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Talk:Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
Category creation
It seems to me that the collections should have categories created similar to those within the national museum of scotland category that you find here Category:Collections_of_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom
Not something I've really tried and tagging the relevant articles might take a while, but it could be started. EdwardLane (talk) 15:14, 18 February 2012 (UTC)
9 Museums?
I think someone has made a mistake here, NMW has 7 museums across the principality. The Nantgarw entry is basically a storage faculity i.e. it's not a museum and it's not open to the public. Neither have I ever heard anything about the Turner House Gallery or is there anything on the NMW website.
Unless someone can provide info that this's isn't a basic error, I'll make the correction. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Craigthomas1 (talk • contribs) 23:30, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
* This is correct; Turner House isn't run by the Museum any more and Nantgarw is only open to visitors by appointment. Nantgarw is still worth a mention but not as one of NMW's "museums". Ham (talk) 07:48, 28 September 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
One-hundred-baht banknote
The 100 baht note (100฿) is one of the most commonly used Thai baht banknotes and has been used since 1892. The 17th series notes are currently in circulation having been introduced in 2018. The 15th, 16th and 16th (special) series are also very common in circulation. The front side shows a portrait of Vajiralongkorn, the current head of the state or the king. The reverse depicts King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh.
11th series
The obverse features the portrait of the King Bhumibol with Phra Garuda Pah (the emblem of royal family). The reverse features the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew.
12th series
The obverse features the portrait of the King Bhumibol. The reverse features the monument of King Naresuan the Great at Don Chedi Memorial in Suphanburi province.
The 100 baht note since had not been redesigned in the 13th series.
14th series
The obverse features the portrait of the King Bhumibol. The reverse comes under the concept of "Education reformation in Siam" which includes (from left to right)
* A school, a group of students in Thai school uniform.
* A book, and an ignited candle.
* The Two Kings Monument at Chulalongkorn University, including King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh.
* A monk teaching children inside a wat (temple); in the past, temples were the main place for education in Siam before schools were built.
15th series
The obverse features the King Bhumibol's portrait. The reverses include two designs; type I and II.
Type I: The reverse remains the same as it was in 14th series, with some adjustment of the design and typography.
Type II: The reverse includes (from left to right)
* The scene of slavery-ending in Siam by the King Chulalongkorn, it is a mural painted in a dome in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall.
* A portrait of King Chulalongkorn.
16th series
The obverse features the King Bhumibol's new portrait which changes as he grew old. The reverse is designed under the concept of the great king from Thonburi period, King Taksin the great. The elements include (from left to right):
* Wi Chai Prasith fortress.
* Equastrian Monument of King Taksin at Wongwian Yai.
* His statue (centre image).
* Thonburi Palace (Phra Ratcha Wang Doem).
* The relief illustrating the scene which he persuading his contingent to fight during the time of war.
16th series (special)
The 16th series 100 baht note is issued to commemorate and pay tribute to the late King Bhumibol. The obverse remains the same as the 16th series. The reverse, however, represents his work in rural Thailand. From left to right;
* His royal trip to rural Chiang Mai province, riding on horse back.
* Two aeroplanes operating Royal Rainmaking Project.
* The king discussing with a local, sitting by the car.
* The king's iconic picture having sweat pouring down his nose (centre picture).
* The king observing a rice field.
* The royal family of the king, including; Queen Sirikit, Ubol Ratana, Vajiralongkorn, Sirindhorn and Chulabhorn.
17th series
The design concept of 17th series is based on the theme of commemorating the kings of the current house of Chakri. The 100 baht note's reverse depicts kings Rama V and Rama VI of Thailand. The pictures next by each kings are the notable works done for Siam. For 100 baht note;
* King Chulalongkorn the great - the royal trip to Norway; the picture shows himself riding in the car with Sam Eyde in Notodden, Norway. They were discussing about electricity as the king initiated the electricity usage in Siam after resturning from Norway.
* King Vajiravudh - his riding on the horseback for his establishing of the Wild Tiger Corps (กองเสือป่า) and Boy Scouts in Thailand. | WIKI |
Talk:Nish Kumar
Presented a Prince tribute show on Absolute 80s
https://absoluteradio.co.uk/schedule/non-stop-absolute-80s-25/episodes/71822/ "Nish Kumar's 'I Love Prince' Comedian Nish Kumar's 2016 Edinburgh Fringe show charted his love affair with the 'Purple One'. Tonight he pays his respects to Prince." Page says "This episode of Non-Stop Absolute 80s was broadcast on Sunday 19 February 2017 at 9pm on Absolute 80s." - pos original broadcast date, repeated 23/04/17 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:36, 23 April 2017 (UTC)
Date of birth
This article gives his date of birth as 1985/1986. How can he born in both 1985 and 1986? Vorbee (talk) 17:40, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
* I've seen this when there is an article that mentions how old he is but it's not clear if that means he's already had a birhday or not that year. So sometimes people put this in. There's probably a way, with more research, to nail it down. Jessamyn (talk) 03:07, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
* IMDB says he was born in Wandsworth, London on August 26, 1985 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:03, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
* IMDb is not a reliable source, so we cannot include this information in the article, annoying as it is to not have a clear date of birth. — Bilorv ( talk ) 10:46, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
* This tweet seems to confirm that his birthday is on August 26, but does not mention a year. JW 00000 (talk) 21:07, 17 January 2020 (UTC)
* This isn't enough, I'm afraid, for a couple of reasons: he doesn't mention the date himself, only reply to a tweet by another person, and the tweet could easily be a joke/in-joke or have a different context to what we expect. I know it's pedantic and frustrating, but it's not a good enough source for Wikipedia. — Bilorv ( talk ) 01:13, 18 January 2020 (UTC)
* Can we use The Sun?: https://www.thesun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/5328487/nish-kumar-the-mash-report-room-101-comedian-hignfy-mock-the-week-taskmaster-comedian/ Thanks --Jkaharper (talk) 14:32, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
* Absolutely not, I'm afraid. The Sun is not a reliable source because it is a sensationalist tabloid with a reputation for fabrication and false information. It cannot be used for even the simplest of facts. See WP:THESUN. — Bilorv ( talk ) 08:59, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
* Nish Kumar confirmed that he was born in 1985 on the Richard Herring podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fu5tzT7W5iA&t=3220s. Also he Tweeted on August 26th 2021 saying "It's my birthday today": https://twitter.com/mrnishkumar/status/1430830781128220674 Joe deniable (talk) 10:53, 30 January 2022 (UTC)
* Thanks so much for the RHLSTP timestamp, - this is concrete enough to use as a source IMO. Shame it's apparently passed everyone by for a year. Also helped get rid of an instance of citogenesis at Richard Herring. (Nish isn't quite right in imagining a more rigid hierarchy of "approved moderators" than exists, but overall it's a surprisingly good media literate conversation by the pair around how Wikipedia is written and what its flaws are.)As for the tweet, you might be surprised by this but I've seen lots of instances of similar tweets contradicted by later information, so I'm inclined to leave it out and just go with 1985 for now. — Bilorv ( talk ) 17:44, 30 January 2022 (UTC)
* He mentions in his album It’s In Your Nature to Destroy Yourselves, Pt. 2, that his birthday is in August. Registering to provide a specific track and time stamp. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:55, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
* Track and timestamp would be good. Until then I've removed it. I'd be interested to hear it in context. — Bilorv ( talk ) 17:03, 2 December 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
How i clear license data on my computer
#1
To receive support, please fill out the following template, and remove this top text.
GTA V version? = The lastest
Up to date? = Yes
Legit or Pirate copy? = Legit
Steam/CD/Social Club? = Steam
Windows version? = Window 10 Pro
Did you try to delete caches.xml and try again? = yes
What did you do to get this issue?
before I buy gtav.
I borrow my friend steam , download gtav and try to play fivem.
And then I buy my own gtav and I try to play same server I play before.
But I cannot play because system don’t register me and I become npc.
I want to play my friend but I can’t because my license id repeat my friend.
ps. sorry my bad English. i’m thai
CitizenFX.log file
https://pastebin.com/XUZQgSQC
.dmp files/report IDs = No
#2
Delete the folder %localappdata%\DigitalEntitlements. Also make sure you switch Social Club accounts in GTA itself. For a guide on how to do that, consult Google
#3
it’s working, Thank you man | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Hto9950/sandbox
I have blanked this page to enforce the retirement. The previous content of this page can be found here: 22:14, 4 March 2013 | WIKI |
Citations:sweater meat
* 2015 July 27, jackdeth55, quoted in
* 2015 July 27, jackdeth55, quoted in
* 2015 July 27, jackdeth55, quoted in | WIKI |
User:MitchHill22/sandbox/Harry Birkbeck
Harry Birkbeck
Harry Birkeck is a 33 year old homeless Andy Carrol. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 23.djvu/120
issued a "Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Physiological Series of Comparative Anatomy," in sections, from 1833 to 1840; the "Paleontological Catalogue," in 1845 and 1854; and the "Catalogue of Recent Osteology," in which he described 5,906 specimens, in 1854. The work of cataloguing and examining for the catalogues was accompanied with constant additions to the specimens and consequent growth of the collection till, in 1856, when Owen's connection with the work ceased, they filled ten times the space that had been sufficient for them in 1828.
An important corollary to these labors was the editorial work he performed upon the writings of Hunter, the illustrious founder of the collection. In 1837 he published a new edition of Hunter's "Animal Economy," to which he added all the known published papers of the author; and he gave, in the preface, the first descriptive narrative of Hunter's real discoveries. He afterward published two volumes of Hunter's "Essays and Observations on Natural History, Anatomy, etc.," which had been transcribed by Clift before Home destroyed the originals, and had been deposited by him, with an autographic authentication, in Owen's hands. The preface to this work embodied a showing of the advanced views which Hunter entertained in geology and paleontology.
In 1834 Dr. Owen was appointed to the newly-founded chair of Comparative Anatomy in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and two years afterward was made the first Hunterian Professor in the Royal College of Surgeons. He filled this position for twenty years, after which, in 1856, he was appointed Superintendent of the Natural History Department of the British Museum.
The history of the whole of the earlier thirty years of Professor Owen's active life is illustrated by the records of his anatomical and zoological investigations. His earliest published paper was a demonstration of the manner in which an aneurism had been obliterated by Dr. Stevens, of Santa Cruz, by means of a ligature of the internal iliac artery, which was communicated to the Medical Society of St. Bartholomew's Hospital in 1830. Soon after becoming connected with the Hunterian Museum, he obtained a specimen of the Nautilus pompilius, or pearly nautilus, an animal then almost unknown, on which he published a memoir, with drawings by himself, foreshadowing the advanced views on structure and affinities which characterize his scientific system. In 1835 he published the first account of the Trichina spiralis, that remarkable nematoid worm of swine and men which has since become famous as a cause of disease.
Professor Owen's earliest communications to the Royal Society were papers on the generation of the ornithorhyncus and the kangaroo. In numerous later memoirs he discussed the structure and affinities of the higher quadrumana, and proposed the use of the brainstructure as an important element of classification. Between 1840 and | WIKI |
Nonunion
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the meaning in organized labour, see Trade union.
Nonunion is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone.
Nonunion is a serious complication of a fracture and may occur when the fracture moves too much, has a poor blood supply or gets infected. Patients who smoke have a higher incidence of nonunion. The normal process of bone healing is interrupted or stalled. In some cases a pseudo-joint (pseudarthrosis) develops between the two fragments with cartilage formation and a joint cavity. More commonly the tissue between the ununited fragments is scar tissue.
Since the process of bone healing is quite variable, a nonunion may go on to heal without intervention in a very few cases. In general, if a nonunion is still evident at 6 months post injury it will remain unhealed without specific treatment, usually orthopedic surgery. A non-union which does go on to heal is called a delayed union.
Clinical features[edit]
A history of a broken bone is usually apparent. The patient complains of persistent pain at the fracture site and may also notice abnormal movement or clicking at the level of the fracture. An x-ray plate of the fractured bone shows a persistent radiolucent line at the fracture. Callus formation may be evident but callus does not bridge across the fracture. If there is doubt about the interpretation of the x-ray, stress x-rays, tomograms or CT scan may be used for confirmation.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The reasons for non-union are
• avascular necrosis (the blood supply was interrupted by the fracture)
• the two ends are not apposed (that is, they are not next to each other)
• infection (particularly osteomyelitis)
• the fracture is not fixed (that is, the two ends are still mobile)
• soft-tissue imposition (there is muscle or ligament covering the broken ends and preventing them from touching each other)
Hypertrophic non-union[edit]
Callus is formed, but the bone fractures have not joined. This can be due to inadequate fixation of the fracture, and treated with rigid immobilisation.
Atrophic non-union[edit]
No callus is formed. This is often due to impaired bony healing, for example due to vascular causes (e.g. impaired blood supply to the bone fragments) or metabolic causes (e.g. diabetes or smoking). Failure of initial union, for example when bone fragments are separated by soft tissue may also lead to atrophic non-union. Atrophic non-union can be treated by improving fixation, removing the end layer of bone to provide raw ends for healing, and the use of bone grafts.
Treatment[edit]
Surgical treatment includes removal of all scar tissue from between the fracture fragments, immobilization of the fracture with metal plates, rods and or pins and bone graft. In simple cases healing may be evident within 3 months. Gavriil Ilizarov revolutionized the treatment of recalcitrant nonunions demonstrating that the affected area of the bone could be removed, the fresh ends "docked" and the remaining bone lengthened using an external fixator device. The time course of healing after such treatment is longer than normal bone healing. Usually there are signs of union within 3 months, but the treatment may continue for many months beyond that.
Prognosis[edit]
By definition, a nonunion will not heal if left alone. Therefore the patient's symptoms will not be improved and the function of the limb will remain impaired. It will be painful to bear weight on it and it may be deformed or unstable. The prognosis of nonunion if treated depends on many factors including the age and general health of the patient, the time since the original injury, the number of previous surgeries, smoking history, the patient's ability to cooperate with the treatment. In the region of 80% of nonunions heal after the first operation. The success rate with subsequent surgeries is less.
References[edit]
See also[edit]
External links[edit] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The invasion of the Crimea Vol 7.djvu/186
142 THE WINTEli TKOUBLES. CHAPTER VII. THE HURRICANE OF THE 14TH OF NOVEMBER, I. CHAP. In the evening of the 13th of November after VII ' wild storms of wind and rain there set in a calm which lasted until an hour before sunrise on the following day ; but then over the open downs on the Chersonese, and the neighbouring coasts, harbours, and roadsteads, there swept on the The cyclone 14th of November a violent hurricane accom- nf the 14th -ii 1 1 iTi- 11 ofNovera- pauicd bj thuuder and lightning, by heavy ram, hail, and sleet, and followed, before the day ended, by driving snow. (^) The storm, it appears, was a cyclone revolving upon a centre which passed from south to north at the rate of no more than some twenty miles an hour, but on this moving axis the wliirlwind flew roiiiid with a velocity said to have reached to nearly a mile in the minute. (^) Of the French ship[)ing, one man-of-war, the Henri IV., one despatch-boat, and several supply-vessels and transports were lost ; (^) but it was upon the English supply-ships, ber. | WIKI |
Template:Tfm2/doc
This template is used to add other templates to the Tfd discussion pages. This template is a self-reference and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopedic content.
Usage
To nominate a single template for the first time, substitute this template on the latest Tfd log page above the other nominations:
* Note: TemplateName and OtherTemplate should be replaced by the templates' names excluding the prefix.
* Suggest what action should be taken for the template. | WIKI |
Page:Cruise of the Dry Dock.djvu/272
“How many men have you in there?”
“Eleven Hinglishmen, sir.”
“I assume responsibility for those men. From now on accept orders from me!”
“Yes, sir.”
“Pass the word around. I am going to hand in some German uniforms through this port. Let every man put on a uniform!”
“Very well, sir!” came the dismayed reply.
Caradoc withdrew his head from the hood. In the faint gleam from the outside incandescents, he fell to untying the strings by which the suits were leashed to the lines. He handed eleven suits to Madden, who passed them under the hood and Malone received them inside. Then Smith deliberately stripped off his own clothes and drew on a pair of German trousers.
“Get on a pair, Madden,” he advised. “Civilian trousers will be conspicuous in a bright light. You are going to see this thing through, aren't you?”
Madden nodded and followed his companion's example. Five minutes later the two, transformed into German sailors, walked out of the hanging laundry. | WIKI |
User:JenSwirsky
Jen Swirsky is a Florida-licensed attorney with an insatiable love for creative writing and country music. | WIKI |
James D. Libby
James "Jim" D. Libby is an American Republican politician serving the 22nd district on the Maine State Senate. The district includes Cumberland County, Oxford County, and York County.
Committees
Libby currently serves on three committees: the committee on Education and Cultural Affairs, the committee on Taxation, and the committee on Senate Conduct and Ethics. | WIKI |
Complex Number Multiplication LeetCode Solution
Here, We see Complex Number Multiplication LeetCode Solution. This Leetcode problem is done in many programming languages like C++, Java, JavaScript, Python, etc. with different approaches.
List of all LeetCode Solution
Complex Number Multiplication LeetCode Solution
Complex Number Multiplication LeetCode Solution
Problem Statement
complex number can be represented as a string on the form "real+imaginaryi" where:
• real is the real part and is an integer in the range [-100, 100].
• imaginary is the imaginary part and is an integer in the range [-100, 100].
• i2 == -1.
Given two complex numbers num1 and num2 as strings, return a string of the complex number that represents their multiplications.
Example 1:
Input: num1 = “1+1i”, num2 = “1+1i”
Output: “0+2i”
Explanation: (1 + i) * (1 + i) = 1 + i2 + 2 * i = 2i, and you need convert it to the form of 0+2i.
Example 2:
Input: num1 = “1+-1i”, num2 = “1+-1i”
Output: “0+-2i”
Explanation: (1 – i) * (1 – i) = 1 + i2 – 2 * i = -2i, and you need convert it to the form of 0+-2i.
Complex Number Multiplication LeetCode Solution C++
class Solution {
public:
string complexNumberMultiply(string num1, string num2) {
string res = "" ;
int a1 = real(num1) ;
int a2 = real(num2) ;
int b1 = complex(num1) ;
int b2 = complex(num2) ;
res = res + to_string(a1*a2-b1*b2)+'+'+to_string(a1*b2+a2*b1)+'i' ;
return res ;
}
int real(string str){
int i = 0 ;
string real = "" ;
while(str[i]!='+'){
real += str[i] ;
i++ ;
}
return stoi(real) ;
}
int complex(string str){
int i = 0 ;
string complex = "" ;
while(str[i]!='+'){
i++ ;
}
i++ ;
while(str[i]!='i'){
complex += str[i] ;
i++ ;
}
return stoi(complex) ;
}
};Code language: PHP (php)
Complex Number Multiplication Solution Java
class Solution {
public String complexNumberMultiply(String num1, String num2) {
String[] a = num1.split("\\+|i");
String[] b = num2.split("\\+|i");
int ar = Integer.parseInt(a[0]), ai = Integer.parseInt(a[1]);
int br = Integer.parseInt(b[0]), bi = Integer.parseInt(b[1]);
return String.format("%d+%di",ar*br -ai*bi, ar*bi + ai*br);
}
}Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
Complex Number Multiplication Solution JavaScript
var complexNumberMultiply = function(num1, num2) {
var a = parseInt(num1.split("+")[0]);
var b = parseInt(num1.split("+")[1].replace("i", ""));
var c = parseInt(num2.split("+")[0]);
var d = parseInt(num2.split("+")[1].replace("i", ""));
return `${a * c - b * d}+${a * d + b * c}i`;
};Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
Complex Number Multiplication Solution Python
class Solution(object):
def complexNumberMultiply(self, num1, num2):
a, b = int(num1[:num1.index("+")]), int(num1[num1.index("+")+1:-1])
c, d = int(num2[:num2.index("+")]), int(num2[num2.index("+")+1:-1])
real_part = a * c - b * d
imag_part = a * d + b * c
result = str(real_part) + "+" + str(imag_part) + "i"
return result
Scroll to Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Source
bx-python / scripts / interval_count_intersections.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Read two lists of intervals (with chromosomes) and count the number of entries
in the second set that intersect any entry in the first set.
TODO: This could use bitsets rather than the intervals package, would it be
faster?
usage: %prog bed1 bed2 > out
"""
from __future__ import division
import psyco_full
from bx import intervals
from bx import misc
import string
import sys
def main():
intersecters = {}
# Read ranges
for chr, start, end in read_intervals( misc.open_compressed( sys.argv[1] ) ):
if not intersecters.has_key( chr ): intersecters[ chr ] = intervals.Intersecter()
intersecters[ chr ].add_interval( intervals.Interval( start, end ) )
# Count intersection
total = 0
for chr, start, end in read_intervals( misc.open_compressed( sys.argv[2] ) ):
if intersecters.has_key( chr ):
intersection = intersecters[ chr ].find( start, end )
if intersection:
#print chr, intersection
total += 1
print total
def read_intervals( input ):
for line in input:
fields = line.split()
yield fields[0], int( fields[1] ), int( fields[2] )
main()
Tip: Filter by directory path e.g. /media app.js to search for public/media/app.js.
Tip: Use camelCasing e.g. ProjME to search for ProjectModifiedEvent.java.
Tip: Filter by extension type e.g. /repo .js to search for all .js files in the /repo directory.
Tip: Separate your search with spaces e.g. /ssh pom.xml to search for src/ssh/pom.xml.
Tip: Use ↑ and ↓ arrow keys to navigate and return to view the file.
Tip: You can also navigate files with Ctrl+j (next) and Ctrl+k (previous) and view the file with Ctrl+o.
Tip: You can also navigate files with Alt+j (next) and Alt+k (previous) and view the file with Alt+o. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Are you reacting to your favorite perfume or deodorant? You may have an allergy to your fragrance and not realize it. A perfume and deodorant allergy is often misunderstood and reactions to fragrances are incorrectly labeled as an allergy. However, there is a difference between irritation caused by fragrances and an actual allergy. It is important to identify whether you have a perfume or deodorant allergy although the symptoms may seem similar to irritation to a fragrance. An allergy is often a more serious reaction and you should take the necessary measures to avoid the trigger fragrance altogether.
Irritation or Allergy to Scents
The human body is able to withstand exposure to various substances. Some will not cause any disturbance to the system but at times the body can react to the presence of even a few molecules of a specific substance. These substances may either act as an irritant or allergen. Wit irritation, the substance damages a part of the body and elicits inflammation. It can happen to any person although the amount of a substance to induce irritation can vary from person to person. An allergy is slightly different.
perfumes
Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a substance that is otherwise harmless. The substance in this case is known as an allergen. The reason why some people develop allergies to certain harmless substances is not known. It is believed to be partly genetic in nature. Allergies are more likely to develop in a person who has a history of immune hypersensitivity. For example, if you had allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever) or atopic dermatitis in childhood then you are at a greater risk of allergies.
In an allergy, the specific immune system develops antibodies to a substance. When your body is exposed to the allergen, these antibodies trigger certain parts of the immune system which results in inflammation. With a perfume or deodorant allergy, the chemicals that make up the scent or other additives to the fragrance may serve as an allergen. Even if you were exposed to it previously and did not experience any reaction, your body may later develop an allergy to it.
Redness and Skin Rash
Redness of the skin is probably one of the most common symptoms that most of us associate with a perfume or deodorant allergy. It can also occur with irritation of the skin from being exposed to different fragrances. When the chemicals in the perfume or deodorant make contact with the skin, it can cause localized inflammation. Redness of the skin is the most obvious symptom but a skin rash can develop with persistent use of the fragrance and particularly in people who are allergic to the fragrance. Initially the skin is swollen and raised but with time it becomes dry and rough to touch. An allergic reaction at the area where the perfume or deodorant makes contact with the skin is known as allergic contact dermatitis.
Itching, Burning and Sensitive
Itching of the skin with a perfume or deodorant allergy is another common symptom. Sometimes the itching arises with any skin redness or rash. It is one of the first symptoms of sensitivity to a fragrance but it is often ignored. The itching tends to worsen as a rash erupts and can be intense to the point that the repeated scratching damages the skin. However, itching is not always present. Therefore the lack of itching should not mislead a person into believing that they are not sensitive to the fragrance. Sometimes the skin may burn upon contact with the perfume or deodorant. This is more often seen with chemical irritation. The skin may also become sensitive to touch after exposure to the fragrance.
Burning and Watery Eyes
red eyes
Some perfumes or deodorants are applied with aerosol sprays for wide coverage. This means that the particles are airborne and can make contact with the eyes. Even if not sprayed, a perfume or deodorant has volatile substances that vaporize easily and are therefore airborne. These substances can therefore irritate the eyes through contact with the air. Even if you have not worn the fragrance, another person’s perfume or deodorant may also cause irritation or trigger an allergic reaction. Inflammation of the outer parts of the eye like the conjunctiva and cornea tends to result in redness and burning. Excessive tearing also occurs thereby leading to water eyes.
Sneezing and Runny Nose
The airborne particles can also enter the nasal passages and irritate it. Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, either due to an allergy or irritation, will elicit sneezing and a runny nose. The discharge is typically thin and watery. As with the eyes, the nasal symptoms may arise even if a person is not wearing any fragrance. Being in close proximity to a person wearing a perfume or deodorant or even stepping into a closed room where the fragrance was sprayed may trigger a reaction. Sneezing is the body’s attempt to discharge the irritant from the nasal passages. A runny nose is not only a sign of inflammation. It is also the body’s way of “washing out” the nasal passages.
Darkened Skin
deodorant
Darkening of the skin can arise with prolonged irritation or a long term allergic reaction. Sometimes it is the scratching that leads to skin damage and darkening. Discoloration of the skin is often more prominent on the armpits where people tend to apply perfume and deodorant liberally. While antiperspirant deodorant will only work when sprayed directly to the skin, ideally a person should avoid applying perfume or deodorant on the skin. The darkening may be reversible if the damage to the skin is not extensive and the applying the perfume or deodorant to the skin is discontinued. However, in many cases it is a permanent darkening.
Breathing Difficulty
A person who is hypersensitive to fragrances may experience more serious symptoms when the airborne particles enter the airways. It can cause respiratory symptoms like hoarseness of the voice and even difficulty breathing. These are uncommon symptoms of a perfume or deodorant allergy but may occur in high risk individuals, like people suffering with allergic asthma. The lining of the respiratory passages are abundant in immune cells that play a central role in allergies. When airborne particles from the perfume or deodorant make contact with the lining of the airways, an allergic reaction occurs very rapidly. There is swelling in the walls of the airways and the airflow is therefore restricted. Difficulty breathing with a perfume or deodorant allergy is unlikely to occur due to anaphylaxis – the most severe type of allergic reaction which can be fatal.
Article reviewed by Dr. Greg. Last updated on August 3, 2013 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
coral snake
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
coral snake
n.
Any of various venomous elapid snakes chiefly of the genus Micrurus of tropical America and the southern United States, characteristically having bright red, yellow, and black bands.
coral snake
n
1. (Animals) any venomous elapid snake of the genus Micrurus and related genera, of tropical and subtropical America, marked with red, black, yellow, and white transverse bands
2. (Animals) any of various other brightly coloured elapid snakes of Africa and SE Asia
cor′al snake`
n.
any of several venomous elapid snakes often marked with bands of red, yellow, and black, as Micrurus fulvius, of the SE U.S.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.coral snake - any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australiacoral snake - any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia
elapid, elapid snake - any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
African coral snake, Aspidelaps lubricus - small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange
Australian coral snake, Rhynchoelaps australis - small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red
2.coral snake - any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South America and Central America
elapid, elapid snake - any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius - ranges from Central America to southeastern United States
Micruroides euryxanthus, western coral snake - ranges from Central America to southwestern United States
Translations
korálovec
References in periodicals archive ?
This vaccine does not provide much protection against venom from Water Moccasin (Cottonmouth), Mojave rattlesnake or Coral snake, however, since their venom is different.
Eastern milk snakes are sometimes confused with the deadly coral snake.
There was a little coral snake asleep, coiled by a rocking chair.
The Coral Snake lie ten points adrift from safety with only ten games remaining and on current form a swift return to Serie B looks probable.
There's the dainty but deadly eyelash viper, the colourful and poisonous coral snake - and heard but not seen, howler monkeys.
The GA100MRB-1A collaborative watch highlights iconographic elements from Patagonia featuring the coral snake, chosen because of their emblem of a land of tradition and wildness.
The Micrurus mipartitus coral snake belongs to the Elapidae family, characterized by the most toxic venoms among all terrestrial snakes, and consists of two subfamilies--elapidae and hydrophinae, the first one represented in America by the poisonous coral snakes of the Micrurus genus.
was waiting for the moment when, taking one specimen or another in her hand, she could relive that joyous surprise, because she had always imagined that the snake's body was unpleasantly slimy and wet, and when the possibility of close contact first presented itself in the shape of a pretty coral snake, which Jeronimo wanted to wrap around K's neck playfully, you could go to a ball dressed like that, he said, you would be the queen of the ball, a rainha do bailhe, but then, seeing K's laughing resistance, he put it in her hand rather, and from that unexpected, dry coolness that her palm and fingertips felt on the scales a strange calm descended upon her. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:YYYW
I am a student in NYU Copyright, Commerce, and Culture. I am selecting and working an wikipedia article in the context of this class. | WIKI |
-- Doctor Jailing Won’t Help U.S. and Pakistan, Panetta Says
Pakistan’s imposition of a 33-year
prison term on a doctor who aided the U.S. in the hunt for Osama bin Laden won’t help to re-establish normal relations with the
U.S., Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said. “It is so difficult to understand, and it’s so disturbing
that they would sentence this doctor to 33 years for helping in
the search for the most notorious terrorist of our times,”
Panetta said today on ABC’s “This Week.” A court in Pakistan’s northwestern tribal region convicted
the doctor, Shakil Afridi, of treason on May 23. Afridi was
charged with running a fake vaccination program in Abbottabad,
the town where bin Laden hid for as long as five years, to
obtain a DNA sample from those living in the compound where the
al-Qaeda leader was shot dead by Navy SEALs in May 2011. The jailing will challenge already complicated U.S.-
Pakistan relations, Panetta said. Pakistan remains an important
nation in the region because it has nuclear weapons, Panetta
said. “It’s an up-and-down relationship,” Panetta said.
“They’re dealing with the terrorist threat just like we are.” “Our responsibility here is to keep pushing them to
understand how important it is for them to work with us to try
to deal with the common threats we both face,” Panetta said. Afghan Progress On Afghanistan, Panetta said progress has been made to
reduce organized attacks by the Taliban, and violence has
subsided. The Afghan army is more capable of providing security,
with more than 50 percent of the population under local control,
he said. Yet the job isn’t over, he said. While the draw-down of U.S. troops is on schedule for 2014,
it doesn’t mean the U.S. will be completely out of Afghanistan ,
Panetta said. Support will continue for counterterrorism
efforts, training and guidance, he said. U.S. officials are
concerned about neighboring Pakistan remaining a safe haven for
terrorists. “We still have a fight on our hands,” Panetta said.
“We’re still dealing with the Taliban. Although they’ve been
weakened, they are resilient.” In a May 25 interview on CNN, U.S. Marine Corps General
John Allen, commander of NATO’s International Security
Assistance Force in Afghanistan, said the U.S. will transfer
command of combat operations to the Afghan military after 2013,
and he will report to the president by the end of this year on
steps needed to withdraw 23,000 troops. Afghan leaders have arrested more than 160 people in their
security forces in the past several months who might be plotting
attacks against the international troops, Allen said. “It’s a concern, of course it’s a concern,” Panetta said
on ABC today. “It’s the kind of thing that the Taliban would
use to come at our forces. And it’s an indication again that
because they can’t organize efforts to come at us, they’re going
to use this kind of tactic to try to frighten us.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Jeff Plungis in Washington at
jplungis@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Steven Komarow at skomarow1@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ESSO VIRGIN ISLANDS, INC., Plaintiff v. GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS BY AND THROUGH THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND CONSUMER AFFAIRS AND ANDREW RUTNICK, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS COMMISSIONER OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Defendants
Civil No. 2004-175
District Court of the Virgin Islands Division of St. Thomas and St. John
June 30, 2008
Adriane J. Dudley, Esq., G. Alan Teague, Esq., St. Thomas, U.S.V.I., For the Plaintiff.
Carol Thomas-Jacobs, Esq., St. Thomas, U.S.V.I., For the Defendant.
GÓMEZ, Chief Judge
MEMORANDUM OPINION
(June 30, 2008)
Before the Court is the motion of the defendants, Government of the United States Virgin Islands by and through the Virgin Islands Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs and Andrew Rutnick, in his official capacity as Commissioner of the Virgin Islands Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs (collectively referred to as the “Defendants”), to dismiss the complaint of the plaintiff, Esso Virgin Islands, Inc. (“Esso”).
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In June, 2004, the Virgin Islands Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs (the “DLCA”) completed a study of the Virgin Islands fuel market. Based on that study, on December 15, 2004, the DLCA issued an order (the “2004 Order”) that limited the gross profit margin of Virgin Islands gasoline and diesel fuel wholesalers to no more than thirty cents per gallon on the sale of their fuel products.
Thereafter, Esso, a gasoline and diesel fuel wholesaler in the Virgin Islands, commenced this six-count action. In Count I, Esso seeks a declaration from this Court that the 2004 Order is invalid on several grounds. In Count II, Esso alleges that Andrew Rutnick, in his official capacity as Commissioner of the Virgin Islands DLCA (“the Commissioner”), violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 by taking Esso’s private property. In Count III, Esso alleges that the Commissioner exceeded his statutory authority under Virgin Islands law by failing to promulgate rules and regulations as required by the Virgin Islands Code. Count IV asserts that the Commissioner violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 by depriving Esso of due process. Count V asserts that the DLCA deprived Esso of its equal protection rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Finally, in Count VI, Esso seeks an injunction to prevent the Defendants from implementing the 2004 Order.
On March 17, 2005, the DLCA rescinded the 2004 Order.
The Defendants now seek to dismiss Esso’s complaint, primarily on grounds of mootness. Esso has filed an opposition.
II. DISCUSSION
A mootness analysis “traditionally begins with ‘the requirement of Article III of the Constitution under which the exercise of judicial power depends upon the existence of a case or controversy.’” Intn’l Bhd. of Boilermakers v. Kelly, 815 F.2d 912, 914 (3d Cir. 1987) (quoting North Carolina v. Rice, 404 U.S. 244, 246, 92 S. Ct. 402, 30 L. Ed. 2d 413 (1971)). The existence of a case or controversy requires “‘(1) a legal controversy that is real and not hypothetical, (2) a legal controversy that affects an individual in a concrete manner so as to provide the factual predicate for reasoned adjudication, and (3) a legal controversy with sufficiently adverse parties so as to sharpen the issues for judicial resolution.’” Id. at 915 (quoting Dow Chem. Co. v. EPA, 605 F.2d 673, 678 (3d Cir. 1979)). “The central question of all mootness problems is whether changes in circumstances that prevailed at the beginning of the litigation have forestalled any occasion for meaningful relief.” In re Surrick, 338 F.3d 224, 230 (3d Cir. 2003).
“Moreover, it does not matter when the case becomes moot.” The requirement that a case or controversy be ‘actual [and] ongoing’ extends throughout all stages of federal judicial proceedings, including appellate review.” Rendell v. Rumsfeld, 484 F.3d 236, 240-41 (3d Cir. 2007) (quoting Khodara Envtl., Inc. v. Beckman, 237 F.3d 186, 193 (3d Cir. 2001)). ’’Hence, if a case becomes moot after the [trial court] enters judgment, an appellate court no longer has jurisdiction to review the matter on appeal.“ Id. at 241 (citing Mills v. Green, 159 U.S. 651, 653, 16 S. Ct. 132, 40 L. Ed. 293 (1895)).
The defendant bears a “heavy burden” to establish mootness. Thompson v. United States Dep’t of Labor, 813 F.2d 48, 51 (3d Cir. 1987) (quoting Iron Arrow Honor Society v. Heckler, 464 U.S. 67, 72, 104 S. Ct. 373, 78 L. Ed. 2d 58 (1983)).
III. ANALYSIS
Each of the Defendants’ several arguments in support of their motion to dismiss will be addressed in turn.
A. Mootness
The Defendants first assert that Esso’s complaint must be dismissed on grounds of mootness because the 2004 Order has been rescinded. In opposition, Esso maintains that its claims are either not moot or capable of repetition.
On March 17, 2005, the DLCA rescinded the 2004 Order. As a consequence, Esso’s challenge of that order, as a practical matter, is moot. See, e.g., Utah Shared Access Alliance v. Carpenter, 463 F.3d 1125, 1134-35 (10th Cir. 2006) (finding a lawsuit relating to Bureau of Land Management orders moot where those orders had been superseded by subsequent orders), cert. denied, 127 S. Ct. 2100, 167 L. Ed. 2d 814 (2007); Greenpeace Action v. Franklin, 14 F.3d 1324, 1329 (9th Cir. 1992) (noting that the court could not technically grant the appellant “effective relief on its claim that” a rescinded administrative order had been unlawfully approved); Halvonik v. Reagan, 457 F.2d 311, 313-14 (9th Cir. 1972) (finding a lawsuit challenging loitering and assembly regulations moot after the regulations were rescinded). However, even if rescission of the 2004 Order weighs in favor of the Defendants’ mootness argument, Esso’s claims may still be heard in this Court.
Under the “capable of repetition” exception, “a court may exercise its jurisdiction and consider the merits of a case that would otherwise be deemed moot when ‘(1) the challenged action is, in its duration, too short to be fully litigated prior to cessation or expiration, and (2) there is a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party will be subject to the same action again.’” Rendell, 484 F.3d at 241 (quoting Spencer v. Kemna, 523 U.S. 1, 17, 118 S. Ct. 978, 140 L. Ed. 2d 43 (1998)). “The exception from the mootness doctrine for cases that are technically moot but ‘capable of repetition, yet evading review’ is narrow and available ‘only in exceptional situations.’” Id. (citing City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95, 109, 103 S. Ct. 1660, 75 L. Ed. 2d 675 (1983); Weinstein v. Bradford, 423 U.S. 147, 148-49, 96 S. Ct. 347, 46 L. Ed. 2d 350 (1975)).
With respect to the first prong of the capable of repetition exception, the Court must determine whether the life span of the 2004 Order was too short to be fully litigated before it was rescinded.
In Greenpeace Action v. Franklin, the plaintiffs brought suit to challenge the Pacific Fishery Management Council’s (the “PFMC”) total allowable catch (“TAC”) regulation for the 1991 fishing season. The PFMC argued that the plaintiffs’ claims were moot because the 1991 fishing season had ended, the 1991 TAC had expired, and a new TAC was in effect. Id. at 1329. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit disagreed, reasoning that the PFMC’s actions came within the capable of repetition exception. The court found, inter alia, that the challenged regulation was in effect for less than one year, making it difficult to obtain effective judicial review. Id. at 1329-30.
Similarly, the 2004 Order was in effect for only three months. That period of time is simply insufficient for Esso to obtain effective judicial review, including appellate review. See, e.g., Alaska Fish & Wildlife Fed’n v. Dunkle, 829 F.2d 933, 939 (9th Cir. 1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 988, 108 S. Ct. 1290, 99 L. Ed. 2d 501 (1988) (holding that a lawsuit was not moot where the “regulation challenged was in effect for less than one year, making it difficult to obtain effective judicial review”); Maryland People’s Counsel v. Federal Energy Regulatory Com., 761 F.2d 768, 773, 245 U.S. App. D.C. 365 (D.C. Cir. 1985) (finding that the first prong of the exception was met where the regulatory orders the plaintiff challenged “remained in force for slightly less than one year, not enough time to allow their validity to be fully litigated”); Or. Natural Desert Ass’n v. Lohn, 485 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1197 (D. Or. 2007) (finding the exception applicable where the defendant regulatory agency’s 2006 opinions “were in effect for less than one year, making it nearly impossible to obtain effective judicial review”). Accordingly, the first prong of the capable of repetition exception is satisfied.
The Court must next inquire whether the challenged action is susceptible of being repeated. The Supreme Court has defined this prong as requiring “a ‘reasonable expectation1 or a ‘demonstrated probability’ that the same controversy will occur involving the same complaining party.” Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478, 482, 102 S. Ct. 1181, 71 L. Ed. 2d 353 (1982) (per curiam) (citation omitted) (emphasis supplied). The Court has further explained that it has “never held that a mere physical or theoretical possibility was sufficient to satisfy the [capable of repetition] test. ... If this were true, virtually any matter of short duration would be reviewable.” Id.
Courts have recognized that “the mere amendment or repeal of a challenged ordinance does not automatically moot a challenge to that ordinance.” Am. Legion Post 7 of Durham v. City of Durham, 239 F.3d 601, 605 (4th Cir. 2001) (citing City of Mesquite v. Aladdin’s Castle, Inc., 455 U.S. 283, 289, 102 S. Ct. 1070, 71 L. Ed. 2d 152 (1982)); see also Lillbask ex rel. Mauclaire v. Conn. Dep’t of Educ., 397 F.3d 77, 92 (2d Cir. 2005) (stating that the ‘“repeal of a challenged provision [of law] that obviates the plaintiff’s claims’ will be held to ‘moot a litigation, absent evidence that the defendant intends to reinstate the challenged statute after the litigation is dismissed, or that the [defendant] does not believe that the [repeal] renders the case moot’”) (quoting Lamar Adver. of Penn., LLC v. Town of Orchard Park, 356 F.3d 365, 377 (2d Cir. 2004)). Rather, the inquiry must focus on whether the entity that issued the rule or regulation will reissue it. City of Durham, 239 F.3d at 606. “The standard for ‘determining whether a case has been mooted by the defendant’s voluntary conduct is stringent: A case might become moot if subsequent events made it absolutely clear that the allegedly wrongful behavior could not reasonably be expected to recur.’” United States v. Virgin Islands, 363 F.3d 276, 285, 45 V.I. 764 (3d Cir. 2004) (quoting Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 189, 120 S. Ct. 693, 145 L. Ed. 2d 610 (2000)). “Moreover, the party alleging mootness bears the ‘heavy,’ even ‘formidable’ burden of persuading the court that the challenged conduct cannot reasonably be expected to resume.” Id. (quoting Friends of the Earth, 528 U.S. at 189-90).
Here, the Defendants have failed to meet their heavy burden of demonstrating that there is no reasonable expectation that the DLCA would issue an order akin to the 2004 Order that would implicate the same allegations that Esso now raises in its complaint. Indeed, in their moving papers the Defendants exert practically no effort to make such a showing. That failure may be explained by the Defendants’ erroneous belief that “the plaintiff bears the burden to prove to the court that relief is still needed [where the] defendant contends that a case is moot,” (Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss 7.) Contrary to the Defendants’ belief, the burden in a mootness analysis is the defendant’s, not the plaintiff’s. See Surrick v. Killion, 449 F.3d 520, 526 (3d Cir. 2006).
The record does not compensate for the Defendants’ silence on this point. Indeed, the timing of the rescission of the 2004 Order — a mere six days before the filing of the Defendants’ motion to dismiss — “strongly suggests that the []pending litigation was the cause of the [rescission].” See Virgin Islands, 363 F.3d at 285. The fact that the Defendants rescinded the order while litigation was pending and, a few days later, filed their motion to dismiss the complaint as moot based on that rescission, “gives no assurance that a similar [order] will not be entered into in the future.” See id.
Furthermore, Esso states in its opposition that after the March 17, 2005, rescission of the 2004 Order, the Commissioner issued another order on March 18, 2005. Esso contends that this subsequent order was likewise issued in contravention of Virgin Islands law. The Defendants do not rebut that contention. See, e.g., Pennsylvania v. Porter, 659 F.2d 306, 313 (3d Cir. 1981) (en banc) (holding that a case was not moot where the defendant city failed to provide assurances that a policeman charged with misconduct would not be rehired or that the challenged conduct would not be resumed); cf. Reyes v. City of Lynchburg, 300 F.3d 449, 453 (4th Cir. 2002) (concluding that an overbreadth claim was moot where the city repealed the challenged ordinance, promised not to reenact a similar one, and there was “no reasonable expectation” that the city would reenact it).
In Dow Chemical Co. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 605 F.2d 673 (3d Cir. 1979), the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reasoned that “when a party does not change its ‘substantive stance’ as to the validity of [a regulation] but merely terminates it for allegedly purely practical reasons (such as avoiding litigation), the termination . . . does not render the case moot.” Virgin Islands, 363 F.3d at 286 (citing Dow Chemical Co., 605 F.2d at 679). Here, as in Dow Chemical, because the Court finds that the Defendants’ voluntary rescission of the 2004 Order does not clearly indicate that the Defendants will not issue a similar order in the future, Esso’s claims are not moot.
B. Sovereign Immunity
The Defendants next argue that Esso’s complaint should be dismissed because “Esso cannot maintain a suit against the Government of the Virgin Islands for money damages . . . because the Government never waived its sovereign immunity pertaining to these types of claim for damages.” (Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss 9.) In its complaint, Esso seeks damages for alleged violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (“section 1983”).
“To state a claim under section 1983, a plaintiff must allege the violation of a right secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and must show that the alleged deprivation was committed by a person acting under color of state law.” Harvey v. Plains Twp. Police Dep’t, 421 F.3d 185, 189 (3d Cir. 2005) (quoting West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48, 108 S. Ct. 2250, 101 L. Ed. 2d 40 (1988)); see also Gibson v. Superintendent of N.J. Dep’t of Law & Pub. Safety-Division, 411 F.3d 427, 433 (3d. Cir. 2005) (noting that plaintiffs must demonstrate “(1) of what constitutional or federal right [they were] deprived, and (2) how [they were] deprived of that right under color of state law”).
A plaintiff may only bring a section 1983 action against those who are “persons” subject to suit for damages under section 1983. Eddy v. Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority, 955 F. Supp. 468, 476, 35 V.I. 441 (D.V.I. 1997). The Supreme Court has held that “[i]t is evident that Congress did not intend to encompass a Territory among those ‘persons’ who could be exposed to [section] 1983 liability.” Ngiraingas v. Sanchez, 495 U.S. 182, 191-92, 110 S. Ct. 1737, 109 L. Ed. 2d 163 (1990) (reasoning that “if Guam is not a person, neither are its officers acting in their official capacity”). “Moreover, state officials acting in their official capacities are not subject to suit under section 1983, since ‘a suit against a state official in his or her official capacity is not a suit against the official but rather is a suit against the official’s office.... As such, it is no different from a suit against the State itself.’” Eddy, 955 F. Supp. at 476 (quoting Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 69 n.9, 109 S. Ct. 2304, 105 L. Ed. 2d 45 (1989)). Thus, “officers and employees of a territory such as the Virgin Islands acting in their official capacities may not be made defendants in a section 1983 action.” Id.
“A suit for damages must be contrasted with a suit for equitable relief. The Supreme Court has held that a state official sued for injunctive relief is a ‘person’ under [section] 1983 because an action for prospective relief is not treated as a suit against the state.” Powell v. Ridge, 189 F.3d 387, 401 (3d Cir. 1999) (citing Will, 491 U.S. at 71 n.10); see also Melo v. Hafer, 912 F.2d 628, 635 (3d Cir. 1990).
Here, Counts II, IV and V of the complaint assert violations of section 1983 against the Government of the Virgin Islands and an official acting in his official capacity as an employee of the Government of the Virgin Islands. In its complaint, Esso does not specify whether it seeks money damages or injunctive relief as a result of the allegations in those particular counts. To the extent those counts all allege that the 2004 Order has resulted in Esso’s inability to realize a fair return on its investment, however, it is clear that in those counts Esso seeks at least in part monetary compensation for financial losses it allegedly suffered due to its compliance with the 2004 Order.
Furthermore, in its prayer for relief, while Esso states that it seeks injunctive relief to prevent the Defendants from implementing the 2004 Order, Esso also seeks “[a]n award of damages against defendants ... to compensate Esso for any and all property taken from them as a result of the regulatory actions of the defendants.” (Compl. at 12.)
In its opposition to the Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Esso argues that “[s]ection 1983 is completely irrelevant with respect to Fifth Amendment takings claims.” (Pl.’s Mem. of Law in Opp’n to Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss 7.) While glossing over the Defendants’ assertion that the Government of the Virgin Islands is immune from money damages claims under section 1983, Esso asserts that Count II is a Fifth Amendment takings claim. According to Esso, “the Fifth Amendment is self-executing, and therefore damages are available for [the Defendants’] violation independent of [s]ection 1983.” (Id.) Liberally construed, Count II is a Fifth Amendment takings claim, notwithstanding Esso’s reference to section 1983. See, e.g., Budinsky v. Pennsylvania Dep’t of Environmental Resources, 819 F.2d 418, 421 (3d Cir. 1987) (“We must . . . liberally construe the complaint in the plaintiff’s favor.”) (citations omitted); see also Philips Oral Healthcare, Inc. v. Fed. Ins. Co., 83 Fed. Appx. 963, 965 (9th Cir. 2003) (unpublished) (noting that courts “are not bound by [the complaint’s] formal language”) (citing Nordstrom, Inc. v. Chubb & Son, Inc., 54 F.3d 1424, 1433 (9th Cir. 1995)).
