 18 Jun 2023
* 07 Dec 2021 – Draft:Gender-critical feminism submitted for AfC by NHCLS was accepted to Gender-critical feminism by Alpha3031 on 24 Jun 2023
* 07 Apr 2023 – Draft:Clare Dalton submitted for AfC by AnxiousHamster was declined by MurielMary on 12 Aug 2023
* 16 Apr 2023 – Draft:Ageism against Joe Biden submitted for AfC by <IP_ADDRESS> was declined by Notcharizard on 24 Aug 2023
* 15 May 2023 – Draft:The Galilee Foundation submitted for AfC by Joy Walmsley was declined by DoubleGrazing on 19 Sep 2023
* 12 Aug 2023 – Draft:Hannah Pearl Davis submitted for AfC by Rozy-dozy was accepted to Hannah Pearl Davis by Spinster300 on 21 Oct 2023
* 23 Oct 2023 – Draft:Israeli permit regime in the Gaza Strip submitted for AfC by GnocchiFan was moved to Israeli permit regime in the Gaza Strip by GnocchiFan on 24 Oct 2023
* 03 Sep 2023 – Draft:Georg Kreis submitted for AfC by Wickster12345 was moved to Georg Kreis by Superboilles on 31 Oct 2023
* 26 Jul 2023 – Draft:Diversity charter submitted for AfC by SaundersAnna was declined by Johannes Maximilian on 02 Nov 2023
* 02 Nov 2023 – Draft:Islamophobia during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war submitted for AfC by Professor Penguino was accepted to Islamophobia during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war by NotAGenious on 02 Nov 2023
* 27 Sep 2023 – Draft:Gonzales v. City of Peoria submitted for AfC by Valoonati was accepted to Gonzales v. City of Peoria by North8000 on 06 Nov 2023
* 05 Nov 2023 – Draft:Anna Katrulina submitted for AfC by Darya2023 was accepted to Anna Katrulina by WikiOriginal-9 on 06 Nov 2023
* 02 Dec 2023 – Draft:Mavis Claytor-Ford submitted for AfC by Atecg was accepted to Mavis Claytor-Ford by Timtrent on 03 Dec 2023
* undated – Draft:1882 Foundation submitted for AfC was declined by S0091 on 13 Dec 2023
* 14 Dec 2023 – Draft:Diversity charter submitted for AfC by SaundersAnna was declined by Ca on 18 Dec 2023
* 07 Jan 2024 – Draft:Assimilation of Pomaks in PRB submitted for AfC by Kessarevo was declined by Eyesnore on 10 Jan 2024
* 09 Jan 2024 – Draft:Diversity charter submitted for AfC by SaundersAnna was declined by Qcne on 15 Jan 2024
* 27 Dec 2023 – Draft:1882 Foundation submitted for AfC by AsianAmericanVisibility was declined by Mach61 on 18 Jan 2024
* 20 Jan 2024 – Draft:Deanna Martin submitted for AfC by Jay was declined by Spinster300 on 23 Jan 2024
* 12 Jan 2024 – Draft:Mattachine Society of Washington submitted for AfC by Othsmay was accepted to Mattachine Society of Washington by Bkissin on 25 Feb 2024
* 02 Feb 2024 – Draft:Disability treatments in the United States submitted for AfC by Fdvallera was accepted to Disability treatments in the United States by NoobThreePointOh on 26 Feb 2024
* 19 Feb 2024 – Draft:Haile Frasberg Selassie submitted for AfC by Ethiopianewspress was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aHaile_Frasberg_Selassie deleted]
* 15 Feb 2024 – Draft:Aleksandra Korolova submitted for AfC by DPCurious was declined by Ldm1954 on 28 Feb 2024
* 25 Feb 2024 – Draft:Schiedam riots submitted for AfC by Kessarevo was moved to Schiedam riots by Johannes Maximilian on 24 Mar 2024
* 18 Feb 2024 – Draft:1984 Duisburg arson attack submitted for AfC by Kessarevo was accepted to 1984 Duisburg arson attack by Utopes on 28 Mar 2024
* 28 Mar 2024 – Draft:L. Chris Stewart submitted for AfC by Actionsspeak was declined by Paul W on 03 Apr 2024
* 30 Jan 2024 – Draft:Diversity charter submitted for AfC by SaundersAnna was declined by MarcGarver on 02 May 2024
* 06 May 2024 – Draft:Native-speakerism submitted for AfC by DaffoBor was accepted to Native-speakerism by WikiOriginal-9 on 10 May 2024
* 02 May 2024 – Draft:Colored Villainy submitted for AfC by FloridaArmy was declined by SL93 on 20 May 2024
* 28 May 2024 – Draft:Diversity charter submitted for AfC by SaundersAnna was declined by SafariScribe on 09 Jul 2024
* 12 Jul 2024 – Draft:Murder of Emmanuel Chidi submitted for AfC by Bruno pnm ars was accepted to Murder of Emmanuel Chidi by SafariScribe on 14 Jul 2024
SPL
* 29 Apr 2018 – Rape statistics proposed for splitting by Drmies was closed; discussion
* 01 Jun 2020 – Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia proposed for splitting by WEBDuB was closed; discussion
* 07 Jun 2020 – George Floyd protests in Canada proposed for splitting by TJMSmith was closed; discussion
* 12 Jun 2020 – George Floyd protests proposed for splitting by Levivich was closed; discussion
* 17 Apr 2020 – Native American mascot controversy proposed for splitting by WriterArtistDC was closed; discussion
* 09 Aug 2020 – Donald Trump on social media proposed for splitting by Finnusertop was closed; discussion
* 16 Jan 2021 – International response to the Holocaust proposed for splitting by Brigade Piron was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – Somatotype and constitutional psychology proposed for splitting by Crescendolis was closed; discussion
* 21 Mar 2021 – Derek Chauvin proposed for splitting by Emir of Wikipedia was closed; discussion
* 22 Jan 2021 – 2020–2021 United States racial unrest proposed for splitting by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 28 Apr 2021 – Racism in the United States proposed for splitting by Rsk6400 was closed; discussion
* 18 Nov 2017 – Racial profiling proposed for splitting by Mr. Guye was closed; discussion
* 29 Nov 2020 – Circassian genocide proposed for splitting by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 12 Feb 2022 – Neo-Nazism proposed for splitting by Venkat TL was closed; discussion
* 18 Nov 2017 – Racial profiling proposed for splitting by Mr. Guye was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – Somatotype and constitutional psychology proposed for splitting by Crescendolis was closed; discussion
* 29 Nov 2020 – Circassian genocide proposed for splitting by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 22 Jan 2021 – 2020–21 United States racial unrest proposed for splitting by <IP_ADDRESS> was closed; discussion
* 11 Jun 2022 – Israel and the apartheid analogy proposed for splitting by Selfstudier was closed; discussion
* 06 Aug 2022 – Circassian genocide proposed for splitting by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 07 Sep 2022 – Anti-Russian sentiment proposed for splitting by PaulT2022 was closed; discussion
* 09 Aug 2022 – Neo-Nazism proposed for splitting by Super Dromaeosaurus was closed; discussion
* 24 Sep 2022 – Rape during the occupation of Germany proposed for splitting by Mhhossein was closed; discussion
* 08 Dec 2022 – 2021 Australian Parliament House sexual misconduct allegations proposed for splitting by Vladimir.copic was closed; discussion
* 05 Feb 2023 – Gay bashing proposed for splitting by Trystan was closed; discussion
* 30 Apr 2023 – Juan Crow proposed for splitting by CarmenEsparzaAmoux was closed; discussion
* 13 Feb 2021 – Hispanophobia proposed for splitting by Asqueladd was closed; discussion
* 13 Oct 2023 – Religious Zionist Party proposed for splitting by Basque mapping was closed; discussion
* 24 Dec 2022 – List of 2022 FIFA World Cup controversies proposed for splitting by General Ization was closed; discussion
* 19 Aug 2022 – Racism in Jewish communities proposed for splitting by Coin945 was closed; discussion
* 07 Apr 2024 – Transgender people in Nazi Germany proposed for splitting by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 27 Apr 2024 – April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses in the United States proposed for splitting by ElijahPepe was closed; discussion
* 06 May 2024 – List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024 proposed for splitting by CommunityNotesContributor was closed; discussion
* 13 Sep 2023 – Institutional racism proposed for splitting by Shoreranger was closed; discussion
* 01 Jun 2024 – 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses proposed for splitting by CommunityNotesContributor was closed; discussion
* 25 Jun 2023 – Miscegenation proposed for splitting by Sebbog13 was closed; discussion
FfD
* 27 May 2020 – File:Hermann Julius Hoefle.jpg (on List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust) FfDed by Fastily was closed; discussion
* 02 Jun 2020 – File:ErnstKaltenbrunner1944.jpg (on 1, 2, 3, 4) FfDed by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Alois Brunner.JPG (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Lange, Herbert (1).jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Stangl, Franz.jpg (on 1, 2, 3) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Kurt Hubert Franz.jpg (on 1, 2, 3) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Maxkoegel.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Friedrich Entress.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Josef Klehr.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Frenzel, Karl August.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Krüger, Friedrich-Wilhelm.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Lange-a.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Karl Jaeger (Nazi official).jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:SS Captain Hermann Schaper.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Erich Ehrlinger.jpg (on 1, 2, 3) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Martin Weiss.gif (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Roschmann eduard 147.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Franz Josef Huber.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 28 May 2020 – File:Kurt Lischka.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by JJMC89 was closed; discussion
* 03 Nov 2020 – File:2020 Ganja bombings.jpg (on 2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks) FfDed by Գարիկ Ավագյան was closed; discussion
* 24 Apr 2021 – File:Xinjiang Re-education Camp Lop County.jpg (on 1, 2) FfDed by SCP-2000 was closed; discussion
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FAR
* 05 Mar 2021 – Slavery in ancient Greece put up for FA by Buidhe was closed; discussion
* 15 Jan 2022 – Ketuanan Melayu put up for FA by Z1720 was closed; discussion | WIKI |
Multicenter Validation of the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal Score as a Predictor of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery*
Katherine Cashen, John M. Costello, Lisa M. Grimaldi, Keshava Murty Narayana Gowda, Elizabeth A.S. Moser, Kurt D. Piggott, Michael Wilhelm, Christopher W. Mastropietro
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
11 Scopus citations
Abstract
Objectives: We sought to validate the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score, a novel disease severity index, as a predictor of outcome in a multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Seven tertiary-care referral centers. Patients: Neonates defined as age less than or equal to 30 days at the time of cardiac surgery. Interventions: Ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, serum lactate, and Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score were recorded for three postoperative time points: ICU admission, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Peak values, defined as the highest of the three measurements, were also noted. Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal was calculated as follows: ventilation index + Vasoactive-Inotrope Score + Δ creatinine (change in creatinine from baseline × 10). Primary outcome was prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, defined as greater than 96 hours. Receiver operative characteristic curves were generated, and abilities of variables to correctly classify prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation were compared using area under the curve values. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was also performed. Measurements and Main Results: We reviewed 275 neonates. Median age at surgery was 7 days (25th–75th percentile, 5–12 d), 86 (31%) had single ventricle anatomy, and 183 (67%) were classified as Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Car-dio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Category 4 or 5. Prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation occurred in 89 patients (32%). At each postoperative time point, the area under the curve for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly greater for the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score as compared to the ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, and serum lactate, with an area under the curve for peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77–0.88). On multivariable analysis, peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, odds ratio (per 1 unit increase): 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12). Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery, the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was a reliable predictor of postoperative outcome and outperformed more traditional measures of disease complexity and severity.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1015-1023
Number of pages9
JournalPediatric Critical Care Medicine
Volume19
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 2018
Keywords
• Cardiac intensive care
• Congenital heart disease
• Mechanical ventilation
• Neonate
• Postoperative care
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Saab 90 Scandia
The Saab 90 Scandia was a civil passenger aeroplane, manufactured by Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget (SAAB), in Linköping, Sweden. In 1944, as it was becoming clear that hostilities in Europe (the Second World War) would soon be at an end, SAAB realised that the company had to diversify from purely military endeavours if it were to survive. The board therefore decided to put into action a plan to manufacture a twin-engined, short- to medium-haul passenger aircraft, as a successor for the Douglas DC-3. (This was the same commercially driven stimulus that led to automobile production, with the Ursaab and subsequent Saab 92 passenger vehicles.)
The design of the 90 Scandia was quite similar to the DC-3. The most distinct visible difference was that the 90 had tricycle landing gear while the DC-3 had a tailwheel. The Scandia also had a quite different vertical stabilizer shape, and numerous more subtle differences. The 90 had to compete with the many surplus DC-3s available on the market at the same time, making sales difficult.
Design and development
Development started in February 1944. Takeoff weight was specified at about 11,600 kg, with a range of about 1,000 km. The prototype Saab 90 (Scandia) first flew in November 1946. It was capable of seating 24–32 passengers, with low-speed capability. It was to be fitted with Pratt & Whitney R-2000 engines. It had a single nosewheel and fully retractable landing gear. ABA Swedish Airlines, a predecessor of SAS, ordered 11 examples. The Type certificate was issued in June 1950. Delivery started in October 1950 but, after testing, specification had changed to the Pratt & Whitney R-2180-E Twin Wasp E. Two Brazilian airlines (VASP and Aerovias do Brasil) also ordered a total of six aircraft. The prototype was subsequently converted to a luxury private executive aircraft for the Brazilian industrialist Olavo Fontoura.
Design
The Scandia project was initiated in 1944 by a supposed need (after World War II) for an aircraft carrying 25–30 passengers for a distance of up to 1000 km.
Main design objectives were: safety; two engines; long life; economic operation.
The wing was shaped, using NACA profiles, to provide good stalling characteristics. Low wing design was chosen since it provided:
* Less structural weight
* Better safety in an emergency landing
* Possibility for one continuous flap
The wing was built in three pieces. The centre section with engine mounts, and left and right sections which were bolted to the centre section, immediately outboard of the engine nacelles.
The fuselage diameter was chosen to allow for four seats per row. This configuration gave a capacity of 32 passengers. A configuration with wider and more comfortable seats, three seats per row, carrying a total of 24 passengers was also offered. The prototype (90.001) was equipped with 1450 bhp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp R2000 engines (changed to 1650 bhp P&W Twin Wasp R2180 on the production version).
The entire aircraft was built of metal except for the rudders which were fabric-covered metal frames.
Test flights
The prototype (SE-BCA) made its first flight on November 16, 1946. Claes Smith was the pilot. The first flight lasted for 20 minutes. The plane had exceptionally good slow-flying characteristics, with full control down to 110–115 km/h. The stall was slow and preceded by vibrations. The plane also turned out to be easily maneuvered with one engine shut down, which at the time was typically not the case with twin-engined aircraft. Unfortunately the rudder harmony was not satisfactory, with high control forces in some situations. The engine installation also needed redesign.
The prototype flew a total of 154 hours before the winter of 1947/48 when it was parked in the hangar for modifications. The engines were elevated for increased clearance between propeller blades and ground. The cabin, which previously contained only test equipment, was furnished. On February 7, 1948, the prototype took off again and began the second testing phase. The second phase consisted of mainly performance tests. After 700 hours of test flying it was decided to introduce the following changes to the production planes:
* More powerful engines
* Four-blade Hamilton-Standard propellers
* Spring tabs on rudder and elevators for reduced control forces
Operational history
The first production Scandias were delivered in 1950. SAS received its eight aircraft between October 1950 and October 1954. SAS initially operated its Scandias on intra-Scandinavian flights. Scheduled services by Scandias were operated also to European cities including Amsterdam, Brussels and London Airport (Heathrow) between 1951 and 1955. Until Scandias were withdrawn in 1957 they also served in a modest first class configuration on the new route from Scandinavia to Moscow via Riga.
VASP operated its fleet of new and ex-SAS Scandias on intra-Brazilian scheduled flights between October 1950 and late 1966.
The Swedish Air Force put heavy and insistent demands upon the SAAB factory, for the Saab 29 fighter aircraft, which spelled the end of the Scandia project in Sweden, with residual production being undertaken by Fokker, in the Netherlands.
Altogether, only 18 examples were manufactured. The entire SAS fleet was eventually purchased by VASP, in 1957.
A larger version with pressurised cabin called 90B was planned, but never built.
The last flight with a 90 Scandia was on July 22, 1969. The sole surviving Scandia is the 16th built, ex VASP PP-SQR, which is preserved in deteriorating condition by a museum at Bebedouro in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Variants
* Saab 90A
* Twin-engined short-range airliner. Main production version.
* Saab 90B
* Proposed version. Not built.
Operators
* VASP
* , 🇳🇴 and 🇸🇪
* Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS)
* Aktiebolaget Aerotransport (ABA)
* Aktiebolaget Aerotransport (ABA)
* Aktiebolaget Aerotransport (ABA)
Accidents and incidents
Three VASP Scandias were lost in fatal crashes with a further two written off in non-fatal accidents.
* December 30, 1958: a VASP Saab Scandia 90A-1 registration PP-SQE flying from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to São Paulo-Congonhas during climb after takeoff had a failure on engine no. 1. The pilot initiated procedures to return to the airport but during the second turn the aircraft stalled and crashed into Guanabara Bay. Of the 34 passengers and crew aboard, 20 died.
* September 23, 1959: a VASP Saab Scandia 90A-1 registration PP-SQV en route from São Paulo-Congonhas to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont during climb after takeoff did not gain enough height and crashed $1 1/2$ minutes out of São Paulo, killing all 20 passengers and crew.
* November 26, 1962: a VASP Saab Scandia 90A-1 registration PP-SRA en route from São Paulo-Congonhas to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont collided in the air over the Municipality of Paraibuna, State of São Paulo with a private Cessna 310, registration PT-BRQ, en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to São Paulo-Campo de Marte. Both were flying on the same airway AB-6 in opposite directions and failed to make visual contact. Both aircraft crashed, killing all 23 passengers and crew of the Saab and all four occupants of the Cessna.
Surviving aircraft
As of 2007, only one 90 Scandia, PP-SQR, remains. It stands outdoors in at the Museu de Armas, Veículos e Máquinas Eduardo André Matarazzo in Bebedouro, Brazil. | WIKI |
Danny Reet
Danny Reet (born 31 January 1987, in Sheffield) is an English footballer.
Reet is a striker, and a graduate of Sheffield Wednesday's youth academy after a yearlong spell at Sheffield Wednesday's local rivals Sheffield United. He never made it to the Owls' first-team but had an excellent goalscoring record for their reserve team. In November 2005, he was loaned to Bury, where he scored four times in six games – including two goals against Mansfield, whom he later joined. Reet scored five goals in 18 appearances for the Stags in 2005–06. Reet went on loan to Rochdale on 24 March 2007 and made a handful of substitute appearances before returning to Mansfield Town. Reet went on loan to Alfreton Town on 14 September 2007. His Mansfield Town contract was cancelled on the free transfer deadline, 27 March 2008, enabling him to find a new club. He signed for Dinnington Town for the 2008–09 season. Danny has now signed for Buxton F.C.
He now works as a Manager at Capita PLC but regularly turns out for Sheffield Meadowhall Sunday League Division 1 pace setters Arbourthorne EA. During the 2012–13 season, as at 22 March 2013, "Arbour" have won 18 out of 19 games they have played, losing only 1 game in over a year and Reet has formed a formidable forward line partnership with veteran Dinnington Town striker Liam Cartledge. Between them they have netted 41 times with Reet contributing 12 of those.
Danny now manages a U11 team with Pilsley Community FC.
Family
Danny has a son called Kai Daniel Reet born on 19 October 2007. | WIKI |
The plank is one of the most common go-to exercises for the core. But as with all strength training exercises, you eventually need progression. The coaches at Ultimate Sandbag Training share one such way to enhance the plank by using a sandbag. The goal is not necessarily to move the weight far or fast, but to focus on stability by using uneven leverages.
The exercise is a lateral sandbag drag. To perform it:
1. Get into a push up position with a sandbag under you and slightly off to the side. Keep your wrists under your shoulders and your core tight.
2. Use the hand opposite the sandbag to drag it under you to just outside your shoulder.
3. Walk your hands and feet to the side so the sandbag is no longer under you, then repeat.
This exercise works not only your core but also your lats, giving it carryover to pull ups, rows, and many other upper-body movements. There is another variation that trains the pulling pattern even more.
1. Set up once again in the push up position with your feet outside your shoulders. Place the sandbag under you, between your legs.
2. Reach one hand down to pull the sandbag diagonally to just in front of your shoulders.
3. Engage your lats and maintain a strong plank position. Use your hand to pull the sandbag straight down toward your feet, then repeat the steps.
The sandbag not only adds resistance to the isometric plank, but it also challenges you to maintain balance and tension while controlling movement. Combine these two training tools for a mix of stability, strength, and coordination.
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Topic: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Aixnr
Known as Aizan Fahri (online ID: @aixnr), currently studying at Rochester Institute of Technology, degree (undergraduate) in Biotechnology. He is the co-founder of Malaysian Student Online Discourse Network "The AvantHeim", which will be publicly announced in September 2014. | WIKI |
Get page generated with Javascript in Python
Question:
I’d like to download web page generated by Javascript and store it to string variable in Python code. The page is generated when you click on button.
If I would know the resulting URL I would use urllib2 but this is not the case.
thank you
Asked By: xralf
||
Answers:
You could use Selenium Webdriver:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from contextlib import closing
from selenium.webdriver import Firefox # pip install selenium
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
# use firefox to get page with javascript generated content
with closing(Firefox()) as browser:
browser.get(url)
button = browser.find_element_by_name('button')
button.click()
# wait for the page to load
WebDriverWait(browser, timeout=10).until(
lambda x: x.find_element_by_id('someId_that_must_be_on_new_page'))
# store it to string variable
page_source = browser.page_source
print(page_source)
Answered By: jfs | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
David Altschuler v. Peter E. Flynn; David Altschuler v. William A. McCormack et al.
Superior Court, Middlesex, SS
No. 921628
Memorandum Dated May 27, 1998
Robert A. Miley, and Bingham, Dana & Gould.
Botsford, J.
Introduction
The plaintiff David Altschuler has brought these two actions against attorneys who jointly represented him as a defendant in a lawsuit tried in December of 1989 and then settled in January of 1990. He claims that the defendant attorneys are liable to him for breach of fiduciary duty and violation of G.L.c. 93A, and seeks as compensatory damages the amount of the settlement in the underlying litigation. The defendants in both cases asserted counterclaims against Altschuler to recover unpaid fees for legal services and also for violation of c. 93A.
The cases were consolidated and tried before me without a jury. Set forth below are findings of fact and a consideration of the legal issues raised. For reasons discussed here, judgment is to enter for the defendants on Altschuler’s claims against them. With respect to the counterclaims, only the defendant Flynn pursued his at trial. I conclude he is entitled to recover for most of his unpaid services, but judgment is to enter for Altschuler on Flynn’s c. 93A claim.
Findings of Fact
The plaintiff David Altschuler (Altschuler) is a lawyer by education and has been licensed to practice law in Massachusetts since 1961. However, for many years he has worked full time in the real estate business.
At some time in or before 1984, Altschuler entered into “nominee trust agreements" with his attorney, Arthur Altman, pursuant to which Altman acquired a minority financial interest in each of three different properties in which Altschuler held a controlling interest. These were business transactions, although Altschuler and Altman were also friends. On November 20, 1985, Altschuler exercised his right under the nominee trust agreements with Altman to purchase Altman’s interests in the three properties, and paid Altman a total of $543,000.
Altman sued Altschuler in 1986, alleging that the prices Altschuler had paid to purchase Altman’s interests were unreasonably low, in violation of the implied terms of the nominee trust agreements, and also in violation of G.L.c. 93A. Altman v. Altschuler, C.A. No. 81463 (Suffolk Superior Court, 1986) (the Altman case). Altman was represented in the Altman case by Walter McLaughlin and David Klebanoff. Altschuler was initially represented by Mark Michelson and Choate, Hall & Stewart, but in the fall of 1987, he dismissed his initial counsel and retained the defendants William McCormack (McCormack), Robert Miley (Miley) and Bingham, Dana & Gould (BD&G) to represent him. McCormack was and remains a partner in BD&G, and at all times relevant to this case Miley was an associate at BD&G. In May of 1989, Altschuler also retained the defendant Peter Flynn (Flynn), an attorney who specializes in real estate matters, to represent him in the Altman case, and specifically to assist McCormack on issues relating to the valuation of the properties. Altschuler consistently indicated to McCormack that he was lead counsel, and further, that he was the only counsel to speak for Altschuler about settlement.
The principal issues in the Altman case related to the value of the three properties in dispute — commercial properties in East Hartford, Connecticut and in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and the commercial building located at 141 Tremont Street in Boston, Massachusetts — and the value of Altman’s interest in each of these properties in light of the minority nature of the interests and the terms of the nominee trust agreements. In the spring of 1987, there were settlement discussions, both between Altschuler and Altman directly, and between their respective attorneys. The case was not settled, and as mentioned above, in the fall of 1987 Altschuler discharged Michelson and Choate, Hall & Stewart.
After the defendants had been retained in the Altman case and in accordance with the advice of Flynn and McCormack, Altschuler hired Richard Dennis as an expert witness on the issue of appraising or valuing the three properties at issue. In August or September of 1989, and based on the appraisal values suggested by Richard Dennis, McCormack recommended to Altschuler that he pay Altman an additional $554,886 on account of Altman’s purchased interests. The recommendation was based on McCormack’s view that Altschuler needed to pay at least this additional amount in order to have credibility on the issue of good faith if and when the case went to trial. Flynn agreed with the recommendation. Altschuler followed it, and paid this amount to Altman at that time.
Trial in the Altman case was scheduled to begin on December 13, 1989 before then Superior Court Judge J. Owen Todd, sitting without a jury. At a pre-trial conference with Judge Todd on December 11, 1989, Altschuler offered to pay Altman another $375,000 in settlement of the case, but the offer was not accepted. The trial began as scheduled, but only on the claim alleging (in substance) breach of contract; the parties and the trial judge had apparently agreed beforehand that trial on the c. 93A claim would be deferred until later.
Altman testified on December 14, 1989. In the eyes of McCormack, Flynn and Altschuler, McCormack did an excellent job of cross-examining Altman; this was a high point in the trial for Altschuler’s side. At the close of the court day, Flynn approached Altschuler to discuss the idea of offering Altman $500,000 to settle the case at that point. Altschuler considered the proposal, and suggested discussing it with McCormack. Altschuler and Flynn then walked up to McCormack and broached the idea. McCormack thought the number too high, and countered with the suggestion that he approach Walter McLaughlin, Altman’s attorney, and seek to obtain from him by the next day the lowest number at which Altman would be willing to settle at that point. Altschuler agreed, and McCormack started to walk toward McLaughlin. He was stopped on the way by Altman, who wanted to speak to him. When McCormack finally reached McLaughlin, the latter was just finishing a conversation with Flynn. McCormack heard McLaughlin say words to the effect that he would twist Altman’s arm to accept $500,000. McCormack immediately said to McLaughlin that there was no offer of $500,000, but that McLaughlin should tell him the next day what Altman’s lowest number was. The conversation ended there. McCormack returned to Altschuler, without Flynn, and reported to Altschuler what had just transpired.
The next day, December 15, 1989, McCormack had a telephone conversation with Altman’s other attorney, David Klebanoff, in the morning before the start of trial. Klebanoff told McCormack that the case would not settle then, because Altman felt that McCormack had “roasted” him on cross-examination, and Altman wanted to wait until Altschuler himself was “roasted" when he testified. McCormack reported this conversation to Altschuler very soon after it concluded, and Altschuler’s response was to determine he would pay Altman nothing more. Altschuler testified on direct and cross-examination that afternoon, but apparently was not “roasted”; rather, by all reports he was an excellent witness for his side of the case.
On the afternoon of Monday, December 18, 1989, Judge Todd held a lobby conference with attorneys for both sides of the Altman case. In attendance were McCormack, Miley and Flynn for Altschuler, and Klebanoff for Altman; McLaughlin was not present. (Altschuler was in the courtroom, but not in the judge’s lobby.) The subject of settlement negotiations came up, as it had in the past in conversations with the judge. Klebanoff indicated that Altman was seeking $650,000 or $675,000 as additional payment for his interests in the properties, but Klebanoff also said something to the effect that the figure of $500,000 had been associated with Altschuler, and Flynn said something to the effect that the number $500,000 had been mentioned. McCormack immediately said that there was no offer of $500,000. There was no further conversation on the topic: neither Klebanoff nor Judge Todd pressed the point.
When the lobby conference concluded, McCormack spoke to Altschuler. McCormack said words to the effect that the case was over — that if Altschuler were going to settle the case, he would have to pay $500,000 to do so. McCormack made these statements because he believed that the figure of $500,000 had been communicated to Altman and to the trial judge as something Altschuler might possibly be willing to pay, and once that figure had been put into play, there was no retracting it as a practical matter; in McCormack’s words, one could not “unring the bell.”
The parties’ expert witnesses testified on December 27 and December 28, 1989. Each, side offered an expert appraiser who provided opinions concerning the value of the three properties in question, and also about the discount which should be applied in valuing Altman’s interests because of his minority status and because of the broad discretionary rights afforded Altschuler under the nominee trust agreements. Altman’s real estate expert, Webster Collins, acknowledged in substance that ascribing a definite and positive fair market value to Altman’s interests in the three properties was difficult because the nominee trust agreements gave Altschuler the unilateral right to purchase Altman’s interest at any time without notice; Altschuler’s real estate expert, Richard Dermis, testified at one point that Altman’s interests had no fair market value for the same reasons. Nevertheless, both experts offered opinions about the appropriate discount factor to be applied and the positive value of Altman’s minority interest in each property.
On December 28, after the expert testimony, both sides rested and presented closing arguments. Judge Todd then met with the attorneys in his lobby, and set out for them in some detail his proposed or probable findings on the value of each of the properties, the discount factor to be applied in valuing Altman’s minority interest in each of those properties, and the ultimate fair or reasonable value of Altman’s interests. The judge’s proposed conclusion, as expressed to counsel, was that Altschuler was obligated to pay Altman an additional $500,000 in connection with his purchase of Altman’s interests in the properties. The judge appears to have then scheduled a further conference for January 11, 1990 and to have suggested, implicitly or explicitly, that the parties continue to try to settle the case.
McCormack believed Judge Todd’s proposed findings were supported by the evidence that had been introduced during the Altman trial. He also believed an appeal from such findings — once incorporated in a judgment — could be brought in good faith, although was not likely to succeed. McCormack thought the proposed findings were essentially favorable to Altschuler in all the circumstances. McLaughlin also believed the judge’s proposed findings were adequately grounded in the evidence and not likely to be overturned on appeal. McLaughlin was not, in his words, particularly “happy” with the proposed findings from Altman’s perspective, and in particular with the discount factor Judge Todd had proposed to adopt.
After the December 28 lobby conference with Judge Todd, McCormack called Altschuler in Florida and recounted what the judge had stated about his proposed findings. McCormack recommended to Altschuler that he settle the case for $500,000, since (1) this was going to be the likely finding of Judge Todd against Altschuler, (2) the figure did not include interest, and (3) the c. 93A claim was still pending. Altschuler told McCormack that he would pay Altman nothing. Nevertheless, at some time between December 28, 1989 and January 11, 1990, Altschuler, without letting McCormack know, directed Flynn to try to settle the case with Altman.
On January 8, 1990, Altschuler met with McCormack, Miley, and Edward Bloom, an attorney who had represented Altschuler for many years (and continues to do so), although not generally on litigation matters. Altschuler did not invite Flynn to attend, and did not tell Flynn about the meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to work on an affidavit that Altschuler had begun to prepare with Bloom’s help, and that Altschuler wished to have McCormack file with Judge Todd. During the meeting, the participants discussed the status of the case. Their discussion focused in part on the facts that Flynn had apparently said something to McLaughlin during the trial about a possible willingness on Altschuler’s part to settle for $500,000, and had suggested something similar to the judge. The draft affidavit reviewed at the meeting states at the outset that Altschuler “never authorized [his] attorneys to offer to settle or to accept a settlement of this case by . . . payment to the plaintiff of an additional $500,000." It then goes on to summarize Altschuler’s version of the settlement history of the case and to set forth Altschuler’s reasons or arguments as to why he did not owe any further money to Altman, and why he could not agree to any settlement requiring him to pay additional money.
Altschuler wrote the affidavit just described with the goal of having his attorneys submit it to Judge Todd at the next scheduled conference, which was to be held on January 11, 1990. However, on January 11, Altschuler by letter informed the attorneys that they could simply paraphrase the affidavit to the judge, and urged them to do so because it “counteract[ed]" Altman’s c. 93A claim and indicated the basis for Altschuler’s own c. 93A claim against Altman.
The conference with Judge Todd was held as scheduled on January 11, 1990. McCormack, Miley, and Flynn attended behalf of Altschuler. The attorneys reported to the judge that the case had not settled, and there was a discussion about the need to schedule the c. 93A piece of the case for trial; Judge Todd also may have reiterated his probable finding against Altschuler in the amount of $500,000 on the just-tried contract portion of the case. Altschuler was not present for this conference.
On the next day, January 12, Altschuler spoke with Miley on the telephone and Miley went over with him what had transpired at the conference. Miley did not tell Altschuler that Judge Todd had indicated he would find ■ against Altschuler on Altman’s c. 93A claim. Altschuler also spoke to Flynn, who likewise did not tell him that Judge Todd had announced he would find against Altschuler on the c. 93A claim. Flynn did, however, urge Altschuler to settle the case.
After hearing from Miley and Flynn about the January 11 conference, Altschuler authorized Flynn to settle the case for $500,000. Flynn carried out this instruction, and on approximately January 16, 1990, the parties reached a settlement. Although he was lead counsel, McCormack was not involved in these settlement discussions or negotiations, and neither was Miley nor anyone from BD&G. Indeed, Miley and McCormack learned from one of Altman’s attorneys that the case had settled, and at that point McCormack called Altschuler. Altschuler informed McCormack that he was settling because he had learned from Miley that Judge Todd had indicated he would find against Altschuler on Altman’s c. 93A claim, but that he, Altschuler, did not want to settle. McCormack told Altschuler that Judge Todd had not stated anything of the kind and then ended the conversation to check with Miley as to what Miley had stated to Altschuler. McCormack was told by Miley that he had not stated Judge Todd would find against Altschuler on the c. 93A claim. McCormack telephoned Altschuler again and stated to Altschuler that he was not required to settle, that there was an appeal which could be brought in good faith from the anticipated judgment, but that it was not likely to be a successful appeal, and a settlement would be a better result. Altschuler persisted in telling McCormack both that he wanted to settle the case and did not want to settle it. Because McCormack could not divine Altschuler’s clear intent on the settlement issue and was also aware of prior instances in which Altschuler had settled cases and then changed his mind, McCormack refused to sign any papers relating to a settlement; Flynn handled the settlement on Altschuler’s behalf. On or about January 18, Altschuler paid Altman $500,000, and the parties executed releases. Thereafter, the Altman case was dismissed. Altschuler settled the case because he made a business judgment that it was financially advantageous to do so.
