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Christine Labrie
Christine Labrie is a Canadian politician. She was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election and represents the electoral district of Sherbrooke as a member of Québec solidaire. | WIKI |
Iceport
An iceport is a more-or-less permanent indentation in the front of an ice shelf, that can serve as a natural ice harbour. Though useful, they are not always reliable, as calving of surrounding ice shelves can render an iceport temporarily unstable and unusable.
Historical and present use of iceports
Iceports have played a critical role in Antarctic exploration. For example, the Bay of Whales (discovered and named by Ernest Shackleton in the Nimrod in 1908) served as the base for several important Antarctic expeditions, including:
* 1910-1912: Amundsen's South Pole expedition, led by Roald Amundsen
* 1928-1930: Richard Evelyn Byrd - First expedition
* 1933-1935: Richard Evelyn Byrd - Second expedition
* 1939-1941: United States Antarctic Service Expedition, led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
Norsel Iceport was used by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) to moor and unload the expedition ship MV Norsel (1945) in 1949. The NBSAE established Maudheim Station about 1 mile south of the iceport.
The term iceport was first suggested by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1956 to denote "ice shelf embayments, subject to configuration changes, which may offer anchorage or possible access to the upper surface of an ice shelf via ice ramps along one or more sides of the feature".
Prior to the invention of the ice pier, U.S. ships participating in Operation Deep Freeze discharged cargo at temporary iceports in McMurdo Sound. At that time, freighters and tankers arriving with supplies and fuel were forced to dock as far away as 16 km from the harbor. Ships would moor alongside seasonal pack ice, where longshoremen would offload cargo onto large sleds. Snowcats and tractors would then be used to tow the freight over ice to McMurdo Station, a difficult and potentially dangerous operation.
U.S. Navy engineers constructed the first floating ice pier at McMurdo Station, Antarctica’s southernmost sea port, in 1973. Since that time, the use of iceports has declined but not been completely eliminated.
Locations of Antarctic iceports
Iceports in Antarctica include:
* Atka Iceport (-70.58333°N, -7.85°W)
* Erskine Iceport (-69.93333°N, 19.2°W)
* Godel Iceport (-70.15°N, 21.75°W)
* Norsel Iceport (-71.01667°N, -1.16667°W)
* Bay of Whales (-78.5°N, -164.33333°W) | WIKI |
Tuesday, December 29, 2015
4 Brutal Exercises That Build Extreme Core Strength
Achieve a strong core by building strength through exercises that work your muscles as a whole group, while eliminating mid-body weakness in the process.
One of the big problems I see with clients - whether it's elite athletes or "average Joes" - is poor core strength. Now, with "core training" being all the rage and everyone wanting washboard abs, how could that be? I think it has to do with a fundamental misunderstanding of what it takes to achieve a strong core.
It's common for an athlete to have a strong lower back from squatting and dead lifting, but have weak abdominals. I frequently see guys with a six-pack stomach but a weak lower back. In most of these scenarios, the lifter probably does individual exercises for the muscles comprising the core - the abdominals, the lower back, obliques, hip flexors, serratus, etc. - but may not do movements that require stability and build strength in these muscles as a whole group.
Accessory lifts, such as leg extensions, are great for toning and defining the quads, but that is not how you would build a functional, powerful lower body; if you want strong legs you would do heavy compound movements, such as squats and lunges. Similarly, body weight crunch variations are not going to build strength and power in your midsection because they don't place a significant load on all of the muscles that stabilize the core, they merely tone the abdominals.
Another problem I see with most "core" or "ab" regimens is the sheer number of reps. If you are capable of doing 100+ reps of an exercise in a single set, are you really building strength or just exercising? To build a strong back, I don't use a weight that is light enough on the T-bar row to do 100 reps, and you will never see me doing sets of 100 crunches to strengthen by abdominals. If you want a strong core, you have to do compound power movements. Here are four extreme core exercises that will put you to the test.
Weighted Plank
A basic bodyweight plank is my all-time favorite core exercise because it works every muscle in the core and it can be tailored for use by beginners up to advanced athletes. Once you can hold a static front plank for two minutes, you are ready to start adding some weight. Start with one plate and shoot for a 30-second hold, then work up from there. It's very important to keep the abdominals flexed and avoid lowering your hips, as this could strain your lower back.
Barbell Climbs
For this movement, start with a barbell, broom stick or PVC pipe, and hold it out in front of you with your feet shoulder width for a nice solid base. Climb down hand over hand, then back up, shooting for sets of three to five. Keep your abs flexed the entire time. Like most of my favorite core exercises, there are a lot of other muscles being worked, and these 'climbs' will really tax your lats and test your grip strength. It's very important to not attempt this on a slick surface where the bar could slide out from under you, and it may be a good idea to wedge the bar in the corner and have a spotter on your first attempt.
Medicine Ball Rollouts
I like to think of these as the crazy older brother of the Ab Wheel. Start doing them from your knees and keep your back "hunched" and abs tight (see a pattern here?) as you roll the ball out and walk it back in. In addition to the abs and hip flexors, these roll-outs really work the lats, serratus, and triceps. If you're experienced on the Ab Wheel, try these from a standing position. I usually hit five Standing Roll-Outs and use an 80lb medicine ball. If you can do 10 reps from your feet, you are an absolute beast.
Spiderman Extensions
Ok, when I called these exercises extreme, maybe you rolled your eyes…but it doesn't get any more extreme than this. These are one of the hardest exercises in my arsenal and you better have a lower back of steel and abs of granite if you're going to attempt them. Start with a set of Rings or TRX straps hanging a few feet from a wall. Walk your feet up the wall until your body is tilted down and settle into a push-up position. Perform a deep push-up but as you come up, gradually extend your arms out overhead until they are in line with your body and you are perfectly straight. Fight for stability the entire time and channel your inner Peter Parker. Good luck.
Now you should have a good idea of not only how to build a strong core but also what kinds of movements are possible when there is no weak link in the middle of your body. Whether you are a football player throwing a ball, a boxer throwing a punch, or a wrestler throwing your opponent on his head, your core needs to be strong so that the power you generate from your legs and hips doesn't get lost as it travels through your upper body. Now, of course, I didn't start out being able to do any of these movements. I had to work up to them. In my next article, I will teach you my weekly core strength routine that I use with all of my athletes to prepare them to execute these extreme power movements.
By Coach Myers - muscleandstrength
2 comments:
1. I have more of a question than a comment. That last exercise seems incomplete in the description. Once you have achieved the straight line, then what? you hold the position? you pull arms down to original push up position and cycle several reps? Not sure what makes a full exercise. Is it reps? or time holding?
ReplyDelete | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Apple is remaking Steven Spielberg’s “Amazing Stories” TV show
Earlier this year, Apple told Hollywood it was getting serious about TV by hiring two producers from Sony. Then Apple told Hollywood it was serious about TV again, by making it clear that it was willing to spend a $1 billion or more on its own shows. Now it’s saying it one more time: Apple is getting into business with Steven Spielberg, by reviving his old “Amazing Stories” show that ran on NBC in the ’80s, via a deal with NBCUniversal.* The Wall Street Journal, which broke the story, says Apple may be paying upward of $5 million an episode for 10 episodes of the new show. Apple didn’t have any comment, but NBC was happy to celebrate the deal, via a comment it attributes to NBC Entertainment president Jennifer Salke: It’s wonderful to be reunited with our colleagues Zack [Van Amburg] and Jamie [Erlicht] in their new capacity at Apple. We love being at the forefront of Apple's investment in scripted programming, and can't think of a better property than Spielberg's beloved "Amazing Stories" franchise with the genius of Bryan Fuller at the helm and more exciting creative partnerships to come. Okay, okay, okay. We get it. Apple is going to spend a bunch of money making a bunch of TV shows, using a lot of A-list talent. So we will see more of these announcements. One day you may also hear, for instance, that Apple has outbid Netflix for the rights to make a show with Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon. It is also interested in, among other things, the James Bond business. Here’s the thing we don’t get: What exactly is Apple going to do with all of this stuff? We know that Apple doesn’t plan on doing what Apple has done with its TV projects so far — using them as promotions for its Apple Music service. But that doesn’t tell us what it will do instead. Educated hunch: Apple isn’t exactly sure itself. A billion dollars — or more — is a lot of money. But it’s not enough to launch a Netflix (or Amazon- or Hulu)-style subscription service. If Apple wanted to go that route, it would be also be buying up libraries of older shows and movies — or entire content companies, like Time Warner — so people would have stuff to watch when they’re done with the Spielberg (or Aniston, or whatever) shows. So what else is left? Will Apple simply view these as a very expensive marketing campaign for its phones and other hardware? That seems like an odd way to spend time and energy. Or is there some other subscription plan in the works, where content would only be a part of the offering? Note that all of the stories you’ve read about Apple’s appetite for content don’t explain why Apple has an appetite. Just that it exists. Figuring out why it’s hungry, and what it intends to do with the stuff it’s ordering, ought to be fascinating. * NBCUniversal is an investor Vox Media, which owns this site. This article originally appeared on Recode.net. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Use Auditory Bombardment at Home!
• Auditory Bombardment
Auditory Bombardment is an evidence/research based therapy procedure that Hillcrest speech language pathologists use on a regular basis to enhance phonological/sound awareness. Now you can use this technique at home too! Using Auditory Bombardment at home will increase your child's rate of sound development as well as increase rate of generalization into conversational speech.
What is it?
It involves children listening to amplified (through headphones) target words. It provides children with intensified, repeated, systematic exposure to phonological or articulation targets.
How can I use it?
First, ask your child's SLP what sound targets would be appropriate to use. Then, find the audio file (listed on the sub page to your left) , and play it for your child. It is best if your child listens to the audio file through headphones. Choose a time of day that works best for your family (before dinner, before bed, etc.), and play the file everyday at that time (Monday - Friday).
Extended activities: You may also talk about the sound with your child after listening to the audio file. Talk about how we make the sound with our tongue and what it sounds like. Practice saying a few words from the audio file list. You can choose one of the words and draw a picture of it or go on a treasure hunt in your home to find it. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of corporations based in Mississauga
This is a list of large and international corporations with Canadian headquarters in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Companies founded or based in Mississauga are also included.
Companies founded or based in Mississauga
* Alectra
* Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
* Bell Mobility
* Canada Dry Motts
* Candu Energy Inc.
* Carrier Enterprise Canada
* East Side Mario's
* EllisDon
* First Choice Haircutters
* Grocery Gateway
* Hatch Ltd
* Heys International Ltd., relocated from Toronto in 2009
* Highland Farms
* IMAX Corporation
* Kelseys Original Roadhouse
* Laura Secord Chocolates
* Maple Leaf Foods
* Metroland Media Group
* Molly Maid
* Morguard
* MY-IVVI
* Pressure Pipe Inspection Company
* Softron
* Second Cup
* Shaw Broadcast Services
* The Shopping Channel
* TST-CF Express
* Winners
Canadian headquarters of international Fortune 500 companies
* Abbott Laboratories
* ADM Milling
* Agilent Technologies
* Air Products Canada
* Alcoa Fastening Systems
* Amgen Canada
* Anixter Canada
* Ashland Canada
* AVNET International Canada
* Baxter Corporation
* Boston Scientific
* Chevron Texaco Lubricants
* Citi
* ConAgra Foods
* DuPont
* Eastman Chemical
* Ecolab
* Expeditors International
* Federal Express
* First Data
* General Electric
* General Mills
* Gilead Sciences
* Hershey
* Hewlett-Packard
* Honeywell
* Ingram Micro
* Kellogg
* Kimberly-Clark
* Konica Minolta
* Marriott Lodging
* Masco
* Mascot Truck Parts
* Mattel
* Medtronic
* Microsoft
* Moores
* NetSuite
* NCR
* Newell Rubbermaid
* Nissan
* Office Depot
* Oracle Corporation
* Paccar
* PepsiCo
* Pitney Bowes
* Praxair
* Prologis
* Ryder
* Sara Lee Coffee & Tea
* Sealed Air
* Sherwin-Williams
* Smurfit-MBI
* Staples
* Tech Data
* Thermo Fisher Scientific
* United Parcel
* Wal-Mart
* Wells Fargo
* Western Digital
* Whirlpool Corporation
* Wyeth Consumer Health Care
* YRC Logistics | WIKI |
Simple Assignment 3PAGES
3PAGES
The following case studies are provided to give you experience in completing risk assessments. These studies allow you to identify the process that one goes through in risk assessments. (This implies, “This is what the case study tells me, this is what I need to know, this is what I would do with the information once it is determined…Perhaps you should start out saying, “The first step I took…) The whole point of this process is to get you familiar with the components of the risk assessment process and to give you practice with trying to find the different components and then put them together to make conclusions. My approach to this assignment is to act like a detective. Ask questions of yourself, discuss where the questions lead you, what more questions are revealed once you have gathered the initial data, etc.
The final research project has you actually doing the process for a particular toxicant with you researching for the information you need.
FIRST THING: Also, though more important for stage 2, you will need to determine why you are doing the risk assessment. SPECIFICALLY WRITE OUT YOUR PURPOSE FIRST THING. In an accident case it might be to determine what the long-term health effects will be to those who were exposed but survived. It might be to determine how high the risks of exposure are to nearby residents, or if exposure were to happen, what the risks to them might be. In a workplace case the risk assessment might be to determine to what level the clean-up (of air, water, etc.) should be to protect human health. It might be to determine if any workplace accommodations need to be made. In a medically related case the risk assessment might be to characterize the risks to workers associated with a medically related accident or incident. Its purpose might be to determine the risks to the general public from an incident. If you narrow down your focus it will make how you go about dose response investigation and exposure assessment more straightforward.
You may NOT use any of these case studies for your research project.
Staged Project (Case Study 1), Stage 1: Define the purpose of the Risk Assessment. Apply the steps of hazard identification to identify the hazard in each case study. Be sure to discuss the evidence that led you to your decision about the identification of the hazard. If the case study doesn’t provide the evidence then discuss how you would go about getting the evidence you need and what source would you use. Discuss how the evidence supports your conclusion about the identification of the hazard. Keep in mind the information you need for toxickinetics and toxicodynamics.
Staged Project (Case Study 2), Stage 2: Exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. Based on the case studies above and the hazard identified, discuss how you would approach an exposure assessment, a dose-response assessment and a final risk characterization.
NOTE: not all of these case studies are real incidences. You have been given choices so that you may explore areas within your interests.
Choose ONE study from EACH AREA below (this means you will comment on THREE case studies – one from community-based, one from work-based and one from medically based.
Community-Based Hazard Exposure:
Choose one (1) of these –
A. http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08014/case4_0.htm
Graniteville, S. Carolina Case study, Chlorine
Note that this case study either tells you, or strongly hints at what the hazard is. Ignore this, and tell me what logic you used to determine what the hazard actually was.
B. http://www.mhhe.com/Enviro-Sci/CaseStudyLibrary/Topic-Based/CaseStudy_LoveCanal.pdf
New York Case Study, water and ground pollution
Workplace-Based Hazard Exposure:
Choose one (1) of these –
A: An employee developed occupational asthma after working for a large multi-national company in Gloucester. He was employed between 1995 and 2004 as a solderer and was exposed to rosin based (colophony) solder fume during his career. The company had no fume extraction equipment to remove rosin based fumes from the workroom air or from the breathing zones of its solderers.
His health was deteriorating from 1999 onwards and he was taking time off work due to breathing difficulties.
B: Jenkins Chemical
Background
Jenkins Chemicals is a small/medium size specialist chemical manufacturing
company based in Hartfordshire, England. The company supplies Hydrazine Hydrate (a known carcinogen) for use as an oxygen scavenger of boiler feed water, preventing corrosion damage in high pressure boilers used in the power generating industries and used as a chemical intermediate for a number of different applications. Under the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations, Hydrazine Hydrate is a Category 2 carcinogen – believed to cause cancer in humans. Whilst under the EU Classification Labeling and Packaging regulations it will carry a category 1B (H350) Carcinogen classification.
The Problem
The company originally used a manual operation to decant the Hydrazine Hydrate
into storage tanks using a hose and lance system. A similar approach was used to
prepare Hydrazine Hydrate for supply to customers; manual decanting into
containers of various sizes up to 1 tonne bulk containers. When HSE inspected the site and assessed both processes, HSE and the company agreed that there was a heavy reliance on both personal protective equipment (PPE) and Respiratory Protective equipment (RPE). The company also had a local exhaust
ventilation system on site which would only remove escaping vapors when near the
source of exposure, therefore offering a limited level of protection. This was important
given that the company had discovered that airborne exposure concentrations during
manual transfers were in excess of the assigned regulatory exposure limit for
Hydrazine, although no employee was known to be exposed to hydrazine vapor
above the regulatory limits.
Substitution – using a less harmful chemical with similar properties was not a viable
option for the company as there was no other practicable alternative oxygen
scavenger for use in high pressure boilers. Overall, the potential for worker exposure coupled with a heavy reliance on PPE raised concerns for both HSE and the company.
At the heart of the shared dilemma was the need to minimize the potential for worker
exposure to a vital, but harmful chemical.
C. Case Study: Jennifer*
Jennifer is a nulliparous, 30-year-old healthy woman who presents to your office for her annual well-woman exam. She was recently married and is contemplating pregnancy within the next year. She has no complaints except for occasional headaches, which occur sometimes at work but never on weekends.
Jennifer has worked as a lab technician at a local polymer manufacturer for the past 6 years. She is concerned about possible chemical exposure at work. For protective equipment she uses eye protection, an apron, and latex gloves. There is no ventilation hood in the lab. The primary chemical she works with is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), a chemical used to dissolve a wide range of other chemicals. She is exposed to NMP on a weekly, and often daily, basis.
Jennifer’s exam is normal. The pregnancy test that you order is negative. You pull up the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for NMP online, which you review with Jennifer. The MSDS mentions no adverse reproductive effects, and Jennifer is relieved. However, knowing that MSDS entries are often incomplete and inaccurate with regard to information on the reproductive effects of the chemical, you investigate NMP in more detail on the Internet. You learn that in 2001, NMP was listed as a known reproductive toxicant in the state of California on the basis of animal studies.6 You search the developmental and reproductive toxicology database at the TOXNET Web site and find several entries, including a case of a pregnancy loss in a lab technician exposed to NMP.
On the basis of the information from the Internet and the toxicology database, you refer Jennifer to an occupational health specialist. You receive a note from the specialist after Jennifer’s consultation. She has recommended the use of additional safety precautions at Jennifer’s workplace, including a ventilator hood, a well-fitted respirator, neoprene rather than latex gloves (the former are more resistant), and continued use of the apron and eye protection.
The occupational health specialist asks you to explore with Jennifer the options for transferring out of the lab to a less toxic work environment, bearing in mind her legal rights and the potential for job loss or discrimination. You write a letter to Jennifer’s employer identifying NMP as a potential reproductive toxicant, highlighting the importance of avoiding reproductive toxicants, and the need to transfer Jennifer to a job without such exposure while she is trying to get pregnant and during pregnancy.
The employer transfers Jennifer to a position with less toxic exposure and invests in additional safety equipment for Jennifer and other employees. Had no other jobs been available, Jennifer might have decided to continue in the same job with improved protection. After the transfer, Jennifer’s headaches resolve.
This case illustrates that exposures to reproductive toxicants can occur at the workplace. With understanding and appropriate information, health care providers can advocate for their patients and make specific workplace recommendations that reduce the risk of exposure to reproductive toxicants.
*Case study adapted from GENERATIONS AT RISK: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT, published by The MIT Press.7
Medically Related Exposures:
Choose one (1):
Case A: Jan was a nurse at the Lydecker Hospital in Minneapolis, MN. She worked the night shift in the communicable diseases ward.
One evening a 28 year old male (Jason) was brought to the ward in a confused condition. His chart indicated that he had AIDS and hepatitis C and was presently recovering from acute alcohol poisoning.
Toward the end of her shift Jan was doing patient assessment. Upon entering Jason’s room Jan approached the bed to determine Jason’s vitals (blood pressure, temperature, etc.). Upon waking Jason became extremely agitated, verbally and then physically abusive. Jan, in an attempt to calm the patient, gently put her hand on his shoulder, which he then grabbed and proceeded to bite Jan several times, drawing blood and requiring 36 stitches.
Case B: Jacob works as an infectious disease analyst at a local hospital. While he is a physician, his job is largely administrative in that he analyzes data on suspected nosocomial (hospital induced) infections. He notes that beginning the third week in March that three patients developed pneumonia after being in the hospital between 5-7 days. Both were immunologically compromised. Two patients developed surgical site infections. During the fourth week in March he noted that two nurses had come down with pneumonia and one had come down with a skin condition. Suspecting MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) a full evaluation of hospital protocol was initiated. It was found that the all patients to have come down with MRSA related illnesses been interviewed by the same intake personnel. All nurses who had become ill had attended the ill patients. It was later determined that the intake person was a carrier of MRSA.
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User:CINCI-MAN222
Hi. My name is 'CINCI-MAN222' and I like to contribute to Wikipedia when I can. I am a Catholic from Cincinnati, Ohio. | WIKI |
Chateau Morrisette Winery
Chateau Morrisette Winery is a winery located in Floyd, Virginia. It was founded by David Morrisette in 1980, making it among the oldest wineries in Virginia. Containing 13 acre of land, the winery production has increased to approximately 60,000 cases per year.
History
William Morrisette began experimenting with grape growing in the early 1970s on the advice of the Virginia Tech Fruit and Science Department. After graduating from Mississippi State University's Viticulture and Enology program, David Morrisette returned to Virginia and ripped out the vines that his father planted. In 1978, William, Nancy and David Morrisette planted the first vines, starting the Chateau Morrisette Winery. Chateau Morrisette was one of the six wineries started in Virginia prior to 1980, making it one of the oldest wineries in the state. David Morrisette became Château Morrisette's first official winemaker. In 1982, the first commercial wines were produced, beginning with approximately 1,500 gallons. The winery has 13 acres and wine production is now in excess of 60,000 cases. The Winery underwent an expansion and modernization in 1999, including a new wine production facility and hospitality center. Blue Ridge Timberwrights constructed a building from salvaged timber from the St. Marie River and from a Seattle warehouse to create one of the largest salvaged timber-frame buildings in North America: 32365 sqft with over 132,000 board feet of recycled Douglas-fir timbers.
Production
The production building houses over 160,000 gallons of stainless steel tank capacity, 50,000 gallons of capacity in French and American oak barrels, a twenty-two ton press and a bottling line with the capacity of 2,000 cases per shift. Château Morrisette utilizes grape production from its own vineyards and from independent growers. The winery sources many of their grapes from across Virginia. Their varieties include Chardonnay, Vidal blanc, Viognier, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Pinot noir, and Tannat. | WIKI |
Extract Salesforce Data
• 28 May 2023
• 3 Minutes to read
• Contributors
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Extract Salesforce Data
• Dark
Light
• PDF
Article Summary
The following articles describe using Single Dataloader to extract data from Salesforce. The information is stored in CSV format.
1. Log in to your ARM account.
2. Hover your mouse over the Dataloader module and select Dataloader.
The Dataloader screen is best viewed when the zoom setting is 75% on your Chrome/Firefox browser.
3. Click Extract on the right side of the screen.
4. Choose your Salesforce org and your org Environment (Production or Development edition, Sandbox, or Pre-Release).
5. The corresponding URL and your Username are automatically generated based on the above selection.
6. Click Login and Fetch objects to fetch all the objects from your Salesforce org.
7. Select the object from which you wish to extract the data. For example, Account, Contact, Lead, etc. You can use the Search function to search through your objects and filter to filter your standard/custom objects quickly.
8. Click Next.
9. On the left, you will be provided with an option to select related objects and their fields. Each object will be displayed as a collapsible unit, under which you can select either all of the fields or required fields. Use the Quick Find search function to search through your fields quickly.
10. Select the checkbox before each field to include for the extraction process.
11. On the right, you can add Filters to your query. Specifying the filter criteria will extract records within a specified limit. To add filters to your query:
1. For your object (example- Account) selected, choose a field (example- CreatedDate).
2. Select the operator.
3. Enter the filter value (example- Date Literals, Last_week).
4. Click on the + icon to add the filter.
5. To delete a filter, click on the x icon.
12. In the Order By section, you can assign the order in which the record is generated, i.e., ascending or descending order.
1. Select a field to be your sorting criteria.
2. Select your sorting order: Ascending or Descending.
13. You can verify your query using the Validate Query button to ensure it will work properly before running your task. The number of records being extracted is shown as a notification pop-up.
14. On the Process Summary screen, you can:
1. Give the process/job a Name.
2. Select the Category. Categories are used to classify and group similar processes having similar functionality. In simple terms, you are assigning similar processes to a category. You can select an existing category or create a new one by clicking the + icon.
3. View the main Object.
4. View the operation Type (Extract).
5. View the number of extracted Records.
6. Limit the export row count. Use this option to retrieve some rows from your export results.
7. Use Bulk API.
About Bulk API
The Bulk API is based on REST principles and is optimized for inserting, updating, and deleting large data sets. You can use the Bulk API to process jobs in serial or parallel mode. Processing batches serially means running them one after another, while processing batches in parallel means running multiple batches simultaneously. When you run a bulk API job, processing more batches in parallel means giving that job a higher degree of parallelism, providing better overall data throughput.
15. You can schedule your tasks so they start running regularly. You can choose between Daily, Weekly, or On-demand schedules.
16. Finally, click Save to save your task and run it later.
17. Your task is shown on top of the lists on the Dataloader Summary screen.
18. Click Run to start the dataloader immediately before the scheduled time.
19. Select the configurations here:
• Use Batch Size.
About Batch Size
Whenever the Bulk API checkbox is left unchecked, the Batch API is used.
Salesforce Batch API is based on SOAP principles and is optimized for real-time client applications that update small numbers of records at a time. Although SOAP API can also process larger numbers of records, it becomes less practical when the data sets contain hundreds of thousands of records. In such cases, Bulk API is the best option. Batch API processes data in smaller batches than bulk API, resulting in a higher API call usage per operation on large volumes of data.
• Limit the export row count.
• Use UTF-8 file encoding for file read and write operations.
20. Click Run.
21. The Results of Last Run section shows the number of successful or failed records extracted. You can view the records or download them to your local system. The records are generated in ZIP format.
More Options
1. Edit: Modifies or updates the process details.
2. Abort: Aborts the process while it is still running.
3. Schedule: Sets the schedule at which the process must run.
4. Delete: Deletes the extract process.
5. Log: Provides information about the execution of the extracted task.
6. VR/WFR: ARM lists all the validations/workflow rules that were set. The UI lists all the validation rules, and users must enable them for the disabled validation rules (if required). For more info, refer to the article: Validation/ Workflow Rules. Sample VR/WFR attached:Validation rulesWorkflow Rules
7. Clone: Creates a copy (clone) of the extract process. Operation type and object name are displayed. Enter the Process Name in the field. The default Salesforce Org is automatically selected. To choose a different org, use the dropdown list. Use the Edit button to change the query filter, then click Validate. Finally, click Clone.
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are foxes omnivores, carnivores, or herbivores
Foxes are wild animals that live on every continent except Antarctica. You can spot them in forests, deserts, villages, and even in urban surroundings like cities.
Some people find them adorable, while others are aware of their wild and mischievous character. In fairy tales, foxes are known for their cunning and greedy nature, and in real life, they are known for stealing food and poultry from villagers.
Based on stories, we can conclude that foxes eat meat and a lot of it. But do they eat anything else? Are foxes omnivores, carnivores, or herbivores?
Foxes are omnivores because they eat both animals and plants. Their wildlife style makes them live all-embracing in general, and they are known as great opportunists when it comes to food. Some would say that foxes eat everything they can find, as they eat various forest berries and fruits and even carcasses.
What Is an Omnivore?
If you are a little bit confused by the word omnivore and what it means, we will help you out and explain a little bit.
Omnivores are organisms that eat both plants and animals, and in some cases, algae, fungi, and even bacteria. The word was obtained from the Latin words omnis, “all of everything,” and vore, “to devour or eat.”
On the one hand, omnivores are superior to other organisms because they can survive by eating everything and anything. They can quickly digest protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrates and utilize the nutrients and energy given by their food.
Omnivores are a crucial part of the food chain, as they can be both the predator and the prey. Some omnivore animals are also scavengers, meaning they eat remains of other dead organisms, mostly animals.
This food group includes birds, bears, raccoons, foxes, dogs, and humans.
Are Foxes Omnivores, Carnivores, or Herbivores?
Foxes are mammals that belong to the family Canidae, which is a family of typically dog-like mammals. There are more than 30 fox species, and all are considered omnivores.
Twelve species belong to the group of true foxes, Vulpes. The most common and most known fox is the red fox, and it has around 47 recognized subspecies.
Red foxes are considered the most widespread species of fox and a minor concern when it comes to extinction. In some parts of the globe, like Australia, the red fox is considered one of the most invasive species and harmful to Australia’s mammal and bird population.
In most cases, when people are talking about twelve species of true foxes, they are referring to them as carnivores. In fact, all of them are omnivores.
It is true that all foxes would prefer to eat meat if they could, but if they don’t have the opportunity, they will eat anything.
The Fox or Vulpe is a mammal that belongs to the genus of the Canes, the Canidae family, they are those that come from the Canidae. This characteristic makes it an adaptive diet generalist omnivore.
There are several of its species distributed throughout the world, among them the most common are Pale, Arctic, Grays, Fennec, Cape, and Reds; a large part of them are present in almost all countries, they develop their life in deserts, forests, and mountains.
Foxes adapt to the environment in which they live, and they are surprisingly good at it. Especially when it comes to hunting.
Considering their size, foxes are incredibly strong and adept hunter animals. They would intake one to two pounds of food daily, and to achieve their daily nutrition requirements, foxes rely on their fine sense of smell and hearing to detect their prey.
Related: Do Hawks Eat Foxes?
What do foxes actually eat?
There is a reason why foxes are portrayed as greedy and gluttonous in every story and all fairy tales. They love to eat everything, and they will eat everything if they are hungry.
Like true omnivores, foxes eat a variety of foods consisting of both other animal and plant matter.
When it comes to hunting animals, foxes are great at being a predator. When they spot their prey, they can get to it with ease and kill it instantly. Foxes often hunt and eat mice, voles, other rodents, small mammals, snakes, frogs, and fish. If a fox is hungry, it will even hunt birds, although they are harder to catch.
Foxes often live in the wilderness, and in most areas, that includes a lot of plants. If they don’t have anything to hunt, they will gladly eat forest berries, fruits, grains, nuts, seeds, and grass.
And again, the stories that portrayed foxes as thieves are true. That being said, foxes can be thieves, especially if they live near urban and rural areas.
It’s not uncommon for foxes to steal food from humans or eggs from poultry, which they see as a special treat. Foxes can be of utter annoyance for humans if they happen to live near their habitats.
And finally, if a fox comes across a carcass, it will eat it, no doubt.
Feeding fox cubs
The cubs feed on their mother’s milk until they learn to hunt alone, as they grow, they usually supplement their diet with cultivated species such as plants, fruits, vegetables, and grains.
They also eat some fruits fallen from a tree, likewise, the mother climbs among the trees to feed them better.
This form of additional nutrition can be carried in their adult diet, and in terms of fruit preferences, they develop a better taste for red fruits, such as blueberries, cherries, plums, apples, blackberries, and grapes.
However, if there is plenty of meat food available, plant food does not always completely satisfy their appetite, but instead, it comes as an additional food supplementation.
It’s common for adults to be nocturnal predators and hunters, and in their usual diet, they prefer meat, which is why some people believe they are carnivores. However, we cannot rule out that foxes have an all-embracing life and diet due to their wildlife style.
You May Also Like: Do Foxes Purr?
Fox Physical Characteristics
All types of foxes have similar features, their differences are usually the size and their fur, this depends on the place where they live. In general, they have the following characteristics.
Feature
The fox is a beautiful animal with an anatomy similar to that of a canine. Its jaw and muzzle are long outlined, sharp teeth and long fangs. It’s common for their eyes to be brown, amber, or honey, almond-shaped with a tender and challenging look.
Fur
Those that live in cold areas have thick fur and short ears, those that live in warm areas have large ears and sparse fur. However, their fur changes a bit with the seasons. In summer it’s rough and short, in autumn or winter, it grows long and smooth.
As for its fur on the chest, it’s scarce in white, and sometimes it joins and creates a lighter coat than its natural tone, those with totally light or dark coats are very scarce and for the most part they are reddish-brown.
Size and weight
The fox is small to a medium-size animal, commonly weighing from 7.9 to 16.7 lb in its adult life, reaching a maximum length of 3,2 feet, although many times it does not have that measurement in adulthood.
It has an exuberant tail that is a little less than half the length of the body, which makes it look bigger and fearsome than it seems.
Conclusion
Even though many people think that foxes are carnivores and that they survive eating only meat, foxes are, in fact, omnivores. Foxes are great hunters but also scavengers and thieves. They will eat anything, other animals, carcasses, forest berries, grains, seeds, grass, and they especially love eggs.
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bare Metal Backup and Recovery: 2 Complete Guides
Bare metal backup can help you restore system to new computer with dissimilar hardware. This article offers you two ways, and the latter one is easier.
Lily
By Lily Updated on September 14, 2023
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What is bare metal backup?
Bare metal backup (BMB) backs up operating system files and all data except user data on critical volumes. Usually, it will include a system state backup, so you can easily restore backup to another computer, whether it has identical or dissimilar hardware. This process is called bare metal recovery. And it can really reduce the downtime when your computer runs into issues.
And this kind of backup applies to the following 2 situations:
• Restore bare metal backup to a new computer when the hardware of the old computer fails.
• Upgrade your computer hardware without reinstalling Windows 10.
Common ways to create Windows 10 bare metal backup
If you are in the 2 situations above, you may want to know how to create a bare metal backup in Windows 10 easily. File History or Backup and Restore (Windows 7) can only be used on the same computer, thus you can turn to Windows 10 WBadmin.
It's the command line version of Windows Backup and Restore, but with more advanced features. And you can use Wbadmin to restore backup to another machine without the requirement to the previous install operating system or programs if you include all the critical volumes in the WBadmin backup.
Mountvol
Besides, you still can try another method, it's using best bare metal backup software for Windows 10 - AOMEI Backupper Professional. It's much easier, you can complete the backup process in 3 steps. And it ensures high success rate of bare metal recovery, so you can boot from the restore drive and use your computer normally.
AOMEI Backupper Professional
How to create a bare metal backup in Windows 10
Here we will take Wbadmin as an example and show you all the steps for bare metal backup and recovery. Please follow the steps carefully.
Perform bare metal backup with Wbadmin
Then, to perform bare metal backup in Windows 10, open an elevated command prompt and follow the steps below.
1. Click on the Start, type “Command Prompt” in the Search box and select Run as administrator in the search results. You can also use Powershell to run WBadmin backup.
2. Type the wbadmin command line below and press Enter. You should change the “E:\” to the drive letter of the volume where you want to save the backup.
▶ wbadmin start backup -backuptarget:E: -allcritical -vssfull -quiet
Wbadmin Bare Metal Backup Command
Notes:✎...
The “-quiet” switch means that you will not be prompted to confirm the operation and it will automatically start the bare metal backup.
The "-vssfull" switch means that it will run a full backup using Volume Shadow Copy service (VSS).
Besides the critical volumes, you can also include other partitions like recovery partition in the backup. Just use the "-include" switch to specify the volume letters.
For the partitions without a drive letter, you can use volume GUID to specify this drive. You can use “mountvol” command to get the volume GUID information.
For example to backup C: drive, system reserved partition, and recovery partition to an external hard drive (F: drive), use this command:
▶ wbadmin start backup -backuptarget:F:\ -include: \\?\Volume{d4192b6f-0000-0000-0000-804c0c000000}\ -allCritical -vssCopy -quiet
Besides Windows 10, this backup command also applies to Windows 11, 8, 8.1, 7 and Windows Server 2008 (R2), 2012 (R2), 2016, 2019, 2022, etc.
Perform backup metal restore to another PC
Although bare metal backup and recovery in Windows does not require previous OS or software, you need to be sure the original computer and the target computer use the same boot mode, Legacy or UEFI. Otherwise, you will receive the error “System image restore fails because of EFI/BIOS”.
To be specific, the very old computers usually use Legacy mode and system disk is with MBR partition style, while the recent computers use UEFI mode and system disk is with GPT partition style.
Thus, before you perform the Windows 10 bare metal restore, you can boot into BIOS to ensure the boot mode is the same or reconfigure it. If you change the boot mode, you also need to convert the system disk into the corresponding partition style.
Change Legacy to UEFI
Besides the boot mode and partition style issue, you still need to take care of disk space of target disk - it needs to be equal to or larger than the original disk. And the target disk has to be formatted with NTFS.
Afterward, you can perform bare metal recovery to another computer with the following steps. It requires an installation disc or USB drive. If you don't have one, you can create one with Media Creation Tool or Windows 10 recovery drive first.
1. Boot the computer that needs recovery from a Windows installation disc or USB drive.
2. Specify the language and keyboard, and then click Next on the Windows Setup. Click Repair your computer > Troubleshoot > Advanced Options.
3. Select System Image Recovery and follow the wizard to perform a bare metal restore in Windows 10. If you prefer command line, you can also select Command Prompt and refer to steps in the WBadmin for bare metal recovery.
System Image Recovery
Easier way to make bare metal backup and restore in Windows 10👍
For common users, it's not easy to create bare metal backup and recovery with Wbadmin command line utility, since you have to learn all the necessary parameters and the recovery process has many restrictions. You may be tired of this.
Fortunately, you can achieve the same goal with the best Windows bare metal backup software - AOMEI Backupper Professional. It also works on other Windows operating systems such as Windows 11, 8, 8.1, 7. The steps are simple and easy to operate, with only a few clicks. And you can directly use your computer as normal after bare metal restore, because all the software and personal data are still lying on the computer.
For bare metal backup, you can enjoy the following advantages of this software:
☆ Schedule backup Windows 10 OS: It provides you with 3 different backup frequencies, namely, daily, weekly, monthly, and other 2 special features - Event trigger (for a particular situation like system shutdown) and USB plug in (to backup system to USB flash drive automatically when it's plugged in).
☆ Backup only changed files: By default, this software uses Incremental Backup as backup method, which only backs up changed files since the last backup, whether it's a full backup or incremental backup. You can also change it to differential backup and it does not require all the backup files in a set to be intact during the recovery process.
☆ Delete old backup images regularly: In the long term, schedule backup will generate multiple backups, thereby resulting in backup disk full one day. Don't worry about this too much, because this software offers you a feature called Backup Scheme, which allows you to delete backup files automatically to free up disk space for new backup.
Various backup options: You can enable email notification to confirm if your backup task runs smoothly, set normal or high compression level, and choose backup service, etc.
For bare metal restore, you just need to tick its Universal Restore feature during the recovery process when you want to do this. And it will take care of the rest.
Perform a bare metal backup with AOMEI Backupper
Before you start to create a bare metal backup, you need to prepare a storage device to receive the backup image temporarily. And then, download and install AOMEI Backupper Professional on your computer. For server users, try AOMEI Backupper Server.
Download Free TrialWin 11/10/8.1/8/7/XP
Secure Download
1. Launch AOMEI Backupper Professional, click System Backup under Backup tab.
System Backup
Tip:
You can also select Disk Backup if you want to include all partitions on the hard drive. AOMEI Backupper allows you to restore both system backup and disk backup to another computer that has dissimilar hardware.
2. Specify a path on the prepared storage as the backup destination. The program will select the system partition(s) that need to be backed up automatically.
Select Path
3. Click Start Backup to start the bare metal backup.
Start Backup
Perform dissimilar hardware restore to another computer
To restore the backup to a new computer with different hardware, you need to prepare a bootable media, and it can be bootable USB, or CD/DVD. Except for this, you can still use AOMEI PXE Boot tool to load micro-system over network, especially useful for multiple computers.
Then, launch this software and follow the steps below to perform dissimilar hardware restore:
1. Click Restore and then choose Select Image File to locate backup image.
Select Image File
2. Tick Restore this system image backup and Restore system to other location. Then, click Next
Restore to Other Location
3. You will be asked to select a destination location to store the backup image. Do as suggested and click Next.
Select Destination
4. Finally, in the Operation Summary window, be sure the option “Universal Restore” is checked and click Start Restore to restore system to a computer with different hardware.
Universal Restore
Summary
Wbadmin command line utility is very useful when you want to perform bare metal backup and recovery in Windows 10, but it's really complicated for home users. And the recovery process has many restrictions.
Thus, if you want to make this task easier, you can try the best bare metal backup software on Windows 10 - AOMEI Backupper Professional to backup and restore system to a new computer. You can benefit from its rich backup features, such as email notification, incremental or differential backup, backup scheme, etc. And its Recovery Environment feature helps a lot to restore crashed system on the same computer.
Besides, AOMEI Backupper provides Clone function. If you want to transfer Windows system to identical hardware or upgrade hard drive, you can clone hard drive and then install the cloned hard drive to the new computer. Why not give it a shot?
