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Justin Garrick Justin Garrick - 1 year ago 208
Ruby Question
"bin/rails: No such file or directory" w/ Ruby 2 & Rails 4 on Heroku
While following the Rails 4 Beta version of Michael Hartl's Ruby on Rails Tutorial, my app fails to start on Heroku, but runs fine locally with
bundle exec rails server
. Checking
heroku logs -t
reveals the following error:
$ heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting
$ heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `bin/rails server
-p 33847 -e $RAILS_ENV`
$ app[web.1]: bash: bin/rails: No such file or directory
$ heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 127
$ heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
$ heroku[web.1]: Error R99 (Platform error) -> Failed to launch the
dyno within 10 seconds
$ heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGKILL
If I
heroku run bash
and check the
bin
directory, I can see that there is not a
rails
executable:
~$ ls bin
erb gem irb node rdoc ri ruby testrb
What have I done wrong? I followed the tutorial exactly.
Answer
After struggling with this for a bit, I noticed that my Rails 4 project had a /bin directory, unlike some older Rails 3 projects I had cloned. /bin contains 3 files, bundle, rails, and rake, but these weren't making it to Heroku because I had bin in my global .gitignore file.
This is a pretty common ignore rule if you work with Git and other languages (Java, etc.), so to fix this:
1. Remove bin from ~/.gitignore
2. Run bundle install
3. Commit your changes with git add . and git commit -m "Add bin back"
4. Push your changes to Heroku with git push heroku master | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sorted elastic array
The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 08:14, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
Sorted elastic array
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Contested PROD. No evidence of notability JMHamo (talk) 13:26, 2 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete Merge to Dynamic array and then redirect. There is not much to be said about a sorted elastic array excepted in the context of a dynamic array as one of the possible types. Agree with single primary source reason given by below. References exist to provide a definition, but not an encyclopedia article. — Neonorange (talk) 14:42, 2 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete This concept is not known under the name "sorted elastic array", except in that one patent used as a reference (which isn't a reliable, independent source). I don't think merging or redirecting it anywhere as is, would thus be appropriate. —Ruud 11:55, 3 September 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Computing-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 16:27, 5 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Fails GNG. -- Dane 2007 talk 02:20, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Toby Clarke
Sir Charles Mansfield Tobias Clarke, 6th Baronet (8 September 1939 – 16 September 2019), known as Sir Toby Clarke since 1973, was a British businessman.
Clarke was the son of Sir Humphrey Clarke, 5th Baronet and was educated at Eton, Christ Church, Oxford, La Sorbonne, and New York University. He founded The Baronets' Journal in 1987 and from 1993 to 1996 he was chairman of the Standing Council of the Baronetage Bankers Trust Co. He was associate director of Swiss Bank Corp. in 1992–94, underwriting member, Lloyds from 1984 to 2001, and lord of the Manor of Bibury.
Through his grandmother, Elfrida Roosevelt (Lady Clarke, wife of Sir Orme Bigland Clarke, Bt, CBE), he was related to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. President Roosevelt was his first cousin, three times removed. He was also the second cousin, three times removed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
He was married to Charlotte Walter and then Teresa Loraine Aphrodite de Chair (daughter of Somerset de Chair) (divorced). He has three children (by his second marriage): Theodora Roosevelt Clarke, Augusta Elfrida Clarke, and Olympic athlete Lawrence Somerset Clarke.
He was a Vice-President of the Standing Council of the Baronetage.
Clarke died on 16 September 2019, eight days after celebrating his 80th birthday. | WIKI |
Shilpa Thakre
Shilpa Thakre (born 22 October 1992) is an Indian dancer and actress known for her work in Marathi Cinema. She rose to fame due to her short videos on social media.
Early life
Thakre was born in Walani, Nagpur, Maharashtra.
Thakre completed Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication in Nagpur. She worked night shift at Tech Mahindra in Pune for 2 years, while doing auditions for film roles in the mornings.
Career
Thakre became known after her short videos, posted to social media, went viral. She is known as expression queen due to her videos on YouTube, TikTok and Likee. As a result, she started receiving offers for film roles and has appeared in a number, including Khichik, Triple Seat, Ibhrat and Bhirkit. | WIKI |
Sapucaia
Sapucaia may refer to:
Botany
* Lecythis pisonis, a tree of the family Lecythidaceae, also known as cream nut or monkey pot
* Sterculia striata, a tree of the family Malvaceae, also known as chicá-do-cerrado
Geography
* Sapucaia, Pará, a municipality in the state of Pará;
* Sapucaia, Rio de Janeiro, a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro;
* Sapucaia do Sul, a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul | WIKI |
User:Mrthbtn96/Chick lit
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/19/books/review/the-chicklit-pandemic.html
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TEST TEST TEST | WIKI |
Phoenix v1.4.1 Phoenix.ChannelTest View Source
Conveniences for testing Phoenix channels.
In channel tests, we interact with channels via process communication, sending and receiving messages. It is also common to subscribe to the same topic the channel subscribes to, allowing us to assert if a given message was broadcast or not.
Channel testing
To get started, define the module attribute @endpoint in your test case pointing to your application endpoint.
Then you can directly create a socket and subscribe_and_join/4 topics and channels:
{:ok, _, socket} =
socket(UserSocket, "user:id", %{some_assigns: 1})
|> subscribe_and_join(RoomChannel, "room:lobby", %{"id" => 3})
You usually want to set the same ID and assigns your UserSocket.connect/3 callback would set. Alternatively, you can use the connect/3 helper to call your UserSocket.connect/3 callback and initialize the socket with the socket id:
{:ok, socket} = connect(UserSocket, %{"some" => "params"}, %{})
{:ok, _, socket} = subscribe_and_join(socket, "room:lobby", %{"id" => 3})
Once called, subscribe_and_join/4 will subscribe the current test process to the “room:lobby” topic and start a channel in another process. It returns {:ok, reply, socket} or {:error, reply}.
Now, in the same way the channel has a socket representing communication it will push to the client. Our test has a socket representing communication to be pushed to the server.
For example, we can use the push/3 function in the test to push messages to the channel (it will invoke handle_in/3):
push(socket, "my_event", %{"some" => "data"})
Similarly, we can broadcast messages from the test itself on the topic that both test and channel are subscribed to, triggering handle_out/3 on the channel:
broadcast_from(socket, "my_event", %{"some" => "data"})
Note only broadcast_from/3 and broadcast_from!/3 are available in tests to avoid broadcast messages to be resent to the test process.
While the functions above are pushing data to the channel (server) we can use assert_push/3 to verify the channel pushed a message to the client:
assert_push "my_event", %{"some" => "data"}
Or even assert something was broadcast into pubsub:
assert_broadcast "my_event", %{"some" => "data"}
Finally, every time a message is pushed to the channel, a reference is returned. We can use this reference to assert a particular reply was sent from the server:
ref = push(socket, "counter", %{})
assert_reply ref, :ok, %{"counter" => 1}
Checking side-effects
Often one may want to do side-effects inside channels, like writing to the database, and verify those side-effects during their tests.
Imagine the following handle_in/3 inside a channel:
def handle_in("publish", %{"id" => id}, socket) do
Repo.get!(Post, id) |> Post.publish() |> Repo.update!()
{:noreply, socket}
end
Because the whole communication is asynchronous, the following test would be very brittle:
push(socket, "publish", %{"id" => 3})
assert Repo.get_by(Post, id: 3, published: true)
The issue is that we have no guarantees the channel has done processing our message after calling push/3. The best solution is to assert the channel sent us a reply before doing any other assertion. First change the channel to send replies:
def handle_in("publish", %{"id" => id}, socket) do
Repo.get!(Post, id) |> Post.publish() |> Repo.update!()
{:reply, :ok, socket}
end
Then expect them in the test:
ref = push(socket, "publish", %{"id" => 3})
assert_reply ref, :ok
assert Repo.get_by(Post, id: 3, published: true)
Leave and close
This module also provides functions to simulate leaving and closing a channel. Once you leave or close a channel, because the channel is linked to the test process on join, it will crash the test process:
leave(socket)
** (EXIT from #PID<...>) {:shutdown, :leave}
You can avoid this by unlinking the channel process in the test:
Process.unlink(socket.channel_pid)
Notice leave/1 is async, so it will also return a reference which you can use to check for a reply:
ref = leave(socket)
assert_reply ref, :ok
On the other hand, close is always sync and it will return only after the channel process is guaranteed to have been terminated:
:ok = close(socket)
This mimics the behaviour existing in clients.
To assert that your channel closes or errors asynchronously, you can monitor the channel process with the tools provided by Elixir, and wait for the :DOWN message. Imagine an implementation of the handle_info/2 function that closes the channel when it receives :some_message:
def handle_info(:some_message, socket) do
{:stop, :normal, socket}
end
In your test, you can assert that the close happened by:
Process.monitor(socket.channel_pid)
send(socket.channel_pid, :some_message)
assert_receive {:DOWN, _, _, _, :normal}
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Asserts the channel has pushed a message back to the client with the given event and payload within timeout
Same as broadcast_from/3, but raises if broadcast fails
Broadcast event from pid to all subscribers of the socket topic
Emulates the client closing the socket
Initiates a transport connection for the socket handler
Joins the channel under the given topic and payload
Emulates the client leaving the channel
Pushes a message into the channel
Asserts the channel has not pushed a message to the client matching the given event and payload within timeout
Builds a socket for the given socket_module
Builds a socket for the given socket_module with given id and assigns
Same as subscribe_and_join/4, but returns either the socket or throws an error
Subscribes to the given topic and joins the channel under the given topic and payload
Link to this section Functions
Link to this macro assert_broadcast(event, payload, timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :assert_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has broadcast a message within timeout.
Before asserting anything was broadcast, we must first subscribe to the topic of the channel in the test process:
@endpoint.subscribe("foo:ok")
Now we can match on event and payload as patterns:
assert_broadcast "some_event", %{"data" => _}
In the assertion above, we don’t particularly care about the data being sent, as long as something was sent.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :assert_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms).
Link to this macro assert_push(event, payload, timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :assert_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has pushed a message back to the client with the given event and payload within timeout.
Notice event and payload are patterns. This means one can write:
assert_push "some_event", %{"data" => _}
In the assertion above, we don’t particularly care about the data being sent, as long as something was sent.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :assert_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms).
NOTE: Because event and payload are patterns, they will be matched. This means that if you wish to assert that the received payload is equivalent to an existing variable, you need to pin the variable in the assertion expression.
Good:
expected_payload = %{foo: "bar"}
assert_push "some_event", ^expected_payload
Bad:
expected_payload = %{foo: "bar"}
assert_push "some_event", expected_payload
# The code above does not assert the payload matches the described map.
Link to this macro assert_reply(ref, status, payload \\ Macro.escape(%{}), timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :assert_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has replied to the given message within timeout.
Notice status and payload are patterns. This means one can write:
ref = push(channel, "some_event")
assert_reply ref, :ok, %{"data" => _}
In the assertion above, we don’t particularly care about the data being sent, as long as something was replied.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :assert_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms).
Link to this function broadcast_from!(socket, event, message) View Source
Same as broadcast_from/3, but raises if broadcast fails.
Link to this function broadcast_from(socket, event, message) View Source
Broadcast event from pid to all subscribers of the socket topic.
The test process will not receive the published message. This triggers the handle_out/3 callback in the channel.
Examples
iex> broadcast_from(socket, "new_message", %{id: 1, content: "hello"})
:ok
Link to this function close(socket, timeout \\ 5000) View Source
Emulates the client closing the socket.
Closing socket is synchronous and has a default timeout of 5000 milliseconds.
Link to this macro connect(handler, params, connect_info \\ quote() do %{} end) View Source (macro)
Initiates a transport connection for the socket handler.
Useful for testing UserSocket authentication. Returns the result of the handler’s connect/3 callback.
Link to this function join(socket, topic, payload) View Source
See join/4.
Link to this function join(socket, channel, topic, payload \\ %{}) View Source
Joins the channel under the given topic and payload.
The given channel is joined in a separate process which is linked to the test process.
It returns {:ok, reply, socket} or {:error, reply}.
Emulates the client leaving the channel.
Link to this function push(socket, event, payload \\ %{}) View Source
push(Phoenix.Socket.t(), String.t(), map()) :: reference()
Pushes a message into the channel.
The triggers the handle_in/3 callback in the channel.
Examples
iex> push(socket, "new_message", %{id: 1, content: "hello"})
reference
Link to this macro refute_broadcast(event, payload, timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :refute_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has not broadcast a message within timeout.
Like assert_broadcast, the event and payload are patterns.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :refute_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms). Keep in mind this macro will block the test by the timeout value, so use it only when necessary as overuse will certainly slow down your test suite.
Link to this macro refute_push(event, payload, timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :refute_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has not pushed a message to the client matching the given event and payload within timeout.
Like assert_push, the event and payload are patterns.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :refute_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms). Keep in mind this macro will block the test by the timeout value, so use it only when necessary as overuse will certainly slow down your test suite.
Link to this macro refute_reply(ref, status, payload \\ Macro.escape(%{}), timeout \\ Application.fetch_env!(:ex_unit, :refute_receive_timeout)) View Source (macro)
Asserts the channel has not replied with a matching payload within timeout.
Like assert_reply, the event and payload are patterns.
The timeout is in milliseconds and defaults to the :refute_receive_timeout set on the :ex_unit application (which defaults to 100ms). Keep in mind this macro will block the test by the timeout value, so use it only when necessary as overuse will certainly slow down your test suite.
Link to this macro socket(socket_module) View Source (macro)
Builds a socket for the given socket_module.
The socket is then used to subscribe and join channels. Use this function when you want to create a blank socket to pass to functions like UserSocket.connect/3.
Otherwise, use socket/3 if you want to build a socket with existing id and assigns.
Examples
socket(MyApp.UserSocket)
Link to this macro socket(socket_module, socket_id, socket_assigns) View Source (macro)
Builds a socket for the given socket_module with given id and assigns.
Examples
socket(MyApp.UserSocket, "user_id", %{some: :assign})
Link to this function subscribe_and_join!(socket, topic) View Source
See subscribe_and_join!/4.
Link to this function subscribe_and_join!(socket, topic, payload) View Source
See subscribe_and_join!/4.
Link to this function subscribe_and_join!(socket, channel, topic, payload \\ %{}) View Source
Same as subscribe_and_join/4, but returns either the socket or throws an error.
This is helpful when you are not testing joining the channel and just need the socket.
Link to this function subscribe_and_join(socket, topic) View Source
See subscribe_and_join/4.
Link to this function subscribe_and_join(socket, topic, payload) View Source
See subscribe_and_join/4.
Link to this function subscribe_and_join(socket, channel, topic, payload \\ %{}) View Source
Subscribes to the given topic and joins the channel under the given topic and payload.
By subscribing to the topic, we can use assert_broadcast/3 to verify a message has been sent through the pubsub layer.
By joining the channel, we can interact with it directly. The given channel is joined in a separate process which is linked to the test process.
If no channel module is provided, the socket’s handler is used to lookup the matching channel for the given topic.
It returns {:ok, reply, socket} or {:error, reply}. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Château de Chabannes
Château de Chabannes was an orphanage in the village of Chabannes (part of today's Saint-Pierre-de-Fursac) in Vichy France where about 400 Jewish refugee children were saved from the Holocaust by efforts of its director, Félix Chevrier and other teachers. It was operated by Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) from 1940 to 1943.
It is the subject of a 1999 documentary, The Children of Chabannes, by filmmakers Lisa Gossels (whose father and uncle were among the survivors) and Dean Wetherell. | WIKI |
Page:Life of John Boyle O'Reilly.djvu/259
Rh only reply from Sir William Vernon Harcourt, "The Queen will not accord a full pardon to Michael Davitt."
The following July Mr. Gladstone carried his warfare on the Irish members to the extent of expelling Mr. Parnell and twenty-three others from the House of Commons, because they had "obstructed" the passage of his Coercion bill. The act was prearranged and the victims singled out. One of them at least, Mr. O'Donnell, had been absent from the House all night, and was therefore absolutely innocent of the alleged offense. Sir Lyon Playfair, when challenged to show in what way Mr. Parnell had obstructed the proceedings, said: "I admit, Mr. Parnell, that you have not obstructed the bill, or spoken much during its progress, but you belong to the party; I have therefore considered myself entitled to include you in the suspension." The Coercion bill was one of the most atrocious ever passed, even by the English Parliament; one of its clauses gave power to a judge, without a jury, to pass sentence of death on any person or persons for writing or speaking what he (the judge) might be pleased to consider treason. Mr. Gladstone sought to have some slight modification incorporated in the bill, but the Tories united with the English Whigs in defeating him. O'Reilly placed the responsibility where it belonged, when he wrote:
There will be a day of reckoning for this, and when it comes England shall vainly invoke the pity she so ruthlessly denies her victims now in the insolence of her power. Coercion will fail as it has failed before, but the spirit that dictated it will be remembered; for it is the voice of England, not of this or that party; or, to speak more accurately, it is the voice of England's rulers.
The English may be misled by their rulers in this matter, for to-day it is the peasantry of Ireland who are to be dragooned into silence. To-morrow it may be those of England or Scotland. Always it is the people who must be kept in their place, that their "betters" may be left in luxury and idleness. God speed the day when the people shall know and take their true place! That day will come all the sooner when Englishmen and Scotchmen learn that the cause of Ireland is their cause.
On July 20 the cause of Irish patriotism lost as devoted | WIKI |
Willibrordus Pouw
Willibrordus Pouw (8 January 1903 – 16 February 1986) was a Dutch gymnast. He competed in seven events at the 1928 Summer Olympics. | WIKI |
5 Beginners Exercise For Toning Inner Thighs While Sitting Down
One of the most difficult areas, often known as the trouble spots are the inner thighs of an individual which need good focus to workout. Beginners, specially have the primary objective of losing fat and toning their inner thigh muscles, when they join the gym. If you are among those who tend to get tired quickly or those who are not comfortable for too much strenuous workouts, can start toning their inner thigh muscles while sitting down. These exercises can be done at home, from your desk and at anytime when you feel like working out your muscles. These are easy and can help in toning your muscles in a short time. Your thighs shall be completely toned and balanced.
Here Are 5 Beginners Exercises For Toning Inner Thighs While Sitting Down:
1. Crossed Legged Extension:
This is a beneficial exercise which targets many muscles as you workout which includes your arms, thighs and abs along with the thigh muscles. Start the workout by sitting comfortably in a chair. Your core has to be engaged and your back will be straight. You will hold on to the seat of your chair lightly for additional support. Now, slowly cross a leg over your other leg, just at your ankles. You will then exhale and slowly extend the bottom leg till it is parallel and straight to ground. You need to repeat five times, each of lifting and also lowering. You can hold the top for at least 6-8 seconds. You will again straighten your legs and lower them to ground level. Pause for sometime and then again re-cross using the other leg on top. You will repeat the workout with your opposite leg.
Crossed Legged Extension
2. Ball Squeezing:
This is a fun exercise and beginners simply love the workout. You need a stability bal for the purpose. In case you do not have one, you can also use a folded towel for the purpose. Sit down at the edge of your chair, as you start working out. You need to place this ball just between your knees. Now, you need to squeeze the knees and push as much as you are able to. You will keep your back straight. Hold on to this position for at least 10 seconds and then you can relax your legs. You need to repeat the workout at least 10 times.
Ball Squeezing
3. Thigh Adduction:
This workout is especially suitable for those who have flabby inner thighs. The movement helps in improving circulation and toning the muscles. Start the workout by sitting in the chair. Keep your knees a bit bent. Your feet will be flat in a comfortable position. Start the workout, as your knees are placed hip distance apart. Your palms shall be placed just on the inside of knees. You need to slowly press your knees together as you slowly press with your hands in an outward movement. This shall add good resistance to your workout. As you find your hands are touching, you can get back to the start position. You need to repeat at least 15 times as you start the workout.
Thigh Adduction
4. Leg Circles:
These are quite popular among the beginners and specially those who wish to workout as they sit down or from their office. You will start the workout by sitting comfortably just at the edge of your chair. Keep your left leg bent. Your foot shall be completely flat on ground. Now, hold on the edge of this chair and try to stabilize the torso. Now, slowly extend the right leg and move it up. This shall make it completely horizontal with floor. You can again move your body a bit back. Now, quickly move your right leg in a good circular motion. It shall move in a clockward direction. You will be completing 10 circles. You can switch directions and then complete at least 10 repetitions. Now, quickly switch your legs and do the same movement.
Leg Circles
5. Static Stretches:
This stretch helps in improving flexibility and helps in building stability of inner thigh muscles. To do this workout, you will sit just at the edge of the bench. You can spread your legs and bend the knees just at right angle. You need to widen the legs as much as you can. Keep your legs flat on bench. They should be in alignment with your knees. You can again bend a bit forward from your waist. Your upper arms shall be on the thighs. Now, push the legs wide. You can lean forward and feel a good stretch. You need to perform this stretch 8-10 times as you start working out. In case you feel a bit uncomfortable, you can do the workout later on.
Static Stretches | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Beat Persuasion
The result was delete. — Aitias // discussion 02:33, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
Beat Persuasion
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Nominated for speedy. Subject seemed to have some claim to notability due to namedropping of various notable artists that have articles. No vote. Ryan Delaney talk 10:04, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
* Comment Even if the article survives AfD, it will need cleanup to meet Wikipedia standards.-- The Legendary Sky Attacker 10:20, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
* The reason that this page SHOULD NOT be deleted is simple. This band that I enjoy, with a producer, ZAK BANEY, that already has a Wikipedia page and a history of creating "new styles of music" such as Acid Breaks (also in Wikipedia) has created a "whole nes genre of music, Electro Nu Wave Disco"... this seems important to me and to musician and music fans everywhere, especially considering everything the two people in the band have accomplished already in the world of my pusic. All of it is true and irrefutable. If indeed the band should break up and the new genre they are persuing is prooved to be "irrevelent" then history shall be that judge, not a person with a program that simply searches out any page that has the name BAND on it. Thank you and please reconsider. Scotchontherocks (talk) 08:41, 23 May 2009 (UTC) Comment copied from article talk page
* Your arguments would be more persuasive if they referred to Wikipedia guidelines on notability for inclusion in the encyclopedia. Drawn Some (talk) 13:44, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
* Lack of no news coverage had me tagging this one with a speedy tag. Delete unless completely-rewritten. Alexius08 (talk) 16:19, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
* Delete - no coverage in reliable sources to establish notability -- Whpq (talk) 19:44, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
* Delete No reason to believe subject is notable. Enjoyment and producer are not relevant. Johnuniq (talk) 01:39, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Photetched Microelectronic Lead Frames and Lids
0
397
Microelectronics is just too indispensable, this is due to the fact that, you will definitely find semiconductor chips in almost every electronic component you see around. Semiconductor chips have epitomised the revolution that is sweeping through the tech world especially when you consider the CPU chips that are available these days. These chips made up of over two billion transistors that are packed onto a die that is about 1-inch square.
However, the chip can be connected to the outside world by means of photo etching the metal contact device. The leadframe is an important part of the chip, it’s the lattice of conductive material, which is normally made of copper, and to which the semiconductor die is bonded. The leadframe is responsible for the delivery of multiple interconnect points to the die. Note that, automated wire bonding machines are used to make the physical connections.
Normally leadframes are produced from a metal whose thickness is not more than .010” and doesn’t also have components that wider than its thickness. However note that when you consider making parts that are free of burrs and distortion the ideal solution will always be the photo etching.
Etched microelectronics leadframes
Usually etched microelectronics leadframes include simple DIP to complex and fragile high density QFN that are made from a copper alloy that is extremely active like the C194.
Note that when it comes to microelectronics leadframes, there are many brands on the market. Choose the one that consists of sets of nickel-iron-cobalt alloys, which are commonly known as “glass-to-metal sealing” alloys.
How to Choose a Photo Chemical Machining Supplier
Choosing a supplier for photo chemical machining is not as easy as getting machine shops or sheet metal fabricators. This is due to the fact that, there are few numbers of machine shops in that part of the world, unlike shop metal fabricators.
When contacting a supplier one has to lay good emphasis on the suppliers’ environmental compliance, quality, and service, safety, waste treatment programs and not also forgetting the equipment replacement cycles.
Since environmental compliance is usually a state-level activity that governs liquid and solid waste products, you have to ensure that the supplier is certified by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It shouldn’t just stop there, but it also should be confirmed that the suppliers’ facility is regularly evaluated by environmental consultants to ensure that the expected compliance procedures are being accurately and consistently followed. These procedures should include, training on compliance and safety for the company’s new staffs and also a mandatory yearly retraining for all production staffs.
In conclusion, it is strongly advised that, before making up your mind on a particular photo chemical machining supplier to use, ensure that you request and embark on an inspection of the suppliers’ plant, this will enable you make informed decisions about the supplier.
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Please enter your name here | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What Is A DNS Server And How It Works [Explained]
You should definitely know about certain aspects when you register for a domain name and start working to build an online presence for your business. The Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the primary factors that require vivid insight.
It performs as a valuable part of the internet. The human-friendly names are translated into machine-readable addresses to help you secure an online platform. The domain names are processed, managed and maintained by the DNS.
If you need enough information regarding this domain then here, we will help you know what is a DNS server and how it works.
DNS Server
DNS tries to locate and present the websites to the users’ private network that they were looking for. The service accessible across the internet is hosted by a DNS server.
A DNS server stores domain names, network names, internet hosts, DNS records and other information related to it, as a database. Translating the domain name into the respective IP address is the most important function of a DNS server.
DNS searches the records after receiving a query for domain name resolution and reverts back after finding it. If it fails to find any record, it passes the query to other DNS servers until the doubt is settled.
In a hierarchy consisting of a number of DNS servers, the DNS works as a distributary system. A computer that registers to join the DNS is called a DNS server. When the web browser gets a domain name that a user has entered, the browser seeks the IP address from the DNS server for the domain.
DNS Servers’ Purpose
It is easy to remember the name of a website instead of its IP address. As an example, anyone can remember Google.com. However, remembering the IP address is difficult. But if you consider computers and networks, then it is exactly the opposite. You can search any website easily using its IP address because locating a website through its domain name is pretty tough.
If DNS never existed then users would have to remember all the IP addresses of the sites they want to visit. Now, you can easily find any website by searching for its domain name. When any web site’s IP address changes without any particular reason, DNS connects the new IP address to the domain name. Thus, you do not have to face any trouble in the near future.
DNS System
For internet registered systems, many DNS server supply resolutions to IP address mapping, it is called Domain Server System. There are a number of organizations from the United States, who own and manage the root (main) DNS servers.
Other companies connect their DNS servers to the main servers in a hierarchical organization and supply a distributed system. To use the internet you do not have to create DNS records or manage a DNS server.
Accessing the DNS server is the ultimate necessity, which you have to do using the IP address that your internet provider grants. Most of the systems can acquire the DNS server IP address automatically.
DNS Root Servers
The DNS system is located under the umbrella named DNS Root server. In the whole world, as a matter of fact, 13 DNS root servers are there. All the domain names and their associated IP addresses’ complete database is stored in those 13 DNS root servers.
If there is no server whose IP address matches a DNS request, it will reach the DNS root server. The Names of these DNS servers are the first 13 letters of the alphabet. There are 10 servers in the US. One in Stockholm, one in Japan and the last one in London.
Primary and Secondary DNS Servers
On your computer or router, a primary and a secondary server is built, as soon as you connect your device to the internet service provider. The prime reason behind their existence of the two DNS servers is that if one breaks down another will work to resolve the domain name you are searching for.
Nathaniel Villa
Nathaniel Villa | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Hans Wilhelm König
Not Notable?
SS doctor, associate of Josef Mengele, participant in human experimentation at Auschwitz. Not notable? Don 't see how that can be. -OberRanks (talk) 18:39, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
Between 1962 and 1988?
The article does not specify why he would have died in 1988 at the latest. Someone born in 1912 could have conceivably been alive in the '90s and '00s. KarstenO (talk) 12:27, 27 June 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
c++ - remove - visual studio include external files
How do files get into the External Dependencies in MSVC++2010? (1)
I wonder why one of my projects has VDSERR.h listed under "External Dependencies" and another hasn't and gives me an "undefined symbol" compiler error about a symbol which is defined in there. How can I include this file in the other project as well? (Probably by drag&drop, but I'd like to know the exact setting here.)
The External Dependencies folder is populated by IntelliSense: the contents of the folder do not affect the build at all (you can in fact disable the folder in the UI).
You need to actually include the header (using a #include directive) to use it. Depending on what that header is, you may also need to add its containing folder to the "Additional Include Directories" property and you may need to add additional libraries and library folders to the linker options; you can set all of these in the project properties (right click the project, select Properties). You should compare the properties with those of the project that does build to determine what you need to add.
external-dependencies | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
November 10, 2022 5 min read
4 Breathing Exercises To Help With Anxiety
Breathing is an involuntary action that supplies our bodies with fresh oxygen and flushes out carbon dioxide.
We often pay very little attention to this automatic process. But it can also be controlled voluntarily to help regulate our mood and emotions, via a 2020 review in Medicines (Basel). Improper breathing, on the other hand, can throw our bodies off balance in all kinds of ways, according to PainScience.com. It can cause and exacerbate stress, headaches, body pain, and various emotional issues.
There are many powerful breathing exercises that can be used to help release tension stored in the body (via a 2018 paper in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience). Breathing activates your vagus nerve, which plays a key role in regulating your parasympathetic nervous system. This slows down bodily functions like heart rate and circulation. Taking deeper, more intentional breaths, in particular, can dial down anxiety by stimulating vagal activation of GABA pathways in the brain (per Medicines (Basel).
Here are some science-backed breathing exercises that can help prevent and fend off anxiety.
The effects of shallow breathing
Most of us have been conditioned to take shallow breaths, or to breathe with our upper chest (via Headspace). We tend to inhale quickly through the mouth, take in a small amount of air, and hold our breath without realizing. But we weren't born to breathe this way –- we develop this habit over time. Proper breathing, on the other hand, should be deep, expanding the belly and filling the lungs.
We may not realize it, but shallow breathing keeps us locked in a cycle of anxiety. Our body's built-in fight-or-flight system means that we're designed to take quick, small breaths when we're feeling stressed out: Our muscles tighten and our heartbeat quickens, priming us for action. This naturally causes us to hold our breath. By the same token, shallow breathing induces feelings of stress, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your brain.
Shallow breathing has a number of negative physiological and psychological effects, per an article in the Journal of Neuroscience. It can cause panic attacks, impair your memory, and slow down your cognitive processes. Research shows that it brings down the number of lymphocytes in your body (via Headspace). This is a type of white blood cell that helps your immune system fight infections and viruses. In other words, people who take short, superficial breaths might be more vulnerable to diseases than those who breathe deeply.
Slow breathing
There are many different forms of slow breathing exercises, all of which have the potential to reduce stress and anxiety by acting on the autonomic nervous system (via a 2017 article in Breathe). When breathing normally, humans generally take between 10 and 20 breaths per minute. A slow breathing technique is defined as any exercise that lowers your breathing rate to somewhere between four and 10 breaths a minute.
There are lots of positive psychophysiological effects of slow breathing, according to research published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Slowing down your breath is a very simple way to change gears and shift your body and mind into a deeply relaxed state. There's evidence that slow, deep breathing can help lift stress and anxiety in older adults, making way for more peaceful aging (via Scientific Reports). From a biological standpoint, drawing a protracted breath sends a signal to your brain that you're safe. Your pulse slows down and your heart beat decelerates, making you feel more at ease.
Diaphragmatic breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing, sometimes called abdominal breathing, is a popular technique that's known for its anxiety-relieving effects, per an article in Medicines (Basel). It's been used to improve the respiratory capacities of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition in which air gets trapped in the lungs, causing diaphragm muscle weakness. It involves taking slow, deep breaths through the nose, both inhaling and exhaling for six seconds. Your chest should remain still while your stomach expands as you actively engage the diaphragm.
Each time you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and moves down toward your abdomen, per Harvard Health Publishing. And with every exhalation, it relaxes and moves upward, helping your abdomen to push air out of the lungs. This type of breathing allows for an efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. It stimulates parasympathetic nervous system activity, slowing down your heart beat and lowering or stabilizing your blood pressure.
A study published in Perspectives in Psychiatric Care found that diaphragmatic breathing, when practiced over 8 weeks, helped bring down anxiety in patients in clinical and community settings. Although more research is needed, some studies suggest that diaphragmatic breathing can also treat stress, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, hypertension, and migraines, as well as improving quality of life in people with cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Breathing from the diaphragm may be beneficial for the brain, as well as the body's cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems.
Yogic breathing
Yogic breathing, also known as Pranayama, is one of the main components of yoga, according to an article in Frontiers in Psychology. The ancient yogis of India discovered that controlling the breath could induce profound relaxation. Over the years, researchers have found that yogic breathing has various mental and physical health benefits, including getting rid of anxiety, tension, and anger.
Most pranayamic breathing techniques reset the autonomic nervous system, shifting it toward parasympathetic dominance, notes a 2020 study published in the International Journal of Yoga. In other words, they slow down your heart rate and lower your blood pressure. This can help regulate physiological arousal and stress, producing feelings of calmness and alertness.
Research shows that both fast and slow pranayama can alleviate stress, even though they may create different physiological responses (via International Journal of Yoga). Pranava is a type of slow pranayama that involves taking deep and rhythmic breaths. Practitioners are instructed to exhale two or three times longer than they inhale, while making the sounds AAA, UUU and MMM. And then there's Kapalabhati Pranayama, which is an energizing technique. With this technique, you're instructed to stick out your tongue and pant like a dog while sitting on the ground with your palms down and fingers pointed forward. You breathe in and out rapidly for 10 to 15 rounds, and this is repeated for three cycles.
4-7-8 breathing
Based on ancient yogic breathing practices, 4-7-8 breathing was designed to soothe the body and mind (via research published in the International Journal of Health Sciences and Research). This potent technique has been shown to promote relaxation and curtail anxiety. It has sleep-inducing effects and could be used as a natural alternative to sleep medications to help lull you into slumber, per the Alaska Sleep Clinic.
You can practice this technique while lying down, but it's best to learn it in a seated position with your back straight, notes DrWeil.com. Start by placing the tip of your tongue behind your upper front teeth, and keep it there for the duration of the exercise. Exhale through your mouth around your tongue, making a "whoosh" sound as you empty your lungs. Then inhale through your nose for four counts. Hold your breath for seven counts. Then, breathe out through your mouth again (and around your tongue) for eight counts. You can repeat this pattern three times.
The 4-7-8 breathing method helps calm down your whole system by increasing the relaxing neurotransmitter GABA in your brain (via the International Journal of Health Sciences and Research). This, in turn, reduces cortisol, your body's primary stress hormone. A slow, prolonged exhalation also helps saturate the blood with oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide from the lungs than normal.
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Silver Weekly Price Forecast – Silver Shows Signs of Stability
FXEmpire.com -
Silver Price Forecast Video for 21.08.23
Silver Weekly Technical Analysis
Silver has gone back and forth during the course of the week, showing signs of hesitation. We are currently parked just above the 61.8% Fibonacci level, suggesting that we could see a little bit of support here from technical traders. Furthermore, there is also the 200-Week EMA sitting just below, and that will attract a certain amount of support as well. At this point, if we can break above the top of the weekly candlestick, I believe that thesilver marketwill try to go back toward the top of what could be the current trading range, allowing it to go to the $25.50 level.
Alternatively, if we break down below the $22 level it would be a very bad sign for thesilver market opening up a move down to the $20 level. I don’t necessarily think that’s to be expected easily, but it is something to keep in the back of your mind. If we break down below $22 in this market, I will not hesitate to start shorting again. With that being said, I think this is a market that is still stuck in a range and is very much held hostage to what’s going on in the bond market, which of course has a major influence on what happens with the US dollar.
Keep all of this in mind, and recognize that we have a bit of a “binary trade” brewing here, as trading on either side of this candlestick makes quite a bit of sense and I do think a lot of technical traders will be paying attention to those levels.
For a look at all of today’s economic events, check out our economic calendar.
This article was originally posted on FX Empire
More From FXEMPIRE:
GBP to USD Forecast: British Pound Reflects UK Housing Woes and Jobs Market Tension
Dax Index: ECB Chief Economist Brings Comfort but DAX Market Remains Wary of China
Rare Signal Points to More Upside for Energy Stocks
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Immunofluorescence in Microscopy
Applications, Direct and Indirect Methods
Immunofluorescence is a common technique using a fluorescence microscope in labs/institutions that perform biological studies, as it allows scientists to easily identify and differentiate between the antibodies and antigens present in a tissue sample.
This method of study focuses on the immune response that occurs within a diseased tissue or its cells, a behavior researchers can observe after they apply a fluorescent stain either directly or indirectly to the specimen.
In studying these cells and their reactions, scientists are able to determine which specific proteins protect the body against those particular foreigners that invade it with the intent of causing sickness or in some cases, death.
Applications
Scientists can use the immunofluorescence technique to perform a variety of lab tests and observations, each of which provides a fresh perspective for the sample currently undergoing analysis.
For instance, a researcher may opt to use this testing method to examine tissue samples and beads, detect particular proteins using microarrays, or they might choose to evaluate cultured cells, as well as those in suspension.
An observer can apply this technique to samples that are fixed or fresh, thus providing more opportunity for diverse analysis and accurate results.
A researcher may also choose to apply this technique when studying DNA sequences on chromosomes, as these particles are extremely small and hard to detect. Obtaining spatial data concerning tissue or cell genetics is another way to use immunofluorescence, as is the observation of parasites and bacteria.
The deeper layers of a cell or tissue, along with the antigens that infect these layers, is another area that scientists can study using this staining method.
Immunofluorescence: Rockland-inc.com
Image from Rockland-Inc.com
Global leader in development of products for biotechnical research -
Purpose
The reason scientists use immunofluorescence in lab studies is because it uses fluorescent dyes that attract and bind to specific antibodies made by the immune system when it is under attack by a particular antigen.
The newly made antibody attaches to the antigen, either directly or indirectly, allowing scientists to observe the foreign invader, its behavior and the reaction given by the antibody.
A researcher can then use a confocal or fluorescence microscope to study the now colorful antibody-antigen pair and they can also obtain a count of the specimens in their sample by using other tools such as an array scanner, flow cytometer or an automated imaging instrument.
A Direct Approach
Researchers tend to use direct immunofluorescence less often than the indirect method because the former involves the direct staining of the specific antibody that attaches to the specific antigen that the scientist wants to observe.
It also is a less advantageous method, as it provides a high cost, little flexibility and a poor signal. On the plus side, this technique does offer timesaving advantages, such as simplicity in the labeling processes and less waiting when applying and drying stains.
Indirectly
It is not too often that an indirect approach is the better choice, but when it comes to immunofluorescence, it is the clear winner.
A complex method that requires a secondary antibody, known as an anti-immunoglobulin antibody, receives the fluorescent dye as opposed to the primary antibody, or the one that binds to the particular antigen of interest.
This process is highly sensitive but produces better results than the direct staining method, as it enhances the image observed by the scientist.
By staining the secondary antibody, many of which can attach to a single primary antibody, the observer can see a fluorescent image of the specimen that looks more like a firework display than a faint flickering of a single candle.
In addition to providing a top-notch image, indirect staining also tends to be less expensive than the direct method, offers better quality control and the researcher can purchase the antibodies in a variety of colors.
However, like anything else, this method does have its disadvantages, such as incompatibility or a poor reaction between the secondary and primary antibodies or the antigen.
Tests requiring multiple samples and labels often become laborious and time-consuming, as the researcher may need to acquire different isotopes or primary antibodies raised from a different species to help avoid cross-reactions and obtain the most accurate results.
Staining
The type of stain you use, known generally as a fluorochrome, and whether or not you apply a mordant or deionizer, all depends on the specimen undergoing the analysis.
