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[No. G046687.
Fourth Dist., Div. Three.
Dec. 31, 2012.]
In re the Marriage of E.U. and J.E. E.U., Appellant, v. J.E., Respondent.
Counsel
Law Offices of Jeffrey W. Doeringer and Jeffrey W. Doeringer for Appellant.
Baron & Legal and Brian W. Baron for Respondent.
Opinion
IKOLA, J.
Family Code section 3047 is intended to protect the parental rights of deployed servicemembers and to promote the expeditious resolution of custody disputes in deployment situations. The statute establishes a presumption that a servicemember returning from military service should regain his or her predeployment custody of a child, unless the court determines it is not in the child’s best interests.
The case before us illustrates the challenges faced by military parents upon their return home from serving their country. After protracted legal proceedings, the court ruled that E.U. (father) should lose primary care of his child due to father’s temporary deployment to Afghanistan, during which the child’s mother assumed primary custody. We hold the court erred by failing to enforce a court order which provided that father’s custody should be reinstated upon his return from military service, and by failing to provide the “fair, efficient, and expeditious process to resolve [the] child custody and visitation issue[]” intended by the Legislature when it enacted section 3047. (Id., subd. (h).)
FACTS
2000 to 2009: First Nine Years of Minor’s Life
In 2000, S.U. (minor) was bom to father and J.E. (mother). A year later, the parents divorced.
The parents shared joint custody of minor under a court order which provided that (1) minor would attend the Oceanside school near father’s home and (2) father would have primary physical custody of minor. The court issued this custody order in October 2005, then formalized it in a written order in July 2006, and subsequently reaffirmed it in 2007 after ruling the parenting arrangement was in minor’s best interests. In this opinion, we shall refer collectively to these three custody orders as the “2006 custody order.” Pursuant to the 2006 custody order, minor attended the Oceanside school for four years, from August 2005 to September 2009.
The 2006 custody order anticipated that father or mother might at some time be called to active military duty. Paragraph 11 of that five-page order provided: “If military deployment should require either parent to leave California, the parent remaining in California should assume the role of primary parent, with a return to the established parenting plan upon the return of the [deployed] parent to California.” In this opinion, we shall refer to this clause as the “reinstatement directive.”
July 2009 to August 2010: Father’s Deployment to Afghanistan
In July 2009, father was activated for military duty in Afghanistan. The orders contemplated father being (1) quartered at Camp Pendleton, California, from August 2, 2009, through November 2, 2009, (2) in Afghanistan from November 3, 2009, through July 15, 2010, and (3) at Camp Pendleton from July 16, 2010, through August 21, 2010.
On August 7, 2009, father filed an order to show cause (OSC), seeking to enroll minor at a school located midway between father’s and mother’s homes. On August 14, 2009, the court ordered that minor should remain in the Oceanside school near father’s home.
Meanwhile, on August 13, 2009, mother filed an OSC, which is not in the appellate record, but which is later described by the judge as a request for attorney fees and sanctions. Apparently, mother’s OSC was set for hearing on September 28, 2009, because on or about August 27, 2009, father served the court and mother with (1) an application for a stay of proceedings under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. Appen. § 501 et seq.), advising them that his “current military duties require[d him] to be present for unit training on” September 28, 2009, and that the next date he could be in family court was almost a year later on July 30, 2010, and (2) a letter from father’s commanding officer, stating that father’s military duties prevented him from attending a court hearing on September 28, 2009
It also appears mother signed another application for an OSC on September 9, 2009, which was eventually filed with the court as an ex parte application on September 15, 2009. Mother’s OSC sought sole legal and physical custody of minor and a temporary order that minor be enrolled in a school near mother’s home. (On appeal, mother has augmented the record with a copy of this OSC, but without the supporting declaration. It is unclear whether mother offered any legal argument or supporting evidence as to minor’s best interests, or whether her OSC was simply in response to father’s deployment.)
Mother apparently gave prior notice to father that she intended to appear in court with her ex parte application on September 15, 2009, because father sent a second application for stay of the proceedings under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act. This application was dated September 10, 2009, and the proof of service shows delivery to the court on September 14, 2009. Father’s commanding officer also wrote two additional letters, one dated September 10, 2009, stating that father’s military duties prevented his appearance in court for a hearing scheduled on September 15, 2009, and another dated September 18, 2009, stating that father’s military duties prevented his appearance in court on September 24, 2009. Both letters stated that “military leave is not authorized for [father] at the time of this letter.”
On September 24, 2009, in father’s absence, and apparently without recognizing that the existing 2006 custody order already provided for the eventuality of father’s military deployment, Judge Nancy A. Pollard found father was deployed and issued a temporary custody order, stating: “Because of the immediacy and the necessity to have a parent available to sign any documentation necessary should there be an emergency for this child, [the court is] going to temporarily order, without prejudice to father, that mother is to have the sole legal and sole physical custody of the minor child and that that child will be enrolled in the school of mother’s choice.” The court stated the order would “remain in effect until [father] returns from his deployment .... At that time he may file an order to show cause to modify the custody . . . .”
In October 2009, father filed a motion to vacate all orders made after August 27, 2009, and to stay the matter until he returned on July 20, 2010, from military deployment. Father declared (1) the 2006 custody order mandated reversion to the established parenting plan upon the return of the deployed parent to California, (2) father was deployed, had applied for a stay of proceedings under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act on August 27, 2009, and had provided the court and mother with copies of the necessary letters and notices, and (3) mother had attached copies of those letters to her September 15, 2009 ex parte OSC. Although the appellate record is silent on the outcome of this motion, obviously father received no relief relevant to this appeal.
On August 23, 2010, father was released from active duty.
October 2010 to February 2012: Court Proceedings
We summarize below the protracted legal proceedings which extended over a period of 17 months after father’s return home. During this period, mother continued to have primary physical custody of minor due to the court’s refusal to reinstate the predeployment custody arrangement pursuant to the reinstatement directive of the 2006 custody order, and mother’s failure to comply voluntarily with the reinstatement directive.
(1) October 2010: Father Appears in Court
On August 3, 2010, shortly before father’s release from active duty, mother filed a declaration in support of a motion to disqualify the judge, and, on the next day, the case was reassigned to another judicial officer, apparently a commissioner. On September 17, the case was once again reassigned to a different judicial officer, this time Judge Michael S. McCartin. In a later hearing, father explained that the case had been reassigned again because he had not agreed to a commissioner.
On October 1, 2010, two weeks after the case had been assigned to Judge McCartin, father appeared in propria persona before Judge McCartin. The record does not reflect the reason for the appearance or the nature of the matter on calendar that day. Father later recalled that he had “mentioned” his belief that “we were reverting everything back on that day,” and Judge McCartin later recalled encouraging father to file for a custody “modification.” Judge McCartin continued the matter.
(2) January to February 2011: Father Deployed to Korea
From mid-January to mid-February of 2011, father was again mobilized, this time to Korea. But as of February 11, 2011, father was “no longer on active duty” and was “in the Reserves [as] a civilian employee . . . .”
(3) February 2011: Father’s OSC for Reinstatement of Predeployment Custody
On February 16, 2011, father filed an OSC, seeking physical custody of minor, modification of the September 2009 custody order, and reinstatement of the 2006 custody order pursuant to section 3047. The hearing was set for March 16, 2011.
(4) March 2011: Court Schedules Evidentiary Hearing
At the March 16, 2011 hearing on father’s OSC before Judge McCartin, father, acting in propria persona, argued that the September 2009 custody order was a temporary one and that, pursuant to section 3047, custody should revert to the predeployment custody arrangement without delay, after which mother would have the right to file an OSC to modify custody in minor’s best interests. Father argued the Legislature “did not intend that every time somebody goes overseas to fight for their country they should have to come back and then try to establish that they’re a good parent all over again.” Father argued that minor attended Reynolds Elementary School in Oceanside from kindergarten through the first trimester of fourth grade and had only moved to another school while father was deployed. Father argued minor was now in fifth grade and wanted to return to an Oceanside school.
Mother’s counsel objected that father had failed to submit underlying support with his initial pleadings as required under Code of Civil Procedure section 1005, thereby depriving mother of her statutory 16 court days to respond.
The court, while recognizing that section 3047 advocates an “efficient” and “expeditious process,” interpreted the statute to require a hearing on minor’s best interests, at which father would have the advantage of an evidentiary presumption. Under this interpretation, no reversion to a prior custody arrangement could take place until the court determined at a hearing the issue of minor’s best interests. In the court’s view, the matter “turns into an initial custody case again.” The court stated, “I understand the intent of the Legislature says a fair, efficient, expeditious process. Well, that’s three things I don’t ever see in family law is fair, expeditious, and efficient, because we aren’t. We try to be, but it’s really hard because we don’t have the whole—all the information we need.” Judge McCartin further noted that in his personal experience, he himself did not enjoy frequently changing schools; thus, he would not change minor’s school unless minor was having trouble in the current school.
The court placed the matter on the law and motion calendar, “to be supplemented with testimony.” Father requested a prompt hearing so that minor could graduate from the Oceanside school. The court continued the hearing to May 6, 2011. The docket reflects the May 6 hearing was continued by stipulation.
(5) July 2011: Court Orders Evidence Code Section 730 Evaluation
Father retained counsel and filed a declaration detailing the dates of his military deployment, mobilization, and temporary duty, along with copies of the custody orders made before September 2009.
When father’s OSC finally came on for hearing on July 29, 2011, Judge McCartin made the following statements. If the Legislature intended automatic reversion to the predeployment custody arrangement upon a military parent’s return from deployment, the statute would say so. Instead, the legislative history indicates the best interests of the child are paramount. “What [the statute] tries to do is help military personnel from having to do exactly what happened in this case, unfortunately: come back from deployment and get mired in the family law system, which is what has happened in this case, which is horrible. So the way this has gone about up till now has been the antithesis of what the statute was meant to do.” The court noted it had “been trying to hint to [father] since last October” that he needed to “file [for] a review hearing” and give the court his deployment information. Thus, father bore “equal responsibility” for the delay. But the court acknowledged that father’s OSC had “been tortuously continued to May 6, July 1st and July 8th and today.”
As to father’s deployment to Afghanistan, Judge McCartin found (1) there was no dispute that Judge Pollard’s September 2009 temporary order was made while father was deployed, (2) mother was aware of father’s mobilization at least by September 9, 2009, and (3) father had provided the court with proof he was mobilized and deployed to Afghanistan from July 20, 2009, through August 23, 2010.
Father’s counsel cited the 2006 custody order’s reinstatement directive and asked the court to “short set it for an evidentiary hearing.”
The court instead ordered an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation to be conducted by Dr. Miriam Galindo. In the court’s view, the section 3047 presumption would only matter if Dr. Galindo could not choose between the parents, in which case father would win.
The court clarified there would be no reversion to the predeployment custody arrangement until the court reviewed the evaluator’s report. The court stated, “I feel bad because this is going to delay if we do a 730 . . . ,” but expressed its view that father bore some responsibility for the delay by failing to give the court his deployment information when the court requested it in October 2010. The court stated, “[T]he deployment period wasn’t [long] here, but I’m dealing with an order when [minor] was five years old and he’s almost 11 [years old now].”
(6) August 2011: Father’s Writ Petition
On August 19, 2011, father petitioned this court for a writ of mandate directing the trial court “to enter an order providing for the immediate reversion” to the 2006 custody order. Father requested prompt relief so he could enroll minor in father’s local school before the start of the school year. On August 25, 2011, we summarily denied father’s petition.
(7) September 2011: Matter Continued
The minute order of the September 16, 2011 hearing states, “Dr. Galindo has not completed her report, subsequently, matter is not ready for trial.”
(8) January 2012: Evidence Code Section 730 Report Completed
Dr. Galindo completed her report on January 20, 2012. Because this report is confidential, we summarize it only briefly and as necessary. Dr. Galindo, after a thorough investigation and review, concluded it was not in minor’s best interests to revert back to the original custody arrangement and recommended that minor remain in mother’s primary care. A review of Dr. Galindo’s specific underlying conclusions reveals her recommendation was based on her conclusion that minor, at 11 years old and in middle school, was “doing relatively well under the current circumstances,” had been in mother’s primary custody and had attended the same school district for the past two years, and had an interest in the stability and continuity of the current custodial arrangement.
(9) February 2012: Court Refuses to Reinstate Original Custody Arrangement
At the February 2, 2012 hearing, father’s counsel argued that father was deployed for about one year, maintained contact with minor (who was then age nine) during that time, and visited minor after his return from deployment. The attorney noted that Dr. Galindo found “no mental or physical impairment to [father] due to his deployment [and] no showing of any difference in the circumstances that existed at the time of the deployment” as to the location of the parents’ respective homes, “found no evidence of abuse of the child, found no evidence of any health or safety issues in either household, found no psychological or psychiatric distress of the child, found that both parties supported extracurricular activities for the child, found the child was doing as well in school as he was before, found that the child loves both parents and wants to see his father more, found no substance abuse issues with either household, and found no major mood disorders or thought disorders of . . . either party or the child.” Father’s counsel observed that Dr. Galindo’s recommendation that mother have primary care of minor was based on the continuity and stability of the arrangement of minor residing with mother since mid-2009. Father’s counsel argued that if the passage of time during father’s deployment is a basis for overcoming the section 3047 presumption, then the purpose of the statute is abrogated.
Mother’s counsel argued, “I agree with [father’s] counsel that I think it would be unreasonable and unfair to look at the time [father] was deployed as a reason to modify the [custody] orders. I even go so far as to say it might be unfair and unreasonable to look at the time that it took from February 2011 to today to have his day in court is unfair.” But mother’s counsel argued father was responsible for the six-month delay from August 23, 2010, through February 2011. Mother’s counsel argued minor had made contacts and friends during the years he had attended mother’s local school. Mother’s counsel also made the “procedural” argument that although Judge Pollard’s order was a temporary one, the parties’ OSCs filed prior to September 24, 2009, had yet to be reviewed and should come back ón calendar.
The court ruled that the length of time minor was in mother’s primary custody was significant to minor’s best interests. The court acknowledged the court delay had been unfair to father. Nonetheless, the “effect” of the length of time was important. Father’s two deployments, the time between, father’s delay, and “delay by the court” had had “a dramatic effect on the child.” Both parents were such “good parents” that minor was in middle school and yet willing to move to a school midway between the parents’ homes. The court stated minor was in sixth grade and almost 12 years old, and that at this age, his friends and sports “become paramount.” The court believed it was not in minor’s best interests to “move him out of his current situation,” where he was doing well in school and attached to his maternal grandfather. The court stated minor “would be fine” with father, but “it would be not as fine.” The court’s statement of decision enumerated Dr. Galindo’s findings; the benefit of continuity and stability was the only finding weighing against a reversion to predeployment custody.
DISCUSSION
The Evolution of Section 3047 Reflects the Legislature’s Growing Concern About, and Continuing Efforts to Protect, the Parental Rights of Military Servicemembers
Father argues this case “is a good example of what returning service members should not have to face.” He contends he was denied restoration of primary custody based on the passage of time and court delays, “circumstance[s] that [were] beyond his control.”
Sadly, father’s case is not uncommon. “A consistent problem that has plagued parents returning from extended deployments in which custody arrangements were temporarily altered was the argument by the opposing non-servicemember spouse that the child had become accustomed to the new living arrangements and the child’s primary residence should not be transferred again.” (Note, Child Custody Protections in the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act: Congress Acts to Protect Parents Serving in the Armed Forces (2008) 29 Whittier L.Rev. 857, 873.) “Many servicemembers worry, and rightly so, that the temporary changes implemented via a Family Care Plan during a servicemember’s deployment will become permanent following their return home.” (Note, Defining the “Fit”: The Impact of Gender and Service-member Status on Child Custody Determinations (2011) 14 J. Gender Race & Just. 533, 572, fn. omitted.)
“Given the current state of our armed forces and the military commitments requiring the deployment and re-deployment of our nation’s citizen-soldiers, the dilemma confronting divorced parents of young children as to how best advance the care of those children in the absence of one parent will undoubtedly recur. Our nation’s military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan has stirred several state legislatures into action.” (Faucett v. Vasquez (2009) 411 N.J. Super. 108 [984 A.2d 460, 473], fn. omitted.) In California, our Legislature has responded to this dilemma with section 3047.
In September 2009, when Judge Pollard issued the temporary custody order, former section 3047 provided in its entirety: “A party’s absence, relocation, or failure to comply with custody and visitation orders shall not, by itself, be sufficient to justify a modification of a custody or visitation order if the reason for the absence, relocation, or failure to comply is the party’s activation to military service and deployment out of state.”
In March 2011, when the court first considered father’s OSC for custody reversion, former subdivision (b)(1) of amended section 3047 provided: “If a party with . . . physical custody . . . receives temporary duty, deployment, or mobilization orders from the military that require the party to move a substantial distance from his or her residence or otherwise has a material effect on the ability of the party to exercise custody . . . rights, a modification of the existing custody order shall be deemed a temporary custody order, which shall be subject to review and reconsideration upon the return of the party .... If the temporary order is reviewed upon return of the party . . . , there shall be a presumption that the custody order shall revert to the order that was in place before the modification, unless the court determines that it is not in the best interest of the child.” Former subdivision (e) of amended section 3047 provided: “It is the intent of the Legislature that this section provide a fair, efficient, and expeditious process to resolve child custody . . . issues when a party receives temporary duty, deployment, or mobilization orders from the military.”
The Court Erred by Failing to Reinstate the Predeployment Custody Arrangement
Father contends the court erred by failing to promptly enforce the 2006 reinstatement directive, which he characterizes as “self-[e]xecuting.” Alternatively, he argues the court violated section 3047 by denying him an expeditious process, ordering an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation, and then denying him “custody reversion due to lapse of time and continuity and stability of placement.”
Although mother agrees with “the general legal contentions as argued by” father’s counsel at trial, she argues, “[Tjhis case is fact driven. If the facts here were that there were no [OSCs] pending when [father] became deployed, that [father] noticed [mother] with a clear letter as to his unavailability, [that] there was no valid [o]rder pending for an [Evidence Code section 730] evaluation, and [that] upon return from deployment without hesitation [father] filed a [m]otion to have his custody reinstated, [then] it should have been. But that is not the fact scenario we have here.”
On appeal, we apply a de novo standard of review to the court’s interpretation of section 3047 (California Teachers Assn. v. San Diego Community College Dist. (1981) 28 Cal.3d 692, 699 [170 Cal.Rptr. 817, 621 P.2d 856] [interpretation of statute]) and the 2006 custody order’s reinstatement directive (John Siebel Associates v. Keele (1986) 188 Cal.App.3d 560, 565 [233 Cal.Rptr. 231] [interpretation of effect of judgment]), and to the question of law of whether the court applied the correct legal standard in ruling on father’s custody motion and OSC (In re Marriage of David & Martha M. (2006) 140 Cal.App.4th 96, 100-101 [44 Cal.Rptr.3d 388]). We review the court’s factual findings for substantial evidentiary support. (Robertson v. Fleetwood Travel Trailers of California, Inc. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 785, 798 [50 Cal.Rptr.3d 731].) We review the court’s decision to appoint an Evidence Code section 730 evaluator for an abuse of discretion. (In re Daniel C. H. (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 814, 835 [269 Cal.Rptr. 624].)
In mother’s first fact-driven argument, she asserts section 3047 simply “does not apply here.” She argues, “There is no evidence before the court that [father] was unavailable for his hearing on September 24, 2009 due to military activity. If [father] simply did not appear on September 24, 2009, Judge Pollard’s [o]rders issued that date are not in violation of [section 3047].” Mother suggests father “was not deployed until October 31, 2009.” Mother then concludes that “Judge Pollard made new custody, visitation and school [o]rders based upon the testimony at hand and [each parent’s OSC] before her.” Essentially, mother argues Judge Pollard’s order constituted a predeployment modification of custody, which father could seek to modify upon his return home by proving that his requested modification was in minor’s best interests.
Mother’s factual assertions are meritless. Both Judge Pollard and Judge McCartin found to the contrary. In August 2009, father served Judge Pollard and mother with letters documenting his mobilization and deployment and requesting a stay of legal proceedings pursuant to the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act. On September 24, 2009, Judge Pollard found (1) father was deployed, (2) she had received father’s “letter saying he’s not available until July of next year,” and (3) her order was a temporary one, “without prejudice to father,” based on his deployment. And in July 2011, Judge McCartin found (1) on September 24, 2009, the date of Judge Pollard’s order, father was mobilized or deployed, (2) father notified Judge Pollard of his deployment, and (3) Judge Pollard’s September 24, 2009 order was a temporary one necessitated by father’s deployment. Judge McCartin also confirmed that the court’s file contained letters from father’s commanding officer advising that he could not attend the September hearing. Substantial evidence supports these findings.
Judge Pollard’s order was made “without prejudice to father.” “The term ‘without prejudice,’ in its general adaptation, means that there has been no decision of the controversy on its merits.” (Jones v. City of Los Angeles (1963) 217 Cal.App.2d 153, 157 [31 Cal.Rptr. 761].) To the extent the September 2009 order could be interpreted as being on the merits of the controversy, i.e., a determination of custody arrangements extending beyond father’s deployment, it would have modified the reinstatement directive in violation of father’s due process rights, section 3047, and the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act.
Mother next contends father caused almost a year to pass between his return from deployment and the first hearing on his section 3047 motion. Again, Judge McCartin found otherwise. Substantial evidence supports Judge McCartin’s finding father was responsible for no more than six months of the delay. In any case, once father filed his February 2011 OSC, he was entitled to the expeditious process envisioned by section 3047.
Alternatively, mother argues that if this “court decides [father] was protected by [section 3047] from [Judge Pollard’s order] being issued,” then mother is entitled to her day in court on the two OSCs that were scheduled to be heard on September 24, 2009. She further contends that “Judge McCartin had no choice but to enforce” Judge Pollard’s August 2009 order requiring an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation.
We are unpersuaded. First, the appellate record does not contain an August 2009 order requiring an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation. Nor does the appellate record contain a copy of mother’s August OSC, which, according to the docket, was filed on August 13, 2009. Nor can we imagine why a section 730 evaluation would have been required in August 2009. Just four and one-half months earlier, the court had found the existing custody order was appropriately in force, there having been no change of circumstances. And later, when Judge McCartin was reciting the history of the case, he noted that on August 13, 2009, the court took father’s August 2009 OSC (seeking to change minor’s school to a location midway between father’s and mother’s residence) off calendar. We further note (1) father’s predeployment OSC was effectively superseded by his postdeployment OSC and (2) based on the appellate record before us (which, for the earlier days of this litigation, is sparse), mother’s September 2009 OSC lacked substance and appeared to be filed in response to father’s deployment. In any case, even if mother was entitled to a postdeployment hearing on her September 2009 OSC, she was not entitled to delay father’s requested reversion without offering any evidence it would be detrimental to minor and by instead relying on the outcome of an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation, in what father argues was a “fishing expedition.” In other words, absent the necessary countervailing showing by mother, father was entitled to regain primary physical custody of minor, after which mother was free to challenge the custody arrangement and to request an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation at any time pursuant to the available legal process.
Accordingly, having rejected mother’s assertion the 2006 custody order was permanently modified by Judge Pollard’s temporary order, we conclude the 2006 order’s reinstatement directive was still in effect when father returned home. Father argues the reinstatement directive is self-executing. It is true the order is, by its terms, unconditional. Nonetheless, we are loath to consider a previously issued court order to be wholly self-executing as to future custody changes. In our view, when a court is asked to enforce such an order, it should conduct a limited inquiry into the child’s best interests. (§§ 3022, 3087 [court may modify joint custody order to protect child’s best interests whenever necessary or proper].) In that manner, the reinstatement directive would be applied consistently with section 3047, which creates a presumption that the custody order will revert and requires a “fair, efficient, and expeditious process” (id., subd. (h)) to make the determination. In conducting the limited inquiry, the court’s analysis of the child’s best interests should be restricted to the types of serious concerns suggested by the legislative history of the 2012 amendment to section 3047. Thus, the reinstatement directive of the 2006 custody order should have been enforced unless mother made a prima facie showing of serious concerns such as (1) minor’s young age at the time of father’s deployment suggested that a transitional period might be needed to ease minor back into the original parenting arrangement or (2) father suffered mental or physical health problems that impaired his ability to parent.
No such concerns were present here. Nor did mother make any prima facie showing of minor’s best interests. The court should have returned primary physical custody to father at that point. The court erred by refusing to enforce the reinstatement directive pending the completion of the Evidence Code section 730 evaluation and a subsequent evidentiary hearing.
Dr. Galindo’s report, however, is now complete and we will not ignore it. In the interests of judicial economy, we will apply the correct legal standard in deciding whether its analysis and conclusions are sufficient to justify the court’s refusal to enforce the reinstatement directive. Our review of Dr. Galindo’s confidential report assures us that her recommendation against reversion to predeployment custody was based solely on the benefit minor would derive from continuity and stability—criteria which always favor the nondeployed parent and which further favored mother in this case due to the erroneous delays ordered by the trial court. If the benefit of continuity and stability, without more, were sufficient to overcome the statutory presumption, or, alternatively, were sufficient to modify the terms of the reinstatement directive, neither the statute nor the directive would have meaning. Dr. Galindo’s report reveals the best interests evaluation was a close case. Minor expressed his willingness to move to a school midway between parents, thereby showing he is not wedded to mother’s local school. Minor also said he wants to see father more. Judge McCartin found father and mother are “both really good parents” and that minor would be fine with father, just “not as fine.” Judge McCartin further stated, “[M]y interpretation is that the interest in continuity and stability of the current arrangement outweighs the presumption by not a great amount.” We conclude that, even in light of Dr. Galindo’s report, the court’s refusal to enforce the reinstatement directive was erroneous.
DISPOSITION
The March 6, 2012 order is reversed and the 2006 custody order is reinstated, subject to a hearing on the sole issue whether the reinstatement of the 2006 custody order should be effective immediately, or effective upon the completion of the current school year. The trial court is directed to hold a hearing on this issue within 20 days of this court’s issuance of its remittitur. Father shall recover his costs on appeal.
Fybel, Acting P. J., and Thompson, J., concurred.
Respondent’s petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied March 27, 2013, S208577.
All statutory references are to the Family Code unless otherwise stated.
We granted father’s request to take judicial notice of the record in his prior writ proceeding (E.U. v. Superior Court (Aug. 25, 2011, G045667) [petn. den. by order]). Accordingly, some of the facts recited in this opinion are taken from that record.
Mother’s respondent’s brief lacks page citations to the record. Accordingly, we do not augment or vary our factual recitation in this opinion by including any of mother’s unsupported factual assertions. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(C) [Each brief must “[s]upport any reference to a matter in the record by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where the matter appears.”].)
According to father, mother previously served in the military.
The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. Appen. § 501 et seq.) “provide[s] for the temporary suspension of judicial. . . proceedings . . . that may adversely affect the civil rights of servicemembers during their military service.” (Id., § 502(2).) Under 50 United States Code Appendix section 521, in a child custody proceeding in which the defendant is in military service, the court must grant a stay of proceedings if “there may be a defense to the action and a defense cannot be presented without the presence of the defendant . . . .” (Id., § 521(a), (d)(1).) The documents submitted by father in August 2009 appear to meet the requirements for a stay of judicial proceedings. (Id., § 522(b)(2).)
This information, taken from the docket, does not reflect the identity of the challenged judge, nor does it shed light on why mother had the opportunity to challenge the assigned judge. We surmise the case was reassigned to a new judicial officer and removed from Judge Pollard’s case inventory.
Judge McCartin’s comment may have been made in jest, but humor is usually grounded in a modicum of truth. If so, steps should be taken to remedy this state of affairs. It should not take 12 months to conduct a review of the temporary custody order under section 3047, subdivision (b)(1) when a servicemember returns from a deployment.
The amendment, effective January 1, 2011, slightly revised the preexisting language and designated it as subdivision (a) and added new subdivisions (b) through (e).
In 2012, the Legislature again amended section 3047, effective January 1, 2013. We granted father’s request for judicial notice of the legislative history of the 2012 amendment to section 3047. The amended statute prohibits a court from ordering an Evidence Code section 730 evaluation as part of its review of a temporary custody order upon the deployed party’s return, “unless the party opposing reversion of the order makes a prima facie showing that reversion is not in the best interest of the child.” (§ 3047, subd. (b)(2), as amended by Stats. 2012, ch. 116, § 1.) Subdivision (h) of amended section 3047 states the Legislature’s intent “that family courts shall, to the extent feasible within existing resources and court practices, prioritize the calendaring of these cases, avoid unnecessary delay or continuances, and ensure that parties who serve in the military are not penalized for their service" by a delay in appropriate access to their children.” The legislative history of the 2012 amendment identifies, as examples, only two criteria affecting the child’s best interests that would weigh against reversion to predeployment custody: “[I]f a child was very young at the time of deployment, a court may allow the deployed parent’s custodial time to increase gradually over a period of time, to allow the child to adjust to the revised living arrangement. Alternatively, a returning parent may have mental or physical health issues that affect his or her parenting ability and require an adjustment of the prior custody order.” (Assem. Com. on Judiciary, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 1807 (2011-2012 Reg. Sess.) as amended Mar. 29, 2012, p. 3.) Father argues that the legislative history of the 2012 amendment establishes that it “clarified” the 2010 amendment of section 3047, and thus the recent amendment applies to this case. We disagree. Despite the presence of language in the legislative history stating the intent of the bill was to “clarify” the existing statute, the amendment plainly adds substantive provisions which are, on the one hand, consistent with a reasonable interpretation and application of the 2010 version of the statute, but which are not necessarily implied by the prior language.
At the February 2, 2012 hearing, father argued he was not responsible for even six months of the delay. He argued that upon his return from Afghanistan, he promptly tried to “get in front of a judge,” but the first judge was disqualified by mother’s counsel, the second was a commissioner to whom father did not consent, and finally on October 1, 2010, father appeared before Judge McCartin, who continued the matter. In January and February of 2011, father was deployed to Korea.
| CASELAW |
Talk:UK railway stations – C
Red or Black?
During the templatisation of stations A & C, I have been more ambitious: I have turned every station name into a ... link. This exercise added eight new blue links: North London Line plus Chadwell Heath and a nice long article on Chingford.
But it has created over 300 red links, many of which may never get filled.
Could I have a policy decision please:
* create red links as here or
* leave without links until articles get written?
NB. The dots are vital if you want me to remove the red links and the dots can be removed swiftly if the red links are to be kept. -- RHaworth 08:43, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)
* My vote is to keep the red links. Provided there is some chance of an article eventually appearing, I would always prefer to see a red link rather than no link at all. And as the number of extant station article shows, there is a good chance more will arrive. -- Chris j wood 00:58, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
* Keep - thanks --Tagishsimon (talk) 01:08, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
* Keep -- edd 09:35, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Why does A redirect to C
I'm mystified as to why stations beginning with A and C seem both to be in this article, with UK railway stations - A redirecting here. Yet B has its own page. I'm not sure if this is a mistake, or work in progress, or what. -- Chris j wood 00:58, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
* Ditto. I've contacted RHaworth and asked him look at the A / C issue. I guess it's WIP. --Tagishsimon (talk) | WIKI |
Page:The pink fairy book (IA pinkfairybooklan00lang).pdf/308
292 The girl went home in the evening, and when her mother saw her she was as vexed as she could be, and with good reason, too; but it was still worse when she saw the toads fall out of her mouth and heard her voice.
Now we must hear something about the stepson. He had gone out into the world to look about him, and took service in the king’s palace. About this time he got permission to go home and see his sister, and when he saw how lovely and beautiful she was, he was so pleased and delighted that when he came back to the king’s palace everyone there wanted to know what he was always so happy about. He told them that it was because he had such a lovely sister at home.
At last it came to the ears of the king what the brother said about his sister, and, besides that, the report of her beauty spread far and wide, so that the youth was summoned before the king, who asked him if everything was true that was told about the girl. He said it was quite true, for he had seen her beauty with his own eyes, and had heard with his own ears how sweetly she could sing and what a lovely voice she had.
The king then took a great desire for her, and ordered her brother to go home and bring her back with him, for he trusted no one better to accomplish that errand. He got a ship, and everything else that he required, and sailed home for his sister. As soon as the stepmother heard what his errand was she at once said to herself, ‘This will never come about if I can do anything to hinder it. She must not be allowed to come to such honour.’
She then got a dress made for her own daughter, like the finest robe for a queen, and she had a mask prepared and put upon her face, so that she looked quite pretty, and gave her strict orders not to take it off until the king had promised to wed her.
The brother now set sail with his two sisters, for the stepmother pretended that the ugly one wanted to see the other a bit on her way. But when they got out to sea, | WIKI |
What is Helicobacter Pylori?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacterium that infects the stomach. It weakens the protective coating of the stomach and first part of the small intestine, allowing digestive juices to irritate the sensitive lining. This can cause inflammation, chronic gastritis, and ulcers in the stomach or small intestine.
About two-thirds of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter Pylori, but most don’t know they have the bacterium.
What Causes Helicobacter Pylori?
While the exact cause of H. pylori infection is unknown, experts believe that the bacterium can be passed from person-to-person, or through contact with stool or vomit. It may also be ingested through contaminated foods or water.
It’s not clear how to prevent infection but practicing good hygiene can help protect you.
What are the Symptoms of Helicobacter Pylori?
Carriers of H. pylori are typically asymptomatic. However, if a patient has an ulcer or gastritis, they may experience abdominal pain, indigestion, bloating, mild nausea, belching and regurgitation, or feel very hungry one to three hours after eating.
Those with H. pylori infections may be more likely to develop cancer in the stomach, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.
What is the Treatment for Helicobacter Pylori?
H. pylori is treatable with antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and histamine H2 blockers. Once the bacteria are completely gone from the body, the chance of its return is low.
Have questions about helicobacter pylori?
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George Bechtel
George A. Bechtel (September 2, 1848 — possibly April 3, 1921) was an American right fielder and pitcher in professional baseball's early history. He played in all five seasons of baseball's first all-professional league, the National Association, and later played in the first season of baseball's first major league, the National League, when the Association folded. In 1876, he became the first player in Major League history to be suspended for life for intentionally losing games for money.
Career
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Bechtel began his professional career in 1871 for the Philadelphia Athletics, when they joined the new National Association. Bechtel had played for the Athletics in 1870, and stayed with the team during its transformation from the previous version of the National Association. He batted .351 that season while playing in 20 of the team's 28 games, as the Athletics won the season's championship. Bechtel had also played for a couple of other Philadelphia teams during his amateur career before 1870. He was formerly of the Philadelphias in 1867, and the Keystones in both 1868 and 1869.
The following season, he signed with the New York Mutuals, who had offered him a higher salary in 1872, and batted .302 and scored 64 runs in the team's 54-game schedule. After just one season in New York, Bechtel moved back to Philadelphia, playing the next two seasons for the Philadelphia White Stockings with mixed success at the plate, batting .244 in 1873 and .278 in 1874. When the 1875 season began, he again moved, this time to the Philadelphia Centennials, and was their pitcher in all 14 games that the club played.
On May 26, 1875, after a 2–12 start, Bechtel and fellow Centennial Bill Craver were sold to the Philadelphia Athletics for $1,500. This is the first known sale of ballplayers from one team to another in baseball history. It is theorized that sale was actually an enticement for the Centennials to fold, which they did.
Expulsion
Rumors surrounded Bechtel's play ever since the late 1860s, indicating that he was a very good fielder, one of the better fielders of the day, but his play at times became sloppy. Henry Chadwick once stated regarding his play: "At the commencement of the season, Bechtel's play in left field was equal to any player, but, as the season wore on, he grew careless, and from other causes unnecessary to mention, he played poorly."
On May 30, 1876, in a game against the Mutuals, he made three of the team's nine errors, all three in crucial game situations. After the game, he became a "much suspected man" by the press and his team alike, so the team suspended him for crooked play.
On June 10, Bechtel wired teammate Jim Devlin a message stating "We can make $500 if you lose the game today. Tell John (manager Jack Chapman) and let me know at once. BECHTEL." Devlin wired him back explaining that he was not that kind of player, and presented the telegram to the team's management. Louisville immediately suspended him from the team. Bechtel was picked up by the Mutuals and played in a couple of games for them before the end of the season. The National League followed the lead of the Grays and suspended Bechtel before the 1877 season, and despite attempts for re-instatement, he was denied. Devlin himself was also banned for life the following season when he and a couple of teammates were paid for losing games. According to Bill Lamb, a member of the Society for American Baseball Research, Bechtel had a stroke on April 1, 1921, and two days later, he died at St. Mary's Hospital in Philadelphia on April 3, 1921. | WIKI |
Diabetes and the Hand
Diabetes increases the incidence of many common hand conditions. This page outlines the effects of diabetes on the hand, and the outcomes following surgery for these conditions.
Why does diabetes affect the hand?
All soft tissues in the body contain collagen. Collagen is a molecule made up of 3 strands of protein which are bundled into fibres. Collagen is the ‘binding’ protein – or the protein responsible for binding the body together.
In diabetes, excess sugar in the cells bonds with the collagen molecules, and produces links between the collagen molecules that should not be there. The basic structure of the collagen is very slightly altered. The collagen becomes stiffer in comparison to how it would be without these cross links and then behaves differently as a result.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition where the median nerve is compressed as it runs though the carpal tunnel at the wrist. It is very common and surgery to release the carpal tunnel is one of the most common operations performed in the NHS. You can read more about carpal tunnel syndrome here.
How does diabetes affect carpal tunnel syndrome?
Hand function in patients with diabetes presenting with carpal tunnel syndrome is usually not quite as good as in patients without diabetes. At 1 year following surgery to decompress the carpal tunnel, hand function has improved significantly in both patients with diabetes and those patients without; with similar improvement in both groups. The starting point, however, is worse and therefore the end point is similarly worse compared to patients without diabetes. Satisfaction rates are similar in both groups, with 96% of patients reporting good or excellent outcomes at 1 year.
Trigger Finger
Trigger finger is a mechanical problem affecting the tendons as they run into the finger. This can cause a click, and sometimes finger can become stuck in a bent position. You can read about trigger finger here.
How does diabetes affect trigger finger?
Patients with trigger finger who have diabetes are more likely to have multiple trigger digits than those without diabetes. In addition, resolution of the trigger following a single steroid injection is less likely in patients with diabetes.
Functional improvement following surgery for a trigger finger is the same in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes, although the starting function and final function scores are generally poorer in those patients with diabetes.
Dupuytren’s Disease
Dupuytren’s disease is a condition in which scar tissue forms in the specialised fascia of the hand, and which eventually produces contracture of the fingers. You can read more about Dupuytren’s disease here.
How does diabetes affect Dupuytren’s disease?
Since Dupuytren’s disease has a strong genetic component, patients with diabetes but without the genetic predisposition remain unlikely to get this condition. However, the genetics are complex and not yet fully understood.
Surgery for this condition is tricky and involves dissection of nerves and tiny blood vessels in the fingers. Any pre-exisiting vascular disease is likely therefore to be aggravated by this type of surgery, and surgeons tend to recommend against dermofasciectomy in patients who have poor control of their diabetes because of this.
The outcome of surgery for Dupuytren’s disease is notoriously difficult to measure, but the satisfaction rates following surgery are the same in both patients with diabetes and those without.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes caused by damage to the nerve cells, particularly the smaller nerves. This can cause pain, but more commonly numbness in the hands. The symptoms of neuropathy are similar to the symptoms from carpal tunnel syndrome, but clinical examination will usually distinguish between reversible compression and irreversible nerve damage. This can be confirmed with a nerve conduction study.
The mechanism by which the nerve cells are damages is complex and multifactorial. Higher levels of tissue sugar alters the ‘soup’ in which the nerve cells are bathed, and causes damage to the specialist myelin sheath cells, which insulate the nerve and allow the electrical signals to pass down the nerve smoothly.
As this sheath is damaged, the nerve becomes ‘demyelinated’ and stops working effectively. The smaller nerves are affected first in diabetes, and this means that nerves in the fingertips (and toes) are usually the first to give problems.
Whereas a nerve compression such as carpal tunnel syndrome gives rise to symptoms in the distribution of a particular nerve, diabetic peripheral neuropathy classically what is known as a ‘glove and stocking‘ distribution.
Diabetic neuropathy does not respond to surgery, and the best management is tight sugar control in order to avoid any deterioration once the diagnosis is made.
Raynaud’s Disease
This is a manifestation of the ‘microvascular’ disease seen in patients with diabetes. It affects the very smallest blood vessels, particularly in the fingertips (and toes). It is characterised by the fingers becoming white intermittently, with poor capillary return – this is a measure of the time it takes for the fingertip to become pink after it is blanched with pressure.
The presence of this condition can adversely affect the recovery from surgery in the hand, particularly Dupuytren’s surgery. It is also markedly exacerbated by smoking, which is an independent common cause of this disease too, so smoking and diabetes are not a good combination. Actually, smoking has no proven benefits – just risks!
Diabetic Cheiroarthropathy
Diabetic cheiroarthropathy translates roughly as ‘stiff joints‘, and this is exactly what happens! It is again related to structural changes in the collagen of the soft tissues, and is more common in longstanding diabetes. In its early stages, many patients do not notice the loss of full extension and inability to bring the hands together in a prayer posture. As is develops, the flexion contractures of the small joints prevent the hands from opening fully, and eventually the process also affects the ability to bring the hands into a fist.
It is difficult to alter the natural history of this complication of diabetes. Tight sugar control may slow the process, and hand therapy is often useful to maintain movement and try to regain lost movement. There is no place for surgical management with this condition.
© Fife Hand Service 2020
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American Oceans
Difference Between a Dolphin and Shark
What’s the Difference Between a Dolphin and Shark?
Dolphins and sharks are pretty similar looking sea creatures. From the surface of the water, you may even have a hard time determining which is which.
So what’s the difference between a dolphin and a shark? And how can you tell them apart?
Keep reading to learn more!
Similarities and Differences
Dolphin Blowhole
Though their similar color and shape may confuse you upon first glance, there are many characteristics you can use to help distinguish a dolphin from a shark.
First and foremost, one of the biggest differences between these animals is that they are different kinds of animals.
Specifically, sharks are fish, meaning they have gills, breathe underwater and are cold-blooded. On the other hand, dolphins are mammals, much like humans, meaning they breathe air, are warm-blooded, and nurse their offspring.
You may know that another defining characteristic of mammals is their ability to give birth to live young. However, interestingly, most sharks give birth to their young as well.
Although, this does not mean that they are mammals, seeing as they lack the other necessary characteristics to match this description.
Another difference between these two animals is their behavioral traits. Dolphins are very social animals and travel, live, and hunt in pods. Additionally, they are quite vocal and use sound to communicate and navigate.
Contrastingly, sharks are not very social and are typically alone. On top of this, they are not capable of making noise in the same way dolphins do.
Lastly, there are a few physical differences between dolphins and sharks. Perhaps the most well-known difference is that sharks have gills, as mentioned above, while dolphins have blowholes.
Both of these features allow the animals to breathe, however, they look quite different and are located on different parts of the body.
Specifically, gills are located on the side of the shark’s body, near the head, while blowholes are located on the top of the dolphin’s head.
Additionally, the tail fins of these animals are different. Sharks have vertical tail fins, which move side-to-side, while dolphins have horizontal fins, which move up and down.
Now that we’ve addressed the differences between these animals, let’s talk about a few similarities.
Of course, sharks and dolphins are both greyish in color. However, other physical similarities they have include a lighter underside, dorsal fins (located on the back), and pectoral fins (located on their sides).
Also, as mentioned above, both dolphins and (most) sharks give birth to live young.
Sharks and dolphins also have similar lifespans, usually living about 20-30 years. However, some species of dolphins can live to be up to 40 or older!
How to Tell Dolphins and Sharks Apart
Dorsal fins peak out of water
Though there are many differences we’ve covered, you may be wondering how you can tell dolphins and sharks apart quickly
Despite both sea creatures having dorsal fins, it is possible to distinguish between them if you see a fin above the surface of the water.
Specifically, the dorsal fins of dolphins are sharp at the tip and arc backwards. On the other hand, the dorsal fins on sharks angle backward slightly and stand up straight in the back.
Similarly, though both animals have pectoral fins, it is possible for sharks to have as many as four. In other words, sharks may have a second fin on the side of their bodies.
Lastly, as mentioned previously, sharks and dolphins swim differently. Watching the way the animal swims can help you identify which one it is.
If the tail of the animal seems to be moving up and down, it is likely a dolphin. However, if it is moving back and forth, it is probably a shark.
Final Thoughts
Overall, it is clear to see how different sharks and dolphins are from each other. However, it is understandable why they may be confused from time to time.
So, the next time you see a grey fin peak out of the water, don’t panic, use your marine animal knowledge to identify if it belongs to a dolphin or a shark!
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Increment and decrement operators
Increment and decrement operators are unary operators that increase or decrease their operand by one.
They are commonly found in imperative programming languages. C-like languages feature two versions (pre- and post-) of each operator with slightly different semantics.
In languages syntactically derived from B (including C and its various derivatives), the increment operator is written as and the decrement operator is written as. Several other languages use inc(x) and dec(x) functions.
The increment operator increases, and the decrement operator decreases, the value of its operand by 1. The operand must have an arithmetic or pointer data type, and must refer to a modifiable data object. Pointers values are increased (or decreased) by an amount that makes them point to the next (or previous) element adjacent in memory.
In languages that support both versions of the operators: In languages where increment/decrement is not an expression (e.g., Go), only one version is needed (in the case of Go, post operators only).
* The pre-increment and pre-decrement operators increment (or decrement) their operand by 1, and the value of the expression is the resulting incremented (or decremented) value.
* The post-increment and post-decrement operators increase (or decrease) the value of their operand by 1, but the value of the expression is the operand's value prior to the increment (or decrement) operation.
Since the increment/decrement operator modifies its operand, use of such an operand more than once within the same expression can produce undefined results. For example, in expressions such as, it is not clear in what sequence the subtraction and increment operations should be performed. Such expressions generally invoke undefined behavior, and should be avoided.
In languages with typed pointers like C, the increment operator steps the pointer to the next item of that type -- increasing the value of the pointer by the size of that type. When a pointer (of the right type) points to any item in an array, incrementing (or decrementing) makes the pointer point to the "next" (or "previous") item of that array. Thus, incrementing a pointer to an integer makes it point to the next integer (typically increasing the pointer value by 4); incrementing a pointer to a structure of size 106 bytes makes it point to the next structure by increasing the pointer value by 106.
Examples
The following C code fragment illustrates the difference between the pre and post increment and decrement operators:
In languages lacking these operators, equivalent results require an extra line of code:
The post-increment operator is commonly used with array subscripts. For example:
The post-increment operator is also commonly used with pointers:
These examples also work in other C-like languages, such as C++, Java, and C#.
* Increment operator can be demonstrated by an example:
* Output:
Supporting languages
The following list, though not complete or all-inclusive, lists some of the major programming languages that support the increment and decrement operators.
* AWK
* Bash
* C
* C++
* C#
* CFML
* D
* Go
* Java
* JavaScript
* Objective-C
* GNU Octave
* PARI/GP
* Perl
* PHP
* PowerShell
* Vala
* Vex, a scripting language in Houdini
* Wolfram Language
Apple's Swift once supported these operators, but they have been depreciated since version 2.2 and removed as of version 3.0.
Pascal, Delphi, Modula-2, and Oberon uses functions ( and ) instead of operators.
Notably Python and Rust do not support these operators.
History
The concept was introduced in the B programming language circa 1969 by Ken Thompson.