Lily
Lily · Editor
Lily Green joined AOMEI in 2018 and has since become a professional in the areas of data protection and data transfer. She is committed to helping users protect their precious computer data and troubleshoot Windows system errors. She consistently stays vigilant about the latest trends in technology, guaranteeing that the given information aligned with the ongoing advancements in the field. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Interplay between bone morphogenetic proteins and cognate binding proteins in bone and cartilage development: Noggin, chordin and DAN
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
95 Scopus citations
Abstract
This commentary is a concise discussion of the interactions between bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their binding proteins in bone and cartilage morphogenesis. BMPs are a family of growth and differentiation factors, and they act on mesenchymal cells to induce cartilage and bone differentiation in concentration-dependent thresholds. The BMP-BMP receptor binding leads to a cascade of signaling and transcription of BMP response genes. BMP binding proteins, noggin, chordin and DAN, act as antagonists and determine the bioavailability of BMPs for binding to cognate receptors to elicit the biological response. Noggin null mice with unrestricted action of BMPs exhibit defects in joint morphogenesis. BMPs and their binding proteins may reciprocally regulate the dynamic topography of joints, muscle, tendons and ligaments during morphogenesis of the skeleton. In addition, BMP actions may be potentiated by twisted gastrulation. BMPs and their binding proteins may play a critical role in regeneration of cartilage in osteoarthritis.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1-5
Number of pages5
JournalArthritis Research
Volume3
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 2001
Keywords
• BMP
• BMP receptors
• Extracellular matrix
• Smads
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Rheumatology
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Dive into the research topics of 'Interplay between bone morphogenetic proteins and cognate binding proteins in bone and cartilage development: Noggin, chordin and DAN'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 19.djvu/80
Rh 70 PIANOFORTE " 1530 (April). Item the vj daye paied to William Lewes for ii payer of virginalls in one coder with iiii stoppes brought to Grenewiche iii li. And for ii payer of virginalls in one coll er brought to the More other iii li. Now the second instrument may be explained, virginals meaning any quilled instrument, as a double spinet, like that at Nuremberg by Martin Van der Beest, the octave division being movable ; but the first cannot be so explained ; the four stops can only belong to a harpsichord, and the two pair instrument to a double-keyed one, one keyboard being over, and not by the side of the other. Again from the inventory after the king s death " Two fair pair of new long Yirginalls made harp-fashion of Cipres, with keys of ivory, having the King s Arms crowned and supported by his Grace s beastes within a garter gilt, standing over the keys." Rimbault saw in this an upright instrument, and such a one was not then impossible, Virdung s claviciterium (fig. 12) being no more than a horizontal harpsichord turned up upon its broad end, which a slight modi fication of the action rendered facile, but if upright, the two fair pair of new long virginalls would not have been " long " but high. We explain " harp-fashion " according to Galilei s " arpa giacente, " and are disposed to believe that we have here another double keyboard harpsi chord. We read in an inventory of the furniture of Warwick Castle, 1584, " a faire paire of double FIG. 12. % ii-dung s Claviciterium (upright Harpsichord), 1511. virginalls," and in the Hengrave inventory, 1603, "one great payre of double virginalls." Hans Ruckers, the great clavisingel maker of Antwerp, lived then too late to have invented the double keyboard and stops, evident adaptations from the organ, but we may not withhold from him the credit of introducing the octave string, so long attributed to him, which incorporated the octave spinet with the large instrument, to be henceforth play able without the co-operation of another performer. It had been attached to the bent or angle side of harpsi chords, as shown in a modern instrument which forms part of the famous Plantin Museum at Antwerp, and also in one by Hans Ruckers himself, dated 1594, preserved in the Kunst und Gewerbe Museum, Berlin. The double harpsi chord by that maker at the Conservatoire, Paris, dated 1590, which is four years earlier than the above, has the octave string. From that date until the last harpsichord was made by Joseph Kirkman in 1798, scarcely an instru ment of the kind was made, except in Italy, without the octaves. Hans Ruckers had two sons, Hans the younger, and Andries the elder, who followed and rivalled him in skill and reputation. Another Andries, the son of the former, appears to have done but little, at least for him self ; but a nephew, Jan Couchet, a grandson of old Hans Ruckers, continued the prestige of this distinguished family, Huygens being a witness to the rare ability of Couchet. All these men, and, in fact, all the clavisingel makers of Antwerp, belonged to the artist s guild of St Luke, the affiliation being recognized from the close alliance at that time of the arts, the painter having often as much to do with the musical instrument as the maker himself. The Ruckers harpsichords in the 18th century were fetching such prices as Bologna lutes did in the 17th or Cremona violins do now. There are still many specimens existing in Belgium, France, and England Handel had a Ruckers i harpsichord, which may be the one long sought for and lately discovered by Mr Julian Marshall in Windsor Castle ; it completes the number of sixty-three existing Ruckers instruments catalogued in Grove s Dictionary of Mime and Musicians. After the Antwerp make declined, London became pre- eminent for harpsichords, the representative makers being Jacob Kirckmann and Burckhard Tschudi, pupils of a Flemish master, one Tabel, who had settled in London, and whose business Kirckmann continued through marriage belonging to the canton of Glarus. According to the custom with foreign names obtaining at that time, by which Haendel became Handel, and Schmidt Smith, Kirckmann dropped his final n and Tschudi became Shucli, but he resumed the full spelling in the facies of the splendid harpsichords he made in 1766 for Frederick the Great, which are still preserved in the New Palace, Potsdam. By these great makers the harpsichord became a larger, heavier-strung, and more powerful instrument, and fancy stops were added to vary the tone effects. To the three shifting registers of jacks of the octave and first and second unisons were added the "lute," the charm of which was due to the favouring of high harmonics by plucking the strings close to the bridge, and the "harp," a surding or muting effect produced by impeding the vibration of the strings by contact of small pieces of buff leather. Two pedals were also used, the left-hand one a combination of a unison and lute, rendered practicable by first moving the " machine," a sixth stop, with the left hand of the player ; the right-hand pedal was to raise a hinged portion of the top or cover and thus gain some power of "swell" or cres cendo, an invention of Roger Plenius, to whom also the harp stop may be rightly attributed. This ingenious harp sichord maker had been stimulated to gain these effects by the nascent pianoforte which, as we shall find, he was the first to make in England. The first idea of pedals for the harpsichord to act as stops appears to have been John Hay- ward s (1 Haward) as early as 1676, as we learn from Mace s Musick s Monument. The French makers preferred a kind of knee-pedal arrangement known as the "genouillere," and sometimes a more complete muting by one long strip of buff leather, the "sourdine." As an improvement upon Plenius s clumsy swell, Slmcli in 1769 patented the Venetian swell, a framing of louvres, like a Venetian blind, which opened by the movement of the pedal, and, becoming in England a favourite addition to harpsichords, was early transferred to the organ, in which it replaced the rude " nag s-head " swell. A French harpsichord maker, Marius, whose name is remembered from a futile attempt to design a piano forte action, invented a folding harpsichord, the " clavecin brise"," by which the instrument could be disposed of in a smaller space. One, which is preserved at Berlin, probably formed part of the camp baggage of Frederick the Great. It was formerly a custom with kings, princes, and nobles who were well-disposed towards music to keep large collec tions of musical instruments, not as now for beauty of decoration, form, and colour, or historical associations, but for actual playing purposes in the domestic and festive music of their courts. There are records of their inventories, and it was to keep such a collection in playing order that Prince Ferdinand dei Medici engaged a Paduan harpsichord maker, Bartolommeo Cristofori, the man of genius who in vented and produced the pianoforte. We fortunately pos sess the record of this invention in a literary form from a well-known writer, the Marchese Scipione Maffei ; his description appeared in the Ciornale dei letterati d Italia,
* with Tabel s widow. Tschudi was of a noble Swiss family | WIKI |
Talk:imprescriptible
Imprescriptible rights
Please add example phrase "imprescriptible rights." <IP_ADDRESS> 04:27, 26 June 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Skip to content
Document classification
Document classification determines what the document text is about by mapping it to the categories of a tree.
The API resource carrying out classification has the following endpoint:
/api/analyze
In the reference section of this manual you will find all the information you need to perform document classification, specifically:
Here is an example of performing document classification on a short English test:
This example is based on the Python client you can find on GitHub.
The client gets user credentials from two environment variables:
EAI_USERNAME
EAI_PASSWORD
Set those variables with you account credentials before running the sample program below.
The program prints the list of categories.
from expertai.nlapi.edge.client import ExpertAiClient
client = ExpertAiClient()
text = "Michael Jordan was one of the best basketball players of all time. Scoring was Jordan's stand-out skill, but he still holds a defensive NBA record, with eight steals in a half."
output = client.classification(text)
print("Tab separated list of categories:")
for category in output.categories:
print(category.id_, category.hierarchy, sep="\t")
This example is based on the Java client you can find on GitHub.
The client gets user credentials from two environment variables:
EAI_USERNAME
EAI_PASSWORD
Set those variables with you account credentials before running the sample program below.
The program prints the JSON response.
import ai.expert.nlapi.security.Authentication;
import ai.expert.nlapi.security.Authenticator;
import ai.expert.nlapi.security.BasicAuthenticator;
import ai.expert.nlapi.security.DefaultCredentialsProvider;
import ai.expert.nlapi.v2.API;
import ai.expert.nlapi.v2.edge.Analyzer;
import ai.expert.nlapi.v2.edge.AnalyzerConfig;
import ai.expert.nlapi.v2.message.AnalyzeResponse;
import ai.expert.nlapi.v2.model.Category;
import java.util.List;
public class Main {
public static Authentication createAuthentication() throws Exception {
DefaultCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialsProvider();
Authenticator authenticator = new BasicAuthenticator(credentialsProvider);
return new Authentication(authenticator);
}
public static Analyzer createAnalyzer() throws Exception {
return new Analyzer(AnalyzerConfig.builder()
.withVersion(API.Versions.V2)
.withHost(API.DEFAULT_EDGE_HOST)
.withAuthentication(createAuthentication())
.build());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String text = "Michael Jordan was one of the best basketball players of all time. Scoring was Jordan's stand-out skill, but he still holds a defensive NBA record, with eight steals in a half.";
Analyzer analyzer = createAnalyzer();
AnalyzeResponse classification = analyzer.classification(text);
// Output JSON representation
classification.prettyPrint();
// Tab separated list of categories.
System.out.println("Tab separated list of categories:");
List<Category> categories = classification.getData().getCategories();
categories.stream().forEach(c -> System.out.println(c.getId() + "\t" + c.getHierarchy()));
}
catch(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crocodileguy
The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 13:14, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
Crocodileguy
This is a non-notable game. It fails the proposed WP:SOFTWARE. The title and the word "game" get 19 unique search engine hits, none of them worth anything. Prod removed by creator. Erechtheus 14:24, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
* Delete - this is a self-promotion article. Appears to be aimed at getting people to download the game via the external link. Cordless Larry 14:49, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
* I removed the external link because it was a ZIP file, in case it contained a virus. Cordless Larry 15:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
* Delete - Per nom. --Bill.matthews 15:36, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
* Delete - nn Cicadaboy 03:02, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Visit www.talkable.com
Advanced Usage
Overriding default behaviour
1. Create a new fragment in your app which extends TalkableOfferFragment and override methods there. Example:
import com.talkable.sdk.TalkableOfferFragment;
public class OverriddenTalkableOfferFragment extends TalkableOfferFragment {
@Override
public void copyToClipboard(String string) {
super.copyToClipboard(string);
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Text copied!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
1. Pass classes of an activity you want to run a fragment in and the overriden fragment to Talkable.showOffer call:
Talkable.showOffer(activity, affiliateMember, MyFragmentActivity.class, OverridenTalkableOfferFragment.class);
And change the manifest:
<!-- From -->
<activity android:name="com.talkable.sdk.TalkableActivity" />
<!-- To -->
<activity android:name=".MyFragmentActivity" />
Note
You can just override TalkableOfferFragment and use default TalkableActivity from Talkable SDK. In this case you shouldn’t change the manifest (if you did steps from Getting Started section).
Talkable.showOffer(activity, affiliateMember, TalkableActivity.class, OverridenTalkableOfferFragment.class);
Using TalkableOfferFragment directly
To use instance of TalkableOfferFragment you have to implement TalkableOfferFragmentListener interface from TalkableOfferFragment class inside your activity.
import com.talkable.sdk.TalkableOfferFragment.TalkableOfferFragmentListener;
public class MyActivity implements TalkableOfferFragmentListener {
...
@Override
public void onOfferClosed() {
if (mTalkableOfferFragment.isOfferLoaded()) {
finish();
}
}
...
}
Then you should create an origin and pass it to TalkableOfferFragment instance via Bundle. After this you can start using the fragment.
AffiliateMember affiliateMember = new AffiliateMember();
Bundle arguments = new Bundle();
arguments.putParcelable(TalkableOfferFragment.ORIGIN_PARAM, affiliateMember);
TalkableOfferFragment talkableOfferFragment = new TalkableOfferFragment();
talkableOfferFragment.setArguments(arguments); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Visualizing the time-dependence of the Earth's magnetic field
Summary
Visualizing the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. This activity falls under "visualization" of a geophysical field as expressed in spherical harmonics, which has been appreciated by college Freshmen, but also under "programming", targeted to and tried by college Seniors (Geosciences and Physics), since the "product" is both a series of maps that can be viewed and discussed as a movie highlighting the main time-variable features of the Earth's geomagnetic main field, and a Matlab suite of programs that ingests input files with spherical harmonic coefficients and produces the visualizations, and which can be changed by the students (e.g. to look at different reference fields, or to plot different properties than the surface geomagnetic potential.)
Used this activity? Share your experiences and modifications
Learning Goals
The Earth's magnetic field varies on different spatial scales, and on different temporal scales. Students need to learn about the length-scales of the field itself (the difference between the very long-wavelength core-generated field and the much shorter-wavelength crustal field), they also need to learn about the relative contributions of the external versus the internal fields, and lastly, about diurnal variations and longer-term secular variations. Finally, students need to be exposed to the representation of the main field in the basis of spherical harmonics. For the visualization of spherical harmonics, we developed a separate module. As to the visualization of the main field and its variations, this module serves to plot the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (11 editions and counting), which has downloadable spherical harmonic coefficients. A Matlab program loads those coefficients and plot the field in the time-dependent rendition as shown in the animated gif that accompanies this module.
Context for Use
Discussion of the main field and its variations is well within the grasp of the average college Freshman (undeclared majors), which is the target audience for which this module has been developed. But we have also gone into more depth by using the materials for an upper-class course (Seniors majoring in the geosciences) in Global Geophysics. There, the concepts of the Geocentric Axial Dipole can be discussed in a geological context. Also, the presence of "westward drift" is very noticeable in these graphs. And finally, having the students observe what happens to "flux patches" - best embodied by closed contour lines, leads to a theoretical discussion of the "frozen-flux" hypothesis, which underlies much of geomagnetic research today. Understanding this, then, can lead to a discussion of the fundamental equations of Geophysical MagnetoHydroDynamics - in particular, the "magnetic induction equation" which has two clearly identifiable terms, an advective and a diffusive one, with two end-member results (no advection - no diffusion) which are readily grasped by an undergraduate audience. Turn the field generating mechanism off, and Ohmic decay ruins the field (on what time scale)? Focus on advection, and the attached graphs lead into an estimate of the velocity of the convective currents deep inside the Earth.
Description and Teaching Materials
The animations are made by Matlab computer code that is available on our own webpages and also on our GitHub channel (https://github.com/csdms-contrib/slepian_alpha/blob/master/blob.m). They are "open" in the sense that the students can access the code, rerun it (e.g. switching IGRF-10 for IGRF-11 and watching the changes), and also making different plotting choices.
Teaching Notes and Tips
Depending on the level of the students, the focus can be either on "looking" but also on "doing". Looking is easiest: we have shown Freshmen the animated gifs and asked them what the main variability of the main field is. What can be noticed on the maps? What are the main variations? On what time scale do they vary? What does the short time scale of main field variation teach us about the inner workings of the Earth? The main field is generated by convection currents in the outer core of the Earth. What is the time-scale of these currents? How do they compare to the time-scale of variations (convection-generated, also) of the mantle (which is much slower)? Finally, we ask the students why these variations are important - e.g. for navigation, but also for the wider implications of the Geocentric Axial Dipole hypothesis - that over geological time, the main field IS well represented by a simple dipole term. Note that the dipole terms have been removed from the attached animations: What we see is everything that is commonly attributed to the main field without the dipole terms. The software that generates the graphs can be adapted to also show the dipoles of course - in which case the maps become entirely uninteresting.
Assessment
The module shown here, per se, is about "looking" at the field. But we typically give the students an appreciation for the individual terms in the spherical harmonic expansion series by listing explicitly the values for the low-degree terms. The students are then asked to understand what the meaning is of the degree-0 term (not present here), the degree-1 term (the three coefficients that yield the dipole and that can be used in a simple calculation to derive the angle between the Earth's geomagnetic and geographic axes) and so on. Students need to understand the difference between geographic and geomagnetic coordinate systems. Often we ask students to pull out their iPhones and look at the magnetic compass, which has two settings (geographic and geomagnetic) which illustrate precisely this difference. Students are asked to make linkages between these coordinate systems and the basic concepts of inclination and declination, and when we hand out actual compasses, we discuss how they can be adjusted to reflect the local declination at the site of where the compass is being used. Exercises then ask the students to discuss inclination and declination of a simple dipole, evaluate the strength of the field at the equator versus at the pole, calculating the decay time from the derivative coefficients that are tabulated in the IGRF files, and so on. Finally, the module here is a lead-in for the study of simple magnetic anomalies, i.e. dipoles buried at depth, which are of paramount importance for exploring the shallow substructure e.g. in geoarcheology and the exploration of mineral resources.
References and Resources
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Terry Crawford
Terry Crawford may refer to:
* Terrayne Crawford, an American actress,
* Terri Crawford, a Canadian rock singer and children's entertainer. | WIKI |
Tips On How To Cope With Severe Allergies
While there are many different options for dealing with allergies, it can seem like an insurmountable problem for those with constant symptoms during the changing of seasons. Don’t give up on feeling better! Read the tips in this article to find out ways to deal with your allergy symptoms for good.
You do not have to avoid the great outdoors during allergy season. Just make sure you follow your prescribed treatment, and take whatever precautions are necessary to make your outing enjoyable. When you do this, you will be gaining the great effects of fresh air while keeping your allergies at bay.
If you are prescribed allergy medication, take it regularly. Prescription allergy medication often works differently than the standard over-the-counter remedy. While OTC allergy medications are taken as needed, many prescription allergy drugs work by maintaining a constant level of the medication in your system. This means that you need to take your pill every day, preferably at the same time of day.
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If you participate in outdoor activities like camping, jogging or team sports, you may need to wash your workout clothes or uniform more frequently than usual– after every time you wear it, if possible. Some people who are especially sensitive may even become irritated by grass stains, sweat or dirt on their clothing.
READ How To Finally Banish Your Worst Allergies
Know the outdoor plants you are allergic to and check the calendar! You should know this information, if you can plan outdoor activities. This way, you can plan them on what days you should be taking your allergy medicine or packing some with you for the day.
People can be affected by allergies at any age. Many Baby Boomers grew up without access to allergy tests, and other medical resources. They have lived with allergic symptoms for decades. Allergic reactions often manifest differently in seniors than in young people. For example, older adults may experience itching, and mild swelling, but not localized redness. As a result, many assume that the cause of discomfort is something other than allergies. An allergy test can help seniors to identify allergens, and live their golden years to the fullest.
Stay away from small flowers that do not have a lot of color. These flowers are the ones that tend to bother allergies. Larger, brighter flowers, such as the ones that bees and hummingbirds are attracted to, tend to be non-allergenic, so you should be okay around these kinds of flowers.
Nasal irrigation symptoms, like neti pots and non-drowsy antihistamines, like Claritin, are both options for dealing with allergies that are inexpensive and easy. Staying informed about your options is the best way to deal with your allergy symptoms. Remember the tips in this article, so you can stop sneezing constantly! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 August 31
= August 31 =
Problem in a proof
I was reading about Ramsey theory on this page and am stuck on a seemingly trivial point in the proof of Van der Waerden's theorem (It is Theorem 6 in the pdf, page 26 or 28). The problem is this: First we define a function $$\chi:\{1,\cdots M(M'+1)\}\rightarrow \{1,\cdots r\}$$. Then the writer claims that this induces a function $$\chi':\{1,\cdots M'\}\rightarrow \{1\dots r^M\}$$ such that the following condition holds:
* $$\chi'(k)=\chi'(k')\iff \chi(kM+j)=\chi(k'M+j) \forall j\in \{1\cdots M\}$$
What I don't understand is how is the existence of such a function guaranteed. Why is $$r^M$$ large enough to accomodate the various values that numbers from 1 to M' will take while retaining the imposed condition. (Earlier he had stated that M' was the Van der Waerden number for l and $$r^M$$ i.e. if numbers from 1 to M' are assigned into classes from 1 to $$r^M$$ at least l numbers would fall in the same class. I do not know whether this has anything to do with my question.)
I would appreciate any help. Thanks.--Shahab (talk) 07:30, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* Here's my impression of it: he wants you to take the long sequence of colors in blocks, and treat each smaller sequence of colors within a block like a single more complicated color. So, say the integers 1-20 were colored with the numbers 1-3. We could have, for instance,<PHONE_NUMBER>1213233312. You could imagine this instead as coloring the integers 1-5 with the numbers 1111-3333 where the digits are all 1's, 2's and 3's. In other words, (1311)(2131)(2212)(1323)(3312). Since there are 3^4 colors of that form, we could relabel them with the numbers 1-81. Two integers are colored the same precisely when their blocks of colors are the same, which in symbols is what he wrote. He also seems to leave off a bit at the beginning of the original sequence, since he doesn't need all of it. You'll notice his condition only applies to terms in the original sequence with index at least M+1. Black Carrot (talk) 23:45, 2 September 2008 (UTC)
Sine Law Ambiguous Case
Hello. Are imaginary solutions possible if a < b sin A like if the discriminant in the quadratic formula is negative? Thanks in advance. --Mayfare (talk) 19:20, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* I do not understand your question. a cannot be smaller than b sin A. Secondly what quadratic formula? I do not see any quadratic formula. I think you assumed that other people know what you know about the problem. If there is a method of determining a than you may have to show us. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:56, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* OK. I am assuming that you are looking at the equation $$\scriptstyle \sin B = (b/a)\sin A$$ which comes from the sine law. If $$\scriptstyle a<b\sin A$$ then there are no real solutions for B to this equation. Yes, there would be solutions in the complex plane, but they would not be of interest if you are looking at the geometric problem (though they would probably be relevant to some appropriate geometric generalization). And you are right, that this is analogous to the situation with the quadratic formula, in the sense that many equations that have no real solutions will have complex solutions. Oded (talk) 23:02, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
Geometrical problems often lead to equations where only the real solutions make sense. The equation sin x = a has real solutions when a is a real number and |a| ≤ 1, say, a = 1/2. Otherwise it has non-real complex solutions that cannot be interpreted as angles. The equation sin x = 2 has a solution x ≈ 1.571 + 1.317i. Bo Jacoby (talk) 11:39, 1 September 2008 (UTC). | WIKI |
Optimizing Your Testosterone
The difference between testosterone esters.
Is there a significant difference between testosterone enanthate and testosterone cypionate?
Is there a between Grape Seed oil and Cotton Seed oil as a suspension base?
California, Los Angelas, Orange County Low-T and Dallas Texas Testosterone
Optimizing Testosterone: Know Your Testosterone Injectables: Testosterone Cypionate, Enanthate, Undecanoate, Propionate, Sustanon and Aquaviron.
Sustanon is a well-known medical drug to treat men with low testosterone levels. Sustanon is an oil base injectable anabolic steroid, similar to testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate. Sustanon, however, is composed of a combination of four testosterone esters. Each testosterone ester that comprise the medication Sustanon has a different half life and therefore may promote a more steady state release of testosterone from the injection site.
i) Testosterone propionate,
ii) Testosterone phenylpropionate,
iii) Testosterone isocaproate
iv) Testosterone decanoate
Much of the testosterone that is prescribed today is in the form of a testosterone ester. An ester is compound that is added to testosterone to prolong its half life and viability in the body. Pure testosterone, if injected, has a very short half-life, lasting in the body for only a few hours. Aquaviron is a testosterone suspension (unesterified testosterone suspended in a water base) and must be injected daily in order to maintain a steady concentration and elevated level of testosterone in the body. Aquaviron has the consistency of water and can be injected into the body via a small 27-guage or 28-gauge needle. Daily injection to testosterone would not only be uncomfortable but tedious to perform. Therefore, esters are added to testosterone to prolong the half-life and slow the release of testosterone from the injection site allowing some injections to last up to 10 weeks. There are a variety of testosterone esters and all have different half-lives. Examples of testosterone esters include testosterone enanthate, cypionate, acetate, propionate, phenylpropionate, isocaproate, caproate, decanoate, and undecanoate.
Sustanan is blend of 4 testosterone esters. Sustanon is prescribed outside the United States and combines both fast acting and slow acting testosterone esters (long and short half-lives). Sustanon is proclaimed to provide a more “even” level of testosterone administration without the peaks and troughs found with short acting testosterone esters.
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Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone Cypionate are the most prescribed forms of testosterone in the United States today. They both release testosterone over an 8-10-day duration and achieve a 400% increase in testosterone above baseline within 24-36 hours after injection. Most patients will inject Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate once a week or every two weeks. The more experienced patient may inject testosterone twice weekly to achieve more supra-physiologic level of testosterone. Both Testosterone Cypionate and Testosterone Enanthate tend to be interchangeable in medical practice, and very seldom can patients feel any difference between the two forms of testosterone.
Testosterone Cypionate and Testosterone Enanthate are suspended in an oil base consisting of Cotton Seed Oil or Grape Seed Oil. While most novice patients do not have a preference between the suspension oil, more experienced patients may prefer Grape Seed oil provided it may be less viscous and have less of allergic response compared to Cotton Seed Oil. There is not scientific evidence or studies that would advocate either oil base over another.
Choosing the right testosterone formulation is imperative to obtain the desired results while on TRT. To optimize your testosterone replacement therapy regimen or to begin therapy under the guidance of a certified urologist consult with a Regenx Health specialist today.
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Vijaya Mulay
Vijaya Mulay (16 May 1921 – 19 May 2019) was a documentary filmmaker, film historian, writer, educationist and researcher.
She was lovingly called Akka in film circles. Her close friendships with Satyajit Ray, Louis Malle, Mrinal Sen and other film personalities gave her a unique perspective into Indian cinema and influenced her work. Her body of work has shaped how India is viewed by Indian and non-Indian filmmakers. She is the mother of National Award winning actor Suhasini Mulay and Atul Gurtu the high energy physicist is her son-in-law. Vijaya Mulay is remembered for her animation film Ek Anek Aur Ekta which won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film.
Life and career
Vijaya Mulay was born in Bombay, India.
Bombay, Patna, Bihar
In 1940, Vijaya accompanied her husband when he was transferred to Patna, Bihar. Compared to the cosmopolitan Bombay the pre-independence Patna seemed to her like a place from another universe. But Patna University allowed women to study privately and Vijaya enrolled for a bachelor's degree.
English films were shown half price on Sunday mornings at the city theatres known as Bioscopes. Vijaya began her love affair with the medium and started grasping the idiom of cinema.
Patna to Leeds, UK
In 1946 she won a state scholarship to study in University of Leeds, UK for master's degree in Education.
While there, Vijaya realised that the ordinary Britisher was hardly like the English "Burra Saabs" (Great Masters) back in India.
From an interview with Vijaya Mulay on her days in the UK – ''I had gone to Britain, with an anti-colonial distaste for the British people and with the sole purpose of studying for my degree. I was on my guard, ready to take offence at the slightest insult or remark derogatory to me or to India, whether imagined or real. But I soon found out that the ordinary English people were hardly like the 'Burra Sahibs' that one saw back home.''
On post-war cinema in UK – ''The Workers’ Unity Theatre played to full houses. Films from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe ran often. I saw film classics, experimental films, and socialist cinema. I also gained a better perspective and understanding of the cinematic art by joining the university film society. Film viewing, once a casual pastime, became my serious passion.''
1959: Satyajit Ray and India's first Film Society
Vijaya returned to Patna in 1949 and actively worked in the local film society. In 1954, she moved to New Delhi when Government of India appointed her as an Education Officer. Vijaya also found time to open Delhi Film Society and in 1959, eight film societies came together to form Federation of Film Societies of India with Satyajit Ray as the founding president and Vijaya Mulay and the critic Chidanand Das Gupta as joint secretaries.
After the passing away of Satyajit Ray, Vijaya was appointed the President of FFSI.
Film Censor Board of India, Louis Malle and The Tidal Bore
In 1962 Vijaya was deputed to Bombay to work at the Central Board of Film Certification.
From an interview with Vijaya Mulay – ''For five years I sat as the presiding officer with other four members from an approved panel that judged Indian and foreign films. It gave me an insight into the biases of panellists that coloured their judgement of a film's suitability for public viewing. My work with the Film Censor Board proved a mixed blessing. I had to see films that ordinarily I would have walked out of in sheer boredom. ''
In 1966 Vijaya was transferred to Calcutta and the following year Louis Malle came to the city with a French film delegation. When they met Malle had an instant dislike towards the woman censor officer. The dislike blossomed into a close friendship that lasted till Louis Malle's death in 1995.
Both Satyajit Ray and Louis Malle helped Vijaya in making her first film – 'The Tidal Bore' (about the 15 feet tidal bore coming from Bay of Bengal like a wall of water on the Hooghly River). Malle sent negative stock from France and Ray voiced the commentary.
Government of India selected 'The Tidal Bore' as the official entry to the Mannheim Film Festival. Later Film Federation of India screened the film in theatres across the country.
Multimedia, UNICEF and CET/NCERT
When US loaned India its ATS-6 satellite (ATS-6 had one video and two audio channels) UNICEF hired Vijaya to produce test modules for children in the 6 to 9 age group. In 1975, Vijaya was asked to head the CET – Center for Educational Technology to prepare educational films for broadcast to over 2400 villages in rural districts and programming in 4 languages.
Ek Anek Aur Ekta, the 1974 animation film scripted and directed by Vijaya Mulay and produced by Center for Educational Technology is very popular amongst the many generations of Indians.
The CET, NCERT projects equipped her to later continue research on the field of education and on using media for development.
After her retirement from NCERT, Vijay took up a benchmark survey of distance education in Indian universities and collected data from 23 (out of the 25) universities that were then providing such education. This work was finished in 1983.
The next 3 years, Vijaya worked as the Project Coordinator at the University Grants Commission and was responsible for the program Countrywide Classroom for undergraduates.
From Rajahs and Yogis to Gandhi and Beyond: images of India in International Films of the 20th century
While going through some of Louis Malle's letters Vijaya realised how India had changed him. Similar experiences of Jean Renoir while making The River, and Roberto Rossellini prompted her to find out what about India excites and motivates the non-Indians, especially the filmmakers.
From Rajahs and Yogis to Gandhi and Beyond: India in International Cinema was released by Seagull books in August 2008 and by the University of Chicago Press the same year.
Excerpt from the first chapter of 'From Rajahs and Yogis to Gandhi'
''The little Gangotri, from where the river Ganga (the Ganges) emerges is a small rill; it becomes the majestic river Ganga as more rivers join it to expand its basin and flow. My project too has followed a similar path and has become bigger and bigger though unlike Ganga, it is neither majestic nor holy. I look upon this study as a personal journey of a film buff to understand what India meant to different people at different points of time as expressed in films.''
Accolades
* The Government of India honoured Vijaya Mulay with the V. Shantaram Award for Lifetime Achievement for documentaries at the Mumbai International Film Festival – MIFF, 2002.
* Vikram Sarabhai Life Time Achievement award for educational communication in 1999.
* President of the Federation of Film Societies of India.
* Led the Indian Educational Technology Mission to the USA in 1975.
* Member Secretary of the Education commission for Goa and other former Portuguese territories in 1962.
* Developed a multimedia package through SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment) for training of more than 48,000 primary school teachers. Widely considered to be a path-breaking program in the area of educational technology.
* Several of her films received National awards and awards at International Film Festivals including Delhi, New York, Teheran. | WIKI |
Tianjin Climate Exchange
Tianjin Climate Exchange (TCX) is a domestic carbon market cap-and-trade scheme exchange. Jeff Huang is assistant chairman of Tianjin Climate Exchange and vice-president of Chicago Climate Exchange.
It is China's first integrated exchange for trading of environmental financial instruments
TCX is a joint venture between Chicago Climate Exchange, the municipal government of Tianjin and the asset management unit of PetroChina, the country's largest oil and gas producer.
Cap-and-trade schemes are programs under which member companies commit to lowering their greenhouse gas emissions by a certain amount in a certain period of time and trade carbon credits generated by this. As China does not have a national cap on emissions, any such scheme would be voluntary, similar to the situation in the US when the Chicago Climate Exchange launched in 2003.
History
On September 25, 2008, Tianjin Climate Exchange, co-established by CNPC Assets Management Co., Ltd. (holding a 53% stake), Tianjin Property Rights Exchange (北方产权交易市场) (holding a 22% stake), and Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) (holding a 25% stake), was unveiled in the Tianjin Binhai New Area.
At the request of the State Council, Tianjin Climate Exchange is established as China's first comprehensive platform for trading carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism, and will promote environmental protection and emission reduction by means of market and financial measures.
Tianjin Climate Exchange has the following goals: to help enterprises cost-effectively reduce emissions of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, etc.; to help enterprises achieve maximum energy efficiency at minimum cost; to help enterprises manage environmental risks and meet increasing disclosure requirements; and to provide enterprises with integrated international emissions market access and experience.
In 2006, Tianjin Binhai New Area was designed by the State Council of the PRC as the national experimental zone for comprehensive reforms related to financial innovation, land and administrative management.
China's Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006–10) called for cutting energy consumption per unit of GDP up to 20 percent by 2010 while reducing major pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) by 10 percent.[3]
Tianjin Property Rights Exchange
TPRE was launched in 1994, under government approval. It is a government agent under the charge of Tianjin SASAC and is the only appointed exchange authorized by Tianjin SASAC for state-owned assets and equities transaction. It is one of three national institutions permitted by SASAC to transact assets and equities of SOEs under control of central government.[2]
Trade products and services
Greenhouse gas emissions trading Energy efficiency market product trading Emissions trading based on mandatory government targets Carbon neutral trading and other forms of voluntary carbon reduction trading International trade in greenhouse gas emissions Trading of emission rights for major pollutants Sulfur dioxide emissions trading Chemical oxygen demand emission trading Emissions trading of nitrogen oxides and other pollutants Comprehensive services for energy conservation and emission reduction Integrated services for clean development mechanism (CDM) projects Integrated services for contract energy management (EMC) projects Low carbon solution design for region, industry and project Other advisory services Trading product development and design Emission trading product development and design Development and design of environmental financial derivatives | WIKI |
The Air Fight
By MORGAN ROBERTSON ITH England involved in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905, and her big battle-ship Argyll actively engaged in the blockade of Port Albert, it was in the nature of things that Germany should, sooner or later, poise a chip on her shoulder to be knocked off by the allies. And, according to wireless news received by the Argyll from Weihaiwei, this chip was in the form of certain long, pointed gas-bags, with car and motor attachments, constructed on the latest German designs, and shipped to Port Albert from Berlin via the Siberian Railway. The Argyll, having sent the news up the long semicircle of ships to the flag-ship, prepared to do her part in knocking off the chip, and later received the signaled message that the Japanese, encamped on the hills back of the town, were doing still better—that they had acquired, and successfully tested two air-ships of different design—neither aerostat, nor gas-bag, like those of the Russians, but aeroplanes, machines heavier than air, that lifted themselves by the power of machinery. Things promised to be more interesting; the tedium of the long blockade might be enlivened by a battle in the air. But when a later message was wig-wagged down the line that a Russian aerostat had sallied out from Port Albert, settled within the imaginary inverted cone above the flag-ship's gun-elevation, and dropped several explosive bombs, none of which, however, had penetrated her protective deck, the incident was regarded as potential. A spectacular battle of air-ships—an innovation in modern war—was one thing, but bombs from above were another. Even though protective decks protected, one of these, dropped down a funnel, would reach the ship's vitals unimpeded; and if boilers could be punctured in this manner, battle-ships and blockades must go out of fashion.
The men of the Argyll grew serious-minded, and while the artisan class labored to elevate the trunnions of a six-inch gun-mount on the superstructure—the Argyll's preparation for the chip—the rest read old letters, wrote new ones, or entered up journals, and Old Man Finnegan, as was usual with him under conditions that would impel the average to heavier drinking, forswore his peculiar privilege and took the pledge. Up to a certain point there resulted the usual effect upon his nerves—followed afterward by a curious psychical state in which nervousness was replaced by a ready combativeness, and a large and demonstrative critical faculty. His ordinarily benign old countenance took on an expression of fierce displeasure, and his gentle voice a note of angry protest with a slight reversion to the brogue of his boyhood.
After two days of reform his shipmates begged him to backslide, and the chaplain, who had taken his pledge, came in for some pointed comment from the officers; for Finnegan, though guilty of no offense that would consign him to the brig, or ship's prison, yet had become one whose translation to a better clime would mean the abatement of a nuisance. But before anything was done about it, Finnegan, as a focus of interest, gave way to others—one the raised and freely swinging six-inch gun on the superstructure, the other a round, black spot in the southwestern sky, which grew larger as the men on the Argyll studied it. From the ships up the line came puffs and sparks, and, presumably, shot and shell sang past the advancing object in the air. But it was not disturbed; it came steadily on toward the end of the line—toward the Argyll, the strongest ship on the blockade.
“Picked us out—of all this fleet,” growled Mr. Clarkson, the first lieutenant. “And Finnegan dead sober,” he added in a whisper.
“It's an aerostat,” commented the captain, as he studied the spot, now about five miles away, and apparently half a mile high. “An elongated balloon with a car and a motor. Looks like a boat—that car. And Finnegan is sober, you say?"
“Beastly sober, sir,” answered the executive, biting his lip at the response to his whisper.
The captain turned and looked squarely into the eyes of his executive officer, who, after returning his gaze for a moment, slowly nodded his head—once. But nothing more was said about Finnegan.
Finnegan sober was a mental, moral, and physical ruin—an affliction to his fellow-men; moderately stimulated, he was the most intelligent and efficient man of the ship's company; drunk, he was an oracle, an interpreter and exponent of occult facts and forces—one whose apparently irresponsible and fortuitous performances had saved the ship from disaster on many occasions. Hence his privilege of drinking: hence the hidden interest in his condition betrayed by the lords of the quarter-deck.
The men went to quarters, and the Argyll roared and thundered at the menace in the sky; but at extreme elevation gun-sights and range-finders were useless, and only from the one raised and quickly handled six-inch gun on the superstructure could results be hoped for. Soon the useless waste of ammunition ceased—only the six-inch gun, swinging freely in a vertical plane, and aimed by a gunner flat on his back beneath it, barked and spat at the aerostat, which, maintaining its original height, came swiftly along untouched by the solid shot sent upward. As it drew near, the men on the deck of the Argyll made out details of its construction—a car formed of a boat, that would float if the contrivance should fall; a large, screw-fan wheel whirling at the rear end of the long, pointed gas-bag; a vertical and horizontal rudder behind this screw; amidships on each side of the car two large aeroplanes, or wings, evidently to draw the machine downward while under motion; and to give individuality to the whole, the blue cross of Russia flying from a flag-staff at the stem of the boat.
Focused by a dozen glasses, and a target for a dozen shots a minute, it passed overhead, and some who had glasses shouted an involuntary warning. A stream of small, black objects was descending, and a sympathetic shudder went through the ship's company, while those who could see pulled their shoulders up, and together. This form of warfare was new.
The Argyll was steaming at full speed—her only possible defense; and when the first black object arrived it struck and exploded a hundred yards on the starboard quarter, the next nearer astern, the next nearer still; then the line of explosions traversed the wake, and ceased, while the air-ship went on. The Argyll had seventy feet beam; the bombs fell about a rod apart. Had that line of explosions crossed her hull, two at least would have struck her. Her protective deck was but two inches thick at its central and horizontal part. A solid piece of metal, falling half a mile, would go through it and her unarmored bottom; enough of them could puncture every compartment and sink her like a tin sieve. A five-million-dollar battle-ship, with every resource that modern science could put into her, would be helpless beneath a gas bag and a cargo of scrap-iron. The Argyll, realizing this, charged and scurried about like a gallied whale. The aerostat above did not seem to realize the possibilities, or else its cargo was limited. It went on, turned, and came back on a descending plane, pulled down by the slanting wings.
A stream of descending bombs crossed the bow, nearer than before, with the Argyll panting and fuming under reversed engines, and the six-inch gun voicing the ship's rage and sending upward its stream of solid shot. Back came the aerostat, still descending, and men frantically disconnected one-pounders and machine-guns, holding them in their arms while others charged and fired them. Nearer and nearer came the enemy, and lower—too low. Something—no one knew what gun sent it—hit her before the next stream began. There were only a few small flying fragments to indicate the success of the shot; but it was soon plain that vital damage was done, for the aeroplanes were straightened, the course changed, and, rising for a time at an angle of fifty degrees, the aerostat, steering wild, headed for land under full speed. A hoarse, inarticulate cheer went up from the Argyll, while some officers and a score of men throughout the ship sat down or stretched out flat. Courage is cumulative; they would do better next time. As it was, only one intrepid soul among those seven hundred men rose superior to this new horror of war. In the hush that followed the cheer, Finnegan's voice could be heard, disputatiously asserting that he had fired the lucky shot.
The aerostat was followed by glasses and was seen to alight in a clear spot about a mile inland, where the beach timber met the scattered bush of the foot-hills; and as the ad vantage gained was too important to be lost, a landing-party was ordered, and Mr. Clark son, after another soul-laden look into the captain's eyes, decreed that Finnegan should go with it. As the cutlassed, white-clad men lined up at the gangway to be inspected, Finnegan, at the end of the line, protested his disgust by so ireful a face as to attract the first lieutenant's attention.
“What's wrong with you?” he inquired sharply, as he paused before the old fellow. “Look pleasant. Your face would sour a jug of vinegar.”
“I'm cowld, sir,” answered Finnegan, with as much of a snarl in his voice as the ship's etiquette would permit. “It's a cowld day brought three swarthy, scowling, blue-clad to sind min out in white ducks, sir. And I'm Russians, who the sober-faced first lieuten- an owld man, sir, to be sint retrievin' flyin'-machines.”
“Cold, are you?” said the lieutenant with a smile, while his hand wandered to a projection in his pocket. “Well, I'll warm you up when I get you ashore. Over the side with you!”
Finnegan, grumbling to himself, descended after the rest, and Mr. Clarkson followed to command the party.
Long before the landing-party returned to the Argyll, the aerostat was seen slowly rising above the trees. Up it went, higher and higher, until, at about a mile's altitude, a current of air must have caught it—for the screw-fan, seen through glasses, was motionless—and wafted it seaward, but in a direction away from the Argyll. That ship's officers watched it closely, and when it was fairly clear of the land they saw a small cloud of smoke float away from the car; then they saw something leave it and descend—something white, that turned over and over and reached out as it turned, sprawling and clutching at emptiness. It struck the water; they saw the splash, but no more; and when they looked again at the aerostat it was a spot—high in air.
When the boat-party finally appeared, it brought three swarthy, scowling, blue-clad Russians, who the sober-faced first lieutenant announced were the crew of the aerostat. They were inspected, found ignorant of English, and confined below, while Mr. Clarkson made his report. The landing-party had come upon the aerostat on the shore, he said; they had charged upon the crew, who were repairing damaged steering-gear, and who sprang out at their approach. The aerostat, relieved of their weight, had broken its moorings, rising with its commander and one of the attacking party who had sprung into the car. And this one was Finnegan, who, yelling like a lunatic, had led the charge ahead of them all.
“How was the Russian commander dressed?” asked the captain eagerly.
“In blue—coat and trousers,” answered Mr. Clarkson sadly. “It was Finnegan who fell, sir. We saw him. He was in white ducks, like the rest. There was a fight up there, of course—and Finnegan is a feeble old man.”
“Not necessarily feeble,” said the captain. “He's an Irishman, and a trained British sailor. Did you give him—that?” he added, ignoring the conventionalities of the service.
“Yes, sir, and he dashed it to the ground. He was more than insolent—but I am not criticising, understand, sir. He accused me of trying to break down his good resolutions. He complained of the cold, and railed at the uniform of the day. I could do nothing with him.”
“Well,” said the captain resignedly, “he's done for. He could hold his own with any Russian in an ordinary fight, but—there was gun-play up there—we saw the smoke—and he was very likely shot down. He had nothing but a cutlass, I suppose—like the rest. It was a mistake, Mr. Clarkson. Landing-parties should carry pistols.”