In immunofluorescence, your stain is always going to be one that is fluorescent, like tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).
For high levels of fluorescence, a researcher may opt to adhere the sample to the slide with gluteraldehyde, though making a sample too bright is not always good.
To reduce the level of brightness, the scientist can, prior to incubation, rinse the sample with 0.1 percent of sodium borohydride in a phosphate-buffered saline.
Another problem scientists can run into when preparing samples with immunofluorescence stains is that they can overlap, thus making it hard to read the results or providing false data. To correct this problem, the scientist needs to electronically remove the dyed specimens that crossed-over using computerized tools.
Photobleaching, or the destruction of the fluorochrome, can prove to be another obstacle when conducting immunofluorescence, as the loss of color, and even degradation in part or in whole of the specimen, forces the scientist to re-start the entire experiment.
To obtain the best results, a scientist should try to use a fluorochrome that provides a bright image and comes out clear in photos.
It should also be one that a fluorescence detection instrument can measure when the absorption levels reach their peak and it should be resilient to alterations that can occur within the test environment or when adhering to the antibody.
Immunofluorescence is not the most complex of microbiological methods, but it is still very useful when conducting a variety of studies and it is a good point at which to start.
By simply, and accurately, adding the correct dye to the right protein, the specimen undergoing analysis lights up like a star in the night sky, giving the observer a crystal clear view of the sample's occupants and activities.
The ability to differentiate between those proteins that protect the body and those that seek to destroy it is crucial to creating new medicines, developing treatment plans and saving lives.
Related Articles: Understanding the Green Fluorescent Protein and Total Internal Reflection - Definitions, Applications and Uses in Microscopy (TIRF)
More on Histochemistry - Techniques/Methods, Staining and Tests
Return from Immunofluorescence to Fluorescence Microscope
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Page:Progress and poverty - an inquiry into the cause of industrial depressions, and of increase of want with increase of wealth - the remedy (IA progresspovertyi00georiala).pdf/148
122 Is not the gulf too wide for the analogy to span? Give more food, open fuller conditions of life, and the vegetable or animal can but multiply; the man will develope. In the one the expansive force can but extend existence in new numbers; in the other, it will inevitably tend to extend existence in higher forms and wider powers. Man is an animal; but he is an animal plus something else. He is the mythic earth tree, whose roots are in the ground, but whose topmost branches may blossom in the heavens!
Whichever way it be turned, the reasoning by which this theory of the constant tendency of population to press against the limits of subsistence is supported shows an unwarranted assumption, an undistributed middle, as the logicians would say Factssay. Facts [sic] do not warrant it, analogy does not countenance it. It is a pure chimera of the imagination, such as those that for a long time prevented men from recognizing the rotundity and motion of the earth. It is just such a theory as that underneath us everything not fastened to the earth must fall off; as that a ball dropped from the mast of a ship in motion must fall behind the mast; as that a live fish placed in a vessel full of water will displace no water. It is as unfounded, if not as grotesque, as an assumption we can imagine Adam might have made had he been of an arithmetical turn of mind and figured on the growth of his first baby from the rate of its early months. From the fact that at birth it weighed ten pounds and in eight months thereafter twenty pounds, he might, with the arithmetical knowlege which some sages have supposed him to possess, have cyphered out a result quite as striking as that of Mr. Malthus; namely, that by the time it got to be ten years old it would be as heavy as an ox, at twelve as heavy as an elephant, and at thirty would weigh no less than 175,716,339,548 tons.
The fact is, there is no more reason for us to trouble ourselves about the pressure of population upon subsistence than there was for Adam to worry himself about the rapid growth of his baby. So far as an inference is really warranted by facts and suggested by analogy, it is that the law | WIKI |
Page:Fantastic Volume 08 Number 01.djvu/51
usual, by her internal troubles. Africa has been kept backward. Australia is the center of the surviving British, and may one day become an important nation—but it will take time. South America, however, is intact, and looks to me to be the natural focus of world power in the immediate future; and that means either Brazil, or the Argentine. I should be very much surprised indeed if it were to turn out to be Argentina. So we shall go to Brazil."
To Brazil, then, he went, offering his technical knowledge. Almost immediately he was put in charge of the then rudimentary Space Division of the Brazilian Skyforce to organize the annexation of the battered Satellites, dispatch provision-missiles to the British Moon Station, and then to direct its relief, the rescue of its company—including his father—and its annexation, together with that of the entire Lunar Territory, to the Estados Unidos do Brasil.
The cost of this enterprise, particularly at such a time, was considerable, but it proved to be well justified. Prestige has varied sources. In spite of the fact that the Moon Stations and the Satellites had exerted an infinitesimal, and almost self-cancelling, effect upon the Northern War, the knowledge that they were now entirely in Brazilian hands—and perhaps the thought that whenever the moon rose one was being overlooked from Brazilian territory—undoubtedly made a useful contribution to the ascendancy of the Brasilieros at a time when the disordered remnant of the world was searching for a new center of gravity.
Once he had the space project well in hand, my grandfather, though not yet a Brazilian citizen, was given the leadership of a mission to British Guiana, where he pointed out the advantages that an amputated colony would derive from integration, on terms of full equality of citizenship, with a powerful neighbor. The ex-colony, already uneasily conscious of pressure on its western border from Venezuela, accepted the offer. A few months later, Surinam and French Guiana followed its example; and the Caribbean Federation signed a treaty of friendship with Brazil. In Venezuela, the government, bereft of North American support and markets, fell to a short, sharp revolution whose leaders also elected for integration with Brazil. Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru THE TROONS OF SPACE | WIKI |
Page:Bankers and Credit (1924).pdf/84
in Chapter I, the banks for their own safety maintained a certain proportion between their liabilities in the form of deposits and their holding of legal tender cash, plus "cash" at the Bank of England, which meant a credit in its books. Before the war legal tender cash could only be increased (apart from the inward and outward flow of the home circulation) by additions to the country's stock of gold. Cash at the Bank of England could be increased as fast as it chose to make loans and discount bills and this gave our system the necessary elasticity. The great expansion has already been shown (page 65) in the Bank of England's holding of securities and also in its deposits, by which its power to create credit was used for war purposes, and it was also shown that the figures did not do full justice to its achievement. The expansion in legal tender currency was as follows:— | WIKI |
Arthur Paish
Arthur Paish (5 April 1874 – 16 August 1948) was an English cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Gloucestershire for five seasons, as well as playing professionally for smaller clubs. Paish worked as groundsman and coach for Wagon Works for thirty years until his retirement in 1948.
Career
Born is Gloucester on 5 April 1874, Paish grew up in Cheltenham and by 1893 he was playing cricket and rugby for Cheltenham. In 1895, Paish became a professional cricket player for Monmouth before joining Clifton's club. In 1898, Paish started playing for Gloucestershire Cricket Club, where he became a first-class bowler. At his peak in 1899, he had the best bowling average in first-class cricket at 18.93, beating W. G. Grace into second place. He was chosen to play for England against Australia in 1899, but declined as he had committed to a county match against the Australian side and did not want them to get used to his bowling. Paish played for Gloucestershire for a total of five seasons, between 1898 and 1903.
Paish spent seven years as a sports coach for Downside College, before returning to cricket as the professional player for Gloucester City Cricket Club. At the end of World War I, Paish took a role as groundsman coach for Wagon Works, where he remained until his retirement in April 1948. He was presented with a cheque for £131 and the Wagon Works held a benefit match in his honour, raising a further £96. Paish died suddenly at his home on 16 August 1948. | WIKI |
Gandhari (Mahabharata)
Gandhari (गान्धारी, ) is a prominent figure in the Hindu epic the Mahabharata. She was the princess of the Gandhara Kingdom and wife of Dhritrashtra, the blind king of Kuru. In the epic, she is depicted with a blindfold, which she wore in order to live like her blind husband. Due to divine boons, she became the mother of a hundred sons, the Kauravas, who are the primary antagonists of the epic. She also had a daughter named Duhsala. Following the Kurukshetra War and the end of her hundred sons, Gandhari cursed Krishna, leading to the destruction of his Yadu Dynasty.
Early life and marriage
Gandhari was born to Subala and Sudharmaa of Gandhara. Gandhari is regarded as an incarnation of the goddess Mati. She was the sister of Shakuni.
As a maiden, she is said to have impressed Shiva through penance and received a boon to bear a hundred children. However, the reason for her penance and her receiving such boon is unknown. In alternate versions, she is said to have impressed Veda Vyasa with her gracious and generous nature.
One of the main reasons of Bhishma choosing Gandhari to be the elder daughter-in-law of the Kuru Kingdom is said to be this boon, which would put an end to his worry of the throne remaining vacant.
Gandhari's marriage was arranged with Dhritarashtra, the eldest prince of the Kuru kingdom. The Mahabharata depicted her as a devout woman, beautiful and virtuous. Their marriage was arranged by Bhishma. When she found out that her would-be husband was born blind, she decided to blindfold herself in order to emulate her husband's experiences. It is stated that the act of blindfolding herself was a sign of dedication and love. On the contrary, Irawati Karve, Devdutt Pattanaik and many modern scholars have debated that the act of blindfolding herself was an act of protest against Bhishma and the Kuru dynasty for having intimidated her father into giving her hand in marriage to the blind prince of Hastinapur.
The Mahabharata depicts her marriage as a major reason for the story's central conflict, since her brother Shakuni was furious to learn that her husband was blind. However in Vyasa's Mahabharata, there is no mention of Shakuni objecting to Gandhari's marriage with Dhritarashtra. As per the Adi Parva of the Mahabharata, Shakuni brought Gandhari to Hastinapura for marriage. Gandhari was welcomed by the Kuru elders and Shakuni gave many gifts to Hastinapura and returned to his kingdom.
Her husband Dhritarashtra was denied the throne because of his blindness, despite being the eldest son. The throne went to Pandu, his younger brother. After being cursed by Sage Kindama, Pandu renounced his kingdom in order to repent. With this turn of events, her husband was crowned King of Hastinapura and she became queen.
Pregnancy and birth of her children
Once, an exhausted Veda Vyasa came to Gandhari's palace. Vyasa was impressed by Gandhari's hospitality and gave her a boon which she desired that "she should have century of sons each equal unto her lord in strength and accomplishments". She became pregnant but carried the child for an unusually long period of two years. Later, when she heard that Kunti had given birth to the eldest of the Pandavas, she struck her stomach in frustration only to result in the birth of a "hard mass of flesh" like an "iron ball," not a child.
Just as the Kuru elders were about to discard the mass of flesh, Veda Vyasa arrived. Before Vyasa, she admitted her jealousy of Kunti and complained about the boon he had given her. Veda Vyasa assured her that he had never spoken "untruth" and ordered that a "hundred pots full of clarified butter be brought instantly, and let them be placed at a concealed spot. In the meantime, let cool water be sprinkled over this ball of flesh".
The lump of flesh was cut into one hundred parts, but when Gandhari revealed she wanted a daughter the mass was cut once more to make one hundred and one parts. Then, Vyasa "brought another pot full of clarified butter, and put the part intended for a daughter into it." These cuts of flesh, "sprinkled over with water," developed in the course of a month to become Gandhari's hundred sons and only daughter, Dushala, youngest of her children.
After the birth of her first son Duryodhana, many ill omens occurred: the child "began to cry and bray like an ass" and caused "violent winds" and "fires in various directions." A frightened Dhritarashtra summoned Vidura, Bhishma and other Kurus and countless Brahmanas regarding his firstborn's possibility of succession to the throne. Observing ill omens, Vidura and the brahmanas suggested the king forsake his first born since the child might cause destruction to the Kuru clan; out of paternal love for his firstborn he chose to ignore this advice.
Later life and death
After the Mahabharata War, Gandhari cursed Krishna that his clan, the Yadavas, would perish the way her children perished. Krishna accepted the curse and it came true 36 years after the war, when the Yadavas were drinking and enjoying life. They started teasing rishis, who cursed Krishna's son into birthing an iron club. The iron club was broken down, thrown in the ocean, but found its way back onto land and into the weapons that destroyed every member of the clan—including Krishna.
It is believed that Gandhari made a single purposeful exception to her blindfolded state, when she removed her blindfold to shield her eldest son Duryodhana. She poured all her power into her son's body in one glance, rendering Duryodhana's entire body, except his loins, as strong as a thunderbolt. Krishna foiled Gandhari's plan by asking Duryodhana to cover up his private parts before meeting his mother. On their decisive encounter on the eighteenth day of the Kurukshetra battle, Bhima smashed Duryodhana's thighs, a move both literally and figuratively below the belt. Despite its popularity the story is not mentioned in the original version of the Mahabharata written by Veda Vyasa. As per Vyasa's Mahabharata, Duryodhana, while fighting against Bhima, displayed his superior mace skills, due to which Bhima could not defeat him and had to break rules to kill him.
All of Gandhari's sons were killed in the war against their cousins, the Pandavas, at Kurukshetra, specifically at the hands of Bhima. Upon hearing the news, it is said that through a small gap in the blindfold, her gaze fell on Yudhishthira's toe. His clean toe was charred black due to her wrath and power. When she heard the news of the death of all the sons of Pandavas (Upapandavas), she embraced the Pandavas and consoled them for their loss. Later her wrath turned to Krishna for allowing all this destruction to happen. She cursed that he, his city and all his subjects would be destroyed. Krishna accepted the curse. Her curse took its course 36 years after the great war when Yadu dynasty perished after a fight broke out between Yadavas at a festival. Krishna ascended to his heavenly abode after living for 126 years. The golden city of Dvaraka drowned exactly seven days after his disappearance. Gandhari along with her husband Dhritarashtra, brother-in-law Vidura and sister-in-law Kunti, left Hastinapur about 15 years after the war to seek penance. She is said to have died in the Himalayas in a forest fire along with Dhritarastra, Vidura and Kunti and attained moksha.
Portrayal in the Mahabharata
The Mahabharata attributes high moral standards to Gandhari. Although her sons are portrayed as villains she repeatedly exhorted her sons to follow dharma and make peace with the Pandavas. Famously, when Duryodhana would ask for her blessing of victory during the Kurukshetra war, Gandhari would only say "may victory find the side of righteousness". Gandhari's major flaw was her love for her sons, especially her firstborn Duryodhana, which often blinded her to his menacing character.
Gandhari fostered a sisterly relationship with Kunti, often sharing her joy, anguish and anger with her. There is little information about her relationship with the Pandavas but it is hinted that she felt deep sympathy for their wife Draupadi. Throughout the happenings of the epic, Gandhari is portrayed to be composed and calm; however after losing all her sons, she is distraught and furious and blames Krishna for not using his divine powers to stop the war from happening.
Legacy
In Hebbya village, Nanjangud, Mysore, India, there is a temple called Gāndhārī temple dedicated to her. This temple honours her devotion and loyalty as she epitomized the goodness of a mother and a loving wife. The foundation stone of the temple was laid on June 19, 2008.
Rabindranath Tagore wrote a Bengali poetic play about her, named Gandharir Abedon (Bangla: গান্ধারীর আবেদন, Translation: Supplication of Gandhari). Gandhari, her husband Dhritarashtra and their son Duryodhana are central characters in the play. Aditi Banerjee wrote a novel named The Curse of Gandhari, which depicts the story of the Mahabharata through the perspective of Gandhari.
In media and television
* In B.R.Chopra's Mahabharat Gandhari was portrayed by Renuka Israni.
* In Ramanand Sagar's Shri Krishna Gandhari was portrayed by Neela Patel.
* In Star Plus's Mahabharat Gandhari was portrayed by Riya Deepsi.
* In Mahabharatham Gandhari was portrayed by Pavithra Janani.
* In Dharmakshetra (2014) Gandhari was portrayed by Maleeka Ghai.
* In Suryaputra Karna (2015 TV Series) Gandhari was portrayed by Smriti Sinha Vatsa.
* In RadhaKrishn (2018–2023) Gandhari was portrayed by Via Roy Choudhury. | WIKI |
Introduction: Bling Out Your Breadboard (how to Add LED Power Indicator to Solarbotics Transparent Breadboard)
Picture of Bling Out Your Breadboard (how to Add LED Power Indicator to Solarbotics Transparent Breadboard)
These transparent breadboards are much like any other electronics breadboard, but they are clear! So, what can one do with a clear breadboard? I think the obvious answer is add a power LEDs!
Step 1: Here Are the Parts
Picture of Here Are the Parts
Here are the parts we'll be using:
1 x 200 point 21030 transparent breadboard
1 x Super ultra-bright LED (Red)
1 x Super bright LED (blue)
2 x 100 ohm resistors
1 x 2-pin header (optional)
1 x Breadboard Voltage Regulator Kit (optional - it's just a convenient 5V power supply)
(here's a bundle link for all the necessary parts)
Tools:
Drill with 3/8" bit (5mm works better)
Hot-glue gun
Soldering tools
Step 2: Prepare the LEDs
Picture of Prepare the LEDs
Unless if your LED is already a flat-top, you'll have to grind/sand/cut it down to that the top is flat, and not far (within 1mm or 3/16") from the LED glowing element. There's not that much room to shove a whole LED in.
We used a sanding belt to bring it down to size, but see how it leaves the top an opaque white? Here's a trick: Rub the flat face against a sheet of paper for a full minute. It brings up the polish quite well, and if the face is fairly smooth, you can almost get it back to stock clarity.
Step 3: Drill the Hole
Picture of Drill the Hole
You don't need to measure - just watch how far in the drill bit goes! Go in as far and as close as you are comfortable (don't hit the metal breadboard rails), and clear out the drilled plastic.
Step 4: Install the LED
Picture of Install the LED
Just don't go jamming it in! Figure out what lead is the cathode (-) and anode (+). The anode is the longer of the two leads. You want this on the top, so it lines up best with the positive power rail.
Use a dab of hot-glue to hold the LED in the hole. If you used a 3/16" drill bit, it may be tight. You might have to redrill it out by wiggling the drill bit side-to-side to open up the hole diameter a bit.
NOTE: If and when you do the LED on the other side, the polarities will reverse because you will be approaching the power rails from the other end. Make sure you keep your anode (+) and cathode (-) / red / blue rails sorted out!
Step 5: Add the 100 Ohm Resistor
Picture of Add the 100 Ohm Resistor
Bend up the longer LED anode (+) lead so it's poking up near the top of the breadboard.
Clip off one resistor lead so you have about 3/8" of an inch (5mm) and bend it 90 degrees down. Stick this end into the last hole of the negative (blue) rail so the other end hangs out over the end of the breadboard.
Bend this overhanging lead down so it contacts the lower LED leg, and solder them together. Snip off the extra and save it.
Snip your 2-pin header in half (or use whatever pin you have handy - even other resistor clippings), and stick it in the last hole on the "+" rail (nearest red stripe).
Remember that extra lead I asked you to save? Use to solder a connection from your pin to the upper LED lead.
Step 6: Now We Test!
Picture of Now We Test!
I used a Breadboard Voltage Regulator Kit to do this test, but any 3~9VDC power supply will do. Plug it in to the proper sides of the power rails (red = + , blue = -), and your indicator LED should light up bright, shooting a bright beam through your clear breadboard!
No? Try reversing the polarity of your power supply. Now does it work? No? Hrm. The LED should light using this power supply in one of these orientations. If hooking up power one way doesn't work, swapping the leads around definitely should.
Either you have a bad LED, shorted wires, or an incomplete solder connection.
If it lit up the wrong way around... well, now you have to make the decision whether to leave it like this, or desolder your LED and turn it around. Making it right is definitely the wisest course of action.
Step 7: Making the Installation Permanent
Picture of Making the Installation Permanent
Let's use more hot-glue to coat these connections and make this installation more robust.
To do this, we'll use a trick I learned from Monty Goodson of Bittybot & "Fatman and CircuitGirl" fame (well, he's in the background lots) :
Use the clear plastic packaging that your breadboard came in to to flatten your hot-glue blobs into a nice, flat surface. Smother your parts in hot-glue, flatten the plastic against it, then stick it in the fridge/freezer for a few minutes. Once all the heat is sucked out of the hot-glue, the plastic will snap off, leaving a nice, flat, molded-like surface!
There. Now you've done one side, go do the other! I built mine so each LED is powered by a different set of power rails, which will make it easy to tell when I'm not powering both sides of the breadboard (that's been an issue for me).
Go out and bling your breadboard!
Comments
dragon788 (author)2014-10-25
Would be interesting to see if this could be tweaked to track the power draw of the circuit to see when you are getting close to overloading a power supply.
golddigger1559 (author)2012-04-08
yah we need those nails to work on small stuff lol
emdarcher (author)golddigger15592012-07-05
So true!
Beergnome (author)2011-12-07
Ive seen dirtier nails... Im looking at some right now!
nigel cox (author)2011-07-21
A great instructable, will be having a go myself, after polishing the led on the newspaper add a drop of clear nail varnish this should bring it back to original spec, regards Doc Cox
7-Factories (author)2010-08-19
Fun. I like it.
Solarbotics (author)2010-02-22
It's a handy indicator when you've left power to a circuit that shouldn't be left on. That, and it's a great way to use a transparent breadboard!
agis68 (author)2010-02-21
OK but what the need to do something like that???
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More by Solarbotics:The Ardweeny: the little friend of the Arduino (and how to beef it up)Solar Powered Battle Symet - BEAM StyleSolar Powered Miniball Wannabe
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User:Emokidkasirap2/sandbox
Bestvision is a group of rap owned by one person at a time This group of rap and opera music lovers who are not happy with the quality music that is displayed on bestvision, a rap programme on newcity we have tried to address this matter with the producers of the show to no avail.We hope by creating this platform our voice will be heard.We believe bestvision must serve as a tool to market our recognise music.We believe that should bestvision pay much more attention into the quality of music they play, we own our songs and we will enhance the recognition of our music to the community as well as potential funders.We also believe by improving quality show of our music will earn the respect we deserve, and finally takes its place among other more recognise music genres.Eventually our long dreams of commercialising the hIP-HOp might be reality.THE GROUP HOWEVER NOT LIMITED TO THE SUBJECT MATTER ABOVE ACCORDINGLY ALL MATTERS OF INTREST TO MUSIC LOVER WILL BE DISCUSSED(Disclaimer) THE CREATER OF THIS GROUP WILL NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE ANY COMMENT POSTED IN THIS GROUP BY IT MEMBER AND ACCORDINGLY NO INFORMATION OF THE MEMBERS WILL BE KEPT BY ADMINISTRATOR OF THIS GROUPS'. | WIKI |
Page:A History of Ancient Greek Literature.djvu/282
258 Movement, of the Enlightenment; as the apostle of clearness of expression, who states everything that he has to say explicitly and without bombast. His language was so much admired in the generations after his death that it is spoilt for us. It strikes us as hackneyed and undistinguished, because we are familiar with all the commonplace fellows who imitated it, from Isocrates to Theodore Prodromus. He probably showed even in the Daughters of Pelias* his power to see poetry everywhere. His philosophical bent was certainly foreshadowed in lines like "in God there is no injustice" (frag. 606); his quick sympathy with passion of every sort, in the choice of the woman Medea for his chief figure.
But the most typical of the early plays, and the one which most impressed his contemporaries, was the Têlephus* (438 ). It has a great number of the late characteristics in a half-developed state, overlaid with a certain externality and youthfulness. It is worth while to keep the Têlephus* constantly in view in tracing the gradual progress of Euripides's character and method. The wounded king of Mysia knows that nothing but the spear of Achilles, which wounded him, can cure him; the Greeks are all his enemies; he travels through Greece, lame from his wound, and disguised as a beggar; speaks in the gathering of hostile generals, is struck for his insolence, but carries his point; finally, he is admitted as a suppliant by Clytæmestra, snatches up the baby Orestes, reveals himself, threatens to dash out the baby's brains if any of the enemies who surround him move a step, makes his terms, and is healed. The extraordinarily cool and resourceful hero—he recalls those whom we meet in Hugo and | WIKI |
On the heels of the Coercive Acts, Parliament passed the Quebec Act, a well-intentioned measure designed to afford greater rights to the French inhabitants of Canada, which had come under British rule through the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In the succeeding years, British efforts to incorporate Quebec into the empire had been a notable failure.
The law provided the following:
a new governor and council were to be appointed to govern affairs in Quebec
the French civil code was officially recognized for use in Quebec, but English law would continue to prevail in criminal matters
recognition was also given to the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec; this was an important gesture because Catholics were previously ineligible for public office, but now could qualify by taking an oath of loyalty to Britain
the administrative boundaries of Quebec were extended south to the Ohio and west to the Mississippi rivers; this last-minute provision was an admission that the Proclamation Line of 1763, and Indian policy in general, had been a massive failure.
The Quebec Act was not part of Lord North’s punitive program, but many Americans missed the distinction and regarded the law as simply another "Intolerable Act." Opposition formed in a number of quarters. Colonies with western land claims were firmly cut off from what they hoped would be future development and wealth. Strong protests arose in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia. Individual land speculators and investment companies also had their dreams dashed, and added their voices to the clamor.
Issues beyond money were at stake as well. Some critics of British policy noted that any semblance of democratic government was being denied to Quebec. All legislation was the responsibility of the governor and council; no representative assembly existed. Few American colonists actually cared about democracy for the French-speaking Canadians, but feared that the absence of representative assemblies might be a trend that would touch them in the future.
Other American opposition to the Quebec Act stemmed from a deep-seated hatred of the French. Colonists a decade earlier had celebrated the demise of the French Empire, but now feared that it was making a comeback. Similar feelings about the Catholic Church sparked dread in the hearts of Protestant Americans.
The fear of a resurgent Roman Catholic France in North America was one of the prime reasons that early in the War for Independence, the Americans would invade Quebec in an effort to end the threat once and for all.
See timeline of the American Revolution. | FINEWEB-EDU |
A few key figures largely controlled politics in the 19th century. Among them, William Magear Tweed was a well-known politician in his time. He was often called Boss or Boss Tweed, a name derived from his other moniker, William Marcy Tweed. Mr. Boss was the leader of Tammy Hall, a political party that played a crucial role in the politics of the day. William Tweed was an astute but crooked man who owned vast wealth, including large tracts of land.
On December 4, 1875, Mr. Tweed made headlines after escaping prison; this was after he was found guilty of embezzling funds from state and city contracts. The money he stole amounted to millions of dollars, earning him twelve years in prison. Unfortunately for the justice system, Mr. Tweed was a man of his means and soon got his sentence reduced to one year. His life behind bars was no ordinary life. He furnished his cell with luxury furniture and organized a library in his room to keep him busy.
Shortly after his release, however, Mr. Tweed was arrested to face more charges. His subsequent sentence was to be carried out in Ludlow Jail. This was when he made his attempt to free himself. His taste of independence did not last long as he was briefly arrested after fleeing from Cuba to Spain. After he was re-arrested, Mr. Tweed faced civil charges in addition to his escape. He was unfortunate enough to spend the rest of his life in prison, passing away in 1878. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Touch en Stride
Touch en Stride is a small company created in 2006 by Dean Hassall and James Brooks. Dean Hassall is in love with Sarah Alison McGarry. | WIKI |
View
The View folder is used to store the view logic and private items such as engine templates, cache, logs, and uploads. You can declare or define functions there which can then be called in the view template.
How to load view?
In folder "View" is Index.php it's type of view. You can create different views for user or admin. Just copy "Index.php" and rename to your own name.
/** @var \View\IndexView $view */
$view = $this->loadView('Index');
To use view after load you must select template html.php by
$view->render('path/to/template/myTemplate'); // myTemplate shoud be in path View/template/path/to/template/myTemplate.html.php
View/Index.php
class IndexView extends \View\View
{
public function init()
{
if (isset($this->router)) {
$this->assign('router', $this->router);
}
Changing engine template ===========
Default engine template is Smarty. You can switch to Twig or PHP. To do this do in to View/View.php and in find $this->view
/** @var \Dframe\View\SmartyView; view */
$this->view = new SmartyView();
You can implement Dframe\View\ViewInterface and use any engine you want.
Available by default
• \Dframe\View\SmartyView
• \Dframe\View\TwigView
• \Dframe\View\DefaultView - php
Edit page (View/overview)
Dframe | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Australian parliamentary network hacked; no sign data stolen
Australia's leading cybersecurity agency is investigating a breach of the country's federal parliamentary computing network amid speculation of hacking by a foreign nation. Lawmakers and staff in the capital, Canberra, were made to change their passwords on the system after the overnight breach. A joint statement from House of Representatives Speaker Tony Smith and Senate President Scott Ryan says there's no evidence that data had been accessed in the breach, but investigations are continuing. "We have no evidence that this is an attempt to influence the outcome of parliamentary processes or to disrupt or influence electoral or political processes," the statement said. Though Australian officials have not blamed any country, in 2011 it was reported China was suspected of accessing the email system used by lawmakers and parliamentary staff. Cybersecurity expert Fergus Hanson, from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, said it's likely a "nation-state" was behind the incident. "There would be lots of juicy correspondence between staffers about who is doing what and dirt files on different politicians," Hanson said. "There might be interesting information about parliamentary perks that are given to politicians that the public may not like. There may be whole email stashes that could damage one party or another party." Prime Minister Scott Morrison said he had been briefed on the matter but could not comment on the source of the attack. "I should stress that there is no suggestion that government departments or agencies have been the target of any such incursion," Morrison told reporters. The cyberbreach follows revelations that parliamentarians in Britain were targeted by an attempt to hack into their email and phone contact lists earlier this week. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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What is an anticyclone?
Anticyclones are areas of high pressure caused by descending air. They are stable air masses with very light, slow winds due to a gentle pressure gradient – these winds blow clockwise in direction (in the Northern Hemisphere). Anticyclones also bring a general lack of cloud cover and little precipitation. This is because the descending air is being compressed and becomes warmer, thus preventing the condensation of moisture in the air so clouds do not form. With a lack of clouds there is, naturally, a lack of precipitation.
Dheyna S. GCSE Geography tutor, GCSE Geology tutor, A Level Geography...
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What is a depression?
What is a hurricane?
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mtw:mercury1:status:ok | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vizrt resize TextFields
structure onoffcontainer
dMSDifference as double
sContainerName as string
end structure
dim iLineNumber = (integer) 8
dim sLinePrefix = (string) "ONOFF_LINE_"
dim sLinesDomain = (string) "ONOFF_DATA"
dim sNameTextName = (string) "txt_name"
dim bMultipages = (boolean) true
dim sPagePrefix = (string) "PAGE_"
' max site differences when elements are "ON"
dim dMSBase = (double) 900
' setter tous les ONOFF qui agissent sur le maxsize
dim oIrm as onoffcontainer
oIrm.dMSDifference = -130
oIrm.sContainerName = "ONOFF_IRM"
dim oNoc as onoffcontainer
oNoc.dMSDifference = -70
oNoc.sContainerName = "ONOFF_NOC"
dim arrOnOff as array[onoffcontainer]
arrOnOff.push(oIrm)
arrOnOff.push(oNoc)
sub OnInitParameters()
RegisterPushButton("checkonoff","Check on/offs", 1)
end sub
sub OnExecAction(buttonId As Integer)
if bMultipages then
TreatMultipagesLines()
else
TreatLines()
end if
end sub
sub TreatLines()
dim i = (integer) 0
for i=1 to iLineNumber
dim cBaseContainer = (container) scene.findcontainer(sLinePrefix&i).findsubcontainer(sLinesDomain)
dim cTextContainer = (container) cBaseContainer.findsubcontainer(sNameTextName)
dim dMSBaseTemp = (double) dMSBase
For Each j In arrOnOff
if cBaseContainer.findsubcontainer(j.sContainerName).active == true then
dMSBaseTemp = dMSBaseTemp+j.dMSDifference
end if
Next
cTextContainer.GetFunctionPluginInstance("Maxsize").SetParameterDouble("WIDTH_X",dMSBaseTemp)
next
end sub
sub TreatMultipagesLines()
dim i = (integer) 0
for p=1 to 2
for i=1 to iLineNumber
dim cBaseContainer = (container) scene.findcontainer(sPagePrefix&p).findsubcontainer(sLinePrefix&i).findsubcontainer(sLinesDomain)
dim cTextContainer = (container) cBaseContainer.findsubcontainer(sNameTextName)
dim dMSBaseTemp = (double) dMSBase
dim iVal = (string) p
System.SendCommand(iVal)
For Each j In arrOnOff
if cBaseContainer.findsubcontainer(j.sContainerName).active == true then
dMSBaseTemp = dMSBaseTemp+j.dMSDifference
end if
Next
cTextContainer.GetFunctionPluginInstance("Maxsize").SetParameterDouble("WIDTH_X",dMSBaseTemp)
next
next
end sub | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the amount of substance divided by the total volume of a given mixture. In other words, it indicates the portion of a substance that is part of the volume of the mixture. The description of the concentration of substances is regulated by the standard DIN 1310.
What types of concentration are there?
There are many different types of concentration measures, such as:
• mass concentration (mass of substance per volume of mixture),
• volume concentration (volume of substance per volume of mixture),
• particle concentration (number of particles per volume of mixture),
• molar concentration (amount of substance per volume in mol per liter), and
• equivalent concentration (mol based on equivalent particles).
For the proper use of the term, it must be clearly defined which information is being used. In the case of a low concentration, the solution is referred to as either diluted or aqueous; solutions with high amounts of a given substance are designated as concentrated. Back | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
/* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*- * * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. * * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@ * * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this * file. * * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and * limitations under the License. * * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@ */ #include #include #include #include // // BEGIN copy of code from libgcc.a source file unwind-dw2-fde-darwin.c // #define KEYMGR_API_MAJOR_GCC3 3 /* ... with these keys. */ #define KEYMGR_GCC3_LIVE_IMAGE_LIST 301 /* loaded images */ #define KEYMGR_GCC3_DW2_OBJ_LIST 302 /* Dwarf2 object list */ #define KEYMGR_EH_GLOBALS_KEY 13 /* Node of KEYMGR_GCC3_LIVE_IMAGE_LIST. Info about each resident image. */ struct live_images { unsigned long this_size; /* sizeof (live_images) */ struct mach_header *mh; /* the image info */ unsigned long vm_slide; void (*destructor)(struct live_images *); /* destructor for this */ struct live_images *next; unsigned int examined_p; void *fde; void *object_info; unsigned long info[2]; /* Future use. */ }; // // END copy of code from libgcc.a source file unwind-dw2-fde-darwin.c // // // dyld is built as stand alone executable with a static copy of libc, libstdc++, and libgcc. // // In order for C++ exceptions to work within dyld, the C++ exception handling code // must be able to find the exception handling frame data inside dyld. The standard // exception handling code uses crt and keymgr to keep track of all images and calls // getsectdatafromheader("__eh_frame") to find the EH data for each image. We implement // our own copy of those functions below to enable exceptions within dyld. // // Note: This exception handling is completely separate from any user code exception . // handling which has its own keymgr (in libSystem). // static struct live_images sDyldImage; // zero filled static void* sObjectList = NULL; #if defined(__GNUC__) && (((__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)) || (__GNUC__ >= 4)) static void* sEHGlobals = NULL; #endif // called by dyldStartup.s very early void dyld_exceptions_init(struct mach_header *mh, uintptr_t slide) { sDyldImage.this_size = sizeof(struct live_images); sDyldImage.mh = mh; sDyldImage.vm_slide = slide; } // Hack for gcc 3.5's use of keymgr includes accessing __keymgr_global #if defined(__GNUC__) && (((__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)) || (__GNUC__ >= 4)) typedef struct Sinfo_Node { uint32_t size; /* Size of this node. */ uint16_t major_version; /* API major version. */ uint16_t minor_version; /* API minor version. */ } Tinfo_Node; static const Tinfo_Node keymgr_info = { sizeof (Tinfo_Node), KEYMGR_API_MAJOR_GCC3, 0 }; const Tinfo_Node* __keymgr_global[3] = { NULL, NULL, &keymgr_info }; #endif static __attribute__((noreturn)) void dyld_abort() { //dyld::log("internal dyld error\n"); _exit(1); } void* _keymgr_get_and_lock_processwide_ptr(unsigned int key) { // The C++ exception handling code uses two keys. No other keys should be seen if ( key == KEYMGR_GCC3_LIVE_IMAGE_LIST ) { return &sDyldImage; } else if ( key == KEYMGR_GCC3_DW2_OBJ_LIST ) { return sObjectList; } dyld_abort(); } void _keymgr_set_and_unlock_processwide_ptr(unsigned int key, void* value) { // The C++ exception handling code uses just this key. No other keys should be seen if ( key == KEYMGR_GCC3_DW2_OBJ_LIST ) { sObjectList = value; return; } dyld_abort(); } void _keymgr_unlock_processwide_ptr(unsigned int key) { // The C++ exception handling code uses just this key. No other keys should be seen if ( key == KEYMGR_GCC3_LIVE_IMAGE_LIST ) { return; } dyld_abort(); } void* _keymgr_get_per_thread_data(unsigned int key) { #if defined(__GNUC__) && (((__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)) || (__GNUC__ >= 4)) // gcc 3.5 and later use this key if ( key == KEYMGR_EH_GLOBALS_KEY ) return sEHGlobals; #endif // used by std::termination which dyld does not use dyld_abort(); } void _keymgr_set_per_thread_data(unsigned int key, void *keydata) { #if defined(__GNUC__) && (((__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)) || (__GNUC__ >= 4)) // gcc 3.5 and later use this key if ( key == KEYMGR_EH_GLOBALS_KEY ) { sEHGlobals = keydata; return; } #endif // used by std::termination which dyld does not use dyld_abort(); } #if __LP64__ #define LC_SEGMENT_COMMAND LC_SEGMENT_64 #define macho_header mach_header_64 #define macho_segment_command segment_command_64 #define macho_section section_64 #define getsectdatafromheader getsectdatafromheader_64 #else #define LC_SEGMENT_COMMAND LC_SEGMENT #define macho_header mach_header #define macho_segment_command segment_command #define macho_section section #endif // needed by C++ exception handling code to find __eh_frame section const void* getsectdatafromheader(struct mach_header* mh, const char* segname, const char* sectname, unsigned long* size) { const struct load_command* cmd; unsigned long i; cmd = (struct load_command*) ((char *)mh + sizeof(struct macho_header)); for(i = 0; i < mh->ncmds; i++) { if ( cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_COMMAND ) { const struct macho_segment_command* seg = (struct macho_segment_command*)cmd; if ( strcmp(seg->segname, segname) == 0 ) { const struct macho_section* sect = (struct macho_section*)( (char*)seg + sizeof(struct macho_segment_command) ); unsigned long j; for (j = 0; j < seg->nsects; j++) { if ( strcmp(sect[j].sectname, sectname) == 0 ) { *size = sect[j].size; return (void*)(sect[j].addr); } } } } cmd = (struct load_command*)( (char*)cmd + cmd->cmdsize ); } return NULL; } // Hack for transition of rdar://problem/3933738 // Can be removed later. // Allow C++ runtime to call getsectdatafromheader or getsectdatafromheader_64 #if __LP64__ #undef getsectdatafromheader const void* getsectdatafromheader(struct mach_header* mh, const char* segname, const char* sectname, unsigned long* size) { return getsectdatafromheader_64(mh, segname, sectname, size); } #endif | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 5.djvu/198
186 You will there see that Prussia alone gives industrial education in various branches to over 11,000 men. If you wish to see how public-spirited individuals have done this, visit the draughting-rooms of the Cooper Institute, and Worcester Institute, and Lafayette College.
Already the value of this is known to our manufacturers. Mr. Stebbins tells us that one silver-ware establishment in the city of New York pays a graduate of one of these foreign schools, for making designs and patterns, as high a salary as our Empire State gives its Governor.
But it may be said, "The French are naturally artistic; our people are not." But, look at history; see how it disposes of these short and easy excuses for doing nothing. The French are descended, on one side, from the most unartistic nation of antiquity, and on the other from painted barbarians. As to the former, one of their greatest poets boasted that his fellow-Romans could tyrannize over the world, but had no capacity for art. As to the latter, Guizot, one of the greatest of statesmen and historians, shows that the barbarian ancestors of the French had the same fundamental ideas as American savages.
