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Leon Kratzer
Leon Kratzer (born 4 February 1997) is a German professional basketball player for Paris Basketball of the LNB Pro A.
Professional career
The son of former professional basketball player Marc Suhr, a 7-foot center who won four caps for the German men's national team during his career, Kratzer started out with BBC Bayreuth’s youth team at age 12, moving on to the Brose Bamberg youth program in 2012. Representing Bamberg's development squad Baunach Young Pikes, he made his debut in Germany's third-tier ProB during the 2013-14 season, helping the team win promotion to ProA that year. Kratzer made his first appearances in Germany's top-flight Basketball Bundesliga for Bamberg in the 2016-17 campaign, while still being a regular in the reserve team. Averaging 14.6 points, 12.7 rebounds and 1.5 blocks a game for Baunach in 2016-17, he garnered ProA Player of the Year honors.
Looking to take the next step in his career and to gain more playing time in the Bundesliga, he signed on loan for s.Oliver Würzburg in June 2017.
On 20 November 2018 he signed with Skyliners Frankfurt of the Basketball Bundesliga.
On 31 July 2020 he signed with Telekom Baskets Bonn of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). In 2023 Kratzer won the Basketball Champions League with Bonn, remaining scoreless in the final against Hapoel Jerusalem, but contributing a team-high six rebounds.
On 8 July 2023 he signed with Paris Basketball of the LNB Pro A (BBL).
International career
Kratzer represented the German junior national teams at the 2013 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championships, the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championships, 2016 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championships and 2017 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championships. | WIKI |
Home » Branch Instruction in Computer Organization
Branch Instruction in Computer Organization
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Branch Instruction in Computer Organization
A branch is an instruction in a computer program that can cause a computer to begin executing a different instruction sequence and thus deviate from its default behaviour of executing instructions in order. Branch may also refer to the act of switching execution to a different instruction sequence as a result of executing a branch instruction. Branch instructions are used to implement control flow in program loops and conditionals (i.e., executing a particular sequence of instructions only if certain conditions are satisfied).
A branch instruction can be either an unconditional branch, which always results in branching or a conditional branch, which may or may not cause branching depending on some condition. Also, depending on how it specifies the address of the new instruction sequence (the target address).
A branch instruction is generally classified as direct, indirect or relative. It means the instruction contains the target address, specifies where the target address is to be found (e.g., a register or memory location), or specifies the difference between the current and target addresses. A branch instruction computes the target address in one of four ways:
• A target address is the sum of a constant and the address of the branch instruction itself.
• The target address is the absolute address given as an operand to the instruction.
• The target address is the address found in the Link Register.
• The target address is the address found in Count Register.
The target address can be computed sufficiently ahead of the branch to pre-fetch instructions along the target path using the first two methods.
Using the third and fourth methods, pre-fetching instructions along the branch path is also possible provided the Link Register or Count Register is loaded sufficiently ahead of the branch instruction.
Types of Brach Instructions
There are three types of branching instructions in computer organization:
Branch Instruction in Computer Organization
1. Jump Instructions
The jump instruction transfers the program sequence to the memory address given in the operand based on the specified flag. Jump instructions are further divided into two parts, Unconditional Jump Instructions and Conditional Jump Instructions.
• Unconditional Jump Instructions:Transfers the program sequence to the described memory address.
• Conditional Jump Instructions: Transfers the program sequences to the described memory address only if the condition is satisfied.
2. Call Instructions
The call instruction transfers the program sequence to the memory address given in the operand. Before transferring, the address of the next instruction after CALL is pushed onto the stack. Call instructions are also two types: Unconditional Call Instructions and Conditional Call Instructions.
• Unconditional Call Instructions:It transfers the program sequence to the memory address given in the operand.
• Conditional Call Instructions:Only if the condition is satisfied, the instructions execute.
3. Return Instructions
The return instruction transfers the program sequence from the subroutine to the calling program. Return instructions are two types: Unconditional Jump Instructions and Conditional Jump Instructions.
• Unconditional Return Instruction:The program sequence is transferred unconditionally from the subroutine to the calling program.
• Conditional Return Instruction: The program sequence is transferred unconditionally from the subroutine to the calling program only if the condition is satisfied.
Implementation of Branch Instruction
Mechanically, a branch instruction can change the program counter of a CPU. The program counter stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed. Therefore, a branch can cause the CPU to begin fetching its instructions from a different sequence of memory cells. Machine level branch instructions are sometimes called jump instructions.
1. Machine level jump instructions typically have unconditional and conditional forms where the latter may be takenor not taken depending on some condition. Usually, there are distinct forms for one-way jump, called jump and subroutine invocations are known as a call, which automatically saves the originating address as a return address on the stack, allowing a single subroutine to be invoked from multiple locations in code.
• When a branch is taken, the CPU’s program counter is set to the argumentof the jump instruction. So, the next instruction becomes the instruction at that address in memory. Therefore, the flow of control changes.
• When a branch is not taken, the CPU’s program counter is unchanged. Therefore, the next instruction executed is the instruction after the branch instruction. Therefore, the flow of control is unchanged.
2. The term branch can refer to programs in high-level languages and written in machine codeor assembly language.
• In high-level programming languages, branches usually take the form of conditional statementsof various forms that encapsulate the instruction sequence that will be executed if the conditions are satisfied.
• Unconditional branch instructions such as GOTOare used to unconditionally “jump” to (begin execution of) a different instruction sequence.
3. In CPUs with flag registers, an earlier instruction sets a condition in the flag register. The earlier instruction may be arithmetic or logic It is often close to the branch, though not necessarily the instruction immediatelybefore the branch.
• The stored condition is then used in a branch such as a jump if overflow-flag set.
• This temporary information is often stored in a flag register but may also be located elsewhere.
• A flag register design is simple in slower, simple computers. A flag register can place a bottleneck on speed in fast computers because instructions that could operate in parallel need to set the flag bits in a particular sequence.
4. There are also machines or particular instructions where the condition may be checked by the jump instruction itself, such as branch <label> if register X negative. In simple computer designs, comparison branches execute more arithmetic and use more power than flag register branches.
• Computer design comparison branches can run faster than flag register branches because comparison branches can access the registers with more parallelism, using the same CPU mechanisms as a calculation.
5. Some early and simple CPU architectures, still found in microcontrollers, may not implement a conditional jump but rather a conditional “skip the next instruction” operation. A conditional jump or call is thus implemented as a conditional skip of an unconditional jump or call instruction.
Handling of Branch Instructions
Branch instructions can handle in several ways to reduce their negative impact on the rate of execution of instructions.
Branch Instruction in Computer Organization
1. Branch delay slot
The processor fetches the next instructions before it determines whether the current instruction is a branch instruction. When execution of current instruction is completed, and a branch is to be made, the processor must discard remaining instructions and fetch the new branched instruction at the branch target. The location following a branch instruction is called a branch delay slot. Depending on the time to execute a branch instruction, there may be more than one branch delay slot.
A technique called delayed branching can minimize the penalty incurred as a result of conditional branch instructions. The instructions in the delay slots are always fetched. Therefore, we would like to arrange for them to be fully executed whether the branch is taken or not taken. The objective is to be able to place useful instructions in these slots. If no useful instructions can be placed in the delay slots, these slots must be filled with NOP instructions.
2. Branch prediction
Branch prediction took statistics and used the result to optimize code. A programmer would compile a test version of a program and run it with test data.
• The test code counted how the branches were taken.
• The compiler then used the statistics from the test code to optimize the branches of the released code. The optimization would arrange that the fastest branch direction (taken or not) would always be the most frequently taken control flow path.
• To permit this, CPUs must be designed with predictable branch timing. Some CPUs have instruction sets designed with “branch hints” so that a compiler can tell a CPU how each branch is to be taken.
The problem with software branch prediction is that it requires a complex software development process.
3. Branch-free code
Some logic can be written without branches or with fewer branches. It is often possible to use bitwise operations, conditional moves or other predication instead of branches. Branch-free code is a must for cryptography due to timing attacks.
4. Hardware branch predictors
To run any software, hardware branch predictors moved the statistics into the electronics. Branch predictors are parts of a processor that guess the outcome of a conditional branch. Then the processor’s logic gambles on the guess by beginning to execute the expected instruction flow.
An example of a simple hardware branch prediction scheme is to assume that all backward branches (to a smaller program counter) are taken (because they are part of a loop), and all forward branches (to a larger program counter) are not taken (because they leave a loop).
Better branch predictors are developed and validated statistically by running them in simulation on various test programs. Good predictors usually count the outcomes of previous executions of a branch.
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Christiane Schmidtmer
Christiane Schmidtmer (24 December 1939 – 13 March 2003) was a German actress, fashion model, nude model, and memoirist.
Early life
Christiane Schmidtmer was born in Mannheim, Germany, to Gertrud and Jakob Schmidtmer on Christmas Eve 1939. She took acting lessons in Munich and worked in the stage in Germany for around 4 years (1961-1963), then Christiane turned to photographic modeling for several German pornographic magazines, and later, Playboy. Before acting in film, she also modeled for advertising companies, namely Max Factor cosmetics. Her father disappeared in Russia during the war. The family later relocated from Mannheim to nearby Heidelberg after her mother remarried.
At the age of 17, her mother sent her to London, where Christiane attended St Giles School to learn English. After her stay, she returned to Heidelberg and attended the local Hölderlin-Gymnasium (academic high school) from which she graduated during the late 1950s.
In 1959 against strong family opposition – her mother wanted her to follow a career in medicine – Christiane Schmidtmer moved to Munich, where she began taking acting lessons. During that time, she performed in afternoon stage productions for children.
Career
Schmidtmer worked onstage in Germany from 1961–63, then turned to photographic modelling for German fashion and nude magazines and later, Playboy in the USA. She modelled for advertising companies, namely Max Factor Cosmetics, before she started her movie career. She was hired as their featured model and introduced at the New York World's Fair in 1964 followed by an American tour with visits to Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Chicago. After her return to Los Angeles, she met polyglot language teacher and publisher Michel Thomas for the first time in August 1965 at the Chateau Marmont Hotel. The two began a long love relationship a short time later.
She appeared in German TV and movie productions, such as Rolf Hädrich's Stop Train 349. During the filming in Berlin and England, she befriended co-star José Ferrer. The friendship lasted until Ferrer's death in 1992. He later recommended her to Stanley Kramer for his production of Ship of Fools, her first US film in which she played Ferrer's beautiful mistress. She played the evil prison wardress in The Big Doll House (1971) and Lufthansa stewardess Lise Bruner in Boeing Boeing.
Schmidtmer was one of just a few German actresses successful in 1960s Hollywood, and was praised by critics as the most exciting German import since Marlene Dietrich. Schmidtmer, with her attractive and typically German appearance, was often reduced to playing the "attractive German". Her nickname which stuck throughout her career was "Liebesbombe"/"Love Bomb". A 1965 article in the New York Times described her as a "chesty wonder".
Throughout the 1970s and towards the end of her career, Schmidtmer appeared in numerous US talk shows, television series, and B-movie productions such as The Giant Spider Invasion (1975). In 1981, she appeared in Hot Bubblegum – one of the sequels in the Israeli Eskimo Limon series. Most sources list this as her last film; in it she portrayed a nymphomaniac piano teacher.
Schmidtmer continued to do commercials and voiceover work in a number of productions.
Later years and death
Following her movie career, Schmidtmer worked as a licensed real estate agent in Southern California. She lived both in the US and Heidelberg. In 1980, shortly before ending her movie career, she published her autobiography My Wild Nights in Hollywood in German magazines, which detailed her claimed affairs with many actors, including a relationship with Glenn Ford. It was later translated into several languages. During that time, she lived in Munich-Schwabing.
In 1995, Schmidtmer permanently moved back to Germany. She led a quiet life, but her own health started to fail. Schmidtmer died in her sleep on 13 March 2003 at her home in Heidelberg, Germany, from natural causes following an accident. Schmidtmer is interred at the family grave in Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim.
Filmography
* Geld sofort (1961, TV Short) as die Sekretärin
* Ein Todesfall wird vorbereitet (1963, TV movie) as Sandra Williams
* Stop Train 349 (1963) as Karin
* Hafenpolizei (1963, TV Series) as Hannelore
* Fanny Hill (1964) as Fiona
* Sechs Stunden Angst (1964, TV movie) as Carla de la Osta
* (1965) as Miranda (uncredited)
* Ship of Fools (1965) as Lizzi
* Boeing Boeing (1965) as Lise Bruner / Lufthansa
* Blue Light (1966, TV series) as Erika von Lindendorf
* The Wild Wild West (1966, TV Series) as Lucretia Ivronin
* 12 O'Clock High (1966, TV series) as Frieda von Heurtzel
* I Deal in Danger (1966) as Erika von Lindendorf
* Hogan's Heroes (1968, TV series) as Heidi Baum
* Our Doctor is the Best (1969) as Frau Janssen
* The Most Deadly Game (1970, TV Series) as Bettina
* The Big Doll House (1971) as Miss Dietrich
* Scream, Pretty Peggy (1973, TV movie) as Jennifer Elliot
* Police Story (1974-1976, TV series) as Lynn / Hilda
* Airport 1975 (1974) as Angie Bell - Passenger (uncredited)
* The Specialist (1975) as Nude Model
* Half a House (1975) as Gina
* The Giant Spider Invasion (1975) as Helga (wrongly credited as Christiana Schmidtmer)
* Wonder Woman (1977, TV Series) as Lisa Engel
* Star Struck (1978, short) as Kimberly Shaw
* Half a House (1979) as Gina
* Hot Bubblegum (1981) as Fritzi (final film role) | WIKI |
We’re taking extra steps to ensure your eyecare needs are safely met during the COVID-19 pandemic. Click here to learn more.
Common Terms
Myopia
Myopia, (nearsightedness), is a refractive error, which means that the eye does not bend or refract light properly to a single focus to see images clearly. In myopia, close objects look clear but distant objects appear blurred.Myopia is a common condition that affects an estimated 25 percent of Americans. It is an eye focusing disorder, not an eye disease.
Hyperopia
Hyperopia, (farsightedness), is a refractive error, which means that the eye does not bend or refract light properly to a single focus to see images clearly. In hyperopia, distant objects look somewhat clear, but close objects appear more blurred.
Presbyopia
Presbyopia (which literally means "aging eye") is an age-related eye condition that makes it more difficult to see very close.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism Graphic
Astigmatism is an imperfection in the curvature of your cornea — the clear, round dome covering the eye's iris and pupil — or in the shape of the eye's lens. Normally, the cornea and lens are smooth and curved equally in all directions, helping to focus light rays sharply onto the retina at the back of your eye. However, if your cornea or lens isn't smooth and evenly curved, light rays aren't refracted properly. This is called a refractive error.
At Marion Eye Centers, we guarantee the lowest price on eyeglasses, contacts, readers, and all of our accessories. Visit us at one of our convenient 36 locations throughout Southern Illinois and Southeast Missouri. You do not have to travel long distances to receive excellent eye care. Feel free to complete our convenient online contact form or call to schedule an appointment with one of our specialists.
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Tag Archives: visualstudio
I want to set a Windows Environment Variable for my whole user login session
Use setx to permanently set an environment variable
If you’ve used windows environment variables at all, you’ve probably wished you could set them in a command window for use in another program.
You can’t change the environment of an already-running program – the environment is copied when a program starts – but you can set environments values for your user session that will be picked up by any new programs you launch with setx:
setx myvariable thenewvalue
Much easier than right-clicking to get to My Computer properties.
setx /? will also tell you about setting permanent, machine-wide and remote machine environment values.
setx comes with Windows 7 or in the Windows Resouce Kit.
How to unset a variable set with setx
setx myvariable ""
See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/195050 for more details.
Asp.net / IIS7 : System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly
You have something like this:
Server Error in ‘/Vendorapplication’ Application.
Could not load file or assembly ‘Oracle.DataAccess’ or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format.
Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
Exception Details: System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly ‘Oracle.DataAccess’ or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format.
Source Error:
An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below.
It’s because you are trying to run 32 bit dlls on a 64 bit system. Fix it in IIS manager by changing the advanced settings on you application pool to enable 32 bit applications. Or create a new app pool specifically for them.
Alex James Brown has a nice picture: change app pool to 32 bit
There is a duplicate system.web.extensions/scripting/scriptResourceHandler section defined
Scenario:
You’ve been working with no problems probably in VS2008 on web app written on .net 2 or .net 3.5 or .net 3.5 sp1 and then you try running on a machine with windows 7 or vista running IIS7 and you get this error message…
Simples. It’s comes of running your .Net 2 (you did know that a .Net 3.5 app actually runs on .Net 2 didn’t you?) app under .Net 4. Fix it by changing the app pool for your web app to the pre-defined “Classic .Net App Pool”, which runs .Net framework 3
Run a dotNet 2 or dotNet 3 or dotNet 35 app under IIS7 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
HTRA1 Disorder
Review
In: GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993.
[updated ].
Excerpt
Clinical characteristics: HTRA1 disorder is a phenotypic spectrum in which some individuals have few to no symptoms and others manifest with the more severe CARASIL (cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) phenotype. Those who have a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant may have mild neurologic findings (sometimes identified only on neuroimaging) or mild-to-moderate neurologic signs and symptoms of CARASIL. In this chapter, the term "classic CARASIL" refers to the more severe phenotype associated with biallelic pathogenic variants, and "HTRA1 cerebral small vessel disease" (HTRA1-CSVD) refers to the milder phenotype associated with a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant.
1. Classic CARASIL is characterized by early-onset changes in the deep white matter of the brain observed on MRI, and associated neurologic findings. The most frequent initial symptom is gait disturbance from spasticity beginning between ages 20 and 40 years. Forty-four percent of affected individuals have stroke-like episodes before age 40 years. Mood changes (apathy and irritability), pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive dysfunction begin between ages 20 and 50 years. The disease progresses slowly following the onset of neurologic symptoms. Scalp alopecia and acute mid- to lower-back pain (lumbago) before age 30 years are characteristic.
2. The most frequent initial symptom in individuals with HTRA1-CSVD is slowly progressive gait disturbance after age 40 years, which may be followed by the development of mood changes and cognitive dysfunction. A majority of affected individuals have a stroke-like episode after age 40 years. Spondylosis and alopecia are seen in a minority of individuals with HTRA1-CSVD.
Diagnosis/testing: The diagnosis of HTRA1 disorder is established in a proband by identification of either a heterozygous or biallelic pathogenic variant(s) in HTRA1 on molecular genetic testing.
Management: Treatment of manifestations: Consideration of anti-platelet therapy and anti-hypertensive therapy for those with cerebral microbleeds; physical therapy, walking aids, and home adaptations for those with gait disturbance; consideration of medication (baclofen or tizanidine) for spasticity; wig or hairpiece for those with alopecia; standard treatment for spinal spondylosis and mood disorder; supportive care including emotional support and counseling for affected individuals and their families.
Surveillance: Follow-up intervals are based on the severity and type of symptoms and the needs of the individuals and their caregivers.
Agents/circumstances to avoid: Smoking and a high-salt diet, which may hasten the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Genetic counseling: HTRA1 disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants (i.e., the classic CARASIL phenotype) is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. HTRA1 disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
1. Autosomal recessive inheritance. At conception, each sib of an affected individual has a 25% chance of inheriting both HTRA1 pathogenic variants and being affected, a 50% chance of inheriting one pathogenic variant and being heterozygous, and a 25% chance of inheriting neither pathogenic variant and not being at risk for HTRA1 disorder.
2. Autosomal dominant inheritance. Each sib of an affected individual has a 50% risk of inheriting the pathogenic variant from their affected parent.
Once the HTRA1 pathogenic variant(s) have been identified in an affected family member, prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk and preimplantation genetic testing for HTRA1 disorder are possible.
Publication types
• Review | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Soft Drinks
BENEFITS
o Isotonic drinks help to replace lost fluid and energy very quickly after vigorous activity
DRAWBACKS
o Can be high in sugar, which may contribute towards tooth decay
o Acidic drinks can erode the enamel on your teeth
o Ii is possible to consume excessive amounts of caffeine if you drink too many cola drinks, as well as coffee
Most sweetened soft drinks provide empty ‘calories’; they supply plenty of energy, but no other useful nutrients. Typically, a 330ml (10½fl oz) can of a regular, non-diet cola drink contains just over seven teaspoons of SUGAR. Too many sweet drinks can therefore contribute to weight problems as well as to TOOTH AND GUM DISORDERS.
There are, however, an increasing number of low-calorie, sugar-free soft drinks now available. Some of them claim to be good for you. Isotonic drinks, which are specifically produced for sports enthusiasts, are designed to boost energy – and to replace the electrolytes (mineral salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride) that are lost through sweating. The isotonic drinks usually contain 5 percent sugar, which allows the water in the drink to he absorbed much more quickly by the body than from a glass of pure water.
FIZZY DRINKS AND SQUASHES
The original cola drink was invented in 1886 when John Styth Pemherton, a pharmacist in Atlanta, USA, concocted a mixture of coca leaves, cola nuts and caffeine to sell as a cure for headaches and hangovers. Today, regular colas contain only about one-third of the caffeine found in a cup of coffee, and there are also decaffeinated versions. The sugar con- rained in diluted squashes ranges from a single teaspoon per glass to four or even more in the case of some blackcurrant drinks, but these may also provide useful amounts of vitamin C. The sugar in soft drinks is broken down by bacteria growing on teeth – to produce acid. If you sip sugary drinks over long periods, this increases the risk of tooth decay by prolonging the time that enamel-destroying acids are in the mouth. Acidic fruit-juice cordials can also erode your teeth. Try to drink soft drinks at mealtimes, and clean your teeth regularly. In a recent survey, researchers at Southampton University found that some children are gaining almost half their daily energy intake from sugary drinks, and that these empty calories are leading to irritability, loss of appetite, poor weight gain and diarrhoea. And doctors who treated eight toddlers referred to Southampton General Hospital with eating or behavioral problems found that the children’s symptoms disappeared when their consumption of sweetened soft drinks was reduced.
LOW-CALORIE DRINKS
Made with artificial sweeteners, low- calorie drinks are suitable for almost everyone, including diabetics. They do not contribute to tooth decay by promoting the formation of plaque, or to weight problems. Sparkling waters with added herbs, minerals and gins eng claim to act as a natural pick-me up, but tend to be more expensive than other soft drinks. They arc usually sweetened with fruit juice.
ALLERGIES
Some ADDITIVES used in soft drinks, such as the azo dyes sunset yellow (El10) and tartrazine (E102), found in some orange, lemon and lime squashes, have been alleged to cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. The symptoms can range from skin rashes and upset stomachs to irritability and hyperactivity. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
This common plant has been found in Preglacial beds in Suffolk, Interglacial beds in Sussex, and in Neolithic beds in Edinburgh. At the present time it is at home in the North Temperate Zone in Arctic Europe, North Africa, Siberia, West Asia as far as the Himalayas. In the United States, America, it is an introduction. It is generally distributed in Great Britain, but it is absent in the counties of Cardigan, South Lincs, Stirling, S. Perth, Elgin, Westerness, Mid and N. Ebudes, West Sutherland, and the Northern Isles. In Yorkshire it grows at a height of 1000 ft.
The Perforate St. John's Wort is as familiar a plant along the roadside as Herb Robert, the Yellow Vetchling, or Tufted Vetch, or Hedge Parsley, Cleavers, and Wood Basil, which commonly grow with it. It is generally found near hedges or banks, and the highway is quite gay with clumps of its yellow bloom from July to September.
Many rounded or slightly angular stems arise from the same root in this as in other species, giving it a clustered appearance. They are erect, tall, branched above, the branches being opposite, and like the stem 2-edged. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template:Did you know nominations/Chestnut cake
The result was: promoted by Jolly Ω Janner 06:13, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
Chestnut cake
* ... that chestnut cake (example pictured) is sometimes served as a dim sum dish?
* ALT1 ... that chestnut cake (example pictured) may be prepared using flour from ground chestnuts?
* Reviewed: Baleen whale
Created by Northamerica1000 (talk). Self-nominated at 20:11, 30 January 2016 (UTC).
* Comment Review under way. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 20:29, 30 January 2016 (UTC)
* Review Symbol confirmed.svg GTG. Long enough, new enough, timely nominated. Earwig's CV tool is immaculate. No close paraphrasing. All paragraphs cited. Hooks supported by in line citations that check out. Pictures are free for use, clear and pleasing. QPQ done. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 20:41, 30 January 2016 (UTC)
* Symbol possible vote.svg Pulled from queue owing to issues mentioned at Wikipedia_talk:Did_you_know. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 23:50, 22 February 2016 (UTC)
* I have copy edited the article to omit content about water chestnut cake, and the article presently exceeds 1,500 characters. I struck the initial hook and removed the image of water chestnut cake from this nomination. North America1000 02:37, 23 February 2016 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg Still long enough. ALT1 supported by inline citation. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 00:58, 25 February 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Electrical insulators can be made of porcelain, glass and silicone rubber materials; the properties, performance, types and application have common and different aspects.
electrical insulators
In some materials, the electrons stick with their atoms rather than move around; these materials are called electrical insulators. The different electrical insulators include wood, plastic, glass, ceramic, cotton, air and silicone rubber.
Different electrical insulators have different performance.
Wood insulators can be used in dry conditions, in the wet environments, it can be conductor
Plastic insulators is normally designed in small or house insulators for supporting and insulating power lines, family lines or farm to protect the animals
Air is one of special insulators for us, we cannot live without air
Cotton is one of plant, mainly to manufacture cloth, or other products
Glass insulator, ceramic insulator or pocelain insulator and silicone rubber insulator are normally used for electrical power systems, all the countries used these electrical insulators for electrical systems or power lines
Different electrical insulators, glass insulator can be designed in disc type insulator, pin type insulator, spool insulator and post insulator; ceramic insulator is divided into transmission and distribution line insulators, substation insulators and hollow bushings; silicone rubber insulator includes high voltage insulator, medium voltage insulator and low voltage insulator. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What to do if a child has a map on his tongue？
What to do if a child has a “map” on his tongue?
Some children often have irregularly shaped plots on the tongue surface. The tongue in the plot is red and there is no tongue coating. The tongue mucosa around it is gray and white, like a map, so it is called “map tongue” .… A letter from Mr. Wei Chaojin of Hechi, Guangxi said that his young granddaughter found a “map tongue” shortly after he was born.
The beginning is to produce some small white spots from the base of the tongue, and then gradually spread until the tip of the tongue disappears naturally.
After repeated occurrences.
I went to the hospital for an examination and said that it was caused by a zinc deficiency. I prescribed zinc gluconate for a while, but it returned to the original state soon, and the diffusion period was about 2 months.
My granddaughter is 2 years and 4 months old. What should I do?
Some children often have irregularly shaped plots on the tongue surface. The tongue in the plot is red and there is no tongue coating. The surrounding tongue mucosa has a gray-white bulge, which looks like a map, so it is called “map tongue”.Medically it is called “benign nomadic glossitis”.
The lesions can fuse with each other and often change positions.
Map tongue is a more common symptom in children 4-5 years old.
After the map tongue appears, there is usually no major pain, but it is often accompanied by poor appetite, thin yellow muscles, night sweats, night stools, constipation or constipation, and colds.
The cause of the map tongue should be vitamin deficiency or glossitis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
If you’ve looked into MK-677 or Ibutamoren you’ve probably heard of its effects on sleep quality. Most effects are very positive. However, it can cause feelings of extreme tiredness and lethargy in many.
Does MK-677 Make You Tired?
Mk-677 acts on ghrelin receptors which will greatly improve sleep quality. At the same time, it can cause lethargy in many users. This can be combated by taking smaller doses, taking it at different times during the day, or ultimately just not taking it.
Disclaimer: This compound is not permitted for human consumption as it’s considered a compound of an Investigational New Drug. The use of MK-677 is approved for research purposes. Therefore, it is legal to obtain it or any other SARMs sold under the label, research chemicals.
It has not been tested on humans and should not be considered safe to consume.
What Is MK677 Or Ibutamoren?
MK-677 is an orally active growth hormone secretagogue and is not actually considered a sarm even though it is often grouped together with other sarms.
Growth hormone secretagogues are peptides or nonpeptidic agents that release GH from the pituitary. This will increase growth hormone levels in the body.
Growth hormone is an anabolic hormone that is responsible for promoting muscle growth, weight gain, and nitrogen retention in the body.
In both children and adults, growth hormone helps control the body’s metabolism.
Mk-677 binds to ghrelin receptors in the brain to increase growth hormone levels. Ghrelin receptors are found in the brain regions that control appetite, pleasure, mood, biological rhythms, memory, and cognition.
The main benefit of MK-677 is that it increases both growth hormone levels and Insulin-Like Growth Factor levels in the body.
Both of these hormones help increase lean muscle mass, recovery, strength and performance. They have also been shown to play an essential role in regulation of muscle tissue development and maintenance.
MK-677 will improve sleep quality by increasing REM sleep by up to 50%. REM sleep usually occurs about 90 minutes after we fall asleep and it is where brain activity increases, and dreaming is most present.
REM sleep is important for learning and memory and is a crucial part of sleep.
MK-677 also causes an increase in hunger. If you are having trouble putting on size, this can be beneficial for you.
However, if you’re not trying to eat a lot, consider taking your dosage at night to reduce feeling as hungry throughout the day.
Sleep Quality And Lethargy
How exactly does it improve your sleep quality?
Similar to how it builds muscle, by increasing the production of GH and IGF-1.
Why is sleep quality so important? I’m sure you’ve heard more than once how vital sleep is when trying to build muscle. That is because this when your muscles recover and grow.
When you workout in the gym, you are breaking down the muscles and then they will regrow larger and stronger while you sleep. Studies have shown that those who get 7-9 hours of sleep actually produce a lot more testosterone than those who get less than 7.
By increasing sleep quality, you are increasing the recovery and growth of your muscles.
By acting on the ghrelin receptors, MK-677 will most likely cause tiredness. Experiment with your dosage times as this should make a difference. Most people find that taking it sometime in the evening is best for reducing lethargy.
This can be caused by high prolactin levels which can suppress dopamine and basically sedate you. Supplementing with V6 may help balance prolactin levels.
Lowering your dosage may also be a good thing to try.
Consider using caffeine and supplements to fight lethargy. Here’s a great stim-free pre-workout that I would recommend for a great workout and for fighting lethargy.
If you have tried switching your dosage times and are still extremely tired, it may be best to completely quit taking the substance.
It’s also important to note that impure MK-677 may lead to more tiredness. That is why it is always important to find a trusted source that will be providing you with 100% pure MK-677.
Unfortunately, the lethargy does not seem to fade even if taking MK-677 for a long period. If you have tried all the above options, then your best bet is probably not to take it.
Benefits
The benefits of Ibutamoren include muscle-building, a reduction in muscle-wasting, better bone density, improved sleep, and anti-aging properties. It can also benefit in treating growth hormone deficiencies.
How does it help with building muscle? Probably the main reason why most people take it is to put on muscle mass.
By stimulating growth hormone and IGF-1 in the body, which will increase muscle size and strength.
MK-677 has also been shown to reduce muscle wasting caused by a decline in protein intake. In studies, it has proven to reverse the effects of protein catabolism. Even if you are not eating adequate protein, it can stop muscles from getting weaker. Obviously this is not ideal and protein intake should be high while taking the substance for the most gains.
Growth hormone helps with repairing muscle tissue and other cells quickly, so you can expect quicker recovery after a tough workout.
You will have reduced soreness after a workout, and your muscles will rebuild quicker. This means that you can train them again sooner, leading to more gains.
MK-677 has also been known to increase fat loss. By increasing lean muscle mass, your body will actually burn more fat. The muscle provided by growth hormone is also lean mass, and will not add on body fat.
Safety And Dosage
Users usually take 20-30mg per day. This what is required to achieve the best results and minimal side effects. Anything above 30mg won’t produce any extra results and can be harmful.
It’s usually taken for cycles lasting 8-16 weeks. The effects take a while to occur so it’s better taken over a longer period. It should not be taken for longer than 6 months.
The half-life is 24 hours and can be taken once per day, orally.
It’s important to note that MK-677 does not have a lot of information and studies done on it yet. This means that there could be side effects that are not yet known.
Side Effects?
One of the facts that make MK-677 very tempting to take is that it does not suppress natural testosterone levels like steroids and SARMS do. This means you can take it without having to worry about a PCT or losing your gains after your cycle.
It also doesn’t seem to have many serious side effects. However, note that it has not been around long enough to have real studies done on it so some side effects may not be known yet.
Increased appetite may be a side effect for some if they are trying to lose weight. The lethargy mentioned in the article is another.
Joint and muscle pain have been reported by users along with headaches. This can also be because users are gaining muscle quicker and stacking on more weight in the gym. If their joints are not used to this added weight, it can lead to pain and possible injury.
Water retention or bloating is common when taking MK-677. To reduce this, keep your nutrition in check. Watch your fat and sodium intake.
High blood sugar levels have been noted when taking MK-677 so blood sugar should be watched while on it. Reduced insulin sensitivity also goes along with this.
Know that more severe side effects are usually only noticed when taking too high of a dose or when taking it for an extended period.
Let me know if you have any questions or comments and I’ll be sure to get back to you!
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List all MySQL databases
Using a PHP script or code to list all available MySQL databases in your account is extremely easy. This article will quickly show you how to get that done.
Why would I want to do that? I hear you think...
Well, I use it a lot in my administration-type scripts to manage (view, back up, restore, optimize, check and repair) all my MySQL databases and tables periodically from just one page!
What info do I need to list ALL my databases on a PHP Script?
The first thing you need is the username and password for your web hosting account. I am not talking about the individual database user and password (you may have already setup for each) here... I am talking about the main username and password that you normally submit to gain access to your virtual / shared hosting webserver!
If you use a control panel script like the ever-popular CPanel, then the username and password you would use to access your CPanel, webserver, ftp and other such restricted information is the username and password we're going to be using in our PHP script below.
Sample PHP code to list all available MySQL databases
For the purpose of this tutorial, let's assume your username is pcxgamers, your password is g5h2t3y4 and the PHP script to list all your available MySQL databases is filenamed list_mysql_dbs.php.
php:
<?php
// FILENAME: LIST_MYSQL_DBS.PHP
// ----------------------------
define( 'NL', "\n" );
define( 'TB', ' ' );
// connecting to MySQL.
$conn = @mysql_connect( 'localhost', 'pcxgamers', 'g5h2t3y4' )
or die( mysql_errno().': '.mysql_error().NL );
// attempt to get a list of MySQL databases
// already set up in my account. This is done
// using the PHP function: mysql_list_dbs()
$result = mysql_list_dbs( $conn );
// Output the list
echo '<ul>'.NL;
///* USING: mysql_fetch_object()
// ---------------------------
while( $row = mysql_fetch_object( $result ) ):
echo TB.'<li>'.$row->Database.'</li>'.NL;
endwhile;
//*/
/* USING: mysql_fetch_row()
// ------------------------
while( $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ) ):
echo TB.'<li>'.$row[0].'</li>'.NL;
endwhile;
//*/
/* USING: mysql_fetch_assoc()
// --------------------------
while( $row = mysql_fetch_assoc( $result ) ):
echo TB.'<li>'.$row['Database'].'</li>'.NL;
endwhile;
//*/
echo '</ul>'.NL;
// Free resources / close MySQL Connection
mysql_free_result( $result );
mysql_close( $conn );
?>
The code above should result in something like this:
• somedb_1
• somedb_2
• somedb_3
• somedb_4
• otherdb_1
Questions? Visit our PHP and MySQL Forums.
Special thanks: www.pcxgamers.com.
TOP
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Don't know | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Maitland, Australia
Maitland, Australia may refer to:
* Maitland, New South Wales
* Maitland, South Australia | WIKI |
Page:Science vol. 5.djvu/454
420
��[Vol- v., Na. 1
��and for some lime previous thereto was occu- pied by a bitnd of Seneca Indians.
Tbe cbief features of this mound, as shown in fig. 1, which represents a vertical section of it, are the pit and large central atone vault (No. 1). The former was found to be two and a half feel deep below the natural surface- line, ab, and about forty feet in diameter, the diameter probably indicating the original ex- tent of the mound.
The upper portion of the vault had fallen in, ' ■ ' the stones bo tiglitlr together that it
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��was somewhat difficult to remove them ; bnt the original form and mode of construction could easily be made out without the aid of imagination, as the lower portion was undis- turbed. The builders had evidently miscalcu- lated the proportions necessary for stability ; as the diameter, from outside to outside, was fifteen feet, though the walls were very thick near the base, while the height coutd not have exceeded seven feet : hence it is probable that it had fallen in soon after the dirt was thrown over it. The stones of which it mas built were obtained in part fVom the bed of the neigh- boring stream, and partly fVom a bluff about half a mile distant, and were of rather large size ; many of them being, singly, a good load for two men.
The bottom was formed of two layers of flat stones, separated by an intermediate lavcr ol sand, charcoal, and remains, five inches thick (at the lime it was excavated). It was ap- parent that these layers had not been disturbed save by the pressure of the superincumbent mass, since they were placed there. The m tennediate layer was composed in great part of decomposed or finely pulverized charcoal. In this were found the teeth, decaying jaws, a single femur, and a few minute, badly decayed fragments of the bones of an adult individual, and with these the joint of a large reed or cane, wrapped in thin, evenly-hammered sUver- foU. The latter had been wrapped in soft, spongy bark of some kind, and this coated over tbickl}' with mud or soft clay. The weight of the stones was so great that the femur was found pressed into a flat strip, and the reed split. I was unable to determine certainly whether the burning had taken place
��in the mound or not. Tbe few bones foui did not appear to be charred, and the sami was true of the cane-joint : on the other band, tbe bark, although wrapped in clay, distinctly charred.