In evaluating a takings claim, the Court must first consider whether Esso has identified a property interest cognizable under the Fifth Amendment. See M & J Coal Co. v. United States, 47 F.3d 1148, 1154 (Fed. Cir. 1995). If Esso satisfies the prerequisite of identifying a cognizable property interest, the Court then considers whether the governmental action in question constitutes a taking of that property interest. Id. (internal citation omitted).
Here, Count II states that the 2004 Order “is confiscatory, as it does not allow Esso to recover its total operating costs and realize a fair return on its investment.” (Compl. ¶ 40.) The property interest Esso identifies thus appears to be operating costs and returns on investment.
In Tenoco Oil Co. v. Department of Consumer Affairs, 876 F.2d 1013 (1st Cir. 1989), an agency of the Puerto Rico government issued gasoline price regulations. Gasoline wholesalers brought suit, alleging, inter alia, that the regulations violated the Fifth Amendment’s takings clause. Although the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit dismissed that claim for want of jurisdiction, the court explained that
regulated rates must be “just and reasonable” in order to be constitutional. To be just and reasonable, rates must provide not only for a company ’ s costs, but also for a fair return on investment. Rates which fall below this standard are “confiscatory.”
Id. at 1020 (citations omitted). The court further reasoned that
[a] state regulation that interferes too greatly with an owner’s economic use of property has come to be viewed as a taking that requires the state to furnish just compensation. By the same token, the takings clause prevents states (unless they offer other means of compensation to sellers) from imposing price controls capping prices below just and reasonable levels.
Id. at 1020-21 (citations omitted).
Here, Esso has sufficiently alleged that it has a property interest protected by the Fifth Amendment because it alleges that the 2004 Order established excessively onerous price controls that denied it the ability to cover its operating costs. See, e.g., Tenoco Oil Co., 876 F.2d at 1020-21.
Esso has also adequately alleged the second element of a takings claims because it states that the 2004 Order’s legal imposition of a gross profit margin on its gasoline sales deprived it of its asserted property interest. See, e.g., Asociacion De Subscripcion Conjunta Del Seguro De Responsabilidad Obligatorio v. Flores Galarza, 484 F.3d 1, 32 (1st Cir. 2007). Cf. Garelick v. Sullivan, 987 F.2d 913, 916 (2d Cir. 1993) (holding that the plaintiffs did not have a viable takings claim where they were under no legal obligation to comply with price regulations); Whitney v. Heckler, 780 F.2d 963, 972 (11th Cir. 1986) (same). Accordingly, the motion will be denied as to Count II’s takings claim.
The Court turns now to Esso’s section 1983 claims in Counts IV and V. Insofar as those counts assert claims against the Government of the Virgin Islands, the Court notes that states and agencies of the states are not persons for the purposes of section 1983. Pennhurst State School & Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 101-02, 104 S. Ct. 900, 79 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1984); Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 339-40, 99 S. Ct. 1139, 59 L. Ed. 2d 358 (1979); Alabama v. Pugh, 438 U.S. 781, 781-82, 98 S. Ct. 3057, 57 L. Ed. 2d 1114 (1978). As such, Counts IV and V must be dismissed as to the Government of the Virgin Islands. See, e.g., Monell v. Virgin Islands, 2003-50, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44240, at *7 (D.V.I. Nov. 14, 2005) (“Whether suits for prospective relief against Territorial officials acting in their official capacity are suits against the Territory, a suit for prospective, injunctive relief under section 1983 or any other form of relief cannot be brought against the Government of the Virgin Islands itself.”) (citations omitted); see also Durant v. Husband, 28 F.3d 12, 14 n.1, 30 V.I. 409 (3d Cir. 1994) (noting that the Virgin Islands government is not subject to suits for damages under section 1983) (citations omitted).
To the extent Counts IV and V seek money damages from an official, they seek damages from the treasury of the Virgin Islands. As such, those claims, insofar as they seek monetary compensation, must be dismissed. See, e.g., Berne Corp. v. Virgin Islands, 262 F. Supp. 2d 540, 547 (D.V.I. 2003) (noting that the plaintiff could not sue a territorial official in his official capacity for money damages under section 1983), aff’d 105 Fed. Appx. 324 (3d Cir. 2004).
While damages claims against state officials acting in their official capacities are impermissible under section 1983, claims for injunctive relief against such officials acting in their official capacities may proceed. The Third Circuit, to date, has declined to rule on whether that narrow exception applies to Virgin Islands officials. See, e.g., St. Thomas-St. John Hotel & Tourism Ass’n v. Virgin Islands, 218 F.3d 232, 242 n.5 (3d Cir. 2000) (“[W]e do not decide whether territorial officials in their official capacities are ‘persons’ under [section] 1983 when sued solely for prospective injunctive relief.”); Brow v. Farrelly, 994 F.2d 1027, 1037 n.12, 28 V.I. 345 (3d Cir. 1993) (“[W]e cannot rule out the possibility that [the Supreme Court] did not intend ... to bar section 1983 actions for prospective injunctive relief against territorial officials in their official capacities. However, ... we need not address this issue here.”) (citations omitted).
The Ninth Circuit, however, has reasoned that the exception does extend to suits against Guam officials acting in their official capacities. See Guam Soc’y of Obstetricians & Gynecologists v. Ada, No. 90-16706, 1992 U.S. App. LEXIS 13490, at *14 (9th Cir. June 16, 1992), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1011 (1992); see also Carlos v. Guam, Nos. 95-17356, 96-15419, 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 17187, at *8 (9th Cir. July 7, 1997). This Court similarly agrees that the exception applies to suits against Virgin Islands officials. A contrary holding “would totally nullify the provision of section 1983 imposing liability upon persons acting under color of law of ‘any State or Territory.’” Guam Soc’y of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 1992 U.S. App. LEXIS 13490, at *14 (emphasis in original).
Therefore, to the extent Counts IV and V seek to prospectively enjoin the Defendants from implementing the 2004 Order, or an order similarly issued, those counts may proceed against the Commissioner acting in his official capacity. See, e.g., Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 168 (3d Cir. 2002) (reasoning that a person seeking purely prospective relief against state officials for ongoing violations of federal law may sue such officials); Nester v. Allen, Civ. No. 07-1651, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 54826, at *10 (E.D. Pa. July 27, 2007) (“[T]o the extent that plaintiff seeks prospective or injunctive relief from defendants in their official capacities, these claims may go forward.”) (citation omitted).
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed above, the Defendants’ motion to dismiss will be denied in part and granted in part. An appropriate order follows.
The Defendants’ motion was filed in March, 2005. The Court scheduled the trial of this matter for June 1,2005. In May, 2005, the Court continued the trial date and took the motion to dismiss under advisement pending the parties’ repeated mediation efforts. Those efforts have been unsuccessful.
Attached to Esso’s motion are exhibits, including affidavits that support Esso’s assertion that the DLCA issued an order following the rescission of the 2004 Order. In ruling on the Defendants’ motion to dismiss, the Court has not taken into consideration any matters outside the pleadings.
42 U.S.C. § 1983 provides:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable.
Esso’s opposition to the Defendants’ motion to dismiss bolsters the Court’s conclusion that Esso partially seeks money damages for section 1983 claims. In that opposition, Esso attempts to maintain its claims by arguing that “it is clear that Esso has been deprived of its property, and is entitled to damages. . . . Therefore, . . . Esso is entitled to a trial for just compensation based on the Government’s regulatory taking.” (Pl.’s Mem. of Law in Opp’n to Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss 8) (emphasis supplied). Nowhere in its opposition does Esso specifically attempt to support its claim that injunctive relief is appropriate.
This Court has held that “[t]he Virgin Islands cannot constitutionally take private property without fairly compensating its owner and it is beyond dispute that ‘while property may be regulated to a certain extent, if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking.’” Ball v. Virgin Islands Public Services Com., 23 V.I. 150, 154 (D.V.I. Feb. 26, 1987) (quoting Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393, 415, 43 S. Ct. 158, 67 L. Ed. 322 (1922)).
Specifically, the Tenoco Court found that the claim was unripe. 876 F.2d at 1028.
The Defendants argue that the Government of the Virgin Islands can never be subject to a Fifth Amendment claim because of the Eleventh Amendment’s sovereign immunity provision. That argument fails because neither the Third Circuit nor this Court has yet recognized that the Virgin Islands is protected by the Eleventh Amendment. See United States v. Virgin Islands, 363 F.3d 276, 286-87, 45 V.I. 764 (3d Cir. 2004) (declining to decide whether the Virgin Islands possesses Eleventh Amendment immunity); Sunken Treasure v. Unidentified, Wrecked, & Abandoned Vessel, 857 F. Supp. 1129, 1134 n. 10, 30 V.I. 274 (D.V.I. 1994) (noting that the Virgin Islands is “not shielded by the eleventh amendment”); Tonder v. M/V The “Burkholder”, 630 F. Supp. 691, 693, 22 V.I. 231 (D.V.I. 1986) (noting that “it appears that Congress did not intend that the Eleventh Amendment apply to the Virgin Islands”).
Count I of the complaint seeks a declaratory judgment. Count III of the complaint asserts an “arbitrary agency action” claim. Count VI seeks injunctive relief. The Defendants do not specifically challenge Counts I, III and VI in their motion to dismiss beyond their general mootness argument. The Court has already considered and rejected that argument. Because the Defendants assert no other ground for the dismissal of Counts I, III and VI, the motion will be denied with respect to those counts.
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I'm paying HOW MUCH for a kilowatt-hour?!
Spring 2010
County:
Allegheny
Exterior of a Shallenberger Meter
Mechanical Engineering Magazine
Electric meters like this one allowed power companies to charge for electricity and to distribute it across the country.
Most of us have paid the electric bill at one point or another (some less frequently and/or punctually than others), but it’s likely few of us have ever stopped and wondered who it was that designed the electric meter mounted to the side of our house. We just go about our daily lives without ever considering such a thing, despite the annoyance of getting a monthly electric bill in the mail. The truth is, however, that without such a design and device, power companies would have no way to regulate and monitor the amount of electricity consumed by each household.
As such, before the invention of the electric meter, power companies had no way to monitor or price the power they supplied to individual households and businesses. And before there were power companies, individual households were responsible for producing their own power. Imagine today if every house was connected to a water wheel, giant windmill, or noisy generator rather than most having a convenient little box counting off every kilowatt-hour consumed. Most people, unless they live by a stream that can turn a water wheel, would opt for the little box and monthly bill.
So, who do we owe credit to for the modern day design of the electric meter that so unassumingly adds up our periodic power usage? His name is Oliver B. Shallenberger, and his invention enabled so many of us to be connected to the grid and charged accordingly. But to understand Mr. Shallenberger’s great contribution and how we have come to be so dependent on electricity, it is helpful to first understand the evolution of this power source.
Oliver B. Shallenberger
Beaver County Historical Society/Wikimedia
Oliver B. Shallenberger invented the electric meter.
Most people are familiar with the story of Benjamin Franklin tying a key to a kite and ‘discovering’ electricity when it was struck by lightning. This colorful interpretation of certain events has been skewed from real facts by Americans through its telling and retelling, generation to generation. The truth is people have known about electricity, or at least had some understanding of it, since the Ancient Egyptians. It remained no more than an intellectual curiosity, however, until the late nineteenth century.
It was around this time that a great debate was going on between two famous physicists. Known as the “War of the Currents,” this battle was between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse over the idea of DC versus AC power for commercial American use. (AC or alternating current is current that flows with a constantly changing magnitude, or goes from positive to negative repeatedly. DC or direct current describes current that is at a constant value with no phase. SPOILER ALERT: Modern American homes and businesses have outlets that supply 120V 60Hz AC power.)
The main reason for this debate was that Edison was the first to design numerous DC-oriented technological advancements, and DC power was the standard in the U.S. In the late 1880s, however, Nikola Tesla came up with the ideas for transformers and other electronic circuits, and AC became much more practical for residential consumption. George Westinghouse bought the rights to Tesla’s polyphase system patents along with other transformer designs and formed Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. in 1886. Once Westinghouse had the rights and support from Tesla himself, he was able to commercialize the production of AC power in the U.S.
It was around this time that Westinghouse hired an ex-naval officer eager to pursue his interest in electricity. This man was O.B. Shallenberger. And by 1888, Shallenberger had become Westinghouse’s chief electrician.
Though it’s less popular than Ben Franklin’s key and kite legend, the invention of Shallenberger’s meter is a story equally apocryphal. The story goes that while Shallenberger and an assistant were working on an AC arc lamp, a spring fell and came to rest on the inside ledge of the lamp. As the assistant went to reach for it, Shallenberger stopped him when he realized the spring had rotated. Shallenberger eventually discovered that the changing electric fields induced a magnetic field which caused the metal spring to rotate. With this at the heart of his idea, Shallenberger designed an AC ampere-hour meter three weeks later. His design implemented the use of an induction-based motor which comes from coiling a number of current carrying wires together that inherently possess a magnetic field through the beautiful relationship know as electromagnetism.
Electric Meter Patent Diagram
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Shallenberger's original design from his 1888 patent.
Using the original figure from the patent Shallenberger received for his design, (B) is the coil of wires that carry the current the resident is using. This current produces a magnetic field which points in the direction through the wires (e and e’). This force acts upon the metal disc or armature (A), causing it to rotate. This rotation spins the metal rod (a) the disc is connected to causing a registering ‘worm’ (h), which is like a screw, to rotate as well. The rotation of this worm turns a ‘worm-gear’ or wheel, which is connected to a registering train that is calibrated to display the amount of electricity used. The registering train is like a bunch of dials that point to numbers that represent the amount of current used. Also connected to the rod are four fan blades (N), which are used to slow down and eventually stop the disc from spinning once the force is removed (i.e. once the current stops flowing). The systems were calibrated by using a known amount of power and then using a little algebra and testing to determine coefficients, which took the fans retarding force into effect along with friction in the bearings between the disc and mounting rod, and in the gears.
Overall the design was simple yet ingenious and very effective in doing what it needed to do, so much in fact that the same design is still used in most meters today albeit with some modern day improvements. Shallenberger himself was responsible for many improvements and reinventions of his first AC electric meter and received a number of patents because of it. The reason the design was and still is so effective is because it consumes very little power assuring that customers only pay for the power they are using, while still being very accurate in recording power consumption. Modern day electric meters now use better materials for the armature and rod, along with better casings and registering components to minimize external defects.
According to the 1903 textbook Electrical Engineering: Measuring Instruments for Commercial and Laboratory Use, “It has already been pointed out that the great trouble in the generality of motor meters is the friction of the moving parts, which, if not minimized and compensated for, causes irregularities in the direct proportion between speed and the thing measured.” Shallenberger’s design uses the induced magnetic field from the current to measure the amount of current used which consumes little to no power. The textbook goes on to say, “Consequently it is an advantage that there should be no rubbing contacts in the meter, other than, of course, in the bearing, which can be minimized, but not entirely eliminated.” Shallenberger also did this by using gears, turned by the disc and rod, which had very little friction. “ A meter made…that fulfills the above requirements in a highly satisfactory degree is that introduced by Mr. Shallenberger some years ago, and which may be said to be one of the most satisfactory coulomb-motor meters in existence at the present day.” (Meters intended to measure electric quantity are called coulomb meters) These statements of praise still hold true just as they did over a hundred years ago.
Shallenberger revision to his original meter
Library of Congress
An improved design made by Shallenberger himself.
Once electric companies had an effective way to monitor the power consumption of individual households and businesses, the Second Industrial Revolution ensued as rural areas received electricity. Since then, electricity has become an absolute necessity for modern day living. Every appliance and luxury electronic in a typical household runs on electricity provided by the local power company, and will continue to do so for quite some time.
Through the development of other technologies like computers and highly sophisticated communication systems, electric meters have begun to evolve into more technologically advanced systems as well. Concepts such as Smart Grids and AMRs (automatic meter readings) have become integrated with the electromechanical electricity meters that are based on Shallenberger’s original design. These newer technologies eliminate the need for the ‘meter man’ to get the reading from the meter itself. Essentially the registering system in the original design has gone from analog to digital and can now send readings to huge databases for billing, analysis, and troubleshooting. Smart Grids even take it a step further and can actually give real-time readings from anywhere as well as statistically determine how much power individual households will use allowing for more efficient power consumption.
They say the greatest ideas are those that stand the test of time. O.B Shallenberger’s design of an induction motor-based electricity meter is still used in most meters today. The simple yet effective design has been able to monitor and register power consumption of individual households and businesses for over a century. Despite our shared dislike of paying the electric bill, if no one has complained enough to make it change, we must be getting a fair deal after all.
Sources:
• Brown, C.N. “Charging for electricity in the early years of electricity supply.” IEEE Proceedings. 132.8 (1985): 513-24.
• Dahle, David. “Dave.” Westinghouse Electric (& Mfg.) Co. (1886-1990). 2 Nov. 2009. (16 Feb. 2010). <http://watthourmeters.com/westinghouse/>.
• Dahle, David. A brief history of meter companies and meter evolution. 2 Nov. 2009. (16 Feb. 2010). <http://watthourmeters.com/history.html>.
• Parr, G. D. Aspinall. Electrical Engineering Measuring Instruments for Commercial and Laboratory Purposes. Blackie & Son: London, 1903. p. 284-8.
• Shallenberger, Oliver B. “Armature for Electric Meters.” Patent 426,335. 22 Apr. 1890.
• Shallenberger, Oliver B. “Meter for Alternating Electric Currents.” Patent 388,003. 14 Aug. 1888.
• Shallenberger, Oliver B. “Method of Measuring Alternating Electric Currents.” Patent 388,004. 14 Aug. 1888.
• Shallenberger’s Electric Meter. 7. New York, NY: Electrical Engineer, 1888. p. 382-4. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Path to Healing: A Comprehensive Guide to Therapeutic Oxygen Use
Therapeutic Oxygen Use
Key Takeaways:
• Therapeutic oxygen plays a vital role in aiding the body’s natural healing processes and improving overall well-being.
• Therapeutic oxygen is a concentrated form of oxygen used to support patients with respiratory conditions or those who require additional oxygen due to illness or injury.
• The benefits of therapeutic oxygen include improved oxygen saturation, enhanced healing, increased energy levels, reduced workload on the heart, and improved cognitive function.
• Therapeutic oxygen aids in healing by oxygenating tissues, reducing infection risk, reducing inflammation, and preventing hypoxia-related complications.
• Conditions that can benefit from therapeutic oxygen include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and allergies, and wound healing and tissue repair.
• Therapeutic oxygen can be administered through oxygen therapy devices, inhalation techniques, and oxygen concentrators or tanks.
• Integrating therapeutic oxygen into the healing journey involves consulting with healthcare professionals, creating a personalized oxygen therapy plan, and incorporating lifestyle changes for optimal healing.
The Importance of Therapeutic Oxygen
Therapeutic oxygen is a crucial element in medical treatment and healing. It plays a vital role in aiding the body’s natural healing processes and improving overall well-being. Understanding how therapeutic oxygen works and its benefits can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their healthcare.
1. Understanding Therapeutic Oxygen
Therapeutic oxygen, also known as medical oxygen, is a concentrated form of oxygen used to support patients with respiratory conditions or those who require additional oxygen due to illness or injury. It is commonly administered through different devices and inhalation techniques to deliver the necessary oxygen levels to the body.
Oxygen is an essential component for human life. Our bodies depend on oxygen to metabolize nutrients, produce energy, and maintain healthy cells. In situations where individuals are unable to obtain sufficient oxygen from the surrounding air, therapeutic oxygen supplementation becomes necessary to maintain proper bodily functions.
Therapeutic oxygen can be prescribed for both short-term and long-term use. It may be necessary for individuals with chronic conditions or those recovering from acute illnesses or surgeries. The appropriate administration of therapeutic oxygen can significantly impact the healing process and overall quality of life.
2. Benefits of Therapeutic Oxygen
The benefits of therapeutic oxygen are vast and varied. By ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the body, several positive effects can be observed:
1. Improved oxygen saturation: Therapeutic oxygen helps increase the oxygen saturation level in the blood, ensuring that vital organs and tissues receive the necessary oxygen to function optimally.
2. Enhanced healing: Oxygen plays a critical role in the healing process by promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Therapeutic oxygen aids in wound healing and helps to prevent infection.
3. Increased energy levels: Oxygen is necessary for energy production in the body. By supporting the oxygenation of cells, therapeutic oxygen can improve energy levels, reducing fatigue and enhancing overall well-being.
4. Reduced workload on the heart: In conditions where the heart is overworked due to respiratory difficulties, therapeutic oxygen can relieve strain on the heart by providing an external source of oxygen, thus improving cardiac function.
5. Improved cognitive function: Adequate oxygen levels are essential for proper brain function. Therapeutic oxygen can improve cognitive abilities, memory, and concentration, benefiting individuals with respiratory conditions or those recovering from brain injuries.
3. How Therapeutic Oxygen Aids in Healing
Therapeutic oxygen plays a key role in the body’s natural healing processes. Increased oxygen levels provide a supportive environment for cells, tissues, and organs to repair and regenerate. Here’s how therapeutic oxygen aids in healing:
1. Oxygenation of tissues: Oxygen is vital for the survival of body tissues. By ensuring a steady supply of oxygen, therapeutic oxygen facilitates tissue oxygenation. This is particularly important in wound healing, as oxygen supports the growth of new blood vessels and collagen synthesis, promoting faster healing.
2. Reduction of infection risk: Oxygen is known to have antimicrobial properties. Adequate oxygen levels help create an inhospitable environment for bacteria and other pathogens, reducing the risk of infection. This is crucial in wound healing, where the presence of oxygen helps prevent bacterial colonization and promotes a sterile healing environment.
3. Reduction of inflammation: Oxygen has anti-inflammatory effects on the body. By providing supplemental oxygen, therapeutic oxygen can help reduce inflammation and swelling, facilitating the healing process. This is particularly beneficial in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, where inflammation of the airways is a common feature.
4. Prevention of hypoxia-related complications: Hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen supply to body tissues, can lead to severe complications. Therapeutic oxygen helps maintain optimal oxygen levels, preventing hypoxia-related complications such as organ damage, impaired wound healing, and cognitive decline.
Conditions that Can Benefit from Therapeutic Oxygen
Therapeutic oxygen can provide immense relief and support for individuals facing various medical conditions. The following are some of the conditions that can benefit from therapeutic oxygen:
1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation. Individuals with COPD often experience shortness of breath and reduced lung function. Therapeutic oxygen can be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms and improve overall lung function. Oxygen supplementation ensures that individuals with COPD receive adequate oxygen levels, reducing breathlessness, and enhancing their ability to engage in daily activities.
2. Asthma and Allergies
Asthma and allergies can cause airway inflammation and narrowing, resulting in breathing difficulties. Therapeutic oxygen can be beneficial for individuals during asthma attacks or severe allergic reactions. It helps deliver oxygen directly to the lungs, bypassing potential obstructions in the airways and improving oxygenation. This can provide relief during acute episodes and support faster recovery.
3. Wound Healing and Tissue Repair
Therapeutic oxygen plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair processes. It promotes the formation of new blood vessels, supports collagen synthesis, and aids in the removal of dead tissue. Individuals with chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, or burn injuries can benefit from therapeutic oxygen, as it accelerates healing, reduces the risk of infection, and improves overall wound outcomes.
Methods of Administering Therapeutic Oxygen
Therapeutic oxygen can be administered through various methods, depending on the individual’s needs and condition. The following are common methods of administering therapeutic oxygen:
1. Oxygen Therapy Devices
Oxygen therapy devices, such as nasal cannulas, oxygen masks, and oxygen tents, are used to deliver therapeutic oxygen. Nasal cannulas are the most common method, consisting of a tube inserted into the nostrils, which allows for oxygen flow directly into the lungs. Oxygen masks and tents cover the nose and mouth, delivering higher concentrations of oxygen, and are often used in hospital settings or during sleep.
2. Inhalation Techniques
Inhalation techniques involve the use of inhalers, nebulizers, or specialized devices that deliver oxygen directly to the lungs. These techniques are commonly used in conditions such as asthma, where quick relief is required. Inhalation techniques ensure that therapeutic oxygen reaches the lower respiratory tract, providing maximum benefit.
3. Oxygen Concentrators vs. Oxygen Tanks
Therapeutic oxygen can be provided through oxygen concentrators or oxygen tanks. Oxygen concentrators are devices that extract oxygen from the surrounding air, concentrating it for therapeutic use. They are cost-effective, portable, and do not require frequent refills. Oxygen tanks, on the other hand, store oxygen in compressed form and need to be refilled or replaced. Oxygen tanks are often used in situations where portability is a concern or when a constant supply of oxygen is required.
Integrating Therapeutic Oxygen into Your Healing Journey
Integrating therapeutic oxygen into your healing journey requires collaboration with healthcare professionals and the development of a personalized oxygen therapy plan. Here’s how you can effectively incorporate therapeutic oxygen into your healing journey:
1. Consult with a Healthcare Professional
Before initiating therapeutic oxygen, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a pulmonologist or respiratory therapist. They will assess your condition, perform necessary tests, and determine the appropriate oxygen therapy requirements. Healthcare professionals will ensure that therapeutic oxygen is administered safely and effectively, taking into account your medical history, lifestyle, and specific needs.
2. Creating a Personalized Oxygen Therapy Plan
Based on the assessment by healthcare professionals, a personalized oxygen therapy plan will be developed. This plan will outline the recommended oxygen flow rate, duration of therapy, and the most suitable oxygen delivery method. It is important to follow the prescribed plan consistently to achieve optimal results. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare professionals will help monitor progress and make necessary adjustments to the therapy plan.
3. Incorporating Lifestyle Changes for Optimal Healing
In addition to oxygen therapy, lifestyle changes can further support healing and improve overall well-being. Some lifestyle changes that can complement therapeutic oxygen use include:
1. Exercise and physical activity: Incorporating regular exercise and physical activity can improve lung capacity, oxygen utilization, and overall fitness. Physical activity should be done within the recommended limits and under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
2. Healthy diet: Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can provide essential nutrients for healing. It is important to consult with a nutritionist or dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations.
3. Stress management techniques: Stress and anxiety can negatively impact healing processes. Incorporating stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can promote relaxation and support overall well-being.
4. Smoking cessation: Smoking is detrimental to lung health and can worsen respiratory conditions. Quitting smoking is essential to reduce further damage and optimize healing. Smoking cessation programs and support groups can provide resources and assistance in quitting smoking.
5. Environmental considerations: Ensuring a clean and oxygen-rich environment can enhance healing. Avoiding exposure to pollutants, allergens, and irritants can minimize respiratory distress and improve overall lung function.
Conclusion
Therapeutic oxygen is a powerful tool in promoting healing and improving the quality of life for individuals with respiratory conditions or those recovering from illness or injury. By understanding the importance and benefits of therapeutic oxygen, exploring its various applications, and integrating it into a comprehensive healing journey, individuals can optimize their recovery and regain control over their health. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance and support throughout the therapeutic oxygen journey.
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Sarah Williams
Sarah Williams is a CEO and Author of one of the Top Leading Website Sggreek.com. I fond to write on Tech, Lifestyle, Business, Entertainment, Health etc.
Eye Bags and Their Causes
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Braces Diet Guide
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What is Permissible to Eat with Braces? Navigating your diet while wearing braces can be challenging, but it’s essential for both comfort and dental health. This comprehensive guide will explore various food options suitable for individuals with braces, ensuring a balanced and braces-friendly diet. For personalized orthodontic advice and expert care, visit https://www.amazingsmilesorthodontist.com/. Which Foods […]
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Promote HHC Vape 2024
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How Can Digital Marketing Help Promote HHC Vape This 2024?
As the popularity of cannabis products continues to grow, the demand for HHC vape is on the rise. With its unique composition and psychoactive properties, HHC vape offers a new and exciting experience for cannabis enthusiasts. But to effectively promote this product in the coming years, it is necessary to utilize digital marketing strategies. From […]
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Hot vs Cold Treatment
Do I need a heat pack or an ice pack?
Cold therapy produces vasoconstriction. This means that the diameter of the blood vessels in the area become smaller, allowing less blood to flow to the target tissues. This slows circulation, which in turn reduces inflammation, reduces swelling, eases muscle spasm and decreases pain by slowing the nerve impulses to the injured area.
Superficial cold is available in many forms, including a variety of commercial cold packs, ice cubes, iced towels/compresses, a bag of frozen peas and forms of hydrotherapy. Cold or ice should never be applied directly to the skin. A barrier, such as a damp towel, should be placed between the cold agent and the skin’s surface to prevent skin and nerve damage. Punctured commercial cold packs should be immediately discarded, as the chemical agent/gel will burn skin.
You should use an ice pack for a maximum of 20 minutes. However, for those with thin skin over the age of 50, please use for a maximum of 10 to 12 minutes.
Ankle sprains and hand injuries will respond better to a bowl of cold water with ice cubes in for 10 to 20 minutes.
The ice pack can be re-applied every couple of hours initially, and then less frequently as the painful condition improves.
Professional chiropractic ice packs that mould to your skin when frozen are available from our shop. Please click here for details.
For chronic pain, that is pain that has been present for a few days, treat with a heat pack.
Heat therapy induces vasodilatation. This means that the diameter of the blood vessels in the area become bigger, allowing more blood to flow to the target tissues. Increased blood flow delivers needed oxygen and nutrients and removes cell wastes. The warmth decreases muscle spasm, relaxes tense muscles, relieves pain and can increase range of motion.
Superficial heat is available in many forms, including hot and moist compresses, heating pads, hydrotherapy and commercial chemical/gel packs. Hot packs in any form should always be wrapped in a towel to prevent burns. Punctured commercial hot packs should be immediately discarded, as the chemical agent/gel will burn skin.
Use a heat pack for no longer then 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Like above, the heat pack can be re-applied every couple of hours initially, and then less frequently as the painful condition improves. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Built-ins
Built-in types and functions are ones implicitly defined in every module.
Types
See Types.
Functions
size
It calculates a size of a list or a map. It is generic and you can apply it to any list and map types.
Its time complexity is O(n) for lists and O(1) for maps.
\(list [a]) number
\(map {a: b}) number
error
It creates an error with its source information.
\(s any) error
source
It extracts source information from an error.
\(e error) any
debug
It prints a debug message given as an argument.
Note that behavior of this function can change among system packages. You may not even see any messages with system packages whose systems do not have any consoles.
\(message string) none
go
It executes a function concurrently. Its return value is a future represented as a function that returns a result of the executed function.
\(\() a) \() a
race
It merges multiple lists into one by evaluating elements in the lists concurrently. Elements in each list are evaluated sequentially in order.
This function corresponds to the fan-in concurrency pattern in other languages where results of concurrent computation in multiple queues are merged into a queue.
\([[a]]) [a] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2014–15 Binghamton Bearcats women's basketball team
The 2014–15 Binghamton Bearcats women's basketball team will represent Binghamton University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bearcats were led by first year head coach Linda Cimino and play their home games at Binghamton University Events Center. They are members of the America East Conference. They finished the season 4-26, 2-14 in America East play in a tie for an eighth-place finish. They lost in the quarterfinals of the 2015 America East women's basketball tournament to Maine.
Media
All home games and conference road games will stream on either ESPN3 or AmericaEast.tv. Most road games will stream on the opponents website. All games will be broadcast on the radio on WNBF and streamed online.
Schedule
!colspan=12 style="background:#006B54; color:#FFFFFF;"| Exhibition
!colspan=12 style="background:#006B54; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season
!colspan=12 style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#006B54;"| 2015 America East tournament | WIKI |
Deep Eddy Pool
Deep Eddy Pool is a historic man-made swimming pool in Austin, Texas. Deep Eddy is the oldest swimming pool in Texas and features a bathhouse built during the Depression era by the Works Progress Administration. The pool began as a swimming hole in the Colorado River, became a resort in the 1920s, and is today a popular swimming pool operated by the City of Austin.
Private ownership
Deep Eddy began as a swimming hole located along the banks of the Colorado River which flows through Austin. It takes its name from an eddy that was formed by a large limestone outcropping which once jutted out into the river. In 1902, siblings Mary and Henry Johnson established the Deep Eddy Bathing Beach on the property (which was owned by their father). At that time the property was located outside of Austin, but was a short walk from the end of the city's electric trolley car line. Along with boating, camping, and fishing, amenities included a zip line, a dancing pavilion, and a horse-powered merry-go-round. In this era, before the advent of widespread public parks, the Deep Eddy Bathing Beach served as a "privately owned recreation area open to the public."
In 1915, the business and land were sold to A.J. Eilers and Partners. Eilers then hired contractors Max Brueggerman and William Maufrias to build a concrete pool which opened during the summer of 1916. George Rowley, a partner of Eilers and a former movie theater owner from San Antonio, was hired to manage the business; he and his family moved into the caretaker's house on the property. A wooden bathhouse was built, as well as nineteen wooden rental cottages which replaced the campsites on the hill overlooking the pool. Under Rowley's management, the Deep Eddy Bathing Beach was "as much carnival ground as swimming pool". A Ferris wheel was built, as well as a 70-foot slide that emptied into the pool. There were "springboards, a flying trapeze, flying rings, horizontal bars and a forty-foot diving tower." Free silent movies were shown on a movie screen that was installed in the park adjacent to the pool, and a variety of entertainers performed such as Fred Lowery, Marcia Burke the "World Champion Diving Baby", and Jack Freith "the Human Fish" who ate food while underwater. Perhaps the most popular performer was Lorena and Her Diving Horse. The act, which was performed regularly each evening, saw Lorena, astride her horse, dive off a specially built platform into a canvas-lined tank 30 to 50 feet below.
Public ownership
In May 1935, the City of Austin bought the property for $10,000. Less than a month after the purchase, a massive flood on the Colorado River destroyed the bathhouse and other improvements, and filled the pool with mud and debris. The Works Progress Administration and the city of Austin jointly funded the building of a new bathhouse, which was designed by Austin architects Dan Driscoll and Delmar Groos. The new bathhouse was a mixture of Moderne and Rustic architectural styles; a relatively simple, L-shaped, single story building of rough-hewn and locally quarried limestone. The "pagoda-like roof", consisting of three metal platforms of decreasing size topped with a twenty-foot spire, covered only the reception area at the intersection of the two wings where swimmers paid their entry fees. At the center of this area sat an octagonal wood and limestone ticket counter, and above it hung a "wagon wheel, ringed with lights, suspended by chains." The men's and women's dressing rooms were located on either side of the entryway and were open to the elements. Initial plans called for the entire structure to be roofed, but the roofs over the dressing areas were removed from the plans when the project went overbudget. Using less space, the new bathhouse could accommodate more bathers than the private dressing rooms or cabanas which it replaced, and this economy was "passed on to the public through lower usages fees." The pool and bathhouse opened as a public park in July 1936.
Over time, the city has put the property to a variety of uses. While the pool continues in operation, the city separated the western edge of the land as a park and playground named after A.J. Eilers. In 1962, the Austin Natural Science Center moved into the eastern portion of the bathhouse and significant alterations to the building were made. The patio on the southeastern side of the building was covered, and animal pens were installed along the outside of the eastern wall. Educational programs were hosted there, and exhibits on native Texas wildlife were on display. The western side of the bathhouse, however, remained dedicated to pool activities. After the Natural Science Center moved to Zilker Park in the 1980s, the building was used as office space until it was discovered that structural problems with the roof made it unsafe to occupy. Consequently, that portion of the bathhouse became a "forgotten city asset" until an effort to restore the bathhouse was spearheaded by the Friends of Deep Eddy group in 2002.
In 2003, for safety reasons, the city removed the 70-year-old, 50 ft cottonwoods that surrounded the pool. In 2012 the City of Austin rebuilt the pool due to stubborn leaks in the pool shell which had been patched repeatedly. Work crews poured a new bottom on both sides of the pool, and repaired small cracks and leaks. The pool's west end was smoothed and lengthened and a beach-type (zero-depth) entry was created. The project also included the widening of the pool deck, the addition of another pump outlet, as well as a new wrought iron fence and new lifeguard stands.
Deep Eddy Pool is listed as a historic landmark on the National Register of Historic Places and has been the inspiration of various works of art. Architectural design elements were replicated by Dan Driscoll in his design of the Barton Springs Pool Bathhouse in 1946, Texas musician Jimmie Dale Gilmore wrote the song "Deep Eddy Blues" about the pool and the nearby bar, the Deep Eddy Cabaret.
The pool today
Deep Eddy Pool is popular with adult recreational swimmers for its lap swimming pool and with children for its large wading pool. The 600,000-gallon freshwater pool is divided into two sections, the water in each section is cleaned out and replaced every other day. The pool is fed with clear, cold water from two wells, one at 300 ft and a second new one at 400 ft, and is not chlorinated. Water temperature varies between 68 and 75 °F (20 and 25 °C). The lap swimming pool is generally open during daylight hours all year, though hours are shortened during winter months. The lap and the wading pool are open from March 14 through October 31, 8:00am to 8:00pm. In summer months, the pool sponsors Splash Party Movie Nights, showing family films on an inflatable movie screen visible by swimmers and waders. The pool supports a number of sporting events, including the Deep Eddy Mile swimming competition.
Bathhouse restoration
Since the 1960s, two thirds of the original bathhouse had been closed to swimmers and put to various uses by the City of Austin. During this time, rather than enter through the original reception area, visitors entered around the side of the bathhouse and paid their fee at an exterior counter. From there they could use one of two dressing rooms which had been carved out of the original men's dressing room. Over time, the repurposed portions of the bathhouse, namely the original entryway and women's dressing room, fell into disrepair and were boarded up. In 2002, the Friends of Deep Eddy, a non-profit association of swimmers and other parks advocates, began a fundraising campaign to renovate the bathhouse to its historic condition. An initial inspection in the spring of 2003 found that the roof was near total collapse and the site was infested by vermin. First construction on the project began in 2005 when the Friends group replaced the dilapidated roof. At that point the group had raised $315,000 of the $1 million needed to restore the bathhouse, with most of the money coming from individual donors, proceeds from special events, and T-shirt sales. With work underway, the seriousness of the group's effort became apparent to institutional donors and the City of Austin. Funds for the project started to come in from the Houston Foundation, the Austin Community Foundation, the Moody Foundation, and the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation. The Austin City Council eventually committed $500,000 to the project.
Austin-based architects, Laurie Limbacher and Al Godfrey, were hired to perform the restoration work. Although their preservation plan restored the building to its original configuration, several alterations were made to improve conditions for swimmers and staff. A decorative metal gable was installed around the women's dressing room to enhance privacy while maintaining the roofless nature of the structure. A lounge for lifeguards and a manager's office were also added. A concrete-cooling system, which pumps cold water from the pool beneath the floor of the lobby, was installed to keep the room comfortable during the summertime without the use of air conditioning. Final construction and reopening of the bathhouse took place in June 2007. In the end, over 700 individuals and businesses contributed to the project. According to the Austin Chronicle, the Friends of Deep Eddy established "a model for future Austin public works." | WIKI |
United Gas Pipe Line Company v. Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division/Dissent Douglas
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE and Mr. Justice BLACK concur, dissenting.
This decision marks, I think, a retreat from our holding in United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Mobile Gas Service Corp., 350 U.S. 332, 76 S.Ct. 373, 100 L.Ed. 373. In every case the facts are, of course, different from those in the precedents. But here the difference does not seem to me to be fundamental. The contract rate in the Mobile case which was sought to be changed unilaterally was fixed in a service agreement. Here the contract rate which was changed unilaterally was in the seller's rate schedule on file with the Commission.
I thought the essence of our ruling in the Mobile case was in the words: 'the Natural Gas Act does not empower natural gas companies unilaterally to change their contracts.' 350 U.S. at page 344, 76 S.Ct. at page 380. That was emphasized over and again especially in the discussion of when unilateral and bilateral changes in rates were permissible:
'to establish ex parte, and change at will, the rates offered to prospective customers; or to fix by contract, and change only by mutual agreement, the rate agreed upon with a particular customer.' 350 U.S. at page 343, 76 S.Ct. at page 380.
Like the judges of the Court of Appeals, I thought that this meant that all § 4(d) rates had to be rates agreed upon by the parties to the contract. That is the reason, I thought, why Congress made the control of the Commission over such rates so slight. That the supervision is restricted is evidenced by two elements in § 4(e): first, the Commission can suspend those agreed-upon changes for no more than five months; second, no power of suspension whatsoever is given to rates 'for resale for industrial use only.'
But now we are told that the requirement of bilateral rate making is satisfied by the provision in the contract that the controlling rate is the 'effective' rate and an 'effective' rate is one which the selling company alone chooses to fix and file under § 4.
I find insuperable difficulties with that view. The contract does not say that the buyer will consent to any rate increase which the seller may file. It is an agreement to pay whatever may be the 'effective' rate; it is not an agreement to the establishment of that new rate. The construction of this tariff is a question of law (see Great Northern R. Co. v. Merchants' Elevator Co., 259 U.S. 285, 290, 42 S.Ct. 477, 66 L.Ed. 943) which we should resolve in light of the regulatory system that Congress has imposed on the industry.
The construction adopted by the Court has dire consequences. It makes a shambles of the Act so far as consumer interests are concerned; and they are the ones the Act was designed to protect. The ruling sacrifices these interests in the cause of those who exploit this field. Now the regulatory agency is left powerless to prevent a selling company, after the 30-day waiting period, from making consumers pay immediately whatever rate the company fixes. There is power in the Commission to suspend the new rate for five months; but in case of industrial rates even that limited power of suspension is absent. If the Commission should ultimately decide in a § 4(e) proceeding that the new rates are not just and reasonable, the victory for the consumers may be an illusory one, for administrative difficulties make it doubtful that they will receive the benefit of any refunds. And if the increases are in industrial rates, it appears that the Commission has no authority to require a refund of any unjustified increase collected before its order setting aside the increase. Even when the Commission catches up with the new high rate fixed by the selling company at its will and strikes it down, its action promises to have only a fleeting effect. The pipeline company can now in its unfettered discretion raise the rates again simply by filing a new rate; and if it is an industrial rate, it cannot even be suspended.
I would not construe the Act so as to produce such destructive consequences. I would allow the § 4 rates to embrace only the 'rates agreed upon' by the pipeline and the customer, as we stated in the Mobile case, applying § 5 to all other cases. I fear that our failure to do so turns the real regulation over to the pipeline companies. I cannot imagine that the Congress that passed this Act envisaged any such tragic result for consumers; and we are not driven to it by unambiguous terms of the Act. | WIKI |
How To Set A Network Connection As Metered In Windows 10?
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This tutorial details how to set a network connection as metered in Windows 10. As a powerful and modern OS focused towards productivity, Windows 10 supports all kinds of standard network connectivity options. This means that while using Windows 10, you can connect to the Internet via Wi-Fi, Ethernet or Mobile Broadband (for Windows 10 running devices having cellular capabilities). There’s also a lot of network activity going on in the background (automatic file synchronization, Live Tile updates etc.) when you’re using Windows 10.
While near constant network connectivity is required for optimum user experience, it can also cause you to incur massive overage charges from your Internet Service Provider. So, what can you do about it?
The answer is simple, you set your connection to metered, so that Windows 10 automatically takes care of the network activity for you. Wanna know more? Let’s find out how you can set a network connection as metered in Windows 10.
set as metered connection in windows 10
What Exactly Happens When You Set A Network Connection As Metered?
In the simplest of words, setting a network connection as metered tells Windows that you don’t have an unlimited data usage allowance. When this is done, the Operating System takes control over the way network is utilized for activities such as Windows updates, Live Tile updates, App downloads, and Automatic file synchronization. It can smartly pause/resume updates, limit file synchronization etc. to makes sure you don’t go over the network usage limit. Pretty cool, don’t you think?
How To Set A Network Connection As Metered In Windows 10?
Setting a network connection as metered in Windows 10 is pretty simple (Note: It’s important to know that Ethernet networks cannot be set as metered. This works only for Wi-Fi and mobile broadband connections). Here’s how to get started:
Step 1: Launch the modern style PC Settings app. From the left column, indicating major system tweaks, click on Network.
windows 10 pc settings
Step 2: From the network specific settings now displayed on the left pane, click on Manage. This will show up some more settings in the wider right column. Under the Wi-Fi section, click on the name of the Wireless network you want to set as metered.
select network to set as metered
Step 3: Once you do that, the selected Wi-Fi network’s properties, settings etc. will be displayed. Simply move to the Data usage section, and hit the toggle labeled Set as a metered connection to On. Check out the screenie below:
set as metered connection
And that’s it! Going forward, all of the system updates, live tile notifications etc. will be intelligently controlled by Windows 10, ensuring that you never go over your data usage allowance. Really handy if you ask me!
You Might Want To See: How To Set Custom Image As Lock Screen Background In Windows 10?
Conclusion
Being a modern OS, Windows 10 includes a whole lot of features and connectivity options. While it can perfectly function sans network connectivity, having a network connection makes it even better. However, constant network connectivity can also lead to overage charges. But as you know now, this can be easily prevented by setting a network connection as a metered one. So give it a shot, and let me know your thoughts in the comments section.
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Spiral classifier is widely used in beneficiation plant to match with ball mill to form a closed circuit circulation path to distribute ore sand. Filter the material powder milled in the mill, and then use the spiral piece to screw the coarse material into the ball mill inlet, and the filtered fine material is discharged from the overflow pipe.
The expansion includes the refurbishment of an iron ore mill that is scheduled to bring the processing capacity at Serra Leste to 10 million tonnes per year by early 2023. #3 Fortescue Operations
Product Model: Various specificiations for choice Production capacity: 2-40t/h Material: iron ore, ilmenite, chromite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, monazite, phosphorus B ore, tungsten ore, tin, tantalum, and niobium mine,etc. Spiral chute combines the characteristics of spiral separator, spiral chute, shaking table and centrifugal separator.It is the ideal equipment for mining and …
In all ore dressing and milling Operations, including flotation, cyanidation, gravity concentration, and amalgamation, the Working Principle is to crush and grind, often with rod mill or ball mill, the ore in order to liberate the …
Iron ore grinding is completed in the ball mill, so the Iron ore ball mill is the main place for ore materials. Just like other ball mills, the Iron ore ball mill is mainly composed by a feeding part, an exhaust end, a rotation, and transmission part(a reduction box, an electrical machine, an electronic control, and pinion drive gear) and other ...
Vertical spiral mill is a fine-grained grinding equipment, which is mainly used in iron ore, copper ore, molybdenum ore and some non-metallic ore industries. It is the main product to replace the traditional two-stage ball mill. NHI is one of the main suppliers of …
Spiral Classifier For Iron Ore Application ZFINAN . spiral classifier for iron ore application Spiral ClassifierforMineral Processing. In Mineral Processing, theSPIRAL Classifieron the other hand is rotated through theore. It doesnt lift out of theslurrybut is revolved through it.
Iron Ore Resources. Iron Ore Giving You Confidence. With an unparalleled depth of knowledge in fine minerals the world's largest producers rely on us as their 'go to' partner to beneficiate Iron Ore fines for new and existing …
Iron ore is the key raw material for steel production enterprises. Generally, iron ore with a grade of less than 50% needs to be processed before smelting and utilization. After crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, flotation, and gravity …
The hematite iron ore mining machine in Russia mainly contains the vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, ball mill, classifier, magnetic separator, flotation machine, spiral separator and drying machine. Besides, the beneficiation equipment production line also incorporates the vibrating feeder, vibrating screen, conveyor belt.
The gravity spiral circuit is designed to extract and concentrate "coarse gold' from the recirculating load in the mill grinding circuit and hence prevent a …
1. Introduction. Iron ore plays an important role in industrial raw materials worldwide. Nearly 97.5% of iron ore resources, including siderite, limonite, and oolitic hematite, etc. are typically low-grade iron ores and difficult to develop in China [].As the Chinese economy develops, the demands for steel products grow, and the refractory iron ore resources will be gradually …
The ball mill is the fine grinding machine connect the SAG or AG mill and flotation machine. Ball mills produce fine particles with a uniform size for flotation, its grinding medias commonly are steel ball. The ball mill rolls grinding media together with the ore, as the ore grinds, these balls initially 5-10 cm in diameter but gradually wear out.
spirals iron ore processing . what is a spiral in milling iron ore. iron ore DRA. through AG milling, magnetic separation, jigging, spirals, upcurrent classifiers . Get Price Iron ore crushing is actually the preparation process that are needed for decreasing the size of iron ores during all iron ore ...
Sep 23, 2019 · numerical simulation of particulate- flow in spiral separators - racospiral separator is a gravity concentration device. it was . ated growth in the use of spirals for iron ore beneficiation. . metal and exploration, littliton, usa, pp.advanced gravity concentrators for improving metallurgical .mechanics of separation of spiral ...