When our ancestors were savages, their ancestors were savages. It is only a few generations since, if they wished for good artistic work, they had to send to Italy for it. The French are "naturally artistic" because Liancourt, and other patriots like him, began, a hundred years ago, to create those great systems of education—scientific, industrial, and artistic—which have given the French almost the monopoly in supplying products of skill and beauty to the markets of the whole world.
To complete the system provided by the great congressional act of 1862, it was declared that instruction in shall also be included.
Not least among the evidences of statesmanship in that bill was this last clause. The idea it embodies has been too long neglected. Of all fatal things for a republic, the most fatal is to have its educated men in various professions so educated that, in any civil commotion, they must cower in corners, and relinquish the control of armed force to communists and demagogues. The national colleges have carried out this part of the act, sometimes by giving advanced military instruction, but generally by careful drilling of the whole body of students. The system has been found to give health and manly dignity to the student; to the nation it is to give a great body of well-trained men, ready to organize and control the best elements of society against any outbreak of anarchy or treason.
And now a few words regarding the general education which goes with these various branches of industrial and scientific education. The student must be not only trained as a specialist, he must also be educated as a man and a citizen. Hence the necessity of blending into the various special courses certain general studies calculated to | WIKI |
Mark Royals
Mark Alan Royals (born June 22, 1965) is a former American football punter in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Cardinals, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Pittsburgh Steelers, Detroit Lions, New Orleans Saints, Miami Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football at Appalachian State University.
Early years
Royals attended Mathews High School, where he practiced football and baseball.
In football, he punted, kicked off and played multiple positions (cornerback, tight end, defensive end).
College career
Royals enrolled at Chowan Junior College. As a freshman, he contributed to the team winning the 1981 East Bowl Championship. As a sophomore, he received All-Conference honors.
Royals transferred after his sophomore season to Appalachian State University. He averaged 42.0 yards in three seasons as a starter.
He finished his college career with 6 school records: single-game punts (13 vs. The Citadel in 1985), single-season punts (85 in 1984), career punts (231), single-game punting yards (512), single-season punting yards (3,529 in 1984) and career punting yards (9,670).
In 2006, he was inducted into the Chowan Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2009, he was inducted into the Appalachian State University Athletics Hall of Fame.
Dallas Cowboys
Royals was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 1986 NFL Draft. On August 8, he was released before the start of the season, after not being able to pass incumbent Mike Saxon on the depth chart.
St. Louis Cardinals (first stint)
On September 30, 1987, he signed as a replacement player with the St. Louis Cardinals, after the NFLPA strike was declared on the third week of the season. In the first strike game against the Washington Redskins, he made six punts for 222 yards (37-yard average). On October 9, he was released after starter Greg Cater crossed the picket line.
Philadelphia Eagles
On October 14, 1987, he signed as a replacement player with the Philadelphia Eagles, to help solve the kicking problems the team was having. He played in one game against the Green Bay Packers, hitting 6 punts for a 41.8-yard average. He was cut on October 19, at the end of the strike.
Phoenix Cardinals (second stint)
On April 1, 1988, he went to training camp with the Phoenix Cardinals. On July 27, he was waived after not beating Greg Horne.
Miami Dolphins (first stint)
In May 1989, he signed with the Miami Dolphins. On August 28, he was cut after not passing incumbent Reggie Roby on the depth chart.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (first stint)
On April 24, 1990, he was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He made the team after beating out Chris Mohr. He had 72 punts (40.3-yard avg.) and received All-rookie honors from Football Digest.
In 1991, he hit 84 punts (40.3-yard avg.), while setting a then-franchise record with 22 punts downed inside the 20-yard line. He had 6 punts for a season-best 46.8-yard average against the New Orleans Saints.
Pittsburgh Steelers
On March 15, 1992, he signed as a Plan B free agent with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He ranked fifth in the AFC with a 42.7-yard average per punt.
In 1993, he made 89 punts (42.5-yard avg.) and had 22 punts of 50 or more yards. He led the AFC with 28 punts inside the 20 and just 3 touchbacks. He received AFC Special Teams Player of the Week honors in the ninth game against the Buffalo Bills, after hitting a 58-yarder and downing 3 punts inside the 20. He had a career-high 11 punts against the New England Patriots.
Royals is also known for a bad punt he kicked in the AFC wildcard game between the Steelers and the Kansas City Chiefs on January 8, 1994. Near the end of the fourth quarter with Pittsburgh leading Kansas City by seven points, Royals failed to direct a punt towards a sideline, and instead, punted the ball forward directly towards the line of scrimmage. The punt was blocked and recovered by Kansas City. With 1:43 remaining in the fourth quarter and on 4th down, Kansas City quarterback Joe Montana threw a touchdown pass to receiver Tim Barnett. The ensuing PAT tied the game which then went into sudden death overtime. Kansas City kicker Nick Lowery eventually kicked the game winning field goal for the Chiefs eliminating the Steelers from the playoffs.
In 1994, he set club records with 97 punts and 3,849 punt yards, while averaging 39.7 yards and tying an NFL record with 35 punts downed inside the 20-yard line. He tied his career-best with 11 punts and set a career-high eight punts downed inside the 20, in the ninth game against the Houston Oilers. He averaged 44.4 yards per punt with a long of 55 yards in the AFC Championship Game against the San Diego Chargers.
Royals left as one of the punting leaders in franchise history with 259 punts (fourth), a 41.5-yard average (fourth) and 85 punts downed inside the 20-yard line (second).
Detroit Lions
On April 26, 1995, he signed as a free agent with the Detroit Lions. He averaged 42.0 yards per punt and hit a career-high 69-yarder. He had 6 punts for a 48.8-yard average against the Atlanta Falcons.
In 1996, he had 69 punts for a 43.8-yard average. He tallied a 49.8-yard average per punt against the New York Giants.
New Orleans Saints
On April 25, 1997, he was signed as a free agent by the New Orleans Saints. He led the league and set a franchise record with a 45.9-yard average. He also placed 21 punts inside the 20 and posted a net average of 34.9 yards. He was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week, after hitting 6 punts for a 57-yard average against the Arizona Cardinals.
In 1998, he led the NFC with a 45.6-yard average on 88 punts, while setting a team record by leading the NFC in gross average in 2 consecutive seasons. He set a career-high net average of 36.0 yards and downed 26 punts inside the 20. He hit 7 punts for a 53.1-yard average against the Indianapolis Colts. He was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week, after downing 5 punts inside the 20-yard line, including 3 in the fourth quarter against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
On June 29, 1999, he was cut after the team signed free agent Tommy Barnhardt.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (second stint)
On August 4, 1999, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to replace Barnhardt. He appeared in all 16 games and ranked third in the NFC with a team single-season record gross average of 43.13 yards on 90 punts. He also ranked second in the conference with a net average of 37.4 (second in team history) and downed 23 punts inside the 20 (second in team history).
In 2000, he appeared in all 16 games, punting 85 times for 3,551 yards (41.8-yard avg.), including a long of 63 yards. He averaged 49.9 yards on seven punts against the New York Jets. In the 41–13 win over the Minnesota Vikings, he did not attempt a punt for the first time in his career. He completed a 36-yard pass to Damien Robinson on a fake punt and averaged 48.3 yards on four punts against the Atlanta Falcons.
In 2001, he punted 83 times for 3,382 yards (40.7-yard avg.), including a long of 61 yards, while setting the club's single-season record with 26 punts inside the 20. He had 7 punts for 319 yards (45.6-yard avg.) against the Detroit Lions, downing two inside the 20, including a season-long 61-yarder. He broke Frank Garcia's franchise record for career punts with his 378th against the St. Louis Cardinals.
On March 1, 2002, he was released because of for salary cap considerations.
Miami Dolphins (second stint)
On April 15, 2002, he was signed as a free agent by the Miami Dolphins, after they were not able to reach a contract agreement with Matt Turk. He punted 69 times for 2,772 yards, a 40.2-yard average (his worst average in 13 seasons as a starting punter), a net of 34.5 (eighth in the AFC) and 15 punts inside the 20. He also served as the holder on placements. Against the Detroit Lions, he had a season-best 47.8-yard average on five punts, including a long punt of 56 yards. Against the Indianapolis Colts, he had a 47.3-yard average on four punts and a season-high with 2 punts inside the 20.
On September 27, 2003, he was released after averaging 40.2 yards on 16 punts during the first three games of the season, ranking him among the worst punters in the NFL, and continuing the trend of his punting average continually dropping 5 straight seasons. He was replaced with Turk.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On October 10, 2003, he signed as a free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars, to replace Pro Bowler Chris Hanson. During that season, head coach Jack Del Rio placed a wooden stump and axe in the Jaguars locker room as a symbol of his theme advising players to "keep choppin' wood". After his teammates had been taking swings at the wood with the axe, Hanson followed and ended up seriously wounding his non-kicking foot, which forced him to be placed on injured reserve on October 10. Royals punted 45 times for 1,852 yards and a 41.2 average. He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life
Royals was a color commentator for coverage of the Arena Football League's Tampa Bay Storm on the regional sports television network Spectrum Sports Florida. He also co-hosted various sports radio shows. | WIKI |
Prevalence and prognostic significance of hypercholesterolemia in men with hypertension: Prospective data on the primary screenees of the multiple risk factor intervention trial
Jeremiah Stamler*, Deborah Wentworth, James D. Neaton
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
86 Scopus citations
Abstract
To assess the impact of serum cholesterol level on the risk of fatal coronary heart disease for men with high blood pressure, the six-year follow-up data from 361,662 men (aged 35 to 57 years) screened in 18 cities in the recruitment effort for the Multiple Risk Factor intervention Trial were evaluated. Of these men, 356,222 reported no history of hospitalization for myocardial infarction; 100,032 of these 356,222 had a baseline mean diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg. For those men with high blood pressure, the overall age-adjusted six-year rate of coronary heart disease death was 79 percent higher than for those with diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg. Compared with men with diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and serum cholesterol below 182 mg/dl, men with diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg had the following relative risks, based on the serum cholesterol level: for those with a serum cholesterol level less than 182 mg/dl, risk was 1.64; for those with a level of 182 to 202 mg/dl, risk was 2.14; for those with a level of 203 to 220 mg/dl, risk was 3.14; for those with a level of 221 to 244 mg/dl, risk was 3.29; and for those with a level equal to or greater than 245 mg/dl, risk was 5.14. Thus, for men with high blood pressure, serum cholesterol related to coronary heart disease risk in a strong, graded way, over the entire distribution of serum cholesterol, from levels of 182 mg/dl and higher. This was the case for hypertensive male smokers and nonsmokers, with cigarette use associated with a further marked increase in risk-at least a doubling of the mortality rate-at any level of serum cholesterol. These data underscore the necessity for a strategy of comprehensive care for persons with high blood pressure, including approaches to both nutritional and hygienic counseling and drug treatment, aimed at controlling all of the established major risk factors influencing prognosis.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)33-39
Number of pages7
JournalThe American journal of medicine
Volume80
Issue number2 SUPPL. 1
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 14 1986
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Medicine(all)
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Kwamena Minta Nyarku
Kwamena Minta Nyarku (born 7 December 1974) is a Ghanaian academic and politician who is a member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He is the member of parliament for the Cape Coast North Constituency in the Central Region of Ghana.
Early life and education
Nyarku was born on 7 December 1974. He hails from Apewosika, Cape Coast in Central Region of Ghana. He completed his GCE Ordinary level and GCE Advanced level certificate in Business in 1992 and 1996 respectively at Adisadel College, Cape Coast. He further moved to the Komenda Training College completing with a Teacher Certificate A (3 year Post Sec Teacher Cert A) in 1995. In 2000, he completed a bachelor's degree in education with emphasis on Business Education at the University of Cape Coast. He went on to the University of Ghana Business School, graduating with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Marketing in 2003. He is also a graduate of the University of Leicester, where he completed with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Marketing in 2019 and the Chartered Institute of Marketing in the United Kingdom.
Career
Nyarku is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, School of Business, University of Cape Coast,Ghana.
Parliamentary bid
Nyarku stood for the National Democratic Congress' primaries ahead of the 2020 elections. He won the parliamentary bid to represent the National Democratic Congress for the Constituency in August 2019 after he went unopposed due to the disqualification of his two contenders.
On 16 July 2020, ahead of the elections during the compilation of a new voter's register, he was disqualified from holding a voter's ID card due to claims of registering in a suburb of Cape Coast, Nkanfoa, where he had not been a resident for a number of years as required by the registration laws. His eligibility was challenged by a polling agent of his opponent's party the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and referred to the District Registration Review Committee. The District Registration Review Committee upheld the challenge and in August 2020, he filed an appeal against the decision which was dismissed by the Cape Coast High Court. On 22 September 2020, based on points raised by his lawyer Godwin Kudzo Tameklo, an Accra High Court, with the presiding judge Justice Stephen Oppong issued a write of mandamus compelling the Electoral Commission to register him since no court of competent jurisdiction had barred him from registering.
On 1 October 2020, he was registered in accordance to the ruling of the Accra High court. The issuing of the new ID card prompted another challenge by the New Patriotic Party which was this time quashed by the District Registration Review Committee by a 5:2 majority vote paving way for him to file his nomination to contest in the parliamentary elections.
In the 2020 Elections, Nyarku beat the incumbent member of parliament Barbara Asher Ayisi of the New Patriotic Party, who doubled as the deputy minister for works and housing and was a former deputy minister of education. He garnered 22,972 votes against her 21,643 votes representing 51.49% and 48.51% respectively to be declared winner and member of parliament elect.
Member of Parliament
Nyarku was sworn into office as the Member of Parliament representing the Cape Coast North Constituency in the 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana on 7 January 2021. He serves as a member on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Committee.
Personal life
Nyarku is a Christian. He is popularly known referred to by his nickname Ragga. | WIKI |
Rafed English
Antibiotics Aren't Always the Answer
Antibiotics do not fight infections caused by viruses like colds, most sore throats and bronchitis, and some ear infections. Unneeded antibiotics may lead to future antibiotic-resistant infections. Symptom relief might be the best treatment option.
Dangers of Antibiotic Resistance
Colds and many other upper respiratory infections, as well as some ear infections, are caused by viruses, not bacteria. If antibiotics are used too often for things they can't treat—like colds or other viral infections—they can stop working effectively against bacteria when you or your child really needs them. Antibiotic resistance—when antibiotics can no longer cure bacterial infections—has been a concern for years and is considered one of the world's most critical public health threats.
CDC efforts have resulted in fewer children receiving unnecessary antibiotics in recent years, but inappropriate use remains a problem. Widespread overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics continues to fuel an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.So the next time you or your child really needs an antibiotic for a bacterial infection, it may not work.
Antibiotic resistance is also an economic burden on the entire healthcare system. Resistant infections cost more to treat and can prolong healthcare use.
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User:Roberthanning
Hi everyone.
I am interested in skiing, cycling, the arts, anthropology, music, and many other things. I like to spend time with my friends and family just laughing and having a great old time. My interests are technical engineering and philosophy, i also like R&B and hip-hop music
My friend Sarah introduced me to Wikipedia, and I want to start editing. | WIKI |
SOLUTION SET for ASSIGNMENT 3 Problem 3a.1 [10 pts] _> b ---> e --> g / ___/ \_ a / \ ^\_> c --> d ---> f | | |________/ If you do (search 'a 'f), you might wind up in in an infinite loop; specifically, if you push the arc (d a) onto the stack before the arc (d f), you'll go through the sequence of states a-c-d-a-c... forever. Problem 3a.2 [20 pts: 15 pts for program, 5 pts for execution traces] (defun search (start-node target) (do ((possibilities (list start-node)) (current-node) (visited)) ;; <== ADDED THIS VARIABLE DECLARATION ;; If the possibilities list is empty, we didn't find the target. ((null possibilities) 'FAILURE) ;; WHAT TO DO REPEATEDLY WHILE EXECUTING THE LOOP (format t "~%~%Current possibilities: ~S, " possibilities) (setf current-node (pop possibilities)) (push current-node visited) ;; <== ADDED RECORD-KEEPING ;; If we've found the target, break out of the loop and accept. (format t " now exploring node ~A" current-node) (if (eq current-node target) (return 'SUCCESS)) (dolist (pair (get-outward-edges current-node)) (if (not (member (second pair) visited)) <== ADDED THIS 'IF' (push (second pair) possibilities))))) * (search 'a 'f) Current possibilities: (A), now exploring node A Current possibilities: (B C), now exploring node B Current possibilities: (E C), now exploring node E Current possibilities: (G C), now exploring node G Current possibilities: (C), now exploring node C Current possibilities: (D), now exploring node D Current possibilities: (F), now exploring node F SUCCESS * (search 'c 'a) Current possibilities: (C), now exploring node C Current possibilities: (E D), now exploring node E Current possibilities: (G D), now exploring node G Current possibilities: (D), now exploring node D Current possibilities: (A F), now exploring node A SUCCESS Problem 3.b.1: [5 pts: 3 for loop, 2 pts for not consuming any input] This same problem can appear when simulating an NDFA that permits a loop without consuming any input. Problem 3.b.2 [10 pts] Lines with modifications indicated by "<==" ---------------------------------------------------------------- Algorithm for simulating an NDFA, that protects against cycles ---------------------------------------------------------------- Given an NDFA, M, consisting of , and a string of input symbols, S: set current-state to Initial(M) set input-length to length(S) set possibilities to singleton list ([current-state,1]) set visited-configs to singleton list ([current-state,1]) <== ADDED while possibilities is not empty { set [state,loc] to pop(possibilities) if (state is a member of Final(M) AND loc == input-length + 1) Accept and terminate set input-symbol to the Nth symbol of S (numbering from 1) set transitions to the list of Transitions(M) departing state on input-symbol for each transition in transitions { if symbol is EPSILON and [destination,loc] is not on visited-configs <== ADDED add configuration [destination,loc] to possibilities else if [destination,loc+1] is not on visited-configs <== ADDED add configuration [destination,loc+1] to possibilities } } Reject and terminate Problem 3.c.1 (Allen, Ch 3, Problem 10) [15 pts, 5 each] a. The RTN but not the CFG allows ZERO OR MULTIPLE ADJECTIVES in an NP, e.g. "the big brown dog in the yard". The RTN but not the CFG allows an NP with NO PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE, e.g. "the big dog". b. A CFG (weakly) equivalent to the RTN is as follows: NP -> art NP1 NP -> art NP1 PPS NP1 -> adj NP1 NP1 -> N PPS -> PP PPS PPS -> PP PP -> prep NP Notice that the "zero or more PP's" behavior is done by making PP optional within the NP (allowing zero of them) and getting "one or more PP's" using recursion on PPS Getting "zero or more adjectives" is done by having NP1 be a constituent that can go to either N alone (zero adjectives) or an adjective followed by NP1 recursively (one or more adjectives). c. An RTN (weakly) equivalent to the CFG is as follows: art PUSH NP1 pop NP: >(q0) -----> (q1) ----------> (q2) -----> adj noun PUSH PPS pop NP1: >(q3) -----> (q4) ----------> (q5) ---------> (q6) -----> prep PUSH NP pop PPS: >(q7) -----> (q8) ----------> (q9) -----> ^ |_____________________________/ JUMP This solution eliminates the tail recursion in the PPS rule of the grammar, replacing it with a loop. You could also have made a more direct translation of the two rules: PUSH PP PUSH PPS pop PPS: >(q7) -------> (q8) ----------> (q9) -----> prep PUSH NP pop PP: >(q10) -------> (q11) ----------> (q12) -----> There are various other correct solutions, e.g. you could have combined what I've written as the NP and NP1 networks into a single network, etc. Problem 3.c.2 [10 pts] S -> NP VP NP -> NP PP NP -> DET N VP -> V NP VP -> V PP -> P NP DET -> a | the N -> man | dog | house | telescope | spoon VP -> saw | fed | barked P -> with 1 2 3 4 5 6 the man fed the dog Operation Stack Input-location start () 1 shift (the) 2 reduce (DET) 2 shift (man DET) 3 reduce (N DET) 3 reduce (NP) 3 shift (fed NP) 4 reduce (V NP) 4 shift (the V NP) 5 reduce (DET V NP) 5 shift (dog DET V NP) 6 reduce (N DET V NP) 6 reduce (NP V NP) 6 reduce (VP NP) 6 reduce (S) 6 ACCEPT It's also ok if you did the "shift" operation by shifting in a pre-terminal (e.g. Det) when you saw a terminal symbol in the input (e.g. "the"). In that case, for example, the first "shift" operation would have resulted directly in a stack containing (DET) rather than having to do a shift and then a reduce. Problem 3.c.3 [15 pts] (i) Top-down parse 1 2 3 4 5 6 the man fed the dog Operation Stack Input-location start (S) 1 expand (NP VP) 1 expand (DET N VP) 1 expand (the N VP) 1 match (N VP) 2 expand (man VP) 2 match (VP) 3 expand (V NP) 3 expand (fed NP) 3 match (NP) 4 expand (DET N) 4 expand (the N) 4 match (N) 5 expand (dog) 5 match () 6 ACCEPT It's also ok if you did the "match" operation by matching a preterminal on the stack (e.g. Det) with a terminal symbol in the input buffer (e.g. "the") rather than expanding all the way down to terminal symbols. (ii) The parser would go into an infinite loop, continuing to expand NP into NP PP over and over again. In general, left-recursive rules (rules of the form "X -> X alpha") cause this problem for top-down parsers. (iii) This is not a problem for bottom-up parsers because they are driven by the input: they never predict or propose a constituent unless they have evidence for it. Problem 3.c.4 [15 points, one for each correct cell in rows 2-6] 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 { A } { B } { B } { A } { B } { A } 2 { S } { A } { A } { S } { A } 3 { B } { A B } { S } { B } 4 { B S A } { S A } { A B } 5 { S B A } { A S B } 6 { B S A } Yes, the string is in L(G), since S is in cell [1,6]. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Judge Mendoza
Judge Mendoza may refer to:
* Carlos E. Mendoza (born 1970), judge of the Florida Circuit Court and of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
* Salvador Mendoza Jr. (born 1971), judge of the superior court for Benton and Franklin counties, Washington, and of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | WIKI |
4
I am using Postgresql 9.3 on an Ubuntu 12.4 machine.
I've only recently started studying database and database design, and I am to create a database that includes text that will later be searched through. I've read up on tsvectors and stuff better than WHERE column LIKE 'query', but I don't have much experience with it. I am thinking of building a table where one column is of type text[], and another one will be the tsvector build from the text. I will use and array of text because some of the text will be displayed to the user with different formatting etc. I have never worked with array columns before. My questions are:
• Is using a text array a good idea at all in this case?
• Will the text array work well with the tsvectors?
• Will using text[] compromise my performance?
• Are there any pitfalls I should stay alert for?
Thanks for the attention, and this is my first post ever here, so if I messed up on this question do tell me. P.S.: I've searched this topic here beforehand, I hope I am not creating a redundant question. P.P.S.: Not a native speaker, sorry for the weird language.
EDIT: Thanks for the answers! The texts in the array won't be of fixed size. They will range from 6 ~ 20 lines, but they need to be editable, and some of the texts inside an array will be formatted in a different manner when displayed to the user. I'm not using multiple text columns because some of the entries in the table will have a single, two, or more elements inside the array. I know how each element will be formatted because every row will also have a "type" column, which will define it's formatting.
2
• There's nothing wrong with your approach. You can probably compute tsv = to_tsvector(array_agg(txt_array, '')). If you would use diffent text columns (let's say title, headline, body), you'd just compute tsv = to_tsvector(coalesce(title, '') || ' ' || coalesce(headline,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body, '')).
– joanolo
Feb 1, 2017 at 21:42
• I think without knowing what you're storing, and what how you're querying it this is too broad and abstract. Jun 12, 2018 at 5:16
2 Answers 2
2
There are a lot of problems with using text[] like this, but fundamentally I agree @jjanes when he says,
How will you know which member of the array gets what kind of formatting? If that logic is hard-coded into the position of the member in the array, then why not just have multiple columns and key the formatting to the column names?
You can keep this more direct and simpler by following a golden rule,
• If the elements in the array can not be shuffled, then the order matters and the elements are ordinal
• If the order matters, you should not be using an ARRAY type, regardless of Full Text Search.
Moreover, the to_tsvector call is a pretty bad idea, this design is problematic too. ARRAY is not for schema-less design, and the position in the array should not itself be information need to render the data in the app.
As a side note, in a normalized display you can do weighing/ranking with FTS. In order to that with your schema, you'd have to move from the schemaless abuse of text[] to an actual schema'd design anyway.
Abomination
If you decide to go down this route, this should be substantially faster and cleaner. But, this is a horrible idea.
CREATE AGGREGATE tsvector_agg (tsvector) (
SFUNC = tsvector_concat,
STYPE = tsvector
);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION text_array_to_tsvector( mytext text[], out tsv tsvector )
AS $func$
BEGIN
SELECT INTO tsv
tsvector_agg(to_tsvector(t))
FROM unnest(mytext) AS t;
RETURN;
END;
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
Compare the two,
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT to_tsvector(array_to_string(ARRAY['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],' '::text));
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT text_array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);
See also
1
Using an array may not be a very good idea, but you haven't given enough information to tell for sure. How large can they be? Are they all a fixed size?
How will you know which member of the array gets what kind of formatting? If that logic is hard-coded into the position of the member in the array, then why not just have multiple columns and key the formatting to the column names?
You can use text arrays with tsvectors, for example:
select to_tsvector(array_to_string(ARRAY['a','b','c'],' '::text)) ;
I can be tricky to figure out which of the array members lead to any given match, but that is going to be the case whether you use an array or a list of column names.
Arrays do have a quite a bit of overhead for storage and access, but if the data you are storing in the array is of substantial size, the array overhead will probably not be important relative to the irreducible overhead of your data.
2
• Thanks for the input! I edited the answers to your question in the OP. Feb 6, 2017 at 15:30
• I'm split in downvoting because the to_tsvector(array_to_string... is a pretty bad idea, and the words of advice which is otherwise pretty solid. Jun 12, 2018 at 5:19
Your Answer
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 17.pdf/666
CHARLES E. HUGHES goes in for American insurance under present conditions knows he is walking blindfolded into the other fellow's game. In unfolding the inside workings of the insurance manipulators, Mr. Hughes dis played, first of all, unlimited patience; no point was too small for his attention, no road too devious, if only it led toward the end in view. He would retrace, over and over again, his questions to an unwilling witness, seeking by each new line to weave a net from which there was no escape; and finally the witness, whether he was a president or a clerk, would be forced to yield at least a part of the information desired. The questions could not be expected, of course, to draw out confessions of criminal guilt, but he did manage, where there had been an approach to such guilt, to convince the audience that the witness had been negligent of his duties. It is not going too far to say that in many cases he produced plenty of moral proof that a crime had been committed. Had he been a prosecutor instead of a mere legislature's investigator, detailed to discover reasons for remedial laws, he might have sent some of his victims to a cell instead of back to their now pre carious fiduciary positions. Patience was not the only trait he displayed as an exami ner. He was both quick to seize upon new clues and remarkable in his ability to com prehend complex financial transactions be yond the grasp of most men who are un trained in such matters. His "poise," too, was conspicuous — this by the way is the possession of what his friends say he is proudest — and there was not a moment when he lost his temper or forgot his good manners, no matter how annoying or recal citrant the witnesses might be. From first to last he was alert, concise and polite. Nor did he ever seem to tire, and the stenog raphers said he was as "hard to take" after four o'clock in the afternoon, as he had been when the hearing opened in the New York City Hall at half-past ten o'clock in the morning.
63 S
Mr. Hughes is a worker "from the word go. " Ever since he was a boy — he was born in Glenns Falls, New York, on April n, 1862 — he has been noted for his indus try. When his father, the Rev. D. C. Hughes, a Baptist minister, took him to the family's new home in Newark, N. J., he studied more than his parents thought was good for him in the primary grades of the public schools. When he attended a High School in New York City, after another move of the family, he became known as a youth of unusual ability and of depth beyond his years, and he was ready to enter The College of the City of New York a whole year before he was old enough to matriculate. After a period under his father's tutor ship in 1875-76, he changed his plan of attending college in the city and went to Madison (now Colgate) University, at Hamil ton, New York. There he remained until 1878, when he transferred his allegiance to Brown University, joining the Sophomore class. In 188 1, he was graduated with honors, having been one of five members of his class eligible to the scholarship society of Phi Beta Kappa. For a year after his graduation he taught school. He experienced some difficulty in securing a position, because of his youthful appearance, but finally persuaded the prin cipal of the Delaware Academy, at Delphi, N. Y., to let him try his hand on the greek and mathematics classes. The prin cipal, outgrowing his misgivings, was dis gruntled when the young man left him to study law in 1882. Two years at the Columbia University Law School, where he won a prize fellow ship after his first spring term, fitted him for a clerkship. He was employed at a nominal salarv by Chamberlain, Carter and Hornblower. Previously, while a student, he had been registered in their office as well as with Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, then United States District Attorney. As a salaried clerk, quickly growing in favor with | WIKI |
AN/AAS-38
The Lockheed Martin AN/AAS-38 Nite Hawk is a FLIR, laser designator, and laser tracker pod system for use with laser-guided munitions.
The Nite Hawk has been used with the F/A-18 Hornet, and has presumably been tested with the A-7E Corsair II. The Lockheed Martin (ex Loral / Texas Instruments ex Ford Aerospace / Texas Instruments) AAS-38A/B Nite Hawk forward-looking infrared (FLIR) is the Night Attack Hornet [F/A-18C and F/A-18D] Laser Target Designation (LTD) system for laser-guided munitions delivery. Mounted on the port fuselage (Station 4), the AAS-38 enhances the Hornet's night attack capability by providing real-time Forward Looking Infrared [FLIR] thermal imagery displayed on one of the cockpit CRTs and HUD. The AAS-38 FLIR can be fully integrated with other Hornet avionics, and data from the unit is used for the calculation of weapons release solutions. Only four of these were available during the Gulf War, seeing service with VMFA (AW)-121. The improved AAS-38A Laser Target Designator/Rangefinder (LTD/R) was cleared for Fleet service on Hornet-C/Ds in January 1993. The Martin-Marietta ASQ-173 Laser Detector Tracker/CAMera (LDT/CAM), a derivative of the Air Force Pave Penny pod, does not have the ability to laser designate targets. It is a passive tracking device that detects laser light reflected from targets illuminated by ground troops, other aircraft or the Hornet's own AAS-38 targeting FLIR on the other side of the fuselage. The ASQ-173 relays target location information to the cockpit displays and mission computers.
The AAS-38 pod came in two varieties: The AAS-38 (non LASER Designator/TV FLIR only) AAS-38A LASER Target Designator/Ranger (LTD/R). The LASER Spot Tracker (LST) capability came from the use of the ASQ-173 pod. The AAS-38A and ASQ-173 pods are meant to be used together to be able to Designate for Laser Guided Weapons (Example: GBU-12) and "see" another source's LASER designator (LST capability of the ASQ-173 pod. The AN/AAS-38A is commonly referred to by the US Navy as TFLIR or Targeting FLIR. The AAS-38 pod system, as of May 2008, is being phased out and replaced by the ASQ-228 ATFLIR pod. This will be a sequential replacement as the ATFLIR pods become available. The introduction of the ATFLIR is seen as a significant capability increase in all Hornet US Navy fleet aircraft. | WIKI |
Chaim Kiewe
Chaim Kiewe (Hebrew:חיים קיוה; October 8, 1912 in Dlottowen, German Empire – May 12, 1983 in Bat Yam, Israel) was an Israeli artist.
Biography
Chaim (Egon) Kiewe was born in the village Dlottowen (Eastern Prussia) in 1912. His parents Luis Kiewe and Johanna Toller, the only Jewish family in the village, owned an inn and a horse ranch. As a teenager he moved to Berlin, where he graduated high school and joined the Zionist youth movement HaHalutz. In 1934 he immigrated to Israel and joined Kibbutz Na’an.
He painted as an autodidact in his free time. His first works are portraits of Kibbutz members, and Kibbutz landscapes. In the 1940s he was a member of the "Hagana" organisation and in the year 1947 he was arrested in wake of "Operation Agatha" (Black Saturday). He was sent to Rafa Prison, where he sketched the life of the prisoners. In 1948, he was a company commander in the Givati Brigade, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. In the late 1940s he designed sets and costumes for plays, staged by the Na’an studio.
In 1950 he had his first one-man exhibition in the Katz Gallery in Tel Aviv, and in 1951 he made his first trip to Paris, there he worked in the "Grande Chaumiere" academy and exhibited at "La Galerie" on Rue de Seine. After a couple of months he came back to Israel and in 1953 he grounded with J. Zaritzky and A. Steimazky the painting seminar of the kibbutz movement. In the next years he ran the seminar by himself. Between 1954 and 1959 he was a member of the "Ofakim Hadashim" (New Horizons) group and participated in exhibitions of the group. Between 1959-69 he lived alternately in Paris and in Bat Yam. Part of that time, he was also the Director of the Bat Yam Municipal Museum. In those years he presented his works in one-man and group exhibitions in: Antwerp, Paris (Salon d’Art Moderne), Stuttgart (Senator Gallery), Strasbourg (Strasbourg Museum), Brussels (Museum of Modern Art), New York (the Jewish Museum), Bremen (Wiedmann Gallery), Luxembourg (Horn Gallery) and Düsseldorf (Die Brücke Gallery). In 1968-9 he took part in the "Salon des Réalités Nouvelles" and in the International Festival of Painting in Cagnes-sur-mer. Until 1970 he participated continually in the exhibitions of "Ofakim Hadashim" in Israel. In 1969 settled Kiewe in Bat Yam and became a senior lecturer at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem, in the Avni Institute of Art, and in the Bat Yam Institute of Art.
In 1974 he was honored with a retrospective exhibition in the Tel Aviv Museum, and in 1982 had a one-man exhibition in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
Chaim Kiewe died in 1983 in Bat Yam.
Prizes
* First prize in the "Salon d’Art Moderne" in Paris (1962).
* First prize for an Israeli artist in school of Paris Exhibition in the Charpentier Gallery in Paris (1963).
* First prize for an Israeli artist in the international Festival of Painting in Cagnes-sur-mer (1969). | WIKI |
Talk:Liz Jones
Still a stub?
Is this still a stub? I'd like to see more about her earlier career, and dates, but how long of an article does this person need? Yngvadottir (talk) 12:58, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
Vegan
Ms Jones is vegan and mentions it and animal welfare in her articles perhaps it should be mentioned more in the page http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1209923/Can-Mr-Benn-really-unmoved-pitiful-sounds-slaughter.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:50, 15 September 2009 (UTC)
* I think it would be fair to say she was a quasi-vegan, seeing as she makes repeated reference to eating eggs and has no apparent problem with fashion houses and brands using leather. Andrew G. Doe (talk) 22:45, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
Age Question
The article implies that Liz is still not being honest about her date of birth. She mentioned fellow school pupils in an article in You Magazine in 2009, and the names cited were definitely at Brentwood County High School during the year she would have been in, ie starting September 1970. I was in the same year and recognise the names.Liziz (talk) 17:45, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
Her Welshness
She seems to be Welsh
see
''Well, I am Welsh, but I am still going to be rooting for England to win this, the first digital world cup, which means it will be seen by more people than ever before. ''
* The only source for her alleged Welshness is Jones herself (her father appears to have been born in Gateshead): she has also repeatedly called herself an Essex girl, although there is no record of her being born in Essex, or indeed, the UK at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrew G. Doe (talk • contribs) 13:21, 25 May 2011 (UTC)
* upon further digging in the BMD sites, I'm 95% sure that both her parents were born in that most Welsh of towns, Gateshead (as were her fathers parents), and that Jones herself was almost certainly born in Hanover, West Germany. Therefore, she's about as Welsh as the current Prince of Wales. She also calls herself a journalist, and I think we'd all agree that this is questionable.Andrew G. Doe (talk) 11:41, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
* Andrew, while I think removing the claim about her Welsh ethnicity is justified on the grounds of insufficient (reliable) evidence, a cited source is needed for the claim she was born in Hanover. Philip Cross (talk) 12:09, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
* Workin' on it. :-) Andrew G. Doe (talk) 20:49, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* OK, time to hold up my hands like any good researcher and admit I got ti wrong - her paternal grandfather, Arthur Jones, was born in Loughor, South Wales. And she was born in Chelmsford, on 5/9/58. Mea Culpa. Andrew G. Doe (talk) 18:49, 8 July 2013 (UTC)
Married?
A note on the personal life would be appropriate with a glamorous TV celebrity <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:22, 16 May 2011 (UTC)
* How does this relate to Liz Jones? Span (talk) 11:18, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
Removal of verified facts
I see 'Morefoolhim' has set about removing facts in this entry which are easily checkable, notably this:
"Probably born in Hanover, West Germany (there is no record of an Elizabeth Jones being born anywhere in the UK in September 1958, but there are birth records in the British garrison town in Germany for an Elizabeth Jones at that time) to Robert (1915-1998) and Edna Jones, she is the youngest of seven children (her siblings are Claire, Philip, Nick (1949-2011), Lynnie, Tony & Sue). She attended Brentwood County High School for girls, though the school council strenuously deny this."