"Thompson went a step further by inventing the ++ and -- operators, which increment or decrement; their prefix or postfix position determines whether the alteration occurs before or after noting the value of the operand. They were not in the earliest versions of B, but appeared along the way. People often guess that they were created to use the auto-increment and auto-decrement address modes provided by the DEC PDP-11 on which C and Unix first became popular. This is historically impossible, since there was no PDP-11 when B was developed. The PDP-7, however, did have a few 'auto-increment' memory cells, with the property that an indirect memory reference through them incremented the cell. This feature probably suggested such operators to Thompson; the generalization to make them both prefix and postfix was his own. Indeed, the auto-increment cells were not used directly in implementation of the operators, and a stronger motivation for the innovation was probably his observation that the translation of ++x was smaller than that of x=x+1." | WIKI |
Ascertaining the biochemical function of an essential pectin methylesterase in the gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Cheng-Jie Duan, Arnaud Baslé, Marcelo Visona Liberato, Joseph Gray, Sergey A. Nepogodiev, Robert A. Field, Nathalie Juge, Didier Ndeh
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
6 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Pectins are a major dietary nutrient source for the human gut microbiota. The prominent gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was recently shown to encode the founding member (BT1017) of a new family of pectin methylesterases essential for the metabolism of the complex pectin rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). However, biochemical and structural knowledge of this family is lacking. Here, we showed that BT1017 is critical for the metabolism of an RG-II–derived oligosaccharide DBT1017oligoB generated by a BT1017 deletion mutant (DBT1017) during growth on carbohydrate extract from apple juice. Structural analyses of DBT1017oligoB using a combination of enzymatic, mass spectrometric, and NMR approaches revealed that it is a bimethylated nonaoligosaccharide (GlcA-b1,4-(2-O-Me-Xyl-a1,3)-Fuca1,4-(GalA-b1,3)-Rha-a1,3-Api-b1,2-(Araf-a1,3)-(GalA-a1,4)GalA) containing components of the RG-II backbone and its side chains. We showed that the catalytic module of BT1017 adopts an a/b-hydrolase fold, consisting of a central twisted 10-stranded b-sheet sandwiched by several a-helices. This constitutes a new fold for pectin methylesterases, which are predominantly right-handed b-helical proteins. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the family is dominated by sequences from prominent genera of the human gut microbiota, including Bacteroides and Prevotella. Our re-sults not only highlight the critical role played by this family of enzymes in pectin metabolism but also provide new insights into the molecular basis of the adaptation of B. thetaiotaomicron to the human gut.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)18625-18637
Number of pages13
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume295
Issue number52
Early online date23 Oct 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Dec 2020
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User:2NumForIce/Tools/MentorQuestions/doc
A tool for introducing the newcomer homepage and how to ask the mentor questions. | WIKI |
River Crane
River Crane may refer to several places:
* River Crane, London, a tributary of the River Thames, London, England
* River Crane, Dorset, a river in Dorset, England | WIKI |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or mineralocorticoid receptor blockade do not affect prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Source:
Critical care medicine (2012)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:: This study tested the hypothesis that interruption of the renin-angiotensin system with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist will decrease the prevalence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. DESIGN:: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. SETTING:: University-affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS:: Four hundred forty-five adult patients in normal sinus rhythm undergoing elective cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS:: One week to 4 days prior to surgery, patients were randomized to treatment with placebo, ramipril (2.5 mg the first 3 days followed by 5 mg/day, with the dose reduced to 2.5 mg/day on the first postoperative day only), or spironolactone (25 mg/day). MEASUREMENTS:: The primary endpoint was the occurrence of electrocardiographically confirmed postoperative atrial fibrillation. Secondary endpoints included acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, the prevalence of hypotension, length of hospital stay, stroke, and death. MAIN RESULTS:: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 27.2% in the placebo group, 27.8% in the ramipril group, and 25.9% in the spironolactone group (p = .95). Patients in the ramipril (0.7%) or spironolactone (0.7%) group were less likely to develop acute renal failure than those randomized to placebo (5.4%, p = .006). Patients in the placebo group tended to be hospitalized longer than those in the ramipril or spironolactone group (6.8 ± 8.2 days vs. 5.7 ± 3.2 days and 5.8 ± 3.4 days, respectively, p = .08 for the comparison of placebo vs. the active treatment groups using log-rank test). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the spironolactone group were extubated sooner after surgery (576.4 ± 761.5 mins vs. 1091.3 ± 3067.3 mins, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS:: Neither angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition nor mineralocorticoid receptor blockade decreased the primary outcome of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was associated with decreased acute renal failure. Spironolactone use was also associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Python Network Programming - Static Web Server Multitasking Edition
Static Web Server Multitasking Edition Introduction:
Static Web Server Multitasking Edition.Using multithreading, the web server can handle the access of multiple users at the same time. When the connection between the client and the server is successfully established , a child thread is created, and the child thread is used to process the client's request to prevent the main thread from blocking. Set the created child thread to be the daemon main thread to prevent the main thread from being unable to exit.
Static Web Server Multitasking Edition Overview
Static Web Server Multitasking.Using multithreading, the web server can handle multiple users' access at the same time. When the connection between the client and the server is successfully established , a child thread is created, and the child thread is used to process the client's request to prevent the main thread from blocking. Set the created child thread to be the daemon main thread to prevent the main thread from being unable to exit.
Implementation steps
1. Import the threading module
import threading
2. Set the port number multiplexing, the program exits the port and releases it immediately
tcp_server_ socket . setsockopt ( socket . SOL_SOCKET , socket . SO_REUSEADDR , True )
3. When the client and the server establish a connection process, create a child thread
Set the name of the target and pass in the new_socket parameter as a tuple
sub_thread = threading . Thread ( target = handle_client_request , args = ( new_socket ,))
4. Set up the daemon master process
sub_thread.setDaemon ( True ) _ _ _
5. Start the child thread
sub_thread.start ( ) _ _
Code
import socket
import threading
# handle client requests
def handle_client_request ( new_socket ):
# The code is executed here, indicating that the connection is successfully established
recv_client_data = new_socket.recv ( 4096 ) _ _ _
if len ( recv_client_data ) == 0 :
print ( "close the browser" )
new_socket.close ( ) _ _
return
# decode binary data
recv_client_content = recv_client_data.decode ( " utf - 8" )
print ( recv_client_content )
# Split according to the specified string, the maximum number of splits is specified as 2
request_list = recv_client_content.split ( " " , maxsplit = 2 ) _ _
# Get the request resource path
request_path = request_list [ 1 ] _
print ( request_path )
# Determine whether the request is the root directory, if the condition is true, specify the home page data to return
if request_path == "/" :
request_path = "/index.html"
try :
# Dynamically open the specified file
with open ( "static" + request_path , " rb " ) as file :
# read file data
file_data = file.read ( ) _
except Exception as e :
# The requested resource does not exist, return 404 data
# response line
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found "
# response header
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 "
with open("static/error.html", "rb") as file:
file_data = file.read()
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# Concatenate the response message
response_data = ( response_line + response_header + " " ) .encode ( "utf-8" ) + response_body
# send data
new_socket.send ( response_data ) _ _ _
else :
# response line
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK "
# response header
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 "
# response body
response_body = file_data
# Concatenate the response message
response_data = ( response_line + response_header + " " ) .encode ( "utf-8" ) + response_body
# send data
new_socket.send ( response_data ) _ _ _
finally :
# Close the socket between the service and the client
new_socket.close ( ) _ _
# Program entry function
def main ( ):
# create tcp server socket
tcp_server_socket = socket.socket ( socket.AF_INET , socket.SOCK_STREAM ) _ _ _ _ _ _
# Set the port number multiplexing, the program exits the port and releases it immediately
tcp_server_ socket . setsockopt ( socket . SOL_SOCKET , socket . SO_REUSEADDR , True )
# bind port number
tcp_server_socket.bind ( ( " " , 9000 ) )
# set monitor
tcp_server_socket.listen ( 128 ) _ _ _
while True :
# Waiting to accept the connection request from the client
new_socket , ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept ( ) _ _
print ( ip_port )
# When the client and the server establish a connection process, create a child thread
sub_thread = threading . Thread ( target = handle_client_request , args = ( new_socket ,))
# Set the daemon main thread
sub_thread.setDaemon ( True ) _ _ _
# Start the child thread to execute the corresponding task
sub_thread.start ( ) _ _
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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Mid-Day Update: Spanish Yields Top 7%, Markets Sink on Fears
Markets were down across the board on Monday after Spanish 10-year debt yields soared past 7%, to what many view as unsustainable levels. EU finance ministers met, reportedly to discuss Spain's eligibility for leeway in meeting deficit targets in exchange for more savings measures. Italy's 10-year bond is over 6%. European markets and U.S. markets alike took a hit on the news.
European Central Bank chief Mario Draghi told a European Parliament committee that Euro-zone leaders must look towards deeper integration, as worries over slowing growth and sales in China pushed many mining and energy stocks lower, as well as certain luxury brands.
The decline was relatively even in the domestic markets, with two stocks falling for every one that increased Monday morning, and certainly unwelcome coming as it did after last week when constriction in manufacturing activity and weak jobs reports pushed the markets lower. There were some increases seen in commodities as the markets took a bearish turn.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average was down around 70 (-0.5%) at 12,705.
The S&P 500 was down half a dozen points (0.45%) at around 1,348.
The NASDAQ Composite was down (-0.4%) at 2,925.
In Europe, the FTSE 100 index was down 35 (-0.6%) to 5,625. The DAX was down 0.2% to 6,395 and the CAC 40 was at 3,158, down 0.35%. The DOW Global was at around 1800 (-0.75%).
Crude oil prices were at $85.46 a barrel. Natural gas was up 8.8 cents to $2.874 per 1 million BTU. Gold was up 8.5 to $1,587.40 an ounce, while silver was up 0.44 to $27.330 an ounce. Copper was up 0.02 to $3.43 a pound.
Among energy ETFs, the United States Oil Fund ( USO ) was up more than 2% with the United States Natural Gas ( UNG ) fund up 3.5%. Among precious-metal funds, the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (GMI) was down 1.1% and hit new year lows while SPDR Gold Shares ( GLD ) were up 0.3% to around $154.20. The iShares Silver Trust ( SLV ) was up 1.3% to $26.63.
Here's where the markets stand at mid-day:
NYSE Composite Index down 0.5% to 7,715.70
Dow Jones Industrial Index down 0.5% (-65.28) to 12,707.19
S&P 500 down 0.43% (-5.80) to 1,348.88
Nasdaq Composite Index down 0.4% (-12.44) to 2,924.88
GLOBAL SENTIMENT
Nikkei 225 down 1.37% (-123.87) to 8,896.88
Hang Seng Index down 1.88% (-372.55) to 19,428.09
Shanghai China Composite Index down 2.37% (-52.77) to 2,170.81
FTSE 100 is down 0.55% (-31.16) to 5,631.47
NYSE SECTOR INDICES
NYSE Energy Sector Index down 0.91% (-107.27) to 11,657.66
NYSE Financial Sector Index down 0.72% (-32.03) to 4,390.15
NYSE Healthcare Sector Index up 0.42% (+31.05) to 7,440.18
UPSIDE MOVERS
AGP (+38%, hit new year highs) WellPoint ( WLP ) acquired the company for $92.00 per share in cash, or approximately $4.9 billion.
MNTX (+10.8%) Reported that its consolidated order backlog as of June 30 was $149.6 million, an increase of 78.7% from December 31, 2011, and a 195% year-over-year increase.
MRGE (+4%) Upgraded by Craig-Hallum to Buy from Hold. The firm also established a price target of $4.50.
DOWNSIDE MOVERS
TROX (-13.9%) Australia's Iluka Resources' cut of its full-year sales guidance. According to Iluka, worsening global conditions were impacting demand for its titanium-dioxide minerals materials such as zircon and rutile. TROX also produces titanium-dioxide minerals.
BSDM (-13.9%) Sold a MicroThermX Microwave Ablation System to the University of Miami Hospital and Clinics (UMHC) to include the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University of Miami Hospital. The MicroThermX will be used in both centers.
RDN (-5.3%) Reported its data for primary mortgage insurance delinquencies for June 2012. The company's ending primary delinquent inventory was 98,450 loans, more than double the amount it wrote a year earlier. Primary new insurance written was $3.08 billion, more than the total it wrote in the whole second quarter last year.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2016 MTNewswires.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Kjerulf Glacier
Kjerulf Glacier, Kjerulfbreen, (-54.35°N, -36.85°W) is a glacier 7 nmi long flowing west from Mount Sugartop to the east side of Newark Bay, on the south coast of South Georgia. It was mapped by Olaf Holtedahl during his visit to South Georgia in 1927–28, and named by him for Norwegian geologist Theodor Kjerulf, Professor of Mineralogy at the University of Christiania. | WIKI |
Deadbolt (film)
Deadbolt is a 1992 made-for-television thriller film, by Douglas Jackson, and starring Justine Bateman, Adam Baldwin, and Michele Scarabelli.
Plot
When medical student Marty Hiller (Justine Bateman) places an ad for a roommate, her ad is answered by handsome, clean-cut Alec Danz (Adam Baldwin). At first Alec seems to be a wonderful roommate; supportive, considerate and a real friend. However, Alec's affection turns to obsession as he plots to manipulate and control all aspects of Marty's life, imprison her in her own apartment and make her his.
Cast
* Justine Bateman as Marty Hiller
* Adam Baldwin as Alec Danz
* Michele Scarabelli as Theresa Velez
* Cindy Pass as Diana
* Chris Mulkey as Jordan
* Colin Fox as Professor Rhodes
* Amy Fulco as Michelle
* Ellen David as Lani
* Griffith Brewer as Beason
* Mark Camacho as Phil
* Isabelle Truchon as Linda
* Anthony Sherwood as Detective Toren | WIKI |
Baghdad Residents Begin a Long Climb To an Ordered City
Baghdad shows tentative signs of its determination to begin long climb back toward order after five days of chaos; American troops' entry into city week ago set loose demons of popular revenge among people long repressed under Hussein and his ruling coterie; nightmarish lawlessness and violence abounded; now Iraqi volunteers are venturing out into what had been free-fire zones to recover bodies of dead and some bus service in city center has been revived; for first time in week, looters are outnumbered by taxis, buses carrying passengers rather than plunder, street stalls selling food and enough casual motorists and pedestrians to create distant facsimile of normal Sunday in Baghdad; clear manifestation of tightening American grip comes with appearance of first American military helicopters to venture over city center; American forces seek to convey message to would-be looters and hard-core remnants of Hussein's government that US is nearly unchallenged power in Baghdad, and that time is running out for those intent on score-settling over brutalities of Hussein or striking out against American forces that toppled him; photos (M) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template:WikiProject Skyscrapers/doc
Usage
Shorter one-line version:
Most of the variables take yes or no as values.
* attention: Yes will indicate that the article the template is placed on needs immediate attention.
* unref: Yes will display a message stating that the article lacks sufficient references or adequate inline citations.
* Imageneeded: Yes will announce the need for an image.
* needs-infobox: Yes will announce the need for an infobox.
The two variables that don't take yes or no values are class and importance. The class variable will take any of the values in the label column below:
Non-standard classes:
The importance variable will take the following values: top, high, mid, low and N/A. | WIKI |
Managing Stress in a Stressful World
On May 25, 2021
It’s not uncommon that you may have experienced more stress and anxiety over the past year with the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, you may have adapted some new techniques to help manage those elevated stress levels, and while some of those may have been healthy, it’s likely not all of them are. While some stress is a normal part of life, high levels of stress over long periods of time can be harmful to your health and may increase your risk of chronic diseases, including obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure.
Stress can be either short-term, like a deadline you need to meet, or long-term, like a challenging relationship or the feeling that you cannot keep up with your workload. Werner Enterprises’ Wellness Manager Ali J. provides some tips on how you can manage those stressful feelings, short and long term, by manipulating both our mind and body.
Short-Term Stress
If you are headed into an important meeting, in-person or over Zoom, or experience someone’s aggressive driving on your way to the grocery store, there are techniques that you can use to help you move on and lower stress levels immediately.
1. Just BreatheDid you know that taking five deep breaths can create powerful feelings of calmness? When you are using breathing techniques to manage stress, be sure to breathe in through your nose at a slow, steady pace and exhale using the same slow, steady pace. If needed, you can coach yourself by breathing in with a count of “1-2-3-4-5” and exhaling in the same way. To add a stress-relieving bonus, feel the air flowing through your entire body and then push the negativity out with your stress. The great part about this technique is it is silent and can be done anywhere.
2. Go Somewhere Else- Not literally, but the mind is a powerful tool, and sometimes simply envisioning “your happy place” is enough to get you out of the stressful moment that you are having.
3. Walk It Out- Though in most cases you shouldn’t walk away from your problems, taking a five-minute walk can provide a needed change of scenery and a few moments alone for you to focus on either breathing or finding your “happy place.”
Chronic or Long-Term Stress
Stress from work, relationships or daily stresses that go unmanaged can lead to chronic stress. Remember, chronic stress may be a factor in chronic diseases, so it is important to address chronic stress regularly and find effective techniques that promote positive behaviors.
1. Have an Attitude of Gratitude- Gratitude can help put things into perspective and remind you of the many different tools that we have to manage our stress. If you want to improve your gratitude, start with something, someone and yourself. Name something you are thankful for, someone that you are thankful for and something about yourself that you are grateful for.
2. Speak Kindly to Yourself- Though this one seems simple, during stressful times we tend to focus on the negative instead of focusing on the positive. Statements like “you got this” and “you are strong” are enough to overpower negative thoughts.
3. Manage Your Time- Creating a sense of accomplishment in daily tasks can help decrease chronic stress, boost your mood and allow you to maintain productivity. Keep in mind that it is essential to keep realistic timelines for task completion. If you only have one hour but have a task that will easily take two hours, allocate the right amount of time to that task, potentially by breaking it into more manageable tasks instead of trying to finish it all in one hour.
If you feel as though your stress levels cannot be managed through one or multiple techniques, you may want to talk to a licensed professional who can help create useful stress management techniques for you.
For more tips on health and wellness, reach out to your company’s wellness manager today! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How can I set up a Subversion post-commit checkout email?
You can configure your site to automatically check out the current sources from your repository by using Subversion's "hook scripts". In short, the script called 'post-commit' is executed by the web server each time new sources are checked into your repository.
Be advised that when the web server executes this script, it is running in the security context of the dhapache user. This user does not and should not (for security reasons) have the necessary permissions to modify the files in your web site's directory. As such, you must arrange for the post-commit script to run the update in the security context of a user with the privileges necessary to update your site.
Using post-commit.tmpl
1. Log into your server via SSH.
2. Navigate to the following file:
[server]$ cd $HOME/svn/<repository_name>/hooks/post-commit.tmpl
3. Open the post-commit.tmpl file in a text editor. The following contents are set by default:
#!/bin/sh
REPOS="$1"
REV="$2"
"$REPOS"/hooks/mailer.py commit "$REPOS" $REV "$REPOS"/mailer.conf
4. Change it to the following making sure to update the two email addresses to yours:
#!/bin/sh
REPOS="$1"
REV="$2"
/usr/share/subversion/hook-scripts/commit-email.pl --from svnaddress@example.com "$REPOS" "$REV" youremail@example.com
The --from section is crucial because the script will fail if it does not have a "from" address. Any email address will do. You can also change the second address to send to any email you like.
5. Save the file as post-commit (removing the 'tmpl' file extension).
When you save this as the new file name in your text editor, the permissions change from dhapache to your user, which is what you want. Confirm that the new post-commit file is now owned by your user before continuing.
6. As the new file should now be owned by your user (NOT dhapache), run the following command:
[server]$ chmod a+x post-commit
7. Try a commit with your svn repository. You should now receive a commit notification to your email address.
See also
Did this article answer your questions?
Article last updated PST.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:EB1911 - Volume 18.djvu/277
lawyer’s office, and promised to secure for him fame and independence, if he would devote his talents to the musical drama. In La Romanina’s house Metastasio became acquainted with the greatest composers of the day—with Porpora, from whom he took lessons in music; with Hasse, Pergolese, Scarlatti, Vinci, Leo, Durante, Marcello, all of whom were destined in the future to set his plays to melody. Here too he studied the art of singing, and learned to appreciate the style. of such men as Farinelli. Gifted himself with extraordinary facility in composition, and with a true poetic feeling, he found no difficulty in producing plays which, while beautiful in themselves, judged merely as works of literary art, became masterpieces as soon as their words were set to music, and rendered by the singers of the greatest school of vocal art the world has ever seen. Reading Metastasio in the study, it is impossible to do him justice. But the conventionality of all his plots, the absurdities of many of his situations, the violence he does to history in the persons of some leading characters, his “damnable iteration” of the theme of love in all its phases, are explained and justified by music.
Metastasio resided with La Romanina and her husband in Rome. The generous woman, moved by an affection half maternal half romantic, and by a true artist’s admiration for so rare a talent, adopted him more passionately even than Gravina had done. She took the whole Trapassi family—father, mother, brother, sisters—into her own house. She fostered the poet’s genius and pampered his caprices; Under her influence he wrote in rapid succession the Didone abbandonata, Catone in Utica, Ezio, Alessandro nell’ Indie, Semiramide riconosciuta, Siroe and Artaserse. These dramas were set to music by the chief composers of the day, and performed in the chief towns of Italy. But meanwhile La Romanina was growing older; she had ceased to sing in public; and the poet felt himself more and more dependent in an irksome sense upon her kindness. He gained 300 scudi (about £60) for each opera; this pay, though good, was precarious, and he longed for some fixed engagement. In September 1729 he received the offer of the post of court poet to the theatre at Vienna, with a stipend of 3000 florins. This he at once accepted. La Romanina unselfishly sped him. on his way to glory. She took the charge of his family in Rome, and he set off for Austria.,
In the early summer of 1730 Metastasio settled at Vienna in the house of a Spanish Neapolitan, Niccolò Martinez, where he resided until his death. This date marks a new period in his artistic activity. Between the years 1730 and 1740 his finest dramas, Adriano, Demetrio, Issipile, Demofoonte, Olimpiade, Clemenza di Tito, Achille in Sciro, Temistocle and Attilio Regolo, were produced for the imperial theatre. Some of them had to be composed for special occasions, with almost incredible rapidity—the Achille in eighteen days, the Ipermnestra in nine. Poet, composer, musical copyist and singer did their work together in frantic haste. Metastasio understood the technique of his peculiar art in its minutest details. The experience gained at Naples and Rome, quickened by the excitement of his new career at Vienna, enabled him almost instinctively, and as it were by inspiration, to hit the exact mark aimed at in the opera.
At Vienna Metastasio met with no marked social success. His plebeian birth excluded him from aristocratic circles. But, to make up in some measure for this comparative failure, he enjoyed the intimacy of a great lady, the Countess Althann, sister-in-law of his old patroness the Princess Belmonte Pignatelli. She had lost her husband, and had some while occupied the post of chief favourite to the emperor. Metastasio’s liaison with her became so close that it was even believed they had been privately married. The even tenor of his existence was broken in the year 1734 by the one dark and tragic incident of his biography. It appears that La Romanina had at last got tired of his absence. Could not Metastasio get her an engagement at the court theatre? The poet at this juncture revealed his own essential feebleness of character. To La Romanina he owed almost everything as a man and as an artist. But he was ashamed of her and tired of her. He vowed she should not come to Vienna, and wrote dissuading her from the projected visit. The tone of his letters alarmed and irritated her. It is probable that she set, out from Rome, but died suddenly upon the road. All we know is that she left him her fortune after her husband’s life interest in it had expired, and that Metastasio, overwhelmed with grief and remorse, immediately renounced the legacy. This disinterested act plunged the Bulgarelli-Metastasio household at Rome into confusion. La Romanina’s widower married again. Leopoldo Trapassi, and his father and sister, were thrown upon their own resources.
As time advanced the life which Metastasio led at Vienna, together with the climate, told upon his health and spirits. From about the year 1745 onward he wrote but little, though the cantatas which belong to this period, and the canzonet Ecco quel fiero istante, which he sent to his friend Farinelli, rank among the most popular of his productions. It was clear, as Vernon Lee has phrased it, that “what ailed him was mental and moral ennui.” In 1755 the Countess Althann died, and Metastasio was more than ever reduced to the society which gathered round him in the bourgeois house of the Martinez. He sank rapidly into the habits of old age; and, though his life was prolonged till the year 1782, very little can be said about it. On the 12th of April he died, bequeathing his whole fortune of some 130,000 florins to the five children of his friend Martinez. He had survived all his Italian relatives.
During the long period of forty years in which Metastasio overlived his originality and creative powers his fame went on increasing. In his library he counted as many as forty editions of his own works. They had been translated into French, English, German, Spanish, even into modern Greek. They had been set to music over and over again by every composer of distinction, each opera receiving this honour in turn from several of the most illustrious men of Europe. They had been sung by the best virtuosi in every capital, and there was not a literary academy of note which had not conferred on him the honour of membership. Strangers of distinction passing through Vienna made a point of paying their respects to the old poet at his lodgings in the Kohlmarkt Gasse. But his poetry was intended for a certain style of music—for the music of omnipotent vocalists, of thaumaturgical soprani. With the changes effected in the musical drama by Gluck and Mozart, with the development of orchestration and the rapid growth of the German manner, a new type of libretto came into request. Metastasio’s plays fell into, undeserved neglect, together with the music to which he had linked them. Farinelli, whom he styled “twin-brother,” was the true exponent of his poetry; and, with the abolition of the class of singers to which Farinelli belonged, Metastasio’s music suffered eclipse. It was indeed a just symbolic instinct which made the poet dub this unique soprano his twin-brother.
The musical drama for which Metastasio composed, and in working for which his genius found its proper sphere, has so wholly passed away that it is now difficult to assign his true place to the poet in Italian literary history. His inspiration was essentially emotional and lyrical. The chief dramatic situations are expressed by lyrics for two or three voices, embodying the several contending passions of the agents brought into conflict by the circumstances of the plot. The total result is not pure literature, but literature supremely fit for musical effect. Language in Metastasio’s hands is exquisitely pure and limpid. Of the Italian poets, he professed a special admiration for Tasso and for Marini. But he avoided the conceits of the latter, and was no master over the refined richness of the former’s diction. His own style reveals the improvisatore’s facility. Of the Latin poets he studied Ovid with the greatest pleasure, and from this predilection some of his own literary qualities may be derived. For sweetness of versification, for limpidity of diction, for delicacy of sentiment, for romantic situations exquisitely rendered in the simplest style, and for a certain delicate beauty of imagery sometimes soaring to ideal sublimity, he deserves to be appreciated so long as the Italian language lasts.
There are numerous editions of Metastasio’s works. That by Calsabigi (Paris, 1755, 9 vols. 8vo) published under his own superintendence, was the poet’s favourite. Another of Turin (1757) and a | WIKI |
ASF1B
Histone chaperone ASF1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASF1B gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The encoded protein is the substrate of the tousled-like kinase family of cell cycle-regulated kinases, and may play a key role in modulating the nucleosome structure of chromatin by ensuring a constant supply of histones at sites of nucleosome assembly.
Interactions
ASF1B has been shown to interact with TLK2, CHAF1B, TLK1 and CHAF1A. | WIKI |
Cholecystokinin-induced excitation in the substantia nigra: Evidence for peripheral and central components
D. W. Hommer, M. Palkovits, J. N. Crawley, S. M. Paul, L. R. Skirboll
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
71 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK), one of the most common brain peptides, coexists with dopamine (DA) in neurons of the medial substantia nigra (SN). CCK has been shown to excite these neurons following either direct iontophoretic or systemic administration suggesting that peripherally administered CCK may cross the blood brain barrier to act directly on nigral DA cells. However, biochemical evidence suggests that CCK does not cross the blood brain barrier, and several studies have shown that the behavioral and the satiety-inducing effects of peripherally administered CCK are abolished by vagotomy. In order to test for vagal mediation of the nigral response to systemically administered CCK, we examined the effects of a series of lesions to the vagal pathways on CCK- induced excitation in the SN. Neither acute thoracic nor chronic subdiaphragmatic vagotomies had any effect on the excitatory response of nigral DA neurons to systemically administered CCK. High cervical spinal cord transections were similarly without effect. In contrast, lesions of either vagal fibers in the medulla or of the efferent pathways from the nucleus tractus solitarii, the primary sensory nucleus of the vagus, produced significant attenuations of the nigral effects of systemically administered CCK. However, neither lesion blocked effects of CCK completely. We suggest that peripherally administered CCK has 2 components to its excitatory action in the SN; a component probably mediated through CCK receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii and a direct action on DA neurons.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1387-1392
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Neuroscience
Volume5
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1985
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Neuroscience(all)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Cholecystokinin-induced excitation in the substantia nigra: Evidence for peripheral and central components'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
We Buy All Cars, Running or Not!
Is The Dodge 318 A Good Engine?
Is The Dodge 318 A Good Engine
The Dodge 318 is an engine that has been used on various Plymouth and Dodge models throughout the years. To best determine “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” we need to know the background of the company, the critical acclaim of the engine, and the details of the Dodge 318.
Auto Repairs Are EXPENSIVE
When trying to determine if the Dodge 318 is a good engine, we first need to know the background info about how this engine came to be and the company that produced it. The Dodge 318 V8 engine was made by Chryser and produced from 1967 to 2002.
Chrysler Corporation
Chrysler is one of the Big Three car manufacturers in the United States that was first founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler. In the late 1980s, the company was acquired by Daimler-Benz, a German multinational automotive corporation from Stuttgart.
After DAimler merged with Chrysler in 2007, the company became Chrysler LLc and Chrysler Group LLC before combining with another multinational company, Fiat. After this merger in 2014, the company became Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.
Between 2007 and 2014, many changes happened within Chryslers company. In 2009, Chrysler became known as “new Chrysler”, reorganizing their brand and several products rebranding with quality and luxury. Their Ram, Jeep, Dodge, and SRT models were separated within the company to focus on their own identity. During this time the 318 engine rose to prominence within their Dodge models.
When asking “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” it is important to know that the 318 engien is not just limited to Dogs, but also other cars like the Plymouth and Chrysler cars along with the Dodge vehicles. This kind of engine was effective, efficient in terms of miles per gallon and fuel economy, and durable for a long-lasting and reliable product.
Plymouth Cars
Plymouth was a brand of automobiles produced by Chrysler, first launched in 1928 to create an affordable and low priced car by the luxurious Chrysler company. It became a huge seller for the car maker until the late 1990s, with the brand officially withdrawn from production in 2001.
To recognize “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” we need to know how the Plymouth models did on the market in terms of worldwide reception and critical acclaim. Regarding the Plymouth models, the Barracuda and Barracuda Gran Coupe in the 1970 and 1971 models both used the Dodge 318 engine.
The two variations of Barracuda had two six-cylinder engines available, as well as three different v8 engine options to choose from as the buyer. One of these options? You guessed it – the Dodge 318 engine.
Background of 318 Dodge Engine
Chrysler was known for its superiority and its prevalence over other corporations at the time due to the engine selections and the high-performance nature of its cars. Reigning supreme over huge multinational automakers like Ford and General Motors, Chrysler produced a wide variety of six cylinder and v8 engines to choose from.
The Slant-6 from Chrysler served as a base model for most of the affordable and lower-end models produced from Dodge and Plymouth in the early 1960s. In the mid 1960s, Chrysler introduced their new 273-inch v8 engine for their vehicles, manufactured to be a lightweight engine that produced an effective 235 horsepower.
273 Dodge engine
To determine “is the Dodge 318 a good engine”, you need to know if the engine that predated this choice was affordable, reliable, and effective. During the creation of the new and sporty Barracuda, this fresh-faced, modern, and fast car joined the existing Dodge Dart GT. complete with the 273-inch V8 small block engine, this car could quickly accelerate but was not very quick.
Chrysler engineers took this into account and decided the 273-inch engine needed a tweak to get a little bit faster and have more horsepower. The power increased to 235 horsepower at around 5,200RPM and 280 pounds per foot of torque at 2,8000 RPM. This high-performance option became the standard option in the new barracuda Formula S produced from 1965-1967 and in the Dodge Dart GT between 1965 and 1967.
The changes to this model included a new intake manifold, hot cam, dual-point distributor, and large-diameter single-exhaust system. All of these actions helped to answer the question of “is the dodge 318 a good engine.”
Along with the additional upgrades, the aesthetic and stylistic upgrades featured new black finish valve covers, vibrant ribs, and a chrome breather added to the Charger 273 on the Dodge Dart model.
Once these upgrades were completed on the 273 engine, Chrysler produced the 318 engine. These upgrades helped to answer the question of “is the dodge 318 a good engine.”
Creation of the 318 Dodge Engine
The 273 really set the mood and set the stage for the 318 engine, which was first introduced on the market back in the late 1960s. The Dodge 318 was formulated for smaller Dodge cars and Plymouths that were situated on 108 inch and 112 inch wheelbase. In addition, the 318 engine was later used for the full-size Chrysler models, spanning a wide range of Chrysler vehicles on the market.
The 318 engine first was used in the Dodge Dart, the Dodge Demon, the Plymouth Barracuda, the Scamp, and the Duster. Eventually, every single Dodge car model was equipped with the powerful and reliable Dodge 318 engine.
Dodge Dart
In order to understand “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” we must know the cars that utilized this engine and the performance qualities of this vehicle. The Dodge Dart was a line of cars that was made and marketed from 1959 to 1976 model years. First appearing on a show car that was later renamed the Dart Diablo, the production Dart became a midsize car in 1962 and switched back to the compact option from 1963 to 1976.
With the first generation produced for the 1960 model years, the Dart cars used the Plymouth platform with a 118 inch wheelbase. The model offered three trim levels for the market, offering the basic seneca, Pioneer, and the luxury option of the Phoenix.
The new Dart car came with the 225 cubic inch slant six engine, and with the optional 318 cubic inch v8 engine that fit with the two-barrel or four-barrel carburetors
Dodge Dart Demon
This kind of Dodge Dart was created in 1971, complete with optional hood scoops, blackout hood treatments, and performance qualities when compared to the traditional Dart. This Demon’s front fender wheel lips and rear wheel fender lips showed the minor styling changes and a unique style.
In the Demon Dart car, the 318 engine provided a reliable and durable engine for long-term use. This helped buyers answer the question of “is the Dodge 318 a good engine?”
Plymouth Scamp
The Plymouth Scamp was first produced in 1971 as the Valiant Scamp, using the Dart Swinger 2-door hardtop body shell with Valiant front metal and tail lamps used in the previous model year in the Dart. in 1972, this model experienced the best numbers in terms of sales, helping to answer the question of “is the Dodge 318 a good engine.”
Plymouth Duster
The Plymouth Duster was a semi-fastback two-door coupe that was the smaller version of the related Variant, produced from the 1970 to 1976 model years by Plymouth/Chrysler. In the 1970 model year, the inception of this type of vehicle, the 318 cubic inch engine was available as one of the v8 engine options
During the next model year in 1971, the Duster underwent a few different changes, like adding a new trim package called the Duster TWister. The Twister was similar in style to the Duster 340, but came with the 318 v8 engine as the base engine model. This reliability in the 318 engine shows that the company and the potential buyers thought that the answer was ‘yes’ to the question of ‘is the Dodge 318 a good engine.”
In 1973, all Duster 340 cars and some other Dodge 318 engine cars received a new 8.25” simplified axle assembly with the wheel bearings riding directly on the axle shaft.
Dodge 318 Details
In order to understand “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” you need to know the specifications and details of this engine. The Dodge 318 had a 3.91-inch bore and a 3.312-inch stroke.
• Bore & Stroke
In a piston engine, the cylinder bore is the diameter of each engine cylinder. The engine displacement is based on the bore and stroke length of the engine utilized. In addition, the stroke length is the phase of the engine’s cycle during which the piston travels from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the stroke ratio is determined by dividing the bore and the stroke, helping to determine the power of the engine speeds and torque at low engine speeds. The RPM of the engine at high speeds is the revolutions per minute and the rotational speed around an axis. The torque of the engine is the rotational equivalent of linear force that alters the turning effect of the car.
• Compression Ratio
Along With the bore and stroke ratio, the compression ratio of the dodge 318 engine was 9.1:1, and was reduced to 8.6:1 by 1972 to create a better fuel economy and miles per gallon. The 318 engine came complete with a two- barrel carburetor, producing a respectable 230 horsepower at 4400 RPM and 340 pounds per foot of torque.
• Critical Reception – Negatives
Although many people thought that the dodge 318 was a good engine, it still remains to be seen in terms of critical acclaim to determine “is the dodge 318 a good engine.” The Dodge 318 had numerous characteristics that could make this a high-performance and reliable engine – with just a few minor changes along the way.
Unfortunately, the dodge 340 was produced just under a year after the dodge 318 made its debut. The dodge 360 also came out just a year after the dodge 340 was produced, with the dodge 340 and 360 overshadowing the previous dodge 318. When potential buyers and consumers noticed the 340 and 360 taking over the market instead of hte 318, they questioned “is the dodge 318 a good engine.”
When comparing the 340 and 360 engines with the Dodge 318, these two provided more durability, higher reliability, a smaller size, and increased versatility to provide a higher-performing engine in a more efficient and smaller package. When the dodge 383 engines were later produced a few years down the line, it overshadowed the previous dodge 340 and 360 options as well.
• Critical Reception – Positives
Although some of the bigger cars on the Dodge lineup were equipped with bigger engines to provide more horsepower, the 318 did have a niche market that worked especially well for some specific cars. The Dodge Challenger and the third-generation Plymouth Barracuda featured larger V8 engines with a higher performance level – but smaller Dodge cars worked very well with the dodge 318.
The engine provided enough horsepower for many Dodge vehicles, but was not too difficult to use and maneuver for smaller frame vehicles. Similar to the smaller compact car models and mid-size vehicles, the Plymouth Valiant, Volare, and Aspen used the dodge 318 engine. This helps to answer the question of “is the dodge 318 a good engine”for me.
Although during this time period the Dodge 340, 360, and 383 V8 engine stole the show in terms of the general population. However, despite this recognition of the more powerful engines, the 318 proved to be Chrysler’s best selling V8 engine due to the careful fuel economy maintenance and impressive fuel economy.
Conclusion
When determining “is the Dodge 318 a good engine,” we have to look at the history of the Chrysler company, the background of the 318 engine, the cars that utilized the 318 engien, and the critical acclaim of this engine type. Noting the benefits, like the fuel economy and power-per-size ratio, the dodge 318 engine is a reliable and durable choice that was used in multiple Dodge cars of the time period.
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The Nauvoo Stake of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized in October 1839. For a time, the Saints treated the stake officers as the city government. Since the Church was instructed to function within the existing government, a committee was appointed to draft a bill for the incorporation of the City of Nauvoo which was sent to the Illinois State Legislature in October 1840. By 1841 the charter was effective. While the Mormons of Nauvoo relied on their Charter to defend the rights of Zion, many of their non-Mormon neighbors came to view it as an offensive barrier. The Nauvoo Charter demonstrates a meeting of the American notions of political and social experimentation and belief in the perfectibility of man with the equally American quality of eager opportunism and clannishness. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:Modern Library
Recent changes
Mention of the Modern Library rankings/ lists (except the reader's lists) has been removed for the reasons outlined here and also at User talk:Gamaliel (notably that it was mostly commercial, disapproved by voting board members themselves, and does not deserve more attention than other lists). The category will be retained however, and everyone is welcome to add the nearly 400 titles on the 4 lists to the category, without mentioning the publisher in the main body of the article. Thank you for your co-operation.
If editors want to convey a sense of the importance of the work or the writer, it is recommended that they insert comments by notable peers or critics, which is the more encyclopedia-like. Please remember that the ML list was made in retrospect and was not a contemporaneous award, which means that sufficient recognition already existed for the works before their selection.
* Why not eliminate mentions of the reader's lists too? It's just some web poll made even more ridiculious by mass voting by Scientologists and Randites. Gamaliel 02:50, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* I guess, but they occur on few pages and they are, after all "reader's lists" - so they clearly tell us more about the readers rather than the books, while the other list tries to do otherwise, IMO. -- Simonides 03:50, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Advertising
I'm tired of seeing the Modern Library's "100 Best Novels/ Non-fiction titles" mentioned on every article related to the list. The list was a marketing gimmick and is not an award or a critical evaluation - members of the board were themselves not aware of the ranking system and Random House themselves stated (sourced at article) that the list was partly meant to boost sales of their own stocklist (further it's ethnocentric and sexist and only lists novels in English): please stop mentioning it as if it were a literary standard - it isn't. If this doesn't sound annoying to you, consider mentioning a list of Best Films Of All Time drawn up by, say, Walt Disney corp., that mostly lists Walt Disney-funded films, admittedly ones that may have been popular all around the world, on every article related to the list and other film related articles as if it were an achievement - I think we can agree such lists are somewhat irrelevant. -- Simonides 22:32, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
* I've been working on the Modern Library categories. Perhaps it is merely a marketing gimmick, but it's the most famous and important marketing gimmick of its type, one that is frequently referred to. And I don't think it's anymore ethnocentric than, say, the Booker Prize. Gamaliel 06:33, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
* Actually the Booker has already addressed charges that is too narrow, see --[[User:Bodnotbod| b o d not b o d ......TALK Q uietly ) ]] 07:08, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
* Wow, Bodnotbod, you have a lot of code after your name.
* Gamaliel, I am the easiest person to convince that the Booker Prize has only incidental merit as a literary award. However, an award is what it is: it comes with clauses or a history of rigid formulaic nominations (ex. Oscars) or does not have pretensions of universal significance. The Modern Library ranking though, is an arbitrary, one-off list that does have such pretensions (while clearly failing to meet them), and yet proclaims itself a transparently commercial tactic. The voters themselves have expressed disappointment and confusion over the list. Random House isn't an institute or critical body after all, it's a business, and businesses restrict themselves to activities that ensure profit one way or another. Random House is welcome to creating and publicizing such lists, but I think we as encyclopedia editors should be cautious about slimming the line between a methodical and genuine if weak attempt to recognize achievement - ex. the AFI 100, Sight & Sound Poll, etc. - and what is essentially product placement. -- Simonides 08:04, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
* Are there problems with the list? No doubt. Is it a marketing gimmick? Yes, but so are the Oscars (Titanic? Please.) and the Grammys, and in their own way, the Modern Library lists are a more sincere and accurate way or recognizing genuine achievement. Have other people done it better? Sure. The AFI lists (which I have also been categorizing here) are perhaps one example, though I have plenty of problems with them too. But the core issue is: Is the list significant enough to mention on wikipedia? Given the attention and popularity of it, I say yes. The Modern Library covers the controversies and issues many people have had with these lists, as it should. Gamaliel 14:51, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
* Most of the awards mentioned are at least recognized internationally; the same cannot be said of the Modern Library - it may be well known in the US, and perhaps Canada, but not really in the UK, Australia and other places where their titles are not even that widely available. While the Oscars are a Hollywood promotion event, they are at least industry- or nation-wide; the Modern Library is a single publisher publicizing mostly its own list - akin to Criterion publishing a list of best movies based on its own backlist (a better example than the Walt Disney one above.) So I really don't think the list should be mentioned at all; but since you are keen to have it, let's adopt one of the suggestions mentioned on your user page. -- Simonides 06:17, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
I hear a lot of people blasting the ML list. But it's really quite a good one. I took it upon myself to read the whole thing and did, except for the Henry James and Finnegan's. Kim, the Moviegoer, To the Lighthouse, the Secret Agent I didn't like much. Dashiell Hammett I didn't like. USA I thought should be #1. People just make generalizations about the list, like: no Australians? (what Australian books should be on the list?). More women! (there ARE quite a few good ones up there, and its the VERY TOP weren't talking about.) Nobody should knock the list if they haven't read at least half of it, and I really doubt all these critics have. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:56, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
Opposition
It's a well-known list, and I looked it over again this afternoon and I think it's a pretty damn good list, all things considered. I'm gonna stick back the reference to it in the John O'Hara article, and I'll thank you to leave it alone. Hayford Peirce 04:46, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Of course it's a great list. So are the stocklists of the Penguin Classics, the Vintage Classics, the Harvill Press, Flamingo Classics, the Vintage International series, Quartet Books, the Oxford World's Classics, the Routledge Classics, the Eridanos Library, Harvest Books, the Everyman Library, and so on. The writers and the books in question, however, have enough merit not to need corporate backing; to imply otherwise is actually quite demeaning; and if we have to mention the Modern Library there's no reason why we should stop there and not name all the other great series - would you be willing to add it all? -- Simonides 05:22, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* By all means, replace them with references on more authoritative or more NPOV lists. They are there as objective evidence of a book's importance. If they can be improved--e.g. if a book as won a Pulitzer or a National Book Award there's no need to mention the Modern Library list as well--but they shouldn't just be removed. That's silly. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 14:01, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* It's not objective at all. Read Modern Library and the above. -- Simonides 18:28, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Modern Library's list is not objective. The determination of whether a book is on Modern Library's list is quite objective. See Npov:
* "What people believe is a matter of objective fact, and we can present that quite easily from the neutral point of view." -- Jimbo Wales, Wikipedia founder.
* Presence on the Modern Library list is objective evidence of the beliefs held by Modern Library's editors, who, I would maintain, are people knowledgeable about books.
* "it is important indeed how some artist or some work has been received by the general public or by prominent experts."
* Again, Modern Library editors are surely "experts"
* Before I begin, it should be pointed out that literature is not a competition - all lists that indicate otherwise should be avoided, and personal lists in my opinion pose no such threat. Now your objections - if you read the links in the article, you will see that books were picked from a pre-selected pool. Secondly, most of the members are likely voracious readers and some are famous writers, but I doubt any of them can be called "experts" in the way a biologist can be an expert - a literary expert is merely someone who has surveyed a vast body of literature and is familiar with the details, and has authoritative opinions on specific questions, but does not have any more say on the importance of specific works of literature than your average well-read person. S/he is very likely, in fact, to have opinions coloured by specific, even objectionable, cultural, political, etc. beliefs. For instance Bloom, that popularising self-important git, whose arguments are easily countered by contrary criticism. Finally, if the Modern Library editors are indeed so knowledgeable about books - speaking in terms of qualitative analysis, not quantitative, which any diligent fool is capable of - one wonders why they would even bother with such trivialities. The first thing a person interested in literature or in the arts knows is that any attempt at quantitative reduction is futile, misses the point of actually experiencing and thinking about a work, and is fun and whimsical at best, idiotic at worst. This list is so puerile in its estimation of literature it verges on the idiotic - in my opinion, of course. -- Simonides 04:14, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Stubborn Error
Here's an edit that needs to be made, and I don't know how to do it. In the list, under the "M" novels, it lists Modern Library. Whether or not this list is a vulgar marketing ploy or a useful reading list (probably a little of both), we can agree that Modern Library is not the name of one of the greatest novels of the 20th century. But when I click "Edit This Page," the list doesn't come up for me to make this simple deletion. Bds yahoo 04:51, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* I put it the Modern Library article in the category because I thought it was relevant to the category. If you think it's important to remove it, I'm not going to quibble, but that's my reasoning. Gamaliel 05:04, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Request for Vote
Proposal: "With regard to citation of the Modern Library lists in articles about books, for the purpose of indicating notability or worth, in cases where the editor agrees that the book actually is notable or worthy:
* The Modern Library's "Best" lists are not perfectly neutral, nor are other lists, nor are prizes and awards.
* Nevertheless, presence on such lists or reception of such prizes, while not proof of notability or worth, is evidence of notability or worth.
* Because of its association with a single commercial enterprise, the Modern Library lists present a unique problem which the National Book Awards, Pulitzer prizes, Booker prizes, Newbery and Caldecott medals, presence on New York Times bestseller lists, etc. do not.
* Therefore, as an indication of merit, citation of other lists or prizes, or use of other forms of evidence, is preferable.
* When appropriate, editors may replace citation of a Modern Library list with other evidence bearing on merit or notability.
* Editors should not simply remove such a citation, leaving nothing in its place, because citation of the Modern Library list is better than an unsubstantiated assertion of the book's merit. Such a citation should only be removed when the editor who is removing them can replace them with superior evidence.
Please indicate your vote below. Add comments as necessary. Add choices other than "Agree" or "Disagree" as necessary. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:23, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Agree
* 1) [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 22:24, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* 2) Hayford Peirce 23:11, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* 3) This seems like a reasonable compromise. Gamaliel 02:52, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* 4) Yes, this seems basically OK. I don't think anybody would claim that the ML list is vastly authoritative or prestigious. But it's a moderately interesting factoid and I don't think it hurts any article to include it. RivGuySC 04:47, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Disagree
* 1) I agree entirely with Simonides. Whether Ullysses has been recommended by some publisher's marketing department is not among the thousand most notable things about the novel. It's fine to have an article about the list, but it is not Wikipedia's job to do a publisher's marketing for them. Gdr 08:49, 2004 Aug 17 (UTC)
Further comments
Polls are not the best way to resolve disagreements, especially when there is still plenty of room for discussion. Like the lists, they suggest an issue is best reduced to black and white.
Now, I do not think the Modern Library lists belong at all in the articles, any more than the Norwegian Book Club's top 100 books of all time - a very broad list compiled by 100 writers from 54 countries which is far more inclusive and interesting, or Sybervision's list of 100 greatest (ie a list of its audio books on CD) or Queneau's Bibliothèque idéale, or the lists drawn up by others he requested, or the list of 100 books that influenced Henry Miller most, or Bernard Pivot's list (Pivot was a very famous TV host in France who read widely and presented a highly respected weekly/or so show for 28 years that discussed politics, literature and culture; he often had Solzhenitsyn, Woody Allen, and other famous personalities as guests) or the BBC Big Read or maybe Waterstone's list (Waterstone's is the biggest bookstore chain in the UK); but if you want to stick to "knowledgeable publishers", why stop with the Modern Library - how about The Franklin Library, which claimed to published the 100 Greatest Books Of All Time, or all the titles in the Great Books of the Western World series, a series suggested by a "philosopher"?
All of which ignores the main point. Which is that we can do without these lists, and we probably do more credit to literature and to writers as a whole, and also to the likes of Borges or Proust, who neither won Nobels nor appear on the Modern Library rankings, by discussing them on their own grounds rather than trivialising their works to some arbitrary signs of recognition. And some of the ML works are far less important than the thousands of great historical or non-Anglo works that don't have similar awards or lists to recommend them, and are not even known to the average English-speaking reader, because they are too difficult or not popular enough and don't appear in the usual bookstores - mostly works for which "unsubstantiated assertion" is indeed the best one can offer. If you are desperate for "evidence", quote specific peers - ex. Burgess said "Everyone knows Ulysses is the greatest novel...etc."; if you can't find any, wait till you do. Don't insert misleading material that smacks of parochialism, merely for the saking of adding something. No information is indeed better than unsatisfactory information. -- Simonides 05:10, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Replies
* I agree with many of your points, but I also think that many of those points are irrelevant. Most especially irrelevant is your contention that the list snubbed Proust and Borges, as the list is clearly a list of 20th century novels written in English. Gamaliel 05:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Maybe you misunderstood the points - especially the unstated but implied one about why one should favour 20th century English language writers at all, instead of (say) all the valuable 20th century Czech, Russian or Japanese literature out there (Biely's Petersburg prefigures, in many ways, Joyce's Ulysses to use only one example; I would gladly sacrifice several Bellows for one Kawabata, and so on.). -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* You could just as easly say the list snubbed Charles Dickens, Homer, or Mickey Mouse, as none of them fall within the scope of the list either. In the end, I personally think the lists are harmless fun which do nothing to trivalize literature and may prompt people to read things on the list, as it prompted me to recently read Tobacco Road. Gamaliel 05:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Great - that's why the (Americentric) category has been retained. We could do with more such categories though. -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* And certainly the ML list is more useful and accurate than those nonsensical reader polls which inevitably list Tolkien, Ayn Rand, and L. Ron Hubbard near the top. Gamaliel 05:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Actually, no. Both lists reflect the interests and background of the voters; the nature of a "reader's poll" itself suggests that a larger number of Americans are more likely to be sympathetic to the latter list than the former - meaning that in defining a canon one frequently chooses a minority consensus over a majority consensus for personal, not objective, reasons. -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* What is most relevant to our discussion here is our mission on Wikipedia, and whatever our opinion on lists of these types, it isn’t relevant to determining whether or not the lists deserve mentioning in particular articles.