A careful analysis of the metal-foit baa bei made by Professor Clark, the chemist of thi geological bureau, who pronounces it ooi ' paratively pure natjve silver, containing alloy. Although wrapped around the cane, portion of it appears to have been cut small pieces of various shapes, two of whU
are represented ^ 2, a and ft. Where the
remain unin- jured, they are smoothly and evenly cut. The joint of cane which hasi Ptmi. been taken between th*i
nodes is nine inchoa; long, and must have been .-ibout au inch ini diameter. A small stone gorget was obtaiDedl from the eame layer.
At No. -J, on the north-cast side of the pitfj were a few large stones which may have formeclj a rude vault, but were in such a confused con< dition, this being the point disturbed by the first slight excavation, that it was impossible to ascertain their original arrangement. Among them were found parts of an adult skeleton. The person who dug into the pit at this point, finding human remains, stopped work, and^re- filled the opening he had made.
��e
i
i
���Ihe Senecas as I am informed b\ 'Dr. Inine who has resided here since 1S22 pro- tested that they did not know who built these mounds ; which statement seems to be boma out by the fact that intrusive burials, probably of their dead, were discovered in the othat. tumulus. CvRua TnoMiS.
��A FOSSIL ELK OR MOOSE FROM TBB QUATERNARY OF NEW JERSEY.
Last summer Rev. A. A. Haines presented^ to the museum of Princeton college a remaHE' ably perfect skeleton of a large elk or moose,
�� � | WIKI |
How High Can AMD Stock Rally Amid the AI Boom?
Tech stocks have rallied this year amid rising optimism around artificial intelligence (AI), despite macroeconomic headwinds. Semiconductor chip stocks, in particular, are benefiting from the AI hype. While the market adores the chip leader Nvidia (NVDA), there are AI chip stocks with bright prospects as the AI era unfolds.
Valued at $164.49 billion, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), popularly known as AMD, has been a major player in the semiconductor industry over the last five decades. AMD has surged 300% in the last five years and an astounding 3,120% in the last decade.
More recently, AMD shares are up 56% year to date, outperforming the 24% gain in the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite ($NASX). Plus, Wall Street believes AMD is well-positioned to capitalize on opportunities in the AI market in the coming years, despite the intense competition.
www.barchart.com
AMD Strengthens Its Fundamentals
Advanced Micro Devices earnings surpassed analysts’ earnings estimates in each of the last two quarters, despite a slowdown in its data center’s business during the first half of 2023. Data segment revenue in Q2 fell 11% year-over-year to $1.3 billion. However, it grew 2% sequentially due to the accelerated adoption of the 4th Gen EPYC CPU and rising cloud market demand. Notably, net revenues for Q2 came in at $5.36 billion, down from $6.5 billion in the year-ago quarter.
AMD ended the quarter with $6.3 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities while reducing total debt from $2.5 billion at the end of Q1 to $1.7 billion. It also had $254 million in free cash flow.
CEO Lisa Su stated in the Q2earnings call/span> that the company launched 30 new AMD instances, with multiple Genoa instances announced by Amazon's (AMZN) Amazon Web Services (AWS), Alibaba (BABA), Microsoft’s (MSFT) Azure, and Oracle (ORCL).
Looking ahead, AMD anticipates a double-digit percentage increase sequentially in Data Center and Client segment revenues, fueled by rising demand for EPYC and Ryzen processors. Overall, EPYC revenue could rise by a double-digit percentage in Q3, owing to a ramp-up in demand for 4th Gen EPYC CPUs. Furthermore, the company emphasized how the AI accelerator market could reach roughly $150 billion by 2027.
Management believes that though the AI era is just getting started, it is a “multibillion-dollar growth opportunity for AMD across cloud, edge, and an increasingly diverse number of intelligent endpoints,” according to Su.
Raising the Stakes in the AI Race
Graphics processing units (GPUs) are at the forefront of AI acceleration. Nvidia has been a market leader in the chip market, and is likely to maintain its position. AMD, on the other hand, is not short on effort. As AI advances, there will be an increased demand for efficient and scalable AI computing solutions, which AMD is committed to providing.
Even Microsoft’s chief technology officer, Kevin Scott, believes AMD’s GPU offerings could be highly critical in the coming years.
Recently, AMD raised the stakes beyond its data center segment with the announcement of a major acquisition. It signed a definitive agreement to acquire Nod.ai to expand its open AI software capabilities into its hardware. Regarding AMD’s goal with this acquisition, management stated, “The addition of the talented Nod.ai team accelerates our ability to advance open-source compiler technology and enable portable, high-performance AI solutions across the AMD product portfolio.”
Management also expects more opportunities in generative AI, as they see rising customer interest in its MI300A and MI300X GPUs. The MI300 accelerators, designed to be a competitive alternative for Nvidia's A100 and H100 GPUs, will be launched in Q4 2023. Comparatively, Nvidia expects growing demand for its H100 chips, forecasting revenue of around $16 billion in its Q3 fiscal 2024.
Furthermore, on Oct. 19, AMD announced the launch of a few AI-powered high-end processors - namely, the Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7000 WX-Series processors and the newly re-introduced Ryzen Threadripper 7000 Series processors, which it claims to be the “world’s fastest desktop processor.”
What Are Analysts Saying About AMD?
Baird Equity Research just lowered its 2024 revenue estimates for AMD, citing concerns over the company’s data center business. The analysts were skeptical of AMD’s decision to accelerate its MI300 chip launch in the fourth quarter, noting AMD’s “lack of design wins outside of supercomputing applications so far and [...] the absence of a well-established software ecosystem." Baird also lowered the target price for AMD to $125 from $170.
Notably, rising U.S.-China tensions could be a drag on chipmakers like AMD. Nonetheless, most of Wall Street remains highly bullish on AMD’s stock potential amid fast-paced growth in the AI niche.
For the third quarter, analysts predict revenue of $5.7 billion and earnings per share of $0.49. AMD will report its Q3 earnings on Oct. 31.
From $23.6 billion in revenue in fiscal 2022, analysts expect Advanced Micro Devices’ revenue to dip by 3.3% to $22.8 billion in fiscal 2023. But analysts predict revenue to grow to $27.3 billion by fiscal 2024. Compared to EPS of $0.84 in fiscal 2022, analysts foresee EPS increasing to $2.01 in fiscal 2023 and $3.22 in fiscal 2024. AMD trades at 24 times forward earnings. Based on 2024 growth forecasts, the stock seems fairly valued.
At present, out of the 28 analysts covering AMD, 21 have a “strong buy” recommendation, one suggests a “moderate buy,” and six call it a “hold.” The stock has no sell recommendations.
Based on analysts' average price target of $139, Wall Street sees a potential upside of about 37% in the next 12 months. The highest target price stands at $200, and the lowest is $80 for AMD.
www.barchart.com
The Bottom Line on AMD
All in all, Advanced Micro Devices is poised to take advantage of the recovering Data Center market and the strengthening prospects of AI over the coming years. With a robust line-up of innovative products, AMD is well-positioned to continue influencing the future of computing.
While the current rally in AI stocks is appealing, investors should be wary of the risks, as the tech sector is vulnerable to macroeconomic headwinds. A portfolio of top AI stocks - such as AMD - balanced with some stable stocks is a wise long-term investment strategy now.
On the date of publication, Sushree Mohanty did not have (either directly or indirectly) positions in any of the securities mentioned in this article. All information and data in this article is solely for informational purposes. For more information please view the Barchart Disclosure Policy here.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Oydman
Primarily interested in Aviation History, Fantasy, Medieval History, Television & Media, and some literature.
Currently participate in Viking-era reenactment. | WIKI |
rotate
(redirected from rotating)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Wikipedia.
rotate
Botany designating a corolla the united petals of which radiate from a central point like the spokes of a wheel
rotate
[′rō‚tāt]
(botany)
Of a sympetalous corolla, having a short tube and petals radiating like the spokes of a wheel.
References in periodicals archive ?
It's a buzzword," according to Sano's technical sales manager, Rick Knittel, who adds that the company generally favors a rotating die as an alternative, and will supply an enclosure to protect the bubble from ambient drafts.
This patent significantly enhances our competitive position in the insulin pump disposables market, and we believe that the rotating hub connection will improve the pump wearing experience by introducing a new level of flexibility and freedom of movement," said Bill Arthur, SpectRx, Inc.
The right field scoreboard will be upgraded with three new electronic displays and new rotating and static advertising panels.
Using Hubble's faint-object spectrograph, the astronomers measured the speeds of hydrogen and oxygen ions on opposite sides of the rotating disk.
Such motion, which can create beams of X-rays and radio waves, may help explain light emissions from rotating stars that have large magnetic fields, says K.
The custom-made devices - a rotating surgical table and special vests the boys wore to help prevent tissue damage prior to surgery - were designed and manufactured at KCI's facilities in San Antonio.
Nance grasping his handgun right-handed, his slide with his left hand and then rotating it far enough to the right as described in his article to do him any good.
We learned spine variations, shaft concentricity and component variations all contributed to why rotating the nock had an effect.
By rotating the tooling in relation to the material flow, a rotary head increases the wall strength of the extrudate, allowing a thinner wall with less material.
In a study in the current issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, researchers found that women working rotating night shifts for five or more years appeared to have a modest increase in all-cause and CVD mortality and those working 15 or more years of rotating night shift work appeared to have a modest increase in lung cancer mortality.
The Dok-Lok RHR-4000 rotating hook vehicle restraint secures a trailer to the dock to prevent separation during loading or unloading for safety. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tuesday, January 31, 2017
Allele Frequency Spectrum in a Cancer Cell Population
Allele Frequency Spectrum in a Cancer Cell Population
Hisashi Ohtsuki, Hideki Innan
Abstract
A cancer grows from a single cell, thereby constituting a large cell population. In this work, we are interested in how mutations accumulate in a cancer cell population. We provide a theoretical framework of the stochastic process in a cancer cell population and obtain near exact expressions of allele frequency spectrum or AFS (only continuous approximation is involved) from both forward and backward treatments under a simple setting; all cells undergo cell division and die at constant rates, b and d, respectively, such that the entire population grows exponentially. This setting means that once a parental cancer cell is established, in the following growth phase, all mutations are assumed to have no effect on b or d (i.e., neutral or passengers). Our theoretical results show that the difference from organismal population genetics is mainly in the coalescent time scale, and the mutation rate is defined per cell division, not per time unit (e.g., generation). Except for these two factors, the basic logic are very similar between organismal and cancer population genetics, indicating that a number of well established theories of organismal population genetics could be translated to cancer population genetics with simple modifications.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
EMC Corp. Beats on Q4 Earnings, Revenues Increase Y/Y - Analyst Blog
EMC Corp. ( EMC ) reported fourth-quarter and full year 2014 results. Fourth quarter adjusted earnings of 69 cents per share rose 15% year over year and surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 59 cents.
For 2014, the company reported adjusted earnings of $1.90 per share, an increase of 6% on a year-over-year basis.
Quarter Details
Quarterly revenues climbed 5.4% year over year to $7,048 million, lagging the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $7,095 million. Product sales increased 4% year over year, while services increased 7.9% from the year-ago quarter. For 2014, the company reported revenues of $24.4 billion, an increase of 5.5% year over year.
Information Infrastructure segment revenues for the quarter (75.1% of revenues) increased 2% year over year to $5,296 million. RSA and Information Storage revenues increased 4% and 3%, respectively while that from Information Intelligence declined 7.9% from the year-ago quarter.
EMC's emerging storage business revenues surged 40% year over year driven by strong growth of EMC XtremIO, EMC ViPR, EMC Isilon and EMC ScaleIO products.
EMC's majority owned VMware Inc. ( VMW ) continued to impress with revenue growth of 16% on a year over year basis to reach $1,687 million. Pivotal reported revenues of $65 million compared with $55 million in the year-ago quarter.
On a geographical basis, revenues from North America increased 6% year over year while in the U.S. the increase was 7%.
Revenues from Europe, Middle East and Africa region grew 6% year over year in the quarter. Revenues from the Latin America region grew 8% year over year, while the BRIC+13 markets grew 7% year over year. Revenues from Asia Pacific and Japan grew 2% on a year over year basis.
Gross margin increased 70 basis points (bps) to 63.9%. Research & development expenses as a percentage of revenues increased 10 bps on a year over year basis. Selling, general & administrative expense decreased to 30.2% of revenues from 30.4% in the year-ago quarter.
As of Dec 31, 2014, cash and cash equivalents including short-term investments were $8.32 billion compared with $10.66 billion at the end of Dec 31, 2013. In 2014, EMC generated $6.52 billion in cash flow from operations compared with $6.92 billion in the prior year.
Guidance
EMC forecasts revenues of $26.1 billion for 2015 while non-GAAP earnings are expected to be $1.98 per share.Non-GAAP operating margin is expected to be about 21.4% in 2015.
EMC also expects to repurchase shares worth $3 billion in 2015.
Our Take
We believe that EMC is well positioned to benefit from incremental data center hardware spending in the long run. EMC's vast product portfolio, which has products suitable for any kind of budget, will boost its market share. Additionally, aggressive share repurchase will drive earnings.
However, sluggish IT spending outlook will continue to keep margins under pressure in the near-term. Moreover, EMC's high-end storage systems are facing increasing competition from flash-driven storage technology providers like SanDisk ( SNDK ) and Western Digital ( WDC ). This will continue to hurt top-line growth in the near term.
One of the major recent developments of the company is its nine-month standstill agreement with activist investor Elliot Management Corp. The company has been persistently insisted by Elliot Management on initiating a tax-free spin-off of its 80% stake in VMware. Elliot Management has further suggested that the upside to such a spinoff will exceed 40%.
Currently, EMC has a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).
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EMC CORP -MASS (EMC): Free Stock Analysis Report
WESTERN DIGITAL (WDC): Free Stock Analysis Report
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VMWARE INC-A (VMW): Free Stock Analysis Report
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Health effects about Over-illumination
Future health effects of over-illumination or even an improper spectral composition of sunshine include increased headache incidence, worker fatigue, medically determined stress, decrease in lusty function and increase while anxiety. The health end results are particularly significant together with improperly matching the colouring scheme spectrum of sunlight when illuminating the workplace. how to buy cheap LED Line Lightereryday is an option. Migraine headaches have been cited by a few people as being caused merely by excessive light. In a person particular survey over-illumination was priced as the number just two trigger for migraines, together with of the respondents confirming bright light as specific principal trigger of as well as her migraine episode.
Not only does well-lit light induce headache, on the other hand certain spectral distributions are able to increase the incidence of the headache. plano de saúde individual brasilia is a major common complaint from person’s exposed to over-illumination, principally with fluorescent media. A number studies have shown because the flicker and over-illumination combined in some photogrrne systems yield particularly superb fatigue incidence. Research referring to circadian rhythm in mankind indicates that one underlying cause for fatigue stems ranging from the incorrect color range of fluorescent light. Anxiety and anxiety are familiar outcomes from working doing a setting of major especially fluorescent lighting. Today shown that annoyance by using bright light leads to help medical stress.
It is clear that do brighter, less spectrally proper light induces clinically considerable stress, and it is truly suggested that for kids this over-illumination may meddle with the learning endeavor. For example, children experiencing any shape of stress are more probable to suffer from dysgraphia, a problem in discovering to write. Task efficiency can also be sacrificed for people conducting career under artificial e.g. phosphorescent as opposed to day light. The annoyance with purely unnatural light and preference at the time of office workers for alternative light has been verified by a number relating to studies spanning eastern as western cultures.
Fluorescent lighting has as well been linked to frustrating other psychological disorders this kind as agoraphobia. Hypertension results of over-illumination can tend to aggravation of cardio workouts disease and erectile dysfunction, which impacts are problems of long term collective exposure and associated characteristic increases in blood pressures. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Orion
The result was delete. — JJMC89  (T·C) 08:55, 27 December 2019 (UTC)
Chris Orion
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Subject fails WP:GNG - nothing more than a local radio personality. I'm actually not even convinced that the one reference listed is even about the subject. Jmertel23 (talk) 00:24, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Radio-related deletion discussions. Jmertel23 (talk) 00:24, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Entertainment-related deletion discussions. Lightburst (talk) 00:41, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Florida-related deletion discussions. Lightburst (talk) 00:41, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Delete - No indication of notability. NickCT (talk) 00:53, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Delete Zero third-party coverage. And yep, the only "source" therein was completely unrelated to the subject. sixty nine • whaddya want? • 03:01, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Delete The article describes him as an "amateur American radio personality", which is a synonym for "not notable", unless there exists powerful evidence to the contrary. My careful Google search reveals no such evidence. Cullen328 Let's discuss it 06:25, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Delete Non-notable amateur radio personality. Completely fails WP:GNG. NNADI GOOD LUCK ( Talk | Contribs ) 06:30, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
* Delete: No secondary sources in the article. Can't even seem to find one either. SUPER ASTIG 00:42, 23 December 2019 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Fireworks or fire-won’t-works? Chemistry dictates if sparks you will see! And metals determine what color they will be! Redox reactions put the work in fireworks and G – it’s pretty cool! So let’s see how redox & thermodynamics apply to the fireworks we see in the sky!
The chemicals in fireworks are made up of atoms, as are all chemicals, including water! (Remember “chemical” doesn’t mean bad!) Water is a chemical that is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom (so dihydrogen monoxide or H₂O). The chemicals in fireworks involve things like potassium potassium perchlorate, KClO₄, which has one potassium atom, one chlorine atom, & 4 oxygens.
Atoms are made up of smaller parts called subatomic particles. There are 3 main ones – neutral neutrons and positively-charged protons hang out in a dense central core called the atomic nucleus. And whizzing around them in a cloud are negatively-charged particles called electrons.
The protons try their best to use the “opposite charges attract” thing to leash in the negatively-charged electrons whizzing around them. But they can only hold a certain number. And kinda like a dog walker trying to walk too many energetic dogs at once, the most energetic electrons, valence electrons, which are located furthest from the nucleus, are most likely to run away (or hook up with other molecules)
Redox reactions are chemical reactions in which molecules called reducing agents (reductants) give up some of their negatively-charged electrons (e⁻) & other molecules called oxidizing agents (oxidants) take them. To remember which is which, think OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss of electrons (e⁻) & Reduction is Gain of e⁻
We’ve seen some important but “small-scale” redox reactions – like the reduction & oxidative reformation of disulfide crosslinks in your hair in perms http://bit.ly/2FJUXPU or the reduction of water through electrolysis that creates the charge gradient needed for gel electrophoresis. http://bit.ly/2XMLMbG
Fireworks are also based on redox reactions, but ones w/MUCH greater release of free energy (G). Energy is the ability to do work, which we obviously need for fire-works! And change in free energy (ΔG) is like a measure of chemical “drive.”
I like to think of free energy as a sort of “couch shopping.” Say you’re sitting on a couch. It’s not a very comfortable couch, 😕 it’s cramped & hard so you’re squirming around a bit trying to get comfortable 😩 There’s a more comfortable couch across the room, and when you’re in that couch you sink right in & can relax & stop squirming. Aaahhh… 😌
BUT in order to get to the comfy couch you have to overcome your laziness & get up off the 1st couch 😒 Whether it’s “worth it” depends on how much comfier the 2nd couch & this depends on how much less squirmy you’ll be there & how much you’ll be able to spread out.
Similarly, whether a reaction will occur SPONTANEOUSLY depends on whether the products have more or less “free energy” than the reactants. We can think of this “free energy” (aka Gibbs free energy (G)) as a sort of overall “comfiness.” It takes into account squirminess (kinetic energy aka HEAT) in the ENTHALPY term (H) & spread-out-ability (randomness/freedom/disorder) in the ENTROPY term (S).
ΔG = ΔH-TΔS
Δ (delta) means “change in” so this equation looks at DIFFERENCES in H & S between reactants (couch 1) & products (couch 2).
Where’d that T come from? It stands for temperature & it takes into account the “mood.” ΔH & ΔS are “constant” because they’re calculated based on the reactants & products. But just like couch 1 & couch 2 don’t change, but when it’s hot, you care more about spreading out, at higher temps, ENTROPY becomes more & more important. (molecules want to spread out when they’re hot just like you!)
NEGATIVE ΔG means products have LESS FREE ENERGY than reactants, so the “2nd couch is comfier” & the reaction is likely to proceed spontaneously. We call such reactions EXERGONIC.
POSITIVE ΔG means products have MORE FREE ENERGY than reactants, so you’ll have to really bribe it to go… 🙄 We call such reactions ENDERGONIC
NEGATIVE ΔH means products have LESS HEAT than reactants. This can only happen if reactants give up heat to the “surroundings,” and such heat-releasing reactions are called EXOTHERMIC
POSITIVE ΔH means products have MORE HEAT than reactants. Which basically means reactants “stole” heat from “surroundings.” Such heat-absorbing reactions are called ENDOTHERMIC
NEGATIVE ΔS means the products have LESS FREEDOM/RANDOMNESS. This can come from having more and/or stronger bonds tethering the molecules together.
POSITIVE ΔS means the products have MORE FREEDOM/RANDOMNESS. This can come from having fewer and/or weaker bonds tethering the molecules together, allowing them to move around more, which molecules like, remember. What they really like (you get a large positive ΔS from) is if you can go from a liquid to a gas &/or break up a big thing (which has limited motion bc it has to move as a group) into lots of smaller things which can move separately.
So, to summarize this thermodynamic mumbo-jumbo, reactions are more favorable if they let off heat (have a ➕ ΔH) &/or give the molecules more freedom/randomness (have a ➕ ΔS). BUT it’s the combination of those 2 (& temp) that’s the ultimate decider of whether a reaction will occur spontaneously (have a ➖ ΔG).
Now that we’ve had this thermodynamic refresher, let’s get back to those fireworks with those concepts in mind: ΔG = ΔH – TΔS where ΔH is change in enthalpy (heat), T is temperature, & ΔS is change in entropy (disorder/randomness).
Firework reactions have a large (negative) ΔG (strong chemical “drive”) that’s coming from both enthalpy & entropy.
🔹fireworks give off LOTS of heat (are very EXOTHERMIC). They have a large ➖ΔH, which makes ΔG more ➖
🔹fireworks gain LOTS of ENTROPY when they explode (molecules get to go from confined in a shell to shooting off randomly) AND this ΔS is multiplied by high temperature (H). Which makes ΔG VERY ➖
Result: the fireworks reaction releases LOTS of free energy ( the reaction is very EXERGONIC). So, what *is* this reaction I’ve been teasing? Let’s look inside (one example, as there are many other chemicals that can be used)
REACTANTS (things you start with): FLASH POWDER. This is a solid OXIDIZER (e.g. potassium perchlorate, KClO₄) mixed w/metal powder (e.g. aluminum, Al)(REDUCTANT)(other common reductants are sulfur (S) or carbon (C))
When ignited, KClO₄ breaks down into potassium chloride (KCl), releasing oxygen. That oxygen reacts w/Al, getting Al to burn to aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)
⭐️ overall (unbalanced) reaction: KClO₄ + Al -> KCl + Al₂O₃
If you’re a chemist, you might be cringing to see an unbalanced reaction, so here’s the balanced form: 3 KClO₄ + 8 Al -> 3 KCl + 4 Al₂O₃
⚠️ here metal acts as REDUCTANT but in other reactions, like the one we use in silver staining of proteins in gels, metals acts as OXIDIZERS. Metals “have a lot of hyper dogs to walk” so they can gain & lose e⁻ relatively easily, so they’re useful in both roles!
As I mentioned above the reaction is super exergonic. So if there’s such a large ➖ΔG why doesn’t the reaction start without ignition? The key is that our reaction is actually 2 reactions combined
(1) 3 KClO₄ -> 3 KCl + 6 O₂
(2) 6 O₂ + 8 Al -> 4 Al₂O₃
rxn (2) is EXOTHERMIC, BUT reaction (1) is ENDOTHERMIC. So it NEEDS heat to proceed
(1) 3 KClO₄ + heat -> 3 KCl + 6 O₂
(2) 6 O₂ + 8 Al -> 4 Al₂O₃ + heat
So we have to provide heat in order to get (1) to start. Without (1) there can’t be (2) (missing our reactants! 😬) so the reaction doesn’t start. BUT once started, (2) provides heat for (1) and the reaction goes until “all” reactants are converted to products.
Where does the light come from? We’ve explained where the heat from fireworks comes from but that’s not what you go to see! Where do the light & colors come from?
When molecules are heated up they start moving around & give off energy in the form of “electromagnetic (EM) radiation” – basically heat is being transferred from the molecules through the air in the form of waves. When these waves have a certain energy content we can see it, so we call it “visible light” more here: http://bit.ly/lightleafcolor
This THERMAL RADIATION is given off whenever an object is hotter than its surroundings BUT usually the radiation given off doesn’t have enough energy for us to see (it’s in the infrared range, so it can be detected by infrared sensors like spies use but not our eyes)
BUT if we get it hot enough (VERY hot) we reach the visible range, where the molecules start to “glow.” This is called INCANDESCENCE.
And the color? Color of light depends on wavelength which depends on the energy content (which follows ROYGBIV 🌈). Incandescence usually emits low-energy light (red to yellow). It’s hard to get enough energy for colors like blue & purple. So how do fireworks makers do it?
LUMINESCENCE! In this type of light emission, only the e⁻ have to get excited, so you don’t need as much heat
🔹 Fireworks makers add “coloring agents” which are chemicals (usually metals) that absorb some of the energy the reaction releases (remember that the reaction involved in fireworks is VERY EXERGONIC). This energy lets e⁻ in those chemicals get “promoted” up to “excited” states 🔆 but the excitement wears off 🔅 & they fall back down, releasing energy in the form of light
🔹🔹 different chemicals absorb & release different amounts of energy so they give off different color light. For example, sodium gives you yellows & oranges; copper & barium – greens & blues; calcium & strontium – red; etc.; firework makers can mix & match metals to get color combos (but have to make sure they’re using compatible forms of them)
Hope this post helps you better appreciate fireworks! And chemistry!
This post is part of my weekly “broadcasts from the bench” for The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Be sure to follow the IUBMB if you’re interested in biochemistry (now on Instagram un-hacked @the_iubmb)! They’re a really great international organization for biochemistry.⠀
more on thermodynamics: http://bit.ly/thermodynamicsfreeenergy
more on all sorts of things: #365DaysOfScience All (with topics listed) 👉 http://bit.ly/2OllAB0
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Your email address will not be published. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Noah Holcomb
Noah Holcomb (born July 9, 1983 in Sioux City, Iowa, US) is a retired American professional mountain biker. Holcomb is also a 2008 and 2009 California State Champion in the discipline of Cyclocross. He last rode for the professional mountain bike team Cannondale Factory Racing, and currently resides in Laguna Beach, California, US.
Results and rankings
* 2007
* Fontana NMBS - 59th, Pro XC
* Fontana NMBS - 59th, Pro XC
* California State Cyclocross Series - 1st, Pro SS
* California Urban Cyclocross Series - 1st, Pro SS
* 2008
* Rim Nordic #3/So Cal State Event #6 - 3rd, Pro SS/XC
* Santa Ynez Valley National-NMBS #3 - 2nd, Pro SS/XC
* Santa Ynez Valley National-NMBS #3 - 7th, Pro Super-D
* Santa Ynez Valley National-NMBS #3 - 30th, Pro STXC
* Fontana National Presented by MAXXIS NMBS#1 - 71st, Pro STXC
* California Prestige Series of Cyclocross - 1st, 1/2/3 SS
* California State Cyclocross Championships - 1st, 1/2/3 SS
* 2009
* California State Cyclocross Championships - 1st, 1/2/3 SS
* California Prestige Series of Cyclocross - 1st, 1/2/3 SS
* Urban Cyclocross Series - 1st overall, 1/2/3 SS
* AMBC Idyllwild Challenge - 19th, Pro XC
* US Cup #5 - Santa Ynez - 21st, Pro XC
* US PROXCT - Sea Otter Classic - 96TH, PRO XC
* US PROXCT - Sea Otter Classic - 71ST, PRO XC
* US Cup #3 - Sage Brush Safari - 31st, PRO XC
* US Cup #2 - Fontana City National - 88th, PRO XC
* US Cup #1 - Bonelli Park - 30th, Pro XC | WIKI |
User:Goon capo
I GOT A MYSPACE THE EMAIL IS<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AND BLACKPLANET IS<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AND I HAVE MY OWN WEBSITE IS GOONCAPO.NING.COM SO HIT ME UP | WIKI |
User:Ampromart/sandbox
= Appasaheb Marathe =
सखाराम पुरुषोत्तम (उर्फ अप्पासाहेब) मराठे Sakharam Purushottam (aka Appasaheb) Marathe was born on 18 June 1911 in Vengurla village in Sindhudurg district.
First Phase - 1930 to 1948
After completing matriculation, he started working in a shop known as P. Shah & Co. After 3-4 years, the owners of the said company established a branch at Karachi in Sindh province and Appasaheb was appointed as Manager there. The company was trading in various fittings, like rexine cloth, waterproof canvas, cushion springs etc. required for motorbus. Due to Appasaheb's skilled guidance, this venture flourished and within a few years, he settled in Karachi. After this, Appasaheb started a chemist shop called Fairdeal Pharmacy and brought it to fame within no time. Around 1942, Appasaheb founded The Sindh Industrial and Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. The company was headquartered in Karachi and it’s factory was in Malir, a suburb of Karachi. This company was producing a vitamin-rich medicine called Shark Liver Oil under /by the brand name 'Sipol'.
The story behind the manufacture of this product in short is that, in those days vitamin-rich cod liver oil was being imported to India in large quantities. Because World War II was raging all over, the import of this medicine had to be stopped and it was not available, but there was huge demand for it. Appasaheb, smartly and quickly assessing the situation, insisted that this medicine should be manufactured in our country. After a lot of endeavor, study and survey, it was noticed that sharks were available in abundance in the coastal areas of Jamnagar, Porbandar, Okha, etc. on the west coast of India, and the quality of this shark oil was matching with that of imported cod liver oil. Naturally therefore, the sale of Sipol made in the factory at Malir, Karachi, was very high at that time.
Prior to 1947, there were 50,000 Marathi people living in Karachi. There were social organizations like Brahmin Sabha, Karachi Maharashtrian Mitra Mandal etc. Appasaheb's son’s thread ceremony was also solemnized at the Brahmin Sabha in Karachi. There were some educational institutions and their high schools. Appasaheb had close association with each of these organizations. In spite of being busy in his own business, he used to devote time to these social causes. Therefore, activists and people from all walks of life used to throng at Appasaheb's residence in Karachi to seek his advice and guidance. Similarly, he also had very good relations with the Muslim brothers / community there. Even though he was not much gregarious in nature, he had consideration for the feelings of others. He was always at the forefront in helping others.
Just when everything in Karachi seemed to be peaceful, India was partitioned in August 1947. Karachi (Sindh province) was incorporated into Pakistan. Waves upon waves of Muslims hoards from North India, mainly from Punjab, started flocking to Karachi. They did not want the presence of Hindus in the newly acquired Islamic land. It was their perception that just as these Muslims came to Pakistan as refugees, so also Hindus in Pakistan should leave Pakistan and go into India. Therefore, incidences of attacks on Hindu families, murders, destruction of properties owned by Hindus, arson and then looting and pillage began to happen frequently ,almost daily. So Appasaheb decided to send his family to Mumbai. And in September 1947, many of his relatives came to Mumbai by boat from Karachi.
"The voyage from Karachi to Mumbai was a real ordeal, a bitter experience. The boat was full of people and their belongings. The ship was packed to its brim with passengers and their belongings There were women, children, youth, the elderly, the very old. Marathi, Sindhi, Gujarati and others were going away with heavy hearts leaving behind and carrying a little bit of their possessions. Everyone was a refugee and sad. The journey from Karachi to Mumbai sitting precariously on a pile of luggage! Altogether, the situation was horrible.”
The Marathe family reached Mumbai safely, but Appasaheb stayed back in Karachi. It was not possible to wind up and leave immediately as there was a huge organized setup of businesses and assets behind to look after. Initially, he was hopeful that in spite of the partition his business would sustain. But when as days passed it became increasingly difficult to stay put there, then his Muslim friends and acquaintances pleaded and expressed that now it would be difficult even for them to shield him any further.
"Now please leave from here". Finally, in utter despair he sold his entire property in Karachi, but he managed to get peanuts, only (12.5%) in the deal. Accepting whatever he got, he left Karachi in January 1948 with a heavy heart and returned back to Mumbai to save his own life.
Second Phase - 1948 to 1961
Since he had lost everything in Karachi, Appasaheb had to make a fresh start and organize things again to reconcile everything. He started a hardware and tools shop named V Ramesh & Company in 1949-50 in collaboration with one of his cousins, Narayanrao Patwardhan and friend Chimanbhai Gandhi, at Lohar Chawl in Mumbai. But his real interest lied in supplying materials required in the engineering field. However, when he realized that his partners were not
interested in growing such a business, he founded ‘Sachin & Company’ in 1953. Even though he had parted ways with his partners, he was grateful to them for the help which both of them had rendered in the initial days. Therefore he named his own company as “SACHIN” by coining together the initials of all 3 owners (Sa-Sakharam, Chi-Chimanbhai and Na-Narayan). The company started supplying engineering materials to various departments through government tenders. In a short time, he established himself as an Approved Government Supplier. Since he wanted to grow in his business he decided not to refuse any order, however small it may be. That is why he was ready to fulfill all sorts of even minor orders such as supplying felt water bottles to the police department. It may be because
the ethics of those times were different or it may be due to Appasaheb's motto of doing business honestly, but he never had to give a bribe. He was the sole manufacturer of navigational lights used in shipping during that period.
Later on, when demands from Telco and Premier Auto grew, he decided to start his own workshop by the name Sachin
Engineering Corporation in 1958 and transferred the business of Sachin & Company to Sumanbhai Doshi. The company is operating at the original address 25, Bank Street till date.
Appasaheb did not have any financial backing, so this was not possible unless a loan was taken. He applied for a loan to the Hamam Street branch of Saraswat Bank. In those days, Saraswat Bank was mainly offering loans against mortgaged gold. However, one of the employees of the branch, Mr. R. K. Pandit realized that the bank would not grow unless loans are given to industries. He convinced the Board of Directors of the bank about this and Sachin Engineering was one of the first industrial borrowers of the bank.
The workshop was initially located in an industrial unit (gala) outside the Siddhivinayak Temple and later on in 1960 due to insufficient space they shifted to bigger premises near Bandra Lake, next to Nandi Cinema. Probably due to his prior experience in Karachi, but Appasaheb knew the mindset of Muslim artisans and so one or two of the departments of his workshop was manned by all Muslim artisans. In addition to having Telco and Premier as clients, he also started supplying radio parts to Philips. In 1955, he founded Swifts Limited. He started supplying tools to Air India with the help of one of his friends and acquaintances, P.N. (Baburao) Patwardhan, who was working with Air India. For this he took the agency of Gedore, a German company. They also started making the stainless steel tea and coffee jugs for Air India. Similarly he continued his business expansion by taking agency of Rallis India Limited. Rallis fans and the Wolf brand electric hand tools were very popular at the time. Air India and Rallies continued to patronize him till about 1960-61. Later Appasaheb developed Gestetner's Stencil Duplicator as a cheaper alternative to the Spirit Duplicator; however, the product could not get popularity in the market. He also established a company named Alpha Electricals to make battery connectors required by Telco. Since the orders from Telco and Premier were pouring in, the space at Bandra premises was also falling short now and so Appasaheb started looking for a larger space. Once during a meeting, a friend told him that the Portuguese Church owned a lot of land in Prabhadevi and suggested he try for it.
Third Phase - 1961 and onwards
Appasaheb called on Father Vaz of the Portuguese Church and Father agreed to lease out land owned by the Church in Prabhadevi to S P Marathe & Company.
In fact, in those days it was all forested land and even then half of that land was encroached upon by some 100 hutments. And even in those days, there was a slum lord. He offered a deal to Appasaheb, saying that they would leave the land quietly if each of them were paid Rs. 500. But there was a stumbling block as to where the money will come from. That was when he met Mr. Deokule of the Rational Art Press who was ready to bring in finances. But his condition was that half the plot should be in his name. Appasaheb persuaded Father Vaz about this too and gave half of the plot to Mr. Deokule.
There existed a farm land on the remaining half of the plot which was owned by one man. When that farm owner came to know that Rs 50,000 were compensated to his neighbors, he also wanted the same amount for vacating the land. Again another demand, and another stumbling block arose. Then Mr. K P Menon of Therapeutic Pharma showed willingness to give the money and in return he asked for some space in the to-be constructed building. There was no other way but to agree.
Again, the Saraswat Bank also pitched in and Marathe Udyog Bhavan was erected half in 1964 and the remaining half in
1966.
Initially, it was to be named as Marathe Industrial Estate, but Appasaheb’s nephew Pt. Vasant Gadgil persuaded Appasaheb to change the name. The inauguration ceremony was graced by the presence of Shri. Lalchand Hirachand and there was a singing concert on the terrace by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi.