As indicated previously, the settlement finally reached in the Altman case was not the first one negotiated. In May 1987, while Choate, Hall & Stewart was still representing Altschuler in the case, Altschuler and Altman met directly together. A settlement was reached — or at least Altman took it that a settlement was reached — for approximately $1,200,000 in new money, that is, $1,200,000 over the $543,000 originally paid. However, Altschuler then took the position (as he explained it to McCormack later) that the settlement was not binding because he did not have full possession of his faculties when he was negotiating with Altman. Soon thereafter, Mark Michelson, Altschuler’s principal attorney at Choate, Hall & Stewart, conveyed an offer on Altschuler’s behalf to settle the case for $800,000 in new money, but Altschuler took the position (again as he explained to McCormack later) that his attorney was not authorized to make the offer and thereafter discharged Choate, Hall & Stewart.
The Altschuler v. Altschuler case had a settlement history similar to the Altman case. In that litigation between Altschuler and his two nieces and nephew, Altschuler had apparently agreed to settle the case and then had indicated it was not really settled. Ultimately, however, apparently after a few days of trial, Altschuler did enter into a settlement. Thereafter, Altschuler made claims against the two sets of attorneys who had represented him in the Altschuler v. Altschuler case, alleging that through their negligence and breach of duty, they had effectively placed him in a position of having to settle the case for an amount far in excess of what would have been reasonable if they had provided accurate and full advice to him.
A final note. Both BD&G and Flynn billed Altschuler for their respective services, and Altschuler paid some but not all of the fees billed. Of concern at this time are the fees billed by Flynn. Flynn was retained by Altschuler in May of 1989, and sent his first two bills in early June 1989. Altschuler paid these bills. Flynn’s next bills were issued on a monthly basis, in July, August and September 1989; each was a bill for services provided the previous month. Altschuler paid all of these bills. As of September 12, the date of the September bill, Flynn had charged Altschuler a total of $22,552.50. Flynn’s final bill to Altschuler is dated February 2, 1990. It covers services provided between September 9, 1989 and January 24, 1990, inclusive. The total is $25,630. The bill gives a reasonably detailed description of the legal services at issue, by date. It indicates that Flynn charged for four hours of legal work on January 11, 1990, and for a total of three hours on dates between January 12 and January 24, 1990. Altschuler has refused to pay this bill.
Discussion
1. Altschuler’s Claims Against Flynn
Altschuler raises claims of breach of fiduciary duty and violation of c. 93A against Flynn. In particular, he contends that Flynn violated his fiduciary obligations to his client Altschuler first by tendering an unauthorized offer to settle the Altman case for $500,000 during the trial on December 14, 1989 and repeating that offer to the trial judge, and second by criticizing his client’s conduct and veracity in front of the trial judge on January 11, 1990. According to Altschuler, these lapses of duty on Flynn’s part ultimately caused — indeed forced — Altschuler to settle the Altman case for $500,000, even though, he contends, if that case were considered strictly on its merits he would have not been required to pay any further monies to Altman. Altschuler’s claim of unfair or deceptive conduct against Flynn arises from the same factual allegations.
As a general rule, an attorney is not authorized to compromise or settle on his or her own a claim asserted by or against the lawyer’s client; an attorney who binds a client to a settlement without actual authority to do so will be liable to the client for any harm sustained as a result. See R.E. Mallen and J.M. Smith, Legal Malpractice, §28.38 at 752-53 (4th ed. 1996). In this case, however, Altschuler has not proved that Flynn actually made a definite but unauthorized offer on Altschuler’s behalf to settle the Altman case on December 14, 1989. Flynn in his testimony denied having done so, and the only evidence to which Altschuler can point to contradict Flynn’s position is the comment by McLaughlin to Flynn, overheard by McCormack, that McLaughlin would twist his client Altman's arm to settle the case at $500,000. In my view, what this comment might indicate — at best, from Altschuler’s perspective — is that before the comment was made, Flynn and McLaughlin were having a discussion in which Flynn may have mentioned $500,000 as a possible or potential settlement figure that Altschuler might be willing to pay and may then have asked McLaughlin what he thought about its viability. Such an interchange, if it occurred, would appear to fall within the scope of exploratory, open-ended and permissible settlement discussions between counsel in litigation; there is nothing in the comment that indicates Flynn conveyed to McLaughlin a firm offer on Altschuler’s part to settle the case for $500,000 which Altman and his counsel were entitled to and did treat as binding. Similarly, Flynn’s apparently vague comment to Judge Todd during the lobby conference on December 18, 1989, in some way affirming that the number $500,000 had been mentioned in connection with Altschuler, cannot be said to qualify as an unauthorized settlement offer. As the findings about that lobby conference show: settlement came up as a topic; Klebanoff stated Altman’s demand was $650,000 or $675,000; Klebanoff remarked in some way that $500,000 had been associated with Altschuler; Flynn in some way agreed; McCormack stated there was no offer by Altschuler to settle for $500,000; and all conversation about settlement ended. It may be the case that Flynn would have been well advised to say nothing in response to Klebanoff s comment about the $500,000 figure, but his having done so in the manner he did does not rise to the level of a breach of the duty of loyalty or confidentiality on his part.
The absence of proof of breach makes it unnecessary to resolve whether, if there were a breach, Altschuler’s claim would nevertheless fail because the breach caused no damages to him. See McCann v. Davis, Malm & D’Agostine, 423 Mass. 558, 560-61 (1996). See also Van Brode Group, Inc. v. Bowditch & Dewey, 36 Mass.App.Ct. 509, 517 (1994) (“[i]t is fundamental that a tort action cannot be sustained without proof of damages, whether the action is framed as legal malpractice ... or breach of fiduciary duty . . .”) (citations omitted).
Altschuler’s second claimed breach of duty, concerning Flynn’s critical remarks about Altschuler to Judge Todd on January 11, 1990, also fails. I will assume for argument, without deciding, that the duty of loyalty and confidentiality owed by the attorney to his or her client can encompass the duly not to either criticize the client before the trial judge or imply to the trial judge in some fashion that the client has been less than forthright or truthful. Cf. Witte v. Desmurais, 614 A.2d 116, 119-20 (N.H. 1992) (allegations in legal malpractice suit that attorney had undermined client’s credibility before the court, thereby causing significant financial damage, by advising client to inform master of an asset that attorney had previously advised him not to disclose, were sufficient to defeat motion to dismiss). But as indicated above, there must be a causal relationship between breach and the damages claimed. There is no such link in this case.
Insofar as Judge Todd is concerned, the judge had set out his proposed findings on the contract portion of the case on December 18, 1989, two weeks before the January 11 conference. I have no basis to infer that he would have been likely in a final opinion to alter the factual findings in a manner detrimental to Altschuler because of what Flynn said on January 11. Thus as a practical matter, the only aspect of the case on which the judge might have been influenced by Flynn’s pejorative remarks was the c. 93A portion. This portion was never reached, however, because the parties settled before the judge got to it. Furthermore, Altschuler testified, and I have credited the testimony, that Flynn did not tell him about his January 11 remarks to Judge Todd before Altschuler settled the Altman case on January 16-18, 1990. (See p. 12, n.16 above.) Accordingly, Altschuler reached the decision to settle without any consideration of the potential harm to his credibility and standing with the trial judge — on the c. 93A portion or otherwise — allegedly caused by what Flynn had told the judge. He therefore cannot contend that he settled in whole or in part on account of Flynn’s remarks, and certainly cannot make a claim to recover the settlement amount as damages causally related to the remarks. Finally, since proof of damages is also necessary for Altschuler’s c.93A claim against Flynn, see McCann v. Davis, Malm & D'Agostine, supra, 423 Mass. at 561, that claim also fails.
2. Altschuler’s Claims Against McCormack, Miley and BD&G
Before the start of the actual trial in this case, Altschuler dismissed counts III through VII of his first amended complaint against McCormack, Miley and BD&G; BD&G and McCormack likewise dismissed their counterclaims against Altschuler. Accordingly, what remains at issue between these various parties are Altschuler’s breach of fiduciary duty claim against the three BD&G defendants (Count I of the first amended complaint) as well as his claim against them under G.L.c. 93A (Count II).
Altschuler asserts McCormack, Miley and BD&G are liable to him because in breach of the fiduciary duty they owed him as their client, McCormack and Miley, and derivatively BD&G, failed to convey, to Altman’s attorneys or the trial judge in the-Altman case that Flynn’s alleged offer to settle the case for $500,000 had never been authorized by Altschuler, and also falied to inform Altschuler promptly that Flynn had in fact made the unauthorized settlement offer of $500,000. As he has argued in connection with Flynn, Altschuler claims that these breaches led him to settle the Altman case for $500,000, a sum he otherwise would never have been obligated to pay if the merits of the Altman case alone were at issue.
Altschuler’s claim of breach of fiduciary duty fails in its entirety because the necessary factual predicate for it is nonexistent. The findings above indicate that McCormack, the lead BD&G attorney on the case, did in fact: (1) inform Altman’s lawyer Walter McLaughlin promptly on December 14, 1989, after hearing the tail end of the conversation between McLaughlin and Flynn, that there was no settlement offer by Altschuler for $500,000; (2) inform Altman’s other lawyer David Klebanoff and Judge Todd promptly during the December 18, 1989 lobby conference that there was no such settlement offer; and (3) report promptly to Altschuler about what he had overheard between Flynn and McLaughlin on December 14 as well as what had taken place during the December 18 lobby conference. Absolutely no breach of duty, claimed or otherwise, by the BD&G defendants has been proved. Rather, what the evidence showed is that these defendants, primarily through McCormack, ably represented Altschuler in the Altman case, fulfilling their obligation to him “of full and fair disclosure, as well as competent, diligent, and zealous representation.” Opert v. Mellios, 415 Mass. 634, 638-39 (1993). Accordingly, as was true of Flynn, there is no need to determine whether, if there were a breach, Altschuler’s claim would fail in any event because the breach caused no damages to him.
In sum, Altschuler’s breach of duty claim against McCormack, Miley and BD&G founders on its factual merits. Since Altschuler’s claim of unfair or deceptive conduct under c. 93A is premised on the same factual allegations as the asserted breach of duty, it also fails.
3. Flynn’s Counterclaims Against Altschuler
Flynn has asserted two counterclaims against Altschuler: (1) for services rendered, to recover the balance of the legal fees he had billed Altschuler; and (2) for unfair or deceptive conduct under G.L.c. 93A.
With respect to the first counterclaim, at the trial of this case Altschuler agreed that the sole basis for his continuing refusal to pay the billed but unpaid $25,630 was his contention that Flynn had breached the fiduciary obligations of loyalty and confidentiality owed to Altschuler; all other grounds of defense were waived.
As a general rule, when an attorney sués a client for unpaid fees, whether on a direct contract theory or under a theory of quantum meruit, the client is entitled to raise in defense that negligence on the attorney’s part rendered the services performed worth less than what was charged, or indeed valueless. See Caverly v. McOwen, 123 Mass. 574, 578 (1878). See generally R.E. Mallen & J.M. Smith, Legal Malpractice, supra, §14. 26 at 322-24. The same appears to be true where the client seeks to defend on a charge of breach of duty by the lawyer. See id. However, it may be that the client must show the breach has harmed him in some manner. See Hooper v. Gill, 79 Md.App. 437, 445 (1989), cert. denied., 496 U.S. 906 (1990) (Maryland law). In addition, it may be necessary to demonstrate that the fees sought to be recovered were connected to the claimed breach. See id. at 446 (under Maryland law, fraud on attorney’s part following the services for which he sought to be paid would not be a defense to attorney’s claim for fees). See also Mar Oil, S.A. v. Morrissey, 982 F.2d 830, 840 (2d Cir. 1993) (under New York law, attorneys may be entitled to recover fees for services both before committing an alleged breach of fiduciary duty as well as after).
As the citation to cases from other jurisdictions implies, there do not appear to be any Massachusetts decisions which have dealt with the question whether an attorney can collect fees from a client where the attorney has breached certain fiduciary duties; certainly none of the parties has referred me to any. Cf. Caverly v. Owen, supra, 123 Mass at 578 (client may raise negligence of lawyer in defense of suit for fees). Whether or not Altschuler must show harm from the alleged breach by Flynn to avoid his obligation to pay for the legal services, it seems reasonable in this case to require at the least that he establish a nexus between the fees claimed and the breach of duty he complains of. Fees for services Flynn performed that presumably benefitted Altschuler and preceded the alleged breach of duty should be paid. See Mallen & Smith, supra, §14.26 at 324. At least in this particular case, the same should be true of services performed after the alleged breach on January 11, 1990, because Flynn’s bill indicates that all of these — a total of three hours — related to finalizing the settlement of the Altman case and the associated stipulation of dismissal. As discussed above, the settlement was completely unrelated to Flynn’s alleged breach of duty, and Altschuler entered into it because he considered it financially advantageous to do so.
In all the circumstances, an appropriate resolution of the fee dispute here would be for Altschuler to be responsible for all fees that have been billed but unpaid, with the exception of fees related to Flynn’s services on January 11, 1990, the date Flynn made his challenged comments to Judge Todd. Flynn billed for four hours on January 11, a total of $440. Accordingly, Flynn is entitled to recover $25,190 of the $25,630 billed.
Turning to Flynn’s claim for violation of G.L.c. 93A, I am not persuaded by a preponderance of the evidence that insofar as Flynn is concerned, Altschuler’s refusal to pay for all the legal services rendered amounts to an unfair or deceptive act within the meaning of G.L.c. 93A, §§2 and 11. It is true the evidence suggested that Altschuler has perhaps engaged in a pattern of bringing claims against attorneys who have represented him in litigation matters and refusing to pay for all the services rendered by those attorneys. But the evidence in this case suggests as well that Flynn’s conduct was in some respects open to question. “The relationship of attorney and client is ‘highly fiduciary’ in nature,” Opert v. Mellios, 415 Mass. at 638. Altschuler is liable for breaching his obligation to pay Flynn for the legal services provided. However, Flynn has not proved that Altschuler’s refusal to pay was undertaken as leverage for some improper, ulterior purpose, or that the refusal had some destructive, unfair effect on Flynn’s rights beyond delaying Flynn’s receipt of what was due to him. See Massachusetts Employers Ins. Exchange v. Propac-Mass. Inc., 420 Mass. 39, 42-43 (1995). See also Atkinson v. Rosenthal, 33 Mass.App.Ct. 219, 226 (1992). Altschuler is entitled to dismissal of the counterclaim for violation of c. 93A.
ORDER
For the foregoing reasons, it is ORDERED as follows:
1. With respect to C.A. No. 92-1628, on Counts I and II of the plaintiffs complaint, judgment is to enter in favor of the defendant, Peter E. Flynn, and dismissing the complaint; on Count I of the counterclaim of Peter E. Flynn, judgment is to enter in favor of the plaintiff-in-counterclaim in the amount of $25,190 plus interest from the date of filing the counterclaim, and costs; and on Counts II and III of the counterclaim, judgment is to enter in favor of the defendant-in-counterclaim, David Altschuler, and dismissing those Counts; and
2. With respect to C.A. No. 93-7229, on Counts I and II of the plaintiffs amended complaint, judgment is to enter in favor of the defendants, William A. McCormack, Robert A. Miley and Bingham, Dana & Gould, and dismissing those Counts; on Counts III, IV, V, VI and VII of the amended complaint, judgment is to enter dismissing those Counts; and on Counts I, II and III of the counterclaims of Bingham, Dana & Gould and William McCormack, judgment is to enter dismissing those Counts.
Although he does not regularly practice law and retained counsel in this case, Altschuler essentially conducted the actual trial himself; the one exception was that Altschuler’s attorney, Jonathan Margolis, conducted the direct examination of Altschuler when the latter testified.
Altschuler effected the purchases at that time because he considered Altman to be interfering in a manner adverse to Altschuler’s interests in then pending litigation between Altschuler and several family members: nieces and a nephew, the children of Altschuler’s late brother. The litigation between Altschuler and his relatives (the Altschuler u. Altschuler case ) similarly concerned a dispute over Altschuler’s purchase of the family members’ interests in certain real estate. Indeed, some or all of the properties at issue between Altschuler and Altman were also involved in the dispute between Altschuler and his relatives.
Altman held a 3 percent financial interest in the East Hartford property, a 17 percent interest in the Portsmouth property, and a 331/3 percent interest in the 141 Tremont Street property.
These settlement negotiations are considered again below.
The testimony was conflicting on whose idea it was to offer the $375,000. McCormack testified that Altschuler insisted on making the offer in a last attempt to avoid the necessity of trial, whereas McCormack advised offering less, since any future settlement discussions would necessarily use the $375,000 as the base level from which to climb. Altschuler testified that McCormack recommended the $375,000 figure and he, Altschuler, acquiesced. Resolution of the conflict seems unnecessary, since there is no dispute that the offer was made with Altschuler’s approval, and rejected by Altman.
Altschuler denied that McCormack told him anything about the portion of conversation between McLaughlin and Flynn that McCormack had heard, or about what McCormack had said to McLaughlin. However, as the text indicates, I credit McCormack’s testimony that he did make the report. I am persuaded by McCormack’s more general testimony that throughout his representation of Altschuler, he reported promptly to Altschuler whenever something of note or significance occurred. It would thus be reasonable to expect, as McCormack testified, that he told Altschuler about the interaction on December 14 among Flynn, McLaughlin and himself.
Altschuler agreed that McCormack reported this conversation to him.
At trial in the present case, Altschuler stated — apparently for the first time — that when McCormack emerged from the December 18, 1989 lobby conference, McCormack told Altschuler not only that he would have to pay $500,000 to settle the case but that Judge Todd had announced during the lobby conference that there would be a finding in the case against Altschuler in the amount of $500,000.1 cannot credit Altschuler’s testimony about McCormack’s alleged statement as to the proposed finding by Judge Todd. As of December 18, the judge had not yet heard any evidence from either side’s experts about the value of the properties in question or about the value of Altman’s minoriiy interests; in fact, one of the main reasons for the lobby conference on that date was to schedule the expert witnesses. The likelihood that Judge Todd would announce his resolution of the jury-waived case before he had heard a significant portion of the evidence is slim indeed. It is equally unlikely that McCormack would fabricate such a proposed finding on Judge Todd’s part. Moreover, on December 26, 1989, Altschuler wrote his BD&G attorneys a long directive about the status of the evidence and points to make in the upcoming closing arguments. (Trial exhibit 33.) Altschuler makes no mention in that directive of the fact that the judge had apparently had already made up his mind, a fairly significant point one would surmise.
Altschuler was not present for the expert witness testimony. He had gone to Florida on or about December 21, 1989 to be with his ill wife, and did not return to Boston until early January, 1990.
Altschuler had an additional expert, Mark Thompson, who focused entirely on the issue of the proper discount factor to apply to Altman’s interests in the three properties.
In reaching this number, the judge indicated he would adopt a discount factor (apparently 35 percent) that was within the range provided by Altschuler’s expert witness, Mark Thompson, rather than a much lower discount factor as proposed by Altman’s real estate expert, Webster Collins.
The parties agree that as of the end of 1989, interest on a judgment of $500,000 would have come fairly close to $250,000 (approximately 48 percent).
Flynn testified that at some point between these two dates Altschuler had directed or authorized him to settle the case for $500,000. In his testimony, Altschuler denied having done so. However, it appears that in 1992 Altschuler told McCormack during a telephone conversation that after December 28, 1989, he did tell Flynn to settle the case for an amount between $240,000 and $400,000, but did not inform McCormack at the time that he had given this direction to Flynn. (See exhibit 30, which is a copy of handwritten notes McCormack took of that telephone conversation.) In the circumstances I credit Flynn’s testimony that he was given authority to seek a settlement of the case after December 28, 1989, and also accept that the authorized figure was probably closer to $500,000 rather than something less than $400,000; in light of Judge Todd’s announced proposed findings, a settlement $400,000 or less would not have been in any way realistic. What the evidence also shows, however, is that Altschuler apparently backtracked about agreeing to such a settlement on or before January 11, 1990, only later to change his mind again and accept the settlement on or about January 16-18. (See below.) This vacillation about settlement appears to be a course of conduct Altschuler has followed in the past. (See below.)
Despite Altschuler’s and Bloom’s contrary testimony, I credit McCormack that these matters were touched on at the January 8 meeting. The second paragraph of Altschuler’s draft affidavit, quoted in the text immediately below, supports the conclusion that the subject of some sort of unauthorized settlement offer was likely to have been discussed while those present were reviewing the draft affidavit.
Flynn testified that at the January 11, 1990 conference between the lawyers and Judge Todd, he told the judge that Altschuler had given him authority to settle the case, but then had “pulled the plug” on a settlement; Flynn also stated one could infer from what he had said to the judge that Altschuler was lying. Both McCormack and Miley testified that they did not recall hearing Flynn make such statements. I credit Flynn’s testimony, which I consider in effect as a binding admission.
Flynn further testified that on or before January 16, 1990, he told Altschuler about the “Altschuler pulled the plug" comment he had made to Judge Todd. Altschuler denied that this occurred. I credit Altschuler on this point, and thus conclude that Flynn did not mention to Altschuler his remark to the judge before Altschuler settled the case.
I do not credit Altschuler’s contrary testimony. I am persuaded by the testimony of McCormack, of Miley (although his recollection was somewhat hazy) and of Flynn that Judge Todd made no remarks on January 11, 1990 about what he was going to find on the c. 93A portion of the case — that portion, after all, had not yet been tried in whole or in part — and accordingly, am also persuaded that neither Miley nor Flynn informed Altschuler, contrary to fact, that Judge Todd had indicated he would find against Altschuler on the c. 93A portion.
See exhibit 32.
See exhibit 31.
Again, the source of this evidence was testimony by McCormack as to what Altschuler had told him. I credit McCormack’s testimony. McCormack also testified, and I accept, that in an unrelated case in which McCormack was representing a party in suit against Altschuler, Altschuler had purported to settle the case but later backed away from the settlement on the grounds that he was not fully in possession of his faculties at the time.
Exhibits consisting of Altschuler’s demand letters under G.L.c. 93A to prior attorneys and a copy of a civil complaint against certain attorneys were admitted as exhibits in the portion of this case dealing with Flynn’s counterclaim against Altschuler under c. 93A, but not in the main case. However, during the trial of the main case, Altschuler responded on cross-examination to questions concerning his claims against the various attorneys representing him in the Altschuler v. Altschuler case. The findings here are based on both sources of evidence.
Immediately before the trial in this case began, BD&G waived and agreed to dismiss its counterclaims seeking to recover the unpaid amounts of the law firm’s bills, as well as its claim under G.L.c. 93A.
Walter McLaughlin was a witness at the trial of this case. Altschuler did not ask him any questions concerning his conversation of December 14, 1989 with Flynn. Thus the only evidence about it remains the snippet of conversation overheard by McCormack, since Flynn apparently did not recall specifics of any conversation with McLaughlin that day.
Altschuler seems to make much of the asserted fact that once Altman rejected his last pretrial offer to settle the case for $375,000, he did not want or authorize a settlement of the case, but rather wished to try it to conclusion; and that he consistently maintained this position until finally agreeing to settle on or about January 16, 1990. This “fact,” while historical in the sense that it relates to a past event, bespeaks revisionist history. McCormack and Flynn indicated, credibly, that settlement remained a viable topic well after the start of the trial, and indeed Altschuler himself on December 14 authorized McCormack to find out what Altman’s lowest settlement demand would be. It is true that the next day, December 15, Altschuler firmly told McCormack he would not settle the case, but I infer from the evidence concerning Altsculer’s conduct before, during and following the actual trial days that in the situation presented, his attorneys could reasonably understand that this might not be a permanent position on his part. Accordingly, when Judge Todd raised the topic of settlement during the December 18 lobby conference, I have no reason to conclude that Altschuler’s attorneys were bound to stop the discussion in its tracks by announcing categorically that Altschuler would not settle the case.
Nevertheless, I do note that if the causation-and-damage issue were reached, Altschuler would not prevail. What the undisputed evidence shows is that on December 28, 1989, Judge Todd laid out for the attorneys a reasonably detailed set of proposed findings on the values of the properties in question, the discount factor to be applied in valuing Altman’s minority interests, and the ultimate value of those interests. Judge Todd apparently concluded that Altschuler would owe Altman $500,000, the critical settlement figure, but no one testified that Judge Todd ever referred or averted to the previous settlement discussions at all in articulating his factual findings. It is not appropriate or possible to speculate about what was in Judge Todd’s mind as he reached his proposed findings. Glenn v. Aiken, 409 Mass. 699, 703-04 (1991) (“Probing the mental processes of a trial judge, that are not apparent on the record of the trial proceeding, is not permissible”). One must live with the evidence of what he actually stated. In the circumstances, assuming the burden would be on Flynn to prove his alleged breach did not cause damage to Altschuler, see Deerfield Plastics Co. v. Hartford Ins. Co., 404 Mass. 484, 486-87 and n. 3 (1989); see also Glenn v. Aiken, 409 Mass. 699, 706 (1991); Glidden v. Terranova, 12 Mass.App.Ct. 597, 600 (1981); Flynn would be likely to meet the burden. The evidence of Judge Todd’s findings provides a persuasive basis for his decision that is unconnected to Flynn’s mention of $500,000 during the December 18 lobby conference. There is simply no actual evidence, as opposed to speculation, to support a conclusion that the judge’s findings and Flynn’s remarks were linked. And when one focuses on the findings themselves, it is evident that a $500,000 settlement in the Altman case was reasonable, since the findings indicated the likely judgment was to be at least this amount plus almost four years of interest at twelve percent.
Altschuler argues that the expert witnesses for both sides in the Altman case essentially testified Altman’s minority interests in the properties at issue had no fair market value because of the terms of the nominee trust agreements. From this he concludes that there would be no reasonable basis to conclude he owed Altman any more than what he had paid. The conclusion is flawed. The logical extension of Altschuler’s argument is that he should have had to pay Altman nothing at all when he purchased the latter’s interests in the properties, or at most should have repaid Altman whatever small amount he had put into the properties. But Altshuler himself must not have accepted this view, since he paid more than $1 million to Altman before trial began. The point is that Altschuler’s obligations to Altman when purchasing Altman’s interests under the nominee trust agreements are not completely or directly defined by what an independent third party might pay Altman to acquire his minority interests. Judge Todd did apply a significant discount percentage in valuing Altman’s interests under the nominee trust agreements, but he still arrived at a figure over what Altschuler had previously paid.
After the close of Altschuler’s case, the BD&G defendants moved for dismissal of at least the breach of fiduciary duty claim on the grounds that Altschuler did not bring the claim within the three year limitations period. The defendants have renewed this argument for dismissal post-trial. There is substantial merit to the contention that Altschuler’s claim is time-barred, but since the merits of the claim were fully tried and I have determined as a factual matter that the claim fails, I have no need in the end to rule on the limitations issue.
For example, any claim that the fees charged were excessive or that the legal work performed was negligent.
When a client discharges his or her attorney, the attorney may not recover on the contract of employment, but is limited to the reasonable value of the services rendered on a theory of quantum meruit. Opert v. Mellios, 415 Mass. 634, 636 (1993). There was no evidence here that Altschuler actually discharged Flynn — it seems rather that the contract of employment came to a natural end when the Altman case settled. But the point is insignificant because Flynn does not contend there was a formal or written fee agreement or contract between him and Altschuler in this case.
| CASELAW |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/'Tards
The result was Speedily deleted as a nonsense article. (aeropagitica) (talk) 10:24, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
'Tards
Neologism made up by users of an Internet bulletin board. Elmer Clark 06:46, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
* Delete. Note that Tard already exists, as a redirect to Retard, which correctly identifies the term as "colloquial, usually considered offensive". TruthbringerToronto (Talk | contribs) 07:13, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete Appears to be an attack page on people from Melbourne. --Spartaz 08:02, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
* Strong Delete — as neologism and attack page. Kalani [talk] 08:16, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Frederick G. Payne
Frederick George Payne (July 24, 1904 – June 15, 1978) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Maine from 1953 to 1959. He previously served as the 60th Governor of Maine from 1949 to 1952.
Early life and education
Frederick Payne was born in Lewiston, Maine, to Frederick and Nellie (née Smart) Payne. He received his early education at public schools in his native city, graduating from Jordan High School. As a child, he worked as a newsboy, grocery clerk, theater usher, and dishwasher. He studied at the Bentley School of Accounting and Finance in Boston, Massachusetts, graduating in 1925.
Early business and political career
Payne then worked as a financial manager and chief disbursing officer for the Maine & New Hampshire Theaters Company, which operated 132 movie theaters in New England. He began his political career as mayor of Augusta, serving from 1935 to 1941. In 1940, he unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for Governor of Maine, losing to state Senator Sumner Sewall. After Sewall was elected governor, he named Payne as the state finance commissioner and budget director. He resigned in 1942 in order to serve with the U.S. Air Force during World War II, reaching the rank of a lieutenant colonel. Following his military service, he worked as manager of Waldoboro Garage Company from 1945 to 1949.
Governor of Maine
In 1948, Payne was elected the 60th Governor of Maine after defeating his Democratic opponent, Biddeford mayor Louis Lausier, by a margin of 66%-34%. He was later re-elected in 1950, defeating Democrat Earl Grant by 61%-39%. During his tenure, he created a two-percent sales tax, expanded the Maine Development Commission, and began a long-range highway modernization program financed by a $27 million bond issue.
During Payne's second term as governor, he was accused of accepting a bribe involving the state liquor industry. A wine bottler claimed he paid $12,000 to a Boston promotion man for the latter's supposed influence with Payne and the state liquor chairman. However, after testifying before a special investigating committee, Payne was cleared of all charges.
U.S. Senator
In 1952, Payne was elected to the U.S. Senate. He defeated incumbent Senator Owen Brewster in the Republican primary, and went on to defeat Democrat Roger P. Dube in the general election.
During the late 1950s, after a series of lurid magazine articles and Hollywood films helped to sensationalize youth gangs and violence, Payne supported legislation to ban automatic-opening or switchblade knives. During congressional hearings, Payne suggested that he believed immigrants to be the source of gang violence: "Isn't it true that this type of knife, switchblade knife, in its several different forms, was developed, actually, abroad, and was developed by the so-called scum, if you want to call it, or the group who are always involved in crime?" The ban on switchblade knives was eventually enacted into law as the Switchblade Knife Act of 1958. Senator Payne and other congressmen supporting the Switchblade Knife Act believed that by stopping the importation and interstate sales of automatic knives (effectively halting sales of new switchblades), the law would reduce youth gang violence by blocking access to what had become a symbolic weapon. However, while switchblade imports, domestic production, and sales to lawful owners soon ended, later legislative research demonstrated that youth gang violence rates had in fact rapidly increased, as gang members turned to firearms instead of knives. Payne did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
Payne was soundly defeated for reelection in 1958 by Democratic Governor Ed Muskie. He died in 1978 in Waldoboro, Maine, aged 73. | WIKI |
Montjuïc Funicular
The Montjuïc Funicular (Funicular de Montjuïc; Funicular de Montjuic) is a funicular railway in the city of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. The railway mainly runs through a tunnel and connects the Barcelona Metro's Paral·lel station (with connections to lines L2 and L3) with the hill of Montjuïc and the various sporting facilities and other attractions there.
The upper station of the funicular is adjacent to the lower station of the Montjuïc Cable Car, a gondola lift that continues uphill to a terminal near the Montjuïc Castle at the summit of the hill. There is also a bus stop serviced by the 150 line which runs from the upper station of the funicular to the castle's summit and is part of the same fare network as the funicular, providing a free transfer to the castle as an alternative to the cable car.
Overview
The funicular is part of the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità integrated fare network and is listed on maps as part of the metro network. It is operated by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), which also operates most of the metro lines.
The funicular is one of three funiculars in Barcelona, the other two being the Funicular de Vallvidrera and the Funicular del Tibidabo, although neither of these is operated by TMB.
Technical parameters
The railway has a single track configuration with a passing loop between stations. The track is 758 m long and rises 76 m at a maximum 18% gradient. The railway has a maximum speed of 10 m/s.
History
The railway was opened in 1928 in order to serve the International Exhibition of 1929. Until around 1970, the funicular included a second upper stage that linked the current upper station with Montjuïc Castle. This connection is now provided by the Montjuïc Cable Car.
In preparation for the 1992 Summer Olympics, the railway was extensively reconstructed that year in order to serve the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys stadium and other Olympic facilities that were built on the Montjuïc hill. | WIKI |
Bleeding disorders (Coagulopathy)
Would you like to know what lab results mean? DDxHub - Differential Diagnosis Hub helps to understand and explains your blood test.
Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions that result when the blood cannot clot properly. In normal clotting, platelets stick together and form a plug at the site of an injured blood vessel. Proteins in the blood called clotting factors then interact to form a fibrin clot, which holds the platelets in place and allows healing to occur at the site of the injury while preventing blood from escaping the blood vessel. While too much clotting can lead to heart attack and stroke, the inability to form clots can be very dangerous as well, as it can result in excessive bleeding. Bleeding disorders: Acquired platelet function defects; Congenital platelet function defects; Congenital protein C or S deficiency; Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); Factor II deficiency; Factor V deficiency; Factor VII deficiency; Factor X deficiency; Factor XII deficiency; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP); Von Willebrand's disease; Hemophilia is perhaps the most well-known bleeding disorder, although it is relatively rare. It affects mostly males. Many more people are affected by von Willebrand disease, the most common bleeding disorder in America. Von Willebrand disease can affect both males and females. Bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease result when the blood lacks certain clotting factors. These diseases are almost always inherited, although in rare cases they can develop later in life if the body forms antibodies that fight against the blood's natural clotting factors. Individuals and pregnant women with a family history of bleeding disorders should talk to their doctors about detection and treatment.
Symptoms:
Laboratory Test Procedures:
easy bruising
mucosal bleeding
prolonged bleeding
menorrhagia
heavy bleeding from small cuts or dental work
RBC
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Platelet Count
Fibrinogen
Immature Granulocyte %
Protime/INR
PTT
Reticulocyte Count
BUN
DDxHub Differential Diagnosis online system provides with more lab test procedures...
You have symptoms and blood work results. How do they correlate? What is the health condition? Some disorders have similar signs and laboratory values. DDxHub helps to define a right diagnosis. Run DDxHub now and enter symptoms and test results.
All information on this page is intended for your general knowledge only and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See Additional Information | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Taxes - Get Them Done
This got buried in the daily discussion, so I'll post it:
Get your taxes finished.
TL;DR: \*\*\* GME CONTENT: If you are 100% invested and owe, file by Monday 5/17 and get the payment plan. Unless you have cash or NON-GME shares, in which case you need to sell today (Thursday 5/13) so the funds clear T+2, which is Monday 5/17 - the deadline.