But other matters soon claimed the attention of the captain and the executive. Distant gun-fire was heard, and the signal came down for the Argyll to join the flagship Nagasaki, at the harbor-mouth. She gave steam to her engines, but there were neither gun-fire, flag-ship, nor fleet when she arrived at the harbor. There were the torpedo flotilla, and a few of the small, fast cruisers—all scurrying about at full speed; but the fleet, as a whole, had scattered to the horizon. The flag-ship, Nagasaki, a monster nearly as heavy as the Argyll, lay well within the circle, flying at one yard-arm the signal that had scattered them, from the other an appeal to the Argyll, whose victory of the morning was known and whose freely swinging six-inch gun was needed. Hovering above the scurrying torpedo flotilla were two immense gas-bags, seeking a perpendicular, and dropping occasional bombs, while over toward the harbor-mouth, higher in air and motionless, was a third—each flying the ensign of Russia from the flag-staff in the stern of the car.
“Finnegan's death is portentous,” said the captain; “for his work is done. Those expiring bombs sound the doom of the battle-ship.”
“Unless they're armored on deck, sir,” assented the practical first lieutenant.
“At great expense of side-armor and armament. They will cease to be battle-ships.”
“They can survive the submarine, sir. Why not the flying-machine?”
“Only by speed, at the same sacrifice. No, we shall not return to wooden walls—iron is cheaper. But we must return to personal prowess. The submarine, as a war-engine, will die out with the battle-ship; but for a time, battles may be fought in the air.”
“Beginning to-day, perhaps,” tersely answered the lieutenant. “Look there, sir.”
With a sweeping gesture he pointed shoreward, and all glasses were focused on what he had seen—two black specks rising from the hills inland, where was encamped the Japanese army. They ceased to rise and grew larger, taking on form and identity; curious corners and protections appeared to view. One looked in perspective like a diamond-shaped kite sailing through the air, its car and attachments hidden within the outline, the other like nothing so much as a window-blind on end, with a fish-like hull balanced through the middle, and huge twin fans whirling in hollows in the row of slats, or planes, on each side of the hull. There was no wind, the calm sea was unruffled save by the wash from the moving war-ships, yet these machines came speedily on, supported by the cushioned air beneath, as a swift skater is supported by yielding ice. And as they cleared the land, the third Russian aerostat, near the harbor-mouth, that had been slowly settling, shot up to a higher and safer elevation, but took no lateral motion.
“Something seems to be wrong with that fellow,” remarked the captain. “If I'm not mistaken, it's the one we fought this morning, and her steering-gear is still out of order.”
“Very likely, sir,” answered Mr. Clarkson. “I could see but one man in the car when I looked a moment ago; her commander, I suppose, working alone at the gear.”
“Begin with that gun of ours, Mr. Clarkson.”
At a half-mile's distance the six-inch gun commenced barking, and by this time the Japanese air-ships were over the water, the sea-fleet was a line of specks on the horizon, and the flag-ship, assured that the Argyll was at hand, was a lessening silhouette, following the fleet. But the swift and elusive torpedo contingent remained faithfully on the blockade, and their swiftness and elusiveness must have become apparent to the Russians in charge of the gas-bags coincidently with the singing around them of the Argyll's six-inch projectiles, for they changed tactics. One headed out to sea after the flag-ship, and the other came on to meet the Argyll, while the torpedo-craft slowed down and blew off steam. But the aerostat over near the harbor-mouth, though settling slowly as before, made no present effort to enter the fight.
At full speed went the Argyll, and at full speed came the big gas-bag to meet her; but faster still came the Japanese aeroplanes, the “window-blind” in the rear of the kite, as though retarded by the increased air-friction of its fish-like hull The kite was flying higher, and at a speed that in a few moments brought it, the Russian gas-bag, and the English battle-ship in a vertical line, with an upward pelting of solid shot and a downward rain of bombs. None of these struck, above or below; and the kite, unable by the nature of its construction to slow down or turn quickly, went on out to sea after the Russian gas bag that had headed for the Nagasaki, while the Argyll and the gas-bag both wheeled about to begin the dodging tactics demanded by this form of warfare. But they were hardly begun before ended. The window-blind was coming at a faster speed than the gas-bag could attain. They met a quarter of a mile away on the Argyll's beam, and about an eighth of a mile above the water. The gas-bag vainly strove to dodge, but failed; for the window-blind could do what the kite had not been able to do—slow down; and soon the collision occurred. The pointed nose of the fish-like hull of the Japanese craft impinged upon the huge envelope of the gas-bag, and it bent like a sausage; then it shrank, shriveled, and became a large rag in the air—a floating, falling rag, dragged down by its car and cargo. But an edge or shred of its cloth must have caught on some projection from the pointed nose of the window-blind, for the latter dipped and followed its victim, the shutter-like row of planes horizontal and useless, the twin fans reversed, but powerless to support the double load. Together they reached the sea, where, after the splash, the fish-like hull could be seen floating. And, however the combat may have been continued and determined in the water by possible survivors, it was certain that these two had ceased to be air-ships; and the lesson was conclusively borne home to the interested watchers that ramming is as suicidal in mid-air as upon the surface of the sea.
Leaving the survivors to the care of the converging torpedo-boats, the Argyll rushed seaward to where there promised to be another mix—where the fleeing Nagasaki was being pursued by the faster gas-bag, and both by the still faster Japanese kite. But this mix was over with before the Argyll had made half the distance. The watchers on her bridge saw the beginning—the wheeling about in air of the gas-bag, the lengthening and foreshortening of the silhouette on the horizon that told of the flag-ship's frantic dodging, and the descending swoop of the kite as it approached. Then they saw a dense and expanding white cloud burst out and hover above the flag-ship; and it was evident to all that it was steam—that it came from nothing less than exploded boilers; and before it had thinned there belched upward another cloud—yellow and shaded with darker hues of brown, the visible index of sudden and incomplete combustion, as of gun-cotton, smokeless powder, and such high explosives, detonated in a scant supply of oxygen. Suddenly the silhouette of the flag-ship changed form; the stumpy masts became shorter, and inclined at an angle; the broken line of the deck and superstructure became a convex, curving up from the sea, obliterating the shortening masts; then, in the space of five minutes' time, the convexed form had sunk like the upper limb of the setting sun, and all that remained of the Nagasaki was the lessening cloud in the air. But, high above the smoke, as though pushed up by the explosion, was the Russian gas-bag that had destroyed her, and, wheeling away to the right, the kite-shaped Japanese aeroplane, both apparently uninjured.
“A floating mine,” gasped the captain, as he lowered his glass, “or a bomb down a funnel—which?” Then he turned the glass astern.
“The last, I think, captain,” said the pale but ever practical Mr. Clarkson. “In either case, you're right, sir. Battle-ships must go.”
“And this ship the next, no doubt. Look there.” The captain pointed to where he had directed the glass.
Lower down, and but a few miles away, steering erratically, but making a fairly straight course through the air, was the aerostat they had left at the harbor-mouth—now following the Argyll.
“Turn that gun on her as soon as there is a chance of hitting her,” said the captain.
This chance did not come right away. The pursuing aerostat seemed to have trouble other than that of defective steering-gear, or else it was less interested in the Argyll than in the two aerial gladiators ahead of her; for, having settled perilously close to the water, it suddenly shot upward, not only out of range, but to a point from which its onward flight, at its rate of settling, would be high overhead. Yet, as it passed over, it became a target for the six-inch gun.
As the Argyll stormed along, the movements of the two fighting air-ships became plainer. They were darting back and forth, passing each other, the Japanese aeroplane always above, but the Russian gas-bag seemingly not anxious to attain this point of vantage. Instead, it seemed satisfied with hovering long at the turn, only taking motion when the near approach of the huge kite rendered it wise to quickly pass the dangerpoint Occasional eruptions of the sea beneath proved that bombs were dropping; and the logical inference was that they came from the Japanese. But, as the Argyll drew near, it was seen that the Russian crew of the gas bag was depending upon other, more mundane, methods of warfare, which explained the long waits at the turning-points. Little white clouds left the boat-like car at these moments, when, with the kite in full view beneath the huge envelope of gas-bag, aim could be taken with rifles by the Russians.
And that rifle-balls went truer than falling bombs was demonstrated when the Argyll had approached to within a mile, for there was a puff and a flare from the car of the kite, then a flickering gleam of red which seemed to come from all parts of it, then a sudden blazing effulgence and a larger cloud of smoke. And when this had thinned, the great kite had disappeared from view—only a dark cluster of falling dots was left to indicate the combination of gasoline, rifle-ball, and single aeroplane. Then, before these dots had struck the water, and in the face of the six-inch gun-fire, the victorious Russian gas-bag turned back to meet the Argyll, while its distressed sister aerostat, that had in the meantime settled close to the sea, again rose in the air, a number of explosions beneath proving the nature of the ballast expended, while the suddenness of the ascent showed the lack of compensation in the gas-pressure. It paused at a half-mile elevation, and drifted slowly in an upper current. But, at a point directly in the rear of its oncoming sister ship, its troubles seemed to leave it. It took motion, swooped to the right and the left, and then settled down to a course that was straight in comparison with its previous flights.
By this time the Russian gas-bag had arrived, a very active and aggressive enemy, flushed with victory, and bent upon adding the Argyll to its list of lost and sunken ships; and it began operations at once. There ensued more undignified dodging, the air ship chasing around and dropping bombs, the big battle-ship clumsily charging, backing, and turning to starboard and port while pelting the heavens with six-inch shot.
But with only eighteen-knot speed the Argyll could not long avoid a thirty-knot airship in a calm. The huge, dun-colored bag above her dipped lower with each returning flight. They could see the heads of men, peering down—could distinguish the interlacing network of cordage supporting the car, and, in the lull of stopped engines, and between the barks of the six-inch gun, could faintly hear the humming of the fan-wheel screw.
The falling bombs struck nearer with each passage overhead. One demolished a boat, another just missed the bridge, then one struck and exploded alongside of the six-inch gun, dismounting it and killing most of its crew; and, as though the big ship were not helpless enough with this gun out of action, a larger bomb exploded squarely on deck near the stern, shattered through it, punctured the protective deck below, and crippled the steering-gear. As the anxious contingent on the bridge received word of this through the pilot-house windows, they saw that the recently distressed aerostat, as big, as swift, as menacing as the first, was but a half-mile distant, rushing down to the conflict like a monster bird of prey—dropping, even as it came, a stream of dark objects.
But the victor did not wait for a helper to share the victory. Taking full speed and inclining its aeroplanes, or wings, it wheeled about in a descending spiral, the edge of which covered the center of the ship, where were three vulnerable funnels—three open, ten-foot holes that led to the vitals. Lower and lower it came with each circling flight, sending down that murderous hail, and reckless of the upward discharge of small projectiles sent from machine-guns in the arms of men. But while these men were falling in groups from the explosions on deck, and the deadly missiles were approaching perilously near to the funnels, the gas-bag above ceased to be a gas-bag. It shrank and shriveled, doubled and collapsed as had the first, and coincidently with the sound of smashing glass from the engine-room skylight, and the rushing by, just over the trucks, of the remaining terror of the air, it became a floating rag, and fell to the sea astern of the battle-ship. Then, shrill and penetrating over the dwindling cadence of the cheer that followed, came a cry from above:
“Help—hellup! Don't shoot!”
And the distracted men of the Argyll looked up and saw the rushing aerostat, from which occasional dark objects were still falling, dive downward until the car floated on the sea in the path of the ship; and the sustaining gas-bag, relieved of its weight, but collapsing, waved to and fro above it.
The ship continued along, past objects floating on the sea—small boxes, tin cans, pieces of broken board, and a couple of empty bottles—and stopped when the single occupant of the car was visible to her crew. From this person strident calls came faintly over the water to their ears: “Help—hellup! Take me out!” And at once a boat, manned by hilarious men, put out from the ship.
They rescued—Finnegan, drunk, dressed in the blue uniform of a Russian officer, and holding a newly opened bottle of vodka in his hand; and they brought him, bottle and all, into the presence of the captain and officers. Repressed by the presence of his superiors, Finnegan looked stupidly but smilingly around, and the officers, struggling to maintain their gravity, eyed him silently, waiting for the captain to speak. But the captain was serious in his manner, and his glance wandered from the face of the old man to that of the chief engineer, who seemed to have something on his mind.
“Captain,” he said, stepping forward and holding up to view the broken neck of a bottle similar to that held by Finnegan, “I was on deck when this went through the skylight, and I found it later on the second grating of the port engine. It first went through that air-ship, sir, and it saved the Argyll; for those bombs would have gone down the funnels in a half-minute more. This bottle came from above.”
The captain compared the fragment with the neck of Finnegan's bottle, then turned to the executive officer and said, with assumed sternness: “Mr. Clarkson, I must request that you will not in the future, directly or indirectly, supply Finnegan with liquor. Let him work out his—and our—salvation in his own way. Finnegan,” he said, with a deeper assumption of sternness, “did you mend the steering-gear?”
“After a fashion, sir,” answered Finnegan, who seemed to be sobering under the mental strain. “I cud steer, but I cudn't make the dom thing stay up widout tassing out hardware and—things.”
“And the air-ship's commander—where is he?”
“I tassed him out, sir. He tuk me up in me white ducks, an' it was cowld, mighty cowld, up there; an' I axed him for his coat, an' he wudn't give up, so I shtripped him down to his white underclo's; then I axed him for somethin' to drink, an' he wudn't, but come for me wid a gun. Thin I tassed him.” | WIKI |
CARDING SPECIALISTS (CANADA) LIMITED, Plaintiff, v. LUMMUS COTTON GIN CO., Aldrich Machine Works, and A. P. Aldrich, Jr., Defendants.
Civ. A. No. 974.
United States District Court M. D. Georgia, Columbus Division.
Aug. 27, 1964.
James E. Nolan, Norris & Bateman, Washington, D. C., Sol E. Abrams, Greenville, S. C., and Kenneth M. Henson, Kelly, Champion & Henson, Columbus, Ga., for plaintiff.
Hugh P. Carter, Jennings, Carter & Thompson, Birmingham, Ala., Lee H. Henkel, Jr., Swift, Pease, Davidson & Chapman, Columbus, Ga., for defendants.
ELLIOTT, District Judge.
Plaintiff, Carding Specialists (Canada) Limited, a Canadian corporation, is the owner by assignment of United States Letters Patent No. 3,003,195 issued on October 10,1961 upon an application filed in the United States Patent Office on October 31,1958 by Andre Varga, assign- or to the Plaintiff. The patent in suit relates to a process and apparatus for improving the quality of yarn made of cotton and Plaintiff is engaged in the manufacture and sale of a machine under the terms of the patent which it markets. under the trade name “CROSROL.”
Defendants, Lummus Cotton Gin Company, a Georgia corporation, Aldrich. Machine Works, a South Carolina corporation, and A. P. Aldrich, Jr., individually, a resident of Atlanta, Georgia, manufacture and market a machine similar in some respects to Plaintiff’s machine under the trade name “TRASH-MASHER.”
The Plaintiff brings this suit under the patent laws of the United States claiming infringement of its patent. The Defendants pleaded non-infringement and invalidity of the subject patent for various statutory reasons within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 103, including anticipation, prior public use and sale, prior publication, lack of utility and lack of invention. In support of this defense the Defendants more than thirty days prior to the trial of the case notified Plaintiff of certain prior art and prior publications and claimed instances of prior public use, some of which were relied upon during the trial.
Prior to the trial of the ease the Court read the deposition of Andre Varga, which had been taken by the Defendants for the purpose of discovery and evidence in the case, and also read the deposition of Clarence F. Williams, Jr., also taken by the Defendants, the Williams deposition having to do with a machine marketed under the name of “ROL-A-SLIVUP,” it being admitted by the Plaintiff that this machine was in prior public use in Parkdale Mills, Gastonia, North Carolina, more than one year prior to October 31, 1958, the filing date of the patent in suit. Also, in preparation for the trial of this-case, the Court in the company of counsel for all parties visited a commercial spinning mill in Columbus, Georgia and there-spent some time studying and observing the operation of the machine and process-of the Plaintiff (the “CROSROL”) and the accused machine and process (the“TRASHMASHER”), the machines being in operation side by side. After a. trial of the issues and the submission of briefs by the respective parties, the case is now before the Court for determination.
A brief historical background may contribute to a better understanding of the patent in suit and the issues involved. Mechanical cotton harvesters came into noticeable use after the end of World War II. As the use of these harvesters became more widespread new problems which arose led the cotton ginning industry to adopt the use of “saw-type lint cleaners.” A few statistics will best illustrate the change. In 1948 there were only 27 cotton gins in the United States equipped with saw-type lint cleaners. In 1949 there were 109 gins using them out of a total of 8,097 gins in the country. In 1950 there were 376 out of 7,570. In 1951 there were 898 out of 7,650. By 1956 there were 3,497 out of 6,662. In 1959 there were 4,616 out of 5,629, and in 1961, the year in which the patent in suit was issued, 5,046 gins were using the saw-type lint cleaners out of a total of 5,223. After the use of saw-type lint cleaners became general in the ginning industry the cotton textile industry found it necessary to do something to eliminate particles of trash left in the raw cotton .after the ginning process. As might be ■expected, persons interested in the manufacture of textile machinery were alert to this developing need and they naturally looked to industry experience in related ■fields for ideas which might be incorporated in new products. For many years the woolen industry had dealt with the ■problem of foreign matter in wool and the woolen fiber had been passed through ■crushing rolls under sufficient pressure to fragmentize the trash, leading to the ■elimination of much of it in subsequent processing. Obviously, if this was effective with wool, there was reason to anticipate that the technique might be made effective with cotton. This idea was explored and thus it was that the use of crushing rollers on the cotton web became basic in the “CROSROL,” later manufactured by Varga and his assignee, and in the “TRASHMASHER,” still later manufactured by Lummus.
By 1961 Varga had his apparatus on the market and Harold C. Lummus, President of Lummus Cotton Gin Company, had conversation and correspondence with Varga about an arrangement whereby Lummus might manufacture Varga’s “CROSROL” apparatus. The patent in suit had not been issued at that time. Lummus knew that Varga had a patent on the misalignment of the axes of two crushing rollers to crush impurities in a cotton web. He did not know that Varga had an application for patent pending on any other subject matter relating to the “CROSROL” machine. Lummus at that time was under the impression that the crossing of the rollers (the misalignment of the axes) was essential to make the machine work and it was with this in mind that he had asked Varga to allow him to manufacture the rollers. Varga never expressed any interest in such an arrangement and Lummus began some experimentation in making crush rollers that would not require the crossing of the rolls in the Varga fashion and which would produce a uniform line of contact on the web from end to end as it came off of the doffer. He engaged specialists to do research on the matter and developed rollers of a particular shape which gave uniform end to end contact under pressure with the axes of the rollers parallel and in such adjustment as to eliminate the necessity for crossing the rollers. He then began making and marketing the machine which he called the “TRASH-MASHER.” Later he learned of the issuance of the Varga patent which is here in suit when the patent was published in the Patent Office Gazette. He ordered a copy of the patent and sought and obtained the advice of counsel as to whether the Varga patent would bar the manufacture of the “TRASHMASHER.” Based upon the advice obtained he proceeded with the manufacture of the “TRASHMASHER.” Through such background we have now arrived at this point of decision.
THE PATENT IN SUIT
As already indicated, the patent in suit relates to a process and apparatus for removing impurities in a cotton web which has the effect of improving the quality of the yarn eventually produced. The patent asserts five claims. No contention is made with respect to claims 4 and 5. Only claims, 1, 2 and 3 are involved in this litigation.
Claim 1 is a process claim and this claim asserts that if a moving web of cotton, as it comes from a cotton card, is passed through a pair of crushing rollers adapted to crush small impurities in the web, and on leaving the crushing rollers is then subjected to a “longitudinal drafting action sufficient to cause relative longitudinal fiber movement in the web,” then as a result of these steps the small particles of trash in the fibers of the web will fall out during subsequent processing. Such subsequent processing would be drafting, spinning and weaving. Although not recited in claim 1 the patent also teaches that the “drafting” referred to can best be brought about in the web of cotton fibers as the web leaves the doffer of the carding machine and before it is condensed in width to form a sliver, it being customary to eventually form the web into a sliver for transfer to subsequent operations. To carry out this concept the patent proposes placing the crushing rollers in position to receive the moving web as it comes off of the doffer between the crushing rollers in full width and then to run the calender rolls of the carding machine at a speed sufficiently greater than the surface speed of the crushing rollers to subject the web on leaving the crushing rollers to “longitudinal drafting action,” which longitudinal drafting action is in itself sufficient to “cause relative longitudinal fiber movement” in the web, the theory being that this “longitudinal fiber movement” is an essential part of the process.
Claims 2 and 3 of the patent in suit are apparatus claims and these claims cover generally a combination of a pair of crushing rollers which are located between the doffer and the calender rollers of the cotton carding machine and which are adapted to receive the carded web in substantially full width from the doffer. These two claims when considered in combination also set forth a means to rotate the crushing rollers at a speed sufficient to take up slack in the web which is said to exist between the doffer and crushing rollers. Also taken in combination, these two claims further include mechanical drive arrangements to rotate the calender rollers at a sufficiently greater surface speed than the crushing rollers so as to “cause relative longitudinal fiber movement” in the web as it passes from the crushing rollers to the calender rollers.
It is nowhere indicated within the patent itself nor within the contents of the file wrapper of the application resulting in the patent in suit how much faster the calender rolls .must be run in comparison to the speed of the crush rolls to bring about the desired result, nor is there any mention of what diameter the crushing rolls must be or how much pressure must be applied to the crush rolls to bring about the required degree of crushing of trash to cause it to fall out during subsequent processes.
THE ACCUSED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
None of the Defendants carry out the process recited in claim 1 of the patent, but they are engaged either in the manufacture, installation or sale of the “TRASHMASHER” units to textile mills which already have carding machines on which the units are placed.
The accused apparatus embodies a pair of smooth surface crushing rolls which are pressed together with sufficient force to crush small impurities in the carded cotton web, these crushing rolls being located between the doffer and the calender rolls of the carding machine. When these crushing rollers are installed by the-Defendants on a cotton card the then existing speed of the calender rolls of the-carding machine is not changed, the surface speed of such calender rolls being usually about 15% faster than the surface speed of the doffer.
The crushing rolls of the “TRASH-MASHER” perform the same function as the crushing rolls of the “CROSROL.” They crush small impurities in the cotton -web in anticipation that the fragments -will fall out during the course of sub.sequent processing.
PLAINTIFF’S CONCEPT OF THE PATENT IN SUIT
The Plaintiff’s concept of its patent ■emphasizes the claimed necessity for the .joint presence and action of two things, first, the crushing of the web by the crushing rollers, and second, the drafting ■of the web in such manner as to cause “relative longitudinal fiber movement” in the moving web as it passes between the ■crushing rollers and the calender rollers. Not only the patentee, Andre Varga, but ■other witnesses for the Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s counsel in argument during the course of the trial of this case, took the position that the patent in suit covers any cotton card equipped with crushing rollers if the calender rolls of the card are operating at any surface speed in excess of the surface speed of the crushing rollers. This is to be considered along with the fact that all witnesses for Plaintiff and Defendant agree that the calender rolls in conventional carding machines not equipped with crushing rolls have always been run at a faster surface speed than the doffer. It has always been necessary that this differential of speed exist in order to take up slack in the moving web as it passed from the doffer to the calender rolls. The Plaintiff insists, however, that this differential in speed on a conventional card not equipped with the crush roll apparatus exists only to take up slack in the web and that this difference in speed creates only “tension draft” and does not produce the “relative longitudinal drafting movement of the fibers” contemplated by the patent in suit. Some of the Plaintiff’s witnesses testified that they could with the naked eye actually see “relative longitudinal fiber movement” taking place in the moving web between the crush rolls and the calender rolls of the “TRASHMASHER” machine and of the “CROSROL” machine. There were also expressions of opinion by some witnesses who testified for the Plaintiff that such “relative longitudinal fiber movement” took place in the web, but no witness for the Plaintiff offered any direct objective evidence that “relative longitudinal fiber movement,” in fact, takes place in the web on the “TRASH-MASHER.” One of the witnesses for the Plaintiff testified that he made certain tests with respect to the cohesiveness of the cotton sliver after it was passed through the Plaintiff’s “CROSROL” machine, but it did not appear that he had made any similar tests on the sliver run through the “TRASHMASHER.” None of the Plaintiff’s witnesses ever made it clear where “tension draft,” which is just enough draft to take up slack, ends and where “actual draft” sufficient to produce relative longitudinal fiber movement begins. Upon consideration of all of the evidence and the contentions of counsel during the course of the trial of this case the Court concludes that it is the Plaintiff’s position that the patent in suit covers every process and apparatus in which a pair of crushing rollers is placed on a cotton card between the doffer and the calendar rolls if the calender rolls are operated at any surface speed in excess of the surface speed of the crushing rollers. Since the Plaintiff’s witnesses concede that it is impossible to operate a cotton card equipped with crushing rollers placed between the doffer and the calender rolls unless the calender rolls are run at some surface speed in excess of the surface speed of the crushing rollers, we conclude that the Plaintiff’s position is that its patent grants to the Plaintiff the exclusive right to place crush rollers upon cotton cards.
THE QUESTION OF VALIDITY OF THE PATENT IN SUIT
PRIOR PATENTS
“Peralta” crush rolls are old and well known in the woolen industry, they having been used for many years in wool carding machines to crush impurities in wool. The patentee, Andre Varga, admits that insofar as the crush rolls of his patent are concerned they operate upon precisely the same principal as the “Peralta” rolls. He further admits that wool cards equipped with “Peralta” crush rolls had been used to operate upon 100% cotton webs more than a year prior to the filing date of the patent in the suit, and that this fact was well known to those versed in the art.
A number of prior patents were cited by the Defendants and consideration will now be given to those principally relied upon, none of which were considered by the Patent Office during prosecution of the application which resulted in the issuance of the patent in suit.
The Harmel patent, No. 318,730 issued May 26, 1885 (Tab A of Defendants’ Exhibit 3), entitled, “Art of removing foreign substances from wool and other textile fibers,” recites (line 9, column 1) that:
“Wool, cotton, and other textile fibers are found to contain always more or less of foreign substances in the nature of burrs, stalks, stems, hulls, &c., the separation of which has always been attended with great difficulty, and the presence of which in the fiber has occasioned much trouble with the delicate machinery employed.
“The object of my invention is to provide an effective method of removing such foreign substances from the fiber. * * *.
“My process is designed most particularly for wool fibers, although it may also be advantageously employed for cotton, and perhaps, also, for other fibers. It is essential that the carded lap be so loose, thin, and open as to expose the burrs and other foreign substances to the action of the rollers, and that the latter be pressed together with sufficient force to thoroughly crush and disintegrate the foreign substances that it is desired to remove.”
It thus appears that this patent teaches the passing of a web of fibrous material, including cotton, from a doffer through a pair of crushing rolls in full width for the purpose of crushing foreign matter in the moving web. Further reference to the patent discloses that the top crush rolls are forced into engagement with the botton crush rolls by means of springs or some similar force. After the web is thus treated it is taken in full width from the crush rolls and transmitted to a second doffing cylinder.
The Harmel patent discloses by the diagrammatic figures included in the patent the process of forming the fibers, whether they be wool, cotton or other fibrous material, into a thin carded web, passing the web thus formed through crushing rollers which are adapted to crush small impurities in the web and subjecting the web to a drafting action of undisclosed degree upon leaving the crushing rollers, and also upon leaving the second doffer and passing through the calender rolls. The Harmel patent does not claim to subject the web to sufficient longitudinal drafting action “to cause relative longitudinal fiber movement in the web” as is claimed by the patent in suit, however, figure 2 of the Harmel patent shows that the “squirrel,” F’, together with the second doffer, D’, pulls upon the moving web as the web leaves the crush rolls and the weight of the evidence convinces us that unless the squirrel and the second doffer, either separately or ‘acting together, operate at a surface speed greater than the surface speed of the crush rolls from which the web is taken, the web would not move vertically as is shown by the Harmel patent. A witness for the Defendant testified that there in fact existed relative longitudinal fiber movement, as spoken of in the patent in suit, in the web as shown in Harmel at the point of tangency of the squirrel F’ and the second doffer D’, and no evidence was offered to the contrary, and the weight of the evidence convinces the Court that such is the case. Claim 1 of the patent in suit is not limited to condensing the fiber into a sliver and since the Plaintiff does not claim that condensing is necessary to attain the advantages of the process set forth in this claim, the Court concludes that every essential element of claim 1 of the patent in suit is found in the Harmel patent.
It is also noted that the Harmel patent anticipates that the foreign substances in the web which are crushed or broken will fall out in subsequent processing (see Lines 43 to 55 of the Harmel patent).
This patent was not considered by the Patent Office.
The Albero patent, No. 2,075,156 issued March 30, 1937 (Tab C of Defendants’ Exhibit 3), entitled, “Apparatus for effecting the removal of foreign bodies from carded webs,” teaches the passing of a web of textile fibers through crushing rolls with smooth surfaces, the cylinders being forced to roll against each other under pressure asserted by springs or other mechanical means, the result being that the trashy particles in the web are “trituated” (pulverized), causing the particles to fall out in subsequent processing.
This patent was not considered by the Patent Office.
The Hurst patent, No. 2,509,148 issued May 23, 1950 (Tab K of Defendants’ Exhibit 3), entitled, “Conditioning Fibers,” also teaches the removal of impurities from textile fibers by employing the use of crush rollers. This patent teaches the drafting of the web of the fiber between two sets of crush rollers which pulverized the undesirable foreign matter. The patent further teaches that after the web leaves the crush rollers it is received and transported by various rolls, screens and cylinders and other elements, all of which are connected in timed relation one to the other for the desired relative speeds “so as to obtain the desired drafting of the fibers.” This patent further states that there may be drafting at other stages should the same be desirable and makes extensive reference to the necessity for the maintenance of different speeds of the various rollers and other parts for this general purpose. For the purpose of disclosure the patentee described the apparatus as it would be used in connection with wool fiber, but it was made clear by the inventor that “the invention is adapted for broad application” to other fibers (column 1, line 15). The Hurst patent is a complete anticipation of claim 1 of the patent in suit.
This patent was not considered by the Patent Office.
The Chantler patent, No. 2,326,331 issued August 10, 1943 (Tab B of Defendants’ Exhibit 3), is described by the inventor in language which makes it clear that the inventor had in mind dealing with a woolen web, but the evidence as a whole leads the Court to conclude that the web could as well be cotton and the patent clearly shows the same elements and arrangement and speed differentials as are suggested by the patent in suit. This patent shows a doffer from which the moving web of fibrous material is delivered, a pair of crush rolls which receive the web and crush the impurities, a trumpet into which the web is fed, and finally, a pair of calender rolls with means to drive the calender rolls. While the Chantler patent does not specifically speak of running the calender rolls faster than the crushing rolls the Court concludes from the evidence as a whole that such difference in speed of the calender rolls over the crush rolls at the time of the issuance of the Chantler patent was a well known expedient in the textile art. Therefore, the Court finds as a fact that since all of the means required to run the calender rolls of the Chantler apparatus at a speed faster than the crushing rolls are clearly shown by the patent, the Chantler patent is a complete anticipation of all of the claims of the patent in suit, claims 1, 2 and 3. The Court further finds as a fact that the Chantler apparatus when operated according to the practice which was prevalent in the industry on the date of the issuance of the patent did inherently result in carrying out the process set forth in claim 1 of the patent in suit.
This patent was not considered by the Patent Office.
The Varga patent, No. 2,762,295 issued September 11, 1956, the Spence British patent No. 3,713, issued March 11, 1887, and the Clark British patent No. 650,029 issued February 14, 1951, all show crushing rolls operating upon moving fiber webs with the intent of removing impurities from the web by crushing.
As previously noted, none of the above patents were considered by the Patent Office during the prosecution of the application resulting in the patent in suit, and the Court finds that these patents are more pertinent to the claims in suit than any of the other references considered by the Patent Office during the pendency of the application resulting in the patent in suit.
In the prior patents referred to it is clear that the object of crushing is to disintegrate and pulverize the trash that may be in the web as it comes from the doffer, and since the prior art teaches the crushing of such trash in such moving webs, the evidence as a whole points to the fact that such crushed trash falls out during subsequent processes, such as, spinning, drawing, weaving and the like. The Court finds as a fact that the use of crushing rolls upon a carded cotton web as the web moves between the doffer and the calender rolls is simply the extension of the use of these same instrumentalities operating in the same way to produce the same results as used in the prior art relating to the crushing of impurities in moving woolen webs. The Court further finds as a fact that since cards have been known it has been customary and necessary to run the calender rolls of the carding machine at a surface speed in excess of the surface speed of the doffer and that any cotton card equipped with crush rolls must have its calender rolls operate at such excess speed if it is to be operative in commercial practice. In fact, this is admitted by all of the witnesses in this case.
PRIOR PUBLICATIONS
Certain publications of the Plaintiff which were issued prior to the date of •application for the patent in suit clearly set forth the concept of using crush rolls “for the more efficient elimination (crushing) of impurities (such as, burrs, seeds, shives, hard threads, skin, tar, etc.) in wool, wool waste, shoddy, cotton waste, cotton, etc.” One of these publications is dated January, 1957 and the other is dated March, 1957, the first publication appearing by way of reproduction as Tab B in Defendants’ Exhibit 4, and the other appearing as Tab E in Defendants’ Exhibit 4. Each of these publications clearly teaches that the desired effect is “achieved by the smooth precision ground rolls resulting in a marked improvement in drafting and spinning, permitting substantial increase in overall production.” Also, each of these publications speaks of crush rolls “with adjustable helical line of contact.” The Court interprets this last expression as meaning that the publications are referring to Varga patent No. 2,762,295, (Tab L of Defendants’ Exhibit 3) inasmuch as that patent teaches and claims the setting of the rolls with their longitudinal axes out of alignment, thereby obtaining “helical line of contact.”
Since both of the publications above mentioned have an effective date more than one year prior to the filing date of the patent in suit in the United States, both of these publications are part of the body of prior art because while it is true that the above mentioned publications disclose the use of crushing rolls primarily on wool cards, nevertheless the Court finds as a fact that these publications teach the essence of the claims of the patent in suit, namely, that of using crush rolls to crush trash in moving cotton webs. It has already been observed that the Plaintiff’s concept of the patent in suit is that it is broad enough to cover the mere placing of crush rolls on a cotton card and the Court finds as a fact that the inventive concept of so doing is clearly disclosed in the aforesaid printed publications of the Plaintiff. The concept of passing cotton webs through crush rolls is also set forth by another publication of the Plaintiff company dated October, 1957. This appears by way of reproduction as Defendants’ Exhibit 4, Tab C.
In November, 1948 an article written by a Mr. G. Marshall, who during the trial of this case was identified as an official of Plaintiff’s related British company, stated that “Peraltas (crush rolls) are running successfully on blends containing 100% cotton.” This statement appears at page 522 of the reproduction of this article which is identified in the record as Tab F of Defendants’ Exhibit 4.
A review of other prior publications relied upon by the Defendant which are found in Defendant’s Exhibit 4 and have to do with the operation of conventional cards shows that they clearly teach that the calender rolls of such conventional cards have been operated at speeds of as much as 29% in excess of the surface speed of the doffer of the carding machine, which further accentuates the finding already made that it was well known in the art to operate calender rolls at such greater speeds prior to the issuance of the patent in suit.
Another part of the body of the prior art is found in a publication printed in June, 1956 which appears as Tab 0 of Defendants’ Exhibit 4. Figure 20 on page 295 of “The Textile Manufacturer” for the month of June, 1956, shows a textile carding system in which following the doffer “D” there is a set of rollers labelled “Calender rollers or crushers.” Following this at “A” in this figure there is indicated a coiler can to receive the sliver. From all of the evidence in this case, including the testimony of Andre Varga himself, the Court concludes that if the rolls “B” as shown in this figure are in fact crushers, as the drawing indicates they may be, then it necessarily follows that between the crushers and the head of the coiler can there must be a set of calender rolls. Mr. Varga, in explaining why claim 1 of his patent did not include the step of condensing the web into a sliver, stated that to everyone skilled in this art the fact that one shows in these machines a set of calender rolls necessarily implies that one intends to include a trumpet. This means to the Court and the Court finds as a matter of fact that whenever one shows a coiler, which is a can in which the ropelike sliver is placed, such showing inherently means to persons of ordinary skill in this art that ahead of the coiler there is a pair of calender rolls and some means to condense the web into a sliver, this being what is called a trumpet.
“ROL-A-SLIVUP” MACHINE
Reference has already been made to the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” machine and the fact that it was stipulated by the Plaintiff during the trial of this case that this machine is in fact prior art. The “ROL-A-SLIVUP” machine was introduced into evidence as Defendants’ Exhibit 6 and photographs and a sketch of the machine appear in the record as Defendants’ Exhibits 17 through 21. The “ROL-ASLIVUP” embodies a set of “peeler” rolls through which the moving cotton web which is taken from the doffer passes on its way to the trumpet and thence to the calender rolls. The calender roll surface speed of the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” is 12.5% in excess of that of the peeler rolls. The top peeler roll of the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” is pressed down onto the lower roll by means of set screws at each end of the shaft of the top roll. The peeler rolls operate on the full width of the web coming from the doffer.
The “peeler rolls” of the “ROL-ASLIVUP” grip the moving cotton web as the web passes between the rollers. These peeler rolls grip the web in the same fashion as the web is gripped by the crush rollers referred to by the patent in suit and in the same manner as the crush rolls employed in the “TRASHMASHER.” This being true, and this being coupled with the fact that the calender rolls operate faster than the surface speed of the peeler rolls, means that the identical kind of “drafting” takes place between the peeler rolls and calender rolls of the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” as that disclosed and claimed in the patent in suit. Mr. Blomquist, a witness for the Defendants, testified that he made measurements of the speed of the parts of the “ROL-ASLIVUP” and further that he examined samples of the trash which had been accumulated on the machine as the web passed through the peeler rolls. He testified that the peeler rolls did in fact grip the web and that there was some crushing of the impurities in the web by such rollers. It was the Plaintiff’s position that these peeler rolls in the “ROL-ASLIVUP” did no crushing of the web, but the weight of the testimony convinces the Court that because the top roll is pressed against the lower roll some crushing is necessarily performed, although admittedly this machine would not be used primarily for crushing purposes. All of the essentials being present in this machine as described by the patent in suit, the Court concludes that the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” meets every essential limitation of the process set forth in claim 1 of the patent in suit and in like manner meets every essential recitation of apparatus structure as set forth in claims 2 and 3. In arriving at this conclusion the Court is not unmindful of the fact that claim 2 makes reference to rotating the crushing rollers at a speed sufficient to take up slack in the web as the web comes off of the doffer and passes to the crushing rollers. In that connection we find as a matter of fact that since the peeler rollers in the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” actually pull the web from the doffer it is obvious that these peeler rollers are rotated at a speed adequate to take up whatever slack might be present between them and the doffer.
In reviewing what has been said concerning prior art the Court is not unmindful of the fact that there is an absence of specifics in much of this prior art material concerning the size and weight of rollers, the speed at which the various parts are to be operated, and the amount of pressure which is applied or must be applied to the crush rollers where they are shown, but, as has already been pointed out, the patent in suit is also indefinite in these particulars in that it nowhere sets forth such specifics, and since the patent in suit is indefinite in these particulars the prior art referred to which is regarded as anticipating the patented process and apparatus cannot be assailed on the ground that it, too, is likewise indefinite in these particulars.
THE QUESTION OF OBVIOUSNESS
The Defendants contend that the process set forth in claim 1 of the patent in suit and the apparatus set forth in claims 2 and 3 thereof would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention of the patent in suit was made, and the Court finds this contention of the Defendants to have been sustained by virtue of the following facts clearly established by the evidence considered as a whole:
(1) The various prior patents and prior publications heretofore discussed clearly show that crush rolls for operating upon moving webs for the removal of impurities were old and well known at the time of this invention.
(2) The operation of calender rolls of carding machines not equipped with crush rolls at a surface speed in excess of the surface speed of the doffer has been a practice uniformly followed in the textile industry and nothing new is involved in such an arrangement.
(3) Because the calender rolls of the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” machine run faster than the surface speed of the peeler rolls, the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” machine, therefore, performs the same kind of “drafting” and achieves the same “relative longitudinal fiber movement” which is claimed by the patent in suit. In this connection the Court finds as a fact that if it were desired for a “ROL-A-SLIVUP” to crush more impurities than it does it would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in this art that all that was needed was for the peeler rolls to be enlarged in order that more pressure might be applied or even that without enlarging the size of the peeler rolls the pressure might be increased, as suggested by the Caspari patent (No. 2,854,700 filed March 30, 1953, issued October 7, 1958)-. This patent appears as Tab N of Defendants’ Exhibit 3. The Caspari patent discloses means for pressing small diameter crush rollers together and teaches that such rolls may be rather slender or small in diameter, it being remembered that the patent in suit does not specify that the crush rolls must be of any specific diameter, or be pressed together with any specific amount of force or in any particular way.
Stated otherwise, the Court specifically finds that there is no difference between the subject matter of the claims in suit and the disclosures of the prior art in this field including the patents, publications, and the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” that would not have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention of the patent in suit. The use of crush rolls on a fiber web was not a new idea and to put such rolls on a cotton card and run the calender rolls of that card at the speed at which calender rolls have always been run is not a patentable invention.
THE QUESTION OF UTILITY OF THE PATENTED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
One of the defenses asserted by the Defendants is that the patent does not claim any invention having any utility within the meaning of the patent laws. In this connection we are reminded that the patent covers a combination of crushing plus “drafting” and the patentee claimed that it was the combinatioti which produces the removal of impurities from the web. We find as a matter of fact that the evidence considered as a whole demonstrates that it is not the combination of crushing and drafting which produces the desired result, but that it is the crushing alone which gives the beneficial improvement. The Defendants introduced objective evidence of tests conducted by their expert witness, Mr. Blomquist, which the Court finds convincing in this regard. These tests consisted of running the calender rolls of a “TRASHMASHER” at surface speeds 2%, 16'% and 35% faster than the surface speeds of the crush rolls, then making the sliver which was formed from the web into yam, and finally making the yarn into cloth. It is, of course, obvious that the “drafting action” would increase as the differential between the speed of the calender rolls and the surface speed of the crushing rolls became greater, and that the drafting action would decrease as the surface speed differential became less. The Defendants introduced samples of the amount of trash collected beneath the web, samples of the sliver which was formed from the web, samples of the yarn which was formed from the sliver, and samples of cloth material which was formed from the yarn, all demonstrating the results at the different speed differentials. These items appear as Defendants’ Exhibits 22 through 36 in the record. The Court made a cursory examination of these samples at the time they were introduced and has since made a more careful examination of them, microscopic and otherwise, and this evidence, together with the testimony of Mr. Blomquist and the record as a whole, convinces the Court that the improvement in the yarn and in the cloth is attributable solely to the crushing action of the crush rolls and that the so-called “drafting” between the crush rolls and calender rolls, even if it occurs, adds nothing of any consequence to this improvement. The Plaintiffs never satisfactorily demonstrated to the Court that it was the combination of the crushing plus the so-called “drafting” which resulted in the beneficial improvement in the yarn and cloth, and the evidence introduced by the Defendants convinces the Court to the contrary. The Court concludes, therefore, that the claims set forth no invention having any utility inasmuch as the claims cover the combination of crushing plus “drafting,” when in fact the crushing alone is the step which gives the beneficial improvement of trash removal.