Around 1965 onwards Appasaheb started residing there
In the year 1967, due to the inspiration from Appasaheb’s friend, Mr. Madhukar Bhatt of Automatic Electric and out of a desire to have a product of his own, Appasaheb thought of manufacturing an Offset Printing Machine. At that time no one was making offset machines in India, so it was going to be a pioneering
venture in our country. Appasaheb's son Suresh and son-in-law, Shri. Rajabhau Kelkar shouldered this responsibility. Prototypes of the machine were even getting ready in the next two years. But on August 28, 1969, fate struck and Appasaheb died of a heart attack at the age of only 58.
It is indeed an ideal, worth looking up to by all Marathi businessmen that this enterprising Marathi industrialist arrived from Karachi with absolutely naught in his hands and despite this he rose like the Phoenix bird and established his own business empire in Mumbai. Among the Marathi entrepreneurs who returned to India after going through the tribulations of the Partition, not many are known to have re-established themselves firmly in businesses as Appasaheb did. Many Marathi industrialists who came from there did not prosper much as independent entrepreneurs. The Sindhi community, which came as refugees from Pakistan into India after the Partition, have now spread all over the globe. Due to their innate business acumen, many of them soon became billionaires within a few years. However, the common Marathi man from Karachi who came to Mumbai after the Partition kept wandering in search of a job.
Until 1971, there was no road access to Maratha Udyog Bhavan. Vehicles had to be parked in the alley of the Prabhadevi temple in front. In 1974, due to the efforts of Mr. Sadanad Varde and cooperation from Mr. Manohar Joshi and Mr. Sudhir Joshi of the Shiv Sena, the road which was to be built was named as Appasaheb Marathe Marg.
The Swift Company also received the Import Substitution Award from the Government of India in 1978 for being the first manufacturer of offset printing machines.
Marathe Udyog Bhavan is still standing tall and glorious to this day, even in the year 2020. The building has become a famous landmark in this city today.
Also, Appasaheb Marathe Marg is one of the major arterial roads in Mumbai. | WIKI |
Cham Shan Monastery
Cham Shan Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Hong Kong. It is located at 73 Lung Ha Wan Road, Clear Water Bay Peninsula.
The monastery is named after Zhanshan Temple in Qingdao and is designed based on it.
History
Cham Shan Monastery was built in 1964.
Features
The Great Buddha's Hall is one of the largest in Hong Kong. The monastery is a popular filming location for costume dramas. | WIKI |
Raphitoma echinata
Raphitoma echinata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
* Subspecies:
* Raphitoma echinata pumila Monterosato, 1890
Description
The shell length varies between 12 mm and 20 mm.
Distribution
This species is distributed in the Mediterranean Sea along Apulia, Greece, and the Balearic Islands. They are also found north of the Hebrides and in the North Sea. As they occupy the coasts and the former Doggerland, it can be ascertained that Raphitoma echinata enjoy shallow waters. | WIKI |
User:Lepax
I mainly use the Finnish Wikipedia. Welcome to my user page in there.
I have also uploaded some photos to Wikimedia Commons. Visit my user page if you want to see them.
I made a list of athletes who are in TOP30-list but don't have article in english wikipedia.
fi:Käyttäjä:Lepax sv:User:Lepax | WIKI |
Questioning SQL efficiency, JOINs vs IN
Can anyone tell me which of these would be more efficient in processing? I'm running MS SQL Server 2008.
Case 1
SELECT EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName vendor
,COUNT(DISTINCT A.KeyID) companyCount
,COUNT(DISTINCT EF.DistinctID) emailCount
FROM PSExtract.dbo.vwCompany AS A
INNER JOIN PSExtract.dbo.vwExecutiveAndExecutiveFunction AS EF
ON A.KeyID = EF.KeyID AND EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedID IS NOT NULL AND
EF.OSFunctionID IN (30, 330, 333) AND
EF.OSLevelID IN (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 85) AND
A.IndustryGroupID IN (220501, 220502, 220503, 220504, 220505, 220506, 220507, 220508, 220509, 220510, 220511, 220512,
220513, 220514, 220515, 220516, 220517, 220518, 220579, 220519, 220520, 220521, 220522, 220523, 220524, 220525,
220529, 220528, 220527, 220530, 220531, 220532, 220533, 220534, 220535, 220605, 220536, 220537, 220538, 220539,
220540, 220541, 220542, 220543, 220544, 220545, 220546, 220547, 220548, 220549, 220550, 220551, 220553, 220554,
220555, 220556, 220557, 220558, 220559, 220561, 220562, 220563, 220603, 220564, 220565, 220567, 220568, 220569,
220570, 220571, 220572, 220573, 220574, 220575, 220576, 220577, 220578, 220580, 220581, 220582, 220583, 220584,
220585, 220586, 220587, 220588, 220589, 220590, 220592, 220593, 220594, 220595, 220596, 220597, 220598, 220599,
220600, 220601, 220602) AND
A.NationalRegionID IN (10110, 10130, 10140) AND
A.Employees BETWEEN 50 AND 250
GROUP BY EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName
ORDER BY EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName ASC
Case 2
SELECT EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName vendor
,COUNT(DISTINCT A.KeyID) companyCount
,COUNT(DISTINCT EF.DistinctID) emailCount
FROM PSExtract.dbo.vwCompany AS A
INNER JOIN PSExtract.dbo.vwExecutiveAndExecutiveFunction AS EF
ON A.KeyID = EF.KeyID AND EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedID IS NOT NULL AND
EF.OSFunctionID IN (30, 330, 333) AND
EF.OSLevelID IN (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 85) AND
A.NationalRegionID IN (10110, 10130, 10140) AND
A.Employees BETWEEN 50 AND 250
INNER JOIN PSExtract.temp.RJZ_EssentialNet_IndustryGroupIDs AS IG
ON A.IndustryGroupID = IG.IndustryGroupID
GROUP BY EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName
ORDER BY EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName ASC
PSExtract.temp.RJZ_EssentialNet_IndustryGroupIDs is loaded with the IndustryGroupIDs you see in case 1, they are loaded as ints, they are not indexed in any way.
Rich
LVL 1
RichNHAsked:
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wdosanjosCommented:
I suggest that you view the execution plan of each query on SSME to evaluate which one is less expensive.
0
Anthony PerkinsCommented:
PSExtract.temp.RJZ_EssentialNet_IndustryGroupIDs is loaded with the IndustryGroupIDs you see in case 1, they are loaded as ints, they are not indexed in any way.
Why not index it? If you do it should be a no brainer.
I would however re-write it as follows:
SELECT EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName vendor,
COUNT(DISTINCT A.KeyID) companyCount,
COUNT(DISTINCT EF.DistinctID) emailCount
FROM PSExtract.dbo.vwCompany AS A
INNER JOIN PSExtract.dbo.vwExecutiveAndExecutiveFunction AS EF ON A.KeyID = EF.KeyID
INNER JOIN PSExtract.temp.RJZ_EssentialNet_IndustryGroupIDs AS IG ON A.IndustryGroupID = IG.IndustryGroupID
WHERE EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedID IS NOT NULL
AND EF.OSFunctionID IN (30, 330, 333)
AND EF.OSLevelID IN (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 85)
AND A.NationalRegionID IN (10110, 10130, 10140)
AND A.Employees BETWEEN 50 AND 250
GROUP BY
EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName
ORDER BY
EF.ExtractableEmailVendorFeedName ASC
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HainKurtSr. System AnalystCommented:
run both and check the execution time...
I don't see much difference but second one is more easy to maintain...
0
Anthony PerkinsCommented:
Absolutely!
0
RichNHAuthor Commented:
Thanks for the replies folks, to answer questions in turn:
I don't have the privs to run an execution plan right now.
This was a one shot solution as all the solutions I generate pretty much are, the question was more to figure out if there was a more efficient way. I did try running both samples and they came in neck and neck. For the data I pulled you couldn't really tell who won. My understanding is that sometimes the amount of data we pull and the operations we do will run hours. This query lasted between 4 & 5 minutes.
My understanding from one of the books I was reading was that if you can put a constraint into the JOIN, it's more efficient in execution. I read this in Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Programming by Robert Vieira. Although I do agree that from a maintenance point of view the suggested query in ACPerkins note is much better.
0
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User:Yamarus
Hello, welcome on my Userpage on WIKIVERSITY.
My real name is Gregory, and I live in the Flemish town of Overijse, not far from Brussels, in Belgium. I am a native French speaker and I speak English quite fluently.
I would really enjoy helping people wishing to learn French, find a French speaking pen pal or correct a copy. | WIKI |
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Keywords:
• diindenoperylene;
• organic solar cells;
• GISAXS;
• thin film morphology
Abstract
The performance of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) shows a critical dependence on morphology and structure of the active layers. In small molecule donor/acceptor (D/A) cells fabrication parameters, like substrate temperature and evaporation rate, play a significant role for crystallization and roughening of the film. In particular, the fraction of mixed material at the interface between donor and acceptor is highly relevant for device performance. While an ideal planar heterojunction (PHJ) exhibits the smallest possible interface area resulting in suppressed recombination losses, mixed layers suffer strongly from recombination but show higher exciton dissociation efficiencies. In this study we investigate PHJ and planar-mixed heterojunction (PM-HJ) solar cells based on diindenoperylene (DIP) as donor and C60 as acceptor, fabricated under different growth conditions. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to obtain detailed information about in- and out-of-plane structures and topography. In that way we find that surface and bulk domain distances are correlated in size for PHJs, while PM-HJs show no correlation at all. The resulting solar cell characteristics are strongly affected by the morphology, as reorganizations in structure correlate with changes in the solar cell performance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Date of Completion
2016
Document Type
Honors College Thesis
Department
Biology
Thesis Type
Honors College, College of Arts and Science Honors
First Advisor
Sara Helms Cahan
Keywords
Hymenoptera, microsatellites, polygyny, polyandry, Veromessor, genetic variation
Abstract
According to evolutionary theory, cooperation should evolve most easily in closely related groups. In colonies of ants, bees, and wasps, within-colony relatedness is maximized when all offspring are descended from a single queen mated with a single male. However, in many species colonies are not composed of strictly nuclear families, suggesting there may also be benefits to greater genetic diversity. To increase genetic diversity, a queen can mate with multiple males, termed polyandry, or join with other queens to cohabitate and raise offspring together, termed polygyny. Both options have associated costs, leading to an expected tradeoff in whether queens invest in polygyny or polyandry.
In this project, I tested the polygyny/polyandry tradeoff hypothesis in the desert seed harvester ant Veromessor pergandei. This species forms three different types of colonies across its geographic range: single queen, polygynous, and a temporary form of polygyny where colonies begin with multiple queens but they aggressively compete until only one queen is left alive. If the polygyny/polyandry tradeoff hypothesis explains their mating behaviors, I predict that solo-founding queens should mate with more males than polygynous queens, and polyandry would be higher in temporary groups than in permanent groups. Queens and their offspring from each geographic area were genotyped at six highly variable microsatellite loci to infer the number of males with which the queen had mated. Results showed tentative support for a tradeoff between polygyny and polyandry, but implicated a more complex array of factors then genetic variation only influencing mating frequency in V. pergandei.
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Page:Memoirs of the Lady Hester Stanhope.djvu/36
my equestrian powers, that nothing could be like it. I was the toast there every day.
"Nobody ever saw much of me until Lord Romney's review. I was obliged to play a trick on my father to get there. I pretended, the day before, that I wanted to pay a visit to the Miss Crumps" (or some such name), "and then went from their house to Lord Romney's. Though all the gentry of Kent were there, my father never knew, or was supposed not to have known, that I had been there. The king took great notice of me. I dined with him—that is, what was called dining with him, but at an adjoining table. Lord and Lady Romney served the king and queen, and gentlemen waited on us: Upton changed my plate, and he did it very well. Doctor, dining with royalty, as Lord Melbourne does now, was not so common formerly; I never dined with the king but twice—once at Lord Romney's at an adjoining table, and once afterwards at his own table: oh! what wry faces there were among some of the courtiers! Mr. Pitt was very much pleased at the reception I met with the king took great notice of me, and, I believe, always after liked me personally. Whenever I was talking to the dukes, he was sure to come towards us. 'Where is she?' he would cry; 'where is she? I hear them laugh, and where they are laughing I must go too:' then, as he came nearer, he would | WIKI |
Bill setting US policy in Middle East makes world safer | TheHill
The Senate’s passage of the Strengthening America’s Security in the Middle East Act on Tuesday was a refreshing display of bipartisanship. It sends a powerful message that there remains an unshakable commitment at the heart of American democracy to strengthen our allies and defend U.S. interests in the Middle East. The legislation introduced by Sen. Marco RubioMarco Antonio RubioTrump moves forward with F-16 sale to Taiwan opposed by China The Hill's Morning Report — Trump and the new Israel-'squad' controversy Trump crosses new line with Omar, Tlaib, Israel move MORE (R-Fla.) incorporates four bills that recently advanced in the legislative process by strong bipartisan votes. Every Republican and 23 Democrats — including Minority Leader Chuck SchumerCharles (Chuck) Ellis SchumerLewandowski on potential NH Senate run: If I run, 'I'm going to win' Appropriators warn White House against clawing back foreign aid Colorado candidates vying to take on Gardner warn Hickenlooper they won't back down MORE (D-N.Y.) — voted to advance the legislative package, thus rejecting an insular view of American foreign policy. The final vote of 77-23 in favor of the bill is further evidence of the unshakable bond between the United States and Israel. Leaders in both parties deserve credit for rallying behind this commonsense legislation. Republicans and Democrats who carried the legislation through the Senate are united on the view that it’s in America’s national security interest to ensure that allies such as Israel and Jordan are secure amid the region’s growing destabilizing threats posed by Iran, the Islamic State and their allies. Senators also took a powerful stance against the castigation of Israel at a time of frightening spikes in anti-Semitism in several countries, including the United States. For one, the legislation empowers states and local governments in the United States to counter the anti-Israel Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement. So far, 26 states have passed laws banning contractors from engaging in economic discrimination against Israel. This includes blue states such as New York and California, red states such as Alabama and Texas, and a number of swing states. Opponents of the legislation argue the bill is an effort to suppress free speech. Nothing could be further from the truth. Rather than being a vehicle to infringe on First Amendment rights, it is a tool against hate and intolerance that has no place in America. It is still legal for individuals to boycott anything they like, just as no one is prevented from criticizing Israel. The bill targets organized commercial discrimination against Israel. What’s left to do is for Congress to pass legislation codifying the working definition of anti-Semitism, which 31 countries, including the United States, have been employing since 2016 through the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. But don’t be mistaken, this legislation is more than just an act of solidarity with Israel. It is a bill in support of peace, stability and humanity. Not only does it boost security cooperation with Jordan — a leading Arab ally in the fight against Islamic extremism — it also codifies the vital security assistance agreed upon in a 2016 Memorandum of Understanding between America and Israel. The bill authorizes dramatic, much-needed financial sanctions against Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad’s murderous regime. Supported by Russia and Iran, Assad has unleashed a rampage against his own people, including the use of chemical weapons and the bombing of hospitals and schools. Iran has used the chaos in Syria to finance, arm and train Hezbollah, a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, and is doing the same with Shiite-militia groups in Iraq and Houthi rebels in Yemen. Israel repeatedly has said it would not allow Iran or its proxies to establish a military foothold in Syria. The new legislation equips Israel with much-needed resources to confront this threat. In recent weeks, we witnessed a dangerous flare-up on Israel’s northern border, where the Iron Dome air defense system intercepted an Iranian surface-to-surface missile fired from Syria. The world is at its safest when America is at its strongest, and the passage of the legislation will make America and the world safer. The bipartisan support witnessed in the Senate should be heartening to those who support a strong America. In the House of Representatives, a bipartisan majority is ready to echo the statement made by their Senate colleagues. We hope for swift passage in the House as well. Joshua S. Block is CEO and president of The Israel Project. He is a former Clinton administration official and spokesman at the State Department’s USAID. He got his start on Capitol Hill in the office of Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) and was a spokesman for the Clinton/Gore and Gore/Lieberman presidential campaigns. Follow him on Twitter @JoshBlockDC. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Runtime
The runtime configuration specifies the location of the local file system tree that contains re-loadable configuration elements. If runtime is not configured, a “null” provider is used which has the effect of using all defaults built into the code.
File system layout
Various sections of the configuration guide describe the runtime settings that are available. For example, here are the runtime settings for upstream clusters.
Assume that the folder /srv/runtime/v1 points to the actual file system path where global runtime configurations are stored. The following would be a typical configuration setting for runtime:
• symlink_root: /srv/runtime/current
• subdirectory: envoy
• override_subdirectory: envoy_override
Where /srv/runtime/current is a symbolic link to /srv/runtime/v1.
Each ‘.’ in a runtime key indicates a new directory in the hierarchy, rooted at symlink_root + subdirectory. For example, the health_check.min_interval key would have the following full file system path (using the symbolic link):
/srv/runtime/current/envoy/health_check/min_interval
The terminal portion of a path is the file. The contents of the file constitute the runtime value. When reading numeric values from a file, spaces and new lines will be ignored.
The override_subdirectory is used along with the --service-cluster CLI option. Assume that --service-cluster has been set to my-cluster. Envoy will first look for the health_check.min_interval key in the following full file system path:
/srv/runtime/current/envoy_override/my-cluster/health_check/min_interval
If found, the value will override any value found in the primary lookup path. This allows the user to customize the runtime values for individual clusters on top of global defaults.
Comments
Lines starting with # as the first character are treated as comments.
Comments can be used to provide context on an existing value. Comments are also useful in an otherwise empty file to keep a placeholder for deployment in a time of need.
Statistics
The file system runtime provider emits some statistics in the runtime. namespace.
Name Type Description
load_error Counter Total number of load attempts that resulted in an error
override_dir_not_exists Counter Total number of loads that did not use an override directory
override_dir_exists Counter Total number of loads that did use an override directory
load_success Counter Total number of load attempts that were successful
num_keys Gauge Number of keys currently loaded | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
Acid rain's effect on plants and wildlife
Acid rain is a term used to describe a condition where nitric and sulfuric acids are brought to earth, generally through some form of precipitation. Once these chemicals reach earth, they can have an effect on plant life. While sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides have always been naturally added to the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions, or produced as a by-product of decaying plant matter, they are also produced by burning fossil fuels. When these gases are released into the atmosphere, they are either returned to earth through precipitation, or in dry areas, deposited on the ground and later transported through run off.
Acid rain, produced naturally, has had an effect on plant life, and even structures made from certain materials for centuries, however, there is an indication that man made pollution may be accelerating the condition.
Over the past several decades, scientists have become more and more aware of the effects of acid rain and how it impacts the life and health of plant life on earth. In many areas and under certain conditions, it will cause nutrient depletion, resulting in stunted plant growth and weaker specimens. Combined with other adverse conditions, it can result in the death of large areas of vegetation.
The chemicals in acid rain, once they reach earth and are incorporated into the soil, absorb the naturally occurring vital nutrients needed for plant health and growth. However, how much this will effect any given area depends a great deal on the soil composition. Soils that are thin, deplete more easily than more buffered soils, allowing acid rain to have more impact. Altitude is also a factor. Forests in higher altitudes suffer not only from acid rain and thinner soil, but from the fact that they reside in areas where they may be surrounded by acidic fog and clouds.
Even if the plant or tree is not destroyed outright by a depletion in nutrients, it does weaken the plant, leaving them susceptible to disease and periods of extreme weather. In this condition, a drought, extremely stressful winter, or disease may be fatal. Food crops such as corn, wheat, vegetables and fruits are generally not as affected, since the process of farming itself, which always includes fertilizers that replenish the soil, counteracts the depleting effect of the acid rain.
While natural causes of acid rain cannot be controlled, it is hoped that in the future, improvements and restrictions on exhaust emissions and industrial pollution will help control and limit this problem.
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Heterobasidion irregulare
Heterobasidion irregulare is a tree root rotting pathogenic fungus that belongs to the genus Heterobasidion, which includes important pathogens of conifers and other woody plants. It has a wide host and geographic range throughout North America and causes considerable economic damage in pine plantations in the United States. This fungus is also a serious worry in eastern Canada. Heterobasidion irregulare has been introduced to Italy (Lazio)(modifica) where it has been responsible for extensive tree mortality of stone pine. Due to the ecology, disease type, host range/preference, interfertility group, and genetic information, H. irregulare (formerly known as Heterobasidion annosum P ISG) was designated a new species and distinguished from Heterobasidion occidentale (formerly known as Heterobasidion annosum S ISG).
Hosts, Symptoms and Signs
Many woody plant species have been reported as hosts for H. irregulare. Hosts consist of pines and some other conifers and hardwoods, including ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), red pine (Pinus resinosa), incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and Manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.).
Heterobasidion irregulare causes both above and below-ground symptoms. Above-ground symptoms of infected trees consist of reduced height growth, patches of dead and declining trees, wind-thrown trees, reduced shoot and diameter growth, and resin-soaking at the root collar. Additionally, the crown may become thin and foliage (leaves or needles) becomes chlorotic. The characteristic symptom of most tree root disease, including this type, is a disease center.g This occurs when the fungus has infected one tree and then spreads through the roots to other trees and kills them too. This creates a pattern of old dead trees in the center of the pocket and progressively newer dead, chlorotic, then healthy trees, usually in a circular area. Below-ground symptoms of H. irregulare include excessive pitch production, stringy, white root decay, and root lesions. Signs include the formation of white mycelia between bark scales followed by conks (fruit bodies) that usually form in the duff layer at the base of the tree or stump. The fruit bodies can also form as "foam" on the ground rising from roots under the surface.
Disease cycle
The disease cycle of Heterobasidion irregulare begins with natural wounds on trees or cut stumps. Basidiospores are wind-blown and land on tree wounds. Most spores land within 100 metres of the fruiting bodies. The spores then germinate and the mycelia, or vegetative structure of the fungus, grows into the wood. The mycelia colonizes the wood by decomposing the lignin and cellulose, producing a stringy white rot. It spreads from tree to tree by root grafts, killing trees in an ever-widening circle. The sexual reproductive structures of the fungus, annual or perennial basidiocarps, appear on decomposing stumps and at the base of dead trees and release spores in summer and fall to mid-winter. The highest sporulation occurs from late summer to when the conks freeze. When the conk temperatures are above freezing the spores of the fungus are released and carried by wind currents to land in open wounds or stumps of cut trees. The fungus can survive freezing temperatures both as mycelia and as basidiocarps, and overwinters in the roots and stem tissue of trees. The mycelia produce infectious conidia, but it is unknown how these fit into the disease cycle. When the fungus has obtained enough nutrients it grows a basidiocarp on the outside of a trunk or stump of a tree in the eastern US or inside a hollow stump in the western US.
Environment
Various abiotic factors attribute to the ability of Heterobasidion irregulare to cause disease on trees. Factors such as gaseous regime (oxygen levels), pH of the soil, and moisture content, may affect fungal growth. Disease is most severe on high fertility or lime, alkaline (pH>6), or former agricultural soils. H. irregulare grows best on well drained sandy soils, which are now farm fields that have been converted into plantations in the southern US. Plantations particularly favor this fungus because it enters the plant through a wound or cut surface and then spreads by the roots. Research on temperature requirements for germination and spore production is currently being conducted. It is known however, that H. irregulare is able to germinate at temperatures as low as 8 C.
Management
The best strategy to manage this disease is to avoid infection of stumps. To do this, do not cut trees at major sporulation times, which are summer to late fall, and treat fresh stumps with protectants such as borax, which is registered as cellu-treat or sporax, either as a powder or in aqueous form. These treatments are most effective if done immediately after stump is created (the tree is cut). Other control measures include: use wide spacing when planting to reduce the need for thinning and reduce the potential root grafts, thin only when spores are less abundant, (January through March), and plant tree species that are less susceptible. Another strategy is to avoid logging injuries as the spores enter through such injuries and infect and kill the tree and begin a disease center. Once the fungus is in the stand there is nothing that can be done about it except extremely expensive stump removal and prevention of new infections.
There are bio-controls used in Europe against the Heterobasidion species found there. However, they are not approved for use in the United States and it is uncertain whether they work on Heterobasidion irregulare because of the recent naming of this species, and not much research has been done outside of the US on its reaction to biocontrols.
Importance
This disease is economically important because of its effect on timber species, especially in plantations in the Midwest and Southeast in the United States. It destroys commercially viable trees and causes losses both from reduction of marketable wood and increased cost of treatment to growers. It reduces both volume and height growth as well as eventually killing the trees and causing them to be more susceptible to windthrow and other diseases and insects. In the Southeastern US it was found that as many as 30% of trees can be killed in severely infected stands.
Heterobasidion irregulare is also an ecologically important disturbance agent in natural settings. It creates gaps in forest canopies, allowing light and water to get through, which in turn allows a diversity of plants to establish. It also stresses trees, making them more susceptible to different fungi and insects, particularly bark beetles. These stressed trees can then act as a source of infection by other organisms of nearby healthy trees. | WIKI |
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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B ; (6): 533-578, 2024.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1011275
ABSTRACT
Epigenetic pathways play a critical role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of targeted epigenetic modulators (e.g., inhibitors). However, epigenetic inhibitors have faced multiple challenges, including limited clinical efficacy, toxicities, lack of subtype selectivity, and drug resistance. As a result, the design of new epigenetic modulators (e.g., degraders) such as PROTACs, molecular glue, and hydrophobic tagging (HyT) degraders has garnered significant attention from both academia and pharmaceutical industry, and numerous epigenetic degraders have been discovered in the past decade. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth illustration of new degrading strategies (2017-2023) targeting epigenetic proteins for cancer therapy, focusing on the rational design, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical status, and crystal structure information of these degraders. Importantly, we also provide deep insights into the potential challenges and corresponding remedies of this approach to drug design and development. Overall, we hope this review will offer a better mechanistic understanding and serve as a useful guide for the development of emerging epigenetic-targeting degraders.
2.
Chinese Journal of Surgery ; (12): 166-171, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-808287
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To determine the feasibility and safety of anterior cervical decompression and fusion in severe cervical kyphosis treatment.@*Methods@#Totally 29 patients with severe cervical kyphosis(Cobb angle>50°) underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion from June 2008 to May 2016 were studied retrospectively. There were 19 males and 10 females. The average age was 32.6 years ranging from 14 to 53 years. According to the etiology, 12 patients had iatrogenic deformity (11 had post-laminectomy cervical kyphosis, 1 had kyphosis due to anterior graft subsidence), 5 had neurofibromatosis, 4 had infective kyphosis, 8 had idiopathic cervical kyphosis. The curvature of cervical angle was measured by two-line Cobb method. The severity of cervical kyphosis was evaluated by kyphosis index (KI). Parameters including kyphosis levels, the apex of the kyphosis, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis(SVA) and T1 slope were also measured on lateral radiographs in the neutral position in each patient. The pre- and post-operative Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) of neek pain, neck disability index (NDI) and cervical alignment were compared. All patients were treated by skull traction. Motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential were applied intraoperation as the spinal cord monitor.@*Results@#Skull traction was performed for an average of 6.3 days. The mean vertebral number in kyphotic region was 4.7. The average operation time was 155 minutes and blood loss was 135 ml. The preoperative C2-7Cobb angle was 46.6°±18.1° in average. It was reduced to 11.4°±6.4° in average after operation. The Cobb angle of operation region was 72.9°±19.6° in average before operation. It was reduced to 11.2°±6.4° in average after operation. The kyphosis region correction rate was 84.6%. The mean preoperative C2-7SVA changed from (3.8±14.6) mm to (12.6±7.8) mm postoperatively. The mean preoperative T1 slope changed from -10.6°±16.4° to 7.1°±14.9° postoperatively. The average postoperative C2-7 Cobb angle, Cobb angle of kyphosis region, KI, C2-7 SVA and T1 slope changed significantly compared with preoperation (F=12.700-218.200, all P<0.01). The average postoperative JOA, VAS and NDI scores improved significantly compared with preoperation (F=225.500, 217.900, 131.200, all P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#For severe cervical kyphosis, anterior correction is a safe and effective technique, sufficient decompression will be achieved.
3.
Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases ; (12): 225-229, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-613967
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the population of Jiang'an Town,Rugao,Jiangsu Province from November 13,2014 to December 21,2014.The samples from the Rugao longitudinal study of aging included 1 788 individuals from 31 villages aged from 70 to 84 years.They were all Han nationality,including 830 males and 958 females.History of cerebral infarction was identified according to the neurological diagnosis confirmed by the secondary hospital and above or brain CT.The modified Kyohko Hasegawa dementia scale was used to evaluate the cognitive function.Five dimensions (orientation,memory,near memory,computing power,and common sense) of this population were assessed.The total score >21.5 was non-cognitive impairment and ≤21.5 was cognitive impairment.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Results (1) In the 1 788 subjects,133 had cerebral infarction (7.4%),and 1 655 did not have cerebral infarction.The proportion of hypertension in patients with cerebral infarction was higher than that without cerebral infarction (63.9% [n=85] vs.41.7% [n=690]).The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower than that of the non-cerebral infarction group (1.40±0.29 mmol/L vs.1.47±0.33 mmol/L).There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.05).(2) The patients with cerebral infarction were partially impaired in orientation and computational power,and the overall cognitive function score was 20±7,which was significantly lower than patients with non-cerebral infarction (21±6).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) In 133 patients with cerebral infarction,76 had cognitive impairment,the incidence was 57.1%,and 59 of them were women.The average value of serum creatinine in patients with cognitive impairment was 59±15 μmol/L,which was significantly lower than those with non-cognitive impairment (66±14 μmol/L).There was significant difference (P<0.05).(4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the education level below primary school (OR,2.86,95%CI 2.19-3.72) and female (OR,1.85,95%CI 1.50-2.28) were the independent risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.High serum creatinine concentration (OR,0.96,95%CI 0.95-0.97) was a protective factor for it.Conclusion The cognitive function of the elderly was decreased after cerebral infarction,especially in the aspect of orientation and calculation.The education level below primary school and women were the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment,and high serum creatinine concentration had a certain protective effect.
4.
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ; (24)1994.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-682312
ABSTRACT
Object To study the chemical constituents of Hypericum sampsonii Hance from Yunnan Province Methods Cytotoxicity screening of extracts from wild and cultivated H sampsonii was carried out by L 1210 cell and KB cell Chemical constituents for wild H sampsonii were isolated by column chromatography The chemical structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data analysis Results Six compounds have been isolated and established as 1 benzoyl 3 (3 methyl 2 butenyl) 6, 6, 13, 13 tetramethyl 11 geranyl 5 lxatetracycol[7 3 1 0 3, 7 0 4, 11 ] tridecane 2, 12 dione (sampsonione A, Ⅰ); 1 benzoyl 5 (1 hydroxy isopropyl) 6, 6, 13, 13 tetramethyl 11 geranyl tetracycol [7 3 1 1 0 3, 7 ] tetradecane 2, 12, 14 trione (sampsonione F, Ⅱ); 3 (1 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 hexenyl) 6, 10 di (3 methyl 2 butyryl) 8 benzoyl 9, 9 dimethyl 4 oxatricycol [6 3 1 0 1, 5 ] 5 dodecene 7, 12 dione (sampsonione K, Ⅲ); 1,2 dihydro 3, 6, 8 trihydroxy 1, 1 bis (3 methyl but 2 enyl) xanthen 2, 9 dione (patulone, Ⅳ); 1, 7 dihydroxy 4 methoxy xanthone (Ⅴ) and 1, 3, 6, 7 tetrahydroxy 8 (3 methyl but 2 enyl) xanthone (Ⅵ) Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅵ are first obtained from H sampsonii In addition, the fractions of chloroform extracting and ethyl acetate extracting possess anticancer activities by cytotoxicity tests
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Basic Definitions & Clinical Implications
In this session, you will learn basic pain-related definitions and review pain physiology. This information is critical to understanding the complex nature of the pain experience and the rationale behind various treatment strategies.
Pain Terminology:
For a list of definitions of terms used in pain management see:
http://www.iasp-pain.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Pain_Definitions&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=1728
Pain (International Association of the Study of Pain)
Definition
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is subjective. Each individual learns the meaning of the word "pain" through experiences related to injury in early life. Biologists recognize that those stimuli or illnesses that cause pain are likely to damage tissue. Accordingly, pain is an experience we associate with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is always unpleasant and therefore an emotional experience.
Implication for Clinical Practice
There is no physiological, imaging, or laboratory test that can identify or measure pain. Pain is what the patient says it is. The clinician must accept the patient's report of pain.
Making a Distinction Between Pain and Nociception
Definition
Pain is a conscious experience that results from brain activity in response to a noxious stimulus and engages the sensory, emotional and cognitive processes of the brain. In general terms we can distinguish two dimensions or components of pain: (a) sensory-discriminative and (b) affective-emotional.
Nociception is the process by which information about a noxious stimulus is conveyed to the brain. It is the total sum of neural activity that occurs prior to the cognitive processes that enable humans to identify a sensation as pain. Nociception is necessary but not sufficient for the experience of pain.
Implication for Clinical Practice
The goal of pain therapies is to relieve pain whenever possible: from nociception to the conscious experience as well as to decrease the emotional response to the unpleasant experience. Nociception should be treated even in unconscious patients who appear to be clinically unresponsive to pain to help prevent sensitization of pain pathways which can lead to chronic pain.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Liverpool to Fight Off Real Madrid’s Suarez Bid: Soccer Roundup
The following is a roundup of soccer
stories from U.K. newspapers, with clickable Internet links. Suarez Tops Shortlist Liverpool is determined to fight off a 40 million-pound bid
($60.5 million) from Real Madrid for striker Luis Suarez , who
tops the Spanish club’s shortlist of strikers because he is
cheaper than Napoli’s Edinson Cavani, the Sun reported . Real has contacted Suarez’s agent, Pere Guardiola, and will
table an offer once new manager Carlo Ancelotti severs his links
with current club Paris Saint-Germain and takes over at the
Bernabeu, the newspaper added. Real Pressure Real is ready to test Tottenham Hotspur’s determination to
keep hold of Gareth Bale with a “huge offer” for the Welsh
winger, the Daily Telegraph reported . The Madrid club is under renewed pressure to sign Bale
after its archrival Barcelona agreed to sign Brazilian forward
Neymar on a five-year contract, the newspaper added. Spurs has
offered Bale an improved contract worth around 150,000 pounds a
week, the Telegraph said. Falcao to Monaco ? Monaco agreed to pay 51 million pounds to sign Atletico
Madrid striker Radamel Falcao, the Daily Star reported . “We are expecting Falcao and four or five other players of
his quality,” the Star cited Monaco assistant coach Jean Petit
as saying. “Monaco needs a player like Falcao because he can
help us a lot and he can attract other top players.” Compensation Costs Everton may have to pay Wigan Athletic as much as 5 million
pounds in compensation to hire Roberto Martinez as its next
manager, the Daily Mirror reported . Martinez has no fixed compensation figure in his rolling
contract, giving Wigan owner David Whelan the upper hand in
negotiations, the newspaper said. Martinez will tell Whelan
early this week that he wants to move and succeed David Moyes at
Everton, the Mirror added Gunners Want Grenier Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger confirmed his interest in
signing Lyon’s Clement Grenier, the Daily Mail reported . Grenier, 22, has been likened to former Gunners midfielder
Samir Nasri in style and would cost about 8 million pounds, the
newspaper added. To contact the reporter on this story:
Dan Baynes in Sydney at
dbaynes@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Christopher Elser at
celser@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Leak Detection and Valve Shutoff Automation with Smart IO Hub
Leak Detection and Valve Shutoff Automation with Smart IO Hub
Introducing the SPA-0140 SynLink Smart IO Hub
The SPA-0140 Smart Io Hub is an accessory for SynLink Smart PDUs that provide next-generation automation and environmental sensing solutions. With its advanced digital input sensors ranging from motion detectors to air flow sensors, potential threats are identified and mitigated swiftly.
In addition to sensing, its ability to control a variety of output relay devices, such as actuators and sprinklers, brings a degree of automation that can drastically reduce operational costs. Take, for example, a water leakage in your lab; with SynLink Smart IO Hub solutions, water sensors can detect presence of water and solenoid/ball valves can spring into action to prevent equipment damage, potentially saving thousands in repairs and replacements.
Application: Set up water detection sensors and automate shutoff valves to prevent equipment damage, repairs, and replacements.
Prerequisites
Table of Contents
1. Connect SPA-0140 Smart IO Hub to your SynLink Smart PDU
2. Access SynLink PDU web interface
3. Make physical connections for compatible water sensor and automatic valve
4. Name your leak detection sensor and solenoid/ball valve
5. Create an event action to shut off valve
6. Create a trigger to detect leaks with water sensor
7. Review all Smart IO Hub triggers and actions
8. Shut off all ball valves with front panel user switch for emergencies.
9. Set up automatic Email notification for event trigger
1. Connect SPA-0140 Smart IO Hub to your SynLink Smart PDU
Be sure to connect the provided power supply to the Smart IO Hub before connecting sensor ports. Use the provided ethernet cable to connect the Smart IO Hub Sensor Port to your SynLink Smart PDU Sensor Port
2. Access SynLink PDU web interface
Use the Quick Start Guide to setup your SynLink PDU with an IP address.
Navigate to System -> Sensors to show connected sensors and any relevant events/actions.
Select "See More" on an IO Hub to navigate to a page to review and modify IO Hub state and settings. In here, you can change Sensor names, Output Relay names, Digital Input names, and OPEN/CLOSE output relays.
3. Make physical connections for compatible water sensor and automatic valve
Water Leak Detection Sensor connection:
See more details for 4 Wire water sensors or 5 wire water sensors setups.
Electric Ball Valve connection:
See more details for 2 wire auto return connection.