\*\*\*\*\*\* If you are 100% in GME and owe, DON'T sell GME unless there is no other way. File the taxes by Monday and get the payment plan. Pay the modest interest, and save your GME shares for the MOASS.
​
The late filing and late payment interest penalties seem small, but they add up quick, because they are assessed daily and monthly. That said, if you don't owe money, you can get an extension to October.
If you do owe, you need to pay by 5/17 or get the penalties. It's 0.5% Fed late payment + 3% per month. Plus state. Plus Fed late filing penalty which is assessed daily, and the two are added together.
If you owe and don't have the funds, you can apply for a payment plan, which you can do when you file (doing it after you file is still possible, but it's not as easy). That interest is less.
At least do the paperwork and file, even if you can't pay. That is much cheaper. If you don't owe a lot, the interest is not too bad.
​
TurboTax is your friend, and you can download it and get taxes done in a few hours or less if you have your W2's and other docs, as applicable. It's very easy. They walk you through it step by step.
It is available on CD in stock at Staples and other office supply places if you would rather. Or use their free product from the website on a phone. [Intuit.com](https://intuit.com/) . They have a tool to help you select which version you need, based on your situation. All the way from simple to business.
You can file electronically same day (finish taxes by Monday) using TurboTax. Free (for most states), Fed and State. You get 1 state free when you purchase. You can do multiple returns.
Otherwise you can print the return and mail, and it's on time as long as it's postmarked Monday 5/17 (most post offices open until 4:30 or 5 for last call). Same for mailing the check. I think you can also pay electronically online using TurboTax, using credit or debit card, or bank account.
​
\*\*\* You can also automatically import all your brokerage statements directly into TurboTax. It includes Just about every broker there is. Make sure you get the correct version though - the cheapest versions may not include the stocks function (check the product selector matrix on the Intuit website for which of the 4 or 5 versions you need).
If you have a lot of trades, especially at different cost basis', or wash sales because you repeatedly bought and sold the same stocks, this is really a time saver. This works very well, and it's very easy and fast.
​
Also consider opening an IRA, which will likely save you on taxes, depending on your situation - $6K contribution limit, or $7K 50 and older. Many big brokers offer IRA's, and it is quick and painless to apply online and fund it from your investment account. You have to contribute by (generally) close of business 5/17 for the IRA to count as a deduction for this year.
A Traditional or Roth IRA is one of the better deductions you can get. It reduces your adjusted gross income, which can even change you from owing to getting a refund in some cases, while you keep a lot of the money. Especially with broker IRA's, you can own major stocks in the IRA account including GME, ETF's, mutual funds, etc.
You don't pay taxes on the capital gains in an IRA until you withdraw the money, generally Starting at 70-1/2 years old, when you will likely be in a lower tax bracket. You can get hardship withdrawals or loans against an IRA without withdrawing the funds and paying the 10% early withdrawal penalty, if needed.
​
If I can do this, you can do it too. It's not super hard.
​
\*\* This is not investment or tax advice. I am not a financial advisor or a tax professional. If in doubt, seek professional tax help. This is just some info from my long experience, to assist those apes who said they were late in starting taxes. So they have a few options, and some info. Or to give potential options for those that might freak out about a potential tax bill, and think they need to sell GME - because they might not have to sell, and nobody wants to sell GME right now. Knowledge is power!
​
I will update this later. But I'm super busy right now This was just supposed to be a quick post to get info out to apes before market close on Thursday 3/13.
​
I flagged this DD so people will see it, since it is very time sensitive (today, this weekend). Mods re-flair to Education if needed. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Spindle Midzone Microtubule-Associated Proteins Ase1p and Cin8p Affect the Number and Orientation of Astral Microtubules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract
The nucleus of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae has to move to the bud neck during mitosis in order for proper DNA segregation to take place. This movement is mediated by spindle and astral microtubules, and it relies on forces generated by microtubule-associated motor proteins. When budding yeast cells express the non-cleavable cohesin subunit, Scc1-RRDD, sister chromatid separation is blocked, preventing the spindle from elongating. Thus, in the presence of Scc1-RRDD nuclear positioning is mediated solely by forces acting through astral microtubules. We have previously shown that under these conditions cells exit mitosis with the nucleus in the mother cells, and that the position of the nucleus is determined, at least in part, by the FEAR pathway, which regulates various aspects of mitotic exit. When the FEAR pathway is inactivated, cells expressing Scc1-RRDD exit mitosis with the nucleus in the daughter cells (referred to as a “daughterly phenotype”). In order to find additional proteins that participate in nuclear positioning, we screened a series of mutant strains for those that displayed a daughterly phenotype when Scc1-RRDD was expressed. The most prominent defects were seen in ase1Δ and cin8Δ mutant cells. Both Ase1p and Cin8p were previously shown to be nuclear and to be involved in spindle function. We show here that deletion of ASE1 or CIN8 causes a defect in SPB separation and leads to an abnormal number of astral microtubules and a change in their orientation within the cell. Taken together, these results suggest that in budding yeast Ase1p and Cin8p affect nuclear positioning through astral microtubule-dependent mechanisms.
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The Spindle Midzone Microtubule-Associated Proteins Ase1p and Cin8p Affect the Number and Orientation of Astral Microtubules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Let's All Chant/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: CyrockingSmiler (talk • contribs) 09:34, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
Hi! I'll be starting the review shortly. CyrockingSmiler (talk) 09:34, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
The article is perfectly fine now. Promoting it to GA status. Good job! CyrockingSmiler (talk) 12:31, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
Links
* Disambiguation: None found
* External:Some external links are really dodgy or dead. Click on the "External links" in the GA toolbox and fix/ replace them.
References/ Bibliography
It's all good.
Prose
* Lead
* "Let's All Chant has been well received by critics, who have praised its musical arrangement and its catchiness. Many reviewers have regarded the song as a classic of the disco era" Let's all chant was well received by critics, who praised its musical arrangement and its catchiness. Many reviewers regard the song as a classic of the disco era.
* Background and recording
* Everything's good.
* Commercial performance and sales
* Composition should be put before this section. Critical reception should be a stand-alone section.
* Composition and critical reception
* "Critically, Henderson gives two different aspects of the track. While he views "Let's All Chant" as "quirky", as one of the most "unorthodox disco hits of 1978" and describes its lyrics as "usual disco clichés", he also highlights its "excellence" and finds the song both "infectious" and "interesting" Alex Henderson from AllMusic called the song "quirky, infectious and interesting" and one of the most "unorthodox hits of 1978", although he criticized the lyrics for being "usual disco clichés."
* On their book Saturday Night Forever: The Story of Disco, Alan Jones and Jussi Kantonen describe the song as "supremely catchy and melodic, with a quite miraculous classical chamber music-style break in the middle" and consider the track an "anthem", "a key recording that instantly defines the disco era." In their book Saturday Night Forever: The Story of Disco, Alan Jones and Jussi Kantonen described the song as being "supremely catchy and melodic, with a quite miraculous classical chamber music-style break in the middle" and considered the track "a key recording that instantly defines the disco era."
* "They also regard "Let's All Chant" as "the high point" in Michael Zager's career" They also regarded "Let's All Chant" as the high point in Michael Zager's career.
* "In 2006, Slant Magazine ranked the song 50 in its 100 Greatest Dance Songs list, describing the song as a "deft mix of disco, funk and baroque-pop", specifying it is "the song's breakdown that makes "Chant" so special"." In 2006, Slant Magazine ranked the song no. 50 in its 100 Greatest Dance Songs list, describing it as a "deft mix of disco, funk and baroque-pop" and writing that the song's breakdown made it special.
* Track listings
* Everything's ok.
* Charts and sales
* Fix the bad links in this section.
* Impact and influence
* "Following its release and its worldwide success, "Let's All Chant" brought Michael Zager to mainstream success[2] and became a turning point in his career" Following the song's release and worldwide success, "Let's All Chant" introduced Michael Zager in the mainstream and became a turning point in his career.
* "The song allowed Private Stock to promote Michael Zager Band forthcoming eponymous LP and contributed to its success." Private Stock promoted Michael Zager Band's eponymous LP due to the success of the song. It became a contributing factor the success of the LP.
* Appearances
* Let's All Chant" was heard in the 1978 movie Eyes of Laura Mars, when Laura Mars was setting up an elaborate shoot juxtaposing murder and high fashion.
* The song is featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 movie The Last Days of Disco.
* It is used in the 1999 movie Summer of Sam.
* "Let's All Chant" was heard in the end credits of the Top of the Pops episode dated April 13, 1978.
The rest of the article is good. If you fix the prose and the links within a week I'll promote it to GA status. CyrockingSmiler (talk) 10:10, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
* The so-called "dead links" which appear here are not exactly "dead". I used the Wayback Machine template so the info can be retrieved (cf. references 10, 11, 43 and 55). But anyway, thank you very much for your help. Synthwave.94 (talk) 15:18, 17 August 2014 (UTC)
GA review – see WP:WIAGA for criteria
* 1) Is it reasonably well written?
* A. Prose quality:
* B. MoS compliance:
* 1) Is it factually accurate and verifiable?
* A. References to sources:
* B. Citation of reliable sources where necessary:
* C. No original research:
* 1) Is it broad in its coverage?
* A. Major aspects:
* B. Focused:
* 1) Is it neutral?
* Fair representation without bias:
* 1) Is it stable?
* No edit wars, etc:
* 1) Does it contain images to illustrate the topic?
* A. Images are copyright tagged, and non-free images have fair use rationales:
* B. Images are provided where possible and appropriate, with suitable captions:
* 1) Overall:
* Pass or Fail:
In my opinion, this article is adequate for GA classification. Well done! CyrockingSmiler (talk) 12:31, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
* You probably don't know it but you helped me improving an article which was a redirect for a whole year. I proved a redirect can be changed into a good article and I hope I would be able to do the same thing with other articles/redirects. Thank you very much for your review. Synthwave.94 (talk) 13:29, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
* You're most welcome and you really did write this article in a cohesive and lucid way. Once again, congratulations! CyrockingSmiler (talk) 18:47, 18 August 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Thomas Snagge (c.1564–1627)
Sir Thomas Snagge (c.1564 – 1627) of Marston Moretaine, Bedfordshire, was an English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff.
He was the eldest son of the lawyer and MP Thomas Snagge and studied law at Gray's Inn himself before succeeding his father to his Bedfordshire estates in 1593.
He sat in Parliament for a single term in 1586/87 as the MP for Bedford and was knighted by King James I in 1603. He served as a Justice of the Peace for the county and was pricked High Sheriff of Bedfordshire for 1607-08.
He died in 1627 and was buried at Marston Moretaine. He had married a daughter of the Bedfordshire MP George Rotheram and left two sons, Thomas and Edward. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/IDS NEXT Software (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. Kurykh (talk) 06:03, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
IDS NEXT Software
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
No evidence of notability or passing WP:ORG. Sources (if any) are mostly press releases not independent sources. Last AFD closed with no contributors. Ajf773 (talk) 04:39, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. Ajf773 (talk) 04:39, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Ajf773 (talk) 04:39, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions. Ajf773 (talk) 04:39, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Delete. WP:CORPSPAM, etc. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:27, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Delete: The article does no more than describe a company going about its business (developing its software, providing client training):run of the mill activity rather than indicating encyclopaedic notability. Nor do the given sources or those found by search, including the tailored Indian news source search, indicate better. Fails WP:CORPDEPTH, WP:GNG. AllyD (talk) 09:02, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Delete: Any article that says they provide solutions while the subject has nothing at all to do with solvents was written by marketing. Even if the company were notable from being around so long, it would need to have an article in English. W Nowicki (talk) 23:18, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Delete Blatant WP:PROMO. CAPTAIN RAJU (✉) 20:19, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Armando Marenzi
Armando Marenzi (born 16 March 1966) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player.
Playing career
Marenzi started his career in hometown club Šibenik, where he played for 25 years, including his youth career. In 1988, he moved to Spartak Subotica where he made his debut in the Yugoslav First League. However during the season's winter break, Marenzi returned to Šibenik playing back then in the Second League all the way until 1992, after which the club became part of the newly formed Croatian Prva HNL. In 1992, he joined France's Ligue 2, playing two years for Avignon, but after went to the Greek second division, signing with Panargiakos during the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons. In 1996, Marenzi joined Greek first division club Panserraikos.
At the age of 32, he returned to Šibenik to play in the Prva HNL. In December 2001, Marenzi moved to Zrinjski Mostar. He ended his career at Zrinjski in 2003.
Early career
After finishing his playing career, Marenzi committed himself to a managerial career. He has an UEFA Pro Licence. His big wish is to one day be manager of Šibenik and Zrinjski, one of the clubs in which he played during his career.
Hajduk Split
Marenzi was hired by Hajduk Split in August 2011 to be the manager of the U11 team. In December 2012, he was the manager of the U15 team, then in 2015 of the U19 team, while in 2016, Marenzi became the first-team assistant manager to Hari Vukas.
RNK Split
In April 2018, Marenzi was named as the new manager of Croatian Second League club RNK Split.
Željezničar
On 18 June 2021, Tomislav Ivković became the new manager of Bosnian Premier League club Željezničar, with Marenzi being announced as his assistant.
Borac Banja Luka
In December 2021, Tomislav Ivković left Željezničar and later, in January 2022, became the new sporting director of Borac Banja Luka, while Marenzi also left Željezničar and joined Borac as a coach.
Al-Wasl Dubai
In August 2022, Marenzi became the new manager of the under-17 team of Al Wasl. | WIKI |
Portal:Literature/Did you know/Week 9
... that Mateo Alemán's Guzmán de Alfarache, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen's (pictured) Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus, and Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrews are picaresque novels?
... that "Better authentic mammon than a bogus god" is the epigraph of Elizabeth George's latest novel, What Came Before He Shot Her (2006), and that it has been taken from Louis MacNeice's Autumn Journal?
... that William Caxton was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer, the first English person to work as a printer and to introduce a printing press into England, and also the first English retailer of books?
... that The Road (2006) is a post-apocalyptic novel by Cormac McCarthy?
... that Philip Freneau's poem, "The Indian Burying Ground" (1787), was one of the first to idealize the indigenous peoples of the Americas?
... that Thomas Mann once said that if one had to reduce one's library to six novels, Fontane's Effi Briest would have to be one of them?
... that the Douay-Rheims Bible, a Catholic translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English, was an impressive effort by English Catholics to support the Counter Reformation? | WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths FERENTZ, AVERY HUGH, D.C.
FERENTZ-Avery Hugh, D.C. Sudden and unexpected at age 49 on August 18, 2002. Former President of the International College of Applied Kinesiology. Long time chiropractic practitioner in the Columbus Circle area. Nationally known and well respected lecturer in his field. Beloved husband of Satu. Devoted father of Jennifer Pia. Loving son of Leslie and Sylvia. Dear brother of Maris and Stu Blechner, Cheryl and Saul Polenberg, Kevin and Lisa Ferentz and Tuula Koraska, son-in-law of Helena Himanka, brother-in-law of Donita Malone. Also survived by a whole family of nieces, nephews, friends, colleagues and patients who loved him. Services Tuesday, 11:45 AM at ''The Riverside'', 76th St., and Amsterdam Avenue. In lieu of flowers and baskets donations may be made to: ARMDI 888 7th Avenue, suite 403, NYC 10106. FERENTZ-Avery. The Community of West End Synagogue deeply mourns the sudden loss of its Member, Avery Ferentz. We will miss his intelligence, humor, and the love and warmth he obviously felt for his wife, Satu, surely, but especially for their young daughter, Jennie. Our sympathies go out to them, his parents, Sylvia and Leslie Ferentz, and their entire family. West End Synagogue, A Reconstructionist Congregation Rabbi Yael Ridberg Cantor Mordechai Schram, Karen Kolodny, President | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
It’s no secret that High Blood Pressure can lead to Erectile Dysfunction Anxiety.
There has been ongoing research and studies conducted in the control and treatment of high blood pressure, discovering that high blood pressure is a major cause of erectile dysfunction anxiety.It has been estimated that 48% of the men between the ages of 39 and 79 with high blood pressure had Erectile Dysfunction Anxiety.
Here’s The Bottom Line, high blood pressure prevents the arteries from doing their job,carrying the blood into the penis.
The smooth muscle is affected by the lack of this blood flow resulting in Erectile Dysfunction Anxiety. Add on to this, the reality that your Testosterone Level May Be Low. And this being a male hormone needed in sexual arousal,the lack of it can lead to further Erectile Dysfunction Anxiety issues and problems.
High Blood pressure, as well as the medication for treatment, can lead to erectile dysfunction anxiety.
Two of the most commonly known to cause erectile dysfunction anxiety is Diuretics, or more commonly known as water pills. And Beta blockers, which are know to reduced the response to the nerve impulses that are needed for a healthy erection. The water pills decrease the force of blood flowing into the penis, and can deplete the zinc levels within the body.Zinc is needed in the production of testosterone. Lifestyle impacts high blood pressure andsexual functioning. Making the decision to smoke can affect your overall condition.Smoking increases blood pressure,and damages blood vessels, andreduces blood flow to the penis causing ongoing cycles of erectile dysfunction anxiety. Over time, high blood pressure damages the lining of the blood vessels and causes the arteries to harden and narrow resulting in atherosclerosis,limiting blood flow.
Even a single event of Erectile Dysfunction can lead to Anxiety.Fears that it will happen again may lead men to avoid sex all together,and this certainly would affect any partner they were involve with.
• Here’s The Bottom Bottom Line:
Blood Flow Is So Vital To Having A Strong Powerful Erection.The reason for this, is the very Anatomy Of The Penis.There are two side by side chambers of spongy tissue within the shaft of the penis called the corpora cavernosa regulating erections. And right below them,there is another chamber called the corpus spongiosum. The Urethra, which carries urine and semen,runs through the center of it.
The corpora cavernosa is a network of small arteries, veins,smooth muscle fiber, and empty spaces. The chambers are surrounded by a sheath of thin tissue.
When you get an erection resulting from getting nerve signals from the brain or from the nerve endings in your penis. The smooth muscles of the chambers relax and open for the on rush of blood to fill the empty spaces,resulting in an erection. So anything that prevents this functioning, limiting blood flow to the penis can create anxiety.
That’s the Bottom Bottom line..It’s Not Just About Your Penis…It’s About You As A Whole Person Connected From Within And From Without.One area of your life affecting another. Just like High Blood Pressure Resulting In Erectile Dysfunction Anxiety.
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Windermere, Durban
Windermere is a suburb in the heart of Durban, South Africa. The area includes the restaurant district of Florida Road and the factory shop district of Stamford Hill Road. | WIKI |
posthtml-miniprogram-replace
posthtml plugin for miniprogram transform **ml file
Keywords
node, JavaScript, posthtml, posthtml-plugin, plugin, replace, miniProgram
License
ISC
Install
npm install posthtml-miniprogram-replace@0.1.1
Documentation
posthtml-miniprogram-replace
介绍
替换小程序 ml 文件属性的 posthtml 插件
安装
yarn add posthtml-miniprogram-replace --dev
npm install posthtml-miniprogram-replace -D
使用
import posthtml from 'posthtml';
import { postHtmlReplace } from 'posthtml-miniprogram-replace';
const result = posthtml([postHtmlReplace({
sourceHtmlMap: {
"wx:if": "wx:if",
"wx:for": "wx:for"
},
htmlMap: {
"wx:if": "tt:if",
"wx:for": "tt:for"
},
extname: '.ttml',
})
.process(html, { sync: true })
.html
console.log(result)
转换前
<include src="./tpl/header.html" />
<import src="./tpl/toast.html" />
<view wx:if="{{ errPage }}" class="error-page"></view>
<view wx:for="{{list}}"></view>
转换后
<include src="./tpl/header.ttml" />
<import src="./tpl/toast.ttml" />
<view tt:if="{{ errPage }}" class="error-page"></view>
<view tt:for="{{list}}"></view> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nicomen Indian Band
Nicomen First Nation is a Nlaka'pamux First Nations government located near Lytton, British Columbia. It is a member of the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration as well as of the Scw’exmx Tribal Council, which are two of three tribal councils of the Nlaka'pamux people. The third is the Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council.
The Nicomen First Nation reserve community and offices are located near Lytton in the lower Thompson Canyon.
History
The Nicomen First Nation is located near the confluence of the Thompson and Nicoamen Rivers. It was in this area that the first major gold finds of what would become the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush were found, and the first quarrels between First Nations miners and American miners began, which would culminate in the Fraser Canyon War of the fall of 1858.
Demographics
The total population of the citizens of the Band, as of 2001 was 89.
Indian Reserves
Nicomen Indian Band has jurisdiction over the following reserves:
* Nicomen 1
* Kykinalko 2
* Sackum 3
* Gualada 3A
* Skhpowtz 4
* Klahkowit 5
* Sleetsis 6
* Shoskhost 7
* Unputpulquatum 8
* Skeikut 9
* Squianny 10
* Enhalt 11
* Skaynaneichst 12
* Naykikoulth 13
* Putkwa 14
* Shuouchten 15 | WIKI |
Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof283018951897roya).pdf/24
In 1779, we come across Captain LIGHT in one of these voyages; more than one reference being made to him in the Journal of Dr. KOENIG, the Danish Botanist, during that year. He met Captain LIGHT trading at Junk Ceylon in May, and at Malacca in November, 1779; and he refers to him in terms that show there was friendship between them, and that the Botanist found him an enlightened and sympathetic companion. It is curious that this MS. also contains for the first time a tolerably full mention of Penang and of the deep-water approaches in the North channel, which justified its selection by Captain LIGHT seven years later.
In 1780-1, a scheme had at last been matured for settling Junk Ceylon, through private subscription but with the consent of the Governor-General in Council (then WARREN HASTINGS). There is in the British Museum a Paper which bears on this scheme, being a description of Junk Ceylon transmitted by Captain LIGHT to Lord CORNWALLIS in his letter of 18th June, 1787. The wars with the French and Dutch in 1781-3 delayed its execution, and shortly after Captain LIGHT decided on the superior merits of Penang harbour. He was at first for settling at one and the same time in both places; but when the friendly ruler of Junk Ceylon died in December, 1785, it was finally resolved by the Governor-General to make the experiment at Penang alone, which the young Raja of Kedah had offered to cede for $6,000 a year.
In June, 1786, Captain LIGHT left Calcutta with Sir J. MACPHERSON'S authority to act. He was given 100 Native "new-raised Marines" and 30 Native Lascars, as well as 15 Artillerymen (European) and 5 Officers to support him in his undertaking to carry out the settlement of Penang. He first proceeded to Kedah. There he completed his negotiations, and provisioned his party. Sailing thence with three vessels on the evening of the 14th July, 1786, he anchored off Pulau Tikus the following day. The first two days he stayed on board, and was busy surveying the harbour and testing the | WIKI |
Source
SQLRat / src / main / clj / org / bituf / sqlrat / util.clj
(ns org.bituf.sqlrat.util
"Common utility functions"
(:use clojure.repl)
(:import [clojure.lang IFn Keyword IPersistentMap IPersistentVector]))
(def *show-sql* true)
(def *show-sql-results* false)
(def *assert-args* true)
(defn bad-arg!
"Throw IllegalArgumentException with specified arguments. Use this when you
encounter bad/invalid parameters."
[reason & more]
(throw (IllegalArgumentException. (apply str reason more))))
(defn vstr
"Verbose str"
[s]
(if-let [x s] x "<nil>"))
(defn arg
"Apply f? (must return Boolean) to arg - return true when asserted true,
throw exception otherwise."
[f? arg]
(if (f? arg) true
(bad-arg! "Invalid argument " (vstr arg) " (Expected: " (:name (meta f?))
", Found: " (vstr (type arg)) ")")))
(defn assert-arg
"Assert specified argument using the function f?, which must return Boolean."
[f? param]
(assert (arg f? param)))
(defn assert-as
[item expected-type]
(assert (instance? Class expected-type))
(try
(assert (isa? (type item) expected-type))
(catch AssertionError e
(throw (AssertionError. (str "Expected " expected-type " but found "
(type item)))))))
(defn as-vector
"Convert anything to a vector and return the result"
[anything]
(if (vector? anything) anything
(if (or (seq? anything) (set? anything)) (into [] anything)
(if (map? anything) (into [] (vals anything))
[anything]))))
(defn as-set
"Convert anything to a set and return the result"
[anything]
(if (set? anything) anything
(if (or (seq? anything) (vector? anything)) (into #{} anything)
(if (map? anything) (into #{} (vals anything))
[anything]))))
(defn as-map
"Convert any collection to a map and return the result"
[anything]
(if (map? anything) anything
(if (coll? anything) (apply array-map anything)
(bad-arg! (str "Expected collection, but found " (type anything) ": "
anything))))) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tax Deductible Theatre Company
The result was d elete. - Mailer Diablo 10:13, 13 April 2007 (UTC)
Tax Deductible Theatre Company
A non-notable small theatre company in London. It is not notable, and just tells about the theatre. Fails WP:CORP. Cool Blue Light my Fire! 12:51, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - external links are to their site and MySpace, so no evidence of multiple non-trivial coverage in independent sources to meet WP:CORP. Delete unless multiple reliable sources are added to the article by the end of this AfD. Wal ton Vivat Regina! 15:03, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. Per nom. I've tried to find some independant online sources but to no avail, really. -- Seed 2.0 23:56, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Category talk:Deep sea fish
New categories
We should add new categories for deep sea fish which talk about the layer they are commonly found in. There are many layers as seen here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wfm_pelagic.png Klichka (talk) | WIKI |
spindleworm
Noun
* 1) The larva of a noctuid moth which feeds inside the stalks of maize, sometimes causing much damage. It is smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of black dots across each segment. | WIKI |
St. Vitus's Church
St. Vitus's Church, or similar, may refer to:
* Church of St. Vitus (Chicago), Illinois, United States
* St. Vitus's Church, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
* St. Vitus Church (Český Krumlov), Czech Republic
* St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague, Czech Republic
* St. Vitus Cathedral in Rijeka, Croatia
* St. Vitus's Parish Church, Šentvid pri Planini, Šentjur, Slovenia
* Basilica of St. Vitus, Mönchengladbach, Germany
* St. Vitus' Abbey on the Rott, Neumarkt-Sankt Veit, Mühldorf, Bavaria, Germany.
* St. Vitus church, Gärtringen, Germany
* Protestant church of Wyns, Wyns, Netherlands | WIKI |
The Ontario Building Code | Equivalent Static Force Procedure for Structures Satisfying the Conditions of Article 4.1.8.7.
4.1.8.11. Equivalent Static Force Procedure for Structures Satisfying the Conditions of Article 4.1.8.7.
(1) The static loading due to earthquake motion shall be determined according to the procedures given in this Article.
(2) The minimum lateral earthquake force, V, shall be calculated using the formula,
V = S (Ta) MvIEW/ (RdRo)
except,
(a) for walls, coupled walls and wall-frame systems, V shall not be less than,
S (4.0) Mv IEW/ (RdRo)
(b) for moment-resisting frames, braced frames and other systems, V shall not be less than,
S (2.0) Mv IEW/ (RdRo)
(c) for buildingslocated on a site other than Class F and having an SFRS with an Rdequal to or greater than 1.5, V need not be greater than,
(3) The fundamental lateral period, Ta, in the direction under consideration in Sentence (2) shall be determined as,
(a) for moment-resisting frames that resist 100% of the required lateral forces and where the frame is not enclosed by or adjoined by more rigid elements that would tend to prevent the frame from resisting lateral forces, and where hn is in metres,
(i) 0.085 (hn)3/4for steel moment frames,
(ii) 0.075 (hn)3/4for concrete moment frames, or
(iii) 0.1 N for other moment frames,
(b) 0.025 hn for braced frames where hn is in metres,
(c) 0.05 (hn)3/4for shear wall and other structures where hn is in metres, or
(d) other established methods of mechanics using a structural model that complies with the requirements of Sentence 4.1.8.3.(8), except that,
(i) for moment-resisting frames, Ta shall not be taken greater than 1.5 times that determined in Clause (a),
(ii) for braced frames, Tashall not be taken greater than 2.0 times that determined in Clause (b),
(iii) for shear wall structures, Ta shall not be greater than 2.0 times that determined in Clause (c),
(iv) for other structures, Ta shall not be taken greater than that determined in Clause (c), and
(v) for the purpose of calculating the deflections, the period without the upper limit specified in Subclauses (d)(i) to (iv) may be used, except that, for walls, coupled walls and wall-frame systems, Ta shall not exceed 4.0 s, and for moment-resisting frames, braced frames, and other systems, Ta shall not exceed 2.0 s.
(4) The weight, W, of the building shall be calculated using the formula,
(5) The higher mode factor, Mv, and its associated base overturning moment reduction factor, J, shall conform to Table 4.1.8.11.
Table 4.1.8.11.
Higher Mode Factor, Mv, and Base Overturning Reduction Factor, J(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentence 4.1.8.11.(5)
Item
Column 1
Sa(0.2)/Sa(2.0)
Column 2
Type of Lateral Resisting System
Column 3
MV For Ta ≤ 1.0
Column 4
MV For Ta = 2.0
Column 5
MV For Ta ≥4.0
Column 6
J For Ta ≤0.5
Column 7
J For Ta =2.0
Column 8
J For Ta ≥4.0
1.
Moment-resisting frames
1.0
1.0
(3)
1.0
0.9
(3)
Coupled walls(4)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
< 8.0
Braced frames
1.0
1.0
(3)
1.0
0.8
(3)
Walls, wall-frame systems
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
0.6
0.5
Other systems(5)
1.0
1.2
(3)
1.0
0.6
(3)
2.
Moment-resisting frames
1.0
1.2
(3)
1.0
0.7
(3)
Coupled walls(4)
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.7
0.6
≥8.0
Braced frames
1.0
1.5
(3)
1.0
0.6
(3)
Walls, wall-frame systems
1.0
2.2
3.0
1.0
0.4
0.3
Other systems(5)
1.0
2.2
(3)
1.0
0.4
(3)
Notes to Table 4.1.8.11.:
(1) For values of Mv between fundamental lateral periods, Ta, of 1.0 s and 2.0 s and between 2.0 s and 4.0 s, the product S(Ta) · Mv shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
(2) Values of J between fundamental lateral periods, Ta, of 0.5 s and 2.0 s and between 2.0 s and 4.0 s shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
(3) For fundamental lateral periods, Ta, greater than 2.0 s, use the values for Ta = 2.0.
(4) A "coupled wall" is a wall system with coupling beams, where at least 66% of the base overturning moment resisted by the wall system is carried by the axial tension and compression forces resulting from shear in the coupling beams.
(5) For hybrid systems, values corresponding to walls must be used or a dynamic analysis must be carried out as per Article 4.1.8.12.
(6) The total lateral seismic force, V, shall be distributed such that a portion, Ft, shall be assumed to be concentrated at the top of the building, where Ft, is equal to 0.07 TaV but need not exceed 0.25 V and may be considered as zero, where the fundamental lateral period, Ta, does not exceed 0.7 s; the remainder, V - Ft, shall be distributed along the height of the building, including the top level, in accordance with the formula,
(7) The structure shall be designed to resist overturning effects caused by the earthquake forces determined in Sentence (6) and the overturning moment at level x, Mx, shall be determined using the formula,
where,
Jx = 1.0 for hx ≥ 0.6hn, and
Jx = J + (1- J)(hx / 0.6hn) for hx,< 0.6hn
where,
J = base overturning moment reduction factor conforming to Table 4.1.8.11.
(8) Torsional effects that are concurrent with the effects of the forces mentioned in Sentence (6) and are caused by the simultaneous actions of the following torsional moments shall be considered in the design of the structure according to Sentence (10):
(a) torsional moments introduced by eccentricity between the centres of mass and resistance and their dynamic amplification, and
(b) torsional moments due to accidental eccentricities.
(9) Torsional sensitivity shall be determined by calculating the ratio Bx for each level x according to the following equation for each orthogonal direction determined independently:
Bx = δmax / δave
where,
B = maximum of all values of Bx in both orthogonal directions, except that the Bx for one-storey penthouses with a weight less than 10% of the level below need not be considered,
δmax = maximum storey displacement at the extreme points of the structure, at level x in the direction of the earthquake induced by the equivalent static forces acting at distances ± 0.10 Dnx from the centres of mass at each floor, and
δave = average of the displacements at the extreme points of the structure at level x produced by the above-mentioned forces.
(10) Torsional effects shall be accounted for as follows:
(a) for a buildingwith B ≤1.7 or where IEFaSa(0.2) is less than 0.35, by applying torsional moments about a vertical axis at each level throughout the building, derived for each of the following load cases considered separately,
(i) Tx = Fx(ex+ 0.10 Dnx), and
(ii) Tx= Fx(ex – 0.10 Dnx)
where Fx is the lateral force at each level determined according to Sentence (6) and where each element of the building is designed for the most severe effect of the above load cases, or
(b) for a buildingwith B >1.7, in cases where IEFaSa(0.2) is equal to or greater than 0.35, by a Dynamic Analysis Procedure as specified in Article 4.1.8.12.
(11) Where the fundamental lateral period, Ta, is determined by Clause (3)(d) and the building is constructed with more than 4 storeys of continuous wood construction and having a timber SFRS of shear walls with wood-based panels, braced frames or moment-resisting frames as defined in Table 4.1.8.9., the lateral earthquake force, V, as determined by Sentence (2) shall be multiplied by 1.2, but need not exceed that determined by Clause (2)(c). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
E2V-SDE: From Asynchronous Events to Fast and Continuous Video Reconstruction via Neural Stochastic Differential Equations
Jongwan Kim, DongJin Lee, Byunggook Na, Seongsik Park, Sungroh Yoon; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022, pp. 13556-13565
Abstract
Event cameras are bio-inspired sensors that measure per-pixel intensity changes asynchronously. These cameras operate in a low-latency, high dynamic range (HDR) and output a stream of events that encode the location, time and sign of the brightness changes. In recent years, numerous researchers in the field of event-based vision attempted to reconstruct HDR videos from events. However, these works do not provide videos with sufficiently good quality due to unrealistic artifacts, such as lack of temporal information from irregular and discontinuous data and deterministic modeling for continuous-time stochastic process. In this study, we overcome these difficulties by introducing a new model called E2V-SDE, which is a neural continuous time-state model consisting of a latent stochastic differential equation and a conditional distribution of the observation. Based on the learned dynamics, our model can rapidly reconstruct HDR video at desired time steps and make realistic predictions on unseen data called interpolation or extrapolation, which is not possible in previous works. In addition, we successfully adopted a variety of image composition techniques in video reconstruction with event data, further improving image clarity and temporal consistency between adjacent frames. By conducting extensive experiments on simulated and real-scene datasets, we verify that our model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches under various video reconstruction settings. In terms of image quality, the LPIPS score improves by up to 12% and the reconstruction speed is 87% higher than that of ET-Net.