Our spiral separators for heavy minerals, including iron ore, chrome, mineral sands and other high-density minerals, separate particles in the size range 1.5 to 0.04 mm. We have 3-turn, 5-turn and 8-turn spirals with high-, medium- and low-gradient profiles. Our high-capacity spiral separator (the HX series) provides a per-start tonnage rating ...
Iron ore is any rock or mineral from which iron can economically be extracted. It comes in a variety of colors, including dark gray, bright yellow, deep purple, and rusty red. The iron comes in the form of iron oxides such as …
Iron ore is the key raw material for steel production enterprises. Generally, iron ore with a grade of less than 50% needs to be processed before smelting and …
When the iron ore is extracted from the mine, it must undergo several processing stages. Six steps to process iron ore. 1. Screening. We recommend that you begin by screening the iron ore to separate fine particles below the …
Spiral separators can therefore be used to take out the coarser iron oxide grains in the primary grinding circuit to save grinding energy and help achieve a higher iron recovery. Figure 9.14 presents a typical flow sheet for processing an oxidized ore containing about 30% Fe using a combination of spiral and SLon magnetite separators and ...
It is applicable for separation of granularity ranged from 4mm to 0.02mm metallic minerals such as iron, ilmenite, chromite, tungsten-tin ore, niobium-tantalum ore, gold placer, seashore monazite, rutile and zircon as well as other metallic and non-metallic
Iron ore, coke and lime are added to the top of a furnace. Hot air is blown in from the bottom. The furnace operates at a high temperature (around 1200°C). Iron ore reacts with carbon/coke to form iron metal and carbon dioxide. The iron is tapped off at the bottom of the furnace.
Iron mill synonyms, Iron mill pronunciation, Iron mill translation, English dictionary definition of Iron mill. pl.n. A building or establishment where iron is smelted or …
Oleg D. Neikov, in Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders, 2009 Tumbling Ball Mills. Tumbling ball mills or ball mills are most widely used in both wet and dry systems, in batch and continuous operations, and on a small and large scale.. Grinding elements in ball mills travel at different velocities. Therefore, collision force, direction and kinetic energy between two or more …
Iron ore is an important industrial source, is an iron oxide ore, a mineral aggregate containing iron elements or iron compounds that can be economically utilized, and there are many types of iron ore. Among them, the iron smelting products mainly include Magnetite, siderite, and hematite and so on. Iron exists in nature as a compound, and iron ore can be gradually selected after …
Iron ore pellets are spheres of typically 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) to be used as raw material for blast furnaces. They typically contain 67%-72% Fe and various additional material adjusting the chemical composition and the metallurgic properties of the pellets. Typically limestone, dolostone and olivine is added and Bentonite is used as binder.
separation of iron ores because of the high throughputs needed. SGS has a variety of spiral test rigs, including the spiral designs typically used in iron ore plants. Our accessory equipment allows sizing of feeds, multiple spiral stages, and recycling of products. Other gravity separation equipment, such as shaking tables, Falcon and | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Refutation of All Heresies/Book VIII/Part 1
Book VIII.
————————————
Contents.
following are the contents of the eighth book of the Refutation of all Heresies:—
What are the opinions of the Docetæ, and that they have formed the doctrines which they assert from natural philosophy.
How Monoïmus trifles, devoting his attention to poets, and geometricians, and arithmeticians.
How (the system of) Tatian has arisen from the opinions of Valentinus and Marcion, and how this heretic (from this source) has formed his own doctrines. Hermogenes, however, availed himself of the tenets of Socrates, not those of Christ.
How those err who contend for keeping Easter on the fourteenth day.
What the error is of the Phrygians, who suppose that Montanus, and Priscilla, and Maximilla, are prophets.
What the conceit is of the Encratites, and that their opinions have been formed not from the Holy Scriptures, but from themselves, and the Gymnosophists among the Indians. | WIKI |
Tutorial :What is a practical application of Java's compareTo method?
Question:
In the Java textbook I'm learning from, it says that this uses "lexicographic ordering" to return an integer. I understand how it works, but what is a specific way this is used in programming?
Solution:1
All of the built-in sorting methods use it when sorting non-primitives
Solution:2
Let's say you wanted to sort glasses of water, the objects themselves are called Glass.
Now let's say that a Glass can have a height and an amount of water that it holds.
Now let's say you wanted to compare two Glasses. How would you do it?
I'd do this by overriding the compareTo method. In that method I would say that if two glasses are of the same height and have the same amount of water in them, then they are equal. Obviously you'd want logic for greater than or less than, but you get the idea.
Solution:3
If you have a custom class that is going to end up in a collection that needs to be sorted, this is where you will put all of your custom logic determining what order the object will be in in relation to the object you're comparing to.
Solution:4
It can sort Strings, for example. It will return a value < 0, = 0, or > 0 depending on whether one String precedes another in alphabetical order.
Solution:5
compareTo() is the standard way to represent a default total ordering on non-primitive types in Java.
The advantage of returning an integer is that it only needs to be called once to distinguish the three cases <, == and >. (The alternative approach of for example using methods equals() and greaterThan() would need two calls.)
It can be used anywhere where a total ordering is needed. The most important are:
• For implementations of sorted collections like TreeSet and TreeMap (these use red black trees).
• For explicitly sorting collections.
• In other algorithms, e.g. ranges of user-defined number types like rationals.
Solution:6
compareTo compares values and returns an int which tells if the values compare less than, equal, or greater than.
If your class objects have a natural order, implement the Comparable interface and define this method. All Java classes that have a natural ordering implement this (String, Double, BigInteger, ...).
The compareTo method needs to satisfy the following conditions:
• x.compareTo(y) is the opposite sign of y.compareTo(x) if x & y are different
• If x.compareTo(y) > 0, and y.compareTo(z) > 0, then x.compareTo(z) > 0.
• Consistency with equals() is recommended.
References:
http://leepoint.net/notes-java/data/expressions/22compareobjects.html
http://www.javapractices.com/topic/TopicAction.do?Id=10
Solution:7
It's most common use is as a comparison function when sorting a list of strings. One call to compareTo tells you whether one string comes before another, after another, or is the same as another string.
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Mar 19
2015
Certain Studies Associated with Bio Identical Hormonal Therapy
CompHRT.jpg According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the scientists studied post menopausal women who had a history of heart attack or coronary artery disease. The women were prescribed estrogen in combination with other either bio identical progesterone or non-bio identical progestin. After the completion of ten days, the women were undergoing treadmill test. When the results were compared to the non-bio identical progestin group, the time taken to create myocardial ischemia on the exercise mill was improved in the bio-identical progesterone group.
The risk was that like blood clot by the use of the unnatural estrogen replacement therapy especially apart the oral intake. The risk is substantially reduced when bio identical medicines are consumed as a combination. Another research stated that the risk of blood clots in postmenopausal women taking the bio identical hormone healing Charlotte to the risks associated to the non-bio congruent ones. The ones utilizing the non-bio identical ones were found to have a startling 290% increased liability of having blood clots to the other group. The ones using the bio identical medicines were seen to have 30 percent decrease in the risk of blood clots.
One of the leading causes of ticker diseases is atherosclerosis. This is hardening of the arteries. Several studies have stated that non-bio identical progestin actually promotes the formation of atherosclerosis. The picture is quite incomparable for the bio-identical ones that really inhibit this condition.
There is an increased risk of uterine cancer with the use regarding non-bio identical estrogen. Various literatures have promote substantiated this result. In comparison, using from the topical humble authority estriol is not associated with the increased precariousness of uterine cancer. Other research yet stated that using the intravaginal estriol actually have lower risks. Reviewing 12 researches deceive proven that intravaginal estriol did not cause the endometrial proliferation. This is basically abnormal growth of the cells lining the uterus that has the potential of becoming cancerous. The authors of all the studies concluded the following: “single per diem cure with intravaginal estriol in the recommended doses in postmenopausal women is safe and without an increased precariousness of endometrial proliferation instead hyperplasia.”
However, other studies suggest that oral administration from estriol is safe for a short term. Topical study is best for long-term use. There are studies that have constitute that the increased risk of endometrial rare hyperplasia and endometrial cancer because of the efficacious of estriol, moreover nay with the topical application of estriol. Using the topical bio-identical progesterone cream further reduces the risks to the endometrium.
Most of the research based their thought on the usage of oral forms of estrogen as the sole route of administration. For enhanced safety measures, the topical estriol is a better choice. Several researches have shown that both the transdermal und so weiter transmucosal estrogen indeed has lesser risks than declamation ingestion. Physicians having experience more than 20 to 30 years suggests that this forms of estrogen is more telling for the women symptom. The reason is for the orally ingested drugs are assimilated in the liver before matter processed by other parts of the body. The women taking oral medicines have seen to have high levels of estrogen within 24 hours in their urine specimens.
There is evidence that suggests that estriol actually benefits to the cardiovascular system. Japanese researchers have found that a group of menopausal women who are given 2mg/day estriol had a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic venous pressure. The next study compared those with the use of oral estriol like 2mg/day for decagonal months in 20 menopausal women. The elderly women had decreased amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides and actual soar in the beneficial HDL.
Other than the basic relief of menopausal symptoms of women during bio identical hormone therapy Charlotte, they also provide some long-term benefits like restoring the youthful hormonal balance with the medications. For example, the estriol intake actually increases the bone density. With the medicine, investigation has found that the calcaneus mineral density increased in women. The next advantage is it enhances sexual connective urinary health. It has been found that menopausal women actually suffer from urinary incontinence and recurring urinary tract infection. This is caused by hormone deficiencies. Lastly, estriol promotes the growth of youthful skin. As we age, the skin shrivels, including blood circulation is decreased. The analgesic has potent anti-aging effects on the skin. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
blob: 39840983044b447d2be803a9c5ad8192a18661f1 [file] [log] [blame]
// libbtcore static library for target and host
// ========================================================
cc_library_static {
name: "libbtcore",
defaults: ["fluoride_defaults"],
local_include_dirs: ["include"],
include_dirs: ["system/bt"],
srcs: [
"src/device_class.cc",
"src/hal_util.cc",
"src/module.cc",
"src/osi_module.cc",
"src/property.cc",
"src/uuid.cc",
],
shared_libs: [
"liblog",
],
host_supported: true,
target: {
darwin: {
enabled: false,
},
linux: {
cflags: ["-D_GNU_SOURCE"],
},
},
}
// Note: It's good to get the tests compiled both for the host and the target so
// we get to test with both Bionic libc and glibc
// libbtcore unit tests for target and host
// ========================================================
cc_test {
name: "net_test_btcore",
test_suites: ["device-tests"],
defaults: ["fluoride_defaults"],
local_include_dirs: ["include"],
include_dirs: ["system/bt"],
srcs: [
"test/device_class_test.cc",
"test/property_test.cc",
"test/uuid_test.cc",
],
shared_libs: [
"liblog",
],
static_libs: [
"libbtcore",
"libosi-AllocationTestHarness",
"libosi",
],
host_supported: true,
target: {
darwin: {
enabled: false,
}
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Religion of Ancient Egypt.djvu/201
ends: "Horus has repeated this declaration four times, and all his enemies fall prostrate before him annihilated. Horus, the son of Isis, repeats it millions of times, and all his enemies fall annihilated. They are carried off to the place of execution in the East; their heads are cut off, their necks are broken, their thighs are severed, and delivered up to the great destroyer who dwells in Aati; they shall not come forth from the custody of Seb for ever."
The term maā-χeru is always added to the name of the faithful departed, and used to be translated "the justified." The sense of "véridique," truthful of speech, veracious, has been defended by some French scholars; but the real sense is "triumphant;" literally, "one whose word is law," not merely truth.
But, as I have said, it is not only to Osiris that the deceased is assimilated. In the forty-second chapter every limb is assimilated to a different deity: the hair to Nu, the face to Rā, the eyes to Hathor, the ears to Apuat, the nose to the god of Sechem, the lips to Anubis, the teeth to Selket, and so on, the catalogue ending with the words, "There is not a limb in him without a god, and Tehuti is a safeguard to all his members." Later on, it is said, "Not men, nor gods, nor the ghosts of | WIKI |
climax community
(redirected from Climatic Climax Community)
Also found in: Dictionary.
ecology
ecology, study of the relationships of organisms to their physical environment and to one another. The study of an individual organism or a single species is termed autecology; the study of groups of organisms is called synecology.
The Ecosystem
Within the biosphere—the total expanse of water, land, and atmosphere able to sustain life—the basic ecological unit is the ecosystem. An ecosystem may be as small as a tidal pool or a rotting log or as large as an ocean or a continent-spanning forest. Each ecosystem consists of a community of plants and animals in an environment that supplies them with raw materials for life, i.e., chemical elements and water. The ecosystem is delimited by the climate, altitude, water and soil characteristics, and other physical conditions of the environment.
The Food Web and Other Vital Cycles
The energy necessary for all life processes reaches the earth in the form of sunlight. By photosynthesis green plants convert the light energy into chemical energy, and carbon dioxide and water are transformed into sugar and stored in the plant. Herbivorous animals acquire some of the stored energy by eating the plants; those animals in turn serve as food for, and so pass the energy to, predatory animals. Such sequences, called food chains, overlap at many points, forming so-called food webs. For example, insects are food for reptiles, which are food for hawks. But hawks also feed directly on insects and on other birds that feed on insects, while some reptiles prey on birds. Since a severe loss of the original energy occurs with each transfer from species to species, the ecologist views the food (energy) structure as a pyramid: Each level supports a smaller number and mass of organisms. Thus in a year's time it would take millions of plants weighing tons to feed the several steer weighing a few tons that could support one or two people. The ecological conclusion is that if human beings would eat more plants and fewer animals, food resources would stretch much further. Once the energy for life is spent, it cannot be replenished except by the further exposure of green plants to sunlight.
The chemical materials extracted from the environment and elaborated into living tissue by plants and animals are continually recycled within the ecosystem by such processes as photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, and nitrification. These natural processes of withdrawing and returning materials are variously called the carbon cycle, the oxygen cycle, and the nitrogen cycle. Water is also cycled. Evaporation from lakes and oceans forms clouds; the clouds release rain that is taken up by the soil, absorbed by plants, and passed on to feeding animals—which also drink directly from pools and lakes that catch the rain. The water in plant and animal wastes and dead tissue then evaporates and can be recycled. Interference with these vital cycles by disturbance of the environment—for example, by pollution of the air and water—may disrupt the workings of the entire ecosystem. The cycles are facilitated when an ecosystem has a sufficient biological diversity of species to fill its so-called ecological niches, the different functional sites in the environment where organisms can act as producers of energy, consumers of energy, or decomposers of wastes. Such diversity tends to make a community stable and self-perpetuating.
Climax Communities
A climax community is one that has reached the stable stage. When extensive and well defined, the climax community is called a biome. Examples are tundra, grassland, desert, and the deciduous, coniferous, and tropical rain forests. Stability is attained through a process known as succession, whereby relatively simple communities are replaced by those more complex. Thus, on a lakefront, grass may invade a build-up of sand. Humus formed by the grass then gives root to oaks and pines and lesser vegetation, which displaces the grass and forms a further altered humus. That soil eventually nourishes maple and beech trees, which gradually crowd out the pines and oaks and form a climax community. In addition to trees, each successive community harbors many other life forms, with the greatest diversity populating the climax community.
Similar ecological zonings occur among marine flora and fauna, dependent on such environmental factors as bottom composition, availability of light, and degree of salinity. In other respects, the capture by aquatic plants of solar energy and inorganic materials, as well as their transfer through food chains and cycling by means of microorganisms, parallels those processes on land.
The early 20th-century belief that the climax community could endure indefinitely is now rejected because climatic stability cannot be assumed over long periods of time. In addition nonclimatic factors, such as soil limitation, can influence the rate of development. It is clear that stable climax communities in most areas can coexist with human pressures on the ecosystem, such as deforestation, grazing, and urbanization. Polyclimax theories stress that plant development does not follow predictable outlines and that the evolution of ecosystems is subject to many variables.
Bibliography
See E. P. Odum, Fundamentals of Ecology (3d ed. 1971); R. L. Smith, ed., The Ecology of Man: An Ecosystem Approach (1971); P. A. Colinvaux, Introduction to Ecology (1973); R. M. Darnell, Ecology and Man (1973); T. C. Emmel, An Introduction to Ecology and Population Biology (1973); D. B. Sutton and N. P. Harman, Ecology: Selected Concepts (1973); K. E. F. Watt, Principles of Environmental Science (1973); D. Worster, Nature's Economy (1977); R. Brewer, The Science of Ecology (1988).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia™ Copyright © 2022, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
climax community
[′klī‚maks kə‚myü·nə·dē]
(ecology)
The final stage in ecological succession in which a relatively constant environment is reached and species composition no longer changes in a directional fashion, but fluctuates about some mean, or average, community composition.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chabab SC Ghazieh
Chabab Sporting Club Ghazieh (نادي الشباب الرياضي الغازيه), known as Chabab Ghazieh or simply Ghazieh, is a football club based in Ghazieh, Lebanon, that competes in the. Founded in 1961, the club plays their home matches at the Kfarjoz Stadium.
History
On 11 April 2021, Chabab Ghazieh were relegated back to the Lebanese Second Division, finishing in 11th place in the 2020–21 Lebanese Premier League. They were crowned 2021–22 Lebanese Second Division champions, and were promoted back to the Premier League.
Club rivalries
Ghazieh plays the South derby with Tadamon Sour, based on their location.
Honours
* Lebanese Second Division
* Winners (2): 2013–14 (Group A), 2021–22
* Lebanese Third Division
* Winners (2): 1998–99, 2005–06
* Lebanese Challenge Cup (defunct)
* Runners-up (1): 2018 | WIKI |
User:Jamal baty
Jamal J. Baty was born on January 1st, 2002. He is a all-around rapper who has mention that "He can't wait to become famous." Jamal was born in East Lansing, Michigan to Deverell Bath and Lashonda Furgeson. He was the 2nd oldest out of 4 kidsAfter a tragic childhood, his parents got divorced and his father got married to Alana Baty. Jamal became the 3rd oldest child, after his brother, left the family in a situation Jamal called "The worst day of my life." Jamal went to Dicken Elementary until fourth grade, when he started going to Pattengill Elementary. Jamal made friends quick and played basketball at recess. Jamal said he was so bad "That they called me airball." After elementary school, Jamal went to Tappan Middle School, where he still is today. Jamal didn't have a lot of friends and his bars according to him, "were trash." In 7th grade, everyone saw Jamal's passion for rapping. He didn't give up and decided to get serious. During what is still his 8th grade year, Jamal got better than ever and rapped for a girl named Anusha Gupta, who Jamal has said he has liked for a long time. "She's so beautiful and I promised her we'd date someday." The future rap star said during an interview. He hopes to get a record deal someday and become famous. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2017 June 21
= June 21 =
Erin Hanson, Australian poet
I'm actually looking for a country music song, sung by a woman, that set the poem that contains the words "What if I fall? Oh but my darling, what if you fly?" to music. I found that these words were written by Erin Hanson, who is an Australian poet, and for whom we don't seem to have an article yet. It's not her I'm looking for, but this song. I remember hearing it about 10 years ago on the Terry Wogan programme on the BBC. Any ideas please? --TammyMoet (talk) 16:05, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
* I've had no luck finding this country song, but I think it must be much more recent than 10 years ago. The poem is called "Fly", and it appears in Hanson's The Poetic Underground 2: Voyage (2014), which consists of poems first published between January and November 2014 in her blog The Poetic Underground. It was set to music on an album called Zoax, released last year by a rock band of the same name, but that doesn't fit your description at all. --Antiquary (talk) 09:36, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
With some help I found a version online. It seems to have been written by Chely Wright, and the version I have is by Emma Mae Jacob. Thank you.--TammyMoet (talk) 12:30, 23 June 2017 (UTC) No it wasn't - it was by Tia Sillers and Mark Selby --TammyMoet (talk) 12:36, 23 June 2017 (UTC)
http://i1.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/facebook/000/252/833/46c.jpg
the what i think i do is from what movie? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:25, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
* I was going to immediately answer Tron Legacy, but the colouration is not quite right. Will keep looking; it's familiar to me. Matt Deres (talk) 16:38, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
* It looks like its from Hackers but more likely from just a stock image website. uhhlive (talk) 17:57, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
* I'm pretty sure it's from Hackers. Near the end, when they're hacking the Gibson, they keep cutting to shots that look like this. here is an example on YouTube. ApLundell (talk) 18:21, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
* By way of additional supporting evidence: I put a screenshot of that image into TinEye and asked for the oldest matches. They were from 2008 (I'm guessing that was when TinEye was started), which was before Tron: Legacy but after Hackers. Several of these early hits had filenames like "hackers.jpg", "hackers5.jpg", "hackers_small_1.jpg", etc. on the pages where TinEye found them, and one actually had the word Hachers [sic] superimposed on the image. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:41, 21 June 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
What is the Big Bang Theory?
Suzana General Article
The Big Bang Theory is the theory of the origin of the universe that has the most widespread acceptance in the international science community. It posits that the entire universe began with an explosion of concentrated energy. The term “big bang” was first used to describe the origin of the universe in 1949 by an English astronomer called Fred Hoyle during an interview on BBC radio.
Astronomers suggest that the Big Bang explosion set things in motion. Not only did it create the universe, but it launched it in a literal sense. In recent decades, astronomers have observed that galaxies appear to be in moving. This motion is not a random drifting, but they seem to be moving outwardly from a distant point of origin.
Therefore, the theory holds that the Big Bang was the explosion that birthed all of the galaxies within the universe and hurled them into space like debris shooting outward from a bomb blast in all directions. Astronomers have observed that galaxies appear to be continuously moving on the trajectory set in motion by the initial explosion.
Proponents of the Theory That the Universe is Expanding
Edwin Hubble, the astronomer that the famous telescope is named for, is credited as the foremost proponent of the Expanding Universe Theory. In fact, he observed that the universe was expanding as early as 1925, before the term “Big Bang” was ever used. Other important scientists have contributed to the theory. Albert Einstein attempted to view cosmology through his famous “General Theory of Relativity.” Through his calculations, Einstein was already theorizing that the universe was not motionless as early as 1917.
Today, the Big Bang Theory as the most plausible explanation for the origin and continued movement of the universe.
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Maryla Jonas
Maryla Jonas (born Maryla Jonasówna; May 31, 1911 – July 3, 1959), was a Polish-born classical pianist, who escaped Nazism to settle in Brazil and later the United States.
Jonas was born into a Jewish family in Warsaw, Poland, debuting her pianistic talent at the age of 8 or 9. In spite of Jonas's father's misgivings about a career in piano performance, Jonas studied with the Polish pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, as a fellow pupil of Witold Małcużyński and Halina Czerny-Stefańska, and made her debut with the Warsaw Philharmonic in 1920. Jonas's adult career started in 1926 with a tour of various European capitals starting in Germany. Her touring career proved successful and paved the way for a 13th-place finish in the second II International Chopin Piano Competition in 1932. Alexander Uninsky took first prize in the same competition. In 1933 Jonas won the Beethoven prize of Vienna and following her victory established a successful European-based performance career.
Jonas's success in establishing herself as a European touring pianist was overshadowed in 1939 by the German invasion of Poland. She refused the invitation of a Gestapo agent to move to Berlin and perform in a safer environment. As a result, Jonas was arrested and remained in custody for several weeks. A German officer who had once heard her perform in Germany took pity on her and had her released. The German officer advised Jonas to travel to Berlin and visit the Brazilian Embassy for aid. Jonas took the German officer's advice and traveled to Berlin on foot, walking several hundred miles short of food and without recourse to safe shelter. The long walk likely seriously damaged Jonas's health and may have resulted in her untimely death at the age of 48.
The embassy supplied Jonas with false records that made her out to be the wife of the ambassador's son. Jonas traveled from Berlin to Lisbon and finally settled in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil. In 1940, while residing in Brazil, Jonas suffered a nervous breakdown and lived several months in sanatoria. When it looked as though she was on the mend, she received the painful news that one of her brothers had been killed; this was followed by news that her husband and parents had also died. These painful losses made the prospects of her future as a pianist appear unlikely. Jonas's sister and Arthur Rubinstein, another famous Polish pianist, offered their support to Jonas and opened the possibility for her to return to performing and recording piano music. She resumed her career in New York City, making her debut at Carnegie Hall in February 1946. | WIKI |
0
hi...
typdef char * hello;
const hello ptr1,ptr2;
So, in this snippet, my question is that what is constant ? is ptr1 constant or the value to which ptr1 will "point to" will be constant ? and will u please give reason also?
my thinking: const hello means (const char * ptr1). means ptr1's value will be constant not ptr1 itself. in case, it is char * const ptr1, then ptr1 will be constant. but answer of above question I asked is that "ptr1 is constant". please make me correct in my approach.
thanks in advance. any help will be thanful.
Edited by I_m_rude
2
Contributors
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Replies
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4 Years
Discussion Span
Last Post by deceptikon
Featured Replies
• 1
Yes, you can do that. But the use of ull in the structure definition needs to specify a pointer: typedef struct node ull; struct node { int a; ull *p; }hello; > secondly, what is the difference between declaring a structure and defining a structure. From the C standard: A … Read More
• 1
This is a declaration: int add(int a, int b); It specifies that `add` is a function returning an integer that takes two integer parameters. This is the function signature which tells the compiler the "attributes" and "interpretation" of the symbol `add`. This is a definition: int add(int a, int b) … Read More
• 1
> Can you please tell what is difference between "null pointer", "NULL macro", null string, null character and null pointer constant ? I'm starting to wonder if you're actually a beginner to C or just seeding the forum with questions. ;) Anyway, a null pointer is the concept of a … Read More
• 1
> Doesn't compiler give the error if array limits are crossed ? It's undefined behavior, anything could happen. Read More
• 1
For the most part. For everything else there's google. Read More
0
This:
const hello ptr1, ptr2;
Is equivalent to this:
const char *ptr1, *ptr2;
And this:
const char *ptr1;
const char *ptr2;
And as we already know, it's the pointed to value that's const in these cases, not the pointer. To make the pointer const, and thus unable to point to any address other than the one originally assigned, but not the pointed to value, you'd do this:
char * const p = /* An initializing address */;
To make both const:
const char * const p = /* An initializing address */;
Confused yet? Do you hate C's declaration syntax yet? If not, don't worry...you will as soon as you start working with pointers to functions and pointers to arrays. ;)
0
Ya! i already know everything which you have told me. but you haven't answered my question. I think the answer in book is wrong. because in book, answer is that "ptr1 is constant!". is this wrong ? I have mentioned the same question from the book in first post. please check!
Edited by I_m_rude
-2
Nevermind, I'm wrong. The const applies to the whole of the typedef, so this:
const hello ptr1, ptr2;
Is equivalent to this:
char * const ptr1;
char * const ptr2;
Sorry for the misleading information, I'll blame it on rarely using constant pointers and never wrapping pointers in a typedef. ;)
0
please explain the reason also. I am not getting it.
0
please explain the reason also.
Um...because that's the way the designers wanted it? It makes sense for a qualifier on a typedef'd type to apply to the object of that type rather than some random part of that type. This is consistent with the behavior of const in the absence of typedef, and consistency is a good thing.
0
means typedef was of char* type in this case which make ptr1, a pointer to char. right ? and applying const to that make const the "object" which is ptr1 which in turn was pointer to char also. so ultimately, ptr1 is constant pointer to char. am i right ? (I know my explainations are damn tuff to understand :P)
0
hey. can you please tell that when i write
typdef struct node *hello;
struct node
{
int a,b;
hello a1,a2;
};
when compiler is reading typdef line, then struct node is not known to compiler, but why this statement is valid ? can u tell this thing ?
0
You can create a pointer to an incomplete type. In fact, that's precisely what happens with the node pointer member here:
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next; /* struct node is an incomplete type here */
};
0
is this case with pointer only or with some other types also ?
0
I mean is this case happens with pointers only or with other things also? i am not getting word to ask or to tell what this mean. i mean as this is the case with pointer . it is ok. is this case happen with other things also in C like any other data type or something. I hope i am making my clear.
0
@decptikon i can write
typedef struct node *ull;
struct node
{
int a;
ull p;
}hello;
i can write that typedef line before writing the structure as u said that we can make pointer to an incomplete type.
so, can i write
typedef struct node ull;
before the structure is defined ?
secondly, what is the difference between declaring a structure and defining a structure.
thanks. waiting for the reply.
Edited by I_m_rude
1
Yes, you can do that. But the use of ull in the structure definition needs to specify a pointer:
typedef struct node ull;
struct node
{
int a;
ull *p;
}hello;
secondly, what is the difference between declaring a structure and defining a structure.
From the C standard:
A declaration specifies the interpretation and attributes of a set of identifiers. A definition of an identifier is a declaration for that identifier that:
• for an object, causes storage to be reserved for that object;
• for a function, includes the function body;
• for an enumeration constant or typedef name, is the (only) declaration of the identifier.
So according to the C standard, this is a declaration:
struct node;
But so is this:
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next;
};
However, this is a definition of head and a declaration of the struct in one statement:
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next;
} head;
I prefer the C++ terminology that has struct node; as a declaration but listing out the members specifies a definition of the structure. That's simpler, in my opinion, and more consistent, than having both as declarations.
Votes + Comments
nice one!
0
Can you please give me examples of more declarations ? what do you mean by "attributes" and "interpretations" of identifiers ? So that I can clearly get declarations and defintion difference.
1
This is a declaration:
int add(int a, int b);
It specifies that add is a function returning an integer that takes two integer parameters. This is the function signature which tells the compiler the "attributes" and "interpretation" of the symbol add.
This is a definition:
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
Because a body is provided, the declaration becomes a definition, but it still also functions as a declaration.
Here's a summary of object declarations and definitions at either block or file scope:
int a; /* This is a (tentative) definition */
int b = 0; /* This is a definition */
extern int c; /* This is a declaration */
int main(void)
{
int d; /* This is a definition */
int e = 0; /* This is a definition */
extern int f; /* This is a declaration */
return 0;
}
Given your eye for detail I'll recommend that you don't concern yourself with tentative definitions for now (because I'm sure you'd ask about it otherwise), just follow the more sensible concept from C++ that it's a definition unless you specifically make it a declaration with the extern keyword.
0
hey. EXcellent. I got it now.
hey @deceptikon Can you please tell what is difference between "null pointer", "NULL macro", null string, null character and null pointer constant ?
thanks in advance.
1
Can you please tell what is difference between "null pointer", "NULL macro", null string, null character and null pointer constant ?
I'm starting to wonder if you're actually a beginner to C or just seeding the forum with questions. ;)
Anyway, a null pointer is the concept of a pointer that points to nothing in particular, but can be predictably tested. That's as opposed to an uninitialized pointer, which could potentially point to anything and thus can't reliably be checked for validity.
A null pointer constant is the concrete form of an initialization value for a null pointer. It's essentially any integer value that equates to 0, either cast or implicitly converted to pointer context.
The NULL macro is a symbolic constant representing a null pointer constant. In C you'll typically see one of these two definitions:
#define NULL ((void*)0)
or
#define NULL 0
In C++ the former is problematic in light of more stringent type system, so NULL is defined simply as 0. But because C allows an implicit conversion from void* to any other pointer type (except a function pointer), NULL can safely include a cast to void*. However, because many C compilers are also C++ compilers, defining NULL as 0 instead of ((void*)0) appears to more common.
Moving away from pointer context, the null character (sometimes referred to as NUL, though there's no standard macro for it) is a character with the value 0. The escape character is '\0', though you could technically use an integer 0 to the same effect:
char a[10];
a[0] = 0; /* Assign a null character */
All valid strings in C end with a null character, as you've probably already learned. A null string isn't standard or conventional terminology, but I'd wager that anytime you hear about it, it means an empty string. An empty string is where the first character is the null character. You can use empty quotes to create one without directly assigning a null character, because string literals always include a null character:
char a[10] = ""; /* Create an empty string */
One thing to note is that even though 0, NULL, and '\0' are generally the same thing (barring when NULL includes a cast, of course), it's poor practice to mix and match them. 0 should only be used in numeric context, NULL only in pointer context, and '\0' only in character/string context. This is for readability purposes, because using the appropriate form of zero will make your intentions more clear.
0
Do you really think i am seeding forum with questions ? don't you think what so ever question i have asked is a genuine question and should be asked by a beginner ? I am astonished when you said that line.
Edited by I_m_rude
0
Do you really think i am seeding forum with questions ?
I have my suspicions from many years answering beginner questions, but it's totally irrelevant. I'd answer your questions regardless, if only to make sure that there's at least one clueful response. Nothing is more damaging to beginners' progress than being mislead by another beginner. And while we don't discourage beginners from trying to help, it's beneficial to have experienced folks around to offer corrections when needed. ;)
I am astonished when you said that line.
It's not an insult. You strike me as unusually observant and thorough. You catch nuances that aren't commonly caught, and you ask questions in a way that have a hint of greater understanding.
0
ont thing, Doesn't compiler give the error if array limits are crossed ? array may be character , integer or whatever. On google.com, somewhere it is written that it will give, and some where that it will not give. what is exact answer ?
please tell.
1
Doesn't compiler give the error if array limits are crossed ?
It's undefined behavior, anything could happen.
0
sir, Is it your work experience that make you to tell each and every thing in fraction of seconds or how you tell all these things in a moment ?
This topic has been dead for over six months. Start a new discussion instead.
Have something to contribute to this discussion? Please be thoughtful, detailed and courteous, and be sure to adhere to our posting rules. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Do all cells in the body have 46 chromosomes?
In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females.
Are chromosomes present in every cell?
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What if a person has 47 chromosomes?
A trisomy is a chromosomal condition characterised by an additional chromosome. A person with a trisomy has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Down syndrome, Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome are the most common forms of trisomy.
How many genes are in a chromosome?
Chromosome 1 likely contains 2,000 to 2,100 genes that provide instructions for making proteins.
What happens if you have 45 chromosomes?
There are 2 types of Turner syndrome: monosomy X TS and mosaic TS. About half of all girls with Turner syndrome have a monosomy disorder. Monosomy means that a person is missing one chromosome in the pair. Instead of 46 chromosomes, the person has only 45 chromosomes.
Can an XY female get pregnant?
Males and most XY females cannot become pregnant because they don‘t have a uterus. The uterus is where the fetus develops, and pregnancy isn’t possible without it. In most cases, having a Y chromosome means having no uterus, so pregnancy isn’t possible.
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All about hereditary diseases | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:VCH Hertfordshire 1.djvu/171
INSECTS (continued) on poplars. Mr. Elliman knows of only one spot where the moth occurs in any abundance and that is Start- ups End reservoir, where a row of willows may be seen stripped every year by the larvae. Single specimens have occurred now and then at Wil- stone reservoir. This observer is of opinion that the sluggish habits of the perfect insect account for its being so restricted in its distribution. In the Haileybury School List the larvae are said to be common and Mr. Matthews finds them to be fairly so at Stevenage. At Cheshunt this is a scarce species Ocneria monacha, L. Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin and Knebworth (Durrant) ; Haileybury, two at 'light' (School List); Watford (Wigg) NOTODONTINA HYDRIOMENIDJE Trichopteryx viretata, Hb. Haileybury (Bowyer), ' palings,' School List Mysticoptera sexalisata, Hb. Sandridge (Griffith) ; Tring (Elliman) Lobophora halterata, Hufn. (hexapterata, Schiff.). Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hailey- bury (Bowyer), ' Roman road,' School List Chloroclystis coronata, Hb. St. Albans (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Durrant) ; East Barnet (Gillum) ; Hemel Hempstead (B. Piffard) ; Waltham Cross (Boyd) rectangulata, L. St. Albans (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Dur- rant) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; East Barnet (Gillum) ; Watford (Cutts, Cottam) ; Bushey Heath (Barraud) ; Oxhey (H. Rowland-Brown); Hemel Hempstead (B. Piffard) ; Tring (Elli- man) ; Cheshunt (Boyd) Common at 'light' and on palings. Mr. Barraud has taken one dark variety Gymnoscelis pumilata, Hb. Bushey Heath (Barraud) Mr. Barraud reports that in his locality this insect appears every year Tephroclystis venosata, F. St. Albans (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; Nascot Wood (Cutts) ; Hemel Hempstead (B. Pif- fard) ; Tring (Elliman) ; Stevenage (Matthews) ; Cheshunt (Boyd) It is stated in the Haileybury School List that this insect has been HYDRIOMENIDJE (continued) taken ' once at " light," ' but Mr. Stockley reports that it is now much commoner, several being caught an- nually. It is scarce round Cheshunt, not very common at Tring, and has been seen a few times on the railway embankment at Stevenage Tephroclystis campanulata, H.-S. Wood near Tring) Rev. H. Harpur Crewe (Entomologists' Annual, 1 866, p. 157) minutata, Gn. Watford (Spencer) absintheata, Cl. St. Albans (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Dur- rant) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; Ches- hunt (Boyd) At Haileybury the larvae are abun- dant on ragwort. This species is common round Cheshunt assimilata, Gn. Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Durrant) ; Cheshunt (Boyd) Common round Cheshunt albipunctata, Hw. Hitchin (Durrant); Brocket Hall, larvae (Griffith) ; Ches- hunt Marsh, ' sometimes common ' (Boyd) valerianata, Hb. Tring (Goodson) vulgata, Hw. St. Albans, Bricket Wood, Ashridge and Aldenham (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Dur- rant) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; East Barnet (Gillum) ; Bushey (Cutts) ; Oxhey (H. Rowland-Brown) ; Ches- hunt (Boyd) A common species, the most abundant of the genus oblongata, Thnb. (centaureata, F.). St. Albans (A. E. G.) ; Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Durrant) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; East Barnet (Gillum) ; Bushey (Cutts) ; Watford (Heaton, Wigg) ; Bushey Heath (Barraud) ; Oxhey (H. Rowland- Brown) ; Hemel Hempstead (B. Pif- fard) ; Tring (Elliman) ; Cheshunt (Boyd) Common at ' light ' and on palings subfulvata, Hw. St. Albans (A. E.G.); Sandridge (Griffith) ; Hitchin (Dur- rant) ; Haileybury (Bowyer) ; Wat- ford (Spencer) ; Bushey Heath (Barraud) ; Tring (Goodson) ; Ches- hunt (Boyd) Common at ' light ' and on palings satyrata, Hb. Watford (Wigg) ; near Drayton, ? Herts (Rev. H. Harpur Crewe) ; Cheshunt (Boyd) A scarce species pulchellata, Stph. Tring Park (Elli- man) ; Bushey Heath (Barraud) | WIKI |
Hexagonal Architecture
An implementation guide
Intro Chapter
Previous Chapter
Published on March 29, 2020 by Juan Manuel Garrido de Paz
When I wrote a conceptual article about Hexagonal Architecture, aka Ports and Adapters pattern, my intention was to show an implementation example as well. It’s been a long time, but it's never too late. So here it is, a pragmatic article for sharing my vision of how to implement an application structuring it according to Hexagonal Architecture pattern. As I always do, I try to be faithful to the original pattern and other material from its author, Dr. Alistair Cockburn
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. The Overall Idea
3. Chapters
4. Links
1.- INTRODUCTION
First of all, I think that it’s good to remember the main goal of Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters pattern):
Allow “users” (a human being, another application, a batch script, …) to drive the application “in isolation” from real world devices (databases, files, servers, other applications, …). In particular, test cases are also drivers of the application. Therefore, Hexagonal Architecture allows business logic to be tested in isolation.
This is important to be reminded, because as we will see later during the development process, the application will already be done when we run the test cases against the isolated hexagon and they pass, using “test doubles” for the real world devices that the hexagon depends on.
At that point the business logic will be done. What will be left is adding real adapters for the UI, database, etc. And from that moment on, those acceptance tests will become regression tests, so that we should pass them after every refactoring to prevent and detect business logic leaking from the hexagon.
Regarding the terminology for defining the different kinds of tests, I’ve used the term “acceptance” for the hexagon tests, i.e. the business logic, the application in isolation without the adapters. For other people, acceptance tests are end-to-end tests including adapters. Disqussing the right vocabulary falls out of the scope of this article. Regardless how you name it, what you have to know is which components are you testing.
The goal we’ve just seen is achieved by decoupling business logic from technology, so that we will have a modular structure, with the hexagon at the center, rounded by adapters attached to the hexagon ports. But decoupling isn’t the goal per se, it is just a mechanism to achieve the goal.
2.- THE OVERALL IDEA
In this article I want to show an implementation guide for describing the structure, the development process, and the startup of a hexagonal architecture application, using some kind of design techniques, mainly custom diagrams, and illustrating it with the development of an example application using Java 9.
However, my intention isn’t just to show the source code of an example in a particular programming language, but to also show the dependencies between the components of the architecture (who knows of whom), and how to configure those dependencies to build and run the whole system, since they are important things to know for a programmer who wants to implement a hexagonal application, regardless of the programming language they use.
Does this mean that the programming language we use for the implementation doesn’t matter? Not at all. It is important, in the sense that you will have to manage to implement the concepts and rules of the application architecture, the better your programming language mechanisms allow you.
When I read about some Java 9 features, they made me think of giving it a try. And I realized that it fits Hexagonal Architecture like a glove. Some reasons why I chose Java 9 are:
Along the implementation guide, there will be some points where several alternatives are available. For implementing the example application I choose one of them, but I will always try to explain the others, so that the reader can compare them and choose another one.
3.- CHAPTERS
Since this article would be very large, I will write and publish it (and the source code as well) in a series of chapters, one by one. We could say that it is going to be a living article, where feedback and opinion from readers are wellcome.
I’ve structured the implementation guide into the following chapters, and each one will be an article on its own. So if you are interested, stay tunned… I will enable these chapters incrementally, as I write and publish them:
1. Application design.
2. Project structure.
3. Development sequence.
4. Application startup.
Those are my intentions, but then life will decide whether or not I will be able to finish it all. I hope I will though, but who knows?… This is life, and live :)
Last, but not least, I would like to thank Alistair Cockburn for being always there, for always answering to my questions. Thank you very much Alistair.
https://jmgarridopaz.github.io/content/resources.html | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Best Advice on Products I’ve found
Important Things to Consider before Buying a High Power Resistor
Power resistors are important in the different usage of electrical applications. There are electronics that require high power resistors and there are also electronics that require low power resistors. Low power resistors only require a watt for it to operate. One watt or more is what is needed for you to operate high power resistors. High power resistors are needed for amplifiers, power conversion, heaters, dynamic breakers as well as power supplies. Before buying high power resistors as well as low power resistors, check on these requirements first.
With all these said, what really is a power resistor? A power resistor is an electrical component that is made out of two terminals. The electric current that these two terminals are able to produce is equal to the voltage that it generates. A resistor is what you call the current that passes through these terminals. The circuits that are given has a power flowing through them known as the voltage. The one that will be measured in Ohms is called resistance, which controls the flow of the current. There must be a control in how much current is allowed to flow in power resistors. Parts of an electronic device is able to function well as long as their is proper regulation of the flow of current.
Power resistors are composed of a lot of types which gives you a wide variety of options to choose from. One type of power resistor is the carbon resistor which is utilized by putting together a bar of carbon material to the lead. Nonetheless, carbon resistors are not one to relay on in dissolving more power and it is also unable to produce a lot of resistance tolerance. If you are planning to have the best kind of electronics application and you don’t know the type of power resistor that will work on it, the best option for you is to ask assistance from an expert in power resistor such as someone who works in a power resistors company. If your needs allow you to utilize a carbon resistor, then it will enable you to save a lot of money.
Although it might be best for you to consider a power resistor since they are made of metal films or oxides that can be able to offer you better tolerance. Wirewound resistor is the most common for this type of resistor which is comparable to other power resistors since it is capable of dissipating larger power levels. In addition to this, it is also capable to control temperature better and easier since these wirewound resistors. A wirewound resistor is the best power resistor that you could acquire if you are required to deliver precision with your electronic device. With this said, you can never question why the latest circuits are made out of wirewound resistors.
The 9 Most Unanswered Questions about Gear
Finding Ways To Keep Up With Products | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Scoring goals is an essential part of hockey. Throughout the history of the NHL, there have been many great goal scorers, including Wayne Gretzky, Gordie Howe, and Mario Lemieux. However, one often-overlooked aspect of scoring is the role of the defensemen. Defensemen are responsible for preventing the opposing team from scoring, but they can also be an offensive force, contributing goals and assists. In this article, we will explore the first NHL defenseman to score a goal, a player named Harry Cameron.
Early Life and Career:
Harry Cameron was born on February 6, 1890, in Pembroke, Ontario, Canada. He grew up playing hockey in his hometown and eventually made his way to the professional leagues. Cameron began his professional career with the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association (NHA) in 1910. He quickly established himself as a solid defenseman and was known for his physical play and strong defensive abilities.
Cameron's defensive skills did not go unnoticed, and he was eventually signed by the Toronto St. Patricks of the newly formed NHL in 1917. The NHL had just four teams at the time, and the St. Patricks were one of them. Cameron played for the St. Patricks for three seasons, from 1917 to 1920, and was one of the team's top players. He was known for his strong defense, but he also had a knack for scoring goals.
The First NHL Defenseman to Score a Goal:
On December 22, 1917, Harry Cameron made history when he became the first NHL defenseman to score a goal. The game was between the Toronto Arenas and the Montreal Canadiens, and it was only the second NHL game ever played. The game was played at the Montreal Arena, and there were around 700 fans in attendance.
Cameron's goal came in the second period of the game. The Arenas were on a power play, and Cameron was playing on the point. He received a pass from his teammate, Reg Noble, and fired a shot from the blue line. The shot sailed past the Montreal goaltender, Georges Vezina, and into the net.
The goal was a significant milestone for the NHL, as it was the first goal scored by a defenseman in the new league. It also helped the Arenas win the game, as they went on to beat the Canadiens 5-4.
After scoring the first NHL goal by a defenseman, Cameron continued to be a dominant force on the ice. He played for the St. Patricks for three seasons, during which time he scored a total of 22 goals and 10 assists. He was known for his strong defensive play, but he also contributed to the team's offense.
In 1920, Cameron was traded to the Ottawa Senators, where he played for four seasons. He was part of the Senators team that won the Stanley Cup in 1921, and he played a key role in their championship run. During his time with the Senators, Cameron continued to be a solid defenseman, scoring a total of 24 goals and 11 assists.
In 1924, Cameron was traded to the Boston Bruins, where he played for one season before retiring from professional hockey. Cameron's legacy as the first NHL defenseman to score a goal has been remembered throughout the years. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963, and his name is still recognized by fans of the game today.
Harry Cameron was a talented and skilled defenseman who made history when he scored the first NHL goal by a defenseman. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Zeid bin Ra'ad
Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad bin Zeid al-Hussein (زيد ابن رعد الحسين; born 26 January 1964) is a Jordanian former diplomat who is the Perry World House Professor of the Practice of Law and Human Rights at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the president and CEO of the International Peace Institute. He also served as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 2014 to 2018. He played a central role in the establishment of the International Criminal Court, and was elected the first president of the Assembly of State Parties of the International Criminal Court in September 2002. He also served as a political affairs officer in UNPROFOR in the former Yugoslavia from 1994 to 1996.
A career diplomat, he served as Jordan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2000 until 2007, when he was appointed as Jordan's Ambassador to the United States and non-resident Ambassador to Mexico. He was re-appointed Permanent Representative in 2010 and served until 2014, resigning shortly before his selection as High Commissioner. In 2019, Zeid was invited to join The Elders, an independent group of global leaders working for peace, justice and human rights founded by Nelson Mandela.
He is the son of Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid, Lord Chamberlain of Jordan, and Swedish-born Margaretha Inga Elisabeth Lind, subsequently known as Majda Raad. As the United Nations does not permit the use of royal or other titles by its officials in the context of their official work, he was known as Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein in his capacity as United Nations High Commissioner. He is the apparent first in line to the thrones of the defunct Kingdom of Iraq and Arab Kingdom of Syria according to the mainstream claim.
Education and early life
Zeid was born in Amman, Jordan. He was educated in England at Reed's School, Surrey, then in the United States at Johns Hopkins University, where he was a member of the university's rugby club and graduated with a B.A. in 1987. He was then a research student at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he gained a PhD in 1993. In 2016, he was made an Honorary Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge.
Zeid received a commission as an officer in the Jordanian desert police (the successor to the Arab Legion) in 1989 and saw service with it until 1994. He then spent two years as a political officer in UNPROFOR, the UN force in the former Yugoslavia.
Diplomatic career
Zeid served as Jordan's Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1996 to 2000. In August 2000 he was appointed Permanent Representative at the United Nations, serving until 2007. In 2006, he was nominated by Jordan as a candidate for selection as the next United Nations Secretary-General. From 2007 to 2010 he was Jordan's Ambassador to the United States of America, then in 2010 returned to the UN as Jordan's Permanent Representative.