1/2" Brass Electric Ball Valve - 2 Wire Auto Return (9 to 24V AC/DC) used.
4. Name your leak detection sensor and solenoid/ball valve
Naming the leak detection sensor and solenoid ball valve will make managing events, actions, and general usage more intuitive.
5. Create an event action to shut off valve
Event action is an action the PDU takes when triggered by a particular event trigger. We will create an action that will make the attached valve to shut off and stop the flow of liquid.
Select the appropriate Sensor Port, the output relay that is labeled for the attached valve, and the state of OPEN. The example ball valve will cut off the flow of water when provided voltage is cut.
6. Create a trigger to detect leaks with water sensor
Event triggers are always being monitored for conditions that warrant an action. The following trigger will monitor the leak detection sensor and will shut off the valve automatically when triggered.
Be sure to select the Digital Input State High event type. Select the appropriate Sensor Port, the labeled leak detection sensor, and a max time over threshold. With this configuration, if the leak detector is wet, the digital input will change from LOW (dry) to HIGH (wet), and if it stays wet for 5 seconds: the action "Shut off Valve #1" will trigger.
7. Review all Smart IO Hub triggers and actions
On the System -> Sensors page you will be able to see all events and actions you have created.
History of all event triggers can be found under Logging -> Event Log
8. Shut off all ball valves with front panel user switch for emergencies.
Switch the following user switch to set all output relays to OPEN. In this setup, all attached ball valves will lose voltage, and the valves will shut off. OPEN output relay = CLOSED valve.
9. Set up automatic Email notification for event trigger
See the following guide to set up email notifications for event triggers.
Questions about this set up or any other related setup? Reach out to our electrical team at [email protected].
Back to blog | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rusland Pool
Rusland Pool is a small stream or beck running through the administrative county of Cumbria. Before 1974, Rusland Pool was in Lancashire. The source of Rusland Pool is to be found in Grizedale Forest Park, where several streams draining Monk Coniston Moor and Hawkshead Moor converge near Jack Gap Plantation (where Rusland Pool is known as Grizedale Beck). The beck then follows a southerly course through Grizedale Forest Park, flowing past the settlements of Grizedale and Satterthwaite (where it collects Farra Grain, becoming Force Back) and being joined by Ashes Beck at Rusland, taking its name from this settlement, before continuing its course through the Rusland Valley, before its waters join the estuarine River Leven at Pool Foot near Haverthwaite.
The name of the stream has not always been Rusland Pool - John Speed's 1610 map of Lancashire records the name as Foße fl. (i.e. River Fosse - cf the tributary Force Beck). In 2007, otters were found to have returned to Rusland Pool after many years absence.
Tributaries
* Wear Beck (R)
* Black Beck (R)
* Skowbarrow Beck (L)
* Yew Beck (R)
* Bell Beck (L)
* Ashes Beck (L)
* Dale Park Beck (R)
* Little Mire Beck (L)
* Force Beck (R)
* Farra Grain (R)
* Farra Grain Gill (L)
* Bell Beck (R)
* Grizedale Beck (R) | WIKI |
poo poo poo… everywhere
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/poo-poo-poo-everywhere/
create windows service weblogic admin server
installation notes and $h!t on how to create windows service weblogic admin server…
this has been verified on weblogic 10.3.6 but i believe it will work for any 10.3.x version of weblogic.
*** CHANGE ANY VALUES IN BLUE TO MATCH YOUR OWN VALUES
1. Create a folder to keep all your windows service related files in, i created a winservices folder in my domain
C:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain\winservices
2. Create a cmd file named createAdminWinService.cmd in the winservices folder with the following contents
echo off
SETLOCAL
set DOMAIN_NAME=devtwo_domain
set USERDOMAIN_HOME=c:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain
set SERVER_NAME=AdminServer
call "c:\oracle\wlserver_10.3\server\bin\installSvc.cmd"
ENDLOCAL
3. Go to the WL_HOME\server\bin directory – in my case it’s c:\oracle\wlserver_10.3\server\bin
Backup installSvc.cmd
Then edit installSvc.cmd to contain the following changes
...
set WL_HOME=C:\app\oracle\product\fmw\wlserver_10.3
@rem call "%WL_HOME%\common\bin\commEnv.cmd"
call %USERDOMAIN_HOME%\bin\setDomainEnv.cmd
...
set CLASSPATH=%WEBLOGIC_CLASSPATH%;%CLASSPATH%;C:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain\winservices
...
rem *** Install the service
"%WL_HOME%\server\bin\beasvc" -install -svcname:"beasvc %DOMAIN_NAME%_%SERVER_NAME%" -stopclass:ServerStopper -javahome:"%JAVA_HOME%" -execdir:"%USERDOMAIN_HOME%" -maxconnectretries:"%MAX_CONNECT_RETRIES%" -host:"%HOST%" -port:"%PORT%" -extrapath:"%EXTRAPATH%" -password:"%WLS_PW%" -cmdline:%CMDLINE% -log:"c:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain\servers\AdminServer\logs\AdminServer-stdout.log"
4. Create ServerStopper.java with the following contents in your winservices folder
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.management.ObjectName;
import weblogic.jndi.Environment;
import weblogic.management.MBeanHome;
import weblogic.management.WebLogicMBean;
import weblogic.management.configuration.ServerMBean;
import weblogic.management.runtime.ServerRuntimeMBean;
import weblogic.management.runtime.ServerStates;
import weblogic.management.WebLogicObjectName;
public class ServerStopper {
public static void stop() throws Exception {
MBeanHome home = null;
\\url of the Admin server
String url = "t3:\\localhost:7001";
String username = "weblogic";
String password = "password";
ServerRuntimeMBean serverRuntime = null;
Set mbeanSet = null;
Iterator mbeanIterator = null;
try {
\\ Set ContextClassloader to prevent assertions
URL[] urls = { new File("\").toURL() };
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(new
URLClassLoader(urls));
Environment env = new Environment();
env.setProviderUrl(url);
env.setSecurityPrincipal(username);
env.setSecurityCredentials(password);
Context ctx = env.getInitialContext();
home = (MBeanHome)
ctx.lookup("weblogic.management.adminhome");
mbeanSet = home.getMBeansByType("ServerRuntime");
mbeanIterator = mbeanSet.iterator();
while(mbeanIterator.hasNext()) {
serverRuntime = (ServerRuntimeMBean)mbeanIterator.next();
if(serverRuntime.getState().equals(ServerStates.RUNNING)){
serverRuntime.shutdown();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5. Compile the class file by opening a command prompt and performing the following
cd C:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain\winservices
set CLASSPATH=c:\wlserver_10.3\server\lib\weblogic.jar
javac ServerStopper.java
If you are working with Weblogic 12c, your weblogic.jar will be in a location something like:
C:\wlserver_12.1\server\lib\weblogic.jar
Note: the java class file contains some deprecated items. so you will see some warnings but it should be OK for now:
serverstopper_deprecated
6. Run createAdminWinService.cmd, open a command prompt as Administrator and run the file – example:
cd c:\oracle\user_projects\domains\devtwo_domain\winservices
createAdminWinService.cmd
7. You should now have a service in your Windows Services a service called “beasvc domainname_AdminServer” (in later versions of Weblogic like 12c it will start with something like wlsvc – see image below)
create windows service weblogic admin server
8. Test the service by starting it and accessing the Weblogic Administration Console.
Also test stopping the service through Windows Services.
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/create-windows-service-weblogic-admin-server/
install ohs 12c on windows
installation notes and $h!t on how to install ohs 12c on windows
Oracle HTTP Server 12.1.2.0 (64-bit) on Windows
these steps are a compressed, much easier version of Oracle’s documentation – if you’d like to see Oracle’s version, check it out here. also note that this covers JUST the installation. for configuration of the domain, see the Oracle documentation.
1. Download the OHS from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/ias/index-091236.html
download ohs 12c 64-bit for windows
2. Put the downloaded zip file somewhere and unzip it. I put mines in c:\softwaretmp – you should now have a file named ohs_1212000_win64.exe
3. Open a command prompt as Administrator
4. Execute the exe file
cd c:\softwaretmp
ohs_1212000_win64.exe
5. Feel free to change any of the inputs you see in the screenshots that follow…
6. Oracle HTTP Server Install
install ohs 12c on windows
install ohs 12c on windows
ohs 12c on windows
ohs 12c on windows
ohs 12c on windows
ohs 12c on windows
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/install-ohs-12c-on-windows/
vaccine that fights severe doodoo
that’s right, there’s a vaccine that fights severe doodoo and even bill gates knows how important it is to get that info out there in a twitter pic. right on brotha, right on…
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/vaccine-that-fights-severe-doodoo/
siebel Failed to start Core Services, Failed to create watchdog termination file
siebel Failed to start Core Services – This can occur when sourcing the siebenv.sh as root then trying as the oracle user:
[oracle@devtwo siebsrvr]$ . ./siebenv.sh
Failed to start Core Services: Failed to create watchdog termination file.
Aborted
It may be best to reboot the VM prior to doing the steps below.
1. Backup the regss15: files in the /tmp directory, Example:
cd /tmp
mv regss15:123483357904896 regss15:123483357904896.bak
mv regss15:123483357904896.pid regss15:123483357904896.pid.bak
2. Login as root, change the ownership of watchdog.keepalive (or just do the entire directory)
cd /u01/app/ses/siebsrvr/mw/.mw/core_data/devtwosblsrvr/
chown -R oracle:oinstall .
3. Try to source siebenv.sh again as oracle
[oracle@devtwo siebsrvr]# . ./siebenv.sh
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/siebel-failed-to-start-core-services/
too many open files weblogic
too many open files weblogic
too many open files weblogic
by default webLogic configures 1024 file descriptors. webLogic limits the number of open file descriptors by checking the OS limit in a shell script.
use the following to check or increase the file descriptor limit;
get the weblogic process id
ps –ef |grep java
display the current file desc limit
pfiles processId | grep rlimit
display the hard limit (i.e. cannot be exceeded)
ulimit -Hn
display the soft limit (this can be increased up to the hard limit)
ulimit -Sn
the following can be used to increase the soft limit.
ulimit -S -n 4096
what’s weird is this doesn’t always work for me – alternatively, you can increase the soft (and hard) limit by just editing the file /etc/security/limits.conf
might look something like this
* soft core 4096
* hard nofile 4096
@student hard nproc 20
@faculty soft nproc 20
@faculty hard nproc 50
ftp hard nproc 0
@student - maxlogins 4
:123 hard cpu 5000
@500: soft cpu 10000
600:700 hard locks 10
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/too-many-open-files-weblogic/
log your @$$ off
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/log/
wholly cow… this skit is genius
this skit describes how i feel 5 days a week…
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/wholly-cow-skit-genius/
coding drunk
it’s thursday and i’m tempted to get a head start on this practice…
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/coding-drunk/
php…
Permanent link to this article: http://devnumbertwo.com/944/
Older posts «
» Newer posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer
Zak vs. Zeke
The Cartoon Brew article from 2014 says "Zak", but the Animation Magazine article from 2016 says Zeke, so I guess the name was changed, newer source takes precedence unless we have other newer reliable sources that conflict with this. nyuszika7h (talk) 13:21, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
"Boxxy" or "Catie Wayne" or "Catherine Wayne" ?
Does it makes sense for the actress Catherine Wayne to have her credit changed to an unrelated and separate (to this project) fictional character's name (Boxxy)? She had specifically stated in a public video that she wished to be referred to by her actual birth name (Catie Wayne): 04:00 @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4XmyvWvC-o
Ego by proxy (talk) 02:22, 26 June 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
DEV Community
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Cover image for Custom Resources with AWS CDK
Custom Resources with AWS CDK
Nikhil Zadoo
Originally published at nikhil-zadoo.com ・3 min read
Prerequisite
• Understanding of AWS CDK (Cloud development kit)
• Understanding of AWS Custom resources
Custom resource with lib @aws-cdk/custom-resources
CDK provides a library for conveniently writing custom resources.
As a custom resource author how does it make your life any easier?
• As a custom resource author, you can focus on the actual logic for the custom resource and let CDK take care of other boilerplate stuff. Eg- you do not need to worry about sending the response back to the pre-signed S3 URL. Just return PhysicalResourceId using the return statement and you are good to go. Consequently it also makes your code easier to read and maintain.
• Doubling down on the point above, in case your Custom resource lambda needs to run for more than the lambda timeout, this cdk construct can also take care of polling and retrying by using an additional handler isComplete. An example where this might come in handy would be if you are provisioning some service on EC2 which takes 20~30 mins to stabilize (consider that the max time a lambda can run is 15 minutes at the moment)
How does it do all these things?
As you might have already guessed, the answer is using a wrapper lambda which takes care of the boilerplate stuff, so that you as a custom resource author just concentrate on the logic needed for creating the actual resource.
Lambda needs to return PhysicalResourceId and if needed Data.
Here is an example custom resource lambda which just reads the latest ami-id and returns it after reading from SSM parameter /aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/amzn2-ami-hvm-x86_64-gp2. This example is written in typescript but you can easily achieve the same in the language of your choice (should be supported by AWS LAMBDA ofcourse).
Note that this example is just to demonstrate how to use custom resources with CDK. It has no real use case, since you can always directly use this SSM parameter in your CDK app / Cloudformation stack to get the AMI.
import { CloudFormationCustomResourceEvent } from 'aws-lambda';
import * as AWS from 'aws-sdk';
export const handler = async (event: CloudFormationCustomResourceEvent) => {
const ssm = new AWS.SSM();
switch (event.RequestType) {
case 'Update':
case 'Create': {
const ami = await ssm.getParameter({
Name: '/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/amzn2-ami-hvm-x86_64-gp2',
}).promise();
return {
PhysicalResourceId: ami.Parameter?.Value,
};
}
case 'Delete': {
return;
}
default: {
throw new Error('Unknown request type');
}
}
};
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Stitching it with CDK
Now that we have a lambda which does the actual job of fetching the AMI ID from the SSM parameter, we will see how to use it inside a CDK application. Here is an example:
import * as iam from '@aws-cdk/aws-iam';
import * as lambda from '@aws-cdk/aws-lambda';
import * as cdk from '@aws-cdk/core';
import * as cr from '@aws-cdk/custom-resources';
export class CustomResourceWithCDK extends cdk.Stack {
constructor(scope: cdk.Construct, id: string, props: cdk.StackProps) {
super(scope, id, props);
// Points to the lambda we saw above
const customResourceLambda = new lambda.Function(this, 'CRLambda', {
code: lambda.Code.fromAsset(`${__dirname}/<LOCAL_PATH_TO_LAMBDA>`),
handler: 'index.handler',
runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_12_X,
});
// Allow lambda to read SSM parameter
const ssmPolicy = new iam.PolicyStatement({
effect: iam.Effect.ALLOW,
actions: ['ssm:*'],
resources: ['arn:aws:ssm:eu-west-1::parameter/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/amzn2-ami-hvm-x86_64-gp2'],
});
customResourceLambda.addToRolePolicy(ssmPolicy);
// Create a custom resource provider which wraps around the lambda above
const customResourceProvider = new cr.Provider(this, 'CRProvider', {
onEventHandler: customResourceLambda,
});
// Create a new custom resource consumer
new cdk.CustomResource(this, 'CustomResourceAMIConsume', {
serviceToken: customResourceProvider.serviceToken,
});
}
}
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Understanding this CDK code
const customResourceLambda = new lambda.Function(
...
)
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This part deploys the actual lambda responsible for the Custom resource logic (The first lambda example we saw in this example)
const customResourceProvider = new cr.Provider(
...
)
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This part is responsible for creating a wrapper around your lambda. This wrapper takes care of sending the response back to s3 Pre signed URL in case of SUCCESS/Failure.
new cdk.CustomResource(
...
)
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In this part we are just consuming the Custom resource created above.
There is an even easier way of writing custom resources with CDK if the custom resource just needs to call an AWS API call. That I will cover in another post and later link here too.
Discussion (0) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Horizontal plasma flow at midlatitudes: More mechanisms and the interpretation of observations
Authors
• Clark A. Miller,
• Michael C. Kelley
Abstract
The midlatitude ionosphere has been known for decades to exhibit correlated (or anticorrelated, depending on the coordinate system) perpendicular and parallel meridional ion velocities. This correlation is indicative of horizontal plasma flow, despite the highly magnetized character of the midlatitude F region. This coupling of the perpendicular and parallel dynamics is a consequence of extremely weak atmosphere-ionosphere coupling and the strong tendency for the neutral atmosphere to flow horizontally. Three physical mechanisms have previously been identified as effecting this coupling: ion drag, the F region dynamo, and enhanced gravity-driven diffusion. We point out some difficulties with one of these processes and present two additional mechanisms, wind-driven ionospheric equilibrium and gravity wave seeding of plasma instabilities, which can also result in horizontal plasma flow. Although these additional mechanisms further complicate the observational distinction between the possible mechanisms, we argue that an appropriately clustered array of instruments can still distinguish which mechanism is responsible for any particular geophysical occurrence.
Ancillary | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Loudoun parents decry plan for limited school bus service - The Washington Post
The inside track on Washington politics. *Invalid email address The inside track on Washington politics. *Invalid email address Sign in or create an account so we can save this story to your Reading List. You'll be able to access the story from your Reading List on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Sign in to your account to save this article. Loudoun County's decision to significantly limit bus service next school year is causing an outcry from parents who say new student walking routes are dangerous or inconvenient. About 4,000 additional students will be expected to walk or find another ride to school a change intended to save taxpayer money. But many Loudoun parents say the decline in services is not worth the savings, and about 100 parents have filed appeals. The school system has washed its hands of the responsibility for my kids' safety in getting to and from school, said Claire De Angioletti, a Leesburg mother who recently learned that two of her three children can no longer count on a bus ride to school. That includes a rising fourth-grader who she would never leave home alone but is now expected to send off to school by himself, De Angioletti said. And her rising ninth-grader will have to cross 15 lanes of active traffic in order to access her right to a public education, she said. De Angioletti was one of nearly a dozen parents who met with school transportation officials and her School Board member Tuesday in the Smart's Mill Middle School parking lot to walk a proposed route and discuss the issue. She brought her three children, with their backpacks, lunch bags, water bottles and a French horn. School officials carried clipboards, and one pushed a wheel that measured the distance foot-by-foot. The School Board did not adopt a new transportation policy; rather, members decided to enforce an existing one that says bus service shall be provided to elementary school students who live at least eight-tenths of a mile from their school and for middle and high school students who live at least a mile away. In the past, many students inside those limits have been bused because of construction zones or traffic patterns that were at one time considered unsafe. Board members looking for places to cut costs, in part to close a $16 million shortfall between the School Board's adopted budget and the amount of local funding the Board of Supervisors approved studied the issue for months with school staff. Parents were notified of the new transportation plans last month. School Board member Bill Fox (Leesburg) said the board's priority is to focus resources on the classroom. We are not in the transportation business, he said. We are in the education business. School officials have not released estimates of how much money they will save. The board also wants to encourage the health benefits of walking and to promote a greater sense of community around the schools, Fox said. Walking to school in Loudoun County can be difficult, parents said. The outer suburb was developed around cars, and residential developments have piecemeal (or nonexistent) walking paths and sidewalks. In Leesburg, some of the schools were not built within neighborhoods but on vast tracts of land nearby. The entrance road to Tuscarora High School is nearly a half-mile long a distance not calculated into the new walking zones. And the proposed way to access Smart's Mill Middle is via a long road that parents described as desolate. The parents and school officials walked along that road Tuesday, moving aside occasionally to let a car pass. They turned left on North King Street and stopped at the corner of Battlefield Parkway, where they timed the red light at 18 seconds. The group discussed whether that would be enough time for children to walk across four lanes of traffic. Fox maintained a can-do attitude. Problems could be addressed with better traffic signs and better timing of the traffic light, he said. He suggested that bus service could potentially be provided for a fee to families who really want it. The group walked down Battlefield Parkway and turned into a residential neighborhood more than a mile from Tuscarora High. They came to a stop in one parent's garage, where she had cold drinks waiting. Fox said he was willing to take as much time as needed to address every parent's concerns. But the parents said that with the first day of school approaching, they were running out of time. De Angioletti asked Fox to delay the implementation of the plan. She said she doesn't believe it's safe for her children to walk, meaning that she will have to arrange for rides. This is a huge monkey wrench in our lives every day, she said. The Freddie Gray case Sign up for email updates on the trials. You've signed up for email updates on this story. Please provide a valid email address. Campaign 2016 Email Updates Get the biggest election stories in your inbox. You've signed up for email updates on this story. Please provide a valid email address. local education Success! Check your inbox for details. You might also like: Please enter a valid email address See all newsletters SuperFan Badge SuperFan badge holders consistently post smart, timely comments about Washington area sports and teams. More about badges | Request a badge Culture Connoisseur Badge Culture Connoisseurs consistently offer thought-provoking, timely comments on the arts, lifestyle and entertainment. More about badges | Request a badge Fact Checker Badge Fact Checkers contribute questions, information and facts to The Fact Checker. 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More about badges | Request a badge Post Recommended Washington Post reporters or editors recommend this comment or reader post. You must be logged in to report a comment. You must be logged in to recommend a comment. Comments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers. All comments are posted in the All Comments tab. To pause and restart automatic updates, click Live or Paused. If paused, you'll be notified of the number of additional comments that have come in. Play right from this page It's 3D Mahjongg- you don't even need to wear 3D glasses! Online crossword. Spider Solitaire is known as the king of all solitaire games! Challenge your crossword skills everyday with a huge variety of puzzles waiting for you to solve. local education Success! Check your inbox for details. 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Talk:合味道
RFV discussion: April–October 2019
Rfv for Chinese. . Dokurrat (talk) 11:42, 11 April 2019 (UTC) Rfv-sense for Chinese: "cup noodles". Dokurrat (talk) 02:10, 13 April 2019 (UTC)
* There's a whole Chinese Wikipedia article about it! Johnny Shiz (talk) 15:53, 11 April 2019 (UTC)
* And it is not about cup noodles in general. Dokurrat (talk) 02:10, 13 April 2019 (UTC)
* And many hits on Baidu. ---> Tooironic (talk) 23:47, 11 April 2019 (UTC)
* And they are not about cup noodles in general. Dokurrat (talk) 02:10, 13 April 2019 (UTC)
* Please put more info for why you're RFVing. I'm guessing it's because 合味道 is a particular brand and you want to have verification that it is used to mean "cup noodles" generically. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 03:28, 12 April 2019 (UTC)
* I changed this request from RFV to RFV-sense. Dokurrat (talk) 02:10, 13 April 2019 (UTC)
* The results of Google image search strongly suggest the trademark has not become genericized. --Lambiam 00:10, 13 April 2019 (UTC)
* We have an entry for Adidas. We have an entry for Coca-Cola. We have an entry for McDonald's. What's preventing 合味道 from having an entry for the "cup noodles" sense? Come to think of it, what exactly is Wiktionary's policy on brand names? Johnny Shiz (talk) 20:56, 22 April 2019 (UTC)
* Our policy on brand names is given at WT:BRAND. Adidas and Coca Cola are presented as proper nouns, while 合味道 is presented as just a noun, like 炒飯 or 春捲. And 杯麵, which is not a brand name, is given as synonym. (Also the Chinese name of the robot Baymax from – for a generic name, 杯麪 may be better.) Anyways, Dokurrat never really clarified the basis of their request, but apparently the sense is not the generic one of 杯麵/杯麪, so the given sense is not proper. --Lambiam 22:13, 22 April 2019 (UTC)
* I think it is attestable the same way 可口可樂 is, as a brand name – the Chinese equivalent of Cup Noodles. Examples: 就如同合味道的杯面，不仅价格实惠，配料也很实在，能让你在深夜找到简单的快乐., 平时只能吃出前一丁，或者合味道海鲜面、康师傅排骨面., 手下隨手在垃圾筒撿了一個合味道空杯放在地上.. (I hope I got these right and they refer specifically to this product; the combination of characters is also frequently used in its literal sense, something like “tasty dish”.) --Lambiam 18:10, 27 April 2019 (UTC)
* Rfv-sense failed. Dokurrat (talk) 09:14, 21 June 2019 (UTC)
* You shouldn't have just removed the sense and made the entry useless like that. Should we add a proper noun sense? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 18:20, 21 June 2019 (UTC)
* RFV-sense failed for the generic sense "cup noodles". Proper noun sense added. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 02:48, 21 October 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
5.3.10 element : Identifier documentation
The element contains the documentation for an identifier in a unit. It should occur inside a module tag. It can contain 4 tags:
short
For a one-line description of the identifier. Is used as a header or is used in overviews of constants, types, variables or classes.
descr
Contains the actual description of the identifier.
errors
For functions an procedures this can be used to describe error conditions. It will be put in a separate section below the description section.
seealso
Used to refer to other nodes. will be typeset in a separate section.
The element tag should have at least the name attribute, it is used to link the element node to the actual identifier in the Pascal unit. Other attributes may be added in future.
Example:
<element name="MyEnym">
<descr>Myenum is a simple enumeration type</descr>
</element>
The following attributes are supported:
name
this attribute is required and should equal the identifier name.
opaque
this attribute is used for opaque types: if set to 1, the declaration will be replaced with the term “opaque”.
link
this should contain the name of an element. A link to the current element will be referred to this identifier instead. This can be used in overridden methods/properties to refer to the parent documentation instead.
alwaysvisible
if set to 1, documentation for the element will be shown anyway, even if the current visibility is not shown. This can be used to force generation of documentation for private or protected members of a class even when they are not supposed to be shown. (for example, --hide-protected is given, and one wishes to show a protected method.)
skip
if set to 1, the element will not appear in any overviews. A documentation page may be generated in HTML, but it will not be linked to from any overview.
See also: descr (171), short (220), errors (181), seealso (218) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bijvard
Bijvard (, also Romanized as Bījvard; also known as Bījvar, Bijwar, Bīzhvard, and Borjak) is a village in Kuhpayeh Rural District Rural District, in the Central District of Bardaskan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 455, in 144 families. Bijvard in the region of Razavi Khorasan is located in Iran - some 372 mi (or 598 km) East of Tehran, the country's capital. | WIKI |
Plugins
Easily add native functionality to Xamarin.Forms apps
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last updated: 2016-01
There are many native platform features that exist across all platforms but have slightly different APIs. Developers write plugins to create an abstract cross-platform interface for those features that they can also share with others.
These features include: battery status, compass, motion sensors, geolocation, text-to-speech, and a lot more. Plugins allow these features to be easily accessed by Xamarin.Forms applications.
Finding and Adding Plugins
The Xamarin community has created many cross-platform plugins compatible with Xamarin.Forms - a large collection can be found at:
Xamarin Plugins
For a guide to adding NuGet packages to your project, see our walkthrough on including a NuGet package in your project.
Creating plugins
It's also possible to create and publish your own plugins as Nuget packages (and Xamarin Components). Many existing plugins are open-source so you can review their code to understand how they have been writtern.
For example, the list of plugins below are all open source, and they correspond to the samples in the DependencyService section:
• Text-to-Speech by James Montemagno – GitHub and NuGet
• Battery Status by James Montemagno – GitHub and NuGet
Those Github projects can provide a good starting point for creating your own cross-platform plugins, as do these instructions for creating a plugin for Xamarin.
Structuring Cross-Platform Plugin Projects
Although there are no particular requirements for desiging a NuGet package, there are some guidelines for creating a package for cross-platform apps.
A cross-platform plugin should generally consist of the following components:
• PCL with an Interface that represents the API for the plugin,
• iOS, Android, and Windows class libraries with an implementation of the Interface.
Read James Montemagno's blog post describing the process of creating plugins for Xamarin.
It is a preferable to avoid referencing Xamarin.Forms directly from a plug-in. This can create version-conflict issues when other developers attempt to use the plug-in. Instead try to design the API so that it can be used by any Xamarin or .NET application.
Publishing NuGet Packages
NuGet packages have a nuspec file, which is an xml file that defines which parts of your project are published in the package. The nuspec file also includes information about the package, such as id, title, and authors.
See NuGet's documentation for more information about creating and publishing NuGet packages.
Xamarin Workbook
If it's not already installed, install the Xamarin Workbooks app first. The workbook file should download automatically, but if it doesn't, just click to start the workbook download manually. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Post: optimizing hashmaps even more
Hey all, I wrote a post looking at Rust's hashmap: how it's currently implemented, how we could optimize it further, and directions we could explore to automatically apply these optimizations. Maybe some here might find it interesting. Thanks!
8 Likes
I love this concept. This is exactly the kind of meta-optimization where we make Rust better once and all Rust code benefits.
I'd love to see some prototypes that show how much benefit we could get out of, say, the enum optimization. How many hash tables in the Rust compiler itself have enums as keys, how easily could we try a hack that turns them into simple enum-keyed lookup tables, and could we do a perf run on the result?
1 Like
Doing this kind of optimization is inherently loopy and quite hidden, so I'm kind of worried about both how practical Implementing specialization capable of monomorphizing over use cases would be, and how nonlocal the reasoning is. Rust generally prefers to do what the user asked, how the user asked (e.g. standard types never doing small struct optimization), so while statically switching between enum lookup tables, phf, mixed phf, and fully dynamic tables would keep the API surface identical (and theoretically could keep stack size identical), I'm worried about that being a scarily nonlocal choice and hidden from the developer.
Of course, the crates ecosystem already has some good options if you know your case is statically bounded ahead of time. enum-map provides an easy enum lookup array, and phf provides an immutable perfect hash map. I don't know of, so there's definitely space for, any mutable PHF or mixed PHF off-the-shelf option available. (That said, rolling a mixed PHF with enum-map and a hash map doesn't seem overly onerous, either.)
That said, this does definitely look like an interesting avenue for experimentation.
2 Likes
Rust's HashMap type is tied to a specific hasher type, so the compiler is not allowed to change it to PHF. There's also a problem with usual hashers having a random state, so the hash can't be pre-computed at compile time. So this optimization may be possible in theory, but the specific libstd type has opted out of it already.
But I imagine if you had something like HashMap<k, V, StaticHasher>, then it should be possible to at least precompute hashes at compile time, so that get("string") would optimize to get_hashed(magic_constant, "string") (the string still needed for Eq).
Or perhaps you could make your own HashMap type with const fn get_const or such.
Oh yeah for sure, I initially mentioned this in the post but ended up taking it out. I would imagine this type of optimization would only be possible if the hasher opted into it. I think it would be possible to enable this for Rust's default hasher [1], but you're right we couldn't just enable this for all hashers.
[1]: As I understand it Rust's default hasher doesn't assure a specific algorithm, but instead assures the properties of DDoS resistance + generally good performance. As long as our optimizations don't violate guarantees we've made, I believe we should be able to optimize away!
3 Likes
This topic was automatically closed 90 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cœdès transliteration of Thai
[Untitled]
This page is under construction, in collaboration between Alexis Michaud and Krisda Tan Sirijunto. Please do not delete it before January 1st 2016: we plan to complete it by that date, if not sooner. --AlexisMichaud (talk) 10:40, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
The page has now reached a stable (complete) version. Improvements most welcome, of course. --AlexisMichaud (talk) 02:11, 4 November 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
36 VOLT YAMAHA ELECTRIC GOLF CART WIRING DIAGRAM
If you have a 36-volt Yamaha electric golf cart, it is essential to have a wiring diagram on hand. This will help you troubleshoot any electrical issues and make repairs easily. In this article, we will discuss the importance of having a wiring diagram and provide you with some basic information on how to read one.
The wiring diagram is an essential tool for any electrician, mechanic, or golf cart owner. It shows the electrical layout of your cart and is a visual representation of the wiring system. This diagram allows you to identify wires and troubleshoot any issues that may occur. It can also help you to install new accessories or perform modifications on your golf cart.
To read a wiring diagram, you must understand the symbols and codes used. The symbols will represent the components or parts of your golf cart, while the codes refer to the wires and connections between them. It is essential to know these symbols and codes to understand the diagram fully.
The wiring diagram for a 36-volt Yamaha electric golf cart will typically consist of several parts. The main section is the battery bank, which is responsible for providing power to the cart. This section will contain the wires that connect to each battery, as well as the main fuse and charger port.
Another critical section is the motor controller, which is responsible for controlling the speed and direction of the golf cart. This section will contain the wires that connect the controller to the battery bank, motor, and other components.
Other sections may include the solenoid, key switch, and pedal switch. These are all essential components of the electrical system and must be properly connected and wired.
In conclusion, having a wiring diagram for your 36-volt Yamaha electric golf cart is essential for maintaining and troubleshooting your cart. Understanding the symbols and codes can help you read and interpret the diagram, allowing you to make repairs and modifications with ease. Make sure to keep your wiring diagram on hand and refer to it whenever needed.
Table: Components of a 36-Volt Yamaha Electric Golf Cart Wiring Diagram
| Component | Description |
|——————–|———————————————————|
| Battery Bank | Provides power to the golf cart |
| Motor Controller | Controls the speed and direction of the golf cart |
| Solenoid | Controls the flow of electricity between the battery and motor |
| Key Switch | Allows the golf cart to turn on and off |
| Pedal Switch | Controls the acceleration and braking of the golf cart | | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
You are here
Energy deposition around swift proton tracks in polymethylmethacrylate: How much and how far
Authors:
Maurizio Dapor, Isabel Abril, Pablo de Vera, Rafael Garcia-Molina
Abstract:
The use of proton beams in several modern technologies to probe or modify the properties of materials, such as proton beam lithography or ion beam cancer therapy, requires us to accurately know the extent to which the energy lost by the swift projectiles in the medium is redistributed radially around their tracks, since this determines several endpoints, such as the resolution of imaging or manufacturing techniques, or even the biological outcomes of radiotherapy. In this paper, the radial distribution of the energy deposited around swift-proton tracks in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) by the transport of secondary electrons is obtained by means of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation. The initial energy and angular distributions of the secondary electrons generated by proton impact, as well as the electronic cross sections for the ejection of these electrons, are reliably calculated in the framework of the dielectric formalism, where a realistic electronic excitation spectrum of PMMA is accounted for. The cascade of all secondary electrons generated in PMMA is simulated taking into account the main interactions that occur between these electrons and the condensed phase target. After analyzing the influence that several angular distributions of the electrons generated by the proton beam have on the resulting radial profiles of deposited energy, we conclude that the widely used Rudd and Kim formula should be replaced by the simpler isotropic angular distribution, which leads to radial energy distributions comparable to the ones obtained from more realistic angular distributions. By studying the dependence of the radial dose on the proton energy we recommend lower proton energies than previously published for reducing proximity effects around a proton track. The obtained results are of relevance for assessing the resolution limits of proton beam based imaging and manufacturing techniques.
Date of publication:
22/08/2017
Published in:
Physical Review B 96 (2017) 064113 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Big Town, Big Camera
Album 10 Photos View Slide Show › At a time when taking photographs has never been easier, John Chiara shot New York City the hard way. Mr. Chiara, 44, who lives in San Francisco, built two box cameras the size of kitchen cabinets and loaded them with large sheets of photosensitive paper that produced negatives of the colors projected on it. “New York is a very challenging place to photograph, because it’s been photographed so much,” he said. “It was exciting figuring out what I had to bring to it.” The results are an alternate city that evokes the chaos and monumental architecture of the real thing but invites people to meditate on it rather than rush through. “I wanted it to feel like a fragment of a memory,” he said. “It’s like the visual you get when you’re staring into space, trying to reconcile what you remember with what you saw. You don’t get the whole thing at once. You have moments of clarity, but it’s elusive.” The cameras each took weeks to build; the shooting took the better part of a year. With any image, he never knew quite what he had until he saw the finished print. Bright sky became pitch black; trees glowed as if lit from within. As he worked, Mr. Chiara’s relationship with the city softened and warmed. “There’s no better way to fall in love with a place than to sincerely photograph it,” he said. “The tone did change.” The city images, along with concurrent pictures Mr. Chiara took in the Hudson River Valley, are on display at the Yossi Milo Gallery, 245 10th Avenue in Chelsea, until May 21. The cameras will remain in New York until Mr. Chiara next returns. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
High fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) on turbulent premixed flames at high Re and Ka conditions
Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of combustion provide valuable insights into the physical and chemical aspects of the flow-flame interaction, thereby improving our fundamental understanding of combustion processes that occur in practical devices. The information obtained from the simulation complements experimental observations by providing three-dimensional characterizations of the combustion evolution and interaction with the flow that are not available in experiments. Besides, DNS is employed to develop a high-fidelity database that can be used to verify and validate the modeling approximations used in lower fidelity calculations, such as those given by the large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approaches.
The effect of turbulence on premixed flame propagation characteristics has been a long-standing fundamental question in combustion research. Many existing theoretical descriptions are based on simple chemistry and at weak to moderate levels of flame wrinkling, and thus, need to be carefully assessed at higher levels of turbulence with consideration of detailed chemical pathways for combustion. To this end, high resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) of three-dimensional premixed flame propagation through homogeneous isotropic turbulent flows have been conducted at high Reynolds and Karlovitz numbers, and the detailed simulation data are analyzed to investigate various statistical characteristics of turbulent flame dynamics.