THE QUESTION OF INFRINGEMENT
It would appear to be academic that an invalid patent cannot be infringed, however, we have the question of infringement presented by the pleadings and the evidence and we will deal with it. In support of their contention that the accused machine does not infringe the patent of the Plaintiffs, even if the patent be valid, the Defendants had prepared and submitted in evidence a series of motion pictures made of the operation of the accused apparatus. These were exhibited to the Court and they are in the record as Defendants’ Exhibit 39. These motion pictures were made at regular camera speeds and in slow motion, some of the latter of which were at about 2,000 frames per second, showing the moving web of the “TRASHMASHER.” Other motion pictures similarly produced showed the moving- web of the Plaintiff’s machine, the “CROSROL.” In viewing these pictures the Court observed and concluded that it was impossible to detect any relative longitudinal fiber movement “as occurs in drafting,” that is, any slippage of the fibers relative to one another in the direction of the movement of the web as a whole. On the contrary, from these pictures the Court could and did discern by observing certain irregularities or spots or neps in the web that such movement did not take place. This conclusion of the Court agrees with the testimony of the Defendants’ expert witness, Mr. Blomquist, who testified that such movement was absent. The patentee, Mr. Varga, illustrated what he meant in his patent by “longitudinal fiber movement” by interlacing the fingers of his hands and drawing his hands apart with his fingers outstretched, stating that this is precisely the movement which occurs in actual drafting, that is, that the fibers in the web as a whole physically slip relative to each other in the direction of movement of the web, producing what is sometimes called “parallelization.” The Court could not observe such movement of the fibers and at no time during the course of the trial of this case did the Plaintiff’s witnesses make any attempt to point out to the Court where such movement was taking place in the moving web. The only evidence offered by the Plaintiffs to support their contention that the accused machine infringes the claimed process was in the nature of opinion evidence and none of these witnesses who expressed opinions that such movement did take place in the web of the “TRASHMASHER” had ever made any direct tests, close inspections or observations of the web between the crush rolls and calender rolls of the accused machine to determine whether there was any “relative longitudinal fiber movement” as “occurs in drafting.”
Considering the teaching of the patent in suit to the effect that the kind of drafting required to get the improved results of the process and apparatus claimed is the kind “as occurs in drafting,” the Court finds as a fact that this kind of drafting does not occur in the accused process or apparatus. The only kind of pull (draft) which the Defendants apply to the web in the accused process and apparatus is the same pull which is present in conventional cards which operate without crush rollers, that being the pull necessary to take up any slack in the web, this being known as “tension” draft as distinguished from “actual” draft, and the Plaintiff concedes that tension draft is not the kind of drafting action contemplated by the patent. But regardless of whether or not the kind of draft spoken of in the patent in suit occurs or does not occur, the Court further finds that the accused process and apparatus does not infringe any valid claim of the patent in suit because what the patentees are doing has been carried out in the prior art as heretofore referred to in this memorandum and that whatever is taking place in the web in the accused process and machine takes place in the actual operation of the “ROL-A-SLIVUP” and within the contemplation of the disclosures of the Harmel patent and the Chantler patent heretofore discussed.
With respect to the apparatus claims 2 and 3 the patent in suit teaches that the crush rollers rotate at a speed sufficient to take up slack between them and the doffer, namely, at a speed sufficiently higher than the speed of the doffer to do this. Further, it is noted that in the commercial’ “CROSROL” machine the crush rolls rotate at a greater surface speed than the surface speed of the doffer. The undisputed testimony in the case is that the crushing rollers of the accused machine, the “TRASHMASHER,” rotate at a surface speed less than the surface speed of the doffer, and while it is true that in the “TRASHMASHER” the web does not build up between the doffer and the crush rollers, this fact alone is not sufficient to convince the Court that the above quoted element from claims 2 and 3 is present in the accused “TRASHMASHER” for, as the testimony in the case demonstrated, there may be other explanations of this physical result. The Court finds as a fact that the only means disclosed in the patent to take up slack at this point in the process is the driving of the crush rolls at a greater surface speed than the surface speed of the doffer and the uncontradicted evidence in the case demonstrates that the Defendants do not do and have never done this.
These factual conclusions reached by the Court do not necessarily mean that Mr. Varga, the patentee, has not made any contribution to the art which we have had under consideration, for such contribution may be embodied in claims 4 and 5 of the patent as represented by figure 3 of the patent. In those claims it is contemplated that crush rolls may be used in tandem and spaced just beyond the staple length of the fiber and it is admitted that if this were done one could indeed obtain “relative longitudinal fiber movement” as “occurs in drafting,” but the Defendants have never done this and are not charged with infringement of that modification, these claims not being here in suit.
FINDINGS OF FACT
The Court’s findings of fact are included in the foregoing memorandum. If any of the findings included in the memorandum are construed to constitute conclusions of law as distinguished from conclusions of fact, such findings are adopted as conclusions of law to the same extent as if they had been so denominated.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
There is no issue of jurisdiction. The Court has jurisdiction of the parties and the subject matter in the cause of action.
35 U.S.C. § 282 is clear in establishing, for every patent, a prima facie presumption of validity. However, this presumption is rebuttable and the courts have never hesitated to disregard this presumption when the facts warrant it. Fairchild v. Poe, etc., (5 Cir. 1958), 259 F.2d 329. The presumption has been clearly rebutted in this case. The presumption of validity of the patent in suit is greatly weakened if not completely destroyed by the failure of the Patent Office to consider the important and5 analogous contributions to the prior art which have been discussed in the foregoing memorandum. Cornell et al. v. Adams Engineering Co., Inc. (5 Cir. 1958), 258 F.2d 874; Murray Company of Texas, Inc. v. Continental Gin Company (5 Cir. 1959), 264 F.2d 65.
The patent in suit, U. S. Letters Patent No. 3,003,195, is invalid and void in law as to claims 1, 2 and 3 here in suit for each of the following reasons:
1. Each of the claims in suit is directed to subject matter that is fully anticipated by the prior art, notably by U. S. Patent No. 318,730 issued to Harmel, by U. S. Patent No. 2,326,331 issued to Chantler, and by the “RQL-ASLIVUP” machine. Additionally, claim 1 is also anticipated by U. S. Patent 2,-509,148 issued to Hurst. Further, the prior publications identified in the record as Tabs B, C, E and O of Defendants’ Exhibit 4, when considered individually or in combination with each other, render the claims invalid.
2. The patent in suit does not meet the requirement of invention. The use of crush rolls on cotton cards is a mere extension of their prior and completely analogous use in operating upon other types of fibers and it is not invention to use an old process or an old machine for a new and analogous purpose. The Fluor Corporation, Ltd. v. Gulf Interstate Gas Co. (5 Cir. 1958), 259 F.2d 405. The claims in suit and each of them are directed to subject matter that distinguishes over the prior art, if at all, only-in degree rather than in kind and in ways that would have been obvious to those having ordinary skill in the relevant art at the time the patentee made the alleged invention. ^
The patent in suit being found to be invalid cannot be found to be infringed, but if the patent in suit should be valid it has not been infringed by the Defendants because the claims of the patent in suit cannot be construed to cover the accused process and apparatus.
' Plaintiff has failed to show infringement because the Plaintiff has failed to prove that there takes place in the accused process and apparatus the kind of “relative longitudinal fiber movement” claimed in the patent in suit. j
The claims in suit and each of them are invalid because of the manufacture, sale and public use in the United States of a method and apparatus for the treatment of cotton fibers purportedly covered by the claims of the patent in suit more than one year prior to the filing of the application on which said patent in suit was obtained.
Defendants have the legal right to manufacture and sell the “TRASH-MASHER” machine and to practice the process typified by said machine (Plaintiff’s Exhibit 7) and their doing so does not constitute infringement of claims 1, 2 and 3 of United States Letters Patent 3,003,195, the patent in suit.
The Plaintiff has not maintained its burden of proof with respect to the issues concerning which it had the burden. The Defendants have sustained their burden of proof with respect to the issues concerning which they had the burden.
Accordingly, the complaint will be dismissed, the Defendants will be awarded their taxable costs and judgment will be entered for the Defendants declaring that said Letters Patent No. 3,003,195 as to the claims here in suit, they being claims 1, 2 and 3, are invalid and unenforceable against Defendants. The Plaintiffs and those acting in concert with Plaintiff will he enjoined from maintaining or bringing any other suit, claims or causes of action against Defendants, their licensees, customers and assigns under claims 1, 2 and 3 of the patent in suit and from threatening to do so. | CASELAW |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 47.djvu/828
810 mind as it sways that of the hypnotized adult. And there close by the child was Dolly, and the child's make-believe includes, as we all know, much important communication with Dolly. What more natural than that the idea should at once seize his imagination? But the laugh? Well, I am ready to admit that there was a touch of playful defiance here, of childish mischief. The expression on the mother's face showed him that his bold, absurd fancy had produced its half-startling, half-amusing effect; and there is nothing your little actor likes more than this after effect of startling you. But more, it gave him at the same instant a glimpse of the outside look of his fancy, of the unreality of the untruth; and the laugh probably had in it the delight of the little rebel, of the naughty, impish rogue who loves now and then to set law at defiance.
Momentary vivid fancy, the childish passion for acting a part, this backed by a strong desire to startle, and a turn for playful rebellion, seems to me to account for this and other similar varieties of early misstatement. Naughty they no doubt are in a measure; but is it not just that playing at being naughty which has in it nothing really bad, and is removed toto cœlo from downright honest lying? I speak the more confidently as to C 's case, as I happen to know that he was in his serious moods particularly, one might add pedantically, truthful.
A somewhat different case is where the vivid fancy underlying the misstatement leads to a more serious self-deception. The Worcester collection gives an example: "I was giving some cough sirup, and E, aged three years and two months, ran to me, saying, 'I am sick too, and I want some medicine.' She then tried to cough. Every time she would see me taking the sirup bottle afterward, she would begin to cough. The sirup was very sweet." This looks simply awful. But what if the child were of so imaginative a turn that the sight of* the sirup given to the sick child produced a perfect illusion of being herself sick—an illusion strong enough to cause the irritation and the cough? The idea may seem far-fetched, but deserves to be considered before we brand the child with the name liar.
The vivid, fanciful realization, which in this instance was sustained by the love of sweet things, is in many cases inspired by other and later developed feelings. How much false statement—and that not only among little children—is of the nature of exaggeration and directed to producing a strong effect! When, for example, the little four-year-old draws himself up and shouts exultantly, "See, mamma, how tall I am—I am growing so fast I shall soon be a giant," or boasts of his strength, and tells you the impossible things he is going to do, the element of braggadocio is on the surface and imposes on nobody. | WIKI |
Page:Goodman of Auchtermouchtie, or, The goodwife turn'd goodman (2).pdf/5
Then on the fire he hang the pat.
and with twa ſtoups ran to the ſpout,
Or ever he came back I wat,
the new pat bottom was burnt out.
Next all the bairns rair’d in a rout,
he thought to catch them all up clean,
The firſt he gat his arms about,
was a’ bedirten to the een.
Alas ! quoth he, what did I mean,
at firſt to tak this wark in hand,
I think I have bewitched been,
then ſyled blankets all he fand.
Then forth to waſh them in the ſtrand,
and for to poſs them on a ſtane;
A ruſh of flood came frae the land,
and down the water hath them tane.
By that time ky and calves ilk ane
did meet, the goodman ran to red,
The brandit cow, thief break her bane,
did bore his buttocks till they bled.
I trow he thought he was ill ſtead,
gaſlins wander’d far awa’,
And by them came the greedy gled,
ſhe took up three and left but twa.
Theſe poor beaſts paid the ſkaith for a’,
the ſow he gave her little thank,
Drew o’er the kirn with her fore pa,
and ay ſhe winked and ſhe drank, | WIKI |
Red Legs Greaves
"Red Legs" Greaves was allegedly a Scottish buccaneer active in the Caribbean and the West Indies during the 1670s. His nickname came from the term Redlegs used to refer to the class of poor whites who lived on colonial Barbados.
Although considered a successful pirate during his alleged career, most notably his raid of Margarita Island in the mid-1670s, he is best known for his escape from prison during an earthquake.
His story does not appear in historical records of the era and he may have been fictional.
Authenticity
Greaves’ story does not appear in period accounts of Margarita, pirate trials, or other documents. It first appears in A. Hyatt Verrill's 1923 In the Wake of the Buccaneers, but no sources are cited. Verrill included Greaves in several of his later books, and Philip Gosse repeated the story in his Pirates' Who's Who (1924). Verrill travelled widely in the West Indies, and conceivably came across this story, perhaps as a folk tale traveledor local legend, but he also has a reputation for fictionalizing and inventing material. As no historical records have been found referring to Greaves, whom Verrill credits with significant successes, Greaves is almost certainly an invention. Verrill's and Gosse's works appeared only two years after Rafael Sabatini’s popular novel Captain Blood, and Gosse’s description of Greaves parallels Sabatini's Captain Blood closely.
Early life
Greaves' parents had been tried for treason for their participation during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and sold into slavery, as were many Royalists and Covenanters in Scotland. He is thought to have been born in 1649 in Barbados.
Born a short time after his parents' arrival in Barbados, Greaves became the servant of a kindly master. However, his parents and master died a short time after another, and the orphaned boy was sold to another man who was claimed to have been violent and to have often beaten Greaves as a teenager.
Piratical career
During this time, concerned for his survival, he attempted to escape his servitude and successfully managed to swim across Carlisle Bay, stowing away on a ship preparing to leave Barbados. Although he assumed the vessel was a merchant ship on its way to a far-off port, the ship was actually a pirate ship commanded by a Captain Hawkins. Hawkins was known throughout the Caribbean as an unusually cruel pirate, often torturing captives, especially women, and rarely showing mercy to the crews of ships he attacked. Although feared by his crew, he was respected and very successful in capturing rich prizes.
After being discovered on board, Greaves was given the option of signing with the crew "offering the articles on a platter along with a pistol". Although reluctant to join the crew under force, Greaves showed promise and quickly gained a reputation as a capable and efficient sailor.
However, he soon grew to resent and hate Captain Hawkins, both for being forced into his crew as for his distaste for brutality towards captured prisoners. The two eventually fought a duel, often claimed to be over the torture of a prisoner, although it is more likely Hawkins attacked Greaves for failing to obey his orders. During the fight, Greaves killed Hawkins and was elected by the crew to succeed Hawkins as captain.
Captain Greaves
Accepting their request, Greaves rewrote the Ship's Articles, specifically prohibiting the mistreatment of prisoners and allowing the surrender of merchant captains during battle. Throughout the decade, Greaves found great success as well as gaining a reputation as an honorable captain widely known for his humane treatment of prisoners and never participating in the raiding of poor coastal villages. Around 1675, he captured Margarita Island off the coast of Venezuela. After capturing the local Spanish fleet, he turned their guns against the island's coastal defenses and successfully stormed the town. After taking a large number of pearls and gold, he soon left without further looting the town or harming the inhabitants.
Capture and escape
After the raid, Greaves was able to retire from piracy and settled down to the life of a gentleman farmer in Nevis. However, after being recognized by one of his former victims, he was turned into authorities to collect the reward offered for his capture.
Greaves was found guilty of piracy, and despite his reputation, no leniency was shown towards him. He was sentenced to be hanged in chains. While imprisoned in the prison dungeon to await his execution, the town was submerged by an earthquake. Greaves was one of the few survivors and was eventually picked up by a whaling ship. Some stories of Greaves describe his escape from prison in Port Royal, Jamaica, which was damaged by an earthquake and tidal wave in 1692. Other accounts claim he had been imprisoned on Nevis, which is alternately describes as suffering its own earthquake and tidal wave in either 1680 or 1690.
In gratitude, he joined the crew of the whaling ship and later became a pirate hunter, eventually earning a royal pardon for his efforts in the capture of a pirate ship which had been raiding local whaling fleets. After his pardon, he again retired to a plantation and became known as a philanthropist in his later years, donating much of his wealth to various island charities and public works before his death of natural causes. | WIKI |
Talk:We (disambiguation)
"wee" as used in Scotland is not a noun.
You should be able to say with a noun "I put a wee in my pocket" for example, but as I understand this is not how it's used in Scotland. I think the proper term for this is an adjective: "a wee lass" is a young girl.
Wee is also used in Ireland - meaning small, an adjective. Fowler, H.W. and Fowler, F.G. (Ed) 1964. p.1478. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford. At Clarendon Press.Osborne 19:57, 26 July 2016 (UTC)
Removed dictionary definitions.
Here is the text I clobbered. Since Wikipedia is not a dictionary I think that if all of this information isn't on the Wiktionary page, it should get merged in there: - <IP_ADDRESS> 13:28, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
clobbered text (dicdefs):
* Urine.
* To urinate.
* Wee wee, a childish term for penis used almost exclusively in the USA and Canada.
* An adjective, meaning something very small.
* A noun (primarily in Scotland or Ireland) meaning a short time of time or a little bit of something.
- <IP_ADDRESS> 13:28, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
Revert War
Okay, it seems this led to a revert war, so let me sign the above and this. PLEASE DISCUSS CHANGES HERE rather than continue a revert war.
- <IP_ADDRESS> 13:28, 12 May 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Din Tai Fung
What Does It Mean?
What does "Din Tai Fung" mean in English? Does anybody know? I came to this article expecting to find out, but it doesn't say. Chinese speakers/readers, please help! VaneWimsey 03:59, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
* 鼎泰豐 - I'm not sure if the characters have any meaning together, but individually -- 鼎: a type of cooking cauldron, 泰: peaceful -- 豐: abundant. Jbradfor (talk) 20:12, 15 May 2012 (UTC)
* Din Tai Fung isn't exactly supposed to have a meaning, as it's name is derived from the founder's name. Zhangj1079 (T|C) 23:27, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
Discrepancies between English and Chinese version
Just pointing out, there are some pretty serious discrepancies between the English and Chinese version......
The Chinese version claims that the owner let some old soldier set up a stand in front of his shop, and thats where he learned it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:51, 1 February 2013 (UTC)
Close paraphrasing
This article includes close paraphrasing of the "about" sections of the global and US official websites. —DoRD (talk) 21:24, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
Apologies
I rolled back a what was supposed to be a good faith edit in error, instead marking it as (VANDAL). I apologise to the user who made that contribution. Z10987 (talk) 01:54, 9 June 2014 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 201 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by BartonRei (talk) 00:26, 20 November 2022 (UTC)
Inconsistent timeline
"They soon opened another restaurant in Taipei 101." There's no citation for this, and it's placed between paragraphs talking about 1970 and 1996. However, talks of building Taipei 101 didn't even begin until 1997, and it didn't open until 2004, so the timing seems inconsistent. There doesn't seem to be an equivalent line in the Chinese article. SheepTester (talk) 19:22, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
the war is over!
why does a chain from taiwan have katakana pronunciation on their sign?! are they trying to convince customers that they're a japanese chain? or that they're 2-3x older than they actually are, i.e. from the japanese occupation era (pre-WWII)?
even the US branches have this on the sign! makes no sense!! 2601:19C:527F:A660:D99B:962D:3F02:8816 (talk) 03:38, 27 January 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
William Aislabie (governor)
William Aislabie (3 December 1671 – 10 November 1725) was a British governor of the Bombay Presidency during the days of the East India Company.
Life
Aislabie was the fifth son of George Aislabie, of Studley Royal, and brother of John Aislabie. He was deputy Governor from 1704, following the death of John Burniston. He assumed the post of Governor in September 1708 and left office on 11 October 1715. He served as Member of Parliament for from the end of 1719 to 1722.
At the end of his life, his brother John Aislabie bought the Waverley Abbey estate from the Coldham family and set about building a house there for him. Unfortunately William died around the time the house was ready and the Waverley estate was sold.
Family
Aislabie married a daughter of John Burniston. Their son William married in 1728 Elizabeth Scattergood, daughter of the merchant John Scattergood. The army officer John Aislabie (born 1729) was their son. | WIKI |
You Don't Have to Worry (Mary J. Blige song)
"You Don't Have to Worry" is a song by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Kenny Greene and Edward "DJ Eddie F" Ferrell for the soundtrack of the film Who's the Man? (1993), while production was helmed by Ferrell, with co-production from Kenny "K-Smoove" Kornegay and Darin "Piano Man" Whittington. It contains a sample of "Papa Don't Take No Mess" by James Brown. Released as a single, it charted on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 63, while reaching number 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A remix version featuring rapper Craig Mack was produced by Sean "Puffy" Combs and Tony Dofat and later included on Blige's remix album, What's the 411? Remix (1993).
Critical reception
In 2013, the original version of "You Don't Have to Worry" placed 20th on Complex magazine's "50 Best R&B Songs That Flipped Rap Beats", while its remix version with Craig Mack ranked 33rd on the list.
Music video
The accompanying music video for "You Don't Have to Worry" was directed by American film director, film producer, and music video director F. Gary Gray and filmed at various locations in New York City in the summer of 1993. It depicts Blige performing in a jersey with a New York Yankees cap and baggy jeans, also wearing an all denim suit by Daniel Poole performing on top of a car in front of a large crowd (a still from the video appears on the cover of 'What's the 411 Remix' Album). The song's original version, which appears in the video, has a slightly alternate difference towards the one on the soundtrack: Blige's vocals throughout the song is multitracked, and the backing vocals are omitted.
Tracklisting
* US Cassette single
* 1) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Mix) – 4:05
* 2) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Remix Main with Rap) – 5:18
* US 12" single
* 1) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Mix) – 4:05
* 2) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Radio Mix with Clean Rap) – 4:35
* 3) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Remix Main with Rap) – 5:18
* UK CD single
* 1) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Remix) – 4:05
* 2) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Radio Remix with Clean Rap) – 4:35
* 3) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Remix Main with Rap) – 5:18
* 4) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Remix Instrumental) – 4:05
* UK 12" single
* 1) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Remix Main with Rap) – 5:18
* 2) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Remix) – 4:05
* 3) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Radio Remix with Clean Rap) – 4:35
* 4) "You Don't Have to Worry" (Album Radio Remix Instrumental) – 4:05 | WIKI |
Battle 4 Atlantis
The Battle 4 Atlantis is an early-season college basketball tournament. It takes place at Atlantis Paradise Island on Paradise Island in The Bahamas, on the week of the US holiday of Thanksgiving. For sponsorship purposes, the tournament is officially named Bad Boy Mowers Battle 4 Atlantis. The games are played in the Imperial Arena, a grand ballroom which is turned into a basketball venue. The tournament is known for being the richest Division I men's early-season college basketball tournament. Schools are awarded $2 million in exchange for their participation in the men's event.
In 2020, the tournament was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was scheduled to include a women's Battle 4 Atlantis tournament which also would have featured eight teams.
Men's
Source:
* Arizona
* Davidson
* Gonzaga
* Indiana
* Louisville
* Oklahoma
* Providence
* West Virginia
Men's
* – Denotes overtime period
2020
2020 Battle 4 Atlantis was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Men's
* Duke
* Ohio State
* West Virginia
* Utah
* Texas A&M
* Wichita State
* Creighton
* Memphis
Women's
* Central Michigan
* Marquette
* Minnesota
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* South Carolina
* South Florida
* Syracuse
Mainland Games
Mainland Battle 4 Atlantis was unbracketed for 2016. | WIKI |
Dead Rush
Dead Rush is a cancelled video game that was designed by Treyarch and would have been published by Activision for the PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox.
The game would have taken place in the town of Eastport where a massive earthquake has destroyed most of humanity. As Jake, a character suffering from memory loss, the player's job was to try to find out exactly what happened in Eastport, which is now overflowing with zombies.
The game's main claim to fame was the fact that as Jake, players could operate one of several vehicles scattered around town. Not only would this provide the player with a means of transportation but it would also serve as armour of sorts. The zombies in Eastport would try to wreck whatever car Jake was driving. Luckily the player could create new vehicles out of parts of previously demolished cars. A female mechanic could also put new parts and items on cars that would be more powerful.
The game would have featured few load times, as after an initial boot up the game would never pause to load data from the disc again.
The game was announced at E3 2004 and set to be released in 2005. It was cancelled shortly thereafter. An E3 preview in Nintendo Power magazine dubbed the gameplay "Grand Theft Undead", while Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine called it "Grand Theft Evil". | WIKI |
Talk:CP-94253
How to administer
Could you add some information about how this drug is administered? I can't access the referenced papers from home where I am right now, but I see that IP injection is used. Are alternative methods, in particular ingestion, possible? Looie496 (talk) 00:29, 20 December 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Hathaway Academy
Alumni Section
Just added in the "Notable Alumni" section - Russell Brand mentions the school several times in his autobiography. I also linked to this page on Russell Brand's article (the school was already mentioned, I just linked to it). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jacob Rudduck (talk • contribs) 19:46, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
History
I've added the section about the school's history, though couldn't find any reliable source for the school's name after 1945, or 1971 -- although I think for the latter it was just called 'Grays School'. It would also be interesting if anyone could find information on when the buildings other than the old building were added. — MouldyFox (talk) 13:05, 29 May 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Democracy in America (Reeve).djvu/708
Among aristocratic nations, social institutions recognise, in truth, no one in the family but the father; children are received by society at his hands; society governs him, he governs them. Thus the parent has not only a natural right, but he acquires a political right, to command them: he is the author and the support of his family; but he is also its constituted ruler.
In democracies, where the government picks out every individual singly from the mass, to make him subservient to the general laws of the community, no such intermediate person is required: a father is there, in the eye of the law, only a member of the community, older and richer than his sons.
When most of the conditions of life are extremely unequal, and the inequality of these conditions is permanent, the notion of a superior grows upon the imaginations of men: if the law invested him with no privileges, custom and public opinion would concede them. When, on the contrary, men differ but little from each other, and do not always remain in dissimilar conditions of life, the general notion of a superior becomes weaker and less distinct: it is vain for legislation to strive to place him who obeys very much beneath him who commands; the manners of the time bring the two men nearer to one another, and draw them daily toward the same level.
Although the legislation of an aristocratic people should grant no peculiar privileges to the heads of families, I shall not be the less convinced that their power is more respected and more extensive than in a democracy; for I know that, whatsoever the laws may be, superiors always appear higher and inferiors lower in aristocracies than among democratic nations.
When men live more for the remembrance of what has been than for the care of what is, and when they are more given to attend to what their ancestors thought than to think themselves, the father is the natural and necessary tie between the past and the present—the link by which the ends of these two chains are connected. In aristocracies, then, the father is not only the civil head of the family, but the oracle of its traditions, the expounder of its customs, the arbiter of its manners. He is listened to with deference, he is addressed with respect, and the love which is felt for him is always tempered with fear.
When the condition of society becomes democratic, and men adopt | WIKI |
Correction Time
FXEmpire.com -
On most of the assets that does not change the long-term situation but on some, it may be a start of a bigger reversal, which may be continued for the next few weeks.
As an example of the second group I give You Gold. The price created the double bottom formation and is now trying to break the neckline of this pattern. What is great here is that this neckline is in the same time the neckline of the much bigger head and shoulders formation and is in the same area as the lower line of the symmetric triangle. Those two were previously strong supports and now, play role of a crucial resistance. Price closing a week above the blue and black lines will give us a proper buy signal.
USDCHF stopped the surge and it seems that is ready for a bearish correction. The aim for the correction is on the green and black line – horizontal and dynamic support respectively. Sentiment here is still ultra-positive.
Last instrument is the NZDCAD, where the price is creating a strong bullish weekly candle – hammer. This candle is being drawn on the neckline of the double top formation, which my stop the bearish plan, at least for a while. The sentiment is still negative but the major sell signal will be triggered, when the price will break the lows of the hammer candle. As long as we are above, the bullish correction is the most favorable scenario.
This article is written by Tomasz Wisniewski, a senior analyst at Alpari Research & Analysis
This article was originally posted on FX Empire
More From FXEMPIRE:
Gold Price Forecast – Gold markets continue to go back and forth
USD/JPY Price Forecast – US dollar pulls back against Japanese yen
US Stock Markets Could Rally Beyond Expectations
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Prognosis For MGUS Or Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance
Prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance depends upon the progression of the disease in its severe form. If the disease remains stable and results in general complications such as neuropathy, or skeletal complications, the prognosis is favorable.
Prognosis For MGUS Or Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance is the condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein, called as M protein or myeloma protein in the blood. The prognosis of the disease depends upon the variety of factors including the stability of the disease and the associated complications.
Further, the prognosis of the disease also depends upon the regular checking and monitoring of the disease and the blood protein levels of the patients. The disease has the chances of progression into multiple myeloma or other lymphoproliferative disorder such as lymphoma, leukemia or amyloidosis. The progression may be slow and transforms into complications in many years or there is an acute conversion of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to myeloma or lymphoma.
Patients who have stable form of disease have favorable prognosis as compared to patients whose disease is progressive. As the symptoms of the disease are rare, the patient does not have any problem in the stable form of the disease.
Various studies have conducted to establish the prognosis of MGUS and it has been estimated that the disease has a conversion rate of approximately 1-2% in its more lethal progressive form. Many of the patients, who were enrolled in the study, have died due to another reason due to their age. The level of monoclonal protein is also a subject of debate in the transformation of the disease.
Some studies suggested that there is no correlation between the level of this protein and disease progression while some suggest that high level or progressive increase in the level of monoclonal protein is a factor for conversion to myeloma. Studies also indicate that other factors that suggest the transformation of disease are level of uninvolved Ig, IgA and labeling index of plasma cells.
Age is also a factor in the prognosis of the disease as elderly and geriatric patients are at increased risk of progression to lymphoproliferative disorders as compared to people with lesser age.
Complications Of Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance or MGUS
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance rarely shows any symptom, but the disease can be progressed into a much severe form including various lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, regular checking and monitoring of the blood level of monoclonal protein and other immunoglobins, both involved and uninvolved are required to diagnose the disease at an early stage.
Following are the diseases that may develop due to the progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance:
Multiple Myeloma. MGUS may progress into multiple myeloma and the rate of transformation is approximately 1% per year. The rate of progression is even higher in patients suffering from high-risk monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. High-risk MGUS is characterized by the presence of M-protein more than 1.5 gm/dl, type of M-protein other than IgG, and an abnormal free light chain ratio.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance are at higher risk of developing leukemia.
B-cell Lymphoma. The patients of lymphoma are diagnosed by the presence of lymphadenopathy, and an extranodal tumor in lymph tissues during initial examination. These findings are confirmed through biopsy.
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia. Patient’s with MGUS are at increased risk of developing Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. This condition is characterized by the presence of a high level of serum IgM and an increase in lymphocytes of one narrow. A study indicates that almost 7% of the patients suffering from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance have developed this condition.
Peripheral Neuropathy. Patient with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance presents various neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling sensation, burning feet and neuropathic pain.
Skeletal Complications. Patients of MGUS have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
Infections. Due to reduced formation of normal immunoglobulins, the patients of MGUS have a higher risk of infections.
Conclusion
Prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is poor when the disease progresses in lymphoproliferative disorders. These, sometimes fatal, the condition includes multiple myeloma, leukemia, amyloidosis, and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
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Eval Modifier (metaclass)
From The Foundry MODO SDK wiki
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EvalModifier servers can be created using appropriate metaclasses, supporting a rich set of functionality. The most common form, however, is an eval modifier associated with an item type with channels. The item type and channels are defined by the Channels and Package metaclasses and are found automatically. In this sample the eval modifier reads all the channels on the item and writes to an output channel on the same item.
class MyEvalModifier : public CLxEvalModifier
{
public:
void bind (
CLxUser_Item &item,
unsigned ident) LXx_OVERRIDE
{
mod_add_chan (item, "outputChannelName", LXfECHAN_WRITE);
}
void eval () LXx_OVERRIDE
{
MyChannels my;
mod_read_attr (&my);
double res = my.cv_float * my.cv_int;
mod_cust_write (0, res);
}
};
static CLxMeta_EvalModifier<MyEvalModifier> mod_meta ("myItemModifierServerName");
The bind() method is called to define the input and output channels. All the channels in the Channels metaclass marked for read are added automatically, so the only channels that needs to be custom added is the output channel using mod_add_chan(). This is custom channel zero.
The eval() method is called to read inputs and compute outputs. First mod_read_attr() is called to read the channels defined as inputs into the MyChannels struct which was associated with the Channels metaclass. The next line computes the result value. The final line writes the value to custom channel zero.
The eval modifier metaclass is added as a sibling of the channels and package. This allows the modifier to use the channels and associate itself with the item type.
root
|
+--- channels
|
+--- package (item type)
|
+--- eval modifier
root_meta.add (&chan_meta);
root_meta.add (&pkg_meta);
root_meta.add (&mod_meta);
Item Inclusion
By default the eval modifier will create one modifier node for each item of the automatically detected type. If for some reason the automatic detection is wrong, the item type can be set manually:
mod_meta.set_itemtype ("itemTypeName");
Sometimes there will need to be a modifier node for different combinations of item types, or multiple nodes for a single item. This can be accomplished by implementing the include_item() method. The overridden function will be called for all items in the scene, and it can decide to allocate a node for any of them by calling mod_add_node().
class MyEvalModifier :
[...]
void include_item(
CLxUser_Item &item) LXx_OVERRIDE
{
if (<item-needs-modifier-node>)
mod_add_node ();
}
If an eval modifier wants to allocate multiple nodes for a single item, they each need to be given an identifier in the form of an unsigned int. That will be passed back during binding.
class MyEvalModifier :
[...]
void include_item(
CLxUser_Item &item) LXx_OVERRIDE
{
if (<item-needs-multiple-nodes>)
{
mod_add_node (1);
mod_add_node (2);
}
}
This behavior needs to be enabled on the metaclass by asking for all items.
mod_meta.get_all_items ();
Binding Channels
The method for binding custom channels was shown in the first example. It should be noted that any number of custom channels can be bound from any other items in the scene. The number of bindings can vary based on graph links or any other type of scene variable state. Although the Evaluation interface is available from mod_eval(), channels should not be bound using those methods but only with mod_add_chan(). The reason for this is that a client object may be asked to bind channels just for the purpose of testing against an existing node. The channels are not actually added to the evaluation in that case, but are just used to see if the modifier has changed.
Handling Changes
There are two types of common changes needed for modifier nodes: adding and removing nodes, and updating the bindings of nodes. Both of these are most typically triggered by adding and removing items, and by changes to graph links. These can be tracked and the modifiers invalidated by adding these dependencies to the metaclass. Item types and graphs are added one by one.
mod_meta.add_dependent_type ("depType1Name");
mod_meta.add_dependent_type ("depType2Name");
mod_meta.add_dependent_graph ("depGraph1Name");
mod_meta.add_dependent_graph ("depGraph2Name");
It's also possible for other types of events to invalidate modifiers. If that's the case there will need to be a listener to watch for those events and to trigger invalidation manually. The invalidation function can take an item or scene.
mod_meta.invalidate (scene);
The eval modifier metaclass will automatically handle the case of items being added and removed, and of changes to the bindings of existing modifiers. If there is any other reason that a modifier should be invalid the client can implement the CLxEvalModifier::change_test() function and return false in those cases.
Object Evaluation
The eval modifier metaclass provides a system for alternate forms of evaluation. One common modifier pattern is a modifier that reads the channels of an item and writes an object encapsulating those settings to an OBJREF channel. For example this is how falloffs work -- the falloff object is allocated in the modifier, the input channels are read into it, and the COM object is stored to the common falloff channel.
class MyModifier :
public CLxEvalModifier,
public CLxObjectEvaluation
{
public:
CLxSpawner<MyFalloff> spawn;
MyModifier () : spawn ("my.falloff.spawner") {}
void
alloc_obj (
CLxEvalModifier &com,
ILxUnknownID &obj) LXx_OVERRIDE
{
MyFalloff *fall;
fall = spawn.Alloc (obj);
com.mod_read_attr ((MyChannels *) fall);
}
};
static CLxMeta_EvalModifier<CModifier> mod_meta (SRVNAME_MODIFIER);
static CLxMeta_ObjectEvaluation<CModifier> eval_meta (LXsICHAN_FALLOFF_FALLOFF);
Our modifier class inherits from both CLxEvalModifier and CLxObjectEvaluation. We'll use a Spawner to allocate our falloff object. (Creating new metaclasses is a process, so any object type that hasn't been converted can still use the older idiom.) The alloc_obj() method allocates the falloff, which will be returned indirectly through the obj argument. We then use the CLxEvalModifier -- passed as an argument -- to read the defined channel values into the destination struct. In this case our MyFallff class inherits from MyChannels, so casting gets us a valid pointer.
(Falloffs usually need to read their own world matrix. Because this isn't one of the channels defined by the Channels metaclas, it has to be added in a bind() method and read as a custom channel. This was omitted for clarity.)
There are two metaclasses declared, one for the eval modifier and one for the evaluation pattern. The object evaluation metaclass takes the channel name as argument to the constructor. The evaluation is placed under the modifier in the metaclass tree.
root
|
+--- eval modifier
|
+--- evaluation
mod_meta.add (&eval_meta);
Cache Evaluation
Another alternate form of evaluation involves caching the results of a previous evaluation to speed up reevaluating the same output. The client declares a class inheriting from CLxObject to serve as the cache, and creates a method for allocating one. This is then passed to the cache_eval() method along with a flag indicating if the cache has been evaluated before.
class MyModifier :
public CLxEvalModifier,
public CLxCacheEvaluation
{
public:
class cCache : public CLxObject
{
[...]
};
CLxObject *
cache_alloc ()
{
return new cCache;
]
void
cache_eval (
CLxEvalModifier &com,
CLxObject *cache,
bool exists)
{
if (exists)
<process-cache-from-previous-eval>
else
<init-cache-for-first-eval>
}
};
This evaluation pattern is also placed under the eval modifier in the metaclass tree, just like previous evaluation patterns. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Public sale
Public sale may refer to:
* An occasion when goods or property are sold in an auction
* An occasion when a company makes shares available on a stock exchange
* Public Sale (painting), a 1943 painting by the American artist Andrew Wyeth | WIKI |
zephyr zephyr - 1 year ago 176
Python Question
Get non-duplicate rows from numpy array
Let's say I have a numpy array of the form
x = np.array([[2, 5],
[3, 4],
[1, 3],
[2, 5],
[4, 5],
[1, 3],
[1, 4],
[3, 4]])
What I would like to get from this is an array which contains only the rows which are NOT duplicates, i.e., I expect from this example
array([[4, 5],
[1, 4]])
I'm looking for a method which is reasonably fast and scales well. The only way that I can think to do this is
1. First find the set of unique rows in
x
, as a new array
y
.
2. Create a new array
z
which has those individual elements of
y
removed from
x
, thus
z
is a list of the duplicated rows in
x
.
3. Do a set difference between
x
and
z
.
This seems horribly inefficient though. Anyone have a better way?
If it is important, I'm guaranteed that each of my rows will be sorted smallest to largest so that you'll never have a row be
[5, 2]
or
[3, 1]
.
Answer
Approach #1
Here's an approach based on np.unique and considering each row as an indexing tuple for efficiency (assuming that the input array has integers) -
# Consider each row as indexing tuple & get linear indexing value
lid = np.ravel_multi_index(x.T,x.max(0)+1)
# Get counts and unique indices
_,idx,count = np.unique(lid,return_index=True,return_counts=True)
# See which counts are exactly 1 and select the corresponding unique indices
# and thus the correspnding rows from input as the final output
out = x[idx[count==1]]
Note: If there is a huge number of columns in the input array, you might want to get the linear indices lid manually, for which you can use np.cumprod, like so -
lid = x.dot(np.append(1,(x.max(0)+1)[::-1][:-1].cumprod())[::-1])
Approach #2
Here's an alternative one that offloads the counting task to np.bincount, which might be more efficient for such purposes -
# Consider each row as indexing tuple & get linear indexing value
lid = np.ravel_multi_index(x.T,x.max(0)+1)
# Get unique indices and tagged indices for all elements
_,unq_idx,tag_idx = np.unique(lid,return_index=True,return_inverse=True)
# Use the tagged indices to count and look for count==1 and repeat like before
out = x[unq_idx[np.bincount(tag_idx)==1]]
Approach #3
Here's a different approach using convolution to catch such a pattern. Let the inlined comments help out to understand the underlying idea. Here goes -
# Consider each row as indexing tuple & get linear indexing value
lid = np.ravel_multi_index(x.T,x.max(0)+1)
# Store sorted indices for lid
sidx = lid.argsort()
# Append 1s at either ends of sorted and differentiated version of lid
mask = np.hstack((True,np.diff(lid[sidx])!=0,True))
# Perform convolution on it. Thus non duplicate elements would have
# consecutive two True elements, which could be caught with convolution
# kernel of [1,1]. Get the corresponding mask.
# Index into sorted indices with it for final output
out = x[sidx[(np.convolve(mask,[1,1])>1)[1:-1]]] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
#6 init.d script for RedHat Linux
Unstable_(example)
closed
nobody
None
5
2016-11-05
2002-03-26
No
Here is the /etc/init.d/ser2net script that I use
to automatically start of set2net at boot time.
#!/bin/sh
#
# ser2net Serial to network proxy
#
# chkconfig: 2345 89 3
# description: Serial to network proxy
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
SET2NET=/usr/local/sbin/ser2net
CFG=/etc/ser2net.conf
# firewall
#
if [ ! -f "$SET2NET" ]; then
exit 0
fi
if [ ! -x "$SET2NET" ]; then
echo "$0: not executable: $SET2NET" 1>&2
exit 0
fi
if [ ! -f "$CFG" ]; then
echo "$0: missing config file: $CFG" 1>&2
exit 0
fi
RETVAL=0
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
echo -n "Starting ser2net: "
daemon $SET2NET -p 9999
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/ser2net
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
echo -n "Shutting down ser2net: "
# killproc does not deal with the multiple ser2net's in some versions
PIDS="`pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID $SET2NET`"
if [ -n "$PIDS" ]; then
kill -9 $PIDS 2>&1 | grep -v 'No such pid'
PIDS="`pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID $SET2NET`"
if [ -n "$PIDS" ]; then
RETVAL=2 # some ser2net did not die
else
RETVAL=0 # we killed off all of the ser2net's
fi
else
RETVAL=1 # no ser2net's to kill
fi
case "$RETVAL" in
0) rm -f /var/lock/subsys/ser2net
success "Pre-stop ser2net -"
;;
1) rm -f /var/lock/subsys/ser2net
passed "Pre-stop ser2net -"
;;
*) failure "Pre-stop ser2net -"
;;
esac
echo
;;
status)
status ser2net
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart|reload)
$0 stop
$0 start
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: ser2net {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 4
esac
exit $RETVAL
Discussion
• (chongo) Landon Curt Noll
Logged In: YES
user_id=34397
I'll attach a file so that the formatting is not so bad.
I should have done this in the first place ... sorry!