In January 2014, Zeid became president of the United Nations Security Council and chaired the Security Council's 1533 and 1521 committees, with regard to two sanctions regimes: the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Liberia.
From 16 September 2010 to 7 March 2012, Zeid was the Chairman of the Country-Specific Configuration of the UN Peace Building Commission for Liberia. He also chaired the search committee for the selection of the second prosecutor of the International Criminal Court in 2011.
With reference to the International Criminal Court, and from 1996 to 2010, he was:
* President of the Assembly of State Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (2002–2005).
* Chairman of the informal negotiations on the 'elements' of the individual offenses falling under the crimes of: Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and War Crimes (1999–2000).
* Chairman of the Working Group on the Crime of Aggression at the Review Conference of the Rome Statute in Kampala (June 2010).
Whilst at the UN, he further chaired the Consultative Committee for the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) from 2004 to 2007, and, in 2004, was named Advisor to the Secretary-General on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping. During his two-year tenure, he issued a report on eliminating such abuse from all peacekeeping operations, which became known as the 'Zeid Report'.
He delivered the Grotius Lecture at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law in April 2008, entitled For Love of Country and International Criminal Law. He was also a member of the World Bank's Advisory Council for the World Development Report 2011 and the International Advisory Board of the Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation.
On 6 June 2014, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon proposed that Zeid replace Navi Pillay as the United Nations' human rights chief based in Geneva. The nomination, which was subsequently approved by the 193-nation U.N. General Assembly, made him the first Muslim to lead the UN Human Rights Office. Full texts of all his statements are available at the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. In that capacity he has stated: "There is no justification ever, for the degrading, the debasing or the exploitation of other human beings – on whatever basis: nationality, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, age or caste."
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
On 8 September 2014, in his maiden speech to the UN's 47-member Human Rights Council at the body's 27th session in Geneva, Zeid strongly criticized the so-called Islamic State group, saying it was trying to create a "house of blood". He called on the international community to combat the spread of the movement in Iraq and Syria, asking, "[Do] they believe they (ISIS) are acting courageously, barbarically slaughtering captives?" The massacres, beheadings, rape and torture "reveal only what a Takfiri (i.e. 'excommunicator' in Arabic) state would look like, should this movement actually try to govern in the future", he said. "It would be a harsh, mean-spirited house of blood, where no shade would be offered, nor shelter given to any non-Takfiri in their midst". In a speech at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Commissioner said that lessons from the Holocaust provide a key to understanding ISIS. He said: "If we have learned anything from our collective history, it is this: Scrambling only for ourselves, our people, our political or religious ideology, or for our own kind will only scramble it all — eventually, sometimes horrifyingly so — for everyone." According to press accounts, he said "The solution he proposed for avoiding atrocities such as the Holocaust was human rights education for every child in the world, beginning before the age of nine. 'In this way, from Catholic parochial schools to the most secular public institutions, and indeed Islamic madrassahs, children could learn — even in kindergarten — and experience the fundamental human rights values of equality, justice and respect.'"
The newly appointed Commissioner also focused on other troubled areas of the world, including Venezuela, Ukraine and Gaza. His press statements are available on the website of his former office.
He has reported to the Security Council on Iraq and other countries, and spoken of the need for greater moral courage to ensure equality and human rights for all: "Children need to learn what bigotry and chauvinism are, and the evil they can produce. They need to learn that blind obedience can be exploited by authority figures for wicked ends. They should also learn that they are not exceptional because of where they were born, how they look, what passport they carry, or the social class, caste or creed of their parents; they should learn that no-one is intrinsically superior to her or his fellow human beings ... Sadly, they must learn that the Zeppelin Field, the shadow of Buchenwald, the glint of the machete and the horror of life today in Syria, Iraq, South Sudan, Central African Republic and elsewhere – wherever we live, they are never that far away."
He said that the United States had an obligation under international law to prosecute all those responsible for CIA torture, from those who carried out interrogations to policy-makers and higher-ups who gave the orders.
On 17 April 2015, Zeid placed the field operations director at the OHCHR, Anders Kompass, under administrative leave after Kompass provided French authorities with an internal UN report detailing sexual abuse of children by French UN peacekeeping troops in the Central African Republic. The decision was reversed on 5 May 2015 after being found "prima facie unlawful" by the United Nations Dispute Tribunal.
On 27 April of that year, Zeid criticized a column in The Sun written by Katie Hopkins for using the term "cockroaches" to refer to migrants, describing it as akin to propaganda used by the Nazis and the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide against their victims.
In September 2015, Zeid criticized Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. His report implied that the Saudi-led military coalition may be guilty of war crimes. In October 2016, he said: "The Human Rights Council’s inability to take decisive action by setting up an international investigation is contributing to a climate of impunity, and violations continue to occur on a regular basis. Such outrageous attacks cannot be allowed to continue."
In August 2016, Zeid decried the post-coup purges in Turkey. Zeid said that while he opposed the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the wide-ranging purges showed a "thirst for revenge" that was alarming.
On 17 August 2016, Zeid expressed deep regret at the failure of UN Human Rights Office to gain access to Kashmir, despite allegations of state sponsorship of violence and the almost daily reports of violence in the region.
In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody, Zeid said in a statement that "The human rights movement in China and across the world has lost a principled champion who devoted his life to defending and promoting human rights, peacefully and consistently, and who was jailed for standing up for his beliefs."
In 2019, he was appointed Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), for services to the promotion and protection of human rights.
Also in 2019 Zeid was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Accusations of domestic policy intervention as HCHR
As Commissioner, the remit of Zeid's position includes the right to criticise those nations’ governments who are monitored and found to abuse human rights. Since these statements concern domestic policy issues of UN member-states, frequent arguments against criticism is that the censure of individual states are close to impinging on state sovereignty.
In June 2016, he opined on the United Kingdom's referendum vote on whether to leave the European Union, the so-called Brexit process. Zeid urged UK authorities to take care to prevent xenophobic attacks in the wake of the vote.
In September, the OHCHR was reported as having tweeted angrily against "free market fundamentalism", in the context of Zeid tirades against European and American "populists". Calling Nigel Farage and Donald Trump "demagogues", the Commissioner published attacks on the right-wing politicians in OHCHR's website.
On 12 September 2016, Zeid expressed concern over the presidential campaign of Donald Trump in the United States, whom he described as a "bigot", saying that: "If Donald Trump is elected on the basis of what he has said already ... I think it is without any doubt that he would be dangerous from an international point of view." Zeid said he was "not keen or intent on interfering in any political campaign within any particular country", adding the caveat that when an election could result in an increase in the use of torture (especially waterboarding) "or the focus on vulnerable communities in a way that suggests that they may well be deprived of their human rights, then I think it is incumbent to say so". These attacks on the candidacy of Trump prompted complaints from the Russian government to the UN, with Vitaly Churkin (Russia's Ambassador to the UN) saying: "Prince Zeid is overstepping his limits from time to time and we’re unhappy about it. He criticized a number of heads of state, government. He should stick to his file, which is important enough."
Zeid was condemned by Filipino President Rodrigo Duterte in December 2016 for suggesting an investigation into Duterte's own accounts of extrajudicial killings when he was still Mayor of Davao City and on the "shocking" deaths linked to the Philippine Drug War. Duterte spokesperson Harry Roque responded by saying "Perhaps, the UN High Commissioner's language is because of the fact that they do not have democracy in his home state of Jordan. Jordan's leader is not elected unlike our president.
By the time he ended his service as High Commissioner, one journalist reported that because Zeid was famously blunt and spared no one, his speeches and statements were eagerly awaited by the Geneva press corps. This endeared him to human rights activists worldwide.
Honours and awards
On 27 May 2020, Zeid Raad Al Hussein was invited to and gave special remarks at his alma mater Johns Hopkins University's 2020 Commencement ceremony. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker Alexis Ohanian; philanthropist and former New York City Mayor, Michael Bloomberg; Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel.
Personal life
HH Prince Zeid is the son of Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid, Lord Chamberlain of Jordan. His paternal grandmother was the Turkish painter Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid who was married to Prince Zeid bin Hussein.
Zeid was married on 5 July 2000 in Amman to Sarah Butler, known as Princess Sarah Zeid after her marriage, who was born in Houston, Texas, on 1 August 1972. She was educated at Prior's Field, Hurtwood House in Surrey, and has a BA in International Relations from the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas and an MSC in Development Studies from SOAS, University of London. She was then employed with the United Nations Organization in New York City, where she served in the development program, the peace-keeping department and UNICEF. She is the daughter of Dr Godfrey Butler, a British geologist and a consultant to international oil companies, and Jean H. Butler.
Zeid's younger brother, Mired bin Ra'ad, is the Chairman of the National Commission for Demining and Rehabilitation of Jordan, and Special Envoy of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, or Ottawa Treaty, which seeks to eliminate the use of landmines. | WIKI |
Elbette
Elbette (Of Course) is the third studio album by Turkish singer Candan Erçetin. It was released in 1999 by Topkapı Müzik. A pop and folk album, it was Erçetin's first studio album since the 1997 release of Çapkın. Mete Özgencil wrote eight of the album's songs on his own, and one of them together with Erçetin. This album marked the end of Özgencil and Erçetin's collaboration. Elbette was produced by Rıza Erekli and recorded at Erekli & Tunç Studio in Istanbul.
Elbette contains 13 main songs, in addition to a bonus version of "Söz Vermiştin". Like her first album, Erçetin used elements of Balkan music in this album. Her life events after the release of Çapkın helped with the creation of Elbette. Six of the songs are about her life, and the seven others are mainly concerned with the concept of love. The songs were developed around Erçetin's ideas and were included in the album according to Erçetin's wishes. Music critics gave positive reviews for the album and stated that the work was integrated with the singer's personality and could take the listeners to different areas. The album's first music video was made for the lead single "Elbette", followed by a second music video for the song "Unut Sevme".
After its release, Elbette topped Turkey's list of best-selling albums for two months, and by the end of 2000 sold 1,050,000 copies, becoming the best-selling album of the year. In December 2009, NTV's music judges chose the album as the Best Turkish Album of the 2000s.
Background and content
Candan Erçetin made her debut in 1995 with the album Hazırım, which included elements of Balkan music, and in 1997 her second studio album Çapkın was released. She worked with Mete Özgencil on both of these albums. In March 1998, Erçetin confirmed that she was planning on preparing a new studio album and said: "We are looking for a new sound by following where the music is going in the world, but the main line and theme will not change that much. In short, I will sing the songs that I love." On 11 August 1999, it was reported that the album would be released in autumn and that five of the songs had been prepared. Erçetin later stated that she was the most nervous and paranoid person during the preparation process. The new album was not released in early autumn 1999, and its release was postponed to a later date. Candan Erçetin's third studio album, Elbette, was released in November 1999 by Topkapı Müzik. The singer explained the album's content with these words: "I think it is a very intimate album. What I experienced after the release of Çapkın, helped me in forming Elbette. I want to evaluate its success in two ways. One is the spiritual angle, and what I hear from everyone about it really makes me happy and gives me the strength to go on. The financial angle is determined by commercial performance, and believe me, it is less interesting for me..."
The album was produced by Rıza Erekli and features elements of pop and folk music. All of the album's songs were chosen in accordance with Erçetin's wishes. Erçetin was planning on including two French songs in the album, but as they would not fit well with the track list, she decided to put the idea aside. The recordings were done at Erekli & Tunç Studio in Istanbul. Out of the album's 13 songs, six of them were about her life, and the seven others were concerned with the concept of love. Eight of the songs were solely written by Mete Özgencil, and the eighth song "Olmaz" was written by Özgencil together with Candan Erçetin. Erçetin composed the song "Merak Ediyorum" by getting insipration from the French song "Le Meteque", and participated in composing six of the album's songs in total. She also performed a new version of the song "Unut Sevme", which had originally been released in 1960 by Güzide Kasacı. The Greek Gypsy song "Adieu mon pays" was turned into Turkish and included in the album under the title "Söz Vermiştin". The song's acoustic version was included as a bonus at the end of the album's CD. The composition of the Albanian türkü "Şota", which Erçetin had performed in a number of her concerts, was used for the album's twelfth song "Dünya Durma". The thirteenth song "Annem" was written as a tribute Erçetin's mother Mevlüde Erçetin. Candan Erçetin included the dates at which the songs were made in the album's booklet: "Söz Vermiştin" in August 1998, "Olmaz" in September 1998, "Aklım Almıyor" in December 1998, "Arada Bir" and "Bana Güven" in January 1999, "Annem" in March 1999, "Dayan" in April 1999, "Elbette" in June 1999, "Saçma" and "İster Sallan Gez" in July 1999, and "Dünya Durma" in October 1999. "Merak Ediyorum" was prepared in two different time periods: in August 1998 its lyrics were written, and in February 1999 its composition was prepared. In the booklet, it is stated that "Unut Sevme" was first released in July 1961.
Elbette entered Turkey's list of best-selling albums on 15 January 2000 and initially ranked second. The next week, on 22 January 2000, it surpassed Ebru Gündeş's Dön Ne Olur (1999) and topped the chart. It continued to keep the first position until 25 March 2000, remaining in the top position for more than two months. Elbette on the list of best-selling albums:
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
* Elbette sold 850,000 copies in seven months, and by the end of 2000 it sold 1,050,000 copies in total. The album became Turkey's best-selling album of the year. Elbette also marked the end of collaboration between Mete Özgencil and Candan Erçetin, who had worked with each other since Hazırım (1995). The two did not work on any of Erçetin's subsequent albums together.
Critical reception
Elbette received positive reviews from music critics. Hürriyet's Lale Barçın İmer pointed out the "hidden power and nobility" inside the album and believed that the singer had continued to keep her main theme in this work. She also mentioned that Mete Özgencil's "magical words" had become entangled with Erçetin's voice, resulting in a good work. She liked 10 of the album's songs, all of which she initially viewed as "typical Candan Erçetin" pieces, but the songs filled her with different emotions when she went through them carefully. Milliyet's İpek Durkal found the work to be in the same line as Erçetin's previous album. He named "Merak Ediyorum" as his favorite song, and believed that the songs on this album had become integrated with Erçetin and her artistic personality. Zaman's Abdullah Kılıç included the album in his positive reviews for the end of the year, and stated that the album was able to take the listener to different areas, "from the Balkans, to Anatolia and sometimes in the borders of the Mediterranean". He believed that with this work, Erçetin would always remain in the memories. He also added that "Elbette", "Dünya Durma" and "Unut Sevme" were the most listened songs in Turkey in 2000. In December 2009, Elbette was chosen by NTV's music judges as the Best Turkish Album of the 2000s.
Music videos
In an interview in 1998, Erçetin expressed her opinions about music videos: "I want to turn the tables. The only way to introduce a song is not with a music video. The video should be the bonus of a loved and desired song. We've already experienced this example. 'Yalan' [her song] rose up through the radios, and climbed to the top of the chart. The video was then made at the request of fans." She also announced that she had no plans to make music videos for Elbette. As to why she released the album without an accompanying video she said: "To this day I used to release music videos as well, but with this album we decided to do the opposite thing. First the album came out, and now we wanted to see how loyal our listeners are to us. We wondered whether we have listeners or viewers, that is why we released the album without a music video." There were eventually two music videos released for the songs "Elbette" and "Unut Sevme". The music video for "Elbette" was directed by Bozkurt Bayer. "Unut Sevme" was released together with the prepared remix versions on a separate disc in October 2000.
Track listing
* Notes
* In the album's booklet, the composer of "Söz Vermiştin" has been marked as anonymous, but it was in fact composed by Enrico Macias.
Personnel
* Topkapı Müzik – production company
* Rıza Erekli – album producer
* Candan Erçetin – singer, songwriter, composer
* Mete Özgencil – songwriter, composer, art director, supervisor
* Alper Erinç – composer, arranger, guitar
* Kıvanç K. – arranger, mixing, composer, producer
* A. Baki Çallıoğlu – songwriter, composer
* Aylin Atalay – songwriter
* Sinan – songwriter
* Akın Ertübey – composer
* Erekli & Tunç Stüdyosu – recording, mixing
* Mediaworx DS. (Berlin) – mastering
* İlker Akman – arranger
* Tolga Tekin – arranger
* Bekir Sakarya – accordion
* Edvard Aris – accordion
* Nurhat Şensesli – bass guitar
* Zafer Dalgıç – cura, tanpura
* Balık Ayhan ve Grubu – cümbüş, violin, clarinet, zurna, bendir, goblet drum
* Deniz Selman – duduk
* Fuat Domaniç – arrangement
* Ali Koç – guitar
* Nevzat Doğansoy – guitar
* Mustafa Süder – violin
* Özcan Şenyaylar – violin
* Göksun Çavdar – clarinet, saxophone
* Tolga Görsev – melody guitar, tonmeister
* Serkan Kula – tonmeister
* Hamiyet Akpınar – make-up
* Tamer Değer – hair
* Sibel & Özgür Arcan – graphic design
Credits adapted from Elbette's album booklet. | WIKI |
Kasumin
Kasumin (カスミン) is a Japanese anime series produced from 2001 to 2003 by OLM, Inc. Kasumin tells the story of Kasumi Haruno (Misty Springfield), the protagonist, and the family she lives with, the Kasumis (Mistins) who are from a race of creatures called Henamon. The show first aired on NHK on October 13, 2001, and ended on October 1, 2003. An English dub of the first 26 episodes of the series renamed Mistin aired in 2001 in Singapore on Kids Central. The Vietnamese translation was also distributed in Vietnam by Phuong Nam Film since 2016-2018. | WIKI |
Adaptive equalizer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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An adaptive equalizer is an equalizer that automatically adapts to time-varying properties of the communication channel.[1] It is frequently used with coherent modulations such as phase shift keying, mitigating the effects of multipath propagation and Doppler spreading.
Adaptive equalizers are a subclass of adaptive filters. The central idea is altering the filter's coefficients to optimize a filter characteristic. For example, in case of linear discrete-time filters, the following equation can be used:[2]
where is the vector of the filter's coefficients, is the received signal covariance matrix and is the cross-correlation vector between the tap-input vector and the desired response. In practice, the last quantities are not known and, if necessary, must be estimated during the equalization procedure either explicitly or implicitly.
Many adaptation strategies exist. They include, e.g.:
• LMS Note that the receiver does not have access to the transmitted signal when it is not in training mode. If the probability that the equalizer makes a mistake is sufficiently small, the symbol decisions made by the equalizer may be substituted for .[3]
• SG
• RLS
The mean square error performance of LMS, SG and RLS in dependence of training symbols. Parameter denotes step size, and means forgetting factor.
The mean square error performance of LMS, SG and RLS in dependence of training symbols in case of changed during the training procedure channel. Signal power is 1 W, noise power is 0.01 W.
A well-known example is the decision feedback equalizer,[4][5] a filter that uses feedback of detected symbols in addition to conventional equalization of future symbols.[6] Some systems use predefined training sequences to provide reference points for the adaptation process.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ S. Haykin. (1996). Adaptive Filter Theory. (3rd edition). Prentice Hall.
2. ^ Haykin, Simon S. (2008). Adaptive filter theory. Pearson Education India. p. 118.
3. ^ Tutorial on the LMS algorithm
4. ^ Decision Feedback Equalizer
5. ^ Warwick, Colin (March 28, 2012). "For Decision Feedback Equalizers, Beauty is in the Eye". Signal Integrity. Agilent Technologies.
6. ^ Stevens, Ransom. "Equalization: The Correction and Analysis of Degraded Signals" (PDF). Keysight.com. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ApolloShield’s new system detects and sends unwanted drones home – TechCrunch
ApolloShield, which was originally incorporated as Airfence Inc., has launched an anti-drone system that detects drones flying where they’re not authorized or wanted, and forces them to fly home. The startup intends to sell its technology to owners or managers of venues that have intense security needs such as oil refineries, nuclear facilities, airports, prisons, stadiums or hotels and buildings where high-net worth individuals or public figures may reside. Co-founders Nimo Shkedy (CEO) and Gilad Beeri (CTO) explained that the ApolloShield system includes a unit installed on the ground that contains a radio and antennae. Each unit scans an area for drone communications. Stringing a few units together will let a user protect the entire perimeter of a venue of any size. Data coming in from the system connects through a cloud-based “command center” online that the user can review manually or handle automatically. The system detects not just whether or not there is a drone in the area, but what type of drone it is, and the unique ID of that drone. This allows users to tell potentially malicious drones apart from those welcome to fly. It also allows a user to choose to intercept a drone, or apply counter measures to it, not forcing it to land but commanding it to return home. Most drones have failsafe mechanisms to prevent them from running out of battery mid-air, so if a drone doesn’t have enough of a charge left to make it all the way home it should still land safely, the CEO explained. Shkedy said ApolloShield is akin to an “anti-virus for the sky.” The company is funded by Y Combinator and unnamed angel investors. It has raised about $500,000 in funding to-date. In the next year, the startup intends to improve its systems, especially to keep up with all the advancements in drone tech. The CEO said, “We intend to be the easiest, plug-and-play, no training necessary system available.” The startup faces competition from drone detection firms like DeDrone, and anti-drone tech providers including DroneShield, OpenWorks, or military anti-drone tech companies that could move into the consumer market like SRC Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Can MR imaging be used to predict tumor grade in soft-tissue sarcoma?
Fang Zhao, Shivani Ahlawat, Sahar J. Farahani, Kristy L. Weber, Elizabeth A. Montgomery, John A. Carrino, Laura M. Fayad
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
Purpose: To identify the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features that can be used to differentiate high-grade from low-grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. Patients with STS who had undergone MR imaging with T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast material-enhanced sequences prior to neoadjuvant therapy and surgery were included retrospectively. Tumor grade (grades 1-3) was recorded from the histologic specimen for each STS. Images were evaluated by two observers for tumor size and MR features (signal intensity, heterogeneity, margin, and perilesional characteristics) on images obtained with each sequence. Descriptive statistics for low-grade (grade 1) and high-grade (grades 2 and 3) STS were recorded, and the accuracy of individual features was determined. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify features that were independently predictive of a high-grade tumor. Results: Ninety-five patients (48 female [mean age, 55.8 years; age range, 7-96 years] and 47 male [mean age, 55.3 years; age range, 1-87 years]) with STS (16 patients with grade 1 STS, 34 patients with grade 2 STS, and 45 patients with grade 3 STS) were included. High-grade STS differed from low-grade STS in size (>5 cm, P = .004), tumor margin (partly or poorly defined margin on T1-weighted images, P = .002; with other sequences, P < .001), internal signal intensity composition (heterogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighted images, P = .009), and peritumoral characteristics (peritumoral high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, P = .025; peritumoral enhancement on contrastenhanced T1-weighted images, P < .001). The logistic regression model showed that peritumoral contrast enhancement is the strongest independent indicator of highgrade status (odds ratio, 13.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.9, 64.6). Conclusion: Among several MR imaging features that aid in the discrimination of high-grade from low-grade sarcomas, the presence of peritumoral contrast enhancement is a feature that may be solely used to diagnose high-grade STS.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)192-201
Number of pages10
JournalRadiology
Volume272
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2014
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Can MR imaging be used to predict tumor grade in soft-tissue sarcoma?'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
smyrna
SYNOPSIS
smyrna [ -v? ] [ file ]
DESCRIPTION
smyrna is a viewer for graphs in the DOT format. It is especially
designed to handle large graphs, and allows flat and topological fish-
eye views. It is assumed the input graph has position information
associated with all nodes. Using the Graphviz convention, a node's
position is given by its pos attribute consisting of 2 or 3 floating
point numbers separated by commas. Nodes are drawn as points and edges
as line segments.
If smyrna detects that the file contains xdot attributes, it will use
this information when drawing nodes and edges.
smyrna supports panning and zooming; node and edge selection; setting
and retrieving node and edge attributes, especially colors; and node
movement. The Smyrna Settings dialogue box available under the Edit
pull-down menu gives the user many choices for tailoring the graph
view. These include whether or not nodes/edges are drawn; what labels
are associated with nodes/edges; node size; transparency settings for
nodes/edges; parameters associated with the topological fisheye view.
For the purposes of exploratory data analysis, smyrna provides access
to the gvpr library. This allows the user to arbitrarily query, filter
or manipulate a graph. When filtering or manipulating a graph, the user
has the option of performing the changes directly on the input graph,
or to create a new version with the changes.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-v Verbose mode.
-? Print usage information.
By default, gc returns the number of nodes and edges.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
file Name of file containing a graph in DOT format. If no file op-
erand is specified, the user can employ the File pull-down menu
to select a file to be opened.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
1 If no No appropriate OpenGL-capable visual found, or if the default
attributes template graph file or the default attributes widget
graph file could not be read.
A text file specifying the mapping of concrete mouse and key-
board events with smyrna actions such as panning and selecting.
attr_widgets.dot
A file in DOT format specifying the bindings between GUI widgets
and smyrna parameters.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
SMYRNA_PATH
allows a user to override the built-in path to the directory
containing all of smyrna's files described above.
AUTHOR
Arif Bilgin <arif@research.att.com>
Emden R. Gansner <erg@research.att.com>
SEE ALSO
gvpr(1), dotty(1), libcgraph(3)
"Smyrna Tutorial and Reference Manual"
9 December 2009 GC(1)
Man Pages Copyright Respective Owners. Site Copyright (C) 1994 - 2017 Hurricane Electric. All Rights Reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A Biography of Oliver Hazard Perry
A Biography of Oliver Hazard Perry, by Dave Evans
Before we get into the biography of Oliver Hazard Perry. This author believes it would be prudent to introduce some causes of the War of 1812 and two related incidents of the Chesapeake. I believe this will give a fuller understanding of the actions of Perry at the Battle of Lake Erie.
England was at war with Napoleon, and in their judgment fighting the Devil himself. They felt they were in the right and were fighting for the freedom of all mankind. There should not, and could not, be any neutral countries. You were either on the English side or Napoleon's. The British owned the Seas and Napoleon and his armies ruled most of the European continent. During this great conflict, the British had declared a series of Orders-in-Council, which endeavored to keep any items that may aid Napoleon, from landing in Europe. Napoleon responded in kind with his Milan Decree of December 17, 1807. These orders were to be carried out by the search of ships on the seas and in port. American merchants were libel to be stopped and their ships subject to capture, by either British or Napoleon laws.
Along with this economic issue, was the more emotional problem concerning the impressment of American seaman into the British Navy. Although this is the time of Nelson, the lot of a British seaman was poor indeed. His life included extreme discipline, dangers, poor food, and long hours to name a few. The last thing an American mariner wanted was to find himself impressed into the British Navy, but the British with many empty berths on their ships, were forced to recruit men anyway they could. Besides weren't the Americans English? Once an Englishman always an Englishman. British naval ships would stop an American ship and apprehend a number of men and impress them into service aboard their own ships.
The first incident of the U.S. Navy frigate Chesapeake happened five years before the War of 1812. The Chesapeake, commanded by Commodore James Barron, left Hampton Roads, Virginia on June 22nd 1807. With her decks heaped with provisions, yet to be stowed, she was ten miles out to sea when she was hailed by the Leopard, a British ship of 50 guns. The Leopard reported to have a dispatch for Commodore Barron. When the ships were in range a Lieutenant of the Leopard was received aboard the Chesapeake and the dispatch given to Barron. The dispatch was an order to the captain of the Leopard to search the Chesapeake for deserters from the Royal Navy. When Commodore Barron refused, the Leopard fired upon the American ship killing or wounding twenty-one men. With all the provisions on deck the men of the Chesapeake could not find the powder or matches for their cannon, so not a shot could be fired in return. She was boarded and four American seaman were removed to the British ship. Of these four, only two lived to be returned to the Chesapeake in 1812.
The second incident of the Chesapeake happened after war was declared. The Chesapeake, now commanded by Captain James Lawrence, was at Boston harbor getting ready to sail to blockade the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Out at sea waiting for him was the Royal Navy ship the Shannon, commanded by Captain Philip Bowes Vere Broke. Captain Broke, being a very confident man, sent a letter to Captain Lawrence challenging an engagement against both ships. Lawrence never received the letter but when the Chesapeake sailed on June first, 1813 he made no attempt to avoid the Shannon. Out to sea at a distance of fifty yards the British ship opened fire, with the Chesapeake returning in kind. During this great duel captain Lawrence was mortally wounded by a musket ball through his body. His last command as he was carried below were the immortal words "Don't give up the ship, fight her until she sinks." His sailors followed his command and in this battle no American ever did haul down the flag. Lawrence was loaded aboard the Shannon where he died of his wound. Once war was declared on June 18, 1812, the American naval battle cry became, "Remember the Chesapeake"!
Oliver Hazard Perry was born on August 20, 1785 in South Kingston, Rhode Island. His father, Captain Christopher Raymond Perry (1761-1818), was a fighting Quaker. At the age of fourteen, Christopher Raymond Perry joined the American Navy during the Revolutionary War where he served with distinction. Five of the captain's sons became American Naval officers.
Young Perry went to sea at the age of thirteen as a midshipman on his fathers sloop-of-war the General Greene. The General Greene sailed to the Caribbean during the undeclared war with France where they proceeded to attack French shipping and support the Haitian revolutionaries. Afterward, Perry served aboard the frigate Adams blockading the Barbary port of Tripoli. After peace was declared he served aboard the Constellation and Constitution as an acting second lieutenant. In the Mediterranean at the age of nineteen, he received his first command, the schooner Nautilus. Returning home aboard the frigate Essex, as second lieutenant, he was promoted to permanent lieutenancy in April 1807.
Upon arrival in America, Perry accepted command of a gunboat flotilla enforcing Jefferson's embargo in Rhode Island. After the embargo, he assumed command of the 14-gun schooner Revenge and sailed with his younger brother, Midshipman Matthew Calbraith Perry. Later Matthew would become America's great diplomat to Japan. Perry, with his brother, sailed the eastern seaboard. In this voyage, Perry courageously fought a Spanish ship. The Spanish ship had earlier captured the American Vessel Diana. Perry brought the Diana home with a prize crew. Afterwards, Perry and the Revenge ran aground during a fog while surveying the New England coast. Perry fought to save the ship but she was soon abandoned. Perry immediately relieved himself from command, requested inactive status, and a board of inquiry to review his actions. The court found him blameless and complimented him for his struggle to save the ship. The Navy showing their faith in Perry, gave him command of the gunboat headquarters at Westerly, RI and Norwich Conn. After 18 months duty he was promoted to Master Commandant. Disliking the command of a desk, in September 1812 he sent a letter to Captain Isaac Chauncey requesting to serve under him and be employed so he could meet the enemies of his country. Chauncey was in command of the American fleet on Lakes Erie and Ontario. Delighted, Chauncey wrote back, "You are just the man I have been looking for,". Perry arrived upon Lake Erie, at Presque Isle bay, with another younger brother Alexander, age thirteen, and 150 seaman on March 27, 1813.
Already at Presque Isle bay, put to work by Captain Chauncey were Daniel Dobbins, a lake trader, and Noah Brown, the New York shipwright. Chauncey had commissioned them to build two fifty-foot brigs and four schooner rigged gunboats. In addition, near Niagara, at Black Rock, were five more vessels intended for the American fleet upon Lake Erie. These ships were under the command of Lieutenant Elliott. Perry's job was to complete all vessels and move the ones at Black Rock to Presque Bay.
Completing the ships at Presque Bay was a dilemma. There was plenty of timber available but there was not time to have it seasoned properly. In addition, armament, nails, and other equipment had to be hauled through miles of thick forest and spring mud, from Pittsburg. These included thirty-seven 32-pounder cannonades, from the Columbia Foundry, that was waiting for them there.
The British held control of Lake Erie and any movement of the ships at Black Rock would involve the towing by oxen of the ships up the swift current of the Niagara river. While this was being accomplished, the ships would be sitting ducks for the British cannons at Fort Erie on the opposite side of the river. The Americans raided York (Toronto), where the British burnt their 30 gun frigate Sir Isaac Brock to avoid its capture, and a month later attacked and captured Fort George. This forced the British to evacuate Fort Erie. With Fort Erie no longer, a danger, on May 27, Perry and his men pulled the Black Rock ships up the rapids of the Niagara River.
The ships from Black Rock reached Lake Erie on June 12. Here upon the Lake, there was the constant danger of discovery by the British ship under the command of Captain Robert Heriot Barclay. Barclay appeared off of Presque Isle on June 15 and continued to cruise between it and Black Rock in search of the Americans. Perry kept his ships as close as possible to the shore and passed Barclay unseen in the fog. The Black Rock fleet reached Presque Isle on June 18.
By July 10 the ships under construction at Presque Isle had been completed. Perry in receiving the news of the fate of the Chesapeake and the last command of its captain named one of the new brigs the Lawrence after Captain Lawrence. Perry also had a blue flag made with the words "Don't give up the ship" sewn on in white. Now that the American fleet was safely inside Presque Isle Bay the problem of manning, these ships needed to be resolved. Perry's superior, Chauncey, sent some of his own men to Perry. On July 26 Perry sent a letter to Chauncey stating that "The men that came by Mr. Champlin are a motley set, blacks, soldiers, and boys. I cannot think you saw them after they were selected."
Chauncey answered back with, "I regret you are not pleased with the men sent you; for, to my knowledge, a part of them are not surpassed by any seaman we have in the fleet; and I have yet to learn that the color of the skin, or the cut and trimmings of the coat, can affect a man's qualifications of usefulness.... As you have assured the secretary that you should conceive yourself equal or superior to the enemy, with a force in men so much less than I had deemed necessary, there will be a great deal expected from you by your country, and I trust they will not be disappointed in the high expectations formed of your gallantry and judgment. I will barely make an observation, which was impressed upon my mind by an old soldier; that is, Never despise your enemy." In the Navy, this is called a Dressing Down, and it was a good one. Remember that Perry is only 28 years old. After this, no more help could be expected from his superior. In fact, Perry wrote a letter of resignation that luckily for us Americans, was not received until after the Battle.
One of the reasons that Presque Isle Bay was chosen for the building of the American fleet, was a shallow sand bar that completely enclosed the mouth of the bay. This sand bar provided a natural protection from the British ships while they were under construction. Now that construction of the ships was complete, it became a curse. To get the American 500-ton brigs over the bar, all of its armament had to be removed and the ship lifted upon camels.
Camels, a Dutch invention, were large wooden floats coated with tar. These camels were filled with water until submerged and then attached to a ship. With the help of bellows, the water was then removed and air entered the camels. The greater buoyancy of the camels would lift the ship much higher out of the water.
Perry knew that any prolonged preparation for the movement of his ships over the bar would cause the information to reach Barclay. Barclay, naturally, would arrive with his British fleet at a very bad time. Knowing this, when Barclay's ships that were watching outside of the bay left on Friday the 30, Perry waited his chance and watched for good weather. It came early that Sunday. Perry let his men go into town as normal. Once the men were in town he called them back and they moved the vessels near the bar. The water depth over the bar was normally from five to seven feet, and eight tenths of a mile wide. For protection during the crossing of the bar, Perry set up three 12-pound long guns at the beach, not far from the bar, and sent the five smaller ships that could cross easily into the outer channel. With the five ships and the long guns on the beach, Perry would have some protection if the British fleet showed up. He also readied the Niagara's cannons for a fight. The Lawrence was then striped of any heavy items, including cannons, and readied with the camels.
Thoroughly prepared, the Lawrence started crossing the sand bar on Monday morning August 2. However, getting the 500-ton brig over the bar, did not go well. The water over the bar was only four feet. While everyone was helping pull and push the Lawrence over the bar, leaving the beach guns and the outer ships unmanned, Barclay's ships appeared over the horizon. The timing could not have been better for the British or worse for the Americans. All hands were at the unarmed Lawrence but Lady Luck was with Perry and when Barclay saw all the activity and the ships in the channel, he thought the Americans were ready for a fight. Barclay being outnumbered and his ship the Detroit not yet finished left the area. Before his Court Martial, held by the British after the Battle of Lake Erie, Barclays' explanation of this was "I blockaded as closely as I could, until I one morning saw the whole of the enemy's force over the bar, and in a most formidable state of preparation."
The "Lawrence" was in the channel over the bar by the morning of the third and the Niagara went much easier. In a letter dated August 4, 1813 9 pm. Perry wrote to the Naval department, "I have great pleasure in informing you that I have succeeded in getting over the bar the United States vessels, the Lawrence, Niagara, Caledonia, Ariel, Scorpion, Somers, Tigress and Porcupine. The enemy have been in sight all day."
On August 10th Perry on his flag ship Lawrence, along side his fleet sailed westward with a total of nine ships and an extra one hundred experienced seamen brought by his second in command, Jesse D. Elliott. With Elliott in command of the Niagara they arrived at Put-in-Bay. Put-in-Bay was a good place to watch for Barclay's British fleet.
Barclay was at Amherstburg inspecting his completed flagship the Detroit. Things were not going as well with the British, chiefly their supplies were running out. Barclay wrote, "So perfectly destitute of provisions was the port, that there was not a day's flour in store, and the crews of the squadron under my command were on half allowance of many things, and when that was done there was no more." Deciding to leave port with out the extra men that had been promised him, the British fleet upon Lake Erie, left Amherstburg on September 9th to face the Americans.
The Americans off Put-in-Bay first sighted the British fleet at 5 am on September 10. The wind was light and behind the British, blowing them toward the American fleet. The Americans tacking into the wind were getting no where. Perry's plan of action against Barclay was to close to within carronades range as quickly as possible. He knew that he had superior firepower only if he was within 260 yards of the enemy so he could reach them with his carronades.
Just before the battle Perry called all hands on deck and presented to them his blue pendent. He told his men the story of the Chesapeake, and the last words of her captain that were inscribed upon the blue flag. Perry asked, "Shall I hoist her men?" The unanimous reply was "Aye sir!"
The British had a large number of long guns that could fire accurately at much greater distance then Perry's carronades. Perry needed to be able to run with the wind to reach carronade range as quickly as possible. Here lady luck smiled upon Perry again. The wind, still very light, shifted completely and started blowing from behind the Americans. At 11:45 am the British opened up with their long guns at a distance of around a mile. As the wind brought the Americans closer, and into more accurate range of the British long guns, the wind died almost completely. This left Lawrence, Perry's flag ship, in a very dangerous position. The other American ships with their smaller and shorter sail area were far aback, not even in range of the British long guns. Moreover, the Lawrence's sister ship, Niagara, commanded by Elliott was still in position behind the Caledonia. In fact, the Niagara had a sail aback to keep the Niagara from over running the small brig ahead of her. The British ship the Queen Charlotte, was impatiently waiting for the Niagara to come into the battle. Finally reasoning that it would not, decided to join with the Detroit, sailed out of position, around the Hunter, and commenced firing upon the Lawrence.
Perry, on the Lawrence was taking an incredible amount of fire, from 17 long guns of the Detroit, 3 long guns of the Queen Charlotte and a number of guns from the smaller British ships. Not able to fire back except for her two long guns, the Lawrence had to with stand this fire until the wind could blow her closer to where she could hit the Detroit with her 32 lb. carronades. Weather it she did for half an hour.
By the time the Lawrence was within carronade range, she was almost uncontrollable. All her lines were shot away, rigging destroyed, and most of the officers and men wounded. At 12:15 with the Lawrence within pistol shot of the Detroit, Perry opened fire. Most of the shot bounced off the thick sides of the British ship. [Image] For two hours, the Lawrence fought the British almost completely alone. With the wind freshening, and hardly a gun on the Lawrence still on its mount or enough unwounded crew to fire back, Elliott and the Niagara finally came into the fray. When Perry noticed the Niagara he lowered his blue "Don't give up the ship" pendent, and with 5 crew men, left the Lawrence in a long boat for the Niagara. The British observing the lowering of the pendent and reasoning that the Lawrence was surrendering stopped firing upon her. Later noticing that the American flag was still flying and Perry in the long boat making for the Niagara, the men realized that there would be no surrender from the Americans yet. The British again opened fire upon the Lawrence and this time also upon Perry's long boat. Once the men watching from the battered Lawrence saw that Perry was aboard the Niagara and his pendent flying from the mast, they finally lowered the American Flag. Taking command of the Niagara Perry engaged a damaged enemy with a very fresh ship, the twin of his flagship, thereby winning the battle.
After the battle, on the back of an old letter, Perry wrote to General Harrison these famous words, " We have met the enemy and they are ours: two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop."
After the Battle of Lake Erie was over, Perry and his crew received prize money for all the British ships they captured. Perry was also promoted to permanent captaincy, and Congress awarded him a metal.
Although the Battle of Lake Erie was Oliver Hazard Perry's finest hour, his active life didn't stop there. In 1816, then in command of the ship Java he "dressed down" his captain of the Marines, John Heath, for an indolent response to an order he had given. Captain Heath still smarting from the dressing down requested an interview with Perry. During the interview, Heath did not show the correct respect to his commanding officer and in anger, Perry struck him. Both Perry and Heath were court-martialed, given a slap upon the wrist, and returned to duty. Heath could not let this incident go. He felt that he must reclaim his repute. In those days, a common way was upon the field of honor. After receiving notice of this Perry, realizing the necessity of facing Heath wrote to Commodore Stephen Decatur, asking him to act as his second in a duel with Heath. At noon on October 19, 1818, Commodore Perry accompanied by Decatur and Major James Hamilton, met Captain Heath and Lieutenant Desha. A matched pair of Navy pistols was divided between the two men. With the seconds standing vigil they stood back to back, whereupon they commenced walking with measured steps, all the while timed by the words of the seconds. At ten paces they turned and faced each other. Heath fired and missed. Perry did not return the fire but requested Decatur to read a letter that he had earlier written. In the letter, Perry stated his determination not to return Heath's fire for any reason. Hearing this Captain Heath acquiesced and declared his honor restored.
In 1819 Perry took command of the John Adams, and was sent to Venezuela. There he contracted yellow fever. Perry died at sea near Trinidad on August 23, 1819 where he was buried. He was just 34 years old. Later in 1826, his remains were moved to his hometown of Newport, RI.
The life of Oliver Hazard Perry was very fascinating to this author, not only because of the Battle of Lake Erie, but because of his incredible bravery under fire. What I did not report until now was during the long hours of the Battle of Lake Erie Perry walked the deck while he was under fire at all times. There are stories that state numerous times he was almost killed by one shot or the other. In fact a number of men, were mowed down by cannon fire in mid conversation with him. There were so many stories of this, that if I were one of his sailors, I would have thought it prudent to not stand anywhere near him. This tremendous bravery was also later shown when he stood and took Heath's shot at him in the field of honor.
In conclusion, Perry's conquest at the Battle of Lake Erie led directly to the fall of the British in the northwestern portion of North America. For after the battle, the Americans had undisputed control of Lake Erie, with the British trapped on the wrong side. Detroit and Michigan territory fell back into American hands. Furthermore, the British allegiance with the American Indian was exterminated, with the death of Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames. Remarkably, all this was entirely caused by the British defeat at Lake Erie.
- Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1805. Volumes one and two, by Captain A. T. Mahan, D.C.L. LL.D. Published October, 1905 The University Press Cambridge, USA
- Famous American Admirals, by Clark G. Reynolds. Published in 1978 by Van Nostran Reinhold company 135 West 50th Street, New York, NY 10020.
- War of 1812. by Harry L. Coles. Published in 1965 by The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637.
- The Book of American Fighting Ships, by Joseph Leeming. Publish in 1939 by Harper and Brothers Publishers, New York and London.
- The Age of Fighting Sail, the story of the Naval War of 1812, by C. S Forester. Published in 1956 by Doubleday and Company, Inc, Garden City, NY
- Great Sea Battles, by Oliver Warner. Published in 1968 by The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. New York
- Makers of Naval Tradition, by Carroll Storrs Alden, Ph.D. and Ralph Earle, D.Sc. Published by Ginn and Company, New York, in 1925.
- The Code Duello in America, by Jeannette Hussey. Publish by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1980.
- Oliver Hazard Perry, by Charles J. Dutton. Publish by Longmans, Green and Co. NY NY 1935.
- Oliver Hazard Perry and the War on The Lakes, By Olin L. Lyman. Publish by the New Amsterdam Book Company NY, NY 1905.
- Arming the Fleet: U. S Navy Ordnance in the Muzzle-Loading Era, by Spencer Tucker. Publish by the Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland. 1989.
For more information, email Dave Evans. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Edgar ANDERSON, et. al., Plaintiffs, v. TELEDYNE INDUSTRIES, INC. Teledyne Monarch Rubber Division and Teledyne Monarch Rubber Hourly Pension Plan, Defendants.
No. 5: 91 CV 0990.
United States District Court, N.D. Ohio, E.D.
July 2, 1992.
Paul Leslie Jackson, Roetzel & Andress, Akron, Ohio, Robert J. Tscholl, Roetzel & Andress, Canton, Ohio, John D. Morris, Alliance, Ohio, for plaintiffs.
Peter D. Post, Beth L. Silver, Reed, Smith, Shaw & McClay, Pittsburgh, Pa., Sheila M. Markley, James R. Blake, Day, Ketterer, Raley, Wright & Rybolt, Canton, Ohio, for defendants.
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSION OF LAW
SAM H. BELL, District Judge.
I. INTRODUCTION
The above-captioned matter was commenced by forty four plaintiffs approximately one year ago. The plaintiffs’ complaint alleges failure of defendants to pay special early retirement benefits, and raises claims of breach of contract under the Labor Management Relations Act, breach of fiduciary duty and sundry violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. The complaint seeks monetary damages as well as declaratory and injunctive relief. In short order, the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). On October 24, 1991, that motion was denied as to plaintiffs’ claim for monetary damages and granted as to plaintiffs’ claim to injunctive relief. (Docket # 20). All parties then moved for summary judgment. On the 11th of June, 1992, this court denied plaintiffs’ motion and granted the defendants' motion as it related to counts one, three and four of plaintiffs’ complaint. Count two, alleging wrongful denial of benefits actionable under § 502(a)(1)(B), 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B), constitutes the plaintiffs’ sole remaining claim. Accordingly, this cause came to trial before the bench on the 24th and 25th of June, 1992. The following findings of fact and conclusions of law, the product of that trial, are hereafter recited pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 52(a).
II. FINDINGS OF FACT
Both plaintiffs and defendants have stipulated to the following facts:
1. Teledyne Monarch Rubber is a division of Teledyne Industries, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Teledyne, Inc. Tele-dyne Monarch Rubber manufactured various rubber products at its plant in Hart-ville, Ohio.
2. The Teledyne Monarch Rubber Hourly Pension Plan (the “Plan”) is a pension benefit plan within the meaning of ERISA § 3(2), 29 U.S.C. § 1002(2) and a qualified plan within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code § 401(a).
3. Plaintiffs are former employees of Tel-edyne Monarch Rubber and participants in the Plan.
4. Plaintiffs were represented by the United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum and Plastic Workers of America International Union and its Local Union No. 99.
5. Teledyne Monarch Rubber is the plan sponsor of the Plan within the meaning of ERISA § 3(16)(B), 29 U.S.C. § 1002(16)(B).
6. Under the terms of the Plan, Teledyne Monarch Rubber has the right to amend or terminate the Plan (Section 7.5).
7. On January 30, 1991, Teledyne Monarch Rubber notified the Union and employees of its intention to sell the assets of its plants in and around Hartville, Ohio and to close the plants permanently.
8. The Unions and Teledyne Monarch Rubber bargained beginning in January 1991 until June 10, 1991 concerning the effects of the plant closing.
9. As a result of the plant closing negotiations, the Company agreed that any employee who was eligible for retirement pri- or to July 1, 1991, was eligible for medical benefits upon retirement without regard to his or her retirement date.
10. Eligibility for the Special Early Retirement Benefit under the Plan was governed by Section 4.5 of the Plan.
11. The Plant Closing Agreement was negotiated by Teledyne Monarch Rubber and URW Local 99 prior to June 15,1991 and it was ratified by the bargaining unit and signed by the Unions on August 26, 1991.
12. Paragraph 8 of the Plant Closing Agreement provides:
8. The Company and the Union agree that the Special Early Retirement Benefit shall be deleted from the Company pension plan as being unlawfully discriminatory.