All her siblings are mentioned in her articles and books, as was the death of her brother this January. I've searched, and there is no record of an Elizabeth Ann Jones being born in September anywhere in the UK - as stated. Andrew G. Doe (talk) 07:57, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
Is there any point in this article remaining on Wikipedia at all when verified biographical details which have sourced and cited are continually removed ?Andrew G. Doe (talk) 11:12, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
* It is solely a question of a sufficient number of editors monitoring the article. Jones is notable enough to be included here given the coverage she receives from the serious press. Philip Cross (talk) 18:43, 2 August 2011 (UTC)
* Therefore, surely she is notable enough to include biographical details derived from her own writings. Andrew G. Doe (talk) 22:21, 2 August 2011 (UTC)
* There is a problem with Jones veracity (the cloudiness around her age being the obvious example) which needs to be borne in mind if more biographical details from her own writings are required. The article has an editor's request for more third party sources to demonstrate notability, which have probably now been met, but this piece is surely now almost as long as it needs to be. It would be possible to ridicule Jones by including certain biographical details, she feeds organic muesli to the rats in her stables apparently (see the Jane Alexander article among others), but doing so would hardly be neutral, and thus liable to be deleted. Philip Cross (talk) 08:10, 3 August 2011 (UTC)
* Her age is established, on her marriage certificate (for which you have to produce a birth certificate) but where is the question: according to Ancestry.com and BMD, she wasn't born in England or Wales in September 1958 (or in 1958 at all) but an Elizabeth Ann Jones was born at the right time in the British Garrison town of Hanover in Germany (as was someone with the name of her youngest brother, btw). I think it would also be in order to include a section on the questionable nature of some of her published claims, or her attempting to conceal the fact that most of her so-called holidays are in fact paid for and end up as articles in High Life magazine. She also claimed to have received mail the day following an article was published. Said article was published on a Sunday.Andrew G. Doe (talk) 13:33, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
Elizabeth as her first name
Actually, my source is her marriage certificate, which lists her as Elizabeth Ann Jones. :-) Andrew G. Doe (talk) 06:18, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
Vegan or vegetarian
Andrew G. Doe has added the following passage: "Her frequent claims to be a vegan are refuted by her eating eggs and other dairy products." He cites this article from 2009 in support. I am not sure this is hypocritical as is meant to be implied. She describes herself as "mostly vegan" and describes her attempt at a 'normsl' diet, one which does not suggest an anorexic condition, and maintains a "rule is that I will remain a vegetarian." The attempt fails, so Jones has presumably reverted to veganism. Looks unfair to Jones. Philip Cross (talk) 10:34, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* Surely being "mostly vegan" is like being "slightly pregnant". You either are, or you aren't.Andrew G. Doe (talk) 15:09, 20 September 2011 (UTC)
* There is inconsistancy she describes herself as a childless vegan etc but in one of her most recent articles she mentions buying an egg sandwich whilst waiting for a plane but being put off eating it by the unclean actions of the food server. She seems somewhat like people who call themselves vegetarian but eat fish.RafikiSykes (talk) 13:26, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* linky http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2029743/LIZ-JONES-MOANS-Golf-nits-natty-knitwear-leave-totally-teed-off.html
* My change to this section has been reverted, despite the fact that the claims that the contents of Jones' article "refute" her claims to veganism appear to be original research and therefore not appropriate in a biography of a living person. Specifically, the claim she eats eggs is totally unsupported by the source cited (which states she bought an egg sandwich and then gave it to someone else rather than eating it), and I don't see how having on one occasion switched to an alternative diet means she cannot be considered a vegan. Furthermore, I don't see how her performing her job as a fashion journalist without allowing her personal beliefs to affect her opinions negates anything she does in her personal life. Unless someone can give me a good (policy-based) reason these poorly-supported assertions should stay, I will revert the reversion. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:23, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
* It clearly says that she bought an egg sandwich for her to eat and gave it to someone else as she thought the server had been unhygenic rather than any reasons relating her being vegan.RafikiSykes (talk) 11:42, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
* That doesn't change the fact that she didn't eat it. We can't infer anything about whether she would have eaten it or not, or whether in fact she ate other egg sandwiches on other occasions because doing so is original research. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:20, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
* I have added quotes from the remaining cite so her diet is described in her own words. In the article she self describes as mostly vegan so have put that quote in the article body.RafikiSykes (talk) 15:34, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
She is no kind of vegan- she runs an ethical dairy farm and there are many many articles online in her own words (plus pics: http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/lifestyle/i-sold-my-soul-now-im-selling-my-eggs-says-liz-jones-6370276.html) that show her enjoying milk and eggs. Search Liz Jones milk and you'll get several articles by her in which she describes the 'deliciousness' of the aforementioned products. Plus of course there's her leather designer bag and shoe collection that she also often writes about. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:39, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
Sperm theft story
User:Robofish "removed sperm theft story - does this *really* belong in the article?" I contend that the following does:"Wanting to become pregnant while with an earlier partner, she has written: 'I resolved to steal his sperm from him in the middle of the night. I thought it was my right, given that he was living with me and I had bought him many, many M&S [Marks & Spencer] ready meals.' (Liz Jones 'The craving for a baby that drives women to the ultimate deception', Daily Mail, 3 November 2011)" My reasons are 1) startling confession with curious logic, 2) indicative of the length to which Jones will self-implicate herself, 3) extent of coverage in reliable sources. Already we have positive responses in The Guardian and the New Statesman and the article has been summarised in The Huffington Post. Philip Cross (talk) 20:10, 3 November 2011 (UTC)
* In an earlier account of this relationship, Jones stated that she had had six months of unprotected sex and the alleged sperm theft was not mentioned- another example of her revisionist attitude towards anything approaching the truth. Or, if you're feeling uncharitable, lies. Andrew G. Doe (talk) 08:56, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
Deaf?
In one of her articles, she claimed to be almost totally deaf. Perhaps this should be featured somewhere. Valetude (talk) 12:00, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 12:49, 4 January 2018 (UTC)
Age wrong
How can she be born in 1951 and a sentence later born in 1958 on the same Wiki page? At least one of these is wrong. Rustygecko (talk) 06:56, 14 November 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Arts & Crafts Essays.djvu/307
honourable one that we are all eager to possess and give scope to our own, and so long as the scope is honest there is nothing more laudable.
But the temptation is to add to our uninherited display in this particular by substitutes, and to surround ourselves with immemorable articles, the justification of whose presence really should be that they form part of the history of our lives in more important respects than the mere occasions of their purchase.
It is this unreasoning ambition that leads to the rivalling of princely houses by the acquisition of "family portraits purchased in Wardour Street"—the rivalling of historic libraries by the purchase of thousands of books to form our yesterday's libraries of undisturbed volumes—the rivalling of memorable chairs and tables, by recently bought articles of our own, crowded in imitation 283 | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/750
90 STAT. 700 Study.
PUBLIC LAW 94-317—JUNE 23, 1976 " (b) The Secretary shall conduct a study of health education services and preventive health services to determine the coverage of such services under public and private health insurance programs, including the extent and nature of such coverage and the cost sharing requirements required by such programs for coverage of such services. u OFFICE
Establishment. 42 USC 300u-5.
Disease Control Amendments of 1976. 42 USC 201 note.
o r H E A L T H INFORMATION AND H E A L T H PROMOTION
" SEC. 1706. The Secretary shall establish within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health an Office of Health Information and Health Promotion which shall— " (1) coordinate all activities within the Department which relate to health information and health promotion, preventive health services, and education in the appropriate use of health care; " (2) coordinate its activities with similar activities of organizations in the private sector; and " (3) establish a national information clearinghouse to facilitate the exchange of information concerning matters relating to health information and health promotion, preventive health services, and education in the appropriate use of health care, to facilitate access to such information, and to assist in the analysis of issues and problems relating to such matters.". TITLE II — D I S E A S E CX)NTROL SHORT TITLE
SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the "Disease Control Amendments of 1976". AMENDMENTS TO SECTIONS 3 1 1 AND 3 1 7
42 USC 247b note.
SEC. 202. (a) Effective with respect to grants under section 317 of the Public Health Service Act made from appropriations under such section for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1975, section 317 of such Act is amended to read as follows: "DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMS
Grants. 42 USC 247b,
Application requirements.
" SEC. 317. (a) The Secretary may make grants to States and, in consultation with State health authorities, to public entities to assist them in meeting the costs of disease control programs. " (b)(1) No g r a n t may be made under subsection (a) unless an application therefor has been submitted to, and approved by, the Secretary. Such application shall be in such form, be submitted in such manner, and contain such information as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe and shall meet the requirements or paragraph (2). " (2) A n application for a g r a n t under subsection (a) shall— " (A) Set forth with particularity the objectives (and their priorities, as determined in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe) of the applicant for each of the disease control programs it proposes to conduct with assistance from a g r a n t under subsection (a); " (B) contain assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that, in the year during which the g r a n t applied for would be available, the applicant will conduct such programs as may be necessary (i) to develop an awareness in those persons in the area served by
� | WIKI |
User:ProcrastinatingReader/book
Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China is a non-fiction book by Evan Osnos, a staff writer at The New Yorker. The book analyses the rapid growth of China following Deng Xiaoping's rule, the conflicts between a liberal economy and an authoritarian government, and the effects of China's rapid growth through the perspectives of ordinary citizens Osnos came to know while he was in China from 2005 to 2012.
[ summary extract ]
Originally published in 2014 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Age of Ambition is Osnos's first book. It received positive reviews. Age of Ambition was awarded the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 2014 and was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
Background
Evan Osnos spent eight years in China, three as the Beijing bureau chief for the Chicago Tribune from 2005 to 2008, and five as the China correspondent for The New Yorker - from 2008 to 2013. Osnos first visited China in 1996 to spend half a year studying Mandarin. While in China, Osnos maintained a blog for The New Yorker titled "Letter from China" for 4 years; some of these stories featured in Age of Ambition.
Publication
Age of Ambition was first published in May 2014 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the US and Canada, and by Bodley Head in the UK. The book is 403 pages in length. An audiobook format was published by Brilliance Audio in 2015.
Reception
Age of Ambition was well received. It was awarded the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 2014 and was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
Tash Aw, writing for The Guardian, complimented Osnos for navigating clear of avoiding both the appearance of having a pro-western agenda and of being a Chinese government apologist. Tash added that it’s notable that Osnos avoided traditional approaches to analysing China, such as by focusing on the party or governance, and instead chose to tell stories through the eyes of ordinary people.
John Pomfret, writing for The Washington Post, said Age of Ambition "illuminates what [Osnos] calls China’s Gilded Age in a way few have done".
Ben Chu, the economics editor for The Independent, said the book was an "extended cultural and political trawl through modern China". Chu stated "it's a story, essentially, about people", adding that "Osnos tends to let the protagonists themselves do the talking, allowing the bigger picture to emerge gradually through judicious scene selection and poetic description". On the style of writing, Chu wrote that "Osnos writes beautifully and his judgement is sound too. He generally avoids the trap of generalising about China, pointing to the complexity and ambiguity of the country." Chu also noted that the book is not a complete picture of modern China, noting that Age of Ambition fails to discuss Maoism or attitudes towards race, particularly towards the Japanese. Chu summarises Age of Ambition as a "welcome corrective" to typical Western perceptions of China.
Mary Gallagher, writing in the Chicago Tribune, praised the book for "its coverage of a diverse range of people who are challenging and questioning the status quo." Gallagher noted that writing about China can be difficult, saying that it's possible to tell the same story in an optimistic light, or a pessimistic one, praising Age of Ambition for resisting this tendency and instead telling a "collection of stories that defy easy conclusions about where China is headed." Gallagher noted the theme of individualism presented throughout the book, through Osnos's interactions with people who are "shockingly self-interested, brash and desperately ambitious".
The National Post praised the book for its "deep research, superb reporting, clear prose and unflustered conclusions".
muse.jhu.edu/article/646576 | WIKI |
User:Shogon7
Fairly new around here and still learning the ropes, so to speak. Wikipedia does have some useful information as long as editors can keep from making it an outlet for their own attacks against things they don't like. Wikipedia is certainly not a neutral source of information, but with the help of good editors that know the importance of sharing the facts it can become better. | WIKI |
How to analyze all the xml files in a project?
We are running SonarQube version 6.7.4 and using Sonar Scanner plugin (org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:3.6.0.1398:sonar)
We are trying to scan a project which only has a bunch of xml files and a pom.xml file.
Every time we run the scan using the following properties, it only scans the pom.xml file and ignores all the xml files.
mvn -B -s $build_path/.m2/settings.xml
org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:3.6.0.1398:sonar
-Dmaven.repo.local=.repository
-Dsonar.host.url="$SONAR_URL"
-Dsonar.language=xml
-Dsonar.projectKey=“crypto-config”
-Dsonar.projectName=“crypto-config”
-Dsonar.branch=“feature_sonar-xml”
Output:
image
Can you please help us understand what is going on ?
Thanks ,
Pra
Hi Pra,
Your problem is that you’re the SonarQube Scanner for Maven to perform an essentially non-Maven analysis. One of the things the SQS4M does for you is automatically feed sonar.sources with the location you’ll find the .java files in in a Maven project: src/main/java/. I’m guessing that’s not where your .xml files are.
So either switch to the ‘vanilla’ scanner, SonarQube Scanner, or in addition to all your other parameters, explicitly pass sonar.sources.
And speaking of your parameter list, you should remove sonar.language. This property has been deprecated literally for years and is finally removed in 7.7. Additionally, since you are currently running a Maven analysis, you shouldn’t need to specify project name and key on the command line; they should be picked up automatically from your pom. If you do switch scanners tho, you’ll want to retain those parameters.
HTH,
Ann
Hi Ann !
The xml files are flat in the repo not in any of the folders. There’s no src/ dir in that project.
I tried using vanilla SonarQube scanner but I was unable to use Quality gate with that.
So sticking to use SonarQube Scanner for maven.
I did remove sonar.language. That was just for my testing.
I had to add a condition to see if it only has xmls, then use sonar.sources= . or if it has src dir, then use sonar.sources=src/main,pom.xml
I was just looking to cover everything using one sonar.sources in our script but didn’t work.
Thanks,
PraJal
Hi Pra,
This part of your response doesn’t make sense to me:
If you had said you weren’t able to run an analysis, that would be something we could work on, but the QG is a built-in feature that just works and is entirely independent of which scanner you’re using.
Yes, if your projects have source files in different locations, then sonar.sources will need to vary by project.
Ann
What would be the command to run pure vanilla sonar source command ?
I tried giving the path to where the sonar scanner was installed in jenkins. It did finish the scan fine but it did not find the sonar results for the quality gate to analyze. I believe it could not see the ID that Quality Gate looks for. (This is all in jenkins)
And yea, it works with specifying sonar.sources for various projects we have.
Hi,
I think I understand now. When you used the vanilla scanner, you had trouble reporting the QG results in Jenkins. Can you share your pipeline code? I suspect it lacks withSonarQubeEnv as demonstrated in the docs
Ann
I went through the docs again and figured out how to use vanilla scanner and also report QG results.
But I guess I still have to vary sonar.sources according to the projects (xml only, java/scala)
I tried the vanilla scanner code (inside my jenkins pipeline script) on a java based project and it failed.
def sonarScanner = tool name: ‘Sonar’, type: ‘hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarRunnerInstallation’
sh""“echo “SONAR_BRANCH" {sonarScanner}/bin/sonar-scanner
-Dmaven.repo.local=.repository
-Dsonar.sources=.
-Dsonar.host.url=”$SONAR_URL”
-Dsonar.projectKey="$PROJECT"
-Dsonar.projectName="$PROJECT"
-Dsonar.branch="$SONAR_BRANCH"
“”"
The error is:
[Sonar] INFO: JavaClasspath initialization
[Sonar] INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Sonar] INFO: EXECUTION FAILURE
[Sonar] INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Sonar] INFO: Total time: 5.630s
[Sonar] INFO: Final Memory: 18M/374M
[Sonar] INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Sonar] ERROR: Error during SonarQube Scanner execution
[Sonar] ERROR: Please provide compiled classes of your project with sonar.java.binaries property
[Sonar] ERROR:
[Sonar] ERROR: Re-run SonarQube Scanner using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
Hi,
If you’re dealing with a Java project you build with Maven, then by all means use the SonarQube Scanner for Maven. If you’re not, then use the vanilla scanner.
The error you got, “Please provide compiled classes of your project with sonar.java.binaries property” means just what it says: you need to provide the path to your class files. The SQS4Maven will do that for you.
Ann
1 Like
Thank you ! We have continued using SQS4 Maven but adding conditions to xml files as needed since we use a common script for all projects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gurpreet SINGH, Petitioner v. ATTORNEY GENERAL of the United States of America, Respondent
No. 15-2274
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued: February 29, 2016
(Filed: October 6, 2016)
Daniel B. Conklin, Esq., Craig R. Shag-in, Esq. [Argued], The Shagin Law Group, 120 South Street, The Inns of St. Jude, Harrisburg, PA 17101, Counsel for Petitioner
Elizabeth R. Chapman, Esq. [Argued], United States Department of Justice, Office of Immigration Litigation, P.O. Box 878, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, DC 20044, Counsel for Respondent
Before: AMBRO, JORDAN, and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges.
OPINION OF THE COURT
SCIRICA, Circuit Judge
This immigration case concerns whether Gurpreet Singh’s conviction under 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30) was an aggravated felony under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which would make him ineligible for discretionary relief from removal from the United States. We will grant the petition for review, vacate the opinion of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), and remand to the BIA for further proceedings.
I.
A.
Under the INA, “[a]ny alien who is convicted of an aggravated felony at any time after admission” is removable from the United States. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii). Being convicted of an aggravated felony also makes an alien ineligible for certain forms of discretionary relief from removal. See id. §§ 1158(b)(2)(A)(ii), (B)(i); §§ 1229b(a)(3), (b)(1)(C).
Congress has defined an “aggravated felony” to include, in pertinent part, “illicit trafficking in a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of Title 21), including a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 924(c) of Title 18).” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(B). In turn, a “drug trafficking crime” is defined as “any felony punishable under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. [§ ] 801 et seq.).” 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(2). A “felony punishable under the Controlled Substances Act” can include not only federal offenses, but also state offenses. See Moncrieffe v. Holder, — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 1678, 1683, 185 L.Ed.2d 727 (2013). And a “state offense constitutes a ‘felony punishable under the Controlled Substances Act’ only if it proscribes conduct punishable as a felony under that federal law.” Lopez v. Gonzales, 549 U.S. 47, 60, 127 S.Ct. 625, 166 L.Ed.2d 462 (2006).
To determine whether a state offense proscribes conduct punishable as a felony under the Controlled Substances Act, we generally employ a “categorical approach” to the underlying statute of conviction. See Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684. Under the categorical approach, we “focus solely on whether the elements of the crime of conviction sufficiently match the elements of [the] generic [federal offense], while ignoring the particular facts of the case.” Mathis v. United States, — U.S. -, 136 S.Ct. 2243, 2248, 195 L.Ed.2d 604 (2016). We look “not to the facts of the particular prior case, but instead to whether the state statute defining the crime of conviction categorically fits within the generic federal definition of a corresponding aggravated felony.” Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684 (internal quotation marks omitted). “Because we examine what the state conviction necessarily involved, not the facts underlying the case, we must presume that the conviction rested upon nothing more than the least of the acts criminalized, and then determine whether even those acts are encompassed by the generic federal offense.” Id. (internal quotation marks and formatting omitted). And “our focus on the minimum conduct criminalized by the state statute is not an invitation to apply ‘legal imagination’ to the state offense; there must be ‘a realistic probability, not a theoretical possibility, that the State would apply its statute to conduct that falls outside the generic definition of a crime.’ ” Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684 (quoting Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez, 549 U.S. 183, 193, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007)).
But some cases involve convictions under state statutes that “list elements in the alternative, and thereby define multiple crimes,” Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2249, or that “contain several different crimes, each described separately,” Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684. The Supreme Court refers to these statutes as “divisiblé” statutes. Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2249. To these statutes, we apply the “modified categorical approach.” See id.; Mellouli v. Lynch, — U.S.-, 135 S.Ct. 1980, 1986 n.4, 192 L.Ed.2d 60 (2015); see also Rojas v. Att’y Gen. of the U.S., 728 F.3d 203, 215 (3d Cir. 2013) (en banc) (noting the modified categorical approach applies “[w]hen a statute of conviction lists elements in the alternative, some of which fit the. federal definition and some of which do not”). We apply the modified categorical approach to divisible statutes in order to “determine what crime, with what elements, a defendant was convicted of.” Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2249; see also Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684 (holding the modified categorical approach is applied to divisible statutes in order to “determine which particular offense the noncitizen was convicted of’); Evanson v. Att’y Gen. of the U.S., 550 F.3d 284, 291 (3d Cir. 2008) (holding courts should use the modified categorical approach “to determine which of the alternative elements was the actual basis for the underlying conviction”)'.
Under the modified categorical approach, “a court may determine which particular offense the noncitizen was convicted of by examining the charging document and jury instructions, or in the case of a guilty plea, the plea agreement, plea colloquy, or some comparable judicial record of the factual basis for the plea.” Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Shepard v. United States, 544 U.S. 13, 16, 125 S.Ct. 1254, 161 L.Ed.2d 205 (2005) (“generally limit[ing]” a court “to examining the statutory definition, charging document, written plea agreement, transcript of plea colloquy, and any • explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant assented”). But “[o]ff limits to the adjudicator ... is any inquiry into the particular facts of the case.” Mellouli, 135 S.Ct. at 1986 n.4.
B.
Singh is a citizen of India who was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident in 2009. He ran two convenience stores in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania. In November 2011, Pennsylvania State Police troopers searched his stores for illegal substances. As a result of these searches, almost one year later, the Clearfield County District Attorney filed two separate criminal informa-tions against Singh, charging him with violating 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), which outlaws “the manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance ... or knowingly creating, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver, a counterfeit controlled substance,” (2) conspiring to violate § 780-113(a)(30), in violation of Pennsylvania’s conspiracy statute, 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 903(a)(1), and (3) violating 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16), which outlaws “[kjnowingly or intentionally possessing a controlled or counterfeit substance.” AII-224 to -225. The informations did not specify the substance in question.
On May 1, 2013, Singh pleaded guilty to one count of violating § 780-113(a)(30) and one count of conspiring to violate § 780-113(a)(30). Both Singh and the District Attorney signed a “Negotiated Plea Agreement and Guilty Plea Colloquy” describing these counts as involving a “PA Counterfeit Substance—Non' Fed.” AII-239. Singh also signed a separate form document titled “Guilty Plea Colloquy.” AII-241 to -244. Paragraph 43 of the Guilty Plea Colloquy reads: “Do you agree that the facts set forth in the Criminal Complaint and Affidavit of Probable cause filed against you are an accurate statement of your role in regard to the charges to which you are pleading guilty?” AII-243 ¶ 43. Singh circled “YES.” Id
The transcript of Singh’s oral plea colloquy indicates he pled guilty to “possession with intent to deliver a counterfeit substance under Pennsylvania law but not under federal law” and “criminal conspiracy to commit possession with the intent to deliver, a counterfeit substance, which is designated a counterfeit substance, under Pennsylvania law but not under federal law.” AII-299. The transcript of the oral plea colloquy, like the informations, did not specify the substance in question. Singh was sentenced to an indefinite term of imprisonment not to exceed one year less one day.
On April 17, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began removal proceedings against Singh under the INA. DHS charged Singh as removable under four sets of statutory provisions: (1) 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii), for being convicted of an aggravated felony as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(B) (the possession offense); (2) 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i), for being convicted of “a violation of (or a conspiracy or attempt to violate) any law or regulation of a State, the United States, or a foreign country relating to a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of Title 21)”; (3) 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i), for being convicted of a “crime involving moral turpitude” (“CIMT”); and (4) 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) (again), for being convicted of an aggravated felony as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(U) (the conspiracy offense).
On June 18, 2014, an immigration judge (IJ) held Singh was removable under sections 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) and 1227(a)(2)(B)®. To find Singh removable under section 1227(a)(2)(B)®, the IJ applied the modified categorical approach “to determine whether the offense for wliich [Singh] was convicted ‘relates to’ a controlled substance as defined in 21 U.S.C. § 802.” AII-276. Looking to the criminal complaint against Singh, the IJ identified the substance Singh was convicted of possessing as JWH-122, a “cannabimimetic agent.” AII-277. The IJ noted JWH-122 “is listed as a schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act” and accordingly found Singh was removable. Id. The IJ also applied the modified categorical approach to hold Singh was removable under section 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) for being convicted of an aggravated felony. Five days later, the IJ found Singh removable under section 1227(a)(2)(A)® as well.
Singh filed a motion to reopen and reconsider with the IJ. In support of his motion, Singh filed a “joint stipulation and clarification” between Singh’s attorney and Williapi A. Shaw, Jr., the Clearfield County District Attorney, indicating that: (1) the Guilty Plea Colloquy form is a standard form used by the Clearfield County Court of Common Pleas in the entry of a plea; (2) paragraph 43 of the form “refers generally to the underlying factual allegations against the Defendant and do[es] not constitute an admission of any specific facts except those to which Defendant is actually pleading guilty”; (3) “[i]n this case Defendant [Singh] plead[ed] only to the delivery of an unidentified counterfeit substance under Pennsylvania law”; and (4) “it is the understanding of both the defendant and the Commonwealth that the unidentified substance was neither a counterfeit [n]or a controlled substance under federal law.” AII-13B. The IJ did not rule on this motion.
Singh then appealed to the BIA, which construed his unadjudicated motion to reopen as a motion to remand, granted it, and remanded the matter for an IJ to consider the “joint stipulation and clarification” in the first instance. AII-072 to -074. On remand, a different IJ found Singh removable as charged. Singh again appealed to the BIA.
On appeal, the BIA considered only whether Singh was removable under 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) for being convicted of an aggravated felony for the possession offense. It did not consider whether the conspiracy offense was also an aggravated felony. Because the BIA held Singh was removable for being convicted of an aggravated felony, it “f[ou]nd it unnecessary to decide” whether Singh was also removable under sections 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) and (2)(B)(i). AI-4 n.l.
The BIA said it would apply the categorical approach described in Moncrieffe. It noted Moncrieffe’s qualification that “there must be a realistic probability, not a theoretical possibility, that the State would apply its statute to conduct that falls outside the generic definition of a crime.” AI-5 (quoting Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1685 (internal quotation marks omitted)). The BIA stated Singh was convicted of “knowingly ... possessing with intent to deliver a counterfeit controlled substance as well as conspiracy to do so.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
The BIA described its initial task under the categorical approach as deciding “whether possession of a mislabeled controlled substance with intent to transfer it to another person in violation of § 780-113(a)(30) is necessarily conduct punishable as a Federal felony.” AI-6. It held Singh’s “conviction record gave the Immigration Judge good reason to believe that the [substance] at issue in his case was a Federally controlled substance at the time of his conviction.” AI-7. The BIA looked to what it called Singh’s “plea agreement” and said it contained “an affirmative stipulation that the facts set forth in the Criminal Complaint and Affidavit of Probable cause filed against [Singh were] an accurate statement of [his] role in regard to the charges to which [he was] pleading guilty.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). The BIA further stated that “[t]he attached Criminal Complaint and Affidavit of Probable Cause both identified] the offending substance at issue in the respondent’s case as ‘JWH-122,’ a synthetic can-nabinoid that was added to the Federal controlled substance schedules by name on July 9, 2012.” Id. (internal citation omitted).
Finding no “reported decision of a Pennsylvania court in which a defendant was convicted ... [for] conduct involving a substance that was not included in the Federal controlled substance schedules,” AI-6, and that Singh’s own case did not involve that kind of substance, the BIA held “there [wa]s no ‘realistic probability’ that Pennsylvania actually prosecutes people under § 780-113(a)(30) for misconduct involving substances that are not federally controlled,” AI-8. Accordingly, the BIA concluded DHS carried its burden of proving by clear and. convincing evidence that Singh’s offense of conviction was an aggravated felony, and dismissed. Singh’s appeal. Singh petitioned us for review.
II.
The IJ had jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1229a, The BIA had jurisdiction under 8 C.F.R. §§ 1003.1(b)(3) and 1240.15. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a). Although “no court shall have jurisdiction to review any final order of removal against an alien who is removable” for having been convicted of an “aggravated felony,” id. § 1252(a)(2)(C), we have jurisdiction to determine “whether the necessary jurisdiction-stripping facts are present in a particular case,” including “whether [the alien] has been convicted of one of the enumerated offenses,” Borrome v. Att’y Gen. of the U.S., 687 F.3d 150, 154 (3d Cir. 2012).
“When the BIA issues its own decision on the merits, rather than a summary affirmance, we review its decision, not that of the IJ.” Chavez-Alvarez v. Att’y Gen. U.S., 783 F.3d 478, 482 (3d Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). “We may consider the opinion of the IJ only insofar as the BIA deferred to it.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). Whether an alien’s offense is an aggravated felony “is reviewed de novo as it implicates a purely legal question that governs the appellate court’s jurisdiction.” Restrepo v. Att’y Gen. of the U.S., 617 F.3d 787, 790 (3d Cir. 2010).
III.
A.
The BIA applied the categorical approach, rather than the modified categorical approach, to determine whether Singh was convicted of an aggravated felony. See AI-8 (“[W]e find it unnecessary to conduct a ‘modified categorical’ inquiry in this matter.”). Although Singh never squarely contends in his opening brief that this was error, he suggests that in cases involving section 780-113(a)(30), “the categorical and modified-categorical approach must be employed to identify the type of substance involved.” Br. Appellant 27. We treat this as a request to apply the modified categorical approach. The government also says the modified categorical approach is proper, requesting that we “remand to allow the Board to apply the modified categorical analysis in the fust instance.” Resp’t’s Answering Br. 9.
We agree with both Singh and the government that the BIA should have applied the modified categorical approach. In a recent immigration case, we held section 780-113(a)(30) is divisible “with regard to both the conduct and the controlled substances to which it applies.” Bedolla Avila v. Att’y Gen. U.S., 826 F.3d 662, 666 (3d Cir.2016). Accordingly, reliance on the modified categorical approach is proper, and the BIA erred in concluding that it was “unnecessary to conduct a ‘modified categorical’ inquiry in this matter.” AI-8.
B.
The government contends we should remand this matter to the BIA to conduct the modified categorical analysis in the first instance. It contends Singh’s “challenge to the immigration judge’s analysis under the modified categorical approach is not properly before the Court” because “[t]he Board did not uphold the immigration judge’s analysis, and the Court reviews the Board’s decision and only the aspects of the immigration judge’s decision that the Board considered.” Resp’t’s Answering Br. 13 n.4. But the BIA attempted to answer the same question with which we are faced: whether Singh’s conviction under section 780-113(a)(30) is an aggravated felony. And whether that is so “is reviewed de novo as it implicates a purely legal question.” Restrepo, 617 F.3d at 790. Accordingly, we will address whether Singh’s conviction is an aggravated felony under the modified categorical approach.
C.
1.
Under the modified categorical approach, an adjudicator must “determine which particular offense the noncitizen was convicted of.” Moncrieffe, 133 S.Ct. at 1684. The BIA addressed only Singh’s conviction under section 780-113(a)(30). That section outlaws “the manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance ... or knowingly creating, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver, a counterfeit controlled substance.” 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30). As the BIA noted, Pennsylvania law defines a counterfeit controlled substance to mean a controlled substance:
which, or the container or labeling of which, without authorization, bears the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser other than the person or persons who in fact manufactured, distributed, or dispensed such substance and which thereby is falsely purported or represented to be the product of, or to have been distributed by, such other manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.
35 P.S. § 780-102(b). Pennsylvania law defines a controlled substance, in turn, as “a drug, substance, or immediate precursor included in Schedules I through V of [the Pennsylvania Drug and Alcohol Abuse Control Act (PDAACA) ].” 35 P.S. § 780-102(b). Those schedules are codified at 35 P.S. § 780-104.
“The first task for a ... court faced with an alternatively phrased statute is ... to determine whether its listed items are elements or means.” Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2256. Elements are “the ‘constituent parts’ of a crime’s legal definition—the things the ‘prosecution must prove to sustain a conviction.’ ” Id. at 2248 (quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 634 (10th ed. 2014)). If the listed items “are elements, the court should do what we have previously approved: review the record materials to discover which of the enumerated alternatives played a part in the defendant’s prior conviction, and then compare that element (along with all others) to those of the generic crime.” Id. at 2256. “But if instead they are means, the court has no call to decide which of the statutory alternatives was at issue in the earlier prosecution.” Id.
When a ruling from an “authoritative source[ ] of state law” resolving this means-or-elements question “exists, a ... judge need only follow what it says.” Id. Here, we have that kind of ruling from the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. In Commonwealth v. Swavely, a defendant was convicted under section 780-113(a)(30) of “possession with intent to deliver and delivery of a [Pennsylvania] Schedule II controlled substance (Tuinal) and possession with intent to deliver and delivery of a [Pennsylvania] Schedule IV controlled substance (Talwin).” 554 A.2d 946, 947 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1989). The court held “[e]ach offense includes an element distinctive of the other, ie. the particular controlled substance.” Id. at 949. Accordingly, drug identity—“the particular controlled substance” at issue—is an element of section 780-113(a)(30).
This holding is consistent with the weight of our prior precedent and other judicial authority. In Bedolla Avila, we held section 780—113(a)(30) “is divisible with regard to both the conduct and the controlled substances to which it applies 826 F.3d at 666 (emphasis added). In United States v. Abbott, we held “the type of drug, insofar as it increases the possible range of penalties, is an element” of section 780-113(a)(30). 748 F.3d 154, 159 (3d Cir. 2014). And in United States v. Tucker, we stated “[possession (or manufacture, or delivery) of a ‘controlled substance’ is an element of the [section 780-113(a)(30) ] offense; to prove it, the prosecution must prove that the substance in question was one of those enumerated in Pennsylvania’s controlled substance schedules.” 703 F.3d 205, 215 (3d Cir. 2012). Finally, the Ninth Circuit has held a similar list of controlled substances consists of alternative elements, and is accordingly divisible. See Coronado v. Holder, 759 F.3d 977, 984-85 (9th Cir. 2014), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 1492, 191 L.Ed.2d 430 (2015).
2.
Because drug identity is an element of a conviction under section 780-113(a)(30), next, we must “do what [the Supreme Court] ha[s] previously approved: review the [Shepard-approved] record materials to discover which of the enumerated alternatives played a part in the defendant’s prior conviction, and then compare that element (along with all others) to those of the generic crime.” Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2256. “Whether one of these Shepard-approved documents ‘contains sufficient information to permit a conclusion about the character of the defendant’s previous conviction will vary from case to case.’ ” United States v. Marrero, 743 F.3d 389, 395 (3d Cir. 2014) (quoting United States v. Johnson, 587 F.3d 203, 213 (3d Cir. 2009)).
Here, documents both Moncrieffe and Shepard identified as relevant to our inquiry in guilty-plea cases—Singh’s plea agreement and plea colloquy—contain sufficient information to permit a conclusion about the character of Singh’s previous conviction. Singh’s “Negotiated Plea Agreement and Guilty Plea Colloquy” describes his conviction as involving a “PA Counterf[e]it Substance—Non Fed.” AII-239. And the transcript of Singh’s oral plea colloquy indicates he pled guilty to “possession with intent to deliver a counterfeit substance under Pennsylvania law but not under federal law” and “criminal conspiracy to commit possession with the intent to deliver, a counterfeit substance, which is designated a counterfeit substance, under Pennsylvania law but not under federal law.” AII-299. These documents permit us to conclude that whichever drug identity Singh’s previous conviction involved, it was not a drug identity listed as á féderal controlled substance.
“[C]ompar[ing] th[e] element” of drug identity “(along with all others) to those of the generic crime,” Mathis, 136 S.Ct. at 2256, we conclude the elements of Singh’s crime of conviction do not “sufficiently match” the elements of the generic federal offense, id. at 2248. That is, Singh’s crime of conviction does not “categorically fit[] within the ‘generic’ federal definition of a corresponding aggravated felony.” Moncrieffe, 138 S.Ct. at 1684.
The relevant federal “corresponding aggravated felony” here is “illicit trafficking in a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of Title 21), including a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 924(c) of Title 18).” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(B). As we have noted, , a “drug trafficking crime” is defined as “any felony punishable under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. [§ ] 801 et seq.).” 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(2). And the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) outlaws “knowingly ... possessing] with intent to distribute or dispense, a counterfeit substance.” 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a), (a)(2). This is the appropriate generic federal offense analog for convictions for “knowingly possessing with intent to deliver a counterfeit controlled substance” under section 780-113(a)(30).
The CSA defines a “counterfeit substance” as:
a controlled substance which, or the container or labeling of which, without authorization, bears the trademark, trade name, .or other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser other than the person or persons who in fact manufactured, distributed, or dispensed such substance and which thereby falsely purports or is represented to be the product of, or to have been distributed by, such other manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.
21 U.S.C. § 802(7). The CSA further defines “controlled substance” as “a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of part B of [title 21, chapter 13, subchapter I].” 21 U.S.C. § 802(6). These schedules are codified at 21 C.F.R. § 1308.11 to .15. By definition, a “PA Counterf[e]it Substance—Non Fed,” AII-239, or a “counterfeit substance under Pennsylvania law but not under federal law,” AII-299, cannot be a substance listed on one of these schedules. Accordingly, Singh’s crime of conviction does not sufficiently match the elements of the generic federal offense, and his conviction under section 780-113(a)(30) was not for an aggravated felony. The BIA erred in conducting a “realistic probability” inquiry, and concluding otherwise.
IV.
Accordingly, we will grant the petition for review, vacate the order of the BIA, and remand the case to the BIA for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
. We have previously referred to these as the " ‘illicit trafficking element' route and the 'hypothetical federal felony’ route,” respectively. Evanson v. Att’y Gen. of the U.S., 550 F.3d 284, 288-89 (3d Cir. 2008).
. The modified categorical approach is not distinct from the categorical approach, but rather a "tool for implementing the categorical approach.” Descamps v. United States, — U.S.-, 133 S.Ct. 2276, 2284, 186 L.Ed.2d 438 (2013).
. The longer criminal information charged Singh with two counts of each of these offenses. See AII-224 to -225.
. We further note the BIA contended it was not applying the modified categorical approach, but its analysis employed a feature of that approach. Section 780-113(a)(30) outlaws “the manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to deliver, a controlled substance ... or knowingly creating, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver, a counterfeit controlled substance.” The BIA specified “it is undisputed” that Singh was convicted of "knowingly ... possessing with intent to deliver a counterfeit controlled substance," rather than “creating” or “delivering” such a substance. AI-5 (emphasis added); see also Commonwealth v. Mohamud, 15 A.3d 80, 90 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2010) (describing possession as an "element” of section 780-113(a)(30)).
. Ordinarily, in matters of state substantive law, we look to “how the highest court of that state”-—here, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania—"would decide the relevant legal issues.” In re Wettach, 811 F.3d 99, 114 (3d Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). But "[w]here an intermediate appellate state court rests its considered judgment upon the rule of law which it announces, that is a datum for ascertaining state law which is not to be disregarded by a federal court unless it is convinced by other persuasive data that the highest court of the state would decide otherwise.” Sheridan v. NGK Metals Corp., 609 F.3d 239, 254 (3d Cir. 2010) (ultimately quoting West v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 311 U.S. 223, 237, 61 S.Ct. 179, 85 L.Ed. 139 (1940)). Here, there is no opinion or other "persuasive data” on point from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, so it is appropriate to rely on a decision of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.
. In Tucker, we also "rejected” the contention "that Commonwealth v. Kelly, 487 Pa. 174, 409 A.2d 21 (1979), stands for the proposition that the fact finder does not need to find which drug type was involved in the § 780-113(a)(30) violation." Abbott, 748 F.3d at 159 n.5 (citing Tucker, 703 F.3d at 215-16).
. Accordingly, we have no need, to, and do not, consider whether the form document ti-tléd “Guilty Plea Colloquy” amounts to a “comparable judicial record of the factual basis for the plea” that would qualify as a Shepard document,
. The BIA suggested “Pennsylvania courts and prosecutors do not speak authoritatively as to which substances are included in or excluded from the Federal controlled substance schedules.” AI-7. It suggested “State courts and prosecutors clearly have authority to identify which particular substance a defendant was convicted of possessing or distributing, but whether that substance is Federally controlled is a matter for the Federal authorities to decide.” Id. In these statements, the BIA misapprehends the roles of the state court, federal authorities, and the federal courts in controlled-substance cases under the modified categorical approach. Both Mon-crieffe and Shepard expressly direct federal adjudicators, whether sitting on the BIA or on the federal courts, to look to certain state-court records, like plea colloquies, when applying the modified categorical approach. Accordingly, relying on Shepard-approved state-court records to determine whether the substance in a section 780-113(a)(30) case is federally controlled is permissible, even when those records do not identify the drug’s identity. Furthermore, to the extent the BIA purported to fashion a new standard requiring only that the IJ have "good reason to believe,” AI-7, the substance at issue was a federally controlled substance, we reject it as inconsistent with the requirement that the government prove removability by "clear and convincing evidence,” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(3)(A).
.Singh raised before us the question of whether “the proper date for determining whether [his conviction] constituted an aggravated felony was the date of the violation,” or some other date, like the date of conviction. Br. Appellant 33. Because the Shepard documents here preclude the possibility that there is a sufficient match in Singh’s case, regardless of which date is appropriate, we have no need to, and do not, decide this question.
. We recognize Moncrieffe approved of something akin to a "realistic probability” inquiry. But in that case (and in Duenas-Alvarez), the relevant elements were identical. Here, the elements of the crime of conviction are not the same as the elements of the generic federal offense. The Supreme Court has never conducted a “realistic probability” inquiry in such a case. Accordingly, we believe this is a case where the "realistic probability” language is simply not meant to apply.