* Really? Why choose the Modern Library list over the other, equally useful, lists I mentioned then - who exactly decides what deserves mention, publisher's advertisers? Our "mission" is to write as accurate and sensitive (ie NPOV) articles as possible; mention of the ML list sort of goes against that. -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* My personal judgement is that ideally, in a complete article of decent length, enough information about a novel’s or author’s critical reception and literary importance will be available to render mentioning the list irrelevant. Gamaliel 05:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Yes, but it should be the default case anyway. -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* However, I also feel that mentioning the list can provide a useful shorthand for stubs and shorter articles which lack that necessary information, which is why I replaced it in the Elizabeth Bowen stub. So that’s why I favor the compromise offered above. Gamaliel 05:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Let me paraphrase: believing the Earth is flat because it's the best I can establish from my available perspective and resources and sticking to the belief by citing my lack of resources is just not good enough; it's preferable to wait until I have more reliable information, even something I can't always test myself. Until that time it's also better not to spread what I believe is true. In this case, mention of peer criticism, or anything as specific, is still preferable - there are tons of stubs on Wikipedia, many about writers or books that are immensely important but which do not have the above publicity (see the embarrassing article on Gustave Flaubert), and there is no real reason to mention it when the ML category has been retained, which imo is an adequate compromise. -- Simonides 05:59, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Simonides, I agree that citing the Modern Library list is a) lazy and b) problematical, and that there should usually be better alternatives and that editors should try to find them.
Are you willing to agree that when a book actually is notable, and when an editor cites the Modern Library list as evidence of notability, that
* that's better than saying nothing in regard to the book being notable?
* that's better than using an true but unsubstantiated POV remark about the book's notability?
If so, removing such a citation without replacing it with something better makes the article worse, not better.
If you don't agree, are you at least willing to acknowledge that others do, and that among those editors who have bothered to respond to my request for voting, there is a rough working consensus? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 18:42, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* A resounding no to all three points. 1) & 2) As I explained above, saying nothing is better than saying something misleading. And are you really saying that when a major writer is "significant" enough to appear on the ML list, that you simply can't say anything about the writer without falling back on the list?
* No, I am not saying that. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 12:25, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Aren't you begging the question there? Wouldn't it improve the article not to just plug in some ranking but look up some critic's mention of the work?
* Of course it would. If you were replacing mentions that some book has appeared on some list with critical citations or quotations from contemporary reviews, I'd applaud. But that's not what you're doing. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 12:25, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Smith, I removed all the ML mentions at one stretch, rather mechanically, but it was tedious and took me well over an hour (you can check my contributions page.) That's why I didn't think to replace them, but I thought the main article contributors would simply plump in and add something else instead - of course that hasn't happened yet. Note however that I agreed to let Gamaliel keep mention of the list on the Bowen article because she is an important writer and the article doesn't sufficiently indicate that; but I am against systematically reverting the articles again, which is what my argument is about. Almost all my edit remarks referred editors to this page so hopefully they will read it and replace ML mention with something better. I can also modify the top announcement to request this. But simply re-inserting the ML phrases is, for all the reasons above, unsatisfactory. -- Simonides 18:24, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Systematic reversion or reinsertion of the old notices would be dumb. That's in my humble opinion. I certainly don't plan to do anything like that. For the record, I wasn't the anon who originally inserted the overly-long and overly-deferential notices. From what you say about the Elizabeth Bowen article, can I take it that you are not completely opposed to the selective mention of the Modern Library List in a few articles by specific authors? As for "plumping and adding something else instead," I sort of thought that's what I had done on the Jack London page when I inserted a mention of two different lists to replace the mention of the Modern Library list. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 22:29, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* And why do you keep evading the point I make above with reference to historical writers who have no such commercial promotion behind them? Ex. Vogelweide, Grimmelshausen, Chrétien de Troyes, etc etc all far more remarkable in the history of literature than some of the people mentioned above - or if you want to stick to the 20th century, writers like Antal Szerb or Bohumil Hrabal about whom there is very little info in English, but are much more important to their language & culture than some of the above writers. How does one convey a sense of proportion? Obviously, one falls back on generalisations. Even unsubstantiated ones. The bigger picture, as I said before, is that there can be no objective reductions of the worth of literature AND that literature is not a competition; but if you want to make it appear like one, you have to be able to justify all the contradictions I am pointing out, which of course no one can (unless you resort to reactionary comments.) 3) Wikipedia is not a democracy. If you're editing an article on a politician written by a group of supporters, you are likely to come up against majority consensus which has little regard for NPOV - going by consensus is clearly not a satisfactory process there.
* What I'm asking you to do is step out of your own shoes for a sec and think from the viewpoint of a non-American reading the site. They don't much care for or know about the Modern Library, their libraries don't advertise it to promote better literacy, their bookstores don't carry many of the ML imprints, they probably wouln't buy those often overpriced dinosaurs anyway (Helene Hanff - American writer - had something amusingly condescending to say about ML, and that was back in the 50s or so), and they might even be pissed to see such a skewed selection; and if they take an interest in the list they'll realise it's just another typical feel good marketing campaign, and snicker at the "encyclopedia editors" who fall for this stuff - so how does that "improve" the article, or the image of Wikipedia? -- Simonides 04:16, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Quite honestly, if I were reading an article about, say, Miles Franklin, and it happened to say that My Brilliant Career had been chosen by the marketing department of Angus and Robertson as one of the fifty greatest Australian novels of all time, it would mean something to me. Maybe I'd want the article to briefly Angus and Robertson as a commercial bookstore chain, though. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 22:48, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
Authors versus books
I entered this discussion by way of having references to the Modern Library list deleted from two pages about authors, namely Jack London and John O'Hara. Do I take it that the outcome of previous discussions was a general consensus that in articles about individual books, inclusion of the Modern Library 100 Best Novels category is generally acceptable to everyone, as a replacement for mentioning the list within the text of the article itself?
* Yes. -- Simonides 13:50, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)
lists
Is it just me, or does it seem like far too much of this article concerns itself with the lists? Modern Library is a publishing imprint, not a list. Most of the list material ought to go into its own article. john k 19:22, 9 December 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
The Secretary of Health for the State of Guanajuato, via CAISES San Miguel de Allende, offers the following information
The Secretary of Health for the State of Guanajuato, via CAISES San Miguel de Allende, offers the following information
“CORONAVIRUS”
What Is it?
It is member of an extensive family of viruses, several of which can be the cause of various human illnesses.
What does it cause
An illness that may be very serious or hardly noticeable at all.
How Is it transmitted?
Initially from animals to humans and then person to person, through coughing, sneezing, shaking hands, or through germs left on hard surfaces.
[1]
How is it cured?
Symptoms may be treated and alleviated, but there is no cure and a vaccination against coronavirus will take more than a year[2]
Symptoms
* Fever
* Cough
* Headache
* General malaise
* Difficulty breathing
* Sneezing
* Muscle pain
Things to know
Practice the following
Wash your hands frequently for at least 20 seconds[3]
Avoid shaking hands, hugging, or kissing[4]
When you sneeze, sneeze into your elbow or a tissue. If you have symptoms, do not self-medicate but go to the nearest medical center.[5]
To remain informed, go to the web page coronavirus.guanajuato.gob.mx | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lebanon at the Mediterranean Games
Lebanon has competed at every edition of the quadrennial Mediterranean Games event since the inaugural edition in 1951. As of 2018, Lebanese athletes have won a total of 75 medals. | WIKI |
Drought Shaming Pitting Neighbors Against Neighbors On Social Media | In the Greenroom - Fox & Friends | Fox News
Welcome, Neighbors are tattling on neighbors for wasting water and some are taking their drought shaming to social media.If you've ever had the feeling you're being watched while you water your lawn, there's a good chance you are during this historic drought.In Sacramento, water wasters can face fines, and the enforcer may be someone who lives right next door.Terrance Davis with the city department of utilities says he's seeing a trend of drought shaming.Our water use complaint calls have gone up exponentially from the last 2 years, he said.Karen Halbo lives in River Park. She says it's not about whose lawn is greener anymore, it's about whose lawn is browner.Frankly when your lawn looks as bad as mine does you sort of want to encourage others to stop watering concrete, she said.Down the street, Pam Ferko admits the pressure from her neighbors not to waste sometimes has her sneaking around.I think my husband has been guilty of coming out late at night and doing a little secretive watering underneath the trees, she said.Even the Capitol lawn is drought shaming by example, with signs reading If we can go brown, so can you.Some may find the drought shaming vindictive or sneaky, but the city says that competition is motivation, and it's working to reduce water waste. Click here for the full story Read More Advertisement This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 2016 FOX News Network, LLC. All rights reserved. All market data delayed 20 minutes. Privacy - Terms (Email address will not be shared on air) Thank you! Your message has been delivered. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Pompeo: Saudis didn't want to discuss 'any of the facts' in Khashoggi disappearance | TheHill
Secretary of State Mike PompeoMichael (Mike) Richard PompeoAfghan president vows to take revenge after Islamic State attack on wedding The Hill's Morning Report - Trump on defense over economic jitters Latest pro-democracy rally draws tens of thousands in Hong Kong MORE said Wednesday that Saudi officials did not want to discuss the facts of journalist Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance in their meetings with him. "I don’t want to talk about any of the facts," Pompeo said when asked if the Saudis told him if Khashoggi was dead or alive. "They didn’t want to either, in that they want to have the opportunity to complete this investigation in a thorough way." Instead, Pompeo said that they discussed the investigation and the two countries' "many overlapping interests" during meetings Tuesday. In his conversations with King Salman, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir, Pompeo said he "stressed the importance of them conducting a complete investigation into the disappearance of Jamal Khashoggi, and they made a commitment." "They said they would do that and they said it would be a thorough, complete, and transparent investigation," Pompeo said. "We’ll all see the results of that. They made a commitment that they would show the entire world the results of their investigation." He added that the Saudi officials said they would get the probe "done quickly," though he said he did not "know the precise timeline." Whatever comes of the investigation, Pompeo said that the Saudis "made a commitment ... to hold anyone connected to any wrongdoing that may be found accountable for that, whether they are a senior officer or official." "They made no exceptions to who they would hold accountable." Khashoggi, a U.S.-based Saudi journalist, went missing after entering the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on Oct. 2. Turkish officials have said the dissident writer was murdered and dismembered within the building, a claim Saudi officials have denied. The crown prince has denied having any knowledge of Khashoggi's fate. When asked whether he believed the Saudis' denials, Pompeo said, "I think that’s a reasonable thing to do to give them that opportunity, and then we’ll all get to judge, we’ll all get to evaluate the work that they do. "I’m waiting for the investigation to be completed." President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE has promised to "severely punish" Saudi officials if they are found to have been involved in Khashoggi's apparent death, but has been hesitant to assume that the crown prince is responsible for the journalist's fate. Pompeo will travel Wednesday to meet with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as the administration continues to search for the truth behind Khashoggi's disappearance. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 6.djvu/869
TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. S¤ss.III.Ch.135,136,137,138,I39. 1839. 769 S·n·rv·r¤ III. Cntr. CXXXV.-An Act for the relief of John and Samuel Rowe, heirs and legal March 3, 1839. representatives of Izudwick Rowe, tkccaacd. ———————- Bc it enacted, {Src., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to issue duplicate warrant number four hundred and four, for Duplicate land one hundred acres of land, issued the fourth of April, eighteen hundred wmnt to be and eight, in the names of John Rowe and Samuel Rowe, legal heirs ‘““°d· and representatives of Ludwick Rowe, who was a private in the Permsylvania line in the revolution; the original warrant having been lost. Approved, March 3, 1839. ·—······ Snrurs HI. Cr~r.u>. CXXXVI. —An Act for the relief of James Coqicr. March 3, 1839. Be it enacted, Qc., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to issue a duplicate warrant to James Cooper, for one hun- nupuem ma. dred acres of military bounty land, in lieu of land warrant number twelve may bounty thousand nine hundred and sixty-six, issued prior to the year one thou— {;“,”‘:::',"““' *° sand eight hundred, to the said James Cooper, a private of “Lee’s ° legion," and of the New Jersey quota of continental troops in the revolutionary army, and which said land warrant is alleged to have been lost. Approved, March 3, 1839. -—····· Sn·ro·r·x III. Cmrr. CXXXVII.—An Act for the relief of tltcrepcsenlatives of Henry Rickard- March 3, 1839. son, deceased. ""”‘*"""’ Be it enacted, dec., That the sum of two hundred and thirty-three dollars and eighty cents be, and the same is hereby, directed to be paid Payment for to the legal representatives of Henry Richardson, deceased, out of any W°8°° md P¤z° money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, being the proportion m°"°y° due to them for wages and prize money, in virtue of the act entitled "An act respecting the late officers and crew of the sloop of war WaSp," _ approved the twentieth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and A°g°f Agn},5 sixteen, and which money shall be paid and distributed according to MJ 16'°' the provisions of the said act. Approved, March 3, 1839. ... Srnums III. Cnr. CXXXVIII.-—An Act for the relij of Milky Yates. Munch 3. 1639- Be it enacted, &·c., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, required to cause to be located to Milley Yates, a Choctaw woman, wife Certain landto of Allen Yates, two sections of land, on any of the public lands within g°rl°°“‘°‘l *° the country acquired by the treaty concluded with the Choctaw Indians ° ' at Dancing Rabbit creek, on the twenty-seventh of September, eighteen hundred and thirty, not previously located to any Choctaw reserves, nor subject to any pre-emption claim, in one or more tracts, not less in any _ case than one quarter section: Provided, The said Milley Yates shall P'°“°°· release to the United States the two sections heretofore located in her name, by Colonel George W. Martin, and since disposed of at public sale at St. Stephens. _ Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That when such location shall Entrtlgd ¥%¤ have been made and confirmed, the said Milley Yates shall be entitled to ° ““ a grant for the same from the United States. Approved, March 3, 1839. —-—-—-— Snzrvrr. III. CHAP. CXXXIX. ——An .»1cl for the reliq` of Isaac Cbnly. March 3, 1839. Bc it enacted, dc, That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, To ,,8 Placed directed to place the name of Isaac Conly, of Tennegstée, upon the pen- on pension roll. 97 | WIKI |
Template:Did you know nominations/Sydney Eardley-Wilmot
The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 07:31, 24 November 2016 (UTC)
Sydney Eardley-Wilmot
* ... that Sydney Eardley-Wilmot was one of four brothers who were officers in the British military?
* Reviewed: Washington gubernatorial election, 1960
Created by Philafrenzy (talk). Self-nominated at 00:00, 11 November 2016 (UTC).
* Symbol question.svg Unsourced claim regarding his three brothers being in the military. Hook would be better placed in the lead? Jack1956 (talk) 21:33, 11 November 2016 (UTC)
* Added a ref and QPQ. Added a pic. Should be ready now. Just to be clear, he was the fifth son, four of whom were in the military but I thought that might be too complicated for the hook so went with the current wording. Open to alternative wordings. Philafrenzy (talk) 17:52, 21 November 2016 (UTC)
Issues have been addressed. Offline citation accepted in good faith. GTG. Jack1956 (talk) 21:19, 21 November 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
KINETICS OF THE DESULFURIZATION OF MOLTEN IRON
APIRUKSA SAELIM, University of Pennsylvania
Abstract
Experimental work has involved the fabrication of impervious slip-cast CaO crucibles, measurement of the rate of desulfurization of liquid iron by solid CaO and measurement of the rate of desulfurization of liquid iron by CaO-saturated liquid FeO at 1600(DEGREES)C. The rate of desulfurization by solid CaO is determined by diffusion of sulfur in the liquid iron. Above some minimum sulfur level, which is in the range 0.088 wt%S, the activity of FeS is high enough to form a liquid phase in the system CaO-Fe-S. With lower sulfur levels CaO does not cause any desulfurization of the liquid iron. When CaO-saturated liquid FeO is brought into contact with a liquid Fe-S alloy a rapid initial rate of desulfurization occurs due to surface tension-induced local convection at the slag/metal interface. After this initial period, the rate of desulfurization is determined by diffusion of sulfur in the metal. No change occurs in the oxygen content of the metal during desulfurization and hence the half cell reactions occurring in the electrochemical transfer process are {Fe} (--->) (Fe('2+)) + 2e('-) and {S} + 2e('-) (--->) (S('2-)). The sulfur content of liquid iron in equilibrium with CaO-saturated liquid FeO at 1600(DEGREES)C is 0.012wt% and the equilibrium distribution ratio, (wt%S)/{wt%S}, is 5.8. The addition of 4wt% CaF(,2) to the CaO-saturated slag has no effect on the kinetics of the desulfurization reaction. ^
Subject Area
Engineering, Metallurgy
Recommended Citation
APIRUKSA SAELIM, "KINETICS OF THE DESULFURIZATION OF MOLTEN IRON" (January 1, 1981). Dissertations available from ProQuest. Paper AAI8127068.
http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8127068
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Write prettier Laravel Dusk tests by abusing a PHPUnit data provider
May 14, 2020
Dusk tests, just like your application code, deserve to look their best. Unfortunately, typical Dusk tests can be quite unsightly. Consider this example from the documentation:
public function test_login_as_user()
{
$user = factory(User::class)->create();
$this->browse(function (Browser $browser) use ($user) {
$browser->visit('/login')
->type('email', $user->email)
->type('password', 'password')
->press('Login')
->assertPathIs('/home');
});
}
You have to call $this->browse() with a closure to get a browser. The closure adds an extra level of indentation to your code. Any variables defined outside the closure have to be passed into the closure with a use. All that trouble just to get a browser, something we have to do every test...
Our life would be a lot simpler if we could somehow get the browser without having to call $this->browse(). Tests could look like this instead:
public function login_as_user(Browser $browser)
{
$user = factory(User::class)->create();
$browser->visit('/login')
->type('email', $user->email)
->type('password', 'password')
->press('Login')
->assertPathIs('/home');
}
But how can we inject the browser into the test?
Abusing a data provider
The test above is very similar to what a test that uses a data provider looks like. That got me thinking, can we get a data provider to give us a browser?
As it turns out, yes we can! We can get PHPUnit to inject the browser in our Dusk tests, all we need is a little bit of reflection. This sounds pretty ridiculous, but it actually works great.
All we have to do is add the following two methods to our DuskTestCase:
<?php
namespace Tests\Browser;
use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;
use ReflectionClass;
use ReflectionMethod;
abstract class DuskTestCase
{
public function providesTests()
{
$reflection = new ReflectionClass($this);
foreach ($reflection->getMethods(ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC) as $method) {
$parameters = $method->getParameters();
if (count($parameters) === 0) {
continue;
}
$firstParameterType = $parameters[0]->getClass()->name ?? null;
if ($firstParameterType === Browser::class) {
yield $method->name => [$method->name];
}
}
}
/** @dataProvider providesTests */
function test($method)
{
$this->browse(function (Browser $browser) use ($method) {
$this->{$method}($browser);
});
}
}
How it works
The first step is discovering all our tests. The providesTests data provider uses reflection to look at all public methods within the class. All of our tests should already be extending the DuskTestCase, which means the reflection will discover them all.
The second step is checking which tests want to receive a browser. We can do that by checking the type of the method's first parameter. If the method is public, and wants a browser, we'll assume it is a pretty Dusk test.
The data provider will run the test method once for each discovered test, and pass in the test method name. The test method calls the $this->browse() method, and then calls our pretty Dusk test.
As a result, we now don't have to call $this->browse() in our Dusk tests anymore!
The downside
The only downside to this approach is that you have to make sure that these pretty tests aren't discovered by PHPUnit itself. Our data provider is already discovering them, so PHPUnit doesn't have to. If PHPUnit discovers these tests, it won't inject the browser, and the test will always fail. Just make sure your pretty Dusk tests don't have a name that starts with test, and that they dont have a /** @test */ annotation, and you are good to go.
In closing
Dusk tests can be burdensome to write, but they are invaluable for making sure your application works correctly. I've been writing my Dusk tests like this for a few months now, and I haven't seen a reason not to use this approach. Making your tests a little prettier can help keep you sane while writing them.
Discuss this post on Reddit | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Echinolittorina ziczac
Echinolittorina ziczac, previously known as Littorina ziczac, common name the "zebra periwinkle", is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae.
This species lives in the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean, from Florida to Barbados, including the Caribbean coast of Central America. It is very common on intertidal rocks.
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 23 mm.
Habitat
Minimum recorded depth is -3 m. Maximum recorded depth is 0 m. | WIKI |
Browse Design Patterns in Scala
Strangler
Explore the Strangler design pattern for Scala, a strategic approach to incrementally modernize legacy systems without disruption. Learn how it facilitates smooth transitions to new architectures, with real-world applications and code examples.
Definition
The Strangler Pattern is a software design pattern aimed at incrementally rewriting legacy systems. It allows new functionality to form a new system that may then gradually replace the legacy system.
Intent
To safely and incrementally modernize legacy systems without causing disruptions. This pattern facilitates a smooth transition to new architectures by allowing for the coexistence of both old and new systems until the legacy system can be completely replaced.
Also Known As
• Strangler Fig Pattern
• Replace-In-Place Pattern
Detailed Explanation
The Strangler Pattern derives its name from the “strangler fig tree,” where new growth strangles an old tree, eventually replacing it fully. Similarly, this pattern proposes that new features and updates can incrementally replace old features of a legacy system, ensuring a seamless transition.
Process
1. Identify the Functionality: Identify the part of the system that needs to be modernized.
2. Clone the Legacy Behavior: Develop new components that duplicate the behavior of the legacy components.
3. Redirect Requests: Redirect requests from the old system to the new system for the updated components.
4. Incremental Replacement: Gradually reduce the scope of the legacy system by increasing the scope of the new system.
5. Remove Legacy Code: Once the old system’s features are fully covered by the new system, the old code can be deprecated.
Key Features
• Incremental Modernization: Replace components bit-by-bit rather than a complete system overhaul.
• Seamless Transition: Both systems coexist until migration is complete, reducing risks associated with large-scale changes.
• Reduced Risk: The ability to roll back changes if needed makes the transition less risky.
Code Example
Below is a Scala example demonstrating the Strangler Pattern:
1trait LegacyService {
2 def legacyOperation(): String
3}
4
5class LegacyServiceImpl extends LegacyService {
6 override def legacyOperation(): String = "Processing data using legacy service"
7}
8
9trait NewService {
10 def newOperation(): String
11}
12
13class NewServiceImpl extends NewService {
14 override def newOperation(): String = "Processing data using new service"
15}
16
17object StranglerFacade {
18 private val useNewService: Boolean = true
19
20 private val legacyService = new LegacyServiceImpl
21 private val newService = new NewServiceImpl
22
23 def handleRequest(): String = {
24 if (useNewService) newService.newOperation() else legacyService.legacyOperation()
25 }
26}
27
28// Using StranglerFacade to handle requests
29object ClientApp extends App {
30 println(StranglerFacade.handleRequest()) // Output depends on the flag useNewService
31}
Example Class Diagram
classDiagram
class LegacyService {
+String legacyOperation()
}
class LegacyServiceImpl {
+String legacyOperation()
}
class NewService {
+String newOperation()
}
class NewServiceImpl {
+String newOperation()
}
class StranglerFacade {
+handleRequest()
}
LegacyService <|-- LegacyServiceImpl
NewService <|-- NewServiceImpl
StranglerFacade o-- LegacyServiceImpl
StranglerFacade o-- NewServiceImpl
Diagram Explanation
In the class diagram above, the StranglerFacade class decides whether to use the LegacyServiceImpl or NewServiceImpl based on a flag. Both services implement their respective interfaces (LegacyService and NewService).
Example Sequence Diagram
sequenceDiagram
participant Client
participant StranglerFacade
participant LegacyServiceImpl
participant NewServiceImpl
Client->>StranglerFacade: handleRequest()
alt Use New Service
StranglerFacade-->>NewServiceImpl: newOperation()
else Use Legacy Service
StranglerFacade-->>LegacyServiceImpl: legacyOperation()
end
StranglerFacade-->>Client: String (Response from service)
Diagram Explanation
The sequence diagram demonstrates the decision-making process in the StranglerFacade. The client request is handled by either the NewServiceImpl or the LegacyServiceImpl, depending on the flag in the StranglerFacade.
Benefits
• Minimized Risk: Enables incremental changes, reducing disruption.
• Easier Troubleshooting: Isolates changes, making it easier to identify and fix issues.
• Sustainable Pace: Supports a manageable pace of development, avoiding the pitfalls of large-scale system rewrites.
Trade-offs
• Complexity: Requires careful planning and increased complexity in handling dual systems during the transition period.
• Redundancy: Initially involves redundancy as both old and new systems co-exist, potentially increasing maintenance overhead.
When to Use
• When migrating from a legacy system to a new architecture without downtime.
• When the legacy system cannot be easily replaced in one go due to its size or complexity.
• When incremental updates ensure business continuity and less disruption to users.
Example Use Cases
• Codebase Modernization: Replacing a monolithic application with microservices.
• Database Transition: Moving from a legacy database to a new database system gradually.
• Framework Upgrade: Incrementally introducing changes from a legacy web framework to a more modern one.
When Not to Use
• When a full rewrite is possible and more efficient.
• If the existing system is relatively small and straightforward to update in one go.
• When resources for maintaining two systems simultaneously are insufficient.
Anti-patterns
• Big Bang Rewrite: Attempting a complete overhaul in one go without incremental improvements.
• Ignoring Compatibility: Failing to maintain compatibility between legacy and new systems, leading to broken functionalities.
• Adapter Pattern: It allows compatibility between new and old interfaces by creating an adapter that can translate requests between them.
• Facade Pattern: Simplifies interactions with a complex system by providing a unified interface.
References
• Martin Fowler’s writings on legacy replacement strategies.
• In-depth explanations on Refactoring Techniques and Modernization strategies.
Open Source Frameworks
• Apache Camel: Useful for integrating new and legacy systems.
• Spring Boot: Can be used to create modern microservices gradually replacing legacy components.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
Explore how these materials can deepen your understanding of progressive system modernization using the Strangler Pattern.
Saturday, July 20, 2024 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Russell Williams (criminal)
David Russell Williams (born March 7, 1963) is a Canadian serial rapist, murderer and former colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He is currently serving a life sentence with the possibility of parole after 25 years for two murders, committed in November 2009 and January 2010.
In late January 2010, the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) discovered evidence implicating Williams in the disappearance and death of Jessica Lloyd, and suspected links to two other crimes that had been committed in proximity to his previous home in Tweed, Ontario. On February 7, Williams was interrogated on video by OPP investigator Jim Smyth and confronted with the evidence of tire tracks and boot prints at Lloyd's house. Over the next ten hours, Williams gave a detailed confession of the sexual assault and murder of Lloyd. He also confessed to the sexual assault and murder of Corporal Marie-France Comeau, as well as at least two other cases initially.
Subsequent investigation into Williams brought further confessions and revealed evidence of detailed notes and photographs stored at his home. Evidence showed he had broken into at least 82 houses to steal women's and girls' underwear, which later escalated to sexual assaults and later still to the rapes and murders. Williams was charged with two counts of first-degree murder, two counts of forcible confinement, two counts of breaking and entering and sexual assault. Another 82 charges relating to breaking and entering were later added.
On October 21, 2010, Williams was sentenced to two life sentences for first-degree murder, two 10-year sentences for other sexual assaults, two 10-year sentences for forcible confinement, and 82 one-year sentences for breaking and entering, all to be served concurrently. The life sentences mean Williams will serve a minimum of 25 years before parole eligibility. Because he was convicted of multiple murders, he is not eligible for early parole under the "faint hope clause" of the Criminal Code.
From July 2009 until his arrest, Williams commanded CFB Trenton, Canada's largest military airbase and a hub for the country's foreign and domestic air transport operations. He was also a decorated pilot who had flown Canadian Forces VIP aircraft for dignitaries and heads of state. Following charges being made in February 2010, he was relieved of his duties. Following his conviction in October 2010, he was stripped of his commission, ranks and awards by the Governor General on the recommendation of the Chief of the Defence Staff. Williams' uniform, documents and military equipment were destroyed by the Canadian military.
Early life and education
David Russell Williams was born in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England, on March 7, 1963, to Christine Nonie (née Chivers) and Cedric David Williams. His family immigrated to Canada, settling in Chalk River, Ontario. Williams' father was hired as a metallurgist at Chalk River Laboratories, a Canadian nuclear research laboratory. After this relocation, the Williams family met another family, the Sovkas, and they became good friends. Williams' parents divorced when he was six years old, and soon after his mother married Dr. Jerry Sovka. During this time, Williams took his stepfather's name and moved again to Scarborough, Ontario, a borough of Toronto.
While living in the Scarborough Bluffs area, Williams began high school at Birchmount Collegiate but finished at Upper Canada College (UCC). He delivered the Globe and Mail newspaper and learned to play the piano. By 1979, his family moved to South Korea, where Sovka was overseeing another reactor project. Williams completed his final two years of high school as a boarding student at UCC while his parents were in South Korea. In his final year in 1982, he was selected as a prefect for his boarding house. Williams then studied economics and political science at the University of Toronto Scarborough (UTSC), where another notorious Canadian murderer, Paul Bernardo, was coincidentally two academic years ahead of him. Williams graduated from UTSC with a Bachelor of Arts in 1986. There, he engaged in pranks against his roommates, picking locked doors and hiding in rooms for hours to surprise the occupants.
Military service
Williams joined the Canadian Forces in 1987, received his flying wings in 1990 and was posted to 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, based at CFB Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, where he served for two years as an instructor.
Promoted to captain on January 1, 1991, Williams was posted to 434 Combat Support Squadron at CFB Shearwater, Nova Scotia, in 1992, where he flew the CC-144 Challenger in the electronic warfare and coastal patrol role. In 1994, he was posted to the 412 Transport Squadron in Ottawa, where he transported VIPs, including high-ranking government officials and foreign dignitaries, also on Challengers. Williams was then promoted to major in November 1999 and was posted to Director General Military Careers in Ottawa, where he served as the multi-engine pilot career manager.
Williams earned a Master of Defence Studies from the Royal Military College of Canada in 2004 with a 55-page thesis that supported pre-emptive war in Iraq. In June 2004 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and the following month he was appointed commanding officer of 437 Transport Squadron at CFB Trenton, Ontario, a post he held for two years. From December 2005 to May 2006, Williams also served as the commanding officer of Camp Mirage, a secretive logistics facility believed to be located at Al Minhad Air Base in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, that provided support to Canadian Forces operations in Afghanistan.
Williams was posted to the Directorate of Air Requirements on July 21, 2006, where he served as project director for the Airlift Capability Projects Strategic (C-17 Globemaster III) and Tactical (CC-130J Super Hercules), and Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue (CC-127J Spartan), working under Lieutenant General Angus Watt at this posting. In January 2009 he was posted to the Canadian Forces Language School in Gatineau, Quebec, for a six-month period of French language training, during which he was promoted to colonel by recommendation of the now-retired Watt.
On July 15, 2009, Williams was sworn in as the Wing Commander at CFB Trenton by the outgoing Wing Commander Brigadier General Michael Hood. CFB Trenton is Canada's busiest military airbase and a hub of support for overseas military operations. Located in Trenton, Ontario, the base also functioned as the point of arrival for the bodies of all Canadian Forces personnel killed in Afghanistan, and the starting point for funeral processions along the "Highway of Heroes" whence their bodies were brought to Toronto for autopsy.
Williams was regarded as a model military officer over the course of his 23-year career. He had flown Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh, the Governor General of Canada, the Prime Minister of Canada and many other dignitaries across Canada and overseas in Canadian Forces VIP aircraft.
Investigation leading to arrest
On January 28, 2010, Jessica Lloyd, aged 27, disappeared from her home in Belleville, Ontario. Investigators identified distinctive tire tracks left in the snow along the north tree line of her property, approximately 100 m north of her home. One week after her disappearance, the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) conducted an extensive canvassing of all motorists using the highway near her home from 7:00 p.m. on February 4, 2010, to 6:00 a.m. the next morning, looking for the tire treads. Williams was driving his Nissan Pathfinder that day—rather than the BMW he usually drove—and an officer noticed the resemblance of his tire treads. These were subsequently matched to the treads near Lloyd's home.
On February 7, 2010, Williams was at his newly built residence in the Ottawa suburb of Westboro, where his wife lived full-time and he lived part-time, when he was called by the Ottawa Police Service and asked to come in for questioning.
Interview and confession
At 3:00p.m. on February 7, Williams was interrogated at police headquarters by OPP Detective Staff Sergeant James Smyth. By 7:45p.m., after having been presented with the tire tread and shoe impression evidence linking him to Lloyd's disappearance, Williams began confessing to his crimes. He disclosed his role in dozens of crimes, including multiple acts of breaking and entering and sexual assault, in and around Tweed and Orleans, Ontario, at locations close to property owned by Williams and his wife. He also disclosed where police could find evidence hidden inside his Ottawa home, including hidden keepsakes, photographs taken of his victims and of himself posing in their underwear, video files of his assaults and murders, and other evidence. Williams then identified on a map where he disposed of Lloyd's body, leading them to the location early the next morning.
Charges
Along with the murder charges, Williams was charged with breaking and entering, forcible confinement and the sexual assault of two other women in connection with two separate home invasions near Tweed, which occurred in September 2009. According to reports, the women had been bound in their homes and Williams had taken photos of them. He was also charged in the death of Corporal Marie-France Comeau, a 37-year-old military traffic technician based at CFB Trenton, who had been found dead inside her home in late November 2009.
Williams was remanded into custody on February 8, 2010. The Canadian Forces announced that day that an interim commander would soon be appointed to replace him (Dave Cochrane took over eleven days later) and removed his biography from the Department of National Defence website the following day.
Hours after the announcement of Williams' arrest, police services across the country reopened unsolved homicide cases involving young women in areas where he had previously been stationed. According to news reports, police began looking at other unsolved cases based on a full statement that Williams gave to police. In addition to the four primary incidents, the investigation included probes into 48 cases of theft of women's underwear dating back to 2006. Inside his Ottawa home, police discovered stolen lingerie that was neatly stored, catalogued and concealed. A week after Williams' arrest, investigators reported that, along with hidden keepsakes and other evidence found in his home, they had matched a print from one of the homicide scenes to his boot.
In April 2010, Williams was placed on suicide watch at Quinte Detention Centre in Napanee, Ontario after he tried to kill himself by wedging a stuffed cardboard toilet paper roll down his throat.
Court proceedings and trial
Williams appeared before the Ontario Court of Justice in Belleville via video link from the Quinte Detention Centre on July 22, 2010, where his next court appearance was set for August 26. Again via video link, Williams waived his right to a preliminary inquiry and thus had his next appearance scheduled at the Ontario Superior Court of Justice for October 7, 2010. Williams' lawyer stated then that his client would plead guilty to all charges filed against him.
On October 18, 2010, Williams pleaded guilty to all charges. On the first day of Williams' trial and guilty plea, details emerged of other sexual assaults he committed, including that of a new mother who was woken with a blow to the head while she and her baby were asleep in her house.
The first day of trial revealed that Williams also had pedophiliac tendencies, stealing underwear of girls as young as nine years old. He made 82 fetish-related home invasions and attempted break-ins between September 2007 and November 2009.
Williams had progressed from break-ins, to sexual assaults with no penetration, to finally rape and murder. He had kept detailed track of police reports of the crimes he was committing, logged his crimes, kept photos and videos, and had even left notes and messages for his victims. In a break-in into the bedroom of a 12-year-old girl, he left a message on her computer saying: "Merci" ("Thank you" in French). He had taken thousands of pictures of his crimes, and had kept the photos on his computer. Crown Attorney Robert Morrison presented numerous pictures of Williams dressed in the various pieces of underwear and bras he had stolen, frequently masturbating while lying on the beds of his victims.
Some of the photos presented on the first day of his trial were published in several newspapers. As some newspapers explained, although troubling, the photos were published because they capture the essence of the crimes of Williams and show the true nature of his crimes. Among the news media that published some of the released photographs were The Montreal Gazette and The Toronto Star.
Ontario Superior Court Justice Robert F. Scott sentenced Williams on October 22, 2010, to two concurrent terms of life imprisonment, with no consideration of parole for 25 years.
After his conviction the Governor General of Canada, David Johnston, revoked Williams' commission and expelled him from the armed forces. Williams was stripped of the rank of colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force as well as his military decorations: the South-West Asia Service Medal with Afghanistan clasp and the Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) with one clasp. He was allowed to keep his military pension equal to $60,000 CAD per year as terminating it would require an act of parliament. After being returned to the Forces, his uniform was burned, his medals were cut into pieces, and his commission scroll (the instrument of his commission) was shredded, actions similar to the components of a military degradation. His vehicle, a Nissan Pathfinder, was similarly crushed and scrapped.
Williams was initially incarcerated at Kingston Penitentiary, in the prison's segregation unit. After the prison began the process of closing, he was moved to the Port-Cartier Institution, a maximum-security prison in Port-Cartier, Quebec.
On May 10, 2012, the Canadian Forces announced that it had made a "terrible mistake" by publishing a booklet with a photograph containing Williams in the background, and ordered 4,000 copies of the book destroyed. The photograph was incidental to the subject matter of the book, but the image was felt to be offensive.
Personal life
On June 1, 1991, Williams married Mary Elizabeth Harriman, who is an associate director of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. According to Williams' biography that had been posted on the Department of National Defence website, he was a keen photographer, fisherman and runner, and he and his wife were avid golfers.
The couple moved to Orleans, a suburb of Ottawa, in July 2006. By then, Williams had been posted to the Directorate of Air Requirements at the National Defence Headquarters. He served at the Airlift Capability Projects Strategic (CC-177 Globemaster III) and Tactical (CC-130J Hercules J), and Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue.
In December 2010, Williams' wife, Harriman, began the process of filing for divorce, together with a request to have any of her financial and medical information sealed by the court. The divorce was not finalized until years later and Harriman's sealing request was denied in 2014.
Television
The Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate released an episode titled "Russell Williams: Above Suspicion" on September 24, 2010.
The American investigative news programs 48 Hours aired "Name, Rank and Serial Killer?" on April 9, 2011; and Dateline NBC aired a piece covering the Williams case, titled "Conduct Unbecoming," on August 13, 2015.
Season 4 of the documentary television series I Survived... (originally aired on September 30, 2012) featured one of Williams' victims recounting her story of Williams attacking her in her home.
In November 2017, Dutch film director Ramón Gieling released a documentary, Fatum (Room 216), that uses footage of Williams' 10-hour-long police interrogation.
A television movie adaptation of the Williams case, An Officer and a Murderer, with American actor Gary Cole in the lead role, premiered on the Lifetime Network in the United States on July 21, 2012. A Canadian premiere on The Movie Network, originally planned for August 2012, was cancelled after "reviewing the media coverage" of the US premiere. An Officer and a Murderer eventually aired on Canadian television in August 2013.
His Case is also featured on the Season 2, Episode 6, titled "Commander and Thief", from the Show, Deadly Sins.
Books
J. K. Rowling has stated that the serial killer Dennis Creed in her novel Troubled Blood was based on Williams and Jerry Brudos. | WIKI |
Free liquid jets and films by Alexander L. Yarin
By Alexander L. Yarin
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The phase diagram including the uniform (U), the dimerized (D) spin-Peierls, and the magnetic phase is shown in Fig. 40 [329]. The lattice distortion in the I phase is described by a soliton-like lattice close to the D=I phase boundary with a continuous change to a sinusoidal distortion at higher ÿelds. Further aspects of the I phase are discussed in Refs. [68–70,322,329]. Substitutions and long-range AF order. A very fascinating aspect of this compound is the possibility of substitutions. Several extensive studies of substitution e ects of transition metals on the copper site (Ni [331–333], Co [334], Mg [335], Zn [328,336–341]) and Si on the Ge site [57,328,338,340,342–344] have been performed and summarized in Refs.
An analysis of the triplet dispersion leads to an intradimer interaction J ≈ 60 K while the interdimer exchange coupling constant J⊥ ≈ 18 K is a factor 3 larger compared to the respective coupling constant in KCuCl3 [247,239,240]. The much larger bandwidth of the triplet branches compared with the gap is therefore attributed to a breakdown of the weakly coupled dimer model for TlCuCl3 [239]. Treating the interdimer interactions in mean ÿeld, the magnetic susceptibility can be modelled by the expression (T ) ≈ (ÿ=(3 + exp(ÿJ + ÿJ )) for e ective independent dimers, with ÿ = 1=(kB T ) and J the sum of the interdimer interactions.
5. Early studies found a very sharp peak in Sr 14 Cu24 O41 in (cc) polarization at 3003 cm−1 with a high-energy shoulder forming two broader maxima at 3700 and 4300 cm−1 [179,180]. A similar maximum in (aa) polarization is weaker in intensity and the high-energy peaks are missing. From these peak positions exchange coupling constants J = 1000 cm−1 and J⊥ = 950 cm−1 of the ladder system have been estimated. These experimental data have been theoretically reanalyzed by Freitas et al. [181,182] and Schmidt et al.
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Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 in the urine monitor disease activity and the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
1. F Hadziselimovic,
2. L R Emmons,
3. H Gallati
1. Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Basle, Switzerland.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to discover if soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R p55 and p75) in the urine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could be used to monitor the different stages of the activity of the diseases. Twenty five patients with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis were followed up during a longterm study. The 16 patients who become acutely ill with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis had significantly higher concentrations of sTNF-R p55 and p75 in their urine compared with those who were in remission, or those who were normal controls. There was a significant correlation between increased concentrations (> 20 ng/ml) of both sTNF-R p55 and p75 in the urine and a high Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and colitis activity index (CAI). Therefore, determination of sTNF-R is a good non-invasive parameter that can be used to assess the activity of disease and the efficacy of treatment.
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5 British Stocks to Watch as Brexit Vote Looms
As Jun 23 approaches, more and more of Britain's citizens seem to be in favor of leaving the European Union. This is what the latest polls say and, unlike earlier surveys, the gap between those in favor of a Brexit and those against seems to be widening.
Industry and market watchers are also split over the pros and cons of such a move. However, some patterns seem to be emerging with economists of the opinion that the gains of exiting the EU seem to be unclear. On the other hand, British industry seems to be split down the middle.
Fresh Polls Say Brexit Chances Higher
Earlier polls were unclear about the final outcome. At that point, some polls showed that those in favor of leaving the EU maintained a lead over those in favor of staying within the economic bloc (read: Growing Brexit Debate Brings ETFs in Focus ). In contrast, last Monday's The Times/YouGov poll showed that those in favor of staying within the EU were 1% ahead of those in favor of exiting.
However, fresh results from the same poll released this Monday revealed a completely different picture. The new YouGov poll for the Times showed that those in favor of a Brexit had grown to 46% while those against such a move had fallen to 39%. Those undecided accounted for 11% of the sample population while 4% had decided not to vote.
The argument in favor of such a move has increasingly become political, tied to a desire for sovereignty and driven by the impact of higher levels of migration (read: 7 Ways to Trade the Brexit Vote ). Meanwhile, those against such a move highlight the fear of uncertain times for the economy following such a decision. President Obama had gone so far as to say that the United Kingdom would have to return to the "back of the queue" to seal fresh trade pacts with the U.S.
Several Small Companies Favor Brexit
Government data has indicated time and again that small and midsized businesses constitute the lion's share of the British industry. Nearly 99% of all the country's businesses are small or midsized going by the definition that they should employ 250 or lesser individuals. In effect, they provide employment in excess of half of the private sector workforce.
A survey by the British Chambers of Commerce has shown that most of these companies were in favor of exiting the EU. Divisions still exist, but a feeling has emerged that smaller businesses incur heavy costs in order to conform to EU regulations. A study by Open Europe has indicated that several regulations specific to EU membership had cost the British economy $64 billion a year per 2014 prices. There is anticipation about the possible gains from an exit, but several economists and market watchers believe that small and midsized companies could absorb the impact of higher tariffs in the event of a Brexit.
Larger Companies in Favor of Staying with the EU
Larger businesses, on the other hand, are firmly against the idea of a Brexit. The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) has released a paper which states that the cost of exiting the EU will result in the loss of a million jobs as well as national income amounting to 100 billion pounds by 2020.
The arguments placed in favor of a Brexit are based primarily on the uncertainty and risks it poses. For instance, nearly 50% of Britain's exports go to the EU while imports from the economic zone exceed exports. This raises serious questions about the value of a weaker pound in the event of leaving the EU (read : 4 European Funds in Focus on Brexit Possibility ).
Several large companies have gone so far as to campaign against a Brexit. For instance, BT Group plc's BT chairman Sir Michael Rake has written a letter stressing the importance of remaining within the EU to all employees. Ryanair Holdings plc RYAAY has sent its customers email campaigning against a possible pro-Brexit vote.
5 British Stocks in Focus
In this event it is crucial to watch larger companies, which conduct a significant part of their business outside Britain. Many of them may opt to shift their offices and in some cases there operations from Britain.
BP plcBP is one of the world's major energy companies that provides its customers fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemical products. The stock has lost 0.6% over the last one month and gained 6.4% over the last three months.
British American Tobacco plcBTI is a major producer and seller of tobacco products. The stock has lost 3.3% over the last one month and gained 7.9% over the last three months.
Unilever PLCUL is engaged in manufacturing branded and packaged consumer goods, including food, detergents and personal care products. The stock has lost 2.8% over the last one month and 0.1% over the last three months.
HSBC Holdings plcHSBC is a major global banking and financial services firm, with approximately $2.6 trillion in assets as of Mar 31, 2016. The stock has lost 1.5% over the last one month and 5.4% over the last three months.
Vodafone Group PlcVOD is a major wireless communications operator and the second largest (behind China Mobile) carrier based on subscriber count. The stock has lost 6.4% over the last one month and 2.9% over the last three months.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Cheilosia psilophthalma
Cheilosia psilophthalma is a Palearctic hoverfly closely related and very similar to Cheilosia latigenis, Cheilosia mutabilis and Cheilosia urbana. It is a rare and little known species recorded from Scandinavia, Ireland, Britain, France, Poland, Switzerland, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Ukraine and European Russia. Flowers visited include Acer platanoides, Anemone nemorosa, Primula veris, Prunus spinosa and Salix spp. Cheilosia psilophthalma flies in April and May (July at higher altitudes). Open, grassy areas within sparse woodland and unimproved, montane subalpine grassland are preferred habitats. Larvae are recorded as developing in Hieracium pilosella and Hieracium caespitosum. | WIKI |
Talk:Come What(ever) May/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Wizardman Operation Big Bear 02:30, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
Overall this is a good article, though I have a couple issues:
* "However, the release date for the album was pushed back until August 22, due to the delay Stone Sour released a music video for the track "Reborn" on April 28, 2006, the video featured footage of the band working on the album in the studio." Sentence is a run-on, should be split into a couple.
* "The third single from the album "sillyworld" began receiving radio airplay in November 2006." I think Sillyworld's supposed to be capitalized. If lowercase is right then fix where capitalized. Plus, the way it's written (this and the others) makes it sound like that's the name of another album. Adding commas before and after them all should fix that though.
Just a couple small things; I'll put it on hold and pass when the issues are fixed. Wizardman Operation Big Bear 02:30, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
* I've made changes to address your concerns. REZTER TALK ø 11:41, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
* Looks good; article passes. Wizardman Operation Big Bear 17:46, 26 February 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Why falling stock prices are good for most people
Over the past 12 months, the unemployment rate has fallen, and real incomes have gone up, thanks to low commodity prices. It's not necessarily the best of times, economically speaking, but things are better than they've been in years. But much financial news has been bleak lately — generally with a focus on the stock market, which is broadly down. The S&P 500 index of major companies has lost almost 10 percent of its value over the past year, leading many middle-class workers to tremble in fear at the state of their 401(k) or IRA plans. But the truth is most people shouldn't worry. If you're already retired or planning to retire very soon, a down stock market could be genuinely bad news for you. But if you're a decade or four from retirement, as most people are, then cheap stocks are almost certainly good for you. So no matter how grim the stock market gets in the coming weeks or months, you should resist the urge to panic-sell your stocks. If anything, you should look at a down stock market as a buying opportunity. If you hold on to — or even expand — your stock portfolio, you'll be better off in the long run. The price of shares of individual companies moves up and down considerably in response to specific news about products, profits, personnel, and other such matters. That's as it should be. Good news about Facebook makes owning a slice of Facebook more appealing, so the price goes up. Bad news about Twitter does the reverse, so the price goes down. But the market as a whole also goes up and down for somewhat mysterious reasons. This long-term chart of the ratio of the price of S&P 500 stocks to the earnings of S&P 500 companies makes the point pretty clearly: There are big waves of optimism and pessimism and lots of little gyrations within those waves. When a particular stock goes down, that's usually because something bad happened to the company. But when the market as a whole goes down, the sheer waves of optimism and pessimism are almost always playing a role. That means these swings in prices are much larger and faster than the swings in the value of the underlying assets of corporate America. After all, while it may be true that the S&P 500 is down 10 percent over the past year, it's not as if 10 percent of the country's capital goods were destroyed in a war. It's not even the case that profits have fallen 10 percent. That's why virtually all investment advice exhorts you to save and invest for the long term rather than worrying about the daily or even monthly ups and downs. The upshot of all this is that if you are still working and saving and investing for a retirement that isn't going to come for decades, cheap stocks are good, because it means that whatever share of your income you are setting aside is garnering you more shares of stock. The lower the big indexes go, the larger the slice of corporate America you get to buy, which means you'll be better off in retirement. This logic doesn't apply to corporate executives whose compensation is linked to short-term stock prices, to old people who are looking to spend accumulated savings, or to stockbrokers who take advantage of cognitive errors to extract excess trading fees from normal people. Media coverage of financial news, unfortunately, is generally geared to those audiences and ends up emphasizing the negative. But whether a falling or rising price of any asset is good for you depends on who you are. Falling house prices are terrible for empty nesters hoping to downsize and pocket some extra cash, but they're great for young couples looking to buy a place large enough to raise a family. Stocks are just the same. If you're young and working and saving, cheap stocks are what you want. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Georg Pezolt
Georg Pezolt, also Petzoldt or Petzold (8 May 1810, Salzburg - 28 October 1878, Salzburg) was an Austrian painter, architect and art critic, who became the first monument conservator in Salzburg.