13. Teledyne Monarch Rubber sold and/or closed its plants in and around Hartville, Ohio on June 16, 1991.
14. All the Plaintiffs were either 55 years of age or older or had 30 years of service at the time of the plant closing.
Plaintiff Service at Retirement Age at Retirement
Edgar Anderson 24 yrs 55
Keith Allen 31 yrs 9 mos 52
Lacy Berry 28 yrs 8 mos 56
Alonzo Berry 33 yrs 2 mos 55
Stephen Bilbrey 33 yrs 7 mos 55
John Biller 28 yrs 2 mos 56
Carl V. Buhite 19 yrs 57
Arnold Burley 26 yrs 6 mos 56
Thomas Butler 32 yrs 5 mos 51
Martin Carpenter 29 yrs 6 mos 59
Martha M. Drake 31 yrs 3 mos 59
Ben Dyer 22 yrs 10 mos 59
Earl Daniel Jones 28 yrs 9 mos 60
Charles Keen 25 yrs 8 mos 55
Paul D. Keener 36 yrs 3 mos 56
Robert Keener 17 yrs 10 mos 58
John Ketron 24 yrs 7 mos 57
Dale E. Kinsey 25 yrs 8 mos 62
Plaintiff Service at Retirement Age at Retirement
Jimmie Kiser 25 yrs 4 mos 56
Tyrus Logan 31 yrs 11 mos 51
Paul L. Marshall 33 yrs 3 mos 54
Forrest Phillips, Sr. 18 yrs 7 mos 58
Louis Pinazza 18 yrs 57
Mayford L Romine 34 yrs 4 mos 52
Jim Rose 28 yrs 7 mos 56
Betty Eller 31 yrs 61
Francis Fankhauser 19 yrs 10 mos 61
Robert Fausnight 13 yrs 2 mos 60
Wayne Fertig 31 yrs 9 mos 59
Edwin Fites, Jr. 30 yrs 6 mos 50
Carl Fleischer 32 yrs 5 mos 52
Donald Fulmer 34 yrs 10 mos 56
Jessie Garrison 28 yrs 8 mos 60
Donald Green 7 yrs 5 mos 64
John Griggy 36 yrs 5 mos 55
Junior Hawkins 32 yrs 6 mos 53
Eli Hostetler 17 yrs 10 mos 62
Everett Johnson 30 yrs 1 mo 55
Lenora Rusbarsky 18 yrs 2 mos 59
Joseph M. Schaeffer 35 yrs 7 mos 54
Doris Scott 28 yrs 7 mos 60
Richard C. Smith 34 yrs 8 mos 53
Frank Stegh 22 yrs 1 mo 60
Virginia Wilkinson 23 yrs 56
15. All Plaintiffs retired on or before June 1, 1991 under provisions other than Section 4.5.
16. Plaintiffs are currently receiving pension benefits from the Plan.
17. All of the Plaintiffs were successfully performing their jobs at the time when they retired.
18. The Teledyne Monarch Rubber Hourly Pension Plan is a separate plan from the Teledyne Continental Motors Pension Plan.
In addition to these stipulated facts, it is beneficial for this court to make additional findings to provide contour and context to the instant dispute. The plaintiffs herein, former Teledyne Monarch employees, seek benefits pursuant to a pension plan resulting from collective bargaining between Tel-edyne and the local union; to wit: The Teledyne Monarch Rubber Hourly Pension Plan, [hereinafter “the Plan”] Specifically, plaintiffs claim entitlement to “special early retirement benefits”, a benefit which would approximately double the amount of income they are entitled to from the plan until they reach age 65 or the date their unreduced Social Security retirement benefits begin. The Plan provides, in pertinent part, the following:
A Participant may be retired at the option of the Employer or under mutually satisfactory conditions as of the first day of any calendar month preceding his Normal Retirement Date. A participant shall be deemed to have been retired under mutually satisfactory conditions, for the purposes of this Section 4.5, only if the Employer has confirmed in writing its consent to his retirement.
(Plan § 4,5). From 1982-1985 Teledyne issued a so-called “Bluebook”, in fact a summary plan description (SPD), which characterized one’s entitlement to the “special early retirement benefits” in the following manner:
If you are retired under a Company initiated retirement, you are eligible to receive a special early retirement benefit.
(Defendants’ Exhibit G at 100).
After Teledyne announced its decision to cease its operation of the Hartville facilities in January of 1991, there were two immediate results. First, employees immediately began to contemplate their future finances. Second, the company and the union began to negotiate a plant closing agreement. During the negotiations, the company intimated that it believed retired employees were not entitled to health insurance and other benefits after the expiration of the collective bargaining agreement. As noted above, this stance eventually changed. In light of the company’s position, the union posted the following notice at the Hartville location:
NOTICE
DUE TO THE MANY QUESTIONS THAT ARE BEING ASKED ABOUT RETIREMENT, WE HAVE TALKED TO URW GENERAL COUNSEL CHARLES ARMSTRONG AND PENSION AND INSURANCE DIRECTOR BOB LONG. UNDER OUR PRESENT AGREEMENT THOSE WHO ARE ELIGIBLE TO RETIRE BEFORE JUNE 15, 1991:
1. FIFTY FIVE (55) YEARS OLD AND TEN (10) YEARS SERVICE.
2. THIRTY (30) YEARS SERVICE.
3. SIXTY FIVE (65) YEARS OLD AND FIVE (5) YEARS SERVICE.
4.
THESE UNION MEMBERS PLEASE BE ADVISED TO RETIRE PRIOR TO JUNE 1, 1991. (DO NOT WORK IN JUNE. RETIRE EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 1991).
TELEDYNE MONARCH DOES NOT AGREE WITH THIS.
THE COMPANY HAS AGREED EMPLOYEES WHO LEAVE AFTER APRIL 1, 1991 ARE ENTITLED TO EVERYTHING GAINED IN EFFECTS BARGAINING.
FRATERNALLY YOURS,
DARIS G. BOGGS
PRESIDENT URW LOCAL # 99
POSTED MARCH 6, 1991
(Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 5) (emphasis in original) Disturbed by this and another similar posting, the company, at collective bargaining, told the union that it intended to issue the following posting to clarify the state of actual negotiations:
March 15, 1991
NOTICE
TO: ALL HOURLY EMPLOYEES
Representatives of TMR and the URW are currently engaged in collective bargaining regarding the effects on the employees of the Company’s decision to close and sell the facility. Effects bargaining is similar to normal contract negotiations: Both sides are required to bargain in good faith, but neither side is required to agree to demands of the other. Such negotiations, which may take several months, hopefully conclude with a plant closing agreement reflecting reasonable compromise by the parties.
The negotiations are in an early stage. Agreements at individual bargaining sessions are tentative and are subject to final settlement on the overall plant closing agreement. Thus, the Company was disturbed by the tone and content of the Union’s recent notice suggesting final agreement on some issues and rejection of others. Please be advised the Union’s notice set forth proposals by the Union made during bargaining, not matters to which the parties have mutually agreed. For example, the Company’s position is that active employees as of April 1, 1991 who are subsequently terminated by the Company will receive benefits under the plant closing agreement. This does not include employees who retire prior to the actual date of closing or those employees who continue work with the purchaser. Moreover, the issue of insurance continuation could be modified, and there is presently no agreement about retiree insurance or other possible benefits.
The company will continue to bargain toward a comprehensive plant closing agreement addressing the concerns of the employees, the Company and the Union. We expect positions of the parties will change during the give and take of negotiations. It will be the plant closing agreement ultimately negotiated by the parties which will govern the benefits it provides, not piecemeal notices by the Union reflecting its bargaining proposals and inaccurate portrayal of the Company’s responses.
Sincerely,
TELEDYNE MONARCH RUBBER
Ken D. Smith
Executive Vice President
(Defendants’ Exhibit FFF) (emphasis added). As a result, the union posted the following notice:
March 15, 1991
TO: ALL HOURLY EMPLOYEES
REPRESENTATIVES OF TMR AND THE LOCAL #99 ARE CURRENTLY ENGAGED IN COLLECTIVE BARGAINING REGARDING THE EFFECTS ON THE EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY’S DECISION TO CLOSE OR SELL THE FACILITY. EFFECTS BARGAINING IS SIMILAR TO NORMAL CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS. BOTH SIDES ARE REQUIRED TO BARGAIN IN GOOD FAITH. BUT NEITHER SIDE IS REQUIRED TO AGREE TO DEMANDS OF THE OTHER.
THE NEGOTIATIONS ARE IN AN EARLY STAGE. AGREEMENTS AT INDIVIDUAL BARGAINING SESSIONS ARE TENTATIVE AND ARE SUBJECT TO FINAL SETTLEMENT ON THE OVERALL PLANT CLOSING AGREEMENT.
THERE IS A MISUNDERSTANDING BETWEEN TMR AND LOCAL # 99 NEGOTIATIONS COMMITTEE AS TO THE AGREEMENT ON EMPLOYEES WHO QUIT OR RETIRE AFTER APRIL 1, 1991.
THE DISAGREEMENT IS THE LANGUAGE USED IN THE MARCH 12, 1991 POSTING.
DARIS G. BOGGS
PRESIDENT URW LOCAL # 99
(Defendants’ Exhibit EEE) (emphasis added).
Under these circumstances, the plaintiffs requested meetings with Kathy Hartong, Assistant Human Resources Manager (pension claims processor), to apply for pension benefits. At these meetings, Ms. Hartong went over the paperwork required to apply for retirement benefits. Plaintiffs asked whether they needed to retire prior to May 31, 1991 in order to receive retiree health insurance and other benefits disputed at the plant closing collective bargaining sessions. Ms. Hartong suggested that this might be a proper course to take in light of the uncertainty over the ultimate outcome of the plant closing negotiations. Plaintiffs, as stated above, all retired prior to June 1, 1991 under Plan provisions other than § 4.5, although they could have retired at any subsequent time. Some plaintiffs requested special early retirement benefits, in apparent belief that they were entitled to them under the terms of the plan and the 1985 summary plan description.
In April 1991, Teledyne issued a new summary plan description (SPD) which deleted mention of special early retirement benefits. (See Defendants’ Exhibit H) At negotiations, the union objected to this deletion absent bargaining. The Company’s representatives told the union that the benefit had been deleted from the summary plan description because it was a discretionary benefit which had been administratively deleted by the Plan Committee in the late 1980s pursuant to new Treasury Regulations, issued in late 1988, governing discretionary benefits. The union, after researching the plaintiffs’ entitlement to the benefit, agreed that the benefit was discretionary. In fact, Carolyn Wonders, Assistant General Counsel to the International Rubber Workers wrote the following to the local president of the union:
RE: SPECIAL EARLY RETIREMENT BENEFIT
Dear President Boggs:
You have asked for a legal opinion regarding whether employees who will be terminated or who will retire in order to avoid termination, due to the upcoming plant closure, could as a result also be entitled to a special early retirement benefit pursuant to Sections 4.5 and 4.6 of your pension plan.
In my opinion this would be a very difficult argument to make. The reasons are as follows. The intent of those sections was to provide a benefit for employees who for a mental or physical reason could not perform their job duties but at the same time could not meet the qualifications for a disability benefit. The retirement must also be at the company’s option or at least with the company’s consent. Furthermore the word “retirement” contemplates a cessation of employment due to either advanced age or service, or inability to work due to mental or physical problems. Employees who will be terminated or will retire to avoid termination due to plant closure, could not satisfy the above criteria and would not qualify for the special early benefit.
In summary, I do not believe that it would be in anyone’s interest to attempt to pursue this through either arbitration or litigation. If you have further questions regarding this, feel free to contact the Legal Department.
(Defendants’ Exhibit D). The union representatives eventually agreed with the company’s interpretation, accepting withdrawal of the special early retirement benefit in negotiations on May the 20th, 1991. (See, Defendants’ Exhibit HHH, Minutes of Effects Bargaining, May 20, 1991) (“J. Grimm: Let’s begin by discussing the Special Early Retirement Benefit and employees engaged in a lawsuit against TMR due to this issue. TMR responded to Roetzel and Andress law firm by providing them with the name of our legal counsel, Brad Smith. If we can agree to eliminate this language, which we both agree is discriminatory; we are prepared to discuss issues which can lead to a final agreement.; D. Boggs: This committee or local union has no problem with you removing anything discriminatory, by law, from the contract. You may proceed.”) Two days later plaintiffs filed this lawsuit.
In July of 1991, the plaintiffs who had applied for the special early retirement benefit received letters denying their applications. These letters provided, in pertinent part, the following:
First, you are not entitled to a Special Early Retirement Benefit because that benefit has been eliminated from the Plan. ... Prior to 1989, such discretionary benefits were permissible; however, under regulations issued by the Treasury Department and effective for the Plan on January 1, 1989, a qualified pension plan, such as the Plan, may not provide benefits which are subject to employer discretion. For this reason, Teledyne, as plan sponsor, decided to eliminate Special Early Retirement from the Plan effective January 1, 1989.
Second, you are not entitled to a Special Early Retirement Benefit because you have already obtained a retirement benefit under another section of the Plan, and a participant may only obtain one retirement benefit from the Plan ... The Plan clearly contemplates that a participant is entitled to only one retirement benefit from the Plan.
Third, even is Section 4.5 had not been eliminated from the Plan, and even if you had not already retired, you would not be eligible for a Special Early Retirement Benefit, as Section 4.5 requires retirement at the option of the Employer or upon “mutually satisfactory conditions” as evidenced by the written consent of the Employer.
Fourth, according to your collective bargaining representative, you are not eligible for Special Early Retirement Benefit because that section was intended to provide retirement benefits for participants who were unable to perform their jobs but who did not qualify for a Disability Benefit under Section 4.11 of the Plan.
{See, e.g., Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 2). Among the documents the committee examined to reach the above conclusion were the terms of the Plan itself, the ’82-85 Summary Plan Description, the ’91 Summary Plan Description, Treasury Regulations, Plant Closure Negotiation Minutes, the letter from Wonder to Boggs quoted above, and various other documents dealing with the history and/or intent of § 4.5 of the Plan.
In August of 1991, the union members ratified the Plant Closing Agreement. That agreement stated in relevant part as follows:
8. The Company and the Union agree that the Special Early Retirement Benefit shall be deleted from the Company pension plan as being unlawfully discriminatory.
(Defendants’ Exhibit C). In early 1992, the Plan document itself was amended to eliminate the special early retirement benefit, effective as of January 1, 1989. {See Defendants’ Exhibit BBB)
III. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
As noted above, plaintiffs bring this claim pursuant to section 502(a)(1)(B) of ERISA, 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). These sections permit civil actions by plan participants, such as plaintiffs, “to recover benefits due him under the terms of his plan”. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). Plaintiffs charge wrongful denial of benefits.
The first task this court must assume is determination of the proper standard of review. Before 1989, courts reviewed plan administrator’s benefit eligibility determinations under the arbitrary and capricious standard borrowed from that developed under 29 U.S.C. § 186(c). See e.g., Cook v. Pension Plan for Salaried Employees, 801 F.2d 865, 869-870 (6th Cir.1986). In Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101, 109 S.Ct. 948, 103 L.Ed.2d 80 (1989), the Supreme Court rejected the lower courts’ reflexive resort to this decidedly charitable standard, [hereinafter “Firestone ”] Although at trial plaintiffs’ counsel repeatedly mentioned the use of an arbitrary and capricious standard, we believe plaintiffs, in reality, were urging the court to follow the position acknowledged by defendants at the summary judgment stage which was that the de novo standard is appropriate. (See Docket #31 at 10-11).
Under the Supreme Court’s holding in Firestone, courts are to apply the de novo standard in the first instance. Brown v. Ampco-Pittsburgh Corp., 876 F.2d 546, 550 (6th Cir.1989). As noted by the Sixth Circuit:
[T]he Court reasoned, under the law as it stood prior to ERISA, employees received de novo review, and the Court concluded that it would be anomalous to read ERISA to give plan participants less rights than before.
Anderson v. Great West Life Assurance Co., 942 F.2d 392, 395 (6th Cir.1991) (citing Firestone, 489 U.S. at 112-113, 109 S.Ct. at 955-956). Thus, a benefits denial under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B) must be reviewed under a de novo standard unless the benefit plan expressly gives the plan administrator or fiduciary discretionary authority to determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the plan’s terms. Firestone, supra; Perry v. Simplicity Engineering, 900 F.2d 963, 965 (6th Cir.1990). This standard is appropriate “regardless of whether the plan at issue is funded or unfunded and regardless of whether the administrator or fiduciary is operating under a possible or actual conflict of interest.” Firestone, 489 U.S. at 115, 109 S.Ct. at 956.
As previously noted by this court, and conceded by defendant both at summary judgment and at trial, “[t]he Plan at issue does not grant the administrator discretionary authority to determine eligibility for benefits”. Consequently, de novo review of the Plan Administrative Committee’s determination that plaintiffs are not entitled to the special early retirement benefit is appropriate.
The review required by Firestone, is a de novo review of the record before the administrator or fiduciary:
If district courts heard evidence not presented to plan administrators, employees and their beneficiaries would receive less protection than Congress intended.
Perry, 900 F.2d at 967. The Supreme Court succinctly described de novo review in the following manner:
In determining the appropriate standard of review under § 1132(a)(1)(B), we are guided by principles of trust law.
[SJettled principles of trust law ... point to de novo review of benefit eligibility determinations based upon plan interpretations .... As they do with contractual provisions, courts construe terms in trust agreements without deferring to either party’s interpretation. “The extent of the duties and powers of a trustee is determined by the rules of law that are applicable to the situation, and not the rules that the trustee and his attorney believes to be applicable to the situation, and by the terms of the trust as the court may interpret them, and not as they may be interpreted by the trustee himself or by his. attorney.” 3 W. Fratcher, Scott on Trusts § 201 at 221 (emphasis added). A trustee who is in doubt as to the interpretation of the instrument can protect himself by obtaining instructions from the court. Bogert & Bogert supra, § 559, at 162-168, Restatement (Second) of Trusts § 201, Comment b (1959). See also United States v. Mason, 412 U.S. 391, 399 [93 S.Ct. 2202, 2207-08, 37 L.Ed.2d 22] (1973). The terms of trusts created by written instruments are “determined by the provisions of the instrument as interpreted in light of all circumstances and such other evidence of the intention of the settlor with respect to the trust as is not inadmissible.” Restatement (Second) of Trusts § 4, Comment d (1959).
Firestone, 489 U.S. at 112,109 S.Ct. at 955. Thus, as restated by the Sixth Circuit, the “review is not whether the district court was correct in concluding that [defendant’s] interpretation of the policy language was arbitrary or capricious, but, under a de novo review, which interpretation is more likely to carry out the intent of the parties.” Aubrey v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 886 F.2d 119 (6th Cir.1989). This standard guides our inquiry.
A. Eligibility for the Benefit
The most logical place to begin review of plaintiffs’ eligibility for the special early retirement benefit is with the terms of the Plan itself. As noted above, § 4.5 of the Plan permits such retirement “at the option of the Employer or under mutually satisfactory conditions ... if the Employer has confirmed in writing its consent to his retirement.” The second of these circumstances, “under mutually satisfactory conditions”, is not asserted by plaintiffs for the apparent reason that there is no evidence that Teledyne has given its written consent. Thus, our inquiry is directed to whether plaintiffs have retired “at the option of the Employer”.
Plaintiffs contend they retired “at the option of the Employer” for two reasons; to wit, the company's threatened refusal to pay other benefits unless the plaintiffs retired before the 1st of June, 1991 and the company’s planned closure of the workplace itself. The defendants dispute the veracity of the first reason and assert that the second reason is both inappropriate and illogical. The appropriate place to begin plaintiffs’ suggested analysis is with the terms of the Plan itself.
Both “option” and “company initiated retirement” clearly contemplate a deliberate action on the part of the employer to bring about retirement. In common parlance, “option” is defined as “an act of choosing” or the “expression of a desire” or “the power or right to choose”. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (Unabridged) 1585 (1986) The use of such language clearly contemplates a conscious and deliberate act, on the part of Teledyne, to bring about an employee’s retirement regardless of the employee’s wishes. Thus, under the terms of the Plan, special early retirement only occurs when the company so chooses, regardless of surrounding circumstance. It requires, in essence, the company’s retirement of plaintiffs, not plaintiffs’ retiring because of surrounding circumstances.
The same result occurs if one examines the language of the summary plan description. Under the SPD, one is entitled to special early retirement if one is retired under “a company initiated retirement”. Under such a scheme, the company is required “to begin” or “to bring about” the plaintiffs’ retirement. Websters Third New International Dictionary (Unabridged) 1164 (1986) In the case at bar, the company’s actions are simply causally unrelated to the plaintiffs' retirement. To argue that the company’s collective bargaining position or its decision to close its manufacturing facility “initiates” retirement not only ignores the obvious connotation of the term “initiated” but also would lead to a rather absurd result. As noted by plaintiffs’ counsel at trial, a “company initiated retirement” requires an involuntary retirement. Here, plaintiffs voluntarily applied for retirement; they requested their appointments with Ms. Hartong. Admittedly, they did so either out of economic necessity or in an attempt to bolster their claim to other benefits arising from the collective bargaining agreement. However, the company neither requested nor coerced their retirement. The company initiated a plant closing, it did not initiate the retirement of these rather young and entirely satisfactory employees. As the Sixth Circuit stated under similar circumstances, “[plaintiffs] chose to exercise their right to retire precisely in order to avoid termination in the shut down.” Armistead v. Venitron Corp., 944 F.2d 1287, 1297 (6th Cir.1991).
This conclusion is strengthened if one considers the less than sensible result were this court to adopt plaintiffs’ reasoning. The plaintiffs herein are all entitled to, and are receiving retirement benefits under other provisions of the plan. Section 4.3 of the Plan permits “early retirement” once a participant has either attained the age of fifty-five and has completed at least ten years of service or has completed at least thirty years of service. All plaintiffs save Donald Green meet these requirements. Plaintiffs argue that the requirements of § 4.3, defining who is entitled to “early retirement” describe who is entitled to “special early retirement” under § 4.5 in the event of a company initiated retirement. Thus, they assert that the company’s plant closing activities initiated their retirement, bringing them under the particularly generous provisions of § 4.5 of the Plan. While plaintiffs’ reasoning holds some appeal, there is no indication in the Plan that sections 4.3 and 4.5 are intended to be read conjunctively. Both in the Plan and in the SPD, “early retirement” and “special early retirement” are separately identified and placed in different sections. Each of these sections contain separate qualifications and methods of benefit calculation. There is no suggestion that the requirements of “early retirement” should be engrafted onto the sections pertaining to “special early retirement”. The only suggested connection between these provisions are their use of the words “early retirement”. Thus, one is eligible for “special early retirement” if he is retired “at the option of the employer”. This sole requirement illustrates the flaw in plaintiffs’ reasoning. Plaintiffs argue that Tele-dyne’s decision to close its facility or its collective bargaining posture forced their retirement at the company’s option. Apart from the rather calculated errors in construing the Plan’s language this argument invites, it also leads to a senseless conclusion. Under this reasoning, any Teledyne employee faced with an actual or perceived adverse action on the part of the company, whether it be termination for improper conduct or, as is the case here, plant closure, could “retire” and claim this generous benefit. Such a result is logically unacceptable.
Plaintiffs are not entitled to special early retirement benefits.
B. Existence of the Benefit
In addition to plaintiffs’ ineligibility for the benefit at issue, the defendants claim that the benefit itself was effectively eliminated from the Plan in 1989 pursuant to applicable Treasury regulations. 26 U.S.C. § 411(d)(6) and the regulations thereunder, 26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d)-4 protect accrued benefits. Treasury Regulation 1.411(d) — 4 provides that “a plan which permits the employer, either directly or indirectly, through the exercise of employer discretion, to deny a participant a Section 411(d)(6) protected benefit ... violates the requirements of Section 411(d)(6).” As stated in Q & A-4 of the regulation:
A plan provision that makes a [Code] section 411(d)(6) protected benefit available only to those employees as the employer may designate is within the scope of this prohibition. Thus, for example, a plan provision under which only employees who are designated by the employer are eligible to receive a subsidized early retirement benefit constitutes an impermissible provision under [Code] section 411(d)(6).
26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d)-4 Q & A 4(a) (emphasis added).
Plan section 4.5 was just such a benefit. Special early retirement, as provided for in the Plan, was clearly a discretionary benefit violative of the above cited Treasury Regulations. Retirement “at the option of the Employer” gave the Company the right to retire someone upon its own volition. As the regulation makes clear, where the employer’s exercise of discretion takes the form of designating the employees who are eligible for a benefit, it is prohibited. As noted above, the union agreed that section 4.5 was unlawfully discretionary and consented to this section’s removal from the Plan. The Plan was amended this year, deleting § 4.5 effective as of January 1, 1989. Thus, this court and all involved parties except plaintiffs agree that the benefit at issue violates the Treasury Regulations. It is defendants’ compliance with the regulations which provides the basis for this portion of their defense.
The defendants posit that the Treasury regulations demanded immediate compliance with their provisions. Relying upon 26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d)-4 Q & A 8(b), they argue that the regulations provided them with three option to bring them into full compliance with the regulations. They “quote” the language of this section in the following manner:
If the availability of an ... early ... retirement benefit ... under an existing plan is conditioned on the exercise of employer discretion, the plan must be amended either to eliminate the ... early retirement benefit, ... or to make such benefit available to all participants without limitation, or to apply objective conditions to the availability of the ... early ... retirement benefit_ '
(Docket # 50 at 8) (emphasis added) Thus, they argue that they chose the first purported option, elimination of the benefit, effective as of January 1989:
Thus, prior to the plant closing on June 16, 1991; prior to the time the first Plaintiff retired in April of 1991; and prior even to the time the plant closing was announced in January, 1991, the Company had made a decision to eliminate the benefit from the Plan. The Company decided it would never exercise its option to retire someone under the Special Early Retirement provisions of the Plan.
(Id. at 9) The evidence establishes that defendant did indeed choose to eliminate this benefit as early as 1989. However, this court cannot agree that this choice complied with the Treasury Regulations. Complete elimination of the benefit was not an option afforded defendants under 26 C.F.R. § 1.411(dH Q & A 8(b). That subsection, in full, reads as follows:
(b) Transitional alternatives. If the availability of an optional forms (sic) of benefit, early or late retirement benefit, or retirement-type subsidy under an existing plan is conditioned on the exercise of employer discretion, the plan must be amended either to eliminate the optional form of benefit, early or late retirement benefit, or retirement-type subsidy to make such benefit available to all participants without limitation, or to apply objective and nondiscriminatory conditions to the availability of the optional form of benefit, early or later retirement benefit, or retirement-type subsidy. See paragraph (d) of this Q & A-8 for rules limiting the period during which section 411(d)(6) protected benefits may be eliminated or reduced under this paragraph.
26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d)-4 Q & A 8(b) (emphasis added) This subsection can only be read to provide the employer with two option, to wit: elimination of the benefit to make it available to all participants without limitation or to apply objective and nondiscriminatory conditions as to the benefit’s availability. Q & A 8(b) simply lacks the conjunction “or” found in defendants’ quotation to the regulation.
Consequently, the benefit was not, in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations, immediately removed from the Plan. Apparently, then, the special early retirement benefit was still in existence at the time of plaintiffs’ application, albeit subject to an ex post facto revocation at the start of this year. Such a conclusion, however, does not alter the outcome of this case. As noted above, plaintiffs simply do not meet the qualifications required under either the terms of the Plan or the Summary Plan description.
Accordingly, this court grants judgment in favor of the defendants. This cause is terminated in its entirety.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. A collective bargaining agreement, covering the plaintiffs, was due to expire in June of 1991.
. It must be noted, however, that the vast majority of plaintiffs have not applied for these benefits. The plaintiffs who did apply for these benefits were ultimately rejected. (See infra) The collective bargaining agreement in effect at the time of rejection contained a multi-stage grievance procedure culminating in binding arbitration. The Plan incorporates the CBA’s grievance procedures. The rejected plaintiffs did not exhaust the Plan’s grievance procedures. See Docket Nos. 20 and 45 (orders granting in part defendants' motions to dismiss and for summary judgment).
. Following receipt of these regulation in late 1988, Mr. Oddson, the Manager of Retirement Benefits for the parent corporation, decided the special early retirement benefits were prohibited by the regulations and issued a memorandum to local retirement coordinators advising them that these benefits were therefore eliminated from the plan. This memo, dated November 1989, stated:
An employer is no longer allowed to have any discretion as to when an employee retires. Therefore, effective immediately, no benefits are to be paid out under a situation where retirement is conditioned upon the mutual agreement of the participant and the employer (most collectively bargained plan). Such retirement options are generally available under Special Early Retirement or Rule of 65 Retirement. These retirement options have been discontinued and should be eliminated in your next round of union negotiations.
(Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 9) There is no evidence that any employee covered by this plan ever received a special early retirement benefit.
. At trial, the defendants’ positions is essentially unchanged. They argue that the benefit at issue has been effectively eliminated from the plan, and that even if it were not eliminated, the plaintiffs are not entitled to the benefit under the terms of the plan, essentially contracting the third and fourth reasons offered by the Plan Administrative Committee for the denial of the benefits.
. Under the arbitrary and capricious standard, "[w]here both the trustees of a pension fund and a rejected applicant offer rational though conflicting interpretations of plan provisions, the trustees’ interpretation must be allowed to coti-trol." Wells v. U.S. Steel & Carnegie Pension Fund, Inc., 950 F.2d 1244, 1248 (6th Cir.1991) (emphasis added). It should be clear to all concerned that if this standard applied, judgment for defendants would be appropriate.
. As recognized in the findings of fact, the summary plan description (SPD) possessed by plaintiffs stated that “[i]f you are retired under a company initiated retirement, you are eligible to receive a special early retirement benefit.” (Defendants' Exhibit G at 100). This same summary was prefaced with a paragraph stating:
The following represents a summary of principal Plan provisions, but is not intended as a full and complete description of the Plan, which is provided in the formal Plan documents. These documents will govern in all determinations of eligibility for benefits and the amount of these benefits. Copies of the formal Plan documents may be obtained from the Plan Administrative Committee for a reasonable charge or may be inspected at no charge at the Committee’s place of busi-ness_ Your Personnel Department can answer any questions you may have about the Plan.
(Id.) At summary judgment, the plaintiffs asserted "that there is no question here that the terms of the Plan Document ... must control ... the Summary Plan Description has no impact....” (Docket #38 at 6) It is unclear whether plaintiffs continue to maintain this posture, although this court believes it is correct.
The terms of a summary plan description control only when plaintiffs rely upon either a misstatement contained therein or upon its terms if they conflict with the language of the Plan itself. See e.g. Flacche v. Sun Life Assur. Co. of Canada (U.S.), 958 F.2d 730, 736 (6th Cir.1992). Plaintiffs have not alleged either circumstance. It is this court's opinion that such an allegation would be groundless. In the case at bar, the summary plan description entitles one to special early retirement benefits under "a company initiated retirement." The Plan itself permits such benefits when a participant is “retired at the option of the employer". One could not reasonably contend that this summary does not comply with 29 U.S.C. § 1022(a)(l)’s requirements. Indeed, the language of the summary imparts a strikingly similar, if not identical meaning. Any analysis of these terms would render the same result.
.As dicta, the court should note that section 4.5 of the Plan is, in the opinion of both Teledyne and the Union’s counsel, reserved for deliberate use by the company in circumstances where employees could not perform their job duties, but at the same time did not meet the requirements for a disability benefit. (See e.g., Defendants’ Exhibit D) The Union’s counsel expressed this opinion based upon examination of prior Plan provisions. The Plan Committee, when deciding to reject the plaintiffs’ applications for benefits, reviewed these prior plans and came to a similar conclusion. This interpretation finds support in the language of an earlier version of the plan which states:
Any employee meeting the eligibility requirements of Paragraph 1 [normal retirement], Paragraph 2 [disability] or Paragraph 3 [early retirement] of this Article 3 may be retired under the Plan by his Employer when he is no longer able to qualify under applicable agreements or regulations for transfer to another job.
(Defendants’ Exhibit B, Article III, paragraph 5).
. The defendants additional reason for denying plaintiffs eligibility for the benefit is the Plan’s provision prohibiting duplication of benefits. (See § 4.14 of the Plan) Essentially, defendants argue that to the extent plaintiffs seek an additional “double-dip” into the Plan funds, such claims are forbidden under the terms of the Plan. While the court is inclined to agree with defendants’ assertion, it seems clear that discussion of this argument only becomes relevant if plaintiffs are facially entitled to the benefits at issue, which they are not.
. The term "employer” includes plan administrators, fiduciaries, and trustees. 26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d) — 4 Q & A-5.
. Under the Code, a “§ 411(d)(6) protected benefit” includes “an early retirement benefit or a retirement type subsidy”. 26 U.S.C. § 411(d)(6)(B)(ii). See abo 26 C.F.R. § 1.411(d) — 4 Q & A 1(a)(2).
. Plaintiffs pursue this reasoning in the following manner:
First of all, the Special Early Retirement Benefit at issue can in no sense be construed as discretionary. There was no discretion as to providing the benefit if any employee was retired under a company initiated retirement while he or she met the age and service requirements for the Special Early Retirement Benefit set forth in the Plan.
(Docket #47 at 8) As noted in part A to this opinion, the court believes plaintiffs’ reasoning to be without merit. In addition, plaintiffs assert that Teledyne has, under other plans, paid a "special early retirement benefit" to employees whose facilities have been closed. The court must view the relevance of this argument with some skepticism. First, the terms of the other Plan are decidedly different than those in the case at bar. Second, these benefits were paid pursuant to a settlement agreement which specifically provided that the payment of the benefits were offered as "a one time only option.” (Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 24, at final page) Such an agreement would apparently satisfy the conditions of the treatise, cited by plaintiffs to this court as law, which states that discretionary benefits are permissible if they are:
a one-time increase in the normal retirement benefit, that is contingent on an event that has independent and substantial business significance ... [when] the event (i.e. the closing) is within the control of the employer.
(Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 7 at 25,239) Finally, this court doubts whether the parent company’s decision to pay benefits to other employees, represented by another union, under other Plans is relevant to a de novo review of the plan at issue. See Franklin v. Pitney Bowes, Inc., 919 F.2d 45, 48 (6th Cir.1990); see also 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B) permitting lawsuits by plan participants "to recover benefits due to him under the terms of his plan-”
| CASELAW |
You can’t skimp on sleep. Losing weight for good calls for a total lifestyle change -- and that includes getting more Zs. Missing the recommended seven to nine hours of shut-eye has been linked repeatedly with increased obesity rates. “When you don’t sleep enough, it certainly affects your brain,” explained Dr. Arad. “What we’ve learned is that people who don’t sleep well are making poor choices — eating more unhealthy diets, and they are obviously more fatigued, so they become less physically active.” In fact, people who sleep six hours or fewer per night on average consume about 300 extra calories the following day.
Mason, A. E., Epel, E. S., Aschbacher, K., Lustig, R. H., Acree, M., Kristeller, J., … Daubenmier, J. (2016, May 1). Reduced reward-driven eating accounts for the impact of a mindfulness-based diet and exercise intervention on weight loss: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial. Appetite , 100, 86–93. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4799744/
Have you ever decided to skip a meal to cut back on your daily calorie count? Despite saving a few calories in the moment, this strategy almost always backfires. When you skip breakfast, or any meal, you'll begin to experience excessive hunger that can lead to craving unhealthy foods—and lots of them. You may also eat faster than you normally do after skipping a meal, causing you to miss the warning signs that you're full and resulting in overeating.
In what is perhaps the biggest buzzkill of all time, sex doesn’t quite count as cardio or burn a significant amount of calories: Women burn about 3.6 per minute. "It’s still a good idea," Dr. Seltzer says, citing the activity’s other benefits, like increasing the output of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, which naturally reduce food cravings.
We’re continuing to learn that shortchanging our sleep — even for just one night — can lead to less healthy food choices the next day. The latest study took a look at subjects’ MRI scans after a night of sound sleep and again after a night of sleep deprivation. The MRI scans showed that sleep deprivation activates an area of the brain that makes you view food as more desirable. In other words, it prompts cravings. This adds to other evidence showing that insufficient sleep increases hunger while also making us less likely to stay active. Taken all together, it means that a healthier sleep situation can encourage a healthier weight.
When you drink liquid carbs, like the sugar in soda, your body doesn't register them the same way as, say, a piece of bread, according to a review of studies published in Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. That means, even though you're taking in calories, your fullness cues aren't likely to signal that you're satisfied once you finish off a can. And that can lead to consuming more overall.
Eating less does more for weight loss than exercising more. Consider putting the money you’d spend on a gym membership toward healthy groceries, instead. “Trying to exercise your way out of your weight problem is very difficult (because) it’s very hard to exercise that much,” explained Dr. Aronne. Burning about 3,500 calories equals one pound; someone weighing 150 pounds walking for an hour would burn around 250 calories. “You really need to cut down on calorie intake to lose the weight. Exercise is better at preventing weight gain.” The recommended daily diet is around 2,000 calories, but if you want to lose weight, Dr. Avigdor Arad, the director of the Mount Sinai Physiolab, suggests that women consume between 1,200 to 1,500 calories a day on average, and men between 1,500 and 1,800 calories. But visit your doctor to see how your own metabolism, family history and any medications you’re taking could be influencing how easily you gain and lose weight, and what your nutritional needs are. “There is a lot of variation,” he said.
That’s because it theoretically causes a mild ketosis (yep, the basis of the keto diet), which is a fat-burning state that should make you feel less hungry. The key in being successful with a low-carb diet (especially if you’re used to a more high-carb lifestyle) is to compensate for those lost carbs with protein-rich foods, says Dr. Cheskin. That way, your volume of food stays the same, but you’re doing it healthfully rather than in a way that exacerbates your weight gain.
1. The side plank exercise is the best way to reduce belly fat. There are only two points of contact with the floor which helps the core muscles to contract even harder. Lie on your side with your legs top of each other, rest on your lower forearm that is bent on the elbow. Force your upper body off the floor by using your forearm and place other hand on your hips. You should resemble a diagonal line from head to toe. After you lift your bodies just hold it for 30-60 seconds.
Stop treating your kitchen like an all-night diner and you’ll stop seeing those unwanted pounds piling onto your frame, too. The results of a study published in Cell Metabolism found that mice who only had access to food during an eight-hour period stayed slim over the course of the study, while those who ate the same number of calories over a 16-hour period gained significantly more weight, particularly around their middle. When you’re finished with dinner at night, shut the fridge and don’t look back until morning — your belly will thank you. When you do head back to the kitchen in the A.M., make sure the best healthy kitchen staples for cooking are there waiting for you.
1. Clean up your diet. Once you find a diet that works for you, stick to it. Researchers at Tufts University followed 160 people on four different weight loss plans and found that the type of diet participants were on didn’t matter as much as the participants’ willingness to stick to their diets. If you’ve been dieting for a while, you might have become a little lax with your food choices and portions, so tighten them up again. To lose those last pesky pounds, stick to unprocessed foods (the kind that don’t come in a box) and choose lean protein, vegetables, fruit, and whole grains. Keeping a food journal will help you track everything you eat and get your calories under control.
Italiano: Perdere Peso, Español: bajar de peso, Deutsch: Abnehmen, Português: Perder Peso, Nederlands: Afvallen, Français: perdre du poids, Русский: сбросить вес, 中文: 减肥, Čeština: Jak zhubnout, Bahasa Indonesia: Menurunkan Berat Badan, 日本語: ダイエット, ไทย: ลดน้ำหนัก, Tiếng Việt: Giảm Cân, हिन्दी: वज़न कम करें (kaise vajan kam kare), 한국어: 체중 감량하는 법, Türkçe: Nasıl Kilo Verilir
You can try this supplement for a month for just the cost of shipping and handling. With the K Shred risk free trial, $5.94 will get you a bottle, and you can see if this is the supplement for you first-hand. If you like what you see, each bottle after the trial costs $89.94. If it isn’t the supplement for you, cancel the trial within fourteen days, and you won’t have lost anything but a few bucks in shipping.
Everyone’s weight loss journey is different, so we can’t predict with complete certainty what you’ll see when taking this supplement. K Shred weight management is supposed to help you along the way but sticking to the diet and exercising are up to you. To see the best possible results, try working out for little longer and a little more often than you currently do. Exercise never hurt anyone’s weight loss goals.
Carbs aren’t evil -- but sugar might be. “The concept of carbohydrates has really gotten such a bad reputation, and we need to understand that there are complex carbohydrates and ancient grains that can really help us not only lose weight, but increase satiety so we stay full longer and want to eat less. It actually decreases the cholesterol and stabilizes the blood sugar, and all of these things are a really important part of a weight loss program,” said Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum, an American Heart Association volunteer medical expert. These “good” carbs include whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans; the refined carbs (including refined grains and starches like white bread, white rice, pasta and mashed potatoes) should be consumed in limited amounts. “They are high in simple sugars, and that’s what adds weight,” said Dr. Steinbaum.
You know the drill: Replace refined, overly processed foods with more natural, whole foods. Sure, all foods fit, but they don’t all fit equally. Here’s why: Every time you eat, your metabolism increases as your body works to process your meal. Studies that compare the metabolic boost of calorie-matched whole foods to processed ones find that your body can burn up to 50 percent more calories after a meal made with more real food ingredients compared to a similar meal made with more processed fare. The fact is, your body has to work harder to break down whole foods in order to grab the raw materials it needs so if you exist on a lot of packaged foods and fast foods (think: chips, donuts and drive-thru fare), it’s going to be tougher to lose weight and keep those pounds from coming back.
Add a cup of low-fat milk, a part-skim mozzarella stick, or a half cup of low-sodium cottage cheese to breakfast, and you may have a belly-busting win. While lots of research links calcium with lower body weights, results from a 2014 study suggest that calcium-containing foods may reduce waist circumference in those genetically predisposed to carrying weight in their midsection.
The main advantage of the low-carb diet is that it causes you to want to eat less. Even without counting calories most overweight people eat far fewer calories on low carb. Sugar and starch may increase your hunger, while avoiding them may decrease your appetite to an adequate level. If your body wants to have an appropriate number of calories you don’t need to bother counting them. Thus: Calories count, but you don’t need to count them.
Sure, ketchup is tasty, but it’s also a serious saboteur when it comes your weight loss efforts. Ketchup is loaded with sugar — up to four grams per tablespoon — and bears little nutritional resemblance to the fruit from which it’s derived. Luckily, swapping out your ketchup for salsa can help you shave off that belly fat fast. Fresh tomatoes, like those used in salsa, are loaded with lycopene, which a study conducted at China Medical University in Taiwan links to reductions in both overall fat and waist circumference. If you like your salsa spicy, all the better; the capsaicin in hot peppers, like jalapeños and chipotles, can boost your metabolism, too.
Figure out how many calories you should eat each day to lose weight. Losing weight isn't all about weight. The more aware you are of the calories in the food you eat, the more easily you'll be able to eat the right amount of food and do the right amount of exercise to drop a couple of pounds. Take your food journal and look up each item individually. Keep a running tally and add up your calorie total for the day.
Remember that it takes a 3500-calorie deficit to lose one pound of fat. That is, you have to either burn off 3500 calories through exercise or eat 3500 calories less than you burn in a week. Break this up into daily limits. To burn 3500 calories a week, you should aim to have a 500 calorie deficit every day. For example, you can exercise to burn 250 calories and cut 250 calories from your diet.
The 30-Day Shred workout was designed by celebrity fitness trainer Jillian Michaels. This weight loss DVD comprises three 20-minute circuit training workouts that are based on Jillian's 3-2-1 interval method. Each circuit alternates among three minutes of strength training, two minutes of cardio and one minute of core work to effectively burn fat and lose up to 20 pounds within 30 days. In order to lose weight with Jillian's 30-Day Shred series, you'll need to incorporate a sensible diet that allows you to consume the appropriate amount of calories and healthy foods in order to reduce body fat.
Although you do want to increase your walking over time, this doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to be working your way up to a more intensive form of cardio like swimming or running. “Moving on to new exercises is not something someone should feel they have to do unless their goals change and a new exercise is needed to support those goals,” says Gagliardi. “Walking alone can be progressed by changing the distance, speed, terrain, and by adding intervals.”
"One of the hardest parts of losing weight is maintaining the lifestyle changes you’ve made. It’s difficult to stay motivated all the time, especially if you’ve slipped up along the way. But don’t let this affect your end goal. If you’re feeling particularly unmotivated, ask a friend to join you for your workout and then afterwards cook something healthy for dinner together."
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pertumbuhan sel dan produksi xylitol pada fermentasi xylose oleh yeast di kultur batch
Xylose is one of the most abundant monosaccharide in nature. It is the second in amount behind glucose. This monosaccharide is a building block for hemi cellulose, one of three major components in wood plants and natural fibers. The research for xylose fermentation is now widely conducted, mainly to convert this renewable resource to fuel alcohols. Another important product is xylitol, a sugar alcohol derived from xylose that is used for artificial sweetener. In this research, we conducted experiments of fermenting xylose using yeast Candida utilis in 1.25 liter batch culture. The variables were aeration rate and pH controlling. The aeration rates used were 0 and 500 ml/min, whereas the pHs were controlled at 5.0 with addition of KOH and without control. The results obtained shows that the yeast C. utilis posses the capability of xylose assimilation and fermentation during both aerated and non-aerated cultured even though the growth in aerated culture is better. In the culture without controlled pH, the growth is the best. The plausible explanation is that during the growth at very low pH, the yeast might reduce the metabolic flux toward organic acids production. It could increase the flux to the building block for cell growth. The highest xylitol production is at 0.5 g/l is obtained during non-aerated culture with controlled pH. This is because the limited oxygen level could inhibit the further utilization of xylitol in the xylose degradation pathway.
Author:
Arina Handayani, Sylvia Sunoto, Yalun Arifin
Presented in Seminar Rekayasa Kimia dan Proses 2005, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
One Response
1. thx for ur info..
^^
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Liverpool London Globe Insurance Company v. Kearney
[Syllabus from pages 132-133 intentionally omitted]
Mr. E. S. Quinton for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. A. C. Cruce and W. I. Cruce for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court: | WIKI |
Algerine Seamount
Algerine Seamount is an undersea mountain in the North Atlantic Ocean, located about 560 km south of Cape Race in the northeastern portion of the Sohm Abyssal Plain. Its summit is more than 2000 m below sea level and rises to a height of over 1200 m. With an areal extent of 550 km2, Algerine Seamount is slightly bigger than the Ontarian city of Kingston. To the east, Algerine Seamount is bounded by Birma Seamount.
Algerine Seamount is one of the seven named Fogo Seamounts. Its name is derived from SS Algerine, a Newfoundland steamship that participated in the recovery efforts following the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She had recovered one body after spending 3 weeks searching the area. | WIKI |
How far was the impact of World War One the crucial factor in the fall of the Romanovs in February 1917. This essay will argue that the impact of World War One was a very crucial factor in the fall of the Romanovs in February 1917. The events in the Revolutions of 1905 and 1917 also show that Nicolas II was not a good leader and these events led to the fall of the Romanovs. World War One caused many problems for the Government, the army and the people at home. Having a war caused inflation, government spending rose from 4-30 million, taxation increased, and money became practically worthless and the price of food and fuel quadrupled.
One factor that added to the Tory party’s trouble was that in 1830 there was more outbreaks of social unrest. This was due to high bread prices following a poor harvest in 1829 and sudden slump in exports leading to unemployment in the Midlands and North of England. This was encouraged by thoughts back to the French revolutions and labourers destroyed machinery that was taking over their jobs. Wellington needed to take immediate and firm action, but the Tory government just was not strong enough to combat this
The collapse of the housing market and unemployment caused the most damage. Between 1991 to 1992 unemployment had gone back up to 2.6 million. Negative equity meant home owner were paying mortgages far higher than their homes were worth. Many people could simply not keep up with the increased prices and resulted in them losing their homes due to the bank repossessing them. The recession hit close to home for the Tories, effecting the middle class not just the working class of the industrial north.
The World War brought up a huge range of different issues, which plummeted an already shaky country, into a desperate country. One such issue was the economic strains that the war put on the country. The urgent need for weapons and specialised equipment drove the Russian economy into overdrive, leaving the poorest Russians without food and with an inflation rate which rose around twice as fast as wages went up. The huge numbers of men armed by Russia also meant that industries all across Russian began to slow their production rapidly, most notably of all being agriculture. This meant trade to other countries went down bringing the economy to yet another low and this lack of agricultural workers meant a lack of food across Russia, especially in towns and cities where there was no easy access to farms; and as is with most things in demand, the prices went through the roof, leaving peasants starving on a mass scale.
Known also as Black Tuesday, October 29th left stockholders shattered with recorded losses reaching $40 billion dollars (Kelly, n.d.). Many banks and financial institutions began collapsing which led to irretrievable, uninsured deposits and savings. Fearing further loss, people began spending less which led to a decrease in production and an increase in unemployment. As companies began to fail, the government devised the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in order to protect American businesses. The Tariff placed high taxes on imports leading to a decline in international trade.
The farmers fought against the Gold Standard, railroads, and industrialist during this period causing lots of confrontation. In document G you can see the increase rate of manufacturing corporations and the steady decline of the agricultural market. The United States could no longer wish to be a country of small estate farms. Industrialists and the people living in immense cities depended on farmers to basically keep them alive throughout the years. However, back then numerous people didn’t comprehend just how much of an impact farmers had on their everyday lives.
In 1914, Italy had been made at risk of being undermined by the mounting problems that Italy was facing. Divisions between the North and the South of Italy and its many local regions were widening. The Liberal government was facing increasing opposition from both the Left and the Right, who aimed to take advantage of the fact that the Liberal’s could not even decide on issues between themselves, and accompanied by a weak industrial and economical situation, security looked a long way off for Italy. 1914 was a manageable, but exhausting time for Liberal Italy. There was a massive divide in the North from the South.