• (chongo) Landon Curt Noll
RedHat /etc/rc.d/init.d/ser2net startup file
• (chongo) Landon Curt Noll
Logged In: YES
user_id=34397
Download the attached file:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/download.php?group_id=28625&atid=393783&file_id=81852&aid=535183
and place it in /etc/rc.d/init.d/ser2net. Now do:
chkconfig ser2net reset
A chkconfig --list ser2net will show that the ser2net
startup file is
ready to go:
ser2net 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on
6:off
You can manually start, stop and ser2net:
service ser2net start
service ser2net stop
service ser2net restart
The ser2net start script defaults to using:
CONFIG=/etc/ser2net.conf
CONTROL_PORT="127.0.0.1,9999"
That is, the control port is 9999 and listens to only
localhost AND
the config is in /etc/ser2net.con file.
You can override these defaults using the RedHat /etc/sysconfig
method. For example, if you create the file:
/etc/sysconfig/ser2net
and place in it, the lines:
CONFIG=/usr/local/etc/ser2net.conf
CONTROL_PORT="127.0.0.1,9000"
SER2NET_OPTIONS="-b"
You will cause ser2net to start with:
ser2net -p 127.0.0.1 9000 -c /usr/local/etc/ser2net.conf -n
• Corey Minyard
Corey Minyard - 2016-11-05
• Description has changed:
Diff:
• status: open --> closed
• Group: --> Unstable_(example)
• Corey Minyard
Corey Minyard - 2016-11-05
This is pretty old, and the distros should be handling init scripts as they vary a lot.
Get latest updates about Open Source Projects, Conferences and News.
Sign up for the SourceForge newsletter:
No, thanks | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File:The Degrees of Knowledge.jpg
Summary
Cover of the book, The Degrees of Knowledge, by Jacques Maritain, FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 22:05, 25 April 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Julie Thompson Klein
Deletion help
Please give me feedback regarding notability. I think this topic qualifies, however, I'm only looking to get it right.Informata ob Iniquitatum (talk) 08:21, 21 December 2016 (UTC)
I agree that she is notable. I am busy with many things, but will come to add more, particularly to establish her stature. We invited her as a core speaker and consultant in my program ~2000. Bothell130 (talk) 03:32, 13 March 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
LafargeHolcim agrees sale of Chilean business Cemento Polpaico
ZURICH (Reuters) - Cement maker LafargeHolcim (LHN.S) agreed to sell its majority-held Chilean business, Cemento Polpaico, to investment firm Inversiones Caburga Limitada. Caburga, part of the Hurtado Vicuna Group, agreed to buy the Swiss-French firm’s 54.3 percent stake with a roughly 220 million Swiss franc ($225 million) enterprise value via a public tender offer, LafargeHolcim said late on Friday. It said the offer would be extended to all of Cemento Polpaico’s shareholders. It is subject to approval by Chile’s competition authorities, which LafargeHolcim said it expected to be granted in the first half of 2017. The divestment is part of a major scaleback, extended by the group in August to target 5 billion Swiss francs of divestments by the end of 2017. With the deal’s completion, LafargeHolcim said it would exit Chile completely. Reporting by Brenna Hughes Neghaiwi; editing by John Stonestreet | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Opinion | Trump’s Counterattack Against Comey
Letters To the Editor: Re “Trump Accuses Comey of Lying to the Senate” (front page, June 10): How can President Trump say “no collusion, no obstruction,” based on the public testimony given by James B. Comey, former F.B.I. director, to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence? Everyone knows that the most sensitive information and, potentially, the most damaging, is not being released to the general public at this time, and is available only to the committee and to the special counsel, Robert Mueller, behind closed doors. ALAN GOLDFARBSAN RAFAEL, CALIF. To the Editor: The disgraceful charade in Washington has gone on long enough. It’s time for all sides to put up or shut up. If there is any evidence that Donald Trump colluded with Russia, it should be released now. If not, further insinuation that he’s involved is nothing more than a scandalous waste of time and energy. For his part, the president should turn over, or make public, any “tapes” he has and should follow through with his statement that he is willing to be questioned under oath. This should all happen immediately. The real business of the nation should not be held hostage to innuendo, leak-based sniping and early morning tweets. MARC VENEZIANO, MILTON, GA. To the Editor: Please, please do not let Donald Trump testify under oath. He will trample that process as he has almost every other convention of civilized democratic government. And how do we then explain to our children that an oath no longer has any meaning? ANNE LAMEK, ALLISTON, ONTARIO To the Editor: Our intelligence agencies have unanimously agreed that Russia interfered with the 2016 election. I am concerned that public attention has been diverted from preventing a recurrence of foreign electoral obstruction to musing about President Trump’s political vulnerabilities. We vote again in less than 18 months. Questions about the president’s conduct and possible interference into the F.B.I.’s investigation can wait. Russia can’t. Russia is the threat. Russia is the problem. Russia should be our focus. That, surely, we can all agree on. PETER PHILLIPS, MONTCLAIR, N.J. To the Editor: Regarding “Trump Calls Comey ‘Cowardly’ in Latest Twitter Outburst” (nytimes.com, June 11): It seems to me that a coward is someone who sends out tweets in the middle of the night — misleading, deceptive, indecipherable tweets — and refuses to answer questions at a news conference, instead hiding behind his press spokesmen and women when explanations are needed from the chief tweeter. It seems to me that a coward is not someone who is willing to take all questions from friends and foes, who follows the evidence and the law wherever it goes because that’s his job and he loves his country, someone who is not afraid to take on the Democratic candidate for president two weeks before the election or the president of the United States. And risk and lose his job as a result of his dedication. The latter is and will be seen historically as a hero! JOHN E. COLBERTARROYO SECO, N.M. To the Editor: Re “Resigned to President’s Woes, G.O.P. Keeps Working on Legislative Goals” (news article, June 8): In reference to James Comey’s testimony that President Trump “hoped” that he could let the investigation of Michael Flynn go, Speaker Paul Ryan said, “The president’s new at this.” Well, I’m from a small town in Indiana. I have never taken a law course and I have never served in elective office, and yet I know it is totally inappropriate to ask a law enforcement officer to influence an investigation. What exactly is it that President Trump is new at? Knowing that the United States is a country of laws? Possibly. That he actually has to obey the law? Probably. That he cannot always have his way? Undoubtedly. JANICE LILLY, BLOOMINGTON, IND. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
File:The Angel and Daniel Johnston - Live at the Union Chapel cover.jpg
Summary
'The Angel and Daniel Johnston - Live at the Union Chapel' DVD cover. Created by Karl Hall (PoinTwentyFive) from original works by Daniel Johnston. Cover design ©2008 Adjustable Productions Limited. This upload is authorized for use on Wikipedia for education purposes by permission of Adjustable Productions Limited. | WIKI |
Embrithopoda
Embrithopoda ("heavy-footed") is an order of extinct mammals known from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. Most of the embrithopod genera are known exclusively from jaws and teeth dated from the late Paleocene to the late Eocene; however, the order is best known from its terminal member, the elephantine Arsinoitherium.
Description
While embrithopods bore a superficial resemblance to rhinoceroses, their horns had bony cores covered in keratinized skin. Not all embrithopods possessed horns, either. Despite their appearance, they have been regarded as related to elephants, not perissodactyls.
As tethytheres, the Embrithopoda have been believed to be part of the clade Afrotheria. However, a study of the basal arsinoitheriid, Palaeoamasia, suggests that embrithopods are not tethytheres or even paenungulates, and that they need to be better sampled in an analysis of eutherian relationships to clarify if they are even afrotherians. It is also not clear if embrithopods originated in Africa or Eurasia. However, recent findings demonstrate an African origin for embrithopods and furthermore a relationship with other paenungulates, albeit having diverged earlier than previously thought.
Fossils of embrithopods, such as Arsinoitherium, have been found in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Mongolia, Turkey, Romania, Namibia, Tunisia and Croatia. Until the 1970s, only Arsinoitherium itself was known, appearing isolated in the fossil record.
Classification
and considered Phenacolophus from Mongolia a primitive embrithopod, although this attribution was challenged by several other authors. A 2016 cladistic study found Phenacolophus as a stem-perissodactyl and the embrithopods at the base of Altungulata. More recently, an afrothere identity has been vindicated, albeit more basal than previously assumed.
Order Embrithopoda sensu Prothero & Schoch 1989 (=Barypoda Andrews 1904 )
* Genus †Stylolophus Gheerbrant et al, 2018
* Family †Arsinoitheriidae
* Genus †Namatherium Pickford et al., 2008
* Genus †Arsinoitherium
* Family †Palaeoamasiidae
* Genus †Hypsamasia
* Genus †Palaeoamasia
* Genus †Crivadiatherium | WIKI |
Canadian Criminal Evidence/Cases/Hearsay
State of Mind
* R v Wysochan (1930) 54 CCC 172 (SKCA) -- "there's a bullet in my body" -- admitted
* R v Edwards (1994) 91 CCC 3d 123 (ONCA) -- cell phone messages suggestive of trafficking -- admitted for purpose of establishing the activities of accused and intent to respond.
Res Gestae
* R. v. Villeda, 2011 ABCA 85 -- complainant's 911 call admitted in evidence as res gestae hearsay despite issues with impairment
* R. v. Khan, 2010 ONCJ 580 -- complainant's 911 call admissible for prosecution as res gestae
General
* R. v. Deelespp, 2002 ABPC 85 (CanLII) - admitted
* R. v. Agwa and Ojulu, 2011 MBPC 21 - admitted
* R. v. Sasakamoose, 2008 SKPC 164 - rejected
* R. v. E.C., 2007 SKPC 27
* R. v. K.P.H., 2007 ABQB 728
* R. v. Kontzamanis, 2007 BCSC 1603 - dismissed
* R. v. Williams, 2006 NSCA 23, [2006] N.S.J. No. 63 (NSCA)
* R. v. Sigovin [2006] O.J. No. 1967 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)--admitted statement
* R. v. White, 2006 ABQB 888 - dismissed
* R. v. Adam et al, 2006 BCSC 1355 -
* R. v. Aronis, 2005 CanLII 2057 (ON SC), [2005] O.J. No. 286 (Ont. S.C.)
* R. v. Beekmann [2005] A.J. No. 385 (Alta. QB)
* R. v. Levesque [2004] O.J. No. 2528 (Ont. S.C.)
* R. v. A.M., 2004 ONCJ 185, [2004] O.J. No 3770 (Ont. S.C.)
* R. v. Johnson, 2004 NSCA 91, [2004] N.S.J. No. 280 (NSCA)
* R. v. Michaud, 2004 CanLII 7714 (ON CA), [2004] O.J. No. 2098, (Ont. C.A.)
* R. v. P.S.B., 2004 NSCA 25, [2004] N.S.J. No. 49 (NSCA)
* R. v. Singh [2004] O.J. No. 1799 (Ont. Ct. Jus) --Domestic offence--statement admitted
* R. v. Scott, 2004 NSCA 141, [2004] N.S.J. No. 451 (NSCA)
* R. v. Malik [2004] BCJ No. 456 (B.C.S.C.)
* R. v. Morehouse, 2004 ABQB 97, [2004] A.J. No. 123 (Alta. Q.B.)
* R. v. Strauss, 2004 SKPC 146, [2004] S.J. No. 846 (Sask. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Wodage [2004] M.J. No. 61 (Man. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Prince, 2004 BCPC 163, [2004] B.C.J. No. 1277 (BC. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Czibulka, 2004 CanLII 22985 (ON CA), [2004] O.J. No. 3273 (Ont. C.A.)
* R. v. Nolin, 2003 CanLII 5923 (MB PC), [2003] M.J. No. 270 (Man. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Wilder [2003] B.C.J. No. 2884
* R. v. Campbell, 2002 NSCA 35, [2002] N.S.J. No. 120 (NSCA)
* R. v. Nazareth [2002] O.J. No. 4085 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. Nejad, 2002 BCPC 617, [2002] B.C.J. No. 3067 (B.C. Prov. Ct.) -- domestic violence -- statement admitted-- gave different story from handwritten statement--statement consistent with 911 call and other evidence--no duress in statement, written over 45 minutes
* R. v. E.J.F., 2001 NSCA 158 (CanLII), [2001] N.S.J. No. 434 (NSCA)
* R. v. Oakley, 2001 NSPC 36, [2001] N.S.J. No. 537 (NS Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Pennell, 2001 NSPC 12, [2001] NSJ No. 211(NS Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Nguyen, 2001 ABCA 98, [2001] A.J. No. 513 (Alta. C.A.)
* R. v. Glowatski, 2001 BCCA 678 [2001] B.C.J. No. 2499 (B.C.C.A.)
* R. v. Auger [2001] N.W.T.J. No. 45 (NWT Sup. Ct.)
* R. v. Morrissey [ 2001] O.J. No. 498 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. Armstrong [2001] O.J. No. 2348 (Ont. Sup. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. J. M. [2001] O.J. No. 1748 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. Lavallee [2000] S.J. No. 43 (Sask. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Diu, 2000 CanLII 4535 (ON CA), [2000] O.J. No. 1770 (Ont. C.A.)
* R. v. Deschenes [2000] O.J. No. 4658 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. R. B. [2000] O.J. No. 1888 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. Schwartzenburg [2000] O.J. No. 2655 (Ont. S.C. Jus.) --domestic offence--not admitted--
* R. v. Van Osselaer [1999] B.C.J. No. 3140 (B.C.S.C.)
* R. v. St. Croix [1999] N.J. 214 (Nfld. S.C.)
* R. v. MacLeod [1999] O.J. No. 4325--domestic offence--statement admitted--victim claimed at trial it was accident--not under oath or video taped
* R. v. Duong [1999] O.J. No. 1651 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)
* R. v. Merz, 1999 CanLII 1647 (ON CA), (1999) 140 C.C.C. (3d) 259 (Ont. C.A.)
* R. v. Bartlett [1999] O.J. No. 3313 (Ont. Ct. Jus.)--domestic offence--statement admitted--statement given within an hour of incident, detailed and signed--witness agreed contents were reliable to what was said--
* R. v. S. H. [1998] O.J. No 613 (Ont. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Fraser, 1997 CanLII 2562 (NS SC), [1997] N.S.J. No. 541 (NSSC)
* R. v. Conway, 1997 CanLII 2726 (ON CA), (1997) 121 C.C.C. (3d) 397 (Ont C.A.)
* R. v. O’Keefe [1997] N.J. No. 314 (Nfld. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Chartrand [1997] M.J. No. 552 (Man. Q.B.)
* R. v. Mohamed [1997] O.J. No. 1298 (Ont. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. Campbell [1997] O.J. No. 5837 (Ont. Prov. Ct.)
* R. v. W.B. [1997] O.J. No. 5382 (Ont. Prov. Ct.) --domestic assault, threats--witness gave video statement, left country--admitted statement--corroboration
* R. v. Leopold [1996] N.S.J. No. 544 (NS Prov. Ct)
* R. v. Pottie [1996] N.S.J. No. 138 (NSCA)
* R. v. Collins [1996] O.J. No. 2881 (Ont Prov. Ct.)--statement admitted--recanted witness
* R. v. J.K. [1996] B.C.J. No. 2751 (B.C.Y.C.)
* R. v. Woycheshen [1996] M.J. No. 570 (Man. Prov. Ct.) -- statement not admitted --
* R. v. Smart [1995] O.J. No. 4182 (Ont. Prov. Ct.)
Deceased witness
* R. v. Chretien, 2009 CanLII 9390 (ON SC) -- video statement admitted for truth of contents under KGB
* R. v. McCotter, 2012 BCCA 54 -- statements made to co-workers before death admissible
* R. v. Candir,2009 ONCA 915 -- admissible
* R. v. Fairburn, 2009 CanLII 37714 (ONSC) -- admissible
* R. v. Mohammed, 2007 ONCA 513 -- admissible
* R. v. Assoun, 2006 NSCA 47
* R. v. Ackland, 2006 ABQB 347 -- deceased mother's statement excluded
* R. v. Solic, 2003 ABQB 1069 -- deceased gave video statement; admissible
Recanting witness
* R. v. C.M., 2012 ABPC 102 - witness gave preliminary inquiry testimony, later said that it was all a lie--prior statement admitted
* R. v. McCormack et al., 2008 ONCJ 286 -- prior written statement evidence partially admitted
* R. v. Tomlinson, 2008 CanLII 58424 (ONSC) -- oral utterance to police; inadmissible
* R. v. Devine, 2007 ABCA 49 -- girlfriend keeps changing story; ID evidence admitted
* R. v. Rombough, 2006 ABPC 262 -- video statement admitted
* R. v. Nejad, 2004 BCSC 1819 -- statement to police admitted
* R. v. Duong, 1998 CanLII 3585 (ON C.A.) -- reject prior testimony of co-accused placing accused at scene; witness proven liar
* R. v. Hrynyk, 1998 ABPC 160 -- under oath statement admitted
Forgetful witnesses
* R. v. Thomas (R.J.), 2009 MBCA 85 -- "forgetful" witness gave video statement; admitted.
* R. v. Woodard, 2009 MBCA 42 -- "forgetful" witness; prior statement admissible
* R. v. E.C., 2007 SKPC 27 -- witness "forgets"; prior statement admissible
* R. v. Moreau, 2006 NUCJ 8 -- prior statement not admitted
* R. v. Malik and Bagri, 2004 BCSC 2004 -- forgetful witness gave statement; admitted as past recollection recorded
Refusal to testify
* R. v. Cansanay, 2009 MBCA 59 -- gang members refuse to testify; overturn exclusion of statements
* R. v. U. (S.), 2007 NUCJ 20 -- statement admitted
* R. v. Goodstoney, 2005 ABQB 128 -- 2 out of 3 KGB statements rejected
* R. v. Scott, 2004 NSCA 141 -- KGB statement wrongly admitted in 2004 NSSC 13
* R. v. Charles, 1997 CanLII 9699 (SK C.A.) -- 3 prior statements inadmissible
Disabled witness
* R. v. Pearson, 1994 CanLII 8751 (BCCA)
Youthful witness
* R. v. Weselak, 1999 CanLII 14165 (MBQB) -- admitted PI testimony of child
Otherwise unavailable
* R. v. Clark, 2008 ABQB 384 -- missing witness; PI testimony admissible
* R. v. Lewis, 2003 NSPC 3 -- witness gave 2 statements, was available but failed to attend court; statement inadmissible
* R. v. May, 2012 BCSC 802 - admissible - Preliminary Inquiry transcript
Confession
* R. v. Edgar, 2010 ONCA 529 -- prior statements admitted
Misc
* R v Singh-Murray, 2011 NBPC 33 -- KGB statement not admissible
Domestic Violence cases
* R. v. Abel, 2011 NLTD 173 -- hearsay evidence of murder victim reporting multiple incidents of violence to family was inadmissible under principled approach
* R. v. Pasqualino, 2008 ONCA 554 -- admitted for est. motive, intent and animus -- statement of victim reporting past physical and verbal abuse.
* R. v. Moo, 2009 ONCA 645 -- statement by deceased reporting nature of relationship and marriage -- admitted for 1) motive, intent, and animus 2) rebut accused claim of unintentional killing and 3) credibility if accused testifies
* R. v. Candir, 2009 ONCA 915 --150 statements of deceased to show state of mind -- admitted for motive, animus and identity of killer and state of mind of killer (para 51)
* R. v. Polimac, 2010 ONCA 346 -- admitted to establish motive in domestic homicide
* R. v. Bari, 2006 NBCA 119 -- admissible to show victim's fear / state of mind
* R. v. Van Osselaer, 2002 BCCA 464 -- admissible to show nature of relationship bw accused and deceased, show motive and identity of killer, shows intent, rebut defence of accident, narrative
* R. v. Misir, 2001 BCCA 202 -- admitted to prove intent, motive and identity, and relationship between the parties
* R. v. Nickerson, [1996] N.S.J. No. 342 -- 3 witnesses recanted, saying they forgot, were intoxicated at time, were misunderstood by police--court admitted prior statements--reliability found based on separate and corroborating statements, the witnesses understood need for truth, and it was accurately recorded-- | WIKI |
Terrorism is often associated nowadays with radical extremist groups, who use terror as their only method of power to attain their goals from others. The first time “terror” was actually used however was during the French revolution. The reign of terror was seen in the aftermath of the execution of the King.
It was a product of the mentality of the revolution. With everyday that passed, the uncertainty amongst the people grew, and actions became more and more drastic. With the King no longer in the picture, the Jacobins and the Girondins were more enemies to one another than ever before.During the French Revolution, it can be debated whether or not the terror that was used can be seen as a sign of power or as a sign of weakness. Whether it was out of power or weakness, the terror was a direct result of the mentality of the revolution. King Louis XVI was executed for treason after a trial by the revolutionaries in protest against the monarchy in January of 1793.
The new government however immediately had foreign troops threatening its national sovereignty. Additionally, the country was facing civil war and internal division.The new government was under a lot of scrutiny and the National Convention needed to take action against the foreign invaders as well as the turmoil within the state. It resolved to create an alliance between the rural and urban populations in order to mobilize the country for war. The Jacobin government‘s means for persuasion-combined policies meant to address grievances while using tactics of intimidation and coercion.
The Committee of Public Safety was the executive committee of the National Convention in power and ordered mass arrests of anyone thought to be a threat to the national security.Internal enemies included deserters as well as citizens expressing disagreement with the revolutionary ideals or those who had been associated with the government under Louis XVI. It is where the issue of deciding whether or not a person was guilty of disagreeing with revolutionary ideals that great debate and shades of grey arise. There were great arguments as to what the ultimate goals of the revolution were.
Some people wanted to keep pushing the revolution further and further becoming more radical than ever.Others were content with success they had and thought the revolution had already achieved its goals and was over. For some people however, the world had no shades of grey and unless you conformed to their vision for the revolution, you were seen as guilty of treason in their eyes. Evariste Gamelin and Maximilian Robespierre are two people, among many others, whose personalities and mentalities drove the French Revolution into a state of terror. In the book, The God’s Will Have Blood, Evariste is put in the position of magistrate with the power to decide who should live and who should die.This book is an enlightening experience of the terror that took place during that time, but more importantly it is a look into the minds of those who were in power.
Evariste saw anything that was associated with the “Old Regime” as evil. Even with the art that was popular from the old regime, he denounced it and began to do his work in only charcoals. It is often said that art is a reflection of society and with Gamelin’s work; it is a direct interpretation of his views on society. His artwork had no color only black and white, just as he saw the world.To Evariste, judgment was black or white, right or wrong, good and evil. It was a very rigid time with no room for error under the unforgiving eyes of those in power.
In March 1793, the Paris Revolutionary Tribunal was established and the Law of Suspects was issued. The Law of Suspects was a means to detain the suspected unpatriotic citizens in order to discourage counter-revolutionary action. The arrest of suspects by surveillance committees was directed at those who, by word, action or status, were associated with “the Ancien Regime. The suspects included a wide array of citizens from nobles and office holders to women left to represent family names, to clergy and shopkeepers. All government bodies and the army were placed under the control of the Committee, which had to report weekly to the Convention.
This is where in the extreme view of people like Robespierre and Gamelin, people were inflicted with panic and fear. Some people who were not counter-revolutionaries could be convicted of based merely on their lifestyle.Living wealthily was associated suddenly with the old regime. Having indulgences was frowned upon and perusing a simple life was patriot way of the citizens.
All of these things began to be associated with evil and corruption in the eyes of Gamelin and Robespierre. That October began the series of executions by guillotine, and so began the Reign of Terror. The sweeping brutality of the Terror in France utilized the guillotine, propaganda, intimidation, coercion, firing squads, detentions, and surveillance to discourage political opposition.All such opposition at this time was considered treachery and punishable with the threat of execution. If you were seen just talking with someone who might be suspected of treason, then you as well could find yourself being accused of treason as well.
It was that easy to be sentenced to execution at that time. Those in power were extremely mistrusting of everyone around them, and the people of France were made to feel fear to even talk to members of their own family. With this kind of terror stricken mindset, a country cannot be organized or powerful.Despite what was actually happening in France it was the revolutionaries intent above all else to not slow or hinder the momentum of change in France from monarchial rule to popular sovereignty rising out of the revolution of 1789.
The most drastic leader behind them all was Maximilian Robespierre, who was one of the leading members on the Committee of Public safety. He was often thought of as “the incorruptible” and his inability to see the world in anything less than good and evil was one of the main forces behind the terror used in the Revolution.The purpose of the terror differed among Convention members as well as among the Committee of Public Safety members. For some members it was intended to maximize the war effort, but for others it was used for more ideological purposes. Robespierre, who was very much like Gamelin, was one of those members who utilized the terror to benefit his own ideological preferences of the world.
He and his supporters held much higher aims for the Terror than gaining victory in the war. Robespierre's vision was for society to become regenerated, self-denying, and virtuous; for him, this was the absolute basis for the Revolution.His ultimate goal was to cleanse society of all those who in his mind were not worthy of the new Republic he was trying to create. Robespierre believed men were born virtuous, but were then corrupted by society.
His efforts to conform society to his standards of morality were unsuccessful and along with his associates, he pushed to continue the Terror further. Robespierre and his supporters became more and more isolated, because for the majority of the Convention, the Terror was not for perfecting society but for the realization of peace.For this majority, the political and economic controls of the Terror were temporary and necessary means to obtain order in the new regime; it was not a method of supporting an ideology. Eventually, even the Jacobin supporters of Robespierre felt that the Reign of Terror should come to an end. In 1794, the Committee had finally had enough.
Robespierre was consequently arrested and sentenced to death. With the execution of Robespierre by the guillotine, France saw the end of the Reign of Terror by.Ultimately, the devastation during the Reign of Terror is estimated to have encompassed tens of thousands of French citizens throughout the country who were executed for being enemies of the revolution. A large number of these people were probably more specifically enemies of Robespierre and his high standards of virtue. What distinguishes the terrorism that was waged during the Reign of Terror in France from “freedom fighting” that we see in some countries today, is that violence was used not just as a weapon but also as a means of creating fear and paranoia in the masses.
The Jacobins were originally revolutionaries with high ideals to liberate France from monarchial rule. They wanted to keep the power they had gained against external and internal enemies, but their terrorist tactics and unrealistic ideals for society overshadowed their goals for better government. Ultimately the inability of those in power, who were once thought of as enlightened, failed to exercise their power responsibly, thus leading to the rise of power of Napoleon Bonaparte, who would rule France as a dictatorship. | FINEWEB-EDU |
thesis_access.pdf (5.23 MB)
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The Hydrological Viability of Te Harakiki Wetland, Waikanae
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thesis
posted on 09.11.2021, 00:22 by Law, Rebecca Anne
Wetlands are unique natural resources that play an important role in the hydrological cycle. There is a dynamic link between wetland hydrology and inputs from both surface and groundwater resources. Shallow groundwater abstraction near the Te Harakiki wetland at Waikanae has the potential to impact on the wetland' hydrosystem. To assess the likelihood of this occurring, a detailed analysis of recent changes, the hydrological regime, and the water balance of the Te Harakiki Wetland system was undertaken. The hydrological regime of the wetland system was assessed by various monitoring sites established around Te Harakiki to measure rainfall, soil moisture, surface and groundwater levels. Analysis of (decadal) historical aerial photographs allowed changes in spatial extent of the open water habitat (lagoon) and the urban area of Waikanae Beach. Comparisons were made between wetland extent, population increase and urban area expansion. These data, together with a simple water balance, and historical climatic records, were used to explain the drastic decrease in wetland extent. Climatic factors and goundwater are the major driving forces behind the wetland's hydrologic regime. The surface water outflow from the system is greater than the surface water inflow, but this may be affected by the tides. The surface and groundwater systems in the area are closely linked. They have similar responses to rainfall events. Groundwater abstraction in the area appears to have minimal impact on the water level within the wetland. The exact nature and extent of abstraction around the wetland is unknown. The reduction in flood pulsing as a result of channel modification, and the fragmentation of the area for the construction of the oxidation ponds are the likely explanation. The current restoration efforts in regard to controlling pest species and excluding stock from the wetland have halted the decline in wetland area. The future of the Te Harakiki wetland system is now more positive.
History
Copyright Date
01/01/2008
Date of Award
01/01/2008
Publisher
Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington
Rights License
Author Retains Copyright
Degree Discipline
Physical Geography
Degree Grantor
Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington
Degree Level
Masters
Degree Name
Master of Science
Victoria University of Wellington Item Type
Awarded Research Masters Thesis
Language
en_NZ
Victoria University of Wellington School
School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences
Advisors
McConchie, Jack | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Tuxedo (software)
Merge with BEA Systems
This is a pretty small page. Could we merge it into BEA systems? WP:CORP:
* "Information on products and services should generally be included in the article on the company itself, unless the company is so large that this would make the article unwieldy".
Saganaki- 06:34, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
Also, e-commerce did not exist at the time AT&T invented the initial version of this product back in 1984. Todd 19:51, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
It was useful for me to find an article with the Tuxedo name so that I can get a pointer directly from the product name to a breif description and more links. Thus, I would not remove this article. <IP_ADDRESS> 23:38, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
I have added fuller descriptions of the capabilities of Tuxedo and don't feel that merging this with the BEA Systems page makes sense given the number of their products. As well Tuxedo had a life long before BEA acquired it from Novell. I have removed the reference to e-commerce and updated the intro based upon the Tuxedo book by Andrade, et. al. Toddinpal 20:13, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
* This article is excellent - concise but complete description of this venerable SW system. Let's not drown it in BEA article. --bonzi (talk) 15:04, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
BEA acquisition by Oracle
It appears that BEA has been acquired by Oracle corporation, and the BEA brand is showing evidence of being submerged by Oracle's branding. Anyone knowledgable care to comment? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:14, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
Tuxedo History
If anyone were interested, there is more to the history of this product/package than just the brief mention of AT&T's involvement.
Here is my own understanding, based on not one, but actually two separate involvements with Tuxedo predecessors while working at AT&T. In 1985 or 1986, I was working on a project at AT&T as a contractor where they were developing a system for PBX's using a platform called "CORE" (I forget now what that stood for). It used Packet Manipulation Langauge (PML) to store and retrieve information. The PML packets were passed using the same Bulletin Board mechanism referred to in the article. There were several layers to the CORE system, including the user level APIs as well as interfaces for the data storage which was specified by something called Database Manipulation Language (DML). The physical storage layer implementation (called Physical Layer), as I recall, could be separated from the logical implementation (called Logical Layer) of the data. At that time, there was only one of each, but it opened the possibility of very diverse and varied solutions for any number of hardware platforms and applications requirements.
I was only on that project for about 6 months. A few years later, about 1988 or so, I was working at another location at AT&T, this time as an employee, in the Unix Technical Support Division (UTSD) in Piscataway, NJ. That division supported a number of commercial and internal software products for the Unix platform. My group was responsible for databases, and I was assigned to the Tuxedo /T package (a coworker supported the /D). As I read the documentation, which included a description of FML, I recognized the format and recalled some of the names used in the examples, and I remembered having worked on a very similar product! I put in a call to someone who had worked on the other project and he confirmed that, indeed, some of the developers of the CORE tool they were using split off to create the Tuxedo product. So there was a connection. The FML had been renamed from PML, and maybe a couple of other changes. The basic database and TP monitor (Bulletin Board) were for the most part architecturally identical. Essentially, I was supporting the same architecture as the other project had been using.
At that time, there was talk of replacing the database portion, called "the Dux" until version 3.0, and thereafter "/D." The /D portion, it seems to me now, pretty much what is today called a "NoSQL" database... I've also heard it referred to as Codasyl and maybe some other descriptions. The flexibility of the CORE/Tuxedo architecture would easily permit that to happen, too. RDBMS was all the rage in the late 1980's so this seemed justified, and my group worked on Informix, Ingress, Teradata, and a few others so we could try integrating these with /T and compare performance. This was easily accomplished, though I'm not sure if we every thoroughly benchmarked all of them against one another using the TP monitor (first called "the Tux", then "/T" from Tuxedo 3.0 on). It is very interesting to see Oracle and others patting themselves on the back for cleverly inserting Tuxedo's TP monitor into their line as middleware interfacing to myriad other DBMS's when we had been doing that a good 20 years before.
I am not too clear on what Novell did with Tuxedo, but I think I heard that when BEA got it, they dropped the database (/D) completely, leaving the product solely a TP monitor. The reason I mention this part is that the wiki page on NoSQL does not mention /D or Dux, DML, or related. I wonder if this now forgotten part of the history belongs on that page being that it was sort of a fore-runner of the current offerings (just for completeness).
Sorry for the long-windedness; that's how I write stuff. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:45, 11 April 2013 (UTC) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:47, 11 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Illinois children must stay in rear-facing car seat until age 2, new law says
(iStock) Children in Illinois must remain in a rear-facing car seat until they are two years old, thanks to a new measure that was officially signed into law on Friday. The legislation requires that children remain in a rear-facing car seat unless they are at least 40 pounds or 40 inches tall, Peoria Public Radio reported . PLASTIC CONTAINERS POSE HEALTH RISKS FOR CHILDREN, PEDIATRICIANS WARN The change in law comes years after the Academy of Pediatrics recommended the same thing in 2011. Studies show that children this age are “75 percent less likely to die or be severely injured in a crash if they are riding rear-facing,” the academy said at the time. GIRL, 3, CONTRACTS BACTERIAL INFECTION AFTER TRIP TO FLORIDA BEACH, MOM SAYS Before it became law, the measure passed unanimously in the state’s House of Representatives, while it received just one “nay” vote in the Senate, Peoria Public Radio reported. On first offense, violators could face a $75 fine, while second offenses could cost up to $200. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Fingernail Fungus is also known as Onychomycosis (say it as “On-ee-ko-my-ko-sis”). This fungal infection attacks the fingers as well as toes and it can be hard to find a Fingernail Fungus remedy. Fingernail Fungus occurs when a fungus causes an infection on one or more nails. It often starts off as a light or dark spot just under the tip of your nail. When it spreads, it can change the color of your nail. Gradually, the nails become thicker and start to crumble at the edges. Obviously Fingernail Fungus not only looks bad but is also bring pain into your everyday life.
You are probably curious why this happens. Very often it is because your nails are exposed to a lot of warm moisture, say sweaty shoes, shower floors etc. It is important to get Fingernail Fungus treatment as quickly as possible so that it does not repeat.
Thicker nails – making it tough to trim, becoming so painful that you cant even wear your shoes without wincing with pain
Nails that break easily or look ragged and flaky
Nails that have changed shape6
Nails that seem dull
Nails that are darker in color because of dirt under the nail.
Nails with little bumps
Smelly nails where the infected nail can come apart from your nail bed, making it smelly and painful.
Onychomycosis is seen more often in toenails rather than fingernails. Specifically, toenail fungus thrives in warm and moist environments like inside our shoes making the toenails change color. Of course, the signs of Fingernail Fungus differ depending on the type of Fingernail Fungus infection and how long the infection has been there.
Fingernail Fungus is more common in people who are older for a variety of reasons like:
Slower blood circulation
Longer exposure to fungus
Slower nail growth thickening with age
This leaves the elderly more open to the infection. In fact, males are more prone to Fingernail Fungus. If there is a family history of Fingernail Fungus, that matters too because the resistance to this is sometimes affected by genetics.
Those suffering from Fingernail Fungus also turn out to be those who sweat excessively or work in humid and moist environments. Some people wear socks and shoes that don’t provide for proper ventilation, trapping in the sweat. Sometimes a small skin or nail injury, damaged nails can invite Fingernail Fungus. Existing medical conditions like a weak immune system and diabetes make some people highly susceptible to Fingernail Fungus.
While Fingernail Fungus can be highly contagious, the good news is that there are good Fingernail Fungus cures today. Remember that the moment you notice any of the signs of Fingernail Fungus described above, it is time to look for a Fingernail Fungus remedy. It would be wise to check with your doctor so that he can make a diagnosis and suggest the right Fingernail Fungus treatment.
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Multiply Two Matrices in C++
This article will explain several methods of how to multiply two matrices in C++.
Use Serial Implementation to Multiply Two Matrices in C++
Matrix multiplication is one of the most commonly used operations across a wide range of engineering solutions. Thus, there are various algorithms to improve the performance on different hardware platforms. These algorithms often utilize concurrent programming as well as matrix tiling to accelerate matrix multiplication. In this case, though, we implement a straightforward algorithm that executes serially without any explicit optimizations.
At first, we need to implement some utility functions to help allocate and initialize matrices to operate with. Note that we are implementing the code so that the programmer can modify ROW and COL constant integers to specify the matrix dimensions. allocateMatrix function allocates the array of arrays and initializes elements with zero values. Next, initilizeMatrix function is called that generates random numbers in range - [0, 100) and stores them as matrix elements. Notice that there’s also a function that prints the matrix elements to the cout stream to verify the calculation results.
The multiplyMatrix function implements a simple triple-nested for loop to multiply two matrices and store the results in the preallocated third matrix. The result matrix dimensions are taken from the first matrix rows and the second matrix columns. Mind that, the loop order is quite important for the multiplication performance. E.g., if we move the innermost for statement in the middle, there’s an almost guaranteed performance boost expected. The performance improvement is caused by the cache memories that are located in almost every contemporary CPU. Cache memory is faster than the main memory, and it stores contiguous memory blocks when the data is retrieved. Thus, the next data retrieval can be served from caches themselves.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
using std::cout; using std::endl;
using std::setw; using std::vector;
constexpr int ROW = 2;
constexpr int COL = 3;
void initilizeMatrix(int **m, int row, int col)
{
for(auto i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
for(auto j = 0; j < col; ++j) {
m[i][j] = rand() % 100;
}
}
}
void printMatrix(int **m, int row, int col)
{
for(auto i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
for(auto j = 0; j < col; ++j) {
cout << setw(5) << m[i][j] << "; ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int **allocateMatrix(int row, int col)
{
int **matrix = new int*[row];
for(int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
matrix[i] = new int[col]{0};
}
return matrix;
}
int deallocateMatrix(int **matrix, int row)
{
for(int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
delete matrix[i];
}
delete [] matrix;
return 0;
}
int **multiplyMatrix(int **m1, int row1, int col1, int **m2, int row2, int col2)
{
if (col1 != row2)
return nullptr;
auto ret = allocateMatrix(row1, col2);
int i,j,k;
for(i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
for(k = 0; k < col1; k++) {
ret[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j];
}
}
}
return ret;
}
int main(){
int **matrix1 = allocateMatrix(ROW, COL);
int **matrix2 = allocateMatrix(COL, ROW);
initilizeMatrix(matrix1, ROW, COL);
initilizeMatrix(matrix2, COL, ROW);
printMatrix(matrix1, ROW, COL);
cout << endl;
printMatrix(matrix2, COL, ROW);
auto result = multiplyMatrix(matrix1, ROW, COL, matrix2, COL, ROW);
cout << endl;
printMatrix(result, ROW, ROW);
deallocateMatrix(matrix1, ROW);
deallocateMatrix(matrix2, COL);
deallocateMatrix(result, ROW);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Output:
83; 86; 77;
15; 93; 35;
86; 92;
49; 21;
62; 27;
16126; 11521;
8017; 4278;
Finally, it’s important to free all the memory resources used by the matrices before the program exits. deallocateMatrix function is implemented so that it takes a matrix pointer and rows in it to delete each element in the object. Notice that the result matrix allocated in the multiplyMatrix function scope should also be deallocated explicitly.
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JP Saxe
Jonathan Percy Starker "JP" Saxe (born March 23, 1993) is a Canadian singer and musician. He is best known for his collaboration with American singer Julia Michaels titled "If the World Was Ending" which was released in 2019. The song was nominated for a 2021 Grammy. His "hero" grandfather, noted cellist János Starker, was a multiple nominee and Grammy winner.
2017–2018: Both Can Be True: Part 1
Between April 2017 and March 2018, JP Saxe released the singles, "Changed", "Anybody Else" and "The Few Things". In November 2018, he released "25 in Barcelona" as the lead single from his debut EP. He released his debut EP, Both Can Be True: Part 1, on November 8, 2018.
2019–present: Hold It Together
He released the singles "Same Room" and "Women Who Look Like You" between June and August 2019. He released "If the World Was Ending" as the lead single from his second EP. He released "Sad Corny Fuck" as the second single from his second EP, in February 2020. He released his second EP, Hold It Together, on February 7, 2020. It peaked at number 53 on the Canadian Albums Chart. He features on Lennon Stella's single "Golf on TV".
In April 2020, JP Saxe and Julia Michaels re-released "If the World Was Ending" with other artists including Sam Smith, H.E.R., Alessia Cara, Sabrina Carpenter, Niall Horan, Keith Urban and Finneas O'Connell, who produced the song. Each artist filmed their part on their phones from their homes while self-isolating and features on the music video. Saxe explained that the collaboration was inspired by covers of the song he saw online, and he then texted the featured artists to ask if they'd want to get involved. All proceeds benefit Doctors Without Borders, where one of Saxe's friends worked, and the video ends with a special message from a participating doctor about the impact of COVID-19 on countries where many of the doctors are stationed. In a statement, Saxe and Michaels said, "We are so grateful for the incredible work being done by those on the frontlines during this global pandemic. At a time when it can sometimes feel like 'the world is ending', we thank all of the healthcare workers, first responders, and essential workers who are helping so many people in need. Please stay home, stay safe (and don't actually go over!)"
His song "Same Room" was shortlisted for the 2020 SOCAN Songwriting Prize.
In 2023, he participated in an all-star recording of Serena Ryder's single "What I Wouldn't Do", which was released as a charity single to benefit Kids Help Phone's Feel Out Loud campaign for youth mental health.
In April 2023, he released "I Don't Miss You", co-written with John Mayer. | WIKI |
User:Mrrogersingh/sandbox
Roger Singh b. 1965 in Guyana. Migrated to the United States in 1974, grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Deputy Inspector in the Suffolk County, New York Auxiliary Police, Division Staff Officer in the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, and former Financial Advisor.
Early Life Born in Port Mourant Hospital in Corentyne, Berbice, Guyana and lived in Bloomfield Village until age of eight when he migrated to the United States with his parents. Attended Public School in New York City. P.S. 11, P.S. 20, Rothschild Junior High School 294, and John Dewey High School where he earned a diploma in 1983 with honors in Social Studies. Attended New York City Technical College, and then Bernard M. Baruch College of the City University of New York, earning a Bachelor of Science in 1989, majoring in Marketing Management. Career After a brief stint in the United States Marine Corps, started as an intern at the prestigious investment banking firm of Shearson Lehman Hutton, then owned by American Express. After five years, moved to MetLife Financial and for the next six years, won numerous awards for production and leadership. Promoted to manager in 1998, he left the company in 2000 and set out to become an entrepreneur. For the next eight years of self-employment, he was able to return to higher education to earn an MA and a Ph.D. Personal Married Davie in 1999, three children, Roger, Jr. 21, Sanjay 19, and Jayna 13, lives in Deer Park, New York. Publications Nonprofits Providing a Public Good to Immigrants in New York Forthcoming: Journey to the Dream, 2022 | WIKI |
Talk:Graham Priest
LLL
I love that someone just asked for a citation, rather than considering this vandalism. Knowing Priest, this might just be true:
He is also known as the Prince of Darkness in the Logician Liberation League[citation needed].
I've removed it, though. Llamabr (talk) 15:32, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
Llamabr, Graham is known this way in the Logician's Liberation League. You can find a more or less up to date list of the members of the LLL arranged by their moniker on JC Beal's staff profile page: http://homepages.uconn.edu/~jcb02005/. I am not sure that this fact belongs in the article though - probably good enough to have it here on the talk page. --Taekwandean (talk) 12:39, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
picture
additional picture available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graham_Priest_Sept_2010.JPG
Neozoon 21:41, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
"Selected" Works?