. We decline to address, and express no opinion on, any of the other arguments Singh raises on appeal.
| CASELAW |
Talk:Grizana massacre
Wordpress source
I removed the statements supported by the Wordpress source. Wordpress is listed Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources and is generally considered unreliable. Furthermore Jan Nyssen is a Geographer not a conflict expert, but is closely associated with the subject of Tigray in terms of Geography [] raising flags about whether he is independent from the subject per WP:USESPS Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 07:56, 17 July 2021 (UTC)
Researchgate.net Tigray Atlas of the humanitarian situation A patchwork of scientific data and claimed massacres
Also concerns about source 2: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349824181_Tigray_Atlas_of_the_humanitarian_situation On the website it's says preprints and early stage research may have not been peer-reviewed yet, raising the question then is what is peer reviewed and what is not. There's a pdf you can download. It's a pdf full of geography research, hydrology research, Land and Vegatation and Massacres. Chapter 2 you can find information about Methodology, and it's mostly through telephone interviews. On chapter 4 page 21-27 you can read more about casualties/claimed massacres and data gathered. It cites social media posts including those posted at Tghat.com. At the end starting from page 73 you see a list of claimed massacres, 245 of them, without any sources cited. On page 76, you find Grizana massacre(number 211) with the claimed casualty number of 11. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 08:27, 17 July 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
[fpc-pascal] Cross-building on from Linux/i386 to Linux/x86-64
patspiper patspiper at gmail.com
Tue May 7 22:43:33 CEST 2013
On 07/05/13 21:01, Jonas Maebe wrote:
> On 07 May 2013, at 19:27, patspiper wrote:
>
>> It is the other way round. My OS is 32 bit Ubuntu and one of the targets is Linux/x86-64, so I assume you mean the 64 bit paths and not the 32 bit ones.
>>
>> I tried setting CROSSOPT (CROSSOPT="-XR/usr/lib64 -Fl/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.7/64"), but the line that fails ("/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc") is:
>> /home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/compiler/ppc fpmake.pp -n -Fu/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/packages/fpmkunit/units_bs/i386-linux -Fu/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/rtl/units/i386-linux -Xd -Xt -gl
>>
>> None of the paths from CROSSOPT are mentioned in the above line.
> That is by design. fpmake runs on the host, not on the target. /home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/compiler/ppc is a native compiler (so i386->i386 in your case). Options specific to compiling fpmake can be passed using FPMAKEOPT, so add FPMAKEOPT="-Fl/path/to/32bit/libgcc/directory" to your build invocation.
Shouldn't it be FPCMAKEOPT for compiling fpmake.pp? FPMAKEOPT seems to
pass options to fpmake itself.
Cross compiling for Linux/x86_64 with
FPCMAKEOPT="-Fl/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.7" went past the previous
error point, but yet yielded another error:
./fpmake compile --localunitdir=.. --os=linux --cpu=x86_64 -o -Px86_64
-o -XPx86_64-linux- -o -Xr -o -Ur -o -Xs -o -O2 -o -n -o
-Fu/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/rtl/units/x86_64-linux
-o -Cg -o -Xt -o -dx86_64 -o -dRELEASE
--compiler=/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/compiler/ppcrossx64
-bu -sp -o -XX -o -CX
make[2]: *** [smart] Error 216
make[2]: Leaving directory
`/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1/packages'
make[1]: *** [packages_smart] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/user1/Programs/fpc/fpsrc/exported/2.7.1'
make: *** [build-stamp.x86_64-linux] Error 2
What could be causing this error?
Note: I used the following (part of a script) to build the cross
compiler (the 1st one triggers the errors):
${MAKE} clean all OS_TARGET=${OS} CPU_TARGET=${CPU} OPT="-Xt"
FPCMAKEOPT="-Fl/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.7"
${MAKE} crossinstall INSTALL_PREFIX=${DESTDIR} OS_TARGET=${OS}
CPU_TARGET=${CPU} OPT="-Xt" CROSSOPT="-Xd"
FPCMAKEOPT="-Fl/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.7"
> I also don't know where the "-Xd" comes from in the above compiler invocation. If you added that yourself, remove it again.
I inherited it from the buildcrosssnapshot script found in
fpcbuild-2.6.2.zip, and never even thought about its effect.
> At most, you can add it to CROSSOPT, but never to OPT (since it tells FPC to not search the standard library paths and OPT is used for "native" compiles, so why would you want the compiler not to search the standard library paths when doing native compiles?). And you don't need it at all, not even in CROSSOPT, if you use -XR in CROSSOPT (or rather: you mustn't use it at all if you use -XR, since that will then prevent the compiler from searching the standard library paths under the alternative root).
I suppose the multiarch root path for Linux/x86_64 should be
/usr/lib/i686-linux-gnu, but this directory does not exist even on
Ubuntu 13.04. Any ideas?
>>>> http://bugs.freepascal.org/view.php?id=24372
>>> And does the linker not interpret that parameter correctly? Even if it doesn't, that does not appear to be a problem specific to cross building.
>> I tried to replace the include directive with the actual paths. No improvement. Either it is not needed by the cross building process
> It is most likely completely unrelated to what you are experiencing here.
Once I am able to rebuild the cross compilers, I'll restore the include
directive and hence find out for sure.
Note: Are crossall, FPMAKEOPT, FPCMAKEOPT, etc.. mentioned in any fpc
manual? I could not find them.
Thanks for your support!
Stephano
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Oracle Java ME Embedded
Package com.oracle.deviceaccess.dac
Interfaces and classes for writing analog outputs using a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC).
See: Description
Package com.oracle.deviceaccess.dac Description
Interfaces and classes for writing analog outputs using a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC).
One DAC converter can have several channels. Each channel can generate an analog output from numerical values that are converted to output voltages.
In order to access and control a specific DAC channel, an application should first open and obtain an DACChannel instance for the DAC channel the application wants to access and control, using its numerical ID, name, type (interface) and/or properties:
Using its ID
DACChannel channel = (DACChannel) PeripheralManager.open(5);
Using its name and interface
DACChannel channel = (DACChannel) PeripheralManager.open("LED", DACChannel.class, null);
Once the peripheral opened, an application can write output values to a DAC channel using methods of the DACChannel interface such as the setValue method.
channel.setValue(brightness);
When done, the application should call the DACChannel.close() method to release DAC channel.
channel.close();
The following sample codes give examples of using the DAC API:
class VaryingDimmer implements GenerationListener {
private DACChannel channel = null;
public void start(int channelID) throws IOException, PeripheralNotAvailableException, PeripheralNotFoundException {
if (channel != null) {
throw new InvalidStateException();
}
channel = (DACChannel) PeripheralManager.open(channelID);
channel.setSamplingInterval(1000); // every 1000 milliseconds
// Creates a series of samples varying from min value to max value
int[] values = new int[10];
int min = channel.getMinValue();
int max = channel.getMaxValue();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
values[i] = min + (((max - min) / (values.length - 1)) * i);
}
channel.startGeneration(values, 0, values.length, false, this);
}
public void outputGenerated(GenerationEvent event) {
event.setActualNumber(event.getNumber()); // Replay the same sample series
}
public void stop() throws IOException, PeripheralNotAvailableException {
if (channel != null) {
channel.stopGeneration();
channel.close();
}
}
}
Because of performance issue, procedures handling analog outputs, and especially event listeners, should be implemented to be as fast as possible.
Security
DAC channels are opened by invoking one of the com.oracle.deviceaccess.PeripheralManager.open methods. The "com.oracle.deviceaccess.dac" permission allows access to be granted to DAC channels as a whole.
Oracle Java ME Embedded
Copyright (c) 1990, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hot Water & Milk
"Hot Water & Milk" (also known as Hot Water and Milk) is a song by Australian alternative rock band, Spiderbait and was released in December 1996 as the second single from the band's third studio album Ivy and the Big Apples. It peaked at number 78 on the Australian chart. | WIKI |
Brendan OConnor Brendan OConnor - 2 months ago 9x
Scala Question
Read entire file in Scala?
What's a simple and canonical way to read an entire file into memory in Scala? (Ideally, with control over character encoding.)
The best I can come up with is:
scala.io.Source.fromPath("file.txt").getLines.reduceLeft(_+_)
or am I supposed to use one of Java's god-awful idioms, the best of which (without using an external library) seems to be:
import java.util.Scanner
import java.io.File
new Scanner(new File("file.txt")).useDelimiter("\\Z").next()
From reading mailing list discussions, it's not clear to me that scala.io.Source is even supposed to be the canonical I/O library. I don't understand what its intended purpose is, exactly.
... I'd like something dead-simple and easy to remember. For example, in these languages it's very hard to forget the idiom ...
Ruby open("file.txt").read
Ruby File.read("file.txt")
Python open("file.txt").read()
Answer
val lines = scala.io.Source.fromFile("file.txt").mkString
By the way, "scala." isn't really necessary, as it's always in scope anyway, and you can, of course, import io's contents, fully or partially, and avoid having to prepend "io." too.
The above leaves the file open, however. To avoid problems, you should close it like this:
val source = scala.io.Source.fromFile("file.txt")
val lines = try source.mkString finally source.close()
Another problem with the code above is that it is horrible slow due to its implementation nature. For larger files one should use:
source.getLines mkString "\n"
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Welcome to Year 5 (Newton class) ! We chose Sir Isaac Newton as our influential figure, as we had been studying forces as part of our science topic and we felt that Newton had made a significant impact upon the world.
Isaac Newton is considered one of the most important scientists in history. Even Albert Einstein said that Isaac Newton was the smartest person that ever lived. During his lifetime Newton developed the theory of gravity, the laws of motion (which became the basis for physics), a new type of mathematics called calculus, and made breakthroughs in the area of optics such as the reflecting telescope.
Isaac Newton made many scientific discoveries and inventions throughout his career. Here is a list of some of the most important and famous ones.
Many historians also believe that Newton invented the cat flap ! Supposedly, his inventions were always being disturbed by his cats scratching at the door to be let in. A frustrated Newton ordered a carpenter to cut holes in his wooden doors, so that his cats could come and go without disturbing him.
Do you have any ideas for this page? Why not let your Teacher know!
Have you seen the Kids’ Zone? Play games and visit some cool websites. You can vote for your favourites. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:Gaskell - North and South, vol. II, 1855.djvu/93
and we have never known where to seek for proofs of your justification. Now, for Miss Barbour's sake, make your conduct as clear as you can in the eye of the world. She may not care for it; she has, I am sure, that trust in you that we all have; but you ought not to let her ally herself to one under such a serious charge, without showing the world exactly how it is you stand. You disobeyed authority—that was bad; but to have stood by, without word or act, while the authority was brutally used, would have been infinitely worse. People know what you did; but not the motives that elevate it out of a crime into an heroic protection of the weak. For Dolores' sake, they ought to know."
"But how must I make them know? I am not sufficiently sure of the purity and justice of those who would be my judges, to give myself up to a court-martial, even if I could bring a whole array of truth-speaking witnesses. I can't send a bellman about, to cry aloud and proclaim in the streets what you are pleased to call my heroism. No one would read a pamphlet of self-justification so long after the deed, even if I put one out."
"Will you consult a lawyer as to your chances of exculpation?" asked Margaret, looking up, and turning very red.
"I must first catch my lawyer, and have a look at him, and see how I like him, before I make him into my confidant. Many a briefless barrister might twist his conscience into thinking, that he could earn a hundred pounds very easily by doing a good action—in giving me, a criminal, up to justice."
"Nonsense, Frederick!—because I know a lawyer | WIKI |
You are on page 1of 5
Assignment 1 Dr Chong Fai Kait
Chapter 1
1. Consider the atoms of 26 27
12 Mg and 13 Al . Both of these atoms have the same
a. number of electrons.
b. mass number.
c. number of neutrons.
d. number of protons.
2. Consider the atoms of 59Co and 60Co. Both of these atoms have the same
a. number of electrons.
b. mass number.
c. number of neutrons.
d. number of protons.
3. Consider the atoms of 65Cu and 65Zn. Both of these atoms have the same
a. number of electrons.
b. mass number.
c. number of neutrons.
d. number of protons.
4. Compare 26 27
12 Mg and 13 Al . In what respect do these atoms differ?
a. Number of electrons and number of protons
b. Number of neutrons and number of protons
c. Mass number and number of protons
d. Mass number and number of electrons
5. A neutral iodine atom has an mass number of 131. Which description below fits this atoms?
a. 39 protons, 78 neutrons, 39 electrons
b. 53 protons, 78 neutrons, 53 electrons
c. 53 protons, 131 neutrons, 53 electrons
d. 53 protons, 131, neutrons, 78 electrons
65
6. Which description below fits the 29 Cu 2 ion?
a. 29 protons, 65 neutrons, 29 electrons
b. 29 protons, 36 neutrons, 27 electrons
c. 31 protons, 34 neutrons, 29 electrons
d. 29 protons, 36, neutrons, 34 electrons
7. Which description below fits the 112
48 Cd
2
ion?
a. 48 protons, 64 neutrons, 48 electrons
b. 48 protons, 62 neutrons, 48 electrons
c. 48 protons, 64 neutrons, 46 electrons
d. 50 protons, 64, neutrons, 48 electrons
1
8. A naturally occurring element consists of three isotopes:
isotope 1 46.972 amu 69.472%
isotope 2 48.961 amu 21.667%
isotope 3 49.954 amu 8.861%
What is the average atomic mass of this naturally occurring element?
a. 47.667 amu
b. 47.699 amu
c. 48.629 amu
d. 48.961 amu
9. A naturally occurring element consists of two isotopes:
isotope 1 68.5257 amu 60.226%
isotope 2 70.9429 amu ??????%
What is the average atomic mass of this naturally occurring element?
a. 69.487 amu
b. 69.743 amu
c. 69.972 amu
d. 69.934 amu
10. Common table salt, sodium chloride, contains 2.87 g of sodium for every 4.43 g of chloride. If a sample
of sodium chloride contains 7.12 g of chloride, what mass of sodium does it contain?
11. Magnesium chloride, contains 6.08 g of magnesium for every 17.73 g of chloride. If a sample of
magnesium chloride contains 3.47 g of magnesium, what mass of chloride does it contain?
12. A certain element X forms a compound with oxygen in which there is one atom of X for each atom of
oxygen. In this compound, 2.27 g of X are combined with 0.662 g of oxygen.
What is element X?
2
Chapters 2& 3
1. What is the correct name for the compound IBr3?
a. Bromic iodide
b. Iodine bromate
c. Iodine tribromide
d. Iodine tribromine
2. What is the correct name for the compound S2Cl2?
a. Disulfur chlorate
b. Disulfur dichloride
c. Disulfur dichlorine
d. Sulfur(i) chloride
3. What is the correct name for the compound HI?
a. Hydriodic acid
b. Hydrogen monoiodide
c. Hydrogen iodide
d. Iodic acid
4. What is the correct name for the compound HCN?
a. Hydrocarbonitride
b. Hhydrocyanic acid
c. Hydrogen carbonitride
d. Hydrogen cyanide
5. After evaluating the following expression, how many significant figures should be displayed in the final
result?
13.726 0.027
8.221
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
6. After evaluating the following expression, how many significant figures should be displayed in the final
result?
1.700 0.5438
8.2
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
3
7. What is the correct formula for lithium phosphate?
8. What is the correct formula for barium sulfite?
9. The mass of 5.20 moles of glucose, C6H12O6, is correctly expressed as
a. 1.56 x 10-21 g
b. 31.2 g
c. 34.7 g
d. 937 g
e. 6.43 x 1020 g
10. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are there in 154.0 grams of carbon dioxide?
a. 3.499
b. 2.107 x 1024
c. 4.214 x 1024
d. 9.274 x 1025
e. 4.081 x 1027
11. What is the percent, by weight, of calcium in Ca(OCl)2? Use the atomic weights provided in your text.
a. 28.030
b. 28.571
c. 31.562
d. 43.787
e. 44.493
12. A new compound contains nitrogen, hydrogen, boron, and fluorine. The assay values are: nitrogen,
13.360%; hydrogen, 3.8455%; boron, 10.312%. Determine its empirical formula.
a. NH3BF3
b. NH4B3F
c. N4HB4F
d. NH4BF4
e. NH3BF4
13. A compound contains arsenic and oxygen as the only elements. A 1.626 g sample of the compound
contains 1.232 g of arsenic. From this data, after determining the percent composition, by weight, what is
the calculated empirical formula for the compound?
a. As2O
b. AsO
c. As2O3
d. AsO2
e. As2O5
14. A 4.626 gram sample of a hydrocarbon, upon combustion in a combustion analysis apparatus, yielded
6.484 grams of carbon dioxide. The percent, by weight, of carbon in the hydrocarbon is therefore:
a. 38.25%
b. 19.47%
c. 71.35%
d. 40.16%
e. 42.16%
4
15. Which one of the following is definitely not an empirical formula?
a. C12H16O3
b. C12H22O11
c. C3H8O2
d. C4H12N2O
e. C6H12O4
16. A compound has an empirical formula CH2Cl. An independent analysis gave a value of 98.9 for its molar
mass. What is the correct molecular formula?
a. CH2Cl
b. C2H4Cl2
c. C2H2Cl4
d. C3H6Cl3
e. C3H3Cl6
17. When BaCl2 reacts with Na3PO4, Ba3(PO4)2 and NaCl are formed. How many moles of Ba3PO4 are
formed for each mole of BaCl2 that is consumed?
a. 3
b. 1
c. 0.3333
d. 2.3333
e. 1.5
18. The left side of a balanced chemical equation is shown below,
K2Cr2O7 + 4 H2SO4 + 3 SeO2
If 0.600 moles of K2Cr2O7, 2.800 moles of H2SO4 and 1.500 moles of SeO2 are brought together and
allowed to react, then
a. H2SO4 is the limiting reagent
b. K2Cr2O7 is the limiting reagent
c. there are 1.300 moles of H2SO4 in excess
d. there are 0.100 moles of K2Cr2O7 in excess
e. there are 0.300 moles of SeO2 in excess | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Clarissafilefestival
Hello! I'm an Art History researcher and curator, interested in investigating art and technology artists, artworks, exhibitions and digital archives. | WIKI |
Page:The silent prince - a story of the Netherlands (IA cu31924008716957).pdf/51
The Huguenot preacher had some difficulty in quieting his terrified flock. They all sprang to their feet as one man, and catching sight of the handsome, richly attired nephew of their enemeyenemy [sic], Baron Berlaymont, the cry arose on all sides, “We are betrayed! Seize him!”
“Not so, brethren,” said Francis Junius as he went forward and placed his hand on the lad's shoulder. “Hugo Berlaymont desires to know the truth, and once convinced of the truth he will cast in his lot with us. It was with my permission that he came here to-night. Greet him as a brother.”
With an impulsive movement Hugo flung his arms about the preacher in loving admiration. Then he turned to meet the questioning faces about him.
“Fear me not, I am no traitor. I long to be a friend and a brother to every one present.”
With a quick revulsion of feeling, hard, horny hands were eagerly extended on every side to grasp that of the young lord. Distinction of rank 45 | WIKI |
Talk:Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Hello,
I moved this to 'Central Dogma of Molecular Biology' because this is what Crick called it and this is what gets the most google hits. Graft
* But why the capitalization? This ain't a proper noun. Remember this is also a modern concept that has been worked on by many others besides Crick. Also, genetics as a field did not really exist when Crick coined the term - genetics grew from molecular biology. So of course he called it the central dogma of molecular biology since genetics really didn't exist yet. I suggest that this page be moved back. --mav
* However, it does continue to be referred to as such (central dogma of molecular biology) amongst biologists (at least from my limited experience). I have never heard it called the central dogma of genetics (and I don't think it really is genetics, since RNA->Protein is largely outside the domain of genetics, but this is not really relevant to what we should call the article). I capitalize it because i think of it as a title given to that formulation, sort of like "Maxwell's Laws" or something. Maybe it's inappropriate. (Then again, I don't wholly understand when capitalization is appropriate, or even why it's important, given that we probably won't have both "Central dogma of molecular biology" and "Central Dogma of Molecular Biology" as articles.
* As to moving it back, even if I agreed, I wouldn't do it myself (:P) - it was a pain in the ass moving it here. Methinks catching up redirects should be done automatically when a page is moved. Graft | WIKI |
Dan Carmichael McCARTHAN, Petitioner-Appellant, v. WARDEN, FCI ESTILL, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 12-14989.
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
Jan. 20, 2016.
Dan Carmichael McCarthan, FCI Estill-Inmate Legal Mail, pro se.
Roberta Josephina Bodnar, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Orlando, FL, Todd B. Gran-dy, Robert E. O’Neill, Sara C. Sweeney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Tampa, FL, Lisa A.
Hirsch, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Miami, FL, for Respondent-Appellee.
Before MARTIN and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges, and PROCTOR, District Judge.
Honorable R. David Proctor, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama, sitting by designation.
PER CURIAM:
In 2003, Petitioner Dan McCarthan pled guilty to being a felon-in-possession of a firearm. The maximum sentence for a felon-in-possession conviction is ten years’ imprisonment. 18 U.S.C. § 924(a)(2). But the Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), requires sentencing courts to impose a term of imprisonment no lower than 15 years when a defendant has three prior convictions that qualify as serious drug offenses or violent felonies under the ACCA. 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). At the time of his sentencing, McCarthan had five prior convictions that arguably qualified him for an ACCA enhancement, including a 1992 Florida escape conviction. So the sentencing court enhanced McCar-than’s sentence to 211 months’ imprisonment under the ACCA.
Rather than appeal his sentence directly, McCarthan filed an initial habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, collaterally attacking his sentence on grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel. McCarthan’s habeas petition was denied, and we subsequently denied him leave to file a second petition under § 2255.
Then, in 2009, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Chambers v. United States, 555 U.S. 122, 129 S.Ct. 687, 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009), concluding that at least some escape convictions do not qualify as ACCA predicate convictions. Following the issuance of Chambers, McCarthan filed the § 2241 habeas petition at issue here. As a federal prisoner, McCarthan was required to meet the 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e) “savings clause” in order to permit the district court to entertain his § 2241 petition. The district court determined that McCarthan failed to meet the “savings clause” and dismissed his petition for lack of jurisdiction.
McCarthan now appeals the district court’s order dismissing his petition. For the reasons below, we affirm the district court’s order and likewise conclude that the district court lacked jurisdiction to entertain McCarthan’s petition.
BACKGROUND
On April 9, 2002, McCarthan was indicted for possessing a Winchester rifle, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), the statute prohibiting felons from possessing firearms. The indictment alleged that McCarthan knowingly possessed the rifle despite the fact that he had three prior felony convictions, including a 1987 conviction in Florida for possession of cocaine with intent to sell or deliver; a 1992 conviction in Florida for escape; and a 1994 conviction in Florida for third-degree murder. Rather than contest the charge, McCarthan entered a guilty plea o.n March 4, 2003.
In general, the maximum penalty for violating the felon-in-possession statute is ten years’ imprisonment. 18 U.S.C. § 924(a)(2). But the ACCA provides that an individual who violates the statute and who has “three previous convictions ... for a violent felony or a serious drug offense, or both, committed on occasions different from one another” must be sentenced to at least 15-years’ imprisonment. 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1).
Before McCarthan’s sentencing, a probation officer prepared a presentence investigation report (“PSR”). The criminal-history section of the PSR listed the three felony convictions set forth in the indictment, two 1988 felony convictions in Georgia for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, and convictions for lesser offenses. Although the probation officer concluded, based on McCarthan’s criminal history, that McCarthan was subject to an enhanced sentence under the ACCA, the probation officer did not specify which of McCarthan’s prior felony convictions qualified him for the penalty.
Before his sentencing hearing, McCar-than objected to the probation officer’s conclusion that he was subject to the ACCA, arguing that the 1992 escape conviction in Florida was not a violent felony. In response, the probation officer modified the PSR to say,
The Eleventh Circuit has held that a prior escape conviction, even one involving a “walkaway” from a non-secure facility, qualifies as a “crime of violence.” United States v. Gay, 251 F.3d 950 (11th Cir.2001). Incidentally, every other circuit to rule on this issue has held that escape is a crime of violence.
The government did not object to the PSR.
On June 4, 2003, McCarthan had his sentencing hearing. During the hearing, McCarthan objected to the probation officer’s calculation of his base offense level. McCarthan also objected to the probation officer’s addition of' one criminal-history point for a 1993 sentence for opposing an officer without violence, but the probation officer had already corrected the PSR to remove that point. Otherwise, McCarthan’s attorney stated that McCarthan had no further objections to the factual allegations in the PSR or the probation officer’s Sentencing Guidelines calculation. McCar-than’s attorney did not raise his earlier written objection regarding the 1992 escape conviction or otherwise object to the imposition of an ACCA enhancement.
The sentencing judge adopted the remaining facts in the PSR, imposed an ACCA enhancement, and sentenced MeCarthan to 211 months’ imprisonment. In imposing sentence, the district judge, like the PSR, did not expressly identify which of McCarthan’s prior convictions qualified as predicate offenses for purposes of the ACCA enhancement.
MeCarthan did not directly appeal his sentence. Instead, on June 7, 2004, he filed a motion to vacate the sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. That motion did not address the ACCA enhancement, and the district court denied the motion on the merits on September 30, 2004. The district court and this Court then denied McCarthan’s request for a certificate of appealability. And on February 13, 2006, we denied McCarthan’s petition for leave to file a successive § 2255 petition.
After our denial of McCarthan’s 2006 petition, the Supreme Court issued two decisions narrowing the class of crimes that qualify as violent felonies under the ACCA. In 2008, the Supreme Court held that the New Mexico crime of driving under the influence is not a “violent felony” under the ACCA. See Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137, 128 S.Ct. 1581, 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008). A year later, the Supreme Court held that some forms of the Illinois crime of “escape from a penal institution” also do not qualify as violent felonies under the ACCA. See Chambers v. United States, 555 U.S. 122, 129 S.Ct. 687, 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009).
On March 5, 2009, MeCarthan filed a § 2241 habeas petition asserting, without explanation, that he was wrongly sentenced as an armed career criminal. MeCarthan filed an amended petition on June 19, 2009, clarifying that he believed he was wrongly sentenced because his 1992 escape conviction was no longer a violent felony under the Supreme Court’s retroactively applicable decisions in Chambers and Begay.
The government responded that the district court lacked jurisdiction to hear McCarthan’s § 2241 petition. Observing that only petitioners who can show that the remedy provided for under § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of their detention may pursue a remedy under § 2241, see 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e), the government argued that MeCarthan could not meet that threshold requirement. Even without the escape conviction, the government reasoned, MeCarthan still had four predicate offenses for purposes of the ACCA — the two remaining Florida convictions and the two Georgia drug convictions. The district court agreed that it lacked jurisdiction to entertain McCar-than’s § 2241 petition because MeCarthan had “other convictions for crimes that remain classified as ‘violent felonies’ under [the ACCA].” MeCarthan now appeals that Order.
ANALYSIS
A federal prisoner seeking to collaterally attack his sentence must, in most instances, pursue relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Section 2255 grants federal prisoners a cause of action to challenge their sentences as unconstitutional or otherwise unlawful and delineates the procedure for adjudieat-ing these actions. Id. In addition, the so-called “savings clause” contained in § 2255(e) allows a federal court to entertain a federal prisoner’s § 2241 habeas petition in the limited circumstances where the prisoner demonstrates that the remedy in § 2255 “is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e). We have held that .§ 2255(e) imposes a jurisdictional restriction on a federal court’s power to entertain a § 2241 petition. Williams v. Warden, Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 713 F.3d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir.2013), cert. denied sub nom. Williams v. Hastings, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 52,190 L.Ed.2d 29 (2014).
As a result, McCarthan’s appeal of the district court’s denial of his § 2241 habeas petition potentially presents two issues: (1) whether jurisdiction under § 2255(e) exists to entertain McCarthan’s § 2241 claim; and (2) if so, whether McCarthan is entitled to relief on the merits of his § 2241 petition. Because we conclude that the district court lacked jurisdiction to hear McCarthan’s § 2241 petition, we do not reach the merits of McCarthan’s petition.
I. The Savings Clause and Section 2241
Federal courts, of course, are courts of limited jurisdiction, “possessing] only that power authorized by Constitution and statute.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377, 114 S.Ct. 1673, 1675, 128 L.Ed.2d 391 (1994). For this reason, before turning to the merits of any dispute, a federal court must determine whether Congress or the Constitution empowered it to hear the matter at all. See, e.g., Williams, 713 F.3d at 1337.
In the realm of habeas, Congress has erected a substantial limitation on the power of federal courts to entertain federal prisoners’ § 2241 petitions. As we have noted, the § 2255 savings clause strips federal courts of subject-matter jurisdiction to entertain a federal prisoner’s § 2241 habe-as petition, unless the prisoner demonstrates that the remedy in § 2255 “is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e); Williams, 713 F.3d at 1340. In other words, whether a federal prisoner pursuing a § 2241 petition meets the § 2255(e) savings clause and thereby opens the portal to § 2241 merits consideration is a threshold issue that must be resolved before turning to the merits of a § 2241 petition.
Notably, § 2255(h) prohibits federal prisoners from filing second or successive § 2255 petitions unless there is newly discovered evidence or a new rule of constitutional law made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h). In the past, petitioners subject to § 2255(h)’s bar argued that they met the savings clause because § 2255(h), in and of itself, rendered § 2255 inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of their detention. We rejected that proposition. Gilbert v. United States, 640 F.3d 1293, 1307-09 (11th Cir.2011) (en banc). In Gilbert, we held that “the savings clause does not authorize a federal prisoner to bring in a § 2241 petition a claim, which would otherwise be barred by § 2255(h), that the sentencing guidelines were misapplied in a way that resulted in a longer sentence not exceeding the statutory maximum.” Id. at 1323.
But that does not mean that a federal prisoner sentenced to a term of imprisonment longer than the statutory maximum under the ACCA may not pursue a § 2241 petition, even though he is subject to § 2255(h)’s bar. Following our decision in Gilbert, we formulated a five-part test that a petitioner like McCarthan must satisfy in order to meet the savings clause and endow a federal court with jurisdiction to entertain his § 2241 petition. See Bryant Warden, FCC Coleman-Medium, 738 F3d 1253, 1274 (11th Cir.2013). The Bryant test requires McCarthan to show all of the following:
(1) throughout his sentencing, direct appeal, and first § 2255 proceeding, our Circuit’s binding precedent had specifically addressed [his] distinct prior state conviction that triggered § 924(e) and had squarely foreclosed [his] § 924(e) claim that he was erroneously sentenced above the 10-year statutory maximum penalty in § 924(a);
(2) subsequent to his first § 2255 proceeding, [a] Supreme Court[] decision ..., as extended by this Court to [his] distinct prior conviction, overturned our Circuit precedent that had squarely foreclosed [his] § 924(e) claim;
(3) the new rule announced in [the Supreme Court case] applies retroactively on collateral review;
(4) as a result of [the Supreme Court case’s] new rule being retroactive, [his] current sentence exceeds the 10-year statutory maximum authorized by Congress in § 924(a); and
(5) the savings clause in § 2255(e) reaches his pure § 924(e)[] error claim of illegal detention above the statutory maximum penalty in § 924(a).
Id. The purpose of this test is to prevent us from entertaining § 2241 petitions by federal prisoners who could have at least theoretically successfully challenged an ACCA enhancement in an earlier proceeding — that is, to ensure that no other aspect of § 2255 could have been “[ ]adequate or [ ]effective to test the legality of his detention.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e).
II. McCarthan Cannot Access the Savings Clause
As an initial matter, it is immediately obvious that McCarthan’s claim satisfies parts two, three, and five of the Bryant test. Part two of the Bryant test requires McCarthan to demonstrate that, “subsequent to his first § 2255 proceeding, [a] Supreme Court[ ] decision ..., as extended by this Court to [his] distinct prior conviction, overturned our Circuit precedent that had squarely foreclosed [his] § 924(e) claim.” Id. Here, it is undisputed that following- the final disposition of McCarthan’s initial § 2255 petition in 2005, the Supreme Court’s 2008 decision in Be-gay and 2009 decision in Chambers overturned our decision in United States v. Gay, 251 F.3d 950 (11th Cir.2001), where we classified walkaway escape as a violent felony. Following the Supreme Court’s decisions in Begay and Chambers, we issued United States v. Lee, 586 F.3d 859, 874-75 (11th Cir.2009), interpreting Begay and Chambers to include as non-qualifying predicate convictions Florida escape convictions. So McCarthan meets step two of the Bryant test.
McCarthan also satisfies step three of Bryant. This step requires petitioners to demonstrate that a circuit-busting Supreme Court rule “applies retroactively on collateral review.” Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274. We have already held that Begay applies retroactively on collateral review. Id. at 1276-78. We now conclude that Chambers applies retroactively for the same reasons as Begay. As the Supreme Court has explained, new substantive rules, including “decisions that narrow the scope of a criminal statute by interpreting its terms,” generally “apply retroactively because they necessarily carry a significant risk that a defendant stands convicted of an act that the law does not make criminal or faces a punishment that the law cannot impose upon him.” Sehriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348, 352, 124 S.Ct. 2519, 2522-23, 159 L.Ed.2d 442 (2004).
Here, the Supreme Court’s circuit-busting rule in Chambers is substantive for the same reasons we held that Begay is substantive in Bryant. See 738 F.3d at 1276-78. Namely, Chambers, like Begay, narrows the scope of 28 U.S.C. § 924(e) by interpreting the term “violent felony.” See Chambers, 555 U.S. at 127-30, 129 S.Ct. at 691-93. And, as with Begay, “significant risk” exists that some defendants “who were sentenced before [Chambers ] have erroneously received the increased penalties under § 924(e) and now are serving prison terms above the otherwise applicable statutory maximum of 10 years.” Id. For these reasons, Chambers, like Be-gay, is a new substantive rule and applies retroactively on collateral review. McCar-than therefore meets Bryant step three.
As for Bryant step five, McCarthan satisfies that as well. Under step five, a petitioner must demonstrate that “the savings clause in § 2255(e) reaches his pure § 924(e)[] error claim of illegal detention above the statutory maximum penalty in § 924(a).” Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274. Here, Bryant itself dictates that the savings clause reaches McCarthan’s claim of “pure § 924(e)-Begay claim of illegal detention above the statutory maximum penalty in § 924(a).” Id. at 1281-84. Thus, McCarthan meets Bryant step five.
Consequently, only Bryant steps one and four are at issue here. For the reasons below, we conclude that McCarthan meets step one but not step four.
A. McCarthan Satisfies Bryant Step One
At Bryant step one, McCarthan must show that throughout his sentencing, direct appeal, and first § 2255 proceeding, our Circuit’s binding precedent squarely foreclosed him from challenging the ACCA-predicate status of his escape conviction. See id. at 1274. Here, McCarthan argues that throughout his sentencing, direct appeal, and first § 2255 proceeding, he was squarely foreclosed from challenging his Florida escape conviction by our decision in United States v. Gay, 251 F.3d 950 (11th Cir.2001) (per curiam). We agree.
In Gay, we held that escape convictions, including those for walking away from an unsecured correctional facility, categorically qualified as “crime[s] of violence” for the purpose of sentencing defendants as career offenders under the Sentencing Guidelines. Gay, 251 F.3d at 954. Then, in March 2004, we held that the definition of a “crime of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines is “virtually identical” to the definition of a “violent felony” under the ACCA. United States v. Rainey, 362 F.3d 733, 735 (11th Cir.2004). The clear and ineluctable import of our decisions in Gay and Rainey is that McCarthan was squarely foreclosed from arguing that his escape conviction was not a “violent felony” under the ACCA when he filed his initial § 2255 petition in June 2004. Indeed, following the final disposition of McCarthan’s initial § 2255 petition, we cursorily recognized the obvious, observing that Gay memorialized “our rule” “that escape,” including Florida escape, “is categorically a violent felony” under the ACCA. United States v. Taylor, 489 F.3d 1112, 1114, 1114 n. 3 (11th Cir.2007) cert. granted, judgment vacated, 555 U.S. 1132, 129 S.Ct. 990, 173 L.Ed.2d 286 (2009).
The government disagrees, contending that Gay did not squarely foreclose McCarthan from challenging his escape conviction in his initial habeas petition for two reasons. First, Gay held that escape was a “crime of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines, not a “violent felony” under the ACCA. 251 F.3d at 954. Second, the escape conviction in Gay was issued under Georgia’s escape statute, not Florida’s escape statute. Id. at 952. The government argues that, for these reasons, McCarthan was not squarely foreclosed from challenging his Florida escape conviction when he filed his § 2255 petition in June 2004. We are not persuaded.
1. Gay’s Categorical Holding Applied With Equal Force To Sentencing Guidelines Cases and ACCA Cases
The government’s attempt to distinguish Gay on the grounds that it addressed the nature of escape convictions under the Sentencing Guidelines, but not the ACCA, is without merit. As we have often reiterated, the definitions of a “crime of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines and of a “violent felony” under the ACCA are “virtually identical.” See, e.g., United States v. Archer, 531 F.3d 1347, 1352 (11th Cir.2008); Rainey, 362 F.3d at 735. Crimes that “involve! ] conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another” qualify as both “crimels] of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines and “violent felonfies]” under the ACCA. Compare U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 4B1.2(a)(2) (U.S. Sentencing Comm’n 2003) (conviction is a crime of violence if it “otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another”), with 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii) (conviction is a violent felony if it “otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another”). For this reason, we apply decisions on whether a crime presents the requisite potential risk of physical injury to qualify as a “crime of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines in subsequent cases on a crime’s status as a “violent felony” under the ACCA, and vice versa. Gilbert v. United States, 640 F.3d 1293, 1309 n. 16 (11th Cir.2011) (en banc); Turner v. Warden Coleman FCI (Medium), 709 F.3d 1328, 1335 n. 4 (11th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Turner v. Pastrana, — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 2873, 186 L.Ed.2d 923 (2013), abrogated on other grounds by Johnson v. United States, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 2551, 192 L.Ed.2d 569 (2015), and United States v. Hill, 799 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir.2015).
In Gay, we categorically classified “escape” as a “crime of violence” under the Sentencing Guidelines. 251 F.3d at 953-55. In reaching this conclusion, we held that escape “presentís] the potential risk of violence” to qualify as a crime of violence — that is, a serious potential risk of physical injury — “even when it involves a ‘walk-away’ from unsecured correctional facilities.” Id. at 955. We also explicitly agreed with out sister circuits’ decisions holding that the crime of escape categori-eally “presents a serious potential risk of physical injury.” Id. at 953-55. As a result of our holding in Gay, escape convictions necessarily categorically qualified as both crimes of violence under the Sentencing Guidelines and violent felonies under the ACCA. See U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 4331.2(a)(2) (U.S. Sentencing Comm’n; 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii)). Indeed, we later expressly recognized as much. See Taylor, 489 F.3d at 1114 n. 3. As a result, we cannot agree with the government’s contention that Gay did not squarely foreclose McCarthan from challenging his escape conviction because Gay was a Sentencing Guidelines case. Gay’s preclusive effect applied equally in ACCA cases.
2. Gay’s Categorical Holding Applied With Equal Force To Escape Convictions Under Georgia and Florida Law
The government’s attempt to distinguish Gay on the grounds that it involved a Georgia escape statute rather than the Florida escape statute under which McCarthan was convicted is also unpersuasive. In most § 2241 cases, petitioners argue that they were squarely foreclosed from attacking a conviction by our (subsequently overturned) decision on the ACCA status of convictions issued under the-same statute the petitioner was convicted under. See, e.g., Mackey v. Warden, FCC Coleman-Medium, 739 F.3d 657, 662 (11th Cir. 2014); Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274-75. The government would have us limit access to the savings clause to those types of cases. In other words, the government contends that a petitioner cannot succeed at Bryant step one unless he can show that we previously addressed the ACCA status of convictions under the very same statute as the petitioner’s challenged conviction. But our precedent compels us to reject the government’s form-over-substance approach to the squarely foreclosed inquiry.
In Williams v. Warden, Federal Bureau of Prisons, and Bryant, we explained that a challenge is squarely foreclosed when a § 2241 petitioner had no “genuine opportunity” to raise it due to the effect of binding Circuit precedent, and that a challenge is squarely foreclosed if our Court would have been “unwilling to listen to [it].” Williams, 713 F.3d 1332, 1343-44 (11th Cir.2013) cert. denied sub nom. Williams v. Hastings, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 52, 190 L.Ed.2d 29 (2014); Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1275. Gay left McCarthan “no.genuine opportunity” to raise a challenge to his escape conviction, and we would have been “unwilling to listen” to any such challenge, thereby foreclosing any challenge to his escape conviction.