Related Material
[pdf] [supp]
[bibtex]
@InProceedings{Kim_2022_CVPR, author = {Kim, Jongwan and Lee, DongJin and Na, Byunggook and Park, Seongsik and Yoon, Sungroh}, title = {E2V-SDE: From Asynchronous Events to Fast and Continuous Video Reconstruction via Neural Stochastic Differential Equations}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2022}, pages = {13556-13565} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lori Swanson
Lori Swanson (born December 16, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the attorney general of Minnesota from 2007 to 2019. She was the first female attorney general elected in Minnesota. In 2018, she ran for Governor of Minnesota with running mate U.S. Representative Rick Nolan finishing in third place in the Democratic-Farmer-Labor primary.
After leaving public office, Swanson founded a law firm with Mike Hatch, her predecessor as attorney general.
Early life and education
Swanson was born on December 16, 1966. She earned her undergraduate degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and her J.D. magna cum laude from William Mitchell College of Law in Saint Paul.
Early legal career
Swanson served as deputy attorney general during Mike Hatch's first term, and as solicitor general during his second term. She also served as chair of the Consumer Advisory Council to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., in 2006. Swanson was appointed to the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve board of governors in Washington, D.C., in 2004. Swanson was appointed as vice-chair of the council in 2005. She was appointed chair of the council in 2006.
2007–2010: First term
She was elected Minnesota Attorney General on November 7, 2006 and took office on January 2, 2007, becoming the first woman to serve as Minnesota's attorney general. She also became the first William Mitchell College of Law grad to serve as the Minnesota Attorney General, ending the University of Minnesota Law School's continued streak of holding the office since in 1929.
After being sworn in as attorney general, Swanson filed a series of lawsuits against life insurance companies that sold unsuitable annuities to senior citizens. She argued that the insurance companies were responsible for agents who sold long-term annuities with high surrender charge to the elderly. In 2007 and 2008, she sued several insurers, including Allianz Life Insurance Company, American Equity Life Insurance Company, Midland National Life Insurance company, AmeriUs Life Insurance Company and American Investors Life Insurance. The lawsuits resulted in settlements that provided for industry-wide reforms and hundreds of millions of dollars in refund offers to senior citizens. Swanson testified in the U.S. Senate Committee on Aging about the need for insurance companies to require sales agents to ensure the suitability of the sale of an insurance product.
As Swanson took office, the country was beginning to face a housing crisis and eventual recession spurred by predatory subprime mortgage lending. Before she took office, Swanson announced a predatory lending working group to make recommendations to legislators for reforming abuses in the mortgage industry. The group made a number of recommendations, such as the elimination of “no doc” mortgages in which a loan is issued without proof of a borrower's ability to repay it. Many of these proposals were enacted into law, and the Martin Luther King-inspired Drum Major Institute called them one of the 10 best public policy proposals in the United States. A New York Times editorial heralded the law in 2009. Swanson was asked to testify before the United States Congress and the Federal Reserve Board of Governors about the Minnesota reforms. During the housing crisis, Swanson filed 19 lawsuits against mortgage foreclosure companies that defrauded homeowners by charging thousands of dollars and falsely promising to help save their homes from foreclosure. Swanson entered into settlements with a number of national banks for their role in the foreclosure crisis, giving the money back to homeowners who were victimized by the banks’ conduct.
In 2007, a group of attorneys working for Swanson attempted to form a union with the help of AFSCME council 5 to improve their working conditions and provide some protection from being asked to violate the Minnesota Rules of Professional Conduct by bringing baseless lawsuits against individuals and organizations to suit Swanson's political aspirations. As of April 2017, three months into Swanson's tenure, at least 30 members of Swanson's staff had left the office. On March 7, 2008, MinnPost reported on the internal fight for unionization that was still ongoing, including reports that attorneys who did not support Swanson politically were given punishment assignments or were removed from cases. Later on that spring, in May 2008, an attorney who publicly advocated for the formation of a union, Amy Lawler, was fired by Swanson.
In 2009, Swanson filed a lawsuit against National Arbitration Forum (NAF), at that time the largest consumer arbitration organization in the country. NAF had been criticized by consumer advocacy groups, U.S. Senators, and Public Citizen for bias against consumers. Swanson alleged that NAF was owned by a group of equity funds that also were simultaneously affiliated with a national debt collection agency, Axiant, and the administration of the largest collection law firm at the time, Mann Brakken. In July 2009 NAF signed a consent order with Swanson agreeing to stop arbitrating consumer claims. Shortly thereafter, Axiant and Mann Bracken went out of business.
Swanson was re-elected on November 2, 2010, defeating Republican challenger Chris Barden.
2011–2014: Second term
In January 2012, Swanson sued Accretive Health, a billing and revenue consulting firm hired by two Twin Cities hospitals, for losing patient data on a lap top. At the time, Accretive was a multibillion-dollar publicly-traded company. The lawsuit expanded when Swanson discovered that, unbeknownst to the patients, the data was being used to calculate the “frailty condition” of patients, complete with a “complexity score” of the physical condition of patients. In April 2012, the lawsuit again expanded when Swanson alleged that Accretive embedded bill collectors in the emergency rooms of hospitals and demanded payment by patients before and during treatment. Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel then intervened on behalf of Chicago-based Accretive to stop the litigation, which Swanson declined to do. The litigation ended with Accretive paying a $2.5 million penalty and being banned from the state. Accretive is believed to be the first NYSE company to be banned from doing business in a state.
In April 2013, Swanson intervened in a proposed merger of South Dakota-based Sanford Health and Fairview Health Systems. The merger would have included the control of the University of Minnesota Hospital System by the out-of-state Sanford. Swanson convened a hearing on the proposed merger in the State Capitol, grilling executives of the three organizations about the impact of the merger on the 23,000 Fairview employees in Minnesota and the $1.2 billion in assets held by the non-profit Fairview. The hearing was hotly contested. On April 10, 2013, Sanford withdrew from the merger discussion.
In 2013 and 2014 Swanson took on for-profit colleges. Pointing out that over 70% of graduates of for-profit colleges earn less than high school drop outs, Swanson took action against colleges who misrepresented job placement rates, who steered students to high interest rates loans, and who misrepresented the transferability of credits to other institutions. In November, 2013 Swanson reached a settlement that required a for-profit college to make restitution to students whom it enrolled in a medical assisting degree program costing over $30,000 that wasn't properly accredited to train medical assistants to work for Minnesota employers. In September, 2016 the district court in Hennepin County ruled that another for-profit college sued by Swanson violated the consumer fraud laws by enrolling students who wanted to become police officers in a criminal justice program that was not certified by the state to train police officers. In July, 2017 the Minnesota Supreme Court found in Swanson's lawsuit that the school made illegal usurious loans to students at interest rates as high as 18 percent. In 2015, Swanson became one of the first attorneys general in the country to file lawsuits against student loan assistance companies that charged students thousands of dollars for bogus help in supposedly alleviating student loan debt.
In 2014, Swanson issued a scathing report on charities that contract with Savers, Inc., a for profit company that collects and sells second hand clothing through the United States and Canada. Swanson said that the charities and Savers were engaged in deceptive activities because the charities received only a few pennies in exchange for the dollars received by Savers for the sale of donated clothing. Swanson settled the matter in 2015 when Savers agreed to disclose that it is a for-profit company, that it will no longer commingle goods donated to specific charities, that it will disclose the amount of the revenue it receives which is donated to charity, that it will compensate charities for non-clothing items donated to the charity, and that it pay $1.8 million to the charities it serviced in the state of Minnesota.
In 2014 Swanson was re-elected attorney general, winning seven of the eight Congressional Districts in Minnesota. She won with 52.6% of the vote, beating Republican Scott Newman's 39%.
2015–2018: Third term
Swanson was active in pharmaceutical litigation. In June 2016, she secured a $10.3 million recovery from Wyeth Pharmaceutical for failing to properly issue rebates to the state. In September 2016, Swanson sued Indivior PLC, a manufacturer of the opioid withdrawal medicine Suboxone, for unlawfully keeping out generic competition by tweaking the drug's structure to obtain a separate patent. She also wrote to insurance companies that month asking them to remove pre-authorization approval barriers to prevent or delay patients from getting access to opioid withdrawal treatment. In November 2016, Swanson issued a report on the opioid epidemic, calling for legislative and regulatory reforms as it relates to protocols on prescribing pain killers. The Report received 2017 Notable Mention Award from the National Council of State Legislatures. In December, 2016, she filed an antitrust lawsuit against six major drug manufactures alleging they colluded to fix the prices of generic prescription drugs for widely used diabetes, antibiotic, and other medicines. The lawsuit said that a significant player in the litigation was a salesperson based in Minnesota. In June 2017, Swanson opened an investigation concerning the role of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the opioid epidemic. In May 2018, Swanson sued Insys Therapeutics for deceptive marketing of Subsys, a fentanyl painkiller. In October 2017, Swanson expanded her lawsuit against generic drug companies for fixing the prices of popular medicines by naming a dozen more companies. In July 2018, Swanson filed sued against Purdue Pharma, claiming that it misrepresented the addictive nature of OxyContin.
Swanson has also been active in cases involving deceptive practices aimed at senior citizens. She obtained a $7 million judgment against a company that sold living trusts to senior citizens as a guise to sell them insurance products. In 2014, she filed a lawsuit against another company that sold “estate plans” to senior citizens costing $2,000 that it falsely claimed were prepared by an attorney. Swanson filed several lawsuits against outfits that bilked senior citizens with the sale of coins that were overpriced or not delivered. Swanson then worked with the legislature to secure enactment of legislation to curb abuses within the industry.
Swanson also brought a number of cases on behalf of patients who were harmed by various health care practices besides those listed above. In 2009, she filed a lawsuit against a major hospital system for charging 18 percent interest on unpaid medical bills in violation of Minnesota usury laws. The hospital settled with Swanson by agreeing to make over $1 million in refunds to patients. In 2007, 2012, and 2017, she renewed agreements first reached by her predecessor in 2005 with all Minnesota hospitals to reform the manner in which they collect unpaid medical bills and charge uninsured patients. In 2009 she took action against medical providers for signing patients up for health care credit cards without their permission and placing thousands of dollars in debt on the credit cards. In 2009 and 2010 Swanson sued several companies that sold phony health insurance coverage to uninsured patients. In 2013, Swanson intervened to assist rural critical access hospitals after a large insurance company cut their contract payments. Also in 2013, Swanson asked the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to investigate a large insurer that sold Medicare policies after receiving complaints about shoddy payment practices. In 2016, Swanson required Minnesota hospitals to refund rape survivors who were improperly charged for sexual assault exams. In 2017, after the Minnesota Legislature authorized for-profit HMOs do business in Minnesota, Swanson sounded the alarm about the need to protect the nonprofit assets held by Minnesota HMOs from being acquired by for-profit companies. After Swanson pushed for legislation to regulate such nonprofit conversions, the legislature enacted a two-year moratorium on such transactions. In 2017 Swanson intervened after the state's largest insurance company and children's hospital failed to agreeing on a contract, bringing the two chief executive officers together to help forge a solution that would ensure continuity of care for 60,000 child patients. In 2018 Swanson filed a lawsuit against the federal government for cutting over $100 million in year in funding for MinnesotaCare, the state's 25 year old bipartisan health care program for the working poor.
During her tenure as attorney general, Swanson received recognition for bringing a number of cases to hold bill collectors and predatory lenders accountable for unlawful collection practices or other illegal practices. She brought the first lawsuit by a regulator in the country against one of the nation's largest collection agencies for “robo-signing” thousands of legal documents without verifying their accuracy. The alleged debts were often 10 years old or more and brought against people who did not owe the money. In a settlement with Swanson's office, the company agreed to reform its practices and substantiate that debts were owed before filing collection lawsuits. Swanson later got enacted bipartisan legislation that required debt buyers to provide evidence they are targeting the correct person in the right amount before filing collection lawsuits. Swanson also got millions of dollars of bills written off after suing a Minnesota collection company that added 22 percent interest to old bank overdraft fees. In 2017, she sued an outfit that got senior citizens to sign over large portions of their future pensions at high costs for military benefits in exchange for small loans. Starting in 2011, Swanson filed suit against many online “payday” lenders for making high-cost unlicensed loans to Minnesota residents, winning an $11 million settlement against one such company in 2016. In 2015 Swanson secured a favorable ruling from the Minnesota Supreme Court that Minnesota lending laws apply to online lenders against a lender that claimed that the Dormant Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution prohibited the application of such laws.
On February 1, 2017, Swanson joined the attorneys general of the states of Washington, New York, Virginia, and Massachusetts in bringing a lawsuit against the administration of President Donald Trump. The suit challenged the president's executive order that bans refugees and travelers from a list of predominantly Muslim nations from entering the United States. The suit alleges that the order is unconstitutional and should not be enforced. Swanson issued a statement saying restricting people from certain countries "does not pass constitutional muster, is inconsistent with our history as a nation, and undermines our national security."
In February 2018, Swanson reached a settlement of a major environmental lawsuit she filed in 2010 against 3M Company over its disposal of chemicals for several decades into the drinking water in the east metropolitan area of the Twin Cities. The lawsuit was settled for $850 million, or 100 times more than the next biggest environmental settlement in Minnesota history. Under the court-approved settlement, the money was to be used to clean up the drinking water.
On June 2, 2018, Swanson withdrew from seeking the DFL endorsement for attorney general despite receiving 52% of the endorsement vote in the first round of balloting (with 60% required for endorsement). Her opponent, Matt Pelikan, had received 47% in the first round of balloting. After her withdrawal, Pelikan was endorsed as the DFL candidate for attorney general.
Awards and honors
Swanson was named one of the "Top Ten Lawyers in America" by the national publication Lawyers USA in 2009. In December, 2012 Health Leaders Magazine named Swanson one of 20 Americans who is making a difference in health care. She also received the Robert Drinan "Champion of Justice" award from the National Consumer Law Center, a Washington-based non-profit organization that acts as a national clearing center and publisher for consumer lawyers and other legal advocates. She was also a recipient of the Pro Patria award by the Department of Defense for her work on behalf of armed service personnel. In 2010, Swanson was named Public Official of the Year by the Minnesota Nurses Association. The Drum Major Institute of New York designated Swanson's predatory mortgage legislation on one of the ten top public policies proposed in 2008. In 2014, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Journalism awarded Swanson the Distinguished Service Award. | WIKI |
Toshinao Sasaki
Toshinao Sasaki (佐々木 俊尚) is a Japanese freelance journalist and critic, a regular writer for CNET Japan, and a one-time reporter for Mainichi Shimbun. He was born in Hyōgo Prefecture.
Background
After graduating from Okazaki high-school in Aichi Prefecture, Sasaki entered the Faculty of Political Science and Economics at Waseda University, but dropped out and in 1988 joined Mainichi Shimbun, where he was in charge of the criminal investigations division and reserve reporters, covering issues such as murder cases, international terror and computer crime.
In October 1999, he transferred to work for the magazine Ascii (アスキー). He quit in February 2003 after serving in the editorial department of Gekkan Ascii (月刊アスキー), and is currently a freelance journalist.
Activity
Sasaki has a great interest in Internet media that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century, and since he became a freelancer this has been at the center of his work. He has studied the so-called "Net Right-wing" in Japan a great deal, and has contributed many articles to publications such as Sankei Shimbun, Shokun (諸君) and Ronza (論座). He has also written many books, most recently The Birth of Blog Discourse (ブログ論壇の誕生) (2008) and The Flat Revolution (フラット革命) (2007). He has also written extensively about the WaiWai scandal at the Mainichi Shimbun. He also covered Anti-Japaneseism which Sasaki called a "violent ideology" and self-contradictory. | WIKI |
Overwhelmed by the Complexity of ? This May Help
How to Boost Your Confidence through Straightening Your Teeth
You are enjoying yourself in a party with your friends and family. In the middle of your conversation someone suddenly asked you to pose for a pic with your friends and you agree with it. The next day you’ve noticed that your friend have already posted all the photos she had taken that party and after seeing all the photos you felt embarrassed.
Even if most of your friends hardly noticed your teeth, but in a time like that it is quite embarrassing.
With the continue advancement of technology in dentistry, crooked can now be corrected, see invisalign before and after crowding. With today’s tech crooked teeth can now be cosmetically be fixed, and will allows the patient to properly eat his food, see invisalign before and after crowding.
Now the most common and yet the most traditional option for people to correct their set of crooked teeth is through braces. Braces are used to correct any minor to major dental problems such as overbites, underbites, and also the crossbites. Getting braces is easy just visit your family dentist and seek a professional advice.
Only the dentist will be the one deciding when to remove the braces that you have, to make you feel better, you will be given a timespan when will it be removed from your mouth, see invisalign before and after crowding.
The next option that you can choose is the clear aligners. It may work as the braces, for it aligns the teeth a little at a time by simply putting slight pressure on them. You dentist may present to you a new set of aligners each week to accommodate the slow change of aligning your teeth, see invisalign before and after crowding.
The fact that if your dental clinic has a wide range of services generally means that you are at advantage and since you can be assured that they can cater all your needs. Necessary facilities and amenities is indeed a good thing that must need to be considered at all. The fact that they have all the necessary things, you can then be assured that you are in the right hands, see invisalign before and after crowding.
Furthermore, you need also know that they have the latest and advanced equipment’s that can be used. and of course with the help of this equipment’s you could generally be assured also that success rate may be high than the older one.
Pricing for the services they rendered is indeed very important for you. Money is indeed very important in this world and with that you can generally say that higher services fee are not favorable for everyone. Selecting based on your budget is the common approach that we can do since we all know that many dental clinics can be found all around the world. A good quality services must be also given from these dental clinics that might be in line with your budget to make sure that you will be satisfied with their services.
Cited reference: about his | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List all the files in a directory on a web form in asp.net
Question :
List all the files in a directory on a web form. The files must be displayed in a gridview control. The name of the file and create date must be displayed.
Answer:
1.
Create a new web form. Drag and drop a gridview control from the toolbox onto the webform.
2. Create 2 bound fields for the gridview. One bound field will display the file name and the other will display the create date.
3. The HTML for your web form should be as shown below.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="ListFiles.aspx.cs" Inherits="ListFiles" %>
<html>
<head runat="server">
<title>List all the files in a directory</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="FileName" HeaderText="File Name"></asp:BoundField>
<asp:BoundField DataField="DateCreated" HeaderText="Date" DataFormatString="{0:d}"></asp:BoundField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
</form>
</body>
</html>
4. In the code behind file write a function which can get the list of files from the directory and bind to the gridview. The function is as shown below.
private void LoadFiles()
{
/* Create an instance of DirectoryInfo class for enumarating through the directory. */
System.IO.DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(Server.MapPath("FilesDirectory"));
/* Call the GetFiles() instance method of the DirectoryInfo class object, which will return a files list from the current directory */
System.IO.FileInfo[] fiFiles = dirInfo.GetFiles();
/* Create a DataTable which can be used as the datasource for the gridview */
DataTable dtFileList = new DataTable("Files");
/* Create a DataColumn for file name */
DataColumn dcFileName = new DataColumn("FileName");
/* Create a DataColumn for file create date */
DataColumn dcDateCreated = new DataColumn("DateCreated", typeof(DateTime));
/* Add the 2 data columns to the data table */
dtFileList.Columns.Add(dcFileName);
dtFileList.Columns.Add(dcDateCreated);
/* Now loop through each FileInfo object and get the file name and file create date */
foreach (System.IO.FileInfo f in fiFiles)
{
DataRow dtNewRow = dtFileList.NewRow();
/* Get the file name using FileInfo object "Name" property */
dtNewRow["FileName"] = f.Name.ToString();
/* Get the file create date and time using FileInfo object "CreationTime" property */
dtNewRow["DateCreated"] = f.CreationTime.ToShortDateString();
/* Add the row to the DataTable */
dtFileList.Rows.Add(dtNewRow);
}
/* Set the datatable as the DataSource for the gridview and call the DataBind() method */
GridView1.DataSource = dtFileList;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
5. Finally call the LoadFiles() method on the page load event handler as shown below.
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LoadFiles();
}
Testing the application:
1.
Right click on the project name in solution explorer, and left click on "NewFolder"
2. Rename the "NewFolder" to "FilesDirectory"
3. Drag and Drop some files into the directoy.
4. Then run the application. All the files in the "FilesDirectory" folder will be shown in the gridview.
7 comments:
1. Nice Example,please give some other Large Example so that it will be helpful for all the .net people
with regards,
santosh
ReplyDelete
2. Hi Venkat,
The real time examples which you had given is so nice...could you please provide some more examples..sothat it would be helpful for .net people.I hope you will provide some more examples.
thanks & Regards,
Nagalakshmi
ReplyDelete
3. i tried this but its giving me error below:
Column 'FileName' does not belong to table Files.
ReplyDelete
4. Hi Venkat,
so nice example and best collection of .net question and his answer. Please write some best notes for sql server also.
Thanks & regards,
Vikas Yadav
Delhi
ReplyDelete
5. That's so nice example for increasing knowledge about sql server thats also help for me conneting with visual studio so...thanks for providing that's type of questions and answer.
thanks and regards
siyakant chaudhary
Kathmandu,Nepal
ReplyDelete
6. what is {0:d} on date bound column?
ReplyDelete
7. {0:Format} --> {0:d} "d" is Format Pattern for short date.
ReplyDelete
If you are aware of any other asp.net questions asked in an interview, please post them below. If you find anything missing or wrong, please feel free to correct by submitting the form below.
Disclaimer - Terms of use - Contact Us | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:David McLean (actor)
What happened to the lawsuit?
I cannot find out what happened to the widow's lawsuit - even the website of the Texas court seems mum (presumably it predated electronic archiving). - DavidWBrooks 19:30, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
* The suit was eventually dismissed. I found a 2014 article from the Los Angeles Times that gave some information about it. I added it below the paragraph about the lawsuit. Eddie Blick (talk) 05:06, 19 July 2017 (UTC)
McLean or McLaren?
"At a meeting of stockholders of Philip Morris, maker of Marlboro, McLean requested they limit their advertising." At http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/marlboro.htm, this action is attributed to Wayne McLaren. Which is correct? Sloppyedwards 12:36, 19 October 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bebe Posted Narrower-Than-Expected Loss - Analyst Blog
After the market closed yesterday, bebe stores inc. ( BEBE ) reported second-quarter fiscal 2014 results, which were ahead of the Zacks Consensus Estimate as well as its own guidance. The results cheered investors, as was evident in an 11.2% rise in the stock price in the after-hour trading session.
The company reported a loss of 7 cents per share for the quarter, much narrower than the Zacks Consensus Estimate of a loss of 15 cents. However, the quarterly loss was higher than the comparable prior-year quarter loss of 6 cents per share.
The year-over-year rise in loss was mainly due to weak top-line performance, partially offset by lower operating expenses. The loss in the said quarter was also owing to the effects of a valuation account being maintained against deferred tax assets, leading the effective tax rate to be near 0%.
Net sales of this women's clothing and accessories designer fell 4.1% to $130.0 million from $135.5 million last year. However, it came ahead of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $119 million.
Same store sales decreased 1.9% in the quarter, down from a 2.8% fall in the first quarter of fiscal 2014. This sequential improvement in comps came on the back of higher footfall and conversion.
The company's gross profit fell 3.7% to $43.7 million from the comparable prior-year quarter while as a percentage of net sales, it contracted 60 basis points to 33.6%. The company's gross margins were hit hard by increased markdowns and higher promotional activities throughout the holiday season.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses declined 7.7% to $49.3 million. The decrease resulted from lower contractor and professional fees costs as well as benefits from a $0.5 million legal settlement. These positives were partly offset by an anticipated increase in advertising expenses. Operating loss for the quarter narrowed to $5.6 million from the year-ago comparable quarter loss of $7.5 million.
Store Update
This multinational retail clothier shuttered two bebe stores and one 2b bebe outlet in the reported quarter, thereby reducing the total store count to 228.
Financial Update
The company ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $130.9 million, up 41.2% from last year. Inventories fell 14.8% to $31.9 million while average finished goods inventory per square foot declined 6.8%. Total shareholders' equity was $244.3 million, down 29.6% from the comparable quarter last year.
During the first half of fiscal 2014, bebe spent $6.9 million toward capital expenditure. Additionally, the company declared a quarterly cash dividend of 2.5 cents payable on Mar 20, 2014 to stockholders of record on Mar 6, 2014.
Outlook
In the coming quarter, bebe forecasts same store sales to be flat. Net loss in the third quarter is expected to be in the mid-teens per share range due to the continued impact from the maintenance of valuation accounts as discussed above.
In fiscal 2014, the company still plans to spend about $25 million toward capital expenditures. Capital spends will be directed toward the opening of outlets, renovation, office enhancements, outlet expansions and the upgrade of information technology systems.
The inventory for finished goods at the end of third-quarter fiscal 2014, measured on per square foot basis, is projected to decrease in the low single-digit range.
Further, this apparel designer is likely to shut down up to six bebe stores and one 2b bebe store in the remaining period of fiscal 2014, which will decrease its total floor area by nearly 8% from fiscal 2013.
Going forward, we expect the company's new merchandising strategy and its practice of lowering inventory to stimulate growth.
Other Stocks to Consider
At present, bebe stores carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). However, some better-ranked stocks in the retail apparel and shoe sector include Christopher & Banks Corp. ( CBK ), Finish line Inc. ( FINL ) and Foot Locker, Inc. ( FL ). While Christopher & Bank sports a Zacks rank #1 (Strong Buy), Finish Line and Foot Locker have a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
BEBE STORES INC (BEBE): Free Stock Analysis Report
CHRISTOPHER&BNK (CBK): Free Stock Analysis Report
FINISH LINE-CLA (FINL): Free Stock Analysis Report
FOOT LOCKER INC (FL): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Robert Eisenman
John the Baptist
Literally almost every source I have ever seen on the Mandeans have explicitly stated that the Mandeans only ever referred to John the Baptist because by doing so they could get the Muslims to basically think of them as "People of the Book" and leave them alone. These sources go on to say that John the Baptist was chosen as their "link" to Judeo-Christianity because of his strong connection to baptism, a ritual the Mandaeans use for the remission of sins. This would seem to cast the entire assumption that the Mandeans were "making claims" about Jesus into at best a very dubious light, as such claims were seemingly only ever made to, as it were, keep the Muslims off their backs. In fact, the books I have seen have uniformally indicated that the Mandeans originated from a clearly non-Jewish, non-Christian setting, Gnostic Lebanon/Jordan to be exact, and that Christianity is in fact almost completely contrary to almost their entire belief system. I believe that this calls into very great question whether the statements made in the article as it currently stands should be presented in the way they are, as they seem to indicate that there was a connection between the Mandaeans and Judeo-Christianity, when almost literally every source I have ever seen seems to specifically, explicitly denounce the very possibility of there existing anything but a very late, opportunistic connection between the two, and that based solely on the advantages they received as basically fraudulently passing themselves of as "people of the book". John Carter 20:55, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
* Be very careful before pursuing this thread - it would be very easy to shred you on the following counts:
* 1) Anachronism. The Muslims appeared on the scene long, long after the time Eisenman's writing about: you might be able to substantiate an inheritance in the Islamic creed, but I would be astonished if someone with an avatar rooted in the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs were to be able to expound in an NPOV manner. Even here you should produce a considerable amount of supporting evidence, I feel, if you want your claims to be taken seriously.
* 2) Cultural divergence. Your comments appear to be coloured by modern Occidental Christianity, and after setting that aside it would be helpful to bring this one in from a wider angle in two respects. Firstly, Herod was pretty much a Roman client at best, and puppet at worst, so much more work needs to be done developing the context of the newly-available texts against his political environment, not only of pre-Imperial Rome in his early years, the relationship of Caesar and his heirs with Ptolomaic Egypt, and finally with Augustus, but also with the various procurators and Governors, and not least with the Sanhedrin and other irregular leaders of the Jewish people. Secondly, with the pre-Byzantine roots of the Oriental Orthodox churches, some of which appear to be extremely unusual, to say the least: do not reject tales of an immortal fellowship out of hand in Cappadocia, that is a fairly common thread in mediaeval Occidental legends, for instance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:48, 24 March 2009 (UTC)
Mandaeans
I dispute the accuracy of this section, and since no reference has been provided, I'm removing the following material to the talk page for discussion:
"for his radical re-interpretation of the early Christian community as one imitating the Nasoraeans, who still exist today as the priests (Nasuraiya)of the Mandaeans. His theory that John the Baptist did not recognise or authorise the mission of Jesus backs up the history of the Mandaeans."
This statement is completely false. Eisenman does not say the early Christian community imitated the Nasoraeans, nor does he link the Nasoraeans with the Mandaeans. This is some editor's conflation or OR synthesis. What Eisenman does do repeatedly in "James the Brother of Jesus" is link early Christianity, which he sees as synonymous with the Essenes and Nazoraeans, with Shia Islam. The Naassenes were a second century gnostic group that revered the serpent in the Garden of Eden as a symbol of wisdom. Nahash (Na'as) = serpent in Hebrew. Ovadyah (talk) 15:39, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
The Massacre of the Innocents
Although the symbolism is possible, the princes were of adult years when killed. There is, however, a somewhat circular argument that painters such as Breughel invoked the symbolism as a reference to a stage in the preparation of the Philosopher's Stone, which was certainly the motivation of one of the most infamous child murderers of all time, Gilles de Rais. That in turn links to the Templar worship of Abraxas, an avatar of the Phoenician Dagon sometimes in serpentine form, which then links straight back to the Nahash point above. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:48, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
What in the world connection does Breughel, a 16th C Dutch painter, or Gilles de Rais (also known as Bluebeard) from the 15th CE have to do with a biography of R Eisenman I am sure I don't know. Stellarkid (talk) 02:22, 18 June 2009 (UTC)
Entry desperately needs editing
As fascinating as the entry may be, it's in desperate need of editing, as it is rife with POV and original research, as well as being far too windy and too little sourced. Since I'm not as knowledgeable about Prof. Eisenman or the field he works in as some WP editors must be, I encourage one of them to take it in hand. Bricology (talk) 20:35, 4 December 2009 (UTC)
* @Bricology I agree. Having read some of Prof. Eisenman's work, though fascinating, I'm surprised at how many punctuation errors and other editorial failings I found. it appears from the familiar style to have been written by the good doctor himself and, as someone else commented, to read more like a story something out of a biography than an encyclopedia entry. I found this to be true also in the one book of his I've read, "James the Brother of Jesus." I don't fault Eisenman for this so much as his publisher and editor! That's what editors are for! 2600:1702:6D0:5880:4DB9:66D0:9915:8622 (talk) 10:58, 20 September 2023 (UTC)
Tags
The lead does not adequately summarize the article, hence the placement of that tag. Also, I note that there is no reference to the subject's false claim that one Qumran fragment was a clear and unquestionable proof of a bleeding messiah, when in fact the consensus opinion was that this "Bleeding Messiah" fragment was in fact about the "messiah" causing others to bleed. This material is referenced in the 2nd edition of VanderKam's "Dead Sea Scrolls Today." Nor does there seem to be much information about the objections to his theories. And, of course, considering that there is a proposal to rename the one extant article about a book of his to cover all his theories, which are basically consistent across books, there is a real question how much of that material should be placed in this article in the first place. John Carter (talk) 18:16, 26 July 2010 (UTC)
Mr Carter - As far as the Messiah text goes, see the publication in Wise and Eisenman, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered, 1992, p. 24 ff. where Eisenman discusses the possible readings. The translation gives the two possibilities as well. The initial reading VanderKam objected to was by Wise, by the way, not Eisenman.Darkbloom76 (talk) 00:36, 30 July 2010 (UTC)Dennis Walker, July 2010.
Neutrality Issues
As of August 19, 2010, everything in this entry derives from either one of Eisenman's books, a book about Eisenman, a newspaper article, or some other legitimate source. All of it is verifiable and within Wikipedia guidelines to the best of my knowledge. If anything isn't footnoted that should be, I can provide one presently, but in the meantime I've taken down the neutrality tag.
About the sources used for this entry: Most details of his earlier life are available in The New Jerusalem (2007). For his theories, James the Brother of Jesus (1997) and The New Testament Code (2006) are the most detailed and most recent sources, but early works like Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran (1983) and James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher (1984) are also important, especially the former as it lays out his basic objections to the then-near-consensus DSS theories and lays out his alternative pretty clearly. Both were originally published by Brill but have been packaged together with some papers and translations of a few Scroll texts in a book called The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians (1996). Two books primarily about Eisenman's involvement in Dead Sea Scroll controversies are Neil Asher Silberman's The Hidden Scrolls (1994) and Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh's The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception (1991). Eisenman's website - roberteisenman.com - has many of his academic papers online as pdfs.
Eisenman has been a somewhat controversial figure, but in my experience much of the criticism directed towards his theories is a bit off-base and has suffered from an unfamiliarity with his published work. For example, Oxford's Geza Vermes has published probably the best-selling translations into English of the Dead Sea Scrolls over the years in several revised editions, and in his introductory section he mentions briefly Eisenman's (putative) identifications. However, he misrepresents Eisenman on the most basic level. He writes: "Eisenman ... assigns the part of the Teacher of Righteousness to James, the brother of Jesus, keeping Paul as the Wicked Priest; in my opinion these theories [i.e. his and a few mentioned previously] fail the basic credibility test - they do not spring from, but are foisted on, the texts" (The Dead Sea Scrolls in English, 4th ed. (Penguin 1995) page xxx; cf. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, (Penguin - Allen Lane 1997) page 21 where the wording is slightly changed but the error remains). But Eisenman never so much as hints that Paul could be the "Wicked Priest"; Eisenman suggested this would likely be Ananus ben Ananus, the High Priest in 62 CE responsible for James' trial and execution (Josephus, Antiquities xx.200). I mention this only as an example; if a well-regarded Oxford Professor misrepresents Eisenman's theory so egregiously (and publicly) in multiple editions of his work, then all the more reason to exercise caution and make sure we aren't disseminating disinformation, which is not at all what Wikipedia is about. I feel strongly that representations of what actually constitutes Eisenman's theories should be sourced to Eisenman's published writings and not second- or third-hand sources, especially given the contentious nature of this field of study. --Darkbloom76 (talk) 22:25, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
* It wouldn't be disinformation to allow 10% of the article space - which at the moment reads like a eulogy - to a representative selection of scholarly reception for these theories. In ictu oculi (talk) 10:07, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
* Eisenman obviously wrote his own article on Wikipedia! OMG Why I'm not surprised? I'm awaiting his autohagiography! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:41, 27 November 2013 (UTC)
Eisenman Theories
Eisenman's theories are rejected by mainstream scholarship and embraced by New Agers. That's Eisenman in a nutshell. His theories regarding James are as eccentric as Allegro's theories concerning magic mushrooms. Lung salad (talk) 13:46, 21 September 2011 (UTC)
* Appealing to consensus is a fallacy. Paralabagne (talk) 20:40, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
Perhaps it would be good to incorporate some of the criticisms from http://www.ewtn.com/library/SCRIPTUR/DEADSEA.HTM and http://christianthinktank.com/iceman.html in this article.Natschil (talk) 00:44, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
New information
I have to think that the comments of his colleagues regarding Eisenman and his theories are deserving of mention. In "Dead Sea Scrolls - Biblical Scholar clarifies points in story about Him" in The Seattle Times, February 6, 1992, R. Michael Francis Redmon includes the following statement, reproduced verbatim: "The quotation that I most differ with was he one attributed to me that states the "Israeli(s)" are mad at Robert Eisenman for releasing the scrolls. Especially disturbing is the way it was juxtaposed with the remark that the dig permits did get issued on time. The terms "Israeli" or Israeli government are inaccurate designations when referring to the people who may be adverse to Eisenman's work. The statement must have evolved out of my reference to the Israeli Antiquites Authority, and in particular the Dead Sea Scroll Oversight Committee. These people are annoyed by scholars such as Robert Eisenman... An example of the sentiments among these scholars appears in the January 1992 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review. On page 65 there is a quote by Magen Broshi, a member of the Dead Sea Scroll Oversight Committee. He accuses Eisenman of being "a very minor scientist" who made sensationalist statements that were "all lies."" If a Jewish member of the DSS Oversight Committee, like Broshi, described Eisenman as "a very minor scientist," considering the degree of Eisenman's involvement in that field, I have to believe that description merits inclusion.