This list of articles has to be cut way, way back. It would be better done by someone with a deep knowledge of his work so that his most important work is represented but, some way, it needs to be reduced to no more than a dozen titles. Liz Read! Talk! 11:44, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
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Nilson André
Nilson de Oliveira André (born 30 January 1986) is a Brazilian track and field athlete who competes in the 100 metres and 200 metres events. He is the reigning South American champion in the 100 m and the 4×100 metres relay. He also won medals at the Military World Games in 2011.
Born in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, he began sprinting as a schoolchild. His first international competitions came in 2003 and he won the a gold medal at the South American Junior Athletics Championships with the 4×100 metres relay team. He was a finalist in both the 100 m and 200 m at the 2003 World Youth Championships in Athletics. He won a second relay gold at the 2005 South American Junior Championships. André ran a personal best of 10.47 seconds at the Brazilian Championships in 2006, but failed to match this at the 2006 South American Games, being eliminated in the heats.
He further improved his 100 m and 200 m times in 2007 (running 10.35 and 20.77 seconds respectively), and also won his first senior medal at the 2007 South American Championships in Athletics, where he anchored home to victory the Brazilian 4×100 metres relay team of Sandro Viana, Vicente de Lima and Basílio de Morães. The following year, he took advantage of the altitude of the Julia Iriarte meeting in Cochabamba to run personal bests of 10.22 and 20.67 seconds. He won the 100 m title at the 2006 South American U23 Athletics Championships and also won the 200 m bronze medal. The highlights of his 2009 season came at the World Military Track and Field Championships, where he was a 200 m semi-finalist and won gold in the relay.
The Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo in 2010 saw André produce personal bests of 10.21 and 20.61 seconds in the sprints, then at the 2010 Ibero-American Championships he won a 100/200 m sprint double. At the Troféu Brasil de Atletismo national event, was runner-up over 100 m and third in the 200 m. Although he did not improve upon his placings at the national event in 2011, he had a career breakthrough: he won his first individual medal at continental level at the 2011 South American Championships in Athletics, taking the 100 m gold medal, then won a second gold with the Brazilian relay team. He also reached the podium twice at the 2011 Military World Games, winning the bronze in the 100 m and gold in the relay for the host nation in Rio de Janeiro. | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/United States presidential election, 2016
Delete, focus on 2012 and se what happens then. | WIKI |
George HOLTZ, Plaintiff, v. JEFFERSON SMURFIT CORPORATION, doing business as Stone Container Corporation, doing business as Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Defendant.
No. 1:04CV00827.
United States District Court, M.D. North Carolina.
Jan. 4, 2006.
Joshua Nathan Levy, Levy Law Offices, Raleigh, NC, William Eric Medlin, Robertson Medlin & Troutman, PLLC, Greensboro, NC, for Plaintiff.
Fred T. Hamlet, Greensboro, NC, for Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION and ORDER
OSTEEN, District Judge.
Plaintiff George Holtz (“Plaintiff’) filed this action against Defendant Jefferson Smurfit Corporation (“Defendant”) alleging violations of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 621 et seq., the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1001 et seq., and North Carolina public policy. Before this court are the following motions, including responses and replies: (1) Plaintiffs Motion for Reconsideration of 10/24/2005 Minute Entry; (2) Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Supplemental Affidavit of Jim Seel and Portions of Defendant’s Reply Brief; (3) Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Portions of Defendant’s Supplemental Brief in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment; (4) Defendant’s Motion to Strike and Exclude from Evidence Portions of Affidavit of George Holtz and Plaintiffs Exhibits 49 and 59; and (5) Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. For the reasons stated below, the court will grant Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Portions of Defendant’s Supplemental Brief in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, will deny Plaintiffs remaining motions, and will grant Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Defendant’s motion to strike is denied as moot.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff began working for Defendant during 1986 in an Illinois-based plant. Defendant is a manufacturer of paperboard and paper-based packaging, including, for example, tissue boxes. In November 1995, Defendant transferred Plaintiff to its Greensboro plant to the position of Finishing Manager. Defendant’s primary customer for the Greensboro plant was Kimberly-Clark, a manufacturer of personal-hygiene products. The Greensboro plant would print and assemble boxes for Kimberly-Clark’s products. Jim Seel (“Seel”), during 1996, became the General Manager of the Greensboro plant. Seel chose Plaintiff to fill a vacant Plant Manager position on May 1, 1999. Randy Hearn formerly held the position. Because he failed to perform adequately as Plant Manager, he was relocated to the corporate offices.
As Plant Manager, Plaintiff was responsible for the plant’s overall performance. Seel and members of a “steering team” had management control as well. Members of the steering team included Plaintiff, Dave Smith (Quality Manager), Linda Panther (Warehouse Manager), and Betty Blackwell, who Rodney Thompson later replaced (Finishing Department Manager). Plaintiff was the immediate supervisor to Smith, Panther, Blackwell, and Thompson. The entire plant, moreover, was under Plaintiffs supervision, and for most plant problems, “[t]he buck stop[ped] with [Plaintiff].” (Holtz Dep. at 118.) Thus, Plaintiff was responsible for the lower managers’ performance.
During his first years as Plant Manager, Plaintiff decreased spoilage, which is a measure of how much product is wasted in the box manufacturing process. As a result, in 2000, the Greensboro plant reached record profits. Thus, in the initial years, Plaintiffs performance was more than satisfactory to Defendant.
During October 2002, Defendant began to expand its Kimberly-Clark orders by making boxes for feminine-care products. This expansion caused changes at the plant. Employees had to be trained for new types of boxes, and labor and equipment costs increased. The finishing department also had old equipment that did not run at full capacity. Furthermore, Defendant’s agreement limited Kimberly-Clark’s costs and required new capital investment to prepare for the feminine-care products, both of which negatively affected Defendant’s profits.
In late 2002 onward, Plaintiffs performance began to decline. Defendant started receiving an increasing number of complaints from Kimberly-Clark about quality issues, some of which were substantial. In one incident during 2003, at least 250,000 cartons of material had to be reprocessed, causing Defendant to incur excessive overtime and other costs. (Holtz Dep. at 57.) Plaintiff alleges other quality control problems were much less severe, but they, nonetheless, still occurred. These escalated during the first quarter of 2003. Dave Smith received at least some of Kimberly-Clark’s complaints, and Plaintiff addressed the complaints that Smith relayed. Plaintiff blames his inability to address problems on Smith, who did not inform Plaintiff of all of Kimberly-Clark’s complaints.
On March 26, 2003, Plaintiffs last employee evaluation occurred. (Seel Dep. Ex. 4.) This review was overall favorable, which was consistent with Plaintiffs past performance reviews. Seel states this evaluation covered the entire preceding year, and Plaintiffs work during that entire year warranted a favorable review. Plaintiffs deposition asserts Seel gave Plaintiff no indication of displeasure with his work (Holtz Dep. at 105), but Seel noted, however, in Plaintiffs review that
[although the plant performed very well thro[ugh] 2002, performance in the first quarter of 2003 has been poor as a result of poor planning, maintenance,] and training in the [Finishing [Department. The Finishing Department Manager has now been demoted to a shift supervisor[,] and [Plaintiff] has begun rebuilding the department^] however the slownes[s] to react and failure to recognize the magnitude of the problems ha[ve] been severely detrimental to the profitability and credibility of the plant. Improvements in spoilage and performance over the last year were reversed during the past [six] months.
(Id.) Thus, Plaintiffs review indicated a number of problems Plaintiff should investigate and ameliorate as Plant Manager.
In March through April 2003, quality continued to drop significantly. Daily problems with Kimberly-Clark’s products occurred, and quality complaints increased throughout 2003’s second quarter. Defendant’s employees constantly fixed defectively manufactured boxes, which Plaintiff admits drove up costs. (See Holtz Dep. at 54.) The plant lost over $230,000 in the first two quarters of 2003. During this period, Plaintiff was also to “rebuild[ ] the Finishing Department by training operators, repairing equipment, [and] installing [a] quality control scanner,” none of which occurred. (Def.’s Mem. Supp. Mot. Summ. J. at 5.) On June 7, 2003, Plaintiff failed to ensure proper management coverage on a weekend, which was his responsibility.
Mike Weisheit, vice president and regional general manager for Defendant, Dave Pietrowicz, and Dan Nolan, a division engineer, visited the Greensboro plant several times from mid-April through June 2003. In mid-May 2003, Weisheit and Nolan noted Plaintiff never installed new equipment in the Finishing Department. In early June, Weisheit and Pietrowicz noted Defendant’s warehouse was in disarray by having more bad product than good, which they blamed on Plaintiff and Linda Panther, the warehouse manager. Weisheit did not speak to Plaintiff about this matter, and no one took action against Panther. Plaintiff had received, however, numerous other verbal and written informal warnings, including emails, about his deficiencies.
On July 9, 2003, Seel told Plaintiff that he was being removed as Plant Manager because of his failure to close out orders. From a meeting on July 14, 2003, among Seel, Weisheit, and Plaintiff, and a letter on that same day from Seel, Plaintiff learned that “[a]s a result of your continuing poor performance as Plant Manager as evidenced by the lack of control of spoilage, closing of orders, cost improvements, equipment maintenance, and administrative organization of the production group, you are being removed from your position as Plant Manager.” (Pl.’s Resp. Opp’n Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. Ex. 20.) No other steering committee members, all of whom were individually responsible for some of these problems and all of whom were younger than Plaintiff, received disciplinary actions.
Defendant took two separate employment actions against Plaintiff. Defendant first placed Plaintiff as a Process Improvement Technician with the Stroud Consulting Group (“Stroud”) in the Greensboro plant until September 15, 2003. Stroud was a separate entity from Defendant, but apparently, Plaintiff still worked for Defendant in this position. At the end of that period, Defendant would reassess Defendant’s need for Plaintiff and Plaintiffs overall performance. The evaluation never occurred, and Stroud terminated its Greensboro project around early September 2003 to start a project in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Plaintiff did not go to Valley Forge, and Defendant then terminated Plaintiffs employment as the Stroud position was gone and no further positions existed for Plaintiff. Plaintiffs replaeement was Tom Elphick, who was younger than Plaintiff.
Plaintiff contends Defendant’s employment actions against him differed from its employment actions taken against other steering team members who failed to perform, including Randy Hearn, Betty Blackwell, Ed Dieter, Scott Headley, and Jeff Kyber. Plaintiff also contends the method through which he learned of his deficiencies differed from what younger employees, such as Tom Coggin, received. Cog-gin received formal, written warnings.
Plaintiff points to two other key facts that establish his various claims: (1) Defendant’s ERISA retirement plan and (2) Seel’s statements to Plaintiff about his age. Defendant, throughout the relevant periods, maintained an ERISA retirement plan for the employees. The benefit amount depended on, among other factors, the employee’s length of service. Plaintiff inquired many times about his benefit amount if he were to retire. His last inquiry was in January 2008. He received a response around May 29, 2003, from Tracy Parrish, the human resources manager. Plaintiff remarked that the amount was not enough for him to live on if he were to retire. Parrish laughed at the comment.
Plaintiff also alleges Seel made age-related comments during these periods. The first statement occurred sometime in August or September 2002. Seel told Plaintiff the Greensboro plant would possibly be reorganized, and either Seel or Plaintiff would lose his position in Greensboro, which could include Plaintiff relocating to a facility outside of Greensboro. When Plaintiff stated, “I’ll leave Greensboro, you know. I don’t care. I’ll move,” Seel told Plaintiff, ‘You’re old enough to retire so you don’t have to worry about it.” (Holtz Dep. 94-95.) Plaintiff also asserts in his brief opposing Defendant’s motion for summary judgment that Seel stated, “There you go, [Plaintiff], you can get the senior discount.” (Pl.’s Mem. Law Opp’n Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. at 16.)
Another statement occurred sometime during August or September 2002. Plaintiff stated to Seel after attending a management meeting, “That [meeting] was boring as hell. I almost fell asleep.” (Holtz Dep. at 222.) Seel replied, “You’re just getting too old for this stuff.” (Id.)
Two statements occurred early in 2003. Seel stepped into Plaintiffs office and stated, ‘You have to do something with that tee because we’re getting-we’re both getting too old for this bullshit.” (Id.) In a separate statement, Seel and Plaintiff were trying to resolve a problem with a certain printing machine. Plaintiff was working underneath machinery and became quite dirty. Seel, upon seeing Plaintiff, stated Plaintiff was too old to be climbing under the machines. Finally, Seel asked Plaintiff if he were going to retire and leave Seel stuck in the Greensboro factory by himself. From these facts, Plaintiff derives his ADEA, ERISA, and state law claims.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Plaintiffs Motion for Reconsideration of 10/20/2005 Minute Entry
Plaintiff moves this court to reconsider a minute entry on the docket sheet made pursuant to U.S. Magistrate Judge Eliason’s oral order. The text of the entry, taken from this court’s electronic docket sheet, is as follows:
Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge RUSSELL A. ELIASON: Motion Hearing held on 10/20/2005 re 17 MOTION for Protective Order filed by JEFFERSON SMURFIT CORPORATION. The Motion for Protective Order (# 17) is granted in part, and denied in part as stated in open court. Plaintiffs Response and Motion in Limine (pldg.# 19) is denied. (Court Reporter Jane Calhoun.) (Williamson, Wanda) (Entered: 10/20/2005).
Plaintiffs argument is that in a prior order, Judge Eliason stated, within that order’s confines, Defendant’s only justification for firing Plaintiff was his failure to close out orders timely. See Order of 7/14/2005. Plaintiff now argues the 10/20/2005 minute entry should reflect Judge Eliason’s statement within his 7/14/2005 order. This limitation is also what Plaintiff sought in his motion in limine, which Judge Eliason denied in the 10/20/2005 order. Thus, Plaintiff wants this court to grant the motion in limine that Judge Eliason denied.
A district judge “shall modify or set aside any portion of the magistrate judge’s order [on a nondispositive matter] found to be clearly erroneous or contrary to law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(a). Plaintiff, while not arguing under this standard, states the “law of this case” is that Defendant is limited in the justifications he may proffer for Plaintiffs termination. “Unlike the more precise requirements of res judicata, law of the case is an amorphous concept. As most commonly defined, the doctrine posits that when a court decides upon a rule of law, that decision should continue to govern the same issues in subsequent stages in the same case.” Arizona v. California, 460 U.S. 605, 618, 103 S.Ct. 1382, 1391, 75 L.Ed.2d 318 (1983). “Under law of the case doctrine, as now most commonly understood, it is not improper for a court to depart from a prior holding if convinced that it is clearly erroneous and would work a manifest injustice.” Id. at 619 n. 8, 103 S.Ct. at 1391 n. 8. For this analysis, this court will assume this rule applies to Judge Eliason’s 7/14/2005 order.
Plaintiff argues that in the 7/14/2005 order, Judge Eliason ruled Plaintiff could not obtain the financial records he sought because Defendant has not asserted Plaintiff created a large financial loss that justified his termination. Defendant argued against Plaintiffs request because it did not keep the records Plaintiff sought, the request was too burdensome, and the request was somewhat arbitrary in its limits. Judge Eliason agreed, but also added Defendant has not argued multiple reasons for Plaintiffs termination; it argued only one — the failure to close out orders.
On October 20, 2005, Judge Eliason ruled on Defendant’s Second Protective Order Motion. In that ruling, Judge Eliason denied, in part, Defendant’s Motion for a Protective Order. As a result, Defendant had to produce certain financial statements. Judge Eliason also denied Plaintiffs Motion in Limine, in which Plaintiff sought to bar Defendant from introducing other justifications for termination other than failure to close orders.
From these descriptions, it appears Judge Eliason changed his opinion on whether Defendant had proffered one reason or many reasons for Plaintiffs termination. Defendant has asserted multiple reasons for Plaintiffs termination throughout this litigation; thus, Judge Eliason may have decided his first statement in the 7/14/2005 order was clearly erroneous. This court is not in a position to rule on the propriety of Judge Eliason’s October ruling, however, because Plaintiff has provided no evidence of what the actual ruling was, other than his description, even though a court reporter recorded Judge Eliason’s oral order. Nevertheless, Defendant asserts Plaintiff caused financial losses to the plant, and Plaintiff has received some evidence of Defendant’s finances during Plaintiffs employment as Plant Manager, even though the evidence was limited from Plaintiffs initial overbroad discovery-request. Plaintiff, thus, has evidence to argue against Defendant’s justification for termination. With no clear error appearing, this court has no justification to reconsider Judge Eliason’s ruling.
B. Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Supplemental Affidavit of Jim Seel and Portions of Defendant’s Reply Brief
In this motion, Plaintiff seeks to strike parts of Defendant’s reply brief and a supporting affidavit. Plaintiff argues Defendant’s reply brief does not comport with Local Rule 7.3(h), which provides that “[a] reply brief is limited to discussion of matters newly raised in the response.” Plaintiff makes three arguments for why Defendant’s reply is improper: (1) many sections of the reply and its supporting affidavit are simply the principal brief rehashed; (2) Defendant argues against Plaintiffs ERISA cause of action, which was not explicitly present in the original brief; and (3) the supporting affidavits bolster much of the original brief and not the reply and, thus, are improperly present in the reply.
As to the first and third reasons, Plaintiff points to nothing in the reply that would be prejudicial if it remains and Plaintiff cannot respond to it. Thus, the court will not engage in detailed and lengthy analysis of the reply to see what language and evidence are and are not redundant because Plaintiff shows nothing is new and not already available for Plaintiffs response. The court’s effort would be futile.
As to the second reason, the court agrees Defendant’s original brief did not address summary judgment on the ERISA cause of action, and the court was surprised that Plaintiff, instead of arguing that Defendant waived argument on that point, addressed the ERISA claim in his brief. Plaintiff, however, stated in his responsive brief that Defendant’s principal brief implies that its arguments against the ADEA claim apply to the ERISA claim. Plaintiff then argued against summary judgment on the ERISA claim. Since Plaintiff raised the argument in his responsive documents, Defendant’s reply that addressed summary judgment on the ERISA claim was in response to a newly raised matter, which comports with Local Rule 7.3(h). For these reasons, Plaintiffs motion will be denied.
C. Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Portions of Defendant’s Supplemental Brief in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment
Plaintiff moves this court to strike pages 23 through 24 of Defendant’s supplemental brief. Defendant initially filed a brief for summary judgment, and later sought leave to file additional pages to that brief. This court allowed the supplemental brief but stated Defendant was limited to extending arguments already set forth in the principal brief.
On pages 23 through 24, Defendant presented arguments for summary judgment on Plaintiffs ERISA and North Carolina public policy claims. Defendant presented neither of these in the original brief; thus, these arguments are outside the scope of what Defendant could submit in a supplemental brief. Plaintiff only contests the ERISA arguments. Thus, this court will strike those portions of the supplemental brief that deal with Plaintiffs ERISA claim and not consider them for the summary judgment motion.
D. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment
Plaintiff made four separate claims against Defendant: (1) age discrimination through wrongful termination; (2) age discrimination through a wrongful transfer; (3)age discrimination in violation of the ERISA; and (4) discharge in violation of North Carolina public policy. The court considers the first and second claims together, while considering the remaining claims in turn.
1. Standard of Review
Summary judgment is appropriate where an examination of the pleadings, affidavits, and other proper discovery materials before the court demonstrates that there is no genuine issue of material fact, thus entitling the moving party to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). If the moving party has met that burden, then the nonmoving party must persuade the court that a genuine issue does not remain for trial.
When the moving party has carried its burden under Rule 56(c), its opponent must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts. In the language of the Rule, the nonmoving party must come forward with “specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1356, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986) (citations & footnote omitted) (quoting Fed.R.Civ.P. 56). The court must view the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, drawing inferences favorable to that party if such inferences are reasonable. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2513, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). However, there must be more than a factual dispute; the fact in question must be material, and the dispute must be genuine. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. at 2510. A dispute is only “genuine” if “the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” 477 U.S. at 248,106 S.Ct. at 2510.
2. Plaintiffs Claims
i. Age Discrimination Through Wrongful Termination and Transfer
Plaintiff first claims Defendant transferred him to Stroud and eventually terminated him, both in violation of 29 U.S.C. § 623(a)(1), which provides “[i]t shall be unlawful for an employer ... to discharge ... or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s age.” In proving such a claim, Plaintiff must either state a case of direct discrimination or satisfy the requirements of the burden-shifting formula established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973), which applies to age discrimination cases, see, e.g., King v. Rumsfeld, 328 F.3d 145, 149 (4th Cir.2003). In the following, the same analysis applies to the wrongful transfer and wrongful termination claims except where otherwise noted.
a. Direct Evidence of Discrimination
Plaintiff claims six separate age-related comments allegedly show age discrimination. In proving discriminatory motive with direct evidence of the employer’s statements, “[t]he alleged discriminatory statements [must] ... directly relate[] to a[] particular person, employment decision[,] or pattern of decisionmaking.” EEOC v. Clay Printing Co., 955 F.2d 936, 941 (4th Cir.1992). Thus, Plaintiff must show a connection between the discriminatory comments and the employer’s action. Id. at 942 (holding that a “nexus [must] exist[] between the alleged discriminatory statements and any of the employment decisions”).
To be direct evidence of discrimination, the statement must be more than a fact of life that has “no disparaging undertones.” Birkbeck v. Marvel Lighting Corp., 30 F.3d 507, 512 (4th Cir.1994). In Birkbeck, the employer stated that “there comes a time when we have to make way for younger people.” Id. at 511. The Fourth Circuit held this statement was not direct evidence of age discrimination because it was merely a fact of life with no disparaging undertones. Id. at 512. Thus, “the statement in itself create[d] no inference of age bias” and simply reflected the truth that eventually younger employees will replace the older ones. Id. Moreover, the employer’s agent who made the statement was protected under the ADEA as well, and the court noted, in that factual situation, such statements are merely “non-aetionable refleetion[s] on generational passage.” Id.
Plaintiffs allegations about Seel’s statements are all similar to the statement in Birkbeck. In one statement, Seel told Plaintiff a possibility existed that the Greensboro plant would be reorganized, and either Seel or Plaintiff would lose his position in Greensboro. This could have included Plaintiff relocating to a facility outside of Greensboro. Seel told Plaintiff, after Plaintiff stated, “I’ll leave Greensboro, you know. I don’t care. I’ll move,” that “[y]ou’re old enough to retire so you don’t have to worry about it.” (Holtz Dep. 94-95.) Plaintiff asserts Seel also stated, “There you go,' [Plaintiff], you can get the senior discount.” (PL’s Mem. Law Opp’n Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. at 16.) These statements reflect no more than a fact of life and have no disparaging undertones. Plaintiff does not dispute that he was old enough to retire or entitled to a senior discount; he only states these statements show age discrimination. The statements simply have no disparaging undertones and, standing alone, show no inference of age discrimination.
Plaintiffs other complaints are also not direct evidence of age discrimination. In one incident, Plaintiff told Seel, “That [meeting] was boring as hell. I almost fell asleep.” (Holtz Dep. at 222.) Seel replied, “You’re just getting too old for this stuff.” (Id.) Later, Seel stepped into Plaintiffs office and stated, “[W]e’re both getting too old for this bullshit.” (Id.) In another incident, Plaintiff was working underneath machinery and became quite dirty. Seel, upon seeing Plaintiff, stated Plaintiff was too old to be climbing under machinery. Finally, Plaintiff asserts Seel asked Plaintiff if he were going to retire and leave Seel stuck in the Greensboro factory by himself. Plaintiff asserts these comments stand for themselves and need no further explanation as to how they show age discrimination.
In these statements, Seel, who was about seven years younger than Plaintiff, who was around sixty years old, and protected by the ADEA, simply noted to Plaintiff a generational passing: the truism that people gradually get too old to do some tasks. Seel simply noted Plaintiff may be getting too old for the longer meetings or the manual labor or working the machines. Even though Seel specifically directed these statements to Plaintiff, the statements are still generic references to a fact of life, and do not contain any disparaging undertones. Moreover, the closeness in age of Seel and Plaintiff reinforces that these were innocuous statements, and Plaintiff does not show how these statements have a nexus to the ultimate employment action (the transfer and the firing). Plaintiff fails, as a matter of law, to show direct evidence of age discrimination because his evidence consists of generalized statements about aging, which do not show a connection to the ultimate employment action taken.
b. Burden-Shifting Proof of Discrimination
Under the test established under McDonnell Douglas, Plaintiff must prove the following elements to set out a prima facie case of discrimination: “(1) that he is a member of a protected class; (2) that he suffered from an adverse employment action; (3) that at the time the employer took the adverse employment action he was performing at a level that met his employer’s legitimate expectations”; and (4) that the employer treated a younger employee more favorably. King, 328 F.3d at 149. Plaintiff must “prov[e] a set of facts [that] would enable the fact-finder to conclude, in the absence of any further explanation, that it is more likely than not that the adverse employment action was the product of discrimination.” Ennis v. National Ass’n of Bus. & Educ. Radio, Inc., 53 F.3d 55, 58 (4th Cir.1995). At issue are the third and fourth elements.
Once a plaintiff proves a prima facie case, then a defendant has the burden “to articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason” for the action against the employee. McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. at 1824. “If the defendant is successful in carrying this burden, the plaintiff must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that defendant’s reasons were a pretext for discrimination.” Clay Printing, 955 F.2d at 941. This court finds Plaintiff fails to prove a prima facie case because Plaintiff provides insufficient evidence that he met Defendant’s legitimate expectations or that Defendant treated younger employees more favorably by applying the expectations in a discriminatory manner. Thus, further analysis is unnecessary.
A court, in analyzing an employee’s performance in relation to the reasonable expectations, focuses on the employee’s performance at the time the employment action occurred; thus, summary judgment for the employer is appropriate where poor job performance at the time of employment action is only contradicted by evidence the employee performed well in the past. See Peele v. Country Mut. Ins. Co., 288 F.3d 319, 328-29 (7th Cir.2002). In Peele, the employer repeatedly warned the employee about work deficiencies occurring over an eighteen-month period prior to the employment action. Id. at 328. The employee had otherwise received raises and favorable reviews for the eight-year period she worked. Id. at 329.
The Seventh Circuit held that summary judgment was appropriate because the evidence of poor performance was only contradicted by evidence that the employee performed well in the past. See id. at 328-29. The court reasoned that the dis-positive inquiry was the job performance when the employment action occurred, and evidence the employee performed well in the past cannot trump the undisputed evidence of poor job performance at the time of the employment action. See id.
Defendant presents an array of deficiencies in Plaintiffs performance, which are detailed in the factual statement of this opinion. Plaintiff counters Defendant’s evidence with the following facts: (1) Plaintiff received excellent employee evaluations during his first few years as Plant Manager; (2) Plaintiff lowered spoilage during his first few years; (3) under Plaintiffs management, the plant reached record profits during the first few years; (4) his last employee evaluation stated he was meeting the employer’s expectations; (5) the July 9, 2003, statement that Plaintiffs failing to close tickets is incredible because no customer complained to Defendant about receiving orders in time; and (6) the alleged downfall occurred contemporaneously with Seel’s age-related comments. The first through third reasons are clearly Plaintiff alleging he met Defendant’s legitimate expectations because he has a past record of favorable employment. As reasoned in Peele, such evidence does not trump evidence of an employee’s other failings at the time of employment action.
The fourth justification is also similar to those in Peele. Plaintiff asserts that evidence shows he met Defendant’s reasonable expectation because his last review was favorable. What Plaintiff does not explain is his last review occurred on March 26, 2003. (Seel Dep. Ex. 4.) Seel’s uncontradicted testimony is the evaluation covered the entire preceding year, and Plaintiffs work during that entire year warranted a favorable review. (Id. at 61 (“I felt at that time his evaluation for the entire previous year should be that [Plaintiff met employer’s expectations].”).) That same employee evaluation noted several of Plaintiffs deficiencies, including Plaintiffs “slownesfs] to react and failure to recognize the magnitude of the problems[, which] ha[ve] been severely detrimental to the profitability and credibility of the plant. Improvements in spoilage and performance over the last year were reversed during the past [six] months.” (Id. Ex. 4.) This evidence is no more than that in Peele; it shows Plaintiff did well in the past, but it does not contradict the evidence that Plaintiffs performance did not meet Defendant’s reasonable expectations at the time of employment action, which occurred several months after the review.
Plaintiffs assertion that no customers complained about orders is without merit. The depositions of Seel, Dave Smith, and Tracy Parrish have many references to the complaints Defendant received from its primary customer Kimberly-Clark about bad product, and thus, not getting its order in a timely fashion.
Finally, Plaintiffs allegation that the alleged downfall coincides with Seel’s age-related comments is without merit. Though the court is uncertain of the point of this argument, Plaintiff apparently argues that because Seeks comments show age discrimination and bias by Defendant, the alleged downfall must be fabricated. As noted above, those comments were no more than innocuous statements with no disparaging overtones. Thus, Plaintiff has not shown he was meeting Defendant’s reasonable employment expectations. Plaintiff unconvincingly counters Defendant’s undisputed facts of Plaintiffs failing with evidence that Plaintiff performed well prior to the time the employment actions occurred. ’
Plaintiff further asserts that Defendant administered the employment expectations in a discriminatory fashion because Defendant terminated Plaintiff. When a party makes this claim, that party may still establish a prima facie case even if he did not meet the employer’s legitimate expectations by “showing] that there is someone who is directly comparable to h[im] in all material respects” except age and that person received more favorable treatment. Peele, 288 F.3d at 329-30 (first alteration in original) (quoting Patterson v. Avery Dennison Corp., 281 F.3d 676, 680 (7th Cir.2002)). “In determining whether two employees are similarly situated a court must look at all relevant factors, the number of which depends on the context of the case.” Radue v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 219 F.3d 612, 617 (7th Cir.2000).
“[I]n disciplinary cases — in which a plaintiff claims that he was disciplined by his employer more harshly than a similarly situated employee based on some prohibited reason — a plaintiff must show that he is similarly situated with respect to performance, qualifications, and conduct.” Id. Furthermore, the employee must generally show the same decision-maker made the disparate employment decisions. See Harvey v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc., 38 F.3d 968, 972 (8th Cir.1994) (“When different decision-makers are involved, two decisions are rarely ‘similarly situated in all relevant respects.’ ”). “Thus, to be deemed ‘similarly-situated[,’] the individuals with whom the plaintiff seeks to compare his/her treatment must have dealt with the same supervisor, have been subject to the same standardsf,] and have engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer’s treatment of them for it.” Mitchell v. Toledo Hosp., 964 F.2d 577, 583 (6th Cir.1992).
Plaintiff asserts each of these parties is similarly situated to Plaintiff. Plaintiff, however, proffers insufficient evidence to show these younger employees were actually similarly situated.
• Randy Hearn was Plant Manager in Greensboro before Plaintiff. Defendant removed Hearn for “performance issues,” and, instead of firing him, Defendant moved Hearn to its corporate office. (Pl.’s Mem. Law Supp. Br. Opp’n Mot. Summ. J. at 20.)
• Betty Blackwell was a Finishing Department Manager in Greensboro under Plaintiff, removed from that job for performance problems, but not fired.
• Linda Panther was Warehouse Manager in Greensboro during Plaintiffs employment. Panther was reprimanded for warehouse problems, as was Plaintiff. Plaintiff claims Panther did not address her deficiencies, and Defendant did not fire her.
• Rodney Thompson was Finishing Department Manager in Greensboro after Betty Blackwell. Many of the finishing problems alleged against Plaintiff were also Thompson’s fault, but Defendant took no action against him.
• Dave Smith was Quality Manager in Greensboro during the relevant time. Plaintiff claims no employment action occurred against Smith, who was as at fault as he for the Kimberly-Clark complaints. Smith did not bring all complaints to Plaintiffs attention.
• Jim Seel, Plaintiffs supervisor, was also responsible for Defendant’s problems, and never received employment action.
• Tom Coggin, another steering committee member in Greensboro, had performance issues but was not terminated. Plaintiff further alleges that Coggin received his disciplinary warnings on letterhead, which Plaintiff claims shows an established warning system that Defendant never applied to Plaintiff:
• Ed Dieter, a Plant Manager for Defendant in its Carol Stream Plant in Illinois, was fired for performance issues. After additional education, Defendant rehired him. No such offer was made to Plaintiff.
• Scott Headley was a Plant Manager at Defendant’s Carol Stream Plant in Illinois. Defendant removed Headley from this position into a Service Manager position.
Plaintiff alleges these facts show Defendant never fired poor performing members that were younger than Plaintiff, yet Defendant fired Plaintiff. What Plaintiff does not explain is how these people were similarly situated in all material respects to Plaintiff. Most of these people were not plant managers. Plaintiffs descriptions show these people did not have a series of performance problems similar to Plaintiffs. See Rohde v. K.O. Steel Castings, Inc., 649 F.2d 317, 322 (5th Cir.1981) (noting that, in analysis of comparable employees, “[w]hat is relevant is that two employees are involved in or accused of the same offense and are disciplined in different ways” (emphasis added)). Plaintiff simply fails to produce evidence that these people were younger but otherwise similarly situated to Plaintiff in all material aspects. Plaintiff fails to make a prima facie case that Defendant administered the legitimate expectations in a discriminatory fashion.
Thus, Plaintiffs claim that Defendant wrongfully transferred him to Stroud fails as a matter of law because Plaintiff was not performing at Defendant’s reasonable expectations. Plaintiffs claim that Defendant wrongfully terminated him fails as a matter of law because (1) Plaintiff was not performing at Defendant’s reasonable expectations, and (2) no evidence shows Defendant’s firing was a different result than that applied to younger but otherwise similarly situated employees. This court cannot allow a case to go before the fact-finder when the undisputed facts show nothing more than an employer making a business judgment to fire the head person, instead of lower managers, when a series of failings occurred. Such a claim is not actionable under the ADEA. See Clay Printing, 955 F.2d at 946 (“It is not for this court ... to direct the business practices of any company.”); Dale v. Chicago Tribune Co., 797 F.2d 458, 464 (7th Cir.1986) (noting that federal courts “do[ ] not sit as a super-personnel department that reexamines an entity’s business decisions”).
ii. Age Discrimination in Violation of ERISA
Plaintiff next claims Defendant terminated him for the specific purpose of denying him his ERISA rights, a cause of action under ERISA § 510, 29 U.S.C. § 1140. That section provides it is “unlawful for any person to discharge ... a participant ... for exercising any right to which he is entitled under ... an employee benefit plan ... or for the purpose of interfering with the attainment of any right to which such participant may become entitled under the plan.” 29 U.S.C. § 1140.
This section creates a cause of action for “[t]hose employees waiting to vest in a qualified pension plan ... against an employer who discharges them for the purpose of blocking their vesting in the company’s pension plan.” Conkwright v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 933 F.2d 231, 236 (4th Cir.1991). “[T]o take advantage of § 510, one must prove a specific intent of the employer to interfere with an employee’s pension rights.” Id. at 239. The employee may prove specific intent using direct evidence or the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting scheme. Id. Under that scheme, Plaintiff must show that he was in the protected class (within the group qualified for the ERISA plan), was qualified for his position, and was fired under circumstances that give rise to an inference of discrimination (or a specific intent to interfere with his vesting rights). See Henson v. Liggett Group, Inc., 61 F.3d 270, 277 (4th Cir.1995). Plaintiff proffers direct evidence and evidence for the burden-shifting scheme.
a. Direct Evidence
Plaintiffs direct evidence fails to show an intent to deprive him of his ERISA benefits. Plaintiff claims two pieces of evidence show the intent. First, Plaintiff requested estimates of retirement benefits. Tracy Parrish provided such information. When Plaintiff received an estimate in May 2003, he stated he could not afford to live on that amount, and Parrish laughed at his statement. Second, Seel remarked that if Plaintiff retired, Seel would be stuck alone at the plant. Plaintiff reasons that because these events occurred somewhat contemporaneously with the downfall of his performance, these two slim pieces of evidence show specific intent to deprive Plaintiff of ERISA benefits. The evidence only shows a remark or reaction to a present state of affairs. Plaintiffs direct evidence is simply insufficient to show an intent to deprive.
b. Burden-Shifting Evidence
Plaintiffs claim fails under the McDonnell Douglas formula as well. Plaintiff asserts he was a member of the protected class, performed his job adequately, and the timing of Seeks and Parrish’s comments with his downward performance prove a prima facie case. As discussed above, Plaintiff has not established a prima facie case because he cannot show he performed at his employer’s legitimate expectations. Moreover, Plaintiffs evidence of Seeks and Parrish’s comments do not show circumstances that give rise to an inference of discrimination. This claim fails as a matter of law.
iii. Age Discrimination in Violation of North Carolina Public Policy
Plaintiff finally claims that under N.C. General Statute section 143-4222, his employer wrongfully terminated him because of his age. Section 143-422.2 provides: “It is the public policy of this State to protect and safeguard the right and opportunity of all persons to seek, obtain[,] and hold employment without discrimination or abridgement on account of ... age ... by employers [that] regularly employ 15 or more employees.”
Plaintiff bases this claim on the age discrimination established by his ADEA claims. As previously discussed, those claims fail as a matter of law. Thus, this claim fails as a matter of law. See Henson, 61 F.3d at 277 (noting that North Carolina applies ADEA evidentiary standards to such claims and holding when “plaintiff relies upon the same evidence to support her state law claim for age discrimination ... as she did in the ADEA context, the district court correctly grant[s] summary judgment ... on [the] state law claim”).
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above,
IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiffs Motion for Reconsideration of 10/24/2005 Minute Entry [36] is DENIED, Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Supplemental Affidavit of Jim Seel and Portions of Defendant’s Reply Brief [38] is DENIED, and Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Portions of Defendant’s Supplemental Brief in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [48] is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [20] is GRANTED. Because this court granted summary judgment, Defendant’s Motion to Strike and Exclude from Evidence Portions of Affidavit of George Holtz and Plaintiffs Exhibits 49 and 59[30] is DENIED as moot. A judgment in accordance with this memorandum opinion shall be filed contemporaneously herewith.
. Closing out an order means the client's order was fully shipped with satisfactory prodUCl.
. “Tee” refers to Holtz’s side business marketing a special type of golf tee that he invented. Seel worked for Plaintiff in the business, but Seel later quit. Plaintiff expended a fair amount of work on the business, which prompted Seeks comment that both Plaintiff and he were getting too old for that much work. The side business did not interfere with Plaintiff's work at Defendant's plant.
. That is, the person is at least forty years old. 29 U.S.C. § 631(a).
. Plaintiff does not point to support from the depositions or affidavits, see L.R.56.1(d) (stating that, if filed, a responsive brief that asserts a genuine issue of material fact exists, must "point to specific, authenticated facts existing in the record or set forth in accompanying affidavits that show a genuine issue of material fact”), the court will accept this statement as properly supported because it will not affect the analysis.
. Thus, this analysis applies only to the claim that Plaintiff's termination violated the ADEA.
| CASELAW |
User:Biggerben
I mainly edit aviation pages and upload aviation images.
My JetPhotos page
My FocusOnFlight page
My gallery on Wikimedia Commons | WIKI |
User:Saif Deeni Mengal
Saif Deeni (سیفدینی)is from Mengal and it is one of the largest branches of Zagar Mengal
Places Where Saif Deeni is inhabiting
Basically Saif Deeni is inhabiting in Nushki but in pakistan it is also found in many numbers in Sindh. Saif Deen is also living in many parts of the world: Like:
* IRAN
* AFGHANISTAN
* DHUBAI
* BAHRAIN
* KOHIT
History
Saif Deeni was fighting for Baloch cause since decades and it was with Khan Kalat at the time of fight but when Khan Kalat sent them to Nushki to help Badini and Jamaldini Tribe, who were being tortured by Afghan scoundrels. so Saif Deeni along with some other clans of Mengal Tribe and they started fighting against Afghan scoundrels and made them flee from Nushki and then Saif Deen along with other Mengal sub-tribes wanted to go back to Kalat but Khan Kalat directed them to stay at Nushki and gave them land to live and make fields for their living being.
Sub Tribes of Saif Deeni
Saif Deeni is further divided:
* Azir Zai
* Raheem Khan Zai
* Syed Khan Zai
* Baro Zai
* Sumal Zai
* Kamal khan Zai
* Gazo zai | WIKI |
PACMAD clade
The PACMAD clade (previously PACCMAD, PACCAD, or PACC ) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of the true grasses (Poaceae), regrouping six subfamilies and about 5700 species, more than half of all true grasses. Its sister group is the BOP clade. The PACMAD lineage is the only group within the grasses in which the C4 photosynthesis pathway has evolved; studies have shown that this happened independently multiple times.
The name of the clade comes from the first initials of the included subfamilies Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae. It has no defined taxonomic rank but is used frequently because it refers to a well-defined monophyletic group with a distinct ecology.
Phylogeny of the PACMAD clade, with photosynthetic pathways for each subfamily: | WIKI |
Koshi Tapu Wildlife Reserve
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is situated on the flood plains of the Sapta-Koshi River in Eastern Nepal. The reserve was gazette in 1976 to preserve habitat for the only remaining population of Wild buffalo, Arna (Bubalus arnee). The 176 sq. km. reserve is Nepal’s smallest wildlife reserve. The eastern and western embankments of the Sapta Koshi River define the area. In 1987, Koshi Tappu was declared a Ramsar site, a wetland of international significance. It is home to more than 441 bird species including 20 duck species, 2 species of ibises, white tailed stonechat, striated marsh warbler, 30 shore birds, 114 water birds, and the endangered swamp partridge and Bengal florican. The Koshi Barrage is an extremely important resting place for many migratory birds, containing 87 winter and trans-Himalayan migratory species.
The Koshi River is home to 80 species of fish. The endangered Gharial crocodile and Gangetic dolphin have been recorded in the river as well. The last surviving population of wild buffalo or Arna is found here. The reserve is also home to many types of mammals such as hog deer, spotted deer, wild boar and blue bull. The vegetation mainly includes tall khar-pater grasslands with a few patches of khair-sissoo scrub forest and deciduous mixed riverine forest. During the monsoon, the reserve is flooded with depths ranging from 10 to 300 cm. From season to season the Sapta-Koshi River changes its course. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Price's Lost Campaign: The 1864 Invasion of Missouri
Price's Lost Campaign: The 1864 Invasion of Missouri is a 2011 book written by Mark A. Lause and published by the University of Missouri Press. The book discusses the early stage of Price's Raid, especially how what was originally designed as a full-fledged invasion became known to posterity as a less-important raid. Other themes include the failings of Confederate leader Sterling Price and Union leader William S. Rosecrans and a debunking of Lost Cause myths suggesting that the Confederate soldiers refrained from total war and behaved with chivalry during the campaign. The book's coverage cuts off midway through the campaign, when Price decided not to attempt to capture Jefferson City, Missouri, which Lause views as when the campaign shifted from an invasion to a raid. Several reviewers have criticized the decision to break off coverage at that point. Other points of concern mentioned by reviewers include the lack of a bibliography, insufficient quantity and quality of maps, and copy editing errors. The book was praised for its objective treatment of the campaign and the quality of Lause's research. A sequel, The Collapse of Price's Raid, was published in 2016.