In Gay, as we have mentioned, we categorically classified “escape” as a crime that presents “serious potential risk of physical injury to another.” See 251 F.3d at 953-55. Nowhere in Gay did we limit our holding to Georgia escape convictions. Instead, we surveyed our sister circuits’ decisions on escape convictions obtained under other states’ statutes and concluded that “a prior escape conviction,” not merely a prior Georgia escape conviction, categorically “qualifies as a ‘crime of violence,’ ” “even when it involves a ‘walk-away’ from unsecured correctional facilities.” Id. Indeed, in the interim between Gay and Chambers, we held that Gay's holding precluded a petitioner from challenging the ACCA status of a Florida escape conviction based on “our ... conclusion in Gay that escape is categorically a violent felony.” Taylor, 489 F.3d at 1114 n. 3 (emphasis added).
After Gay, then, even we concluded that petitioners were squarely foreclosed from challenging the ACCA status of escape convictions, regardless of which state’s statute a petitioner was convicted under. Following Gay’s categorical holding, McCarthan had no genuine opportunity to challenge the ACCA status of his escape conviction, and, if he had raised such a challenge on appeal, we would have been unwilling to listen to it. For those reasons alone, McCarthan meets Bryant step one.
We also note, however, that it would be particularly incongruous to hold otherwise in this case. As described above, McCar-than initially objected to the PSR, arguing that his escape conviction was not an ACCA-qualifying offense. In response, the probation officer filed an addendum to the PSR, responding,
The Eleventh Circuit has held that a prior escape conviction, even one involving a “walkaway” from a non-secure facility, qualifies as a “crime of violence.” United States v. Gay, 251 F.3d 950 (11th Cir.2001).
The government did not object to the PSR. The Court subsequently adopted all of the factual statements in the PSR. And, following McCarthan’s initial § 2255 petition, we issued our decision in Taylor, citing nothing other than Gay in support of the proposition that a petitioner was categorically foreclosed from challenging the ACCA status of his Florida escape conviction. Taylor, 489 F.3d at 1114 n. 3. In these circumstances, it would be it would be uniquely unfair for us to now hold that Gay did not, in fact, squarely foreclose McCarthan from challenging his escape conviction.
B. McCarthan Does Not Meet Bryant Step Four ,
At step four, McCarthan must demonstrate that, following the Supreme Court’s decision rendering his squarely foreclosed conviction invalid, his “current sentence exceeds the 10-year statutory maximum authorized by Congress in § 924(a).” Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274. Whether a prisoner may bring a 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition under the savings clause of § 2255(e) and, by extension, whether he meets Bryant step four, is a question of law we review de novo. Id. at 1262.
1. The Difference Between Bryant Step Four And The Merits Analysis Of A § 22Jpl Petition
Before we analyze whether McCarthan has met Bryant step four, we pause to address the operation of this step. The Bryant test is a jurisdictional test, not a merits test: if a petitioner meéts the Bryant test, he establishes jurisdiction under the savings clause, and a federal court is empowered to entertain his § 2241 petition; then, and only then, does a federal court turn to the merits of a § 2241 petition. See Williams v. Warden, Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 713 F.3d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir.2013), cert. denied sub nom. Williams v. Hastings, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 52, 190 L.Ed.2d 29 (2014) (holding that § 2255(e) is a subject-matter jurisdictional limitation on the power of federal courts to entertain a § 2241 petition); Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1262 (“[Wjhether the savings clause in § 2255(e) may open the portal to a § 2241 petition is a ‘threshold’ jurisdictional issue that must be decided before delving into the merits of the petitioner’s claim and the applicable defenses.”).
The fourth prong of the Bryant test requires a prisoner to show that he is not eligible for an ACCA enhancement by demonstrating that he has two or fewer convictions supporting his ACCA enhancement. See Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1279. At first glance, that might appear to be precisely the same determination that we must make on the merits of a § 2241 petition. But, in fact, the language of the savings clause dictates a distinction between our analysis at step four of the Bryant test and our merits determination of a § 2241 petition. Specifically, our jurisdictional and merits analyses differ with respect to how we' treat certain types of predicate convictions and the related issue of procedural default.
In general, a § 2241 petitioner’s ACCA enhancement may be based on two types of predicate convictions: valid predicate convictions and invalid predicate convictions. Valid predicate convictions are those convictions that qualified as ACCA predicate convictions at the time of the petitioner’s sentencing and that remain AC CA-qualifying convictions at the time of habeas review. Invalid predicate convictions, on the other hand, are convictions that do not qualify as ACCA predicate convictions at the time of habeas review.
Invalid predicate convictions fall into two camps. In one camp are invalid predicate convictions that a federal prisoner could not have challenged in his initial § 2255 petition because any challenge was squarely foreclosed by binding Circuit precedent that the Supreme Court only subsequently overturned (“squarely foreclosed convictions”). In the other camp are invalid predicate convictions that a defendant could have, but failed to, challenge earlier (“erroneously counted convictions”).
We treat valid predicate convictions identically at Bryant step four and on the merits. At both Bryant step four and on the merits of a § 2241 petition, we must determine whether a federal prisoner’s ACCA enhancement is supported by three ACCA predicate offenses. Bryant, 788 F.3d at 1274,1278-79. Valid predicate convictions that remain valid, of course, are tallied towards the three predicate offenses at both Bryant step four and on the merits. See id.
However, we treat squarely foreclosed convictions and erroneously counted convictions differently at Bryant step four and at the merits stage. On the merits, it is well established that squarely foreclosed and erroneously counted eonvic-tions will count against a petitioner under the procedural-default rule, unless the government waives the affirmative defense or the petitioner can demonstrate actual innocence or cause and prejudice. Sawyer v. Holder, 326 F.3d 1363, 1366 (11th Cir. 2003) (applying the procedural default rule on the merits of a § 2241 petition). But before we get to the merits analysis, we do not address procedural-default arguments because procedural default is not a jurisdictional bar to exercise of § 2241 jurisdiction, but an affirmative defense that the government may raise to the merits of a petitioner’s habeas claim; and “whether the savings clause in § 2255(e) may open the portal to a § 2241 petition is a ‘threshold’ jurisdictional issue that must be decided before delving into the merits of the petitioner’s claim and the applicable defenses,” including the affirmative defense of procedural default. Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1262. Moreover, the savings clause itself precludes us from addressing procedural ■default at the jurisdictional stage by specifying that a petitioner may access § 2241 regardless of whether he has “failed to apply for relief’ or whether he has been “denied ... relief’ under § 2255. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e); see Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1262. Instead, we look to the language of the savings clause to determine whether to tally squarely foreclosed and erroneously counted convictions against a petitioner at Bryant step four.
The language of § 2255(e) dictates that we will not tally squarely foreclosed and erroneously counted convictions against a § 2241 petitioner at Bryant step four when a timely challenge to those con- ' vietions could not have resulted in a determination that the ACCA enhancement was inapplicable. When, at the time of an initial § 2255 petition, a petitioner has two or fewer valid predicate convictions and one or more squarely foreclosed convictions — the combination of which totals at least three, he would still be subject to an ACCA enhancement, even if he timely challenged any squarely foreclosed and erroneously counted convictions in his initial § 2255 petition. Binding Circuit precedent would require the habeas court to tally the petitioner’s valid predicate convictions and squarely foreclosed convictions against him, adding up to at least three ACCA predicate offenses. As a result, the petitioner could not have obtained relief from his ACCA enhancement, even if the erroneously counted convictions were not tallied against him. In these cases, the remedy in § 2255 is “inadequate or ineffective to test the legality” of the petitioner’s ACCA enhancement at the time of his initial § 2255 petition. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e). As a result, we will not tally a petitioner’s erroneously counted convictions against him at Bryant step four in these cases.
In sum, to survive Bryant step four, a § 2241 petitioner challenging an ACCA enhancement must demonstrate that his eligibility for relief from the enhancement became available only after the Supreme Court retroactively rendered one or more of his squarely foreclosed convictions invalid. This means that, at Bryant step four, a petitioner must (1) look at his predicate convictions (including those the sentencing court counted in imposing an ACCA enhancement and those the sentencing court did not count but for which the government preserved an argument that the sentencing court should have counted in imposing the enhancement); (2) remove erroneously -counted convictions and show that there were still at least three remaining convictions at the time of his initial § 2255 petition; and (3) show that fewer than three valid ACCA predicate convictions remain once all squarely foreclosed convictions are removed. '
2. The Universe of Convictions
Another question we must address before turning to our analysis of whether McCarthan meets Bryant step four is which of McCarthan’s convictions are at issue at Bryant step four. In most cases we see, the PSR or the sentencing court expressly identifies which convictions support a petitioner’s ACCA enhancement. Here, in contrast, neither the sentencing court nor the PSR identified which convictions qualified McCarthan for an ACCA enhancement.
In general, both the PSR and the sentencing court should specifically identify which of a defendant’s prior convictions qualify a defendant for an enhanced ACCA sentence. Title 18, United States Code, Section 3553(c) requires a sentencing court to “state in open court the reasons for its imposition of the particular sentence.” Under this provision, a defendant is entitled to know the specific convictions on which an ACCA enhancement is recommended and imposed. To hold otherwise would raise serious due-process concerns. Cf Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 452, 82 S.Ct. 501, 7 L.Ed.2d 446 (1962) (“[A] defendant must receive reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard relative to [a] recidivist charge even if due process does not require that notice be given prior to the trial on the substantive offense.”); United States v. Moore, 208 F.3d 411, 414 (2d Cir.2000) (“It is settled that due process requires that a defendant have notice and an opportunity to contest the validity or applicability of the prior convictions upon which a statutory sentencing enhancement is based.”).
Here, however, McCarthan did not object to the PSR’s failure to identify which of his prior convictions justified an ACCA enhancement. Nor did McCarthan object to the sentencing court’s adoption of the PSR, or its failure to identify specific prior convictions in support of its imposition of an ACCA enhancement. McCar-than- also did not raise the issue in his initial § 2255 petition. On these facts, McCarthan forfeited any objection to the sentencing court’s failure to identify the specific convictions supporting his ACCA enhancement. We must, therefore, assume that the district court relied on all of McCarthan’s ACCA-qualifying convictions in imposing McCarthan’s ACCA enhancement.
S. McCarthan Does Not Meet the Jurisdictional Inquiry at Bryant Step Four
With these observations in mind, we proceed to determine whether McCarthan has demonstrated that .his “current sentence exceeds the 10-year statutory maximum authorized by Congress in § 924(a).” Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274. We conclude that he has not because he has shown that the 10-year statutory maximum applies in his case.
There is no dispute that, at the time of his sentencing, MeCarthan’s PSR listed five, and only five, prior convictions that arguably qualified as ACCA predicate convictions: (1) a 1987 conviction in Florida for possession of cocaine with intent to sell or deliver; (2) a 1988 felony conviction in Georgia for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute; (3) a second 1988 felony conviction in Georgia for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute; (4) a 1992 conviction in Florida for escape; and (5) a 1994 conviction in Florida for third-degree murder. The parties agree that McCar-than’s 1992 Florida escape conviction is no longer a valid ACCA predicate — in other words, that it is a squarely foreclosed conviction. The parties also agree that the 1987 Florida cocaine conviction was, and remains, a valid predicate conviction that counts against McCarthan at Bryant step four. So we are left to decide whether two or more of McCarthan’s three remaining convictions count against him at Bryant step four.
We first review McCarthan’s two 1988 Georgia convictions for possession of cocaine. Under the ACCA, an enhancement is applicable only when a defendant was previously convicted of three ACCA-qualifying offenses that were “committed on occasions different from one another.” 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). At sentencing, the government is required to show that “the three previous convictions arose out of a separate and distinct criminal episode.” United States v. Proch, 637 F.3d 1262, 1265 (11th Cir.2011). On appeal, we review de novo whether crimes were committed on different occasions within the meaning of the ACCA. United States v. Weeks, 711 F.3d 1255, 1261 (11th Cir.) cert. denied, — U.S. -, 134 S.Ct. 311, 187 L.Ed.2d 220 (2013).
The crux of the ACCA separate-occasions inquiry focuses on whether a defendant “had a meaningful opportunity to desist his activity [after one offense] before committing the [next] offense.” United States v. Pope, 132 F.3d 684, 690 (11th Cir.1998). If so, the two offenses are separate offenses for purposes of imposing an ACCA enhancement; if not, the two offenses count as only a single predicate ACCA offense. Id. In practice, this means that “so long as predicate crimes are successive rather than simultaneous, they constitute separate criminal episodes for purposes of the ACCA.” Id. at 692. “Distinctions in time and place are usually sufficient to separate criminal episodes from one another even when the gaps are small.” Id. at 690.
Thus, we have held that prior convictions were separate ACCA offenses where a defendant committed two burglaries in “immediate succession by breaking into and robbing -two offices that were 200 yards apart from one another,” id. at 689, 692; where a defendant committed two burglary offenses “on the same day at separate addresses on the same street,” Proch, 637 F.3d at 1265; and where a defendant burgled a credit union and, minutes later, broke into a storage shed in the course of fleeing from the police, United States v. Lee, 208 F.3d 1306, 1307 (11th-Cir .2000).
Applying similar separate-occasions tests, our sister circuits have held that two offenses are separate under the ACCA where a defendant robbed the same clerk at the same convenience store twice within a two-hour period, United States v. Washington, 898 F.2d 439, 442 (5th Cir.1990); where a defendant and his accomplice committed armed robbery at a beauty shop and, thirty minutes later, committed a second armed robbery at a nearby bar using the same weapon, United States v. Brady, 988 F.2d 664, 666 (6th Cir.1993); and where a defendant burgled a cake shop and, approximately five to ten minutes later, committed aggravated battery by pushing a policeman to the ground three blocks from the cake shop, United States v. Schieman, 894 F.2d 909, 910 (7th Cir. 1990). In sum, even slight temporal and geographical gaps between the conduct giving rise to prior convictions will dictate that those convictions be considered separate predicate offenses under the ACCA.
In conducting our ACCA separate-occasions inquiry, we may look to only the statutory definitions of the offenses, the charging document, any written plea agreement, any transcript of plea colloquy, and any explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant assented. Shepard v. United States, 544 U.S. 13, 16, 125 S.Ct. 1254, 161 L.Ed.2d 205 (2005). Here, no state-court Shepard documents exist for us to rely on to determine whether MeCarthan’s Georgia convictions qualify as separate ACCA predicate convictions.
Because McCarthan did not object to the court’s adoption of the facts in the PSR, we must consider the, facts in the PSR in evaluating whether MeCarthan’s 1988 Georgia convictions occurred on separate occasions. See, e.g., United States v. Bedeles, 565 F.3d 832, 844 (11th Cir.2009) (“Facts contained in a PSI are undisputed and deemed to have been admitted unless a party objects to them before the sentencing court with specificity and clarity.” (internal quotation marks omitted)); United States v. Wade, 458 F.3d 1273, 1277 (11th Cir.2006) (“It is the law of this circuit that a failure to object to allegations of fact in a PSI admits those facts for sentencing purposes.”).
Here, the criminal-history section of the PSR lists MeCarthan’s two 1988 Georgia convictions for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. Neither party disputes that, in this Circuit, possession of cocaine with intent to distribute is an ACCA predicate conviction. United States v. James, 430 F.3d 1150, 1155 (11th Cir. 2005). Instead, the only issue is whether the two convictions occurred on separate occasions such that they count as two ACCA predicate convictions.
From the PSR, we can glean that both convictions were obtained in Fulton County, Georgia. And, for both convictions, the PSR provides that, “[o]n March 9, 1988[sic] the defendant possessed cocaine with the intent to distribute the substance.” Despite the facial similarity of description, the two convictions are listed as separate convictions and assigned separate criminal-history points for purposes of tallying MeCarthan’s criminal-history score — the probation officer assigned two points for the first conviction and three points for the second conviction — for a total of five points between the two convictions. Nor did McCarthan object. These circumstances are dispositive of our separate-occasions inquiry.
The Sentencing Guidelines used for MeCarthan’s 2004 sentencing (the 2003 Sentencing Guidelines) provided that a defendant’s “[p]rior sentences imposed in unrelated cases [were] to be counted separately,” whereas a defendant’s “[p]rior sentences imposed in related cases [were] to be treated as one sentence.” U.S. SENTENCING GUIDELINES MANUAL § 4A1.2(a)(2) (U.S. Sentencing Comm’n 2003) (emphases added). In the Sentencing Commission’s commentary, the Commission defined “related cases” as follows:
3. Related Cases. Prior sentences are not considered related if they were for offenses that were separated by an intervening arrest (ie., the defendant is arrested for the first offense prior to committing the second offense). Otherwise, prior sentences are considered related if they resulted from offenses that (A) occurred on the same occasion, (B) were part of a single common scheme or plan, or (C) were consolidated for trial or sentencing.
Id. § 4A1.2 cmt. n. 3. So, by not objecting to the PSR, McCarthan acknowledged that his two 1988 Georgia convictions for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute did not “occur[ ] on the same occasion” and that they were not “part of a single common scheme or plan.” Id.
Given this admission, we cannot conceive of how McCarthan’s two Georgia convictions could be considered a single ACCA predicate offense. Because they did not “occur on the same occasion,” id., they necessarily must have occurred successively rather than simultaneously. And the fact that the two crimes were not part of a single common scheme or plan indicates that McCarthan had a “meaningful opportunity to desist” between committing the two crimes, and that there were “[distinctions in time and place” between the two offenses “sufficient to separate [the] criminal episodes from one another.” Id. at 690. In these circumstances, we are bound by our precedent and McCarthan’s admission to conclude that McCarthan’s 1988 Georgia convictions are separate ACCA predicate offenses.
A petitioner cannot successfully argue that two of his predicate ACCA offenses occurred simultaneously rather than sequentially and without a meaningful gap between them — and therefore should have been counted as a single predicate offense under our easelaw — when he has already acknowledged that those same offenses did not occur on the same occasion' and that they were not part of a single common scheme or plan.
In sum, we conclude, as we must, that McCarthan’s two 1988 Georgia cocaine convictions were separate predicate ACCA offenses. As a result, McCarthan does not meet Bryant step four. Even after we disregard his 1992 Florida escape conviction as having been squarely foreclosed, and even if we assume that McCarthan’s 1994 Florida third-degree murder conviction is not a violent felony under the ACCA, McCarthan still has three ACCA-qualifying convictions justifying his ACCA enhancement: his 1987 Florida possession-of-cocaine-with-mtent-to-sell-or-deliver conviction and his two 1988 Georgia possession-of-eocaine-with-intent-to-distribute convictions. For this reason, three qualifying convictions support McCarthan’s ACCA enhancement, and McCarthan cannot satisfy Bryant step four. Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274.
By failing to demonstrate that he meets part four of the Bryant test, McCarthan has failed to establish jurisdiction under the savings clause in § 2255(e). Id. As a result, the district court correctly determined that it lacked subject-matter jurisdiction to entertain McCarthan’s § 2241 petition. Williams v. Warden, Fed. Bureau of Prisms, 713 F.3d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir.2013), cert. denied sub nom. Williams v. Hastings, — U.S. -, 135 S.Ct. 52, 190 L.Ed.2d 29 (2014).
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, we affirm the District Court’s Order dismissing McCarthan’s § 2241 petition for lack of jurisdiction.
AFFIRMED.
PROCTOR, District Judge,
concurring:
I agree with the Majority’s conclusion that the district court did not have jurisdiction to entertain McCarthan’s habeas petition. In reaching this correct judgment, however, the Majority (in its otherwise well-written opinion) finds that McCarthan met the first step of the test adopted in Bryant v. Warden, FCC Coleman-Medium, 738 F.3d 1253 (11th Cir. 2013), but failed to establish the fourth. On this single point I .disagree and write separately to. state why we should also conclude that McCarthan has not satisfied step one of Bryant.
Congress has enacted substantial limits on the jurisdiction of federal courts to hear federal prisoners’ section 2241 petitions. As the Majority has acknowledged, section 2255’s savings clause severely limits a federal court’s subject-matter jurisdiction to entertain a federal prisoner’s section 2241 habeas petition. For a petitioner to establish jurisdiction, he must show that the remedy in section 2255 “is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.” Maj. Op. at 1244 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e)); see Williams, 713 F.3d at 1340. In Bryant, we established a five-step test that district courts in our Circuit must apply in determining what a petitioner like McCarthan must show in order to establish application of section 2255’s savings clause. Id. at 1274 (synthesizing our previous decisions in Wofford v. Scott, 177 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir.1999), Gilbert v. United States, 640 F.3d 1293 (11th Cir.2011), and Williams v. Warden, 713 F.3d 1332 (11th Cir.2013) in determining “what the statutory terms in § 2255(e)’s savings clause mean and how to read § 2255(e) in a way that does not eviscerate or undermine § 2255(h)’s restrictions on second or successive § 2255 motions but also affords some meaning to the savings clause.”).
Turning to the plain language Bryant’s first step, McCarthan is required to show that “throughout his sentencing, direct appeal, and first § 2255 proceeding, our Circuit’s binding precedent had specifically addressed [his] distinct prior state conviction that triggered § 924(e) and had squarely foreclosed [his] § 924(e) claim that he was erroneously sentenced above the 10-year statutory maximum penalty in § 924(a).” Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274. The Majority reads this language to contain a restrictive clause modifying the term “binding precedent.” I disagree. Although this language from Bryant does indeed contain a restrictive clause, that restrictive clause — “that triggered § 924(e)” — restricts (that is, defines) the term “distinct prior state conviction.” In other words, the clause “that triggered § 924(e)” defines which “distinct prior state conviction” must be specifically addressed by our precedent. A fair reading of this language does not permit us to say that the term “distinct prior state conviction” is itself restrictive. It follows that in order to satisfy step one of Bryant, a petitioner must point to a “distinct prior state conviction” that our Court’s binding precedent had specifically addressed, and that our binding precedent had foreclosed an earlier assertion that the “distinct prior state conviction” at issue was improperly counted as a section 924(e) predicate conviction.
It is obviously of no moment if the distinct prior state conviction challenged is only one of many (here, at the time of sentencing, five, and, at present, no less than three) ACCA predicate convictions that would themselves support the enhancement. In such an instance, correcting any error with respect to the counting of that distinct challenged conviction would not change the ACCA calculus. And that is precisely the situation McCarthan faces here. By force of law and logic, his escape conviction could not have been the distinct conviction that triggered section 924(e)’s application (and I use the clause “that triggered section 924(e)’s application” in a restrictive sense) because there were, and continue to be, at least three other convictions that support application of the enhancement.
Again, the Majority’s response to this reading of the Bryant test does nothing more than point out that step one and four are repetitive. I am in complete agreement. This only supports a conclusion that the test announced in Bryant is both clumsy and indefensible as a matter of textual interpretation.
I ■ have no dispute with the Majority’s conclusions that (1) standing in a vacuum, McCarthan’s escape conviction was erroneously counted and, (2) at the time he was sentenced, any argument that his escape was not a violent felony was squarely foreclosed by our binding' Circuit precedent. That is, McCarthan has satisfied part (yet only part) of Bryant’s first step. But that is not enough for him to meet the first element of Bryant. I would conclude that to satisfy Bryant’s step one McCarthan was required to show, among other things, that the escape conviction he now challenges is the distinct conviction that triggered the section 924(e) enhancement. On this record, it is clear that it was not.
In all other respects, I join' in- my colleague’s Majority well-reasoned opinion.
. Motion Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 To Vacate, Set Aside Or Correct Sentence By Person In Federal Custody, McCarthan v. United States, No. 8:04-cv-1288-SDM-MSS (M.D. Fla. June 7, 2004), ECF No. 1.
. Order, McCarthan v. United States, No. 8:04-cv-1288-SDM-MSS (M.D.Fla. Sept. 30, 2004), ECF No. 8
. Order, McCarthan v. United States, No. 8:04-cv-1288-SDM-MSS (M.D.Fla. Jan. 11, 2005), ECF No. 18; Order, McCarthan v. United States, No. 04-16359-G (11th Cir. Apr. 12, 2005).
. In re McCarthan, No. 06-10522-B (11th Cir. Feb. 13, 2006).
. Our colleague construes the first step of Bryant as requiring both (1) that the habeas petitioner demonstrate that a successful objection to the particular predicate conviction used to attempt to open the § 2255(e) portal was squarely foreclosed by our Circuit's binding precedent throughout sentencing, direct appeal, and the first § 2255 proceeding; and (2) that fewer than three qualifying predicate convictions remain when we discount the squarely foreclosed predicate conviction. See Concurrence at 1258-59. We see two problems with this construction of Bryant's first step. First, it elevates a restrictive phrase whose role it is simply to identify which "distinct prior state conviction” "binding precedent had specifically addressed,” to an independent requirement of the first step of Bryant. But step, one of Bryant requires a petitioner to show only that “binding precedent " did two things — that "binding precedent had specifically addressed ... and had squarely foreclosed.” (emphasis added). That is why both verbal phrases in the sentence have the same subject: "binding precedent.” Step one does not impose any requirement regarding the number of qualifying predicate convictions. That is the job of the fourth step of Bryant — which brings us to our second point: as our colleague appears to acknowledge, see Concurrence at 1257 n. 1, his proposed reading of step one renders Bryant's fourth step entirely redundant and unnecessary. See infra at Section II.B.l.
. In Gay, the petitioner was convicted under the Georgia escape statute, which provided that a person is guilty of escape when she or he:
(1) Having been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor or of the violation of a municipal ordinance, intentionally escapes from lawful custody or from any place of lawful confinement;
(2) Being in lawful custody or lawful confinement prior to conviction, intentionally escapes from such custody or confinement;
(3) Having been adjudicated of a delinquent or unruly act or a juvenile traffic offense, intentionally escapes from lawful custody or from any place of lawful confinement;
(4) . Being in lawful custody or lawful confinement prior to adjudication, intentionally escapes from such custody or confinement; or
(5) Intentionally fails to return as instructed to lawful custody or lawful confinement or to any residential facility operated by the Georgia Department of Corrections after having been released on the condition that he or she will so return; provided, however, such person shall be allowed a grace period of eight hours from the exact time specified for return if such person can prove he or she did not intentionally fail to return.
GA. CODE ANN. § 16-10~52(a) (1981-2000); see Gay, 251 F.3d at 952.
. The PSR does not specify which Florida statute formed the basis of McCarthan's escape conviction, but, at the time of his conviction, Florida's escape statute provided:
Any prisoner confined in any prison, jail, road camp, or other penal institution, state, county, or municipal, working upon public roads, or being transported to or from a placement of confinement who escapes or attempts to escape from such confinement shall be guilty of a felony of the second degree.
K.A.N. v. State, 582 So.2d 57, 59 n. 2 (Fla. Dist.Ct.App.1991) (quoting Fla. Stat. § 944.40 (1989)). Florida law also criminalizes “[t]he willful failure of an inmate to remain within the extended limits of his or her confinement or to return within the time prescribed to the place of confinement designated by the department” as a form of "escape.” Fla. Stat. § 945.091(4).
The PSR’s description of McCarthan’s Florida escape conviction provides as follows: According to court records, on February 14, 1988, the defendant signed out for work from the Tampa Community Corrections Center with a return time of 1:30 a.m. on February 15, 1998. He failed to return to [sic] by 1:30 a.m., as required. The defendant returned to the center at 12:58 p.m. on February 15, 1998. The escape report was canceled. At 3:30 p.m. on February 15, 1988, the defendant left the center without permission, and an escape report was again initiated.
From this description, we cannot tell whether McCarthan was convicted under Fla. Stat. § 944.40 or Fla. Stat. § 945.091(4).
. Predicate convictions include (1) a petitioner’s prior convictions that the sentencing court relied upon in imposing the petitioner’s ACCA enhancement; and (2) convictions that the government argued should count as ACCA predicate convictions and for which the government properly preserved an objection to the sentencing court’s failure to identify them as such. The government bears the burden of objecting to a district court’s decision not to rely on certain of a defendant’s ACCA-qualify-ing convictions at sentencing to impose an ACCA enhancement. United States v. Petite, 703 F.3d 1290, 1292 n. 2 (11th Cir.) cert. denied, - U.S. -, 134 S.Ct. 182, 187 L.Ed.2d 124 (2013). If the government fails to object to the district court’s decision to rely on fewer than all ACCA-qualifying convictions, it waives any argument that a sentencing court’s imposition of an ACCA enhancement is justified on the basis of an ACCA-qualifying conviction that the district court could have, but did not, rely on at sentencing. Id. In other words, the government may not substitute a new predicate offense for an invalid predicate offense for the first time on appeal where it failed to object to the sentencing court’s decision not to rely on the new predicate offense at sentencing. Id. Similarly, we will not permit the government to swap out such unidentified ACCA predicate offenses in a petitioner’s collateral attack on his ACCA enhancement. Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1279. Where, however, the government properly preserves an objection to a sentencing court’s failure to identify a defendant’s additional ACCA-qualifying conviction in imposing an ACCA enhancement, the government may rely on the unidentified ACCA conviction in both a § 2251 petition and in a § 2241 petition, in-eluding at both the jurisdictional and merits inquiries in a § 2241 petition.
. For these same reasons, to the extent that our colleague’s Concurrence can be read to suggest that McCarthan must show under Bryant step one that both his escape conviction and his erroneously counted convictions were squarely foreclosed, such a reading conflicts with the language of § 2255(e) requiring only that a petitioner demonstrate that the "remedy by motion” is "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.” And it is only within the context of that statutory language that the Bryant test exists. In other words, the Bryant test is not some independent test that a petitioner must satisfy in addition to the requirement of § 2255(e) to show that the "remedy by motion” is "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality” of [the petitioner’s] detention; rather, the purpose of each step of Bryant is to help us to determine when the "remedy by motion” is "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of [the petitioner's] detention.” See Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274 ("To show his prior § 2255 motion was 'inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention,’ Bryant must establish [the five Bryant factors].”). In turn, the "remedy by motion” is "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of [the petitioner’s] detention” when the sum of validly counted convictions and squarely foreclosed convictions totals at least three, regardless of how many erroneously counted convictions the petitioner may also have. Even if he successfully challenged all erroneously counted convictions, he would still have three convictions (valid and subsequently squarely foreclosed) and not be entitled to relief at the time of his first petition. As a result, it is the squarely foreclosed conviction-and only that conviction-that renders the "remedy by motion” "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of [the petitioner’s] detention,” and thus, that "trigger[s] § 924(e)” for purposes of § 2255(e).
. In cases where a petitioner has both (1) a mix of squarely foreclosed and valid predicate convictions made up of one or more squarely foreclosed convictions and two or fewer valid predicate convictions, totaling at least three, and (2) three or more erroneously counted convictions, there may be a temptation to conclude that a petitioner's procedural default on the erroneously counted convictions precludes him from succeeding on Bryant step four. For instance, a court might be tempted to conclude that, regardless of whether the petitioner successfully challenges his squarely foreclosed conviction(s), he still had three erroneously counted convictions that he failed to challenge in his initial § 2255 petition. But, again, procedural default is an affirmative defense that the government may raise to the merits of a petitioner’s habeas claim, not a bar to the exercise of § 2241 jurisdiction. Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1261-62; see supra at pp. 1251-52. So we do not address procedural default at the jurisdictional stage, including in Bryant step four. Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1261-62; see supra at pp. 1251-52.
Instead, we must determine whether the petitioner could have effectively challenged his ACCA enhancement in an initial habeas petition. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e). In any and every case where a petitioner has two or fewer valid predicate convictions and one or more squarely foreclosed convictions at the time of his initial habeas appeal, totaling at least three convictions, the answer will be no, regardless of how many erroneously counted convictions the petitioner has. Binding Circuit precedent would have dictated that the petitioner’s ACCA enhancement be upheld as being supported by three qualifying predicate offenses even if the petitioner had timely and successfully contested all of the erroneously counted convictions. As a result, the remedy in § 2255 is inadequate or' ineffective to test the legality of a petitioner's ACCA enhancement whenever he has a mix of at least three convictions made up of one or more squarely foreclosed convictions and two or fewer valid predicate convictions at the time of his initial habeas appeal.
In these cases, then, the petitioner will meet Bryant step four. The petitioner will still, however, be required to hurdle the procedural-default bar to obtain relief on the merits. See supra at p. 1251. Notably, the government may choose to waive the procedural-default defense at the merits stage.
. We note that the same sort of analysis would not hold water with respect to PSRs drafted under the current Sentencing Guidelines. The current Sentencing Guidelines are stripped of any reference to "related cases.” U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 4A1.2(a)(2) (U.S. Sentencing Comm’n 2014). Instead, the Guidelines provide as follows:
If the defendant has multiple prior sentences, determine whether those sentences are counted separately or treated as a single sentence. Prior sentences always are counted separately if the sentences were imposed for offenses that were separated by an intervening arrest (i.e., the defendant is arrested for the first offense prior to committing the second offense). If there is no intervening arrest, prior sentences are counted separately unless (A) the sentences resulted from offenses contained in the same charging instrument; or (B) the sentences were imposed on the same day. Treat any prior sentence covered by (A) or (B) as a single sentence.
Id. Under the current Guidelines, then, whether sentences are treated as a single sentence or multiple sentences sheds no light on whether the underlying offenses occurred on separate occasions for purposes of the ACCA.
. Although in considering whether McCar-than may open the portal for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 I am duty-bound to apply the five-part test outlined in Bryant, I agree with Judge William Pryor's concurrence in Samak v. Warden, FCC Coleman-Medium, 766 F.3d 1271, (11th Cir.2014) that the rule contrived in Bryant is indefensible as a matter of textual interpretation. Id. at 1275-95. Indeed, in my view, the cumbersome nature of that test leads to just the type of confusion we have here surrounding whether McCarthan has established the first requirement of the Bryant test. Without question, as currently constructed, steps one and four of Bryant overlap. That is, the clear language of step one requires a petitioner to show that the distinct conviction that is challenged is the one that triggered the application of section 924(e). And step four requires a showing that retroac-five application of a new Supreme Court rule results in a current sentence exceeding the 10-year statutory maximum which Congress authorized in section 924(a). I understand the argument that my reading of Bryant’s step one may render its inquiry at step four superfluous. But this reading of step one does nothing more (or less) than apply the precise language of Bryant. 738 F.3d at 1274. And, again, the confusion created by comparing steps one and four of Bryant serves as an example of why I believe Judge William Pryor’s point in Samak is both well-reasoned and well-taken.
. The Majority says that the test established in Bryant is "not some independent test that a petitioner must satisfy in addition to the requirement of § 2255(e) to show that the 'remedy by motion' is ‘inadequate or ineffective’ to test the legality of [the petitioner’s] detention; rather, the purpose of each step of Bryant is to help us to determine when the 'remedy by motion’ is 'inadequate or ineffective’ to test the legality of [the petitioner’s] detention.” Maj. Op. at 1252 n. 9 (emphasis in original) (citing Bryant, 738 F.3d at 1274). Presumably, the Majority believes this explanation navigates around the problem that the inquiries contained in steps one and four of Biyant are, to some degree, repetitive. But the explanation ignores the point that the Biyant test was expressly formulated to explain how our Circuit interprets the language of the savings clause. That is, Biyant explains how we must read that statutory provision and what a petitioner must show to establish that a prior habeas petition under section 2255 was "inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.” Here, the Majority's reasoning on this point is circular: we must look to the Biyant test to understand what the language and requirements of the statute are (i.e., what a petitioner must show to take advantage of the savings clause); but we must look back to the statute’s language to understand what the Bryant test means. At best, that explanation is like the snake eating its tail. Moreover, the explanation acknowledges that, on some level, the language of section 2255(e) is either in conflict with Biyant, or inconsistent with its test. Of course, I agree. The Biyant test is itself an incorrect (or, at best, incomplete) textual interpretation.
. The Majority’s analysis of step one completely fails to even reference this "trigger” language. (Maj. Op. at 1246-50). The failure to mention the "trigger” language is a significant omission from the Majority Opinion’s discussion of step one of Biyant.
| CASELAW |
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Template:Sinosceptic
__NOINDEX__
The result of the discussion was delete. Ricky81682 (talk) 00:26, 4 March 2016 (UTC)
Template:Sinosceptic
Placing deletion discussion in proper forum for a userbox. Original discussion from the TFD is below. Primefac (talk) 05:10, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
Not sure why this template/userbox was created. It doesn't seem suitable for Wikipedia, because it says that the user has a phobia against anything associated with China. MrLinkinPark333 (talk) 01:12, 5 February 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. Sinoscepticism is a valid opinion for one to hold; whether it's a good or bad opinion is beyond TfD's remit. A display of one's (dis-)interests and opinions is allowed on userpages, as with all the other examples in Category:Political user templates. Deryck C. 23:30, 5 February 2016 (UTC)
* wrong venue, userboxes are discussed at WP:MFD. Frietjes (talk) 20:54, 11 February 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:Userboxes - a userbox identifying the user as a sinophobe is certainly inflammatory and divisive. A2soup (talk) 06:47, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
* Delete as offensive. Robert McClenon (talk) 23:43, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. Not in support of the project. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 05:42, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Preventing SSIs: The sterile processing connection
Most hospitals in recent years have focused needed attention on preventing surgical site infections. Properly timed antibiotics, skin antisepsis, appropriate hair removal, hand hygiene and other measures are now stressed as important to reducing SSI rates. But one critical dimension of infection safety has received comparatively little attention — the sterile processing department.
The following content is sponsored by Surgical Directions.
Most hospitals in recent years have focused needed attention on preventing surgical site infections. Properly timed antibiotics, skin antisepsis, appropriate hair removal, hand hygiene and other measures are now stressed as important to reducing SSI rates. But one critical dimension of infection safety has received comparatively little attention — the sterile processing department.
SPD is the first link in the infection-prevention chain. Improperly cleaned, disinfected and sterilized instruments can introduce pathogens into the OR, increasing the risk of an SSI. Like all systems, sterile processing is not perfect. But the major problem is lack of awareness. Clinical and executive leaders often fail to give sterile processing the same attention they devote to other safety-critical processes.
We have worked with hospital ORs nationwide to improve efficiency and safety. In the majority of organizations, problems and weaknesses in SPD are under-recognized. Based on our experience, patients face an increased risk of SSI because of seven common problems:
Inappropriate use of "flash" sterilization. According to the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, immediate-use sterilization should be employed only for emergencies. For example, if an instrument is dropped during surgery and a sterile replacement is not available, rapid sterilization through an immediate-use process is appropriate. One problem is that immediate-use sterilization is a complex, multi-step process with ample opportunity for lapse and error. In addition, SPD managers and staff in many hospitals have become complacent, lowering the bar of “emergency” use. As SPD units increase their use of this difficult process, the risk of delivering inadequately sterilized instruments to the OR increases.
Trays exceeding weight limits. Most sterilization systems specify that instrument trays should not exceed 25 pounds, including the weight of the tray and any containers. But there is widespread confusion about this requirement. Some managers see tray weight restrictions as a worker safety issue. In fact, sterilizing equipment is not as effective for heavier trays. Failure to observe tray weight limitations can result in inadequate processing and increased risk of patient infection.
Moisture and condensation in instrument trays. Instrument trays that are not allowed to dry completely after sterilization present another common risk. The problem is that wet spots on the tray wrapper can allow bacteria to wick through to the contents of the tray. Moisture can also result from condensation when processed trays are stored in improper temperature and humidity conditions. Wet trays should be re-processed, but they often make it to the OR for surgery.
Ineffectively processed endoscopes. Flexible endoscopes present unique challenges for central sterile. Staff must completely remove bio burden from lumens and channels using appropriately sized brushes. Endoscope lumens are typically too small to be adequately sterilized by steam, so alternative methods must be used. The instruments must also be thoroughly inspected for damage, including leak testing. The difficulty and complexity of the entire process increases the risk that pathogens will survive their visit to SPD. Problems with flexible endoscopes are particularly common in colorectal surgery.