Life and work
He served a apprenticeship with the still-life painter, Johann Matthias Wurzer. At the age of seventeen, he accompanied him on a trip to Italy, with an archaeological expedition for which Wurzer was serving as a sketch artist. He returned to Salzburg in 1837, where he initially focused on painting, but would later issue a book of 144 lithographs; Most interesting points from Salzburg, Tyrol and the Salzkammergut.
After 1850, he began to spend more time devoting himself to other tasks. Through the high esteem for his works expressed by Archbishop Schwarzenberg, and his later work as a conservator, he came to have a significant influence on ecclesiastical art in the region. He was also a significant contributor to the development of the Salzburg Museum and a respected member of the Salzburger Kunstverein (Artists' Association). In addition, he took some students; notably Josef Mayburger, who was only four years his junior.
At first, he favored imagery based on ancient Roman art, but gradually became more attracted to the work of the Nazarene movement, which created an intellectual conflict with his scholarly pursuits. Although generally praised, he came under some criticism for relying too much on his imagination, rather than research.
What may be his most notable restoration involved the tower of the Franciscan Church, built in 1498. His only original architectural work was the "Borromäus Church", in Neo-Byzantine style, on the Mirabellplatz in the Neustadt (Salzburg) district. It was demolished in 1972. | WIKI |
Detalhes do Documento
Comparative study of the cytotoxic effects of microcystin-LR in mammalian cell lines: Vero, HepG2, Caco2 and MDCK
Autor(es): Menezes, Carina cv logo 1
Data: 2009
Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/673
Origem: Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde
Assunto(s): Microcistina-LR; Citotoxicidade; Autofagia; Apoptose; Ultrastrutura; Linhas Celulares de Mamífero; Toxicologia
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia Humana e Ambiente apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 2009Tese orientada por: Professora Doutora Ana Amorim (Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa); Doutora Elsa Alverca (Investigadora do Laboratório de Biologia e Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental,Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge)Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a natural occurring freshwater cyanotoxin, recognized as one of the most toxic microcystin variants. It is thought to be responsible for cases of livestock and human intoxication due to consumption of toxic cyanobacteria-contaminated water. Although considered a hepatotoxin, MCLR also targets other organs such as the kidneys and intestines. In spite the cellular mechanisms associated with the toxicity of MCLR are still unclear, a previous work in a monkey kidney cell line suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum was an early target of MCLR toxicity and that autophagy was triggered as a cell defense mechanism at subcytotoxic concentrations of MCLR. In the present work, cytotoxic, morphological and ultrastructural effects of MCLR were compared in HepG2 (human liver), Vero (monkey kidney), MDCK (dog kidney) and Caco2 (human intestine) cell lines. MCLR induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability by the NR assay in all cell lines, with HepG2 and Vero showing the lowest cytotoxic thresholds of 25 and 50 μM MCLR, respectively. In these cells, MCLR exposure induced lysosomal damages previously to mitochondrial disruption, reinforcing the role of lysosomes in MCLR-induced toxicity. Immunolabelling and ultrastructural visualization of autophagosomes, showed that autophagy was a response transversal to both cell lines, triggered at subcytotoxic MCLR concentrations, confirming its importance as a defense mechanism to early damages inflicted by the toxin. The analysis of GRP94, an ER stress protein, did not undoubtedly demonstrate that MCLR targets the ER. However, together with the ultrastructural data, suggested that in both HepG2 and Vero cells, the ER has a role in autophagy induction. Additionally, in HepG2 cells, GRP94 down-regulation with increasing MCLR concentrations supported the ER role in the triggering of apoptosis. At high toxin concentrations, ultrastructural alterations consistent with apoptosis were observed for all four cell lines, proving that this is a general MCLR-induced mechanism.
Tipo de Documento Dissertação de Mestrado
Idioma Inglês
Orientador(es) Amorim, Ana; Alverca, Elsa
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Uberm00.net, my website. Not a lot on there right now, but there are some links to my current projects, like iBoard and Rantyblog.
I'm mostly working on the PHP Wikibook. | WIKI |
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* 10) Declined Draft:Dr. Phan Thanh Hào (lang) by Drhao 06:44, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Budhan bigha (v) by Amank134 06:46, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:ARGOS ID (v & corp) by Manyeyesforyou 06:46, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 13) Declined Draft:Lit Chowk (v) by Khushis07 06:48, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:Scott Romine (v) by Austin.puglia 06:50, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Sasha Barab (prof) by Kbutler12 06:52, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 16) Declined Draft:Chechi (v) by Panther 8055 07:08, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Căng Da Chỉ Vàng Gold Thread 24K (lang) by An.le3108 07:34, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Eneede.com (corp & adv) by Eneede 08:25, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Wudabi payam of Morobo county. (v) by Atickson James Thomas Baba 12:14, 6 December 2022 (UTC)
* 20) Declined Draft:Hindutva (2022 film) (v) by 2402:E280:3D2A:252:58EE:EEE3:68E5:A4F1 12:14, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 21) Accepted Draft:Hillcrest Park (Fullerton) by Patrickgaarder 12:35, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 22) Declined Draft:Wudabi payam of Morobo county. (v) by Atickson James Thomas Baba 13:08, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:Mladen Maksic (Digital Marketer) (bio & adv) by Mladen Maksic 13:22, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:Archie Wallace (v & athlete) by Harry1wallace 13:39, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 25) Declined Draft:Lewis Cottam (bio) by JOE RE BIDEN 13:40, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 26) Declined Draft:Nishit Kaul (bio) by David Ferrham 13:55, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 27) Declined Draft:Insan Bumi Mandiri (corp) by ThiriToe 14:05, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 28) Accepted Draft:The Banquet of Absalom by MaybeItsBecauseImALondoner 14:23, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 29) Declined User:Sephbox/sandbox (test) by Sephbox 14:31, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 30) Accepted Draft:Carmen Ennesch by <IP_ADDRESS> 17:18, 7 December 2022 (UTC)
* 31) Declined Draft:Yes No Oracles (v) by Alexr451 03:05, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
* 32) Declined Draft:Max Gordon (Макс Гордон) (lang) by MegaMax007 11:30, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
* 33) Declined Draft:Lil fandypadge (v & music) by Banesetworts 11:31, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
* 34) Declined Draft:Hari Nagar Extension (v & nn) by Navinshah86 11:32, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
* 35) Declined User:Pondering.protons/sandbox (exists) by Pondering.protons 11:35, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
* 36) Declined Draft:FOUAD AIMAN NABULSI (bio) by Fouadnabulsy 12:54, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
* 37) Declined Draft:Bonhomme à lunettes (lang) by Rayelop 23:24, 13 December 2022 (UTC)
* 38) Rejected Draft:Patrick Mahomes III by <IP_ADDRESS> 23:29, 13 December 2022 (UTC)
* 39) Declined Draft:Climate Change factors in Indonesia (exists) by Ella Aziza 01:10, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
* 40) Declined Draft:Alogene (corp) by Ppwu20 10:36, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
* 41) Declined Draft:Pearl Organisation (corp) by <IP_ADDRESS> 14:15, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
* 42) Declined Draft:Vivek Chauhan (v & bio) by 2409:40C1:29:73C7:60E2:9661:E614:9611 07:01, 16 December 2022 (UTC)
* 43) Declined Draft:Iqbal ahmad (v & bio) by Afaq41 13:25, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
* 44) Accepted Draft:Conrad-Albert, 1st Duke d'Ursel by Hwqaksd 13:28, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
* 45) Declined Draft:Halftime Chat R&B Podcast (nn) by Nesoul 13:36, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
* 46) Declined Draft:Mrs India Inc (adv) by ParikhVinit 22:58, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
* 47) Declined Draft:Arishti Info Labs (v & corp) by Ail Dev 14:44, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
* 48) Declined Draft:Bruno Krenkel (athlete) by 2001:16A2:FAA5:B500:E71D:AC18:7C4:E5DD 14:48, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
* 49) Declined Draft:Stoya+ (v & nn) by Annabel Amor 14:49, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
* 50) Declined Draft:Smile.jpg (Smile Dog) (v & web) by Klee Bakudan 20:46, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
* 51) Declined Draft:Λεία Βιτάλη (lang) by Λεια Βιταλη 20:57, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
* 52) Declined Draft:TechEditor (lang) by Nick Wikimaster 20:59, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
* 53) Declined Draft:Kuna Maharana (v & bio) by Imkmaharana 21:02, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
* 54) Declined Draft:Nico Spring (v & bio) by Emoceanico 21:07, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
January 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Ashwin Tewary (v & bio) by CyberRoyalKnight 15:14, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Rambharos choudhary (v & bio) by Inecel 15:14, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Starrtrynea Reeves (v & music) by MonstrousP 15:19, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Rita Carlini (lang) by Johnnyhustler 22:53, 6 January 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:Harshal Gire (v & bio) by Harshal2 13:19, 24 January 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Lambert Schomaker (v & prof) by Glidensolhaga 13:21, 24 January 2023 (UTC)
February 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Jukucrush Building Team (v & nn) by MinenolM 06:01, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Best Agrolife Company (corp & adv) by Amit Kumar Singh Panwar 06:04, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Sharada Bashyal (v & bio) by 2400:1A00:B050:4C99:A87F:74FD:7A31:BA9E 06:05, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Arthur Backouche (bio & adv) by <IP_ADDRESS> 06:11, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Leonard V. Wood by MoviesandTelevisionFan 06:17, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Christy-Anne Lopez (v & bio) by Shainamanlangit 06:42, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Declined Draft:Donald Cheney (bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 06:48, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Kazuo Ueda (v & bio) by Vatsk 08:00, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Accepted Draft:Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town by LegalSmeagolian 11:23, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Declined Draft:Premiere Estate Properties (corp & adv) by KR4RINY 11:51, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Accepted Draft:Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck by LordVoldemort728 11:55, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:Tokugaw Iechiyo (blank) by XACAT 15:50, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Rejected Draft:JJ Letcavage by Jjletcavage 21:52, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
March 2023
* 1) Accepted Draft:Lizeth by <IP_ADDRESS> 01:15, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Star Bright (novel) (v & nn) by Lonnieford88 01:31, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Accepted Draft:Andrew T. F. Ing by Osevilla 01:52, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Accepted Draft:Tsehay by <IP_ADDRESS> 03:56, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:SM City Sorsogon Design (custom) by <IP_ADDRESS> 04:03, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aytekin (v & prof) by <IP_ADDRESS> 08:41, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:Marguerite Thibert by GoldenRetriever0142 09:01, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Accepted Draft:Milanese bobbin lace by Mmangan333 09:52, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Vinod Tiwari (v & bio) by Nostrum Entertainment Hub 09:55, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Declined User:Protimchakravorty2/sandbox (v & bio) by Protimchakravorty2 10:15, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Roshan Prasad (v & bio) by Sikkim Cricket 10:23, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Accepted Draft:Bradham by OmniFrieza994 10:24, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Speaking of I.M.E.L.D.A. by CQualmann 08:49, 18 March 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Declined User:Venky1927/sandbox (v & nn) by Venky1927 11:37, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Mordkaul (v & music) by 2A02:1810:CD00:F900:35A8:F6F1:B8C6:CDE0 10:10, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Declined Draft:कृष्णप्रकाश श्रेष्ठ (lang) by Nneupane 10:10, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Chitturi Jagapati Rao (v & bio) by Prashan345th 10:13, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Accepted Draft:Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Video by Jimoincolor 10:27, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Accepted Draft:Our Lives (newspaper) by MHusse 12:46, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Declined User:Scorderopuchale/sandbox (exists) by Scorderopuchale 15:57, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Accepted Draft:Independent Police Conduct Commission by Traxezz 16:16, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Accepted Draft:Nuhu Mbogo Kyabasinga by KibangaWiki 16:46, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Accepted Draft:Q. Byrum Hurst by FloridaArmy 17:35, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
April 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Malik Asim Ashraf (v & athlete) by Myrajput 21:50, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Accepted Draft:Catherine Victoria Hall by Hugoblomfield 01:53, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Yilick (v & nn) by Sabiiti 23:22, 8 April 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Accepted Draft:Physomeloe corallifer by LaraPoasting 23:58, 8 April 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Margaretha (soldier) by Arado Ar 196 19:41, 9 April 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Boukari Laouali Chaibou (lang) by Wikipedien28 20:08, 9 April 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Declined Draft:BagelSpiders (v & music) by Nckambrg 20:12, 9 April 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Giedre Jackyte (v & bio) by UrbanMBA 13:37, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Salarship (v & corp) by <IP_ADDRESS> 11:20, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Declined Draft:Andrei Lupu (lang) by Andrei.T88 11:24, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined User:Naghul11/sandbox (lang & exists) by Naghul11 16:09, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:A17 (v & nn) by <IP_ADDRESS> 18:23, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Rejected Draft:Vine Dip by Vinedip445 19:50, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:Plagiatkontroll Squad (PKS) (v & nn) by Petrowski pks 12:39, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:LGBT Rights in Tanzania (exists) by CBDIGH3700 12:47, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Feminist Radio Network by Ef726 13:37, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Accepted Draft:Episode 847 (Sesame Street) by Shadowboxer2005 01:31, 20 April 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Jeba Raja (v & bio) by Jersin2019 05:22, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Moolans Group (v & corp) by RandomPenguin24 05:24, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Declined Draft:Empire Medical Training (v & corp) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:26, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:Rhythm People (v & nn) by Dcmorosky 05:36, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Declined User:NOXINPT/sandbox (v & music) by NOXINPT 05:38, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:Gorilla tag (v & nn) by Lucapotomus 18:09, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Accepted Draft:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir by AvailableViking 19:03, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 25) Rejected Draft:Kervaadska by Stan-KervaadskiyGovernmentski 21:54, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
* 26) Rejected Draft:Woody Zhang by <IP_ADDRESS> 17:09, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
* 27) Declined Draft:Luc Pami (lang) by Kodimx87 21:12, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* 28) Declined Draft:Marin Suljevic (v & athlete) by Lokithelizard2 21:14, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* 29) Declined Draft:Diana LeGrand (music) by WikiQik 21:18, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* 30) Accepted Draft:Clitocybula ellipsospora by FungiFriendly 23:21, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* 31) Accepted Draft:Alžbeta Ferencová by Newklear007 03:43, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
May 2023
* 1) Accepted Draft:Vier Lieder, Op. 2 by Chrismcl2234 23:46, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Miskafkasios (neo & dict) by 3rddegree1965 00:24, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:PITS Global Data Recovery Services (corp) by Nathan Archer 01:03, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Qwikfit (corp) by Qwikfitaustralia 08:19, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:Gender inequality in Nigeria (exists) by Sferguson11 04:17, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Bob's Sub (corp) by 3DPrintEnthusiast 04:32, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Declined Draft:Gudmund Stokke (lang) by MargitMM 10:56, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Rejected User:Puskarguptaind/sandbox by Puskarguptaind 10:59, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Stephen Okhutu (bio) by Okhutus 11:02, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:The Korea Review by Jellydrop 16:43, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Agradut Buddhist Organisation (lang) by Himelbarua24 20:48, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:Yoma Beatz (music) by Yoma Beatz 20:49, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Megamelus scutellaris by David Kinsler 21:43, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Kentucky glade cress by Olinga 22:21, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Accepted Draft:Tubbs (album) by Don-music 23:44, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Lasse Huittinen by HenriHa 01:33, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Accepted Draft:William Tennent Stockton by Amscheip 02:03, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Rejected User:Guccip2020/sandbox by Guccip2020 17:01, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Accepted Draft:Jabber Zeus by Eithersummer 17:15, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Accepted Draft:Julian Brave NoiseCat by Dtpsweeney 14:03, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Accepted Draft:Ruth Fuller Field by JSwift49 21:48, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Rejected Draft:Why basketball is the greatest sport in the world by NateMichael 22:49, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Declined User:SoyaebHossain/sandbox (blank) by SoyaebHossain 17:17, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:Taher Al-Mashareqa (bio) by Taher Tayseer Al-Mashareqa 13:44, 18 May 2023 (UTC)
* 25) Rejected Draft:Adrian Dolfi by ErinDolfi 13:45, 18 May 2023 (UTC)
* 26) Rejected Draft:Tamporical by <IP_ADDRESS> 17:59, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
* 27) Declined Draft:Maria Serena Palieri (lang) by <IP_ADDRESS> 18:00, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
* 28) Accepted Draft:Muḥammad Ibn Dāniyāl by Biguglyjd2 01:17, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 29) Accepted Draft:Svit se konča by 2A05:4F46:427:EF00:E814:4DBE:89F2:A97B 02:14, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 30) Accepted Draft:Luis Solari Tudela by Robinsonodora 04:03, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 31) Accepted Draft:Luana Muniz by Katherine.Holt 05:16, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 32) Accepted Draft:Rodolfo Camacho Viera by JohnMizuki 14:33, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 33) Accepted Draft:Nellie Choy Wong by Papayabear 16:46, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 34) Accepted Draft:Pace Pasini by <IP_ADDRESS> 18:19, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 35) Accepted Draft:Dominot by KamillaŚ 18:53, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
* 36) Accepted Draft:Winn Kelly Brooks by Perimeander 00:04, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
* 37) Rejected Draft:Subscriber wall by <IP_ADDRESS> 23:57, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
June 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:حليمة جادجي (lang) by Desertvert 07:25, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Accepted Draft:Ciro di Pers by <IP_ADDRESS> 23:32, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Accepted Draft:Frank Boyd by CamrynBell 19:29, 18 June 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Don.Schwan (v & music) by Don.Schwan 04:48, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:None Like Joshua (v & music) by Harmanbaidwan09 04:55, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Accepted Draft:National Institute of Science by CamrynBell 05:29, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:Lynn Birleffi by MoviesandTelevisionFan 06:56, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Accepted Draft:Taiwan New Cinema (New Taiwanese Cinema) by UWJSISA414TWA&C 20:15, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Accepted Draft:Denzil Angus Carty by CamrynBell 01:31, 29 June 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:Michael D. Williams (physicist) by CamrynBell 02:30, 29 June 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Rejected User:Moondrive(cannon)/sandbox by Moondrive 05:00, 29 June 2023 (UTC)
July 2023
* 1) Accepted Draft:Gong gong by <IP_ADDRESS> 03:02, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Accepted Draft:Paxamus by Kojak Savalas 03:26, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Accepted Draft:Azouaou Mammeri by Abzeronow 04:27, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Accepted Draft:Karaya by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:32, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Killing of Banko Brown by Combefere 05:51, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Ayush Mahatma (lang) by Ayush Mahatma 06:45, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:Pamela Kosh by 2001:BB6:4E52:7D00:5CE6:B6E2:4E06:219B 07:53, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Ohio memes (blank) by <IP_ADDRESS> 00:55, 6 July 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:PETER BECK (context) by BECK02 08:53, 16 July 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:Jo Livingstone by Sterlingjoyce 06:06, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Rejected Draft:Alicia Navarro by BookWorm73 20:50, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined User:UngeNiels/sandbox (bio & lang) by <IP_ADDRESS> 21:19, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Declined Draft:Sandy Liang (exists) by Luiysia 21:37, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Sandy Liang by Luiysia 22:12, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Rejected Draft:JR Johir by Jrjohir04 07:48, 30 July 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Glidden Pottery by Museumlovers 08:26, 30 July 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Jeon Wonwoo (bio) by Tesah900 09:03, 30 July 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Business Management System (nn) by Kanakaprabhath 09:22, 30 July 2023 (UTC)
August 2023
* 1) Accepted Draft:Doubleface by <IP_ADDRESS> 23:59, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Rejected Draft:Alex Jones Info Wars by Dr.Garbanzo 07:21, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Rejected Draft:Sujeet R Sharma by Sujeet R Sharma 07:23, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined User:AWU.DXB/sandbox (lang) by AWU.DXB 07:24, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Flag of Mato Grosso do Sul by BaduFerreira 09:21, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Accepted Draft:CCGS John Cabot (1965) by <IP_ADDRESS> 20:08, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:CCGS John Cabot (2020) by Gobonobo 02:21, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Accepted Draft:John Cabot (ship) by <IP_ADDRESS> 02:27, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Accepted Draft:CCGS John Cabot (set index) by <IP_ADDRESS> 02:37, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Declined User:Nanda safiq alfiansyah/sandbox (blank) by Nanda safiq alfiansyah 04:34, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Ramana Reddy Artist (v) by KKartist 10:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Accepted Draft:Los Lobos (gang) by Chomik1129 03:15, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Declined Draft:Pearl on the Rock (context) by Pearlontherock 11:20, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:Vectors in Financial Graph (nn & v) by Abdulrahimwong1982 11:51, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Charlie Gray photographer (v & bio) by SigmundaFreud 09:13, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Rejected Draft:DIVINE INTERPRETATION by Pullindi 10:44, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Mario Cuvi (lang) by Bibegal 11:15, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Rachel Tugutu (music) by Bleiomo 11:24, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Adrian Di Stefano (lang) by Tanoturco 03:04, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Rejected Draft:Marco Rezkalla The Autobiography by Marcorez123 03:07, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Declined User:Finnishwriter/sandbox (exists) by Finnishwriter 03:14, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Accepted Draft:Mildred M Jordan by SA KRP 03:49, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Accepted Draft:Abortion in Jordan by Sophiasgaler 05:06, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:Aabaar Khabo Bengali Sweet Shop (corp & adv) by Gowtampsv 06:35, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
September 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Punch Powertrain (v & corp) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:03, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Jordan P. Mancuso-Cermola (v & bio) by 2600:8805:E180:2B51:600E:FCE8:3E0D:B0CA 05:07, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Mahin Shaji (bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:12, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Accepted Draft:Orica (disambiguation) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:14, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Raque by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:27, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Accepted Draft:The Decline and Fall of by 2603:8001:4542:28FB:A122:2A00:B4A2:50D6 05:40, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Declined User:Akram Abdelhalim/sandbox (bio) by Akram Abdelhalim 08:17, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Ravidasan life (lang) by Tidalworldcontent 08:19, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Mega Harvest Music (music) by Jovay07 08:21, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Rejected User:Zzzzz07/sandbox by Zzzzz07 10:12, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Accepted Draft:Izannah Walker by Lubar 20:23, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:Herpanic (joke) by Fangzhou90 01:04, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:MKKK by <IP_ADDRESS> 14:48, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Epifanio Ferdinando by <IP_ADDRESS> 01:57, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:LGBT and Pedophilia (dup) by Anonymous1q 10:03, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Declined Draft:KASHMIR CONFLICT (exists) by Muzafaahmad 08:00, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Cricket (dict) by Sakib Ahmad wani 08:03, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Library (blank & context) by Irtiza Gulzar Ganaie 08:05, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:POETRY (exists) by Saqib Riyaz 08:06, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Declined Draft:FLOWING THROUGH PARIDISE (test) by Sofi Nadeem 08:08, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:Libraries (test) by Irtiza Gulzar Ganaie 08:09, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Declined Draft:History of kashmir (exists) by Sadatmubarak 08:10, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:Manuscripts in Kashmir (blank) by Saqib Riyaz 08:13, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:Lewer Knepfle (v) by JHvW 08:34, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
* 25) Accepted Draft:Mary Laura Chalk Rowles by Physhist 10:53, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
* 26) Rejected Draft:Bryan Religion of Truth by Natroncdxx 17:41, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
* 27) Accepted Draft:United States ex. rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy by <IP_ADDRESS> 20:40, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
October 2023
* 1) Rejected Draft:Md Zahid Hashan by Md Zahid Hashan 06:12, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Rejected Draft:Gul Sher Khan by <IP_ADDRESS> 07:02, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Samuel Omukoko (bio) by Mtaalamafrika 09:04, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Kartu Kredit Bank Mega (lang) by DewaFourthiza 09:05, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:Harry Diplock (music) by Beedlebard99 15:43, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Accepted Draft:2023 Homs drone strike by ThePaganUK 15:37, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Rejected Draft:Swordtt by Uortdr 15:47, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Shrek's Special Place (redirect) by 2605:8D80:6E3:7EEC:1630:B977:2877:4D0B 16:52, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Accepted Draft:Muldrow v. City of St. Louis, Missouri by Tinfoilhat8001 22:51, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Declined Draft:Noisecastle iii (dup) by RandomFX 02:53, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Lou et Sophie (lang) by MarcelDonald 03:13, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Accepted Draft:Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup? by Manipuri Mirror 10:55, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Julius Flohr by Vancouveright 04:34, 8 October 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Kinsale Drake by Ghgilbert 14:03, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Vikram Dharia (bio & v) by Chamelidevipinjore 06:06, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Declined Draft:Περίπτερο της Βαρκελώνης (lang) by <IP_ADDRESS> 06:07, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Lunamarchs 2024 (context) by Dj luna 27 06:11, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Rejected User:SkillsNoLogic/sandbox by SkillsNoLogic 16:53, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Javed khan Reodar (bio) by Javedkh3271 07:58, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Accepted Draft:Cloud-dwelling Spiny Pocket Mouse by Markwduchene 21:03, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:TRUCKRUN (corp) by Lengming2007 06:09, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Declined Draft:Georgia Abraham (bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 06:22, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:Billy Singh Rai (bio) by Billysingh127 06:29, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Accepted Draft:Amina Luqman-Dawson by CNMall41 07:10, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 25) Declined Draft:Komilov Jasurbek Rasuljon o'gli (lang) by Jasurbek004 07:26, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 26) Declined Draft:Sören Öman (context) by MR sörenöman123 07:28, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 27) Rejected Draft:Viacheslav Land by Sanctus Dominuss 07:31, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 28) Declined Draft:Matkiz (bio) by Spoky Jallow 07:34, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 29) Declined Draft:Old Time Sailors (music) by Katieoldtimesailors 08:43, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 30) Declined Draft:Buddhi Hansana (blank) by Buddhi2003 08:44, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 31) Declined Draft:Janam Raj (v & bio) by Sonu Deka 2010 08:53, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 32) Declined Draft:Spotis (web) by Simon Pirko 10:03, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 33) Declined Draft:Alexandra Germain (v & bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 10:07, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* 34) Declined User:AbuAmerFaisal/sandbox (test) by AbuAmerFaisal 06:36, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
* 35) Accepted Draft:William Warley by FloridaArmy 14:27, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
* 36) Accepted Draft:Health Services and Support – Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn. v British Columbia by WillowCity 20:04, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
* 37) Accepted Draft:Acremonium isabellae by Swarvegorilla 07:55, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
* 38) Declined Draft:Vehicles (exists) by EvilAWWALamborghiniVeneno 10:21, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
* 39) Declined Draft:Norbert Collins (v & bio) by Artpaintology 10:25, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
* 40) Declined Draft:Sheikh Rehan Shahid (bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 10:29, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
* 41) Accepted Draft:Square Joe by FloridaArmy 16:48, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
* 42) Declined Draft:Political views of Javier Milei (npov) by Pedantic Aristotle 11:18, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
* 43) Accepted Draft:Catachlorops rufescens by Lucky1660 11:45, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
* 44) Accepted Draft:Embassy of the United States, Brasília by Kjerish 01:04, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
* 45) Declined User:Gcavalier/sandbox (dup) by Gcavalier 01:07, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 46) Declined Draft:Greetings from Bend (nn) by TheCuratedConsumerJoshua 01:34, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 47) Rejected Draft:The profound effect of sacrifice in A Tale of Two Cities by Joel leoj17 02:43, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 48) Declined Draft:DoubleDown Interactive (v & corp) by KasaibouF29 02:45, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 49) Declined Draft:Sarah-Jane Burton (bio) by Drsjlburton16 02:52, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 50) Declined Draft:The Phone Up Studios Inc (dup) by MilesJ22 23:04, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* 51) Declined Draft:Haryanto Kandani (lang) by Philip gunawan 01:10, 24 October 2023 (UTC)
* 52) Declined Draft:Amirhossein Tabrizi (v) by Amirhossein Tabrizi 09:14, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 53) Accepted Draft:MACHO 80.7443.1718 by LaundryPizza03 09:31, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 54) Declined Draft:Practice Management v. American Medical Association (v) by David onway 09:44, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 55) Declined Draft:VandesKaani: A Mysterious Online Figure (bio) by Camilla Goodman 09:49, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 56) Declined Draft:Kumbirai Thierry Nhamo (bio) by Maisiersellers 09:54, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 57) Accepted Draft:Emmers by <IP_ADDRESS> 10:03, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 58) Declined User:Nasru Ethiopia/sandbox (blank) by Nasru Ethiopia 10:56, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 59) Accepted Draft:R v Advance Cutting & Coring Ltd. by WillowCity 16:46, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 60) Declined Draft:Israel and Golda Koschitzky Centre for Jewish Studies (v) by Little bird12 17:26, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
* 61) Declined User:Saimi Tariq Sandhu/sandbox (exists) by Saimi Tariq Sandhu 21:25, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
* 62) Declined User:Ludwigvanbeetroot/sandbox (context) by Ludwigvanbeetroot 21:45, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
* 63) Declined User:KHowardIsHere/sandbox (dup) by KHowardIsHere 23:23, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
* 64) Accepted Draft:Robert Card (disambiguation) by <IP_ADDRESS> 08:35, 27 October 2023 (UTC)
* 65) Declined Draft:Sexo, pudor y lágrimas 2 (v) by Evilkingnightmare666 08:49, 27 October 2023 (UTC)
* 66) Accepted Draft:Mounted Police Association of Ontario v Canada by WillowCity 09:15, 27 October 2023 (UTC)
November 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Pinsia (v & corp) by Canzara07 05:35, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Cabdiraxiin Asad (bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:41, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Alberto pereira de souza Júnior (bio) by Albertopereiradesouzajúnior 06:17, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Accepted Draft:Daptrius chimachima by Grey Clownfish 07:52, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:List of For All Mankind characters by IronMaximus 08:57, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 6) Accepted Draft:Jessica Borthwick by Urbanora 16:18, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 7) Declined Draft:Cinderford Town Trail (nn) by Johnathan11111 19:33, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Susan Botti (v) by Croshak 19:40, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:PSM Marketing (corp) by Psmmarketingllc 09:25, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:Carlos Scharff by Arawoke 16:16, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Johndel Sabalza (athlete) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:46, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:Lobsteria (nn) by RoMonaghan 05:51, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Jabaliya (disambiguation) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:56, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Skjold oil field by Alnitak3 06:50, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Perrin Myerson (v) by WhalesGarden 07:48, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 16) Declined Draft:Triste Nation (nn) by ZZupiop123 15:30, 3 November 2023 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Nexdata (corp) by DatatangAI 08:39, 4 November 2023 (UTC)
* 18) Accepted Draft:Nyquist v. Mauclet by Mall-Deb 10:06, 5 November 2023 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Skc (test) by Kumrazznish 11:24, 5 November 2023 (UTC)
* 20) Declined Draft:Adelphi (exists) by Melek-the-cat 08:45, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:Alireza Zare (lang) by Alireza Zare1373 09:39, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 22) Declined Draft:Inter Space Explorer (nn) by Baponkar 09:41, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:KSHP VLOGS YouTube Channel (v) by KSHP VLOGS YouTube Channel 12:00, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:POORAN MAL SABALANIYA (bio) by Rk8853558 12:01, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 25) Declined Draft:Quake Services (corp) by Talhashakeel374 12:07, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
* 26) Declined User:Oliver death/sandbox (v & athlete) by Oliver death 13:31, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
* 27) Declined Draft:J.t.djabeng (blank) by Johntettehdjabeng 13:31, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
* 28) Accepted Draft:Grok (chatbot) by <IP_ADDRESS> 02:44, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
* 29) Declined Draft:David Catalán (Fashion Designer) (dup) by Gabkopt 04:01, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
* 30) Accepted Draft:Phillips v. City of New York by JSwift49 14:48, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
* 31) Accepted Draft:Milestone thesis by Rafaelpedro1 16:56, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
* 32) Declined Draft:TellTails (nn) by Hannahgo86 13:56, 9 November 2023 (UTC)
* 33) Accepted Draft:Sandra Mae Frank by Bernhard.rulla 18:38, 9 November 2023 (UTC)
* 34) Declined User:Vivahfj/sandbox (blank) by Vivahfj 03:21, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
* 35) Declined Draft:Sandbox (dup) by Aquinn0126 09:56, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
* 36) Declined Draft:阙媛媛 (lang) by <IP_ADDRESS> 05:26, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
* 37) Declined Draft:Vikster (bio) by Chrsi 15:28, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
December 2023
* 1) Declined Draft:Andrew Benac (v) by SofiaBohdanowicz 15:27, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:BENI SALVADORI (v & bio) by LMRaskin 00:07, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Jitendra Sharma (bio & npov) by Taybu12 11:44, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Megan Mackle (v & bio) by Megan Mackie Author 15:27, 28 December 2023 (UTC)
January 2024
* 1) Accepted Draft:Diatrype virescens by Emrosie 00:54, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
* 2) Accepted Draft:Tara McGowan-Ross by Maybear34 04:17, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:MCB Adoracion (lang) by Aldoceballos 04:59, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
* 4) Declined User:Pamperprot/sandbox (lang) by Pamperprot 23:40, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:Pepsell (v & nn) by Priadko Rostislav 08:33, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:María Mendiola (bio) by FifthofFebruary-Tanya 04:59, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
February 2024
* 1) Accepted Draft:Dominican dembow by Evaporation123 08:43, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
March 2024
* 1) Accepted Draft:Yolanda's Law by Cleo1981 18:01, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
April 2024
* 1) Accepted Draft:An Army of Women by <IP_ADDRESS> 10:12, 4 April 2024 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Julie Patzwald (bio) by Scifimaster92 01:45, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Winner Ogu Ugochukwu (bio) by Ogu ugo1 15:25, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Zhou Wen Jun (designer) (bio) by AnBrown06 15:27, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Protected areas of Kiribati by MozzazzoM 15:37, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:EasyReply (corp) by Joshcadman01 21:28, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:Dorothea Trudel by Trudel1 08:27, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Jaum (bio) by Kicks of seven 09:01, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Armaan bedil (bio) by Kicks of seven 09:05, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 10) Declined Draft:Edward A. Newman (bio) by TheAMmollusc 09:09, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 11) Accepted Draft:Protected areas of Solomon Islands by MozzazzoM 09:16, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 12) Accepted Draft:Western Paradise Illustration by LIJIHENG 11:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Laurene Santley by FloridaArmy 16:52, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:John Doyle (bio) by Vanripj 17:10, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:द मार्स (भारतीय टीवी सीरीज) (lang) by Amirdelv 17:14, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Faustino Oro by <IP_ADDRESS> 17:21, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
* 17) Declined User:Lola Jin/sandbox (lang) by Lola Jin 03:04, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Next Level Deep Plane Face and Neck Lift (adv) by Ayemyatkinn 03:08, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:James V. Neel (exists) by McKinlieGray 03:13, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 20) Accepted Draft:Ciro Bustos by Sprachnaut 03:54, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 21) Declined User:Marinawang1001/sandbox (test) by Marinawang1001 04:20, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 22) Declined User:Dharamjit/sandbox (blank) by Dharamjit 04:21, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 23) Declined User:Edezu Solomon/sandbox (exists) by Edezu Solomon 04:24, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 24) Accepted Draft:Model 20 by <IP_ADDRESS> 04:26, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
* 25) Declined Draft:Banco Galicia (v) by Juankipedia20 11:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
* 26) Declined Draft:Drosera alba (v) by Betagamma5 19:02, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
* 27) Accepted Draft:Dignitas Infinita by MikeCongo 21:12, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
* 28) Declined Draft:Tomal Hossain Arfi (bio) by Happydayy0023 14:14, 17 April 2024 (UTC)
* 29) Accepted Draft:Goniozus omanensis by Pothos144 14:35, 17 April 2024 (UTC)
* 30) Accepted Draft:Hendricks v. Clemson University by PickleballPhD 01:22, 18 April 2024 (UTC)
* 31) Declined User:Yourlocalperson101/sandbox (bio) by Yourlocalperson101 21:34, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
* 32) Declined Draft:Morgan & McCoy Consulting Services (corp) by <IP_ADDRESS> 16:38, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
* 33) Declined Draft:Erin Byron (bio) by Erin Byron 16:40, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
* 34) Declined Draft:Tegumi Haldur (Windows) (lang) by WaylonOwens 16:43, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
* 35) Declined Draft:Racism in Kuwait (v) by FrankieCan 16:50, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
* 36) Declined Draft:René Legros (bio) by ItsMeGabeProductions 16:55, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
* 37) Declined Draft:Palestinian Popsicle-Stick Propaganda (neo & exists) by Squijello 16:08, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
* 38) Accepted Draft:Sarah Lewis (writer) by GnocchiFan 05:10, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
* 39) Declined Draft:Md Mahabur rahoman (v & bio) by Md Mahabur rahoman 05:30, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
May 2024
* 1) Declined Draft:Ivan Misner (bio) by Vreaab 19:31, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Abdullah nahyan (v & bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 19:32, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Famous Wiki (corp) by 2409:4061:6E34:1327:0:0:F0CA:A02 19:33, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Lyric Theatre of Oklahoma (v) by Tysonjwoodard 19:35, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 5) Accepted Draft:Oo Zun by <IP_ADDRESS> 19:47, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:Ukpolight seeds (v & adv) by Jarule047 20:19, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 7) Declined Draft:Famous (dup) by 2409:4061:6E34:1327:DDFC:A1ED:CAF8:109A 20:21, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Famous wiki (dup) by 2409:4061:6E34:1327:DDFC:A1ED:CAF8:109A 02:12, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Miles Stevens (bio) by 1998jpg 02:17, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:Mary Kate (disambiguation) by <IP_ADDRESS> 02:22, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* 11) Declined Draft:Funky Balls (exists) by Aomvy 02:43, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* 12) Declined Draft:Slanic corporation.inc (lang) by Slanic corporation.inc 21:18, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Dodonaea baueri by CycoMa1 08:29, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
* 14) Accepted Draft:Tamar of Imereti (died 1455) by Xxx2023 20:25, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
* 15) Declined Draft:Abhinav Gupta (bio) by AbhinavGupta546 15:38, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Ghatippus by Mediocre.marsupial 15:54, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
* 17) Accepted Draft:Zagidat Magomedbekova by Kttmrfobg 00:48, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
* 18) Declined User:Imran mirani/sandbox (blank) by Imran mirani 05:00, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
* 19) Accepted Draft:My Dress Hangs There by Mnmnop 16:21, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
* 20) Rejected User:Star1398105/sandbox by Star1398105 00:06, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
* 21) Accepted Draft:Emma Domb by Dalmationrotary 16:50, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
* 22) Accepted Draft:Rice, Arizona by Netherzone 20:56, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
* 23) Declined Draft:MLC Muhammad Aslam Banday (v & bio) by Zohaibbanday 15:36, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
* 24) Rejected Draft:Yasuke Samurai by <IP_ADDRESS> 15:20, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
* 25) Accepted Draft:Naomi Livesay by <IP_ADDRESS> 17:35, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
* 26) Rejected User:NohzatNaqibullah/sandbox by NohzatNaqibullah 07:18, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
* 27) Rejected User:Yash12007/sandbox by Yash12007 09:17, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
* 28) Accepted Draft:Trichorhina by SirBrahms 17:38, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
* 29) Accepted Draft:Trochocarpa disticha by Benpoortenaar 15:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
* 30) Declined Draft:Women's condition in Sudan (exists) by Freavene 09:05, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
* 31) Accepted Draft:Talkin' Out The Side of Your Neck by Crazyjonyjon465 09:18, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
* 32) Accepted Draft:Whites Only: Ade's Extremist Adventure by CardiffProds 10:24, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
* 33) Declined Draft:1,978,419,655,660,313,589,123,979 (nn) by I Drink Water n Cats 17:12, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
* 34) Declined Draft:Magnopus (adv) by MAG2024 22:18, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
June 2024
* 1) Declined User:Daotamthich/sandbox (lang) by Daotamthich 15:31, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
* 2) Declined Draft:Hayden Wilkinson (bio) by BalticSeal1209 16:24, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* 3) Accepted Draft:Tarsomys orientalis by Jp2593 16:40, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* 4) Declined Draft:Suyash Kumar (Indian Traveler) (bio) by Kumar9098 02:24, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 5) Declined Draft:Llluminated Cat Tower (v & nn) by Catreelight 03:04, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 6) Declined User:Jeidy26/sandbox (test) by Jeidy26 03:05, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:List of transgender public officeholders in the United States by Malvoliox 03:12, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:Eduardo de Arruda (lang) by Eduarrudaferes 03:26, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Rexgear Industrial Power Solutions (corp) by Ecsonrexgear 03:27, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 10) Accepted Draft:Stan Poray by Oceanchaos 03:55, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 11) Declined User:Ah anarul haque/sandbox (test) by Ah anarul haque 04:05, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 12) Declined User:Shilpabazari/sandbox (test) by Shilpabazari 04:47, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 13) Accepted Draft:Yang Sophorn by <IP_ADDRESS> 04:49, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:North West (exists) by JobyTohnston 10:24, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
* 15) Accepted Draft:Agenodesmus by HCUPa 21:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Jhala (surname) by 2404:3100:1818:9A84:1:0:DF6B:F0D5 22:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Shine Mit Co., ltd. (corp) by Refraiiiny 07:10, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Primavera Financial Services (corp) by Vincentprimavera 11:39, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
* 19) Declined Draft:Slave trade in the UK (exists) by <IP_ADDRESS> 11:49, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
* 20) Declined User:Housekeeping shashi/sandbox/Shashi housekeeping (bio) by Yellarao house keeping and mess 11:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:Bjak (corp & adv) by <IP_ADDRESS> 11:55, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
* 22) Rejected Draft:Dev kumar prajapati by 5066dk 10:27, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
* 23) Declined User:Tommaso tagrosmer/sandbox (context) by Tommaso tagrosmer 10:28, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:حيدر عبد الرزاق (lang) by Khuzaie75 14:46, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
* 25) Accepted Draft:MacAlpine Lake by Leprecauno5 17:42, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
* 26) Accepted Draft:Queer manicure by Orchastrattor 14:40, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
* 27) Accepted Draft:Juden (disambiguation) by <IP_ADDRESS> 15:29, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
* 28) Accepted Draft:Ohio v. Environmental Protection Agency by SupremeEditor1000 15:51, 29 June 2024 (UTC)
July 2024
* 1) Accepted Draft:Mary Livingston (disambiguation) by 2600:8807:A781:2E00:D970:F933:38A7:992D 19:51, 2 July 2024 (UTC)
* 2) Accepted Draft:CBGB's and the Birth of U.S. Punk by Fortunate Girl 07:25, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 3) Declined Draft:Yasir Fabrics (corp) by MuhammadSaleem0271 08:06, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 4) Declined User:RERE61/sandbox (context) by RERE61 08:07, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 5) Declined User:PGIIM/sandbox (corp) by PGIIM 08:09, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 6) Declined Draft:False Idol (band) (music) by JadenTravelling 08:11, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 7) Accepted Draft:The Louvre, Foggy Morning by Anfecaro 08:23, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 8) Declined Draft:आरासुरी अंबाजी मंदिर - आरासणा (सिरोही) राजस्थान (lang) by Tulsimali 08:31, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 9) Declined Draft:Jeiku The One (music) by Jeo Ayapana 08:33, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 10) Rejected Draft:Jeiku The One by Jeo Ayapana 08:44, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
* 11) Accepted Draft:Coalition of Cambodian Apparel Workers' Democratic Union by RosSamnang2024 09:51, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
* 12) Accepted Draft:D.C. Eagle by Satyridium 10:29, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
* 13) Declined Draft:Udapachar (v & bio) by <IP_ADDRESS> 13:22, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
* 14) Declined Draft:UAE-orchestrated smear scandal in Europe (exists) by <IP_ADDRESS> 13:58, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
* 15) Accepted Draft:Irma Cavat by <IP_ADDRESS> 11:21, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
* 16) Accepted Draft:Kenneth Gbagi by Manofthebiro 19:49, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
* 17) Declined Draft:Hailey Allshouse (bio) by 2603:6011:2800:4C64:E566:3723:C20C:3FBF 03:54, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 18) Declined Draft:Dannyele Teneel Leslie (context) by LHTD2009 03:55, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 19) Rejected Draft:Prachi Garella by PT4127 03:57, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 20) Declined Draft:Verve AI (corp) by Thisismaggie 03:57, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 21) Declined Draft:Snoot Game (nn) by The correctener 04:19, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 22) Accepted Draft:Piccard Mons by ReyP02 04:22, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 23) Declined User:Tayyab121/sandbox (bio) by Tayyab121 13:02, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 24) Declined Draft:Pressi Kiss (music) by John Dafolt 16:44, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 25) Declined Draft:Idksterling (bio) by Culgamer1234 18:19, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
* 26) Accepted Draft:Matuta victor by Sunyulowpedia 03:06, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
* 27) Declined Draft:Sumit Jangra (bio) by 2409:40D6:18:C4AB:719C:25D1:B171:3896 03:14, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
* 28) Declined Draft:LDSflow.com (web) by LatterdayFan 03:15, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
* 29) Declined Draft:André Larochelle (lang) by AubeGourdeau 03:59, 21 July 2024 (UTC)
* 30) Declined User:Joeyquism/sandbox4 (exists) by Jumpy542 22:28, 21 July 2024 (UTC)
* 31) Declined Draft:Tommynwow (bio) by Tommy0114 03:05, 22 July 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Ancylosis iranella
Ancylosis iranella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887, and was described from Iran, from which its species epithet is derived. It is also found in Turkey.
The wingspan is about 30 mm. | WIKI |
Page:The Religion of Ancient Egypt.djvu/145
eleven thousand and nine, I will comb them." The other man rather rudely replies, "Make haste, and none of your chatter, you prince of clod-hoppers!" The tomb in which this dialogue occurs is rich in texts of the same kind. It was here that Champollion found the "Song of the Oxen." But all these representations are really subordinate to one end, and that is the worship of the departed. The slaughter of the ox or the antelope is not introduced for its own sake, but really as a sacrifice; and the pictures of men bearing joints are on the point, as they are sometimes actually represented, of offering them to the image of the deceased. An endowment was always intended to provide for the celebration of these propitiatory services, as well as for keeping the tomb in perpetual repair.
The usual form of inscription over the lintel of the tomb, and which is often repeated within the chamber, is as follows:
"A royal table of propitiation grant Anubis, who dwells within the divine house. May sepulture be granted in the nether world, in the land of the divine Menti, the ancient, the good, the great, to him [the | WIKI |
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 18.djvu/63
thick mass of pure white limestone into several zones, and to correlate these zones with those which had already been established by continental geologists.
Altogether Evans was the author of eleven papers on geological subjects, eight of which appeared in the ‘Proceedings’ of the Geologists' Association, of which, in addition to the paper on the chalk mentioned above, we may specially name that on the ‘Geology of the neighbourhood of Portsmouth and Ryde’ as giving evidence of detailed and careful work. Of other work we may mention a sketch of the geology of Faringdon in the ‘Geologist’ for August 1866, and ‘Mill Hill in former Ages,’ written for the ‘Mill Hill Magazine.’ Many of Evans's papers were also published separately. Evans constructed several excellent geological models or relief maps, his method being to paste layer upon layer of cartridge paper so as to secure the necessary elevations, and then to colour the whole according to the outcrop of the rocks. His models of the valley of the Thames near London, of a part of the same on a larger scale, and one of the whole of England, are now in the possession of Mr. H. J. Lister of Eldon Road, Hampstead; a fine map or model of the country round Hastings is in the possession of the corporation of that town; he also constructed a model of the neighbourhood of Sidmouth. Evans's extensive collections of fossils were purchased by Mr. Ernest Westlake of Fordingbridge. Evans died 16 Sept. 1886.
[Information from relatives; Geological Mag. March 1887; Quart. Journ. Geological Society, President's Address, 1887.] EVANS, CHARLES SMART (1778–1849), vocalist and composer, was a chorister under Dr. Ayrton, and in 1808 a gentleman of the Chapel Royal. His name appears among the alto singers in the chorus of the ‘Ancient Concerts’ of 1798, and he took part with Braham and others in the music performed at Weber's funeral in 1826. Four of Evans's part-songs gained prizes from the Glee and Catch Clubs, namely: ‘Beauties, have you seen a toy?’ 1811; ‘Fill all the glasses,’ 1812; ‘Ode to the Memory of Samuel Webbe,’ 1817; and ‘Great Bacchus,’ 1821. Subsequently he became a catholic and a member of the choir of the chapel of the Portuguese embassy. Evans wrote a ‘Magnificat,’ and some motetts, contained in books iv. and v. of Novello's ‘Collection of Motetts.’ He was also the composer of many songs. He died 4 Jan. 1849.