Content
Price's Lost Campaign was written by Mark A. Lause and published in 2011 by the University of Missouri Press. Lause is a history professor with the University of Cincinnati who has published multiple books on nineteenth-century history, focusing on the American Civil War and on working-class history in the United States. He graduated with a PhD from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1985. His book details the early stages of Price's Raid, a late 1864 campaign during the American Civil War. Within the scope of the book are the actions that occurred from the onset of the campaign to when Sterling Price, the expedition's commander, decided to abandon an attempt to capture Jefferson City, Missouri. While the later actions of the campaign, including the important battles of Westport and Mine Creek are not significantly discussed in the book, the decision to cut off the coverage at that point was justified by Lause as being where the campaign ceased to be an invasion proper and became a raid.
Lause argues that Price's Raid was initially designed as a Confederate attempt to free Missouri from Union control and that it only later devolved into a raid. Other themes of the book include challenging the myth that the Confederates refused to engage in total war as well as examining Union Major General William S. Rosecrans' motivations behind his response to the raid. The book mentions some of the looting that occurred during the campaign, as well as the murders of civilians, including some Confederate sympathizers. Lause suggests that Rosecrans was more concerned with protecting the Missouri economy than civilians. Price is also criticized for being more concerned about his reputation than the outcome of the campaign. Ethan S. Rafuse, reviewing for Civil War Book Review stated that Price's Lost Campaign was one of the first major works written about Price's Raid since a 1964 work of limited scope titled Action Before Westport, 1864, although Patrick E. McLear, in a review for Civil War History mentioned that at least five books had been written on the subject since 1959. A timeline and order of battle are presented at the end of the book as appendixes. Lause posits that while the campaign began as an invasion, both sides recast the event as a less important raid for self-serving reasons. In 2016, Lause published The Collapse of Price's Raid, also through the University of Missouri Press, completing the story of the campaign.
Reception
Professor Terry L. Beckenbaugh, reviewing the book for Annals of Iowa, stated that, while logically justifiable, the decision to end the coverage of the campaign when the Confederates abandoned their attempt on Jefferson City prevented the book from providing the complete story. He considered that the omission of the battles of Westport and Mine Creek would be "a disappointment" to some readers. He also mentioned the paucity of maps (two in the entire book) as a flaw. Beckenbaugh opined that Price's Lost Campaign was a "significant addition to the historiography of the Civil War in the [T]rans-Mississippi". Rafuse, reviewing in 2012, stated that the book was an objective treatment of the campaign. He noted that the book provides critical assessments of the failings of both Confederate commander Price and Union commander Rosecrans, as well as disproving Lost Cause myths that present a chivalric view of the Confederate army. However, he also stated that ending the coverage at Jefferson City resulted in the book being incomplete and suggested that the number of maps was insufficient. Despite its limitations, Rafuse opined that the book contained "impressive" and "compelling" levels of detail and praised Lause's ability to approach the subject objectively.
Bradley R. Clampitt, writing for the Journal of Southern History praised the book for its coverage of the Battle of Fort Davidson, as well its analysis of how the campaign, initially designed as an invasion, became known to posterity as a simple raid. However, Clampitt also criticized certain elements of the book. He argued that a single chapter about the Confederate retreat would have been sufficient to make the book feel complete if it had been added. In addition, Clampitt criticized Lause's weak prose and the number of copy editing errors present in the book, quoting two consecutive ungrammatical sentences. When reviewing Price's Lost Campaign for Kansas History, Professor William Garrett Piston viewed Lause's treatment of the later events of the campaign as adequate, but stated that an epilogue discussing how the campaign was remembered in posterity was lacking. While Piston praised the book's research, he also noted the lack of a bibliography and stated that the footnotes were written in such a way that it was difficult to trace quotes back to individual sources. He also criticized both the quantity and quality of the book's maps, stating that not only were there too few maps, but that they were low-quality copies of maps that dated to the 19th century. Overall, Piston described Price's Lost Campaign as "well-written" and "an important contribution to studies of the Civil War in the Trans-Mississippi".
Alex Mendoza reviewed the book for America's Civil War and stated that there was much that could be learned from Price's Lost Campaign and that it was "thoroughly researched and well-written" despite the fact that only two maps, taken from the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, were included. McLear described the book as "an excellent account" about difficult subject matter. He also praised the intricacy of Price's Lost Campaign in analyzing the motivations of leaders on both sides. Overall, McLear stated that, unless new primary source material unexpectedly emerges, that Price's Lost Campaign would be "the standard work on Price's invasion of Missouri". | WIKI |
Примеры ошибок, обнаруженных с помощью диагностики V726
Примеры ошибок, обнаруженных с помощью диагностики V726
V726. An attempt to free memory containing the 'int A[10]' array by using the 'free(A)' function.
CamStudio
V726 An attempt to free memory containing the 'p' array by using the 'free' function. This is incorrect as 'p' was created on stack. playplusview.cpp 7059
int CopyStream(PAVIFILE pavi,PAVISTREAM pstm)
{
....
BYTE p[20000];
....
free(p);
return 0;
}
Shareaza
V726 An attempt to free memory containing the 'szXMLNorm' array by using the 'free' function. This is incorrect as 'szXMLNorm' was created on stack. utils.c 92
int SetSkinAsDefault()
{
TCHAR szXMLNorm[MAX_PATH];
....
else {
free(szXMLNorm);
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
Найденные ошибки
Проверено проектов
367
Собрано ошибок
13 552
А ты совершаешь ошибки в коде?
Проверь с помощью
PVS-Studio
Статический анализ
кода для C, C++, C#
и Java
goto PVS-Studio; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk
Olha Mykhailivna Vasylevska-Smahliuk (Ольга Михайлівна Василевська-Смаглюк; born 23 June 1985) Ukrainian journalist, Member of Parliament of Ukraine of the 9th convocation, elected from the 96th single-mandate constituency, member of the Parliamentary faction of Servants of the People, Chair of the Subcommittee on the Functioning of Payment and Information Systems and Prevention of Money Laundering of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Tax and Customs Policy.
Early life and career
Olha Mykhailivna Vasylevska-Smahliuk was born on 23 June 1985 in the city of Starokostiantyniv in Ukraine's western Khmelnytskyi Oblast.
She graduated from the Institute of Journalism, Cinema and Television of Kyiv International University in 2009 with a degree in journalism. She graduated from the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting, and Auditing, specialising in accounting. Since 2019 she has been studying at the postgraduate programme of this academy. She completed an internship with the international investigative network Bellingcat. She also studied at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.
Before being elected to Parliament, she worked for over 15 years as a journalist for the newspapers The Day, "Delo", the online edition "Glavred" and the TV and radio company "1+1". She is the author of high-profile anti-corruption investigations.
In 2023, she became the most effective MP of the year according to the "Statesman of the Year" award of the Kyiv School of Public Administration named after Nyzhnyi for her personal contribution to the evacuation of citizens and the provision of humanitarian aid to residents of Kyiv region.
Political career
In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Vasylevska-Smahliuk ran for the office of People's Deputy of Ukraine in Ukraine's 96th electoral district, located in northern Kyiv Oblast. She was the candidate of Servant of the People, though at the time of the election she was an independent. She was successfully elected, defeating independent incumbent Yaroslav Moskalenko with 41.85% of the vote to Moskalenko's 18.03%.
In the Verkhovna Rada (parliament of Ukraine), Vasylevska-Smahliuk joined the Servant of the People faction, as well as the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finances, Taxes, and Customs Policy and inter-factional associations "A Country Accessible to Everyone" and "For Khmelnychchyna".
She is the author and co-author of more than 150 bills and draft resolutions registered by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
In November–December 2019, Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk was responsible for preparing the second reading of the draft law 2179 on preventing and countering the legalisation (laundering) of the proceeds of crime, terrorist financing and the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. On 11 February, the European Parliament took note of the law adopted as a result of this process in its report on Ukraine's implementation of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.
In 2021, she authored and was responsible for the preparation for consideration and adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law "On Payment Services", which, according to the National Bank of Ukraine, created conditions for the further development of payment products, services and innovations.
One of the authors of the Law of Ukraine "On the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine" and "On Amendments to Section II "Final and Transitional Provisions" of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine on Improvement of the Investment Climate in Ukraine" in relation to the entry into force of certain provisions", which in 2021 liquidated the Tax Police and established the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine.
In the same year, 2021, she initiated the elimination of the shadow market of financial debt collection by drafting and ensuring the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Consumer Protection in the Settlement of Overdue Debts", which was welcomed by the National Bank of Ukraine as the first law in Ukrainian legislation providing clear legal regulation of the work of debt collection companies and creditors in the settlement of overdue debts. The adoption of the law has provided the National Bank of Ukraine with real mechanisms to influence companies that behave unethically towards consumers when collecting debts.
Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk is the author of Draft Law 6003 "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Improvement of Mechanisms of Validation of Information on Ultimate Beneficial Owners and Ownership Structure of Legal Entities". The mechanism proposed by Olga Vasilevska-Smagliuk in Draft Law 6003 was fully incorporated into Draft Law 6320 "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Simplifying the Procedure of Submission of Information Required for Financial Monitoring" during the preparation of Draft Law 6320 for consideration in the second reading.
In 2023, she was responsible for preparing the second reading of the law introducing the permanent status of publicly exposed persons in order to prevent the legalisation of illegally obtained funds by public officials. The adoption of this law was one of the requirements for European integration and one of the structural benchmarks of the International Monetary Fund, and was necessary both for receiving financial assistance from the IMF and for the decision to start negotiations on EU accession.
She is also the initiator of draft law 9422, which introduces mechanisms that would allow Ukrainians to have a microcredit market where both lenders and borrowers behave responsibly in lending. It introduces a legal cap on consumer loan interest rates of 1% per day (with a transition period of 240 days), tightens requirements for assessing borrowers' creditworthiness, empowers the NBU to set additional requirements for such assessment and to use professional judgement in supervision, requires lenders to provide information on all consumer loans to credit bureaus, and prohibits unilateral automatic renewal of loan agreements.
From 24.10.2019 to 17.06.2020 Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk was the head of the first Provisional Investigative Commission established by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the IX convocation - the Provisional Investigative Commission of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to investigate compliance with the requirements of the law during the change of ownership of news channels and to ensure counteraction to the information influence of the Russian Federation. The Commission's tasks included, inter alia, a comprehensive review of the circumstances of acquisition, sources of payment and receipt of funds during the change of ownership of the NewsOne, 112 Ukraine and ZIK TV channels. According to the Commission, the cash flows used by Taras Kozak to purchase and finance TV channels could have been channelled through offshore companies to accounts in Russian and Belarusian banks. Taras Kozak was questioned by the Security Service of Ukraine Security Service of Ukraine in this case, but refused to testify. In order to investigate the full chain of financing, Ukraine, through the relevant law enforcement agencies, prepared an appeal to other states for international legal assistance.
From 13.12.2022 to date, Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk has been the Deputy Chairman of the Temporary Investigative Commission of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to investigate possible violations of Ukrainian legislation by officials of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine, state authorities and other state bodies exercising powers in the field of economic security, which may result in a reduction of revenues to the state and local budgets.
Drafted the resolution condemning the activities of the radical Islamic organisation Hamas and recognising it as a terrorist organisation.
She is the initiator and author of the Call of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the members of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) to exclude the Russian Federation from FATF membership and to include it in the list of high-risk countries, which was supported by 305 Ukrainian MPs.
She initiated and authored the text of the Call of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the United Nations, the European Union, the European Council, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, parliaments and governments of the member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency to condemn the act of nuclear terrorism committed by the aggressor at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant in Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia region.
She was a speaker at the 22nd Parliamentary Forum on Intelligence and Security in Bucharest. In her speech, she criticised the FATF for failing to suspend and blacklist the Russian Federation.
During the full-scale invasion, she organised a headquarters for the distribution of humanitarian aid, participated in the evacuation of the population, and together with the NGO Dobrobat organised the repair of damaged houses in the Dymer, Borodyanka, and Ivankiv communities of Kyiv region, together with UNICEF UKRAINE, rebuilt 10 shelters in schools and kindergartens in the de-occupied Kyiv region, restored the outpatient clinic in Zahaltsi, and repaired the Vyshgorod Public Library and the Klavdiyivska Village Library, a branch of the Nemishayivo Public Library.
Awards
Vasilevskaya-Smaglyuk in 2019 was included in the list of "100 most influential women of Ukraine" compiled by Focus weekly.
Family
Husband - Ihor Smahliuk, military man, infantryman of the 241st brigade of the 243rd battalion of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participates in battles in the Donbass.
They are raising two daughters together – Eliana and Alexandra. | WIKI |
Proximodistal organization of the CA2 hippocampal area
The proximodistal axis is considered a major organizational principle of the hippocampus. At the interface between the hippocampus and other brain structures, CA2 apparently breaks this rule. The region is involved in social, temporal, and contextual memory function, but mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we reveal cell-type heterogeneity and a characteristic expression gradient of the transcription factor Sox5 within CA2 in the rat. Using intracellular and extracellular recordings followed by neurochemical identification of single cells, we find marked proximodistal trends of synaptic activity, subthreshold membrane potentials, and phase-locked firing coupled to theta and gamma oscillations. Phase-shifting membrane potentials and opposite proximodistal correlations with theta sinks and sources at different layers support influences from different current generators. CA2 oscillatory activity and place coding of rats running in a linear maze reflect proximodistal state-dependent trends. We suggest that the structure and function of CA2 are distributed along the proximodistal hippocampal axis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Isosthenuria
Isosthenuria refers to the excretion of urine whose specific gravity (concentration) is neither greater (more concentrated) nor less (more diluted) than that of protein-free plasma, typically 1.008-1.012. Isosthenuria reflects damage to the kidney's tubules or the renal medulla.
A closely related term is hyposthenuria, where the urine has a relatively low specific gravity "due to inability of the kidney to concentrate the urine normally". This specific gravity is not necessarily equal to that of plasma. Therefore, unlike isosthenuria, this condition is not associated with kidney failure as the kidney tubules have altered the glomerular filtrate.
Clinical significance
Isosthenuria may be seen in disease states as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury in which the kidneys lack the ability to concentrate or dilute the urine and so the initial filtrate of the blood remains unchanged despite the need to conserve or excrete water based on the body's hydration status.
Sickle-cell trait, the heterozygous form of sickle-cell disease, presents with a normal hematological picture but is associated with hyposthenuria. | WIKI |
Ear Flashcards Preview
RUSVM Anatomy 2 > Ear > Flashcards
Flashcards in Ear Deck (21)
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1
Three main divisions of the terrestrial mammalian ear:
External (outer) ear, Middle ear, Inner ear
2
External ear
-auricle (pinna): collects sound waves from environment
-ear canal: vertical and horizontal parts
3
Middle ear
-housed in tympanic part of temporal bone
-tympanic membrane (ear drum)
-tympanic bulla (tympanic cavity)
-auditory ossicles e/ associated muscles and ligaments
-communicates w/ nasopharynx via the auditory tube
4
Inner ear
-responsible for balance(semicircular canal)
-Housed in petrous part of temporal bone
-osseous labyrinth
-membranous labyrinth (organs of inner ear)
5
Three divisions of ear allow for transformation of sound pressure waves into electrical energy
-external ear captures sound waves & transmits energy to the middle ear via tympanic membrane
-ossicles of middle ear convert these pressure waves into mechanical energy
-vibrations at oval window by the stapes produces pressure waves e/in perilymph of inner ear
-movement of perilymph displaces the tectorial and basement membranes, stimulating firing of electrical impulses by cochlear neurons
6
The external ear is necessary for sound collection and sound localization
-visible portion of external ear is supported by irregularly shaped auricular cartilage
-proximal end of this cartilage forms a canal (vertical and horizontal ear canals)
-distal end of this cartilage forms pinna, funnel to concentrate waves
7
Shape of pinna is dependent upon
-the composition of the fibroelastic auricular cartilage
-the collagen/elastin composition varies among species and breeds
-non-erect, erect, semi-erect
-size & shape determines which sound frequencies are collected optimally and also many reduce noise
-vasculature helps cool body
8
What gland produces ear wax?
ceruminous gland
(adenomoas in cats)
9
Where do ticks like to collect?
cutaneous marginal pouch
10
Annular cartilage
holds ear to skull
-connects cartilagenous meatus of horizontal canal w/ bony external acoustic meatus
11
Scutiform cartilage
"sesmoid bone" attachment for auricular muscles and tendons
-flat, boot-shaped cartilage
-located medial & rostral to base of auricle
-aids in redirection
12
Auricular muscle groups that allow auricle of each ear to move towards a sound source
-rostral auricular group
-caudal auricular group
13
The middle ear is located in the air-filled tympanic cavity of the
temporal bone
14
Only connection to external environment occurs through the
auditory tube
15
What is the expanded ventral portion of the tympanic cavity?
tympanic bulla
16
What is the bony promontory?
expansion of the petrous temporal bone
-protrudes into dorsal region of tympanic cavity
17
Manubrium of the malleus is embedded in the
tympanic membrane
18
Vibrations of the tympanic membrane move to the
malleus
19
Contraction of ______ dampens the movement of the malleus
tensor tympani muscle
20
Diarthrotic (synovial) joints connect the middle ear ossicles. Movement of the malleus will result in the movement of
the incus and stapes
21
Contraction of the ________ dampens the movement of the stapes at the oval window
stapedial muscle | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Charmaine Solomon
Charmaine Maureen Solomon (born 1930) is an Australian cook, author of 31 cookbooks and the creator of her own brand of spice blends and marinades. The Sydney Morning Herald and much of the public has called her "the Queen of Asian cooking in Australia" and part of "the holy trinity of cookbook authors". She is named in Who's Who in Australia and credited by various commentators with introducing Asian food to Australian households. Her 1976 book, The Complete Asian Cookbook, has sold over one million copies in five languages and is regarded as one of Australia's most influential cookbooks.
Background
Solomon was born Charmaine Maureen Poulier in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), to Burgher parents. Her mother was originally from Burma. At 18 she became the assistant to the editor of the women's pages of the Ceylon Daily News, an English language morning paper. She interviewed royalty, film stars, movie directors, authors and covered social events. In 1956 she married Rangoon-born musician Reuben Kelly Solomon and they had two daughters before moving to Australia in 1959, where they later had two sons.
Career
Solomon taught herself to cook in part to calm her fears of being in an unfamiliar place while Reuben worked nights as a musician. In 1964 she came second in the Woman's Day Butter White Wings Bake Off and attracted the attention of cookbook author Margaret Fulton, who invited her to join Woman's Day as a food writer. She worked at the magazine for 11 years, including three as food editor, then became the cookery editor of Belle magazine. She was a regular columnist for The Sun-Herald and The Sydney Morning Herald and was the food editor of Family Circle magazine for three years. Her first book, the South East Asian Cookbook, was published in 1972 and The Complete Asian Cookbook followed in 1976. Over the next three decades she wrote 29 more books.
Honours and awards
Solomon was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2007 for service to food media, particularly as the author of Asian cookery books. Her Encyclopaedia of Asian Food won a silver medal in the 1996 Julia Child Cookbook Awards and a silver ladle in the 1997 World Food Media Best Food Book awards. The line of spice pastes and marinades she developed with husband Reuben won a Jaguar Award for Excellence in 1998 and she won Best Vegetarian Book in English for The Complete Vegetarian Cookbook in the 2002 Gourmand World Cookbook Awards. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Peer review/Watchmen/archive1
Watchmen
I think this page has the potential to be a good article, but at the moment it is bogged down with certain issues. The main one at the moment is whether or not a "Themes" article should be added to the page or not. Whilst there are certain themes present in the novel, they are not verifiable, and, when written in the article, verge on being POV (see the talk page). Any suggestions on how to resolve this would be appreciated, as well as any suggestions on how to improve the article in general (perhaps referring to other comic book articles?). Thanks Adasta 23:48, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
* Please expand the lead- see WP:LEAD . AndyZ t 00:24, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
* This has been attempted. Compared with The Giver, an ex-featured article, I don't think there is much difference. Adasta 10:12, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
* lots has been written about the themes of watchmen, so should be no problem finding it and using it in the article. see The Illuminatus! Trilogy as a guide. Zzzzz 12:38, 9 April 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Lloyd Holt
Lloyd Holt (December 31, 1937 – June 4, 2022) was a pioneering driver of dirt modified stock cars on the Niagara Frontier. In 1970, he became the inaugural track champion at the Rolling Wheels Raceway in Elbridge, New York.
Racing career
Holt got his start in 1957, when he entered a stock Hudson with a big six-cylinder engine in the jalopy class at Merrittville Speedway ON. He soon moved up to the modified class where he also competed and was victorious at Five Mile Point Speedway NY, Ransomville Speedway NY, Skyline Raceway NY, Speedway Park ON and Weedsport Speedway NY.
Holt claimed the 1967 Humberstone Speedway ON track title as well as 1969 track championship at the Maple Grove Speedway in Waterloo, New York. He was inducted into Merrittville Wall of Fame in 2013 and into the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame 2014. | WIKI |
Xenon fluoride
Three different xenon fluorides, all exergonic and stable, are known:
* Xenon difluoride, XeF2
* Xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4
* Xenon hexafluoride, XeF6 | WIKI |
Tinnitus Treatment Phoenix KW
However, only when you are sure that your eating, consuming, and smoking habits are having an effect on your tinnitus in the event you accept as true with making adjustments. Trying to adjust your diet solely to see if it has any effect is more likely to generate terrible results and direct your attention away from the tinnitus in a counter-effective manner. Additionally, trying to stop smoking may be a further source of stress you could do with out. For once, allow your self to be indulgent! Make time to have interaction in actions that you find appealing. Take a deep breath and make some plans for some ‘good times’ – some indulgences for yourself. Make an effort to become more involved in active interests in place of passive diversions and to seize opportunities to take action. All of these elements should work in combination to cut back the number of opportunities you ought to pay interest to your tinnitus. Possibly you may get engaged in helping folks that are experiencing problems which are worse than your own – being of tips and price to someone else is usually beneficial to both your personal morale and vanity and that of the person you are helping. Try to remember that life is too short to be concerned about even if it will be spoiled by tinnitus. If you reside in a community where there are self-help groups, you may are looking to accept as true with joining one. You’ll discover that you’re not the only one who suffers from tinnitus – there are actually millions of other people who suffer from it.
tinnituscontrol
Possibly one of the crucial disagreeable and aggravating situations you are able to ever end up in, and it can actually have an impact for your generic movements.
Additionally, secondary indications are a characteristic of tinnitus, and it is extremely vital to notify your doctor as soon as they occur themselves.
Tinnitus Control Cure Dr Oz
In some cases, they acquire relief, while in others, they must switch to another. When a Tinnitus patient searches the Internet, he or she will stumble upon a plethora of web sites that supply homeopathic cures, herbal cures, and choice healing cures. However, choosing the best option from among a plethora of probabilities can be extraordinarily challenging. Tingling in the ears is not an illness in and of itself; rather, it is brought on by other illnesses equivalent to vascular or muscle problems reminiscent of high blood pressure, abnormalities in blood vessels near the ears, muscular abnormalities in the ear canal, tumors in the center ear, and so on. Natural drugs or homeopathic treatments are preferred by Tinnitus sufferers because of the loss of a viable tinnitus treatment option. Some natural health-promoting techniques have been found to be quite efficient in treating the underlying causes of Tinnitus, reminiscent of high blood pressure, muscle illnesses, and nervousness disorders.
According to estimates, this ailment impacts approximately 1-2 % of the regular inhabitants and causes tremendous soreness in addition to massive interference with one’s ability to guide a daily way of living.
For example, if you have experienced a head injury that would seem to be the obvious cause or if you’ve worked in heavy market or on building sites for a longer period of time, the noise in your office is nearly definitely the origin of your tinnitus.
Tiring circumstances reminiscent of panic and anxiety are common causes of tinnitus, or even the worry and anxiety associated with it can make it worse over the years. Tinnitus Control Cure Dr Oz Tiring circumstances reminiscent of panic and anxiety are common causes of tinnitus, or even the worry and anxiety associated with it can make it worse over the years.
They are simple to do and use at home, and if they supply relief, remember to continue to use them.
Copyright TinnitusControl 2021 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Stropharia coronilla
Stropharia coronilla, commonly known as the garland roundhead or garland stropharia, is a species of mushroom native to Europe and North America. It is considered poisonous, and is sometimes mistaken for species of Agaricus. | WIKI |
3 Dividend Aristocrats to Buy and Hold Forever
You don't search for dividend stocks that require high maintenance. Investors prefer to buy set-and-forget kinds of stocks that pay solid dividends quarter after quarter. The less drama, the better.
Dividend Aristocrats tend to meet these criteria. These are stocks that have not only paid out dividends regularly but also increased their dividends for at least 25 consecutive years. Here are three great Dividend Aristocrats that you can buy and hold forever.
Image source: Getty Images.
1. Abbott Labs
Abbott Labs (NYSE: ABT) has several healthcare irons in the fire. The company ranks as a top medical-device maker. It runs a huge diagnostics business. Abbott markets established pharmaceutical products, particularly in emerging markets. And it has a global nutrition products business.
These varied businesses provide a consistent revenue stream for Abbott. That's enabled the company to boost its dividend for 47 years in a row. While you might not think Abbott's current dividend yield of a little over 1.5% is impressive, consistent annual dividend increases add up over time.
What's especially appealing about buying Abbott Labs stock right now is that it's poised for tremendous growth. The company awaits U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for a new version of its super-popular Freestyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring system. The new device is expected to be a massive commercial success for Abbott. The company also should enjoy strong sales growth from its Alinity line of diagnostics systems and its MitraClip mitral valve clip.
Long-time Abbott CEO Miles White plans to transition to the role of Executive Chairman in March 2020. This shouldn't be a concern at all for investors, though. White will hand the reins over to Abbott's current president and COO Robert Ford, who has been with the company for 23 years and led the launch of Freestyle Libre.
2. Air Products and Chemicals
If you're looking for a dividend stock that's on a roll, you'll probably love Air Products and Chemicals (NYSE: APD). Shares of the industrial giant have soared close to 50% so far in 2019.
Air Products and Chemicals focuses primarily on marketing atmospheric gases used in industrial processes and equipment used for separation, storage, and transport of these gases. It's the world's largest supplier of hydrogen and ranks as a leader in supplying helium and in natural gas liquification.
The company has increased its dividend for 37 consecutive years. Its dividend yield currently stands at just under 2%. Keeping the dividends flowing shouldn't be a problem, with Air Products' payout ratio at close to 58%.
Perhaps the best reason to like Air Products is the management team's focus on generating long-term shareholder value. The company continually looks for ways to deploy capital more effectively and more profitably. Its performance this year reflects this shareholder-friendly strategy.
3. Chubb
There's a great reason Warren Buffett likes the insurance business: It generates steady cash flow. While Buffett doesn't own Chubb (NYSE: CB), it's the kind of stock he'd probably love.
Chubb is the largest publicly traded property and casual insurer in the world. It takes pride in its underwriting expertise and solid financial strength. The company's operations span across the globe, with nearly 40% of premiums coming from outside the United States.
The company joined the Dividend Aristocrats club last year and notched its 26th consecutive year of dividend increases in 2019. Chubb's dividend yields nearly 2%. The company also boasts a low payout ratio of 37%.
Is Chubb likely to deliver the kind of growth that some dividend stocks like Abbott Labs will? Probably not. But while property and casualty insurance isn't the most exciting business in the world, it's delivers a reliable stream of cash, especially when a company has the extensive industry track record Chubb has.
10 stocks we like better than Abbott Laboratories
When investing geniuses David and Tom Gardner have a stock tip, it can pay to listen. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has quadrupled the market.*
David and Tom just revealed what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy right now... and Abbott Laboratories wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.
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*Stock Advisor returns as of June 1, 2019
Keith Speights owns shares of Air Products and Chemicals and Chubb. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Mac slow to login (El Capitain) bound to Active Directory
Sachin_Parmar
Contributor
Hi All,
I've got a strange one, I've got a Macbook Air that's causing my a slow login response when coming back from sleep it can usually hang for about 15 - 30 seconds after sleep, has anyone experienced this issue?
Running the latest OS X El Capitain on 9.92 Hosted Casper JSS
I've tried the following commands from various Googling:
rm /var/vm/sleepimage
!/bin/sh
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist DSBindTimeout -int 5
exit 0
No luck, i've also done PRAM and SMC reset still nothing.
Sachin
14 REPLIES 14
McLeanSchool
New Contributor III
We're experiencing similar issues as well. Have you tried rebinding to AD after making the changes you made?
JustDeWon
Contributor III
FileVault2 enabled?
mbezzo
Contributor III
as @McLeanSchool mentioned, in my experience it's an AD bind issue - an unbind/rebind will likely do the trick.
Matt_Ellis
Contributor II
Also what kind of accounts local, or mobile that authenticate via AD. if there the latter then is the system connected via ethernet or wifi?
bbot
Contributor
We had the same issue that affected nearly all Yosemite machines. After updating to El Capitan, a good chunk of the issue went away. Subscribing to see if anyone else has a good explanation on what would fix this.
Sachin_Parmar
Contributor
@McLeanSchool - yeah tried unbinding and rebinding the machine to active directory and even unchecked the allow authentication from any domain in this forest to see if a local D.C. Would pick up the account and authenticate quicker.
Only additional thing I can add is that we've got EAP-TLS User based cert authentication on Macs both Wifi and Ethernet got over 150 machines working fine just this one seems to be showing issues.
@JustDeWon - FileVault 2 was enabled but when removed and fully decrypted the issue still persists
@Matt.Ellis - they're automatically created an Admin, Mobile and Managed account
mbezzo
Contributor III
I'd suggest unbinding the computer from AD, deleting the AD machine account from AD directly, then rebinding. Usually rebinding fixes for me, but I've had a few stubborn cases where this seemed to do the trick. YMMV of course.
donmontalvo
Esteemed Contributor II
If your Mac doesn‘t sleep or wake when expected
Does pmset -g custom show sleep value at 1?
--
https://donmontalvo.com
jtrappey
New Contributor
We saw a similar issue which turned out to be related to the "Use UNC path from Active Directory to derive network home location" checkbox in the Directory Utility/AD plugin. It wasn't consistant since some folks had this enabled on the AD side. Took a while to figure that out. Once we disabled that, everything sped up on logins for our "legacy" users.
Sachin_Parmar
Contributor
@donmontalvo - checked the sleep settings both Battery power and AC Power are set to 10
@jtrappey - Interesting fix, I tried to disable that setting, rebooting etc and it's still showing symptoms of slow/lagged login after sleep
@mbezzo - Tried the AD unbind/rebind and deleted the object from AD waited for replication etc, still no luck still showing the same symptoms, interesting thing at the moment is I have a macOS Sierra machine in a lab on dev beta 2 and it's showing me the same issue but it's random on that machine, bound to AD, FileVaulted, Casper Built, ADPassMon Enabled on Both Machines, 802.1X Configured on both machines.
mbezzo
Contributor III
man, my suggestions along with @jtrappey's have pretty much always done the trick. Just not sure what else could be going on there! Sorry!
Sachin_Parmar
Contributor
@mbezzo - No worries, pulling my hair out too because I cannot even figure out what's going on, let me open a support req with JAMF and will update if we find a fix
bbot
Contributor
We had a support case open with Apple and they suggested the below. Unfortunately, performing all these actions didn't make the problem go away completely.
Unchecking box for "Allow authentication from any domain in the forest."
Removing the UNC path and profile from user's Active Directory object
They also felt it could be network related. In terminal, when we ran a netstat -a | grep tcp4, we found that after logging in from sleep, it was connecting to a DC thousands of miles away when there were multiple DC's on site.
donmontalvo
Esteemed Contributor II
I guess it depends on how AD is set up.
We've always had this one on in large environments without any issues.
$ dsconfigad -show | grep Authentication
Authentication from any domain = Enabled
We keep this one disabled:
$ dsconfigad -show | grep UNC
Use Windows UNC path for home = Disabled
--
https://donmontalvo.com | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Yellow Book - 01.djvu/28
20 "Things that are too far over the fence, eh?" I was indeed a godsend to Mr. Morrow. It was the psychological moment; it determined the appearance of his notebook, which, however, he at first kept slightly behind him, as the dentist, approaching his victim, keeps his horrible forceps. "Mr. Paraday holds with the good old proprieties—I see!" And, thinking of the thirty-seven influential journals, I found myself, as I found poor Paraday, helplessly gazing at the promulgation of this ineptitude. "There's no point on which distinguished views are so acceptable as on this question—raised perhaps more strikingly than ever by Guy Walsingham—of the permissibility of the larger latitude. I have an appointment, precisely in connection with it, next week, with Dora Forbes, the author of 'The Other Way Round,' which everybody is talking about. Has Mr. Paraday glanced at 'The Other Way Round'?" Mr. Morrow now frankly appealed to me. I took upon myself to repudiate the supposition, while our companion, still silent, got up nervously and walked away. His visitor paid no heed to his withdrawal; he only opened out the notebook with a more motherly pat. "Dora Forbes, I gather, takes the ground, the same as Guy Walsingham's, that the larger latitude has simply got to come. He holds that it has got to be squarely faced. Of course his sex makes him a less prejudiced witness. But an authoritative word from Mr. Paraday—from the point of view of his sex, you know would go right round the globe. He takes the line that we haven't got to face it?" I was bewildered; it sounded somehow as if there were three sexes. My interlocutor's pencil was poised, my private responsibility great. I simply sat staring, however, and only found presence of mind to say: "Is this Miss Forbes a gentleman?" Mr. Morrow hesitated an instant, smiling: "It wouldn't be 'Miss'—there's a wife!" "I | WIKI |
String .help .write a code please
The new queen of Zing Dynasty is The Queen K oliliKo .
She is very fond of her name.
She orders everyone in Zing to present her a KOLILIKO string.
A string is called KOLILIKO string if it follows the following conditions-
• It can be sliced into exactly four parts of equal length. ( KO LI LI KO )
• The first part is identical to the last part.
• The second part is identical to the third part.
Little Fuji also has a string and wants to present it to Queen but he doesn’t know whether it’s a KOLILIKO string or not.
Help Fuji to present his string to the queen at a minimum cost.
Following are rules/costs to manipulate any string in Zing:-
• Characters of any particular part can be shuffled within that part without any cost.
• Characters cannot be transferred from one part to another.
• Replacing any character of the string with a new one costs 1 Unit .
INPUT:-
The first line of input contains a positive integer Q denoting the number of Queries.
The first line of each query contains a positive integer L denoting the length of the string.
The next line of the query contains a string of length L.
OUTPUT:-
Print “YES” (without quotes) if there is no cost to convert the string to KOLILIKO String.
Else print “NO” (without quotes) followed by an integer denoting the minimum cost.
CONSTRAINTS
1≤Q≤100000
4≤L≤200000
(L is always a multiple of 4)
String only consists of lower case letters of the english alphabets.
Sum of L over all queries ≤1000000
SAMPLE INPUT
2 4 abcd 8 abcdcdab
SAMPLE OUTPUT
NO 2 YES
Explanation
The first string is obviously not a KOLILIKO String. The minimum cost to convert it into KOLILIKO String is 2. One of the ways is to change c to b and d to a . The resulting String will be abba.
The second string is already a KOLILIKO String. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brand New Morning (Bob Seger album)
Brand New Morning is the fourth album by American singer-songwriter Bob Seger and his first solo studio album following the departure of backing band The Bob Seger System. It was produced by Punch Andrews and released in October 1971. The album has a stripped-down acoustic sound.
This album marked the last of Seger's Capitol releases before his four year departure from Capitol. His next album with Capitol would be Beautiful Loser, released in April 1975.
Personnel
* Bob Seger – guitar, piano, vocals
Production
* Engineer: Milan Bogdan
* Mixing: Punch Andrews, Milan Bogdan, Bob Seger
* Cover photo: Thomas Weschler | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Peer review/Micro Mart/archive1
Micro Mart
I have recently been rewriting this and many othe UK PC mag articles - as well as the list of PC magazines and have created the PC Magazines template. I am basically trying to improve them to a levle where thay can be featured content.
Basically this article is still very much in development and has much more content to be added, plus of course wiki links need adding to this new version. In this context the article is very incomplete.
What I am looking for is guidance and ideas on the format and layout of the article. Unfortunately many magazine articles on wikipedia are not very good and there isn't much in the way of a general layout. Which is a shame. So any ideas of how I can lay this article out / improve / add to it will be much much appreciated
Let the flaming commence :D -- Errant talk (formerly tmorton166) 21:53, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
A few suggestions:
* There is currently no lead section - the article launches straight into what would usually be included in the main body of the article.
* Avoid opinion based statements, such as "unfortunately a lack of response has made this section very intermittent", as this expresses a particular point of view.
* The article currently lacks references or citations, other than forum postings, which are not generally viewed as reliable sources. Existing references should be converted to use the Cite format. It is not necessary to include Dennis Publishing's website inline - the wikilink to Dennis Publishing Ltd. is sufficient.
* The article is biased towards the present - Micro Mart was very different 5 or 6 years ago, never mind 15 or 20 years ago. IIRC it was very much an Auto Trader type publication. The development of the magazine format - and the way that it was (and still is) bought for its advertising content by many people - should be covered in more depth.
Hope this helps. Oldelpaso 19:37, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
* Hey thanks for that, I agree about needing more on the past of MM, I am currently trying to get the current editor to provide any info he may have access to plus I am trying to pick the brains of older users on the forum.
* As to the other things, thanks I have noted them down as I rewrite :D I forgot all about the lead and stuff so it will be useful. Thanks for pointing out the NPOV as well, it's always hard when your writing (I find) to write impartially and even harder to spot the POV bits afterwards. I will take a good look through and see what I can change.
* Thanks for the input :D -- Errant talk (formerly tmorton166) 08:34, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
* Be careful not to step into the realms of original research, particularly if you are getting information from other people. Good luck with your search for more information! Oldelpaso 18:11, 18 July 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
attributes(7)
ATTRIBUTES(7) Linux Programmer's Manual ATTRIBUTES(7)
NAME
attributes - POSIX safety concepts
DESCRIPTION
Note: the text of this man page is based on the material taken from the
"POSIX Safety Concepts" section of the GNU C Library manual. Further
details on the topics described here can be found in that manual.
Various function manual pages include a section ATTRIBUTES that
describes the safety of calling the function in various contexts. This
section annotates functions with the following safety markings:
MT-Safe
MT-Safe or Thread-Safe functions are safe to call in the pres-
ence of other threads. MT, in MT-Safe, stands for Multi Thread.
Being MT-Safe does not imply a function is atomic, nor that it
uses any of the memory synchronization mechanisms POSIX exposes
to users. It is even possible that calling MT-Safe functions in
sequence does not yield an MT-Safe combination. For example,
having a thread call two MT-Safe functions one right after the
other does not guarantee behavior equivalent to atomic execution
of a combination of both functions, since concurrent calls in
other threads may interfere in a destructive way.
Whole-program optimizations that could inline functions across
library interfaces may expose unsafe reordering, and so perform-
ing inlining across the GNU C Library interface is not recom-
mended. The documented MT-Safety status is not guaranteed under
whole-program optimization. However, functions defined in user-
visible headers are designed to be safe for inlining.
MT-Unsafe
MT-Unsafe functions are not safe to call in a multithreaded pro-
grams.
Other keywords that appear in safety notes are defined in subsequent
sections.
Conditionally safe features
For some features that make functions unsafe to call in certain con-
texts, there are known ways to avoid the safety problem other than
refraining from calling the function altogether. The keywords that
follow refer to such features, and each of their definitions indicates
how the whole program needs to be constrained in order to remove the
safety problem indicated by the keyword. Only when all the reasons
that make a function unsafe are observed and addressed, by applying the
documented constraints, does the function become safe to call in a con-
text.
init Functions marked with init as an MT-Unsafe feature perform MT-
Unsafe initialization when they are first called.
Calling such a function at least once in single-threaded mode
removes this specific cause for the function to be regarded as
MT-Unsafe. If no other cause for that remains, the function can
then be safely called after other threads are started.
race Functions annotated with race as an MT-Safety issue operate on
objects in ways that may cause data races or similar forms of
destructive interference out of concurrent execution. In some
cases, the objects are passed to the functions by users; in oth-
ers, they are used by the functions to return values to users;
in others, they are not even exposed to users.
const Functions marked with const as an MT-Safety issue non-atomically
modify internal objects that are better regarded as constant,
because a substantial portion of the GNU C Library accesses them
without synchronization. Unlike race, which causes both readers
and writers of internal objects to be regarded as MT-Unsafe,
this mark is applied to writers only. Writers remain MT-Unsafe
to call, but the then-mandatory constness of objects they modify
enables readers to be regarded as MT-Safe (as long as no other
reasons for them to be unsafe remain), since the lack of syn-
chronization is not a problem when the objects are effectively
constant.
The identifier that follows the const mark will appear by itself
as a safety note in readers. Programs that wish to work around
this safety issue, so as to call writers, may use a non-recur-
sive read-write lock associated with the identifier, and guard
all calls to functions marked with const followed by the identi-
fier with a write lock, and all calls to functions marked with
the identifier by itself with a read lock.
sig Functions marked with sig as a MT-Safety issue may temporarily
install a signal handler for internal purposes, which may inter-
fere with other uses of the signal, identified after a colon.
This safety problem can be worked around by ensuring that no
other uses of the signal will take place for the duration of the
call. Holding a non-recursive mutex while calling all functions
that use the same temporary signal; blocking that signal before
the call and resetting its handler afterwards is recommended.
term Functions marked with term as an MT-Safety issue may change the
terminal settings in the recommended way, namely: call tcge-
tattr(3), modify some flags, and then call tcsetattr(3), this
creates a window in which changes made by other threads are
lost. Thus, functions marked with term are MT-Unsafe.
It is thus advisable for applications using the terminal to
avoid concurrent and reentrant interactions with it, by not
using it in signal handlers or blocking signals that might use
it, and holding a lock while calling these functions and inter-
acting with the terminal. This lock should also be used for
mutual exclusion with functions marked with race:tcattr(fd),
where fd is a file descriptor for the controlling terminal. The
caller may use a single mutex for simplicity, or use one mutex
per terminal, even if referenced by different file descriptors.
Other safety remarks
Additional keywords may be attached to functions, indicating features
that do not make a function unsafe to call, but that may need to be
taken into account in certain classes of programs:
locale Functions annotated with locale as an MT-Safety issue read from
the locale object without any form of synchronization. Func-
tions annotated with locale called concurrently with locale
changes may behave in ways that do not correspond to any of the
locales active during their execution, but an unpredictable mix
thereof.
We do not mark these functions as MT-Unsafe, however, because
functions that modify the locale object are marked with
const:locale and regarded as unsafe. Being unsafe, the latter
are not to be called when multiple threads are running or asyn-
chronous signals are enabled, and so the locale can be consid-
ered effectively constant in these contexts, which makes the
former safe.
env Functions marked with env as an MT-Safety issue access the envi-
ronment with getenv(3) or similar, without any guards to ensure
safety in the presence of concurrent modifications.