Inadequate and poorly maintained equipment. Common equipment problems include rust and corrosion in and around washer sterilizers and steam sterilizers. Some hospital SPDs do not have a cart washer, forcing staff to wash cart units by hand. This puts staff at risk and also increases the chance of improper decontamination. Many SPDs lack proper lighting and magnification equipment, increasing the risk of inadequate inspection. Poor maintenance of surgical instruments also compromises the sterilization process. Typical problems include pitting, corrosion and worn threads on items that require disassembly.
Poor control of vendor trays. Many implant vendor representatives bring loaner trays to the OR for use during surgery, frequently for orthopedic and spine procedures. The problem is that vendors often fail to arrive in time to allow adequate processing of the instrument tray. Some hospitals have written policies about the advance time needed to process loaner trays, but staff may choose to overlook the policy and process the tray using flash sterilization.
Inadequate support from OR staff. SPD units are not exclusively responsible for sterile process failures. During procedure setup, OR techs may fail to adequately inspect instrument tray wrappers and canister filters or check indicator strips to verify processing. On the back end, OR staff often fail to apply enzymatic cleaner before sending instruments back to SPD. This increases the chance of bio burden drying on to the instrumentation, making it harder to ensure proper decontamination for the next use.
Five strategies for improving SPD
Given the risks of SSI, improving sterile processing should be seen as a priority issue. The following five interventions can have a strong positive impact on SPD operations, efficiency and outcomes.
1. Monitor sterile processing key performance indicators
As the old saying goes, "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it." Yet most hospitals track very little data for sterile processing. To begin improving SPD, establish performance measures for sterile processing operations and outcomes. Key metrics can include immediate-use sterilization usage rates, damaged tray rates (including tracking of wet trays) and preventive maintenance plan adherence rates.
Include sterile processing key performance indicators in operational dashboard reports used by perioperative leadership. Share performance targets with SPD staff, and use metrics as a focus point for process education and change.
2. Invest in SPD staff development
Staff education is inconsistent in many SPD units. Most SPD staff learn on the job, as did their trainers. In this environment, incorrect practices are often perpetuated. To develop a high-performing unit, hospitals need to invest in advanced training for SPD staff.
Encourage staff to seek certification from a national or international organization. Reimburse staff for course and exam fees. In addition, establish SPD in-service days for ongoing refreshers, best practice updates and performance improvement.
3. Streamline SPD workflow
In many SPDs, staff and material follow a “spaghetti diagram” path from decontamination through storage. Chaotic workflows increase the risk of process lapses and can help create a sense of rush that weakens safety.
Top-performing SPDs use Lean analysis to streamline workflows. Engage a trained Lean expert to analyze your department, create a value stream map and apply proven process redesign strategies. Smoother workflows in SPD will help ensure optimal quality and safety.
4. Hold OR staff accountable
Most OR techs and nurses understand their role in sterile processing, but complacency can reduce compliance. OR supervisors can address this problem by incorporating sterile processing issues into clinical rounds. Do staff adequately inspect instrument trays during setup? Do staff adequately process used instruments during breakdown? In addition, OR educators should cover instrument care and handling during in-service sessions. SSIs
5. Update SPD equipment
Given the state of equipment in many SPD units, many hospitals need to commit to a significant investment in SPD upgrades. A wide array of systems, technologies and options are available. Hospital leaders should collaborate with SPD management, OR leadership and infection control to create an effective and manageable upgrade strategy. Then, work with finance to develop a three- to five- year capital spending plan to optimize SPD equipment.
Leadership solution needed
The prerequisite to all these strategies is strong commitment from hospital executives. The problem is that SPD is "below the radar" of most hospital executives. As a result, SPD often fails to get the leadership attention and resources that hospital departments need to achieve high performance.
In our experience, hospital CEOs are often surprised to learn about problems and weaknesses in their sterile processing department. The good news is that once hospital leaders understand the issues, most are eager to make needed changes. Two points are key to communicating with executives:
The patient safety issue. SSIs are a major problem for U.S. hospitals (see sidebar). They affect a significant number of surgery patients, impairing recovery and leading to long-term disability. Most hospital ORs have made big process changes to improve intraoperative safety, but these gains are vulnerable to weaknesses in SPD.
The financial issue. CMS will begin penalizing hospitals for high rates of SSIs (and other healthcare-acquired conditions) in 2015. In addition, SSIs dramatically increase the risk of re-hospitalization, putting hospitals at greater risk of readmission penalties. As payment evolves toward full value-based care through bundled payment and other mechanisms, high SSI rates could undercut profitability.
These safety and financial issues together create a compelling case for prompt action to improve SPD performance. Engaging hospital leaders in this goal is key to creating strong end-to-end processes for preventing SSIs and ensuring optimal patient safety and quality.
Alecia Torrance, RN, BS, MBA, CNOR, is senior vice president of clinical operations, and Barbara McClenathan, RN, BSN, MBA-HCM, CNOR, is senior nurse executive at Surgical Directions, a perioperative consulting firm that helps hospital ORs improve efficiency, financial performance, clinical outcomes, and patient and staff satisfaction. They can be reached at (312) 870-5600.
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| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Danko Branković
Danko Branković (born 5 November 2000) is a Croatian professional basketball player. He plays for Bayern Munich of the German Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) and the EuroLeague. Standing at 2.17 m and weighing 238 lbs, he plays center position.
Professional career
Branković grew up in the youth selections of Cibona, where he also started his professional career. In September 2020, he was loaned out to Dubrava for which he played in 11 matches in the Croatian League while still playing for Cibona in the ABA League. Branković attracted attention of the media during the off-season 2021 Liburnia Cup held in Opatija. In the competition of Cedevita Olimpija, Partizan and Pesaro, Cibona won the tournament and Branković was named MVP. In February 2022, Cibona won the Croatian Cup and Branković was named the MVP.
On 4 July 2022, Branković signed with Bayern Munich of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). On 31 July, he was loan out to Serbian club Mega Basket for two seasons.
National team career
Branković played for the Croatian national youth system. He was a member of rosters that competed at the 2016 FIBA U16 European Championship, 2018 FIBA U18 European Championship and 2019 FIBA U20 European Championship.
In November 2021, Branković debuted for the Croatian A team at the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification game against Slovenia.
EuroLeague
* style="text-align:left;"| 2023–24
* style="text-align:left;"| Bayern Munich
* 25 || 5 || 10.0 || .625 || .444 || .857 || 2.5 || .4 || .4 || .4 || 4.2 || 4.9
* - class="sortbottom"
* style="text-align:center;" colspan=2| Career
* 25 || 5 || 10.0 || .625 || .444 || .857 || 2.5 || .4 || .4 || .4 || 4.2 || 4.9
* 25 || 5 || 10.0 || .625 || .444 || .857 || 2.5 || .4 || .4 || .4 || 4.2 || 4.9 | WIKI |
Greg Shaw, 55; Rock Entrepreneur Was a Champion of Renegade Artists - Los Angeles Times
Greg Shaw, a music entrepreneur whose passion for raw, spirited rock made him a pioneer in the independent record-label field and a prophet of the current garage rock resurgence, died of heart failure Tuesday in Los Angeles, his record company announced. He was 55. He was an extraordinarily important individual in the history of rock 'n' roll, Steven Van Zandt, lead guitarist in Bruce Springsteen's band and the host of the syndicated radio show Little Steven's Underground Garage, said Friday. He was literally responsible for the contemporary garage-rock movement, which he single-handedly started with the Bomp! label. As a journalist and record label head, Shaw always championed renegade artists regarded as too unruly for mainstream packaging. The Stooges, the Germs and Sky Saxon were among the acts he recorded. But over the years his turf encompassed a wide stylistic range, from rockabilly to such '60s-rooted sources as mod, girl groups, garage rock, surf music, psychedelia and power pop. He founded Bomp! Records in 1974 to release a single by the San Francisco band the Flamin' Groovies. Shaw's real passion at the time was a brand of '60s rock heavy on attitude and attack, the kind of music most famously compiled by writer-musician Lenny Kaye on the 1972 album Nuggets, two LPs full of cult classics by the 13th Floor Elevators, the Blues Magoos and others. Shaw called the music punk, but when that term was appropriated by a whole new genre, Shaw dubbed it garage rock, a reference to the classic location for teenage band practices. Shaw's dissemination of the music helped turn it from ephemera into scripture, keeping it alive during years of mainstream indifference. In the last few years, young disciples such as the White Stripes, the Strokes and the Yeah Yeah Yeahs have become upstart bestsellers, finally bringing the marginalized sound to the top of the charts. Shaw was born in San Francisco and started collecting records in the late 1950s, eventually accumulating a trove of more than 1 million recordings. He immersed himself in the city's fabled mid-'60s rock scene and started Mojo-Navigator Rock & Roll News, a magazine that predated Rolling Stone and featured such estimable critics as Lester Bangs, Greil Marcus and Dave Marsh. In the early 1970s he started a fanzine called Who Put the Bomp, then moved to Los Angeles, where he wrote for several rock publications and worked for United Artists Records. When the Flamin' Groovies signed with Sire Records, Shaw became their manager and accompanied them to England, where, he said, he was the first American to see the Sex Pistols perform. A connoisseur of nascent music scenes, he also spent time in New York in the mid-'70s. Bomp! continued to release singles from the Wackers, the Poppees, Willie Alexander and other regional acts, and covered the thriving L.A. scene by recording the Weirdos, 20/20, Devo and others. The label also became an advocate for such forceful power pop acts as the Plimsouls and the Shoes, and issued an influential series of archival garage-rock compilations called Pebbles. Shaw always hoped that Bomp! could forge an alliance with a major label, but he said the large companies always wanted too much creative control. He folded Bomp! in 1979 and established a new label, Voxx, as a purist, low-budget home for '60s garage-style bands, including the Crawdaddys, the Fuzztones, the Lyres and the Pandoras. Shaw gave the music a live platform for a time by opening a Hollywood showroom called the Cavern Club. He revived Bomp! in the late 1980s, and in recent years the label has worked with a new generation of garage-rock bands, including the Brian Jonestown Massacre and the Warlocks. We were in touch as recently as last week talking about his new bands, so he never stopped, said Van Zandt, who is also executive producer of the Underground Garage channel on Sirius Satellite Radio. He was a real hero to me personally, and an extraordinarily important individual in the history of rock 'n' roll. Shaw, who had health problems in recent years and received a pancreas/kidney transplant in 1999, is survived by his wife, Phoebe; a son, Tristan; and a brother, Robbie. 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The fall from eccentric genius to conspiracy theorist On his new album, 'Latest Record Project, Vol. 1,' Van Morrison shocked fans by espousing an array of conspiracy theories. The seeds were always there. California Newsom proposes additional $600 stimulus checks and $5 billion toward rental assistance California Newsom proposes additional $600 stimulus checks and $5 billion toward rental assistance The proposal to deliver $8 billion in new cash payments to millions of Californians amid the COVID-19 pandemic is part of a $100-billion state budget that has swelled with a significant windfall of tax revenues. More Coverage California 24 fires a day: Surge in flames at L.A. homeless encampments a growing crisis California 24 fires a day: Surge in flames at L.A. homeless encampments a growing crisis In the three years since the Los Angeles Fire Department began tracking them, fires related to homeless camps have more than doubled. 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User:Muchachos
HI!!
Hmm, what should I do now to Xavier's account... Argh! Constance, get out of my account! And, Why Are You In Here!?!? Oh, hi Xavier, hows it going? HOWS IT GOING! YOU BETTER HOPE IT GOOD CAUSE I'M GONNA FIND YOU! ARGH!!! MY TANK IS FIGHT!@#$%^&*?
BLARGLESHNIZle!
"I'm a tidy sort of bloke. I don't like chaos. I keep the records in the record rack, the tea in the tea caddy, and the pot in the pot box." | WIKI |
AH-7921
AH-7921 (Doxylam) is an opioid analgesic drug selective for the μ-opioid receptor, having around 90% the potency of morphine when administered orally. It was discovered in the 1970s by a team at Allen and Hanburys located in the United Kingdom. The drug is considered a new psychoactive substance (NPS) in which it is synthetically created in laboratories to mimic that of controlled substances. The substance has also been sold on the internet since 2012 as a "research chemical". When sold online it may be called the alternative name doxylam, not to be confused with doxylamine. AH-7921 has never progressed to clinical trials. The DEA is not aware of any medical usage in the United States, and has not insisted the Health and Human Services department (HHS) to conduct any medical research of the substance's uses.
Side effects and withdrawal
With doses that usually range from 10 to 150 mg, users are likely to experience effects similar to heroin, morphine, and fentanyl such as euphoria and respiratory depression. When an overdose occurs users often experience tachycardia, hypertension, and seizures. Mice, dogs, and monkeys, have been used in tests which showed the drug was almost equivalently potent to morphine, and had a very steep dose response curve. Rats given 20 mg doses three times a day for five days, experienced withdrawal symptoms similar to other opioids. Reports have shown users to experience depression and insomnia when withdrawing from this drug.
Chemistry
AH-7921 is commonly found as an off-white solid with a melting point between 215–216º Celsius. It is one single covalently bonded unit with 4 rotatable bonds. It also has two hydrogen bond acceptors, and one hydrogen bond donor.
Use
Although AH-7921 was extensively studied in vitro and in animals, though not in humans, by the developing company, it was never sold commercially for medical use. In 2013, AH-7921 was discovered to have been used as an active ingredient in "synthetic cannabis" products in Japan. In October 2015, two horses (Bossmon and Literata) trained by owner-trainer Roy Sedlacek tested positive for AH-7921 at Belmont Park racetrack. Norway and Iceland use this substance as an analytical reference standard in which it can be ordered online from chemical suppliers; however, labels are required to state that it is not for human consumption thus conforming to the law. Within ten months from 2013 to 2014, there had been serious fatalities reported from this drug from four different countries. The first fatality was a 19-year-old male who had a 3.9 mg/L AH-7921 concentration of heart blood leading medical examiners to confirm the death was an opioid intoxication. In another case, a 22-year-old woman was found dead with a femoral blood to AH-7921 concentration of 450 μg/L.
A 2018 review of published case reports found a total of 14 cases, of which 13 resulted in death. The oral route of administration was reported in two cases, and most cases reported use of concomitant pharmaceutical agents. Postmortem autopsies found that pulmonary edema was the most common finding, with nine of the cases having heavier lungs. Overall, fatalities occurred with low and high concentrations of AH-7921 in femoral blood.
Legality
AH-7921 was made a Prohibited Substance (Schedule 9 of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons) in Australia in May 2014. Although this amendment was repealed in June 2014, which simply means the amendment document ceases, but the actual scheduling is permanent as part of the main document (all SUSMP amendments cease after a few weeks). It may, however, still be a banned import.
AH-7921 has been illegal to distribute in Israel since December 2013.
In the UK, AH-7921 was included as a Class A drug in January 2015 as part of The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2014.
In Brazil, AH-7921 has been an illegal drug since May 2015.
As of October 2015 AH-7921 is a controlled substance in China.
AH-7921 is banned in the Czech Republic.
In the United States, AH-7921 was placed into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act on May 16, 2016, due to its lack of medical use. Furthermore, any person who wishes to manufacture, distribute, import, export, research, and educate using the substance, must be registered by the Drug Enforcement Administration.
The Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act was amended in 2016 to include the substance as a Schedule I substance. Possession without legal authority can result in maximum 7 years imprisonment. Further, Health Canada amended the Food and Drug Regulations in May, 2016 to classify AH-7921 as a restricted drug. Only those with a law enforcement agency, person with an exemption permit or institutions with Minister's authorization may possess the drug in Canada. | WIKI |
Kelly Thomasson
Kelly Teal Thomasson Mercer (born July 7, 1979) is an American Democratic politician, who served as the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia from April 2016 to January 2022. Initially appointed by Governor Terry McAuliffe, she continued as Secretary under the administration of Governor Ralph Northam. Prior to her appointment as Secretary, Thomasson served as Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth under Governor McAuliffe.
Background
Thomasson's family hails from Montpelier in Hanover County, Virginia. She joined Mark Warner's 2001 gubernatorial campaign, upon graduating from Virginia Commonwealth University. Although initially, she intended to pursue a master's degree in education, she instead accepted a job in Warner's administration after the election. Thomasson continued to work for Warner after he left the governor's office, spending a total of fourteen years in his employ. Among other positions, Thomasson served as Director of Scheduling during Warner's time as governor and as Projects Director after Warner was elected to the U.S. Senate.
McAuliffe administration
In 2014, Thomasson was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia by Governor Terry McAuliffe. She served under Levar Stoney until April 2016, when Stoney resigned to run for Mayor of Richmond. Thomasson was then appointed by McAuliffe as Stoney's successor.
One week later, McAuliffe issued an executive order intended to grant a blanket restoration of civil rights to all released felons in the state (who were not on probation or parole). This would have impacted over 200,000 individuals. As Secretary of the Commonwealth, Thomasson's responsibilities include overseeing the restoration of rights to eligible Virginia residents. Although McAuliffe's executive order was struck down by the Virginia Supreme Court in July of that year, McAuliffe and Thomasson proceeded to restore rights to eligible felons on a case-by-case basis. By the end of McAuliffe's term, over 169,000 individuals had their rights restored under this revised policy.
The Richmond Times-Dispatch has called this restoration of rights "perhaps the most significant policy action" of McAuliffe's administration, and Style Weekly named Thomasson to its 2017 Top 40 Under 40 list, highlighting her work in the matter as a "singular achievement". The policy has also bred controversy. The Virginia Circuit Court judge of Lee, Scott, and Wise counties has argued that the policy may still be unconstitutional, even in its revised form, since it is unlikely that McAuliffe individually reviewed the specific details of each felon's case. In late October 2017, the commonwealth's attorney of Wise County sought to subpoena McAuliffe, then-lieutenant governor Ralph Northam, and Thomasson, in order to resolve the matter. Because this occurred in the weeks leading up to Virginia's 2017 gubernatorial election, some dismissed the attorney's actions as a political stunt.
Thomasson also helped McAuliffe form the Governor's Millennial Civic Engagement Task Force in the Summer of 2017, which focused on promoting civic engagement among Virginia's college students.
Northam administration
Thomasson has continued to serve as Secretary of the Commonwealth under Governor Ralph Northam.
Personal life
Thomasson is married to Clark Mercer, with whom she has two children. Mercer serves as the chief of staff to Governor Ralph Northam and had previously served in the same post during Northam's term as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.
Thomasson and her family live in Ashland, Virginia, where she serves on the board of the Ashland Main Street Association. She has also done publicity work for the Ashland Theater, a historic art deco theater built in the 1940s. | WIKI |
New iPhone could allow 3-D selfies, says Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo
The overhauled camera could enable facial recognition and iris recognition, 9to5Mac reported, citing Kuo's research. Kuo said Apple is far ahead of Google's Android in terms of 3-D algorithms, according to 9to5Mac. Apple, which rarely weighs in on speculation about unreleased products, declined to comment to CNBC. JPMorgan has also predicted that upcoming iPhones may have a front-facing 3-D scanner, which could provide biometric scans and replace the home button. Gene Munster of Loup Ventures has speculated that Apple is likely working on an augmented reality platform. Apple's latest iPhone, the iPhone 7 Plus, already has powerful features that lend themselves to virtual and augmented reality, like dual lenses and a new "portrait" software mode. Augmented reality selfies are big business, too — as demonstrated by Snapchat, which has recently filed to go public. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 40 Part 1.djvu/1623
cclii mmzx. Soldier! and Sailor! Civil Reliqf-Con. H86- Solicitor for the Department of Statc——Con. 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C., Uqtited States, *`*I;£;`0P¤*`m°¤ fm`-: ···· D ·······~··-·· 266 disposition of esscmsor mam oi, {1 · at ·$<¤·¢’· 1? M Av¢¤~¢ Badge, I · €··. Army hospital Ouwdc of mg} deiicmncy approprgatxpn for coustrucuon ttm _____________________, ,,______ 883 Hof: rs¤L¥1§l¤P¤¤¤¤¤ ~-——-·—-···-· 622 Solicitor, Department of Agriculture SWM m{6"z ’ ·z _ appropriation for, law clerks, etc: ...,. 973 °PP¥°P¤2*¤°¤ for *mP"°‘ cment of hubol'- ·‘ 2362 Solwitorfor the Depzvtmmt ofState, 90*% 1*83 aptpropriation for ... .. . 801, 1254 Smelh HcAl¢·¤lv‘. OWL. or assistants, law clerk. . .. 769 terms ¤f Cvuft st ···--·. ·.··--··· - .·····--- 604 | WIKI |
You'll also build muscle to fill out your arms and firm them up. “Generally, when people are complaining about underarm jiggle, they’re usually referring to the area that is governed by the tricep,” says Williams. “If the jiggle or looseness in that part of your arm is due to a lack of muscle, then strengthening and building muscle in your tricep will also create some change in the aesthetic of that area.” She recommends performing triceps push-ups, extensions, and dips to hone in on that area and add some muscular definition to your arms.
In a nutshell, spot reducing doesn’t work. So before it gets you down, just know that this is not a realistic approach for anyone. Spot reduction is a big misconception that still incorrectly holds precedence out there in the world of fitness, but here at 8fit we’re all about the science, and science tells us loud and clear that you can’t pick a spot on your body and work the fat away. The reason for this is that fat cells are stored all over the body, and where it seems like the fat cells gather/congregate is often due to genetics.
If you want to lose weight and keep it off, you know that exercise should be an essential part of your routine. But the benefits of physical activity go far beyond just physical fitness. Increasingly, more and more research is showing that working out regularly can boost other aspects of your health as well, including cognitive function and emotional well-being.
While building strength will get those arms more defined, cardio is still king when it comes to shedding the fat that’s causing your arms to wiggle. Researchers at Duke University studying 119 overweight, sedentary subjects found that those who stuck to a cardio program lost twice the weight of those who did strength training, despite the fact that the cardio group spent 47 fewer minutes exercising every week than their weight-training peers. So, if you’re ready to get that upper body toned and tight, make sure you’re making time for cardio, too.
A Incorporate more of cardio in your regime in order to burn more calories. Walking or jogging can help. Yoga or using a skipping rope can also help you lose fat. Playing a sport is another great way to tone your arms. Besides being fun, Ttennis or squash are great games since they also focus mainly on your arms. Pushups, arm rotation and tricep dips are all examples of exercises without the use of weights.
"You'll definitely feel a minute of boat with the belly drawn in and the chest lifted," says West. It's tough to hold this for the full 60 seconds, but there's no better way to end a workout than with a challenge, right? (That being said, if you are struggling to maintain proper form for the full minute, take a break after 30 seconds, reset, and try holding for another 30.)
Ginger has been used to cure many ailments, and now, researchers have found that ginger also aids weight loss. Ginger increases lactic acid production by the muscles. Lactic acid stimulates the release of the growth hormone, which results in the breakdown of fat. Therefore, adding ginger to your food or just eating a small piece of raw ginger will help you to lose weight (2).
Research has shown that to manage weight, you should exercise energetically for at least 30 minutes a day. You can also do an hour of intensive exercise every second day if this fits into your schedule more easily. Be consistent and be regular. Do those one-hour exercise sessions three to four times every week, not just one week a month, and you will achieve the result you desire - to lose weight and keep it off, says Dr Ingrid van Heerden, registered dietician.
If you’re irritated by sagging upper arms, you’re not alone! As universal as complaints about thigh fat and belly bulge are, the same can be said for complaints about arm fat. If you’ve dealt with excess arm fat before, you know how frustrating it can be to try on so many dresses and tops that are otherwise perfect, except that they don’t have sleeves and you just want to hide your arms! And you are acutely aware of how embarrassing it is that you don’t want to clap in public or wave your arms due to that all-too-familiar jiggle effect. So it’s time to free yourself from saggy, waving upper arms and tone those babies up. Here’s our comprehensive guide on how to lose arm fat. There’s no magic trick, but if you do this right, you can lose the higgle and uncover strong, toned arms.
What we eat can also play a part in the extent of the jiggle so eating a good, healthy balanced diet as well as keeping well hydrated can put you on the right track. Resistance exercises are the most effective way to blast that underarm fat as well as strengthen, shape and tone your muscles. You can always go down to the gym and work up a sweat but who has time for that? If you want a convenient and quick alternative then you can easily manage an effective routine in the comfort of your own home. All you need is a set of dumbbells and you can start toning up those bingo wings with these 10 easy workouts.
Exercise has been shown to lengthen lifespan by as much as five years. A small new study suggests that moderate-intensity exercise may slow down the aging of cells. As humans get older and their cells divide over and over again, their telomeres—the protective caps on the end of chromosomes—get shorter. To see how exercise affects telomeres, researchers took a muscle biopsy and blood samples from 10 healthy people before and after a 45-minute ride on a stationary bicycle. They found that exercise increased levels of a molecule that protects telomeres, ultimately slowing how quickly they shorten over time. Exercise, then, appears to slow aging at the cellular level.
Get down on all fours with your knees placed directly below your hips and palms placed directly below your shoulders. Now, raise your right arm forward and stretch your left leg backward at the same time. Create a tension in your back by flexing your foot. Hold the position for a few seconds and then come back to the starting position. Repeat the same using your left arm and right leg. Repeat 15 to 20 times on both sides.
And perhaps one of the best new findings about exercise — especially if you, like many people, struggle to find the time to fit it into a busy day — is that all those benefits of physical activity can be had even if you only squeeze in a few minutes of exercise a day. While doctors used to think that we needed to engage in 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day, new research is finding that we can see benefits with shorter bursts of physical activity. “As little as 15 minutes a day of high-intensity activity that leaves you breathless, like swimming, can kick start your metabolic rate and reduce body fat and increase muscle mass,” says Dr. Berger.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Man Charged in Connection With Rice Cooker Scare, Police Say
The man, who was found in the Bronx on Saturday, faces three charges of placing a false bomb. The police on Saturday charged a man in connection with placing three rice cookers — two in a subway station and one in a Chelsea neighborhood — setting off a bomb scare that disrupted the morning commute on Friday, officials said. The man, identified by the police as Larry K. Griffin II, 26, was taken into custody in the Bronx early on Saturday. He was charged with three felony counts of placing a false bomb — one count for each of the rice cookers, the police said. A motive for the placement of the rice cookers remained unknown. The episode began around 7 a.m. on Friday after the authorities were alerted to two suspicious appliances at the Fulton Street subway station. An hour later, the police were alerted to a third suspicious device near a garbage can in the Chelsea neighborhood. Around 10 a.m., officials announced that all three devices were empty rice cookers and were not dangerous. All three were the same model rice cooker, officials said. Mr. Griffin, a former resident of Bruno, W.Va., was seen on video leaving two devices on the subway platform at the Fulton Street station and his photo was widely distributed. John Miller, the New York Police Department’s deputy commissioner for intelligence and counterterrorism, said officials did not know why Mr. Griffin had placed the rice cookers in the subway. He said they could have been trash “and this guy picked them up and discarded them.” A local sheriff’s office in West Virginia said in a news release that it had been contacted by law enforcement officials about Mr. Griffin. The release said Mr. Griffin had been arrested at least three times in the past eight years. Charges in West Virginia against Mr. Griffin included possession of a controlled substance involving weapons and use of obscene material to seduce a minor. He also had an active warrant for his arrest for failure to report and for missing drug screens as part of his pretrial bond supervision, the release said. Around 5 p.m. Friday, Mr. Griffin called his brother, Jason Griffin, in Connecticut, and said he was scared and unsure of what to do as the police were searching for him. Mr. Griffin, who moved to New York from West Virginia in May, has a history of mental illness and had been living on the streets, Jason Griffin said. “He thinks being homeless is fun,” Mr. Griffin said on Friday. “He was collecting stuff and he said that he found three rice cookers in front of a sushi restaurant.” Tara Brumfield, Mr. Griffin’s cousin, told television station WSAZ News Channel 3 that Mr. Griffin had a history of picking up items. “Whether it’s tools or a fishing pole or something like that he’ll pick up one thing and leave it there and then pick up another and then leave it there, and I’ve watched him do stuff like that a bunch of times,” she said. The episode on Friday, which disrupted the morning commute, called to mind other bombings. In December 2017, a man detonated a homemade pipe bomb in a subway passage near the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan. The device failed to fully detonate and the attacker was the only person injured. In 2016, at least 29 people were injured when a pressure cooker containing shrapnel exploded in Chelsea. Blocks away, a second device was found and disarmed. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 104 Part 3.djvu/592
104 STAT. 1944 PUBLIC LAW 101-512—NOV. 5, 1990 addition to any other funds appropriated for these activities and can be merged into regular appropriated accounts. Disaster Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Forest Service is assistance. authorized to employ or otherwise contract with persons at regular rates of pay, as determined by the Service, to perform work occasioned by emergencies such as fires, storms, floods, earthquakes or any other unavoidable cause without regard to Sundays, Federal holidays, and the regular workweek. The Chief of the Forest Service is authorized to establish an advisory committee on the Ouachita National Forest to advise the Forest Supervisor on the new Forest Plan including principles of "New Perspectives" for forest management, and other land management activities. The committee shall be comprised of individuals who in the Chiefs judgment, represent a diversity of views: Provided, That every effort shall be made to ensure that environmental and business concerns are equally represented on the committee. The committee may be formed without being subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (86 Stat. 770). Committee members shall serve without compensation but may be reimbursed for travel expenses at the prevailing Government rate. Section 3 of Public Law 87-869 (16 U.S.C. 554d, 76 Stat. 1157) is hereby amended by striking the number "$35,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "$100,000". The Forest Service is directed to begin the preparation of all environmental documents necessary to implement the management goals, policies, standards, and guidelines contained in the recently completed land and resource management plans on the national forests in Region 6, Oregon and Washington. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY The first paragraph under this head in Public Law 101-121 is amended by striking "$600,000,000 shall be made available on October 1, 1990, and shall remain available until expended, and $600,000,000 shall be made available on October 1, 1991, and shall remain available until expended" and inserting "$600,000,000 shall be made available as follows: $35,000,000 on September 1, 1991, $315,000,000 on October 1, 1991, and $250,000,000 on October 1, 1992, all such sums to remain available until expended for use in conjunction with a separate general request for proposals, and $600,000,000 shall be made available as follows: $150,000,000 on October 1, 1991, $225,000,000 on October 1, 1992, and $225,000,000 on October 1, 1993, all such sums to remain available until expended for use in conjunction with a separate general request for proposals": Provided, That these actions are taken pursuant to section 202(b)(1) of Public Law 100-119 (2 U.S.C. 909): Provided further. That a fourth general request for proposals shall be issued not later than February 1, 1991, and a fifth general request for proposals shall be issued not later than March 1, 1992: Provided further. That project proposals resulting from such solicitations shall be selected not later than eight months after the date of the general request for proposals: Provided further. That for clean coal solicitations required herein, provisions included for the repayment of government contributions to individual projects shall be identical to those included in the Program Opportunity Notice (PON) for Clean Coal Technology III (CCT-III)
� | WIKI |
Page:Florence Earle Coates Poems 1898 25.jpg
And others, unto whom he wings
The sweetest melodies he sings,
In worship, name him—Love;
Yet longing the pure strain to capture,
When at the very height of rapture,
A sadness oft approve,
And fancy, strangely, that he wrings
The music from their own heart-strings! | WIKI |
What are Polynucleotides?
What are polynucleotides?
Polynucleotides are an injectable bio-stimulator. They are ultra-purified natural DNA fragments derived from fish that stimulates the body’s innate repair mechanisms. they have been used on medicine for more than 30 years..
How do they work?
Polynucleotides boost collagen and elastin by up-regulating the fibroblast cells. This promotes collagen and elastin production – the building blocks of skin. In effect we are stimulating the skin’s natural healing mechanisms.
What can they treat?
• Fine Lines
• Crepey skin
• Rosacea
• Thinning hair
Polynucleotides are game-changing in the treatment of the delicate eye area. This is notoriously challenging to treat as it is prone to swelling and the skin is extremely thin.
Who is not suitable?
• Polynuletides ae derivatives of fish so they are not suitable for vegetarians, vegans or those with a fish allergy.
• Pregnancy
• Brestfeeding
• Under 18
How many treatments are required?
Typically a treatment course consists of 3 sessions spaced 2-3 weeks apart. After this we recommend a top-up of one treatment every six months. this can vary depending on the individual.
How soon will I see results?
Many patient report seeing a difference after the first treatment but you will see maximum effect approximately 4 weeks after the third treatment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Author talk:William Welch
William Welch?
Classified notice of the birth of a daughter "Welch. — On March 23rd, at her residence, the Square, Palmerston: North, the wife of William Welch, book-seller, of a daughter." https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MS18860323.2.3 Manawatu Standard, Volume XI, Issue 1665, 23 March 1886, Page 2
W Welch was described as a Palmerston North resident in 1903 when he "recently invested £40 in a quantity of Chinese idols in Sydney, loot from Pekin, and believed to be bronze. To his delight several of the articles have proved to be almost pure gold." https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/BA19030323.2.7 Bush Advocate, Volume XIV, Issue 301, 23 March 1903, Page 2 Noracrentiss (talk) 08:10, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
Article on setting up a museum in Palmerston North https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MT19050823.2.7 Manawatu Times, Volume XXVIII, Issue 470, 23 August 1905, Page 2
"Mr W. Welch was appointed to represent the Society on the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute at the next meeting, which will be held in Wellington in January" https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MS19051212.2.19 Manawatu Standard, Volume XLI, Issue 8164, 12 December 1905, Page 4
See also: Manawatu Standard 19 May 1920 Manawatu Time 21 April 1928
Sale of collection of bronzes etc owned by William Welch, FRGS. | WIKI |
Best node search
Best node search (BNS), originally known as fuzzified game tree search, is a minimax search algorithm, developed in 2011. The idea is that the knowledge that one subtree is relatively better than some (or all) other(s) may be propagated sooner than the absolute value of minimax for that subtree. Then a repetitive search narrows until a particular node is shown to be relatively best.
First an initial guess at the minimax value must be made, possibly based on statistical information obtained elsewhere. Then BNS calls search that tells whether the minimax of the subtree is smaller or bigger than the guess. It changes the guessed value until alpha and beta are close enough or only one subtree allows a minimax value greater than the current guess. These results are analogous, respectively, to "prove best" and "disprove rest" heuristic search strategies.
The search result is the node (move) whose subtree contains the minimax value, and a bound on that value, but not the minimax value itself. Experiments with random trees show it to be the most efficient minimax algorithm.
Pseudocode
function nextGuess(α, β, subtreeCount) is return α + (β − α) × (subtreeCount − 1) / subtreeCount function bns(node, α, β) is subtreeCount := number of children of node do test := nextGuess(α, β, subtreeCount) betterCount := 0 for each child of node do bestVal := −alphabeta(child, −test, −(test − 1)) if bestVal ≥ test then betterCount := betterCount + 1 bestNode := child (update number of sub-trees that exceeds separation test value) (update alpha-beta range) while not (β − α < 2 or betterCount = 1) return bestNode
The default nextGuess function above may be replaced with one which uses statistical information for improved performance.
Generalization
Tree searching with Murphy Sampling is an extension of Best Node Search to non-deterministic setting. | WIKI |
Day 4
Detailed paper information
Back to list
Paper title A CLOUD-BASED APPROACH ON REMOTE SENSING BASED UNCERTAINTY MAPS IN MARINE HABITAT MAPPING
Authors
1. Spyridon Christofilakos DLR - German Aerospace Center Speaker
2. Alina Blume German Aerospace Center (DLR)
3. Chengfa Benjamin Lee DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
4. Avi Putri Pertiwi German Aerospace Center
5. Dimosthenis Traganos DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
6. Peter Reinartz DLR - German Aerospace Center
Form of presentation Poster
Topics
• C1. AI and Data Analytics
• C1.07 ML4Earth: Machine Learning for Earth Sciences
Abstract text The necessity of monitoring and expanding the existing Marine Protected Areas has led to vast and high-resolution map products which, even if they feature high accuracy, they lack information on the spatially explicit uncertainty of the habitat maps, a structural element in the agendas of policy makers and conservation managers for designation and field efforts.The target of this study is to fill the gaps in the visualization and quantification of the uncertainty of benthic habitat mapping by producing an end-to-end continuous layer using relevant training datasets.
To be more accurate, by applying a semi-automated function in the Google Earth Engine’s cloud environment we were able to estimate the spatially explicit uncertainty of a supervised benthic habitat classification product. In this study we explore and map the aleatoric uncertainty of multi-temporal data driven, per-pixel classification in four different case studies in Mozambique, Madagascar, Bahamas, and Greece, which are regions known for their immense coastal ecological value. Aleatoric uncertainty, also known as data uncertainty, is part of the information theory that seeks for the data driven random and inevitable noise under the spectrum of bayesian statistics.
We use the Sentinel 2 (S2) archive in order to investigate the adjustability and scalability of our uncertainty processor in the four aforementioned case studies. Specifically, we use biennial time series of S2 satellite images for each region of interest to produce a single, multi-band composite free of atmospheric and water column related influences. Our methodology revolves around the classification process of the mentioned composite. By calculating the marginal and conditional distribution’s divisions given the available training data, we can estimate the Expected Entropy, Mutual Information and Spatially Explicit Uncertainty of a maximum likelihood model outcome.
Expected Conditional Entropy
Predicts the overall data uncertainty of the distribution P(x,y), with x:training dataset and y:model outcome.
Mutual Information
Estimates in total and per classified class the level of independence and therefore the relation of y and x distributions.
Spatially Explicit Uncertainty
A per pixel estimation of the uncertainty of the classification.
The aim by implementing the presented workflow is to quantitatively identify and minimize the spatial residuals in large-scale coastal ecosystem accounting. Our results indicate regions and classes with high and low uncertainty that can either be used for a better selection of the training dataset or to identify, in an automated fashion, areas and habitats that are expected to feature misclassifications not highlighted by existing qualitative accuracy assessments. By doing so,we can streamline more confident, cost-effective, and targeted benthic habitat accounting and ecosystem service conservation monitoring , resulting in strengthened research and policies, globally. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
William instituted the Domesday book which stored monitor of who owned what areas of land. William’s army won the battle when King Harold was killed by an arrow. He was the obvious alternative for the English nobles and they crowned him King Harold II immediately after the demise of King Edward. Duke William of Normandy -William of Normandyhad a family relationship to King Edward. The Battle of the Marne guaranteed that neither army could either win or lose.
At the beginning of the battle, the 2 armies were doubtless evenly matched in number. The battle lasted far too long for there to have been an imbalance pressure. The precise number of soldiers that each chief mustered is widely disputed, nevertheless, most students imagine all sides could not have had more than approximately 10,000 males. The Anglo-Saxons military of King Harold was primarily foot soldiers. They made use of the old Viking tactic, shield walls, in order to defend towards oncoming attacks. In distinction, the Norman forces of William Duke of Normandy made use of cavalry, troopers on horseback.
At about 9am the battle opened to âthe terrible sound of trumpets on each sidesâ. Then, as now, the landscape will have to have been open sufficient to permit the two armies to manoeuvre. The slopes were most likely scrubby grazing land, with the ridge occupied by the English army backed by forests. By the night of 13 October, the English and Norman armies were encamped within sight of each other on the place now known merely as Battle. Duke William of Normandy had had plenty of time to prepare his forces since touchdown at Pevensey over two weeks earlier. An invader in hostile territory, Williamâs intention was to drive a decisive battle with Harold.
Possibly the loss of this son moved Henry to discovered the Reading Abbey in 1121. When Henry died in 1135 he was buried in Reading, before the excessive altar of his abbey. The knights promised in return to be loyal to the barons, to struggle for them when needed and to lift money when the barons demanded it.
William was livid, claiming that in 1051 Edward, his distant cousin, had promised him the throne and that Harold had later sworn to assist that claim. In conculsion, I think the most important cause for Williamâs victory in 1066 was chance, because many of the points in luck is good luck for William. For instance when William and his military had been on the boats able to invade the wind modified path and he is prepared to invade from the south.