[Gillow's Dict. of English Catholics, ii. 185; Grove, i. 498; Musical Recollections of the Last Half Century, i. 136; Programmes of the Ancient Concerts; Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review, viii. 127.] EVANS, CHRISTMAS (1766–1838), one of the great Welsh preachers, was born on Christmas day 1766, at a place called Ysgaerwen, in the parish of Llandyssul, Cardiganshire. His father, Samuel Evans, was a poor shoemaker, who, dying when his son was only nine years old, left him in a state of complete destitution. The next six years Christmas spent with his mother's uncle at Llanvihangel-ar-Arth in Carmarthenshire, ‘than whom,’ he says, ‘it would be difficult to find a more unconscionable man in the whole course of a wicked world.’ So he left him to become a farm servant at various places, and ultimately came under the influence of David Davies of Castellhywel, a well-known bard and schoolmaster, and the minister of a congregation of presbyterians fast slipping into unitarianism at Llwynrhydowen. Evans joined Llwynrhydowen Chapel, was taught a little by Davies in his school, learnt how to read Welsh, and acquired some knowledge of English; became religious, and began to preach. But as the strict rules of the presbyterians required an academical education for their ministers, he gradually gravitated towards the baptists, who had no such limitations, and in 1788 was baptised in the river Duar at Llanybyther in Carmarthenshire, and joined the baptist congregation at Aberduar. Before this he had seriously injured an eye in an affray in which he does not seem to have been to blame. He was now a regular preacher, and in 1789 was ordained as a sort of missionary to the scattered baptists of Lleyn, the peninsula of Carnarvonshire. Here he married Catherine Jones, a member of his congregation. They had no family. While there he was ‘converted’ during a preaching journey, and now began to preach with a power and earnestness of conviction that soon made him famous. In 1792 he removed to Anglesey to act as minister to all the baptist churches in the island. He lived at Llangevni, where the most important chapel was situated. Here he worked with great success, but a curious wave of Sandemanianism spread over Anglesey and greatly influenced rigid Calvinists like Evans. ‘The Sandemanian heresy afflicted me so much as to drive away the spirit of prayer for the salvation of sinners.’ After a time he regained his orthodoxy, and became the centre of a great baptist movement in Anglesey. Though for many years his salary was only 17l. a year, he ruled over the Anglesey baptists with a rod of iron; built new chapels, and made at least two long and | WIKI |
What Is A GIF Good For?
Can I make my own GIF?
Giphy App for iOS and Android You can create a GIF as well as post it publicly for others to use and share (if you’re into that).
To start, open the app and tap on the plus sign on the bottom.
Next, you’ll see a live preview of your GIF that you can trim and add text, effects or stickers to..
Are GIF files dangerous?
GIF files, for example, are data ranges that are rendered into a display buffer with minor processing and encoding. … Given that the most common GIF viewer is a web browser, as long as your browser is up to date, you should be safe from any infected GIF’s out there.
How does a GIF work?
Just find a GIF that you want and press the “copy link” button. Then, paste the link where you want to use your GIF. On most sites, the GIF will work automatically. Use Gboard: The Google Keyboard for Android, iPhone, and iPad has a built-in GIF function that allows you to use GIFs anywhere, even in text messages.
When should I use a GIF?
Use GIF when your graphic uses a relatively low number of colors, there are hard-edged shapes, large areas of solid color, or needs to make use of binary transparency. These exact same rules apply for 8-Bit PNG’s. You can think of them almost exactly like GIF files.
How can I make a GIF for free?
How to create a GIF without photoshopGIPHY’s GIF Maker. GIPHY, the company with the world’s largest library of animated GIFs, now offers a GIF Maker that is free and so much fun to use. … GIFs.com. … Imgur’s Video to GIF. … Boomerang for Instagram. … LICECap.
What programs make GIFs?
Part 2: Best Free Online GIF Creators You Should Try for FreePicasion. Picasion allows you to import photos or videos from Picasa, Flickr, or any other gallery. … GifPal. GifPal is a fully online user-friendly gif maker software tool. … Gickr. … MakeAGif. … Gimp. … UnFREEz.
Does GIF use a lot of data?
The files you share decide the amount of data used. A small file size in JPG format will use lesser data than a large file size GIF. However, GIFs with 256 colour limit can often yeild smaller file sizes.
How do you make a GIF on your phone?
How to create animated GIFs on AndroidStep 1: Press either the Select Video or Record Video button. … Step 2: Choose the section of the video you want to make into an animated GIF. … Step 3: Select the frames from the video you’d like to use. … Step 4: Tap the Create GIF text in the bottom right-hand corner to finalize the project.More items…•
Which is the best GIF app?
Top 7 Best Android GIF Apps – 2019GIPHY. GIPHY is essentially a library of GIFs. … GIF Maker, GIF Editor, Video Maker, Video to GIF. We’ve listed three GIF Maker apps here, and this is the most popular one. … GIF Keyboard by Tenor. … GIF Search. … GIF Maker – Video to GIF, GIF Editor. … Gif Me!
Is a GIF a video or image?
A GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) is an image format invented in 1987 by Steve Wilhite, a US software writer who was looking for a way to animate images in the smallest file size. In short, GIFs are a series of images or soundless video that will loop continuously and doesn’t require anyone to press play.
What situations is GIF bad at?
GIF: good for flat colors, bad for photographs However, its glitchy support for images with more details and colors (like a photograph) is a big drawback. GIF renders flat colors better compared to JPG. It has less noise and crispier edges than the JPG at the right.
What makes a good GIF?
A good GIF can be playful and full of dynamism, or it can be slow and smooth; whatever describes the feeling behind the moving images. The key is to understand what makes an eye-catching GIF and create a language that fits the mood of the message.
What exactly is a GIF?
The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF; /dʒɪf/ JIF or /ɡɪf/ GHIF) is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite on 15 June 1987.
What is the best free GIF maker?
GIF maker apps for both iPhone and AndroidGIPHY Cam. GIPHY Cam is an app developed by GIPHY, one of the biggest names in the GIF world. … Gif Me! Camera. … Pixel Animator: GIF Maker. Pixel Animator: GIF Maker puts a unique spin on GIF making by focusing specifically on pixel-based GIFs. … ImgPlay – GIF Maker. … Tumblr. … GIF Toaster.
How do I flip a GIF?
How to Rotate GIFs OnlineCopy a link or find a file. Upload a GIF file or import from a website like Giphy.Rotate. Use the rotation buttons to rotate 90 degrees or flip your GIF. You can also use the mouse to finely adjust the rotation to the desired degree.Export and Share. Hit Export to process the reoriented GIF.
How do you make GIFs smoother?
The key to the smoothness is the GIF frame delay time. Most computer displays run at 60fps (frames per second), so the best frame rates for smooth animation are 60fps and 30fps, or even 15fps if the motion is slow and you’re trying to create the smallest file possible.
Is GIF safe to use?
gif, and . png. 90% of the time these files are absolutely safe but sometimes they can be dangerous. Certain black hat hacking groups how found ways that they can sneak data and scripts inside of an image format.
What is the difference between a meme and a GIF?
The main difference between an animated gif and a meme is that memes tend to be static images that make a topical or pop culture reference and animated gifs are, more simply, moving images. You can find all the animated gif memes that your heart desires at website such as Giphy and Awesome Gifs.
How do I make a GIF from photos?
Let’s get started!Create a new file folder. … Open your files in Photoshop. … Arrange the layer files in Photoshop. … Create frames in the Animation Palette. … Change the duration of each frame. … Set the number of times that the GIF will play. … Save the GIF. … Test the GIF.
Is Giphy free?
It does not charge any money for the use of its apps. It is currently operating off the $20 million of venture capital money it has raised over the last two years. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Havanese dog
The Havanese, a bichon-type dog, is the national dog of Cuba, developed from the now extinct Blanquito de la Habana ("little white dog of Havana"). The Blanquito descended from the also now-extinct Bichón Tenerife. It is believed that the Blanquito was eventually cross-bred with other bichon types, including the poodle, to create what is now known as the Havanese. They are sometimes referred to as "Havana Silk Dogs", but this is a separate breed, which has been bred to meet the original Cuban standards.
Appearance
The Havanese is a toy dog with a silky coat. The height of the Havanese ranges from 8+1/2 to 11+1/2 in at the withers with 9 to 10+1/2 in being the ideal height. The body, measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks, is slightly longer than the height at the withers, giving the dog the appearance of being slightly longer than tall.
A unique aspect of the breed is the topline, which rises just slightly from withers to the croup, creating a topline that is straight but not level. Renowned for their flashy, lively gait, their strong rear drive and slightly shorter upper arm produce a springy motion rather than a far-reaching one. The angle of the topline does not change while moving at a natural gait.
The muzzle is full and tapers slightly at the nose. It does not have the appearance of being short or snipy. Length of skull measured from stop to point of occiput is equal to the length of muzzle. The top of the skull is rather flat and the back skull is rounded.
The length from foot to elbow is equal to the length from elbow to withers. The fore chest is pronounced. When in a standing position, the sternum lines up with the elbows, creating a deep chest. Ribs are well-sprung and the abdomen is moderately tucked up.
The Havanese has solid black eyes — except for the chocolate colored dogs which may have brown eyes — and almond-shaped lids surrounded by black pigment. The ears, when extended, reach halfway to the nose. They arc slightly upward at the base and hang down on the sides of the head without touching the face. The tail is carried arched forward up over the back. While the tail's long plume of hair falls on the body, the tail itself never touches the back.
Coat and color
Havanese have a long and furnished double coat. The coat is long, soft, lightweight, and silky. The Havanese coat is slightly wavy, profuse, and undulating. Unlike other double-coated breeds, the Havanese outer coat is neither coarse nor overly dense, but rather soft and light. The undercoat is sometimes completely absent. The Havanese coat should be very soft, almost cool to the touch, like silk.
The coat is shown naturally brushed out or corded, a technique which turns the long coat into cords of hair, similar to dreadlocks in humans.
Although there are a few arguments on whether the original Havanese were all white or of different colors, modern Havanese are acceptable in all coat colors and patterns. All colored dogs should have a black nose and black pigment around the eyes, with the exception of chocolate (brown) dogs, which may have dark brown pigment on their nose instead.
Health
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14.5 years compared to 12.7 years for purebreeds and 12 years for crossbreeds from a sample of 56 Havanese dogs.
Havanese suffer primarily from luxating patella, liver disease, heart disease, cataracts and retinal dysplasia.
The Havanese is predisposed to sebaceous adenitis.
A study of over 90,000 dogs attending the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital found the Havanese to be predisposed to portosystemic shunt: 4.35% of Havanese had the condition compared to 0.35% for mixed-breed dogs
History
The Havanese is a member of the bichon family of dogs. The progenitors of the breed are believed to have come from Tenerife. Ship manifests from Tenerife bound for Cuba list dogs as passengers brought aboard, and these dogs were most probably the dog of Tenerife. Some believe the entire bichon family of dogs can be traced back to the Tenerife dog, while others theorize that the origins are in Malta, citing the writings of Aristotle, and other historical evidence of the early presence of such dogs in Malta. Whatever the actual origins of bichon dogs, these little dogs soon became devoted companions to the Spanish colonists in Cuba and were highly admired by the nobility.
As part of the Cuban Revolution, upper-class Cubans and others marked out for annihilation by the communists fled to the United States, but few were able to bring their dogs. When American breeders became interested in this rare and charming dog in the 1970s, the US gene pool was only 11 dogs. The American Kennel Club (AKC) only officially recognized the Havanese breed in 1996.
With dedicated breeding, and the acquisition of some new dogs internationally, the Havanese has made a huge comeback and is one of the fastest growing breeds of dogs in the AKC. The 2013 AKC statistics rank the Havanese as the 25th most popular pure-breed in the United States, a rise in popularity from 28th place in 2012.
Activities
Because of the Havanese's friendly and readily trained nature, it is used for a variety of jobs involving the public, including therapy dogs, assistance dogs, such as signal dogs for the hearing impaired, performing dogs, mold and termite detection, and tracking.
Havanese also compete in a variety of dog sports, such as dog agility, flyball, musical canine freestyle, and obedience training.
As show dogs
The breed standard notes that except for slight trimming around the feet to allow for a tidy foot, they are to be shown untrimmed; any further trimming, back-combing, or other fussing is against type and will not be allowed to the point of precluding placement in dog shows. The breed standard specifies that the tail may not be docked. The American Kennel Club Standard allows head furnishings above each eye to be held in two small braids secured with plain elastic bands. | WIKI |
SNCF 232.U.1
SNCF 232.U.1 is a French steam locomotive of the Hudson type.
It was built as part of a new locomotive program designed for the Chemins de Fer du Nord that was delayed by the outbreak of the Second World War. Its particular design distinguishes it in the small series of delivered machines, which makes it a unique model. Delivered in 1949, it was retired from service in 1961. It has since been restored and is now preserved at the Cité du Train in Mulhouse, where it is fired up every 20–30 minutes in a display showing how connecting rods work to propel the locomotive.
History
The locomotive was first built as part of an order with the Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques in 1935. Construction was delayed by the war and wouldn't continue until 1949 when the unit was completed by Corpet-Louvet, incorporating a number of upgrades. This particular locomotive worked the Paris-Lille mainline from 1949 to 1961.
Designed under the supervision of Marc de Caso, the locomotive incorporated the latest technology available at the time, including four sets of piston valves driven by outside mounted Walschaerts valve gear, roller bearings on the axles, simplified controls and a mechanical stoker. While highly effective, the SNCF was focusing on electrification at the time; 232.U.1 would be the only example built. It worked the Paris-Lille line with seven other locomotives from the classes 232.S and 232.R. 232.U.1 would be the last mainline steam locomotive built in France. | WIKI |
Anthony Lamb (basketball)
Anthony Miles Lamb (born January 20, 1998) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the New Zealand Breakers of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the Vermont Catamounts.
Early life and high school career
Lamb moved to Rochester, New York at a young age. He attended Greece Athena High School in nearby Greece, New York, where he competed on the basketball team under coach Jim Johnson. As a junior, Lamb averaged 20 points and 13 rebounds per game in leading the team to the Class A state final. He was the only returning starter as a senior and posted 30 points and 17 rebounds per game. Lamb led the team to a number-one ranking in New York and an appearance in the Section V Class AI final. He was one of the finalists for New York Mr. Basketball and was twice named Greater Rochester Player of the Year.
College career
In his first game at Vermont, Lamb scored 23 points on 8-of-12 shooting and collected nine rebounds in a 94–70 win against Quinnipiac. This earned him America East Rookie of the Week recognition. He had his first double-double with 14 points and 14 rebounds against UMass Lowell on January 19, 2017. Lamb averaged 11.9 points and 5.2 rebounds per game as a freshman. He was named to the Second–team All-America East and America East Rookie of the Year.
Lamb missed half of his sophomore season with a foot injury. He averaged 14.3 points and 5.0 rebounds per game.
Lamb scored a career-high 42 points in an 83–76 double-overtime win against St. Bonaventure on December 18, 2018. As a junior, Lamb averaged 21.2 points, 7.8 rebounds, and 2.3 assists per game and led Vermont to a 27–7 record. He was named America East Player of the Year and was an AP Honorable Mention All-American. Lamb was named America East tournament MOP after scoring 28 points in the championship against UMBC.
On November 16, 2019, Lamb scored 23 points including the game-winning shot over two defenders to take down St. John's. This marked the first time Vermont beat a high-major program in over a decade. Lamb upped his point total from his previous outing by scoring 30 points including 25 after halftime on November 19, 2019, in a 61–55 loss to defending national champion Virginia. At the close of the regular season, Lamb repeated as America East Player of the Year.
Canton Charge (2021)
After going undrafted in the 2020 NBA draft, Lamb was signed to a training camp contract by the Detroit Pistons on December 2, 2020. He was waived on December 14 after appearing in 1 preseason game. Lamb then signed with the Canton Charge of the NBA G League after being drafted sixth overall in the 2021 NBA G League draft.
Rio Grande Valley Vipers (2021)
On February 25, 2021, Lamb was traded to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers. At the end of the season, Lamb was named the G League's Most Improved Player.
Houston Rockets (2021)
On March 8, 2021, Lamb signed a two-way contract with the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) after the Vipers were eliminated from the G League playoffs. Lamb made his NBA debut on March 11, 2021, scoring three points and with one rebound in 13 minutes played. His appearance made him the first player from UVM to play in a regular-season NBA game. On April 24, 2021, he was one of seven healthy players available for the Rockets and scored a career-high 21 points in a loss to the Denver Nuggets. Lamb joined the Rockets for the 2021 NBA Summer League, and on September 4, 2021, the Rockets announced that they had signed Lamb to another two-way contract. He was waived on October 18 after appearing in 1 preseason game.
Return to Rio Grande Valley / San Antonio Spurs (2021–2022)
On November 3, 2021, Lamb re-signed with the Rio Grande Valley Vipers as a returning player. He averaged 15.0 points, 5.6 rebounds, and 2.9 assists per game.
On January 6, 2022, Lamb signed a 10-day contract with the San Antonio Spurs via the hardship exemption. He appeared in two games for the Spurs, and following the expiration of the 10-day contract, he returned to the Vipers.
On March 23, 2022, the Houston Rockets signed Lamb to a two-way contract. He did not appear in a game, and became a free agent at the conclusion of the season.
Golden State Warriors (2022–2023)
Lamb once again joined the Houston Rockets for the 2022 NBA Summer League. On October 5, 2022, Lamb signed an Exhibit 10 contract with the Golden State Warriors. On October 14, his contract was converted into a two-way contract. On March 17, 2023, Lamb's deal was converted into a standard NBA contract.
New Zealand Breakers (2023–2024)
On October 10, 2023, Lamb signed with the New Zealand Breakers of the National Basketball League (NBL) as an injury replacement for Justinian Jessup. On February 4, 2024, Lamb ruptured his Achilles in a game against the Perth Wildcats, ending his season.
Personal life
Lamb is the son of Rachel Lamb, who gave birth to him at the age of 17. She is a Union Roofer after previously working as a CNA. He first met his biological father, Nate Larkins, in November 2017. Lamb has a younger brother, Timothy. Lamb has been public about his struggle with clinical depression, including suicidal thoughts.
Rape accusation and lawsuit
In 2021, Lamb was accused of committing rape while at the University of Vermont. In December 2022, Lamb was named in a lawsuit against the University of Vermont where one of the plaintiffs alleged that she was anally raped by him; Lamb was not included as a defendant. The University of Vermont was accused of purposefully mishandling the investigation to protect Lamb's reputation. | WIKI |
Talk:Diascopy
Article rewrite
Upon my arrival, this article has no references; therefore, I have removed the uncited text, and added a strict definition of what diascopy is. I hope I have not stepped on any toes here, and would love help with this article. Please just cite your sources. Thanks! Kilbad (talk) 18:22, 16 October 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Aliasha820
Hey guys this page will be telling you all about my life. :) well first of all my name is ali asha and am very young i go to this horrible school (fir vale). i live with my family (mum,dad,brothers and my uncle). am a muslim girl who worships the ONLY ONE god that created everyone and everything in this universe. am happy with my life because Allah is in my life. :D Thanxx 4 reading it. | WIKI |
Kirrama National Park
Kirrama National Park is a national park in Minnamoolka, Tablelands Region of Far North Queensland, Australia. The park protects rugged mountain landscapes, lush tropical rainforest and open eucalypt forests.
It forms part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. The park lies with the water catchment area of the Burdekin River. There are a diverse range of plants and animals found in the area.
Access
Access to the park is provided by the Kennedy Development Road south of Mount Garnet. In 2011, access to the park was restricted when Kirrama Range Road was closed. The historic gravel track and numerous bridges were damaged by floods after Cyclone Yasi passed through the area in early 2011.
Facilities
There are no facilities in the park except for the Society Flat rainforest walk which consists of a 720 m long circuit. Camping is not permitted within the park. | WIKI |
Page:Protestant Exiles from France Agnew vol 2.djvu/242
our language, it was thought improper to place him in the greatest preferment in this city. However, it was then fixed that he should have the next deanery that fell, which happened to be that of Killaloo, which was given him with one or two little things to make him amends for its falling short of the other deanery, and with those helps he had but about half the value of what had been designed him. At first he made about £240 per ann. of his preferment, but afterwards, upon a great scarcity of money here, was obliged to let his preferments during his incumbency for about £120 per ann., which I find was a pretty common case at that time with a great many other clergymen. He had afterwards repeated promises of having somewhat farther done for him, but nothing beyond promises. As this is but a small income, and now he grows old, he finds he wants an amanuensis to assist him in his studies, he would gladly have somewhat better either here or in England. He has firmly adhered to His Majesty’s interest here in the day of trial, and is every way a worthy man. I shall do my endeavour to serve him here, but as opportunities may not offer here so soon, he desired I would recommend him to your lordship, in hopes somewhat might be done for him in England.
“He would hope (if that consideration may be of service to him) that as his preferments are all in the gift of the government, they might easily be obtained for some friend of your lordship’s, if the dean had somewhat given him in England.
“I take the liberty to recommend him to your lordship’s favour and countenance, and if it shall lie in your way to help him to somewhat in England that may be a honourable subsistence to him the small remainder of life he is likely to live, you will do a kindness to a person of merit, and very much oblige, &c,
.
The Dean’s visit to England was his adieu to Ireland. In 1727 he issued a prospectus for publishing all his writings in four volumes 4to, containing a complete collection of his printed works, with the addition of several others prepared for the press. “But before he could bring his design to bear he was taken away by death.” He died at Marylebone on the 25th of September 1727, aged seventy-three. “He had,” says Dr. Kippis, “great natural abilities, improved by a large stock of solid and useful learning, was a most zealous Protestant, and, without flattery, one of the most eloquent men in the age in which he lived.”
Among the refugees of Portarlington lived Cornet Daniel D’Abbadie, half-pay of the Earl of Galway’s Horse; his annual pension in 1719 was £27, 7s. 6d.; and in 1723, £36, 10s.
A refugee family is thus enumerated in one of the lists of naturalisations, René Bertheau (clerk), Martha his wife, Charles their son, and Martha their daughter. The father had been a minister at Montpellier. The date of naturalisation was 15th April 1687 (List xiii.); but they probably came to England sooner, as the venerable refugee was made a Doctor of Divinity in Oxford in 1686. The following is Anthony Wood’s memorandum:— “November 18th, 1686. René Bertheau, late minister of the Reformed Church in the University of Montpellier, in France, was created D.D. by virtue of the letters of the Chancellor of the University, who had a little before received letters of recommendation in his behalf from the Lord High Treasurer of England (Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester), as “a man of great reputation in his own country, and very eminent both for learning and piety,” &c.
The daughter Martha was married in 1691 to Lieutenant Claude Mercier, a cavalry officer, and their son became the representative of the family. The high reputation of the son, the Rev. Charles Bertheau, may be inferred from his receiving a place in the Biographia Britannica. I copy the article:—
“Charles Bertheau, an eminent and ingenious French Protestant divine, long resident in the city of London, was born in the year 1660 at Montpellier, where his father was minister. He studied philosophy and divinity partly in France, and partly in Holland, and was admitted a minister in the Synod held in Vigan in 1681, being then only twenty-one years of age. He was, the next year, chosen pastor to the church at Montpellier; but he did not make any long stay in that city; for he was soon after promoted to be one of the ministers of the church of Paris which met at Charenton. He continued in that station about two years; and though he was yet in very early life, he discharged the pastoral duties, to which he was called, in a manner greatly to his reputation. But when Louis XIV. thought proper, by the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, to drive his Protestant subjects out of France — an act equally repugnant to justice, humanity, and the dictates of sound policy — Mr. Bertheau found himself obliged to quit his native country. He accordingly came to England in 1685, and the following year was chosen one of the ministers of the Walloon Church, in Threadneedle Street, in the city of London, where he discharged the duties of the pastoral office for about forty-four years, in such a manner as procured very general applause. He died on the 25th December 1732, in the seventy-third year of his age, exceedingly regretted by his | WIKI |
CRH Medical Corporation Announces Majority Purchase of Western Ohio Sedation Associates
VANCOUVER, May 1, 2018 /PRNewswire/ - CRH Medical Corporation (TSX: CRH) (NYSE MKT: CRHM) (the "Company"), announces that it has completed an accretive transaction whereby CRH has acquired a 51% interest in a gastroenterology ("GI") anesthesia practice in Dayton, Ohio ("Western Ohio").
Western Ohio provides anesthesia services to three ambulatory surgical centers and is CRH's first acquisition in the state of Ohio. The transaction was financed through a combination of CRH's credit facility and cash on hand.
Western Ohio transaction highlights:
Estimated annual revenue of US$5.3 million EBITDA and cash flow accretive
Edward Wright, CEO of CRH, commented on the transaction, "We are very pleased to have completed another accretive acquisition in 2018. Western Ohio is an existing O'Regan customer and our first acquisition in Ohio. We look forward to continuing to leverage the strength of our O'Regan relationships to further expand our anesthesia business."
About CRH Medical Corporation:
CRH Medical Corporation is a North American company focused on providing gastroenterologists throughout the United States with innovative services and products for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. In 2014, CRH became a full-service gastroenterology anesthesia company that provides anesthesia services for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures in ambulatory surgical centers. To date, CRH has completed 17 anesthesia acquisitions. CRH now serves 39 ambulatory surgical centers in nine states and performs approximately 272,000 procedures annually. In addition, CRH owns the CRH O'Regan System, a single-use, disposable, hemorrhoid banding technology that is safe and highly effective in treating all grades of hemorrhoids. CRH distributes the O'Regan System, treatment protocols, operational and marketing expertise as a complete, turnkey package directly to gastroenterology practices, creating meaningful relationships with the gastroenterologists it serves. CRH's O'Regan System is currently used in all 48 lower US states.
Forward-looking statements:
Statements contained herein that are not based on historical or current fact, including without limitation statements containing the words "anticipates," "believes," "may," "continues," "estimates," "should," "plan," "expects," "expected", and "will" and words of similar import, constitute " " within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Canadian securities laws. Readers are also cautioned regarding statements discussing estimated revenues and future growth of the acquired business; profitability; anticipated benefits; growth strategies; anticipated trends in our industry; our future financing plans; and our anticipated needs for working capital. Such involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, events or developments to be materially different from any future results, events or developments expressed or implied by such . Such include the expected future revenue, anticipated benefits of the acquisition, successful completion of additional acquisitions, increasing revenue and operating EBITDA, continued growth of our business and our ability to leverage our existing operations and capabilities. Such are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including risks related to integration of Community, the JV structure; contractual risks related to the duration of anesthesia services agreements and the risk factors identified in CRH's filings with the Canadian and U.S. securities regulators. Although CRH believes that expectations conveyed by the are reasonable based on the information available to it on the date such statements were made, no assurances can be given as to the future results, approvals or achievements. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such . CRH does not assume the obligation to update any except as otherwise required by applicable law.
For a complete discussion of the Company's business including the assumptions and risks set out above, see the Company's most recent Annual Information Form which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com .
View original content: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/crh-medical-corporation-announces-majority-purchase-of-western-ohio-sedation-associates-300639628.html
SOURCE CRH Medical Corporation | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Coping With Heart Failure
Living with heart failure is an ongoing undertaking, one that is as important as medical treatment. Most people who have heart failure experience chronic physical symptoms and may be limited in the kinds and amount of activity they can safely manage. This in turn can have an affect on quality of life and bring on mental and emotional health issues such as depression and anxiety. But despite the challenges, coping with heart failure requires developing lifestyle habits that are likely to improve your overall health and well-being.
How to Cope With Heart Failure
Ellen Lindner / Verywell
Physical
A key to living well with heart failure is carefully monitoring yourself for symptoms that suggest your condition may be changing or getting worse and indicate a need to get in touch with your healthcare team right away. Often all that is needed is a change in medication or some other relatively simple fix.
Symptoms of worsening heart failure include:
• Swelling (edema) of feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen
• Weight gain—often is a sign of fluid retention
• Persistent coughing that produces white or pink blood-tinged mucus.
• Shortness of breath during activity, at rest, or even during sleep caused by an accumulation of fluid in the lungs
• Weakness or fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Cognitive changes—confusion, memory loss, or disorientation
• Racing heart
• Chest pain
Diet and Exercise
There are concrete actions you can take in your daily life to prevent your heart failure from worsening and to improve your overall health and well-being:
• Diet: For most people with heart failure, adopting a heart-healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean-style diet, can trim excess pounds and help keep them. This approach to eating also reduces blood vessel inflammation that often contributes to heart disease. Cutting back on salt is also key to managing cardiac problems and preventing fluid retention.
• Weight loss: If you're overweight, losing the excess pounds will put less strain on your heart. Weigh yourself daily so extra pounds don't sneak up on you.
• Exercise: This doesn't mean sweating for hours in a gym. Regular, moderate exercise can improve overall cardiovascular health and reduce strain on your heart and can be accomplished with walking, using an exercise bike, stretching, or lifting light weights. If you have not exercised in awhile, ask your healthcare provider about beginning with a formal cardiac rehab program. Avoid exercising in extreme heat or cold.
Other Lifestyle Changes
Certain habits can have a serious impact on heart health and would best be broken:
• Smoking: Exposure to smoke causes damage to your blood vessels, including the coronary arteries. If you smoke, it is critical to your health that you quit.
• Drinking alcohol: Alcohol can be toxic to the heart muscle, and in some people, cause dilated cardiomyopathy. You may not need to quit drinking altogether; talk to your healthcare provider about how much and how often you drink so they can guide you in whether you need to cut back and how.
Emotional
Heart failure can have an emotional impact—both at the time of diagnosis and treatment as well as on a day-to-day basis. Your heart failure symptoms may prevent you from engaging in activities you may have enjoyed before or make them more challenging. And you may feel overwhelmed by having to adjust to living with a chronic condition.
Coping with emotional issues begins with identifying them and then using effective strategies to modify them. Therefore it is important to seek professional attention, openly explain your symptoms to a healthcare professional, and follow any recommended therapy or prescribed medication.
Common emotional issues associated with heart failure include:
• Stress: Emotional stress that goes unrecognized or untreated can raise blood pressure and exacerbate coronary artery disease (CAD), both of which worsen heart failure. Try to avoid unnecessary stress—for example, if your rush-hour commute leaves you feeling wound up before you even get to work, leave half an hour earlier so you can take your time. Adopt mind-soothing daily practices such as yoga or meditation. Turn off your TV or other devices well before bedtime so you can sleep more soundly.
• Depression: Heart failure increases the risk of chronic depression. If you experience sadness, guilt, a lack of hope for the future, or a sense that you are a burden, you may be depressed. If you have signs of depression for more than a week, reach out to your healthcare provider or a mental health professional.
Social
The physical limitations of heart failure can make it difficult for you to get around like you used to. You may find yourself bowing out of social activities because of lack of energy or shortness of breath, for example. Such social adjustments can be isolating and lonely.
If you have heart failure, you may find it helpful to network with people going through the same experience. In a heart failure support group, you can learn various strategies that have worked for others in terms of managing lifestyle changes, taking medications, dealing with complications and side effects, working with insurers, and more.
Your healthcare provider or hospital may be able to recommend a local heart failure support group, or you can check with the Heart Failure Society of America or the American Heart Association.
Prioritizing and planning get-togethers that are doable for you is essential to keeping up social ties—and a necessary effort for your overall happiness.
Consider viewing life in a different light: You might not be able to participate in family events or activities with your friends as often or for as long as you used to, but that doesn't necessarily mean these opportunities are entirely off-limits. Additional ways you may engage with others include:
• Selecting activities that are near to your home
• Attending a function, but volunteering to take part only in activities that don't tire you out
• Feeling comfortable leaving an activity early if you're not feeling well
• Virtually connecting with friends and loved ones on video chats
Practical Considerations
When it comes to living with heart failure, there are several practical considerations related to the logistics of managing your condition. Developing a system for taking your medications, monitoring your health, and keeping track of your progress are just a few.
Medications
Heart failure can require a complicated drug regimen. It is essential to have a system that can help you remember to take the necessary medications and the right dosage.
Keep a current list of all the medications your healthcare provider has prescribed so that you can share that information with other healthcare providers. This list should include the brand name and generic name of each drug, the prescribed dose, the time you are supposed to take it, what it is for, possible side effects, and which side effects need to be reported to your healthcare team right away. This information can be obtained from your practitioner or pharmacist if you don't have it already.
To make sure you take your medications on time, keep a simple daily checklist or use a smartphone calendar reminder or app. Alternatively, you can use a special dispenser that portions out medication by day.
Other important tips:
• Never change your medicines or doses without discussing it first with your healthcare provider. Heart failure medications interact with one another, and even a simple change can have far-reaching consequences.
• Ask your healthcare provider what to do if you inadvertently skip a dose of one of your medications. Your practitioner may have instructions that differ from those on package inserts depending on the drug.
• If you travel, make sure you have enough medicine with you to get you through your entire trip. When flying, put your medications in your carry-on bag rather than in a checked suitcase.
Heart Failure Doctor Discussion Guide
Get our printable guide for your next doctor's appointment to help you ask the right questions.
Doctor Discussion Guide Old Man
Personal Technology
There are numerous options for technology that can help you better manage your heart failure. There are devices, apps, and tools you may consider using, in addition to your routine medical care, to monitor your condition:
• At-home vital signs: Automated blood pressure devices or pulsometers are reasonably accurate and easy to find.
• Fitness trackers: Wearable devices such as Fitbit, Apple Watch, and others, in addition to smartphone apps, can help you get sufficient exercise each day. These devices measure your steps, distance walked, calories burned, heart rate, and can chart your history.
• Data collection tools: Technology can help you record and track various aspects of your health so that you, your healthcare provider, or a specialist can observe trends over time and modify your management plan accordingly if needed. Wireless weight scales that sync to your phone are one example, as are digital food logs.
• Mobile heart function: Some smartwatches can measure your heart rate and alert you if your sustained heart rate goes above a threshold value. Combined with a device such as the Kardiaband from AliveCor, the Apple Watch can even record and transmit an ECG so that a practitioner can pinpoint what kind of heart rhythm is associated with the rapid heart rate. These devices may turn out to be particularly useful if you are having unexplained episodes of palpitations or dizziness.
A Word From Verywell
Coping with heart failure has challenges. But there are many options at hand to stay on top of your heart failure and still have an active life. You may want to enlist loved ones to assist you if you feel overwhelmed. Your healthcare provider can also provide resources to help you cope better.
Frequently Asked Questions
• How long do most people live after being diagnosed with heart failure?
Epidemiological studies show that 80% to 90% of people with chronic heart failure are alive one year after being diagnosed, 50% to 60% survive for five years, and 30% are still living after 10 years.
• Can heart failure be reversed?
Heart failure is a chronic condition. That said, with proper treatment, it's possible to improve a low ejection fraction (EF)—the percentage of blood in the heart is able to pump out with each beat. This translates to fewer symptoms, reduced risk of hospitalization, and better outcomes.
• How common is heart failure?
Very, and it's on the rise as the population ages. Between 2013 and 2016, an estimated 5.7 million people in the United States age 20 and older were diagnosed with heart failure. Between 2013 and 2016, the number had risen to 6.2 million people.
7 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
1. American Heart Association. Warning signs of heart failure.
2. American Heart Association. Lifestyle changes for heart failure.
3. Fioranelli M, Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, Bianchi M, Rovesti M, Roccia MG. Stress and inflammation in coronary artery disease: A review psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-based. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2031. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02031
4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Heart disease and depression: A two-way relationship.
5. Jones NR, Hobbs FR, Taylor CJ. Prognosis following a diagnosis of heart failure and the role of primary care: a review of the literatureBJGP Open. 2017;1(3):bjgpopen17X101013. doi:10.3399/bjgpopen17X101013
6. American Heart Association. How can I improve my low ejection fraction?
7. Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the american heart associationCirculation. 2020;141(9):e139-e596. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757
Additional Reading
By Richard N. Fogoros, MD
Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified in internal medicine, clinical cardiology, and clinical electrophysiology. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ningol Chakkouba
Ningol Chakkouba, also known as , is a traditional Meitei festival, celebrated on the second day of the lunar month of Hiyangei (October–November). It is a celebration of bond of love between married women and their paternal families. It is celebrated by members of the Indian diaspora in western countries, like Australia and Canada, and in many Indian cities outside Manipur, including to Bangalore, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Shillong, and Silchar,
Celebration
Married women visit their parental homes and partake in a feast (chakkouba) with their brothers and other family members. After the feast, they are given gifts by their brothers, fathers, uncles, and other male family members. The women also take gifts to their families.
Though originally celebrated by the Meitei people, Ningol Chakkouba is now celebrated across Manipur and in other regions of Manipuri settlement by a number of ethnic groups. | WIKI |
User:VoiceOfThePpl
Is it true that going to school is a scam? Where will the case of certificate forgery against Hon. Lawal Idrisu end? Posterity will speak. | WIKI |
Kevin Ryde > Math-PlanePath > Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres
Download:
Math-PlanePath-115.tar.gz
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Module Version: 115 Source
NAME ^
Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres -- self-similar "plus" shape centres
SYNOPSIS ^
use Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres;
my $path = Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres->new;
my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
DESCRIPTION ^
This a self-similar curve tracing out a "+" shape like the QuintetCurve but taking the centre of each square visited by that curve.
92 12
/ |
124-... 93 91--90 88 11
| \ \ / \
122-123 120 102 94 82 89 86--87 10
\ / | / | / / | |
121 119 103 101-100 95 81 83--84--85 9
\ \ \ \ \
114-115-116 118 104 32 99--98 96 80 78 8
| |/ / / | |/ |/ \
112-113 110 117 105 31 33--34 97 36 79 76--77 7
\ / \ \ \ \ / \ |
111 109-108 106 30 42 35 38--37 75 6
|/ / / | | /
107 29 43 41--40--39 74 5
\ \ |
24--25--26 28 44 46 72--73 70 68 4
| |/ |/ \ \ / \ / \
22--23 20 27 18 45 48--47 71 56 69 66--67 3
\ / \ / \ | / \ |
21 6 19 16--17 49 54--55 58--57 65 2
/ \ | | \ | /
4-- 5 8-- 7 15 50--51 53 59 64 1
\ | / |/ | \
0-- 1 3 9 14 52 60--61 63 <- Y=0
|/ | \ |/
2 10--11 13 62 -1
|/
12 -2
^
-1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The base figure is the initial the initial N=0 to N=4. It fills a "+" shape as
.....
. .
. 4 .
. \.
........\....
. . .\ .
. 0---1 . 3 .
. . | ./ .
......|./....
. |/.
. 2 .
. .
.....
Arms
The optional arms parameter can give up to four copies of the curve, each advancing successively. For example arms=>4 is as follows. Notice the N=4*k points are the plain curve, and N=4*k+1, N=4*k+2 and N=4*k+3 are rotated copies of it.
69 ... 7
/ | \
121 113 73 65--61 53 120 6
/ \ / \ \ \ / \ /
... 117 105-109 77 29 57 45--49 116 5
| / / | | \
101 81 25 33--37--41 96-100-104 112 4
| \ \ | |/
50 97--93 85 21 13 88--92 80 108 72 3
/ | |/ |/ \ \ / \ / \
54 46--42 89 10 17 5-- 9 84 24 76 64--68 2
\ | / | | / \ |
58 38 14 6-- 2 1 16--20 32--28 60 1
/ | \ \ | /
62 30--34 22--18 3 0-- 4 12 36 56 <- Y=0
| \ / | |/ | \
70--66 78 26 86 11-- 7 19 8 91 40--44 52 -1
\ / \ / \ \ / | / | |/
74 110 82 94--90 15 23 87 95--99 48 -2
/ | | \ \ |
114 106-102--98 43--39--35 27 83 103 -3
\ | |/ / |
118 51--47 59 31 79 111-107 119 ... -4
/ \ / \ \ \ / \ /
122 55 63--67 75 115 123 -5
\ |/
... 71 -6
^
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6
The pattern an ever expanding "+" shape with first cell N=0 at the origin. The further parts are effectively as follows,
+---+
| |
+---+--- +---+
| | |
+---+ +---+ +---+
| 2 | 1 | |
+---+ +---+---+ +---+
| | 3 | 0 |
+---+ +---+ +---+
| | |
+---+ +---+---+
| |
+---+
At higher replication levels the sides become wiggly and spiralling, but they're symmetric and mesh to fill the plane.
FUNCTIONS ^
See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.
$path = Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres->new ()
$path = Math::PlanePath::QuintetCentres->new (arms => $a)
Create and return a new path object.
($x,$y) = $path->n_to_xy ($n)
Return the X,Y coordinates of point number $n on the path. Points begin at 0 and if $n < 0 then the return is an empty list.
Fractional positions give an X,Y position along a straight line between the integer positions.
$n = $path->n_start()
Return 0, the first N in the path.
($n_lo, $n_hi) = $path->rect_to_n_range ($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2)
In the current code the returned range is exact, meaning $n_lo and $n_hi are the smallest and biggest in the rectangle, but don't rely on that yet since finding the exact range is a touch on the slow side. (The advantage of which though is that it helps avoid very big ranges from a simple over-estimate.)
FORMULAS ^
X,Y to N
The xy_to_n() calculation is similar to the FlowsnakeCentres. For a given X,Y a modulo 5 remainder is formed
m = (2*X + Y) mod 5
This distinguishes the five squares making up the base figure. For example in the base N=0 to N=4 part the m values are
+-----+
| m=3 | 1
+-----+-----+-----+
| m=0 | m=2 | m=4 | <- Y=0
+-----+-----+-----+
| m=1 | -1
+-----+
X=0 1 2
From this remainder X,Y can be shifted down to the 0 position. That position corresponds to a vector multiple of X=2,Y=1 and 90-degree rotated forms of that vector. That vector can be divided out and X,Y shrunk with
Xshrunk = (Y + 2*X) / 5
Yshrunk = (2*Y - X) / 5
If X,Y are considered a complex integer X+iY the effect is a remainder modulo 2+i, subtract that to give a multiple of 2+i, then divide by 2+i. The vector X=2,Y=1 or 2+i is because that's the N=5 position after the base shape.
The remainders can then be mapped to base 5 digits of N going from high to low and making suitable rotations for the sub-part orientation of the curve. The remainders alone give a traversal in the style of QuintetReplicate. Applying suitable rotations produces the connected path of QuintetCentres.
SEE ALSO ^
Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::QuintetCurve, Math::PlanePath::QuintetReplicate, Math::PlanePath::FlowsnakeCentres
HOME PAGE ^
http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html
LICENSE ^
Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Kevin Ryde
This file is part of Math-PlanePath.
Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
syntax highlighting: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AXIAL IMPREGNATION OF ORIENTED FIBER-BUNDLES BY CAPILLARY FORCES
1991-05-01
BAYRAMLI, E
POWELL, RL
Capillary impregnation of a viscous liquid into carbon fiber bundles is investigated experimentally. Axial impregnation is examined in which flow occurs primarily parallel to the fibers' axes. For silicone oils, as well as for a curing epoxy system, the kinetics of axial impregnation follow closely h-alpha-t1/2, where h is the average displacement of the advancing front and t is the time of impregnation. The impregnation rates are higher than those predicted by theoretical models based upon simple geometries. The rates are strongly influenced by the pore size distribution in the fiber bundles. At a given overall average porosity, higher rates of impregnation are observed for samples having a higher pore heterogeneity than those with a narrow distribution of pore sizes. An analysis of the experimental data is presented which allows the effective pore size distribution to be calculated.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES
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The phenomenon dropwise condensation on a horizontal gold coated tube is investigated by both analytical and experimental methods in this study. A computer program is prepared to calculate the dropwise condensation heat transfer rate on the horizontal gold coated tube. An experimental setup was also manufactured to measure the dropwise condensation heat transfer rate. The effects of flow rate, temperature of cooling water and also steam to wall temperature difference have been analytically investigated by u...
Citation Formats
E. BAYRAMLI and R. POWELL, “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AXIAL IMPREGNATION OF ORIENTED FIBER-BUNDLES BY CAPILLARY FORCES,” COLLOIDS AND SURFACES, pp. 83–100, 1991, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/65950. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Hans Eisele (physician)
Allegededly
I think that's a word missing in the articel. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:00, 3 July 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:LA2-NSRW-2-0186.jpg
FIELD
660
FIG
EUGENE FIELD
Things are all familiar to school-children. His own seven children were the joy of his life. It would be difficult to name in American literary ranks a name more dear to
letters than was Eugene Field. His prose-writings were marked by delicate sentiment and delicious humor, while personally he had a wide circle of friends who regarded him with affection and cherish his memory. In verse his work had the touch of the true poet — daintiness and pathetic beauty. His publications include A Little Book of Western Verse; With Trumpet and Drum; Echoes from the Sabine Farm; Culture's Garland; and, in collaboration with his brother, Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac, etc. He died at Chicago on Nov., 4, 1895. Field, Marshall, merchant and philanthropist, born at Conway, Mass., 1835. For a time he was a clerk in a store in Pitts-field, Mass., but in 1856 he secured a clerkship in a Chicago dry-goods store, and from 1860 to 1865 was junior partner in the firm. In 1865 he became a partner of the firm of Field, Palmer and Leiter, later Field and Leiter. In 1881 he became proprietor of the business, which was thenceforward conducted under style of Marshall Field and Company.
His business grew rapidly with the growth of Chicago and the development of the western country. At his death in 1906 he was head of one of the largest and best-known department-stores in the world. His business, which exceeded fifty million dollars a year, included a large wholesale as well as retail trade and the control of many factories in Europe and Asia and even Australia for the manufacture of the goods he sold. Fortunate investments in Chicago real-estate and in industrial and railroad stocks contributed much to the increase of his wealth. He gave eight million dollars to Field Columbian Museum of Chicago and to the University of Chicago a valuable piece of land for the purpose of athletics, now known as Marshall. Field.
Field, Stephen Johnson, American jurist, brother of David D. and Cyrus Field, was born at Haddam, Conn., on Nov. 4, 1816, and died at Washington, D. C., on April 9, 1899. A graduate of Williams College, he studied law, and in 1849 settled in California, where he became member of the state legis-
lature, and In 1859 was elected to the supreme court of the state. In 1863 he was appointed an associate-justice of the United States supreme court. He later was professor of law in the University of California, and acted as a member of the Hayes-Tilden electoral commission. In 1880 he was a candidate for the presidential nomination and received 65 votes in the convention. In 1897 he retired from the supreme court. He died on April 9, 1899. Field'ing, Henry, a great English novelist, was born at Glastonbury, England, on April 22, 1707. He studied at Eton and at Ley den University. He began his literary career by writing comedies, Love in Several Masques being the first and among the best. He managed a theater for awhile, and also studied law and edited several newspapers. But his fame rests upon his three novels, Joseph Andrews, written in 1742, in ridicule of Richardson's Pamela, which had just appeared; Amelia; and the famous Tom Jones. Scott calls him the Father of the English novel. He died at Lisbon, Portugal, on Oct. 8, 1754, and was buried in the English cemetery there. See Life, in the English Men of Letters series, by Austin Dobson.
Fielding, Hon. William S., born and educated in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He engaged in newsp aper work in Halifax for 20 years, was elected to the Nova Scotia Assembly in 1882, and was Premier from 1884 to 1896. He became a member of the Federal Government in 1896, taking the position of Finance Minister of the Dominion. He introduced the preferential tariff in favor of Great Britain. He was Canadian delegate to the Colonial Conference held in London in 1902, and negotiated jointly with the Hon. L. P. Brodeur the Franco-Canadian Treaty. His budget speeches clear, concise, suggestive, constructive, have won for him a great reputation in Canada.
Fig, the fruit of Ficus carica, which is native to Asia. The genus is an enormous one in the tropics. There are about 150 different varieties of cultivated figs. The finest figs are the so-called Smyrna figs, which are grown in the eastern Mediterranean region. Figs have been cultivated on the Pacific coast for more than a century. The cultivation of figs in California has attained large proportions. The commercial fig is the dried fruit, although where grown the fresh figs are used. One of the old fig-trees of California rises 60 feet, its
HON. WM. FIELDING | WIKI |
package com.javarush.task.task07.task0717;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/*
Удваиваем слова
*/
public class Solution {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(System.in));
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) list.add(reader.readLine());
// Считать строки с консоли и объявить ArrayList list тут
ArrayList<String> result = doubleValues(list);
for(int x = 0; x < result.size(); x ++) {
System.out.println(result.get(x));
}
// Вывести на экран result
}
private static ArrayList<String> doubleValues(ArrayList<String> list) {
for(int x = 0; x < list.size(); x += 2) list.add(x + 1, list.get(x));
//напишите тут ваш код
return list;
}
}
НЕ понимаю почему не проходит | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Baumann and others, Respondents, vs. City of West Allis, Respondent, and London & Lancashire Indemnity Company of America and another, Appellants.
May 13
August 5, 1925.
Schools: Contracts for erecting building in city of fourth class: By whom let: Cost-plus contracts: Validity: Authority of city officials: Relation of city and contractor: Claim of ultra vires by contractor: Repudiation of contract: Measure of damages: Liability of surety: Building bond: Omission of clause relating to materialmen and laborers.
1. City officials find their authority and the limitations thereon in the statutes, and, confining themselves within their well established authority, they should avoid taking or pursuing an extra-legal course, p. 514.
2. A cost-plus contract with a city for the erection of a school building, let in an effort to follow sec. 925 — 118a, Stats. 1919, is construed to establish the relationship of owner and contractor rather than that of principal and agent, and therefore sec. 4549, prohibiting an agent of a city from having a financial interest in a contract with it, which he would have in a cost-plus contract, was not applicable, p. 518.
3. The contract having established the relationship of owner and contractor, a subsequent resolution of the city council, assented to by'the contractor and its surety, which provided that thereafter the contractor should be the agent of the city for completing the work in accordance with the contract, did not change the character of the contract to the disadvantage of the city, as the city council plainly did not have the right to remit the privileges of the contract, and at any rate could not change the existing relation so as to affect third parties not agreeing to the resolution, p. 519.
4. Sec. 925 — 118a, Stats. 1919, regulating municipal contracts for school buildings, is applicable to a city of the fourth class, organized under the general charter law, notwithstanding that section was not specifically adopted by the common council, as provided in sec. 926. p. 520.
5. Under said sec. 925 — 118a, the contract for the erection of the school building should have been signed by the board of education rather than by the mayor and clerk, pursuant to the resolution of the common council of a city of the fourth class; and the preparation of plans and specifications, advertising for bids, and the reception of bids should be done by the board of education, and not by a building committee composed of members of the common council and the board of education, p. 521.