Actually, Broshi, himself an archaeologist and at one time curator of the Dead Sea Scrolls Museum, has published several comments regarding Eisenman, almost all of which are decidedly negative. In the article "Scrolls Primers" in The Jerusalem Post, January 20, 1995, he reviewed the works Responses to 101 Questions on the Dead Sea Scrolls by J. Fitzmyer, et. al, The Dead Sea Scrolls Today, by James VanderKam, and The Hidden Scrolls by N. A. Silberman. He says of the first two, "Fitzmyer and VanderKam are not only superb scholars but also well-balanced spokesmen for the sane majority. Sane is a strange adjective when applied to a scholar, but the Dead Sea Scrolls attracted many weird, not to say cranky, theories. No less than a dozen theories were suggested, all mutually exclusive; which is to say that if one was right, eleven would have to be wrong." He goes on to say, "If the first two books were distinguished by their scholarship, Silberman deserves praise for his courage. Silberman had the pluck to choose as his guru Robert Eisenman, a man the scholarly community regards as ignorant (as he himself admits: "I never read their works"), vain, a plagiarist and author of cranky theories. He is also the man who spread the rumor that the Vatican and Israel were in cahoots to suppress the publication of the Scrolls. Silberman's book elaborates on Eisenman's theories... For him, they [Qumran community, Zealots, and early Christianity] were all part of the same movement, and the boundary between them may have been entirely unclear. As a matter of fact, there is not a shred of evidence to support this appealing theory." So, even this author, who is presumably, as a Jew, not opposed to the theory on religious grounds, and goes so far as to call that theory "appealing", says there is "not a shred of evidence" to support Eisenman's core theory. John Carter (talk) 00:43, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
* Morton Smith of Columbia University has stated that the scroll's editors "sat on the material for years," preventing it from analyzation by other scholars and the public for far too long.
* The scrolls were discovered in 1942. David Noel Freedman, professor of biblical studies at the University of Michigan, argued that forty years is "much too long to keep the material from public scrutiny."
* Likewise, to note that one academic refers to another academic as "'a very minor scientist' who made sensationalist statements that were 'all lies'" is in no manner a refutation, but rather, the proverbial sour grapes expected from one whose dogma has been challenged. Such an ad hominem ought to have certainly been excluded from any and all academic debate. Paralabagne (talk) 20:57, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
* Likewise, to note that one academic refers to another academic as "'a very minor scientist' who made sensationalist statements that were 'all lies'" is in no manner a refutation, but rather, the proverbial sour grapes expected from one whose dogma has been challenged. Such an ad hominem ought to have certainly been excluded from any and all academic debate. Paralabagne (talk) 20:57, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
Release of the Dead Sea Scrolls
The section "Release of the Dead Sea Scrolls" is probably slightly biased. The article [Dead Sea Scrolls] suggests Eisenman's involvement was smaller than his article suggests, as does http://www.ewtn.com/library/SCRIPTUR/DEADSEA.HTM — Preceding unsigned comment added by Natschil (talk • contribs) 00:50, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
But it is a fact that Eisenman was given photographs of the unpublished material, which he provided for the volumes published by BAS. Eisenman and Michael Wise, with students from U. of Chicago, were working on the fragments when the concordance reconstruction was released. Then Eisenman began the process of releasing what he had, both in the fascimile edition and in the book "The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered." Neil Asher Silberman's "The Hidden Scrolls: Christianity, Judaism, and the War for the Dead Sea Scrolls" (1994) is a good account of this period. Darkbloom76 (talk) 21:27, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
Carbon dating the Scrolls
I believe it is incorrect to say that Libby used AMS Carbon dating in 1950 as opposed to an earlier method. AMS is a more modern method and is considered more accurate and uses less material. Darkbloom76 (talk) 21:20, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
when still a "moveable feast"
when still a "moveable feast" -- what is the meaning of this phrase? It seems extraneous. Raquel Fitleigh (talk) 02:14, 16 August 2013 (UTC)
* It's meaningless wind from a fan-boi. Like much of the rest of the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1000:B02C:DFEB:CCE4:CEA6:A89F:5EBF (talk) 18:12, 8 October 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Today's Google Doodle is a heartwarming tribute to Mr. Rogers
(CNN)It's a beautiful day for the legacy of Fred Rogers, one of America's most beloved television personalities. Fans on Friday awoke to a Google Doodle marking the 51st anniversary of the filming of the first episode of "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood." The stop-motion animation begins with Rogers strolling through his neighborhood singing his favorite song, "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" Along the way, he stops to bring cheer to neighborhood children in the form of friendly waves, crayon drawings and even a paper crane. The video is a nostalgic throwback to the days when American children would sit on their parents' living room floors awaiting Rogers to put on a cardigan, change his shoes and wish them a happy day. While the Doodle honors the filming of the first episode on September 21, 1967, the show did not air nationally on PBS until February 1968. Rogers used the show as a vehicle to bring joy and teach important life lessons to millions of children. The Doodle ends with Rogers teaching one such lesson: "You help to make each day a special day by just your being yourself. There's nobody else in the whole world who's exactly like you, and people can like you exactly as you are." "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" ended production in 2000, three years before Rogers passed away. However, children continue to discover the show through reruns, which are still broadcast on some PBS stations. Rogers also continues to be honored by the television and film industry for his award-winning show. His life and times were the subject of a 2018 documentary "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" Tom Hanks is also set to play Rogers in "You Are My Friend," which will be released in 2019. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Dem: On health care, 'we need to make haste – slowly' – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.com Blogs
Click to watch videoWASHINGTON (CNN) – After a week where the White House spent much of its time trying to mollify the more progressive wing of the Democratic Party, a member of the House Progressive Caucus praised the president's efforts on health care reform while suggesting that leaders in Washington were not doing enough to answer the American public's questions about the massive overhaul. The president is not doing anything wrong, Missouri Democrat Rep. Emanuel Cleaver said Sunday on CNN's State of the Union, in fact, he should be praised for being audacious enough to bring this contentious issue to the public. And I think he has done a yeoman's job in trying to articulate what this health care bill will do, That said, Cleaver said he thought Obama had underestimated the partisanship at play in the health care reform debate. I think that there is the possibility that the president can work with some Republicans, Cleaver added, and I think that he works with the ones who are interested in trying to get something accomplished. As for all of the anger, confusion, and anxiety over health care reform on display during many of the congressional town halls held in recent weeks, Cleaver said the public has some valid questions about reform. I think we need to make haste – slowly, he said when asked about Sen. Joe Lieberman's suggestion that the president put off trying to achieve near-universal coverage for all Americans. By that I mean, we need to go back, erase some of the vagueness – or fill in the blanks where there is vagueness – and then begin the process of moving so that the American public understands that we're not going to abandon them because of this outrage that we've heard in August. But, we do it slow enough that we can bring them along.Cleaver said how the hefty price tag for reform – estimated at nearly $1 trillion over the next 10 years – would be paid for is a legitimate concern that many citizens have expressed in recent weeks. Weighing in on an issue that exposed a fissure within his own party in the last week, the Missouri Democrat also said if we take the public option off the table, we don't have health care reform. But Cleaver also seemed to leave open the possibility that some, more progressive House Democrats might accept something short of inclusion of a public health insurance option in the final bill. Among the ideas being discussed are non-profit health insurance cooperatives that are likely to be included in the version of reform legislation being worked on by a bipartisan group of negotiators in the Senate Finance Committee. I don't think the Progressive Caucus . . . will ever accept a health care plan that does not deal with the lack of competition between the health care companies, Cleaver told CNN Chief National Correspondent John King. If President Obama SLOWS DOWN, the whole Health Care Reform bill is going to SLOW DOWN... President Obama needs to keep the same paste because that is the only way this bill is going to get pass.... Come on now – this health reform has been going on for almost a thousand years...... WHAT ARE WE WAITING FOR??? YOU slow down and everyone else with you that need to be on a SNAIL RIDE – President Obama will pick you up on the 100th LAP!!! Jeez!!! Non-profit co-ops are no substitute for the Public Plan. If we want to lower costs, a Public option is a must. Otherwise, we will have only health insurance reform, not health care reform. There will be as many uninsured two years from now if not more. Health care reform must be done slow and by steps...! With all the rhetoric afloat...doe anyone know the true facts in the healthcare system...? FIRST: the federal government should issue a Questionaire on the issue to be send out to ervery household across the country via the US-PostalService and ask the questions to have the facts from the people before the reform isdone for political reasons. Second: Set-up a panel of Auditors, Medical Professional and Administrative Professionals to get the facts within the current systems health care system. GET THE FACTS AND ONLY THEN CAN YOU ACT KNOWING WHERE THE SYSTEM IS BROKEN...!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The simplest question to ask is how many people are uninsured in Washington/North Idaho area, where Group Health, a co-op operates. If an co-op can be the substitute for the public plan, everyone should have been covered in that region. Thank you Senator Cleaver for a straight answer. It seems more and more impossible to extract an honest answer from most politicians these days. We need health care reform. Both in delivery and regulation of the insurance industry. Senator Lieberman is not a democrat and not particularly interested in helping the American people. Please let's not take his advice on anything. I am OK with fixing healthcare slowly and deliberately, but it has to be done. I am tired of the GOP saying nothing needs to be done. If you took their federally provided healthcare away and subjected them to copays and arguing with medical providers to cover costs, then the healthcare system would be fixed fast. It has to be fixed. No two ways about it. Maybe he can explain to the white population how we can keep the insurance we now have and like. If the black population that has insurance and wants to keep it, they can listen in as well. Otherwise, he can talk all he wants, most of us will not listen until they answer the most critical question. I think there is just to many BIG WORDS for the 8th GRADE EDUCATED GOP to understand. Yes the progressive in the House has stated they will not vote for any bill if there is no public option. I support this stance, since it would please the traitorous repubs. It would maintain the status quo, the fascist repubs want That would give the Dems something to campaign on in 2010 and 2012, just show the screaming faux anger mobs carrying AK-47 rifles to town hall meetings with a byline: This is all the republicans had to offer for health care reform. Rep. Cleaver seems to be confusing his vocabulary words. At this point its clear the GOP has not interest in making any compromises – they want health care to fail for political reasons. If we don't reform health insurance now, it will consume 1/3 of our GDP in ten years. We will never be able to fix the deficit if we do not pass this reform. Its time we passed this reform with a simple majority using the reconciliation process – just like the GOP used it several times during the Bush & Cheney years. I know I am hard to reach sometime, but I really find it difficult what message this guy is sending. I'm not a big Cleaver fan but when he's right, he's right. Obama needs to be more concerned about getting it right than making sure he's the President that gets healthcare reform. There's plenty of time for legacy, he need to make sure and serve the people well. Bad healthcare reform is worse than no healthcare reform I'd never heard of Emanuel Cleaver before, but he seems honest and reasonable. It's a pleasure to read stuff like that, though I doubt many people will bother since nobody said anything stupid or outrageous in it. There will be no true reform unless we get the private insurers out of the health field. Their loyalty is to their shareholders and not to the patients or the nation.It took two failed wars and an economic debacle to get president Obama elected and we won't have what we need; a 100% public National Health System, until 100 million Americans are without medical coverage and the country is on the verge of ruin. There is just too much ignorance in this country. And we have to keep reminding ourselves that the Progressives as they like to call themselves have a political philosophy very close to that exhibited by Generalissimo Castro in Cuba. Medical decisions in Cuba are totally in the hands ot the party and enforced at the end of a gun barrell. That is what Obama wants. Mr. Obama lies when he says we will be able to keep our current medical plan (how gracious of him to let us keep them). THE BILLS (all four) provide that once you leave your plan you MUST submit to Federal control of your medical care and you are never allowed to leave for the rest of your life. That is a fact. When Cleaver says that there is the possibility that the president can work with some Republicans-the ones who are interested-he is ignoring the fact that Nancy Pelosi and most liberals ARE NOT INTERESTED IN WORKING WITH REPUBLICANS; it is the public option or no health care reform at all. If Obama does not try to have bipartisonship, which can only come about by dropping the public option, then it is the Democrat's own fault if health reform does not happen, and it will show that Obama is really Nancy Pelosi's puppet when he ran for President as a centrist. Mr. Obama tells us that illegal aliens will not be covered under this plan. What he doesn't go on to say is that they are ALREADY covered by Federal mandate and will CONTINUE to be covered, fully, just not under this plan. Who is being dishonest ? Those who want to continue to make their own health care decisions, or Mr. Obama who is obviously not being honest with us. How about I start it right now: We need a single-payer system because insurance companies are run by swine who only want your money, it is more efficient, it creates quite a nice social backstop so no one has to ever worry about a loved one (or themselves) going without health care when they need it, it is far less expensive than our currrent system, and, most importantly, it works for the most people. Cleaver is right. Part of the backlash is due to the perception that Pres Obama was trying to rush this through Congress before their summer break. The second reason is that their has been little detail revealed (having 3 different plans in Congress does not help). I am still waiting to see what this fair cost is going to be for the typical 25-30 year old, or typical' family of four, I think too many people think this is going to be free for these 43 million un-insured and that is not they case. Many people keep saying that they want the plan that our Congressmen/Senator's have, has anyone seen how much they pay for it. BTW, Pres Obama did admit that while he was a Senator, his wife rejected the federal plan and put their family on the private plan where they worked. At the moment Obama is making Waste. Wise man. I'm glad they aren't giving up just because a couple kooks tried to shout down health care reform. I want a national health exchange like they got in congress. haste makes waste.We've seen that already too many times this year and last year. I'm scared to death. I just lost my health inusrance and I have a few medical problems. Now I'll probably lose the equity I have in my home and still will probably have to declare bankruptcy. I'm in a no win situation with no releif in sight. This is America? | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Table 8 Other intervention studies on the effect of ANC on stillbirth and perinatal mortality
From: Reducing stillbirths: behavioural and nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy
Source Location and Type of Study Intervention Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes
Intervention studies
Lovell et al. 1987 [123] UK.
RCT. N = 246 women.
Compared an intervention group of women who were allowed to carry their full set of antenatal records until childbirth to a control group who carried a 'co-op card,' with their maternity notes retained by the hospital. PM: RR = 1.04 (95% CI: 0.15–7.24) [NS]
[2/104 vs 2/108 in intervention group vs control group, respectively]
Majoko et al. 2007 [63] Zimbabwe, rural ANC/primary care clinics.
Cluster (clinic-randomised) RCT. N = 13,517 low-risk pregnant women (N = 6897 intervention group, N = 6620 controls).
Compared pregnancy outcomes among women who completed a focused 5-visit ANC program with controls given standard ANC (13 visits, every 4 weeks from booking until 28 wks, every 2 wks between 28 and 36 wks and weekly after 36 wks until childbirth). Mean visits achieved: 4 for intervention group, 4 for control group. SB: OR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.62–1.27) [NS]
[12.0/1000 vs 13.5/1000 in focused ANC vs standard ANC groups, respectively]
PMR: OR = 1.11 (95% CI: 0.89–1.39) [NS] [28/1000 vs. 25.2/1000 in focused ANC vs standard ANC groups, respectively]
O'Rourke 1998 [78]. Bolivia (Inquisivi Province). Rural community-based setting.
Before-after study. N = 409 women.
Evaluated the impact of an intervention that initiated and strengthened women's organisations, developed women's skills in problem identification and prioritisation, and trained community members in safe birthing techniques in terms of utilisation of ANC. Outcome measures included breastfeeding rates, participation in women's organisations, and perinatal mortality. PM: 62.4% reduction (P < 0.001)
[4.4% after vs. 11.7% before the program]
Wilkinson et al. 1991 [72] South Africa (Lebowa). Rural hospital (Jane Furse Hospital).
Before-after study. N = 640 women assessed at baseline, N = 2193 women assessed after intervention.
Employed perinatal audit to identify causes of perinatal death, then implemented targeted intervention strategies to reduce the number of preventable perinatal deaths. PM: 31.7% reduction (χ2 = 3.871 df, P < 0.05) [60/1000 (38/640) before vs 41/1000 (90/2193) after]
Reduction in potentially avoidable deaths: (χ2 = 4.501 df, P < 0.05) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
0
Hi,
There are multiple threads runing in my application, the application is very huge. A client server architecture, though the client stops, the server keeps running at the back ground.
It so happens that sometimes, even after i click the exit button which has "this.Close()" called inside the click event handler, the client still survives in the process, the only work around is to kill the process and start again, client is mutex.
Any help appreciated.
Thanks.
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Last Post by darkagn
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Try Application.Close() or Environment.Exit(int) methods. this.Close() closes the form but doesn't shut down the application.
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I wrote Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill(), is this right, am not sure if this is a perfect piece of code for the requirement.
how does Application.Exit and Application.Close differ with each other ?
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Environment.Exit() allows you to pass an error code integer like many console applications do when they complete their execution. Application.Exit() is probably the best method as this indicates that the application is complete without error. Both methods will terminate threads of execution and dispose of the memory objects cleanly.
I have never used Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill() but I think this might not be enough to close an application in some circumstances?
EDIT: My earlier post listed Application.Close() -- this should be Application.Exit() - sorry for the confusion.
This topic has been dead for over six months. Start a new discussion instead.
Have something to contribute to this discussion? Please be thoughtful, detailed and courteous, and be sure to adhere to our posting rules. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Meniscus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A: The bottom of a concave meniscus.
B: The top of a convex meniscus.
The meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for "crescent") is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, caused by surface tension. It can be either convex or concave, depending on the liquid and the surface.
A convex meniscus occurs when the particles in the liquid have a stronger attraction to each other (cohesion) than to the material of the container (adhesion).[1] Convex menisci occur, for example, between mercury and glass in barometers[1] and thermometers. Conversely, a concave meniscus occurs when the particles of the liquid are more strongly attracted to the container than to each other, causing the liquid to climb the walls of the container. This occurs between water and glass.
The meniscus and measurement[edit]
A meniscus as seen in a burette of colored water. '20.00 mL' is the correct depth measurement.
When reading a depth scale on the side of an instrument filled with liquid, such as a water level device, the meniscus must be taken into account in order to obtain an accurate measurement. Depth must be measured with the meniscus at eye level (to eliminate parallax error) and at the center of the meniscus, i.e. the top of a convex meniscus or the bottom of a concave meniscus.
Manufacturers of glassware and other tools calibrate their measurement marks to account for the meniscus. This means that any instrument is calibrated for a specific liquid, usually water.
Capillary action[edit]
Menisci are a manifestation of capillary action, by which surface adhesion pulls a liquid up to form a concave meniscus or internal cohesion pulls the liquid down to form a convex meniscus. This phenomenon is important in transpirational pull in plants. When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude 2πrdσ.[citation needed] Water-based fluids, including sap, honey, milk etc., have a concave meniscus.
References[edit]
1. ^ a b Moore, John W.; Stanitski, Conrad L.; Jurs, Peter C. (2005). Chemistry: The Molecular Science. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. p. 290. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 24.djvu/324
Rh 300 v o s v o w received the appointment of professor of rhetoric and chronology, and subsequently of Greek, in the university. In 1624: the university of Cambridge offered him a professorship, which he declined. Two years afterwards another unsuccessful effort was made to induce him to settle in England, but he accepted from Archbishop Laud a prebend in Canterbury cathedral of the value of 100 per annum, without residence, coming over to England to be installed in 1629, when he was made LL.D. at Oxford. In 1632 he left Leyden to take the post of professor of history in the newly founded Athenaeum at Amsterdam, which he held till his death, March 17^1649. He was one of the great scholars of the world, and his character added lustre to his learning. His works, of which a complete edition appeared at Amsterdam, 1695-1701, in 6 vols. fol., are philological, historical, and theological. He made invaluable con tributions to the correct study of Latin grammar and of the Greek and Latin historians. He was amongst the first to treat theoiogical dogmas and the heathen religions from the historical point of view. His principal works are Hiatoria Pdagiana (1618) ; Etymologicum Linguie Latinse (1662); Commentariorum Rhetor icorvm Libri VII. (1606); De Historicis Grascis Libri III. (1624); DeHistoricis Latinis Libri III. (1627); De Theologia Gentili (1642); Dissertationes Trcs de Tribus Symbolis, Apostolico, Atlianasiano, et Constantinopolitano (1642). See Nice ron, Memoires pour serrii a I Histoire des Homines Illtistres, vol. xiii., Paris, 1730; Herzog s Realencyk/cpaJie, art. " Vossius." VOSSIUS, ISAAC (1618-1689), son of the preceding, was born at Leyden in 1618, and was carefully educated by his father. After three years spent on a learned tour through England, France, and Italy, which he used in making the acquaintance of the first scholars and the great libraries of those countries, and from which he brought back many valuable MSS., he accepted in 1648 an invitation to the court of the brilliant Queen Christina of Sweden, whom he taught Greek. He declined the offer of the chair of history at Amsterdam vacated by his father s death, and continued for some years in Sweden, with occasional visits to Holland. In 1658 he finally left Sweden. His father s merits and his own learning pro cured him favour with Louis XIV. of France and in England. In 1670 he came to reside in England, was made LL.D. of Oxford, and in spite of notorious looseness of morals and levity of character received a canonry at Windsor from Charles II. in 1673, residing in the castle, where he died in February 1689. His learning was great, and he rendered valuable services in connexion with ancient history, antiquities, chronology, and geography, though they were marred by the admixture of great levity and want of judgment. To him is owing the first Greek- text of the six shorter epistles of Ignatius (1646). He published valuable editions of the geographer Scylax (1639), of Justin (1640), of Pomponius Mela (1648), and of Catullus (1684). In his various dissertations on chronology he maintained the greater accuracy of the system of the Septuagint in comparison with that of the Hebrew text, and generally asserted the greater genuineness of the Greek translation as compared with the Massoretic text. He in herited his father s valuable library, which, to the great sorrow of Evelyn, went after his death back to Holland. Comp. Nicdron s Memoires, vol. xiii. VOTKINSK, an iron-work in the Urals, in the Russian government of Vyatka, 47 miles north of Sarapul, and 8 miles from the Kama, was founded in 1756. Its popula tion reached 15,480 in 1885. Together with the Kamsk iron-work, Votkinsk was till lately one of the chief Govern ment establishments for the construction of steamers for the Caspian flotilla, as well as of locomotives for the Siberian railway, and it has long been renowned for its excellent tarantasses and other smaller iron-wares, as well as for its knitted goods. JSTo large orders having been received from the Government, a number of workmen recently united into an " artel " or co-operative society for the manufacture of agricultural machinery, already known throughout Russia for its excellence and cheapness. VOUET, SIMON (1590-1649), French painter, born at Paris, January 9, 1590, passed many years in Italy, where he married, and established himself at Eome, enjoying there a high reputation as a portrait painter. Louis XIII. recalled him to France, lodged him in the Louvre with the title of First Painter to the Crown, and gave him a considerable salary. All royal work for the palaces of the Louvre and the Luxembourg was placed in his hands ; the king became his pupil ; he formed a large school, and renewed the traditions of that of Fontainebleau. Amongst his scholars was the famous Lebrun (who raised on the foundations laid by his master the tyranny by which he dominated the whole artistic world during the reign of Louis XFV.), Lebrun s rival Errard, Louis Lerambert, the two Testelins, Poerson, and Dorigny. Vouet was an exceedingly skilful painter, especially in decoration, and executed important works of this class for Cardinal Richelieu (Rueil and Palais Royal) and other great nobles. His better easel pictures bear a curious resemblance to those of Sassoferrato, but, being much in demand, he fell into mannerisms, and of the enormous quantity of work produced by himself or with the aid of his pupils little has survived worth study. Almost everything he did was engraved by his sons-in-law Tortebat and Dorigny. VOW, a solemn undertaking to do something which is held to be acceptable to the Deity. In the antique re ligions mere prayer, without some material expression of homage, was not held to be a complete or normal act of worship (cf. SACRIFICE). Supplications, therefore, were generally presented to the Deity in connexion with a sacrifice, or, if the moment of need was one at which a ritual offering could not well be presented, the prayer for help was naturally accompanied by a promise to present a gift at a future time. Thus prayer together with a vow is a sort of imperfect act of worship, which has to be com pleted by the discharge of the vow at the sanctuary. So in Greek the same word eu^ is equally applicable to the prayer which opened a service of sacrifice and to a vow taken at the commencement of an enterprise or in other time of need. So too the Latin votum means both " vow " and " desire." In the Old Testament, in like manner, it is generally a sacrifice or gift at the sanctuary which is promised in vows, and the word "vow" (neder) means also "a votive sacrifice," as distinguished from obligatory sacrifices (piacular offer ings and stated festal sacrifices; 1 Sam. i. 21). The vows of which we read in the Old Testament and in classical authors are generally conditional on the fulfil ment of the petition with which they are coupled. Such vows are made on occasions of special need, or difficulty (Ps. Ixvi. 13 sq.; Pliny, H. N., viii. 21 [57], "turn prsecipuus votorum locus est cum spei nullus est"), as before a peril ous enterprise (Gen. xxviii. 20 ; Judg. xi. 30). The pay ment offered may be a victim for the altar, or any other gift which the ritual of the religion acknowledges as acceptable. But, as vows are generally made on extra ordinary occasions, the thing promised will often be excep tional in kind or magnitude. The vow of Jephthah (Judg. xi.) is a case in point, and also illustrates by an extreme example the principle that a vow once taken must be ful filled at any cost. This principle was so far modified in later times, in Israel, that exceptional vows were by law redeemed at a valuation (Lev. xxvii.). Hannah s vow, de voting her unborn son to the service of the sanctuary (1 Sam. i. 11), would have fallen under this law. Moreover, the law provided that the vow of an unmarried daughter or of a wife might be disallowed by the father or husband respectively (Numb. xxx.). On the other hand, a widow or a divorced woman was free to make what vow she pleased. These provisions are important evidence of the legal posi tion of woman in Hebrew society, and also, ex silentio, as implying that Hebrew sons (at least after infancy) were not subject to patria potestas of the Roman kind. | WIKI |
Portal:Mesoamerica/Did you know/body/120
* ... that the Peñol de Cerquín, a Lenca fortress in southern Honduras, successfully resisted the Spanish conquistadores for months? | WIKI |
User:Manuelmvre/sandbox
Bad News Good Timing is a comedy news podcast hosted by Chicago-based comedians Matt Riggs and Joe Fernandez. Episodes begin with a written intro read by the guest. Segments include "Personal News," "News," "This Day in History," and "This Day in The Future." Episodes end with the guest and hosts singing a song chosen by the guest (starting in episode XX). | WIKI |
Ask Your Question
1
Mapping between isomorphic NumberFields
asked 2018-04-13 15:35:18 -0500
BrentBaccala gravatar image
If I set up two NumberFields that differ only in the variable used in their defining polynomials, they don't report equal:
sage: a=QQ['a'].0
sage: aRing = NumberField(a^2 + 1, 'a')
sage:
sage: b=QQ['b'].0
sage: bRing = NumberField(b^2 + 1, 'a')
sage:
sage: aRing is bRing
False
This I can live with. But shouldn't I be able to convert elements between them?
sage: aa=aRing.0
sage: bb=bRing.0
sage: bRing(aa)
TypeError: No compatible natural embeddings found for Number Field in a with defining polynomial b^2 + 1 and Number Field in a with defining polynomial a^2 + 1
I can convert like this:
sage: bbb = aa.polynomial()(bb)
sage: bbb.parent() == bRing
True
...but this seems awkward, and requires defining an auxilary function if you want to pass it to map or map_coefficients.
Is this a bug? Should I report it on Sage's Trac, or is there a good reason for this?
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answered 2018-04-14 07:37:04 -0500
tmonteil gravatar image
updated 2018-04-15 12:38:49 -0500
Indeed, in Sage the name of the indeterminates matters, this is not a bug. Think about the multivariate case to be convinced of the reason why.
You can define the mapping as follows:
sage: h = bRing.hom([aa])
sage: h
Ring morphism:
From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial b^2 + 1
To: Number Field in a with defining polynomial a^2 + 1
Defn: a |--> a
sage: h(bb) == aa
True
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Separation of no-carrier-added 90Nb from proton induced natural zirconium target
Article
Abstract
No-carrier-added (nca) 90Nb (14.6 h) was produced by irradiating a natural zirconium foil of 4.9 mg/cm2 thickness by 13 MeV proton beam. Nca 90Nb of ~27 kBq activity was produced in the target matrix. Liquid–liquid extraction technique was applied using trioctylamine (TOA) in cyclohexane to separate nca 90Nb from bulk zirconium matrix. About 70% radiochemical yield of nca 90Nb was achieved with a separation factor of 1.4 × 104.
Keywords
90Nb Proton irradiation LLX TOA Radiochemical separation
Notes
Acknowledgements
This work has been carried out as part of the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics-Department of Atomic Energy, XI five year plan project “Trace Analysis: Detection, Dynamics and Speciation (TADDS)”. Authors are thankful to pelletron staff of BARC-TIFR pelletron facility, Mumbai, for their kind cooperation and help during experiment. M. Maiti expresses sincere thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing necessary grants.
References
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Amin KI, Adelstein SJ (2005) Radiobiologic principles in radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med 46:4S–12SGoogle Scholar
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Lahiri S, Mukhopadhyay B, Das NR (1997) Simultaneous production of 89Zr and 90,91m,92mNb in α-particle activated yttrium and their subsequent separation by HDEHP. Appl Radiat Isot 48:883–886CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Lahiri S, Mukhopadhyay B, Das NR (1997) Simultaneous production of 89Zr and 90,91m,92mNb in α-particle activated yttrium and their subsequent separation by TOA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 218:229–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Lahiri S, Mukhopadhyay B, Das NR (1997) LLX separation of carrier free 94,95,97,103Ru, 93,94,95,96,99mTc and 95,96Nb produced in alpha-particle activated molybdenum by TOA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 221:167–171CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Lahiri S, Mukhopadhyay B, Das NR (1998) Studies on liquid–liquid extraction of no-carrier-added 91,92,96Nb and 93mMo isotopes produced in α-particle activated zirconium target with HDEHP. Radiochim Acta 83:93–95Google Scholar
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Busse S, Brockmann J, Rosch F (2002) Radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added radioniobium from zirconium targets for application of 90Nb-labelled compounds. Radiochim Acta 90:411–415CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Blann M (1982) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report No. UCID 19614Google Scholar
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Blann M (1988) International centre for theoretical physics workshop on applied nuclear theory and nuclear model calculations for nuclear technology applications. Trieste, Italy, SMR/284-1Google Scholar
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Dutta B, Maiti M, Lahiri S (2009) Production of 88,89Zr by proton induced activation of natY and separation by SLX and LLX. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 281:663–667Google Scholar
10. 10.
Verweij W (2005) CHEAQS PRO: a program for calculating chemical equilibria in aquatic systems. http://home.tiscali.nl/cheaqs/
11. 11.
Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A (1989) Chemistry of the elements. Pergamon Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2009
Authors and Affiliations
1. 1.Chemical Sciences DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsKolkataIndia
Personalised recommendations | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The 'Salt Queen' working to transform the health of a nation
CNN is committed to covering gender inequality wherever it occurs in the world. This story is part of As Equals, an ongoing series. Fatick, Senegal — Marie Diouf, 35, is on her cellphone speaking swiftly in Wolof, a lyrical Senegalese language, as salt flies past her. Dressed in a red boubou, a long traditional robe, Diouf cuts a striking figure in an otherwise muted landscape encrusted in white. As the sun sets, casting an orange hue over the salt flats of Fatick, in southwestern Senegal, Diouf stands, hand on hip, surveying a group of sinewy young men chipping away at a hardened, crystallized mound. "When I saw other men who had their own land I thought, 'why not me?'" Diouf said, gesturing across the expansive plains, dotted with ancient baobab trees. In the distance, tucked away in fields of dry maize, is her village Ndiemou, which means "Salt" in the local Serer language. When Senegal privatized land in the area in 2000, Diouf became the first woman to invest. It was a bold move in the west African country, where women have limited access to property despite providing the vast majority of agricultural labor. During the high harvesting season, from February to April, the salt flats are scattered with hundreds of women toiling away in over 40 degrees Celsius (100 degree Fahrenheit), scooping the crystalline mineral into baskets later carried aloft on their heads. But they're not necessarily the ones to benefit financially from the production. It's an inequity that didn't sit well with Diouf. "When I first started, men were telling me that I wasn't going to last in this business, but I would say to them that every job a man can do, a woman can too." Today, she employs dozens of women and men -- including her husband -- in her own micro-business, producing about four to five tons of salt daily in peak season by extracting water from a nearby river to evaporate on land. "At home my husband is the boss, but here, in the salt flats, it's me," Diouf said, breaking into an infectious laugh. The same year Diouf leased her plot of land, a presidential decree mandated that all salt harvested in Senegal be iodized. It's a public health strategy widely considered to be the most effective way to prevent iodine deficiency, which can cause goiter (swollen thyroid glands in the neck), stunted growth and mental impairment -- health issues that had long plagued parts of Senegal. And it's cheap to do -- each ton of salt needs about 6 ounces of potassium iodate, which costs only $4.25. In most developed countries around the world, table salt has been fortified for nearly a century, which is why the concept of iodine deficiency is almost unheard of in places like the United States. But not here. Despite being the largest salt producer in West Africa (Senegal mines nearly 500,000 tons annually), iodine deficiency is still a stubborn problem across the country. Experts say that's down to quality control. Most Senegalese people get their salt from small scale artisanal harvesters, like Diouf, who make up about one-third of the country's overall production. But many fail to iodize their salt effectively. Those quality issues are why the Iodine Global Network, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition and others are pushing for Senegal to pivot from supporting small scale producers to deploying iodized salt industrially instead: in processed foods, condiments and seasonings, such as stock cubes. Only 37% of Senegalese households have access to adequately iodized salt, according to a 2015 nationwide survey, and the situation is worse in rural areas. For comparison, approximately 70% of all households globally had access in 2013. And the need for iodine, which is critical to brain development, increases during pregnancy and infancy. In 2015, 30% of pregnant women in Senegal were iodine deficient, according to the same survey. Without the essential nutrient, they risk losing babies in miscarriages, or giving birth to children with permanent neurological damage. Even a slight deficiency can lower a child's I.Q. by 10 to 15 points. Other than iodized salt, sources of iodine include seafood, as well as some dairy products and grains (depending on the soil where it's grown). But in rural regions of Senegal, those foods aren't always part of an average diet -- especially for those struggling with poverty and food security. So Diouf, supported by Canadian-based non-governmental organization Nutrition International, has taken on the mantle of local businesswoman and evangelist, going door-to-door to raise awareness about the importance of iodine. As a result, Marie's village, where she is known as "the queen of salt," seems to buck nationwide data that shows access to adequately iodized salt is lowest in harvesting areas. Only 11% of populations living in salt harvesting regions have access to iodized salt, compared to 53% in urban areas, according to the 2015 government study. Adama Nguirane, the regional representative for the government's universal salt iodization project, says this disparity is down to a few factors, but chief among them is a lack of means. It's difficult to convince people to buy iodized salt when they can get it in their backyards for free. That's why it is critical to get women like Diouf involved in the supply chain, Nguirane says, because they're the ones cooking meals for their families and taking care of the children. "I believe in the development of my country and it's essential that we fix this problem for our children and our future," Nguirane said. "Marie is the model, and we rely on her to show us the way." Menno Mulder-Sibanda, a senior nutrition specialist with the World Bank, which has a long-standing partnership with the Senegalese government, says that reducing iodine deficiency is an "essential" part of investing in the economic growth of a nation, and, given the limited agricultural promise of Senegal, the key driver of its future will be in new service-oriented businesses and technology. "There is a moral question, of not acting on something that is so, in a way, manageable," Mulder-Sibanda said. "Obviously salt iodization in a country like Senegal is tremendously difficult to implement as a public response. But it baffles me that we haven't moved on this issue." Pape Coumb Ndoffene Faye, the headteacher at the village's elementary school, says he has noticed a big difference in his students' achievement as a result of Diouf's work. "Since the project began, I know children have been getting iodized salt at home and in the canteen here, and mental capacity has improved," Faye says, adding that the school now ranks fourth out of 31 for test results in the region. Faye, who has been working as headteacher since 2004, adds: "If we look at it as a curve, it's been going up since I started." Diouf has high hopes for her 13-year-old daughter Fatou, a graduate of Ndiemou elementary. She now walks about 2.5 miles to her middle school each morning. Diouf wants to see her become a powerful CEO, a diplomat, or even the first female president, one day. Her aspirations may be high, but they feel attainable. President of Senegal Macky Sall was born in the city of Fatick, just 5 miles from Ndiemou, where he served as Mayor from 2009 to 2012. Local people here have a lot of pride in his success, but the region has changed little since his time in office -- it's still among the poorest in Senegal. Elsewhere in the country, however, Sall's vision for the future looks bright. On the road to Fatick from Dakar, Senegal's investment in technology and services is embodied in the promise of a glittering, futuristic city: Diamniadio. It's the crown jewel in Sall's Emerging Senegal plan, which aims to alleviate poverty and get Senegal on the road to development by 2035. Critics have called the $2 billion urban center a vanity project for Sall, who is running for reelection in February. In any case, it's clear that if basic levels of nutrition aren't delivered in places like Fatick, parts of the population will be left behind on Senegal's road to economic fulfillment. Still, Diouf is hopeful. "Macky Sall won't be here forever, we want our children to be prepared to replace him." Meissa Seck contributed to this report from Fatick. The As Equals reporting project is funded by the European Journalism Centre via its Innovation in Development Reporting Grant Programme. Click here for more stories like this. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Installing a .NET Windows Service Multiple Times
RSS
Modified on Wed, Sep 16, 2015, 8:00 PM by Administrator Categorized as Windows (OS, IE, IIS, and MSMQ), ·Net Framework
Overview
I had a Windows service that was developed (in C# in Visual Studio 2013) to run against a database. Eventually, I needed to deploy this to our application server, but hit a wrinkle. We had only one application server to host the service, but multiple databases the service needed to run against. The solution was to install multiple instances of the service, each in its own folder and with its own configuration file. The key to getting this to work was to know how to install a .NET Windows service via installutil.exe and change the name of the service during installation. You do this by coding the service project installer to handle a custom command line argument. This article documents how to do this.
This article was adapted from http://www.damirscorner.com/InstallNETWindowsServiceWithADifferentName.aspx
Procedure
1. Create a Project Installer for the service. (This is done by right-clicking the design surface for the service and selecting "Add Installer" from the context menu.)
2. Change the code as follows.
This code implements the custom command line option "/ServiceName", which will be used later when building a batch file to install the service.
[RunInstaller(true)]
public partial class ProjectInstaller : System.Configuration.Install.Installer
{
private string _dividerBar;
public ProjectInstaller()
{
InitializeComponent();
_dividerBar = "=".PadRight(100, '=');
}
private void SetServiceName()
{
WriteLog("Setting Service Name");
var items = Context.Parameters;
WriteLog(string.Format("Found the following {0} parameter(s)", items.Count));
foreach (DictionaryEntry item in items)
{
WriteLog(string.Format(" {0} = [{1}]", item.Key, item.Value));
}
if (items.ContainsKey("ServiceName"))
{
var s = items["ServiceName"];
WriteLog("ServiceName = [" + s + "]");
// TODO: Change ACME_Jobs_Emailer to whatever your service is
this.ACME_Jobs_Emailer.ServiceName = s;
this.ACME_Jobs_Emailer.DisplayName = s;
}
}
protected override void OnBeforeInstall(IDictionary savedState)
{
WriteLog(_dividerBar);
WriteLog("Installing");
SetServiceName();
base.OnBeforeInstall(savedState);
}
protected override void OnBeforeUninstall(IDictionary savedState)
{
WriteLog(_dividerBar);
WriteLog("Uninstalling");
SetServiceName();
base.OnBeforeUninstall(savedState);
}
private void WriteLog(string msg)
{
msg = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss tt") + "> " + msg;
this.Context.LogMessage(msg);
}
}
3. Create app.config transforms
Using Slow Cheetah, you can create app.config transformations within your service project. Each transformation can contain a connection string and other settings specific to the environment where it will be deployed.
4. Write a batch file to install the services
Create the following batch file in the root folder of your service project, and be sure to include it in your Visual Studio project. You will need to change instances of "ACME.Jobs.Emailer" to the name of your service. You can also repeat the pattern of code in the batch file for as many environments as needed.
rem TODO: Replace all instances of "ACME.Jobs.Emailer" with the name of your service
rem ==============================================================================================================
rem ===== INSTALL UAT ============================================================================================
rem ==============================================================================================================
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /u /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - UAT" .\UAT\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - UAT" .\UAT\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
rem ==============================================================================================================
rem ===== INSTALL DEMO ===========================================================================================
rem ==============================================================================================================
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /u /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - DEMO" .\DEMO\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - DEMO" .\DEMO\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
rem ==============================================================================================================
rem ===== INSTALL TRAINING =======================================================================================
rem ==============================================================================================================
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /u /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - TRAINING" .\TRAINING\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - TRAINING" .\TRAINING\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
rem ==============================================================================================================
rem ===== INSTALL PRODUCTION =====================================================================================
rem ==============================================================================================================
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /u /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - PRODUCTION" .\Release\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /ServiceName="ACME.Jobs.Emailer - PRODUCTION" .\Release\ACME.Jobs.Emailer.exe
5. Create Post-Build Event Code (optional)
As a convenience, I created the following post-build event command line to copy the batch file created above (which, in my case, I called install-amazon.bat) to the bin folder
copy /y "$(ProjectDir)install-amazon.bat" "$(TargetDir)..\install-amazon.bat"
6. Build the project for each Build Configuration of interest.
In my case, I would repeatedly select the Build Configuration, then build the project, then repeat this for each Build Configuration of interest.
7. Create a ZIP Deployment Package
Within Windows explorer, navigate to the bin folder for your project. ZIP up the batch file (in my case install-amazon.bat) along with all the folders for the environments of interest.
8. Deploy the ZIP Deployment package
Upload the ZIP deployment package to the server, extract it there, then run the batch file (in my case install-amazon.bat).
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Subrata Guha
Subrata Guha (31 January 1946 – 5 November 2003) was an Indian cricketer who played in four Test matches between 1967 and 1969.
Guha was a medium-fast opening bowler. While he was a 20-year-old student at Calcutta University, he was largely responsible for inflicting the only defeat on the touring West Indians in 1966–67, when he took 4 for 64 and 7 for 49 for a combined Central and East Zones team. He was less successful on the subsequent tour of England, although he played in one of the Tests. He also had little success in three Tests against Australia in 1969–70. However, he continued to bowl successfully for Bengal in the Ranji Trophy, with 209 wickets at an average of 14.61, and best figures of 7 for 18 against Assam in 1972–73.
Guha worked for the State Bank of India. He and his wife Neelum married in 1971 and had two sons. One of their sons, Kunal, married the actress Nethra Raghuraman. Guha died suddenly of a heart attack in November 2003, aged 57. | WIKI |
FAQ
Do you perform service XYZ?
We are always working on new projects and optimizing workflows, so our list of services offered is always changing. Please reach out to us at genomics@dal.ca to see what we can do for you!
How do I submit my samples to the Genomics CORE?
Please reach out to us at genomics@dal.ca and we will walk you through the sample submission process.
Do you offer bioinformatic and data analysis services?
We do! Please reach out to us at genomics@dal.ca to discuss your potential options regarding general data analysis and extended reporting/analysis options.
Do you take international samples?
Yes we do, you can contact us at genomics@dal.ca to arrange shipping.
What does service XYZ cost?
Every project is different, we have carefully curated cost-models that are always changing based on the fluctuating costs of reagents and the designs of different types of experiments. Please reach out to us at genomics@dal.ca for accurate costing of your project or if you are just curious or you need the information for a grant proposal.
Do you perform DNA/RNA Extractions?
We do. We can extract from many sample types including but not limited to :-
• Saliva
• Tissue (Fresh or frozen)
• FFPE blocks
• Blood (whole and buffy coat)
• Cultured cells in Trizol
What read depth do I need for RNA-Seq?
This is a tough question, and varies from project to project. It's common to start at the low end if you're new to RNA-Seq. Once we make your library it can be run multiple times to add more reads as needed with just a new flow cell being purchased. Here's a rough guide to how many reads per sample you might need.
Million reads/sample
1-5M miRNA-Seq or Small RNA Analysis.
3M Targeted RNA Expression.
5-25M Gene Expression profiling for quick snapshot of highly expressed genes.
30-60M Global gene Expression profiling with some alternative splicing.
100-200M In-depth transcriptome for looking for new transcripts.
How long should my reads be for RNA-Seq?
Here's a rough guide to read length
Gene expression / RNA Profiling – Quantifying the coding transcriptome typically requires a short single read (often 50–75 bp) to minimize reading across splice junctions while counting all RNAs in the pool.
Transcriptome Analysis – Novel transcriptome assembly and annotation projects tend to benefit from longer, paired-end reads (such as 2 x 50 bp or 2 x 150 bp) to enable more complete coverage of the transcripts and identification of novel variants or splice sites. Paired-end reads are required to get information from both 5’ and 3’ ends of RNA species with stranded RNA-Seq library preparation kits.
Small RNA Analysis – Due to the short length of small RNA, a single read (usually a 50 bp read) typically covers the entire sequence. A read length of 50 bp sequences most small RNAs, plus enough of the adapter to be accurately identified and trimmed during data analysis.
What depth of sequencing do I need for an exome?
Read depth is determined by the number of samples loaded onto a single flow cell. Each flow cell has a set amount of nucleotides, and they can be divided by the number of samples. For example you could run 12 samples at 30X or 4 samples at 90X on the same flow cell.
You might use 30X to maximise samples on a flow cell and lower the cost per sample, whereas you might want 100X if you're looking for rare variants,
Can I book equipment in the Genomics Core?
Yes you can. The CORES facilities operate as fee-for-service and use DalMedix online application for scheduling and billing equipment usage.
Principal Investigators with Dal funding accounts can find more information on how to register in Internal Users ReadMe document and all other users including Dal PI wanting to use external accounts please refer to External Users ReadMe document.
Please complete the form and email it to Cores.
Do you run libraries prepared outside the Genomics Core lab?
We do. You can send us your pre-prepared library, we'll do a quick QC and load onto our Illumina NextSeq 2000. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Isse Mohamoud
Isse Mohamoud or Eisse Mahmoud (Ciise Maxamuud) (عِيْسَىُ مَحَمُوْدً), (İsa Mehmut); Eisse is a prominent sub-clan within the Majertein clan, comprising a significant population in four regional states primarily located in Puntland Somalia.
Genealogy
The line of descent agreed upon by the ancestral family involves Eisse childbearing three sons: (Musse Eisse, Mohamed Eisse, Abokor Eisse)
* 1) Son of Eise (Ciise)
* 2) Son of Mohamoud
* 3) Son of Saleiman
* 4) Son of Mohamed
* 5) Son of Ibrahim
* 6) Son of Jibrahil
* 7) Son of Mohamed "Ummad-Nebi"
* 8) Son of Abdullahi "Tol-Jecle"
* 9) Son of Hassan "Himidor"
* 10) Son of Talareir (Talo-Reer)
* 11) Son of Mohamed "Walaal Yabare"
* 12) Son of Hijijle ″Xijiijle″
* 13) Son of Nolays
* 14) Son of Omar "Sorore / Nabidor"
* 15) Son of Awe ″Aawe″
* 16) Son of Mohamed "Bah-Majertein"
* 17) Son of Salah "Harti"
* 18) Son of Hantale
* 19) Son of Amlale
* 20) Son of Kombe "Abdi"
* 21) Son of Kablalah "Mohamed"
* 22) Son of Darod "Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti"
* 23) Son of Jaberti "Ismaeil"
Tribal chiefs (Issims)
Isse Mahmoud exhibits two distinct traditions, known as (Issims), within their cultural framework. However, despite the subdivision of the sub-clan into three subs, referred to as (Jifo), it is likely that they possess a comparatively lower number of traditional leaders, commonly referred to as (Sultan), in comparison to other tribes in Majertein.
* Islam Eise Islam Mohamed (Mouse Eise)
* Sultan Sa'eed Mohamed Garase (Abokor Eise)
Clan tree
The structures of the clans and sub clans are not clearly agreed upon. However, the following summarised clan tree presented below is taken from John Hunt's A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate (1944-1950):
* Mohamud Saleban
* Osman Mohamud
* Omar Mohamud
* Ise Mohamud
* Mohamed Ise
* Abukar Ise
* Osman Abukar
* Hassan Abukar
* Warfa Abukar
* Ugar Abukar
* Hassan Ugar
* Idris Ugar
* Hassan Idris
* Yunis Idris
* Ahmed Ugar (Axmed Kheyr)
* Bah Dir
* Bah Leelkase
* Mohamed Ugar
* Reer Faarax
* Reer Yoonis
* Muse Ese
* Ali Nur Muse
* Nuh Muse
* Mohamed Muse
* Hussein Mohamed (Reer Xuseen)
* Ahmed Mohamed
* Mohamed Ahmed
* Nuh Ahmed (Colmarabe)
* Guled Ahmed (Culimo Cad)
* Muse Ahmed (Reer Muuse Cad)
* Aden Ahmed (Reer Aadan)
* Ishaq Ahmed
* Abdi Ishaq (Reer Cabdi)
* Samakab Ishaq (Reer Samakaab)
* Muse Ishaq
* Naleye Muse
* Mohamed Muse (Bah Awrtable)
* Bi'idyahan Muse
* Hassan Bi'idyahan
* Hussein Bi'idyahan
* Samatar Bi'idyahan (Reer Samatar)
* Shirwa Bi'idyahan (Reer Shirwac)
* Jarafle Bi'idyahan (Reer Jarafle)
Notable people
* Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud Farole — former president of Puntland.
* Abdi Farah — Minister of interior (Puntland)
* Abshir Omar Huruse — current Minister of foreign affairs (Somalia)
* Ahmed Isse Awad — former Minister of foreign affairs (Somalia)
* Hassan Abshir Farah — former Prime Minister of somalia
* Said Mohamed Hersy — former commander of the Somali National Army and Puntland Dervish Force
* Mohamed Abshir Muse — first Somali Police Officer
* Mohamed Said Farole — current Puntland Ministry of Planning (Puntland)
* Jimale Jama Takar — current military commander for Danab (Puntland) | WIKI |
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A recent nationwide survey conducted by Planet Fitness**, found that 76 percent of Americans would rather put themselves in an uncomfortable situation – like getting a root canal, attending jury duty or suffering through an awkward family dinner – than endure a workout in extreme heat. As the temperatures continue to rise this summer, Planet Fitness offers a cool, welcoming environment where any fitness level can get a good workout.
For those looking to start or continue a strength training journey in a non-intimidating environment, Planet Fitness is helping its members grow stronger together with best-in-class plate-loaded strength equipment, cardio equipment, Smith machines, stretch space and more.
To further welcome and encourage gym-goers of all ages this summer, Planet Fitness' High School Summer Pass has also returned for its fifth year, allowing high school teens ages 14 – 19*** to work out for free at any of its 2,700+ Planet Fitness locations throughout the U.S. and Canada. For more information on High School Summer Pass, including how to sign up, visit PlanetFitness.com/SummerPass.
Every Planet Fitness membership includes free fitness training with a certified fitness trainer and access to strength and name-brand cardio equipment, and the free Planet Fitness App featuring hundreds of on-demand digital workouts. The balanced mix of cardio and strength equipment ensures members of all fitness levels have everything they need to meet their fitness goals. Many clubs are open 24 hours for added convenience.
To locate the nearest Planet Fitness club and take advantage of this limited time offer for new members, please visit PlanetFitness.com/Local-Clubs.
*U.S. locations only **Online survey conducted by Wired Research to 1,000 nationally representative Americans ages 18+ with a margin of error of +/- 3.1 percent. ***Teenagers ages 14 – 19 can visit any Planet Fitness location in the United States and Canada. Teens must work out at the location they sign up at and are not permitted to use other locations. Teens under 18 or the age of majority in the applicable jurisdiction, must sign-up with a parent or guardian in-club or online at PlanetFitness.com/SummerPass. Once the parent or guardian waiver is signed for teens under 18 or the age of majority in the applicable jurisdiction, teens can work out alone. Students who are already 18 or the age of majority in the applicable jurisdiction do not need a parent or guardian to be present during the sign-up process.
About Planet Fitness Founded in 1992 in Dover, NH, Planet Fitness is one of the largest and fastest-growing franchisors and operators of fitness centers in the world by number of members and locations. As of March 31, 2025, Planet Fitness had approximately 20.6 million members and 2,741 clubs in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, Panama, Mexico, Australia and Spain. The Company's mission is to enhance people's lives by providing a high-quality fitness experience in a welcoming, non-intimidating environment, which we call the Judgement Free Zone®. More than 90% of Planet Fitness clubs are owned and operated by independent business men and women.
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SOURCE Planet Fitness, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Global Weirding: The Basics of Ocean Acidification and Climate Change
“Exposing the truth about global warming hysteria” reads the tagline of the website GlobalClimateScam.com. However, this is what I’m about to attempt: to expose the truth about the importance of why everyone is so up in arms about this whole global warming problem and what buzzwords like “global warming” and “climate change” mean. So here we go: ocean acidification and climate change, the basics.
The phrase “global warming” is a misnomer for two reasons. First, the world is not simply getting warmer, the phenomenon is more complex than just rising temperatures. Just because record snowfall and cold temperatures occur does not mean global warming doesn’t exist. My grandpa likes to use the word “global weirding” to avoid this misconception. Global climate systems are totally off kilter due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which doesn’t just mean temperatures are higher. The term “global weirding” however, was not invented by my grandfather, as I liked to believe when I was younger. Hunter Lovins, co-founder of the Rocky Mountain Institute, was the first to use the term to describe climate extremes and weird weather patterns that exist because of human actions.
Second, the earth goes through natural climate cycles. Changes in climate happen naturally due to the periodicity and angle of the earth’s orbit, which is why the earth has featured both global ice ages and the steamy rainforests often representative of the age of the dinosaurs. But global warming and climate change are misleading phrases because it is important to specifically identify our subject as anthropogenic global warming or anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic is a term that means human-made. The earth goes through regular climate cycles, but nothing with the rapidity of the changes occurring right now, or the same extreme increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere as we see today.
Let’s pause here for a quick lesson in environmental science: what is the big deal with carbon dioxide? Essentially, the only reason earth is a habitable temperature is because of greenhouse gases, of which CO2 is one. These gases trap UV energy from the sun inside the atmosphere, warming the surface of the earth. This important process becomes problematic with an excess of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, like what is happening right now. More heat is being trapped within the atmosphere, causing rising global temperatures. In other words, anthropogenic production of CO2 and other greenhouse gases like methane and CFCs are the cause of global weirding. Hence the reason for “hysteria.”
A hurricane, one of the phenomena whose incidence has increased with climate change, impacting human lives as well as marine ecosystems.
A hurricane, one of the phenomena whose incidence has increased with climate change, impacting human lives as well as marine ecosystems.
Extreme hurricanes and droughts are in the news all the time and are increasing in frequency. They destroy property, food sources, and human livelihoods. For example, right here in the tri-state area we experienced Hurricane Sandy not too long ago. Sandy devastated homes and property across Long Island and New Jersey, but also impacted the local environment. Hurricanes like Sandy blow birds off-course, flatten forests, wash away beaches and dunes, and flood and pollute bodies of water, writes Kevin Hoyle, a writer for the National Wildlife Federation’s Blog.
It is important to note that climate change hurts ecosystems around the world, but because of the intimate connections between natural systems across the planet, human health, safety, and economies are severely threatened by climate change. What destroys human habitats also destroys animal and plant habitats. Pollution that kills fish also hurts fisheries and human resources.
Global weirding isn’t the only result of increased greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. Climate change manifests in the oceans in a number of ways, including rising ocean temperatures, sea level rise due to melting ice caps, changes in salinity, and the migration northward of a great number of species to adjust for rising temperatures. But in addition to changing the climate, increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification.
“When carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation states of biologically important calcium carbonate minerals,” writes the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in defining ocean acidification.
Mussels are one of the species highly affected by ocean acidification. As pH drops, mussel shells grow thinner and weaker, impacting entire marine ecosystems.
Mussels are one of the species highly affected by ocean acidification. As pH drops, mussel shells grow thinner and weaker, impacting entire marine ecosystems.
What does it mean that the ocean has a lower pH (which means increased acidity) and lower carbonate ion concentration? Basically it comes down to what Professor Joshua Drew, a marine ecologist at Columbia University, calls “systemic osteoporosis of the sea.” Drew, who studies historical ecology and coral reef fish in Fiji, has seen the effects of ocean acidification firsthand.
In Fiji and around the world shelled organisms, which are a huge proportion of oceanic diversity, including crustaceans, bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters), and plankton, are literally being eaten away by the acidity of the water. As we increase CO2 in the atmosphere, through our car exhaust and fuel burned for energy in our homes and the energy needed to produce everyday products, the ocean absorbs a great deal of this gas. This change in the chemistry of the water makes the water more acidic, and acid is corrosive. Organisms are growing weaker and are unable to adapt fast enough to a habitat that has begun to literally dissolve the protective outer layer of their bodies.
The impacts of climate change, even just in marine environments, are too vast to describe comprehensively. In my next article I’ll focus in on one specific organism and how it is affected by climate change and ocean acidification. Colorful, vibrant communities home to hugely diverse species, the rainforests of the ocean, coral reefs are undergoing catastrophic destruction.
JULIA ZEH | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Tactics (Balck 1915).djvu/458
his decisive attack against a wing, this alone determines the position of the general reserve.
Since the counter-attack is to take the enemy by surprise, the position of the general reserve must be concealed, and precautions must be taken to keep hostile patrols in the dark, as long as possible, in regard to its actual location. The ground over which the general reserve is to advance should be free from obstacles, so that the counter-attack can be made rapidly and with uniformity.
Since the assailant will almost invariably endeavor to direct his attack against a flank, the general reserve of the defender should be posted at such a distance in rear of the threatened wing that the troops composing it will be sheltered to some extent from hostile fire. In order that the fully deployed general reserve, when making a counter-attack, may clear with its inner flank the outer flank of the line holding the position, and not get into the latter's zone of fire, a sufficient interval must be left between the two. This interval should increase with the size of the reserve. As a rule, the counter-attack should be launched so as to produce the decision when the assailant has arrived within assaulting distance of the defender. This requires that the general reserve and the line holding the position be separated by an interval of at least 200 m. In addition, the counter-attack must be so made that it will actually strike the assailant in flank; and this it cannot do unless the general reserve is posted sufficiently far to a flank. The center of the reserve should be launched so as to strike not only the flank of the enemy's firing line, but that of his supports as well. If the general reserve is posted too near the first line, there is danger of it being enveloped together with the first line, and committed to purely defensive action (refusing a flank). On the other hand, if it is posted too far to a flank, its timely entry into action is not absolutely assured; the assailant may turn against it, cut it off from the defensive position, and defeat it in detail. The farther the general reserve is off to a flank, the more effectively will it strike the | WIKI |
Steelboy
Noun
* 1) A member of the, a Protestant movement that originated in County Antrim, Ireland, in opposition to high rents and evictions. | WIKI |
YouTuber Trisha Paytas criticized for coming out as transgender
The YouTuber Trisha Paytas said she is transgender in her latest video.Paytas said she identified as a gay man because she is attracted to other gay men and loves "glam and voluptuousness."She also said she's always had "penis envy."Some people were upset because they thought she was making a joke out of transgender issues, and several called her out on social media and in the video's comments."Just know your judgments hurt me a lot," she wrote in response. "This isn't something I would joke about or take lightly."Paytas did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment.Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.The YouTuber Trisha Paytas posted a video on Monday called "I AM TRANSGENDER (FEMALE TO MALE)."Paytas, who is infamous for her trolling videos and emotional outbursts, started trending because she said that she felt more masculine than feminine, that she identifies as a gay man because she is attracted to other gay men, and that she loves "glam and voluptuousness.""I identify with men better," she said. "People always think, like, there's something wrong with me because I don't have, like, that many girlfriends. Like, I love girls. Like, I do love girls, and I love, like, their sensitivity and all that stuff like that. But that's why I identify more as, like, a gay man, because I like guys, but I also identify as a guy."'I feel really free and liberated'Paytas also said that she overcompensated for people calling her manly when she was younger by wearing makeup and overly revealing outfits, but that she has always had "penis envy.""This sounds so crazy to say out loud, but, like, I've just always thought my life would easier if I had that part," she said. "That if I asserted myself I wouldn't be a bitch but I would be, like, a man."She ended the video by saying that she is "1,000%" transgender but also identified with her sex assigned at birth, and she told people it's OK to identify as whatever you want on any day."So I think that's where I'm at, and I feel really free and liberated," she said.Read more: The life and controversies of YouTuber Trisha Paytas, from public feuds and breakups to identifying as 'a chicken nugget'In the past few days, Paytas has posted photos on her Instagram Story of herself dressed up as Zac Efron's character in "High School Musical." In a caption for one post, she wrote, "Before u judge me, try hard to love me."
Before u judge me, try hard to love me ❤️ A post shared by Trisha Paytas (@trishapaytas) on Oct 7, 2019 at 8:05pm PDTOct 7, 2019 at 8:05pm PDT
The negative comments on the video soon started rolling in.One person said Paytas had just described being a tomboy in a "dramatic offensive video to get views.""Enough is enough how low do these YouTube idiots need to go it's disgusting!!!" they wrote.Another person said that "this is what happens when you're no longer relevant."Some people thought she was making a joke out of transgender issuesOn Twitter, the musician Grant Landis uploaded a picture of Squidward from "SpongeBob SquarePants" dressed as a clown and said it was Paytas "when she decided to disrespect the entire LGBTQ community for clout because she wasn't getting enough attention."—spooky g 🕸🦇👻 (@grantlandis) October 7, 2019The YouTuber Stef Sanjati said it was tasteless to make light of transgender issues when trans people in the world are suffering."This would be more funny if girls weren't being killed for disclosing this fact," she said.Vicky Vox, a drag queen, told her followers to report Paytas."Using gender identity as click bait is a privileged act of violence," she said. "I'm not gonna stand for it. I don't care what it's actually about. The headline and photo used cannot be serious. Trans people are murdered for quietly trying to live their life. Big NOPE."—VICKY VOX (@TheVickyVox) October 7, 2019Paytas responded to the criticism by saying she wasn't joking when she made the video.She replied to Sanjati saying it was "not meant to be funny.""Because I don't look like a traditional male on the outside, I'm a joke?" she said. "Men can wear dresses, heels and makeup u know. Close minded and ignorant."To Vox, she said, "You don't know me, my journey, my struggle, my transition.""I've been with a gender identity therapy specialist for the past 6 months cause I hated who I was since I was 3," she said. "Think before you tweet, THIS is more harmful than me sharing my story."But some were more open to believing herThe British YouTuber Jake Edwards shared some thoughts about Paytas' video in a thread. They said that while the language she used is potentially harmful to the trans community, Paytas did not deserve to be flooded with hate."No trans person entered this world with a full understanding of the correct terminology to use," they said. "My main issue with the video was the lack of understanding and conflating gender stereotypes with gender identity. BUT this should be met with allowing Trisha the space to learn."—Jake Edwards ✨ (@jakeftmagic) October 7, 2019Paytas also posted more Instagram Stories where she apologized for offending anyone and tried to explain herself further."I'm sorry that offended you but that is my truth and my reality that I have been facing," she wrote. "It's honest and it's the difficulty I'm facing while transitioning."She added that she would not apologize for "what I've lived and gone thru in my struggle to find my true self and identity."She then gave her followers the opportunity to ask her questions about her "coming out video.""Just know your judgments hurt me a lot," she wrote. "This isn't something I would joke about or take lightly."Paytas did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment.You can watch the full video below.Read more:YouTubers are calling out the platform's 'cancel culture' that subjects them to a rampant hate mob and sees them lose thousands of subscribers in a matter of hoursYouTuber David Dobrik gave a homeless man a car and free Chipotle burritos for a yearThe whirlwind romances and breakups of YouTube stars fuel our appetite for increasingly extreme and dramatic online entertainmentJeffree Star says he made $20 million on one eyeshadow palette in Shane Dawson's new YouTube seriesBeauty mogul Jeffree Star says his guards are armed and 'shoot to kill' in Shane Dawson's new YouTube documentary
Read the original article on INSIDER. Copyright 2019.
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Posts Tagged ‘100 laptops’
Search Files in Laptops Under 100 Running XP
Saturday, November 6th, 2010
While it is always a good idea to know where specific files that you work on are located on your laptop computer, sometimes you wind up discovering that the file you need to access is not where you thought it should be.
Search Files in XP
Often you look in a few other places only to discover that the file is not there either. Luckily there is an easy solution to this problem.
If you are using one of the laptops under 100 running XP you can simply use the Windows XP Search feature to find your files.
This is also a good way to locate any system files you may need to check (otherwise you would have to set your laptop to show these though since they are hidden by default).
To access this handy feature simply click on the Start button and choose Search.
If you then click on "All files and folders" you will be able to narrow down your search parameters accordingly. This will help your laptop search perform much quicker because you have reduced the amount of locations that the laptop will search thus saving time. The more details you can provide the better.
This information includes:
• All or part of the file name
• A word or phrase in the file
• You can specify the specific drive to search (a huge time saver)
• When the file was last modified
• The size of the file
Additionally there are advanced search options which will allow you to take a peek at those hidden as well as system files. Use caution anytime you are working around these though.
Many of the cheap laptops under 100 run XP, and many people still prefer to use this operating system. The ease of use, familiarity and straight forward uncluttered laptop computing environment is simply a nice alternative to other operating systems. Hopefully this tip on how to search for files in XP comes in handy next time you need to locate a file on your laptop computer.
Integrated Components in Cheap Laptops Under 100 Reduce Space
Sunday, August 1st, 2010
Cheap Laptops Under 100 Integrated
Designs will vary widely in the laptop computers just as they do in personal computers in general. Because laptops are portable the designs will mainly focus on integrated components to reduce space more often mainly because of size limitations. After all, the idea is to manufacture the most lightweight personal computers possible. The video capabilities are often integrated into the system board in the latest portable computers as well as many of the cheap laptops under 100 which are featured here. With boards having this capability, typically they are produced by companies such as Intel for example, the actual chipset is perfectly matched to the system not only design wise, but usage wise as well. The concept being in many cases that the system memory will be shared with the video needs of the computer during various tasks providing the ultimate in utilizing the system resources with one another.
Intel Chip
Obviously the design variations mean that some laptops are designed for the most common usage, thus providing the consumer with an opportunity to have a reliable, powerful laptop that is not overburdened with unnecessary features. In cases where there is actually a need to perform ultra high end computing tasks such as what video production businesses require, the much more powerful and expensive laptops will be required. For the everyday usage which is most commonplace today, the used laptops under 100 are often the right choice, especially when budgetary constraints are important for the consumer to remain within. There are other very common integrated capabilities found within the majority of laptops as well. One such example is the sound capabilities.