16% of the 1.8million who died at war were conscripted and all families were somehow impacted by the war, which consequently led to a decline in the popularity of the Royal Family. People famously said “what family is going to survive war with all six sons alive?” in reference to the Kaiser’s six sons as awareness was spreading that there was an inequality of sacrifice among classes. The divisions between classes which had previously existed were now even greater. Peasantry and rural producers felt alienated by government regulations and were now hampered by the lack of labour and there was also huge resentment towards the Junkers who maintained their tax privileges until 1916. The urban working class also suffered due to the rise of the black market, which was the source of
As the workers’ wages outpaced the prices of goods, the workers began to become rich and skilled in what they did. The only people who had servants to attend to them were the ones who could afford the terribly high salaries the servants demanded. Neighbors stole lead off of their dead neighbors’ roofs, stole pots and pans from their kitchens, and many times stole the clothes off their backs to sell to others. The need for money was extreme. Before the plague, Europe was beginning to struggle economically.
Corey Johnson Brian Rafuse HISTORY 2010 LX9 November 20, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution was a war between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain due to the unlawful taxes and policies that were enforced. Great Britain had been in a war with France in previous years and was losing money because of it; therefore, the country needed finances to rebuild the losses and to put the country back to its original position before the war. Because of these needs, Great Britain began to variously tax certain things that were used frequently throughout the country, such as: trading, tea, paper, etc. This upset many of the people in the country to the extent of wanting to separate and call themselves their own country. This idea, though pragmatic in my opinion, wasn’t as sensible to some people that wanted to stay a part of Great Britain and wanted to be loyal to the country, hence being called “Loyalists.” The people that were for the separation were known as Patriots, for they stood up for themselves and wanted to have a better democratic country, which is where they would truly represent the country rather than the Parliament dictating everything without consent. | FINEWEB-EDU |
In harriet Tubman's lifetime she has accomplished many great achievements, however only one can be the greatest. Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in 1822 as Minty Ross, then later married John Tubman in 1844 making her Harriet Tubman and later died in 1913. Once her master had died in 1849 she made the decision to leave her Husband and her family to run for freedom, accomplishing many achievements. However, what was Harriet Tubman's greatest achievement? Harriet Tubman's greatest achievement was the Combahee River Raid that was on June 2, 1863 due to the number of people she helped and the time spent while her other achievements were significant.
Cuba: An Overview of Slavery In light of all the atrocities enacted upon mankind, none were as demeaning and repugnant as slavery. On the island of Cuba, slavery flourished for over 300 years with more than one million slaves being trafficked from Africa and China. Many of these slaves were brought over to work on large plantations that harvested tobacco, coffee and sugar cane.
The Underground Railroad was a passageway for slaves to escape from their owners approximately from 1780 to 1862. One of the causes of the Civil War was The Underground Railroad. In fact, it wasn’t a railroad or underground. It wasn't run by a person or an organization.
Douglass try to escape from slavery 2 times before he succeeded. He got help on his last time to try to escape with lady named Anna Marie, who was a free black woman in Baltimore who he had fallen in love with. On September 3, 1838, Douglass boarded a train to Havre de Grace, Maryland. Murray had provided him with some of her savings and a sailor 's uniform. He carried identification papers taken from a free black seaman.
Frederick Douglass, the most successful runaway slave that ever was. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born directly into slavery in Talbot County, Maryland to his mother, Harriet Bailey and his father, who is said to be Anthony Aaron . His birth year is thought to be around 1818 however the exact date is unknown. He later chose to celebrate his birthday on February 14th.
Harriet Tubman spent most of her life trying to help slaves. She was a slave herself, she was born in Dorchester Country, Maryland in the year 1822. She started working at a very young age, by the age of 5 she was already doing child care and consequently by 12 she was doing field work and hauling logs, as she got older the job got harder. When she turned 26 Harriet decided to make a life-changing decision when her master died, she decided to abscond. She married a free black man.
Later, in Akron, Ohio, she gave her famous speech, “Ain’t I a woman.” Her speech demanded equal rights for all women as well as all blacks. Over the next ten years Truth spoke in front of dozens, probably hundreds of people. At one of her speeches someone interrupted her and accused her of being a man, Truth then revealed that she was indeed a woman.
For Dana in the novel, Kindred slavery was an uncharted part in her life. As a free black woman growing up in the 1970s married to Kevin, a white male Dana had never been faced to face with slavery until she discovers herself in the midst of everything. One moment, Dana was speaking with Kevin in the protection of their own home and the next moment she was scrambling at the battle cry of an adolescent boy drowning in a nearby river. After rescuing the boy while his mother struck Dana she turns and catches sight of a white
His birth date is unknown but Frederick always celebrated it on February 14th. He worked with his mom until he was about ten years old. His mom had died when he was ten. He then was sent to Baltimore. To sum it up, Frederick Douglass had a hard complicated childhood.
She sustained a serious head injury and then suffered from seizures, hallucinations, and sleep attacks for the rest of her life. In 1844 she married John Tubman, a free black man, but the marriage was not recognized by law and was therefore still enslaved. She tried to convince him to run north with her but he refused. After her owner 's death she fled north to Philadelphia.
the slaves played a big part in the civil war. The civil war was for four years, from 1861 to 1865. In this battle it was the union against the confederate states of america. the death count in the civil war was more that 620,000, with millions more injured. The north the union army wanted the slaves to be free and to have their own equal rights as a human being.
Frederick Douglass was born to Harriot Bailey on February, 1818 in a slave cabin on Aaron Anthony 's plantation. The identity of his father is unknown due to him being separated from his mother at an early age, however, it is rumored that Anthony could have been the possible father; it was common for slave-owners to have affairs with their slaves. Douglass grew up away from his mother and was raised by his grandparents before becoming a slave at the age of six. Although he faced many hardships growing up in slavery, his success is well-known to this day. “He became a trusted advisor to Abraham Lincoln, United States Marshal for the District of Columbia, Recorder of Deeds for Washington, D.C., and Minister-General to the Republic of Haiti” (“A Short Biography of Frederick Douglass”).
The Underground Railroad offered a passage to freedom as well as hope for many enslaved people. It was developed in the early 1800s, however, it was primarily used during 1850 through the 1860s. It was an operation that succeeded because of people who held the belief that all people are entitled to equal rights regardless of race. It was a secret system which was developed to help slaves escape to freedom. Escaped slave, Harriet Tubman, was instrumental in assisting numerous slaves travel through the Underground Railroad beginning in 1850.
Harriet Tubman's contributions were, that she helped free slaves from slave owners in the South. She helped free slaves in one way, but she used many different tactics. THe one way she used to free slaves was using the Underground Railroad, which was a network used to bring slaves to the North. they were brought to the North because slavery was no longer allowed. IN total she managed to rescue 300 slaves without being seen or caught. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Tobolsk Governorate
Tobolsk Governorate (Тобольская губерния) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, Russian Republic and Russian SFSR located in the Ural Mountains and Siberia. It existed from 1796 to 1920; its seat was in the city of Tobolsk, and from 1919 to 1920, in the city of Tyumen.
General information
Its total area as of 1913 was 1,300,000 km2. According to data at the end of the 19th century, the area of the Governorate was divided into 10 uezds (until 1898, okrugs).
18th century
In official documents of the second half of the 18th century, the name Tobolsk Governorate is often used as a designation for Siberia Governorate in the last stage of its existence (1764–1782).
On 19 January (30 January) 1782, Tobolsk Governorate was formed by decree of the Empress of Russia Catherine II as part of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty with two oblasts: Tobolsk Oblast (included ten uezds) and Tomsk Oblast (six uezds), which became part of the Governorate-General.
On 12 December 1796, the Tobolsk Governorate was formed by Emperor Paul I's Decree to the Senate "On the new division of the State into the Governorates". Kolyvan Oblast was annexed to Tobolsk Governorate.
In 1797, Tobolsk Governorate consisted of 16 uezds: Kuznetsk Uezd, Semipalatinsk Uezd, Krasnoyarsk Uezd, Ishimsky Uezd, Yalutorovsky Uezd, Kurgansky Uezd, Beryozovsky Uezd, Tarsky Uezd, Turinsky Uezd, Tyumensky Uezd, Tobolsky Uezd, Surgutsky Uezd, Tomsk Uezd, Narymsky Uezd, Yenisei Uezd, and Turukhansky Uezd.
19th century
The map of Tobolsk Governorate (16 uezds) from the publication "The Russian Atlas of forty-three maps consisting of forty-one provinces dividing the Empire" (Alexander Wilbrecht, 1800) shows the vast Siberian province of Tobol'sk with the borders of the province and its districts, population centers, monasteries, winter encampments, fortresses, mines, salt and fish industries, and the routes of voyages by Malygin Stepan (1734, 1735), Aleksej Ivanovič Skuratov (1734, 1735), Dmitry Ovtsyn (1735), Stepan Voinovich Muravyov (1737), Pavlov Mikhail Stepanovich (1737), Rozmyslov Feodor (1768), and the location where Dutch ships wintered in 1596. The title of this map is in an artistic cartouche with a drawing of a hunting scene, mining symbols, and a maiden with an urn – an allegorical symbol of the Ob' River.
In 1802, the Tobolsk Governorate along with the Irkutsk Governorate, became part of the Siberian General Governorate by decree of Emperor Alexander I.
In 1822, the Siberian General Governorate was divided into the West Siberian General Governorate and East Siberian General Governorate. Tobolsk Governorate became part of the West Siberian General Governorate, which existed until 1882.
On 26 February (9 March) 1804, part of the territory of the Tobolsk Governorate was allocated to the Tomsk Governorate. As part of the Tobolsk Governorate nine uezds remained: Beryozovsky Uezd, Ishimsky Uezd, Kurgansky Uezd, Omsky Uezd, Tarsky Uezd, Tobolsky Uezd, Turinsky Uezd, Tyumensky Uezd and Yalutorovsky Uezd.
In 1822, the Omsk Uezd and other territories were transferred to the Omsk Oblast (until 1838); the uezds of the Tobolsk Governorate were renamed okrugs, and the new Tyukalinsky Okrug was formed (which remained until 1838).
In 1838, the okrug city of Omsk became part of the Tobolsk Governorate.
In 1868 Omsk was transferred to the newly formed the Akmolinsk Oblast. The Surgut Okrug was newly formed by separation from the Berezovsky Okrug.
In 1876, the Omsk District was transformed into the Tyukalinsky District.
Tobolsk Governorate was among the 17 regions recognized as seriously affected during the famine of 1891–1892.
In 1898, the okrugs of the governorate were renamed uyezds.
In 1885, permanent traffic was opened along the railway lines Yekaterinburg–Tura (Tyumen), and in 1896 Chelyabinsk–Omsk–Novonikolaevsk of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
20th century
Between 1909 and 1916, Sergey Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky, pioneer of color photography, traveled a significant part of the Russian Empire including Tobolsk Governorate, photographing ancient temples, monasteries, factories, types of cities and various household scenes.
In 1917, after the Bolsheviks came to power, the first attempt to organize Kalachinsky Uezd from part of Tyukalinsky Uezd occurred for convenient control of the remote southeastern territories of the governorate. The first member of the food committee from Kalachinsky Uezd was Yakov Martynovich Kalnin, a Latvian poet and teacher. From 1917 to 1919, in the ups and downs of the Civil War, the uezd was liquidated more than once and re-created by different authorities, transferred from the Tobolsk Governorate to the Akmolinsk Oblast (Omsk).
On 1 January (14 January), 1918, according to the decree Article No.158 of administration of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Troitskaya volost of the Tyukalinsky Uezd was included in the newly formed Tatarsky Uezd of the Akmolinsk Oblast.
On 1 February (10 February), 1918, the First Extraordinary Session of the Tobolsk Governorate Zemstvo Assembly approved the separation of Kalachinsky Uezd from Tyukalinsky Uezd; Tarsky Uezd and Tyukalinsky Uezd moved to the Omsk Oblast. Kurgan Uezd remained an independent governorate, proclaimed Tyumen Governorate with Ishimsky Uezd, Yalutorovsky Uezd, Tyumensky Uezd and Turinsky Uezd.
Soviet power was established by the spring of 1918.
On 3–5 April 1918, the Soviet governorate conference decided to transfer the administrative center from Tobolsk to Tyumen and rename the province to Tyumen. The Tobolsk Soviets opposed this and on 30 April 1918 proclaimed themselves a separate governorate.
In June 1918, the Tobolsk Governorate came under the control of the White Army. The revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion temporarily restored the status quo.
From August to November 1919, as a result of the offensive of the Eastern Front, Tyumen and Tobolsk passed to the Bolsheviks and the governorate institutions moved to Tyumen.
On 27 August 1919, by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, Tobolsk Governorate consisted of the following six uezds: Obdorsky Uezd, Beryozovsky Uezd, Surgutsky Uezd, Tobolsky Uezd, Tyumensky Uezd and Yalutorovsky Uezd. Ishimsky Uezd, Tarsky Uezd and Tyukalinsky Uezd (including the territory of Kalachinsky Uezd, which actually existed since 1918, but was not officially registered) went to the Omsk Governorate. Kurgansky Uezd became part of the Chelyabinsk Governorate.
By a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated 6 October 1919, Turin Uezd was returned to the Tobolsk Governorate.
From October 1919 to April 1920 the governorate was called either Tobolsk or Tyumen; the renaming of Tobolsk Governorate to Tyumen Governorate was finally fixed by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 21 April (2 March), 1920.
Coat of arms of the Tobolsk Governorate
The coat of arms of the Tobolsk Governorate was approved on 5 July 1878:
"In the golden shield there is a scarlet ataman's mace, on which is Yermak's black shield, round, decorated with precious stones, between two scarlet banners with black shafts and points from a spear placed obliquely across. The shield is surmounted by the Imperial crown and surrounded by golden oak leaves connected by St. Andrew's ribbon."
Demographics
The Tobolsk area long served the Tsars as a place of exile for dissidents and suspects. From its founding in 1796, the Tobolsk Governorate operated as a destination for convicts, including for the Decembrists. Sending exiled Decembrists to Siberia took two years - from 1826 to 1828. Wives, brides, sisters, and mothers of the Decembrists sentenced to hard labor voluntarily followed their men-folk to Siberia. Some of the exiles settled and remained in the Tobolsk area, even after amnesty. Others moved elsewhere. (The Russian Provisional Government moved the household of the deposed and arrested Imperial family to Tobolsk in August 1917, but the Bolsheviks transferred them to Yekaterinburg in April 1918.)
From the 18th to the early-20th centuries in the southern uyezdy (counties) of the Tobolsk province, peasant colonization continued.
The Governorate's population was 831,100 in 1846, 1,433,043 in 1897, and 2,100,000 in 1916.
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, the Tobolsk Governorate had a population of 1,433,043, of which 87,351 people lived in cities. Of these, 88.6% spoke Russian, 4.0% Siberian Tatar, 2.6% Ukrainian, 1.3% Khanty, 0.5% Kazakh, 0.5% Komi-Zyrian, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Mansi, 0.3% Nenets, 0.3% Belarusian, 0.2% Latvian, 0.2% Yiddish, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% Romani, 0.1% Mordvin, 0.1% German and 0.1% Finnish as their native language.
The religious composition of the population in 1897 was dominated by the Orthodox with 89.0%. 5.1% were Old Believers and "devoids of Orthodoxy;" 4.5% were Muslims.
The percentage of literacy was 11.3% (men 17.7%, women 5.0%)
Economics
In the southern and central regions, agriculture played the main role in the economy.
Animal husbandry developed (including deer breeding in the north of the Tobolsk province), and butter-making was common.
In the northern and central regions of the Tobolsk Governorate, hunting, fishing, collecting pine nuts (predominant among inorodtsy), woodworking, etc. were important.
Permanent traffic was opened along the Yekaterinburg–Tura (Tyumen) railway line (1885), as well as the Chelyabinsk–Omsk–Novonikolaevsk stretch (1896) of the Trans-Siberian Railway. | WIKI |
Dumbbell Overhead Carry
Key Takeaways
Does the idea of a stronger, fitter, and more toned body appeal to you? Ever heard about the Dumbbell Overhead Carry? If not, sit tight and marvel at how this one underrated workout could revolutionize your entire fitness journey.
Introduction
You might be wondering, what on earth is a Dumbbell Overhead Carry? The answer is surprisingly straightforward. It’s a simple yet profoundly effective workout that targets multiple muscle groups. Let’s dive in and learn how you can incorporate it into your exercise regimen.
Dumbbell Overhead Carry: The Basics
To perform a Dumbbell Overhead Carry, here’s what you need to do:
1. Stand upright and grip the dumbbells with an overhead grip, palms facing in.
2. Slowly lift the dumbbells, extending your arms straight above your head.
3. Without moving your upper arms, start walking. Remember to engage your core and maintain an upright posture.
4. Complete the desired amount of sets and repetitions.
Doing it right will target your Abs, Biceps, Glutes, and much more.
Expert Tips for the Dumbbell Overhead Carry
For optimal results, consider the following tips:
1. Keep your abs and glutes tight during the carry. This helps to stabilize your body.
2. Engage your shoulder muscles and tuck in your chin to protect your neck.
3. Start with lighter weights and progress to heavier ones as you get stronger.
4. Always perform this exercise on a level surface to avoid injuries.
Insightful Analysis of the Overhead Dumbbell Carry
The overhead Dumbbell Carry is more than just a physical activity. It serves as a powerful training tool capable of strengthening your muscles and enhancing your overall physique.
Frequently Asked Questions About Overhead Dumbbell Carries
1. What muscles does a Dumbbell Overhead Carry work?
This exercise primarily targets your abs, biceps, and glutes.
2. Is the Dumbbell Overhead Carry suitable for beginners?
Absolutely! This exercise can easily be scaled to suit a beginner’s level of competence.
3. Are there any risks to performing Dumbbell Overhead Carry?
As with any exercise, poor form or using weights that are too heavy can lead to injuries. Always start light and gradually progress.
4. Can I substitute Dumbbell Overhead Carry with another exercise?
Yes, you can substitute this exercise with exercises like the Farmer’s Walk or the Kettlebell Swing, which target similar muscle groups.
6. What are the benefits of Dumbbell Overhead Carry?
This exercise boosts your overall strength, improves your posture, and ultimately delivers a total body workout.
Remember, correct form and consistency are key when performing the Dumbbell Overhead Carry. The journey to fitness may be tough but seeing the results will truly be worth it. So, grip those dumbbells and start your journey today!
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2023–24 Summit League women's basketball season
The 2023–24 Summit League women's basketball season began non-conference play on November 6, 2023. Conference play started on December 29, 2023. This was the seventeenth season of women's basketball play under the Summit League name and the forty-second overall for the conference. The Summit League tournament took place from March 8–12, 2024. South Dakota State won the tournament, beating North Dakota State in the tournament final, and advanced to the NCAA tournament. North Dakota State, Oral Roberts, and South Dakota played in the 2024 Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT).
Conference changes
Just after the conclusion of the Spring regular season, Western Illinois announced they would be leaving the Summit League on July 1, 2023, and joining the Ohio Valley Conference in all sports except men's soccer (which will join the OVC the following fall). The Leathernecks were the only remaining charter member of the Mid-Continent Conference.
Preseason
The preseason Summit League women's basketball poll was released on October 10, 2023.
Preseason poll
First place votes in parentheses
* 1) South Dakota State (27) – 577
* 2) North Dakota State (5) – 526
* 3) South Dakota (2) – 485
* 4) North Dakota – 434
* 5) Oral Roberts (1) – 357
* 6) Omaha – 263
* 7) Denver (1) – 233
* 8) St. Thomas – 203
* 9) Kansas City – 174
Records against other conferences
2023–24 records against non-conference foes as of January 6, 2024:
Regular season
Post Season
Record against ranked non-conference opponents
This is a list of games against ranked opponents only (rankings from the AP Poll): Summit League teams in Bold
Team rankings are reflective of AP poll when the game was played, not current or final ranking
† denotes game was played on neutral site ^ denotes NCAA tournament game
Conference matrix
The matrix represents head-to-head matchups within the conference. As of March 2, 2024
Points scored
Through March 30, 2024
National Television Games
Before the 2023-24 season began, the Summit League announced a new media deal with CBS Sports Network that would show up to 12 regular season games (6 guaranteed men's games) on the network, as well as moving the league's tournament final games to CBSSN. The women's tournament semifinal games will also be broadcast on CBSSN. On October 18, 2023, the Summit League and CBS Sports Network announced the league's 2023-24 slate of games to appear on the network throughout the conference season. Those games and any others that league members will play are listed here.
Summit League members in bold
Home attendance
Bold - Exceed capacity
As of March 2, 2024
Does not include exhibition games
Head coaches
Note: Stats shown are before the beginning of the season. Overall and Summit League records are from time at current school.
Notes:
* † St. Thomas joined the Summit League in the summer of 2021.
* Overall and Summit League records, conference titles, etc. are from time at current school and are through the end the 2022–23 season.
* NCAA tournament appearances are from time at current school only.
Players of the week
Throughout the conference regular season, the Summit League offices named one or two players of the week each Monday.
All-League Honors
The All-Summit League teams and individual awards were announced on March 7, ahead of the Summit League tournament.
Summit League tournament
All 9 teams qualify for the Summit League tournament. The tournament is held at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. It will be held from March 8 to March 12, 2024.
NCAA tournament
Only South Dakota State was selected to participate in the tournament as the conference's automatic bid.
WNIT
North Dakota State, Oral Roberts, and South Dakota were selected to participate in the tournament as at-large bids. | WIKI |
S
A simple childhood experiment, involving basic stuff that anyone could find around the house, provides you with a simple means to make both a chemical and physical weapon. Find out how to split ordinary water into two different dangerous gases, and cause two different explosions.
Top image: Water and Fire, by Serg64/Shutterstock.com
Would you believe they can get a chemical weapon and an explosive with just some household ingredients? And that this has been used as a way to teach kids about electricity and water for generations? To do the miniature version of this experiment, just grab a glass, a nine volt battery and wire, a couple of pencils, a piece of cardboard, and some salt.
Pour some water in the glass, and add just a little salt to it. Pure water is a bad conductor. It's the various stuff dissolved in it that lets it conduct electricity. The salt will help. Put a 'cap' of cardboard over the glass, with holes cut into it for the pencils. Break or sharpen the pencils so that the lead is exposed on both sides. (In actuality, we all know it's graphite and not lead, but let's move on.)
Place the pencils so that their tips extend into the water in the glass and their other end is up in the air. Attach one wire to each of the protrusions on the 9-volt battery and attach the other end of the wire to the lead of each of the pencils. Almost immediately you'll see bubbles beginning to form on each of the pencils in the water. The water is literally splitting into its components. Each water molecule is two hydrogen atoms grabbing on to one oxygen atom. Together, they form a liquid. When split apart, well, at least the hydrogen forms a gas. The hydrogen atom comes off the water molecule sans electron, making it a single, positive proton. The negative lead of one of the pencils proves irresistible for it, and it clusters around the lead lovingly.
Meanwhile, the remaining oxygen-hydrogen team has lost a proton and is electron-heavy. It starts streaking towards the negative pencil lead. This combination, however, doesn't turn to gas. And yet, gas bubbles form around the positive lead. What are they? It turns out that the dissolved salt also has a reaction to the electricity. The oxygen and hydrogen team stay liquid, the sodium stays in the liquid, and the chlorine turns to gas and clumps around the other pencil lead.
This is why the experiment technically counts as weapons manufacturing. Hydrogen gas was most famously used in the Hindenburg. Under controlled conditions (like the classroom) the experiment is concluded with the hydrogen gas being collected and ignited, making an explosion. Chlorine, meanwhile, was what was used during World War I to kill soldiers at Ypres and during other battles. It will rip apart biological molecules, including the delicate ones in the lungs, and slowly suffocate a person. Some instructions for this experiment direct people to have a good look at the color of the gas, and of the solution. If they see it turn yellow-green, or if they smell a combination of pepper and pineapple, which is what the soldiers reported smelling in World War I, it's time to pull off the wires and get out of the room.
But it's not just the two products separately that can destroy you. Many experimental set-ups, especially the bigger ones, have separated tubes that enclose the electric leads from water level upwards. This isn't just to get a pure sample of the gas. It's to keep the two gases separate from each other. Chlorine gas and hydrogen gas can explode when put together. The two elements combine and release massive amounts of energy. This isn't one of those explosions that take a lot of energy to get going. You don't need to light a match or collapse them together with a lot of force. A camera flash can set them off. What's left over when they combine? Hydrogen chloride. This is a colorless gas that grabs on atmospheric moisture and forms wisps of hydrochloric acid. So it's an explosion that leaves sudden plumes of hydrochloric acid around the room.
So in this simple experiment, you can find ways to blow yourself up twice over, dose yourself with poison gas, and bathe yourself with atmospheric acid. It's no wonder it's such a classroom tradition.
Second Image: Copyright Nevit Dilmen
Via EQ, Reekoscience, and Wisconsin University. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Flor Colón
Flor Ángel Colón (born September 26, 1969) is a retired Dominican Republic female volleyball player.
She was part of the Dominican Republic women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.
Career
Colón played the 1998-99 season of the Spanish top professional league, the Superliga Femenina de Voleibol with the club Caja Cantabria. She also played in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic with Naco, Simon Bolivar, Mirador and San Lazaro.
Clubs
* 🇪🇸 Caja Cantabria (1998–1999) | WIKI |
Hortensius (crater)
Hortensius is a small, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the Mare Insularum. It was named after 17th century Dutch astronomer Martin van den Hove (Latinized as Martinus Hortensius). It lies some distance to the west-southwest of the prominent crater Copernicus. Hortensius is circular and cup-shaped, with a small floor at the midpoint of the sloping interior walls. The interior has a higher albedo than the surrounding lunar mare, despite traces of ray material from Copernicus.
To the north of this feature is a collection of six lunar domes, many having a tiny craterlet at the summit. These are shield volcanoes that were formed by a highly viscous type of lava. The domes are generally circular in form, with a diameter of 6–8 kilometers (4–5 mi), and rising as high as 400 meters (1300 ft). They are formed of the same material as the surrounding mare, although from a different process.
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Hortensius. | WIKI |
Ross Rogers Ross Rogers - 1 year ago 40
Python Question
Why isn't my optional group greedy? /(5)?.*/
I thought that even though a group was optional
?
, that it would still be greedy and consume characters, if it could, before going to the next part of the regex.
When I specify the simplified regex
(5)?.*
versus
(5).*
(group 1 not optional), I see different behavior in python 2.7.6, even though I would expect the same behavior using the exact same string:
>>> import re
>>> s = 'before [5.5s] after'
>>> r = re.compile(r'(5)?.*')
>>> print r.search(s).groups()
(None,)
>>> r2 = re.compile(r'(5).*')
>>> print r2.search(s).groups()
('5',)
What am I not getting? Why is the first regex,
r
, not sucking up a 5?
Note: I need the theory of why, as any attempt at solving this particular regex won't help me. This is an SSCCE. I have a more complex regex and I really wish to fill in the gap of my knowledge as to why the optional group isn't being as greedy as I would have thought and would like.
Answer Source
First example:
• Your regular expression is matched against the entire string s.
• Therefore, the first character of s, which is a "b", is matched against (5)?, which doesn't result in a match. That's not a problem, however, because (5)? is an optional part of the pattern, so the regex engine matches it zero times and keeps advancing the current position in the pattern.
• The rest of the string matches the rest of the pattern, so the entire string is a match. The group (5) itself, however, didn't match anything, so you're seeing the None in your first example.
Second example:
• The 5 is no longer optional, so the first character of a potentially matching string has to be a "5". Therefore, a potential match starts at the "5" after "before [".
• In order to be a match, the remaining string has to match the remaining pattern .*, which it does.
Note that in general, using the greedy .* is almost never what you want. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Archive 2
This project is still alive
Most categories haven't been updated in a while. But the Australia one seems to be the most active one. I peridcally update various categories. I see a few others do it periodically as well. So, I hope it carries on, and beleive it will. This project is mentioned on the page giving AFD listing directions, and hopefully that will encourage more use. So, I consider active (though needing a major boost). Hence, I removed the historical tag. --Rob 05:39, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
* Is this project still active? --Ugur Basak 20:20, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
* Some of the pages are still active (NZ and Australia are, at least...), but some haven't been cleared out since they were created, and probably should be. Z iggurat 03:46, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
This project sounds good, and should really have more people (and maybe a bot or two someday) to bring it back to life. I've just listed a recent AfD on WikiProject Deletion sorting/Singapore and hopefully when I've the time, to retroactively scan WP:AFD/Yesterday and tag each AfD accordingly. Kimchi.sg 17:07, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
It is dead by De facto. If it were alive it would have more than 2 edits per month. Yeago 22:56, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
dynamic tool
Although i like the general idea about this, i think there is something wrong with it. It's maintenance havoc (if you wanna keep a bit of global overview). Besides we seem to forget that the articles usually already are categorized... Perhaps a tool such as used for stubs is more appropriate in this case ? See http://tools.wikimedia.de/~interiot/cgi-bin/queries/stub_sense?category=dutch+television&num_pages=4000&dbname=enwiki
I have no idea how to built something like that, but i suspect it will be easier to use (for users and wikiproject admins) and maintain (for the VfD admins) the deletion pages, then the current proposed sorting. - The DJ 17:09, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
* That would be good, except the toolserver isn't working correctly for the english wikipedia. When it is that's certainly something to think about. Meanwhile I'm going to try and hack up some javascript tools to make sorting easier. the wub "?!" 09:24, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
* Hmm... I like this idea. I've roughed up some PHP code that would take this part of the way. See http://ytrewq.net/deletion, currently showing the results from a scan of the August 9 AfD log. To generate this list, I created a text file with the URLs of all that day's AfD candidates, and used Wget to harvest those pages onto my server. The PHP generates the data from those pages (avoiding the need to repeatedly query the Wikimedia server).
* The sorting usually only needs to be done once for each day, so on first blush I think something server-side makes more sense than a client-side solution. Reduces server load, anyway.
* The ideal tool would use the database dump to generate a category map, and use that to identify which (if any) of the existing Deletion Sorting pages are appropriate. That information could then be passed to a bot which would update the DS pages automatically. If we could set something like that up, this project might actually be workable (although it would then rely on the category tags already placed on articles).
* Anyway, thanks for bringing up this idea. Cheers, -- Visviva 13:35, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
* That's pretty awesome, and way more advanced than what I was thinking of. However it stumbles when it comes to the large number of articles that come to AFD without any categories on at all. Definitely something to pursue though. the wub "?!" 20:17, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
Progress report
1. Automatic category matching (Status: Poor). OK, back when the above was written, I had the notion that (of course!) one of the things in the database dumps would be a dump of category relationships. As it turns out, that's not the case; if you want to create such a file, you have to download the entire current text of Wikipedia and run your own script on it. I have done so, and am now the proud owner of a 272,000-line SQL table containing all category relationships as of August 10 2006. Unfortunately, that doesn't get us very far, since:
* a. It's (inevitably) out of date.
* b. Wikipedia category structure is full of horrible ontological flaws, such that "Category:Turkey" becomes a 4th-generation subcat of "Category:Bulgaria." Even if we clean these up in the live wiki, they're still in the database dump and I don't know of any reliable way to exclude them.
* c. As the wub noted above, many deletion candidates are uncategorized, and almost none are fully categorized; thus any category-based approach will only be able to do a fraction of the sorting.
* d. The script I'm currently using to map the binary relationships into a tree format for sorting is painfully slow and wasteful of system resources. This could be fixed, I'm sure, but in view of the above I don't think it's worth it.
2. Keyword matching (Status: Promising). I've incorporated this into my code, see my website for a current demo. At present, this only searches for the category name (for example, "India") in the article text. Obviously, this could be improved by defining a set of keywords for each category. However, I'd have to say the initial results are quite promising. (I was very pleased to see a fresh catch for Zambia).
3. General issues (Status: Messy).
* a. Parentheses. Currently this approach does not identify second, third, etc. nominations, thus the suggestion erroneously points toward the first AfD subpage for a given article. Articles identified parenthetically (X (music)) are also misfiled. Should be fairly easy to fix.
* b. Page overlaps are not properly accounted for. For instance, a deletion listed under "Schools" should not also be listed under "Education." Again, this should be fixable. However, we might consider whether it doesn't make more sense to replace the current tree structure with a truly flat one (no transclusion between pages).
* c. No distinction is made between closed (speedied) discussions and others. The person using the data has to sort this out independently. This may be fixable, tho' only at the cost of doing live queries of en.wikipedia.org, always an iffy business.
* d. Even with the above issues solved, the results are unreliable and have to be checked by a human being. I don't think this is likely to change.
This approach could be fairly easily scaled to deal with IfD, MfD, CfD, etc. (maybe Prod?) as well. However, since most of those don't use subpages, such an expansion would require some adjustments to our page format. Might be something to consider during the general overhaul suggested below.
Thanks to TheDJ and the wub for stirring things up around here. Cheers, -- Visviva 09:11, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
* Update: Dumped sorted output for Aug. 14 at WikiProject Deletion sorting/Ready ... there's a lot of wonkiness in there still, but it gives us something to start with. -- Visviva 11:41, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
* Update again: Tweaked it to rank keyword results based on whether the keyword occurs in the first sentence or first paragraph. Surprisingly effective; the "best" results are almost always on the money. Check it out. (Bear in mind that at any given time I may be fooling with something.) Using these results it took me less than 2 hours to sort a full day's AfD's, although I skipped some of the general sortpages like "People" (which we might want to ditch anyway). -- Visviva 20:58, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
Reform and Revival
OK, I'm extremely keen to try and revive this (did it ever really get started?). However I think we need to make some changes:
* I have to say I don't agree with some of the goals on the project page. In my opinion this system should run concurrently to the current day logs of AFD, not try to replace them. Not only is this less ridiculously ambitious, it should help the project attract more support. From comments at AfD reform it appears a large number of people are in favour of some form of AFD categorisation, including Jimbo. There have already been a number of people pointing to this project.
* The categorisation should be easy and voluntary. The AFD process is confusing enough to newbies already, and I still have to check what I'm doing or use a script when I list something at AFD. I think the current method of this project, that anyone can help by adding the delsort template and adding the debate to the relevant list at any time during the debate is ideal. If we make it easy enough, and useful, then people will hopefully start doing it themselves.
* Related to making sorting easier, I've worked up a little script User:The wub/deletionsorting.js. It adds a series of links in the toolbox when editing an AFD which add the appropriate tag to the AFD, and also adds the debate to the correct list. At the moment it is still a work in progress, comments and improvements are very welcome. The main problem is that few of the categories are added. This is because...
* The current categorisation is a bit of a mess. We could really do with sorting it out before doing much else. There is useful (if slightly old) information at the beta test page, and more discussion of categories at AfD reform. WikiProject Stub Sorting might also be useful for advice.
* Do we really want to keep closed debates (e.g. at WikiProject Deletion sorting/UK/Closed)? Personally I think that these may have been appropriate when the project was proposed, but with the broader categories that I think we should move towards, not to mention the increase in AFD throughput, they will probably become unmanageable. If we do keep them then they should almost certainly be converted to plain links to the debates rather than transclusions.
* The listing pages need to be maintained. A bot would be perfect for this, and I have asked at Bot requests. Such a bot could easily remove closed debates or move them to a closed page as desired.
* Once all this is sorted, we need to publicise. We should notify other WikiProjects if we have a sorting category relevant to them, after all there's not much point sorting these things if no one sees our work.
Phew, I think that's the longest commment I've ever written on Wikipedia. Let's hope someone agrees. the wub "?!" 21:10, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
* I agree. ;-) ... In more detail:
* Yeah, the goals are kind of out of date... the near-term goal of this project was always to do as you say; the longer-term goal rose out of some rather forgettable events of a year ago, and is probably best forgotten.
* Yep. But experience has shown that without some automation, this cannot work on a global scale.
* Cool.
* Yep. In general, I think the key thing is that deletion-sorting pages need to correspond to an existing community of interest (ideally an active noticeboard or WikiProject).
* In most cases, probably not, because they aren't useful. However, they might be useful for specific article types (webcomics &c.) where such a body of precedent can provide a basis for bottom-up policy revision.
* Yep.
* Yep. Did some work in that direction when this project was active, but that was, um, about a year ago.
* Thanks for taking an interest here. Hope you stick around and we can finally get this to work. -- Visviva 15:27, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
Goals
I commented out the entire "Goals" section on project page, sinced it doesn't really correspond to anything we're working on now. New versions welcome. -- Visviva 09:36, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
Sorting
I've deposited the August 15th suggestions at ./Ready. I won't sort them myself for a few hours yet, in case someone else would like to try out this new arrangement. There's still a lot of wonkiness in the system, but I think you'll be favorably impressed (especially if you've ever tried to sort a day's deletions by hand). -- Visviva 00:46, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
* I've had a go at some of them, doesn't seem to have done too bad a job. the wub "?!" 10:05, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
Update
See User:Visviva/Test for a revised sort of the August 15th AfDs. Here I've added keywords for sortpages A-C, and combined category and keyword matches into a ranking system. Articles get 4 points for having a keyword in the first sentence, 2 for having it in the first paragraph, and 1 for anywhere in the article text; they also get 3 points for a category match. This seems to work much better, and after some wrinkles are smoothed out this could perhaps be automated.
Problems:
* 1) Currently the "first-sentence" scan is searching for the first period after the first five words; this is not reliable (abbreviations like "St." throw it off, and not all deletion candidates are punctuated). I'll probably change "first sentence" to "first 10 words" or something of that nature. (Might also change "first paragraph" to "first 100(?) words in first paragraph.")
* 2) Some categories are particularly difficult. For instance, the script threw up a lot of false positives for "Authors" because almost every book for deletion starts with a sentence like "X is a ... book by the famous ... author Y." This leads me to wonder whether we really need these categories ("authors," "athletes," etc.) -- do these sortpages really correspond to a community of interest?
* 3) There are certain cases like "Ireland" vs. "Northern Ireland" (to say nothing of "Georgia" vs. "Georgia") that need to be sorted by hand.
* 4) One has to be careful with keywords -- I foolishly added "player" as a keyword for "Athletes" and ended up with a pageful of false positives.
With the exception of the problematic categories in #2 & #3 above, this new approach is almost perfect for those articles scoring more than 4. When I skipped the "authors" and "athletes" sections, I found only one goofup in the first 17 results that scored above 4. And that one (due to a run-on first paragraph) can probably be eliminated with the tweaks described in #1. This would put us in a position to automate about 90% of the existing sortpages (./Flat), and then we can figure out what to do with the remainder. -- Visviva 06:32, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
2nd update
There have been some definite improvements in the last few runs. Most remaining problems are limited to a handful of pages that are problematic in any case, like "Internet" and "Businesses." I have turned off support for a number of those pages, which in many cases don't seem to correspond to any community of interest.
We're not quite ready for the big time yet, but getting there. There are still a handful of really bizarre false positives showing up which I can't quite figure out, like the battery Eneloop getting a high relevance score for "Schools." Aside from that, the remaining problems have more to do with sortpage definition than anything.
You can retrieve the current output at. Today's has already been dealt with, but I've set up a crontab that *should* automatically reset that page to the next day's output at around 00:30 UTC -- we'll see if it works. -- Visviva 12:59, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
* It should work next time. :-) -- Visviva 03:36, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* all right, it still isn't working. pathetic, huh? :-) -- Visviva 11:59, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
Structural reform
OK, if we're going to make much more progress here we need to work on WikiProject Deletion sorting/Flat. This was just a rough draft in the first place, and really needs to be replaced with something a little more polished.
When this project started, the idea was to create a system where every candidate for deletion would be sorted onto at least one page. Thus, pages like "Sports" and "Internet" were created which don't really correspond to any definite community of interest. A tree-like structure of transcluded lists was envisioned (see WikiProject Deletion sorting/Beta). But that really hasn't worked out. Furthermore -- perhaps contrary to expectations -- I've found that a few big lists are more of a maintenance headache than a lot of little ones.
Going forward, we need to focus our energies on those pages which correspond to real communities of interest (whether or not those communities are especially active on Wikipedia).
I think it would be nice to have a sortpage for every country, US state and Canadian province. Often those with local knowledge can contribute a great deal to deletion discussions. We don't have to actually create those pages until there's a match, but the program should be looking for them. (Otherwise, how will we ever know that there have been Uzbekistan-related deletions?) The nice thing about geographic sortpages is that it's fairly easy to identify corresponding keywords and categories.
There are some pages which need to be eliminated, sidelined or redefined:
* Social science
* Computers
* Internet
* Sports
* Arts
* Education (?)
* Events
* Music
* Business (possibly Businesses and Businesspeople too?)
* Organizations and programs
* People (and perhaps all subcategories; is there really a distinct community of interest for "Authors" as opposed to "Writing"?)
The problem with many of these is simply that they are over-broad. There is IMO no community of interest for "Music," but there are tens if not hundreds of Wikipedian communities of interest for specific musical genres. So in the long term, we may want to create more specific pages to replace those above. But in the short term there is no percentage in maintaining these large, unwieldy pages that serve no particular purpose. -- Visviva 04:30, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry I've not been around much recently, I've been digging through the backlog at CFD as well as feeding my new addiction. Anyway I made a list of possible categories at User:The wub/deletionsorting, though I get the feeling you're going to disagree with a lot of them. On things like Music I feel that we should gather opinions from people who not necesssarily know the particular genre etc. but people who have a good knowledge/opinion of what makes a music article worthy or not of inclusion (WP:MUSIC, AMG presence etc.) Our standards should be similar for all music articles, and in the long term hopefully grouping discussions like this will allow us to develop better and firmer standards. Plus there is the other point of AFD often acting like 'a cleanup tag on steroids', if an article does turn out to be worthy of keeping then references are added, stuff gets wikified, and the more people around to help the better. I am very keen on keeping the regional categories though, even those that hardly get any traffic, I just haven't bothered to put them in that list. the wub "?!" 19:22, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* I've actually come around more to your way of thinking since writing the above. Particularly in the case of Music (although I think it's also useful to have smaller lists if there is demand -- I don't think there's too much danger of segmentation).
* Some of the lists you're proposing are ones (like "People"/"Biography" and "Technology") that I've been inclined to abandon as unmaintainable. This is partly due to my experience from blundering toward some kind of semi-automated sorting system -- very broad categories like these don't seem to be easily defined by keywords. For instance, the word "author" will also appear prominently in articles about books by "the famous Foovian author Ms. Bar." And the obvious keywords like "person" and "biography" don't usually appear in bio-stubs at all! So while such lists would be useful -- and allow us to dream of 100% sorting -- I don't think they can be easily implemented in practice. (I'm happy to be persuaded otherwise, though). ...of course, such lists can always be maintained by hand, but that kind of work gets very discouraging very quickly. -- Visviva 18:01, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
Javascript Tagging Tool
I noticed that the folks over at CVG-related deletions have a nifty little tool, and I've adapted it for somewhat more general use. Unfortunately it still is limited to 1 deletion-sorting page, so doesn't do me much good... but it should be a help for those with a topic-specific interest (and they're our target audience anyhow).
See Template:Deltab for more details, code and instructions. I'm not much for JavaScript -- I just tweaked the CVG code a bit -- so if anyone can improve it please do so. -- Visviva 15:28, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
Accuracy reports
See: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Accuracy reports
* That page speaks of an automated tool; does anyone know where that tool can be found, and perhaps explain why it isnt in use? John Vandenberg 06:30, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
Prod et al.
I've been thinking about how best to integrate those forms of deletion that don't use subpages -- Prod, CfD, IfD, TfD and RfD (maybe others?). Some of the independently-maintained sorting pages have put these in-line with (usually above) the AfDs. However, I'm not sure if this is ideal, since these can't be "read" on-page in the way that AfDs and MfDs can be. I'm leaning towards some kind of sidebar. I've added a sidebar to ./Template -- comments and improvements are welcome. Especially improvements; I'm not good with tables.
I've also started turning my still-imperfect script loose on prods. See a sort of the Aug. 23 prods here: WikiProject Deletion sorting/Prodsort. I will try to keep dumping this daily, but probably won't actually distribute them to the individual lists myself; however, anyone is welcome to do so (and to comment on any strange errors in the sorting). -- Visviva 17:40, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
On hold
At present my contributions are on hold, until I get my Linux box hooked up again. Moving is such a hassle...
On that note, let me thank the maintainers of ./Japan, ./Anime and manga, ./India, ./Australia -- and others -- for their hard work in maintaining those topical pages. -- Visviva 17:09, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
AfD categories
AfD categories is now "official policy", and seems to be having some success. I'm not sure where this leaves this project :-/ the wub "?!" 10:43, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
* I don't quite see the contradiction between the two... the AfD categories should relieve us of some burden for maintaining the big & messy categories, but do nothing at all in terms of more specific/user-relevant sorting. Certainly this would be a good time to reorganize things a bit further.
* By the way, is back online, but still running from the old system. -- Visviva 02:40, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
Project directory
Hello. The WikiProject Council has recently updated the WikiProject Council/Directory. This new directory includes a variety of categories and subcategories which will, with luck, potentially draw new members to the projects who are interested in those specific subjects. Please review the directory and make any changes to the entries for your project that you see fit. There is also a directory of portals, at User:B2T2/Portal, listing all the existing portals. Feel free to add any of them to the portals or comments section of your entries in the directory. The three columns regarding assessment, peer review, and collaboration are included in the directory for both the use of the projects themselves and for that of others. Having such departments will allow a project to more quickly and easily identify its most important articles and its articles in greatest need of improvement. If you have not already done so, please consider whether your project would benefit from having departments which deal in these matters. It is my hope that all the changes to the directory can be finished by the first of next month. Please feel free to make any changes you see fit to the entries for your project before then. If you should have any questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you. B2T2 13:35, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
Leaving
Hi,
Since I've been the principal contributor here, I think I should formally mention that I'm withdrawing from the project. I still think this can work, and would be a benefit to Wikipedia, but am not prepared to devote the time and energy that would be needed to make it work. If & when anyone tries to start this up again in a systematic way, please drop me a line -- I'm still happy to help out when I can.
Thanks to all the people who have worked on this project, and especially to those who continue maintaining various subpages. Best, -- Visviva 13:53, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
What is the precedence on userpages?
Hello, User:GabrielF/ConspiracyNoticeboard is currently up for deletion. My question: I am wondering what the precedence is on deleting userpages which encourage others to comment a certain way in AfDs and on wikipolicy.
Spam and User page don't seem to address this particular issue. I am simply asking what the AfD precedent is. Thanks in advance. Best wishes, Travb (talk) 02:18, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
* Why not just move User:GabrielF/ConspiracyNoticeboard to Wikipedia namespace, as a subpage of this WikiProject? This particular page is a list of articles for deletion where the discriminant is whether an article is a conspiracy; however the subject of the page is a much heated debate. Things like this shouldn't go in the user namespace anyways, and this user page can have a much better life as a part of this WikiProject. Regards, Tuxide of WikiProject Retailing 07:34, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
* This is starting to reach the point of harassment. If GabrielF wants to have a subuser page, let him have it. The page has been through two MFDs already. If you or someone else wants to maintain a Wikiproject by the same name, have at it. Nobody is stopping you. The Illuminated Master of USEBACA 16:51, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
* I derived my proposal from those MFD discussions. Although the result of one of them was keep, it should read as kept without prejudice against a consensus move/redirect because that idea was brought up there. Regards, Tuxide 23:38, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
* I have no objection to moving the page if the wikiproject wants it.GabrielF 12:57, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
* I have created WikiProject Deletion sorting/Conspiracy theories. We'll see what happens. Personally, I liked being able to comment on AfDs and add misc. discussions, deletion reviews, and XfDs, but if this is the best way to do it... GabrielF 15:18, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
Wikipedia Day Awards
Hello, all. It was initially my hope to try to have this done as part of Esperanza's proposal for an appreciation week to end on Wikipedia Day, January 15. However, several people have once again proposed the entirety of Esperanza for deletion, so that might not work. It was the intention of the Appreciation Week proposal to set aside a given time when the various individuals who have made significant, valuable contributions to the encyclopedia would be recognized and honored. I believe that, with some effort, this could still be done. My proposal is to, with luck, try to organize the various WikiProjects and other entities of wikipedia to take part in a larger celebrartion of its contributors to take place in January, probably beginning January 15, 2007. I have created yet another new subpage for myself (a weakness of mine, I'm afraid) at User talk:Badbilltucker/Appreciation Week where I would greatly appreciate any indications from the members of this project as to whether and how they might be willing and/or able to assist in recognizing the contributions of our editors. Thank you for your attention. Badbilltucker 18:41, 30 December 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Catherine Weaver
Catherine Weaver is a fictional character in the television series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, which aired on Fox from 2008 to 2009. The character, portrayed by singer Shirley Manson, recurs throughout the second and final season, debuting in its premiere episode.