6. The building contractor, who acted in compliance with the contract until it was practically completed, is estopped from claiming that the contract was invalid and ultra vires so that it could not be enforced by the city. p. 522.
7. After repudiation by the contractor of its agreement to erect the building on a cost-plus basis when the building had been eighty-eight per cent, completed, its discharge and the reletting of the work was not wrongful, p. 523.
8. Where the contractor repudiated the agreement before completion of the building, damages were properly assessed to the city at the amount it was required to pay the contractor to whom completion of the job was let, as authorized by the contract, p. 524.
9. Sec. 3327a, Stats., requiring the insertion in contracts for the construction of public works of a provision for payment of claims for labor and materials, and requiring the contractor’s bond to be conditioned on the payment thereof, is remedial, and will be liberally construed to suppress the mischief and advance the remedy, p. 525.
10.Under sec. 3327a, Stats., the cost-plus contract for the erection of the building renders the surety liable to subcontractors for material and labor, notwithstanding a specific clause to that effect was, by oversight or voluntary act of the parties, omitted from the contract, p. 526.
Appeal from a judgment of the circuit court for Milwaukee county: Gustave G. Gei-irz, Circuit Judge.
Affirmed.
This is a consolidation of nine separate actions brought by subcontractors to recover for labor and material furnished in and about .the construction of a high school building in the city of West AUis. It appéars that in the fall of 1919 it was decided by the city of West Allis to build an additional unit to its high school building. The building committee, composed-of certain members of the common council and of the board of education, was directed to advertise for bids for such unit. Bids were called for in the alternative, either for the completed job according to plans and specifications of architects or for the work to be done on a cost-plus basis with a maximum cost.
The defendant Kroening Construction Company (hereinafter called the contractor) proposed to erect .the unit for the sum of $169,780,- or upon a cost-plus basis for the sum of $148,595 plus ten per cent, commission on the cost of all labor, material, bonds, and insurance expenses incurred in the construction of the building-; any sums less than this amount to be divided twenty-five per cent, to the city of West Allis and seventy-five per cent, to the contractor. On the 12th day of January, 1920, the building committee recommended to the common council the acceptance of the latter bid. The common council approved the recommendation of the building committee, and by a resolution adopted on or about the 15th day of January, 1920, authorized the proper city officers to enter into a contract with the contractor for the erection of the addition to the high school building.
The bid submitted by the contractor was accompanied by a proposed contract duly signed by it and the defendant surety company, as required by the provisions of sec. 62.15, Stats. Promptly upon the adoption of the resolution of the common council • accepting the bid of the contractor and authorizing the proper city officers to execute a contract with the contractor, the said contractor entered upon the work of construction. The contract, however, was not signed by the city officers until April 20, 1920, which was-the last day of the then mayor’s term of office. It was' signed by the mayor’ and countersigned by the city clerk, who was acting as comptroller, but no indorsement that the city had the funds was made upon it as required by law. It does appear, however, that prior to the time of the signing of the contract by the city officers the contractor was in the vigorous prosecution of the work just as though it had been signed, all to the knowledge of the city authorities, and that payments for work performed accruing under the terms of the contract were, prior to said April 20, 1920, made to the contractor by the city from time to time.
The contract is tripartite, the contractor being referred' to as the party of the first part, the London & Lancashire Indemnity Company (the surety) as the party of the second part, and the city of West Allis and the board of education of the city of West Allis parties of the third part. By the terms of the contract the contractor obligates itself to furnish all material and labor necessary for the construction of the building in accordance with the terms of its bid or proposal, and the surety guarantees the faithful performance' of the contract. The material portions of this contract will be referred to as we proceed.
The contract contained a provision that the “building committee may, in its discretion, from time to time as the work-progresses, grant to said party of the first part an estimate of the amount already earned, reserving twenty per cent, thereon, which shall entitle the holder thereof to receive the amount thereon, provided that the conditions, if any, annexed to such estimate shall have been complied with. . . . Provided, however, that if cost-plus plan is adopted, in such case bills may be paid as presented if joint building committee wishes to take advantage of possible discounts, otherwise where bills are net they will be paid in full when proper affidavits of contractor and certificates of inspector as to bills are presented.” This alternative provision re-suited from the fact that the contractor made two proposals, and this provision of the contract was evidently thus framed to cover either proposal which might be accepted by the city.
Along in June, 1920, the then mayor raised the question whether the paying of the estimates in full without reserving the twenty per cent., which practice had theretofore obtained, was lawful. The matter was referred to the city attorney, who rendered an opinion that the law required the retention of twenty per cent, of such estimates, and that the practice theretofore obtaining was illegal. Whereupon the city council, by resolution, declared—
“that the Kroening Construction Company, be and it is hereby employed as the agent of the city of West AUis to supervise the construction of the West Allis high school, and as such to purchase material and furnish the labor and organization to construct said high school building, all in accordance with its written proposal therefor dated January 10, 1920, and the contract between the city and said Kroening Construction Company also bearing date January 10, 1920, . . . the purpose of this resolution being to validate, ratify, and affirm all acts of the building committee and common council relating to the advertising for bids and the making of said contract; . . . that it was at all times prior to and at the time said contract was entered into the intention of said building committee and common council of the city of West Allis to comply with that portion of sec. 925 — 118a of the Statutes relating to having the work of the construction of the said high school done under the supervision of some person or persons,” and that “nothing herein contained shall be deemed to modify or change any terms or conditions of the contract by and between the city and the said Kroening Construction Company herein referred to and bearing date January 10, 1920.”
The contractor company signed a waiver at the foot of this contract in the following terms:
“We, the undersigned, consent to the above resolution and we hereby waive all and every irregularity and defect, if any, in the procedure of the building committee or the common council of the city of West Allis in granting said contract to the undersigned, it being our purpose and desire to have said resolution express the true intention of all parties in entering into said contract.”
The surety also signed the following waiver:
“We, the undersigned, being the surety on the bond of the Kroening Construction Company for the construction of the West Allis high school, do hereby waive all legal defects and irregularities in the procedure of the common council or the building committee in the granting of said contract tp the said Kroening Construction Company for the reason that the above resolution expressed the true intent of the parties to said contract, and we further waive all rights that we may now or hereafter have by reason of the failure of the city to retain twenty per cent, of the estimates for work done and material furnished by said contractor.”
While there was no provision in the contract requiring the completion of the building at any specified time, it seems that there was a general understanding, based upon conversations had at or about the time of the letting of the contract, that the building would be completed on or about September 1st and ready for use at the commencement of the school year in September. The building was not so completed, and during the month of September, 1920, and following there was much friction between the building committee and the contractor because the work was not prosecuted with greater vigor. This culminated in a demand on the part of the building committee that the contractor employ ten additional carpenters on the work on or before December 27th. At about the same time the contractor presented to the city an estimate covering labor and material which the inspector of the city refused- to sign and which on its face showed that the payment demanded by it would, if made, result in,a total payment by the city to the contractor in excess of the contract limitation of $148,595 plus the ten per cent, commission thereon. The contractor refused to comply with the order to put on the additional carpenters, claiming that a sufficient number of carpenters had been employed, and also asserted that the contractor was only the agent of the said city and was not bound by the terms of the contract of January 10, 1920. The contractor demanded that it be permitted to proceed with the work independently of said contract, declaring that it was entitled to receive and would insist upon full payment for actual cost and commissions for all work and materials done or furnished, although such cost would exceed the agreed maximum in said contract stipulated; that it was not bound by and would not recognize the maximum guaranty of said contract, or any obligation thereunder to pay any excess cost for said work and materials over and above said stipulated maximum.
On January 4, 1921, the common council adopted a resolution to suspend the work of the contractor on the second unit of the high school building and relet the same to some other competent party, or to employ men and secure materials for the completion of the same and to charge the cost thereof to the contractor and its surety; that the city clerk be directed to serve notice on the contractor in accordance with such resolution, and that the building committee proceed either to relet the work of finishing the school to some competent party or to employ men and to secure materials for the completion of said school. Pursuant to this resolution, notice was accordingly given to the contfactor and the surety on January 10, 1921.
On February 1, 1921, the common council let to the Robert L. Reisinger Company the contract to finish the building, it being a condition of the contract that said Rei-singer Company was to use, without charge to the city, all materials on hand on January 10, 1921, which had been furnished by the several plaintiffs to this action. The amount paid the Reisinger Company for the completion of the building was $21,128.23.
These actions were brought by the several plaintiffs against the city of West Allis, the Kroening Construction
Company, and the London & Lancashire Indemnity Company to recover for the material and labor furnished in and about the construction of the building, from the defendants which might be found liable therefor. The contractor filed a cross-complaint against the city for work and labor performed and moneys expended on its behalf as agent. The city filed a cross-complaint against the contractor and its surety for damages by reason of their breach of the contract. The surety filed an answer denying any liability in the premises.
The court awarded judgment in favor of the plaintiffs against the city for the material on the job not incorporated into the building on the 10th day of January, 1921, when the contractor was discharged from the job, and against the contractor and surety for all labor and materials incorporated into the building prior to January 10, 1921. Judgment was rendered in favor of the city of West Allis against the contractor and surety for the amount paid the Robert L. Reisinger Company for the completion of the building and also for the various sums which by the judgment it is required to pay to the plaintiffs for the material on hand and unincorporated into the job on January 10, 1921. From this judgment the surety and contractor appeal.
For the appellant London & Lancashire Indemnity Company of America there was a brief by Fish, Marshutz & Hoffman, attorneys, and Irving A. Fish, of counsel, all of Milwaukee, and oral argument by Mr. Fish.
For the appellant Kroening Construction Company there was a brief by Perry •& Perry of Milwaukee, and oral argument by Charles B. Perry.
For the respondent City of West Allis there were briefs by Joseph E. Tierney, attorney, and George B. Hanley, of counsel, both of Milwaukee, and oral argument by Mr. Tierney. ' 1 !
For the plaintiff respondents other than the Interior Woodwork Company there were briefs by Harry V. Meiss-
ner and Hoyt, Bender, McIntyre & Hoyt, attorneys, and Walter H. Bender, of counsel, all of Milwaukee, and oral argument by Mr. Bender and Mr. E. L. McIntyre.
For- the plaintiff respondent Interior Woodwork Company there was a brief and statement by Paul, Ebert & Paul of Milwaukee, and oral argument by John H. Paul.
Owen, J.
This rather expensive and vexatious litigation results from an attempt on the part of the city of West Allis to adopt a form of contract which finds scant, if any, authority in the statutes, and one which at times has been held by the parties to establish the relation of principal and agent and at other times the relation of owner and principal contractor. We cannot refrain from again admonishing city officials that their authority, as well as the limitations thereon, is to be found in the statutes, and that it is rather hazardous for them to venture upon uncharted seas in the discharge of their municipal duties or in the dispatch of the business of the municipality.
This is the first instance in which a so-called cost-plus contract entered into by a municipality has come before this court, and while it will not be necessary for us to decide whether such a contract on the part of a municipality is authorized by the statutes, it is rather significant that the legislature saw fit to pass a curative act for contracts such as this, as will appear by reference to ch. 290, Laws of 1921. As a rule, municipal officers will promote.public interest by trodding well-beaten paths and confining themselves within their well-established authority. They may sometimes fret under statutory limitations imposed upon their authority and sincerely believe that the interests of the municipality may be better promoted by taking or pursuing an extralegal course. In isolated cases this may be true. But it must be remembered that the limitations imposed upon the authority of municipal officers are the result of general experience, and such limitations are imposed because such experience shows that, as a general proposition, they tend to promote rather than subvert public interests.
An orderly consideration of the questions presented requires that we first determine the nature of the contract between the city and the contractor — whether it is an agency contract creating the relation of principal and agent between the city and the contractor, or whether it is an ordinary builder’s contract creating the relation of ownér and contractor., Appellants claim that the contract, together with the resolution adopted by the common council under date of June 2d, fixes the status of the contractor as that of a mere agent of the city, and that as, under sec. 4549, Stats., an agent of a city is prohibited under penalty from having any financial interest in any contract with the city, that portion of the contract by which the contractor is obliged to complete the building for a certain specified sum is void, because such interest on the part of the contractor is a temptation to slight the work, thereby increasing the emoluments of the contractor. But for the fact that by the provisions of sec. 4549, Stats., such an arrangement would be of doubtful validity, it might be quite immaterial whether the relation existing between the city and the contractor was that of principal and agent or owner and contractor. In any event there is a solemn covenant in this contract on the part pf the contractor to complete the erection and construction of the building for a specified maximum amount, which is binding upon the contractor if the contract be valid. The engagement on the part of the surety guaranteeing the faithful performance of the contract makes it liable over to the city if the city pays the subcontractor, thereby causing it to pay out more than the maximum amount for which the contractor agrees to complete the erection and construction of the building. The city clearly would have an action against the surety to recover the amount thus paid in excess of the maximum amount specified in the contract, so that in the end both contractor and surety would be liable if the contract could beiheld not invalid by reason of the provisions of sec. 4549. However, if it be determined that the contract does not establish the relation of principal and agent, but amounts merely to an ordinary building contract establishing the relation of owner and contractor, we need not consider the legal effect of the contract as a mere agency contract.
In the letting of this contract the city plainly proceeded under the provisions of sec. 925 — 118a, Stats., which prescribes in detail not only the manner in which such contracts shall be let, but various provisions which they shall contain. In obedience to the provisions of that section the city advertised for bids. Such advertisement called for bids in the alternative; that is to say, for the construction of the building for a definite specified amount and on the cost-plus basis. In response to this advertisement the defendant contractor submitted two bids, one for a specified amount, and the other for a maximum amount plus ten per cent, commission, any saving from the maximum amount to be divided between the city and the contractor. The city accepted the latter. It must be remembered now that this bid came in response to an advertisement for bids for the construction of the building, all in pursuance of the provisions of sec. 925 — 118a regulating the letting of contracts for the construction of school buildings. The contract entered into contains many of the provisions which sec. 925 — 118a requires to be inserted in such contracts, and the intent to make such' contract comply with the requirements of sec/ 925 — 118a is plainly apparent.
By the terms of the contract the contractor agrees, “for and in consideration of the payments hereinafter provided, ... to well and truly execute and perform the said work under the superintendence of the said building committee for the said price.” These are not apt words for the creation of the relation of principal and agent, but are the usual and ordinary words found in the ordinary builder’s contract. Again, the contract provides that “the said building committee shall have the right and power, and the same is hereby reserved to said building committee, to adjust and determine” certain questions therein specified. If the relation of principal and agent were intended, the reservation of such power would not be necessary. It would reside in the principal without any such reservation. The building committee, among other things, reserves the right, in case of improper or imperfect performance of the contract, to suspend the said work at any time or to order the entire reconstruction of the same if improperly done, or to relet the same to some other competent party. The building committee also reserves the right, in case the said work shall not be prosecuted with such diligence and with such number of men as to insure its completion within the time limited, to suspend the said work and relet the same to some other competent party or to employ men and secure material for the completion of the same and to charge the' cost thereof to the contractor. The reservation of the right to relet the work is significant. It implies that the contract under consideration is a letting of the work in accordance with the popular significance of that term. Again, if the relation of principal and agent is created, why should the building committee reserve the right to suspend the said work or to order the entire reconstruction of the same? Such power over an agent is inherent in the principal without any reservation of this sort in an ordinary agency contract. Again, the contractor and the surety obligate themselves to indemnify the city against all liability resulting from the carelessness or neglect of the agents, employees, • or workmen of the contractor. If the contractor is merely the agent of the city, then he has no agents, employees, or workmen, as persons so employed are the agents, employees, and workmen of the city and not of the agent. The contract includes a provision that in case the said party of the first part (contractor) “shall proceed properly to perform and complete this contract, the building committee may, in its discretion, from time to time as the work progresses, grant to said party of the first part an estimate of the amount already earned, reserving twenty per cent, thereon, which shall entitle the holder thereof to receive the amount thereon, provided that the conditions, if any, annexed to such estimate shall have been complied with. The granting of any.such estimate shall not be construed as an acceptance of the work or any portion thereof. Provided, however, that if cost-plus plan is adopted, in such case bills may be paid as presented if joint building committee wishes to take advantage of possible discounts, otherwise where bills are net they will be paid in full when proper affidavits of contractor and certificates of inspector as to bills are presented.” This provision is utterly inconsistent with the idea that the relation of principal and agent exists between the city and the contractor. It is an ordinary provision of building contracts, and the provision that no more than eighty per cent, of the work actually done and material furnished shall be paid at any time before the entire completion of the work is required by the provisions of sec. 925 — 118a, relating to the letting of contracts for the construction of school buildings. Numerous other provisions of the contract might be quoted to indicate that the contract is in truth and in fact an ordinary builder’s contract establishing the relation of owner and contractor, and that such was the intention and purpose of all parties at the time the contract was entered into. Further references of such nature seem quite unnecessary. We conclude, without any hesitation, that the written contract between the parties was an ordinary builder’s contract establishing the relation of owner and contractor and not that of principal and agent.
The trial court took this view of the contract, but seemed to be of the opinion that the resolution of the common council dated June 2d, which was agreed to by the surety and the contractor, changed that relation, and that thereafter the relation of principal and agent obtained between the city and the contractor. The purpose of that resolution is quite apparent. The city, contrary to law and contrary to the provisions of the contract, had been paying the contractor in full for the work as it progressed. The new mayor raised the question of the legality of this practice. The city attorney advised that the law limited the payment's to the contractor to eighty per cent, of the completed work. We may pause to say that this opinion of the city attorney was undoubtedly based on the premise that the relation of owner and contractor then existed rather than that of principal and agent. This situation aroused serious questions— among others, whether by^ reason of such practice the surety was discharg-ed. Evidently the contractor desired a continuance of this practice, and it was conceived that by the adoption of this resolution, which preserved every line and word of the contract, an ordinary building contract could be converted into a contract creating the relation of principal and agent. If there were anything ambiguous about the contract, or if third parties were not affected, or if one party to the contract were not a municipality, the construction thus placed upon the contract by the parties themselves would no doubt carry great weight with the courts. But under the circumstances here, where the interests of third parties and that of a municipality are involved, such' an attempted construction made for the manifest purpose of circumventing the law should meet with little consideration on the part of the courts. Granting that the original contract was lawfully entered into, a question which will hereafter be considered, it may be inquired where the city council got its authority to wipe out the contract and to remit all the •benefits accruing to-the city by virtue of its provisions. We think it plain that the city council had no authority’to thus fritter away and remit valuable rights and privileges accruing to the city by virtue of the contract. But, at any rate, we hold that the city council cannot by its mere ipse dixit convert an unambiguous building contract into a contract of agency to the disadvantage of the city so as to affect third parties not agreeing to the resolution, or be binding upon the court. Our 'conclusion is that the contract was not only an ordinary building contract when entered into, but that it continued to> be so, and the rights of all parties concerned must be determined upon that assumption.
It is further contended on the part of the appellants that the contract was not lawfully entered into so as to be binding upon either or any of the parties. That the consummation of this contract was attended by many irregularities must be conceded. In the first place, it is perfectly apparent that the city was proceeding under the provisions of sec. 925 — 118a. The city of West Allis is a city of the fourth class organized under the general charter law. It is said that sec. 925 — 118a does not apply to the city of West Allis, because that city never adopted this section. The section itself provides that “In any city of the third and fourth class the common council may adopt this section, as provided in section 926 of the statutes.” That, however, relates to cities operating under a special charter. The section itself is plainly a part of the general charter law and applies to all cities operating under a general charter. The provision that it may be adopted by any city of the third and fourth class is for the benefit of cities operating under a special charter and enables them to adopt this particular section without adopting the entire school plan of the general charter law. '
Sec. 925 — 118a provides that the expenditure of all sums of money appropriated for the erection of school buildings shall be under the direction and authority of the board of education. Whenever the estimated cost of such a building is more than one thousand dollars the board shall make or cause to be made plans and specifications setting forth clearly and in detail the work to be done and the materia' to be used and'an estimate of the cost of the same. After such plans have been approved by the common council the board shall give ten days’ notice of the reception of bids for the execution of the proposed work. When all bids are unreasonably high, the board is authorized to reject all bids and to re-advertise the work anew. A written or printed contract shall be entered into for the completion of the work with a bond in such sum as the board may designate for its full performance. The board shall reserve in every contract the right to determine finally the performance of such contract. The board is given power to adjust and determine all questions as to the amount earned under any contract by the contractor or contractors, according to the true intent and meaning of the contract. The board of education shall have authority to employ a competent person or persons for the supervision of the work. All of this implies that the contract should be signed by the board of education representing the city. In this case the contract was signed by the mayor and clerk pursuant to a resolution of the common council. That the contract was not signed by the proper city authorities seems plain. Furthermore, it appears that the preparation of the plans and specifications, the advertising for bids and the reception of bids was done by a building committee composed of members of the common council and the board of education, whereas' the statute requires these things to be done by the board of education.
The appellants contend that the contract was illegal, and rely upon such cases as Chippewa B. Co. v. Durand, 122 Wis. 85, 99 N. W. 603; Hoeppner-Bartlett Co. v. Rhinelander, 142 Wis. 229, 125 N. W. 454; Neacy v. Milwaukee, 171 Wis. 311, 176 N. W. 871, and other cases. Those cases lay down the principle that contracts binding a municipality can be culminated only in the manner prescribed by the charter, and municipal officers must follow the prescribed procedure step by step. This doctrine has been applied, however, only for the protection of taxpayers whose money is about to be spent, or property owners whose land is about to be charged, by reason of the illegal contract. It is just as clearly established by the decisions of this court that persons who enter into a contract with the city stand in a different position. Such persons “cannot even make the defense of ultra vires or total lack of power on the part of the corporation to make the contract. If the defense of ultra vires cannot be made, it is very evident that the lesser claim . . . must also be ineffective.” Ricketson v. Milwaukee, 105 Wis. 591, 81 N. W. 864. See, also, Beloit v. Heineman, 128 Wis. 398, 107 N. W. 334; Price Co. v. Northwestern C. & S. Co. 184 Wis. 279, 199 N. W. 60. The limitations upon the authority of municipal officers to enter into contracts, and prescribed methods for the exercise of such power, are for the protection of the public, and such provisions will not be permitted to be invoked to the harm of the public by those who, having capacity to contract for themselves, have in form entered into contractual relations with a municipality. In other words, a law intended as a shield for the public will not be permitted to be used as an instrument for its destruction.
While the law contemplates the execution of the contract we are considering by the board of education, the common council was by no means without any authority in the matter. Sec. -925 — 118a provides that when the lowest bidder shall in the judgment of said board be incompetent or otherwise unreliable for the performance of the work for which he bids, the common council may authorize the board to let the work to the lowest competent and reliable bidder. Power is given to the board to adjust and determine all questions as to the amount earned under any contract by the contractor or contractors according to the true intent and meaning of the contract. Such adjustment and determination by said board shall be reported by the board to the common council, and when approved by said council shall be final between the parties and binding upon them. The statute requires bidders to submit a bond with their bids conditioned that they will enter into a contract if their bids be accepted, and that if they refuse to enter into such contract after the acceptance of their bids “said bond shall be prosecuted in the name of the city, and judgment recovered thereon for the full amount of the penalty thereof as liquidated damages, unless the common council shall by resolution direct that no action shall be commenced.” The council by vote of two thirds of all its members may authorize the board to have the work done under the supervision of such person or persons as the board may designate. When it is reflected that the common council has general control and management of the affairs of the city, that the construction of school buildings is in the nature of an exception from such general authority, that the common council still has the power over such matters as are indicated by the above quotations, that the contractor entered upon the performance of the contract promptly after the resolution of the common coun.cil directing .the proper officers to sign the contract, that the city fully and faithfully carried out its part of the contract, that both parties for nearly a year acted in manifest compliance with the provisions of the contract, and that the work proceeded under the contract until it was practically eighty-eight per cent, completed, the contractor is estopped, upon the plainest equitable considerations, as well as by the precedents above cited, from now claiming that the contract is invalid and cannot be enforced in behalf of the city.
It is further contended that the discharge of the contractor was wrongful and without legitimate grounds or excuse. It will be recalled that the altercation leading up to the reletting of the work was due to the fact that the building was not completed within the time contemplated. Appellants strongly urge that the work proceeded with reasonable dispatch under all the circumstances, and that as there was no time set in the contract for the completion of the work, there was no warrant for the action of the city authorities in discharging the contractor from the job and reletting the work. The trial court found that the contractor repudiated the contract, which gave the city the right to terminate all contractual relations between the parties. We do not understand that this finding of the court is seriously challenged, and if such be the fact the conclusion of law naturally follows.
It is further contended that there is no evidence of the amount of the city’s damage. The amount of that damage is established in exactly the way contemplated by the contract, which by its terms gives the board the right to relet the work if dissatisfied with the performance of the contract. The contractor certainly cannot complain where this method is pursued in case of his repudiation of the contract. The building committee re-advertised for bids and let the contract to the lowest bidder. The court awarded damages for the amount paid to such contractor, which plainly constituted the city’s damage by reason of the failure of the contractor to complete the contract.
We now come to the question of whether the surety is liable to the subcontractors for the amount of material and labor furnished by them entering into the construction of the building. As heretofore stated, the contract is tripartite, the surety being the party of the second part. The contract contains this covenant on the part of the surety:
“And the said party or parties of the second part, in consideration of the letting of this contract to said party of the. first part, for itself, its successors and assigns, or for themselves, their heirs, executors, or administrators, as the case may be, hereby guarantee and covenant and agree to and with the said city of West Allis and board of education that the said party of the first part shall and will well and truly execute and perform this contract under the superintendénce and to the satisfaction of said building committee, and that the said party or parties of the second part will well and truly pay on demand to the said city of West Allis any and all damages and sums of money which the said party of the first part shall be liable to pay to the said city under this contract or any clause or agreement therein.”
It will be noticed that the surety guarantees, covenants, and agrees to and with the said city of West Allis that the contractor will well and truly execute and perform the contract. If there be a provision in the contract obligating the contractor to pay for all material and labor entering into the construction of the building, the provision of the bond guaranteeing the faithful performance of the contract makes the surety liable to subcontractors who furnished such material and labor. Builders L. & S. Co. v. Chicago B. & S. Co. 167 Wis. 167, 166 N. W. 320. There is, however, no such express provision in the contract, and if such an obligation be laid upon either the contractor or surety it must be by virtue of law. Counsel for the subcontractors maintain that such a provision is imported into.the contract, and that such a liability is imposed, by virtue 'of sec. 3327a, Stats., which provides that all contracts such as the one here in question “shall contain a provision for the payment by the contractor of all claims for such work and labor performed and materials furnished, and no such contract shall hereafter be made or let unless the contractor shall give a good and sufficient bond . . . conditioned for the faithful performance of the contract, and the payment to each and every person or party entitled thereto of all the claims for work or labor performed, and materials furnished for or in or about or under such contract.” Obviously this statute was enacted for the purpose of protecting subcontractors furnishing labor and material entering into the construction of public buildings which are not subject- to a lien as are buildings owned by private individuals. It was said in Webb v. Freng, 181 Wis. 39, 44, 194 N. W. 155, that “when that statute was enacted the legislature was .doubtless familiar with the fact that, through the insolvency or mismanagement of contractors, materialmen had often suffered heavy losses. In view of the fact that they could not file liens against municipalities, the legislature sought by enacting this statute to afford relief in such cases.” This is a remedial statute and will be construed most liberally to suppress the mischief and advance the remedy. 2 Lewis’ Sutherland, Stat. Constr. (2d ed.) § 585 ; Federal R. M. Co. v. Havolic, 162 Wis. 341, 156 N. W. 143; Kiel v. Industrial Comm. 163 Wis. 441, 158 N. W. 68; Wausau L. Co. v. Industrial Comm. 166 Wis. 204, 164 N. W. 836; 36 Cyc. 1174.
It will be noticed that the literal wording of the statute merely requires the insertion of the provision in all contracts for the construction of public works. It is the contention of appellants that the liability sought to be imposed by the statute does not arise unless the provision required by the statute is actually inserted in the contract. If this construction is correct, then the relief which the legislature attempted to afford subcontractors and materialmen is very much like sounding brass. The remedy which the legislature intended to extend may under such a construction be defeated if the parties to the contract do not insert the prescribed provision, and whether the remedy is available to subcontractors and materialmen depends not upon the law but upon the parties to the contract. If this be the proper construction of the law, then the statute might just as well not have been passed, because such was the law before. Such a statute will be construed in the light of the conditions and circumstances which gave rise to the law and to effectuate the purpose which the legislature sought to accomplish. Having discovered that purpose, the law should be construed to give effect thereto. We entertain no doubt that it was the purpose of the legislature to afford a remedy, in the nature of an action against the surety, to all subcontractors furnishing labor or material entering into the construction of public buildings and public works mentioned in the section of the statutes. This purpose may not be defeated by the voluntary act or by the oversight of the parties in failing to insert such a provision in the contract. The law imputes such provision to the contract whether written therein or not. The liability is one arising by virtue of the law independent of the contract. Like the law providing for a standard fire insurance policy, it is both a law and a contract. Keith v. Royal Ins. Co. 117. Wis. 531, 94 N. W. 295, and cases there cited.
We see no reason for disturbing the judgment in any respect, and it must be affirmed.
By the Court. — So ordered. | CASELAW |
electrics – The Camper Van Project http://thecampervanproject.com The Curious Case of a Man with a Van Sun, 14 Oct 2018 13:52:11 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.9.18 http://thecampervanproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/camper-van-project-icon-150x150.jpg electrics – The Camper Van Project http://thecampervanproject.com 32 32 Fitting the 220v Hookup http://thecampervanproject.com/fitting-the-240v-hookup/ http://thecampervanproject.com/fitting-the-240v-hookup/#respond Tue, 07 Aug 2018 21:39:06 +0000 http://thecampervanproject.com/?p=502
Adding a 220v mains electrical hookup point to your camper van will greatly enhance your ability to recharge your leisure batteries and run most common household electrical items while on your camping trip. This option is, of course, completely dependent on you camping near a power point to which you can plug in but, of course, mains power outlets are now a standard feature in most campsites.
Most modern camper van conversions incorporate a 220v electrical circuit alongside the standard vehicle 12v circuit, often powered by an inverter run directly off the leisure battery. The 220v circuit allows you to run equipment such as fridges, heaters, water heaters and entertainment systems which can often draw much heavier current loads. The drawback however, is that powering these appliances from an inverter often means running the engine at least periodically to avoid draining the leisure battery. Hooking up to a mains outlet allows you to run 220v appliances efficiently without the noise and disruption of running the van engine.
A mains hookup point is simply an external power point located on the outside of the camper van and connected directly to the circuit breaker or distribution board inside the van. A 220v mains inlet box, such as this one from Kiravans.co.uk is the quickest and simplest way to add a hookup point to your camper van simply by cutting a small hole in a suitable position in a side panel. A 17 amp, 3 core flex is used to connect the inlet point to the circuit breaker.
In my case, I was keen to keep everything on my van as discreet as possible and I decided to be a bit creative with how I added my inlet point. As it happens, there is a very useful space below the fuel filler cap which is just the right size to accommodate the inlet point. You can see from the photos how I fitted the standard in-line socket by drilling a 40mm hole and making a backing plate from a piece of 2mm sheet metal which I slid into place from behind to secure the socket.
Important note: My van is diesel powered. I would not, under any circumstances locate an electrical point anywhere near the fuel filler cap on a petrol engine van due to the risk of a spark when connecting the plug.
Purpose made mains inlet points include a hinged flap to protect the electrical contacts from dirt and moisture and indeed, the location of my hookup point means the hookup is covered by the fuel filler flap when not in use. Even so, I was uncomfortable with the idea of the pins being exposed and so easily accessible when they could be live at any time when the inverter is active and powering the circuit. For peace of mind, I decided to add a safety measure in the form of relay. A relay is essentially an electrically operated switch. By routing the mains hookup through the relay, the external power point is only connected to the mains circuit when power is available from an external point, meaning the exposed pins are completely safe to touch even when the inverter is in use.
If you are unfamiliar with relays, heres a link to a good explanation of what a relay is and how it works.
Relays are also easy to install once you understand how they work. Here’s a wiring diagram for a typical 8 pin 220v relay.
The external hookup is just one aspect of the camper van electrical circuit and I will cover the full 220v electrical system in more detail in another article.
A note on safety: I probably don’t need to say this but I will say it anyway. Unless you happen to be a fully qualified electrician, you should always consult one with regard to the design and installation of any mains electrical circuits you plan to use in your camper van. At the very least, your insurance company may request a certificate or invoice for the work to prove the installation is safe. Unsafe electrical work can, and frequently does end up getting people killed. Don’t take chances in this regard.
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Installing a Leisure Battery http://thecampervanproject.com/adding-a-leisure-battery/ http://thecampervanproject.com/adding-a-leisure-battery/#respond Thu, 12 Jul 2018 22:30:33 +0000 http://thecampervanproject.com/?p=429 Adding a leisure battery will allow you to run lights, pumps, heaters, phone chargers, fridges and audio visual equipment without running down the vehicle battery and potentially leaving you stranded. It’s not a complicated procedure and vehicle electrics are relatively straightforward so it’s a job that should be within the grasp of most confident DIY camper van convertors. Having said that, it’s important that vehicle electrics are correctly configured and all circuits and installations are correctly designed and properly installed so if you are not completely confident in what you are doing here, it’s best to get professional help and advice. A short circuit poses a serious risk of fire so don’t take any chances in this regard.
My camper van electrical circuit included a 12v leisure battery and a 220v inverter and an external mains hook up. Let’s look at the split charging circuit in this article and I’ll cover the 12v and the 220v circuits separately.
The difference between a leisure battery and a vehicle battery.
The important point here is the difference between the two types of battery. A standard vehicle battery is designed to provide a large amount of current in short bursts, i.e to power the starter motor. A leisure battery on the other hand, is designed to provide smaller amounts of current over a prolonged period of time and also to be fully discharged before being charged back up again by running the engine. Leisure batteries are also referred to as ‘deep cycle’ batteries for this very reason. Using a standard vehicle battery for your leisure circuit will result in a very short battery life.
The charging circuit.
Adding a leisure battery to your camper van is one thing but you will also need to hook it up to the charging circuit that recharges your vehicle battery. To do this, you will need to fit a split charging circuit. This type of circuit includes a specially designed voltage sensitive relay which allows the leisure battery to be connected to the existing alternator in parallel to your engine battery. The split charge relay prioritises the engine battery and automatically switches to the leisure battery once the engine battery is fully charged. The circuit itself is very simple and complete split charging kits are readily available from camper van parts suppliers.
Camper van wiring diagram
Camper van wiring diagram from switchpanel.co.uk
The leisure battery.
I chose a 115ah (Amp-hours; What does this mean? It will supply 115 amps for 1 hour or 11.5 amps for 10 hours) deep cycle battery from Halfords for €126. The battery itself is a bulky, heavy item so I opted to install it over the back axle, and under a false floor in the storage compartment. There was plenty of room here for the battery, the 220v inverter, an onboard battery charger and the water pump and plumbing. Locating the battery over the rear axle was also ideal for weight distribution so this location made a lot of sense.
Installation and wiring.
Once I positioned the battery, I screwed some timber battens to the floor to keep it in position. The split charge relay was screwed to the timber of the seat base right beside the battery. Once it was in place, I just had to run the cables.
The negative cable is secured to an earthing point in the bodywork and connected to the negative terminal of the battery. I made use of an existing threaded bolt hole in the bodywork for this. The positive cable runs from the positive terminal of the vehicle battery all the way back to the split charge relay, and from there, on to the positive terminal of the leisure battery (a 100 amp fuse is installed on either side of the relay terminals). A smaller negative wire from the relay then connects to the negative terminal of the vehicle battery and once this is in place, the split circuit is complete and fully functional.
The spilt charging kit I bought came complete with all cables, terminals, fuses, cable ties and conduit needed so it was just a matter of installing everything. Properly crimped connections are essential here as a loose connection is a serious fire hazard so don’t try to make these connections without the proper tools. I managed to borrow a heavy duty cable crimper from an electrician which was essential for making sound connections to the battery terminals. Cutting, crimping and assembling all the cables and connections is relatively simple and the whole installation only took a couple of hours.
Here’s a useful video on the correct way to crimp vehicle battery cables and terminals
Once the battery and split charge circuit are in place, you can run a 70 amp positive cable from the leisure battery terminal to a simple, blade fuse holder and start building your circuits.
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a) What is Melanoma?
Eye melanoma is cancer of the eye. This is the most common type of eye cancer in adults. Most patients are between 55 and 65 years old when diagnosed. It affects up to 50 people a year in Scotland (between 500 and 600 people in the UK). Choroidal melanoma is the most common type of uveal melanoma, followed by the ciliary body, then iris. Uveal melanoma can spread to other parts of the body; some patients have spread, some don’t. The most common place for melanoma to spread to is the liver. This can happen many years after diagnosis. Unfortunately treating the tumour does not guarantee spread will not happen.
b) What are the symptoms of eye melanoma?
Eye melanoma may have no symptoms and may be picked up on routine examination by your optician. Some patients, however, may report:
• Decreased vision
• Flashing lights
• Shadow in the vision
Choidal, ciliary body and iris melanomas may have different symptoms.
i) Choroidal melanoma:
Patients may experience a shadow in the peripheral vision or poor central vision. As the melanoma grows it may cause a retinal detachment. This may cause floaters, flashing lights or a curtain over part of the vision.
ii) Ciliary body melanoma:
As the ciliary body is behind the iris, small tumours may be not be visible at first. They can, however, grow and cause a shadow in the vision. Clouding of the lens, known as cataract, can develop resulting in blurred vision. Floaters can be caused if the tumour bleeds into the back of the eye. Glaucoma (raised pressure in the eye) may occur causing poor vision and eye pain.
iii) Iris melanoma
Iris melanomas may appear as a growing pigmented area on the coloured part of the eye. This can change the shape of the pupil or grow in front of the pupil causing the vision to go down. Like Ciliary body melanoma, glaucoma (raised pressure in the eye) may occur causing poor vision and eye pain.
c) What are the risks of getting melanoma?
The following features may increase your risk of developing ocular melanoma:
• Pale skin
• Red or blond hair
• Blue eyes
• Over the age of 50
• Large number of moles or freckles
d) Will I need any tests?
Certain tests help confirm the diagnosis and check how the tumour is behaving. Tests may include:
• Photograph
• Ultrasound scan
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
All patients have an ultrasound of their liver every year to make sure the melanoma has not spread or started to grow here. This is usually organised at your local hospital.
e) Will I need a biopsy?
A biopsy may be offered to confirm the type of tumour and likelihood of spread. This, however, has risks and may not provide enough tissue to give a definite answer. If we do decide to biopsy, options will be discussed in clinic.
f) What is the treatment of eye melanoma?
In treating eye melanoma, our aim is remove or destroy the tumour and keep as much normal vision as possible. Unfortunately, removing the tumour does not guarantee spread will not happen later in life. Treatments may include:
• Plaque radiotherapy
• Proton beam radiotherapy
• Laser (Transpupillary thermotherapy)
• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
• Removal of eye (enucleation)
• Removal of tumour (local resection)
g) Is treatment always needed?
Very rarely we may choose not to treat. If the patient is frail, elderly, or has other serious medical illnesses we may decide to watch instead. Every patient is different. After discussion in clinic we will arrive at the right and best treatment option for you.
h) How likely is the melanoma to spread?
Risk of melanoma spreading (metastasising) to other parts of the body depends on the three factors outlined below.
i) Clinical tumour stage
Clinical tumour stage is based on how the tumour looks when examined in the clinic and the size of the tumour. The larger the tumour, the longer it is likely to have been there and the more likely it has had a chance to spread elsewhere in the body. If the tumour has grown quickly in size or grown through the wall of the eye, again this increases the risk of tumour spreading.
ii) Histology
This refers to how the tumour cells look under the microscope. Tumour tissue from biopsy or after the eye is removed is sent to the laboratory and examined by our pathologist. If the tumour cells appear large and round (epithelioid) then there is high chance of tumour spreading. If the cells appear long and narrow (spindle) then chance of spread is far less.
iii) Genetic typing
This refers to the arrangement of DNA in our cells (the basic building blocks for life). Our cell behaviour is controlled by DNA, which is stored in our genes. These genes are found in chromosomes, which are thread like structures found in every cell of our body. We have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each chromosome has long arms (coded by the letter q) and short arms (coded by the letter p). Tumour tissue is sent to the genetics laboratory where it is analysed. If a single chromosome 3 is missing from melanoma cells, this is called “monosomy 3”. This means the melanoma is very likely to spread. If chromosome 8q has gained a longer arm, again, this increases the chance of the melanoma spreading. If both “monosomy 3” and 8q gain are present then this there is an even stronger chance of tumour spread. If, however, there is a gain in chromosome 6p, this is protective and decreases the likelihood of metastasis.
i) Will I need any tests to check for spread?
We will perform an ultrasound scan (USS) of the liver every 6 months to check for spread of the melanoma. If we suspect there is spread on USS, we will organise an MRI scan of the liver to look at this in closer detail.
Some patients find having an USS every 6 months too stressful and worrisome. If this is the case we can perform the USS every 12 months instead.
j) What happens if the eye melanoma spreads to different parts of the body?
This can be scary and upsetting. If spread of disease has been picked up we involve other health professionals at our MDT (multidisciplinary team) meeting. Our clinical team consists of a radiologist, pathologist, and a medical oncologist. Collectively we will decide on the right tests and treatments for you as an individual. Accepting and coming to terms with the diagnosis can be challenging. For this reason, we have specialist ophthalmic nursing staff in the clinic who are here to council and help you through this difficult time. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ancestry.com pulls ad amid online backlash | TheHill
Ancestry.com apologized Thursday and took down a controversial ad that depicted an interracial couple discussing the possibility of fleeing to the north during the Civil War era after backlash online. The ad, originally posted on the company's YouTube page earlier this month, depicted two "lovers" (according to the ad's caption) running through the streets of a city in the 19th century American South, before stopping to discuss the possibility of heading north. "Abigail," the white man in the ad says to the woman, who is black. "We can escape to the North. There's a place we can be together, across the border." "Will you leave with me?" he asks as the ad fades to black while showing the text, "without you, the story stops here." Critics of the ad said that it whitewashed history, inaccurately portraying the rape of slaves by slaveowners as a consensual relationship. "What the hell is this @Ancestry? Why do white people insist on romanticizing my Black female ancestors experiences with white men during slavery?" wrote Bishop Talbert Swan, a regional president of the NAACP. What the hell is this @Ancestry? Why do white people insist on romanticizing my Black female ancestors experiences with white men during slavery?They were raped, abused, treated like animals, beaten, and murdered by white men. Stop with the revisions.pic.twitter.com/cDEWdkzJPm "They were raped, abused, treated like animals, beaten, and murdered by white men. Stop with the revisions." The company apologized "for any offense that the ad may have caused" in a statement Thursday to BuzzFeed News, and the ad could no longer be found on Ancestry's YouTube page. "Ancestry is committed to telling important stories from history," the company said. "This ad was intended to represent one of those stories. We very much appreciate the feedback we have received and apologize for any offense that the ad may have caused." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Question Onboard audio not working on MSI 970 Gaming?
Oct 2, 2020
2
0
10
0
I was setting up my old computer to get sold and was doing a fresh install of windows on a new hard drive (I had to reformat the drive). Now the on board audio doesn't seem to work. (USB speakers still work, but anything plugged into and audio jack does not) I have tried removing and reinstalling the latest Realtek audio drivers. In the bios, there is a page with an interactive display of the mother board. When I select the audio inputs, it says they are disconnected, was wondering if that may have anything to do with it. Other than that i'm lost.
Please let me know if you have an idea of a possible solution.
Thank you!
SteveRX4
Notable
BANNED
Sep 29, 2020
1,477
135
890
109
OK. Thanks. It's pretty old.
But it has ALC 1150 Realtek which should be still current and compatible with Windows 10.
Audio input would be from a microphone. Everything else would be output I think.
Do the speakers work - did they before and do they now?
Phillip Corcoran
Titan
Moderator
RX470 incorporates an audio chip for HDMI audio output.
When you installed the RX470, by default it also installs it's audio drivers if you chose Express Install, so HDMI audio becomes the default and the 3.5mm audio ports/Realtek audio device stop working.
This happenned to me and I fixed it by uninstalling the the RX470 drivers completely, then begin installation again but choose "Custom Install" which will allow you to deselect it's audio drivers before commencing with the installation.
ASK THE COMMUNITY | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nakasone Tuimiya
Nakasone Tuimiya, also Nakasone Tuyumya (仲宗根豊見親)(active c. 1500–1530) was a Ryūkyūan Chieftain and later Anji of the Miyako Islands credited with repelling an invasion from Ishigaki Island, and expanding Miyako political control over some of the Yaeyama Islands. When the Miyako Islands were attacked by the Ryūkyū Kingdom, Nakasone saved the people of Miyako from harm by agreeing to surrender to annexation by the Kingdom.
Early life
Nakasone was the great-great-grandson of Meguro Mori who, in the 14th century, defeated the Yonahabara army under Sata Ubunto to unite the Miyako Islands for the first time.
Toyomiya (or, Tuyumya in Okinawan) was not a name, but rather something akin to a title or honorific. While he passed on the family name Nakasone to his descendants, this lineage, of which he is the founder, is at the same time called the Chūdō family (忠導氏). While the exact year of Nakasone's birth is unknown, the family's records indicate that he was born sometime in the Tianshun Chinese Imperial era, i.e. 1457–1464.
Oyake Akahachi Rebellion
At this time, the Ryūkyū Kingdom, based at Shuri on Okinawa Island, did not yet have direct control over the Yaeyama or Miyako Islands, but merely expected tribute to be paid. In 1500, Oyake Akahachi of Ishigaki Island led the people of Ishigaki and the surrounding islands in revolt against paying tribute and against the Kingdom. Nakasone's family was entrenched in a power struggle with their rival the Kaneshigawa family for control of Miyako, and Oyake planned to invade the island during the division. Upon learning this, Nakasone led a preemptive invasion of the Yaeyama Islands, securing his status as leader of Miyako, and seizing Ishigaki, Yonaguni (where he took the daughter of the chieftain Untura as his prize), and a few other neighboring islands in the process.
Shortly after these successful invasions which expanded the geographical scope of Miyako's political control, the islands came under attack from a force of roughly 3,000 Ryūkyūan soldiers sent by King Shō Shin to suppress the rebellion. Seeing defeat as inevitable, Nakasone surrendered and agreed to have the Miyako Islands, along with the Yaeyamas which Nakasone had just secured, absorbed by the Ryūkyū Kingdom. He is today worshipped and celebrated as a hero for having spared the people of Miyako from the death and destruction that would have resulted from attempts to resist the invasion.
Later life
Nakasone was formally appointed Aji of Miyako by the Sanshikan, which also began a system of sending representatives from Okinawa to help oversee the administration of this corner of the kingdom for three-year-long terms. Most aspects of local administration were left in the hands of Nakasone, however, who was also empowered to deal out rewards and punishments, and to appoint local leaders to lesser aristocratic titles and bureaucratic posts.
Nakasone established a government office called the kuramoto (蔵元) which oversaw the collection of contributions to the tribute payment to be sent to Shuri. To help ensure this process, Nakasone effected road maintenance, as well as the construction of the stone bridge Shimoji-Pasuntsu (下地橋道).
Nakasone was succeeded as Chieftain of Miyako around 1530, by someone bearing the same name as his great-great-grandfather, Meguro Mori. His grave can be found in Hirara City on Miyako Island. | WIKI |
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DataViewBase.CompleteRecordDragDrop Event
Occurs when a drag-and-drop operation is completed.
Namespace: DevExpress.Xpf.Grid
Assembly: DevExpress.Xpf.Grid.v19.1.Core.dll
Declaration
public event EventHandler<CompleteRecordDragDropEventArgs> CompleteRecordDragDrop
Public Event CompleteRecordDragDrop As EventHandler(Of CompleteRecordDragDropEventArgs)
Event Data
The CompleteRecordDragDrop event's data class is CompleteRecordDragDropEventArgs. The following properties provide information specific to this event:
Property Description
Canceled Gets whether the drag-and-drop operation is canceled.
Effects Gets or sets the target drag-and-drop operation.
Handled Gets or sets a value that indicates the present state of the event handling for a routed event as it travels the route. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
OriginalSource Gets the original reporting source as determined by pure hit testing, before any possible Source adjustment by a parent class. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
Records Get dropped records.
RoutedEvent Gets or sets the RoutedEvent associated with this RoutedEventArgs instance. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
Source Gets or sets a reference to the object that raised the event. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
The event data class exposes the following methods:
Method Description
InvokeEventHandler(Delegate, Object) When overridden in a derived class, provides a way to invoke event handlers in a type-specific way, which can increase efficiency over the base implementation. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
OnSetSource(Object) When overridden in a derived class, provides a notification callback entry point whenever the value of the Source property of an instance changes. Inherited from RoutedEventArgs.
Remarks
You can use CompleteRecordDragDrop event to implement a copy operation that does not remove records when dragging.