For anyone who is familiar with doing fairly simple upgrades to their computers, they may have added a PCI card or some such technology to their computer in the past. Obviously with laptop computers this is not the same because the sound card is actually part of the motherboard itself in most cases. As we used the Intel chipset as an earlier example, the same premise can hold true for the audio portion of the board. Even if you were to take 100 laptops randomly and look at who the manufacturer is, you will likely find that there is an Intel component in possibly the majority of them. This includes cheap laptops under 100 and they themselves are often examples of the used laptops which were not so long ago utilizing cutting edge technology. Yet as technology continues to evolve, design elements such as the aforementioned integrated capabilities have been an essential engineering approach to laptop computers since their conception and remain in the latest versions found today. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brother of ISIS executioner talks of sadness, anger
Antwerp, Belgium (CNN)Mohamed Amin Chaib wouldn't meet with us in his home or even his neighborhood. The reason was simple: The topic of conversation was his brother, and he didn't want anyone to see a television crew around. That's because Mohamed Amin's brother is a brutal and prolific ISIS executioner. In an organization that revels in barbarity, the hands of Hicham Chaib are more openly soaked in blood than most. But Hicham's latest ISIS video -- an on-camera murder -- was the last straw for his family, coming days after the horrific terror attacks in Brussels that claimed more than 30 innocent lives at last estimate and left 300 more wounded. In the video, Chaib -- Belgian-born of Moroccan descent -- praises the Brussels attacks and promises more to come. Then he shoots an unknown prisoner in the back of the head. Brussels stories: Grief for the lost, hope for the missing Mohamed Amin says it was time to speak out about his family's anger and sadness. He doesn't know why his brother praised attacks that were carried out in his home country, Belgium. His mother or even his sister could have been at the airport or metro station when the bombs went off, he noted. Brussels attack survivor: 'Part of my hip was missing' Mohamed Amin and his family consider themselves Belgian, despite their Moroccan heritage. Hicham has dishonored them, they say. But Hicham today is not the boy with which Mohamed Amin grew up. Why Belgium? Five reasons terrorists struck heart of Europe "He was someone who couldn't hurt a fly and went through life laughing," he tells us in a hotel room far from his home and neighborhood. "There's just disbelief -- still the family doesn't believe this could happen." Mohammed Amin, 22, is sickened by videos he cannot yet bring himself to watch. He can't bear to witness the actions of a man he no longer recognizes. "What I remember is an older brother who was always there, that's what I remember, if I had trouble then he was there for me," he says. A normal childhood Hicham Chaib grew up in a quiet, predominantly Muslim suburb of Antwerp. It was by all accounts a normal childhood in a moderate Muslim family of 13. That's until, his family says, he met people -- radicals -- who lured him toward a "twisted" interpretation of Islam completely foreign to the one he grew up following. A version his brother calls "cut and paste" Islam. Fast Facts: ISIS "That's an Islam that they fill in according to their own interpretations, colored by their own frustrations," he says. "My father and mother have given us a warm kind of Islam, one that is peaceful and contributes to society, you know, working, studying, respect for all." Mohammed Amin hasn't seen his brother since Hicham left for Syria in 2013 after the arrest of an extremist associate. It was then Hicham began what has become a journey of horror, appearing in numerous ISIS propaganda videos and coldly killing in terrible ways. Al-Shabaab recruit video with Trump excerpt: U.S. is racist, anti-Muslim Since his latest grotesque video, the family who disowns his actions has received threats to their own safety. "We have had threats, hate messages -- it has had a major influence on our family, not just emotionally but also out of fear. Our parents are very fearful that something might happen with their sons or daughters." The family's angst doesn't end with Hicham. Another brother, Anwar, faces charges after authorities allege he, too, tried to head to Syria, although his lawyer says Anwar is not Hicham. "My client has taken notice of the video images in which his brother is seen, and he wants to absolutely distance himself from it," says attorney Mattias Leys. "He rejects the acts and the words of his brother and is shocked by what recently happened in our country." Family: We abhor every form or terror and violence The family as a whole has now issued a public statement that, in part, reads: "We as a family want to distance ourselves from Hicham, his deeds, ideologies and words. "Our sympathies and support go to the victims and relatives of the attacks committed in Brussels and Paris. We abhor every form of terror and violence wherever in the world. These acts are opposed to the teaching of Islam. Mississippi woman pleads guilty on charge that she tried to join ISIS "We don't understand the motives of his radicalisation... the shocking reality today is we don't know our son and brother." Heartbreaking words for a family to write about one of their own, but Mohamed Amin says they are words that need to be said. He isn't sure if he'll see his brother again, but if his brother sees this interview, he says he has a message from a family paying for the sins of a son: "Hisham: Think hard because you have a family here," Mohamed says to our camera. "Your own mother thinks about you every night and cries always about you. Your father is old, he also always loves you... think about the consequences for your family because they are enormous." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Hypoglycemia Recap: How, When & Why to Treat
By |2018-06-21T13:43:55-04:00Updated: December 11th, 2013|Diabetes Management, General Information, Health & Wellness, Newsletters|0 Comments
During this week, in a diabetes educational session I taught a 63 year old woman who has had Type 2 since age 30. She began her journey with gestational diabetes during her last pregnancy and 3 years later developed type 2. Her entire experience with diabetes had left her without the opportunity to learn diabetes self management skills. She stated that a dietitian came to see her in the hospital when she was first diagnosed but she never even had a follow up session. Her understanding of this chronic disease was poor and it was my privilege to clarify issues and make her more aware. After all these years she was finally sent to education to become more knowledgeable about her condition. She was recently hospitalized with hypoglycemia due to a phenomenon called hypoglycemic unawareness; she was ill prepared for this frightening situation. Hypoglycemic unawareness occurs when people have long standing diabetes with frequent blood sugar lows. The chemical changes and symptoms that the body should experience become masked. They experience none of the usual signs of hypoglycemia including sweating, shaking, palpitations, weakness, dizziness, hunger, headaches, irritability, anxiety, cold clammy skin, visual disturbances, nausea or nervousness. Typically this happens when blood sugar levels drop below 70mg/dl. When blood sugars are not treated, the numbers can drop further down into the 40s. Symptoms at this level include slurred speech, drunken like behavior, drowsiness, confusion and combativeness. Sometimes the blood sugar continues to drop and you may experience convulsions and unconsciousness. Unfortunately this patient became unconscious and ended up in the hospital for low blood sugar. Let’s review the hypoglycemia basics so this never happens to you.
1. glycemic indexWhy does it happen? Hypoglycemia may occur for reasons such as: eating too late, eating too little, not eating enough carbohydrates, skipping meals, taking too much diabetes medicine especially insulin or sulfonylurea’s, getting too much exercise, drinking alcohol, having extremely tight control or taking certain medications such as sedatives, sleeping pills or beta blockers. Hypoglycemia can just happen for no reason when you have diabetes.
2. What should you do if you have symptoms? It is great if you feel well enough to test your blood sugar to make sure you are low since many times high and low symptoms may mimic each other. It is always better to treat as soon as you detect symptoms even without testing. The very best way to treat hypoglycemia is to use specific products for this condition including glucose tablets, gels and shots. The reason is that they formulated are in a set or portioned amount which will prevent you from over treating; over treating can cause a big rise in blood sugars along with extra calories and weight gain. The guideline is to take 15 grams-shots and gels contain 15 grams per serving. The tablets are usually 4 grams per tablet except for Diachieve tablets which contain 5 grams. You would take 3-4 tablets at a time and chew them. These products come in multiple flavors which have a reasonable, unchalky taste. All these products are caffeine free, fat free and made in the USA. Some tablets are even natural with no artificial flavors, colors or dye. For those who have chewing problems or ill-fitting dentures, shots and gels are terrific! Wait 15 minutes and retest blood sugars. You should retreat if the blood sugar does not rise using another 15 grams. When you stabilize at about 80mg/dl you should eat a 15 gram snack of carbohydrate with protein such as a slice of bread with cheese or peanut butter unless you are ready for a meal. The fast acting tablets, gels and shots work quickly but need a supplement or the blood sugar could drop again since simple sugar burns off quickly.
3. Where should I keep these tablets, shots, or gels? Keep them ready to go in your gym bag, golfbag, tennis bag, bowling bag, office desk, briefcase, purse, pocket, car glove compartment and night stand. They have a long shelf life.
4. What other products can be used? Should I use them? Patients generally think low blood sugar is an excuse for a sweet, cookie or chocolate bar. Chocolate is 90% fat and takes a very long time to get into your system. This increases the time you would feel awful. Table sugar is messy with packets tearing and you are never quite sure how much you are taking. Fruit juice and regular soda are used but not always available and can cause big swings in blood sugar with excess calories. Remember fructose and lactose take longer to metabolize. A 4 oz. glass of skim milk is great after you have taken the glucose supplement. Hard candies can be rough on your teeth and are not as quickly absorbed. None of these products are measured out like the tablets, gels or shots. If using glucose tablets in a tube please take off the outer plastic as soon as you purchase them. (It is very difficult when you are shaking).
5. What if someone has no symptoms and becomes unconscious? Never try to push products or liquids down a throat since that could lead to aspiration pneumonia. If you have type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemic unawareness or long standing type 2 diabetes being treated with insulin you may want to have a glucagon shot available. This must be injected by someone who is familiar with the product and it does require a prescription. Check with your health care provider. The glucagon shot should be followed by a 911 call. Glucagon does not require refrigeration but should not be pre-mixed. Once mixed it must be used in 48 hours. Glucagon is given in the abdomen in a subcutaneous shot like insulin.
6. What else should I do? Consider getting a medical I.D. bracelet or necklace. Keep an emergency card in your wallet that states “diabetes”. Consider putting “diabetes” on your driver’s license. If you have cardiac stents or a heart valve replacement keep that explanation card in your wallet as well. If you live alone consider getting an emergency button service or a medic alert service which can be an extra set of eyes and ears for you. Let people around you know you have diabetes by sharing with friends and coworkers. If they are unaware they can’t help.
There are many skills that people with diabetes can learn prior to a crisis. Talk to your health care provider about referring you to a diabetes education course or CDE/dietitian. It is generally covered by insurance. Read on credible sites about diabetes treatment. Become informed. You can do so much to help yourself and prevent an emergency. Start today!
NOTE: Consult your doctor first to make sure my recommendations fit your special health needs.
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About the Author:
Roberta Kleinman, RN, M. Ed., CDE, is a registered nurse and certified diabetes educator. She grew up in Long Island, NY. Her nursing training was done at the University of Vermont where she received a B.S. R.N. Robbie obtained her Master of Education degree, with a specialty in exercise physiology, from Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. She is a member of the American Diabetes Association as well as the South Florida Association of Diabetes Educators. She worked with the education department of NBMC to help educate the hospital's in-patient nurses about diabetes. She practices a healthy lifestyle and has worked as a personal fitness trainer in the past. She was one of the initiators of the North Broward Diabetes Center (NBMC) which started in 1990 and was one of the first American Diabetes Association (ADA) certified programs in Broward County, Florida for nearly two decades. Robbie has educated patients to care for themselves and has counseled them on healthy eating, heart disease, high lipids, use of glucometers, insulin and many other aspects of diabetes care. The NBMC Diabetes Center received the Valor Award from the American Diabetes Center for excellent care to their patients. Robbie has volunteered over the years as leader of many diabetes support groups.
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Guy Hardy
Guy Hardy may refer to:
* Guy U. Hardy, former United States Representative
* Guy Hardy (Canadian politician), member of the National Assembly of Quebec | WIKI |
Page:Foreign Tales and Traditions (Volume 1).djvu/385
gled wildly with one another,—yawning cliffs opened, and from above a large figure, itself like a mountain, descended with a gigantic club, seized the peasant, and flew up with him to the height. Then a large rock fell down in a thousand pieces. The son heard the moaning of his father, farther and still farther in the distance, and for a long time lay in deep stupor. At last the hurricane ceased to war, the sky cleared up, and the boy, struck with terror, sought the chapel to recommend himself to God. At the same hour the lady at Liegnitz died.
Warmbrun there lived a sober and industrious tradesman, who occupied a lonely house. His appearance bespoke great poverty; it was seldom that he entered into conversation with any person; and report alleged, that he occupied himself in chemical researches, with the hope of discovering the golden essence, and suddenly amassing great treasures. He would often wander forth alone into the wild district behind the Kynast, where he would bury himself for hours together in the dark woods, and only return to his hut in the twilight. To one person only had he intrusted the secret of that spell which attracted him so frequently to this wild region,—he had told him in an hour of confidence, how | WIKI |
Page:Karma; a re-incarnation play in prologue, epilogue & three acts (IA karmareincarnati00blaciala).pdf/23
4 Phillip Dear one, there was no other way. It’s a formality, you see. I can always take it up again where I left it off. Our man in Egypt—just now—must he there. He must be on the spot, of course——
Mrs. Lattin But six months’ leave! Surely, six months’ leave——
Phillip
Means the entire winter. There, there, Little Child, it’s nothing. You must not exaggerate like this. What is my work in Egypt compared to being with you. The doctors forbid you to go out. It’s quite simple: I prefer to stay with you. My world lies in your heart. I—I can always take up the work again when—when you're
better. Mrs. Lattin
Resigned, resigned! You have actually resigned. Your career—I have broken your | WIKI |
0
i use the last linux mint XFCE, i'd like my laptop to shut down when i close the screen. How can i achieve that ?
I've tried to uncomment and set HandleLidSwitch=poweroff in logind.conf i restarted the computer then.
I've also tried to set lid-close-ac-action & lid-close-battery-action to shutdown in dconf editor but nothing works.
0
You need to edit the file /etc/systemd/logind.conf and change the following line to this:
HandleLidSwitch=poweroff
You will need to run systemctl restart systemd-logind.service or restart your laptop to enable the setting.
• I did this already but it does not work, my laptop don't stop – user1758935 Mar 6 at 18:06
• @user1758935 this could be a bug with your hardware. I am seeing that some people have to take additional steps. Confirm that you have pm-utils, xfce4-power-manager, and edit your post to include all of your hardware. Make, Model, chipset, graphics, usb devices, etc. – kemotep Mar 6 at 18:22
• After logind.conf edit, I had to re-change laptop lid behavior in xfce4-power-manager and then it worked. – user1758935 Mar 8 at 11:48
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Island Hotel
The Island Hotel (also known as Parsons and Hale's General Store) is a historic building in Cedar Key, Florida, located at 224 2nd Street. On November 23, 1984, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The building was erected between 1859 and 1861 by Major John Parsons and Francis E. Hale for use as a general store. It has tabby walls that are 10 in thick and oak beams that are 12 in wide. The Cedar Key Post Office and customs house were also located in the building in the 1860s. The building may have housed both Union and Confederate troops at various times during the Civil War, as the town changed hands more than once. Part of the building was used as a boarding house by the end of the 1880s. The store closed in 1910. The building became a hotel in 1946. | WIKI |
Despite advances in treatments and improved survival, individuals with pulmonary hypertension
Despite advances in treatments and improved survival, individuals with pulmonary hypertension even now experience poor training and functional capacity, that includes a significant detrimental effect on their standard of living. arterial hypertension (PAH) was predicated on Stage III data in the PATENT studies, where riociguat considerably improved exercise capability, pulmonary vascular level of resistance, a variety of supplementary end factors, and hemodynamic guidelines in individuals with symptomatic PAH. Within the Stage III CHEST research, riociguat regularly improved exercise capability in individuals with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or prolonged/repeated CTEPH after pulmonary endarterectomy and is currently the only medication to be authorized for this indicator. Riociguat was well tolerated in long-term research of PAH and CTEPH. This review identifies Iopromide supplier the role from the NOCsGCCcGMP pathway within the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, and evaluations the clinical effectiveness and security of riociguat in individuals with Iopromide supplier PAH and inoperable or prolonged/repeated CTEPH. Predicated on its shown efficacy and founded security profile, riociguat is really a promising Iopromide supplier treatment choice for Iopromide supplier individuals with PAH and CTEPH. can be an standard journal from the American Thoracic Culture. Abbreviations: ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; ASL, argininosuccinate lyase; ASS, argininosuccinate synthase; BH2, dihydrobiopterin; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; DDAH, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; O2?, superoxide anion. The creation of cGMP is definitely activated by NO via the NOCsGCCcGMP pathway (Number 2).11 sGCs are located in cytosolic fractions from the cell and so are activated by NO. That is as opposed to membrane-bound guanylate cyclases (GCs), that are triggered by natriuretic peptide receptors such as for example GC-A and GC-B.14 The distribution of GC protein across various cells is isoform particular. Open in another window Number 2 The NOCsGCCcGMP pathway. Records: Reprinted with authorization from Stasch JP, Pacher P, Evgenov OV. Soluble guanylate cyclase as Iopromide supplier an growing therapeutic focus on in cardiopulmonary disease. em Blood circulation /em . 2011;123(20):2263C2273.11 http://circ.ahajournals.org/. Promotional and industrial usage of the materials on the net, digital or cellular device format is definitely prohibited minus the permission from your publisher Wolters Kluwer. Make sure you get in touch with healthpermissions@wolterskluwer.com for more info.11 Abbreviations: ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GMP, guanosine monophosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; NO, nitric oxide; PDE, phosphodiesterase; PKG, cGMP-dependent proteins kinase; sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase. sGC is really a heme-containing HOXA11 heterodimer with numerous isoforms made up of two homologous subunits: and . The most frequent isoform may be the 11 proteins.15 The isoforms of sGC are essential in various physiological processes. For instance, the 11 isoform takes on a primary part within the mediation of vasodilation,16 including NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation.17,18 The dynamic catalytic site of sGC lies in the interface between your em C /em -terminal domains of both subunits. sGC is quite delicate to allosteric rules. Binding of NO to sGC results in structural adjustments in the helix F that activates the em C /em -terminal catalytic website.19,20 NO binding results in increases in the formation of cGMP of around two orders of magnitude. cGMP focuses on, including phosphodiesterases (PDEs), ion-gated stations, and cGMP-dependent proteins kinases (PKGs), take part in many physiological functions, such as for example vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and neurotransmission.21C23 The role of sGC in the production of cGMP helps it be a potential target for treatments that try to trigger vasodilation and decrease blood pressure within the pulmonary blood flow, as is necessary in PAH. The NOCsGCCcGMP pathway is definitely a crucial system within the pathogenesis of PAH.2 Inhibitors of PDE type 5 (PDE5), such as for example sildenafil and tadalafil, prevent PDE5 from degrading cGMP and also have been used as clinical therapy of PAH for quite some time.1 It thus comes after that agents performing to directly promote the production of cGMP by raising the experience of sGC might have a potent impact in the treating PAH. Riociguat may be the first-in-class sGC stimulator having a dual setting of actions: it stimulates sGC straight, self-employed of NO, and in addition sensitizes sGC to endogenous NO by stabilizing NOCsGC binding, resulting in improved intracellular cGMP amounts. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rubidium and caesium aluminyls : synthesis, structures, and reactivity in C-H bond activation of benzene
Mulvey, Robert and Gentner, Thomas and Kennedy, Alan and Coles, Martyn P and Evans, Matthew J and McMullin, Claire and Neale, Sam E (2022) Rubidium and caesium aluminyls : synthesis, structures, and reactivity in C-H bond activation of benzene. Chemical Communications, 58 (9). pp. 1390-1393. ISSN 1359-7345 (https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC05379E)
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Abstract
Expanding knowledge of low valent aluminium chemistry, rubidium and caesium aluminyls are reported to complete the group 1 (Li-Cs) set of metal aluminyls. Both compounds crystallize as a contacted dimeric pair supported by M⋯π(arene) interactions with a pronounced twist between aluminyl units. Density functional theory calculations show symmetrical bonding between the M and Al atoms, with an Al centred lone-pair donating into vacant Rb and Cs orbitals. Interestingly, despite their structural similarity the Cs aluminyl enables C-H bond activation of benzene, but not the Rb aluminyl reflecting the importance of the alkali metal in these heterobimetallic systems.
ORCID iDs
Mulvey, Robert ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-2564, Gentner, Thomas, Kennedy, Alan ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-6015, Coles, Martyn P, Evans, Matthew J, McMullin, Claire and Neale, Sam E; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Highwayman (Noyes)
I
The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees,
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
And the highwayman came riding—
Riding—riding—
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door.
II
He'd a French cocked-hat on his forehead, a bunch of lace at his chin,
A coat of the claret velvet, and breeches of brown doe-skin;
They fitted with never a wrinkle: his boots were up to the thigh!
And he rode with a jewelled twinkle,
His pistol butts a-twinkle,
His rapier hilt a-twinkle, under the jewelled sky.
III
Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard,
And he tapped with his whip on the shutters, but all was locked and barred;
He whistled a tune to the window, and who should be waiting there
But the landlord's black-eyed daughter,
Bess, the landlord's daughter,
Plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair.
IV
And dark in the dark old inn-yard a stable-wicket creaked
Where Tim the ostler listened; his face was white and peaked;
His eyes were hollows of madness, his hair like mouldy hay,
But he loved the landlord's daughter,
The landlord's red-lipped daughter,
Dumb as a dog he listened, and he heard the robber say—
V
"One kiss, my bonny sweetheart, I'm after a prize to-night,
But I shall be back with the yellow gold before the morning light;
Yet, if they press me sharply, and harry me through the day,
Then look for me by moonlight,
Watch for me by moonlight,
I'll come to thee by moonlight, though Hell should bar the way."
VI
He rose upright in the stirrups; he scarce could reach her hand,
But she loosened her hair i' the casement! His face burnt like a brand
As the black cascade of perfume came tumbling over his breast;
And he kissed its waves in the moonlight,
(Oh, sweet, black waves in the moonlight!)
Then he tugged at his rein in the moonlight, and galloped away to the West.
I
He did not come in the dawning; he did not come at noon;
And out o' the tawny sunset, before the rise o' the moon,
When the road was a gypsy's ribbon, looping the purple moor,
A red-coat troop came marching—
* Marching—marching—
King George's men came marching, up to the old inn-door.
II
They said no word to the landlord, they drank his ale instead,
But they gagged his daughter and bound her to the foot of her narrow bed;
Two of them knelt at her casement, with muskets at their side!
There was death at every window;
* And hell at one dark window;
For Bess could see, through her casement, the road that he would ride.
III
They had tied her up to attention, with many a sniggering jest;
They had bound a musket beside her, with the barrel beneath her breast!
"Now, keep good watch!" and they kissed her.
* She heard the dead man say—
"Look for me by moonlight;
* Watch for me by moonlight;
I'll come to thee by moonlight, though Hell should bar the way!"
IV
She twisted her hands behind her; but all the knots held good!
She writhed her hands till her fingers were wet with sweat or blood!
They stretched and strained in the darkness, and the hours crawled by like years,
Till, now, on the stroke of midnight,
* Cold, on the stroke of midnight,
The tip of one finger touched it! The trigger at least was hers!
V
The tip of one finger touched it; she strove no more for the rest!
Up, she stood up to attention, with the barrel beneath her breast,
She would not risk their hearing; she would not strive again;
For the road lay bare in the moonlight;
* Blank and bare in the moonlight;
And the blood of her veins in the moonlight throbbed to her love's refrain.
VI
Tlot-tlot; tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse-hoofs ringing clear;
Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot, in the distance? Were they deaf that they did not hear?
Down the ribbon of moonlight, over the brow of the hill,
The highwayman came riding,
* Riding, riding!
The red-coats looked to their priming! She stood up, straight and still!
VII
Tlot-tlot, in the frosty silence! Tlot-tlot, in the echoing night!
Nearer he came and nearer! Her face was like a light!
Her eyes grew wide for a moment; she drew one last deep breath,
Then her finger moved in the moonlight,
* Her musket shattered the moonlight,
Shattered her breast in the moonlight and warned him— with her death.
VIII
He turned; he spurred to the West; he did not know who stood
Bowed, with her head o'er the musket, drenched with her own red blood!
Not till the dawn he heard it, his face grew grey to hear
How Bess, the landlord's daughter,
* The landlord's black-eyed daughter,
Had watched for her love in the moonlight, and died in the darkness there.
IX
Back, he spurred like a madman, shrieking a curse to the sky,
With the white road smoking behind him and his rapier brandished high!
Blood-red were his spurs i' the golden noon; wine-red was his velvet coat,
When they shot him down on the highway,
* Down like a dog on the highway,
And he lay in his blood on the highway, with the bunch of lace at his throat.
X
And still of a winter's night, they say, when the wind is in the trees,
When the moon is a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
When the road is a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
A highwayman comes riding—
* Riding—riding—
A highwayman comes riding, up to the old inn-door.
XI
Over the cobbles he clatters and clangs in the dark inn-yard;
He taps with his whip on the shutters, but all is locked and barred;
He whistles a tune to the window, and who should be waiting there
But the landlord's black-eyed daughter,
* Bess, the landlord's daughter,
Plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair. | WIKI |
Frank L. Palmer & others vs. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company.
New London Co.,
Oct. T., 1886.
Park, C. J., Carpenter, Pardee, Loomis and Granger, Js.
The plaintiffs had held a policy of insurance of the defendants upon a quantity of merchandise, and on the policy expiring applied to the defendants for a renewal policy to he on the same terms with the expiring one, which the defendants promised to give. The defendants wrote and delivered to them a new policy and received the premium. The plaintiffs, supposing it to be on the same terms with the first, did not examine it until after the loss of the property by fire three months later, when, on reading it, they discovered an important variance from the former policy, materially affecting their right of recovery. If they had known of the change they would not have accepted the policy. In a suit for the reformation of the policy and a recovery of what would become due under it, it was held that the plaintiffs could not be regarded as guilty of laches in not examining the policy and applying earlier for its correction, since they had a right to believe it to be in all essential respects like the former one.
The defendants, having promised that the new policy should be on the same terms with the first one, were not in a position to charge the plaintiffs with neglect in not discovering that it was not so.
Ho 'written contract is beyond the reach of a court of equity for the purpose of reforming it, if the prayer for relief is presented in due season.
There is of course a strong presumption in favor of the written agreement over a mere oral one by which it is sought to be corrected, and the prayer for relief in such a case must be supported by overwhelming evidence or he denied.
[Argued January 13th
decided February 11th, 1887.]
Suit for the reformation of a policy of fire insurance and for the recovery of the amount due on the policy when reformed; brought to the Superior Court in New London County.
The complaint alleged that prior to the 15th of May, 1884, the plaintiffs had insured certain goods in the office of the defendant, a fire insurance company in the city of Hartford, to the amount of $5,000, for one year, for a premium of $50, and that the policy was to expire" on the 15th of May above mentioned; that the defendant proposed to the plaintiffs to renew the insurance on the same terms and conditions stated in the expiring policy, and issued a policy therefor for one year for the same premium, which proposition was accepted by the plaintiffs and the premium paid; that the new policy differed from the old one in containing the following clause which was not in the other:—“ Coinsurance Clause. If the value of the property at the time of any fire shall be greater than the amount of the insurance thereon, the insurer shall be considered as co-insurer for such excess, and all losses shall be adjusted accordingly; ” that the plaintiffs, relying on a. faithful performance of the agreement on the part of the defendant to reinsure the property, and supposing the new policy to be-of the same tenor as the one that the plaintiffs then held, omitted to examine or read the same, and did not know of the change till after the fire; that the new clause entirely changed the character of the insurance, and that the plaintiffs would not have paid the premium, nor received the new policy, had they known that the new clause was inserted therein; and had the defendant refused to perform its agreement the plaintiffs would have secured other insurance elsewhere of the same character as that which they had by the first policy, which they could have easily done for the same price; that the goods on the 17th of August, 1884, were partly destroyed and greatly damaged by fire; that at the time of the insurance and of the fire they were of the value of $37,354; that the plaintiffs’ loss was $5,218; that there was other insurance to the amount of $5,000, by reason of which the defendant was liable to pay only half the loss, namely, $2,609; and that the defendant refused to correct the policy, or issue one in conformity to the agreement, and insisted that the co-insurance clause should stand, and that it was not bound to pay more than it would be. under the policy as it stands; praying for a correction of the policy in accordance with the agreement, and for a recovery of the money which they would be entitled to recover under the amended policy.
The defendant demurred to the complaint, assigning the following grounds of demurrer:—
1. Upon the facts stated in the complaint, the plaintiffs are not entitled to the relief sought.
2. The complaint does not aver that there was a mutual mistake between the parties as to the terms of the policy of insurance, or any agreement between them as to the specific terms of the new policy.
3. The plaintiffs were guilty of gross laches in not examining their policy, and thereupon notifying the defendant of their claim, so that the defendant might, before any loss have exercised its right of rescission.
The court (Torrance, J.,) sustained the demurrer and rendered judgment for the defendant. The plaintiffs appealed.
S. Lucas, for the appellants.
1. It is alleged in the complaint that there was an agreement between the parties as to the specific terms of the policy to be issued, for it is alleged that the defendant proposed to the plaintiffs to renew the insurance of $5,000, for the same premium and on the same terms and conditions contained in the first policy. That policy being made a part of tbe complaint, tbe specific terms of tbe policy to be issued were definitely determined, and the proposition made by tbe defendant baying been accepted, became tbe original contract of tbe parties. 1 Parsons on Cont., 483; May on Ins., § 45.
2. It was not necessary to ayer tbat there was a mutual mistake between tbe parties as to tbe terms of tbe policy to be issued. There was no mistake on tbe part of either. It stands uncontradicted tbat tbe insurance sought by tbe plaintiffs is tbe one tbe defendant by its contract bad agreed to give, and hence there could be no mistake in regard to tbat on tbe part of either party. Tbe pause of complaint is tbat tbe defendant has not performed tbe contract admitted by tbe demurrer. It bad agreed to deliver to tbe plaintiffs a policy of a certain character. It has not done it, but has delivered a policy of an entirely different character. Does it make any difference whether tbe defendant failed to do it by mistake or by design ? If it delivered tbe policy by design, in violation of its contract, without disclosing its true character, then it was guilty of a fraud; and if guilty of a fraud, it is without excuse, and tbe contract should be enforced. Story v. Norwich & Wor. R. R. Co., 24 Conn., 113; Town of Essex v. Day, 52 id., 496; 1 Story Eq. Jur. § 187. The rule tbat a mistake must be mutual or a court will not reform a contract, is, in its proper application, founded in reason; and tbe reason is this: If a contract is corrected by a court of chancery, to make it conform to tbe intention of one of tbe parties, it is of course forcing a contract upon the other party.which be never intended to make, unless bis own intent concurred with tbat of tbe other party. Town of Essex v. Day, supra. But tbat is not this case. Tbe plaintiffs are not seeking to force a contract on tbe defendant which it never made, but to enforce a contract it did make, and which became obligatory before a policy was delivered. May on Ins., § 14; Sheldon v. Conn. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 25 Conn., 207. If upon an agreement for insurance a policy be drawn by tbe insurance office, in a form which, differs from the terms of the agreement, and varies the rights of the parties insured, equity will interfere, and deal with the case on the footing of the agreement, and not on that of the policy. Kerr oil Fraud & Mistake, 422.
3. The plaintiffs were not guilty of such laches as should deprive them of equitable relief. It comes with a poor grace from the defendant who committed the error or fraud, to blame the plaintiffs for trusting to it to do as it agreed and not detecting the error. This was not an instrument signed by the plaintiffs or given by them; it was simply received by them under the misapprehension that it was right, which misapprehension was induced by the confidence they put in the defendant. And then it should be kept in mind that they had made a contract with the defendant whereby it was legally, as well as morally, bound to issue the proper policy. Courts have granted relief in cases very much stronger for defendants than this; and that, too, when there was nd prior agreement on which to base the claim for relief. Wooden v. Haviland, 18 Conn., 101; Town of Essex v. Day, 52 id., 492.
4. If the defendant was deprived of any right of rescission it was caused by its own neglect or wrong 1 If it delivered the policy by mistake, it was its mistake. If by design, it was its own fraud. What claim on the plaintiffs has the defendant, simply because they omitted to detect its own mistake or fraud, by reason of the confidence they reposed in it?
H. C. Robinson and C. E. Perkins, for the appellees.
’ 1. The general rule is well settled that where parties have once reduced their agreement to writing, and it has been delivered and received, no evidence of previous negotiations or arrangements, whether verbal or in writing, can be received to add to, alter or contradict the terms of the written instrument. This is the well-settled rule both at law and in equity. The rule is uniform at law, but there are certain exceptions to it in equity. These are that if one party to the contract has been guilty of fraud, by which the contract is made different from what it was agreed to he, or if it is so made by the mutual mistake of the parties, equity will interfere, and make the contract what it should have been; but these are the only grounds. The subject is fully treated hi 1 Story’s Eq. Jurisprudence, §§ 154, 155. In Hearne v. Marine Ins. Co., 20 Wall., 488, Judge Swayne says, on page 490: “ The reformation of written contracts, for fraud or mistake, is an ordinary head of equity jurisdiction.” It is evident that no claim can be made under the head of fraud, for no fraud is alleged, and, as is said in Crocker v. Higgins, 7 Conn., 346, “ unless fraud is alleged in the bill, it cannot be presumed or proved in aid of the plaintiff’s case.” And as to mistake, in the first place, it is not alleged that there was any mistake of any kind by either party in making the policy, nor that there was an accidental mistake of the scrivener or clerk in drawing it, nor that there was a mutual mistake. But the real ground of the claim appears from the latter part of the complaint, where the plaintiffs allege that there was a mistake on their part alone. They allege that they received the policy as it is, but did not look at or read it, and, if they had done so, they would not have received it, but would have refused to take it, and applied elsewhere for other insurance; that thereby they were mistaken as to what the policy really was, received it under such mistake, and now, after the fire, want the policy reformed to make it what they supposed it was going to be. This was the claim made by the plaintiffs below, and the real question in the case is, whether if these allegations are true this court will interfere. Nothing can be better settled than that in such a ease no relief will be granted. The mistake must be a mutual one; both parties must have done what neither intended to do. German Ins. Co. v. Davis, 131 Mass., 316; Hearne v. Marine Ins. Co., 20 Wall., 488; Spare v. Ins. Co., 13 Ins. Law Journal, 286; Brugger v. State Investment Ins. Co., 5 Sawyer, 310; Paine v. Jones, 75 N. York, 593; Malleable Iron Works v. Phœnix Ins. Co., 25 Conn., 465; Brainard v. Arnold, 27 id., 624;
Woodbury Savings Bank v. Charter Oak Ins. Co., 31 id., 517; Bishop v. Clay Ins. Co., 49 id., 167.