Other fundamental issues on turbulence-flame interaction, such as the alignment of strain rate eigenvectors with the scalar gradient at different temperature iso-surfaces, and the resulting characteristics of the intermittency in the scalar dissipation rates, are currently being investigated in practically relevant turbulent conditions, e.g., elevated pressures, using complex kinetics schemes. As pressure is increased, the flame front gets thinner, more small-scale wrinkling is generated and larger curvatures are observed. Hence, these computations require very fine resolutions. In addition, the employment of detailed kinetics models to simulate the combustion of fuels related to practical applications, such as syngas, DME and methanol, enables the investigation of highly turbulent premixed flames of practical interest. The temporally and spatially resolved simulation data allow us to study flame structures that have not been explored in the past. Furthermore, the Markstein number effect on the turbulent flame speed is also thoroughly investigated, since it is known that the normalized turbulent flame speed decreases with increasing Lewis number or Markstein number. This mechanism affects the turbulent flame speed in primarily two ways: (i) by changing the average local burning rate through tangential straining, and (ii) by changing the overall flame surface area due to differential propagation at positive/negative curvatures. Finally, we have been investigating the turbulent flame topology of highly turbulent premixed flames in the distributed combustion regime, where the small scale turbulent eddies penetrate through the flame making the detection of the flame front a challenging task.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Sanga Yorok
Google Translate
Google translate translates 산가요록 as "mountain", not "record for farming villages". Are they wrong or is wikipedia, or is one of the meanings idiomatic? And if so, which one is idiomatic and which one is literal?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:05, 1 June 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Vanity Fair 1848.djvu/195
UR surprised story now finds itself for a moment among very famous events and personages, and hanging on to the skirts of history. When the eagles of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Corsican upstart, were flying from Provence, where they had perched after a brief sojourn in Elba, and from steeple to steeple until they reached the towers of Notre Dame, I wonder whether the Imperial birds had any eye for a little corner of the parish of Bloomsbury, London, which you might have might thought so quiet, that even the whirring and flapping of those mighty wings would pass unobserved there?
"Napoleon has landed at Cannes." Such news might create a panic at Vienna, and cause Russia to drop his cards, and take Prussia into a corner, and Talleyrand and Metternich to wag their heads together, while Prince Hardenberg, and even the present Marquis of Londonderry, were puzzled; but how was this intelligence to affect a young lady in Russell Square, before whose door the watchman sang the hours when she was asleep: who, if she strolled in the square, was guarded there by the railings and the beadle: who, if she walked ever so short a distance to buy a ribbon in Southampton Bow, was followed by black Sambo with an enormous cane: who was always cared for, dressed, put to bed, and watched over by ever so many guardian angels, with and without wages. Bon Dieu, I say, is it not hard that the fateful rush of the great Imperial struggle can't take place without affecting a poor little harmless girl of eighteen, who is occupied in billing and cooing, or working muslin collars in Russell Square? You, too, kindly, homely flower!—is the great roaring war tempest coming to sweep you down, here, although cowering under the shelter of Holborn? Yes; Napoleon is flinging his last stake, and poor little Emmy Sedley's happiness forms, somehow, part of it.
In the first place, her father's fortune was swept down with that fatal news. All his speculations had of late gone wrong with the luckless | WIKI |
PDA
View Full Version : Problem burning or mounting ISO
stadrum923
25.11.2005, 20:10
I'm new to working with ISOs, I tried burning one a few times and it never plays after I burn it. I heard about Daemons Tools - which "mounts" and ISO image. Truthfully I have no clue what I'm doing. Could somebody give me info on how to burn or mount this ISO. It's a movie ISO by the way. Thanks.
AnalCobra
25.11.2005, 22:48
What did you want to burn?
ISO's aren't good for copying games!
You need Alcohol 120% Images (mdf-mds).
rebellion
26.11.2005, 00:09
I'm new to working with ISOs, I tried burning one a few times and it never plays after I burn it. I heard about Daemons Tools - which "mounts" and ISO image. Truthfully I have no clue what I'm doing. Could somebody give me info on how to burn or mount this ISO. It's a movie ISO by the way. Thanks.
I would go for Blindwrite 5.2.23.156...use automatic settings is really straightforward. I dont recommend Alcohol 120 at the moment because starforce interferes with its reading burning abilties where as Blindwrite (the new version) is ok.
First it will make three files which makes up your Image file similar to an ISO except the two smaller files contain the information of "what data goes where on the disk" rather like the spokes of a wheel! This is what a lot of protections look for....of course an iso is just the data without the "measurement" of where the data must be...got it?
Alcohol makes two files for an image.....one for the DPM (data precision measurement).........this is what starforce is now disabling so go for Blindwrite for now untill the new Alcohol is available v 3105+ ok?
These new image files can be mounted on Daemon Tools virtual drives and played successfully becase they contain the DPM....or sometimes referred to as "topology" of the original disk...i hope this helps...
The lord giveth and the lord taketh away......
rebellion
26.11.2005, 00:19
I'm new to working with ISOs, I tried burning one a few times and it never plays after I burn it. I heard about Daemons Tools - which "mounts" and ISO image. Truthfully I have no clue what I'm doing. Could somebody give me info on how to burn or mount this ISO. It's a movie ISO by the way. Thanks.
Sorry but i noticed you say its a movie iso?
Have you installed a DVD decoder like Power DVD? that could help
Also with Daemon tools running in the taskbar..right click..virtual cd dvd rom.........device 0 no media....mount image .....find the iso you wanna mount open it and thats it.....if you wanna unmount it it is the same but in reverse...have fun....... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
John KOGUT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The COUNTY OF NASSAU, Police Commissioner Donald Kane, Police Commissioner William J. Willett (2005), Police Commissioner James Lawrence, Detective Sean Spillane (Head Of Homicide 1985), Detective Dennis Farrell (Head of Homicide 2005), Carolann Hesseman, as Executrix for the Estate of Joseph Volpe, Detective Robert Dempsey, Detective Albert Martino, Detective Wayne Birdsall, Detective Milton G. Gruber, Detective Charles Fraas, Detective Frank Sir-ianni, Detective Harry Waltman, P.O. Michael Connaughton, P.O. William Diehl, and John Does 1-5, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 13-3130.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Argued: Oct. 15, 2014.
Decided: May 14, 2015.
Paul Casteleiro, Hoboken, N.J. (Anthony M. Grandinette, Mirel Fisch, The Law Office of Anthony M. Grandinette, Mineóla, New York, Rachel Schulman, Great Neck, N.Y., on the brief), for Plaintiff-Appellant.
Robert F. Van Der Waag, Appeals Bureau Chief, Office of the County Attorney of Nassau County, Mineóla, N.Y. (Carnell T. Foskey, County Attorney of Nassau County, Mineóla, N.Y., on the brief), for Defendants-Appellees.
Before: KEARSE, STRAUB, and WESLEY, Circuit Judges.
The, Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption to conform with.the above.
KEARSE, Circuit Judge:
Plaintiff John Kogut, convicted of rape and murder in 1986 but retried and acquitted of those charges in 2005, appeals from a final judgment entered in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York following a jury trial before Joanna Seybert, Judge, dismissing his claims brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and state law against defendants County of Nassau (the “County”) and individual employees or former employees of the Nassau County Police Department (“NCPD”) for, inter alia, due process violations and malicious prosecution. Kogut’s claims were tried jointly with the similar claims asserted in an action brought by John Restivo and Dennis Halstead, who also had been convicted in 1986 of rape and murder of the same victim and whose convictions had also eventually been vacated. At the joint trial here, the jury found in favor of the defendants. On appeal, Kogut contends principally that the district court erred (1) in denying his motion for a separate trial of his claims, at which certain evidence that was admitted at the joint trial would, he argues, have been inadmissible, and (2) in denying his motion for a new trial after unadmitted and inadmissible evidence was given to the jury at the joint trial. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
On November 10, 1984, sixteen-year-old Theresa Fusco failed to return home after leaving work in Lynbrook, New York. Her body was found on December 5, 1984. An autopsy revealed that her death was caused by ligature strangulation; a vaginal swab produced seminal fluids.
A. The Criminal Prosecutions
During the investigation by Detective Joseph Volpe and other NCPD detectives, Kogut, Halstead, and Restivo allegedly made various incriminating statements. On March 5, 1985, NCPD brought Restivo to NCPD headquarters for questioning. On March 6, 1985, Restivo signed a two-page statement (the “Restivo Statement”), written out for him by Volpe, which stated in part as follows:
I would like to say that sometime back, possibly Nov or Dec., 1984 I stopped by my friend Dennis Halstead’s apartment.... We were talking for about 10 or 15 minutes. At this point and kinda of [sic] out of the blue, Dennis started to talk strange. He started talking about a broad. Dennis said he was with a broad (girl), and that he was either by a cemetary [sic], in a cemetary [sic] or across from a cemetary [sic].
(Restivo Statement at 1.)
Two weeks later, Kogut was brought in for questioning. After being questioned, and denying knowledge about the crimes against Fusco, Kogut agreed to return on a later date to take a polygraph examination. Kogut took the polygraph exam on March 25; he was then interrogated by Volpe and defendant Detective Robert Dempsey throughout the night. On March 26, Kogut signed a detailed seven-page confession, written out for him by Volpe, in which he implicated himself as well as Halstead and Restivo in the crimes against Fusco (the “Kogut Confession” or “Confession”). Acknowledging at the outset that he had been informed of his rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present (see Kogut Confession at 1), Kogut stated, inter alia, that on a night in November 1984, he, Restivo, and Halstead had been driving along in Restivo’s van; they saw “a girl,” “about 15 or 16 years old,” walking along the road by the cemetery and offered her a ride home, which she accepted (id at 2, 3). After the girl declined an invitation to have sex, Restivo drove the van into the cemetery; Halstead raped the girl while Kogut held her down; then Restivo raped her. (See id. at 3-4.) Restivo and Halstead carried the then-unconscious girl out of the van; when she began to revive and started saying she would “tell,” the men decided that she must die, and Kogut strangled her to death with a nylon rope. (Id. at 4-6.) Kogut took the girl’s body back to the van and the men then drove from the cemetery to a wooded area, where they left the body in deep brush, covered with leaves and wooden pallets. (See id. at 6-7.)
A videotape was made, in which an Assistant District Attorney (“ADA”) advised Kogut of his constitutional rights; Kogut acknowledged that he understood them; and he repeated the above story. Kogut was promptly arrested. He was indicted on three counts: first-degree rape, second-degree murder in the course of rape; and intentional second-degree murder. Following additional investigation, Restivo and Halstead were also arrested and were indicted on the same charges.
At Kogut’s trial in 1986, the written and videotaped iterations of his Confession were admitted in evidence. The prosecution also introduced hairs of Fusco that were allegedly found in Restivo’s van. Ko-gut denied any involvement in the crime; he testified that the Confession was the creation of Volpe and Dempsey and was coerced. Kogut was found guilty on all counts. He was sentenced to serve 37jé years to life in prison.
Thereafter, Halstead and Restivo were tried together. Neither the Kogut Confession nor the Restivo Statement to the police was admitted at their trial. The prosecution introduced the hair evidence and evidence as to statements allegedly made by Restivo or Halstead to third parties. The latter evidence included a statement by Halstead that Halstead, Restivo, and Kogut had raped Fusco; and statements by Restivo that Restivo, Halstead, and Ko-gut had raped Fusco, that Restivo knew who had killed Fusco, and — prior to the discovery of her body — that the police would find that Fusco had been strangled. Restivo and Halstead were convicted on all counts; each was sentenced to serve 33-1/3 years to life in prison.
B. Vacatur of the Convictions
Beginning in 1993, samples of semen that had been recovered from Fusco’s body at autopsy were subjected to DNA testing, along with DNA samples taken, by consent, from Kogut, Restivo, and Hal-stead. Tests conducted in 1994 and 1995 excluded all three men as the source of male DNA found in the samples recovered from Fusco’s body. Based on these results, Kogut, Restivo, and Halstead promptly moved to vacate their convictions, but their motions were denied. In 2001-2003, new DNA testing was done by three laboratories. These tests identified the same single, intact DNA profile of a male who was “unknown” — i.e., was not Kogut, Restivo, or Halstead, or anyone in law enforcement’s Combined DNA Index System database — as the source of the semen recovered from Fusco’s body. In the spring of 2003, the County agreed to have the convictions of all three men vacated. Halstead and Restivo were not retried, and the charges against them were ultimately dismissed. Kogut, “based on his written and video confession” (Kogut brief on appeal at 3), was retried. Following a bench trial in 2005, he was acquitted.
C. The Present Action
Kogut commenced the present action in December 2006 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against numerous defendants, including the detectives involved in the investigation, alleging, inter alia, malicious prosecution with respect to his prosecution in 1985-1986 and his retrial in 2005. Two days later, Restivo and Halstead (or “Res-tivo/Halstead”) commenced a similar action pursuant to § 1983 against many of the same defendants, alleging, inter alia, malicious prosecution with respect to the events in 1985-1986.
Kogut’s complaint asserted, in addition to malicious prosecution, numerous claims, including denial of due process, false arrest, and false imprisonment. It alleged that the Confession attributed to him was entirely fictitious; that he was coerced into signing the Confession after some 15 continuous hours of questioning, during which he was repeatedly abused, verbally and physically; and that he was coerced into repeating the fictitious account on videotape. (See, e.g., Kogut Complaint ¶¶ 56, 58, 63.) Kogut alleged, inter alia, that he in fact was not informed of his constitutional rights (see id. ¶ 51), although he repeatedly asserted those rights (see id. ¶ 58); that he persistently denied any involvement in or knowledge of the events involving Fusco (see id. ¶¶ 48, 53); that the facts set out in the Confession had been learned by Volpe and Dempsey during the course of their investigation, were not provided by Kogut, and were put in the Confession “to create the illusion that KOGUT had specific personal knowledge about the victim, her manner of death, and the location of the body, amongst other things” (id. ¶ 60); and that defendants had conspired and agreed to lie about the interrogation events, both before the grand jury and at Kogut’s criminal trials (see id. ¶ 65).
The amended complaint filed by Restivo and Halstead (“Restivo/Halstead Complaint”) similarly asserted claims alleging that they were deprived of their rights to due process and a fair trial and that defendants maliciously prosecuted them. It alleged, inter alia, that Restivo, when questioned in March 1985 by Volpe, Dempsey, and other members of NCPD, had truthfully and repeatedly denied knowing anything about the Fusco crimes. (See, e.g., Restivo/Halstead Complaint ¶¶ 52, 57.) It alleged that, some seven hours after bringing Restivo to NCPD headquarters against his will, and after subjecting him to questioning and a polygraph test (see, e.g., id. ¶¶ 51-58), defendants began to abuse Res-tivo, “choking and punching him” in order “to coerce” him “into making a false accusation against Mr. Halstead” (ii. ¶ 59). Only then did Restivo “sign a written statement created by defendants falsely indicating that Mr. Halstead had told him that he raped a girl in, near, or across from a cemetery and then strangled and killed her.” (Id. ¶ 60.) ” (Id. ¶ 61.)
1. Consolidation and the Motions for Separate Trials
In 2007, the district court granted a joint request by all parties to consolidate the Kogut and Restivo/Halstead cases for purposes of discovery. In March 2009, finding that the claims of Kogut and Resti-vo/Halstead involved common questions of law and fact, the court sua sponte consolidated the actions for all purposes.
In a Memorandum and Order dated August 3, 2009 (“Kogut /”), the district court dismissed some of plaintiffs’ claims, including their claims for false arrest and false imprisonment. See Kogut I, at 27. The court also dismissed Restivo/Halstead’s malicious prosecution claims and Kogut’s 1985-1986 malicious prosecution claim, see id. at 17-18; but those* claims were reinstated upon reconsideration, in a Memorandum and Order dated December 11, 2009 {“Kogut IF), at 14-16.
In the summer of 2012, Kogut and Res-tivo/Halstead filed motions requesting that their cases be tried separately. The motions argued that, pursuant to this Court’s decision in Boyd v. City of New York, 336 F.3d 72 (2d Cir.2003) (or “Boyd"), the core question for the plaintiffs’ respective claims of malicious prosecution was, as to each individual plaintiff, whether the defendants had probable cause to believe the prosecution of that individual could succeed based on the admissible evidence. Restivo/Halstead argued that the Kogut Confession could not be considered in the assessment of whether defendants had probable cause to prosecute Restivo or Halstead because it was inadmissible against them in their criminal proceedings, and that since the Confession would be admissible against Kogut, a joint trial would be highly prejudicial to Restivo and Halstead. Kogut, adopting the Resti-vo/Halstead legal arguments, argued that “[a]s is the case with the Kogut confession vis a vie [sic] Restivo/Halstead,” various alleged statements that “will undoubtedly be used against Restivo/Halstead ... are likewise inadmissible against Kogut,” and at a joint trial they would “potentially] ... prejudice” Kogut. (Kogut’s motion dated August 14, 2012, for a severance of his claims for trial, at 2.)
Kogut listed 10 statements attributed to Restivo or Halstead that Kogut viewed as excludable at a trial of his claims if not consolidated with trial of the claims of Restivo/Halstead. Of those statements, the following mentioned Kogut:
D. John Restivo stated to Thomas McBride that he was present for the commission of the rape and murder of Theresa Fusco, but that Dennis Hal-stead and John Kogut “really did it.”
F. John Restivo stated to Steven Dorfman that he, John Kogut and Dennis Halstead did engage in sexual intercourse by forcible compulsion with Theresa Fusco.
H. Dennis Halstead stated to Brian O’Hanlon that he, John Restivo and John Kogut engaged in sexual intercourse by forcible compulsion with Theresa Fusco.
{Id. at 3 (emphases ours).)
At a status conference on August 16, 2012, the district court denied both Resti-vo/Halstead’s and Kogut’s motions for separate trials, ruling that the challenged statements would be admissible against each plaintiff for a limited purpose. (See Hearing Transcript, August 16, 2012 (“Ko-gut III”), at 7-10.) The court noted that
[t]o establish malicious prosecution plaintiffs need to show that, one, the prosecution was initiated against [them]; two, that it was brought with malice; three, but without probable cause to believe that it could succeed; and, four, that the prosecution terminated in favor of the accused plaintiff.
(Id. at 7.) It stated that although under Boyd the statements that were inadmissible at plaintiffs’ underlying criminal proceedings were not admissible in this civil trial to show that defendants had probable cause to prosecute, they could nonetheless be admissible to negate another disputed element of the malicious prosecution claims, ie., that defendants had prosecuted the plaintiffs with malice. (See id. at 5-7, 10-12.)
2. The Joint Trial
At the joint trial, the plaintiffs presented expert testimony to indicate that the hairs introduced at their criminal trials had not been found in Restivo’s van but instead were taken from Fusco’s body at autopsy (see Trial Transcript (“Tr.”) 2093-106, 2209-28); and Kogut and Restivo testified, consistent with their respective complaints, that the incriminating statements they supposedly made to the police were false, were created by Volpe and Dempsey, and were the product of abuse and coercion (see id. at 1355-95, 1400-16, 3622-36). The Restivo Statement was introduced and was the subject of testimony from various witnesses. Other statements focusing on statements attributed to Restivo and Hal-stead were also introduced.
Of the 10 statements listed in Kogut’s motion for a separate trial as likely to prejudice him unless his claims were tried separately, only the three described in Part I.C.l. above mentioned Kogut. Of those three, neither of the statements attributed to Restivo was introduced at the joint trial. The statement attributed to Halstead (ie., his alleged statement to O’Hanlon that Halstead, Restivo, and Ko-gut raped Fusco (the “O’Hanlon-Halstead statement”)) was the subject of testimony from three witnesses here: Restivo’s criminal defense attorney who testified that O’Hanlon had testified to that statement at the Restivo/Halstead criminal trial, a former ADA who testified that O’Hanlon testified at that trial that Halstead said Kogut killed Fusco, and Halstead who testified at the joint trial here that he had made no such statement to O’Hanlon.
The jury was asked to decide the claims of Kogut, Restivo, and Halstead, individually, against each of six or seven specified individual defendants (a) for deprivations of plaintiffs’ respective rights to due process and a fair trial “either by fabricating evidence or by withholding material exculpatory or impeachment evidence” (Verdict Sheet, November 29, 2012, Questions 1-3), and (b) for malicious prosecution (see id. Questions 4-7). It found in favor of each defendant in response to each of those questions. In addition, as to defendant Sean Spillane, who was head of NCPD’s homicide bureau in 1985, the jury found that “while supervising Volpe, Dempsey and the other defendant police officers,” Spillane “created a policy or custom under which unconstitutional practices occurred,” but that a reasonable officer in Spillane’s position as the Commanding Officer of the Homicide Bureau in 1985 would not have understood his conduct to be unconstitutional. (Id. Questions 8(b), (e).) And with regard to a state-law claim for negligent supervision, asserted by Kogut, the jury found that although the County was “responsible for the acts of defendant Spillane in failing to supervise,” the failure to supervise did not “cause[ ] an injury to Plaintiff Kogut.” (Id. Questions 9,10.)
3. Plaintiffs’ Motions for a New Trial
Both Kogut and Restivo/Halstead moved pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 59(a) for a new trial. Kogut argued principally that there were procedural and evidentiary errors (see Part II.B. below), that the verdict was against the clear weight of the evidence, and that the denial of his pretrial motion for separate trials caused him prejudice because of the admission of evidence that would not have been admissible if his claims had been tried separately. In particular, he claimed to have been prejudiced by the introduction of character evidence as to Halstead’s dating a teenage girl and contributing to the delinquency of teenage girls, and by testimony concerning statements about Fusco’s murder allegedly made to third parties by Restivo. None of the alleged Restivo statements about Fus-co mentioned or described Kogut, although one of the defendant detectives testified that Restivo, when questioned about the Fusco murder, said he was “fearful of those two guys,” which the detective interpreted as “meaning Kogut and Halstead” (Tr. 5541).
The district court denied Kogut’s motion for a new trial, see Kogut v. County of Nassau, Nos. 06-CV-6695, 06-CV-6720, 2013 WL 3820826, at *18 (E.D.N.Y. July 22, 2013) (“Kogut IV”), stating, inter alia, that it was not persuaded that any of the evidence Kogut cited was prejudicial to him or affected his substantial rights, see id. at *11.
The district court granted Restivo/Hal-stead’s new-trial motion in part, finding, inter alia, that the jury charge on the probable cause element of Restivo and Halstead’s malicious prosecution claims “may have misled the jury” as to the correct legal standard, ie., may have led the jury to believe that it could consider the Kogut Confession in determining whether defendants had probable cause to prosecute Restivo or Halstead. Id. at *5. The court ordered that Kogut’s case and Resti-vo/Halstead’s case be unconsolidated, and it ordered that final judgment be entered terminating Kogut’s case.
II. DISCUSSION
On appeal, Kogut contends principally that the evidence relating to statements attributed to Restivo or Halstead was not admissible against him at his criminal trials, and that the district court therefore erred (a) in denying his pretrial motion for separate trials and (b) in denying his post-trial Rule 59 motion for a new trial. {See Kogut brief on appeal at 31-43.) He also argues that he was entitled to a new trial because, inter alia, certain unadmitted evidence was inadvertently sent into the jury room, and he challenges certain of the court’s instructions and evidentiary rulings. For the reasons that follow, the circumstances of which Kogut complains do not, either singly or in combination, warrant the conclusion that the district court erred or otherwise abused its discretion.
A. The Denial of Separate Trials
Both a decision by the district court to consolidate cases and a denial by the court of a motion for separate trials are reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion standard. See, e.g., Johnson v. Celotex Corp., 899 F.2d 1281, 1284-85 (2d Cir.) (consolidation), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 920, 111 S.Ct. 297, 112 L.Ed.2d 250 (1990); Alaniz v. Zamora-Quezada, 591 F.3d 761, 773 (5th Cir.2009) (separate trials); see generally Garber v. Randell, 477 F.2d 711, 714 (2d Cir.1973) (severance); 9A C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2392, at 182-83 (3d ed.2008) (an order granting or denying separate trials is reviewed “under the well-established abuse of discretion standard”). “A district court has abused its discretion if it has (1) based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law, (2) made a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or (3) rendered a decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.” Manganiello v. City of New York, 612 F.3d 149, 165 (2d Cir.2010) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Kogut contends, in part, that the court’s decision is entitled to no deference because “in denying his motion to sever, the court gave absolutely no consideration to his interests, whatsoever.” (Kogut brief on appeal at 35; see id. at 34-36.) This contention borders on the frivolous.
The rulings denying Kogut’s and Restivo/Halstead’s motions for separate trials were announced at a status conference that began with the court noting the Restivo/Halstead motion, noting the motion by Kogut, and noting that there were aspects of the Restivo/Halstead motion with which Kogut disagreed. {See Kogut III, at 5.) Although in explaining its denial of the separate trial motions, the court expressly discussed only the extent to which the Kogut Confession would be admissible against Restivo and Halstead, the court’s fundamental rationale — that a statement inadmissible at a criminal trial could nonetheless be admissible in an ensuing civil action asserting claims of malicious prosecution because of its relevance to the malice element of such a claim (see id. at 7-10) — was obviously applicable to Kogut’s challenge to the admissibility against him of the statements of Restivo or Halstead listed in Kogut’s motion. And its applicability was evidently understood by the attorneys representing Kogut at that conference; there was ample opportunity for them to speak up if they believed the court had not sufficiently considered Ko-gut’s position. They made no such suggestion.
As a substantive matter, the district court’s explanation no doubt focused more explicitly on the admissibility against Res-tivo and Halstead of the Kogut Confession because it posed a clearer danger of unfair prejudice to them than any of the statements described in Kogut’s motion posed to Kogut. The Kogut Confession was the sole focus of the Restivo/Halstead separate-trial motion and was a written and videotaped confession to the authorities, recounting the rape and murder of Fusco by Kogut, Restivo, and Halstead in devastating detail. In addition, Restivo/Hal-stead had made a motion in limine to preclude introduction of the Kogut Confession as a defense to their malicious prosecution claims. Kogut’s separate-trial motion, in contrast, did not involve any direct evidence such as a videotaped confession. Rather, Kogut’s motion listed 10 statements that he anticipated would be offered against Restivo and Halstead; nine of them were statements attributed to Resti-vo or Halstead by persons other than the authorities, and the tenth — attributed to Restivo by the authorities — did not mention Kogut. Indeed, seven of the 10 statements anticipatorily challenged by Kogut did not mention him, either explicitly or implicitly; and Kogut had not made any in limine motion to preclude admission of any of the Restivo or Halstead statements against him. Kogut has not proffered any persuasive basis for a conclusion that in substance the denial of his separate-trial motion was an abuse of discretion.
Nor is there merit in Kogut’s contention that the district court erred in denying his motion for a new trial on the ground that it should have granted separate trials. In making his motion for a new trial on this ground, Kogut principally incorporated by reference his pretrial motion for separate trials; he made no effort to focus his post-trial motion on the statements that were actually admitted at the joint trial. As it turned out, from the 10-item list set out in his pretrial motion, the only two Restivo statements that mentioned Kogut (allegedly made to Thomas McBride and Steven Dorfman, see Part I.C.l. above) — as well as several of the statements that did not mention Kogut — were not introduced. Only one of the statements that mentioned Kogut — the O’Hanlon-Halstead statement — was introduced at trial. But Ko-gut’s motion for a new trial contained no discussion of the O’Hanloh-Halstead statement. He did argue that he was prejudiced by the introduction of various statements attributed to Restivo, only one of which had been listed in his pretrial severance motion (and none of which mentioned Kogut), and these arguments were addressed by the district court. Although Kogut’s new-trial motion also stated that it incorporated the arguments he had made in his severance motion — in which the O’Hanlon-Halstead statement was one of the 10 listed — that pretrial motion had argued the “potential” for prejudice. Ko-gut’s motion for a new trial made no argument that the evidence admitted with regard to the O’Hanlon-Halstead statement caused him actual prejudice.
As Kogut did not argue to the district court that he was entitled to a new trial because he was prejudiced by the admission of the evidence as to the O’Han-lon-Halstead statement, his present reliance on that evidence (see Kogut brief on appeal at 40-41) is reviewable only for plain error. A plain error is (1) an error (2) that is plain, (3) that prejudicially affected the defendant’s “substantial rights” and (4) that “seriously affect[ed] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 732, 113 S.Ct. 1770, 123 L.Ed.2d 508 (1993) (internal quotation marks omitted). Kogut cannot meet this standard.
Kogut’s complaint about the evidence as to the O’Hanlon-Halstead statement does not satisfy even the first element of this test, for we cannot conclude that its admission was error. With regard to that statement — as with regard to evidence against Restivo or Halstead that did not mention Kogut — Kogut argues simply that the evidence “was admissible only as to Restivo and Halstead” and its admission prejudiced Kogut. (Kogut brief on appeal at 38; see, e.g., id. at 42-43.) But the basis for his premise that it was inadmissible against him in the present case is his argument, relying principally on Boyd v. City of New York, 336 F.3d 72 (see, e.g., Kogut brief on appeal at 47; reply brief on appeal at 14-15), that those statements were not admitted, and were inadmissible, at his criminal- trial. He also argues that many of these alleged statements were irrelevant because they were made after Kogut was arrested. (See, e.g., Kogut brief on appeal at 5; id. at 47 (characterizing Boyd as “holding that a criminal defendant’s statement, made after his arrest, cannot contribute to the probable cause determination” (emphasis in brief)); reply brief at 14.) Kogut’s arguments misconstrue Boyd and ignore the basis for the district court’s ruling on admissibility here.
Boyd was an appeal from the dismissal of a claim for malicious prosecution on a motion for summary judgment. See 336 F.3d at 75. Boyd had been prosecuted for possession of a stolen vehicle with knowledge that it was stolen; the police had probable cause to believe that Boyd knew it was stolen based only on a statement he made in response to their questioning. See id. at 74, 77. Although there was no dispute that the statement was made before Boyd was given Miranda warnings, Boyd claimed it was made after he was arrested, and the officers claimed it was made before he was arrested. See id. at 74. If made after his arrest, it was an un-Mirandized custodial statement that was inadmissible at his criminal trial. The statement was eventually suppressed on the ground that it was an un-Mirandized custodial statement; and as it was the only evidence the officers had as to Boyd’s knowledge that the vehicle was stolen, the criminal charges against him were dismissed. See id. at 75, 77.
We reversed the grant of summary judgment dismissing Boyd’s malicious prosecution claim, because the divergent versions of the sequence of events created a genuine issue of material fact for trial. We noted that the statement in question would have provided the officers with “the minimum requisite probable cause to believe that the prosecution could succeed. However, ... if the statement was made after Boyd’s arrest, it would dearly not he admissible and then there would be no probable cause to believe the prosecution could succeed,” because that statement was “the only evidence the police had that could reasonably indicate” that Boyd knew the vehicle was stolen. Id. at 77 (emphases added). Accordingly, the timing of Boyd’s statement in relationship to the time of his arrest was crucial. There is no similarity between that case and this. Ko-gut’s reliance on Boyd for the proposition that statements by Restivo or Halstead could not be considered because they were made after Kogut’s arrest is misplaced.
We also do not interpret Boyd to mean that only evidence that was in fact admitted at the criminal trial may be considered in a subsequent civil trial on the issue of probable cause to prosecute. Prosecutors are not required to offer into evidence every shred of evidence they have as to guilt; and if they have sufficient admissible evidence, Boyd does not preclude the admission of additional evidence in the later civil suit.
In sum, the circumstances in Boyd— which concerned an un-Mirandized statement that was the only evidence the police had to support one of the elements of the offense with which Boyd was charged and which necessitated a focus on the relative timing of the statement and Boyd’s arrest — bear no resemblance to the eircum-' stances here. The challenged statements of Restivo and Halstead — although not admissible at Kogut’s criminal trial — were obviously not the only evidence the defendants in this case had to prove Kogut’s guilt. Kogut’s Confession, both as written and as videotaped, was preceded by his acknowledgement that he had received Miranda warnings; Kogut does not contend that it was inadmissible at his criminal trial; and the jury was entitled to find that the Confession in and of itself gave the detectives ample probable cause to believe that the prosecution against him would succeed.
The district court denied Kogut’s motion for a separate trial on the ground that the statements attributed to Restivo and Hal-stead were admissible not on the issue of whether the detectives had probable cause to prosecute Kogut but rather on the lack-of-malice element of Kogut’s malicious prosecution claim. We do not see any indication in the record that Kogut argued to the district court that its ruling as to relevance was erroneous; nor would such an argument have been meritorious. “Evidence is relevant if ... it has any tendency to make a fact” that is “of consequence in determining the action” “more or less probable than it would be without the evidence.” Fed.R.Evid. 401. In this Court, Kogut repeatedly argues that the statements attributed to Restivo or Halstead should have been excluded because, by mentioning “details” that were described in the Kogut Confession, those statements “corroborated” his Confession. (Kogut brief on appeal at 21; see, e.g., id. at 31, 42, 48, 58-59.) That argument proves too much: The detectives’ receipt of corroboration for Kogut’s Confession would increase the likelihood that their prosecution of Kogut was not motivated by a “ ‘wrong or improper motive,’” i.e., “‘something other than a desire to see the ends of justice served,’ ” Lowth v. Town of Cheektowaga, 82 F.3d 563, 573 (2d Cir.1996) (quoting Nardelli v. Stamberg, 44 N.Y.2d 500, 502-03, 406 N.Y.S.2d 443, 445, 377 N.E.2d 975 (1978)). Accordingly, the district court’s ruling that corroborating statements were relevant to the malice element of Kogut’s malicious prosecution claims was not error.
To the extent that Kogut contends that the statements should have been excluded in spite of their relevance because they were unduly prejudicial to him (see Kogut reply brief on appeal at 15), see generally Fed.R.Evid. 403, we are unpersuaded. Kogut’s own Confession, detailed, written, and videotaped, made the general statements by other persons — only one of which even mentioned him — pale by comparison. We see no abuse of discretion in the district court’s conclusion that the introduction of statements that were relevant on the issue of malice, and most of which did not explicitly or implicitly mention Kogut, did not unfairly prejudice him.
Finally, we note that in its jury charge, the district court did not pursue the nuanced treatment of the Restivo or Hal-stead statements that was reflected in its pretrial rulings, in that it did not state, with respect to Kogut’s malicious prosecution claims, that the jury could consider the Restivo or Halstead statements only on the issue of malice rather than on the issue of probable cause to prosecute. However, “[a]t every stage of the proceeding, the court must disregard all errors and defects that do not affect any party’s substantial rights,” Fed.R.Civ.P. 61; a substantial right is implicated if there is a “likelihood that the error affected the outcome of the case,” Tesser v. Board of Education, 370 F.3d 314, 319 (2d Cir.2004) (internal quotation marks omitted). Here, given that, on the probable cause issue, the jury had before it the detailed self-incriminating Kogut Confession in writing and on videotape, we cannot conclude that the general Restivo or Halstead statements swayed the jury on that issue in any material way. The instructions, if erroneous in failing to parse the issues to which the Restivo/Halstead statements were relevant, did not affect Kogut’s substantial rights.
B. Other Contentions
Kogut’s additional contentions do not require extended discussion. He complains, inter alia, that the trial court erred in admitting certain evidence against him and in excluding expert evidence he proffered. We apply abuse-of-discretion review to a trial court’s evidentiary rulings, see, e.g., Old Chief v. United States, 519 U.S. 172, 174 n.1, 117 S.Ct. 644, 136 L.Ed.2d 574 (1997); United States v. Abel, 469 U.S. 45, 54-55, 105 S.Ct. 465, 83 L.Ed.2d 450 (1984), including those as to the admissibility of expert testimony, see, e.g., General Electric Co. v. Joiner, 522 U.S. 136, 138-39, 141-43, 118 S.Ct. 512, 139 L.Ed.2d 508 (1997); Salem v. United States Lines Co., 370 U.S. 31, 35, 82 S.Ct. 1119, 8 L.Ed.2d 313 (1962) (“[T]he trial judge has broad discretion in the matter of the admission or exclusion of expert evidence, and his action is to be sustained unless manifestly erroneous.”); Chin v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey, 685 F.3d 135, 160-61 (2d Cir.2012), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 133 S.Ct. 1724, 185 L.Ed.2d 785 (2013). We see no abuse of discretion in any of the district court’s evidentiary rulings.
Kogut’s complaint that the jury was exposed to unadmitted and inadmissible documents that were inadvertently delivered to the jury room has greater substance, but we conclude that that event did not warrant a new trial. The incident occurred near the end of deliberations, when the jury asked to see the documentary evidence as to Kogut’s polygraph examination. Kogut’s polygraph documentation had been admitted in evidence in redacted form, but counsel for defendants and Res-tivo/Halstead inadvertently sent into the jury room thé unredacted documents — including one form containing the polygraph examiner’s determination that Kogut had been lying during his examination and one background form that contained information on Kogut’s prior criminal history. “Counsel noticed the error within minutes, and Court personnel retrieved the documents. Upon retrieval, however, one juror stated T think you want this back,’ referring to the polygraph exhibits. (Trial Tr. 6196.).” Kogut IV, 2013 WL 3820826, at *9.
After the swift retrieval of the documents, the court immediately took action as requested by the parties:
Plaintiffs’ counsel drafted a curative instruction, which the Court adopted almost verbatim. The Court informed the jury that they had been mistakenly provided a portion of Exhibit 8 that was not in evidence and instructed them that “[tjhere is no evidence of any polygraph test result before you in this case.”
Id. at *10 (quoting Tr. 6199). And the court reminded the jury of the court’s prior instructions that polygraph results were not admissible and should not be used by the jury for any purpose. See Kogut IV, 2013 WL 3820826, at *10.