Weaver is a Terminator, a fictional line of androids featured throughout the eponymous franchise. She is identified off-screen as a T-1001. Like the T-1000, she is made of a liquid metal which allows her to shapeshift into other people or objects. These effects were achieved through computer-generated imagery, created by Entity FX.
In the series, the character has taken the place of Catherine Weaver, the co-founder of ZeiraCorp who died some time prior to the season's events. Under her new identity, the Terminator becomes CEO and commences development of an artificial intelligence, later known as John Henry.
The character marked Manson's acting debut. She had grown tired of musical performing and took on acting as a new challenge, though she initially knew little about her character's intentions, and was surprised at how large the role turned out to be. Manson found that portraying a machine was harder than expected, and was initially overwhelmed in her new role, but ultimately enjoyed the experience. Her acting received a mixed reception.
Abilities
The character is a Terminator, identified off-screen as a T-1001. Commonly known as Catherine Weaver, she is made of a liquid metal, allowing her to shapeshift into other people. Her human name comes from the woman who she most frequently impersonates. In addition to copying humans' appearances, she can mimic their voices as well, although she has trouble expressing natural dialogue and human emotions, regardless of who she is impersonating. Besides people, she can also morph into various objects, for instance turning her arms into bladed weapons. A portion of her body is disguised as an eel and kept in a fish tank at her office.
Weaver shares her mimicking abilities with the T-1000, who appears in the film Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Shirley Manson, who portrays Weaver, said of the two characters that "it's almost like an upgrade from one television set to the other." Stunt coordinator Joel Kramer said of Weaver, "She's the same liquid metal model, basically. She can morph into whatever she wants, to a point. Any inanimate object as long as there are no moving parts."
Background story
Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles is set around 2008. Before the T-1001's arrival from the future, Catherine Weaver and her husband Lachlan had founded ZeiraCorp, a technology company. Lachlan, a helicopter pilot, publicly died in a 2005 crash, and Catherine died around the same time, both events occurring off-screen. However, Catherine continued to live on through the T-1001, which copied her appearance and replaced Lachlan as CEO of ZeiraCorp. The T-1001 (commonly known as Weaver) uses this position to pursue her goal of developing an artificial intelligence.
The Weavers left behind a young daughter named Savannah, now raised by the Catherine Weaver doppelganger, who struggles with human emotions and interaction. Savannah is unaware that her mother is now a machine, although she does notice a change in her behavior after Lachlan's death. The new Weaver is initially unsure of how to parent Savannah, who seems frightened and uncomfortable around her.
In 2027, humans are led by John Connor in a war against machines. The latter are led by Skynet, an artificial intelligence that launched a nuclear attack on humanity in 2011, an event known as Judgment Day. Several episodes include segments set during the future war. In a two-part episode, Jesse Flores and other human resistance fighters are sent to retrieve a package in Skynet territory, purportedly for John. However, they question the mission and the contents of the package. They open it to investigate and wind up unleashing the T-1001. The machine tells Jesse to relay a message: "Tell John Connor the answer is no." Cameron, a reprogrammed Terminator who is John's closest ally, later informs Jesse that the T-1001 had been asked, "Will you join us?"
Later, Cameron travels back in time to protect teenage John and his mother, Sarah Connor. The trio work to prevent Judgment Day; Weaver seems unaware of their existence for much of the series, and vice versa.
Season two
As the second season begins, the Weaver doppelganger acquires the Turk, an advanced computer created by the late Andy Goode. She diverts company resources to develop an artificial intelligence known as Babylon, using the Turk as a starting point. As part of the project, she also recruits FBI agent James Ellison to find and capture a Terminator for research, while suggesting to him that one was responsible for Lachlan's crash. Until the series finale, Ellison is unaware that Weaver is a machine. On several occasions, she secretly uses her shapeshifting ability to impersonate other people and further her goals. For instance, she briefly takes on a new identity as a business executive and purchases several nuclear power plants, one of which will later be used by the human resistance as a base.
Early in the season, unsure of what to do with Savannah, Weaver takes her to see Dr. Boyd Sherman, a family psychologist. Savannah confides that she misses her "old mommy", and Sherman relays this to Weaver, believing the latter has become emotionally withdrawn as a result of Lachlan's death. Weaver then makes an effort to learn more about her human counterpart, to improve her impersonation and parenting.
The developing Babylon A.I. is deemed to have the mind of a young child, and Weaver soon hires Sherman as a consultant, believing him ideal to teach it. Cromartie, a T-888 sent from the future to kill John, is eventually disabled by the Connors. Ellison later retrieves the body and delivers it to Weaver. Meanwhile, Sherman renames the A.I. project "John Henry", after the folklore character. Some time later, a power outage traps Sherman in the ZeiraCorp basement, where John Henry is located. The A.I., in control of the building's electrical systems, redirects power and ventilation for its mainframe. John Henry shows no remorse upon learning that these actions inadvertently led to Sherman dying of heat exposure.
Weaver has Cromartie's body hooked up to John Henry as a physical embodiment. She also convinces Ellison, a religious man, to replace Sherman and teach John Henry morals and the value of human life. Weaver views John Henry as a second child, later calling him "our boy" when talking with Ellison. John Henry, though still confined to the basement, is connected to the Internet and begins learning at a rapid rate. The A.I. quickly identifies Weaver as a machine, but obeys her instruction not to tell anyone, stating that everything she does is for his benefit. She proceeds to massacre employees at a warehouse and then destroys it with explosives. The facility had been operated by the Kaliba Group, which is connected to Skynet.
Later, John Henry is temporarily hacked by Skynet, and he soon wishes to learn more about his counterpart. In the series finale, Weaver sends Ellison to ask Cameron the same question posed in 2027: "Will you join us?" Although Cameron denies having knowledge of what this means, she is visibly upset and orders Ellison to leave. Sarah and John, who suspect that Weaver is building Skynet, go with Ellison to meet her at ZeiraCorp. They soon discover Weaver's true nature when she uses her shapeshifting abilities to form a shield, protecting them from a flying enemy drone. Weaver reveals to the Connors that they actually share a common enemy in Skynet, which John is destined to fight with the help of John Henry. The group soon learn that John Henry has traveled to the future, having gained full mobility with Cameron's CPU chip; though she had been sent to kill John Henry, she instead voluntarily gave him the chip.
Weaver and John jump forward in time to find John Henry; Sarah and Ellison decline to go with them, and Weaver instructs the latter to pick up Savannah from her gymnastics class. John and Weaver arrive in a post-Judgment Day future in which he is not known to the human resistance. Although they arrive naked, Weaver forms clothing a moment later. After briefly talking to John, Weaver retreats as the resistance approaches, leaving her whereabouts unknown.
Casting and portrayal
Shirley Manson, the lead singer in the band Garbage, was cast as Catherine Weaver in May 2008, while the band was on hiatus. Actress Sigourney Weaver was initially envisioned in the role, inspiring the character's surname. Outside of music videos, Manson had never acted before, and her casting was met with skepticism. She had wanted to act for years, but up to that point had never found a project interesting enough for her to sign on.
Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles was created by Josh Friedman. Manson was friends with Friedman's wife, who told Manson that he was interested in casting her as a Terminator, the only role she would be interested in playing. Manson did not realize it would be a recurring role, instead expecting it to consist of a fight scene with another character. As a fan of the first two Terminator films, she agreed to try out for the role: "It was a trigger response because I'm a big Terminator fan. I auditioned the next day and got the part before I really understood the full implications of what I'd gotten myself into."
Initially, Manson only had the script to the season premiere, and knew little about the character: "I wasn't told where she would go and I didn't know what she was there for, which is kind of hard – particularly for an inexperienced actor." The writers themselves had yet to determine the character's full storyline. Manson gradually learned more about Weaver and her intentions as filming progressed. Savannah Weaver is introduced several episodes into the season, and this helped Manson to better understand her character. She would later be surprised by how big of a role Weaver had in the show. Initially, Weaver is suggested to the audience as an antagonist trying to build Skynet. Friedman sought to avoid a stereotypical portrayal by making the character a Terminator: "I didn't want to do just the basic evil corporate type."
Manson had become "too comfortable" with musical performing and took on acting as a new challenge. She was initially nervous and overwhelmed in her new role, lacking confidence in herself, while occasional last-minute script changes contributed to her uneasiness. Nevertheless, Manson called the experience enjoyable. She found the gradual unveiling of her character and backstory to be beneficial in retrospect, as it reduced pressure on her by concealing the importance of the role early on. She also felt that her past experience with music videos helped prepare her for acting as far as "where the camera is and how some of the actual technicalities work and so on".
Manson believed that audiences had a preconceived view of her as a beginning actor: "I realized that I was opening myself up for a lot of criticism and I knew, myself, that my work wasn't perfect." Manson had significant screentime with Richard T. Jones (Ellison) and Garret Dillahunt (John Henry), who both offered acting tips and support. Her portrayal was inspired by the character Patty Hewes in the series Damages, and by British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, both of whom she viewed as powerful women. Manson described Weaver as "a very subversive" and "incredibly self-assured, empowered" character in a male corporate environment, making her "a scary individual" as a result.
She found that portraying a machine was harder than expected: "They're very economical with their movements and undemonstrative as possible, which as a musician is challenging." She modeled her robotic acting on the performances of Terminator film actors Arnold Schwarzenegger (T-800) and Robert Patrick (T-1000), and said of her own character, "I wanted to bring a sort of silliness to her and that was a deliberate choice of mine. Whether you love it or hate it, that was my choice". Weaver (the human and thus the machine doppelganger) was written as Scottish, incorporating Manson's real-life accent like the films did with Schwarzenegger's Terminator. In one episode, Manson briefly portrays the human Catherine Weaver through an old interview alongside Lachlan, marking their only appearance on the show. The scene had to be shot a second time after the original footage was lost.
The second season aired on Fox from 2008 to 2009. It ran for 22 episodes, with Manson appearing in 17. The series was not renewed for a third season. As of 2021, Manson had not seen the show since its initial airing but called her character a "dream role".
Terminator reveal and effects
Weaver is revealed to the audience as a Terminator in her first episode, when she takes the form of a urinal to eavesdrop on two employees, Mr. Murch and Mr. Tuck; the latter disagrees with her decision to divert his department's resources to her A.I. project. After Murch leaves, Tuck mutters to himself that Weaver is a bitch. She then reveals herself and forms a blade out of her finger, which she uses to kill him. Manson enjoyed the scene, and said that Friedman found it amusing as "every man's nightmare, sort of a male bastion, if you like, of security in the urinal. I think he liked the idea of a woman who had already irritated this particular man being able to infiltrate somewhere where he felt he was very safe." Friedman denied that Weaver's reveal as a Terminator came sooner than initially planned. The word "Terminator" is uttered only once in the show, when Sarah learns for herself that Weaver is a machine and accuses her of building Skynet, calling her a "lying Terminator bitch."
Weaver's shapeshifting effects were achieved through computer-generated imagery (CGI), created by Entity FX. The effects crew studied the T-1000's shapeshifting abilities in Terminator 2 as a reference. Although such effects had come down in cost over the years, they were still time-consuming. Particular attention was paid to the urinal scene, as it marked the first shapeshifting effects for the show. Entity's senior visual effects supervisor, Mat Beck, said the crew "tried various paths which looked more or less believable, or even comic. It took some experimentation to adjust the details of when and where her head appears."
A 360-degree scan of Manson's face and body was conducted to create a digital version of Weaver, used for the character's full-body transformations. Manson would act out her dialogue in such instances, while the digital effects would be added later in post-production. CGI was used for the sequence in which Weaver slaughters employees at the Kaliba warehouse, using her arms as blades. Manson acted out the scene with real actors standing in as Weaver's victims, while CGI blades were superimposed over her arms in post-production.
Critical response
Manson's acting received a mixed reception. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger, reviewing the season premiere, wrote that she "has an interesting visual presence, but she's not much of an actress yet." He added that Manson's most prominent scene, involving the urinal, is "unintentionally funny". Sepinwall was later disappointed that Weaver and the Connors do not meet until the finale, calling it one of many creative mistakes made by Friedman during the second season.
Travis Fickett of IGN, reviewing the premiere, wrote that Manson "doesn't quite fit yet. She's not bad, but she doesn't seem comfortable in the role. Or perhaps it's the writers who don't feel comfortable with the character yet. Whatever the case it seems strange to give her a Jetsons wardrobe and hairdo. In a show that is very grounded, Manson seems out of place and more over the top than the rest of the characters." As an example, he cited Weaver's Terminator reveal in the bathroom, a scene that "feels a bit squandered" and "could have come off better".
Five episodes into the season, Fickett found Weaver's storyline to be sluggish and tonally incompatible with the show. He added: "If we never see Weaver standing in her office, her back to Ellison as she says cryptic things – that will be too soon. It might be time to declare that Weaver just doesn't work. It's not necessarily that Shirley Manson doesn't work in the role – but the role itself doesn't seem to be going anywhere." As the season progressed, Fickett praised the character for becoming "more overtly 'robotic' and evil – as opposed to her constant and cryptic speechifying." He ultimately praised Weaver as a "fascinating" character who "seemed something more than a machine." He also praised the show for capitalizing on Manson's "somewhat otherworldly look".
Early in the season, Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club called Manson a "terrible actress", but partially changed his position upon airing of a subsequent episode: "At the very least, she finally gets something to do beyond make snide comments and fail to be menacing." Handlen said of the episode, which introduces Dr. Sherman: "It's hilarious, creepy, and a little sad, watching Weaver try to impress both her 'adopted' child and Sherman with her learned humanity." Billy Grifter, writing for Den of Geek, wrote that Weaver's "reactions to the child and therapist are perfect examples of the limitations of her programming, and of their inability to blend with humanity perfectly." He stated that scenes between the machine and Savannah "are always chilling", a view shared by Gem Seddon of Inverse, who later called them "some of the most shuddering sequences in the whole series".
Handlen found the machine characters, including Weaver, to be the show's most compelling aspect. Regarding her attempt to express sympathy about the late Lachlan Weaver, Handlen wrote that "watching something without emotion trying to puzzle its way through grief is entertaining". Ryan Keefer of DVD Talk noted that a Terminator "hasn't been placed in a truly maternal role before," and found Manson to be a "capable actress," writing that her role "as an emotionless being trying to figure out how to be a mother is one of the season's better performances".
About halfway through the season, Doug Norrie of CinemaBlend expressed uncertainty about whether Manson was the best or worst actress on the show: "She seems so robotic and creepy which makes me think she is awesome. But she is so robotic and creepy that maybe she just stinks. I don’t know." SFX subsequently wrote, "If there was one failsafe role a pop-star could be trusted not to screw up it should be the emotionless, expressionless killing machines of the Terminator franchise. But somehow Shirley Manson manages to make even a metal machine feel wooden." Manson said of her character and performance, "I had to make her seem ridiculously awkward and not human, and of course people automatically assumed that's not a deliberate choice." Manson believed that her brief performance as the human Catherine Weaver "helped people realize that I wasn't a complete imbecile and totally talentless."
In a retrospective look at the series, Matt Fowler of IGN wrote in 2015 that Manson's addition was one of the show's best aspects, offering praise for her "striking presence" and writing that she helped the show stand out better.
Character analysis
Cynthia Fuchs, an associate professor at George Mason University, wrote in 2008 that Manson brings "exactly the sort of shiny coolness that she perfected as the vocalist for Garbage", and called Weaver "visibly malevolent in her crisp white future-suit and frighteningly sculpted red hair", viewing her like an "evil stepmother" in the overall storyline.
Lecturer Bronwen Calvert in 2017 wrote that the urinal scene functions not only as a Terminator reveal but also to emphasize Weaver as "a woman in a corporate environment, as someone who must assert herself continually." She also noted that different aspects of the character are established in the scene: "the killer cyborg, the corporate female, the 'bitch-boss'." Calvert observed that Weaver initially has no interest in mimicking human behavior, and wrote that her demeanor early in the season could be explained as her "adopting strategies suitable to women in power and connected with the stereotype of the 'bitch'," noting her "severely styled red hair and tailored, monochrome clothing." She concluded that Weaver "becomes less stony and one-dimensional" by the end of the series.
Lecturer Eve Bennett in 2019 wrote that Weaver "cannot be described as a thoroughly 'good' character because she ruthlessly massacres many humans in the course of achieving her aim", citing the warehouse sequence as an example. Nevertheless, she noted that Weaver's role – as a "powerful and soberly dressed" executive who turns out to be on the protagonists' side – "certainly contrasts with traditional representations of the female cyborg as a malevolent yet sexy 'tool'." | WIKI |
Source: libde265 Section: libs Priority: optional Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers Uploaders: Alessio Treglia , Joachim Bauch Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9.20151219), dh-autoreconf, libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, qtbase5-dev | libqt4-dev, libsdl-dev, libswscale-dev, libx11-dev, libxext-dev, libxv-dev, pkg-config Standards-Version: 3.9.6 Homepage: https://github.com/strukturag/libde265 Vcs-Git: https://alioth.debian.org/anonscm/git/pkg-multimedia/libde265.git Vcs-Browser: http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=pkg-multimedia/libde265.git Package: libde265-0 Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: Open H.265 video codec implementation libde265 is an open source implementation of the H.265 video codec. It is written from scratch in plain C for simplicity and efficiency. Its simple API makes it easy to integrate it into other software. Package: libde265-dev Section: libdevel Multi-Arch: same Architecture: any Depends: libde265-0 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends} Description: Open H.265 video codec implementation - development files libde265 is an open source implementation of the H.265 video codec. It is written from scratch in plain C for simplicity and efficiency. Its simple API makes it easy to integrate it into other software. . The development headers for compiling programs that use libde265 are provided by this package. Package: libde265-examples Section: video Architecture: any Depends: libde265-0 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: Open H.265 video codec implementation - examples libde265 is an open source implementation of the H.265 video codec. It is written from scratch in plain C for simplicity and efficiency. Its simple API makes it easy to integrate it into other software. . Sample applications using libde265 are provided by this package. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Atlantic horse mackerel
The Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), also known as the European horse mackerel or common scad, is a species of jack mackerel in the family Carangidae, which includes the jacks, pompanos and trevallies. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Europe and Africa and into the south-eastern Indian Ocean. It is an important species in commercial fisheries and is listed as a Vulnerable species on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Description
The Atlantic horse mackerel has quite a slender, quite compressed body with a large head in which the rear of the upper jaw reaches the front of the eye and the lower jaw projects beyond the upper jaw. The eye has a well developed adipose eyelid. It has two dorsal fins, the first is tall and has seven thin spines, with the final spine being much shorter than the others. The second dorsal fin is separated from the first by a narrow gap and is considerably longer than the first with 29-33 soft rays. The anal fin is about as long as the second dorsal fin and there are two separate spines at its anterior end. The moderately sized pelvic fin has a single spine and five soft rays and has its origin below the end of the pectoral fin base. A curved line of 33–40 bony scutes runs from the head to the tail, each having a small spine which increase in size and become bonier towards the tail. The lateral line has a total of 66–67 scales, of which 31–36 are scutes. It is dark blue in colour with silvery flanks and a white belly, there is a dark spot on the operculum. This species attains a maximum fork length of 60 cm, although they are normally around 25 cm and a weight of 1.5 kg.
Distribution
The Atlantic horse mackerel occurs in the north and eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. In the Atlantic it is found from Norway to South Africa where it may extend around the Cape of Good Hope along the southern African Indian Ocean coast Maputo in Mozambique. However, if Trachurus capensis is considered to be a valid species then this species is restricted to the north east Atlantic. It has been recorded in Cape Verde but is thought to occur there only as a vagrant.
Habitat and biology
The Atlantic horse mackerel is a benthopelagic species which normally occurs over sandy substrates at depths of 100-200 m, although it has been reported as deep as 1050 m and it is sometimes found nearer the surface waters. It is a migratory species, moving northwards in the summer months and returning southwards when the sea temperature starts to fall. In the north east Atlantic two stocks are recognised, the western stock spawns in a wide area from Ireland to the Bay of Biscay in the early Spring and moves northward to the southern coats of Norway and the northern North Sea in the summer. The North Sea stock spawns in the southern part of the North Sea during the summer and then migrates northwards into the central North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. Off Mauritania this species has its main spawning season in November to January while the related Cunene horse mackerel (Trachurus trecae) spawns in June and August. Off Ireland spawning occurs irregularly during the summer from June to August reaching its peak in July. The females spawn in batches, each of up to 140,000 eggs and hatching larvae 5 mm in length. Spawning is indeterminate meaning that the total number of eggs a female can produce is dependent on factors which can change over the course of a spawning season. The eggs and larvae are pelagic.
The juveniles of thus species frequently often shoal with the juveniles of other fish species, mainly Atlantic herring (Clupea clupea) and with other species of horse mackerels such as the Mediterranean horse mackerel (T. mediterraneus) and blue jack mackerel (T. picturatus). Juveniles are also often encountered sheltering in the tentacles of jellyfish. In South Africa the maximum recorded age is 24 years while 40 years of age has been recorded in the northeast Atlantic. They are thought to breed from two to four years old for females. Off Mauritania, the juveniles are caught at depths of 200-300 m while mature fish are taken in shallower waters of less than 100 m.The age and growth of the Atlantic horse mackerel vary across its extensive range and are affected by the levels to which stocks are exploited.
The diet of this species, in both juveniles and adults, is copepods, shrimps, small fishes and squids. An examination of the stomach contents of Atlantic horse mackerels caught in the Aegean Sea recorded a total of 60 different prey species which belonged to five major systematic groups, polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs, arrow worms and bony fish. Copepods, Euphasids and Mysids made up the highest percentage of food eaten. Bony fish were the secondmost numerous food ingested, while polychaeta and arrow worms were infrequently recorded food items. The diet showed very little seasonal variation with copepods and mysids making up the largest proportion of prey throughout the year, with fishes being most frequent prey except in the spring. Larger fish – those over 16.9 cm – feed largely on the larvae of bony fishes. No less than 45 species of copeopod were identified in this study, and Acartia clausi and Oncea media were numerous and important throughout the year. Crustaceans were the most important prey to be eaten by this species in all seasons, however, bony fish were the most important prey items for larger fish.
Taxonomy and naming
The Atlantic horse mackerel is the type species of the genus Trachurus but when Constantine Samuel Rafinesque created the genus in 1810 he used Trachurus saurus as the type species but Carolus Linnaeus had used the name Scomber saurus and had already described Scomber trachurus so Rafinesque's name was invalid. The genus Trachurus is part of the subfamily Caranginae of the family Carangidae, which is the largest family in the order Carangiformes. The generic and specific names are a compound of the Greek trachys meaning "rough" and oura meaning "tail", this appears to be an ancient name for horse mackerels, presumably in reference to the spiny scutes on the caudal peduncle.
The common name horse mackerel has been said to derive from the belief that other fishes rode on its back but it may derive from the old Dutch word Horsmakreel which means a mackerel which spawns over a shallow or bank, a hors, and this was taken into English as "horse mackerel".
The Cape horse mackerel (Trachurus capensis) is considered to be the subspecies T. trachurus capensis of the Atlantic horse mackerel by some authorities and it is thought that there is no adequate series of these specimens of this taxa along the coast of Africa available to confirm the validity of this taxon.
Fisheries
The Atlantic horse mackerel is fished for commercially using trawls, longlines, purse seines (using artificial light), traps and on line gear. In 1999 the Food and Agriculture Organization stated that the total catch reported to it was 322 207 tonnes with the largest catches being in the Netherlands and in Ireland. There is a total allowable catch (TAC) in the North Sea for this species and landings have consistently been below this level but the TAC is not in line with the scientific advice. There have been calls to create a management plan for the Atlantic horse mackerel in the North Sea but currently there are no specific management objectives for it. The stock needs to be assessed and management objectives should be set before the fishery can be shown to be sustainable.
Conservation
The IUCN classify the Atlantic horse mackerel as Vulnerable because even if there has been no decline in the population in European waters there have been greater than ninety percent declines off the West African coast which means that this species will have undergone a decline of at least 35-40% over the past three generation lengths, which are estimated at 30–35 years. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) classifies the population of this species as below the safe biological limit for exploitation. The populations are experiencing a slow decline with increased fishing pressure at the maximum sustainable yield since 2006 with low recruitment since 2004.
Human uses
The Atlantic horse mackerel is consumed fresh. It may be preserved by freezing, salting and drying, smoking and canning. It can be prepared by frying, broiling or baking. The flesh is said to have a pleasant flavour with an oily delicate texture which is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Nutritionally 100g of the flesh of the Atlantic horse mackerel provides 97 kcal of energy and is made up of:
* Water: 77.4 g
* Protein: 19.8 g
* Fat: 2 g
* Cholesterol: 64.4 mg
* Total minerals: 1.3 g
* Phosphorus: 224 mg
In Iberia it may be prepared as an escabeche while some are exported to Japan as aji to be used in sushi. They are also an important ingredient in Sicilian cuisine. | WIKI |
Talk:Burgruine Sturmberg
Untitled
this article should be delted - there is no such castle in Styria. the german article references the a castle in Germany, not in Austria! (Tal231071 (talk) 18:48, 22 April 2012 (UTC))
* I can't find the German article in question. However, there are numerous sources suggesting that this castle exists, such as http://www.interbuildings.co.uk/famous-buildings/country-a-d/austria.html and http://www.weizwandern.at/naturfreunde/Wanderfuehrer/5-Naas-Weizklamm/Naas-Weizklamm.htm. Consequently, it is not a blatant hoax, and deletion is not sufficiently uncontroversial for PROD. If you still think it should be deleted tehn please take it to AfD. JamesBWatson (talk) 20:18, 22 April 2012 (UTC)
* I was about to remove the prod as well and added a link that contains inside numerous sources for verification and expansion. --Tikiwont (talk) 20:27, 22 April 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
What is the most convenient hashing method to be used to hash passwords
It is preferable to use crypt() which natively supports several hashing algorithms or the function hash() which supports more variants than crypt() rather than using the common hashing algorithms such as md5, sha1 or sha256 because they are conceived to be fast. hence, hashing passwords with these algorithms can vulnerability
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PrestaShop 1.6 How to add a discount to order?
$cart_rule = new CartRule();
$cart_rule->id_customer = $this->context->cart->id_customer;
$cart_rule->name = array(
Configuration::get('PS_LANG_DEFAULT') => $this->l('CartRule title')
);
$cart_rule->date_from = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
$cart_rule->date_to = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time() + 24 * 3600);
$cart_rule->quantity = 1;
$cart_rule->quantity_per_user = 1;
$cart_rule->minimum_amount_currency = $this->context->cart->id_currency;
$cart_rule->reduction_currency = $this->context->cart->id_currency;
$cart_rule->free_shipping = true;
$cart_rule->reduction_amount = 50; #discount value
$cart_rule->active = 1;
$cart_rule->add();
// Add cart rule to cart and in order
$values = array(
'tax_incl' => $cart_rule->getContextualValue(true),
'tax_excl' => $cart_rule->getContextualValue(false)
);
$this->context->cart->addCartRule($cart_rule->id, $cart_rule->name[Configuration::get('PS_LANG_DEFAULT')], $values); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Is physical therapy a female profession?
Getting those ideas out into the world of physical therapy can be a challenge, even though the profession is described as “female-dominated.” Actually, Litzy says, that whole “female-dominated profession” concept is tricky to begin with.
What is women’s physical therapy?
Women’s health PT is a specialized area of physical therapy that can encompass A LOT of different diagnoses throughout a woman’s lifespan. A women’s health physical therapist goes through additional training to evaluate and treat conditions specific to women. These may include: Issues during pregnancy and post-partum.
Can you make a lot of money as a PT?
The average income for an entry-level personal trainer is $16.70 per hour or about $34,000 per year. The average for all trainers is about $42,000, with only the top 10 percent exceeding $76,000. (Those numbers go up or down depending on where you live and work.)
How do you specialize in pelvic floor therapy?
1. Earn a bachelor’s degree.
2. Complete a Doctor of Physical Therapy program.
3. Get licensed as a physical therapist.
4. Take courses in pelvic floor therapy.
5. Gain experience practicing pelvic floor therapy.
How old are most physical therapists?
The average age of male Physical therapists in the workforce is 41.3 and of female Physical therapists is 41.1, and the most common race/ethnicity for Physical therapists is White (Non-Hispanic).
How many female physical therapists are there?
There are over 110,566 physical therapists currently employed in the United States. 63.7% of all physical therapists are women, while 36.3% are men.
What does a women’s health physiotherapist do?
A women’s health physiotherapist is a specialist in the physiotherapeutic care of women with problems affecting the pelvis and pelvic floor, in relation to: Sports or direct trauma. Childbirth, both before and after. Pelvic girdle pain both before, during and after pregnancy.
What does a pelvic floor therapist do?
The therapist uses internal assessments to determine the tone of the muscles (how tight or loose they are) and assess their strength and endurance. We also evaluate the patient’s ability to correctly control the pelvic muscles, as well as whether there are any areas of tissue trauma and/or muscle spasming.
What is a pelvic floor massage?
Pelvic floor therapy is targeted at the pelvic floor muscles, ligaments and connective tissues, all of which work together to support the pelvic organs, contribute to sexual arousal and orgasm, and assist in bladder and bowel control.
What type of PT makes the most money?
If you enjoy working with athletes, you’re in luck: sports medicine is one of the highest paying specializations in physical therapy, according to the Physical Therapist Alliance.
What type of physical therapy pays the most?
The most lucrative position in the physical therapy field is being a sports medicine specialist. Working with athletes can be very rewarding as well.
Which physical therapy setting pays the most?
Practice Setting. Another factor that contributes to salary rates for physical therapists: where you treat. According to PayScale.com, home health, long-term care, home care, and geriatric facilities are the highest paying PT areas.
How long does pelvic floor therapy take?
Your first appointment may last 60 to 90 minutes for all your questions to be answered and to allow your therapist to understand your symptoms. After the evaluation, you can expect your sessions to last 30 to 60 minutes.
Can ot do pelvic floor therapy?
According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF): Domain and Process, 3rd ed., (Framework-III], AOTA, 2014) “Occupational Therapists (OTs) can be involved in numerous aspects of pelvic floor rehabilitation that impact our activities of daily living such as toileting, rest, sleep, and sexual activity.
Does Medicare cover pelvic floor therapy?
According to Medicare, pelvic floor electrical stimulation with a non-implantable stimulator is covered as reasonable and necessary for the treatment of stress and/or urge urinary incontinence. The patient must have first undergone and failed a documented trial of pelvic muscle exercise training.
What are the cons of being a physical therapist?
• You will need to earn a bachelor’s degree.
• You will need to earn a Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree.
• Do you have any idea how much this is going to cost?
• How do you plan on paying for your schooling?
• You must become licensed.
• You will have to renew your license.
How long is physical therapy school?
The traditional DPT program is three years, but some programs compress academic requirements into a shorter time span, which could help you manage the total cost of your education experience and enter the field faster. Demographics and setting. You will be investing a lot into your physical therapy education.
How many years does it take to become a physical therapist?
Becoming a physical therapist can take anywhere from three to eight years. Before you can enroll in a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree program or DPT program, you must first earn a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, ideally with a major in health science.
What kind of people are physical therapists?
• Be Realistic. Some conditions, such as chronic musculoskeletal disorders, are challenging to treat.
• Be Patient.
• Be Collaborative.
• Be Determined.
• Be Resilient.
• Be Compassionate.
• Be Knowledgeable.
• Have Integrity.
Which specialized fields are most common for physical therapists?
The most popular physical therapy specialty is orthopedic physical therapy, which involves treating conditions of the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and joints.
What can I expect at women’s health physiotherapy?
A typical examination may include: An internal vaginal examination may be performed. Your physio will use one or two gloved fingers to check the pelvic floor muscles internally. They can also check for prolapse and any tender or tight areas internally. They will ask you to contract and relax the muscles several times.
How many Kegels should a woman do a day?
Place a hand gently on your belly to detect unwanted abdominal action. Aim high. Try to do at least 30 to 40 Kegel exercises every day. Spreading them throughout the day is better than doing them all at once.
What kind of doctor treats pelvic floor dysfunction?
Urogynecologists treat pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence and other pelvic floor disorders.
Do pelvic floor therapists do internal exams?
Pelvic floor therapy is no different, except one thing: an internal vaginal or rectal exam if warranted, and of course consented to. These therapists are specially trained to do an internal exam of your pelvic floor.
What is a reverse Kegel?
Relaxing the pelvic floor, or Reverse Kegels, is also known as down–training the muscles and/ or pelvic floor drops. The feeling of dropping the pelvic floor is similar to the moment of relief during urination or a bowel movement. Deep breathing and visualization can help the down-training process.
Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ephebopus
Ephebopus is a genus of northeastern South American tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. Its relation to other tarantulas is one of the most uncertain in the family, and it has been frequently moved around and has been placed in each of the eight subfamilies at least once.
Description
They normally grow to a legspan of 10 to 15 cm. Most live in burrows, though E. murinus spends an adolescent stage living in trees. Like many other New World tarantulas, these spiders will brush urticating hairs from their bodies as a defense against potential predation. However, these spiders are unique because instead of the abdomen, these hairs are located on the pedipalps, and are removed by rubbing the palps against the chelicerae.
Diagnosis
They can be differentiated from all other tarantulas by the urticating patch of type 5 urticating hairs, on the pedipalp femora.
Species
it contains five species, found in Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana:
* Ephebopus cyanognathus West & Marshall, 2000 – French Guiana
* Ephebopus foliatus West, Marshall, Fukushima & Bertani, 2008 – Guyana
* Ephebopus murinus (Walckenaer, 1837) (type) – French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil
* Ephebopus rufescens West & Marshall, 2000 – French Guiana, Brazil
* Ephebopus uatuman Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1992 – Brazil
In synonymy
* E. bistriatus (C. L. Koch, 1838) = Ephebopus murinus (Walckenaer, 1837)
Nomen Dubium
* Ephebopus fossor Pocock, 1903 - Ecuador
Transferred to other genera
* Ephebopus violaceus Mello-Leitão, 1930 → Tapinauchenius plumipes | WIKI |
The 'quasiparticle' peak in the angular resolved spectrum of the superconducting underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O 8
A. V. Rozhkov
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
We study the reconfiguration of the angular resolved photoemission spectrum near M point which occurs in Bi2Sr2CaCu 2O8 upon cooling below the superconducting transition temperature. Restricting our attention to the case of underdoped samples we offer a phenomenological mechanism-independent explanation for this effect. It is demonstrated that under certain circumstances the emergence of a peak can be linked to the normal state pseudogap. All of the basic experimental observations, including weak peak dispersion, "dip-and-hump" shape of the superconducting state spectrum and appearance of the peak at the temperatures somewhat higher than the critical temperature, are naturally explained.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)103-110
Number of pages8
JournalEuropean Physical Journal B
Volume35
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sep 2003
Externally publishedYes
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'The 'quasiparticle' peak in the angular resolved spectrum of the superconducting underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O 8'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Katherine E. Nash Gallery
The Katherine E. Nash Gallery is an art gallery located at the University of Minnesota Department of Art on the West Bank of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. Founded by Katherine Nash during the 1970s, the gallery occupies 4900 sqft in the department's Regis Center for Art. | WIKI |
What is Monkeypox and is there a treatment?
What is Monkeypox and is there a treatment?
Monkeypox virus is a disease that typically affects rodents or nonhuman primates, but may occur in humans. It is native to Central and Western Africa but may spread due to international travel, imported animals, or close contact with an animal or person with monkeypox. The symptoms of Monkeypox include: fever, rash, headache, muscle aches, chills, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Symptoms may begin after 5-21 days from exposure and can last 2-4 weeks.
The progression of symptoms usually begins with the fever, with a rash following 1-4 days after onset. The rash may present on the face, hands, feet or other body parts. The rash progresses in appearance from flat spots to blisters that fill with pus, eventually these blisters scab over and fall off in 2-4 weeks. Monkeypox is contagious while you have symptoms.
The virus spreads through close contract with respiratory droplets from an infected person, sexual contact, clothes or other materials that have been in contact with rashes or body fluids of the infected person. Transmission may also occur vertically from positive pregnant women to their fetus.
Treatment of monkeypox is done with antiviral drugs used to treat smallpox, like tecovirimat (TPOXX) or brincidofovir (Tembexa). Vaccinia immune globulin can be offered for those that are unlikely to respond to the antiviral drugs. If you think you have monkeypox, isolate yourself in a room at home away from family and pets until symptoms reside. Complications may include severe scarring, blindness, other infections, and death in severe cases.
The current outbreak of monkeypox is called the West African type and rarely leads to death. Monkeypox is still considered rare in the United States. It is important to know that monkeypox does not spread easily between people without close contact. If you believe you are having any symptoms of monkeypox, please contact your health care provider.
This article reviewed by Dr. Jim Liu, MD and Ms. Deb Dooley, APRN.
There’s nothing more important than our good health – that’s our principal capital asset.
#medical #telehealth #umedoc
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Corruption Currents: Brazil President Denies Laundering Bribe Money - Risk & Compliance Journal. - WSJ
1 COMMENTS Brazil President Michel Temer speaks in Brasilia on April 10, 2018. Photo: ueslei marcelino/Reuters
A daily roundup of corruption news from across the Web. We also provide a daily roundup of important risk & compliance stories vi a our daily newsletter, The Morning Risk Report, which readers can sign up for here . Follow us on Twitter at @WSJRisk.
Bribery:
Brazil president Michel Temer denied allegations he laundered bribe money. (PA, AP, AFP)
The U.S. secured a guilty plea in the NCAA men’s basketball bribery scandal . (Bloomberg, ESPN, CJ)
Local cases: A Cypriot court reduced the sentence of five corruption convicts. Corruption is rampant in South Carolina prisons. Two Burmese local officials were jailed . Florida’s governor suspended a mayor over corruption allegations; an attorney for the mayor says she is innocent. (CM, CN, Irawaddy, PBP, SS)
Money Laundering:
Reports to Swiss anti-money laundering authorities reached a record last year. (Reuters)
Banks are gaining traction in their effort to water down anti-money laundering rules. (Reuters)
Financial reforms at the Vatican have taken root . (Reuters)
A former Mexican governor pleaded not guilty to U.S. money-laundering charges. (KVEO)
Latvian police will decide whether bankers will be prosecuted. (LSM)
Maltese regulators are searching for evidence of money laundering at a bank a deceased reporter was investigating. The bank’s former chairman is charged in the U.S. with violating sanctions. (MT)
A federal judge dismissed Paul Manafort’s motion to quash the U.S. special counsel’s probe . The investigation led to money-laundering charges against him, which he is fighting. The special counsel’s probe continues . (BuzzFeed, Politico, AP, Bloomberg, Vox, TPM, NYT)
European lawmakers seek a Magnitsky-type law to punish Russian money laundering. (RFE/RL, GAB)
Nigerian judges granted bail to a lawmaker. (SR)
Can fake books sold on Amazon be used to launder money? (Guardian)
A Miami man was sentenced to prison after a police raid found $22 million at his home. (WSVN)
A doctor pleaded guilty to a money-laundering charge related to pain pills he prescribed. (AP, WSAZ)
Indian authorities targeted an accountant as they continue pursuing money-laundering cases. (ToI, AA, NDTV, PTI, MP)
Sanctions:
Iran threatened to leave a nuclear non-proliferation treaty if the U.S. exits the Iran nuclear agreement. Iran’s president is working to preserve the deal. (AM, Reuters, Reuters)
Washington wants Europe to impose missile-related sanctions on Iran. (WP, Reuters, Reuters)
Diamond magnate Dan Gertler, who is under U.S. sanctions, filed a lawsuit against commodities trader Glencore PLC for nearly $3 billion he says is frozen . Mr. Gertler has denied wrongdoing. (Times, Reuters)
Sanctions are hitting Russians hard but they still support their president. (WP)
China urged the U.S. not to damage business confidence following reports of a probe of Huawei. (AP)
The U.S. will keep its sanctions on North Korea as denuclearization talks begin . (WP, Reuters)
Whistleblowers:
Retaliation is a problem at the Veterans Affairs Department. (NPR)
Terrorism Finance:
Iraq is using sanctions to target terrorism financing. (AM)
General Anti-Corruption:
Facebook warned of more data leaks. (Bloomeberg)
Ukrainian authorities destroyed evidence implicating the interior minister in corruption; he denies the allegations. (KP)
The 15-year prison sentence handed to a senior Indonesian politician could be a turning point in the country’s fight against corruption. (AFP)
FIFA pointed to its ethics rules when Mr. Trump tweeted threats against those undermining the U.S. bid for the 2026 World Cup. (ESPN, VF)
A Sri Lankan official filed a corruption complaint against cricket and sports leaders. (DM)
The U.S. is helping Myanmar investigate transnational crime. (MT)
A former Malawian leader returned home after three years of self-exile due to corruption allegations. (Reuters)
Will Michael Cohen flip in the U.S. special counsel’s probe ? The U.S. Senate probe continues; the House released its findings . (Bloomberg, AP, NBC, NYT, WP, Politico, Reuters)
Share this: Previous SEC Wants Boards’ Views on Contested Shareholder Proposals | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Baroque era was a high point of European art. During this era, artists from all over Europe flourished, embracing a highly-ornamental style which favoured mathematical and technical perfection over the artist’s expression. Like all countries in Europe at that time, France was swept up by the Baroque art style, creating an exciting and characteristic era in the history of art in France. French artists who followed the tenets of the Baroque school of art would usually paint religious themes and would decorate their paintings with highly ornamental lines and colors. Among the most famous French Baroque painters in the era is Eustache Le Sueur, one of the founders and first professors of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.
Le Sueur, also spelt Lesueur, was born in Paris in on November 19th, 1617. His father was a woodworker and a sculptor, so young Le Sueur was introduced to the marvelous world of art since his childhood. At the tender age of 16, Le Sueur was sent to Simon Vouet’s workshop to start his apprenticeship under the master’s tutelage. His talent was quickly recognized, and soon found a certain degree of fame among his peers.
Unlike his peers, who would often turn to Rome for artistic inspiration, Eustache Le Sueur did not find much inspiration in the Eternal City. Instead, the bulk of his inspiration seems to stem from Vouet’s distinctive French Baroque style. That might also explain his fascination with churches and their environs. He also developed a love for order in this period, preferring the mathematical precision of the Baroque art style instead of the unruly one.
In the 1640s, Le Sueur took interest in another Baroque artist, Nicolas Poussin. It is even believed that he might have personally known Poussin himself! His interest in Poussin had had quite an influence on his art style, and he then developed new changes, gearing towards classicism, in his composition and modeling, but his characteristic delicate and tender colors remained unchanged. In 1648, Le Sueur became one of the twelve founding members of the newly-established Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, an institution which would prove to be extremely influential later on. In the last years of his life, he also examined works by Raphael, one of the four masters of the Renaissance era, exhaustively to incorporate some of his elements. He died in 1655 in Paris, his hometown.
Throughout his relatively short life, Le Sueur’s subject rarely changed. His religious themes in works such as The Sermon of Saint Paul at Ephesus and the famous 22-painting series of Life of St. Bruno were the centrepieces of his paintings. Le Sueur also left behind many tapestries which he completed in the early stage of his life, and some unfinished works as well. Le Sueur was a famous painter in his days, but he did not leave any direct successor. However, artists in later eras were indeed somewhat influenced by his religious themes and simplistic, fastidious art style characteristic of the French Baroque era. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Thursday, April 22, 2021
Motor Oil
We just learned about the Timing Belt.
Another part of how a car works is Motor Oil.
When all the parts of a metal car engine are moving around, things can get very hot.
If you've ever heard metal scraping on metal, you know that two pieces of metal don't slide against each other smoothly.
To make the engine parts move smooth and not scrape against each other, cars use a slippery oil that lets helps things move around quickly without problems.
We learned before about the holes in the main engine called oil galleries.
That is where the motor oil goes, and it goes through all those holes to get to parts like the camshaft and crankshaft that need oil as they move around.
After a while the oil gets dirty from being used, so the oil has to be emptied out of a car and replaced with fresh oil.
(from: wikipedia - motor oil)
Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Vacuum Pump | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Encephalitis
Also known as: viral encephalitis.
What is encephalitis?
Encephalitis is a rare inflammation of the brain, which has a number of causes.
What causes encephalitis?
Causes may vary depending on the season, and the geographic part of the country. Not infrequently no cause can be found.
There are two main types of encephalitis:
1. Primary encephalitis, where a virus directly infects the brain. The most common cause of encephalitis are viruses. Many vaccines have reduced the number of children affected by the measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox viruses; frequently carried by mosquitoes (e.g. Zika, Chikungunya and West Nile virus), and occasionally other animals (e.g. Rabies). Encephalitis after a bacterial infection (e.g. Lyme disease) or parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis) carried by cats also occurs. In some children the cause is never found.
2. Secondary encephalitis, where a child's immune system doesn't recognize the child's own cells and attacks them instead of attacking an infecting organism.
What are the symptoms of encephalitis?
Symptoms may include, a preceding flu-like or gastrointestinal disturbance followed by/with fever, headache, light sensitivity, sleepiness or irritability, difficulties with talking and walking, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, confusion and seizures, and in infants a “full” or “bulging fontanelle.”
What are encephalitis care options?
Early diagnosis and management is important. Treatment will depend on the cause, how serious the disease, and in general will involve medications to control the infection, fever, seizures and to control an increase in pressure in the head if present.
Sometimes a child might need help breathing with a machine (ventilator). Some severe cases of encephalitis can be managed with antiviral drugs in hospital. Milder situations may only need require supportive, rest, fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers.
Following recovery, physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy may enhance full muscle and other system recovery.
Reviewed by: Jack Wolfsdorf, MD, FAAP
This page was last updated on: July 25, 2022 01:24 PM
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
The Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine at Nicklaus Children’s Hospital provides the highest level of care through a multidisciplinary approach.
Learn more | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:American Medical Biographies - Kelly, Burrage.djvu/45
ALTER with Dr. Edward Gillespie and James Gillespie of Freeport entered into the manufacturing of bromine from the mother liquid of salt wells, by a process which he and his partners invented and patented. A large jar of this then rare substance was exhibited at the World's Fair in New York in 1853, where it excited much wonder. Before the discovery of petroleum he had invented a rotating retort for the extraction of oil from cannel coal. This discovery bid fair to become a profitable industry until the discovery of the natural oil rendered the operation superfluous.
The greatest legacy, however, which Dr. Alter left to posterity was the result of his discovery and application of the principles of the prism in spectrum analysis. The data regarding this discovery are taken from an article published in the Pittsburg Dispatch in January, 1882, by Dr. Frank Cowan. That Dr. Alter's discovery antedates that of Kirchoff is proven by the fact that some five years before the latter published his discovery, Dr. Alter's paper appeared in the American Journal of Sciences and Arts (Silliman's Journal), second series, volume xviii, November, 1854. It was entitled, "On Certain Physical Properties of Light, Produced by the Combustion of Different Metals in the Electric Spark Refracted by a Prism."
A second article by Dr. Alter appeared in the same journal, May, 1855, entitled: "On Certain Physical Properties of the Light of the Electric Spark within Gases, as seen through a Prism."
A brief abstract of the first article appeared in Europe in the Chemic Jahresberichte in 1845 and the second was reproduced in its entirety in the Paris Journal L'Institute for the year 1856 and in the "Archives of the Physical and Natural Sciences, of Geneva." It would thus seem proven beyond any doubt that to Dr. Alter belongs the credit of the discovery of the principles underlying spectrum analysis. Dr. Cowan states that the prism with which he made the first experiments was obtained by Dr. Alter from a fragment of a large mass of very brilliant glass found in the pot of a glass-house destroyed in the great fire of Pittsburg, April 10, 1845.
Dr. Alter's early educational opportunities appear to have been very meager, so much so that he was largely self taught. His medical education was obtained in New York where he graduated at the Reformed Medical College of the United States in 1831, an institution of the eclectic or botanic school. Definite information regarding his medical education is lacking because of the destruction of the records by fire.
Dr. Cowan says of him: "In his life he was a plain and simple man, gentle and modest in manner, temperate in his habits and careful and patient in his work."
He was twice married: to Laura Rowley by whom he had three children, and to Amanda B. Rowley who bore him eight children, four sons and four daughters. One son, Myron Hale Alter, graduated in medicine at the Baltimore Medical College and rose to prominence as a practitioner of medicine.
Dr. Alter died in Freeport, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1881, aged seventy-four. The exact cause of death is unknown but appears to have been a gradual weakening of the vital powers incident to old age.
Althof, Hermann (1835–1877)
Hermann Althof was born the eighth of August, 1835, at Horn, in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, and died in New York January 14, 1877, of erysipelas. He was the youngest son of a school teacher in his native town.