We do not mark these functions as MT-Unsafe, however, because
functions that modify the environment are all marked with
const:env and regarded as unsafe. Being unsafe, the latter are
not to be called when multiple threads are running or asynchro-
nous signals are enabled, and so the environment can be consid-
ered effectively constant in these contexts, which makes the
former safe.
hostid The function marked with hostid as an MT-Safety issue reads from
the system-wide data structures that hold the "host ID" of the
machine. These data structures cannot generally be modified
atomically. Since it is expected that the "host ID" will not
normally change, the function that reads from it (gethostid(3))
is regarded as safe, whereas the function that modifies it
(sethostid(3)) is marked with const:hostid, indicating it may
require special care if it is to be called. In this specific
case, the special care amounts to system-wide (not merely intra-
process) coordination.
sigintr
Functions marked with sigintr as an MT-Safety issue access the
GNU C Library _sigintr internal data structure without any
guards to ensure safety in the presence of concurrent modifica-
tions.
We do not mark these functions as MT-Unsafe, however, because
functions that modify this data structure are all marked with
const:sigintr and regarded as unsafe. Being unsafe, the latter
are not to be called when multiple threads are running or asyn-
chronous signals are enabled, and so the data structure can be
considered effectively constant in these contexts, which makes
the former safe.
cwd Functions marked with cwd as an MT-Safety issue may temporarily
change the current working directory during their execution,
which may cause relative pathnames to be resolved in unexpected
ways in other threads or within asynchronous signal or cancella-
tion handlers.
This is not enough of a reason to mark so-marked functions as
MT-Unsafe, but when this behavior is optional (e.g., nftw(3)
with FTW_CHDIR), avoiding the option may be a good alternative
to using full pathnames or file descriptor-relative (e.g., ope-
nat(2)) system calls.
:identifier
Annotations may sometimes be followed by identifiers, intended
to group several functions that, for example, access the data
structures in an unsafe way, as in race and const, or to provide
more specific information, such as naming a signal in a function
marked with sig. It is envisioned that it may be applied to
lock and corrupt as well in the future.
In most cases, the identifier will name a set of functions, but
it may name global objects or function arguments, or identifi-
able properties or logical components associated with them, with
a notation such as, for example, :buf(arg) to denote a buffer
associated with the argument arg, or :tcattr(fd) to denote the
terminal attributes of a file descriptor fd.
The most common use for identifiers is to provide logical groups
of functions and arguments that need to be protected by the same
synchronization primitive in order to ensure safe operation in a
given context.
/condition
Some safety annotations may be conditional, in that they only
apply if a boolean expression involving arguments, global vari-
ables or even the underlying kernel evaluates to true. For
example, /!ps and /one_per_line indicate the preceding marker
only applies when argument ps is NULL, or global variable
one_per_line is nonzero.
When all marks that render a function unsafe are adorned with
such conditions, and none of the named conditions hold, then the
function can be regarded as safe.
SEE ALSO
pthreads(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2015-03-02 ATTRIBUTES(7)
Man(1) output converted with man2html
list of all man pages | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
spateo.alignment.methods.morpho#
Module Contents#
Functions#
con_K(→ Union[numpy.ndarray, torch.Tensor])
con_K constructs the Squared Exponential (SE) kernel, where K(i,j)=k(X_i,Y_j)=exp(-beta*||X_i-Y_j||^2).
get_P(→ Tuple[Any, Any, Any])
Calculating the generating probability matrix P.
get_P_chunk(→ Union[numpy.ndarray, torch.Tensor])
Calculating the generating probability matrix P.
BA_align(→ Tuple[Optional[Tuple[anndata.AnnData, ...)
_summary_
spateo.alignment.methods.morpho.con_K(X: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, Y: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, beta: int | float = 0.01, use_chunk: bool = False) numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor[source]#
con_K constructs the Squared Exponential (SE) kernel, where K(i,j)=k(X_i,Y_j)=exp(-beta*||X_i-Y_j||^2).
Parameters:
X
The first vector Xinmathbb{R}^{N imes d}
Y
The second vector Xinmathbb{R}^{M imes d}
beta
The length-scale of the SE kernel.
use_chunk bool, optional
Whether to use chunk to reduce the GPU memory usage. Note that if set to ``True’’ it will slow down the calculation. Defaults to False.
Returns:
The kernel Kinmathbb{R}^{N imes M}
Return type:
K
spateo.alignment.methods.morpho.get_P(XnAHat: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, XnB: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, sigma2: int | float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, beta2: int | float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, alpha: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, gamma: float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, Sigma: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, GeneDistMat: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, SpatialDistMat: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, samples_s: List[float] | None = None, outlier_variance: float = None) Tuple[Any, Any, Any][source]#
Calculating the generating probability matrix P.
Parameters:
XAHat
Current spatial coordinate of sample A. Shape: N x D.
XnB
spatial coordinate of sample B (reference sample). Shape: M x D.
sigma2
The spatial coordinate noise.
beta2
The gene expression noise.
alpha
A vector that encoding each probability generated by the spots of sample A. Shape: N x 1.
gamma
Inlier proportion of sample A.
Sigma
The posterior covariance matrix of Gaussian process. Shape: N x N or N x 1.
GeneDistMat
The gene expression distance matrix between sample A and sample B. Shape: N x M.
SpatialDistMat
The spatial coordinate distance matrix between sample A and sample B. Shape: N x M.
samples_s
The space size of each sample. Area size for 2D samples and volume size for 3D samples.
Returns:
Generating probability matrix P. Shape: N x M.
Return type:
P
spateo.alignment.methods.morpho.get_P_chunk(XnAHat: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, XnB: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, X_A: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, X_B: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, sigma2: int | float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, beta2: int | float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, alpha: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, gamma: float | numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, Sigma: numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor, samples_s: List[float] | None = None, outlier_variance: float = None, chunk_size: int = 1000, dissimilarity: str = 'kl') numpy.ndarray | torch.Tensor[source]#
Calculating the generating probability matrix P.
Parameters:
XAHat
Current spatial coordinate of sample A. Shape
spateo.alignment.methods.morpho.BA_align(sampleA: anndata.AnnData, sampleB: anndata.AnnData, genes: List | torch.Tensor | None = None, spatial_key: str = 'spatial', key_added: str = 'align_spatial', iter_key_added: str | None = 'iter_spatial', vecfld_key_added: str | None = 'VecFld_morpho', layer: str = 'X', dissimilarity: str = 'kl', keep_size: bool = False, max_iter: int = 200, lambdaVF: int | float = 100.0, beta: int | float = 0.01, K: int | float = 15, normalize_c: bool = True, normalize_g: bool = True, select_high_exp_genes: bool | float | int = False, dtype: str = 'float32', device: str = 'cpu', inplace: bool = True, verbose: bool = True, nn_init: bool = True, SVI_mode: bool = True, batch_size: int = 1000, partial_robust_level: float = 25) Tuple[Tuple[anndata.AnnData, anndata.AnnData] | None, numpy.ndarray, numpy.ndarray][source]#
_summary_
Parameters:
sampleA
Sample A that acts as reference.
sampleB
Sample B that performs alignment.
genes
Genes used for calculation. If None, use all common genes for calculation.
spatial_key
The key in .obsm that corresponds to the raw spatial coordinate.
key_added
.obsm key under which to add the aligned spatial coordinate.
iter_key_added
.uns key under which to add the result of each iteration of the iterative process. If iter_key_added is None, the results are not saved.
vecfld_key_added
The key that will be used for the vector field key in .uns. If vecfld_key_added is None, the results are not saved.
layer
If 'X', uses .X to calculate dissimilarity between spots, otherwise uses the representation given by .layers[layer].
dissimilarity
Expression dissimilarity measure: 'kl' or 'euclidean'.
small_variance
When approximating the assignment matrix, if True, we use small sigma2 (0.001) rather than the infered sigma2
max_iter
Max number of iterations for morpho alignment.
lambdaVF
Hyperparameter that controls the non-rigid distortion degree. Smaller means more flexibility.
beta
The length-scale of the SE kernel. Higher means more flexibility.
K
The number of sparse inducing points used for Nystr ̈om approximation. Smaller means faster but less accurate.
normalize_c
Whether to normalize spatial coordinates.
normalize_g
Whether to normalize gene expression. If dissimilarity == 'kl', normalize_g must be False.
select_high_exp_genes
Whether to select genes with high differences in gene expression.
samples_s
The space size of each sample. Area size for 2D samples and volume size for 3D samples.
dtype
The floating-point number type. Only float32 and float64.
device
Equipment used to run the program. You can also set the specified GPU for running. E.g.: '0'.
inplace
Whether to copy adata or modify it inplace.
verbose
If True, print progress updates.
nn_init
If True, use nearest neighbor matching to initialize the alignment.
SVI_mode
Whether to use stochastic variational inferential (SVI) optimization strategy.
batch_size
The size of the mini-batch of SVI. If set smaller, the calculation will be faster, but it will affect the accuracy, and vice versa. If not set, it is automatically set to one-tenth of the data size.
partial_robust_level
The robust level of partial alignment. The larger the value, the more robust the alignment to partial cases is. Recommended setting from 1 to 50. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
AFGHAN COUNCIL GIVES APPROVAL TO CONSTITUTION
New Constitution for Afghanistan is approved by acclamation by 502 delegates at national meeting, concluding three weeks of often tense debate; for first time, Afghans have set up democratic presidential system, with directly elected president and two-chamber national assembly; elections are to be held in just six months; independent judiciary is also being organized; country will be renamed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, combining democracy and religion; there is to be system of civil law, but no law will be contrary to beliefs and provisions of Islam; new bedrock of government is welcomed by Afghan human rights and women's activists as offering prospect of rule of law in ravaged country; diplomats and foreign experts who observed process praise it for being coherent and even forward looking for region; Pres Bush welcomes new Constitution; Americans hope new arrangements will provide stronger government that can help Afghanistan rebuild after war that defeated Taliban government that had befriended Osama bin Laden; photos; chart with highlights of Afghan pact (L) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy, 1655.djvu/57
Rh more rude and unfashioned maner. Therefore in this book, which we have composed and made as it were a Complement and Key of our other books of Occult Philosophy, and of all Magical Operations, we will give unto thee the documents of holy and undefiled verity, and Inexpugnable and Unresistable Magical Discipline, and most pleasant and delectable experiments of the sacred Deities. So that as by the reading of our other books of Occult Philosophy, thou maist earnestly covet the knowledge of these things; even so with reading this book, thou shalt truely triumph. Wherefore let silence hide these things within the secret closets of they religious breast, and conceal them with constant Taciturnity.
This therefore is to be known, That the names of the intelligent presidents of every one of the Planets are constituted after this maner: that is to say, By collecting together the letters out of the figure of the world, from the rising of the body of the Planet, according to the succession of the Signes through the several degrees; and out of the several degrees, from the aspects of the Planet himself, the calculation being made from the degree of the ascendant. In the like maner are constituted the names of the Princes of the evil spirits; they are taken under all the Planets of the presidents in a retrograde order, the projection being made contrary to the succession of the Signes, from the beginning of the seventh House. Now the name of the supreme & highest intelligence, which many do suppose to be the soul of the world, is collected out of the four Cardinal points of the figure of the world, after the maner already delivered: & by the opposite and contrary way, is known the name of the great Daemon, or evil spirit, upon the four cadent Angles. In the like maner shalt thou understand the names of the great presidential spirits ruling in the Air, from the four Angles of the succedent Houses; so that as to obtain the names of the good spirits, the calculation is to be made according to the succession of the signes, beginning from the degree of the ascendant; and to attain to the names of the evil spirits, by working the Rh | WIKI |
Ali Muhammad Khan
Ali Muhammad Khan (born 30 November 1977) is a Pakistani politician who served as the Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs from 17 September 2018 to 10 April 2022. He is currently a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024. He previously served as a member from August 2018 till July 2022.
Early life and education
Khan was born on 30 November 1977 in a Pashtun family in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
His grandfather Khan Pir Muhammad Khan was a Pakistan Movement activist close to MA Jinnah, and in 1940 he led the caravans from Mardan to attend the Lahore Resolution. He also served as a federal minister twice, but after him the family more or less stopped being involved in national politics.
Khan earned his LLB degree from the Universal College Islamabad (UCI), enrolling there after being advised by Barrister Masroor Shah, a senior lawyer of the Supreme Court.
He's also a civil engineer.
Political career
He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-10 (Mardan-II) in the 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 46,531 votes and defeated a candidate of JUI-F.
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PTI from the Constituency NA-22 (Mardan-III) in the 2018 Pakistani general election. He received 58,577 votes and defeated Moulana Mohammad Qasim.
On 17 September 2018, he was inducted into the federal cabinet of Prime Minister Imran Khan.
On 11 May 2023, he was arrested by Pakistani authorities under the Maintenance of Public Order (MPO) law due to his alleged involvement and incitement in the 2023 Pakistani protests. After securing bail and getting re-arrested eight different times, and spending 78 days in jail, on 27 July, he was released after the Peshawar High Court (PHC) had intervened to grant him bail.
Violence against police
In 2014, a police case was registered against Khan after he stormed a police station which caused injuries to three policemen.
Threat against secularists
In 2017, Khan asserted that those who want to secularize Pakistan should "mend their ways or leave the country", as for him Pakistan was always meant to be an Islamic state. | WIKI |
What Is the Difference Between a Windmill & a Wind Turbine?
Windmills and wind turbines both harness wind energy and put it to practical use. The difference is in how they do it: One is a machine with mechanics powered by the wind, the other generates electricity for use elsewhere.
...
a wind turbine uses motion to create electrical current.
Windmills
Windmills convert wind energy directly into mechanical energy for such tasks as milling grain--the source of the term--or pumping water, which is usually the purpose of windmills you see on farms.
Windmill Mechanism
The spinning vanes of a windmill turn a camshaft, which is connected by gears and rods to the machinery that does the work. All power is directed into the work
Wind Turbine
A wind turbine converts wind energy into electricity, which can then be used to power electrical equipment, stored in batteries or transmitted over power lines.
Wind Turbine Mechanism
A wind turbine has essentially the same parts as a simple electric motor, but it works in reverse: A motor uses electrical current to produce motion; a wind turbine uses motion to create electrical current.
Terminology
Though "windmill" is frequently used by laypeople to describe electricity-generating wind turbines, the wind power industry and windmill manufacturers both make a careful distinction between the terms. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Mase
Copyright
The original page was largely copied from EMI's page on Mase: http://www.emimusicpub.com/worldwide/artist_profile/mase_profile.html. I have written a stub to replace the copyright violation once the Copyright Problems procedures are complete. --FuriousFreddy 15:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
Move Request
It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. Wikipedia does not use fancy symbols in article titles, no matter how much Macy*s, Ma$e, or anyone else may want us to. Dragons flight 06:11, September 7, 2005 (UTC)
* Oppose move. — Knowledge Seeker দ 00:27, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
What the hell is Going on
Mase is one of the most best rappers alive and I hope he come back to spotlight.Who ever said that he was one of the most dislike is hating and when I find out who said i am going to kill them
Every rapper in diplomats
Fabolous
Paul cain
Loon
Unlce Murda
the remaining members of Harlem world
Absolutely none of the controversies associated with the man who went from "Minister to Sinister" are listed here, and therefore the article is incomplete. Debo7 (talk) 01:41, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Rename the article!
He's "Murda Ma$e" again! Rename it!
* Since Ma$e has been spelling out his name for 10 years as "em-ay-dollarSign-ee", the article should be titled "Ma$e" with redirects from "Murda Ma$e", "Murda Mase", and "Mase" leading to "Ma$e". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Delorenzo (talk • contribs)
* The Wikipedia search engine is perfectly capable of handling searches for titles containing the "$" character".
* Please rename the article using the '$' in place of the 's'
* The article should stay titled as "Ma$e" until further notice. There has been no official changing of his name. The one mixtape he released under G-Unit his name is "Ma$e" on the cover. That's the latest release we've seen from him.--<IP_ADDRESS> 17:01, 12 June 2006 (UTC)
I was wondering is it Murda Mase (or Ma$e) or Mase(Ma$e) Murda (Murder). I always thought it was Murda Mase, (not Mase Murder). I used to listen to alot of Children of the Corn tracks and heard him referred to Murda Mase a few times, but mostly it was Murda Mase. I'm not trying to debate the S vs. $ usage, just the order of Murda Mase or Mase Murda. Also on the children of the corn page it is Murda Mase. So can someone answer my question and fix either this page or the c.o.c. page. - TydAmaNN58
Year of birth
Will someone please stop changing his year of birth to 1978!!! he was born in 1974, as it says in his 2002 autobiography and on imdb. com. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 19:19, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
* YOU FOOL HE CAME OUT IN 1997 WHEN HE WAS 19 WORK IT OUT FOOL, IN 88 HE WAS 10 IN 98 HE WAS 20 AND IN 2008 HE WILL BE 30 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 11:17, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
* There are a couple sources that even say he was born in 1977 ... So it's either 1974, 1977, or 1978!(allmusic.com) Argh, which is it?! Amchow78 18:08, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
* According to imdb, its 1974. the person above had no sources listed, so for now it should be 1974. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 04:58, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
* NO WHERE DOES IN HIS AUTOBIOGRAPGHY SAY THAT MASE WAS BORN IN 1974! IT DOES NOT LIST HIS DATE OF BIRTH, THE REVELATIONS ONLY TOUCHES ON HIS CHILDHOOD, IT IS MAINLY ABOUT HOW HE GAVE UP RAP, NOW PLEASE TELL ME WHO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA THAT IT LISTS HIS DATE OF BORTH IN HIS BOOK LIME AFTER THE LIGHT? PLEASE HE WAQS BORN IN 1978 NO WONDER ONE TRUSTS WIKIPEDIA.
AllMusicGuide says 1978, IMDB says 1974 and Wikipedia now says 1977. We need clear proof of the year of birth here. Hotwine8 03:37, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
VH1 says 1977. I'd go with them over a website like IMDB which is similar to Wiki, in that users submit the information most of the time. Chad Hennings 22:07, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
* Mase himself wrote in his book Revelations that he was born on August 27, 1975 – refer to page 16, the first page of Chapter Two, subtitled "In the Beginning". AllMusic now says August 27, 1977. IMDb still says August 27, 1974, but that website allows users to change the information, making it unreliable. XXL Mag says August 27, 1975, and it's pretty detailed, saying he graduated Manhattan Center High School in 1994. Back in 1999, Vibe magazine said he was 17 in the summer of 1995, which puts his birth year at 1978 or 1977, depending on what part of summer Vibe was talking about. But none of these have the authority of Mase writing in his book. Binksternet (talk) 00:50, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
Signed to G-Unit
Is the signing to g-unit finalized yet? i cant find any info on this. But i thought that he was already signed since he appeared in the Window Shopper video. --Darkneonflame 02:15, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
That deal fell through, it's was the price that 50 Cent wanted out of the deal. A million! Sean Combs wanted eight million for the release of the contract and publishing. That lead to the "fall-out". Combs is still attached to the rapper. The rapper owes Combs three albums under the six album contract deal. He released, Harlem World, Double Up, and Welcome Back. At last time the rapper was signed to Derrty/Fo'Reel Entertainment/Bad Boy Records. Derrty Records and Fo'Reel Entertainment are labels that host hitmaker Nelly, Murphy Lee, and Ali. I hope that clears up any situations! I don't know if Cudda Luv still attached to Mase but if he is....LILVOKA 02:31, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
Ya so hes signed with Nelly and Diddy??? --Darkneonflame 02:35, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
Sad, but true as the addressed claims otherwise. LILVOKA 02:39, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
Im still confused... so many sources say hes on G-Unit and that he left bad boy, but i dont kno. --Darkneonflame 02:44, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
I'm thinking anything related to G-Unit should be rewritten in the past tense, as he is no longer listed on G-Unit World's MySpace pages. LILVOKA got it right when he said the deal fell through. He did one mixtape with G-Unit (Radio Pt. 16) and that song on the GRoDT soundtrack, but that's about it. Lmz00 00:59, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
So...
Okay, now I'm thinking a certain Wikipedian who I won't point out specifically, but who's username begins with the letter L (and ends in ILVOKA) should be blocked from editing this page (at the very least, anyway). :\
1. Why would you change
which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's "Bad Boy". to
which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's for the single "Bad Boy".
??? That doesn't make any sense whatsoever. Are you telling me that Mase had a single called "Bad Boy" (which he doesn't), that samples a song called Miami Sound Machine (which isn't even a song)?
2. I think you've just set a world record for the amount of times "the rapper" is used in a single article.
I could certainly go on, but I won't. Lmz00 03:07, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
Could Wikipedia change this little grammar mistake in Feuds with rappers: [...] Loon has has since been interviewed saying that he and Mase have no beef. Have a nice day!
This is what I edited for the article!
September 21, 2006. No vandalism, no weasel words, sourcing, and no copyright violations. This edit war with Lmz00 has gotten to a point where I refuse to answer to the user. The user cannont resolve this dispute without using inactive comments toward myself and others. It's just simplified just to compromise a fair look at the article without using too many links and notable likeness. And for the user to use 50 instead of 50 Cent, that just another way of saying a number said this instead of an rapper. Just look at the current version. The last time I edit this article was about at least a week ago. I asked for a protection to inactive users who choice not to compromise, and refuse to work as a community. Please try to work with others and myself, we are not ruin anyone's edits. We just trying to make Wikipedia better. If you choose to continue your actions, you enable others who maliciously ruin articles and ruin the context of being a free encylopedia. I can say we're pretty lucky that Jimbo Wells has made this to be a free encylopedia. You should consider yourself greatful. Now if you want to make edits (as for fun or whatever) that fit your needs you can consider, Uncyclopedia, Rap dictionary, and numerous others. Please work with us Lmz00, not against us. Thanks. LILVOKA 15:32, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
* Again with the personal attacks. Like always, it's not helping or hurting me, it really hurts yourself. Once again refrain from personal attacks. LILVOKA 16:17, 29 September 2006 (UTC).
Your response
Mind you, I haven't edited the Mase article in quite some time. My reverts have simply been reverts to edits made by other users. The reason for this is mainly because your writing skills aren't really up to par with those that one might expect from an encyclopedia article. That, and you tend to either include nonsense in your edits, remove info. of relevance, or both. You keep mentioning wanting to resolve "disputes," however, everytime I call you out on your edits, you disappear (and then reappear on various Admin Talk pages trying to portray me as a vandal). You've tried to have me blocked, which there was no basis for. You've tried requesting mediation, and your case was rejected. I suggest you give it a rest. I've also noticed that you seem to avoid giving a direct answer to questions. Anyway, since you were so kind as to refer me to those websites, I figured I'd return the favor by suggesting you visit the following:
Simple English Wikipedia - This is probably where you should be editing, given your apparent education level.
"HOW TO WRITE WELL!" - You (including your User page, articles you edit, and Wikipedia as a whole) would also benefit greatly from this handy dandy website.
Have a nice day! I'll be back on Monday, try not to miss me too much. ;) And remember... stay in school, and don't do drugs! :) Your friendly neighborhood Wikipedian. Lmz00 16:08, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
My response
I refuse (and I mean refuse) to answer to you and your user page! This talk page is the only way you'll hear from me. It's the only way! There are no personal conflicts toward you, it's just another move that I've made to avoid confrontational responses. Now, had you left comments that were nicer, I would have responded! Because of your personal attacks, you are getting nothing. That's not simple English, it's common sense. Thank you. LILVOKA 16:28, 29 September 2006 (UTC).
My response to your response to my response
Well... I don't even have a user page (they're overrated), but I must say that's one mighty bold move you've made there. In that case, I guess I'd better hang around here more often, because I seriously (and I mean seriously) don't know what I would do if there weren't any way for me to hear from you. I just can't get enough LILVOKA in my life. :[
And on another note, I'm sorry you deem my responses to your "responses" to be "personal attacks." Try not to be so sensitive? And hey... consider me fixing some of the errors in your response a token of kindness. You take care, now! :) Lmz00 23:35, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
Disambiguation
Can somebody who can edit the page add a disambiguation to Mase, Switzerland at the top? Rigadoun (talk) 19:00, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
Edit requests
Please make the following changes to the page: Thanks. Khatru2 05:24, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
* 1) Place the template at the top of the page so it is clear that the page is protected.
* 2) Place a disambiguation notice below that (per the above user) which reads :This article is about the rapper. For the municipality in Switzerland, see Mase, Switzerland.
* 3) Diambiguate the link in the Retirement section so it points directly to the Georgia (U.S. state) article ( Georgia )
* Now done; thanks for asking. (and for the nicely copyable examples) JesseW, the juggling janitor 09:01, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
Hi I'm no wiki expert but i just noticed the use of the word beef. Without an explination of this or even a link from it to it's own page, I feel that some people may be confused by this. I think it would be better to change it to 'dispute' or something similar that everyone understands. OR... someone could make a page for "beef" ?
* beef has been linked to hip hop rivalries Taco325i 12:58, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
Well...
Since you're into making changes, I suggest you keep up the good work by changing:
-which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's for the single "Bad Boy".
back to
-which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's "Bad Boy".
for the reasons mentioned above. :) Lmz00 23:39, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
DR?
Does he really go by DR? People with HONORARY degress do not do that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)
What is this??????????????
Mase is trying to be another Benny Hinn. I guess that many people will say that Mase is a false prophet.
Removed Unsourced Material
Removed the following:
After badmouthing The Wu-Tang Clan at a concert, Mase had a run-in with Ghostface Killa and his entourage at a club in New York City. There was some sort of physical altercation between Mase's and Ghostface's camps, and Mase left the incident with a broken jaw.
Was originally going to add Fact, but given the Wiki:Biography rules, it's best to leave this off until properly sourced.
Fair use rationale for Image:CD Breakthrough.jpg
Image:CD Breakthrough.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:45, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
talking about bad boy
someone should erase the lines about 'passion' with puffy. also, mase is not signed to g-unit, but i think that he is out of his contractual obligations with puff. not sure about that, but i know that they aren't in love. mase is whack, but lets be accurate.
Mase isn't on Bad Boy
Some jerkass or jerkasses keep putting that Mase is still on Bad Boy. He's not, but he's not finalized with SRC just yet as far as I know. Plus they put the wrong myspace; That myspace is unofficial, so if someone can please correct this shit, I'd be grateful.
Shouldn't this be moved to "Mase". Because $ cannot be used in an album title, song or band/artist names.--Woop-Woop That's the sound of da Police 12:15, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
acccording to this article vinnie beat mase up, i can not find any sources on that.... is this made up or did it happen? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:06, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
Ministry and personal life ignored?
Why is there no significant information in this article about his well-known ministry or his marriage? Mason Betha ceased to be only a rapper 10 years ago. These things are easily sourced and deserve more than a footnote for this to be a well rounded article. Furthermore, this article should be title "Mason Betha" to reflect all of his works, not just those in the music world.Kuahmel (talk) 00:02, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
Second Comeback Horribly Written
No citations anywhere, and the last paragraph is just speculation. I'm removing it until any of the things written there can proven. -BGRuthless (talk) 12:58, 26 August 2009 (UTC)
Yes and can we have a mention of a year somewhere in the section please? There is a almost a 6 year gap in between "Welcome Back" and his now unreleased album. Minnesota cold (talk) 00:56, 16 October 2009 (UTC)
It's only taken 10 years for someone to do this, but I've added the year to the subheading now. Pelagic (talk) 00:08, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
* See? The system works! Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:07, 9 November 2019 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
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I have just modified 2 external links on Mase. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140226192649/http://www.donbleek.com/2011/03/12/picture-me-dope-harlems-rap-group-children-of-the-corn/ to http://www.donbleek.com/2011/03/12/picture-me-dope-harlems-rap-group-children-of-the-corn/
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://mtv.com/news/gallery/m/mase990830.html
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 20:36, 20 January 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Landmine Museum
The Landmine Museum is a museum in Lieyu Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan.
History
The museum was opened in mid 2012 by capitalizing the military history left from the Taiwan Strait Crisis legacies.
Architecture
The museum is located inside an underground tunnel connecting Tiehan Fort and Yongshi Fort.
Exhibitions
The museum displays various information on the history and different types of land mines. | WIKI |
Argentina crisis: Macri asks for more time to pay debts amid default worries
An intensifying bout of volatility in South America's second-largest country has stoked fears of a full-blown financial crisis, with analysts warning Argentina could soon register its ninth sovereign default. It comes after embattled President Mauricio Macri pledged to "re-profile" roughly $100 billion in debt this week. The plan, which requires congressional approval, was an attempt to shore up confidence in financial markets ahead of a presidential election later this year. In response to the news, government bonds and the super-sensitive peso sold off on Thursday, as market participants deemed the proposal to be insufficient in tackling the country's severe financial troubles. Standard & Poor's (S&P) also announced it had slashed Argentina's long-term credit rating by another three notches into the deepest area of junk debt. The credit rating agency said Macri's plan to "unilaterally" extend maturities of all short-term paper constituted default under its own criteria. S&P attributed its decision to the "heightened vulnerabilities of Argentina's credit profile," citing the quickly deteriorating financial environment, the absence of confidence in financial markets about policy initiatives under the next administration and the inability of the Treasury to roll over short-term debt with the private sector. The latest round of turmoil in the recession-hit country was triggered by a stunning result in primary polls earlier this month. In a vote seen by many as a key gauge for the first round of Argentina's presidential elections on October 27, business-friendly Macri lost by a far greater margin than expected to the opposition ticket of center-left Alberto Fernandez and populist ex-leader Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. The result on August 11 cast serious doubt over the center-right incumbent's re-election chances in less than 60 days' time. Analysts said the nationwide ballot proved voters were fed up with Macri's austere economic policy. The primaries are widely seen as a relatively accurate indicator of public opinion ahead of the elections. That's because all parties take part and voter participation is mandatory. The result was especially shocking because it showed Fernandez and de Kirchner could have enough support to avoid a potential run-off vote in November. The primaries set off a shockwave in financial markets, with investors concerned a return of the left to power could represent a new era of interventionist policies. On Wednesday, Treasury Minister Hernan Lacunza announced the government wanted to extend maturities on short-term debt and planned to negotiate new time periods for loans to be paid back to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Lacunza described the debt-extension plan as a "re-profiling" of obligations that would impact institutional rather than individual investors. Argentina's government is "trying to stop burning through reserves fruitlessly" amid a collapse in rollover rates for its short-term debt, Fiona Mackie, regional director for Latin America at the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), said via Twitter on Thursday. "This makes some sense, but this is looking more and more of a solvency rather than just a liquidity issue," Mackie said. Macri borrowed $57 billion from the IMF last year on the agreement he would implement austerity measures to trim the country's huge debt and make the repayments. Fernandez, who has become the front-runner to win presidential elections later this year, has said he wants to renegotiate the IMF pact. "Failure of the re-profiling of medium-term debt would keep the risk of a credit event at elevated levels," Nicholas Watson, Latin American analyst at risk consultancy Teneo Intelligence, said in a research note. "It would also revive the latent risk that this government simply cannot make it through to the end of its term as scheduled in December, and that the electoral and/or the handover needs to be brought forward," Watson said. In an effort to prevent the peso from falling even further, Argentina's central bank spent $367 million of its reserves in the foreign exchange market interventions on Wednesday, followed by an additional $223 million in the previous session. The peso closed slightly higher to stand at 57.9 per U.S. dollar on Thursday, but the currency is down nearly 22% since Macri finished a distant second in the primaries earlier this month. IHS Markit's latest estimates, based on Thursday's closing level of Argentine 5-year credit default swaps (CDS), suggest that the probability of a sovereign default within a one-year period now stands at 64%. Meanwhile, over a five-year period, the likelihood of default is seen at 85%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
An Obedient Father
An Obedient Father is a 2000 novel by Akhil Sharma. It received the 2001 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award and Whiting Writers' Award. Set during the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, the story is about a corrupt and loathsome bag man who lives with his daughter and granddaughter in a New Delhi slum. The novel started as a short story that was previously published.
In his interview for the Paris Review's series "My First Time", Sharma described creating his main character as "looking for someone who was guilty appropriately... There's that Henry James quote that 'it doesn't matter if a character is good or bad, it matters if the character is interesting.' So that's how I began to figure how to write about someone like (the main character)."
In July 2022, McNally Editions published a considerably revised, shorter edition of the novel, with a very different ending. | WIKI |
Treatment for Acne that Works for All
A Simple Truth behind Acne
treatment for acneTeenagers and young adults in particular regard acne as one of their irritating and upsetting nuisance they have to put up with on a daily basis. The fact that when people wake up seeing several unsightly acne and pimples make their mornings relatively displeasing to a point it will ultimately affect them for the rest of the day physically and socially. The first reaction to people suffering from acne problems for the first time assumes that the best and flawless treatment for acne is seeing the dermatologist and purchasing expensive skin care packages and treatment.
An important point to reflect is that not all cases of acne problems are treated the same. Although all acne problems have the same pathophysiology in hormonal fluctuations that lead to an increase in oil production which is primarily the main cause of acne, an important consideration is therefore needed to be stressed out that not all acne will respond to the same medical treatment regimen. What people don’t know is that the human body through the course of evolution has its natural way of correcting imbalances in the body and acne is no exception. With proper rest, optimal nutrition and proper skin care acne problems can be treated and healthy looking skin can be restored.
Acne Treatment Options
Often times people read or hear dozens of acne myths. One popular myth is eating oily and greasy foods can lead to formation of acne. Although this may be a plausible factor, food intake isn’t directly the cause of acne. Clogged pores on the face caused by excessive oil combined with dirt and irritants are the main cause of acne. Treatment for acne should basically consist of proper skin treatment which doesn’t necessarily mean expensive ones. Washing the face twice a day with a mild non-comedogenic soap or sulfur based soap once in the morning and then before sleeping is perhaps the easiest and cheapest way to treat acne. It is important not to wash the face more than the recommended time as this can further exacerbate sebaceous glands to produce more oil thus worsening acne.
When home remedy treatments don’t seem to work or people are just impatient for results, a more expensive option to treat acne would be medical procedures such as laser peels that work by finely peeling deep-seated dirt on the skin leaving a glowing radiant skin. This form of acne treatment however requires several sessions and is generally quite expensive.
Modifying Diet and Lifestyle for Treating Acne
• Eat a well balanced diet coupled with taking-in multi-vitamins and plenty of water to ensure the body has the right balance of nutrition in order for the body to be at its peak function in maintaining its regulatory and healing functions.
• Consume natural sources of vitamin A, C and E such as carrots, fruit juices and nuts (in moderate amounts) since these vitamins not only strengthen the skin and mucus membranes but also help in reducing sebum production. Their potent anti-oxidant properties rid of toxins that hasten skin ageing as well.
• Avoid wearing heavy makeup especially with the onset of ongoing acne since the use of makeup contributes to clogging up the pores leading to more pimples and eventually more acne outbreaks.
• Keeping your hair short and off the face will help lessen the chances of acne and pimples from occurring since the hair contains oil and dirt which are constantly exposed to the elements.
• Never squeeze blackheads and pimples because even the slightest of scratching, rubbing and squeezing them can ultimately lead to irritation and infection which results in more pimples and more acne formations.
The best treatment for acne is relatively subjective and depends on an individual which some believe can be achieved from what their money can provide while others opt for trying cheaper non- conventional treatments to treat acne problems. The above suggestions are just some basic practices that may not directly treat active acne problems but to some degree can alleviate the problems caused by acne. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:BraveToaster159/sandbox
Article Editing for History Of Science SP2020
Partner: Deidra Rodgers (hollyocean)
Article: George Sarton
Sources:
George Sarton, by I. Bernard Cohen, accessed on JSTOR
George Sarton and Harvard University, by James B Conant, accessed on JSTOR
George Sarton and the Spanish Arabists, by Thomas F. Glick, accessed on JSTOR
Rethinking Sarton's Institute for History of Science and Civilization - Virtually, by Jane Maienschein, accessed on JSTOR
BraveToaster159 (talk) 18:17, 28 February 2020 (UTC)
Proposed Article Changes: George Sarton
Sarton intended to complete an exhaustive nine-volume history of science; during the preparation of the second volume, he learned Arabic and traveled around the Middle East for part of his research, inspecting original manuscripts of Islamic scientists. During his time in the Middle East, he helped to institutionalize the school of Spanish Arabists. By the time of his death, he had completed only the first three volumes: I. From Homer to Omar Khayyam; II. From Rabbi Ben Ezra to Roger Bacon, pt. 1–2; and III. Science and learning in the fourteenth-century, pt. 1–2. Sarton had been inspired for his project by his study of Leonardo da Vinci, but he had not reached this period in history before dying.
Reworking of first sentence and addition of title:
Sarton intended to complete an exhaustive nine-volume history of science entitled Introduction to the History of Science. (1) During the second volume ….
Addition of sentence on end of paragraph about lecturing subjects
However one series of lectures Sarton gave during his first year at Harvard discussed da Vinci and were entitled “ "Science and Civilization in the Time of Leonardo da Vinci, Scientist and Artist."
BraveToaster159 (talk) 18:07, 6 March 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:That Royle Girl (Balmer).pdf/313
lay for you somewhere else. Too much chance for us here."
Calvin's head was awhirl with his unsettled certainties tumbling over one another; he tried to arrange his thoughts, rallying them to some new idea upon which he could depend; and he raised, for the rallying point, a conception of the Royle girl, clean and true.
He could not know how she, out of the welter of evil in her environment, could have emerged as he at last had found her to be; but, lying there under the car, he knew that she had seen, not Ketlar but Baretta, in the window of Adele Ketlar's flat, and that Joan Daisy Royle had nothing whatever to do with the murder, but that she had visited the shore that night, as she had told him, following some dream of her own wherein she had laid the stones in the sand in the pattern of stars in the sky.
He felt her trying to better his position. "I'm all right," he said; then he heard her crawling out. "Where are you going?"
"To look around."
She did so and reported, "Nobody's in sight."
He felt a scarcely perceptible shift of the pressure upon him, and he knew that she was trying to lift the wreck. She recognized the impossibility of this and desisted, sensibly, when he spoke to her.
"I'll bring help from the road," she said.
"Look out for th' road," warned Neski.
"Go to a house," said Calvin; then he said, "Wait."
"What is it?"
"I've been wrong about you, all wrong, wrong," he acknowledged to her.
He heard no reply but a footstep and whether nearer to him or away, he did not know; soon he heard her steps cracking the crust between the furrows as she hurried off. He quivered with cold and with fear when she was gone, | WIKI |
26 julio, 2024
Difference Between Trajectory and Displacement
The difference between trajectory and displacement is that the latter is the distance and direction traveled by an object, while the trajectory is the route or the form that the movement of that object takes.
However, to see more clearly the differences between displacement and trajectory, it is better to explain through examples that allow a better understanding of both terms.
Displacement
It is understood as the distance and direction traveled by an object, taking into account its initial position and its final position, always in a straight line. For its calculation, since it is a vectorial magnitude, length measurements known as centimeters, meters or kilometers are used.
The formula to calculate the displacement is defined as follows:
From which it follows that:
– Δx = offset
– Xf = final position of the object
– Xi = initial position of the object
Scroll Example
1. If a group of children are at the beginning of a route, whose initial position is 50 m, moving in a straight line, determine the displacement at each of the points Xf.
– Xf = 120m
– Xf = 90m
– Xf = 60m
– Xf = 40m
2. The data of the problem is extracted by substituting the values of X2 and X1 in the displacement formula:
– Δx = ?
– Xi = 50m
– Δx = Xf – Xi
– Δx = 120m – 50m = 70m
3. In this first approach, we say that Δx is equal to 120 m, which corresponds to the first value of Xf we find, minus 50 m, which is the value of Xi, which gives us 70 m as a result, that is, when we reach 120 m traveled the displacement was 70 m to the right.
4. We proceed to solve in the same way for the values of b, c and d
– Δx = 90m – 50m = 40m
– Δx = 60m – 50m = 10m
– Δx = 40m – 50m = – 10m
In this case, the displacement gave us negative, that means that the final position is in the opposite direction to the initial position.
Trajectory
It is the route or line determined by an object during its movement and its valuation in the International System, it generally adopts geometric forms such as a straight line, parabola, circle or ellipse.
It is identified through an imaginary line and because it is a scalar quantity it is measured in meters.
It should be noted that to calculate the trajectory we must know if the body is at rest or in motion, that is, it is subject to the reference system that we select.
The equation to calculate the trajectory of an object in the International System is given by:
Of which we have to:
– r
– 2t – 2 and t2 = represent the coordinates as a function of time
.iy .j = are the unit vectors
To understand the calculation of the trajectory traveled by an object we will develop the following example:
Calculate the equation of the trajectories of the following position vectors:
– r
– r
First step: As a trajectory equation is a function of X, to do so, define the values of X and Y respectively in each of the proposed vectors:
1. Solve for the first position vector:
– r
2. Ty=f(x), where X is given by the content of the unit vector .ie Y is given by the content of the unit vector .J:
– X = 2t + 7
– Y = t2
3. y=f(x), that is, time is not part of the expression, therefore, we must clear it, we are left with:
4. We replace the clearance in Y. It remains:
5. We solve the content of the parentheses and we have the equation of the resulting trajectory for the first unit vector:
As we can see, it gave us a second degree equation as a result, this means that the trajectory has the shape of a parabola.
Second step: We proceed in the same way to calculate the trajectory of the second unit vector:
1. r
–X = t – 2
– Y = 2t
2. Following the steps that we saw previously y=f(x), we must clear the time because it is not part of the expression, we are left with:
–t = X + 2
3. We replace the clearance in Y, leaving us:
– y = 2 ( X + 2)
4. Solving the parentheses, we are left with the equation of the resulting trajectory for the second unit vector:
This procedure gave us a straight line, which tells us that the trajectory has a rectilinear shape.
Once the concepts of displacement and trajectory are understood, we can deduce the rest of the differences that exist between both terms.
More differences between displacement and trajectory
Displacement
– It is the distance and direction traveled by an object taking into account its initial position and its final position.
– It always occurs in a straight line.
– It is recognized with an arrow.
– Use measures of length (centimeter, meter, kilometer).
– It is a vector quantity.
– Take into account the direction traveled (to the right or to the left)
– It does not consider the time spent during the tour.
– It does not depend on a reference system.
– When the start point is the same as the start point, the offset is zero.
– The module must coincide with the space to be traveled as long as the trajectory is a straight line and there are no changes in the direction to be followed.
– The module tends to increase or decrease as the movement occurs, taking into account the trajectory.
Trajectory
It is the route or line determined by an object during its movement. It adopts geometric shapes (straight, parabolic, circular or elliptical).
– It is represented by an imaginary line.
– It is measured in meters.
– It is a scalar quantity.
– It does not take into account the direction traveled.
– Consider the time spent during the tour.
– Depends on a reference system.
– When the starting point or initial position is the same as the final position, the trajectory is given by the distance traveled.
– The value of the trajectory coincides with the magnitude of the displacement vector, if the resulting trajectory is a straight line, but there are no changes in the direction to follow.
– It always increases when the body moves, regardless of the trajectory.
References
Fernandez, M., Fidalgo, J. (2016). Physics and Chemistry 1st Baccalaureate. Paraninfo Editions, SA Spain.
Guatemalan Institute of Radio Education (2011) Fundamental Physics. First Semester Zaculeu Group. Guatemala.
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