For example, if you have implemented Drag-and-Drop Between GridControls, you can handle the CompleteRecordDragDrop event to deny removing records:
<dxg:GridControl Name="gridControl1">
<!---->
<dxg:GridControl.View>
<dxg:TableView AllowDragDrop="True" CompleteRecordDragDrop="OnCompleteRecordDragDrop" />
</dxg:GridControl.View>
</dxg:GridControl>
void OnCompleteRecordDragDrop(object sender, CompleteRecordDragDropEventArgs e) {
e.Handled = true;
}
See Also | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Texas Tech perfect opponent for 'tweaking' LSU offense | USA TODAY Sports
By Glenn GuilbeauDecember 6, 2015 8:49 pm LSU Tigers head coach Les Miles talks with line judge Chuck Rice between plays during a game at Mississippi State earlier this season. BATON ROUGE – LSU coach Les Miles could not have picked a better opponent to tweak his offense against than Texas Tech. The No. 20 Tigers (8-3, 5-3 Southeastern Conference) will play unranked Texas Tech (7-5, 4-5 Big 12) in the AdvoCare V100 Texas Bowl at 8 p.m. on Dec. 29 at NRG Stadium in Houston. The Red Raiders have the second worst total defense in the nation as their 540.2 yards allowed a game is 126th out of the 127 major colleges ranked by the NCAA. Tech's pass defense is 113th in the nation with 268.3 yards allowed a game. LSU, meanwhile, is 110th in the nation in pass offense with 173.1 yards a game behind sophomore quarterback Brandon Harris, who is No. 71 in the nation in passing efficiency at 127.8 with 135 completions in 254 attempts for 1,904 yards and 12 touchdowns. His 1,904 yards is No. 82 in the nation. Alleva to Miles: Everything's going to be all right This would be a time where you look at things – not widespread – but to tweak things to make yourself more productive, Miles said at a bowl press conference Sunday night. The issue is we have to accomplish the play that's being called. Miles also said Harris and the offense need to play more as it practices. We need to have some game days like our Wednesdays and Thursdays, he said. Miles' struggles with a passing offense through several of his recent seasons at LSU – 2015, '14, '11 and '10 – was a major reason he was nearly fired this season by LSU athletic director Joe Alleva and several LSU Board of Supervisors members. They were eventually overruled by LSU President F. King Alexander late last week and during LSU's 19-7 win over Texas A&M in the regular season finale. I still believe people can change, and they can change the way they do things, Alleva said in a meeting with reporters on Friday in which he admitted he made inquiries about possibly hiring Florida State coach Jimbo Fisher to replace Miles. That doesn't necessarily mean you change personnel, Alleva said. You can change how that person does things. Les has been committed to me that he understands that there has to be some changes. After the Texas A&M game, Miles said that Harris needs some work. The quarterback had his worst game this season as he completed 7 of 21 passes for 83 yards with several misses of open receivers at short distances by long distances. Miles said he is considering retaining offensive coordinator Cam Cameron, whose three-year contract expires next spring after two poor pass offense seasons out of three. Les Miles' biggest upset comes off the field I have contemplated no changes at this point, Miles said in reference to his staff, but in the past Miles has waited until after national signing day in early February to announce staff changes. He announced the hiring of Cameron in this way – in February of 2013. Miles also reiterated what has been reported by Gannett Louisiana numerous times – he does not call the plays. I absolutely influence it, he said. Sometimes I suggest. But I'd have to say rarely. I do not call plays. Previous LSU offensive coordinators Jimbo Fisher and Gary Crowton, who had very successful passing offenses in 2005-06 and '07 respectively, each said when they left LSU that Miles largely let them run their offenses. Miles will bring in a 6-4 bowl record as LSU's coach, but he has lost three of his last four. A win in the back end of the season sets the momentum as we go into the off-season, he said. If Miles is to get bowl win No. 7, LSU's defense will have to contain the No. 2 total offense in the nation as Texas Tech averages 594.5 yards a game. Quarterback Patrick Mahomes is No. 3 in the nation with 4,283 passing yards on the season. LSU is No. 25 in the nation in total defense with 342.5 yards allowed a game, but is 46th against the pass with 211 yards allowed a game. Our secondary will be looking forward to that challenge, Miles said. They're very diverse. They get lined up and get it going quickly. Texas Tech is No. 2 in the nation in scoring offense with 46.6 points a game. LSU is No. 44 in scoring defense with 24 points allowed a game. The two teams have one common opponent this season. The Red Raiders beat Arkansas, 35-24, on Sept. 19, and Arkansas beat LSU, 31-14, on Nov. 14. LSU leads the all-time series against Texas Tech, 2-0, with 20-13 and 19-14 wins in 1954 and '57. We're very glad to be invited to the Texas Bowl in Houston, Miles said. It's a great venue for players, fans. Our recruiting efforts there are significant. It's a major city and a great place for us. Coverage of LSU and Glenn Guilbeau commentary supported by Hebert's Town and Country Auto Dealer in Shreveport located at 1155 E. Bert Kouns. Research your next Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep or RAM at http://www.hebertstandc.com Brandon Harris, Cam Cameron, Jimbo Fisher, Les Miles, Louisiana State University, LSU Tigers, Mississippi State University, NCAA LSU, Stadiums, Texas Tech University, SEC News Carson Fulmer through the years A look at quarterback Cord Sandberg's Auburn football career A look at Auburn Tigers basketball forward Anfernee McLemore News· March 8, 2021 11:24 am ·By: USA TODAY Sports News· December 9, 2020 3:13 pm ·By: USA TODAY Sports News· December 9, 2020 3:13 pm ·By: USA TODAY Sports Former Vanderbilt and Titans linebacker Jamie Winborn shoots pilot for Bar Talk. Jeremy Pruitt on having Aubrey Solomon, Trey Smith available for Tennessee's opener IndyCar Weekly - Sato's comeback season winding down News· October 7, 2020 2:57 pm ·By: USA TODAY Sports News· July 5, 2020 5:55 pm ·By: USA TODAY Sports News· February 27, 2020 4:30 pm ·By: Tim Gardner News· December 9, 2019 10:53 am ·By: USA TODAY Sports Powered by WordPress VIP More Information Enter your email address in order to finish logging in. Are you sure you want to save an incomplete bracket? | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Definition, Diagnosis, and Management
by Marsha Hudnall MS, RDN, CD
3 Flares Facebook 1 Twitter 2 Google+ 0 Pin It Share 0 LinkedIn 0 Email -- 3 Flares ×
Do you have irregular menstrual periods, sometimes missing cycles and/or experiencing excessive bleeding? If so, you might be one of the estimated 70% of women with irregular menstrual cycles who have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO or PCOS). A hereditary disorder that creates a hormonal imbalance, PCO produces higher than normal levels of male hormones.
Symptoms Can Include:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Obesity | Defining symptoms and treatment for PCOS
• irregular periods
• fertility issues
• male pattern hair growth or loss
• acne
• mood changes
• sleep apnea or excessive snoring
• in some women, ovarian cysts
In addition, many women with PCOS struggle with weight gain and are at risk for developing elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. Clearly, it’s not a problem to be ignored.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCO) & Insulin Resistance
Physicians use a variety of criteria for diagnosing and/or treating PCOS. One of the more common symptoms – insulin resistance – is also thought to play a role in causing the problem in the first place. When a woman is insulin resistant, blood sugar levels can be elevated, resulting in a variety of problems. Elevated insulin levels also occur, which can create more male hormones and enhance their effect.
Not all women with polycystic ovaries are insulin resistant. However, it is more common in women with PCOS who struggle with weight. Women with a waist circumference of more than 35 inches are also more likely to be insulin resistant. As little as a 5% loss of body weight may be beneficial.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCO): Managing Insulin Resistance through Dietary and Nutrition Changes
While medication is commonly prescribed for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, a healthy lifestyle — regular physical activity and healthy eating – is generally recommended as the first line of defense for managing insulin resistance. Adopting a healthy lifestyle often leads to weight loss, which can improve PCO symptoms in and of itself. Excess body fat in the abdominal region, where it often accumulates in women with PCOS, can contribute to insulin resistance.
Managing carbohydrate intake is the focus of a healthy eating plan for insulin resistance in PCOS. Carbohydrate intake is often managed at 40 to 50% of calories and high quality carbohydrate-based foods such as fruits, dairy, and whole grains are best when spread out fairly evenly through out the day. Following guidelines for type 2 diabetes meal planning can be helpful for those with insulin resistance.
Omega-3 fatty acids – found in foods such as salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring, flax seed/oil, walnuts, pumpkin seeds and many fortified foods — may also be helpful in managing insulin resistance. Omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in ovulation as well as improving insulin sensitivity. Obtaining these fatty acids from fish, as opposed to nuts and seeds, is preferable. Supplements may also be advised by your healthcare professional. Also, a mix of fats rich in omega 3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats like olive or canola oil is recommended while simultaneously reducing intake of saturated and trans fatty acids, which may actually contribute to insulin resistance.
Saturated fats are primarily found in animal foods such as meats and dairy products. Trans fats are mainly found in fried foods, shortenings and margarines as well as many baked goods like cookies, crackers, and donuts, although manufacturers are actively eliminating trans fats from many products. Check the nutrition label for information about the type of fat in foods.
Generally speaking, an eating plan rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish, moderate-fat dairy, nuts and seeds is a good place to start to manage insulin resistance. Balancing meals using the Healthy Eating Plate Model is also an easy way to address portion sizes and the need for a managed carbohydrate intake.
Why not join us and take charge of your PCOS needs? Attend our core healthy weight loss program to work with our professional staff to tailor a nutrition and fitness approach to meet your special needs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
Last updated on
The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test is used to measure how effective therapies are. The result of the test is the sleep latency time. If the therapy is trying to lower excessive daytime sleepiness, the goal is to have the sleep latency be high. If the goal is to keep people awake when they would otherwise be sleeping (e.g. military applications, certain jobs), the goal is to keep the sleep latency high.
In a comprehensive sleep diagnostic regimen, the MWT is done the morning after the nighttime polysomnogram, although the MWT is sometimes given as a stand-alone test. The subject of the test sits upright in bed with electrodes connected to his/her body. Measurements include any or all of: EEG (for measuring brain waves), electrooculography (for measuring activity on the retina), electromyography (for measuring muscles on the head), and electrocardiography (for measuring heart activity). The room is kept dark. Usually a technologist can look in through a video remote. When the subject falls asleep, the total time to get to sleep (sleep latency) is recorded, and the technologist awakens the subject usually within a couple minutes.
Medical practitioners who use the MWT generally consider 40 minutes the maximum they will measure. If the subject does not fall asleep, the test is ended. People who can keep awake that long are considered at very low risk of becoming drowsy. The shortest time is 8 minutes. If sleep latency is 8 minutes or less, the person is essentially on verge of sleep. If sleep latency is only this low a few hours after normal wake-up time, the person is considered likely to have a sleep disorder. A doctor uses this result to make a diagnosis.
Additional Resources:
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Windows
How to fix Indigo Error on Kodi
Kodi is a free open-source media player which is available for multiple devices and several platforms. It allows a user to stream or play media such as videos, pictures, podcasts, and music. There are loads of customizable options in Kodi which allow the user to set the application according to his will. Kodi has a mechanism of add-ons which are developed by third-party developers. These add-ons allow the user to enhance his experience and add several functionalities to his existing Kodi software.
Add-on Indigo Error on Kodi
Indigo Error on Kodi
Once such add-on is Indigo. Indigo add-on is a suite of repair and diagnostic tools to keep your Kodi in a healthy state by scanning it every once in a while and performing the necessary changes if needed. However, users report that they get an Indigo error when opening Kodi which doesn’t allow them to use the platform at all.
What causes the Indigo Error on Kodi?
There are very limited reasons why you might encounter an Indigo error on your Kodi. Some of them are listed below:
• You might encounter this error because of a bad update. There are several reports that versions like 4.0.4 induced many errors which forced the module to go in an error state.
• The Indigo module is corrupt or incomplete because of which you are prompted the error message.
• If Indigo prompts you an error with and refers to the log messages, there may be a case where another add-on or module is in an error state and Indigo is unable to fix it.
Before starting the solutions, make sure that you have an active internet connection.
Solution 1: Updating/Rolling back your version
The primary reason why you cannot playback or use your Kodi is that of a bad update. Since add-ons are made by third-party developers and Kodi itself is updated recently, there is a high probability that the new update started causing problems.
Latest version of Kodi (Krypton)
Kodi version 17- Krypton
Now there are two things to look at: the version of the add-on and the version of Kodi itself. First, make sure that both the modules are updated to the latest version available. Secondly, if you have everything updated, you can roll back to a previous version in both cases one by one and check if this solved the error message. There have been many reports that version such as 4.0.4/17 caused error messages at a large scale and hence broke the module.
Solution 2: Reinstalling Indigo
If updating/rolling back doesn’t solve the issue, you can uninstall Indigo from your Kodi completely and check if this solves the error message. If it does, you can attempt at installing Indigo again from a fresh repository. There are situations where the module might be incomplete or damaged because of which the error message pops up.
1. Navigate to the add-ons section in Kodi, right-click on Indigo and select Add-on information.
Add-on Information of Indigo on Kodi
Add-on information Indigo
1. Now select Uninstall from the list of options available. After uninstalling Indigo, restart your computer and check if this solves the error message.
Uninstall option for add-on Indigo on Kodi
Uninstall- Indigo
If the error message doesn’t show up again, you can attempt at installing Indigo again from scratch from a fresh repository and see if this does the trick.
1. Open the File Manager in Kodi and select Add source from the left navigation bar.
Add source option in Kodi File manager
Add source- File manager Kodi
1. Enter the path as (http://fusion.tvaddons.co/) and name the media source as indigo. Press OK to save changes.
Adding Fusion TV as a file source in Kodi
http://fusion.tvaddons.co/
1. Now click on the little box on the top-right side of the screen in the add-ons page in Kodi.
Adding a new add-on in Kodi
Add Add-on
1. Now select Install from zip file from the next menu.
Option of installing add-on through zip file- Kodi
Install from zip file
1. Now navigate to the directory we just made and click the folder begin-here.
Accessing Indigo directory
Navigate to Indigo directory and access it
1. Now select the version of Indigo available on the screen and proceed with the installation.
Choosing the latest version if Indigo Plugin
Latest version if Indigo plugin
1. After installing, restart your Kodi completely and check if Indigo is installed properly without any error messages.
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How to fix Indigo Error on Kodi
If the issue is with your Computer or a Laptop you should try using Reimage Plus which can scan the repositories and replace corrupt and missing files. This works in most cases, where the issue is originated due to a system corruption. You can download Reimage by clicking the Download button below.
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Hakimpur Upazila
Hakimpur is an upazila of Dinajpur District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Geography
Hakimpur Upazila is located at 25.2833°N, 89.0167°W. It has 22,895 households and total area 99.92 km2.
Hakimpur Upazila is bounded by Nawabganj and Birampur Upazilas on the north, Nawabganj and Ghoraghat Upazila on the east, Panchbibi Upazila in Joypurhat District on the south and Hili CD Block in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India, and Birampur Upazila on the west.
The second-largest land port of Bangladesh, Hili Land Port, is situated here.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Hakimpur Upazila had 22,895 households and a population of 92,599. 19,296 (20.84%) were under 10 years of age. Hakimpur had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 54.72%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 963 females per 1000 males. 28,411 (30.68%) lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 3,059 (3.30%), of which Oraon were 1,868 and Santal 876.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Hakimpur has a population of 66875. Males constitute 51.22% of the population, and females 48.78%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 35649. Hakimpur has an average literacy rate of 30.1% (7+ years), better than the national average of 32.4%..
Administration
Hakimpur Thana was formed in 1950 and it was turned into an upazila in 1984.
Hakimpur Upazila is divided into Hakimpur Municipality and three union parishads: Alihat, Boalder, and Khattamadobpara. The union parishads are subdivided into 69 mauzas and 83 villages.
Hakimpur Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 17 mahallas.
Pouroshova
* Hakimpur
Unions
* Alihat
* khottamadabpara
* Boyaldar | WIKI |
How to skip entry when using TSelector?
ROOT Version: 6.26.04
Platform: Ubuntu 20.04
Compiler: g++ 9.4.0
Hello, I wonder how to skip some entries that do not meet criteria when using TSelector?
Below is an example when using traditional event loop:
TFile* file = new TFile("test.root","read");
TTree* tree = (TTree*)file->Get("TestTree");
Int_t x;
tree->SetBranchAddress("x",&x);
Int_t nEntries = tree->GetEntries();
for (int entry = 0; entry < nEntries; entry++)
{
tree->GetEntry(entry);
if(x>=10) continue; // skip events that x>=10;
printf("x=%d\n",x);
}
When using TSelector, I do not have control of the event loop. I tried to do something in the Bool_t Selector::Process(Long64_t entry) like this:
Bool_t Selector::Process(Long64_t entry)
{
// The Process() function is called for each entry in the tree (or possibly
// keyed object in the case of PROOF) to be processed. The entry argument
// specifies which entry in the currently loaded tree is to be processed.
// It can be passed to either Selector::GetEntry() or TBranch::GetEntry()
// to read either all or the required parts of the data. When processing
// keyed objects with PROOF, the object is already loaded and is available
// via the fObject pointer.
//
// This function should contain the "body" of the analysis. It can contain
// simple or elaborate selection criteria, run algorithms on the data
// of the event and typically fill histograms.
//
// The processing can be stopped by calling Abort().
//
// Use fStatus to set the return value of TTree::Process().
//
// The return value is currently not used.
if (x >= 10)
{
return kFALSE;
}
printf("x=%d\n", x);
return kTRUE;
}
Is this the proper way to skip some entries, or do the “preselection”?
Thanks!
Looks fine to me.
This topic was automatically closed 14 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Guidance: Uploading to Google Drive over a slow, flaky connection
Looking for any guidance, success stories / failure stories / recipes for using RClone to sync to a large folder of hundreds of thousands of 4-10mb files over a slow (think 2G) flaky (regularly drops out every 30-40 minutes) connection.
• Does RClone handle dropped connections gracefully?
• Should I restart via cron every 15 minutes?
• What connection settings are recommended for number of threads / checkers?
• Can RClone handle starting the transfer, then recognizing when more files are added to the local directory? (or will it need to be run again?)
• Would speed be helped (or hurt) by keeping all files in one directory, or in sub-directories (new files will generally only be added to newer sub-directories, ie after a few months, older sub-directories will no longer get new files…)
Thanks!
1 Like
It should do yes.
No, rclone should detect timeouts and retry.
Try the defaults - these are reasonably conservative. If things are really going wrong, try --transfers 1 --checkers 1
No not at the moment.
rclone has to do a separate API call for each directory with Google Drive and it can only retrieve 1000 files in a listing at once. It is probably most efficient if you put all the files in one directory, but the directory listing phase isn’t usually the bottleneck so in practice you’ll probably find it makes very little difference. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
London, England Jamaican activist and African nationalist Marcus Garvey, a black man from the West Indies, was the first to forcefully speak about the concept of African nationalism—of black people returning to Africa, the continent of their forefathers, in order to build a great nation of their own.
Garvey is considered a prophet by his followers, because of the inspiration he brought to the black race. He took a group of people that thought they had no place in this world and united them together which gave them pride in their race.
He also had a tremendous affect on the creation of Rastafarianism. When Marcus Mosiah Garvey passed away his words were not forgotten.
His message is still alive in reggae music and his actions have greatly impacted the black race. He led the largest black movement in all of history, although there were many obstacles he had to overcome to successfully create the change he imagined.
Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica, on August 17,in the little town of St. He grew up in a family that had a very strong sense of closeness and unity, similar to most Jamaican families. He watched his father stand up for himself at all costs whenever he was struggling.
This atmosphere encouraged Marcus to pursue his goals and not let anything stand in his way. This is how he found the courage to succeed in life, even if the color of his skin could hinder his success.
Marcus expressed to his followers that the color of their skin signified a glorious symbol of national greatness.
He got a job in Kingston, Jamaica at a printing press with his godfather. This taught Marcus the printing trade and many journalistic techniques that helped him out later on in life.
By the time Marcus was twenty he became a master printer and got the stimulation to start organizing public meetings in favor of his fellow workers. This started his life as an orator. He also developed the speaking skills he needed in order to uplift a group of people that felt they had no opportunities in society.
Through these public meetings and encouragement from a well-educated Negro, Dr. Love, Marcus realized that he had the chance to improve the life of black workers. This is when he realized he had to devote his life to establishing a program to enlighten all black people of their opportunities in this world.
But he continued to travel and went to Limon, Panama, and London were he established a few newspapers and saw the conditions of black people in various places. InGarvey came home to Jamaica and was ready to start his program and liberate his race. Garvey was determined that the black man would not continue to be kicked about by all the other races and nations of the world, and a new world of black men, not peons, serfs, dogs, and slaves, but a nation of sturdy men making their impress upon civilization and causing a new light to dawn upon the human race.
He wanted to bring the black race together and show the people how to have race pride and love. This did not discourage Garvey and he decided to see if could receive more support for his program in the United States.
He wrote to the founder of the Tuskegee Institute and received an eager invitation to come to the United States to share their ideas. Washington, but by the time Garvey got to the United States Washington passed away. It was just at the end of World War I and many people in the United States did not have any way to improve their life.
As well with the abolishment of slavery, there was an increase in mobility out of the South. A Universal Negro Improvement Association. He was even traveling around the United States to further branch out the association. The newspaper encouraged the subscribers and let them express their ideas on various issues, if they wanted to mail in an article it was accepted and appreciated.
There was stock sold for this company to any black person that had the desire to travel back to Africa. He purchased his first ship, named the Yarmouth, which could hold 1, gross tons.
It took the Yarmouth time to get the necessary funds to go on its first voyage, but in November the ship was ready for its first voyage. Garvey had problems both insuring and financing the ships.
Also, his only support came from his followers and was looked down upon by the majority of the population. At first, he was looking to charge Garvey with criminal activity, but could only accuse him of mail fraud. When Garvey was arrested he tried to appeal his convictions, but they were never accepted.
President Calvin Coolidge altered his sentence and Garvey was deported back to Jamaica in This gave Garvey the courage and inspiration to continue spreading his ideas and gathering people together. Even though, he was forced to leave the United States he accomplished the largest black movement in history.
Ethiopia, thou land of our fathers, Thou land where the gods loved to be, As storm cloud at night suddenly gathers Our armies come rushing to thee. Advance, advance to victory, Advance to meet the foe With the might Of the red, the black, and the green.Born as Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr.
in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Marcus Garvey was the youngest of the eleven children of Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr., a mason and Sarah Jane Richards, a domestic worker. He received his primary education from elementary schools in St. Ann's Bay.
6 Major Accomplishments of Marcus Garvey Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. was a prominent political leader and championed civil rights. Born on 17th August in Jamaica, Marcus Garvey became an entrepreneur, a political activist and was known for his oratorical skills.
The Life And Times Of Marcus Garvey Home / Marcus Garvey was born in St Ann's Bay, St Ann, on August 17, to Malcus "Marcus" Mosiah Garvey, a mason and . Marcus Garvey, in full Marcus Moziah Garvey, (born August 17, , St.
Ann’s Bay, Jamaica—died June 10, , London, England), charismatic black leader who organized the first important American black nationalist movement (–26), based in New York City’s Harlem. Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a man that lived a life with a mission.
Although his journey may have seemed impossible, his never-ending strength and dedication caused many people’s dreams and . Early life Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, on August 17, , the youngest child of a stonemason (one who prepares stones for building).Died: Jun 10, | FINEWEB-EDU |
5 Steps to Remove Bias From Machine Learning Algorithms
Proactively identifying edge cases and constantly checking your model help remove unwanted bias.
Written by Duncan Curtis
Published on Feb. 06, 2024
5 Steps to Remove Bias From Machine Learning Algorithms
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We tend to think that algorithms are better at making decisions than we are – they’re machines unaffected by human emotion. But just like us, algorithms can have biases. After all, humans create algorithms, and we have biases that we work to eliminate. At best, a model reflects the biases of the data that goes into training it. At worst, it enhances those biases.
5 Ways to Get Rid of Bias in Machine Learning Algorithms
1. Prioritize data diversity.
2. Proactively identify your edge cases.
3. Obtain high-quality, accurate and consistent data annotation.
4. Understand where and why your model is failing.
5. Constantly check in on your model.
A biased algorithm has real-world consequences, however. For example, concerns have already been raised about AI reinforcing long-standing racial biases in healthcare. Studies show that humans can pick up biases from the models they’re using, even if they didn’t develop the model themselves and even after they stop interacting with the AI. This means humans and AI can keep feeding biases to each other in a potentially infinite loop.
So what’s a developer to do? We at Sama have found five key steps to take throughout the AI lifecycle that reduce biases.
Bye-bye biasAlgorithmic Bias and the Tools Working to Prevent It
Prioritize Data Diversity
Any model, whether it’s assigning credit scores or scanning a crop field, is only as good as its data, and it needs a lot more data than a human can reasonably look at in order to make the right decisions. Even so, you can and should analyze the data you’re using to make sure you understand what your model is learning.
Take, for instance, a model being used in agricultural technology. A computer vision model that’s scanning a field would have to handle the following variables to be effective: weather patterns, different soil types and coloration, a wide number of pest species, disease signifiers, weeds that often can closely mimic the plants they are mixed in with…and that’s just the beginning.
For example, in an ag-tech model, two types of insects look almost alike. One helps your customers’ fields and the other does not. If the data doesn’t adequately cover both types of insects, then a model may miss a need to spray and result in higher crop loss.
This can’t be a one-and-done step at the beginning of development. Instead, build flexibility into your development process to look for lurking problems in your data. Once you’ve identified examples of bias in your training data, you can then use tools to find more of that potentially problematic data to correct any issues by adding in more diverse data — or even removing the problematic data altogether.
Ultimately, if you don’t have enough data diversity and your data doesn’t reflect the real world accurately, biases could end up being self-perpetuating.
Proactively Identify Your Edge Cases
Edge cases are important enough that they’re worth calling out on their own. For example, what does a pedestrian look like in autonomous driving? It seems like a simple question to address, but when a vehicle could hit and injure or even kill someone, these edge cases become critical. Depending on the weather, someone’s outfit, say if they are dressed in gray on an overcast day, could make it hard for the model to distinguish them as a person.
Just as it is impossible for a person to look at all of a model’s data at once, it is also impossible to include every imaginable pedestrian, outfit and weather type into the model’s data. It would be too unwieldy and require too much computing power.
Actively look at your data and where your data may be biased in identifying (or not identifying) pedestrians correctly and then feeding in more data to proactively address the issue reduces the risk of your model making the wrong decision at the worst possible time. In fact, this is where synthetic data may end up playing the biggest role: when validated, it can fill in the edge case gaps traditional data leaves behind.
Aim for Accurate and Consistent Data Annotation
Noise in your data is inevitable. So are errors in your annotated data, because humans are making those mistakes while they annotate. Although 95 percent of data accuracy is an acceptable threshold in some cases, digging deeper into the data can show that there are still gaps.
Here’s an example: Annotating motorcycles for an autonomous driving model. The overall dataset might be reading as 97 percent accurate, but if motorcycles are only correctly annotated about 50 percent of the time, then the model will have a lot of difficulty in registering motorcycles on the road.
These mistakes can compound on themselves and be further exacerbated if the annotators working on your project don’t have clear instructions. Thinking back to our AgTech example of the two insects, having the right amount of data is important, but so is making sure that the annotators know about both types of insects and what is required. If the instructions you give your annotators don’t differentiate between the two, and the annotators don’t realize there’s a difference, your model could lump all of these bugs together and result in farmers using more pesticides than are really necessary.
Obviously, you want to choose a partner with proven experience in your industry, but some of the responsibility falls on you, too, to collaborate with your annotation partner to make sure instructions are clear and specific to come as close to complete accuracy and consistency as possible.
Understand Where and Why Your Model Is Failing
All models make mistakes. Because model explainability is somewhat of a black box, it can be hard to increase performance in a meaningful way. A human-in-the-loop (HITL) model validation process can dramatically increase long-tail performance and drive model maturity by validating predictions and providing visibility into exactly when and where your models are failing.
A HITL validation approach provides deep-level insights into where false positives and negatives are happening or which scenarios a model is more likely to make an inaccurate prediction. For example, if an autonomous driving model is only correctly identifying buses 30 percent of the time, and 40 percent of the time it mistakes buses for trucks, that’s a critical issue and one that can be rectified. It could be as simple as adding a new vehicle class such as “delivery vehicle” that better describes some of the mistakes being made with current labels.
Once you understand where and why your model is failing, you can then source new training data to fine-tune your model and ultimately improve performance.
learn more about biasStatistical Bias: 6 Types of Bias in Statistics
Constantly Check In on Your Model
Nothing in the world is static, so why should your model be? For example, climate change can have a significant effect on weather conditions. As a result, our ag-tech model with the insects will need to keep up with changes to soil conditions (like more cracks) or color (less saturated hues of brown or black) due to differing amounts of rainfall.
Another example would be in a model used in retail to make recommendations about pieces that coordinate with a top or a new couch that a customer is buying. Because these models rely on trends, they need updating with those trends, for instance popular styles or color schemes.
Even if there isn’t a major change to the situation your model operates in, evaluating its performance should be a regular part of your process. By regularly checking in on your model’s decisions, you can detect changes or biases before they become true problems.
As ML models continue to proliferate, mitigating the effects of bias is becoming more important than ever. It starts in the data that powers your model, from a representative set to an adequately labeled one, and the process never really ends. Through close work with annotation partners and constant evaluation, you can build a less-biased, better-performing model. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brooklyn Store and Post Office
Brooklyn Store and Post Office is a historic country store and post office located at Brooklyn, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built about 1850, and is a two-story, frame building. It features a Greek Revival pedimented front gable with its flush-board tympanum. The store operated in conjunction with the nearby Brooklyn Tobacco Factory, serving the small community of Brooklyn and surrounding farms. The store and post office remained in operation until 1903.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. | WIKI |
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Solana ABI management process
This document proposes the Solana ABI management process. The ABI management process is an engineering practice and a supporting technical framework to avoid introducing unintended incompatible ABI changes.
Problem
The Solana ABI (binary interface to the cluster) is currently only defined implicitly by the implementation and requires a very careful eye to notice breaking changes. This makes it extremely difficult to upgrade the software on an existing cluster without rebooting the ledger.
Requirements and objectives
• Unintended ABI changes can be detected as CI failures mechanically.
• Newer implementation must be able to process the oldest data (since genesis) once we go mainnet.
• The objective of this proposal is to protect the ABI while sustaining rather rapid development by opting for a mechanical process rather than a very long human-driven auditing process.
• Once signed cryptographically, data blob must be identical, so no in-place data format update is possible regardless of inbound and outbound of the online system. Also, considering the sheer volume of transactions we're aiming to handle, retrospective in-place update is undesirable at best.
Solution
Instead of natural human's eye due-diligence, which should be assumed to fail regularly, we need a systematic assurance of not breaking the cluster when changing the source code.
For that purpose, we introduce a mechanism of marking every ABI-related things in source code (structs, enums) with the new #[frozen_abi] attribute. This takes hard-coded digest value derived from types of its fields via ser::Serialize. And the attribute automatically generates a unit test to try to detect any unsanctioned changes to the marked ABI-related things.
However, the detection cannot be complete; no matter how hard we statically analyze the source code, it's still possible to break ABI. For example, this includes not-derived hand-written ser::Serialize, underlying library's implementation changes (for example bincode), CPU architecture differences. The detection of these possible ABI incompatibilities is out-of-scope for this ABI management.
Definitions
ABI item/type: various types to be used for serialization, which collectively comprises the whole ABI for any system components. For example, those types include structs and enums.
ABI item digest: Some fixed hash derived from type information of ABI item's fields.
Example
+#[frozen_abi(digest="eXSMM7b89VY72V...")]
#[derive(Serialize, Default, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
pub struct Vote {
/// A stack of votes starting with the oldest vote
pub slots: Vec<Slot>,
/// signature of the bank's state at the last slot
pub hash: Hash,
}
Developer's workflow
To know the digest for new ABI items, developers can add frozen_abi with a random digest value and run the unit tests and replace it with the correct digest from the assertion test error message.
Run unit tests using the following command to generate digest values:
SOLANA_ABI_DUMP_DIR=. cargo +nightly test abi
In general, once we add frozen_abi and its change is published in the stable release channel, its digest should never change. If such a change is needed, we should opt for defining a new struct like FooV1. And special release flow like hard forks should be approached.
Implementation remarks
We use some degree of macro machinery to automatically generate unit tests and calculate a digest from ABI items. This is doable by clever use of serde::Serialize ([1]) and any::type_name ([2]). For a precedent for similar implementation, ink from the Parity Technologies [3] could be informational.
Implementation details
The implementation's goal is to detect unintended ABI changes automatically as much as possible. To that end, the digest of structural ABI information is calculated with best-effort accuracy and stability.
When the ABI digest check is run, it dynamically computes an ABI digest by recursively digesting the ABI of fields of the ABI item, by re-using the serde's serialization functionality, proc macro and generic specialization. And then, the check assert!s that its finalized digest value is identical as what is specified in the frozen_abi attribute.
To realize that, it creates an example instance of the type and a custom Serializer instance for serde to recursively traverse its fields as if serializing the example for real. This traversing must be done via serde to really capture what kinds of data actually would be serialized by serde, even considering custom non-derived Serialize trait implementations.
The ABI digesting process
This part is a bit complex. There is three inter-depending parts: AbiExample, AbiDigester and AbiEnumVisitor.
First, the generated test creates an example instance of the digested type with a trait called AbiExample, which should be implemented for all of digested types like the Serialize and return Self like the Default trait. Usually, it's provided via generic trait specialization for most of common types. Also it is possible to derive for struct and enum and can be hand-written if needed.
The custom Serializer is called AbiDigester. And when it's called by serde to serialize some data, it recursively collects ABI information as much as possible. AbiDigester's internal state for the ABI digest is updated differentially depending on the type of data. This logic is specifically redirected via with a trait called AbiEnumVisitor for each enum type. As the name suggests, there is no need to implement AbiEnumVisitor for other types.
To summarize this interplay, serde handles the recursive serialization control flow in tandem with AbiDigester. The initial entry point in tests and child AbiDigesters use AbiExample recursively to create an example object hierarchical graph. And AbiDigester uses AbiEnumVisitor to inquiry the actual ABI information using the constructed sample.
Default isn't enough for AbiExample. Various collection's ::default() is empty, yet, we want to digest them with actual items. And, ABI digesting can't be realized only with AbiEnumVisitor. AbiExample is required because an actual instance of type is needed to actually traverse the data via serde.
On the other hand, ABI digesting can't be done only with AbiExample, either. AbiEnumVisitor is required because all variants of an enum cannot be traversed just with a single variant of it as a ABI example.
Digestible information:
• rust's type name
• serde's data type name
• all fields in struct
• all variants in enum
• struct: normal(struct {...}) and tuple-style (struct(...))
• enum: normal variants and struct- and tuple- styles.
• attributes: serde(serialize_with=...) and serde(skip)
Not digestible information:
• Any custom serialize code path not touched by the sample provided by AbiExample. (technically not possible)
• generics (must be a concrete type; use frozen_abi on concrete type aliases)
References
1. (De)Serialization with type info · Issue #1095 · serde-rs/serde
2. std::any::type_name - Rust
3. Parity's ink to write smart contracts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:RealNamesAreFineZ.E.O
I had done plenty of edits before I made an account, exclusively in scientific, political, or historical article. The one I'm most proud of is the time I fleshed out a description of the battle the caused Cynthia Ann Parker to return to American controlled Texas. | WIKI |
Cal Dorsett
Calvin Leavelle Dorsett (June 10, 1913 – October 22, 1970), nicknamed "Preacher", was an American professional baseball player. The native of Lone Oak, Texas, was a 6 ft, 180 lb right-handed pitcher whose career lasted for nine seasons (1937–1941; 1946–1949). He served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater of Operations, and missed the 1942–1945 baseball seasons.
Dorsett worked in eight games pitched, two as a starter, in the Major Leagues for the Cleveland Indians in 1940–1941 and 1947. In 13⅔ innings pitched, he allowed 25 hits, 13 bases on balls and 18 earned runs. He struck out six. | WIKI |
Songs for Groovy Children: The Fillmore East Concerts
Songs For Groovy Children: The Fillmore East Concerts is a chronologically sequenced collection of American musician Jimi Hendrix's 1969–1970 New Years recorded performances at the Fillmore East in New York City. It was released as a box set of five-CDs on November 22, 2019 and an eight-LP set on December 13.
With over five hours of recorded music, the box set contains 43 songs, which Experience Hendrix (the current managers of Hendrix's recording legacy) note "assembles all four concerts from New Year’s Eve 1969 and New Year’s Day 1970". Several previously unreleased recordings are included, along with longer versions of some already issued. However, at least five songs were left off and at least one other was edited for the box set.
Background and recording
Not long after his performance at the Woodstock Festival on August 18, 1969, Hendrix began rehearsing and recording with drummer Buddy Miles and bassist Billy Cox. As part of deal to settle a contract dispute, Hendrix agreed to deliver an album to Capitol Records. To meet this, four sets of performances over two nights at the Fillmore East auditorium in New York City were recorded by the trio. Sound engineer Wally Heider, who had recorded Hendrix live several times, including at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and Woodstock, supervised the recording.
Songs
Since Hendrix was obligated to supply an album of new material, the set lists for the Fillmore East shows contained mostly new songs. Although songs such as "Lover Man", "Hear My Train A Comin'", and "Bleeding Heart" had often been played by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, they had not been issued on record. At Woodstock, Hendrix performed early versions of "Message to Love", "Izabella", and part of "Stepping Stone", which were not released officially until the 1990s (although studio versions of the last two were released as a single in the U.S. in April 1970).
In addition to these tunes, several new Hendrix compositions were debuted and recorded: "Power of Soul", "Machine Gun", "Ezy Ryder", "Earth Blues", "Burning Desire", and "Who Knows". Miles also supplied a couple of originals: "Changes" and the jam number "We Gotta Live Together". The set lists included the Jerry Ragovoy and Mort Shuman composition "Stop" (a hit in 1968 for R&B singer Howard Tate) sung by Miles. The popular Experience numbers "Stone Free", "Foxey Lady", "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)", and "Purple Haze" were sometimes played for encores.
Experience Hendrix indicates that Songs For Groovy Children "boasts over two dozen tracks that have either never before been released commercially or have been newly pressed and newly remixed". Tracks not previously officially released in one form or another, include "Ezy Ryder", "Changes", "Message to Love", and "Stop" from the December 31 second show; and "Lover Man", "Steal Away", "Hey Joe", and "Purple Haze" from the January 1 second show. Additionally, longer versions of previously released tracks include "Who Knows" and "Stone Free" from December 31, 1969 second show; "Who Knows" and "Stop" from January 1, 1970 first show; and "Power of Soul", "Changes", "Machine Gun", and "We Gotta Live Together" from January 1, 1970 second show. However, AllMusic critic Sean Westergaard notes that "We Gotta Live Together" lasts "just under ten minutes", while the full performance lasted 18 minutes.
Critical reception
In a review for AllMusic, Sean Westergaard gave Songs for Groovy Children four out of five stars. He notes the high quality sound and more comprehensive presentation of the four shows: "this is an amazing set. The band is completely locked into each other and Hendrix turns in some truly astonishing playing. Hearing all four shows gives a better idea of how improvised some of these performances were, yet how in tune the players were with each other." However, he feels that inclusion of longer versions of songs originally edited for the 1970 Band of Gypsys album "doesn't necessarily make for better listening" and that "the five complete tracks left off the second December 31 set... should have been included."
Personnel
Musicians
* Billy Cox – bass, vocals
* Jimi Hendrix – guitar, vocals, original recordings producer (as Heaven Research)
* Buddy Miles – drums, vocals
Production personnel
* Bernie Grundman – mastering engineer
* Chandler Harrod – studio mixing engineer
* Wally Heider – live recording engineer
* Janie Hendrix – producer
* Eddie Kramer – mixing engineer, producer
* John McDermott – producer | WIKI |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 18.pdf/180
The Green Bag PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 84.00 PER ANNUM. SINGLE NUMBERS 50 CENTS. Communications in regard to the conteats of the Magazine should be addressed to the Editor, S. R. WRIGHTINGTON, 31 State Street, Boston, Mass. The Editor will be glad to receive contributions of articles of moderate length upon subjects of interest to the profession; also anything in the way of legal antiquities, facetiae, and anecdotes.
CURRENT LEGAL LITERATURE This department is designed to call attention to the articles in all the leading legal periodicals of the preceding ma/it/i and to new law books sent us for review.
AGENCY ( Ratification). In the February Michigan Law Review (V. iv, p. 269) Prof. Floyd R. Mechem publishes an adaptation from his forthcoming new edition of his treatise on agency under the title of " The Effect of Ratification as Between the Principal and the Other Party." It is impossible to adequately summarize the greater part of this closely reasoned article. The most important dis cussion in it relates to the right of the principal to ratify a contract for the purpose of enforcing rights against the third party. It is contended that until such ratification there is no mutu ality in the contract, and, therefore, no consid eration to bind the third party, and that, therefore, the right to ratify for this purpose should be denied in the absence of something showing the other party's present adherence to the contract. This is the Wisconsin rule. The English courts admit a ratification within a reasonable time even though the other party has previously attempted to withdraw. The other American courts allow ratification within a reasonable time unless the third party has previously signified his withdrawal. BANKRUPTCY. " Interstate Chaos," an address before the Commercial Law League of America by William H. Hotchkiss, is published in the January American Lawyer (V. xiv, p. 7). It urges the maintenance of the national bankruptcy act. BAR ASSOCIATIONS. The new " Associa tion Internationale des Advocats " is described by Professor Simeon E. Baldwin in the Feb ruary Yale Law Journal (V. xv, p. 163). He regards it as a result of the. general tendency
of the times during the last half century towards collectivism and as the natural result of the local and national bar associations formed during that period. The first Congress at Brussels, in 1897, was a purely European one, and its chief work was to establish a per manent committee on organization, and to provide for the calling of a second meeting. For various reasons the second meeting was delayed until last summer. It was partici pated in chiefly by Europeans, though a repre sentative of the American Bar Association, who was unable to be present, gave his adhesion in writing, and it is expected that in future Americans will be identified with the new association which the Congress of last summer decided to form. It was decided that the next meeting should be held in three years. CARRIERS ( Passengers). The cases relat ing to " The Creation of the Relation of Carrier and Passenger " are quoted and analyzed by Joseph H. Beale, Jr. in the February Harvard Law Review (V. xix, p. 250). After classifying and discussing the cases under the several heads of " Payment of Fare," " Waiting at Station for a Train," " Boarding a Moving Train," " Boarding a Street Car or Omnibus," "Riding in a Place Not Intended for Passen gers," " Stealing a Ride," and " Guest of a Servant of the Carrier," he concludes that " the cases follow closely the principle that to prove himself a passenger one must prove either actual acceptance as such by a servant having authority, or else, an exact compliance with the terms of an invitation extended by the carrier to the public." | WIKI |
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Files in directory ext/async of check-in 50edc2f9141bd132
Normally, when SQLite writes to a database file, it waits until the write
operation is finished before returning control to the calling application.
Since writing to the file-system is usually very slow compared with CPU
bound operations, this can be a performance bottleneck. This directory
contains an extension that causes SQLite to perform all write requests
using a separate thread running in the background. Although this does not
reduce the overall system resources (CPU, disk bandwidth etc.) at all, it
allows SQLite to return control to the caller quickly even when writing to
the database, eliminating the bottleneck.
1. Functionality
1.1 How it Works
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Locking and Concurrency
2. Compilation and Usage
3. Porting
1. FUNCTIONALITY
With asynchronous I/O, write requests are handled by a separate thread
running in the background. This means that the thread that initiates
a database write does not have to wait for (sometimes slow) disk I/O
to occur. The write seems to happen very quickly, though in reality
it is happening at its usual slow pace in the background.
Asynchronous I/O appears to give better responsiveness, but at a price.
You lose the Durable property. With the default I/O backend of SQLite,
once a write completes, you know that the information you wrote is
safely on disk. With the asynchronous I/O, this is not the case. If
your program crashes or if a power loss occurs after the database
write but before the asynchronous write thread has completed, then the
database change might never make it to disk and the next user of the
database might not see your change.
You lose Durability with asynchronous I/O, but you still retain the
other parts of ACID: Atomic, Consistent, and Isolated. Many
appliations get along fine without the Durablity.
1.1 How it Works
Asynchronous I/O works by creating a special SQLite "vfs" structure
and registering it with sqlite3_vfs_register(). When files opened via
this vfs are written to (using the vfs xWrite() method), the data is not
written directly to disk, but is placed in the "write-queue" to be
handled by the background thread.
When files opened with the asynchronous vfs are read from
(using the vfs xRead() method), the data is read from the file on
disk and the write-queue, so that from the point of view of
the vfs reader the xWrite() appears to have already completed.
The special vfs is registered (and unregistered) by calls to the
API functions sqlite3async_initialize() and sqlite3async_shutdown().
See section "Compilation and Usage" below for details.
1.2 Limitations
In order to gain experience with the main ideas surrounding asynchronous
IO, this implementation is deliberately kept simple. Additional
capabilities may be added in the future.
For example, as currently implemented, if writes are happening at a
steady stream that exceeds the I/O capability of the background writer
thread, the queue of pending write operations will grow without bound.
If this goes on for long enough, the host system could run out of memory.
A more sophisticated module could to keep track of the quantity of
pending writes and stop accepting new write requests when the queue of
pending writes grows too large.
1.3 Locking and Concurrency
Multiple connections from within a single process that use this
implementation of asynchronous IO may access a single database
file concurrently. From the point of view of the user, if all
connections are from within a single process, there is no difference
between the concurrency offered by "normal" SQLite and SQLite
using the asynchronous backend.
If file-locking is enabled (it is enabled by default), then connections
from multiple processes may also read and write the database file.
However concurrency is reduced as follows:
* When a connection using asynchronous IO begins a database
transaction, the database is locked immediately. However the
lock is not released until after all relevant operations
in the write-queue have been flushed to disk. This means
(for example) that the database may remain locked for some
time after a "COMMIT" or "ROLLBACK" is issued.
* If an application using asynchronous IO executes transactions
in quick succession, other database users may be effectively
locked out of the database. This is because when a BEGIN
is executed, a database lock is established immediately. But
when the corresponding COMMIT or ROLLBACK occurs, the lock
is not released until the relevant part of the write-queue
has been flushed through. As a result, if a COMMIT is followed
by a BEGIN before the write-queue is flushed through, the database
is never unlocked,preventing other processes from accessing
the database.
File-locking may be disabled at runtime using the sqlite3async_control()
API (see below). This may improve performance when an NFS or other
network file-system, as the synchronous round-trips to the server be
required to establish file locks are avoided. However, if multiple
connections attempt to access the same database file when file-locking
is disabled, application crashes and database corruption is a likely
outcome.
2. COMPILATION AND USAGE
The asynchronous IO extension consists of a single file of C code
(sqlite3async.c), and a header file (sqlite3async.h) that defines the
C API used by applications to activate and control the modules
functionality.
To use the asynchronous IO extension, compile sqlite3async.c as
part of the application that uses SQLite. Then use the API defined
in sqlite3async.h to initialize and configure the module.
The asynchronous IO VFS API is described in detail in comments in
sqlite3async.h. Using the API usually consists of the following steps:
1. Register the asynchronous IO VFS with SQLite by calling the
sqlite3async_initialize() function.
2. Create a background thread to perform write operations and call
sqlite3async_run().
3. Use the normal SQLite API to read and write to databases via
the asynchronous IO VFS.
Refer to sqlite3async.h for details.
3. PORTING
Currently the asynchronous IO extension is compatible with win32 systems
and systems that support the pthreads interface, including Mac OSX, Linux,
and other varieties of Unix.
To port the asynchronous IO extension to another platform, the user must
implement mutex and condition variable primitives for the new platform.
Currently there is no externally available interface to allow this, but
modifying the code within sqlite3async.c to include the new platforms
concurrency primitives is relatively easy. Search within sqlite3async.c
for the comment string "PORTING FUNCTIONS" for details. Then implement
new versions of each of the following:
static void async_mutex_enter(int eMutex);
static void async_mutex_leave(int eMutex);
static void async_cond_wait(int eCond, int eMutex);
static void async_cond_signal(int eCond);
static void async_sched_yield(void);
The functionality required of each of the above functions is described
in comments in sqlite3async.c. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
USS Little Rock
USS Little Rock may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Little Rock (CL-92), a Cleveland-class cruiser launched in 1945, converted to a Galveston-class cruiser in the late 1950s, and serving in that capacity as CLG-4 and CG-4 until decommissioning on 22 November 1976. It is currently part of the museum at Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park.
* USS Little Rock (LCS-9), is a Freedom-class littoral combat ship launched in 2015 and commissioned in 2017. | WIKI |
American Inquisition
American Inquisition is the thirteenth studio album by the band Christian Death. The album was released on Season of Mist on October 15, 2007, worldwide, and on October 23, 2007, in USA and Canada in an exclusive digipak complete with embossing and spot lacquering. The catalogue number is SOM166.
It was previously thought that the next Christian Death album would be called Ten Excuses for Suicide as announced on the official site back in 2003, but this has proved not to be the case.
Track listing
* 1) "Water into Wine" – 5:54
* 2) "Stop Bleeding on Me" – 4:00
* 3) "Narcissus Metamorphosis Of" – 5:38
* 4) "Victim X" – 5:50
* 5) "To Disappear" – 4:23
* 6) "Dexter Said No to Methadone" – 4:18
* 7) "Angels and Drugs" – 4:57
* 8) "Seduction Thy Destruction" – 5:06
* 9) "Worship Along the Nile" – 4:17
* 10) "See You in Hell" – 5:08
* 11) "Surviving Armageddon" – 5:34
* 12) "Last Thing" – 4:44
* 13) "XIII" – 9:50
Personnel
* Valor Kand - vocals, guitars, acoustic strings, synths, drums, percussion
* Maitri - vocals, bass, percussion
* Nate Hassan - drums
* Tila - acoustic keyboards
* Additional musicians:
* Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez - power guitar on "Stop Bleeding on Me"
* Coyote - additional guitar on "Narcissus Metamorphosis Of"
* Adeline Bellart - French monologue | WIKI |
EMERALD POINT, LLC, et al. v. Lindsey HAWKINS, et al.
Record No. 161339
Supreme Court of Virginia.