2. An additional reason for not granting the relief asked for, is the gross negligence of the plaintiffs in not examining the policy when given them, and not until after the fire. It is a well settled principle that equity will not relieve where the applicant has been guilty of negligence, and this principle has often been applied to this question of the necessity of reading contracts received from another. It has many times been set up as a defense that the party did not read the contract delivered to him in performance of an agreement, but not successfully. In Bishop v. Clay Ins. Co., 49 Conn., 167, the court say, (p. 172:) “Now, if they exercised ordinary diligence and caution in caring for their own interests, we may assume that they examined the policy when received, and were satisfied that it was right.” In Ryan v. World Life Ins. Co., 41 Conn., 172, the court says: “She says that she and her husband signed the application without reading it, and without its being read to them. That of itself was inexcusable negligence.” In Grace v. Adams, 100 Mass., 507, the court says: “ It was his duty to read it. The law presumes, in the absence of fraud or imposition, that he did read it, or was otherwise informed of its contents, and was willing to assent to its terms without reading. Any other rule would fail to conform to the experience of men. Written contracts are intended to preserve the exact terms of the obligations assumed, so that they may not be subject to the chances of a want of recollection or an intentional misstatement. The defendants have a right to this protection, and cannot be deprived of it by a willful or negligent omission to read the paper.” In Monitor Ins. Co. v. Buffum, 115 Mass., 345, the court says: “ In the absence of fraud he is conclusively presumed to assent to those terms. He cannot be permitted to qualify his contract, or his relations to the subject matter, by asserting and proving that he never read the writing and was ignorant of its contents.” The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in the very late case of Susquehanna Ins. Co. v. Swank, 102 Penn. St., 17, where the insured, when he signed his application, was assured by the agent that his policy should be written on the “ annual interest ” plan which required no assessment, but whose policy, in fact, was written on the assessment plan, and who retained the policy from June 9th, 1877, until September or October of the same year, when he sent it to the agent with protests, and in October of the following year returned it to the company, held that it was his duty to read the policy, and that after retaining it as he did, without examination, a court of equity would not interfere, and say: “ During all this time he had the benefit of the insurance. In case of loss the company would have been liable. An instrument may be reformed in ease of fraud, accident or mistake, but where the mistake was the result of the supine negligence of a party who sleeps upon his rights until other duties and responsibilities have grown up, the law will not help him.” ' The Supreme Court of the United States in the recent ease of N. York Life Ins. Co. v. Fletcher, 117 U. S. R., 519, remarks upon the duty of examining insurance policies, and the effect of receiving them without reading. The opinion says, p. 584: “He would have discovered by inspection that a fraud had been perpetrated. The retention of the policy was an approval of the application and its contents. The consequence of that approval cannot after his death be avoided.” The opinion then cites approvingly the case of Am. Ins. Co. v. Neiberger, 74 Misso., 167, where the assured agreed with the agent that the policy to be issued should contain a clause giving him the right to cancel at the end of a year. The policy contained no such clause, but he retained it from January 25th till May 10th, 1875. The court in that case said: “ It will be the duty of the insured when he receives the policy, promptly to examine it. After such delay he will be deemed to have accepted the policy as issued.” The same case approves of Richardson v. Maine Ins. Co., 46 Maine, 394, where, without the applicant’s knowledge, the agent of the insurance company had falsely stated that there was no mortgage upon the property insured. The policy did not set out the application, except by reference, bnt tbe court held “ that the assured by accepting tbe policy was bound by its covenants and ratified tbe application.” These authorities are sufficient to show the views of courts on this subject. We do not claim that the mere fact that the plaintiffs did not look at the policy is, in all eases, conclusive evidence of laches as a matter of law. It may be explained; sickness, false statements by the other party, and other circumstances may excuse it; but here the plaintiffs allege no such facts, as it was their duty to do if there were any. Again, the plaintiffs were bound to know from the fact that a new policy was given to them, that it was not a mere renewal of the old one. It is not alleged, nor is there any pretence, that, in fact, the old policy was renewed with all its specific terms and conditions. The allegations relative to the preliminary negotiations, which are only formally admitted to be true by the demurrer, for purposes of pleading, without reference to their actual truth, do not claim that. The substitution of a new policy for the existing one, as asked by the plaintiffs, forms of course a new contract. The very fact that the policy is a new one is proof conclusive that it is not the old one, and the fact that an additional clause was inserted shows that it was not done by mistake, but was intentional on the part of the defendants. It is not like the case of a clause omitted, which might be done by accident. The court is therefore asked to change a contract which is just what the defendants intended that it should be. It has always been held that this cannot be done. This is not a bill for a specific performance of the parol agreement which it alleges. That agreement has been executed and the policy delivered and accepted, so that that paroly agreement has done its office and is now out of the case.' No such claim was made in the court below, nor is the bill or prayer framed for such relief. The counsel for the plaintiffs will probably rest them case principally upon the late case of Essex v. Day, 52 Conn., 483, and will claim that that decision changed the law not only as to laches, but also as to the necessity of mistakes being mutual, but we submit that it was not the intention of the majority of the court to do either, but merely to say that in the peculiar circumstances of that case they did not fiud ground for the application of either of those principles, or found other facts which took the case out of such application. Laches begins to be imputed especially soon in contracts of a speculative or precarious nature, and most of all in cases where a party has an arbitrary right of cancellation. The retention of a policy of insurance was held by the Supreme Court of the United States in a very early case, Graves v. Boston Marine Ins. Co., 2 Cranch, 419, in which Marshall, C. J., gives the opinion, to be a very significant act, and one which, after the loss occurred, should be quite binding upon the assured. This case, and the principles for which Ave contend, were affirmed in the case of Snell v. Atlantic Ins. Co., 98 U. S. R., 90, and the latest utterance of that ■high authority is in harmony with all its earlier ones and AAdth the decisions cited from our own courts. We submit that it would be a very dangerous precedent to establish, that an intelligent manufacturer should be allowed to disclaim the provisions of a written contract of fire insurance, accepted by- him without reserve, months after the transaction, and Avhen the property has been consumed and the right of cancellation by the company in ease of misunderstanding has been forever lost. It is putting a reward upon gross inattention which will in the end sharply re-act upon the general interests of community. The plaintiffs must have known from the physical form of the contract itself that it was a new policy and not a renewal of the old one. There is no suggestion of concealment by the company, nor of intellectual inferiority of the plaintiffs. Their laches was too palpable to be relieved by the sound discretion of a court of equity.
Pardee, J.
The complaint in this case is in effect as follows: Prior to May 15tli, 1884, the defendant had issued to the plaintiffs a policy of insurance against loss by fire upon merchandise ; on that day it expired ; on that day the defendant proposed to them to renew the insurance upon the terms and conditions of the expiring policy, the plaintiffs accepted the proposition; the defendant wrote a policy, delivered it to, and received the premium from the plaintiffs ; they, relying upon the fidelity of the defendant to its promise, and supposing the last Avritten policy to contain the same stipulations and conditions as were in the first, omitted to read it. The merchandise was damaged by fire on August 17th, 1884; subsequently the plaintiffs for the first time discovered that the last policy contained this condition, which was not in the first: “ Co-insurance clause. If the value of the property at the time of any fire shall be greater than 'the amount of the insurance thereon, the insurer shall be considered as co-insurer for such excess, and all losses shall be adjusted accordingly.” In this respect the last policy materially differs from the first. The plaintiffs would not have accepted the policy and paid the premium if they had known that it contained this clause; and if the defendant had notified them of its refusal to perform its agreement, they could and would have obtained elsewhere, at the same price, the desired insurance upon the stipulated terms. The defendant refuses either to correct the policy or perform the agreement. The plaintiffs ask that the policy may be reformed so as to express the agreement, and that the defendant be compelled to perform the agreement and pay the indemnity promised by it. The defendant answers by demurrer, assigning therefor the folloAving reasons:—“that upon the facts stated the plaintiffs are not entitled to the relief sought; that the complaint does not aver that there was a mutual mistake between the parties as to the terms of the policy or as to the agreement for one; and that the plaintiffs were guilty of gross laches in not reading the policy, and in not notifying the defendant of them claim, so that it might have exercised its right of rescission before loss.
The Superior Court held the complaint to be insufficient. The plaintiffs appeal, assigning the following reasons:—
1. The court erred and mistook the law in rendering judgment in favor of the defendant to recover costs.
2. In not holding that the plaintiffs were entitled to recover at least the amount of loss covered by the policy, as delivered to the plaintiffs by the defendant.
8. In holding that upon the facts stated in the complaint the plaintiffs were not entitled to the relief sought.
4. In holding that the plaintiffs should have averred in their complaint that there was a mutual mistake between the plaintiffs and defendant as to the terms of said policy.
5. In holding that there was no allegation in the plaintiffs’ complaint of an agreement between the parties as to the specific terms of the new policy that was to be issued.
6. In not holding that, as the defendant had agreed to renew said insurance on the same terms and conditions as stated in the old policy, for the same premium, and issue a policy therefor, it was immaterial under the circumstances in this case whether the failure to perform said agreement on the part of the defendant was by mistake or design.
7. In holding that the plaintiffs were guilty of such gross laches in not examining the new policy that they are not entitled to relief, and in holding that the defendant was excused in the performance of its contract because the plaintiffs did not detect its omission to deliver such a policy to the plaintiffs as it agreed to, till after the fire.
8. In holding that it was the duty of the plaintiffs to detect, and notify the defendant of, an alteration which the defendant made, and in the very nature of the case must have had knowledge of, to wit, the changes in the terms and conditions of the new policy from those in the old.
9. In not holding that the plaintiffs were entitled to a correction of said last named policy in the manner sought, and to specific performance of the agreement stated in paragraph ten, and to judgment for the amount that would be due by said policy, when corrected, by reason of said loss by said fire.
For the purpose of testing the sufficiency of the pleadings we are to assume that the defendant admits that an agreement between it and the plaintiffs for indemnity against loss by fire, containing every stipulation and condition which should enter into or affect it, was reduced to writing, and that the defendant agreed to make and sign a copy thereof, except as to the dates of commencement and termination of risk, and deliver the same to the plaintiffs; that it wrote and signed a policy of insurance, and delivered it to the plaintiffs as and for a performance of its promise, and received the stipulated premium, without notice to them that an important and variant condition had been added to those contained in the first written agreement; and that the plaintiffs, trusting to the defendant’s fidelity to its undertaking, omitted to examine the policy for the purpose of discovering variances from the written draft, and did not in fact discover the variance until after damage to the property for which indemnity had been sought.
The presence of the variant clause in the delivered instrument is of necessity due either to intention or mistake upon the part of the defendant. To attribute it to the former is to charge constructive fraud at least; and inasmuch as the plaintiffs have not charged this specifically, if we accede to the rule of law invoked by the defendant, that unless fraud is so charged it is excluded from the case, there remains the other and only possibility, namely, mistake; and upon a fair interpretation of the allegation, this, the only possible legal meaning, is to be attributed to it, namely, that the writing, which by the agreement of the parties should have been a copy of a previously written draft, did in fact contain a variant and material clause, which neither of them desired or intended that it should contain, and which neither party would knowingly have permitted to be in it. This meaning the defendant should have found therein, and to it made answer.
That it is a most frequent and useful office of a court of equity to reform written contracts, and make them conform to the verbal agreement or written draft which of necessity precedes them, is in the knowledge of all, and it is suffieiently accurate to say that no writing is beyond, its reach if the prayer for relief is presented in due season and supported by convincing evidence. Of course the presumption in favor of the written over the spoken agreement is almost resistless; and the court has wearied itself in declaring that such prayers must be supported by overwhelming evidence or be denied. But in the case at bar the defendant volunteers to lift this burden from the plaintiffs, and upon the pleadings admits that the delivered policy is materially variant from the precedent written draft agreed upon.
There are many precedents for the reformation of policies of insurance in cases where the insured has held the policy until after a loss in silence and in ignorance of the necessity for such reformation,—ignorance because of the omission to read the policy or of a careless reading. A few are cited.
In Andrews v. Essex Ins. Co., 8 Mason, 10, Story, J., said:—“ There cannot at the present day be any serious doubt that a court of equity has .authority to reform a contract where there has been an omission of a material stipulation by mistake. And a policy of insurance is just as much within the reach of the principle as any other written contract. But a court of equity ought to be extremely cautious in the exercise of such an authority, seeing that it trendies upon one of the most salutary rules of evidence, that parol evidence ought not to be admitted to vary a written instrument. It ought therefore in all cases to withhold its aid where the mistake is not made out by the clearest evidence according to the understanding of both parties, and upon testimony entirely exact and satisfactory. There is less danger where the instrument is to be reformed by reference to a preliminary written contract which it was designed to execute. But even here there is abundant room for caution, since the parties may have varied their intentions, or the clause may not have been originally understood by either party to go to the extent now required. And these considerations acquire additional force where circumstances have occurred in the intermediate time which give an increased importance tó the asserted mistake. Under these limitations' the doctrine of courts of equity on this subject does not seem at variance with general convenience or justice.”
In 1 Story’s Equity Jurisprudence, § 159, it is said as follows:—“ The relief granted by courts of equity in cases of this character is not confined to mere executory contracts, by altering and conforming them to the real intent of the parties; but it is extended to solemn instruments winch are made by the parties in pursuance of such executory or preliminary contracts, and indeed, if the court acted otherwise, there would be a great defect of justice, and the main evils of the mistake would remain irremediable. Hence, in preliminary contracts for conveyances, settlements, and other solemn instruments, the court acts efficiently by reforming the preliminary contract itself, and decreeing a due execution of it as reformed, if no conveyance or other solemn instrument in pursuance of it has been executed. And if such conveyance or instrument has been executed, it reforms the latter also by making it such as the parties originally intended.”
In Oliver v. Mut. Commercial Ins. Co., 2 Curtis, 277, the marginal note is as follows :—“ If a policy when drawn and received does not correctly express a previously concluded agreement for insurance which it was designed by both parties to execute, equity will reform it. If underwriters conclude an agreement for insurance with one known to them to be merely an agent and nothing is said as to whose account the insurance is to be made upon, the agent has a right to a policy insuring him as agent, or for whom it concerns. If the agent makes a mistake in declaring the interest, equity requires it to be corrected and the policy reformed. There is a distinction between the 'correction of a mistake in a written contract and in the execution of a power. In the latter case courts interpose more willingly. But if the agent did not declare the interest in the wrong person by mistake, but through a fraudulent design, equity will not relieve the principal. If a party fails through mistake to obtain such a policy as he is entitled to by an existing valid contract, equity will relieve, though, the mistake arose from ignorance of law.”
In N. Amer. Ins. Co. v. Whipple, 2 Bissell, 419, the court says:—“ It is easy to see how, in the filling up of printed blanks, a mistake like that alleged by the complainant might happen; and the policy clerk says that it occurred from the fact that he was accustomed in the majority of instances to fill up yearly policies. All the other policies were made out for two months; that is, they expired on the 22d of December, 1864, instead of the 22d of December, 1865. This is not contradicted by the defendant. The defendant himself, who personally procured this insurance, has no recollection, or does not testify to any, in regard to what transpired at the time he applied for the insurance. He admits that he obtained the insurance at the time mentioned,, but does not profess to remember the time the policies were to run, from anything he can now recall of the transaction. It is shown in the proofs, and I presume it would be taken notice of without proof, that fourteen months is an unusual time for the life of an insurance policy. The usual time is two, three, four, six and twelve months, and if for any reason the defendant had had occasion to apply for a policy so much out of the usual course of business, it would have made some impression upon his memory and that of the clerks and agents of the insurance • company who participated in the transaction. So also the fact that only so small an amount was paid for a policy having so long a time to run, would seem to be a circumstance calculated to excite attention and impress itself upon the memory. It is true that the defendant testifies that he afterwards sent his policies to the insurance agents to have them looked over and mistakes corrected ; but both the agents deny that they ever saw this policy and assert positively that they supposed the same had expired on the 22d of December, 1864, and had so entered the same on their books, and so informed the complainant, and had no knowledge that the policy in questidn was claimed to be in force until after the fire. Under the evidence in this case I can but conclude that the substantial allegations in the bill are made out by the proofs, and that the complainant is entitled to the relief prayed for.”
In Phœnix Fire Ins. Co. v. Gurnee, 1 Paige, 278, the marginal note is as follows:—“ A court of chancery has jurisdiction to correct mistakes in policies of insurance as well as in all other written instruments. The evidence of the mistakes in all cases should be clear and satisfactory.” Chancellor Walworth said in this case:—“ It is well settled that a court of equity has jurisdiction to correct mistakes in policies of insurance as well as in all other written instruments. Phill. on Ins., 14. But the evidence of such mistake, and that both parties understood the contract in the manner in which it is sought to be reformed, should be clear and satisfactory. In policies of insurance the label or written memorandum from which the policy was filled up is always considered of great importance in determining the nature of the risk and the intention of the parties. Thus, in Motteaux v. London Insurance Company, (1 Atk., 347), Lord Hardwicks held that a policy ought to be rectified agreeably to the label; and in the issues which he directed in that case the label was treated as the real contract between the parties. In this case there is a substantial difference between the policy and the written memorandum on which it is founded.”
In Wood on Fire Insurance, § 484, it is said as follows:— “When an application for insurance is made and accepted, and a policy is issued which, either by mistake or fraud on the part of the insurer, essentially varies from the contract made, and the policy is not seen or examined by the assured until after the loss thereunder occurs, he is not estopped from seeking a reformation of the contract upon the ground that he accepted the policy. Thus, where the plaintiffs entered into a contract for insurance Avith the defendant’s agent and paid him the premium and took from him a receipt stating that the insurance was for $10,000 upon “merchandise, generally contained in their three story brick building, metal roof, and occupied by them as a commission house,” and a policy was issued containing all the provisions of the contract except the words “ as a commission house” and the policy was received by a clerk of the plaintiffs, and its terms were not known to the assured until the loss, it was held that, “inasmuch as the insured refused to pay the loss upon goods held by commission, the assured were entitled to have the policy made to conform to the agreement, and could not be said to have accepted the change in the contract as indicated by the policy. The fact that proceedings are not instituted for its reformation until after a loss does not of itself bar the remedy. It is a circumstance to be taken into consideration in connection with other circumstances in determining whether the plaintiffs waived the variance, but, if the delay is excused, the remedy remains.”
In Van Tuyl v. Westchester Fire Ins. Co., 55 N. York, 657, the plaintiffs procured insurance upon their stock and materials in their manufactory. One of the printed conditions declared it void in the case of the establishment running, in whole or in part, over or extra time, or running at night, without special agreement. The plaintiffs gave evidence to show that they previously insured with the defendant, but had the policy canceled because of the condition above mentioned being in it; that the plaintiffs’ agent informed the defendant that the United States Insurance Company of Baltimore was writing on the property, and that their policy did not contain that clause; that the defendant thereupon agreed to write as the other companies did and to follow the form of the United States policy, which the plaintiffs were to and did furnish for the defendant to copy. The plaintiffs thereupon produced a blank form, which the witness testified was a blank policy of the latter company. This was offered in evidence and was objected to upon the ground that the copy shown the defendant should be produced, and that a blank form not filled up was not proper evidence. The objection was overruled, and the defendant excepted. The plaintiffs also gave evidence tending to show that they did not discover that the permission required was not in the policy until after the fire. The evidence as to the agreement was denied by the defendant’s agent who effected the insurance. It was held that the plaintiffs were entitled to have the policy reformed. See also N. Y. Ice Co. v. N. Western Ins. Co., 23 N. York, 357; National Fire Ins. Co. v. Crane, 16 Md., 260; Harris v. Columbia Ins. Co., 18 Ohio, 116; Weed v. Schenectady Ins. Co., 7 Lans., 452; Bidwell v. Astor Ins. Co., 16 N. York, 268; Brioso v. Pacific Mut. Ins. Co., 4 Daly, 246; Bunten v. Orient Ins. Co., 2 Keys, 667; Malleable Iron Works v. Phœnix Ins. Co., 25 Conn., 465; Bennett v. City Ins. Co., 115 Mass., 241; Moliere v. Penn. Fire Ins. Co., 5 Rawle, 342; National Traders’ Bank v. Ocean Ins. Co., 62 Maine, 519; Lippincott v. Ins. Co., 3 La., 546; Franklin Ins. Co. v. Hewitt, 3 B. Monr., 202; Law v. Warren, 6 Irish. Eq., 299.
In Nat. Traders’ Bank v. Ocean Ins. Co., 62 Maine, 519, it is said as follows:—“ This is a bill in equity asking the court to reform an insurance - policy. The authority of the court to grant the relief prayed for is conceded. The only question is whether the evidence of mistake is such as to justify the court in exercising its authority. . . . As there can be no recovery upon the policy as it is now written, for the reason that between the voyage insured and the one actually made by the vessel there would be apparently a fatal deviation, the plaintiffs ask to have the policy reformed so that it will describe the voyage correctly. We think the relief prayed for should be granted. Where, as in this case, an insurance company undertakes to insure the charter of a vessel after being informed that no copy of the charter has been received, and it is not known how many ports she will be required to use, and through mistake the policy is so written as to limit the vessel to the use of one port when in fact her charter requires her to use two, we think a court of equity should order the policy reformed so as to make it describe the voyage correctly. The mistake in this case seems to be established beyond the possibility of doubt. The policy and the charter are both written instruments. A comparison of the two demonstrates that the voyage described in the charter is misdescribed in the policy. Can there be any doubt that the misdescription was the result of mistake ? We think not. It is impossible to believe that the applicant for insurance knowingly paid the premium for a void policy. Nor would it be just to the officers of the insurance company to suppose that they took a premium for a policy known to them to be of no value. The conclusion is therefore inevitable, that the misdescription was the result of a mistake—a mutual mistake—a mistake in which both parties participated; and we think equity and good conscience require that it should be corrected.”
In Buckland v. Adams Express Co., 97 Mass., 132, the court said:—“ On a consideration of the facts stated, it does not appear to us that the plaintiffs ever did agree that the merchandise in question should be transported on the terms set forth in the receipt which was delivered to the workman at the manufactory when the package was delivered to the defendants’ agent. It is not stated that the plaintiffs or either of them ever read the paper containing the alleged regulations or one similar to it. It is agreed that the defendants received and carried like packages of merchandise for the plaintiffs at or about the time the one in controversy was delivered for carriage without giving the plaintiffs any receipt whatever therefor, and that this was the course of dealing between the parties in a large majority of the instances in which the defendants had been employed by the plaintiffs. From this it would appear that the ordinary course of business was for the defendants to receive merchandise from the plaintiffs without attempting to limit their liability as carriers in any manner whatever. Under these circumstances we cannot fairly infer that the plaintiffs understood that by the delivery of a receipt for the merchandise the defendants intended to limit the liability which they ordinarily assumed in their dealings with the plaintiffs, or that the latter understood and assented to the contents of such receipt as fixing the terms on which the defendants were to transport the merchandise.”
In National Fire Ins. Co. v. Crane, 16 Maryland, 295, the court said: “ Whatever effect the want of such an indorsement may have at law in an action on the policy, we think it cannot be urged in a court of equity, in a cause otherwise free from objection. The judge below has correctly stated the law on the subject. The indorsement could have been made only by the company. If it be omitted, who is to blame ? Certainly not the assured. These policies contain many stipulations, some of them operating as conditions precedent for the benefit of the company, and few for that of the assured. It is too common for applications to be met and adjustment refused on frivolous and unjust pretences, in order to defeat fair claims on contracts of which good faith is the very essence, and we think it would promote the interest of insurance companies, and tend to a higher state of morals in business transactions, if they would exhibit more readiness to settle demands upon them, than, as we discover from the numerous reported cases on the subject, appears to be usual with them. In this case the president of the company dictated the application himself; the prior insurance was made known to him ; the parties relied upon him; they never went to the office of the company, he came to the counting-house of the complainant, seeking the risk, and after hearing all they had to say on the subject he departed, and soon after sent the policy and received the premium, his clerk saying that it was all right, the only defect, however, being that the company had omitted part of its own duty in not indorsing the former insurance. In such a case we are called upon to say that the party is without remedy. On the contrary, we think it would be a reproach to the jurisprudence of the state if this company were discharged from their contract on any such grounds. There is a distinction in cases where the preparation of an instrument belongs to the party to .become liable under it; he ought in that case to be dealt with more strictly. 19 Ves., 257. Insurance contracts are within this principle, and equity will interpose not only in cases of fraud, but also of mistake, where a policy is drawn up in a form different from the application, or anything is omitted which it is the duty of the company to insert or indorse on the instrument. Collett v. Morrison, 32 Eng. Law & Eq. R., 171.”
In Bidwell v. Astor Ins. Co., 16 N. York, 266, it is said: “ That the contract of insurance agreed to be made by the defendants was such in its character as the plaintiffs have alleged in their complaint, has been found by the judge and is conclusive upon us. The fact on which the appellants rely, that the policy actually made out was in the plaintiff’s hands for a considerable time and until the loss had occurred, was a circumstance to be weighed by the judge as bearing upon the truth of the plaintiff’s allegation that the policy did not pursue the contract. It has undoubtedly been considered by the judge, and his judgment has been given, notwithstanding that circumstance, in favor of the plaintiff. There is no rule of law which fixes the period within which a man may discover that a writing does not express the contract which he supposed it to contain, and which bars him of relief for delay in asserting his rights, short of the period fixed by the statute of limitations. Phœnix Fire Ins. Co. v. Gurnee, 1 Paige, 278.”
It is a matter of common knowledge that a policy of insurance against fire, at the present day, is a lengthy contract, which, after specifying the main things, namely, the subject, its location, the owner, the amount, the time and the price, embodies very many stipulations and conditions for the protection of the underwriter. If a person desiring indemnity against loss applies to the underwriter and states the main things above enumerated, and says no more, he has knowledge that he has asked for and will receive a contract which, in addition to those, will contain many limiting conditions in behalf of the party executing it; and when he receives the policy he cannot avoid seeing and knowing that there are many more stipulations in it than were covered by his verbal request. It may well be that a due regard for the rights of others requires Mm to examine those stipulations, and express a timely dissent, or be held to an acceptance thereof. Nothing which has previously transpired between him and the underwriter furnishes justification for omission to read them. The underwriter has not invited his confidence by any promise as to what the writing shall contain or omit.
But if the underwriter solicits a person to purchase of him indemnity against loss by fire, and if they unite in making a written draft of all the terms, conditions and stipulations which are to become a part of or in any way affect the contract, and if the underwriter promises to make and sign a copy thereof, and deliver it as the evidence of the terms of his undertaking, and if a material and variant condition is by mistake inserted, and the variant contract is delivered, and the stipulated premium is received and retained, the court will not hear the claim that he is entitled to the benefit of the variant condition, where the other party had neither actual nor imputed knowledge of the change. In his promise to make and deliver an accurate copy, there is justification before the law for the omission of the other party to examine the paper delivered, and for his assumption that there is no designed variance. A man is not for his pecuniary advantage to impute it to another as gross negligence, that the other trusted to his fidelity to a promise of that character.
The rule of law that no person shall be permitted to deliver himself from contract obligations by saying that he did not read what he signed or accepted, is subject to this limitation, namely, that it is not to be applied in behalf of any person who by word or act has induced the omission to read. The defendant has brought to our notice a few of the many cases in which the rule has been plainly declared; but we think that in few or none of these did the party seeking to enforce it subject himself to this limitation.
There was in the first written draft agreed upon by the plaintiffs and defendant the contract between them; in all its terms and conditions it became, and has hitherto continued to be operative. The draft of another and variant one has not annulled or affected it, because the last has not in the eye of the law been accepted by or become obligatory upon the plaintiffs. That contract the defendant had the right to rescind,—a right which it has possessed in its fullest measure because it was not affected by the delivery of the variant one, not accepted by the plaintiffs; and if, because of its own negligence in omitting to execute and deliver a true copy of the original agreement, it resulted that it was induced to refrain from exercising its right of rescission, it must accept the consequences rather than cast the burden upon the plaintiffs.
There is error in the judgment complained of, and it is reversed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred. | CASELAW |
@InProceedings{Supelec496,
author = {Julien Oster and Brice Fernandez and Maélène Lohezic and Damien Mandry and Pierre-André Vuissoz and Olivier Pietquin and Jacques Felblinger},
title = {Adaptive Heart Rate Prediction for Black-Blood Systolic Iimaging},
year = {2009},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Medicine (ISMRM 2009)},
pages = {3936},
month = {April},
address = {Honolulu (Hawaii, USA)},
abstract = {Cardiac MRI is still challenging due to the perpetual heart motion. In order to avoid cardiac motion artifacts, acquisitions are synchronized with heart activity, generally by triggering on R-waves of the Electrocardiogram (ECG). Double Inversion Recovery Fast Spin Echo (DIR-FSE) sequences, resulting in black-blood images, require furthermore specific timing. For such acquisitions, inversion time (TI) is needed to cancel blood signals (~500ms) [1], making acquisitions in the first 500ms of the cardiac cycle impossible. Black-blood imaging allows then only diastolic view of the heart. Moreover heart rate (HR) variability has been shown to be important during breath-holds [2] making cardiac synchronization even more complicated. In this paper, a RR interval prediction method has been implemented, which permits to launch DIR pulses before R waves and thus enables black blood systolic imaging.}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Map type BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH
v4.6
This is the per-CPU variant of the BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH map type.
This map type is a generic map type with no restrictions on the structure of the key and value. Hash-maps are implemented using a hash table, allowing for lookups with arbitrary keys.
This per-CPU version has a separate hash map for each logical CPU. When accessing the map using most helper function, the hash map assigned to the CPU the eBPF program is currently running on is accessed implicitly.
Since preemption is disabled during program execution, no other programs will be able to concurrently access the same memory. This guarantees there will never be any race conditions and improves the performance due to the lack of congestion and synchronization logic, at the cost of having a large memory footprint.
Note
The bpf_map_lookup_percpu_elem helper can be used to access maps assigned to other logical CPUs which can negate the above mentioned advantages.
Attributes
While the size of the key and value are essentially unrestricted both value_size and key_size must be at least zero and their combined size no larger than KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE. KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE is the maximum size which can be allocated by the kernel memory allocator, its exact value being dependant on a number of factors. If this edge case is hit a -E2BIG error number is returned to the map create syscall.
The max_entries attribute indicates the max entries per-CPU so the actual memory size consumed is also dependant on the logical CPU count of the host.
Syscall commands
The following syscall commands work with this map type:
Helper functions
The following helper functions work with this map type:
Flags
The following flags are supported by this map type.
BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC
v4.6
Hash maps are pre-allocated by default, this means that even a completely empty hash map will use the same amount of kernel memory as a full map.
If this flag is set, pre-allocation is disabled. Users might consider this for large maps since allocating large amounts of memory takes a lot of time during creation and might be undesirable.
Warning
The patch set1 does note that not pre-allocating may cause issues in some edge-cases, which was the original reason for defaulting to pre-allocation.
BPF_F_NUMA_NODE
v4.14
While settings this flag is allowed, only a value of -1 is allowed in the numa_node attribute, which indicates no specific NUMA node. Since each logical CPU has its own hash table, it is impossible to allocate on only a single NUMA node.
BPF_F_RDONLY
v4.15
Setting this flag will make it so the map can only be read via the syscall interface, but not written to.
For details please check the generic description.
BPF_F_WRONLY
v4.15
Setting this flag will make it so the map can only be written to via the syscall interface, but not read from.
For details please check the generic description.
BPF_F_ZERO_SEED
v5.0
Setting this flag will initialize the hash table with a seed of 0.
The hashing algorithm used by the hash table is seeded with a random number by default. This seeding is meant as a mitigation against Denial of Service attacks which could exploit the predictability of hashing implementations.
This random seed makes hash map operations inherently random in access time. This flag was introduced to make performance evaluation more consistent.
Warning
It is not recommended to use this flag in production due to the vulnerability to Denial of Service attacks.
Info
Only users with the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability can use this flag, CAP_BPF is not enough due to the security risk associated with the flag.
BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG
v5.2
Setting this flag will make it so the map can only be read via helper functions, but not written to.
For details please check the generic description.
BPF_F_WRONLY_PROG
v5.2
Setting this flag will make it so the map can only be written to via helper functions, but not read from.
For details please check the generic description. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
System.Types
From RAD Studio API Documentation
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Package rtl270.bpl
Classes
IAsyncResultAn interface that methods use as a return type in order to provide asynchronous execution of code.
TBitConverterConverter between arrays of bytes and Delphi native types.
TMultiWaitEventAbstract base class that the System.Classes unit fully implements. IAsyncResult.GetAsyncWaitEvent uses this class as the return type.
Routines
BoundsReturns the TRect for a rectangle of given dimensions.
CenteredRectCreates a centered rectangle.
CenterPointReturns the point in the center of a rectangle.
EqualRectIndicates whether two TRect values are the same.
InflateRectEnlarges a rectangle by a specific amount.
IntersectRectReturns the intersection of two specified rectangles.
IntersectRectFReturns the intersection of two rectangles.
IsRectEmptyIndicates whether a specified rectangle has a positive width and height.
MinPointReturns the minimum TPoint or TPointF.
MultiplyRectEnlarges a rectangle by a specific amount.
NormalizeRectNormalizes the TRect object.
NormalizeRectFNormalizes the TRectF object.
OffsetRectChanges the origin of a rectangle by a specified amount.
PointCreates a TPoint structure from a pair of coordinates.
PointFReturns an instance of TPointF.
PtInCircle (deprecated)Indicates whether a specified point lies inside a specified circle.
PtInRectIndicates whether a specified point lies inside a specified rectangle.
RectCreates a TRect structure from a set of coordinates.
RectCenterReturns an instance of TRect or TRectF placed in the center of another similar rectangle.
RectFReturns an instance of TRectF.
RectHeightReturns the vertical size of the rectangle.
RectWidthSpecifies the horizontal size of the rectangle.
ScalePointReturns an instance of TPoint or TPointF with scaled coordinates.
SmallPointCreates a TSmallPoint structure from a pair of coordinates.
SplitRectReturns a rectangle obtained from the current rectangle, applying the specified splitting rule.
UnionRectReturns the union of two rectangles.
UnionRectFReturns the union of two rectangles.
Types
DWORDInteger type with the range [0; 4294967295].
OleStrRepresents an alias for WideString.
PBytePointer to Byte.
PDoublePointer to Double.
PIntegerPointer to Integer.
PLongIntPointer to LongInt.
PPointPPoint is a pointer to a TPoint variable.
PPointFPointer to a TPointF variable.
PRectPointer to a TRect variable.
PRectFPointer to a TRectF variable.
PSizePointer to tagSIZE.
PSizeFPointer to a TSizeF variable.
PSmallIntPointer to Smallint.
PSmallPointPointer to TSmallPoint.
SIZERepresents an alias to a record holding width and height values.
tagPOINTRepresents an alias for TPoint.
tagPointFRepresents an alias for TPointF.
tagSizetagSize is a record holding width and height values.
TDirectionIndicates the direction of list broswing.
TDuplicatesIndicates the response when an application attempts to add a duplicate entry to a list.
TEndianDefines a type of endian.
THorzRectAlignSpecifies the horizontal alignment of a rectangle.
TPointDefines a pixel location on-screen.
TPointFDefines a pixel location on-screen.
TPointFType
TRectTRect defines a rectangle.
TRectFTRectF defines a rectangle, with coordinates in floating points.
TSizeSpecifies the width and height of an object.
TSizeFRepresents the floating-point width and height of an object.
TSmallPointTSmallPoint type defines a point with two 16-bit coordinates.
TSplitRectTypeTSplitRectType specifies which rectangle side is used when splitting a rectangle.
TValueRelationshipTValueRelationship defines value comparison results.
TVertRectAlignSpecifies the vertical alignment of a rectangle.
TWaitResult
Variables
c180
c180divPI
c2PI
c360
c3PIdiv4
cInv2PI
cInv360
cOneHalf
cPI
cPIdiv180
cPIdiv2
cPIdiv4
CurveKappa
CurveKappaInv
Epsilon
Epsilon2
Constants
BOM_LSB_FIRSTBOM_LSB_FIRST: Char = $FEFF;
BOM_MSB_FIRSTBOM_MSB_FIRST: Char = $FFFE;
CarriageReturnCarriageReturn: Char = $D;
EqualsValueEqualsValue: Integer = 0;
FormFeedFormFeed: Char = $C;
GreaterThanValueGreaterThanValue: Integer = 1;
GUID_NULLGUID_NULL: TGUID;
LessThanValueLessThanValue: Integer = $FFFFFFFF;
LineFeedLineFeed: Char = $A;
LineSeparatorLineSeparator: Char = $2028;
NullCharNullChar: Char = 0;
ParagraphSeparatorParagraphSeparator: Char = $2029;
PlatformEndianPlatformEndian: TEndian = Little;
RT_RCDATART_RCDATA: PWideChar = $A;
SpaceSpace: Char = $20;
TabulatorTabulator: Char = 9;
VerticalTabVerticalTab: Char = $B; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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