In addition, at the request of counsel for Kogut, the court “questioned each individual juror as to whether they could follow the Court’s directive.” Id. Each juror responded in the affirmative (see Tr. 6199-200), and it is “normal[ to] presume that a jury will follow an instruction to disregard inadmissible evidence inadvertently presented to it, unless there is an overwhelming probability that the jury will be unable to follow the court’s instructions,” Greer v. Miller, 483 U.S. 756, 766 n.8, 107 S.Ct. 3102, 97 L.Ed.2d 618 (1987) (internal quotation marks omitted). We see no such probability here. The record does not indicate that Kogut made any other request for curative action, and “at no time during discussion of the matter did Plaintiffs’ counsel request a mistrial,” Ko-gut IV, 2013 WL 3820826, at *10.
On this record, we cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion in denying the posttrial motion for a new trial on the basis of the inadvertently delivered documents.
CONCLUSION
We have considered all of Kogut’s arguments on this appeal and have found in them no basis for reversal. The judgment of the district court is affirmed. | CASELAW |
BRIEF-Western Digital comments on SanDisk intellectual property, SanDisk-Toshiba JVs
Oct 10 (Reuters) - Western Digital: * Western Digital comments on SanDisk’s intellectual property, consent rights, SanDisk-Toshiba joint ventures * SanDisk to seek injunctive relief to prevent Toshiba from transferring JV interests without SanDisk’s consent until arbitration is complete * Western Digital, commenting on potential settlement with Bain Capital, says Bain Capital has not contacted Western Digital * Western Digital, commenting on potential settlement with Bain Capital, says it does not have any current discussions with Bain Capital * Toshiba’s assertion that Bain-SK Hynix consortium is similar to consortium agreed to by Western Digital earlier is “inaccurate” * In relation to deal with Toshiba, consortium endorsed by Western Digital did not include its competitors or customers Source text - (bit.ly/2grhuUV) Further company coverage: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Painted Veil - Maugham - 1925.djvu/241
wanted to stay because she had nowhere else to go. It was a curious sensation this, that nobody in the world cared two straws whether she was alive or dead.
“I cannot understand that you should be reluctant to go home,” pursued the Superior amiably. “There are many foreigners in this country who would give a great deal to have your chance!”
“But not you, Mother?”
“Oh, with us it is different, my dear child. When we come here we know that we have left our homes for ever.”
Out of her own wounded feelings emerged the desire in Kitty’s mind, malicious perhaps, to seek the joint in the armour of faith which rendered the nuns so aloofly immune to all the natural feelings. She wanted to see whether there was left in the Superior any of the weakness of humanity.
“I should have thought that sometimes it was hard never to see again those that are dear to you and the scenes amid which you were brought up.”
The Mother Superior hesitated for a moment, but Kitty watching her could see no change in the serenity of her beautiful and austere face.
“It is hard for my mother who is old now, for I am her only daughter and she would dearly like to see me once more before she dies. I wish I could give her that joy. But it cannot be and we shall wait till we can meet in paradise.”
“All the same, when one thinks of those to whom one is so dear, it must be difficult not to ask oneself if one was right in cutting oneself off from them.” | WIKI |
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Hi! I specialize in correcting articles and give imaginary badges. To request a badge, please say [request-badge] on my talk page. | WIKI |
It's Official: Instagram Is Eating Snap's Lunch
This is Snap 's(NYSE: SNAP) worst nightmare. The fledgling social media company utterly loathes when larger rival Facebook (NASDAQ: FB) replicates features borrowed from Snapchat, but has no recourse when Facebook does so. Over the years, Facebook has copied different features with varying success; there was Poke and Camera in 2012, followed by Slingshot in 2014, all of which failed and were subsequently shuttered.
But Facebook has hit it big with Instagram Stories, more than making up for those prior attempts.
200 million and counting
Instagram has announced that Stories, which was launched last August, now has over 200 million daily active users (DAUs). The photo-sharing service is also adding a handful of new sticker tools intended to inspire creativity among users. The DAU figure is the real story here though, as Instagram Stories is now officially larger than Snapchat. Instagram previously announced 100 million DAUs in October 2016 (just two months after launch), and then 150 million DAUs in January 2017.
Snapchat's latest DAU count was 158 million as of the end of December 2016. Snap has yet to report earnings as a public company; its first quarterly report is scheduled for May 10.
Theoretically, it's possible that Snapchat closed out the first quarter with over 200 million DAUs, but that's extremely unlikely. That would require over 42 million new DAUs compared to the fourth quarter, and sequential DAU growth has been decelerating significantly following the launch of Instagram Stories. Snapchat only added 5 million DAUs in Q4 2016, down from 10 million new DAUs in Q3 2016.
Snap has said that DAU growth is heavily reliant on new product features. It introduced a major redesign for its flagship platform earlier this year, including a universal search bar aiming to streamline navigating the interface. The new search function is important, as it can help users discover more content and help engagement, but it's extremely unlikely that these changes brought in tens of millions of new DAUs last quarter.
"Fail harder" is part of Facebook's culture. This poster is hung in Facebook HQ. Image source: Facebook.
Instagram Stories overtaking Snapchat within a mere eight months is rather telling. The two companies have been competing for years while Snap was still private, but Facebook can experiment until it hits it big even if prior shots have failed. "Fail harder" is one of Facebook's internal mottos, and the company's prior failures at replication have led to Instagram Stories. Like the old saying goes, "If at first you don't succeed at copying a competitor, try, try again."
Competition will only intensify in the years ahead, except this time in public view. Now that Snap is a public company, the rivalry will take on a whole new level of scrutiny as investors with money on the line watch every move even more closely.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Rachel, Nevada
heh
Rick's original text read "UFO hunters visit Rachel to buy supplies before continuing on down the highway to try to catch activities at the top-secret United States Air Force base." I was tempted to follow this, adding "...and then are sure to catch activities Fort Leavenworth Kansas, generally for several decades" but I thought better of it. In practice almost no-one uses Rachel as a staging point on an Area 51 expedition any more (and it's not like all that many people ever did). Since the government acquired all the high lands west of Rachel (between it and Groom) there's really no point, and climbing the mountains to the east requires more effort, and a longer lens, than is worthwhile. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 02:11, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090527141308/http://www.lincolncountynevada.com/Lincoln-County-Nevada-Rachel.html to http://www.lincolncountynevada.com/Lincoln-County-Nevada-Rachel.html
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Recent updates
My recent updates to this page were reverted with the comment "unreliable source". How is a reference to the official web site of the town of Rachel, NV an unreliable source for a page dedicated to the town or Rachel NV?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by JoergArnu (talk • contribs) 18:12, 30 October 2019 (UTC)
* Read WP:RS. Calling something "official" doesn't make it so. OhNo itsJamie Talk 18:23, 30 October 2019 (UTC)
Next thing you are going to dispute the earth is a sphere. Humor me kid, define "official". — Preceding unsigned comment added by JoergArnu (talk • contribs) 03:38, 31 October 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
94% of Warren Buffett's $321 Billion Portfolio Is Invested in Only 4 Sectors
Few investors are more revered on Wall Street than Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE: BRK.A)(NYSE: BRK.B) CEO Warren Buffett. That's because he's overseen a 19.8% average annualized return in his company's Class A shares since 1965. This is double the total annualized return, including dividends, of the broad-based S&P 500 (9.9%) over the same time span.
The Oracle of Omaha's recipe for success has a number of ingredients, including long holding periods, a love of dividend stocks, and penchant for buying into cyclical businesses. But it's the concentration of Berkshire Hathaway's investment portfolio that's really played a key role in delivering outsize returns for more than a half-century.
Berkshire Hathaway CEO Warren Buffett. Image source: The Motley Fool.
As I've pointed out before, Buffett and his team have piled a significant percentage of their company's invested assets into just a few stocks. What you might not realize is Berkshire's portfolio concentration is even more magnified when examined by sector. Approximately 94% of the $321 billion investment portfolio Buffett oversees is invested in only four sectors, based on Form 13F data, as of Dec. 31.
Information technology: 41.87% of invested assets
When 2022 came to a close, Berkshire Hathaway held stakes in seven tech stocks, including value play HP, semiconductor giant Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, and cloud data-warehousing company Snowflake. But the lion's share of this 41.87% stake belongs to Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL).
To venture a guess, I'd say that Apple is the only tech stock Warren Buffett has played any role in purchasing for Berkshire Hathaway's portfolio. The Oracle of Omaha tends to concentrate his research on sectors and industries where he has a deep understanding. Technology isn't one of those sectors that he's typically devoted a lot of attention to. This means Berkshire's other tech holdings were probably purchased by Buffett's investing lieutenants, Ted Weschler and/or Todd Combs.
But there are a number of clear reasons why Apple represents such a large percentage of invested assets. For one, it's a well-known brand that consumers gravitate to. Brands that keep customers loyal are businesses that are bound to catch the Oracle of Omaha's attention.
Apple's innovation also plays an important role in its outperformance. The company's iPhone commands roughly half of all U.S. smartphone market share, while its subscription services segment is putting up record sales figures.
However, Apple's capital-return program might be its biggest lure. Apple is parsing out $14.55 billion annually in dividends, and it's repurchased in excess of $550 billion of its common stock since the beginning of 2013.
Financials: 24.52% of invested assets
Though these sector weightings are skewed by Apple's outsized position, financials have historically been Warren Buffett's favorite sector to invest in.
The reason Buffett loves financial stocks so much is because they're cyclical. Even though economic downturns are inevitable, they don't last very long. Comparatively, periods of economic expansion are usually measured in years. For buy-and-hold investors like Warren Buffett, the natural expansion of the U.S. and global economy over time allows bank stocks, insurers, payment processors, and credit-rating agencies to expand in lockstep.
Bank of America (NYSE: BAC), American Express (NYSE: AXP), and Moody's are the big dogs for Berkshire Hathaway. AmEx and Moody's are among Buffett's longest-held stocks -- since 1993 for American Express and 2001 for Moody's -- while BofA is Berkshire Hathaway's second-largest holding behind Apple.
The current economic climate is a particularly interesting time for Bank of America and American Express. Normally, the fear of a recession would coerce the Federal Reserve to soften its monetary policy and potentially reduce interest rates to spur lending. But with inflation still historically high, the nation's central bank continues to aggressively rate interest rates.
For lending institutions like Bank of America and American Express, rising rates means the possibility of higher net interest income more than offsetting loan losses. In other words, there's a chance financials could outperform in the profit column during an economic downturn.
Image source: Getty Images.
Energy: 13.88% of invested assets
For the second consecutive quarter, energy is a top-three sector for Berkshire Hathaway. The 13.9% weighting represents the highest percentage of invested assets devoted to energy stocks this century for Buffett's company.
The prevailing catalyst behind energy stocks is the expectation that the price of energy commodities (specifically oil) will remain elevated. Thanks to a broken global energy supply chain, this thesis does hold water.
One year ago, Russia invaded Ukraine, which put Europe's oil and gas supply needs into question. Additionally, global energy companies have reduced their capital investments for the past three years due to demand uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Underinvestment in drilling, exploration, and infrastructure could make it difficult for domestic and global oil supply to be increased anytime soon. More often than not, supply constraints have a positive impact on the spot price of crude oil.
The intriguing aspect of Berkshire Hathaway's energy holdings is that it only owns two stocks: Chevron (NYSE: CVX) and Occidental Petroleum (NYSE: OXY). But these have turned into massive positions within Berkshire's portfolio.
Although both companies are integrated operators -- i.e., they own midstream and/or downstream assets, in addition to drilling assets -- they have their differences. Chevron has a much cleaner balance sheet and its board recently OK'd an up to $75 billion share buyback. Meanwhile, Occidental has more net debt to dig out from. However, Occidental's revenue mix is also more reliant on drilling, which may allow it to take advantage of sustainably higher oil prices even more than Chevron.
Consumer staples: 13.72% of invested assets
The fourth sector responsible for highly concentrating Warren Buffett's portfolio is consumer staples. Berkshire Hathaway holds five consumer staples stocks that account for about 13.7% of the company's invested assets. While that's a slightly higher weighting than at the end of 2021 (11.56%), it's a far cry from the 45% weighting consumer staples had in Buffett's portfolio in 2010.
What attracts investors like Buffett, Weschler, and Combs to consumer staples stocks is their predictability. No matter how poorly the U.S. economy performs or how high inflation flies, people still need to buy food, beverages, detergent, toothpaste, toilet paper, and a variety of other goods. Consumer staples are often profitable, time-tested businesses that deliver predictable cash flow and a rock-solid dividend.
Among Berkshire Hathaway's five consumer staples stocks, it's Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO) and Kraft Heinz (NASDAQ: KHC) that stand out.
Coca-Cola is Buffett's longest-tenured holding (35 years and counting) and arguably the most-recognized consumer goods brand on the planet. Coca-Cola is operating in all but three countries worldwide, which allows it to generate predictable cash flow in developed markets and to take advantage of organic growth opportunities in faster-growing developing/emerging market regions. Recently, Coke increased its base annual dividend for a 61st consecutive year.
As for Kraft Heinz, it might be one of Buffett's worst investments. Though it enjoyed a brief organic growth surge during the pandemic, with consumers favoring easy-to-make meals and snacks over going out to eat, Kraft Heinz continues to lug around a lot of long-term debt, goodwill, and intangible assets. Without much financial flexibility, it could be difficult to sustain interest in its brands.
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American Express and Bank of America are advertising partners of The Ascent, a Motley Fool company. Sean Williams has positions in Bank of America. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Apple, Bank of America, Berkshire Hathaway, HP, Moody's, Snowflake, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing. The Motley Fool recommends Kraft Heinz and recommends the following options: long January 2024 $47.50 calls on Coca-Cola, long March 2023 $120 calls on Apple, and short March 2023 $130 calls on Apple. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Roma Airport
Roma Airport is an airport located 2 NM northwest of Roma, Queensland, Australia. The airport underwent a major redevelopment completed in April 2012, replacing the original A.T. Berry Terminal with a larger, modern facility. Much of the $14 million project funded by energy and resources companies to support their operations in the area.
The Royal Flying Doctor Service has one of its nine Queensland bases at Roma Airport.
History
The airport opened in 1949, replacing an earlier facility which had been operating since the 1920s located across town, south of the railway line. The town was one of the first served by Qantas, who inaugurated weekly services between Brisbane, Roma and Charleville in April 1929. With the move to the new site, the services increased to every weekday.
As there was no terminal facilities on the site, from the 1960s ground handling, check-in and bookings were conducted out of the back of a Ford Falcon utility by local man Alan Berry. On 27 April 1996 the mayor of Roma opened a new terminal facility, named the AT Berry Terminal in honour of Mr. Berry's dedication to aviation in the town.
The airport and terminal facilities were extensively upgraded in 2012, with the construction of a new terminal (also named the AT Berry Terminal) and enlarged apron. Within months of opening in April, by December the new terminal was already operating close to capacity, handling more than 179,000 passengers in the 2012-13 financial year. In 2013-14 the airport handled more than 254,000 passengers, ranking Roma as the 29th busiest airport in Australia. This growth represented an increase of 42.1% on the previous year and was the strongest growth recorded for any regional airport in Australia. Much of this passenger traffic is generated from closed fly-in fly-out (FIFO) charters for the resources industry involved in coal seam gas energy projects in the Surat Basin.
In October 2014, JETGO Australia announced direct jet services to Sydney to begin in November as one of two destinations to launch the airline's expansion into scheduled public transport flights. After delaying starting the route until December, on 20 November the company announced that due to slow bookings and the slowing of the local resources industry that they were cancelling the planned services.
Accidents and incidents
* On the evening of 28 September 1989, a Beechcraft Baron flying from Longreach to Roma failed to arrive at the airport. No distress call was received. A search and rescue operation located wreckage 19 km west of Roma, with the aircraft having descended into trees for unknown reasons. The five occupants were killed in the accident.
* On 25 March 2013 a similar accident occurred killing former bull riding world champion John Quintana and the CEO of livestock brokerage firm Ray White Rural when the Cessna 210 aircraft they were travelling in crashed shortly after takeoff from Roma prior to first light without broadcasting a distress call. | WIKI |
Canadian Pacific Railway wants U.S. DOJ to look into talks held by U.S. railroads
(Reuters) - Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd urged the U.S. Department of Justice to look into statements by U.S. railroad companies about “working closely with each other to block” the company’s proposed takeover of Norfolk Southern Corp. CP’s proposed $28 billion offer to buy Norfolk Southern, disclosed in mid-November, has been spurned multiple times, setting the stage for a proxy battle. CP said in its letter to the DOJ released on Tuesday that the “collective communication strategy” adopted by rival railroads was “likely illegal because it is anticompetitive.” However, Union Pacific Corp spokesman Aaron Hunt told Reuters on Tuesday the company had “communicated with other railroads for the purpose of petitioning the government.” “We oppose this merger and we are prepared to discuss our views with the government,” he said. Executives from U.S. railroads including UP, CSX Corp and BNSF, owned by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc, told Reuters last week that Class I railroads had held limited discussions concerning the impact of a merger on the industry. The executives stressed that any discussions they have are strictly limited by law to subjects that affect the industry. “We’re limited on what we can discuss, which is why we had inside lawyers, outside lawyers and outside lawyer consultants,” BNSF chairman Matt Rose told Reuters last Thursday. “It’s being done thoughtfully and it’s not secretive, it’s not clandestine. We are there discussing what the potential public policy implications of this would be.” CP reiterated in its letter that there was minimal overlap between its and Norfolk’s networks. The company “ultimately concluded the unprecedented action of major competitors organizing to block a new entrant from enhancing competition to the U.S. merited the attention of the antitrust authorities,” CP said in a statement accompanying the letter. Reporting by Nick Carey and Swetha Gopinath; Editing by Don Sebastian | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template:Did you know nominations/Dirk Martens
The result was: promoted by PFHLai (talk) 10:21, 5 February 2016 (UTC)
Dirk Martens
* ... that Dirk Martens published in 1516 the first edition of Thomas More's Utopia?
* Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Limassol Carnival Festival
5x expanded by Joostvandeputte~enwiki (talk) and Fram (talk). Nominated by Fram (talk) at 15:31, 18 January 2016 (UTC).
* Symbol confirmed.svg Sufficiently expanded and new enough, QPQ review performed, all non-lead paragraphs have inline citations, the Publications section is not sourced with citations, but this also does not count toward the prose of the article as a list, checks for copyvio reveals no problems (e.g. ), hook content is verified with inline citations to a reliable source in the article. The source does not directly state that it was the first edition, but this is reasonably implied and virtually certain, whereby the source states, "When More sent his Utopia to Erasmus at Louvain for publication, it was almost inevitable that Dirk Martens should be the printer" and in reference to Martens, "... he issued, apart from works by many other humanists, More's Utopia in December 1516." I have supplied an alt below, which simply rearranges the hook a bit. North America1000 15:49, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
* ALT1: ... that Dirk Martens published the first edition of Thomas More's Utopia in 1516?
* Thanks for the review and the work on the article. Alt1 has a better flow to it, so I'm happpy to go with that one. There are other sources for the hook claim, but sadly many of them only through snippet view in Google. You can check e.g. the Cambridge History of the Book in Britain] if you need further confirmation (page 192). Fram (talk) 20:38, 19 January 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Cream Ridge, New Jersey
Cream Ridge, New Jersey
Cream Ridge is divided between Monmouth and Ocean Counties. In Upper Freehold Twp, Monmouth County and Plumsted Township, Ocean County. [redacted ip] 02:14, 5 February 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Jardine Naturalist's library Entomology.djvu/58
52 the investigations relating to insects, which compose the greater portion of the work, there is a lengthened account of the snail, (Helix,) explaining its anatomy, mode of propagation, &c., a treatise on the generation of the frog, on the anatomy of the cuttle-fish, &c. The manner in which Swammerdam treats of the arrangement of insects into classes, is, as might he expected, not a little defective. But he was certainly the first that assumed metamorphosis as the basis of a natural system, and in so doing, merits high approbation. He referred all to four classes of metamorphosis, which, translated into the modern language of entomology, may be expressed as follows:
The science of insect anatomy, as well as of some other tribes of animals related to insects, may almost | WIKI |
Madawaska—Restigouche
Madawaska—Restigouche is a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. Its population in 2021 was 60,184.
Political geography
The district includes all of the County of Madawaska (except Saint-André) and all of the County of Restigouche except the extreme eastern part.
The neighbouring ridings are Miramichi, Tobique—Mactaquac, Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques, Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia, and Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine.
In 2008, Liberal support was focused in the eastern and central parts of the riding, particularly in Edmundston, Campbellton, and Dalhousie. Support for the Conservatives was centered in the western part of the riding, in a strip of land bordering both Maine and Quebec. There was also a pocket of Tory support outside Saint-Leonard. The NDP won six polls in the riding, all in the Dalhousie area, a community they won.
The electoral district was created in 1996 from Madawaska—Victoria and from Restigouche—Chaleur ridings. This riding gained a small amount of territory from Miramichi as a result of the 2012 federal electoral redistribution.
Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:
Election results
This riding gained some territory from Miramichi for the 42nd Canadian federal election. | WIKI |
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Cloning + grub2 + mtab issue
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CalcUA
Visitor
Cloning + grub2 + mtab issue
Hi all,
I have the following issue. I have a CentOS 7 node which I can succesfully backup using CMU 7.2. But when I clone the image, it fails to properly restore /etc/mtab which causes several things in the boot process to fail. In the backed up image, the file /etc/mtab is a softlink to /proc/self/mounts, but in the cloning process I see this file gets removed:
[CerbereClient] Set the boot: Configuring Bootloader
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 rm -f /etc/mtab CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 rm -f /etc/mtab &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_wN1S3r<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mv /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.cmu.labels CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mv /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.cmu.labels &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_Wy06hk<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] touching fstab: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 touch /etc/fstab CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 touch /etc/fstab &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_Svu9wc<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] chroot mount: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount -f /dev/sda3 / CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount -f /dev/sda3 / &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_kJwZM4<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mv /etc/fstab.cmu.labels /etc/fstab CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mv /etc/fstab.cmu.labels /etc/fstab &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_os8G3W<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /proc CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /proc &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_GlkblP<-- cmu_system_helper
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /boot CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /boot &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_Y3SzDH<-- cmu_system_helper
[CMUTools ] log:mount: special device /dev/sda1 does not exist
[CerbereClient] Non zero returned status: 8192 (chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /boot ), may not be fatal if you don't have a separate /boot CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CerbereClient] Executing: chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /usr CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CMUTools ] about to run: -->chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /usr &> /opt/cmu/tmp/CMU_TEMPO_FILE_XCoQWz<-- cmu_system_helper
[CMUTools ] log:mount: can't find /usr in /etc/fstab
[CerbereClient] Non zero returned status: 256 (chroot /opt/cmu/mnt/sda3 mount /usr ), not fatal if /usr is not a separate partition CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader
[CerbereClient] (info) -->/opt/cmu/mnt/sda3//boot/grub/menu.lst<-- file does not exist CMUCheckFileExists
[CerbereClient] (info) -->/opt/cmu/mnt/sda3//boot/boot.scr<-- file does not exist CMUCheckFileExists
[CerbereClient] Sends status CERBST_CLONED for node r6c3cn07
[CerbereServer] Sends status CERBST_READY_TO_SERVE for node r6c3cn07
[CerbereDB] Locking database
Node r6c3cn07 changing status: CERBST_UNKNOWN -> CERBST_READY_TO_SERVE
[CerbereDB] Unlocking database
[CerbereDB] Locking database
[CerbereDB] Nb to clone: 0, nb waiting producers: 0
[CerbereDB] No more potential consumer while node r6c3cn07 looking for one
[CerbereDB] Unlocking database
[CerbereServer] No more consumer for console
[CerbereNB] Netboot cleaning (/etc)
[CerbereNB] Netboot opens /etc/exports
[CerbereNB] Removing netboot tags in file /etc/exports
[CerbereDB] Database report:
[CerbereDB] | cloned | error | unknown
[CerbereDB] r6e1 | 0 | 0 | 0
[CerbereDB] Total | 0 | 0 | 0
[CerbereDB] no node in error
Furthermore, cloning works, but I've noticed an issue with it installing the grub2 bootloader. In the log above it mentions "special device /dev/sda1 does not exist" which happens to be the /boot partition. Nevertheless, I managed to get it to work by explicitly adding the following code to reconf.sh:
partition_boot="$(cat ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/etc/fstab |awk '$2 ~ /^\/boot$/ {print $1}'|sed 's;^/dev/;;')"
disk_root="${partition_boot:0:-1}"
if ! mount -l |grep -q ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/dev ; then
mount -o bind /dev ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/dev
fi
if ! mount -l |grep -q ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/sys ; then
mount -t sysfs none ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/sys
fi
if ! mount -l |grep -q ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/proc ; then
mount -t proc none ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/proc
fi
if ! chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} mount -l |grep -q ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/boot ; then
chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} mount /dev/${partition_boot} /boot
fi
chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} grub2-install --recheck --no-floppy /dev/${disk_root}
chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
sync
sleep 3
for mount in /boot ; do
if chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} mount -l |grep -q $mount ; then
chroot ${CMU_RCFG_PATH} umount $mount
fi
done
for mount in ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/proc ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/sys ${CMU_RCFG_PATH}/dev ; do
if mount -l |grep -q $mount ; then
umount $mount
fi
done
I'm wondering:
• Where is the "rm /etc/mtab" done, and can I avoid it from doing that, or can I restore it somehow?
• Do I have to do the grub2-install steps myself in reconf.sh or is that taken care of by the CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader process?
• Where I can find information on what exactly the CMUCrbrInstallBootLoader process does? (Is it a script file some where?)
Many thanks for your reply,
Regards,
Franky
3 REPLIES
TTr
Honored Contributor
Re: Cloning + grub2 + mtab issue
>...it fails to properly restore /etc/mtab which causes several things in the boot process to fail
What are the things that fail? They probably have nothing to do with mtab. The mtab file is excluded from the cloning process on purpose. The mtab file is a dynamic file which gets generated during boot up as the kernel mounts each the disks in /etc/fstab or any other custom start-up scripts that mount disks. Then while the server is running, mtab gets dynamically updated if you manually mount or unmount any disks.
Abhishekc
Advisor
Solution
Re: Cloning + grub2 + mtab issue
Hello,
RHEL 7/CentOS 7 is not supported in CMU v7.2. Regarding the cloning failures you are seeing are about missing grub configuration file. In RHEL 7/CentOS 7 the grub configuration file has been changed from /boot/grub/grub.conf to /boot/grub2/grub.cfg. And, CMU v7.2 doesn't have support for grub2. Hence the failures.
CMU v7.2 is very old version and is no more supported. Please upgrade to latest version of CMU v8.1 which has support for RHEL/CentOS 7.x along with many more new features and to get the official support.
Regards,
Abhishek Chintala
CalcUA
Visitor
Re: Cloning + grub2 + mtab issue
Hi,
I have upgraded/installed CMU v8.1 and I can confirm that the cloning works properly (i.e. the /etc/mtab issue is solved). Thanks for your advice!
Regards,
Franky | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Skiimaskdiva
SkiiMask Diva Born Cecelia Woods in South Central (Los Angeles California) December 7 1991. She is a female rap artist/engineer with her own unique sound. She has produced and edited most of her own songs and some for others. She is a graduate from SAE institute of technology with deans honors. SkiiMask has based her music on love, pain and gain from her past experiences. She's is not your typical SoundCloud rapper she works the board after a recording to finalize her own sound. | WIKI |
What Are Chords In Geometry?
In plane geometry, a chord is the line segment joining two points on a curve. The term is often used to describe a line segment whose ends lie on a circle.
What are chords on a circle?
A chord of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. More generally, a chord is a line segment joining two points on any curve, for instance, an ellipse. A chord that passes through a circle’s center point is the circle’s diameter.
How do you write a chord in geometry?
In geometry, a chord is often used to describe a line segment joining two endpoints that lie on a circle. The circle to the right contains chord AB. If this circle was a pizza pie, you could cut off a piece of pizza along chord AB.
What is chord explain?
1: cord sense 3a. 2: a straight line segment joining and included between two points on a circle broadly: a straight line joining two points on a curve. 3: an individual emotion or disposition struck a responsive chord.
What is a chord in geometry example?
A line segment connecting two points on a curve. Example: the line segment connecting two points on a circle’s circumference is a chord. When the chord passes through the center of a circle it is called the diameter.
You might be interested: Often asked: What Is The Molecular Geometry Of H2S?
What is chord of a circle and example?
By definition, a chord is a straight line joining 2 points on the circumference of a circle. The diameter of a circle is considered to be the longest chord because it joins to points on the circumference of a circle. In the circle below, AB, CD, and EF are the chords of the circle.
What is a common chord math?
Common chord (geometry), the secant line that joins the intersection points of two curves.
Are chords diameters?
Chord: A segment that connects two points on a circle is called a chord. Diameter: A chord that passes through a circle’s center is a diameter of the circle.
How do you write a chord in math?
Draw a circle on a sheet of paper. Now, mark any two points on the edge of the circle. Draw a straight line between these two points on the edge of the circle. This line is called a chord.
How many notes are in a chord?
Furthermore, as three notes are needed to define any common chord, three is often taken as the minimum number of notes that form a definite chord. Hence, Andrew Surmani, for example, states, “When three or more notes are sounded together, the combination is called a chord.” George T.
Is chord and segment same?
A chord of a circle is a line segment that joins any two points on its circumference whereas a segment is a region bounded by a chord and an arc of the circle.
Is radius a chord?
The radius of a circle is any line segment connecting the centre of the circle to any point on the circle. The chord of a circle is a line segment joining any two points on the circle. The chord of a circle which passes through the centre of the circle is called the diameter of the circle.
You might be interested: Question: Electron Geometry When 3 Steric Number?
What is the value of the chord in a circle?
If the radius and the distance of the center of the circle to the chord are given, the chord of the circle can be calculated. We just need to apply the chord length formula: Chord length = 2√(r2-d2), where ‘r’ is the radius of the circle and ‘d’ is the perpendicular distance from the center of the circle to the chord.
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Take
The take utility transfers files from another specified user (i.e., changes the owner) by copying the files from a holding directory to which they were copied by a user running give.
Important: Both giver and taker must have accounts on the system on which the give occurs. The take can occur on any system on which the taker has an account.
The syntax for take is:
take [-f] [-i] [-l] [-n] givername flist
where
givername is the login name of the user who previously ran give to transfer files to you. To actually retrieve any files, you must specify the user who gave them, and you cannot take files from several users at once.
flist is the name or space-delimited list of names (but not a file filter) that specifies the file(s) to take from the giver. Taken files arrive in the directory where you run take.
When you take a file (a copy), the giver always automatically retains the original. Because the transferred copy waits in a special temporary subdirectory, it may be purged if you delay retrieving it longer than the local purge interval. Options let you list (-l) given files awaiting retrieval or control how files are retrieved (-i). If you try to take a file with the same name as one already in your current directory, take warns you that "xxx already exists locally" and does not overwrite the existing file unless you have specified the -f option to force overwriting of files with conflicting names. Taken files arrive with you as the owner and group regardless of how the giver set the group and permissions on the original file.
For additional information and details about options, consult the man page for take.
Examples:
take mjones file1 Take one file given by user mjones.
take mjones Take all files given by user mjones.
take -i mjones List all files given by user mjones with a query as to whether or not they should be taken.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Merkel fires back at Trump ahead of one-on-one meeting
President Donald Trump and German Chancellor Angela Merkel have exchanged sharp words ahead of their tête-à-tête today at the NATO summit in Brussels. The big picture: Merkel is notoriously more tight-lipped than Trump, but his comments in his first NATO meeting that Germany is "totally controlled by Russia" for its energy deal struck a chord with the chancellor. Merkel, who grew up under East Germany's Soviet occupation, hit back at Trump Wednesday, and said that she "experienced the Soviet occupation ... it is good that we are independent today." Why it matters: Trump and Merkel's relationship has been fraught for months, and Trump has repeatedly targeted Germany in his complaints that NATO members don't contribute enough to defense spending. Their private meeting today will be further complicated by these attacks, which seem to be increasingly personal and could negatively impact relations between two of the world's biggest economies. Be smart: How to make sense of NATO members' defense spending. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Ohio State Route 556
State Route 556 (SR 556) is an east–west state highway located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. State Route 556 runs from its western terminus at State Route 145 in Beallsville to its eastern terminus at a T-intersection with State Route 7 in Clarington, just a short distance from the western banks of the Ohio River.
Route description
State Route 556 runs entirely within the northern part of Monroe County. This highway is not incorporated as a part of the National Highway System, a system of routes identified as being most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the country.
History
The State Route 556 designation was assigned in 1937. It has utilized the same alignment between Beallsville and Clarington through northern Monroe County since its designation. No major changes have taken place to State Route 556's routing since it was created. The only thing that has changed with respect to this route in its history is the route at its western terminus. What is now a part of State Route 145 was designated as State Route 9 when State Route 556 was established. | WIKI |
Jannis Pieter Mazure
Jannis Pieter Mazure (24 December 1899, Rotterdam – 3 November 1990, The Hague) was a Dutch politician.
He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and was considered to be very outspoken about his beliefs. He was president of the Senate from 1966 to 1969. He was preceded by Jan Anne Jonkman and was succeeded by his party colleague Maarten de Niet Gerritzoon.
Decorations
* 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
* 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau | WIKI |
March 1, 2024
Fix Iphone Black screen
So, your iPhone has a Black screen. You have an issue with your iPhone display and are wishing to repair it. Assessing your iPhone to locate and resolve the cause of the issue often is rather simple and easy to repair. The very best means of looking at this would be to undergo distinct options in step-by-step fashion ensuring that nothing is left outside.
As a consequence of this strategy you will believe that you would like to bypass some measure or you’ve attempted some strategies before. I would recommend you to experience every step to be certain that you’ve tried all. Apologies if you have tried some strategies before! The best method to fix your black iphone screen is to do a procedure step-by-step. Apologize, if you’ve already tried any of them, but it’s better to be thorough.
1. Step One:
To fix an iPhone black screen, you need to plug it into your personal computer or a power source. Mostly, a low battery is a reason behind this. So ensure that your phone has a good connectivity with your personal computer and leaving it to 5 minutes may solve the issue.
1. Sep Two
If your iPhone is not functioning after 5 minutes or so and you have made sure it has a good connection with your PC but your PC is recognizing the device, you can put the iPhone into hard reset mode. Before you do this be sure that you have backed up the data in your iPhone in your PC.
To put the iPhone into hard rest mode, press and hold the home button and the power button at the same moment. Hold them both for 10 seconds, you will hear a beep in the one and also view an apple in the display. If you find an apple onto the display it’s possible to take it this tough break (or even Device Firmware Update (DFU) style has functioned. Then just reinstall programs and data on the iPhone.
1. Step Three
If the preceding steps have not worked and you still have a black or blank screen then you possibly have two issues. The initial one, in case your computer isn’t recognizing the iPhone is really an issue with the capability to the phone. This might be the power cable or the power cable socket from the telephone. Consider swapping power cables with a relative or friend and see whether this works. If not then you’ve got an issue with the electricity socket at the phone. Now it might be well worth taking to a store to get repaired, this should not be overly expensive be certain that you take it into several areas and receive several estimates before you choose to go to get a fix.
1. Step Four
If your phone has been recognized by your PC however, DFU mode has not solved your issue then the problem resides with the display itself along with the electricity source into the display within the phone. Both of these might be ruined if there’s an injury into the iPhone. If your display is blank rather than black I’d imply that the dilemma is a lot more inclined to maintain the inner workings of the display. The display can be substituted in your home, but will not need some gear and technical skill. (Notice: this could void any warranty you’ve got and as this isn’t endorsed by the writer.) Again, should you choose it into a repair store be sure to get several quotes and opinions prior to deciding on you to perform the replacement?
The electricity supply into the display within the iPhone is much more difficult to substitute and really should not be tried in the home; follow the identical information for a display replacement in a repair store (many unique quotations etc)
I hope that you find this post helpful and in this way you your fix your black iphone screen issue.
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Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Can you get nicotine patches over the counter?
Gum, lozenges, and patches are available over-the-counter. Nasal sprays and inhalers require a prescription.
Do you need a prescription for Nicorette patches?
Nicotine patches (transdermal nicotine systems) Patches can be bought with or without a prescription. Patches give a measured dose of nicotine through the skin.
How many cigarettes does a 21 mg patch equal?
Determining the patch dose
For most people who smoke one pack per day or less, the following is a reasonable starting point: more than 15 cigarettes per day: 21 mg patch (Step 1) seven to 15 cigarettes per day: 14 mg patch (Step 2)
Can you get nicotine patches free?
You can get free nicotine patches before your quit date as long as you have a quit date within 30 days before enrolling to receive the services. In addition to ordering nicotine patches, gum and lozenges for FREE from 802Quits, your healthcare provider can prescribe other types of quit medications.
INFORMATIVE: Do employers have to accommodate alcoholism?
Where can I buy nicotine patches?
NicoDerm CQ nicotine patches are available over the counter at retailers across the US, including drugstores, grocery stores and pharmacies. The cost of NicoDerm CQ nicotine patches vary by retailer and by state, so check your nearest store for pricing.
How much are nicotine patches at CVS?
CVS Health Nicotine Transdermal System Patches, Step 3, 7 mg, 14CT. $3.04 / ea.
How do I get NicoDerm patches for free?
Get free patches when you enroll in one of our quit smoking & quit vaping services! All enrolled participants, ages 18+, will receive a free supply of Nicoderm CQ. patches.
Can I wear 2 nicotine patches at once?
Patches emit a lot less nicotine than cigarettes and it is perfectly safe to use more than one patch at a time to properly control your cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
What happens if you smoke while wearing a nicotine patch?