December 28, 2017
Brian N. Casey (Christopher J. Wiemken ; Robert M. Tata ; Wendy McGraw ; Taylor Walker ; Hunton & Williams, on briefs), Norfolk, for appellants.
Edward F. Halloran, Virginia Beach, for appellees.
Amicus Curiae: Virginia Trial Lawyers Association (Ashley T. Davis; Allen, Allen, Allen, & Allen, Richmond, on brief), in support of appellees.
Present: Lemons, C.J., Mims, McClanahan, Powell, Kelsey, and McCullough, JJ., and Koontz, S.J.
OPINION BY SENIOR JUSTICE LAWRENCE L. KOONTZ, JR.
This appeal arises from a jury verdict in favor of the tenants of an apartment in a premises liability action against the defendants, their landlord and its management company, for injuries alleged to have been caused by carbon monoxide ("CO") poisoning.
BACKGROUND
Familiar principles of appellate review guide our analysis in this case. As the prevailing parties in the trial court, the plaintiffs are entitled to have the evidence and all inferences reasonably drawn from it viewed in the light most favorable to them. Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v. Rogers, 270 Va. 468, 478, 621 S.E.2d 59, 65 (2005). Indeed, as they come armed with a jury verdict approved by the circuit court, the plaintiffs occupy the "most favored position known to the law." Bennett v. Sage Payment Solutions, Inc., 282 Va. 49, 54, 710 S.E.2d 736, 739 (2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). In this context, and because the issues raised by the landlord and its management company on appeal are limited to challenging specific rulings of the trial court, initially we shall recite only the record evidence necessary to establish the foundation for our analysis of those asserted errors.
Lindsey Hawkins, Paul Harmon, Thomas Zamaria, and Edward Guire (collectively, the "tenants") were co-tenants of the apartment unit located at 2163 Dumbarton Drive in the Emerald Point Apartments in Virginia Beach (the "City"), which is managed by The Breeden Company, Inc. ("Breeden") for the owner, Emerald Point, LLC. The unit was heated by a natural gas furnace. On the evening of November 26, 2012, the alarm in the carbon monoxide detector in the unit sounded. A maintenance worker sent by Breeden later that night replaced the batteries in the device, indicating to the tenants that he believed the alarm was merely due to low battery power in the detector, rather than a malfunction in the furnace. Shortly after the maintenance worker left, however, the alarm sounded again.
The following morning, Hawkins called Virginia Natural Gas ("VNG") about the alarm. VNG dispatched an inspector, Charles Basnight, to the apartment. Basnight measured the CO levels in the apartment at 37 parts per million ("ppm"), a rate significantly higher than the normal range and hazardous to human health. Basnight then turned off the gas supply to the furnace and "red tagged" it as the suspected source of the CO leak. On the red tag Basnight indicated that the issue might be a cracked heat exchanger in the furnace. Later that day, Breeden sent maintenance worker Calvin Morris to the tenants' apartment to assess the problem. Morris declared on a City code enforcement corrective action form that he had "[c]hecked furnace for CO[ ] leaks, checked vent pipes for leaks, found vent pipe in attic to 2163, loose[.] Reattached and secured, rechecked CO[] level it was at 0."
Although not licensed to make repairs to heating systems, Morris repaired the vent pipe by using zip screws to secure the sections of the pipe together, which is contrary to manufacturer specifications. Morris later returned to the apartment with Danny Carlson, a code enforcement officer from the City, who likewise determined that the CO levels were within the acceptable range. Carlson did not go into the attic or otherwise inspect the furnace, flue or vents. Carlson then permitted the red tag to be removed from the furnace.
In the early morning hours of January 4, 2013, the alarm in the apartment's carbon monoxide detector sounded again. Although a maintenance worker found no elevated CO readings when sent to the apartment, later that day a VNG inspector found that the CO readings were beyond the acceptable range and again red tagged the furnace.
The same day, Breeden hired a heating and air conditioning contractor to replace the furnace. However, once the new furnace was installed, the CO levels in the tenants' apartment remained high. An inspection in the attic above their apartment resulted in the discovery that the flue of the furnace in the adjoining apartment was not properly connected and was venting exhaust, including CO, into the attic. When this flue was repaired, CO levels in the tenants' apartment returned to an acceptable level.
For purposes of this appeal, it is not disputed that the tenants suffered injuries from being exposed to CO gas. Harmon, Zamaria and Guire suffered relatively minor injuries, while Hawkins' injuries were of a more extensive and permanent nature.
On November 13, 2014, the tenants filed a joint complaint against Breeden and Emerald Point, LLC (hereafter collectively, the "landlord") in the Circuit Court of the City of Virginia Beach. Alleging that the CO exposure resulted from faulty maintenance of the furnace and the associated vent and flue system and that this exposure resulted in their injuries, Harmon, Zamaria and Guire each sought $100,000 in compensatory damages and $350,000 in punitive damages. Hawkins sought $5,000,000 in compensatory damages and $350,000 in punitive damages. The claims for punitive damages were based on an assertion that the landlord had been willful and wanton in failing to maintain the furnace and in failing to employ competent staff.
At the conclusion of the presentation of the evidence at a four-day trial held from May 16 through May 19, 2016, the circuit court ruled that the tenants had failed to establish the requisite level of negligence for punitive damages. Harmon, Zamaria and Guire then were permitted, over the objection of the landlord, to increase their ad damnum prayers for compensatory damages to $450,000. The jury returned its verdicts for the tenants, awarding Harmon, Zamaria and Guire $200,000 each and $3,500,000 to Hawkins. The court entered final judgment in accord with the jury's verdicts in an order dated June 17, 2016. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
We awarded the landlord an appeal on the following assignments of error:
1. The Trial Court erred in admitting the testimony of Dr. Allan Lieberman that had not been disclosed in accordance with Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A)(i).
2. The Trial Court erred in granting an adverse inference jury instruction based on the disposal of the furnace because there was no finding of bad faith, the Defendant had no reason to foresee that the furnace would be material evidence in litigation because all of the evidence indicated the leaks were from the flue pipes, and Plaintiffs failed to present evidence that the furnace was material.
3. The Trial Court erred in admitting the irrelevant and prejudicial testimony of Alan Moore regarding alleged defects in the installation of the new furnace and piping, where such defects were after-the-fact and patently not the cause of the carbon monoxide leak.
4. The Trial Court erred in overruling Defendants' Motion to Drop Misjoined parties where each of the four plaintiffs had distinct and independent claims against the Defendants.
5. The Trial Court erred in granting Plaintiffs' motion to increase the ad damnum after the close of the evidence and over Defendants' objection.
6. The Trial Court erred in failing to set aside the verdicts for each of the Plaintiffs as excessive or, in the alternative, reducing the verdicts or ordering a new trial on damages.
We will address these issues seriatim.
First Assignment of Error-Testimony of Dr. Allan Lieberman
In a pre-trial scheduling order dated October 15, 2015, the circuit court directed that "all information discoverable under Rule 4:l(b)(4)(A)(i) of the Rules of Supreme Court of Virginia shall be provided or the expert will not ordinarily be permitted to express any non-disclosed opinions at trial." Subsequently, in interrogatories served on the tenants, the landlord, essentially tracking the provisions of Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A), requested that they "[i]dentify each expert who you expect to testify at the trial of this matter, stating the substance of the facts and opinions to which each expert is expected to testify and give a summary of the grounds of each opinion including its factual basis." Among other medical providers, Allan Lieberman, M.D., a specialist in environmental medicine and toxicology and one of Hawkins' treating physicians, was designated as an expert witness. The expert designation of Dr. Lieberman incorporated by reference a compact disc containing the medical records of each of the tenants and Dr. Lieberman's curriculum vitae.
The landlord took Dr. Lieberman's discovery deposition, and the parties then took a de bene esse video deposition for use at trial. In a post-trial order dated June 17, 2016, the circuit court memorialized its prior rulings on objections raised by the landlord to various statements in Dr. Lieberman's testimony in the de bene esse deposition. As relevant to this appeal, certain of these objections asserted that the facts and opinions stated by Dr. Lieberman had not been adequately disclosed in response to the interrogatories propounded to the tenants. The circuit court overruled all of these objections.
The landlord properly concedes that the circuit court's ruling on the admissibility of testimony, whether expert or lay, is subject to review for an abuse of the court's discretion. Hyundai Motor Co. v. Duncan, 289 Va. 147, 155, 766 S.E.2d 893, 897 (2015). However, when the issue is whether a fact or opinion which is the subject of expert testimony has been adequately disclosed in response to a proper discovery inquiry under Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A)(i), the "application of this rule begins with determining whether the opinion at issue was disclosed in any form." John Crane, Inc. v. Jones, 274 Va. 581, 591, 650 S.E.2d 851, 856 (2007). The designation of the expert witness must also disclose the "substance of the facts and opinions to which the expert is expected to testify and a summary of the grounds for each opinion." Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A)(i); see also John Crane, 274 Va. at 592-93, 650 S.E.2d at 856-57 (exclusion affirmed where defendant identified topic of the expert's testimony but not the substance of the expert's opinions). Here, the landlord contends that the circuit court's ruling pertaining to Dr. Lieberman's testimony was in error because the record does not support the court's determination that the substance of that testimony was adequately disclosed pursuant to Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A)(i). Accordingly, the landlord contends that the circuit court abused its discretion by permitting aspects of Dr. Lieberman's testimony not adequately disclosed in the tenants' response to interrogatories to be included in the edited video played for the jury. We agree. During his deposition, Dr. Lieberman stated that he had read "in a very recent paper" that "the long-term effect of people who have been exposed to carbon monoxide is that of dementia. A much, much higher percentage of people developed dementia later on in life." However, in the materials provided in response to the landlord's interrogatories, there is only one reference to dementia, which is found in treatment notes for Hawkins, recommending that she take a nutritional supplement that has been found useful "even when dementia already exists." Nowhere in the response to interrogatories, as required by the court's pre-trial scheduling order, did the tenants indicate that Dr. Lieberman would rely on specific scholarly articles, treatises or texts. Moreover, there is no contention that the tenants disclosed 30 days prior to trial the dementia study as required by Virginia Rule of Evidence 2:706(a), and hence there is no contention that this evidence rule justified impromptu reference to the dementia study. Accordingly, we hold that Dr. Lieberman's opinion that persons exposed to carbon monoxide poisoning are at greater risk for developing dementia was not disclosed in any form in the pretrial discovery and that the circuit court erred in overruling the landlord's objection to this statement.
Similarly, Dr. Lieberman testified that in a study of Japanese coal miners, "59% of those miners still had almost a daily headache 33 years later after the initial exposure" to carbon monoxide. Thus, he opined that the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning were subject to a "latency" period and "just because you don't see something manifesting initially" symptoms could develop later in life. However, there was no disclosure in the tenants' responses to the interrogatories that Dr. Lieberman would testify that the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning were subject to a "latency" period and that the tenants would potentially develop new symptoms after a period of latency. Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court erred in not sustaining the landlord's objection to this statement.
In its pre-trial scheduling order, the circuit court in this case specifically indicated that the failure to adequately disclose an expert's expected testimony could result in the expert not being "permitted to express any non-disclosed opinions at trial." In John Crane, we approved the exclusion of non-disclosed opinion testimony as being within the trial court's discretion. 274 Va. at 591-93, 650 S.E.2d at 856-57. Similarly, in Mikhaylov v. Sales, 291 Va. 349, 360-61, 784 S.E.2d 286 (2016), we held that a trial court abused its discretion in permitting expert testimony not disclosed in accordance with the pre-trial scheduling order. Here, we are of opinion that the previously undisclosed opinions in Dr. Lieberman's trial testimony were prejudicial to the landlord and, thus, the court's error in not sustaining the landlord's objections was not harmless.
For these reasons, we will set aside the jury's verdicts and remand the case for a new trial. Although we will reverse under the first assignment of error, we will examine here the remaining assignments of error raised by the landlord to resolve issues that are likely to arise in a new trial on remand. See, e.g., Cain v. Lee, 290 Va. 129, 136, 772 S.E.2d 894, 897 (2015) (citing Harman v. Honeywell Int'l, Inc., 288 Va. 84, 95-96, 758 S.E.2d 515, 522 (2014) ) (considering evidentiary issues that would probably arise on remand where the judgment was reversed on other grounds).
Second Assignment of Error-Spoliation Instruction
After the old furnace was removed from the tenants' apartment on January 4, 2013, it was stored by the landlord in a maintenance bay for more than one year and was later disposed of well before the November 13, 2014 date when the complaint in the present action was filed. In a motion filed May 2, 2016, the tenants sought a jury instruction which would have directed the jury to accept as an undisputed fact that the furnace had a "burned through" combustion chamber and that this was the principal source of CO entering their apartment. The circuit court declined to make such a specific and mandatory instruction, but nonetheless decided to give, over the landlord's objection, the following spoliation instruction: "If a party has exclusive possession of evidence which a party knows, or reasonably should have known would be material to a potential civil action and the party disposes of that evidence, then you may infer, though you are not required to do so, that if that evidence had been available it would be detrimental to the case of the party that disposed of it [ ]. You may give such inference whatever force or effect you think is appropriate under all the facts and circumstances." In explaining its decision to give the spoliation instruction, the court stated that the landlord "did nothing in bad faith" in disposing of the furnace.
Spoliation of evidence occurs when a party is aware that there is pending or probable litigation involving evidence in the party's custody or under its control, and such evidence if destroyed or otherwise not preserved will interfere with the ability of the adverse party to establish some element of its claim. See Austin v. Consolidation Coal Co., 256 Va. 78, 81-82, 501 S.E.2d 161, 162 (1998). Although we have considered issues of spoliation in previous cases, see, e.g., Allied Concrete Co. v. Lester, 285 Va. 295, 308, 736 S.E.2d 699, 705 (2013), this case presents as an issue of first impression whether to warrant remedial action by the trial court, such as the granting of an adverse inference instruction, the destruction of the evidence must be undertaken with the deliberate intent to deprive the other party of its use at trial in a pending or reasonably foreseeable litigation between the parties.
In Allied Concrete, the party's intentional misconduct was evident on its face, whereas in this case, the circuit court made an express finding that the destruction of the furnace did not result from "bad faith." Accordingly, we must determine whether a party who is either aware or should reasonably be aware of the relevance of evidence in its possession or under its control to either probable or pending litigation, and fails to preserve such evidence without bad faith shall be penalized by having the jury instructed that it may infer that the missing evidence would have been unfavorable to that party.
The landlord contends that the circuit court erred in giving the spoliation instruction on two grounds. First, the landlord contends that a spoliation instruction is not permissible when the record demonstrates that the party charged with failing to preserve the evidence was not reasonably on notice that the evidence was likely to be the subject of litigation. The landlord's second contention raises the question whether, in the absence of an express finding that the responsible party acted in bad faith by failing to preserve evidence with deliberate intent to deprive the other party of its use at trial, a spoliation instruction is appropriate.
The landlord is correct that remedial action by the trial court, such as granting a spoliation instruction, will not be warranted unless the party seeking the instruction has offered evidence from which the trial judge can conclude that rational jurors could find that the party failing to preserve the evidence knew, or reasonably should have known from the totality of the circumstances, that the evidence was likely to be material in probable or pending litigation. In this case, however, because we are of opinion that the resolution of the landlord's second contention is dispositive, we need not address the issue whether the evidence was sufficient to establish that the landlord was reasonably on notice that the evidence of the condition of the furnace was likely to be the subject of litigation.
We have not yet had the opportunity to address in detail the standard under which an instruction or other relief for spoliation of evidence may be imposed. In Gentry v. Toyota Motor Corp., 252 Va. 30, 34, 471 S.E.2d 485, 488 (1996), we held that a circuit court erred in granting a spoliation motion and dismissing the cause of action where the record showed that the destruction of the evidence was undertaken by a third party and that there had been no "bad faith" by the party in control of the evidence. However, we were not called upon to address in Gentry whether some lesser sanction would be appropriate because the party in control of the evidence failed to prevent the third party from having access to and damaging the evidence. Thus, we are presented here with a case of first impression as to whether a spoliation instruction allowing the jury to make a permissible inference that the missing evidence would have been unfavorable to the party charged with its preservation is appropriate where there is no "bad faith" associated with the loss of the evidence.
In federal court cases involving spoliation of electronically stored information, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(e)(2)(B) has since December 1, 2015 required a finding by the court that a party acted with the intent to deprive another party of the use of that information in the litigation before an adverse inference instruction may be given to the jury. This requirement applies whether the jury is instructed that "it may" or "it must" presume the electronic information was unfavorable to the other party. Fed.R.Civ.P. 37(e)(2)(B).
Advisory notes to the amendment of this rule provide clear insight to its application and are helpful to our considerations in this case:
Adverse-inference instructions were developed on the premise that a party's intentional loss or destruction of evidence to prevent its use in litigation gives rise to a reasonable inference that the evidence was unfavorable to the party responsible for loss or destruction of the evidence. Negligent or even grossly negligent behavior does not logically support that inference. Information lost through negligence may have been favorable to either party, including the party that lost it, and inferring that it was unfavorable to that party may tip the balance at trial in ways the lost information never would have.
Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 37(e) (2015 Amendment). Long before the adoption of the spoliation provisions now applicable in responding to destruction of electronically stored information in the federal system, several federal courts applying common law principles had held that an adverse inference instruction and certain other sanctions for spoliation are proper only where the party has acted in bad faith or with intentional conduct calculated to suppress the truth. See, e.g., Bull v. United Parcel Serv. Inc., 665 F.3d 68, 79 (3d Cir. 2012) ; King v. Ill. Cent.R.R., 337 F.3d 550, 556 (5th Cir. 2003) ; Faas v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 532 F.3d 633, 644 (7th Cir. 2008) ; Greyhound Lines, Inc. v. Wade, 485 F.3d 1032, 1035 (8th Cir. 2007) ; Penalty Kick Mgmt. Ltd. v. Coca Cola Co., 318 F.3d 1284, 1294 (11th Cir. 2003).
While we recognize that the current federal procedure rule was developed specifically to address electronic evidence, we are of opinion that the standard it sets forth and the rationale underlying it as stated in the Advisory Committee Notes are persuasive. We are further of opinion that the resolution of a spoliation issue in the Commonwealth should be guided by the same standard and applicable to all forms of spoliation evidence. Accordingly, we hold that the evidence must support a finding of intentional loss or destruction of evidence in order to prevent its use in litigation before the court may permit the spoliation inference. In short, we agree that "[t]o allow such a severe sanction as a matter of course when a party has only negligently destroyed evidence is neither just nor proportionate." Brookshire Bros., Ltd. v. Aldridge, 438 S.W.3d 9, 24 (Tex. 2014).
We emphasize that in any case where a spoliation instruction is considered the determination that a party intentionally failed to preserve evidence in order to prevent its use in litigation where the party knew or reasonably should have known under the totality of the circumstances that the evidence would be material in a pending or reasonably probable litigation is highly fact specific. In this case, however, the evidence showed that the furnace was disposed of only after it sat for more than one year in a maintenance bay before being discarded. This action by the landlord resulted at worst from negligence, and the tenants did not demonstrate that it was motivated by any desire to deprive them of access to the furnace as material evidence in probable litigation.
Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court erred in granting the spoliation instruction and direct that in the retrial of this case if the evidence is similar the tenants will not be entitled to a spoliation instruction with regard to their inability to inspect the furnace.
Third Assignment of Error-Testimony of Alan Moore
The landlord asserts that the circuit court erred in permitting Alan Moore, an inspector for the City, to testify regarding the installation of the new furnace. On January 18, 2013, Moore determined that the installation of the new furnace was improper because the City had not issued a work permit to the contractor which had installed it. The contractor obtained the required permit shortly after Moore's first inspection. However, when Moore reinspected the installation of the furnace, he found several code violations and required the contractor to make corrections. The furnace passed inspection on January 28, 2013.
The landlord contends that the admission of Moore's testimony regarding the contractor's failure to obtain the permit and the code violations in the installation of the new furnace were not materially relevant to the determination of the injuries suffered by the tenants from the intrusion of CO into their apartment prior to the installation of the furnace. The landlord thus contends that it was prejudiced by this testimony. The tenants respond that the testimony was relevant to show the landlord's course of negligent maintenance of the heating and venting and disregard for their safety.
We conclude on this record that Moore's testimony was prejudicial because it involved matters collateral to the determination of the landlord's liability for the tenants' injuries. The tenants did not contend that the new furnace failed to perform as intended or that any of the code violations resulted in their being exposed to CO gas. Moreover, contrary to the tenants' assertion, the failure of the contractor to obtain the required permit was not evidence of any neglect on the part of the landlord, as obtaining the permit was the duty of the contractor. Accordingly, we hold that on remand Moore's testimony shall be excluded in any retrial as lacking relevance.
Fourth Assignment of Error-Severance Motion
Prior to trial, the landlord filed a motion pursuant to Code § 8.01-5 to sever Hawkins' claim from that of the other three tenants. The landlord essentially contends that the evidence of the severity of Hawkins' injuries was unduly prejudicial with respect to the jury's consideration of the evidence concerning the relatively minor injuries suffered by Harmon, Zamaria and Guire. The tenants respond that the circuit court properly denied the motion for severance because their injuries arose out of the same tortious wrongs of the landlord.
Trial courts have the inherent authority to consolidate claims for trial and have been given specific authority to order separate trials in certain circumstances. A decision to order separate trials or to consolidate claims for a single trial is a matter of procedure, left to the trial court's discretion. In making this decision, a trial court must be cautious to insure that separating or consolidating claims for trial does not prejudice the substantial rights of any party. When considering a request for separate trials, the trial court must also consider any resulting unnecessary delay, expense, or use of judicial resources that would flow from separate trials of the claims at issue. In reviewing the trial court's ruling regarding consolidation or separation of trials, we will not alter the ruling unless the trial court plainly abused its discretion.
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Wade, 265 Va. 383, 392, 579 S.E.2d 180, 185 (2003) (citations omitted). On the record before us, we cannot say that the circuit court plainly abused its discretion in not ordering the severance of Hawkins' claims from those of the other three tenants. Accordingly, we will affirm the court's ruling denying the severance motion.
Fifth Assignment of Error-Amendment of the Ad Damnum Prayers
As indicated above, after the close of all the evidence in the trial, the landlord having offered no evidence, the circuit court struck the claims for punitive damages, and then it permitted Harmon, Zamaria and Guire to amend their ad damnum prayers for compensatory damages from $100,000 to $450,000. In Whitley v. Booker Brick Co., 113 Va. 434, 74 S.E. 160 (1912), we stated that " 'it is in the discretion of the court, at any time before verdict is rendered, to allow amendments of the pleadings which will operate in favor of justice.' " Id. at 437, 74 S.E. at 162 (quoting 1 C. Robinson, The Practice in the Courts of Law and Equity in Virginia 233 (1832)). Thereafter, in Russell Lumber Co. v. Thompson, 137 Va. 386, 392-94, 119 S.E. 117, 119-120 (1923), we held that where there was an opportunity for the defendant to offer responsive proof, or to be granted a continuance-ad damnum amendment motions late in the trial while the evidence was still being introduced should have been granted under the Virginia doctrine of liberal amendment, but that amendment after the close of all the evidence denies the defense (and the court) a fundamental understanding of the issues in the case, and would "promote injustice."
Thus, it was error for the trial court in the present case to permit amendment of the ad damnum prayers of Harmon, Zamaria and Guire after the completion of all of the evidence, and we can perceive no rationale for considering their failure to make out a claim for punitive damages as a justification for that ruling. However, we have also held that when a case is remanded for a new trial it is presented anew. See Rodriguez v. Leesburg Bus. Park, LLC, 287 Va. 187, 199 n.4, 754 S.E.2d 275, 281 (2014) ; Nassif v. Board of Supervisors, 231 Va. 472, 480, 345 S.E.2d 520, 525 (1986) ("When this Court rules that the judgment of a trial court is erroneous ... it is no longer viable. Unless we say otherwise, the slate is wiped clean, with the result that on remand the parties begin anew"). Thus, if they are so advised, on remand Harmon, Zamaria and Guire may seek leave to amend their ad damnum prayers before commencement of a new trial, and we decline to express an advisory opinion on whether such a motion if made, should be granted.
Assignment of Error Six-Motions to Set Aside Jury Verdicts as Excessive
The thrust of the landlord's final assignment of error concerns the circuit court's denial of the landlord's post-verdict motions to set aside the jury verdicts in favor of each of the tenants as excessive or in the alternative to remit the damages or grant a new trial. This issue is moot in light of our reversal of the court's judgment on other grounds.
CONCLUSION
Having determined that there were multiple reversible errors in the trial of this case, we must determine the scope of the issues that will be the subject of a new trial on remand. In that regard, we cannot say that the erroneous admission of portions of Dr. Lieberman's testimony would have impacted only the jury's determination of the plaintiffs' damages. Additionally, the admission of Moore's testimony and the erroneous spoliation instruction could well have affected the liability decision by the jury. We recognize that where the evidence on liability is "close, and the improper evidence may have tipped the scales" in favor of finding against the defendants, "[w]e cannot say ... that the error was harmless." Agelasto v. Frank Atkinson RealEstate, 229 Va. 59, 65, 327 S.E.2d 84, 87 (1985) ; see also PTS Corp. v. Buckman, 263 Va. 613, 621-23, 561 S.E.2d 718, 723-24 (2002) ; Wilson v. Whittaker, 207 Va. 1032, 1039, 154 S.E.2d 124, 129 (1967). In the present case, therefore, we cannot conclude that these errors did not affect the jury's determination of liability as well as its awards of damages.
For the reasons set forth above, we will reverse the circuit court's judgment and remand the case for a new trial on all issues, consistent with the views expressed in this opinion.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
In the record there are multiple references to "CO 2" which is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO 2, are both by-products of thermo-chemical reactions in which carbon and oxygen are present, and the terms are readily confused by laypersons. In the combustion process within a natural gas furnace, both CO and CO 2are produced. While excess concentrations of either can be dangerous to human life and health, an excess amount of CO is the greater concern and is most commonly measured in inspecting for malfunctions in a heating system. See, e.g., Am. Nat'l Prop. v. Wyatt, 400 S.W.3d 417, 425 (Mo. Ct. App. 2013) ; Langone v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 300 Wis.2d 742, 731 N.W.2d 334, 340 (App. 2007). Because it is not disputed that only carbon monoxide poisoning is at issue in this case, we have presumed that references in the record to "CO 2" are intended to be to "CO" and will make the appropriate emendation when quoting from the record where necessary.
"Red tagging" is a term used in the natural gas industry to indicate that a gas meter or gas appliance has been determined by a code enforcement official to be malfunctioning and constitutes a hazard to human health. When a device has been red tagged, its gas supply is shut off and it is not to be used until the malfunction has been corrected and the device has been determined to be in proper working order and no longer a hazard. See, e.g., Hegwood v. Virginia Nat. Gas, 256 Va. 362, 365-66, 505 S.E.2d 372, 374-75 (1998) ; Banks v. Richmond, 232 Va. 130, 138-39, 348 S.E.2d 280, 285 (1986) (Stephenson, J., dissenting).
There is no contention in this case that the tenants made any attempt to supplement their initial expert opinion disclosure pursuant to Rule 4:1(e). Unlike the comparable provisions of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(e), there is no language in the supplementation provisions of Rule 4:1(e) indicating that the deposition itself is a form of disclosure that expands the scope of opinions a retaining party may elicit from the witness. Here, despite the fact that two depositions were taken, and use of the de bene esse testimony at trial was clearly contemplated by the parties, no written supplementation of the Rule 4:1(b)(4)(A)(i) disclosure regarding Dr. Lieberman's expected testimony was undertaken, nor was leave for such expansion of the scope of testimony sought by pretrial motion.
On brief, the tenants contend that the landlord has waived its objection to all but one of Dr. Lieberman's statements as being outside the scope of the disclosure in the response to the interrogatories. However, contrary to the tenants' assertion, the June 17, 2016 order clearly reflects that the circuit court ruled on multiple objections based upon the assertion of inadequate disclosure in the response to interrogatories. Because the order also identifies the statements by reference to the page and line number of the transcript of the deposition, we conclude that the objections were made and that the court had an opportunity to rule upon them. This, without more, is sufficient to preserve for appeal the question whether the court's ruling was proper. See, e.g., Kellermann v. McDonough, 278 Va. 478, 491, 684 S.E.2d 786, 792 (2009).
Within the record, Moore's surname is sometimes given as "More;" we have adopted the spelling used in the assignment of error.
No issue has been raised in this action about the propriety of four personal injury plaintiffs joining as co-plaintiffs in a single lawsuit (as opposed to bringing four separate actions subject to consolidation in the discretion of the trial court). We therefore view the issue as to whether severance was required for three of the four claims that had otherwise been properly consolidated for hearing in a single action.
| CASELAW |
Page:Early western travels, 1748-1846 (1907 Volume 8).djvu/338
the sound of the hateful lash quickly brought me to the theatre of suffering. There I witnessed a madning sight. A poor negro, fastened to the ground, in vain implored for mercy; whilst an iron-hearted overseer, enraged by his own cruelty, was inflicting unlimited vengeance. I believe my presence unbound the victim.—Shame frequently achieves what conscience cannot accomplish. I could mention cruelties inflicted upon slaves, which would excite the tears of humanity, the blush of virtue, and the indignation of freedom. On the Mississippi there are large oak frames for whipping slaves,—without law, and without any rule, excepting that of self-will and uncontrolled power.
Man, when uncontrolled, is a tyrant; and no human being should, for a moment, be without the protection of natural, or municipal law.
There are prejudices against the race of blacks, and I pronounce them vulgar! Some even pretend that negroes are not human beings; but history and daily observation prove the contrary. Oh! how detestable are the prejudices of avarice and inhumanity. Our vanity teaches us to think better of our own colour than of theirs. They entertain the {226} same opinion of white, which we do of black. On the coast of Africa the Evil Spirit, which we call Devil, is there imagined under the hideous semblance of a white man.
Many too, speak against the disposition of Negroes. They no doubt possess strong passions; but their passions may all be enlisted on the side of virtue. The quickness and strength of their feelings, connected with their intelligence, prove their greatness. It is evident that negroes are capable of being rendered great philosophers, divines, physicians, legislators and warriors. They are likewise capable of being, in their principles and conduct, real gen | WIKI |
Twelve jurors, nine men and three women, were deciding Dormy’s fate
In the 1920s, there was a law in San Francisco, USA, which required dogs deemed “dangerous or evil” to be put to sleep. A terrier named Dormy violated this law after allegedly killing 14 different domestic cats.
However, the terrier’s owner, a car salesman named Eaton McMillan, was not about to give up. He insisted that Dormey face a real jury trial. And the city authorities agreed.
Naturally, Dormey remained silent. In his place, lawyer James Brennan spoke at the trial. The lawyer insisted that the dog was not guilty and should not be held responsible for his actions, since it was the dog’s nature to chase cats.
The main complaint against Dormy came from a neighbor named Marjorie Ingalls, who claimed the dog killed her eight-year-old Persian cat. An attorney forced her to identify her attacker in a group of dogs. The woman was unable to point to Dormy.
The trial was overseen by a panel of 12 jurors. Even before the trial, Brennan insisted that there were no women among them, because, in his opinion, women irrationally support cats. However, the judge rejected the lawyer’s demands.
In the end, five jurors voted for the death penalty for Dormy, while seven believed the dog was innocent. The dog was acquitted and let go home.
The media stopped following Dormy, so it is not known whether his owner decided to restrict the dog’s movements or whether cats continued to die in the neighborhood under strange circumstances. | FINEWEB-EDU |
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code E71.520
Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Diagnosis Code E71.520
ICD-10: E71.520
Short Description: Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Long Description: Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This is the 2017 version of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code E71.520
Valid for Submission
The code E71.520 is valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
• Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00–E90)
• Metabolic disorders (E70-E88)
• Disord of branched-chain amino-acid metab & fatty-acid metab (E71)
Information for Patients
Leukodystrophies
The leukodystrophies are rare diseases that affect the cells of the brain. Specifically, the diseases affect the myelin sheath, the material that surrounds and protects nerve cells. Damage to this sheath slows down or blocks messages between the brain and the rest of the body. This leads to problems with
• Movement
• Speaking
• Vision
• Hearing
• Mental and physical development
Most of the leukodystrophies are genetic. They usually appear during infancy or childhood. They can be hard to detect early because children seem healthy at first. However, symptoms gradually get worse over time.
There are no cures for any of the leukodystrophies. Medicines, speech therapy and physical therapy might help with symptoms. Researchers are testing bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for some of the leukodystrophies.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
[Read More]
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder that occurs primarily in males. It mainly affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of each kidney. In this disorder, the fatty covering (myelin) that insulates nerves in the brain and spinal cord is prone to deterioration (demyelination), which reduces the ability of the nerves to relay information to the brain. In addition, damage to the outer layer of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex) causes a shortage of certain hormones (adrenocortical insufficiency). Adrenocortical insufficiency may cause weakness, weight loss, skin changes, vomiting, and coma.There are three distinct types of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: a childhood cerebral form, an adrenomyeloneuropathy type, and a form called Addison disease only.Children with the cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy experience learning and behavioral problems that usually begin between the ages of 4 and 10. Over time the symptoms worsen, and these children may have difficulty reading, writing, understanding speech, and comprehending written material. Additional signs and symptoms of the cerebral form include aggressive behavior, vision problems, difficulty swallowing, poor coordination, and impaired adrenal gland function. The rate at which this disorder progresses is variable but can be extremely rapid, often leading to total disability within a few years. The life expectancy of individuals with this type depends on the severity of the signs and symptoms and how quickly the disorder progresses. Individuals with the cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy usually survive only a few years after symptoms begin but may survive longer with intensive medical support.Signs and symptoms of the adrenomyeloneuropathy type appear between early adulthood and middle age. Affected individuals develop progressive stiffness and weakness in their legs (paraparesis), experience urinary and genital tract disorders, and often show changes in behavior and thinking ability. Most people with the adrenomyeloneuropathy type also have adrenocortical insufficiency. In some severely affected individuals, damage to the brain and nervous system can lead to early death.People with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy whose only symptom is adrenocortical insufficiency are said to have the Addison disease only form. In these individuals, adrenocortical insufficiency can begin anytime between childhood and adulthood. However, most affected individuals develop the additional features of the adrenomyeloneuropathy type by the time they reach middle age. The life expectancy of individuals with this form depends on the severity of the signs and symptoms, but typically this is the mildest of the three types.Rarely, individuals with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy develop multiple features of the disorder in adolescence or early adulthood. In addition to adrenocortical insufficiency, these individuals usually have psychiatric disorders and a loss of intellectual function (dementia). It is unclear whether these individuals have a distinct form of the condition or a variation of one of the previously described types.For reasons that are unclear, different forms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy can be seen in affected individuals within the same family.
[Read More]
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Template talk:Scottish Women's Hospitals World War One
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I have created a Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service grouped navbox with IanTheArchivist (talk · contribs). It needs to auto-collapse and of course red-link articles that are being worked upon. We are both happy to take any advice or suggestions but are not wiki-source-skilled editors. WiR 2021 Kaybeesquared (talk) 20:55, 12 November 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Ambulance Victoria
Ambulance Victoria (AV), a Victorian agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, is the statutory provider of pre-hospital emergency care and ambulance services in Victoria. Ambulance Victoria was formed on 1 July 2008 with the merger of the Metropolitan Ambulance Service (MAS), Rural Ambulance Victoria (RAV), and the Alexandra District Ambulance Service (ADAS). Ambulance Victoria has undergone significant reform since 2008.
Ambulance Victoria provides emergency medical response to more than 5.9 million people in an area of more than 227,000 square kilometres. During 2015–2016, Ambulance Victoria responded to 843,051 cases.
In 2016, it was announced that 450 extra paramedics would be employed.
The service is funded by fees for the cost of transport and treatment by paramedics. Members are entitled to free services. Some private health funds may refund the cost of membership, but many do not. Ambulance fees are not recoverable from Medicare or health funds.
History
A formal ambulance service began in Victoria in 1883. Over the years services were provided by St John Ambulance, Civil Ambulance Service and a multitude local area ambulance services.
In the 1980s the Metropolitan Ambulance Service was formed from a number of smaller area services; and 16 regional services were amalgamated into five. In 1997, the rural services were consolidated to one rural service, Rural Ambulance Victoria.
On 22 April 2008, Premier John Brumby and Health Minister Daniel Andrews announced a record funding boost of over $185m, including two new helicopter services, 26 new ambulance stations and over 300 new paramedics. In addition, it was announced that the way the state's ambulance services work was to be changed with Metropolitan Ambulance Service and Rural Ambulance Victoria becoming one organisation, Ambulance Victoria. On 26 May this decision was confirmed, with the consolidated service commencing operation on 1 July 2008.
Overview
Ambulance Victoria is required under the Ambulance Services Act 1986 (Vic) to respond rapidly to requests for help in a medical emergency; provide specialised medical skills to maintain life and to reduce injuries in emergency situations and while transporting patients; provide specialised transport facilities to move people requiring emergency medical treatment; provide services for which specialised medical or transport skills are necessary and foster public education in first aid.
Ambulance Victoria's primary function is to respond to emergency incidents and its secondary function is medical transport (non-emergency) requests. Emergency Incidents are responded to by paramedics, Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance (MICA) paramedics, Air Ambulance paramedics and if in a regional area also by Ambulance Community Officers (ACO) employed on a casual basis and volunteer Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) or by Remote Area Nurse (RAN) from a bush hospital. Ambulance Victoria has more than 260 ambulance branches located across Victoria.
In 2015–2016, Ambulance Victoria's workforce was 3,438 paramedics and 578 MICA paramedics. In addition, Ambulance Victoria employed 723 casual ACO and there were 357 CERT volunteers.
In the same year, Ambulance Victoria responded to 843,051 emergency and non-emergency cases including 172,960 emergency road incidents in the five rural regions, 416,887 emergency road incidents in the two metropolitan regions and 4,556 emergency air incidents (2,033 by helicopter and 2,523 by plane).
Ambulance Victoria assesses each emergency incident on receipt of the 000 call, designating the incident a code depending on the urgency/severity, and publishes its response times for each quarter of the year on the internet.
Ambulance Victoria operates a Bicycle Response Unit in pre-planned operations for public events in Melbourne with large crowds. The unit was established in the lead up to the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
In 2012, a Paramedic Motorcycle Unit was trialled in inner city Melbourne operating two Piaggio MP3 three wheeled motorbikes. The trial was successful with the BMW F700GS motorcycle selected to be the unit's motorcycle to operate in the inner Melbourne area mainly in the councils of City of Melbourne and City of Port Phillip.
Communications
Ambulance Victoria's emergency and non-emergency patient transport communications are handled by Emergency Services Telecommunications Authority (ESTA) communication centres in East Burwood, Williams Landing, and Ballarat.
Ambulance communications functions include 000 Emergency call-taking, non-emergency patient transport requests, and ambulance dispatch for emergency and non-emergency vehicles. Modern emergency services communications is highly advanced, and communications staff use a wide range of technologies including digital and analogue radio, telephones, pagers, and advanced computer and GPS systems. Many emergency services vehicles, including ambulances, are fitted with mobile data terminals that enable them to view information, read messages sent by call-takers and dispatchers, and be notified of updates immediately as they become available. A number of communication services used by Ambulance Victoria, such as digital radio and mobile data terminals, are not available outside metropolitan Melbourne.
Vehicles
Ambulance Victoria operates a range of vehicles:
* Mercedes-Benz Sprinter (General Ambulance/MICA Ambulance/Patient Transport/CPAV/Adult Retrieval/Mobile Stroke Unit)
* Ford Territory (Single responder/MICA Single responder)
* Toyota Kluger (MICA Support + Single Responder)
* Volkswagen Amarok (MICA Support + Single responder)
* Volkswagen Transporter (Health Command)
* Volkswagen Crafter (Patient Transport)
* BMW F700GS motorcycles (Paramedic Motorcycle Unit)
* Honda Odyssey (Medical transport for walking patients – Clinical Services)
* Toyota Land Cruiser (MICA Support + Single Responder)
* Mercedes Vito (MICA Support/Single Responder/Adult Retrieval)
Their most common vehicle is the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter. This vehicle is the frontline vehicle for all of Victoria as they carry one patient at a time with loads of medical equipment, which is usually staffed by two paramedics. There are also different models including models with bull bars/push bumpers for better use in rural areas. AV also operates Mobile Intensive Care Ambulances which are staffed by more specially trained paramedics and different equipment. They also operate Non-Emergency Patient Transport Ambulances (NEPT) and Clinical Transport Services units (CTS). For more complex patients, AV has Complex Patient Ambulance Vehicles (CPAV) and Adult Retrieval Services (AR) both are similar to the standard general ambulances. The CPAV units include a lift platform at the back instead of regular doors, the AR unit has more specialist equipment.
Introduced in 2017, AV teamed up with The Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Stroke Foundation and numerous other agencies to create a $7 Million Mobile Stroke Unit Ambulance (MSU). The state-of-the-art vehicle include specialist equipment tailored to stroke patients. In the ambulance is a built-in CT-Scanner. Two paramedics staff the ambulance (including a MICA paramedic), a CT radiographer, a stroke neurologist and a stroke nurse specialist. The first MSU is currently running as car 6600. In 2020, it was announced that AV would commence building a next generation Stroke Ambulance otherwise known as MSU-2
Air Ambulance Victoria
Ambulance Victoria has a fleet of helicopters and fixed wing aircraft operated by Air Ambulance Victoria (AAV) based out of Essendon Airport in Melbourne with helicopters strategically placed in regional Victoria. In addition, the helicopters respond to search and rescue incidents, able to utilise the winch, including sea rescues.
Helicopters
AAV operates five twin engine AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters provided by Babcock Mission Critical Services Australasia. The helicopters were introduced from 2016 to replace the four Bell 412EP helicopters and also one Eurocopter AS365N3 Dauphin helicopter that had been operated in partnership with the Victoria Police Air Wing.
The helicopters are designated HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) and operate throughout the state:-
* HEMS 1 based at Essendon Airport.
* HEMS 2 based at La Trobe Valley Airport.
* HEMS 3 based at Bendigo Airport.
* HEMS 4 based at Warrnambool Airport.
* HEMS 5 is for primary response and specialist medical retrieval based at Essendon Airport.
Helicopter operations commenced in 1970 with a Bell 206A JetRanger known as the 'Angel of Mercy' based on the Mornington Peninsula operated from Tyabb Airport. In 1980, a Hughes 500D was operated in the La Trobe Valley, later a Bell 206 Long Ranger and from 1985 a Bell 412 known as Helimed 1 later renamed to HEMS 2. In 1986, AAV entered a partnership with the Victoria Police Air Wing to use a Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin which would respond to both police and ambulance incidents with ambulance given priority known as HEMS 1 and replacing the 'Angel of Mercy'. Two helicopters were configured for the aeromedical role with one as a spare. In 2001, a Bell 412EP was operated from Bendigo airport known as HEMS 3. In 2009, a Bell 412EP was operated from Warrnambool Airport known as HEMS 4 and a second Bell 412EP was operated from Essendon known as HEMS 5 to transport critically ill patients from rural hospitals to Melbourne. In January 2017, the final of the five new AgustaWestland AW139s entered service replacing the Victoria Police Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin and ending the partnership. The aircraft are staffed by MICA Flight Paramedics who are trained to administer blood, conduct ultrasounds, complete complex procedures and perform winch rescues.
Fixed-wing aircraft
AAV has operated four Beechcraft Super King Air B200s, provided by Pel-Air Aviation, from its Essendon headquarters since 2011 and can reach most of Victoria within an hour. They are used mainly for transporting patients from rural towns to the major hospitals in Melbourne and can carry two stretcher patients and two walking patients. This service includes bringing people to Melbourne for regular treatments such as oncology and dialysis while also facilitating acute medical conditions requiring surgery or the transfer of injured patients from rural hospitals to specialist care. The service now reaches to more than 86 towns within Victoria while also servicing southern New South Wales, northern Tasmania and some parts of South Australia. The aircraft are typically staffed by advanced life support (ALS) paramedics.
Victorian Auditor-General Audit into Bullying and Harassment in the Health Sector 2016
On 23 March 2016, the Victorian Auditor-General tabled a damning report into "Bullying and Harassment in the Health Sector". Ambulance Victoria was one of four Government Health Bodies that was audited as part of this report.
As part of the audit, the Auditor General looked at the background of the issue, workplace culture, preventing bullying and harassment, responding to bullying and harassment and sector-wide collaboration and support.
Key Findings from the Audit into Bullying and Harassment in the Health Sector
Key findings from the audit included:
* 1) "[Dr Peter Frost – Victorian Auditor-General] found that health sector agencies are failing to respond effectively to bullying and harassment as a serious OHS risk."
* 2) "... The audited agencies do not understand the extent, causes or impact of bullying and harassment in their respective organisations, even when such issues have resulted in significant media attention and reputational damage."
* 3) "Audited agencies also do not have the fundamental, underpinning foundations of effective policies and procedures, and do not adequately train their staff and managers to deal with inappropriate behaviours to prevent them escalating into serious bullying and harassment."
* 4) "... when issues become serious bullying and harassment matters these agencies do not have the appropriate procedures to manage them or document the details to help inform future planning and action."
Ambulance Victoria's Response to the Victorian Auditor-General Audit into Bullying and Harassment in the Health Sector 2016
On 15 March 2016, chairman of the Board of Directors, Mr Ken Lay, AO, APM, acknowledged of the Audit and committed the Organisation to accepting all the recommendations of the Audit through the Ambulance and Policy Consultative Committee. Part of Mr Lay's response included "achieve[ing] sustainable culture change within Ambulance Victoria."
Allegations made public
On 26 October 2020, Allegations of widespread bullying, harassment and gross misconduct were public reported by The Age after 13 Paramedics raised an open letter to Mr Ken Lay, chairman of the board of directors.
Allegations made about unlawful activities by Ambulance Victoria Employees
The Age noted that:
* Paramedics reported "active discrimination and instances of abuse in our workplace".
* The "fear of retribution is rife and stops people speaking up about what they have seen".
* "sex-based maltreatment and the lack of redress has caused them serious mental health issues, including suicidal ideation."
* "12 Ambulance Victoria employees have reported rape or attempted rape or sexual assault at work, and two men have been referred to Victoria Police by the organisation for the alleged sexual assault of colleagues."
Ambulance Victoria commissioned review by The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission
On 27 October 2020, the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission announced that it had been asked to conduct a review into allegations of unlawful, discriminatory behaviour at Ambulance Victoria by. On 30 November 2020, The Commission released the terms of reference for its review of Ambulance Victoria. Throughout the process, the commission has provided public updates regarding the review.
On 20 September 2021, The commission announced that the review would be released in two Volumes "in large part due to the higher than anticipated number of people who came forward to share their experiences and views with the Commission."
* Volume 1 was released on 30 November 2021.
* Volume 2 is set to be published in March 2022.
Volume 1
Volume 1 was released on 30 November 2021 by The commission.
Volume 1 Key Themes
Key Themes noted by The Commissions included;
* "...AV's approach to preventing discrimination, sexual harassment, bullying and victimisation is still maturing and it is not complying fully with the positive duty in the Act."
* "47.2% of survey respondents reported experiencing discrimination, 17.4% reported experiencing sexual harassment, 52.4% reported experiencing bullying and 34.5% reporting experiencing victimisation"
* "We [The Commission] commonly heard that mental ill-health and stress followed unlawful conduct."
* "one participant shared in their written submission: 'Who would’ve guessed the most traumatic thing I’ve experienced and witnessed as a [P]aramedic was workplace behaviour?'"
Recommendations from Volume 1
* 1) establishing an independent restorative engagement scheme
* 2) adopting a new set of organisational values
* 3) developing a comprehensive prevention plan
* 4) establishing a new organisational model for responding to reports and complaints
* 5) introducing anonymous reporting pathways
* 6) undertaking a security audit of isolated work environments
* 7) embedding a more structured approach to encouraging bystander action
Ambulance Victoria's Response
On 30 November 2021, The Commission noted that Ambulance Victoria had accepted all recommendations.
Volume 2
Volume 2 was released in March 2022 by the Commission.
Ongoing concerns by Ambulance Victoria Staff
On 29 November 2021, almost a one-year after the allegations were first publicly raised, a number of Ambulance Victoria Employees, had reported that "in some cases victimisation has worsened since the inquiry began." The Age also reported that "[One] person is well known to the executive level as a problem, for at least 10 years. He is a direct threat ... but management are not listening." | WIKI |
Page:The Swiss Family Robinson (Kingston).djvu/67
Rh had left our gourd dishes seemed less than we expected. We found them quite dry, and very light and easy to carry.
Just as we had passed through the grove in which we breakfasted, Turk suddenly darted away from us, and sprang furiously among a troup of monkeys, which were gambolling playfully on the turf at a little distance from the trees. They were taken by surprise completely, and the dog, now really ravenous from hunger, had seized, and was fiercely tearing one to pieces before we could approach the spot.
His luckless victim was the mother of a tiny little monkey, which being on her back when the dog flew at her, had hindered her flight; the little creature attempted to hide among the grass, and in trembling fear watched the tragic fate of its mother. On perceiving Turk's bloodthirsty design, Fritz had eagerly rushed to the rescue, flinging away all he was carrying, and losing his hat in his haste. All to no purpose as far as the poor mother ape was concerned, and a laughable scene ensued, for no sooner did the young monkey catch sight of him, than at one bound it was on his shoulders, and, holding fast by his thick curly hair, it firmly kept | WIKI |
NAIA women's outdoor track and field championship
The NAIA women's outdoor track and field championship is the annual track meet to determine the national champions of NAIA women's outdoor track and field in the United States and Canada. It has been held annually since 1981.
The most successful program has been Prairie View A&M, with nine NAIA national titles. Among active NAIA programs, British Columbia and Wayland Baptist have four titles each.
The current champions are British Columbia, who won their fourth national title in 2024. | WIKI |
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