In 1847 he accompanied his father on a visit to his elder brother, who had settled in New York City. After his return he began to study medicine, first in Wurzburg, later in Zurich, Vienna, Prague, and Berlin, where he received his diploma in the year 1857. Here Prof. A. von Graefe began to interest himself in the progress of his gifted pupil, with whom he tried to form a closer alliance by offering him a position as one of his assistants. Dr. Althof, however, left Berlin to continue his studies in Paris, where he studied ophthalmology under Desmarres, and afterwards practised in New York in 1858. Two years later he left the city again for Europe, spending part of a year in Wurzburg, with Prof. Muller, devoting himself to the study of pathological and microscopical anatomy, and part in Berlin with Graefe. After his return he devoted a large portion of his time to those public institutions to which he had become attached, the German Hospital and Dispensary, as well as the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; in the latter he filled the place of executive surgeon for about eighteen months before his death. He was one of the founders of the Ophthalmological Society of New York and of the American Ophthalmological Society.
His contributions to Ophthalmological literature are all of importance. He published | WIKI |
Talk:Non-nerd's Guide to Computers/definition
The definition "Anything that does stuff automatically according to something it was told to do." is for a 'machine'.
A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.
So a clock is, by no means, a computer... | WIKI |
1 Reply Latest reply on Apr 18, 2008 11:14 AM by enorton@adobe
SocketMonitor not working as expected
MarcelBoucher Adobe Employee
I created a simple AIR application that uses SocketMonitor to check the availability of ports on the local machine. When I call my function, I pass in the server name and the port (ex. "localhost", 3306). This code works the first time I launch the app (if MySQL is running, I get a true value. But if I stop the service, nothing changes in my AIR app. The "available" property always returns true. Also, if I try to set the pollInterval property of SocetMonitor, the app crashes. I am using the following code:
public var socketAvailable:Boolean=false;
public var mysocket:SocketMonitor;
public function startPortCheck(serverName:String, portNumber:int):void
{
mysocket = new SocketMonitor(serverName,portNumber);
mysocket.start();
mysocket.addEventListener(StatusEvent.STATUS,socketStatusChange);
}
public function socketStatusChange(event:StatusEvent):void
{
trace( ">>onStatusEvent::evt.code=" + event.code );
socketAvailable = mysocket.available;
}
• 1. Re: SocketMonitor not working as expected
enorton@adobe Level 1
Hi Marcel,
The monitors check when there is a NetworkStatusChange. If you want more frequent checks, you should definitely use pollInterval. I'm not able to reproduce a crash with pollInterval & the SocketMonitor. What pollInterval have you tried? Is this with localhost? Is it right away or eventually after a few polls? What platform are you running?
One tiny thing though, you should .start() after the .addEventListener. You want to make sure you catch all dispatches...if you start before listening you could miss one.
-Erica | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Platform Explorer / Nuxeo Platform 2023.10
Component org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeService
Documentation
Manage document types and schemas. Allows registrering new types defined using XSD schemas
Requirements
Resolution Order
158
The resolution order represents the order in which this component has been resolved by the Nuxeo Runtime framework.
You can influence this order by adding "require" tags in your component declaration, to make sure it is resolved after another component.
Start Order
14 (Declared Start Order: -100)
The start order represents the order in which this component has been started by the Nuxeo Runtime framework.
This number is interesting to tweak if your Java component interacts with other components, and needs to be started before or after another one.
It can be changed by implementing the method "Component#getApplicationStartedOrder()" on your Java component: components are sorted according to this reference value, in increasing order.
The default value is 1000, and the repository initialization uses number 100. Negative values can also be used.
Implementation
Class: org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeService
Services
Extension Points
XML Source
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<component name="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeService" version="1.0.0">
<documentation>
Manage document types and schemas.
Allows registrering new types defined using XSD schemas
@author Bogdan Stefanescu (bs@nuxeo.com)
</documentation>
<require>org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.ObjectResolverService</require>
<service>
<provide interface="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.SchemaManager" />
<provide interface="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeProvider" />
<provide interface="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.PropertyCharacteristicHandler" />
</service>
<implementation class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeService" />
<extension-point name="configuration">
<documentation>
Type manager configuration.
<p />
This contains default prefetch options and clearComplexPropertyBeforeSet options. For example:
<code>
<configuration>
<prefetch>common, dublincore</prefetch>
<clearComplexPropertyBeforeSet>true</clearComplexPropertyBeforeSet>
<allowVersionWriteForDublinCore>false</allowVersionWriteForDublinCore>
</configuration>
</code>
Note that since 11.1, setting fields, such as dc:modified, as prefetch is DEPRECATED:
only schema names are supported.
Note that setting clearComplexPropertyBeforeSet to false is DEPRECATED since 9.3.
Note that setting allowVersionWriteForDublinCore to true is DEPRECATED since 10.3.
</documentation>
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.TypeConfiguration" />
</extension-point>
<extension-point name="doctype">
<documentation>
Extension Point to register new document types and facets.
<p />
Document types may implement several schemas and extends other
document types. You can compare document types with java
classes and schemas with java interfaces. Document types may
also contains several facets that define a behavior.
<p />
The prefetch element defines what fields are synchronously
indexed, and are made available in search results listings.
<p />
A doctype XML extension may contain several 'doctype' elements.
A doctype element may look like this:
<code>
<doctype name="File" extends="Document">
<schema name="common" />
<schema name="file" />
<schema name="dublincore" />
<schema name="uid" />
<facet name="Downloadable" />
<facet name="Versionable" />
<prefetch>dc:title, dc:modified, uid.uid</prefetch>
</doctype>
</code>
Document types may also specify subtypes, which are sets of other
document types that can be created inside the this document type
being defined.
<p />
This configuration only applies in the UI and will not affect
documents created through APIs (e.g. REST, Java)
This can be achieved as follows:
<code>
<doctype name="SomeFolder" extends="Document">
<subtypes>
<type>File</type>
</subtypes>
</doctype>
</code>
When extending a doctype, forbidden subtypes can also be specified
to prevent a specific type from being created.
<p />
This configuration only applies in the UI and will not affect
documents created through APIs (e.g. REST, Java)
<code>
<doctype name="SomeFolder" append="true">
<subtypes>
<type>SomeOtherFile</type>
</subtypes>
<subtypes-forbidden>
<type>File</type>
</subtypes-forbidden>
</doctype>
</code>
Facets are also defined by this extension point.
They can have zero or more schemas:
<code>
<facet name="MyFacet" perDocumentQuery="false" />
<facet name="MyFacetWithData">
<schema name="myschema" />
<schema name="otherschema" />
</facet>
<facet name="MyOldFacet" enabled="false" />
</code>
Queries using ecm:mixinType on facets marked with
perDocumentQuery="false" will not match any document where
this facet has been added using DocumentModel.addFacet() and does
not belong to the document type (this is done for performance reasons).
Facets with enabled=false will be ignored in all document types
still referencing them, and will not be returned when listing available facets.
It's also possible to associate one or more schemas to all proxies:
<code>
<proxies>
<schema name="myschema" />
</proxies>
</code>
</documentation>
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.DocumentTypeDescriptor" />
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.FacetDescriptor" />
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.ProxiesDescriptor" />
</extension-point>
<extension-point name="schema">
<documentation>
Extension Point to register new schemas.
<p />
Schemas are defined using XSD files.
The schema extension XML may containg several 'schema' objects as
the following ones:
<code>
<schema name="common" src="schema/common.xsd" />
<schema name="dublincore" prefix="dc" src="schema/dublincore.xsd" />
</code>
The <i>name</i> attribute uniquely identify the schema, the <i>src</i> attribute specify
the path to that schema (relative to the bundle root) and the <i>prefix</i> is used as
a prefix (short name) of the schema namespace.
The schema namespace is the targetNamespace defined inside the XSD file
<p />
Note that multiple schemas can share the same target namespace and prefix
<p />
You can also create a Nuxeo Schema from a sub part of the XSD schema.
For that you can use the xsdRootElement attribute to indicate the complex type to use.
<code>
<schema name="employeeSchema" src="schema/testExtension.xsd" xsdRootElement="employee" />
</code>
A schema can be completely disabled with:
<code>
<schema name="myOldSchema" enabled="false" />
</code>
Schemas with enabled=false will be ignored in all document types and facets
still referencing them, and will not be returned when listing available schemas.
Extension Point is also used to register additional property information, called property characteristic, such as:
<ul>
<li>secured: only administrators can edit it</li>
<li>deprecation: flag property as deprecated or removed</li>
</ul>
XML extensions may contain any number of 'property' elements of the form:
<code>
<property schema="dublincore" name="creator" secured="true" />
<property schema="common" name="size" deprecation="deprecated" />
<property schema="file" name="filename" deprecation="removed" fallback="content/name" />
</code>
Properties declared with secured attribute can only be edited by administrators.
<p />
Properties declared with deprecation attribute enable deprecation mechanism inside Nuxeo Platform.
This generates WARN message of usage to help to remove deprecated usage.
<p />
A contribution is one of these types:
<ul>
<li>deprecated: property still exists in schema definition, but it'll be removed in next version</li>
<li>removed: property has been removed from schema definition, relax platform behavior. This will avoid Nuxeo
property not found exceptions for remaining use of the property
</li>
</ul>
The fallback attribute is optional, its value has to be a xpath referencing an existing property in the same
schema than deprecated/removed property.
When presents, it is used:
<ul>
<li>to set the value to the fallback property</li>
<li>to get the value from the fallback property if it exists</li>
</ul>
Note: for a deprecated property, setValue also set value to property and getValue get value from property if
fallback value is null.
<p />
For example, the contribution below enables WARN message of usage of property <i>file:filename</i>. This will also
get/set the value from/to <i>file:content/name</i> for deprecated usage of <i>file:filename</i> property.
<code>
<property schema="file" name="filename" deprecation="deprecated" fallback="content/name" />
</code>
As it, each usage of this property will automatically fallback on the fallback and avoid exception from platform.
This will also allows to import document declaring the removed property.
</documentation>
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.SchemaBindingDescriptor" />
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.PropertyDescriptor" />
</extension-point>
<extension-point name="deprecation">
<documentation>
Extension Point to register deprecated/removed properties.
XML extensions may contain any number of 'property' elements of the form:
<code>
<property schema="common" name="size" deprecated="true" />
<property schema="file" name="filename" fallback="content/name" />
</code>
A property contributed to this extension point enables deprecation mechanisms inside Nuxeo Platform.
This generates WARN message of usage to help to remove deprecated usage.
<p />
A contribution is one of these types:
<ul>
<li>deprecated: property still exists in schema definition, but it'll be removed in next version</li>
<li>removed: property has been removed from schema definition, relax platform behavior. This will avoid Nuxeo
property not found exceptions for remaining use of the property
</li>
</ul>
The fallback attribute is optional, its value has to be a xpath referencing an existing property in the same
schema than removed/deprecated property.
When presents, it is used:
<ul>
<li>to set the value to the fallback property</li>
<li>to get the value from the fallback property if it exists</li>
</ul>
Note: for a deprecated property, setValue also set value to property and getValue get value from property if
fallback value is null.
<p />
For example, the contribution below enables WARN message of usage of property <i>file:filename</i>. This will also
get/set the value from/to <i>file:content/name</i> for deprecated usage of <i>file:filename</i> property.
<code>
<property schema="file" name="filename" fallback="content/name" />
</code>
As it, each usage of this property will automatically fallback on the fallback and avoid exception from platform.
This will also allows to import document declaring the removed property.
<p />
@since 9.2
@deprecated since 11.1, use schema extension point with PropertyDescriptor object
</documentation>
<object class="org.nuxeo.ecm.core.schema.PropertyDeprecationDescriptor" />
</extension-point>
</component> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Some Canadian oil firms await Trudeau's fate rather than cut emissions faster
By Rod Nickel and Nia Williams
Dec 19 (Reuters) - Some Canadian oil and gas producers say they will not rush to accelerate emissions cuts until they see if unpopular Prime Minister Justin Trudeau survives long enough to implement his proposed oil and gas emissions cap.
The long-delayed framework, released this month, demands oil companies in Canada cut carbon emissions by up to 38% by 2030 from 2019 levels. But polls show the opposition Conservatives led by Pierre Poilievre - who oppose the cap - with a commanding lead over Trudeau's Liberals before an expected 2025 election, raising the prospect that plans for the cap will be abandoned.
Canada's main oil-producing province Alberta has also vowed to develop a "constitutional shield" against the cap.
Some small- and medium-sized oil companies are openly asking if the Liberals losing in the 2025 election would avert the need to accelerate emissions cuts. Canada is the world's fourth-biggest crude producer and the oil and gas industry is the country's highest-polluting sector, accounting for more than a quarter of all emissions.
Yangarra Resources YGR.TO, which produces 12,500 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boe/d), will continue cutting emissions as long as it makes money or improves efficiency from doing so, said CEO Jim Evaskevich.
"If we get to where we're having to spend a lot of money to become way more draconian with our reductions, then we're going to look at the federal election and go, 'yeah no we're not spending that money, no way.' Because our fervent hope is (Trudeau) is gone," Evaskevich said.
Rising Canadian oil and gas production means the sector's absolute emissions have climbed about 13% since 2005, according to the Canadian Climate Institute, even as its emissions intensity - the amount of carbon emitted per barrel of oil produced - has fallen.
A federal environment ministry spokesperson said oil companies should comply with the cap "because it makes business sense".
"They are making record profits at a time where affordability and the environment are the two most important issues," the spokesperson added.
A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL
Resistance from small and mid-cap producers underscores the rift between the Liberal government's climate policies, some of which have been rejected by the courts, and a sector critically important to Canada's economy.
Pathways Alliance, representing the six biggest oil sands companies, said it would not speculate on what a future government may look like and was committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050.
Oil sands companies account for 65% of Canada's oil production and are relying largely on proposed carbon capture and sequestration projects to cut emissions, although they have not yet committed the capital to build them.
Tamarack Valley Energy TVE.TO, which plans to produce about 62,000 boe/d in 2024, is already reducing methane emissions from gas infrastructure but needs more details about the cap before it can decide if it must cut faster, said CEO Brian Schmidt.
The possibilities of a government change and of courts rejecting the emissions cap mean "nobody's putting much weight" into the cap yet, including Tamarack, Schmidt said.
Tristan Goodman, CEO of the Explorers and Producers Association of Canada, said producers had made significant progress in reducing emissions, mainly through cutting methane emissions, and efforts would continue regardless of the political party in power.
Despite the emissions cap, Bonterra Energy BNE.TO is looking to boost production to above 20,000 boe/d from 14,000 boe/d currently, through acquisitions, CEO Pat Oliver said.
Bonterra is already cutting emissions by reducing gas flaring and replacing old equipment, but is unlikely to accelerate efforts until there is clarity on the rules and the Liberal government's fate, Oliver added.
"Say that we would have to spend significant capital (to comply), we would have a look at, is this government going to survive and what are the chances of this legislation surviving?" Oliver said.
(Reporting by Rod Nickel in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Nia Williams in British Columbia, editing by Deepa Babington)
((rod.nickel@tr.com; X: @RodNickel_Rtrs;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Battles of Quatre Bras & Waterloo.pdf/2
o event ever struck Europe, we may say the world, with such wonder and astonishment, as the sudden appearance of Napoleon Bonaparte on the coast of France, in March 1815,—his subsequent journey to Paris—the diminutive force with which he engaged in this undertaking, and the rapid success which, at first, attended his ambitious designs. With little more than 1100 men, in the space of twenty days, did this extraordinary character find himself in possession of the French capital, and of that throne which he abdicated about twelve months before. It is not our intention to follow him through all these events but only to give a circumstantial account of the battles of Quatre Bras, Ligney, and Waterloo.
But, before proceeding, we shall give a short detail of his leaving Elba, and his journey through | WIKI |
User:Shafidriver99
Shafiola
99 is mohammed shafi his a private car driver since 1999 in city of seecunderabad Telangana email ID shafiola99@gmail.com | WIKI |
Category:
Current Technology News
Know All You Can About Desktop Computers Now
What is so difficult about buying a new desktop computer? Is it knowing the difference between an i3 and an i7? Is it understanding how RAM affects performance? If all of this sounds like Greek to you, check out the article below to learn what you need to know about buying a new computer.
When searching for a desktop computer be certain to shop around. With the growing popularity of laptops, tablets, and mobile devices, desktops have fallen out of favor. As such, sales are struggling. Use this to your advantage and look for the best deals out there when purchasing a new desktop computer.
Try building your own computer. Instead of buying a computer ready-made from a big company, try building your own computer. This sounds complicated, but you can get help online. You’ll find that building your own computer helps you save money, and allows you to create something in line with your needs.
A good way to decide what features you want in a new computer is to try out different models before you buy. Many stores have a large selection of models set up and it is a wise idea to spend some time trying them out. You can see which keyboard is most comfortable and which screen size is right for your needs.
If you like playing games online and want to buy a gaming computer, you need to remember some things. To begin, your computer will need no less than 4 gigabytes of memory, a really good video card and a display with high resolution. You can buy controllers and keyboards that are meant for gaming.
If you have a home office or a small business, a laptop computer probably will not meet all your needs. While a portable computer is great when you are out and about, a desktop model is better if you need a printer, copier, fax and scanner. Also, many people find typing on a regular keyboard is easier than working on a laptop.
What will you be using your computer for? It is important to buy a computer that fits your needs. If you will be using your computer to play games, what you need from your computer will be different from what you will need if you are planning on using the computer to write papers for school.
If you want to save money on your desktop computer, look into buying a refurbished model. These computers are ones that have been fixed at the factory and are often offered at a steep discount. These are usually offered by the computer brands on their own websites, so take a look before you buy a new computer.
Most people have no idea what the difference is between a motherboard and a hard drive. In fact, they probably have never even seen the inside of a desktop computer before. You have taken the initiative to learn about shopping for a computer, and now you are prepared to get the job done right.…
Check Out These Helpful Hints About Cell Phones
You may be overwhelmed by the huge number of choices you must make when purchasing a cell phone. There are certain ways to weed out the ones that you won’t like, though. Read on to learn more about cell phones.
Ensure that you are restarting your cell phone occasionally. This will clear memory caches that are being filled by apps such as Twitter or Facebook. Do this a few times a week at least in order to keep your phone functioning smoothly.
Don’t automatically throw your phone away if it was dropped into liquid. The best thing you could do is to take the battery out and place your phone into a bowl that has dry rice. This facilitates absorption of moisture that has gotten in your device.
When relying on an LTE or 4G signal, take care when you view video. Most plans only allow you a certain amount of data transfer every month. Video will take up a lot of your memory. Look for a new plan if you frequently go over.
Remember that smartphones also get slower through time. There is truth in the fact that software updates can keep these phones current for a while. Still, there is only so much you can do before you need a new phone. This means the phone ou have had for a while might not be able to handle them.
If you do have a smartphone, you are probably utilizing the device quite often. That said, be sure to power it down from time to time. Compare your phone to your laptop or desktop PC. Hitting the reset button clears the memory and helps lower rogue apps from hogging resources. With just a simple restart, you can really see a difference in your cell phone.
Is your battery running out fast? It’s likely that your signal is low. Weak signals can drain batteries. Don’t store your phone in areas without a signal unless you have turned it completely off.
Prior to actually purchasing your new cell phone, go to some stores and comparison shop. Take your time doing this to get the feel of various types of cell phones. That way, you are more likely to get something you love.
Make sure that you need a smartphone before going out there and making a purchase. These phones are pricey, but they do many things. However, if you just want to make and receive calls, you don’t need a smartphone. If that is you, keep in mind that smartphones cost more initially and the monthly fees are higher. A smartphone may not be a wise choice for you.
Try to avoid having your phone battery completely drain before recharging it. The battery in your phone is designed for periodic recharging. They aren’t going to hold your charge if you keep letting the batteries get really low before you charge it. Ensure your battery lasts a long time by charging it up before it completely dies out.
If you ever when cellphone shopping then you know that there are plenty of choices. It is important to follow tips to find the right one. This piece has offered some of those very insights, so take full advantage of them.…
Check Out These Helpful Hints About Cell Phones
You may be overwhelmed by the huge number of choices you must make when purchasing a cell phone. There are certain ways to weed out the ones that you won’t like, though. Read on to learn more about cell phones.
Ensure that you are restarting your cell phone occasionally. This will clear memory caches that are being filled by apps such as Twitter or Facebook. Do this a few times a week at least in order to keep your phone functioning smoothly.
Don’t automatically throw your phone away if it was dropped into liquid. The best thing you could do is to take the battery out and place your phone into a bowl that has dry rice. This facilitates absorption of moisture that has gotten in your device.
When relying on an LTE or 4G signal, take care when you view video. Most plans only allow you a certain amount of data transfer every month. Video will take up a lot of your memory. Look for a new plan if you frequently go over.
Remember that smartphones also get slower through time. There is truth in the fact that software updates can keep these phones current for a while. Still, there is only so much you can do before you need a new phone. This means the phone ou have had for a while might not be able to handle them.
If you do have a smartphone, you are probably utilizing the device quite often. That said, be sure to power it down from time to time. Compare your phone to your laptop or desktop PC. Hitting the reset button clears the memory and helps lower rogue apps from hogging resources. With just a simple restart, you can really see a difference in your cell phone.
Is your battery running out fast? It’s likely that your signal is low. Weak signals can drain batteries. Don’t store your phone in areas without a signal unless you have turned it completely off.
Prior to actually purchasing your new cell phone, go to some stores and comparison shop. Take your time doing this to get the feel of various types of cell phones. That way, you are more likely to get something you love.
Make sure that you need a smartphone before going out there and making a purchase. These phones are pricey, but they do many things. However, if you just want to make and receive calls, you don’t need a smartphone. If that is you, keep in mind that smartphones cost more initially and the monthly fees are higher. A smartphone may not be a wise choice for you.
Try to avoid having your phone battery completely drain before recharging it. The battery in your phone is designed for periodic recharging. They aren’t going to hold your charge if you keep letting the batteries get really low before you charge it. Ensure your battery lasts a long time by charging it up before it completely dies out.
If you ever when cellphone shopping then you know that there are plenty of choices. It is important to follow tips to find the right one. This piece has offered some of those very insights, so take full advantage of them.…
Tips, Tricks And Tweaks For Improved Solar Energy Use
The sun’s energy is harvested by solar energy systems. This helps the planet and your wallet. Solar power can prove useful to both residential dwellings and commercial buildings. Need to be convinced? Read on.
Your solar energy system needs to be exposed to the sun at all times. Most homeowners have their solar panels installed on their roof but you could also have some panels installed on your front lawn. Do not hesitate to cut a few trees to avoid shadows and have a professional help you determine the best place for your panels.
Photo-voltaic solar panels come in two varieties. Poly-crystalline panels tend to be cheaper but they are not as efficient than mono-crystalline solar panels. When choosing solar energy supplies for your home, look for the most energy-efficient materials available.
For the best results, place your solar panels in a location that gets plenty of sunlight. Avoid placing solar panels near trees or tall buildings because they can create shadows on the solar panels which can result in poor energy consumption. Additionally, placing your solar panels in a Southwest location will result in greater energy absorption.
Leasing a solar system is an option if up-front costs are prohibitive. In the long run, buying a solar energy system is always the better option, however leasing can still result in lower bills overall. Leasing a system will let you take advantage of the energy savings right away, however be aware that you can be stuck with your contract for up to 10 years.
Find a reputable company. With the rapidly rising popularity of solar energy, new companies are springing up left and right to take advantage. A solar energy installation is a big purchase that should last you many years. When shopping for your system, look for a company that you can be confident will still be around ten or even twenty years from now.
If you are buying a solar energy system, make sure your panels can be easily adjusted. As seasons change, so does the angle of the sun. Your panels will need to be adjusted every three months or so. Make sure that you know how to do this or talk to your contractor about seasonal maintenance.
Before signing any agreement for installation of solar energy products, get at least three estimates. Once the estimates are in your hand, read each one carefully to ensure that the installation is up to your standards. Each estimate should include a time frame of completion, a list of materials and the estimated amount of labor charged.
New Technology
Always look for a good and qualified contractor to install your solar system. Just because you are having a new technology installed on your home, does not mean that you should look for new contractors. The type of work is very specialized and having a quality contractor with a proven track record is critical to having your system installed properly
World-wide, solar power is being used today. In recent years, social energy has become popular. Your life can greatly improve from it. You are able to cut costs and help the planet. Use the information you’ve learned so that you can make the best decisions regarding solar energy.… | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cast object to type using reflection
Method to Copy Data Between Objects of Different Types
Use C# dynamic typing to conveniently access internals of an. cast a dynamic object either to its own type,. using reflection var methodInfo = m_object.Introduction to creating dynamic types with. Introduction to creating dynamic types with Reflection. IL code to cast the input object to the type that this.
.NET Tip: Type Casting in Visual Basic .NET - FMS, Inc
Cast List<object> to unknown T[] using reflection. and a List that i need to cast to int[] object valueObj;. Cannot cast from source type to destination type.Experts Exchange > Questions > How to “dynamically” cast an instance of Object type into its specific data type?. If you want to cast the Object,.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using
Now I coded an action that is configured via jboss-esb.xml that uses reflection to do all the. array Object[] param. type = javaType; loc.. in this article I will explain how to compare objects using Reflection. Dotnet. list based on the object type. value1).Cast<object>();.
Transform DataReader to List<T> using reflections. You don't need the casting here: (object). you're using reflection code to map inside the loop.
Casting in Java – How to Program with Java – Java Cast
public virtual Type MakeGenericType( params Type. using System.Reflection; using. // Compare the type objects obtained above to type objects // obtained using.
Rick Strahl's Web Log. or property syntax on the dynamic cast. Using the dynamic type allows all three. Creating a dynamic, extensible C# Expando Object.
Assigning a value to a dynamic type using reflection and
A less fragile way to invoke a generic method with a dynamic type. can use reflection to create an object of that. way to cast it from an object to.Convert Base Type to Derived Type. You will still have to use reflection to iterate over the. However, casting an object down into a derived type is not so.
'casting' with reflection. public static object Cast(this Type Type, object data). C# - Dynamic casting using reflection. 0.
T CastByExample<T>(object o, T example) – Meta-Me
Generic advanced Delegate.CreateDelegate using. using reflection, doesn't allow doing something as follows when the first parameter of method isn't exactly of type.How to Sort a List<T> by a property in the object. If you're sure the object won't be null, you can cast it to plain. Use reflection to get order type.Dynamic Cast is for using the run-time type. 5:58 PM yonadav said. I am dynamically casting objects using Reflection in an ASP.NET MVC app.using System.Reflection;. IntPtr loc = FindResource. // We retrieve the resource as an object and we cast it to a byte array since it's.
How do I cast an object to an ArrayList or IEnumerable?. C# / C. no way to cast an object to a generic type when I. Using reflection to properly cast an object.Since the type Object is a very broad type for a variable,. Type casting in Java is to cast one type, a class or interface, into another type. Reply Link.
Invoke EJB Action |JBoss Developer
. but an object of type dynamic bypasses static type. from the HTML Document Object Model (DOM), from reflection,. and thereby to avoid much of the casting.Using Reflection to convert DataRows to objects or objects to DataRows. Download source files - 25.6 Kb;. ByRef p_o As Object) ' object reflection. Dim t As Type.Parameters: linked (boolean, (optional)) – Linked, Duplicate object but not object data, linking to the original data; name (string, (optional, never None.
cast object to interface. C# / C Sharp Forums on Bytes. cast object to interface. P: n/a. and reflection returns references to type object because it cannot.Convert. ChangeType Method (Object, Type). (Object, Type) method can convert. To convert a type to an enumeration value, use a casting operator.How can I convert TO a Nullable from a String using reflection? I have the following code to convert TO almost any value type given almost any value. There is quite a.Assigning a value to a dynamic type using reflection and bypassing the object cast\box that GetValue returns.
Casting and Passing Anonymous Types - CodeProject
Type.MakeGenericType Method (Type[]) (System)
Once you have an instance of the object then you can use the Type object. 3 Responses to Dynamically invoking a method with Reflection. by lines of code is like.Method to Copy Data Between Objects of Different Types. (using reflection in.NET 1.x). public static void Copy( Type fromType, object from, Type toType,.
Java.lang.Class.cast() Method Example - Tutorials Point
Get an Object using reflection, how to cast it back to a. I want to cast it back to the type stored in the. much less try to cast the object to it.
Casting an Enumeration (Reflection) - C# / C Sharp
An Introduction to C# Generics. The C# compiler only lets you implicitly cast generic type parameters to Object,. Using Type for generic reflection.
Casting Objects and Primitive Types. One thing you can’t do under any circumstance is cast from an object to a primitive data type, or vice versa.
use reflection to get back original object from interface. C# / C Sharp Forums on Bytes.Using.NET Generics with a type derived at runtime. Use Dynamic Type. I found it really hard to do everything with reflection, mainly because you cannot cast.A Beginner's Tutorial - Type Casting and Type. an explicit cast using is. // to have an is oprerator before the actual cast object o2 = " 1.
cast object to interface - C# / C Sharp
Using Reflection to convert DataRows to objects or objects
... to its actual type and set value using reflection in C#. How to cast property to its actual type and set. from one object to another using reflection:.Generalized Type Conversion. Other. Does not use reflection. Allows two-way type conversions from the custom type to other data types and from other data types to.29 Comments to “Fun with C# generics: down-casting to a generic type. what about casting an object to a generic type?. you will use reflection to determine.
Cast object at runtime by Type-object. Visual Studio Languages,. but not with casting. You have to actually use reflection to invoke the method.. How to cast the value to correct type and then set the value. How to set property value using reflection in C#. How to compare objects using Reflection in.
Convert Base Type to Derived Type - CodeProject
Dynamically Loading and Using Types | Microsoft Docs
Note that there is a cast to the type T[]. Further problems are caused by type erasure — because the object has run-time type Vector,.OS X+iOS IOKit kernel code execution due to bad cast when using kernel c++ reflection in. jz short loc_5E4A. to find an object with a suitably.So I needed to figure out what was the generic type of this enumerable. Using reflection,. So the code to get the element type is:. enumerable.Cast<object. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Confidence (London, Macmillan & Co., 1921).djvu/76
"I am quite ready to speak for my friend," said Bernard, "but I am not ready to speak for Miss Vivian."
"Well, I am," Blanche declared. "She won't marry him."
"If she doesn't I'll eat my hat!" said Captain Lovelock. "What do you mean by saying that in America a pretty girl's mother doesn't care for a young man's property?"
"Well, they don't—we consider that dreadful. Why don't you say so, Mr. Longueville?" Blanche demanded. "I never saw any one take things so quietly. Haven't you got any patriotism?"
"My patriotism is modified by an indisposition to generalise," said Bernard, laughing. "On this point permit me not to generalise. I am interested in the particular case—in ascertaining whether Mrs. Vivian thinks very often of Gordon Wright's income."
Miss Evers gave a little toss of disgust.
"If you are so awfully impartial, you had better go and ask her."
"That's a good idea—I think I will go and ask her," said Bernard.
Captain Lovelock returned to his argument.
"Do you mean to say that your mother would be indifferent to the fact that I haven't a shilling in the world?"
"Indifferent?" Blanche demanded. "Oh no, she would be sorry for you. She is very charitable—she would give you a shilling!"
"She wouldn't let you marry me," said Lovelock.
"She wouldn't have much trouble to prevent it!" cried the young girl.
Bernard had had enough of this intellectual fencing.
"Yes, I will go and ask Mrs. Vivian," he repeated. And he left his companions to resume their walk. 68 | WIKI |
Can Allegra cause insomnia?
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride may cause mild CNS stimulation in hypersensitive patients. Nervousness, excitability, restlessness, dizziness, weakness, or insomnia may occur. Headache, drowsiness, tachycardia, palpitation, pressor activity, cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic colitis have been reported.
Can Allegra keep you awake at night?
Use the right medications
“Antihistamines help with itching and sneezing, but alone do nothing to help the congestion that keeps you up at night.” Decongestants are the “D” part in allergy medications like Allegra-D®, but they can have a stimulant effect that disrupts sleep in some people.
What are the side effects of Allegra?
What Are Side Effects of Allegra?
• nausea,
• diarrhea,
• upset stomach,
• muscle or back discomfort or pain,
• sleepiness,
• drowsiness,
• tiredness,
• headache, and.
Can antihistamines cause insomnia?
Antihistamines used to treat colds and allergies cause drowsiness in most people. Worse, this medication side effect can be long-lasting. “Antihistamines can continue to cause drowsiness six to eight hours after taking them,” notes Wellman. Decongestants have the opposite effect, causing insomnia.
IT IS INTERESTING: Does Zyrtec help with mold allergies?
Can Allegra D cause insomnia?
Nervousness, excitability, restlessness, dizziness, weakness, or insomnia may occur.
Can Allegra make you anxious?
Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: fast/irregular/pounding heartbeat, shaking (tremor), mental/mood changes (such as anxiety, confusion, nervousness, restlessness), problems urinating.
Can’t sleep at night due to allergies?
A runny or stuffy nose can make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. A good way to relieve your nighttime symptoms is by clearing out your nasal passages just before you go to bed. You can use a saline spray if you wish. You won’t need to be concerned about side effects, as saline sprays are drug-free.
Is it bad to take Allegra everyday?
May be given daily on a regular basis when allergens are most prevalent (such as during spring or summer). Fexofenadine is approved for use in children older than 6 months with chronic urticaria and those older than two years with seasonal allergic rhinitis. No dosage adjustment is required in liver disease.
What should you not take with Allegra?
Do not take fexofenadine with fruit juice (such as apple, orange, or grapefruit). These juices can make it harder for your body to absorb fexofenadine. Avoid taking an antacid within 2 hours before or after you take fexofenadine. Certain antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb this medicine.
Should I take Allegra at night?
Allegra can be taken at night or in the morning, depending on which time of day you experience the worst symptoms. If you experience worse allergy symptoms at night or early in the morning, you can try taking Allegra in the evening. If you experience worse symptoms throughout the day, you can take it in the morning.
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: Can you dissolve Benadryl?
What is the strongest antihistamine for sleep?
Common choices and the potential side effects include:
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Aleve PM, others). Diphenhydramine is a sedating antihistamine. …
• Doxylamine succinate (Unisom SleepTabs). Doxylamine is also a sedating antihistamine. …
• Melatonin. The hormone melatonin helps control your natural sleep-wake cycle. …
• Valerian.
How can I get rid of insomnia fast?
Here are some tips for beating insomnia.
1. Wake up at the same time each day. …
2. Eliminate alcohol and stimulants like nicotine and caffeine. …
3. Limit naps. …
4. Exercise regularly. …
5. Limit activities in bed. …
6. Do not eat or drink right before going to bed. …
7. Make your sleeping environment comfortable.
What is the safest sleep aid?
Chamomile is widely available in health food stores and supermarkets. Chamomile’s effectiveness as a sleep aid has not been widely researched in humans, but in animal studies it has been shown to be a safe and mild sleep aid.
Does Allegra make your throat dry?
Antihistamines used for allergies and asthma also cause dry mouth. Atarax and Vistaril (hydroxyzine hydrochloride), Clarinex (desloratadine), Xyzal (levocetirizine), Allegra (fexofenadine), Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Claritin (loratadine) and Zyrtec (cetirizine) can all leave you with a dry mouth.19 мая 2015 г.
What do you do about insomnia?
Basic tips:
1. Stick to a sleep schedule. Keep your bedtime and wake time consistent from day to day, including on weekends.
2. Stay active. …
3. Check your medications. …
4. Avoid or limit naps. …
5. Avoid or limit caffeine and alcohol and don’t use nicotine. …
6. Don’t put up with pain. …
7. Avoid large meals and beverages before bed.
IT IS INTERESTING: Is it OK to take Tylenol with Claritin D?
Can allegra cause heart palpitations?
Avoid the “D” for decongestants, which can raise blood pressure or cause heart palpitations. Popular allergy medications include decongestants to help relieve allergy symptoms, and manufacturers of these drugs will add “D” to their packaging, such as Claritin-D or Allegra-D.
No runny nose | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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JavaScript AngularJS Basics (1.x) Services in Angular Using Services To Get Data
JSON object being parsed into a string?
For some reason my JSON object is being parsed over using the $http.get service into a string? I have tried re-structuring it into a regular array, and it sill being translated as a string? I have no idea why it is doing this.
Here is my JSON object (document named cloudTerms.json):
[
{category: "secondary",
term: "test1" }
];
Here is my service and controller:
angular.js
angular.module("todoListApp",[])
.controller("mainCtrl", function($scope, dataService){
$scope.addTerm = function(){ };
dataService.getCloudTerms(
function(response) {
console.log(response.data);
$scope.cloudTerms = response.data;
console.log($scope.cloudTerms);
}
);
})
.service("dataService", function($http){
this.getCloudTerms = function(callback){
$http.get('data/cloudTerms.json')
.then(callback);
}
})
and here's my html:
<div id="themeCloud" ng-controller="mainCtrl">
<div class="output" ng-repeat="cloudTerm in cloudTerms">
<h1>{{cloudTerm.category}}</h1>
<h2>{{cloudTerm.term}}</h2>
<hr/>
</div>
{{cloudTerms}}
</div>
Again, keep in mind the data IS being successfully transferred over, but the application is rendering it as a string rather than an array. Thanks!
1 Answer
akak
akak
29,445 Points
Try parsing the json before using it:
dataService.getCloudTerms(function(response) {
$scope.cloudTerms = JSON.parse(response.data);
}); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
blackhole
BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX
Science says Employ Mindset of Paradox. According to research, embracing contradictions can help one become more innovative, which may lead to greater success. A paradox is essentially a disagreement between two well-established theories. Throughout history, paradoxes have challenged almost everything we know even while reshaping our perceptions. Without an issue or a need, there can be no progress.
“In space no one can hear you scream;
And in black hole,
No one can see you disappear.
Stephen Hawking, “Black holes: the Reith lectures”
Today one of the major paradoxes in the universe threatens to dismantle the fields of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics and that is the black hole information paradox. First, we have to understand two contradictory theories, Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity.
Quantum Mechanics:
It was figured to unify all theories and forces. Because it is a probabilistic theory, it cannot be used to predict what would happen accurately. In quantum theory, this isn’t true makes no sense. This is why Einstein was so vehemently opposed to the theory, and he famously stated, “God doesn’t play dice.” One consequence of this is that information is never truly lost or copied; at the very least, you can always determine how a system began (its initial state) from complete information about how it ends (its final state).
General Relativity:
Gravity is viewed as a direct consequence of the distortion of space and time. The Theory of Relativity is not a probabilistic theory like Quantum Mechanics; it foresees exactly what will happen rather than probabilities for various events to occur. It is well understood that black holes are formed by extremely compact and massive objects. Gravity becomes enormously strong in their vicinity, strong enough to vastly deform space-time, with the result that any object that came too close and enters the black hole’s horizon — a surface of no-return — can never escape.
What is Event Horizon?
A black body’s horizon is not a physical location that can be seen, but rather a location/boundary beyond which escape is unattainable. A well-known analogy is a boat approaching a waterfall. Once the boat passes a no-return curve, its engine will be unable to fight the current and will inevitably sail away. However, the captain of the boat will not notice this border; its significance will become clear only when the captain attempts to avoid disaster. Similarly, when crossing the horizon in GR, one observes nothing; it is only when attempting to escape the black hole that one recognises — oops!! [1]
A pictorial depiction of event horizon in the form of waterfall.
A pictorial depiction of event horizon
What do we mean by ‘Information’?
Information can be anything visible to the naked eye, but physicists consider information to be what makes up that specific object, such as atoms and their properties like position, spin, and velocity. And it’s referred to as quantum information. The interesting thing is that every object in the universe has its own set of properties. Another law states that the total amount of quantum information in the world must remain constant. It is known as information conservation. Even if we ruin the object, the physical information it incorporates can be demolished, but the quantum information it comprises is never destroyed/lost. And now that we have that information, we can rebuild the ruined object. Modern science is based on this rule of conservation of information.
The Black Hole Paradox:
The paradox arose after Hawking showed, that black holes surrounded by quantum fields actually will radiate particles (Hawking radiation) and diminish in size, eventually evaporating completely. And when the two objects get stuck inside the black hole, the black hole radiates and then the black hole disappears. Where did the information about two objects go? If it disappeared along with the black hole, that violates quantum theory.
Quantum theory must be modified.
((1) Shells of matter collapse; (2) A horizon forms, and Hawking radiation (in the form of particles of zero or low mass, such as photons or neutrinos or gravitons) emerges from the horizon; (3) the Hawking radiation carries off energy, causing the black hole’s size and mass to shrink; (4) eventually the black hole evaporates completely, leaving only the Hawking radiation behind. Naively at least, it seems that the information about what went into the black hole is gone, violating the principles of quantum theory. Must quantum theory be changed?)
That being said, if we believe that information came out in the form of Hawking radiation, this is physically impossible because information cannot come out of a black hole due to its enormous gravity. Of course, it’s plausible that our understanding of quantum theory is incomplete, and that the physics of black holes pushes us to broaden that theory, much like Einstein did with his theory of relativity. And Hawking held this belief for 30 years. Many scientists, nevertheless, believed that General Relativity, rather than Quantum Mechanics, required an upgrade. [2]
Complementarity: upgrade for General Relativity
In 1992, a proposal known as “complementarity” was made, implying that information could be both inside and outside the body without infringing quantum theory. The spectator is outside the blackhole and sees information on the horizon. And the information is released in the form of Hawkins radiation. And there is no paradox if an observer falls into a black hole and sees information inside the black hole because two observers cannot communicate. If this theory is right, Quantum Mechanics, but not General Relativity, require an upgrade.
Complimentarity
(Complementarity suggests it depends on one’s perspective. Observers outside see the information (2a) being stored just outside, where it can later be (3a) transferred to the Hawking radiation. Only observers falling in (2b) see the information is being inside)
However, this has yet to be proven, and it requires strange things to be true in order for the theory to be precise. One of the strangest of these is ‘holography.’ The notion is to consider the the inside of a blackhole in 2D rather than 3D because gravity does not play a role in 2D as it does in 3D. Complementarity necessitates that everything that happens inside a black hole can be described just as well as if it were happening outside the black hole. As strange as it may sound, string theory (a theory that is a quantum generalisation of general relativity and is a candidate for a theory of the laws of nature in our universe) is actually equivalent to a quantum theory in some situations without gravity and with fewer dimensions. This relationship, known variously as “AdS/CFT” or the “field/string” correspondence.
holography
The success of holography gave additional credibility to the complementarity idea. Furthermore, the field/string correspondence allowed for a very strong argument (perhaps a proof?) that small black holes can form and evaporate in the string theory via a process that can be described by the corresponding quantum field theory (though not explicitly) — and which, therefore, as in all processes in any quantum theory, does preserve information! By 2005, even Hawking had come around to this point of view — that in fact, as the complementarity proposal had suggested, we do not lose information in black holes, and that general relativity, but not quantum theory, must be modified.[3]
Want to know more about stuff like this? Then hit the I am curious button. Please share your feedback and share and comment.
References
[1] TED-Ed. (2019, October 22). Hawking’s black hole paradox explained – Fabio Pacucci [Video]. YouTube.
[2] Jacobson, T. (2013). Boundary Unitary and the Blackhole Information Paradox. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 22(12), 1342002.
[3] Black Hole Information Paradox: An Introduction
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
mlzboy mlzboy - 2 years ago 149
Python Question
Does python urllib2 automatically uncompress gzip data fetched from webpage?
I'm using
data=urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
I want to know:
1. How can I tell if the data at a URL is gzipped?
2. Does urllib2 automatically uncompress the data if it is gzipped? Will the data always be a string?
ars ars
Answer Source
1. How can I tell if the data at a URL is gzipped?
This checks if the content is gzipped and decompresses it:
from StringIO import StringIO
import gzip
request = urllib2.Request('http://example.com/')
request.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'gzip')
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
if response.info().get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip':
buf = StringIO( response.read())
f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
data = f.read()
1. Does urllib2 automatically uncompress the data if it is gzipped? Will the data always be a string?
No. The urllib2 doesn't automatically uncompress the data because the 'Accept-Encoding' header is not set by the urllib2 but by you using: request.add_header('Accept-Encoding','gzip, deflate')
Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1827) Vol 1.djvu/422
398 THE DECLINE AND FALL CHAP, man sports of the amphitheatre. Disdaining to shed their blood for the amusement of the populace, they killed their keepers, broke from the place of their con- finement, and filled the streets of Rome with blood and confusion. After an obstinate resistance, they were overpowered and cut in pieces by the regular forces ; but they obtained at least an honourable death, and the satisfaction of a just revenge ''. His disci- The military discipline which reigned in the camps P me. ^^ Probus was less cruel than that of Aurelian, but it was equally rigid and exact. The latter had punished the irregularities of ihe soldiers with unrelenting seve- rity; the former prevented them by employing the legions in constant and useful labours. When Probus commanded in Egypt, he executed many considerable works for the splendour and benefit of that rich coun- try. The navigation of the Nile, so important to Rome itself, was improved ; and temples, bridges, porticoes, and palaces, were constructed by the hands of the sol- diers, who acted by turns as architects, as engineers, and as husbandmen ^ It was reported of Hannibal, that, in order to preserve his troops from the danger- ous temptations of idleness, he had obliged them to form large plantations of olive trees along the coast of Africa™. From a similar principle, Probus exercised his legions in covering with rich vineyards the hills of Gaul and Pannonia; and two considerable spots are described, which were entirely dug and planted by military labour^ One of these, known under the name of mount Almo, was situated near Sirmium, the coun- try where Probus was born, for which he ever retained a partial affection, and whose gratitude he endeavoured to secure, by converting into tillage a large and un- ^ Zosira. 1. i. p. 66. ' Hist. August, p. 236. ™ Aurel. Victor in Piob. But the policy of Hannibal, unnoticed by any more ancient writer, is irreconcileable with the history of his life. He left Africa when he was nine years old, returned to it when he was forty-five, and immediately lost his army in the decisive battle of Zama. Liv. xxx. 37. n Hist. August, p. 240; i:utrop. ix. 17; Aurel. Victor in Prob. ; Victor junior. He revoked the prohibition of Domitian, and granted a general per- mission of planting vines to the Gauls, the Britons, and the Pannonians. | WIKI |
What does a geologist do and why does it matter?
21/04/2020
We've all heard the word geology. It is some kind of science for nerds that study stones. Well, if being a nerd refers to studying how the Earth works and why it matters to humanity, then yes, it is a science for stone-staring nerds!
© Kathelijne Bonne
Geology is the science that studies the Earth. In the widest sense possible.
Let's look at what geologists do and why we need them. There are four species of geologists.
Natural resources
One abundant species studies the Earth's natural resources. The first resource that springs to mind is petroleum. You're right. Geologists are at the forefront of modern society. Forget driving your car or booking a plane without geologists finding fuel for you.
Other resources are minerals. Some are gems, sustaining the huge market of vanity, other minerals are needed for industry. Like the little particles in your phone. Whether these actions are healthy for the planet is another discussion. We won't go there now. Groundwater is also a natural resource largely managed by geologists and soil scientists. We need groundwater to drink and without it, plants can't grow. You can imagine what happens to agriculture and food production without proper management of groundwater.
Long-gone times
The second species of geologists is in research. In universities and laboratories. They are part of a larger community of scientists studying the origin of the planet, the evolution of life. Basically, geologists look at everything that happened in the past, in prehistoric times. Since the birth of the Earth, until today. They look at all the climate changes that already happened and how they transformed Earth and life. They look at the animals, plants and other organisms that existed in long-gone times. They try to find out where the continents and oceans lay in the past. If you've already heard about continental drift, you know the continents weren't always in the same place.
Why do we need to know what happened in the past?
To understand the planet we live on, and how we can live with it. To predict the future. And to help us see how wonderful and unique life and the Earth are!
To know what happened before, you have to study rocks. Because the signs of life and climate change are locked up in the rocks. How do you think we know there were once dinosaurs? And when? And how they died? We know those things, thanks to geologists with their hammers and magnifiers, going out in the field and looking at stones in a lab. All we know of the past is by studying rocks and stones. Stone-staring nerds are hence crucial to society.
Natural disasters
The third type of geologist tries to understand natural hazards. Floods, tsunamis, volcanoes, avalanches, landslides, earthquakes. They are all caused by geological processes or are somehow related to it. Climate modelling also involves geology. Because climate is generated by the Earth's rotation, ocean currents, ocean temperature, mountains, and atmosphere. All these systems are linked.
Bridges and tunnels
The fourth group is in engineering. Because you really don't want to build large buildings, dikes, dams, tunnels or bridges without consulting a geologist first. Oh, and let's not forget the geologists and earth scientists that are increasingly employed in the industry of sustainable energy sources, studying wind, solar and hydro sources of energy.
Even though the importance of geology is not so evident in your daily life, it stands central in everything there is to know about Earth. We need knowledge of geology in modern society. And humans are part of Earth, no matter how far removed your life is from nature.
You can't escape geology!
---- | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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