Smoking while wearing the nicotine patch can not only increase your addiction and tolerance to nicotine, but it also puts you at risk for nicotine toxicity. Having too much nicotine in the body can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems that could be fatal.
What happens if you sleep with a nicotine patch on?
Sleep disturbances Some people using the patch report disruptions to their sleep, such as vivid dreams, insomnia, and other disturbances. If your sleep is still affected after three or four days of using a nicotine patch, try taking the patch off after 16 hours to give your skin a rest.
What’s better nicotine patches or gum?
There was moderate quality evidence that higher dose nicotine patches were more effective than moderate dose patches, but no evidence that double dose patches were more effective. Likewise, there was moderate quality evidence that higher dose gum was more effective, but perhaps only for more dependent smokers.
INFORMATIVE: Why do I feel weird after quitting smoking?
How do you get nicotine patches to stick?
Make sure it sticks well to your skin, especially around the edges. Do not use moisturizing soap or lotion prior to applying the patch. If you are using a moisturizing soap, try changing soaps or apply medical adhesive tape over the patch to help keep it in place.
Can you chew nicotine gum while on the patch?
It is best to avoid smoking while using the patch. Do not chew nicotine gum the way you would chew regular gum!
Can you buy nicotine patches on Amazon?
Amazon.com: Nicotine Transdermal System Patch, Stop Smoking Aid, 21 mg, Step 1, 14 patches: Health & Personal Care.
Can you buy nicotine patches at Walmart?
Equate Nicotine Transdermal System Clear Patches, 21 mg, Step 1, 7 count – Walmart.com – Walmart.com.
What is the most effective nicotine patch?
Here are the best nicotine patches on the market.
• NicoDerm CQ Step 1 Nicotine Patches. …
• NiQuitin Clear Step 1 Nicotine Patches. …
• Rite Aid Step 1 Nicotine Transdermal Patches. …
• NicoDerm CQ Step 2 Nicotine Patches. …
• Rite Aid Step 2 Nicotine Transdermal Patches. …
• Habitrol Step 3 Nicotine Transdermal System Patches.
All about addiction | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations/Archive 3
This statement is somewhat deceiving:
Such statement as this one is somewhat deceiving: "Due to the rules of the United Nations charter, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, cannot become members of the United Nations." The above statement will indicate that other NGOs direct association with the UN is possible, it makes this statement erroneous. If we look at this faxed photo copy: http://www.unwatchtower.com/resources/unngo.jpg This is only one example of active NGOs support for the UN. On 28 January 37 non-govermental organizations (NGOs) seeking association with the Department of Public Information. 13 Out of the 37 applicants failed approval. Association of 14 active members was also terminated because they were inactive(Basically not actively participating). The NGOs officially recognized by DPI cooperate with the UNITED NATIONS TO HELP BUILD PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMMES AND GOALS. REVO2 13:52, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
By all means correct it. I have wanted to do something here too, but time is always an issue. See also http://www.jehovahsjudgment.co.uk/watchtower-un-ngo Johanneum 13:11, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
* I have seen that sight before, it has issues. The owner of that sight has no idea how ECOSOC works in relations to NGOs.REVO2 02:22, 22 March 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Tom Mullally
Tom Mullally is a hurling coach who has been manager of Carlow since January 2021.
He is from the village of Glenmore in County Kilkenny and is a brother of Richie and Paddy Mullally. He coached Kilkenny GAA club Clara to the 2013 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship, the club's first for nearly three decades.
He brought Mount Leinster Rangers to the 2013 Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship and the final of the 2013–14 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, in the last of which Portumna defeated his team.
He led the Wexford under-21 hurling team to the 2018 Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship final.
He linked up with the Carlow hurling minor team as a coach/selector in 2020 and also managed Naas. He was also involved with the Wicklow seniors. | WIKI |
xmonad-contrib-0.17.0.9: Community-maintained extensions for xmonad
Copyright(c) 2017 Ivan Malison
LicenseBSD3-style (see LICENSE)
MaintainerIvanMalison@gmail.com
Stabilityunstable
Portabilityunportable
Safe HaskellNone
LanguageHaskell2010
XMonad.Actions.CycleWorkspaceByScreen
Contents
Description
Cycle through previously viewed workspaces in the order they were viewed most recently on the screen where cycling is taking place.
Synopsis
Usage
To use this module, first import it as well as XMonad.Hooks.WorkspaceHistory:
import XMonad.Hooks.WorkspaceHistory (workspaceHistoryHook)
import XMonad.Actions.CycleWorkspaceByScreen
Then add workspaceHistoryHook to your logHook like this:
main :: IO ()
main = xmonad $ def
{ ...
, logHook = workspaceHistoryHook >> ...
}
Finally, define a new keybinding for cycling (seen) workspaces per screen:
, ((mod4Mask, xK_slash), cycleWorkspaceOnCurrentScreen [xK_Super_L] xK_slash xK_p)
cycleWorkspaceOnScreen Source #
Arguments
:: ScreenId
The screen to cycle on.
-> [KeySym]
A list of modifier keys used when invoking this action; as soon as one of them is released, the final switch is made.
-> KeySym
Key used to switch to next workspace.
-> KeySym
Key used to switch to previous workspace.
-> X ()
Like cycleRecentWS, but only cycle through the most recent workspaces on the given screen.
cycleWorkspaceOnCurrentScreen :: [KeySym] -> KeySym -> KeySym -> X () Source #
Like cycleWorkspaceOnScreen, but supply the currently focused screen as the screenId.
repeatableAction :: [KeySym] -> (EventType -> KeySym -> X ()) -> X () Source # | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
%0 Journal Article %9 Article %W National Agricultural Library %~ PubAg %B Journal of materials chemistry %T Environmentally friendly synthesis of flexible MOFs M(NA)₂ (M = Zn, Co, Cu, Cd) with large and regenerable ammonia capacity %A Chen, Yang %A Shan, Bohan %A Yang, Chengyin %A Yang, Jiangfeng %A Li, Jinping %A Mu, Bin %V 2018 v.6 no.21 %K adsorption %K ammonia %K cadmium %K cobalt %K copper %K liquids %K zinc %M 6187446 %X Two environmentally friendly and efficient synthesis methods, NH₃-assisted synthesis and solvent-evaporated conversion, have been developed for the synthesis of a series of M(NA)₂ (M = Zn, Co, Cu, Cd; NA = nicotinate) flexible MOFs. The two-dimensional M(NA)₂ (M = Zn, Co) and three-dimensional M(NA)₂ (M = Cu, Cd) materials exhibit peculiar structural transformation. These frameworks can be obtained from dehydration of M(NA)₂(H₂O)₄ (M = Zn, Co, Cu, Cd) which are zero-dimensional supramolecular structures. Interestingly, the structural transformation of M(NA)₂ (M = Zn, Co, Cd) is reversible after liquid water adsorption. Due to the flexible structure of these MOFs, they exhibit abnormal NH₃ adsorption properties. The two-dimensional Zn(NA)₂ shows a gate-opening behavior for NH₃ adsorption. Its layers opened at a pressure of 0.22 bar in the first cycle, resulting in a two-step NH₃ uptake with a capacity of 10.2 mmol g⁻¹ at 1 bar. The gate-opening pressure shifted to a lower value with cycles. Co(NA)₂ has a huge NH₃ uptake of 17.5 mmol g⁻¹, which is top-ranking among the reported values. For the NH₃ adsorption over Cu(NA)₂ and Cd(NA)₂, the adsorption rates increase and adsorption equilibrium is achieved faster after three cycles. Their maximum capacity at 1 bar is 13.4 and 6 mmol g⁻¹, respectively. More importantly, all MOFs can be regenerated under vacuum and heating conditions of 150 °C for 70 min, and they all retained the capacity. The advantages of environmentally friendly synthesis, large adsorption capacity, and regenerable properties indicate that M(NA)₂ (M = Zn, Co, Cu) are promising candidates for NH₃ adsorption. %D 2018 %= 2019-09-20 %G %8 2018-05-29 %V v. 6 %N no. 21 %P pp. 9922-9929 %R 10.1039/c8ta02845a | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Netflix tracks shows by measuring ‘starters,’ ‘watchers,’ and ‘completers’
Netflix is trying to be more transparent with its creatives about how it counts a view on an original series or movie, and a letter sent to the British government includes three new descriptors: starters, watchers, and completers. The three new categories are part of the most in-depth look yet at a reported method that helps Netflix decide whether a show should be canceled. According to a letter sent to a UK Parliament committee, Netflix tracks ratings with those three metrics with directors and producers, and based on previous reports, may use that breakdown to determine if a show is worth renewing. The letter adds that Netflix believes “these two metrics will give our creative partners a broader understanding of how members engage with their title from start to finish.” The letter is part of an ongoing examination of video-on-demand (VOD) and subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) services on public television in the UK. Starters are “households that watch two minutes of a film or one episode” in a series. Completers are “households that watch 90 percent of a film or season of a series.” These are the two main data points that Netflix gives to its producers and directors, according to the letter. This data accounts for the first seven days of a release, followed by the first 28. The third data set is watchers, a more general metric that Netflix often includes in its quarterly earnings letters to shareholders and shares with the public. Households that watch 70 percent of a movie or one episode in a series are considered “watchers.” “Depending on how useful our partners find this data, we will consider sharing it in more countries outside Europe and North America,” the letter reads. The third data point is one most people will be familiar with as Netflix often uses it to tout record-breaking series. Most recently, Netflix announced that Stranger Things’ third season became “the most watched season to date,” with “64 million member households” watching it within the first month of its release. This data is based on people who are classified as watchers. A footnote in Netflix’s fourth quarter earnings letter to shareholders in 2018 explained that, “due to their highly variable length, we count a viewer if they substantially complete at least one episode (70 percent).” These viewership numbers are extremely important to creators, akin to traditional Nielsen ratings in broadcast and network television. Netflix doesn’t work directly with Nielsen to track traditional ratings, and reportedly uses an efficiency metric to determine if a show is worth renewing. Essentially, it’s a ratio that determines the cost of a show to the viewership, and whether the series is instrumental in retaining subscribers at risk of canceling their memberships or bringing in new subscribers. A show like Stranger Things does both, while shows with smaller, dedicated fan bases like The OA often get canceled. Some writers and producers have expressed frustration with the lack of transparency over numbers. Tuca and Bertie creator Lisa Hanawalt criticized Netflix’s algorithm when her show got canceled, prompting other showrunners to speak out about their own concerns over how Netflix executives value a show and its audience. Netflix executives like CEO Reed Hastings and chief content officer Ted Sarandos have addressed criticism that they’re not transparent enough, and promised earlier this year to do better. “I would look at it like these are less financial metrics as they are cultural metrics,” Sarandos said during a previous earnings call in January. “I think it’s important for artists to understand, to have the audience also understand the size of the reach of their work. So that’s why you’ll see us ramping up a little bit more and more and giving out — sharing a little more of that information.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Hosmer Lake
Hosmer Lake is a natural body of water in the central Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Nearly 5000 ft above sea level, the lake is part of a volcanic landscape about 20 mi west-southwest of Bend along the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway. In 1962, the United States Board on Geographic Names changed the name from Mud Lake to Hosmer Lake in honor of Paul Hosmer, a naturalist from Bend.
Hosmer Lake is about 5 mi west of Mount Bachelor in Deschutes National Forest. Nearby lakes include Elk, Sparks, Blow, Doris, Lava, and Little Lava.
Encroaching vegetation is gradually turning Hosmer Lake into a marsh. The lake bottom consists of mud and peat, and mosses and aquatic plants restrict the open water. Water lilies and bullrushes are prevalent.
Recreation
Formerly populated by trash fish, including carp, the lake was treated with rotenone in 1957 and restocked with Atlantic salmon. The landlocked salmon experiment proved successful, and in the 21st century the lake has been called "one of the richest lakes in the Deschutes National Forest". The lake supports populations of "very large" brook trout as well as "deep-bodied" salmon. Only fly-fishing with barbless flies is permitted on Hosmer Lake, and salmon must be released if caught. Boats with electric motors may slowly ply the lake, which is also open to canoes and other non-motorized craft.
Mallard Marsh Campground and South Campground, managed by the United States Forest Service, are near the southwest end of the lake. Between them, they have about three dozen campsites, a paved boat ramp, and access to hiking and horse-riding trails. Snow may block access to the lake through the winter months and sometimes as late as June. | WIKI |
man with hand over itchy ear.
It can be very irritating and uncomfortable when your ears are itching. Before you put your finger or an object into your ear in an attempt to scratch the itch, you should be aware of the root cause. Identifying the safest and most effective way to handle the itch depends on determining the underlying cause.
What causes itchy ears?
Itchy ears can be caused by numerous possible causes. Itchy ears can be safely relieved in a few potential ways depending on the cause.
The function of earwax
Your ear canals are lubricated and safeguarded by cerumen, or earwax. It plays an essential role in preserving ear health. While too much earwax may need to be professionally removed, not enough earwax can cause dry itchy skin in your ear canal.
If your ears are dry and itchy, they can be addressed with an approved ear moisturizer.
The impact of swimming on ear health
If someone who swims a lot fails to take the appropriate precautions, they will often encounter itchy ears. Water, and that includes chlorinated pools, can hold germs and pollutants that might result in ear infections. If water remains trapped in your ears post-swimming, it can result in conditions like swimmer’s ear or eczema.
Preventative steps, like wearing a swim cap or utilizing earplugs, can help keep your ear canals dry and decrease the risk of infections.
Can allergies trigger itchy ears?
Allergies, whether seasonal or due to specific foods or drinks, can contribute to an itchy sensation in the ears. When your body responds to allergies, it produces histamines that can cause itching.
To address this, taking an antihistamine can help decrease the allergic reaction and subsequent itchiness.
In-ear fungal infections
Yet another trigger of itchy ears is fungal infections. These infections can thrive in warm, humid spaces and can also be a risk for frequent swimmers. Keeping your ears dry is crucial in stopping fungal infections.
If you think you might have a fungal infection, it is essential to consult a specialist who can prescribe suitable anti-fungal medication.
How can itchy ears be prevented?
Knowing how to prevent itchy ears can save you from future irritation. Here are some proactive steps you can take to preserve ear health:
• Keep Water Out: Use clean cotton balls to block water from entering your ears while showering or bathing.
• Avoid Hard Objects: Refrain from inserting hard objects into your ears, as they can irritate the sensitive skin.
• Manage Allergies: Some allergens can cause your ears to itch, so limit your exposure whenever you can. Understanding your allergens and taking measures to avoid them can prevent the discomfort associated with itchy ear canals.
If you experience persistent or severe itching, it is always recommended to consult us, to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment.
Call Today to Set Up an Appointment
The site information is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. To receive personalized advice or treatment, schedule an appointment.
Why wait? You don't have to live with hearing loss. Call Us Today | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Fiat May Consolidate Chrysler Group in Second Quarter of 2011, UBS Says
Chrysler Group LLC, the U.S.
automaker operated by Fiat SpA, may refinance U.S. government
loans by March, allowing the Italian automaker to buy a larger
stake in the second quarter, according to analysts at UBS AG. “Taking control of Chrysler came across as a clear
priority during Fiat’s de-merger roadshow meetings,” said
Philippe Houchois , the London-based lead analyst on a UBS report
to clients today. Fiat has been briefing analysts as part of its
effort to spin off its truck and tractor divisions to focus on
carmaking. Chrysler may borrow money to repay the U.S. Treasury in the
first quarter, consolidate with Fiat during the second quarter
and hold an initial public offering in the third quarter,
Houchois said, calling it “an aggressive but in our view
realistic timeframe.” Sergio Marchionne , the chief executive officer of both
Chrysler and Turin, Italy-based Fiat, said last week that he is
considering repaying U.S. and Canadian government loans before
2013, which could allow Fiat to exercise an option to increase
its ownership by 16 percent. Fiat obtained a 20 percent stake as part of Chrysler’s
bankruptcy reorganization last year. It can get 15 percent more
when Chrysler makes a small engine in the U.S., meets sales
objectives outside of North America and sells a domestically
made car in the U.S. that gets 40 mpg. Year-End Goal Fiat will get that stake by the end of next year,
Marchionne has said. He has also said he plans to take Chrysler
public during the second half of next year. Chrysler hasn’t said
it will sell a U.S.-made 40 mpg vehicle before the second half. Consolidation would ideally mean holding a 51 percent
stake, Houchois said in an e-mail. “Getting the last 5 percent installment to 35 percent may
take until end 2011 so Fiat may only be able to achieve
46 percent” by the end of the second quarter, he said.
“Consolidation can be achieved through other means, like
effective control of the board.” Consolidating Auburn Hills, Michigan-based Chrysler before
its IPO could save Fiat 1 billion euros ($1.34 billion) to
2.7 billion euros, Houchois said. Gualberto Ranieri , a Chrysler spokesman, declined to
comment on the UBS report. Repaying the loans early could allow Fiat to exercise the
option in advance of 2013, analysts at Barclays Capital wrote a
Dec. 2 report. Barclays estimated the savings at about $2
billion for Fiat to exercise its 16 percent option in advance of
a Chrysler IPO. Fiat shares today rose 7 cents to 14.57 euros in Milan
trading. The face value of Chrysler’s debts to the U.S. and Canadian
governments is about $7.46 billion. Some of Chrysler’s
government loans mature by the end of next year while the
majority mature in 2017, according to the U.S. company’s third-
quarter financial statement. To contact the reporter on this story:
Tim Higgins in Southfield, Michigan, at
thiggins21@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Jamie Butters at jbutters@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ESPE Abstracts (2015) 84 WG5.1
Impact of Malignancies and Their Treatment on Reproductive Function in Girls
Charles A Sklar
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
Background: A 5-year survival rates for children/adolescents diagnosed with cancer are currently ~80%, with survival rates ~90% for those with acute leukaemia, the most common type of cancer in this population. It is estimated that there will be some 500 000 survivors of childhood cancer in the USA by the year 2020. These impressive survival rates are due, in large part, to the use of multi-modality therapy (i.e., surgery, multiagent chemotherapy, and surgery) in a large proportion of children with cancer. Moreover, a smaller percent require very intensive therapy such as stem cell transplantation (SCT). Ovarian dysfunction, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and impaired fertility, is a known complication of certain cancer therapies, less commonly due to the cancer itself.
Objective and hypotheses: Review prevalence and risk factors for POI and impaired fertility in survivors of childhood cancer.
Results: Primary ovarian damage has most often been associated with exposure to alkylating agents (dose–response) and radiation (RT) that includes the ovary (dose–response). Early onset POI occurs commonly in girls exposed to ovarian RT at doses >10 Gy and following high-dose alkylating agents as is given for SCT. Late onset POI may be seen following modest doses of alkylating agents and low doses, <10 Gy, of ovarian RT. Recent data indicate that overall, female survivors have a modestly decreased risk a pregnancy (RR 0.8) 0.80 compared to population norms. Greatest risk of infertility observed after pelvic RT >5 Gy and/or exposure to high-dose alkylating agents. Pelvic RT also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including SGA and preterm births as well as neonatal deaths. Because women are born with a finite number of primordial oocytes that decline over time, older age at treatment is associated with a greater risk for POI and impaired fertility
Conclusion: Survivors of childhood cancer exposed to pelvic RT and high-dose alkylating agents are at high risk of developing POI and impaired fertility, especially if treated at an older age. Such individuals may benefit from fertility preservation techniques such as ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte retrieval, ideally prior to start of cancer therapy.
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Katie & Peter
The Katie & Peter franchise is a series of ITV and ITV2 shows that documented glamour model Katie Price and her former husband Peter Andre. The franchise included several fly on the wall reality series and a short lived late-night chat show. The pair's separation has resulted in individual shows related to the franchise being recorded, including Katie and Peter Andre: My Life.
When Jordan Met Peter
The Katie & Peter franchise was launched after the success of a six-part documentary series broadcast on ITV in November and December 2004. Entitled "When Jordan Met Peter", the series, narrated by Terry Wogan, charted the first six weeks of the pair's relationship following their meeting on I'm a Celebrity....Get Me Out of Here. The first episode aired on 12 November 2004, and the final episode aired on 17 December. The series earned more than 1 million viewers, and as such, following its success, a further series was commissioned for broadcast in 2005.
Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare
Following the success of When Jordan Met Peter, a new ten-part series, entitled Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare, was commissioned by ITV2. Narrated by Samantha Womack, the series charted the pair's first Christmas together, and revealed what they believe the future holds for them. The first episode aired on 21 January 2005, and the last episode aired on 2 April. The series was not as successful as When Jordan Met Peter, but still managed to average more than 750,000 viewers per episode. A best bits episode was aired on 23 May 2005.
Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem
A further six-part series, entitled Jordan & Peter - Marriage and Mayhem, was commissioned by ITV2, following the news of Katie Price's pregnancy. The series followed the birth of Junior, the pair's wedding, and how Pete had to cope with Katie's post-natal depression. Narrated by Lola Buckley, the first episode aired on 23 September 2005, and the last episode aired on 28 October. The series once again averaged more than 750,000 viewers per episode.
Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter
The duo's next reality series did not hit screens until 2007, following the pair's recording of a duet album. The series was commissioned by ITV2 in late 2006. The series follows life two years on from Junior's birth, and the impending arrival of the pair's second child, Princess Tiami. The first episode aired on 19 April 2007, and the last episode aired on 7 June, with a total of eight episodes. The series became their most successful series to date, averaging 1,250,000 viewers per episode. A second, ten-part series began airing on 24 April 2008, and concluded on 3 July 2008. A third and final seven-part series began airing on 11 September 2008, and concluded on 23 October.
Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries
The Baby Diaries was a short four-episode follow up to The Next Chapter, charting the first six weeks following Princess Tiami's birth. The first episode was aired on 5 July 2007, and the final episode on 26 July.
Katie & Peter: Unleashed
Katie & Peter: Unleashed was a late night chat-show hosted by the couple. The eight-episode series proved unpopular with viewers. The first episode aired on 19 October 2007, and the final episode aired on 11 December.
Katie & Peter: Down Under
Similarly to The Baby Diaries, Down Under was a short four-episode follow up to The Next Chapter, charting the pair's holiday to Australia in January 2008. The first episode was aired on 27 March 2008, and the final episode on 17 April.
Katie & Peter: African Adventures
Similarly to Down Under and The Baby Diaries, African Adventures was a two-part documentary following the family on a safari adventure holiday in Africa. Episode one aired on 30 October 2008, and episode two aired on 6 November.
Katie & Peter: Stateside
Katie & Peter: Stateside became the final series in the franchise, following the family as they relocated to Malibu for three months, whilst Peter recorded his comeback album Revelation, and their son Harvey attended a special school which helped with his condition. The eight-part series aired from 16 April to 9 June 2009. | WIKI |
Home Remedies for Headache
Do you suffer from headaches quite often? Is work pressure giving you headaches lately? Do you know that there are amazing home remedies for headache? Headaches are something that is very common in individuals, which can result from multiple factors. You can get headaches due to excessive workload, or sometimes a simple cold can give you headaches.
However, you can easily try out some of the home remedies for headache rather than going for strong medications. When you visit a doctor for a mild headache, he will often suggest a paracetamol or some analgesics. If you are allergic to analgesics or paracetamols, what other options do you have? Would should you go for steroidal drugs just for the sake of treating a simple headache?
For a mild or even serious headache, you can cure it at home itself. There are excellent home remedies for headache that can give you relief and comfort just like any medicine. The best part of trying home remedies for headache is that you can wipe out minimal side effects of medications.
Since experiencing headaches is an extremely common health condition, you have to fight it almost every day. What would you prefer the most in such scenarios- medicines or home remedies for headache? It is quite natural that you will first go for remedies for headache over any strong medications.
If you wish to try home remedies for headache, read this article and know every bit of treating headaches naturally.
What are the different categories of headaches?
How many kinds of headaches have you come across till date? Did you know that there are more than 150 distinct categories of headaches?
In this article, you will come to know about some of the most common forms of headaches. You might have already experienced these headaches or may experience at least once in your life. Remember that you can try out different home remedies for headache, be it of any type.
1. Tension related to headaches
Getting headaches because of tension or acute anxiety is one of the most prominent forms of headaches. Mostly teenagers and adults experience tension headaches due to either immense work or peer pressure. Such headaches can cause moderate pain, which tends to fluctuate with time. Tension headaches do not have any severe symptoms, as they will go away once you stop taking stress.
2. Cluster headaches
One of the most severe forms of headaches is cluster headache. You experience symptoms like intense pain resembling burning or piercing back and surrounding your orbital sockets. The pain can be constant or imitating throbbing around one of your eyes. Cluster headaches give you such unbearable pain that you feel difficulty in even sitting calmly in one position. Usually, such intense pain speeds up when you are having an anxiety attack.
What exactly happens during extreme cluster headache? You experience symptoms like wilting of the eyelid, constriction of your pupils, redness of eyes, and excessive tears production. Why do you call it cluster headaches? Such a type of headaches occurs in clusters or groups.
A cluster period is a time of experiencing cluster headaches, which usually lasts between two weeks and three months. You may come across cluster headaches at least once or thrice per day, each lasting for around fifteen minutes. Sometimes one cluster headache may prolong for more than 3 hours within a specific cluster period. Home remedies for headaches like cluster headache can be very helpful to give you relief from intense pain.
3. Posttraumatic headaches
If you have come across a head injury, it is possible for you to experience posttraumatic headaches. Usually, the onset of posttraumatic headaches is two or three days after the head trauma. Possible symptoms include-
• Difficulty in concentrating
• Vertigo
• Monotonous pain that keeps worsening with time
• The problem in remembering things
• Irritability
• Lightheadedness
• Getting tired quickly
Read More : Apple Cider Vinegar for Weight Loss in 1 Week
What are chronic headaches?
When you experience headaches on a daily basis for a persistent period, it falls under the class of chronic headaches. Usually, you will experience chronic headaches for more than 15 days, which can extend to as long as three months. Depending on your tolerance level, chronic headaches may disappear within a shorter time span. A basic chronic headache usually persists beyond four hours. Chronic headaches can be a result of some primary kinds of headaches such as-
• New daily persistent headache or NDPH
• Chronic migraine
• Hemicrania continua
• Tension headache in the chronic stage
What are NDPH and hemicrania continua?
NDPH or New daily persistent headache
A very sudden type of headache that can come over one day, and then continue for more than three months. You are most likely to recall the day of the onset of new daily persistent headache quite clearly. Doctors are not very sure as to why NDPH occurs so suddenly and persists for a prolonged period. If you have a new daily persistent headache, it can be due to the following reasons-
• A series of events resulting in extreme stress or tension
• Illnesses imitating the signs of flu
• Recent surgery of any kind
• Any kind of pathogenic infection
You usually experience mild pain in the case of NDPH, but sometimes the pain can be unbearable. The treatment for NDPH with medicines is a bit complicated. Thus, it is better if you can stick to home remedies for headaches for temporary relief. The range of possible signs of NDPH differs extensively from individual to individual. You may often share migraine-like symptoms such as sensitivity towards light or nauseous feelings if you have NDPH.
Hemicrania continua
It is a rare form of headache, which persists in the chronic stage giving you continuous headaches. The unique feature of this headache is that it causes pain only on one side of your head and face. There are two kinds of hemicrania continua-
1. Chronic type: continuous daily headaches
2. Remitting type: recurrence of headaches after experiencing hemicrania continua for six months. Usually, the period of recurrence happens within a week or month after the condition has dissolved.
Other possible signs of hemicrania continua include-
• Consistent pain that keeps fluctuating between mild and severe
• Feeling of stuffiness in your nose sometimes may be runny
• Contraction of the iris
• Drooping eyelids
• Redness of eyes often accompanied with heavy tears
Hemicrania continua worsen with daily physical activities and habits like consumption of alcohol. If you have hemicrania continua, you will mostly respond to medicines like indomethacin.
How are migraine and sinus headaches different?
Migraine headaches
When you come across migraine headaches, you often feel excessive pain indicating a severe condition. The type of pain for migraine headaches related to a sense of throbbing or pounding effect on your head. Migraine headaches usually last for four hours, but can easily extend to three days depending on your pain severity. Sometimes you may experience migraine headaches for more than four times in one month. There are some common symptoms of having migraine headaches such as:
• Increased sensitivity towards light, smell or noise
• Feeling nauseous very often
• Losing the urge to eat properly, reflecting negatively on your appetite
• Experiencing extreme pain in your stomach or abdomen
The symptoms of migraine in children differ a little from adults. Children may experience signs of dizziness, having blurry visions, pale skin, stomach upset, and fever. Sometimes certain symptoms like constant vomiting and digestive problems in your child can continue over a month.
Sinus headaches
You may often get confused between migraine and sinus-related headaches. However, both are very different from one another. Sinus headaches make you experience intense pain in your sinuses or void areas of your facial region. The pain mostly encompasses areas of your forehead, nasal bridge, and cheekbones.
In case of sinus headaches, the sinuses or cavities of your face swell up that maybe cause of a sinus infection. If you have a sinus infection, prominent signs will include greenish or yellowish gunk coming out of your nasal passage. It is not like a clear muck as in the case of a migraine or cluster headache. Sinus infection is the major reason behind the true form of sinus headache.
Read More : Top six foods to gain muscle mass
Possible symptoms of sinus headaches are-
• Inflammation of nose, cheekbones and forehead areas
• Blockage of nose due to continuous heavy discharge of dirty mucus
• Having a sense of fullness in your ears
• Prevalent fever
Basic home remedies for a headache
Here is the list of best remedies that you can try at home and reduce headache:
1. Drinking sufficient amount of water
Keeping yourself hydrated always can bring about significant positive changes in your body. Not just headaches, optimum hydration of body can cure many other health conditions and help you maintain a healthy life. When you suffer from insufficient hydration, it can result in headaches.
Several studies have proved that chronic dehydration is the main devil behind the development of migraines and other headaches. If you drink sufficient water throughout the day, it can notably reduce headaches within half an hour. To shun dehydration, drink enough water and eat fruits and vegetables that have high water content.
2. Improve your sleeping cycles
Sleeping properly at regular intervals can drastically reduce headaches. You usually get headaches when you are in acute stress, or when your brain is overactive. If you are have history of insomnia, the chances of experiencing headaches increases even more. When you sleep deprived, it can result in multiple detrimental health conditions.
Sleeping for not more than 6 hours in a day can cause serious headaches and several other complications. If you are looking for home remedies for headache, sleep at least sleeping for 6 hours per day. Remember not to extend your sleeping period beyond 9 hours.
3. Use a cold compress
When you are having headaches, a simple cold compress can be extremely beneficial. Applying ice pack or cold compress around the neck region and behind your head can lessen headaches. Cold compress alleviates signs of inflammation in the neck region, narrows your blood vessels, and decelerates nerve transmission.
To prepare a cold compress at home, you use an ice-cold towel or use a waterproof bag containing ice cubes.
4. Restrict consuming alcohol
You may have this idea that alcohol can evade your daily tensions and anxiety attacks, but you are wrong. Alcohol can give rise to cluster headaches, and even trigger migraines. Being a vasodilator, alcohol widens your blood vessels instead of constricting them allowing the heavy flow of blood.
Vasodilation is one of the evident causes of headaches. When you take medicines for controlling blood pressure, one common side effect is a headache as such medicines contain vasodilators.
Alcohol can even act as a diuretic, triggering your body to get rid of electrolytes and fluids by recurrent urination. Excessive urination can lead to dehydration, which in turn can cause headaches.
How does magnesium and vitamin B treat headaches?
Apart from taking strong medicines, there are some easy home remedies for headache offering negligible to zero side effects.
Did you know that magnesium accounts for one of the key minerals with limitless functionalities in your body? The optimum amount of magnesium in your body can distinctly improve the transmission of nerve impulses and control your blood glucose level.
Interestingly, magnesium can radically aid in combating headaches in quite a safe way. Many studies show that if you have a lesser percentage of magnesium in the body, you are more likely to experience headaches. To reduce migraine headaches, you should have at least 600 milligrams of magnesium every day. There are options of either consuming oral capsules of magnesium citrate or foods that are rich in magnesium.
Can essential oils soothe headaches?
Aromatherapy is one of the excellent home remedies for a headache that can easily evade all your tensions. Essential oils are full of chemical compounds that are aromatic in nature, blessing you with countless therapeutic benefits.
To relieve headaches, you can try aromatherapy out of lavender and peppermint essential oils. Lavender oil has amazing benefits against migraines and cluster headaches.
Combining essential oils with vitamin B complexes can be a cherry on the top. You may mix vitamin B capsules with aromatic oils, or eat foods rich in the B complexes for added benefits.
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In the year 1016, the succession was bitterly contested between Edmund Ironside and Canute (or Knut) the Dane. Although Wessex had submitted to Canute late in 1015, Aethelred was still alive and sulking in London, leaving his son Edmund to fight his battles. But this didn’t last long; King Aethelred took his last breath on 23 April 1016, and London declared Edmund king. Now England had two kings, and so began a treacherous struggle marked by five major battles, men changing sides, a siege of London were Canute was said to have dug a trench around the city, and many, many dead warriors.
Although Edmund stoutly aided London in its defense against the Danes, he frequently left the city in order to draw the Danes away from their siege. It is said he raised five armies that year–one for each battle. The last and most important, the Battle of Assandun took place on October 18, ended in disaster for the Saxons because of the treachery of Eadric Streona, who took to flight with his forces and turned the tide against Edmund.
This time Canute was determined to end the conflicts. The Saxons withdrew but the Danes followed them up the Severn river into Gloucestershire, finally stopping at an island called Olney (or Alney). There, in deference to the chieftains of the land who had had enough (led by Eadric Streona, who somehow retained the goodwill of Edmund Ironside), the two Kings decided to solve the issue by single combat. This legend comes down to us through the chroniclers, as unlikely as it sounds.
The Saxon King was said to have been the stronger fighter and soon hammered the Dane, breaking his shield and beating him down when Canute called a stop to the fight. “Bravest of youths,” he cried out, “why should either of us risk his life for the sake of a crown?” Edmund paused, considering. “Let us be brothers by adoption,” the Dane continued, “and divide the kingdom, governing so that I may rule your affairs, and you mine.” (Florence of Worcester).
The single combat story is probably apocryphal, but the ensuing treaty is not. According to their agreement, Canute was to rule Northumbria and Danish Mercia, while Edmund was ruler of Wessex, Essex, East Anglia, and English Mercia. It’s unclear who was supposed to rule London (I found it stated both ways), but in the end, the Londoners were obliged to come up with their own tribute payment to Canute and permit him to anchor his ships in the Thames for winter, so I guess the result speaks for itself.
Most importantly, it was stated that this treaty excluded brothers and children of the two Kings; if either was to die, all the possessions would revert to the other. And so when Edmund Ironside died suddenly in the winter of 1016, Canute took the crown and made sure to bring the witnesses forward to confirm the terms of the treaty. An exhausted England accepted his claim without demurring.
You can read about this and more in my novel, GODWINE KINGMAKER. Of course, I assume Godwine was witness to these great events! | FINEWEB-EDU |
BOOTY & FAT BURNING WORKOUT | BOOTY BUILDING SERIES WEEK 3
BUSINESS INQUIRES – ONLINE TRAINING:
Email — NoelArevalo7@gmail.com
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EXERCISES:
-Dumbell Squats:
3 Sets X 12 Reps
-Romanian Deadlifts:
3 Sets X 12 Reps
-Curtsey Squats:
3 Sets X 15 Reps
Bulgarian Split Squats:
4 Sets X 10 Reps
Cardio:
Burpee’s:
Begin in a standing position.
-Drop into a squat position with your hands on the ground
-Kick your feet back into a plank position, lower your body, chest touching the floor/ground. (I did not do a pushup, sorry)
-Immediately return your feet to the squat position.
Stand up from the squat position
Alternating Back Lunges:
-Stand with your feet in parallel and arms by your sides. Take a large step backward with your right leg coming into a lunge, with both knees bent to 90 degrees
-Your front knee should not go beyond your toes.
-Push your left heel into the ground as you step your right foot back to parallel. Then repeat stepping back with the left leg.
Butt Kicks:
Stand with your feet pointed straight ahead and placed shoulder-width apart. Contract your glutes, jump up and bring your heel to your glutes, be careful not to arch your back. Land softly and repeat with control.
Pulse Jump Squats:
Start with legs in a wide stance and with feet pointing out, squat down so legs are parallel with ground, squeeze the glutes and pulse 3 times, just raising and lowering a little for each pulse and then come up jumping in the air and back with legs and feet in same position to start next rep. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Calvinerd
Howdy folks!
There are few things I like more than knowing stuff. I love to learn and share information! Of course, that probably isn't a huge shock since I'm making a wikipedia user page...
So a little about me:
Background
I have a college education and a career in mechanical engineering. I live in the eastern United States, and have for most of my life, with a little stint in the mid-west.
Interests
I like to think I have varied interests (don't we all), but below are a few things that I've especially dug into:
Theology
As a conservative Christian, an interest in theology seems natural to me. Though I have no formal theological training, I have tried to learn as much as I can about the Bible as well as various theological views. I personally consider myself essentially a subscriber to the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith (though I'm still trying to understand all that implies). That would make me a Reformed Baptist ( or a Particular Baptist).
I also have a pretty significant interest in apologetics. I've done some informal study of Roman Catholicism, Islam, Mormonism, and Jehovah's Witnesses.
I have a very weak grasp of Koine Greek which I hope to improve over time. I can basically pronounce words, have a very small vocabulary, and am familiar with some common grammatical concepts. I also have some small familiarity with New Testament Textual Criticism, and am always interested in learning more.
Science and Engineering
I have some formal training and work experience here.
Chess
An avid amateur. I play 1. e4, 1. e4, e5, 1. d4, d5. I'd say my opening repertoire is essentially classical. My rating says I shouldn't have an opening repertoire.
Literature
What you'd expect based on the above. J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, G.K. Chesterton, H. Beam Piper, Murray Leinster, Harry Harrison, Terry Pratchet, P.G. Wodehouse, and many many others.
Podcasts
I'm a huge fan of podcasts. I listen for entertainment and learning. I subscribe to podcasts about history, science, and theology. In terms of entertainment podcasts, I listen to old-time radio westerns, sci-fi, fantasy, and some humor podcasts.
* Theology: Christ the Center, The Heidelcast, The Dividing Line, The Briefing with Albert Mohler, Two Age Sojourner, Theocast
* Politics/Law: The Eric Erickson Show, Scotus101, SCOTUS talk
* History: The Rest is History
* Science: You Are Not So Smart (psychology), The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, Science Diction (discontinued)
* Old Time Radio: Gunsmoke, Have Gun Will Travel, The Lone Ranger
* Humor: Cabin Pressure, John Finnemore's Souvenir Program
* Sci-fi/Fantasy/Entertainment: Wolf 359, Life with Althaar, Book Burners, The Truth, Ninth Step Murders, Last Known Position
* Misc: The Prancing Pony Podcast, Today's Tolkien Times, Lingthusiasm | WIKI |
Template:This American Life
If you add an article to this template, please also consider adding it to the appropriate subcategory of Category:This American Life | WIKI |
GE BETZ, INC., doing business as GE Water & Process Technologies, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Michelle MOFFITT-JOHNSTON; AmSpec Services, L.L.C., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 15-20008
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
FILED March 13, 2018
Charlotte Ann Fields, Esq., Gieger, Laborde & Laperouse, L.L.C., Houston, TX, Neal Katyal, Hogan Lovells US, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Kenneth Hugh Laborde, Esq., Trial Attorney, Daniel Gibbons Rauh, Attorney, Gieger, Laborde & Laperouse, L.L.C., New Orleans, LA, for Plaintiff-Appellant.
David Leslie Barron, Esq., Cozen O'Connor, P.C., Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellees.
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, OWEN, and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
PRISCILLA R. OWEN, Circuit Judge:
GE Betz, doing business as GE Water and Process Technologies (GE), appeals from the district court's partial grant of summary judgment and award of attorneys' fees in favor of its former employee Michelle Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec Services, L.L.C. (AmSpec). We affirm the district court's judgment in part but vacate the award of attorneys' fees.
I
In 2009, after over a decade working for GE and its predecessor, Moffitt-Johnston became the first head of GE's distressed fuels team, which performs "cargo treatments" for other companies. The cargo treatment process involves adding chemicals to fuel before export to comply with another country's safety, environmental, or regulatory standards.
While employed by GE, Moffitt-Johnston executed an agreement governing the rights and obligations of GE and Moffitt-Johnston in the event the employment relationship ended. Among other provisions, the agreement contained a clause prohibiting Moffitt-Johnston from soliciting GE's "customers" or "prospective customers" for 18 months following her termination or resignation. The agreement defined "customer" as any current GE customer with whom Moffitt-Johnston had contact or about whom she learned confidential information during the 18 months preceding her departure, and defined "prospective customer" as any entity whose business Moffitt-Johnston had taken certain steps to solicit. Accordingly, the non-solicitation clause was limited to customers and prospective customers of GE with whom Moffitt-Johnston actually worked during her employment with GE. On September 19, 2012, Moffitt-Johnston informed GE that she was resigning. She agreed to, and did, stay on for approximately one month.
At some point in late 2011 or early 2012, AmSpec decided to enter the cargo treatment industry. AmSpec had previously served as a third party inspector for some of GE's cargo treatments. Shortly after Moffitt-Johnston informed GE that she was resigning, she spoke with AmSpec about joining the company to operate its new additives division, which would compete with GE in providing cargo treatments. By October 11, 2012, Moffitt-Johnston-while still working for GE-accepted an offer to lead AmSpec's new division. Although she advised GE that she would be joining AmSpec, Moffitt-Johnston did not inform GE, and in fact repeatedly denied, that she would be competing with GE in her new role. Had she revealed that she would be competing with GE, GE's standard practice would have been to deny Moffitt-Johnston access to GE's data network and her employment likely would have been terminated immediately.
Moffitt-Johnston's computer activity in the weeks leading up to her departure was highly suspicious. GE installs monitoring software on the computers of all GE employees, which captures and logs certain actions taken, including emails sent and files copied to external hard drives. According to a report generated by the software on Moffitt-Johnston's computer (the DLP report), on September 24, 2012, days after she announced her resignation, someone using Moffitt-Johnston's computer downloaded over 27,000 files to an external hard drive. The circumstances of this download are disputed; Moffitt-Johnston offered evidence that the download was initiated by GE's Information Technology department in the course of backing up her computer, while GE offered evidence that Moffitt-Johnston was in possession of the computer at the time of the download and therefore conducted it herself. Subsequently, on October 9, 2012, another download was attempted to the same external hard drive but was blocked by exit controls that had been installed on Moffitt-Johnston's computer in the interim. The user attempting to the download the data could have entered a valid business justification that would have allowed the download to proceed, but instead abandoned the effort. Additionally, according to the DLP report, in the days prior to her departure, Moffitt-Johnston sent GE files via email to herself at outside email addresses.
AmSpec's entry into the cargo treatment market was "effectively announced" at the October 19, 2012 New York Harbor Show, an annual industry social event jointly hosted by GE and AmSpec. Having officially left GE two days prior, Moffitt-Johnston attended the event as a representative of AmSpec and was observed speaking with at least two GE customers, though the nature of these conversations is unknown. Over the next year, many of the customers to whom AmSpec provided cargo treatments had been customers of GE to whom GE had provided cargo treatments during the year preceding Moffitt-Johnston's departure.
Based on Moffitt-Johnston's failure to disclose that she would be working for a competitor, alleged downloads of GE files, and alleged solicitations of GE customers, GE filed suit against Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec, asserting 13 causes of action including, relevant here, breach of a covenant not to compete, misappropriation of trade secrets, and tortious interference with prospective business relationships. AmSpec and Moffitt-Johnston subsequently moved for summary judgment with respect to all 13 claims. GE filed a response, and AmSpec and Moffitt-Johnston moved to strike the DLP report, upon which GE
had relied extensively in its response. The district court granted the motion to strike, ruling that the DLP report was a summary of evidence and that GE had not complied with the requirements of Federal Rule of Evidence 1006. The district court then granted summary judgment in favor of AmSpec and Moffitt-Johnston as to most of the causes of action alleged.
The case proceeded to trial on the remaining claims-breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and unfair competition-limited to allegations that Moffitt-Johnston concealed her intention to work for a competitor. At trial, the district court allowed the DLP report to be admitted into evidence. The jury found liability as to all claims presented to it but awarded no damages. Subsequently, the district court awarded $217,189 in attorneys' fees to Moffitt-Johnston for her defense against the breach of the non-solicitation agreement claim.
GE appeals the summary judgment the district court granted in favor of Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec regarding the non-solicitation agreement and the district court's denial of GE's motion for summary judgment regarding its claims for breach of a non-solicitation agreement, tortious interference with prospective business relationships, misappropriation of trade secrets, and three related causes of action. GE also appeals the award of attorneys' fees to Moffitt-Johnston.
II
With regard to GE's claim that Moffitt-Johnston breached the non-competition agreement, the district court concluded, in the alternative, that GE put forth no evidence of breach. We agree.
GE acknowledges that it has no "smoking gun" that Moffitt-Johnston solicited any former clients, arguing instead that "an extensive mosaic of facts ... establishe[s] a strong circumstantial case." GE offers four categories of evidence it believes collectively support an inference that Moffitt-Johnston solicited former customers of GE while working for AmSpec. This court "review[s] a grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same standard as the district court and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party."
First, GE points to the fact that Moffitt-Johnston downloaded over 27,000 GE files prior to departing, many of which contained client information, then lied about working for a competitor, supporting an inference that her motive was to "deprive GE of the opportunity to shore up its customer relationships before she could solicit their business."
Second, GE references two incidents it believes constitute solicitations themselves. Specifically, at the 2012 New York Harbor Show, Moffitt-Johnston was observed speaking with two GE customers. However, there is no evidence as to the content of those conversations. While the event's purpose was business development, there is evidence in the record that it was also largely a social affair to which spouses and "significant others" were invited for dinner and a cruise. As the district court observed, the non-solicitation covenant does not prohibit Moffitt-Johnston from speaking with any former clients; it prevents her from soliciting them "regarding products or services that are similar to or competitive with those [she] gained knowledge of while employed by [GE]." The district court held that GE's belief that Moffitt-Johnston solicited customers at the New York Harbor Show is "mere speculation." With no evidence that Moffitt-Johnston spoke with the clients at issue about AmSpec's services or even anything industry-related during this event, the district court's conclusion was correct.
GE also cites evidence suggesting that a representative of one of GE's customers, Statoil, had communications with Moffitt-Johnston. GE argues that it is reasonable to infer from context that they spoke about business because an employee of this customer later told a GE employee, Kevin Kurtz, that he would "have to speak to" Moffitt-Johnston first before agreeing to conduct further business with GE. However, the record contains only Kurtz's testimony as to what the GE customer's employee said. GE did not cite this testimony when arguing in the district court that Moffitt-Johnston violated the non-solicitation provision. Had GE done so, the district court undoubtedly would have ruled, correctly, that Kurtz's testimony was hearsay. AmSpec had moved to strike Kurtz's testimony about this conversation with the GE employee, and the district court denied the motion on the basis that AmSpec did "not cite this testimony for the truth of the matter asserted, but rather to show that the statement was made. It is therefore not hearsay." GE cannot rely on this hearsay evidence to support a finding of breach.
In a "see also " reference in its brief in our court, GE cites to a string of emails in which, shortly after Moffitt-Johnston joined AmSpec, she communicated with a GE customer, Statoil, with whom she had worked while at GE. AmSpec provided cargo treatment services to this customer in November 2012, and the emails that Moffitt-Johnston sent and received detail how that treatment was progressing, from the time the vessel was made available to AmSpec until the conclusion of the treatment process. The non-solicitation agreement provided that Moffitt-Johnston would not "communicate ... with any Customer or Prospective Customer regarding products or services that are similar to or competitive with those I have gained knowledge of while employed by [GE]." It would seem that these exchanges might have been a breach of the non-solicitation agreement. But GE itself states that "it is unclear what the substance of the conversation was, context indicated it was business related." This evidence, without more, is speculative.
Third, GE argues that there is evidence in the record that Moffitt-Johnston engaged in "subterfuge" to violate the non-solicitation covenant, including supervising others to solicit GE customers. The covenant not to solicit provides that Moffitt-Johnston would not "assist another" in "solicit[ing], call[ing] upon, communicat[ing], attempt[ing] to communicate" any customer, and the agreement prohibits subterfuge, defined to include "accompanying others on calls ..., supervising other persons in soliciting Customers ..., [or] providing Confidential Information to others to assist them in soliciting or serving Customers or Prospective Customers." GE contends that Moffitt-Johnston's interactions and communications with Scott Hagstrom, violated these provisions. Hagstrom was hired immediately after Moffitt-Johnston to work as her director of sales. He was also restricted by a non-competition agreement with his former employer, another provider of treatment services. When AmSpec sales representatives contacted Hagstrom with an additives lead, he referred the employee to Moffitt-Johnston if his non-competition agreement precluded him from pursuing the lead. He understood that Moffitt-Johnston did the same.
Additionally, Hagstrom forwarded to Moffitt-Johnston an email chain between himself and representatives of a GE customer about scheduling an out-of-town meeting and discussing a potential transaction, which GE contends demonstrated that Hagstrom "kept Moffitt-Johnston abreast of his solicitation activities."
This evidence does not raise a triable issue as to whether Moffitt-Johnston violated the agreement. GE has put forth no evidence tying referrals between Moffitt-Johnston and Hagstrom to any sale by AmSpec. Moreover, Moffitt-Johnston is precluded from supervising Hagstrom's solicitation of GE's clients. She is not prohibited from supervising him in general or from working as a manager for a company with employees who solicit GE clients, absent some evidence that she directed those solicitation activities. The fact that Hagstrom forwarded her an email reflecting his activities for their common employer is not evidence of a violation.
Fourth, GE offers evidence "relating to AmSpec's immediate success in the cargo-treatment arena," referencing the fact that AmSpec made sales to certain GE customers soon after establishing its competing business and within a short time after the New York Harbor Show. However, the fact that AmSpec was quickly able to compete with GE is not evidence that Moffitt-Johnston solicited clients she was not permitted to solicit, especially in light of the fact that AmSpec had previously done inspection work for those same clients and therefore had existing relationships.
Although GE contends that these four categories of evidence, considered together, raise an inference that Moffitt-Johnston violated the non-solicitation covenant, none amount to more than speculation. Considered collectively, GE's evidence is not enough to raise a triable issue as to whether Moffitt-Johnston solicited any former GE customers, whether she directed solicitation of former GE customers, or whether improper conduct led to any sales by AmSpec. The district court correctly held that there was no evidence that the non-solicitation agreement was breached.
III
The district court also granted summary judgment in favor of Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec on GE's misappropriation-of-trade-secrets claim. As a threshold matter, GE acknowledges that its misappropriation claim largely depends on the admissibility of the DLP report, which the district court excluded from the summary judgment record. We assume, without deciding, that the district court's exclusion was an abuse of discretion, and proceed with the analysis of this claim on the premise that the DLP report was admissible.
To prevail on a misappropriation of trade secrets claim, "a plaintiff must show that (1) a trade secret existed, (2) the trade secret was acquired through a breach of a confidential relationship or discovered by improper means, and (3) the defendant used the trade secret without authorization from the plaintiff." Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec do not contest that some of the information allegedly misappropriated could constitute trade secrets. The district court granted summary judgment on the second and third elements of the claim. We conclude that its decision was proper with respect to the use element.
"A cause of action for misappropriation of trade secrets accrues when the trade secret is actually used ." "As a general matter, any exploitation of the trade secret that is likely to result in injury to the trade secret owner or enrichment to the defendant is a 'use.' " However, "[p]roof of trade secret misappropriation often depends upon circumstantial evidence."
GE's allegation that Moffitt-Johnston used the trade secrets at issue is based on circumstantial evidence. Specifically, GE alleges that the following facts and circumstances, in combination, support a reasonable inference that Moffitt-Johnston used GE's trade secrets: "(1) Moffitt-Johnston created a [business] plan to sacrifice profit margin in order to gain market share; (2) Moffitt-Johnston emailed GE's most recent financial data to her AmSpec email account on her last day at GE [and downloaded 27,000 GE files in a deceptive manner]; [and] (3) AmSpec had success with the very clients whose financial data Moffitt-Johnston had just sent."
The "business plan" referenced by GE is a one-page draft plan prepared by Moffitt-Johnston for an interview with AmSpec, prior to being hired. GE points to the fact that the business plan projects lower margins in Moffitt-Johnston's first two years on the job and notes, apparently as a goal and without any elaboration, "Get Market Share." According to GE, from this business plan, "[i]t was reasonable to infer that Moffitt-Johnston used knowledge of GE's cost structure in order to acquire that market share." But attempting to acquire market share, even in part through lower margins, is a natural goal for a business in its infancy, and it would be unreasonable to infer from this broadly stated objective that Moffitt-Johnston planned to use GE's trade secrets at the time she interviewed with AmSpec-much less that she ultimately did so. The business plan contains no information suggesting that Moffitt-Johnston intended to capitalize on her knowledge of GE's cost structure. GE contends that it "submitted AmSpec's financial data to buttress that inference." But it is unclear what conclusions GE asks the court to draw from AmSpec's raw financial data, as GE does not explain how the data compares to its own, how it "buttress[es]" the inference that GE's confidential information was used to "gain market share," or anything else.
With respect to the fact that AmSpec enjoyed success with clients whose information Moffitt-Johnston allegedly misappropriated, it would likewise be unreasonable to infer from such success that AmSpec and Moffitt-Johnston used GE's trade secrets. The mere fact of AmSpec's ability to compete does not itself suggest that AmSpec did so by misappropriating trade secrets. GE does not explain or present any evidence of how, and to what degree, AmSpec obtained business from former GE clients, just that "many" of AmSpec's sales "are to customers that GE sold cargo treatments to within the twelve months prior to [Moffitt-Johnston's] departure." Once again, the fact that GE submitted AmSpec's raw data, without any explication as to how the data compares to that of GE, does not support an inference that AmSpec's ability to obtain sales from customers with whom GE has worked is a result of using GE's trade secrets. In any event, AmSpec had previously worked with the customers at issue in its capacity as an inspector, so the relationships were not entirely new.
With respect to evidence as to the circumstances under which Moffitt-Johnston allegedly obtained the trade secrets (through a download of data and emails to herself on the eve of her departure), GE asks the court to collapse the improper-acquisition prong and the use prong of the misappropriation of trade secrets cause of action. As support for this analytical step, GE cites only to an unpublished case from a Texas court of appeals reviewing the trial court's ruling with great deference. But there is no evidence of actual use.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment on the misappropriation of trade secrets claim, as well as the claims for illegal use of confidential information and breach of a common-law duty with respect to confidential information, which track the misappropriation claim.
Separately, GE asserts in a footnote that if we rule that the DLP report is admissible (as we have assumed for the sake of argument), we should reverse the grant of partial summary judgment on GE's breach of fiduciary duty claim with respect to allegations that Moffitt-Johnston stole GE's files. However, a claim for breach of fiduciary duty requires an injury to the plaintiff or a benefit to the defendant. For the same reasons GE has not established that Moffitt-Johnston or AmSpec actually used the trade secrets or that GE suffered any injury, it cannot establish a breach of fiduciary duty claim based on the misappropriation. GE also asserts, in the same footnote, that the DLP report's admissibility compels the reversal of the district court's grant of summary judgment on GE's claim that AmSpec tortiously interfered with Moffitt-Johnston's employment agreement with GE. However, as the district court correctly concluded, even if Moffitt-Johnston committed wrongdoing, GE has offered no evidence that AmSpec was involved.
IV
The district court also granted summary judgment on GE's tortious-interference-with-prospective-business-relationships claim, which alleges that Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec wrongfully interfered with GE's customer relationships. To establish a claim for tortious interference with prospective business relationships, a plaintiff must set forth evidence that:
(1) there was a reasonable probability that the parties would have entered into a business relationship; (2) the defendant committed an independently tortious or unlawful act that prevented the relationship from occurring; (3) the defendant either acted with a conscious desire to prevent the relationship from occurring or knew the interference was certain or substantially certain to occur as a result of the conduct; and (4) the plaintiff suffered actual harm or damages as a result of the defendant's interference.
Here, the only "independently tortious or unlawful act" alleged by GE is Moffitt-Johnston's breach of the non-solicitation agreement. As we have already concluded, there is no evidence that Moffitt-Johnston breached the non-solicitation agreement. Accordingly, even if GE can establish a reasonable probability of entering into a business relationship with which Moffitt-Johnston and AmSpec interfered, its tortious interference claim fails.
V
The district court concluded that the non-solicitation agreement was unenforceable and awarded Moffitt-Johnston attorneys' fees incurred in defending against GE's claim that she breached that agreement. Enforceability of a non-solicitation agreement is governed by the Covenants Not to Compete Act, Texas Business and Commerce Code § 15.50. Under the Act,
a covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is ancillary to or part of an otherwise enforceable agreement at the time the agreement is made to the extent that it contains limitations as to time, geographical area, and scope of activity to be restrained that are reasonable and do not impose a greater restraint than is necessary to protect the goodwill or other business interest of the promisee.
The parties do not dispute that the non-solicitation agreement was ancillary to an otherwise enforceable agreement, and Moffitt-Johnston has not challenged the eighteen-month duration of restraint. The parties joined issue on whether the agreement contains "reasonable" limitations as to geographical area and the scope of the activity restrained, and whether the agreement imposes a greater restraint than necessary to protect GE's "goodwill or other business interests."
The terms of the non-solicitation agreement between Moffitt-Johnston and GE are set forth in the margin. Though there are geographical limitations if Moffitt-Johnston was employed in Louisiana or South Dakota, the parties do not contend that she was employed in either of those states, and the non-solicitation provision does not expressly set forth a geographical area in which Moffitt-Johnston was prohibited from soliciting with regard to GE's Customers or Prospective Customers in other areas.
However, because it is unnecessary to decide if the non-solicitation agreement was enforceable in resolving the attorneys' fee issue, we will assume, without deciding, that the non-solicitation agreement was unenforceable. Under Texas Business & Commerce Code § 15.51(c), a court may award attorneys' fees to an employee who is sued by a former employer under a covenant not to compete or non-solicitation agreement if the employee (1) "establishes that the [employer] knew at the time of the execution of the agreement that the covenant did not contain limitations as to time, geographical area, and scope of activity to be restrained that were reasonable and the limitations imposed a greater restraint than necessary to protect the goodwill or other business interest of the [employer]," and (2) "the [employer] sought to enforce the covenant to a greater extent than was necessary to protect the goodwill or other business interest of the [employer]."
Moffitt-Johnston bore the burden of proof as to both of these prerequisites but failed to carry that burden. As GE asserted in the district court, in its opposition to Moffitt-Johnston's motion for attorneys' fees, and maintains in this court, there is no evidence that GE knew, "at the time of the execution of the agreement," that the non-solicitation agreement was unreasonable, assuming that it was.
Moffitt-Johnston argues that counsel for GE admitted in the district court that the non-solicitation agreement was "completely devoid of any geographic limitations." However, under Texas law, covenants not to compete and non-solicitation agreements are not void or unenforceable simply because they lack an express geographic limitation. Citing decisions of the Texas courts of appeals, the district court correctly concluded that "[i]n the absence of an explicit geographic scope, '[a] number of courts have held that a non-compete covenant that is limited to the employee's clients is a reasonable alternative to a geographical limit.' " Accordingly, notwithstanding the text of § 15.50(a), a non-solicitation agreement may be enforceable under Texas law even if it does not expressly contain geographical limits.
Moffitt-Johnston relies on the testimony of two GE employees, but neither had actual knowledge of the non-solicitation agreement's terms until this litigation arose, and neither was designated as GE's corporate representative as to the state of GE's knowledge when Moffitt-Johnston and GE consummated the agreement. One of these witnesses testified that she did not know what GE meant when the agreement was drafted, and her opinion that the agreement was customer-specific "irrespective of geography" was based on her lay understanding of the agreement when she was asked to read it, for the first time, during her deposition. The other GE employee testified that he did not know if the agreement contained any geographic limitations.
Moffitt-Johnston argued that GE's counsel took the position in the district court that there was an implied geographic limitation in the agreement but then took inconsistent positions as to what those restrictions were. Moffitt-Johnston points out that at one point GE's counsel argued that the implied limitation was the United States, Canada, North America and Panama, but that counsel subsequently directed Kurtz, a GE employee, to compile a list of customers that would come within the agreement. Kurtz included 20 GE customers on this list, based on hearsay, as discussed above. But none of this is evidence that at the time GE and Moffitt-Johnston executed the non-solicitation agreement, GE knew that it was unreasonable.
Though there is no evidence that GE actually (subjectively) knew when it signed the agreement that it was unreasonable (again, assuming that it was), Moffitt-Johnston contends that GE must have known at the time that the agreement was executed that it was unreasonable because, she asserts, the definitions of "Customer" and "Prospective Customer" are not limited to individuals with whom she actually worked and accordingly, the agreement is overly broad. The GE Employment and Confidential Information agreement, which includes the non-solicitation provisions, defines "Customer" and "Prospective Customer." "Customer" is defined in terms of a customer of GE with whom Moffitt-Johnston had contacts of a specified character. The district court concluded that "Customer" could be construed to include a multi-national corporation and therefore, that Moffitt-Johnston would have been prohibited from soliciting business at refineries or locations other than those with whom she had actual contact or involvement while at GE. We think it unreasonable to read the definition of "Customer" so broadly. The agreement instead connotes that in order to have been a "Customer," there must have been actual communication or contact between "the Customer" and Moffitt-Johnston that concerned provision or the potential provision of a service or product. Employees of a multi-national corporation with whom Moffitt-Johnston had no contact, and who worked in a refinery with which Moffitt-Johnston had done no business, would not qualify as a "Customer" because the requisite nexus of contact for the purpose of transactions could not exist. This is reinforced by the descriptions of those whom "Customer" included: "representatives of the customer, key decision-makers for the customer, plant managers, purchasing agents, technical representatives, or any other employee or consultant providing services for the customer, with whom I had any contact or communication or about whom I [Moffitt-Johnston] developed, received, or learned Confidential Information." Similarly, the term "Prospective Customer" is defined with reference to Moffitt-Johnston's personal involvement while employed by GE.
The parties have not cited, and we have not found, a Texas court decision that resolves whether the knowledge component of Texas Business & Commerce Code § 15.51(a) is a subjective one, requiring actual knowledge, or whether the fact that an employer "knew at the time of the execution of the agreement" that the covenant was unreasonable can be imputed by showing that objectively, a reasonable person would know, based on Texas law, that the agreement was unreasonable. Even assuming, without deciding, that knowledge of Texas law as it existed when the agreement was signed is imputed to GE, it is not clear that under Texas law, the definitions of "Customer" and "Prospective Customer" are overly broad. We cannot say that any reasonable person who read the covenant would or should have known that it was unreasonable. Indeed, a Texas court has found a similar provision to be reasonable, though the challenges to the clause in that case were arguably different.
We note, however, that GE advocated positions in the district court that may have influenced the court in reaching the conclusion that the non-solicitation agreement was overly broad and therefore unreasonable. GE offered the affidavit of its employee Kevin Kurtz, which listed 20 names and opined that each fell within the definition of "Customer" or "Prospective Customer." Many were short-hand identifiers of nationally- and internationally-known names such as "Exxon Mobil." The district court excluded this affidavit, however, because it was not based on personal knowledge, and it is not evidence in the case. Most of the names in Kurtz's affidavits do not appear to identify an actual corporate entity because those names are not followed by "Inc." or "Corp." or similar indicia of a corporate entity. While this is evidence that GE sought to enforce the agreement to a greater extent than was necessary to protect the goodwill or its other business interest, it is not evidence that GE knew at the time of the execution of the agreement that the restraints in the non-solicitation agreement were unreasonable.
GE presented evidence to the district court that prior to the time that the agreement with Moffitt-Johnston was reached, a court in North Carolina had enforced GE non-solicitation agreements identical to the one in Moffitt-Johnston's contract. That decision was upheld on appeal, though after the date of the agreement at issue in the present case. The North Carolina court of appeals rejected the argument that the non-solicitation agreements were overly broad and against North Carolina public policy. The court reasoned that the agreements "did not exceed the scope necessary to protect GE's business." We reference these decisions, not for any legal proposition, but as some evidence that GE had reason to think that the non-solicitation provisions were not overly broad.
Because there was no evidence that when GE executed the non-solicitation agreement with Moffitt-Johnston, GE knew the covenant was unreasonable, Moffitt-Johnston has not met the requirements of Texas Business and Commerce Code § 15.51(c). Therefore, she was not entitled to recover attorneys' fees.
* * *
For the reasons set forth above, we AFFIRM the district court's judgment in part and VACATE the award of attorneys' fees.
Am. Family Life Assur. Co. of Columbus v. Biles , 714 F.3d 887, 895 (5th Cir. 2013).
CQ, Inc. v. TXU Min. Co ., 565 F.3d 268, 273 (5th Cir. 2009) (quoting Gaia Techs. Inc. v. Recycled Prods. Corp. , 175 F.3d 365, 376 (5th Cir. 1999) ) (emphasis in original).
Gen. Universal Sys., Inc. v. HAL, Inc. , 500 F.3d 444, 450 (5th Cir. 2007) (quoting Comput. Assocs. Int'l v. Altai, Inc. , 918 S.W.2d 453, 455 (Tex. 1996) ) (emphasis in original).
Wellogix, Inc. v. Accenture, L.L.P ., 716 F.3d 867, 877 (5th Cir. 2013) (alteration omitted).
Sw. Energy Prod. Co. v. Berry-Helfand , 411 S.W.3d 581, 598 (Tex. App.-Tyler 2013)rev'd on other grounds , 491 S.W.3d 699 (Tex. 2016).
See Molina v. Air Starter Components, Inc. , No. 01-03-00175-CV, 2004 WL 1277491, at *4 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] June 10, 2004, pet. denied) (mem. op.) ("[T]he inferences to be drawn from the ... circumstances surrounding how the box was taken ..., when viewed in support of the trial court's ruling, rationally support the trial court's conclusion that Molina had someone take the contents in the box from Air Starter so that he could reproduce Air Starter's product.").
Navigant Consulting, Inc. v. Wilkinson , 508 F.3d 277, 283 (5th Cir. 2007).
Richardson-Eagle, Inc. v. William M. Mercer, Inc. , 213 S.W.3d 469, 475 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. denied).
See supra Part III.
Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 15.50(a).
Id .
The agreement provides, in part:
I acknowledge that, as a practical matter, it would not be possible for me to compete with the Company for Customers without making use of the Company's Confidential Information and its relationships with its customers. In order for the Company to protect such information and relationships, if I am employed by the Company in a position where I am evaluated based on my effectiveness at securing new customers, servicing customers, or retaining existing customers including, but not limited to, marketing, sales, channel distribution, field service, sales of global corporate accounts, or sales management, or in a position where I supervise other Company employees in performing such activities, then for the eighteen (18) consecutive calendar months immediately following termination/resignation of my employment with the Company i[r]regardless of the reason for such termination, I shall not directly or indirectly, for my benefit or the benefit of any other person or entity, solicit, call upon, communicate, or attempt to communicate, or assist another in doing so, with any Customer or Prospective Customer regarding products or services that are similar to or competitive with those I have gained knowledge of while employed by the Company. I will not engage in any subterfuge to circumvent this prohibition, including accompanying others on calls to Customers or Prospective Customers, contacting Customers or Prospective Customers with other persons, supervising other persons in soliciting Customers or Prospective Customers, providing Confidential Information to others to assist them in soliciting or serving Customers or Prospective Customers, participating in developing presentations to be made to Customers or Prospective Customers, or other similar activities. If I am employed by the Company in Louisiana or South Dakota, I agree not to engage in the foregoing activities with respect to any Customer or Prospective Customer during the restricted period in any county or parish in which I solicited or served the Customer or Prospective Customer on behalf of the Company. If I am employed by the Company in Louisiana or South Dakota I acknowledge that I may request confirmation by the Company at any time of the parishes or counties in which the Customers or Prospective Customers are based and as to which the prohibitions of this paragraph shall apply.
Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 15.51(c).
Id .; see also Sentinel Integrity Sols., Inc. v. Mistras Grp., Inc. , 414 S.W.3d 911, 924 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied).
GE Betz Inc. v. Moffitt-Johnson , No. H-13-0459, 2014 WL 12596523, slip op. at *8 (S.D. Tex. June 6, 2014) (quoting Gallagher Healthcare Ins. Servs. v. Vogelsang , 312 S.W.3d 640, 654 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied) ); see Vogelsang , 312 S.W.3d at 654-55 (collecting cases).
See Alex Sheshunoff Mgmt. Servs., L.P. v. Johnson , 209 S.W.3d 644, 657 (Tex. 2006) (holding that a covenant not to compete was reasonable even though the covenant's restrictions applied regardless of geographic location).
The terms are defined as follows:
"Customer." The term "Customer" refers to any current customer of the Company, including representatives of the customer, key decision-makers for the customer, plant managers, purchasing agents, technical representatives, or any other employee or consultant providing services for the customer, with whom I had any contact or communication or about whom I developed, received, or learned Confidential Information during the eighteen (18) consecutive calendar months preceding termination of my employment with the Company if such contact or communication was with a view to or for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, influencing the purchase of, or otherwise providing any product, service or equipment competitive with any product, service, or equipment sold, offered for sale, provided, or under development by the Company.
"Prospective Customer." The term "Prospective Customer" refers to all entities (i) for whom I have assisted in the Company in making a written proposal within the twelve (12) calendar months preceding termination of my employment with the Company, or (ii) for whom [I] have made at least two (2) prospect calls during the twelve (12) calendar months preceding termination of my employment with the Company.
See Alex Sheshunoff Mgmt. Servs. , 209 S.W.3d at 656-57 (rejecting the contention that the agreement was overly broad because "its restriction on [the employee's] solicitation of certain of [the employer's] prospective clients and 'affiliation members' is unrelated to any training or confidential information [the employer] provided [the employee] after he signed the employment agreement," and concluding that the following covenant "was reasonable,":
Employee will not
(i) directly or indirectly, as an owner, employee, independent contractor or otherwise, provide consulting services to banks, savings and loans or other financial institutions where the Employee has provided fee based services in excess of 40 hours within the last year of employment, or with which Employee has conducted significant sales activity, including, but not limited to, more than one sales call, preparation of a sales proposal and actual sales, within the last year of employment. This restriction applies regardless of geographic location, it being acknowledged by the parties that Employer's clients are not confined to a particular geographic area;
(ii) solicit or aid any other party in soliciting any affiliation member or previously identified prospective client or affiliation member. ...)
GE Betz, Inc. v. Conrad , 231 N.C.App. 214, 752 S.E.2d 634 (2013).
Id . at 645.
Id .
| CASELAW |
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2008-02-11/Tutorial
What is a dispute?
A dispute is a situation where two or more editors disagree on a matter. What this matter is can range from some controversial information in an article to another editor's way of editing. Serious and continued disputes are highly disapproved of, since they disrupt the work of writing an encyclopedia.
Due to the open style of Wikipedia, everyone can edit; occasionally, Person A is going to add information or express an opinion that Person B disagrees with. One goal of editors should be to minimize disputes, both by preventing them and by resolving them quickly.
Avoiding a dispute
The important thing to do in disputes is stay cool. It isn't the end of the world if someone disagrees with you. Rather, this is an opportunity to learn more about how others view a matter.
* Stay cool when the editing gets hot:
* Approach the matter civilly and calmly. Talk pages are great places to discuss, compromise and develop some consensus on matters.
* Avoid letting the matter get personal. A conflict of interest may cloud your judgment and make you more easily provoked.
* If you feel you cannot stop yourself from engaging in a dispute, consider taking a wikibreak.
If a person reverts your edit because they do not think you're right, with little or no explanation, one good option is to place a note on the talk page of the article (and on their user talk page as well, if you wish) inquiring as to why they think you are wrong. Do this calmly and civilly; courtesy goes a long way in keeping things cool.
Also, remember to maintain your cool along with establishing it; if the other editor starts being aggressive and unreasonable, calmly warn them that they are required to be civil. Try to keep the matter from escalating out of hand. Often, if you are able to stay calm while the other user gets heated, they may realize their mistake and calm down. If you get riled up, that will only serve to worsen the matter. Again, talk pages are great places to compromise, discuss and develop consensus on disputed matters. They should be where you turn first; only after further discussion seems pointless should you go elsewhere.
Solving a dispute
If you do find yourself in a dispute and you can't figure out how to deal with it by yourself, there are a few things you can do to seek help.
Requests for Comment
* Matters concerning user conduct that is affecting articles should be brought to the requests for comment process; this allows other users to provide their insight in the matter, and functions as a forum about discussion of conflicts. Real efforts should be made at solving the dispute with the user involved before a user conduct request for comment is formed.
Third opinions and mediation
* Sometimes, it just isn't possible to reach agreement with another editor; if so, outside intervention should be requested. One place to do so is at the third opinion page. If that fails to solve the problem, you may seek mediation assistance from mediation cabal, which is a relatively informal process, or go to the formal Mediation Committee. If a matter is beyond the scope of these faculties, it will go to the arbitration committee (commonly known as ARBCOM). Do not bring cases to ARBCOM unless the matter has been looked at by the other areas; ARBCOM is the final step in the process. Also keep in mind that ARBCOM generally does not hear content disputes, but normally limits cases to those involving behavioral matters (personal attacks, disruptive editing, etc.)
Edit wars
* For edit warring matters, the quickest way is the three-revert rule noticeboard, which you may use if another editor has violated the three-revert rule. Never engage in an edit war; even if you avoid a 3RR violation yourself, disagreements at Wikipedia shouldn't be resolved by seeing which editor gives up first. Instead, get other editors involved, to see if you can reach at least rough consensus.
Deletion disputes
* For deletion disputes, see Deletion debates, which contains multiple processes that can be used to develop community consensus on deletion-related matters; use this if a speedy deletion is contested (assuming it is appropriate; often it is not), and the next step, a proposed deletion, is also contested.
Personal attacks and incivility
* For personal attack matters, see Wikiquette alerts if another user is demonstrating unfriendly or antagonistic behaviour towards you. For extreme matters, see the administrator's incident noticeboard.
In closing
Remember; though it is always best if you settle a dispute yourself, sometimes it just won't work, so don't hesitate to ask for help. Good luck!
Helpful Links
* Staying cool when the editing gets hot
* Dispute resolution
* Third opinion
* Administrators' noticeboard/3RR
* Criteria for speedy deletion
* Edit war
* Administrators' noticeboard and Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents
* Wikiquette alerts
* Deletion debates
* Mediation Cabal
* Mediation committee
* Arbitration committee | WIKI |
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