They eventually turned often identified as the Normans and the land they lived in became known as Normandy. Through a truce with the King of France, Normandy turned a Duchy of France and their chief was called the Duke of Normandy. Though Norman troopers of the time would have been fit and strong, the climb would still have been tiring in one of the best of circumstances â in a battle, it will have been so much worse. There was no explicit feeling of outraged nationalism following the conquest – the idea is a much more modern assemble – and so peasants would not have felt their nation had somehow been lost. Neither was there any specific hatred of the Normans as the English grouped all William’s allies collectively as a single group – Bretons and Angevins were merely ‘French audio system’. In the Middle Ages, guests to an space that got here from a distant town were regarded just as ‘international’ as someone from one other country.
William was a greater leader because although Harold had the upper hand in the battle and so they had been dropping, William managed to outwit and defeat the English. William fed his troops, organized them fastidiously and used them nicely in battle. Whilst in battle, Williamâs troops had been getting killed as a end result of Haroldâs troops had a powerful place. Then he made a plan â he made his troops seem like they had been retreating and Harold and his army followed them, leaving their strong position on the hill, enabling William to defeat them as they walked into his entice.
French grew to become the language spoken at court for hundreds of years and mixed with Anglo-Saxon, developed into the trendy type of English we speak today. Very quickly he marched on London and https://the-henry-raleigh-archive.com/the-archive/ was crowned King William I on Christmas Day 1066 at Westminster Abbey. And archaeologists have long argued over the whereabouts of serious Roman-era occasions just like the Battle of Mons Graupius, as properly as the later Battle of Dun Nechtain, fought in 685 between Picts and Northumbrians. The Battle of Bosworth, which proved decisive in bringing the Tudors to the English throne, has been claimed by numerous sites. The exact location of the Battle of Stow on the Wold – the last major skirmish of the English Civil War – has also been broadly contested. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Plant power: A beginner’s guide to essential oils
Fresh herbs
With healing plant remedies becoming ever more popular, we spoke to essential oils educator Tara Walsh to find out exactly where to start when it comes to the world of aromatherapy and alternative healing…
Tara is yoga teacher and essential oils educator living and working between Barcelona and London. She has dedicated most of my working life to the practice and study of yoga, and through this journey has come across many healing modalities that have had a profound effect upon wellbeing.
Essential oils have been part of Tara’s life for a long time but just four years ago she decided to deepen her understanding of these healing plant remedies and began to study and share what she was learning with a wider community. Tara now leads regular workshops and classes on the benefits of essential oils where she shows people how to use them on a daily basis to support wellbeing and health on all three levels: physical, mental, and emotional.
Essential oil
We spoke to Tara and asked her a wealth of questions aimed at helping anyone interested in starting their aromatic journey with these potent little plants. Here’s our Q&A…
What exactly is an essential oil?
An essential oil is a substance produced by a variety of plants, flowers, trees, herbs, spices and grasses which contains healing aromatic compounds that can be extracted and used to support our health and wellbeing.
What are the most important qualities you should look for when buying an oil?
Unfortunately there is a lot of adulteration in the essential oil market, and now over 80% of essential oils are diluted or “cut” with synthetic ingredients in order to bring about economic gain. Look for companies that are transparent about their sourcing and distilling processes. Don’t just believe the label on the bottle. Many essential oils falsy advertise that they are “pure” and “natural”. You can tell a lot from the aroma of an oil, and even the colour. There are a handful of companies that now provide all the test results from their labs, so you can see clearly that the bottle of oil you hold in your hand only contains pure-grade therapeutic essential oil with no fillers. I personally choose to use doTERRA essential oils and am always blown away by their purity and therapeutic benefits.
How can you incorporate oils into your daily life?
Essential oils have been used for thousands of years throughout human history and we can trace them back to Biblical times, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China. Traditionally they have been used to treat infections, wounds, emotional health, digestive health, hormonal imbalances and a huge variety of different health issues. We can use them daily to support our immune system, for glowing healthy skin, for respiratory health and emotional stability. They are also used frequently in massages to bring about relaxation and to ease tension on a muscular level. I also use them regularly in my yoga practice to quieten the mind and bring about meditative states.
Fresh lemons
Tell us 5 interesting ways you like to use oils
1. A couple of drops of citrus oil in your flask of water to cleanse and detox the digestive organs
2. A drop of Frankincense in your moisturiser
3. Lavender and Clary Sage on the abdomen during your moon cycle
4. Melaleuca (Tea-tree) for the occasional outbreak of acne
5. Peppermint or Fennel under the tongue after a heavy meal to ease indigestion
Can you ingest essential oils? If so, what’s the best way?
You can ingest very small amounts of essential oils, but ONLY if they are 100% pure-grade. Most of the essential oils sold on the highstreet are NOT SAFE to ingest as they are filled with synthetic ingredients.
Can they be applied directly to the skin?
I would always suggest diluting essential oils first before applying them to the skin. There are tons of useful graphs and tables you can find online to discover the safe ratio of dilution for adults and children. There are some oils which we call “hot” oils, such as oregano, cinnamon, clove, and peppermint, which could irriate the skin if applied without dilution. Other oils such as Lavender and Roman Chamomile are much more gentle and can be used neat, but I always recommend using a carrier oil first as they will help the oil be absorbed into the skin tissue for healing to take place. Examples of carrier oils are almond oil, fraccionated coconut oil, and sesame oil.
Herb table
Would you ever blend oils? What’s your favourite combination?
Essential oils are wonderful to blend and you can have lots of fun creating and crafting your own natural perfumes and blends. Many essentials oils are very compatible and in some cases their benefits are even enhanced when mixed with others. An example of this would be combining Frankincense with Myrrh – these oils have a synergestic effect when combined and their healing benefits are greatly enhanced. I love to combine peppermint and orange oil to uplift and bring joy to the heart.
What oil would you recommend for supporting stress and anxiety?
There are a great many oils that can be used for treating and easing stress and anxiety. Many of the floral oils such as Lavender, Rose, Jasmine, Magnolia, Ylang Ylang and Roman Chamomile are wonderful for softening the heart space and relaxing the mind and body. The tree oils are also wonderful for grounding and stabilising the emotions. Try using Frankincense or Sandalwood essential oil on the forehead, temples, and soles of the feet to bring about feelings of calm and centeredness.
Lavender in a jar
If you could only have 3 oils in your life what would they be and why?
I would probably have to choose Frankincense for it’s incredible array of healing properties and for it’s versatility. It can be used for skincare, immune strengthening, calming and relaxing, and meditation. Lavender for similiar reasons – it’s incredibly versatile and can be used to treat allergies, respiratory issues, skin issues, sleep problems, stress and anxiety. And finally Peppermint for it’s antibacterial properties and respiratory benefits.
Any particular oils you’d recommend for travelling and why?
I never go anywhere without my oils! For travel I use a little travel keychain filled with 8 tiny vials of my favourite oils for travel.
1. Melaleuca (Tea-tree) for cuts and wounds, it’s an amazing anti-septic and anti-fungal oil
2. Lavender for sleep, jet lag, anxiety, sunburn and rashes
3. Peppermint for indigestion, allergies, respiratory support, and jet lag
4. Lemon for my water – to cleanse and purify the internal organs, and for uplifting mood and emotions
5. Cedarwood is an amazing insect repellent and also great for sleep support
6. On Guard is one of my favourite blends by doTERRA – it’s a mix of spices and citrus fruits and I use it every 2hrs whilst flying to help strengthen the immune system and protect me from air-born bacteria on long-haul flights
7. Balance – this is another blend by doTERRA which is wonderful for jet lag and for balancing emotions and the nervous system. I use it as a perfume, on my pulse points, behind my ears, and on my temples.
Can you recommend any good sites or workshops to learn more?
There is more and more research coming out about the benefits of essential oils. For scientific studies and research you can visit, pubmed.com
doTERRA also provide a ton of information on their website, and they have another page specifically dedicated to the ethical sourcing and distillation of essential oils, visit, sourcetoyou.com.
I also recommend books by Robert Tisserand, Kurt Schnaubelt, and Valerie Ann Worwood.
You can look for local workshops happening in your area in our community facebook group: Europe Live A Cause: Sharing Oils and Love with a Purpose, or contact me directly and I can point you in the right direction.
We hope you found this guide interesting. We can’t wait to start incorporating some of Tara’s tips above into our daily routines!
Kat x
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6 Common Problems with the Ford F-150 5.0 Engine
As you might already know, the Ford F-150 is one of the most popular vehicles on the planet. Ford offers many engine options with their flagship pickup, and the 5.0 V8 is one of the most popular options. But that is not to say that this engine is perfect.
As with all powerplants, the Ford 5.0 also has its fair share of issues. Today, we’ll be taking a look at the most common Ford F-150 engine problems you are bound to come across.
Some common problems with the 5.0 engine that many F-150 owners have come across include poor acceleration, head gasket oil leaks, engine shutoff on idle, and engine knocking. If you own one of these beasts or planning to purchase one shortly, it is important to keep all these issues in mind.
History of The F-150 5.0 Engine
What Ford Trucks Have The 5.0 Engine?
The 5.0 is one of the most popular engine choices among Ford F-150 buyers. So, we thought it’s better to start this discussion by giving you an overview of this potent powerplant.
The 5.0 modular V8 engine made its first appearance with the 12th generation F-150, all the way back in 2011. Some gearheads among you might also know this engine as the first-generation Coyote.
Initially making its debut in the Mustang, the Coyote V8 had some unique features that set it apart from the competition. Ti-VCT (Twin independent variable cam timing technology) is one such feature, and it helps the Coyote engine to reduce emissions, increase fuel economy, and produce more power.
The first-gen Coyote replaced the 5.4 Triton engine in the F-150 lineup. Here, it produced 360 horsepower, which is slightly less than the 412 hp and 390 lb-ft of torque it made in the Mustang. This 5.0 V8 powered the F-150 till 2014 when it was replaced by the second-generation Coyote.
With this new engine, the power figures increased up to 385 hp and 387 lb-ft torque. The addition of Ford’s Charge Motion Control Valves. This is a modern take on the previous Ti-VCT technology, that optimized the fuel consumption. Not only that, but it also helped to lower engine emissions and to stabilize idle control.
However, this was not the final 5.0 Coyote to find its way into the F-150. In 2018, Ford replaced the Gen 2 Coyote with the third-generation model, which further increased the performance. “By how much?” you may ask. Well, the final power output increased by 10 for a total of 395 horsepower, while torque figures rose to an impressive 400 lb-ft.
Now that you know all about what this V8 has to offer, let’s dive into the common Ford F-150 engine problems.
Most Common Ford F-150 5.0 Engine Problems
When talking about the Ford-F150 5.0 engine, there are some major issues that we simply cannot ignore. These include,
1. Engine Cranking Without Starting
2. Engine Shutting off While Driving
3. Poor Acceleration
4. Engine Shutoff on Idle
5. Oil Leaks
6. Knocking & Rattling Noises
Engine Cranking Without Starting
Are you having trouble cranking up your F150’s engine? Well, you’re not alone! The engine cranking without firing up is one of the most common complaints among F-150 owners.
On most occasions, this startup issue is caused by a burnt fuse in the F-150’s electrical circuit. This obstructs the fuel pump operation, resulting in your truck refusing to start. This problem is so common that Ford had to issue a service bulletin regarding it. Not only that, but they also sell a kit that relocates the fuse’s location, which costs about $20.
In addition to the fuel pump fuse, other issues like a clogged fuel filter, faulty fuel pump wiring, ignition system issues, and problems with the inertia switch can also cause your truck’s engine to keep cranking without starting.
Engine Shutting off While Driving
On top of being a nuisance, the 5.0 engine shutting off while driving can be a major safety hazard too. You see if the engine shuts off while you are driving down the road, you’ll lose access to important systems like power steering and brake pedal assist, making controlling the truck more difficult than ever.
Several causes can lead to this outcome, with throttle body problems being one of them. The 5.0 V8 comes with an electronic throttle body which causes the engine to shut off when you are driving down the road. Although most owners mention reprogramming the ECU is enough to resolve the issue, you might have to replace the throttle body if the problem gets severe enough.
Alternator failure is another problem that can cause the F-150 5.0 engine to die while driving. A failed alternator won’t recharge the battery or provide enough electrical power for the vehicle, which leads to this common issue. Replacing the alternator is the best fix for this issue, but keep in mind that you’ll have to spend around $550 for parts and labor.
Poor Acceleration
Acceleration issues are another common complaint F-150 drivers have about their 5.0-liter V8 engine. Just like the other engine issues we discussed so far, there are some major causes for this issue as well.
Problems with the spark plugs are among the most common issues behind poor acceleration with the F-150. As you might already know, spark plugs are responsible for lighting the air-fuel mixture when it enters the combustion chamber.
But, when the spark plugs go bad, this combustion process won’t happen efficiently. This is what causes the lack of acceleration you feel when you put the pedal to the metal. In addition to abd spark plugs, clogs in the catalytic converters may also result in poor acceleration.
Engine Shutoff on Idle
Different engine issues like faulty Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors, vacuum leaks, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve issues, or a dirty throttle body may result in the F-150 stalling while idling. Oftentimes, the stalling will be accompanied by an illuminated “Check Engine” light on the dashboard.
In this case, taking your pickup truck to a certified mechanic and having them scan the error code by plugging in an OBD2 scanner will help you pinpoint the source of the issue.
Oil Leaks
Head gasket oil leaks are a common defect with the Ford 5.0 V8, especially the early Coyote variants. The engine oil mainly leaked from the right side head gasket and was caused by a design defect during production.
On top of that, the escaping engine oil would sometimes fall onto the starter motor and other engine components, which had the possibility of setting the entire engine bay alight!
Oil leaks from the head gasket should not be taken lightly. Leaving the issue unfixed for long can permanently damage the head gasket as well as the engine block itself. Replacing the head gasket is a major repair that requires the entire engine to be dismantled, and will bite a $2500-shaped hole in your pocket.
Knocking & Rattling Noises
The final problem we’ll be taking a look at here today is knocking sounds and rattling noises coming from the Ford F-150 5.0 engine.
The 5.0 V8 is prone to making rattling, scratching, and ticking noises as it is warming up to its operating temperature. If this goes on for too long, the timing chain will lose tension and cause severe engine damage. Re-tensioning the timing chain is a significant repair that will cost you around $2000.
Engine knocking is another common Ford F-150 5.0 engine problem mainly caused by piston slapping and excessive valve float. Common fixes for this problem include replacing the crankshaft, bearings, and head gasket.
Preventative Maintenance Tips To Keep Ford F-150 5.0 Engine Running Smoothly
Want to keep your Ford F-150 5.0 engine last longer? If so, here are the two best maintenance tips you should follow.
1. Change Engine Oil On Schedule
2. Keep the Fluids Topped Off
Change Engine Oil On Schedule
Bad engine oil causes poor lubrication, leading to some common issues we discussed here today. The easiest way to avoid them is swapping out the engine oil on schedule. Ford recommends changing the engine oil every 5,00 to 7500 miles.
However, the mileage may vary depending on the type of engine oil you use, as well as your driving behaviors. Remember to also keep an eye on engine oil health by taking dipstick readings often.
Keep the Fluids Topped Off
Similar to engine oil, other lubricants like coolant are also essential to keep the 5.0 V8 functioning properly. So, make sure to inspect the fluid levels and top them off when required.
Being a powerful V8, the Ford’s 5.0 engine is prone to some reliability issues. But, by having a good understanding of them beforehand and following our preventative tips, we’re sure that you’ll be able to enjoy your F-150 to the fullest.
Related articles:
Common starting system fault ford f150
ford f150 won’t start no clicking noise
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Page:Men of the Time, eleventh edition.djvu/283
CODEINGTON.
was chosen to fill the office of Swiney Lecturer on Geology in con- nection with the British Museum. These lectures were so popular that they secured, collectively, upwards of 15,000 attendances. His favour- ite subject of investigation, how- ever, has been that of Entozoa, or, more correctly, Helminthology, in which department he has written a profusely illustrated standard trea- tise and several smaller works. He has also contributed numerous scientific memoirs to the Koyal, Linnsean, and Zoological Societies. During five successive years he acted as Secretary to the Biological Section of the British Association ; and in 1879 he succeeded Professor Huxley as President of the Quekett Microscopical Club. He is also one of the Honorary Vice-Presidents of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society. Dr. Cobbold has for many years prac- tised as a physician, devoting his attention exclusively to internal parasitic diseases. In recognition of his services to biology, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia conferred ui)on him the title of Honorary Correspondent, and the Boyal Agricultural Aca- demy of Turin appointed him Honorary Foreign Member. A French writer has said, " En fait d*helminthologie, M. Cobbold est consider^ en An^leterre comme la premiere autoriti," whilst the lead- ing English professional journal speaks of his chief work as *' a noble contribution to medical sci- ence, which does honour to its author, and is a credit to our na- tional literature." One of his smaller works has passed through several editions, and two others have been translated and repub- lished in Italy.
CODEINGTON, General Sib William John, G.C.B., the eldest surviving son of the late Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, G.C.B., by his marriage with Miss Jane Hall, of Old Windsor, was born in Nov.
1804, and entered the army in 1821. He went with the Coldstream Guards to Bulgaria in 1854, was made Major-Gen. by brevet whilst at Yama, and distinguished him- self both at the Alma and at In- kermann. Sir W. Codrington was appointed to command the Light Division during a portion of the siege of Sebastopol, and was made Commander-in-Chief of the army in Nov. 1855. He was present with the army from its arrival in the Crimea to the evacuation, July 12, 1856 ; was made a K.C.B. during the war, and a G.C.B. in 1865. He represented Greenwich from 1857 to 1859, when he was appointed to the command at Gibraltar. The colonelcy of the 23rd Fusiliers was bestowed upon him Dec. 27, 1860, and he was promoted to the rank of General, July 27, 1863. In March, 1875, he was appointed Colonel of the Coldstream Ghiards, and in Oct. 1877, placed upon the retired Ust. Sir W. Codrington is Second Class of the Legion of Honour, Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy, and First Class of the Med- jidie. He is an active member of the Metropolitan Board of Works. COFFIN, The Right Rev. Robert Aston, D.D., Bishop of Southwark, is of a Sussex family, and was born in Brighton July 19, 1819. His father was a gentleman of private means, and engaged in no profession. In 1837 Mr. Robert Coffin, having been educated at Harrow, ent^d Christ Church, Oxford; as a commoner ; in 1838 he became a student of that College ; in 1840 he took his degree, and was in the third class of honours. In 1843 he became vicar of St. Mary Magdalene's, Oxford, and two years later he, like six or seven other Anglican ministers of that church, embraced the Catholic religion. Previous to his conversion the Rev. R. Coffin had joined the Tractarian movement, and while Mr. Newman was advancing towards the Roman Church at Littlemore, he was reach- | WIKI |
FSIRAND(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual FSIRAND(8)
NAME
fsirand -- install random inode generation numbers in a filesystem
SYNOPSIS
fsirand [-F] [-p] [-x constant] special
DESCRIPTION
fsirand writes random inode generation numbers for all the inodes on
device special. These random numbers make the NFS filehandles less pre-
dictable, increasing security of exported filesystems.
fsirand should be run on a clean and unmounted filesystem.
The options are as follows:
-F Indicates that special is a file system image, rather than a
device name. special will be accessed `as-is', without requiring
that it is a raw character device and without attempting to read
a disklabel.
-p Print the current inode generation numbers; the filesystem is not
modified.
-x constant
Exclusive-or the given constant with the random number used in
the generation process.
fsirand exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
If fsirand receives a SIGINFO signal, statistics on the amount of work
completed and estimated completion time (in minutes:seconds) will be
written to the standard error output.
SEE ALSO
fsck_ffs(8), newfs(8)
HISTORY
A fsirand utility appeared in NetBSD 1.3.
AUTHORS
Christos Zoulas <christos@NetBSD.org>.
NetBSD 9.0 September 11, 2016 NetBSD 9.0
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:
Command:
Section:
Architecture:
Collection:
Use the DEFAULT collection to view manual pages for third-party software.
©1994 Man-cgi 1.15, Panagiotis Christias
©1996-2019 Modified for NetBSD by Kimmo Suominen | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 34 Part 2.djvu/146
1464 FIFIY-NINTH oosenass. sm. 1. ons. 171-175. woe. F¢lE{I¤¤R¥¥4§)_j71?°6· CHAP. 171.—·An Act Granting a pension to Susan H. Chadsey. [Private. Ne 157-] Be it enacted by the Senate and House c£Representativee cftbe United Bum, H_Chm¤,,,_ States of America in Congress aasemb d., hat the Secretary of the P¤¤¤i¤¤· Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the nsion roll, subject to the Igovisions and l1m1tations of the pension lixews, the name of Susan . Chadsey, widow of Ralph Clarendon Chadsey, late of Company M, Ninth Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry, war with S ain, and pay her a `PBDSIOH at the rate of twelve dollars per month and) two dollars lper month additional on account of each of the minor children of said alph Clarendon Chadsey until they reach the age of sixteen years. Approved, February 10, 1906. ¤‘¤?h-¤£§V}&1¥*· CHAP. 172.-An Act Granting an increase of pension to Frederick Schultz. [Private. Nc. 158.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House ofRvK·esentatw}ues qjitbe United hedmck sebum States of America Ocngrees assembled, at the Secretary of the P¤¤¤i¤¤ i¤¤r¤¤¤¤¤- Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension ws, the name of Frederic Schultz, late of Company K, Second Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of twenty dollars per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. · Approved, February 10, 1906. mw CHAP. 173.-An Act Granting an increase of pension to William Painter. [mum, Nc. im.] Be it enacted the Senate and House ofRe]n·ece21tat1}vec of the United W Pmmr States of America in Ocngress assembled, That the Secretary of the remmmnmmséa. Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension aws, the name of William Painter, late of Company K, E1 htieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at tie rate of thirty dollars per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. Approvedk February 10, 1906. Fepgup CHAP. 174.-Au Act Granting an increase of pension to Joseph Miller. · TEQ, No. mi V Be it enacted by the Senate and [lame ¢gfRi·(2reeerztat·i’ves of the United Joseph Mmu States of America in Ciizzgrexs assembled,hat the Secretary of the Pension increased. Interior be, and he is here y, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to thi/iprovisions and limitations of the pension aws, the name of Joseph iller, late iirst lieutenant and captain Company C, Sixth Regiment Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, and pav him a pension at the rate of thirty dollars per month in lieu of tbaffie is now receiving. Approved, February 10, 1906. 175.—An Act Granting an increase of pension to Henry Allen. mmm, No. mi Be it enacted tb; Senate and House ofR?resentati»ues cftbe United Hmm Ann States of America an Cbngres-v assembled,hat the Secretary of the Pension increased. Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the | WIKI |
User:Vaidyanayeebrahmin
Dhanvantari brahmins(or)Vaidya brahmins(or)Nayee brahmins were regarded as the highest Hindu casts along with Brahmins in India..శ్రీధన్వంతరి మూలమంత్రం : ఓం నమో భగవతే మహా సుదర్శన వాసుదేవాయ | ధన్వాతరయే అమృత కలశ హస్తాయ సర్వభయ వినాశకాయ | సర్వరోగ నివారనాయ త్రైలోక్య పతయే త్రైలోక్యవిధయే | శ్రీమహావిష్ణుస్వరూపాయ శ్రీ ధన్వంతరీ స్వరూప | శ్రీ శ్రీ శ్రీ ఔషధ చక్ర నారాయణ స్వాహ || Dhanvantaris, Dhanvantari Nayeebrahmins, Nayi Brahmins,Dhanvantari brahmins, Vaidya Brahmins, Vidhwans. ఓం నమో ధన్వంతరి దేవాయే నమ : Nayee brahmins was also called Dhanwantari Nayi Brahmin, Pandith Nayibrahmin, Pandith, Pandithar, Panditananda, Vaidyananda, Vidhwans, Dhanvantaris, Panditha Raja, Vaidya Raja, Vaidya brahmin, Pandit, Nanda Rajavansh, Vaidika Nayibrahmin, Chandravansh, Charakas, Nanda kshatriya, Nyaya brahmin, Nayee Mantri, Mantri, Thyagaraja Nayeebrahmin, Niyogi Nayeebrahmin, Sen, Sain) (నాయిబ్రాహ్మణ, పండిత్, పండితర్ , పండితానంద , వైద్యనంద , ధన్వంతరిలు, ధన్వంతరి నాయిబ్రాహ్మణులు, వైద్యనాయీబ్రాహ్మణ, సంగీత విధ్వంసులు, పండిట్, వైధిక నాయిబ్రాహ్మణ, చరకులు, సేన్ , సెయిన్, చంద్రవంశీయులు, నంద రాజ వంశీయులు, వైద్య బ్రాహ్మణ, నంద క్షత్రీయ, మౌర్యనంద , నందమౌర్య , వైద్య రాజ , పండిత రాజ, నాయీ మంత్రి, మంత్రి, నాయీబ్రాహ్మణ, త్యాగరాజ నాయీబ్రాహ్మణ, నియోగీ నాయీబ్రాహ్మణ) Nayi Brahmin (or) Vidhwans (or) Vaidya Brahmins (or) Dhanvantaris were regarded as the highest Hindu casts along with Brahmins in India. The term Dhanvantari Nayeebrahmin (or) Vaidya brahmin is used for traditional Ayurveda Pandiths Aryans otherwise known as Brahmans, which means "noble" Vaidya Brahmins who were part of the Vedic priesthood Hindu community in Andhrapradesh. They are known by different names in different parts of India . In other regions they are known as : Pandith/Vidhwans/Vaidya/ Pandita raj/ Purohit/vaidhyar/vadhya. In earlier times, these brahmins were known as Vadhyar or Vadhyayar or Purohit or Acharya or Pandith or Upadhyaya. They are traditionally “Vaishnavas", They did yagna in early days in India. They were also experts in ayurvedic and traditional medicine, and treated patients according to the traditional ayurveda phisicions. ‘Vaidya’ is the correct usage. The origin of Vaidyas from Thamilnadu (Old Madras state). Vaidyas are migrated to Kerala as Vaidhyas (belonging to Purohitha- Bhramins of Madras) of Thamil solders. After the long war of Chera Raja and Chola Raja (extented up to 400 years,ie,from generation to generation) they setilled in the Travancore region of Kerala. But the Kerala Bhramins remain reluctent to accept them. Thus they were driven away from Kingdom and Temples of Kerala. But they were unable to go back to Madras. Why they are called Nayibrahmin? The main reason why they are called NayiBrahmin is, in Ancient days they are called Vaidya Brahmin & Nyaya Brahmin and it became NayiBrahmin. It is because they are simultaneously participating with Brahmins in all important events like Marriage, Death, all occassions related to temple etc., Nayibrahmins now a days Temple Musicians all Hindu temples like “tirumala, srisailam, sri kalahasthi, Badrachalam”ect…. So they where regarded as the highest cast along with Brahmin in human life. Also their main profession is Ayurveda treatment. In ancient days all these people used to “wear threads (Yagnopavitam)” which they stopped and only few families are following these custom. Now a days they are known as Nayibrahmin & Mangali (Who wishes good things). Sanskrit root ‘Nayi’ means “Greatness or Higher” That means Nayibrahmin(Greatness Brahmin). Nadhswara vidhwans Nadhswaram is Also Called “Sannayi” means San ’nayi’. which means to lead stands for leadership. They are the kshatrias who had changed their profession with their willingness or non- willingness. NayiBrahmins acted ambassadors between the different states. They traditionally led wedding parties or carried messages between states, Kingdoms, villages and communities. They are known for their wisdom and admiration for self respect. They work really hard to achieve their goals and never bend in front of any other caste, community or religion. They keep concentrating on and working hard until they attain their goals. They are known for keeping the secrets and following a strict disciplined life keeping mind and body clean. but off late they are been discriminated by majority of the people, who are far more inferior to them socially. There are many kings, ministers and present chief ministers from this caste. (M.Karunanidhi, Verappa Moily, K.Karunakaran, Karpoori Thakur) In This Caste Chief Ministers. they are traditional Temple Musicians, Nadhswara Vidhwans, Thival(Dolu) Vidhwans, Surgeons, Ayurvedic doctors. World Known Kings born In This Caste: Mahapadma Nanda, Dhana Nanda, Chandragupta Maurya, Asoka, Bijjala ||. originally Nayeebrahmins not barbers they was ayurvedc doctors. Nayibrahmins devotes of "Vaidya Narayana Dhanvantari". they are originally “Dhanvantaris” that means Doctors, Now a Days They are called different areas “Nayeebrahmin, Dhanvantaris, Mangali, Mangala, Maran, Isai velar, Moily, Sain, Sen, Sharma, Pandith, Pandita Raja, Vaidya Raja, Vaidya Brahmin, valanda, limbachiya, pandithar, Thakur, Tagore, ezhavathy Brahmin, vathima, Nanda Rajavansh, bhati, mohyalbrahmin, Niyogi NayiBrahmin, Vaidika Nayibrahmin, Nai” ect... Nayibrahmin Ayurveda Vaidyas Community persons : Vaidya Narayana Dhanwantari (God Of Medicine), Acharya Charaka, Acharya Sashurutha, Manickavasagar). Nayibrahmin Temple Musician Community persons
* The meaning of Nayibrahmin stems from the
* Another Meaning Of NayiBrahmin, they are
* Meaning Of North India ‘Nai or Nayee’ - 'Nay' –
* Kambar(Tamil Ramayana Writer, Govinda Marar,
Mandolin Srinivas). Ayurveda Doctors History : The Pandithar or Pandith or Pandita Raja also known as Vaidya Brahmins, in olden days they were the doctors for the commoners and advisors for the Kings. They followed mostly Siddhar, ayurveda, and siddha to treat patients. That time, people were not used to cut their hair, rather they grow. When they got wounds, the "Vaidyas" removed hairs in the wounded area because “Barber Profession Part of Medicine”. Before they would do expertise in siddha or ayurvedic medicines. So apart from helping patients, people got their hairs cut as well. When the British came to divide and rule India, they introduced English medicines; gradually the British indirectly dimmed the Siddha and Ayurvedic medical practices to be vanished away for their economical gains. The British set brought the hair cutting practices and people in general also started trimming their hairs in the name of fashion. The "Vaidyas", took opportunity to gain economically. Today, in the modern era and century, many started beauty parlors, learn traditional musical instruments, and learn both the ayuveda, siddha, though they do not belong hereditarily to this community. “7th sense” Movie explains about the medicinal tradition and this community people. సతి నారాయణి మాత - పార్వతి దేవి అవతారము. (సతి నారాయణి మాత మందిరము రాజస్తాన్ లో మాత్రమే ఉన్నది) నారాయణి మాత మంత్రం : సర్వమంగళ మంగళ్యే శీవే సర్వర్ధ సాధకే | శరణ్యేత్రయంభకే గౌరీ నారయణి నమొస్తుతే || Andhrapradesh Nayibrahmins variously called: 1. Pandithar / Pandith / Pandit – MEANING A KNOWLEDGEABLE PERSON, PERSON OF WISDOM, A GREAT TEACHER AND THE LIKE. 2. Vaithiyar / Mangali - MEANING A MEDICINAL DOCTOR,(IN ORTHODOX INDIA) 3.Bajantri / Nassuvan - A PERSON WHO PLAY PIPER OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENT. 4.Nayi brahmin / Isai Velalar/Maran/Moily - HINDU TEMPLE MUSICIANS (For Reference : http:// www.tnpsc.gov.in/communities-list.html#mbc ) 5. Kshuraka / Kshuraka Karma/Mantri – A PERSON WHO HEPLS OR SAVES CHARMS AND HARMS. 6. Panditha Raja / Vaidya Raja – A KING OF THE PANDITHS OR LEARNED MEN 7. Nand Rajavansh – FIRST EMPIRE BUILDER OF INDIA. The meaning of Nayibrahmin : Nayi = Nayi means (Nayi=Higher brahmin), Nanda, Nanda Rajavansh. Brahmin = Dhanwantaris, Panditha Raja, Vaidya Raja, Charakas, Vaidyar, vathiyar, Vidhwans, Pandith, Pandihar, Pandit, upadyaya, Acharya ect...
Related links
http://vaidyanayeebrahmin.hpage.com/ Dhanvantari VaidyaNayeebrahmin website] | WIKI |
Download Quota Exceeded
I have been battling this error for the past month and can't figure out why. I keep getting the Quota Exceeded error with Google Drive.
I have changed my VPS servers and script to match others that aren't having any issues. I am using rclone with gdrive and every Sunday I get "banned" which lasts it lasts 12-48 hrs. I am using rclone v1.51.0 and my latest script is "rclone mount --allow-non-empty --buffer-size 1G --fast-list --dir-cache-time 96h redplex: /home/*****/mnt/gdrive/ &". I have changed my Plex, Sonarr, and Radarr settings to what I have been able to find thus far to be optimal and not scan so often. Just odd that it is every Sunday.
I have reviewed my API hits which aren't anywhere near the limits. Through my VPS provider I have reviewed my data usage and they aren't anywhere near the limits of the 750gb/10TB that have been mentioned in the past for Google.
Any thoughts on where to look/fix next would be appreciated!
Which quota error? Log?
googleapi: Error 403: The download quota for this file has been exceeded., downloadQuotaExceeded
That isn't the 750G download quota error. That is saying you've downloaded that particular file (or potentially chunks of it) too much.
It's odd that it happens on Sunday. So you share the drive or media?
I don't share with anyone and I get the same error for all of my files on gdrive. Even created a new rclone remote with new client ID/Secret while deleting the old one just to be sure someone wasn't using my creds. Also tried going through drive.google.com but get the same error on most/all of the files I tired.
Just to add, I even have pdf files in my drive that I am getting the same error on when trying to download them from drive.google.com.
You'd want to pick that one file and check your drive audit log, see how many times you downloaded it on Sunday.
Perhaps you something downloading it far too much on that day if it's repeatable.
Thank you for the help and mention of the audit log. Found that it was Google File Stream causing the issue.
1 Like
If you have 403 errors in all your files, it's not the per file quota so it's probably something else that is messing up a lot.
Mind sharing how you achieved that using gdrive file stream?
I had File Stream specifically targeting a Photos folder. At some point it changed and was constantly downloading and caching my Plex files. What limit I was really hitting, not really sure. My internet speed isn't fast enough to hit the 750gb limit and the API dashboards weren't showing any limits being hit either.
This topic was automatically closed 60 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Supernaturalist
The Supernaturalist is a science fiction cyberpunk novel by Irish author Eoin Colfer. The book was influenced by film noir and other predecessors of the cyberpunk science fiction movement. Colfer has outlined plans for a sequel, The Supernaturalist 2.
Plot
The Supernaturalist takes place in Satellite City, a large city in an unspecified location in the Northern Hemisphere, in the third millennium. Much of Satellite City is controlled by the Satellite, owned by Myishi Corporation. By the time of the novel, however, the Satellite is losing links to the surface, causing disasters that range from mild to catastrophic.
The book opens with an introduction to Cosmo Hill, an orphan at the Clarissa Frayne Institute for Parentally Challenged Boys with it later being revealed that Clarissa Frayne not only came up with the term, "no-sponsor" but that she also hated children. At the Institute, the boys are used as human guinea pigs for various products which sees the institute also being paid with the life expectancy for a no-sponsor or an orphan being fifteen years as by the time they're that age, the orphan in question is either dead, has escaped or been sent to a labor prison via a fabricated criminal record. After finishing a test involving a spray, the orphans head to their various spots and spend the evening, eating while communicating via the network, a system that allows them to talk to one another without the marshals knowing as the institute forbids direct contact, believing it could be lead to friendships and eventually a revolt. However, the next day on a trip back from a record company, the truck transporting them crashes. Cosmo and a friend, Francis (aka "Ziplock Murphy") manage to escape the wreckage, but are pursued by a warden, Redwood from the Institute, Redwood having a reputation for making the lives of the no-sponsors he's guarding miserable. The chase takes them to the rooftops, where Redwood attempts to grab Ziplock, only for Ziplock's jumpsuit to rip, sending Cosmo and Ziplock falling into a wrecked generator. Ziplock is electrocuted and dies but Cosmo survives, albeit with multiple critical injuries, including several broken bones and a heart which begins to shut down. He begins seeing small blue creatures around him. When one lands on his chest and begins sucking his life out, three figures appear out of nowhere and kill the creature. Although the teens want to leave him, Cosmo begs them to take him with them, pleading to not be left to be eaten by the strange blue beings while knowing that Redwood will not let him return to the institute, alive. The group labels him a "Spotter" and, after some argument, take him with them before he passes out.
Cosmo wakes up in a warehouse to find his injuries being mended, including a cast on his leg and a steel plate in his head to heal his fractured skull. One of the group, teenager and ex-mechanic Mona Vasquez, introduces herself, and tells Cosmo about the other two: Stefan Bashkir, another teen, who used to be a cop before an accident killed his mother and almost killed him; and Lucien Bonn, nicknamed Ditto due to his habit of repeating what people say. Bonn had gene-splicing experiments performed on him as a baby to produce a "super-human"; however, these experiments did nothing except stunt his growth, making Ditto appear six in spite of his true age of twenty-eight. Mona reveals that the creatures, called Parasites, can only be seen after near-death experiences or severe trauma; Stefan can see them from his accident as a policeman, Mona can see them from a car crash in which Stefan saved her after her gang left her for dead, and Ditto can see them as a result of the gene-splicing experiments. Their group, the eponymous Supernaturalists, attempts to save people from the life-sucking Parasites by destroying as many of the blue creatures as possible. Cosmo is left to recover and is eventually included in their group after proving his worth by saving Mona with Cosmo using his past at the institute to identify a virus that's affecting her, resulting in Cosmo, Stefan and Ditto eating some flowers which they eventually use to expel the virus from Mona's body.
One night, the Supernaturalists stalk out a drag race, as the potential for fatal crashes, and Parasites is large. However, one of the cars is a prototype stolen from Myishi Corporation, who track it down and send a squad of paralegals ("hit lawyers") to take it back. In the following firefight, Cosmo and Stefan are captured by Myishi. They are taken to Ellen Faustino, the president of Myishi, who reveals herself to be a Spotter and that Stefan and the team were mixed up in another operation. She says that energy discharged by the Parasites is forcing the Satellite into an incorrect orbit and causing it to fall out of the sky. She also reveals that the method the Supernaturalists are using to kill the Parasites is only causing them to reproduce faster, increasing the problem with the Satellite. After some discussion, she reveals that she has a plan to kill the Parasites: detonate an electrical bomb in the Parasite hive that contaminates them and eventually kills them. However, she does not know where the hive is and sets the Supernaturalists to find the hive.
After several dead ends, Cosmo hits upon the idea to use the Satellite to scan for the Parasite hive. However, due to an extremely long wait time to get a space on the Satellite, they take an illegal spaceship up to do the scan themselves and find that the hive is under Clarissa Frayne. Cosmo and Stefan take the electric bomb under the orphanage and detonate it with Stefan doing so after discovering Redwood who's been placed on leave since the incident that saw Cosmo escape takes Cosmo hostage. Although the bomb doesn't kill any humans, it shorts out the building's security, allowing the orphans to leave after Cosmo has revealed himself, noting this is the only chance they'll get to make a clean break. While Cosmo and Stefan are out, Mona discovers Ditto communicating with a Parasite. When Cosmo, Stefan, and Mona confront him, Ditto claims that Parasites don't take life force, only pain. Not knowing what to believe anymore, Stefan orders Ditto to be out by the next day, but Myishi paralegals capture them all that night.
While imprisoned, Faustino reveals to the Supernaturalists that the bomb didn't kill the Parasites, it merely stunned them, and that she captured them to use for her own purposes. She also tells Stefan that she caused the accident that killed his mother; it was part of an experiment to create a Spotter. After escaping an acid trap intended to kill them, the group reaches a lab with Parasites contained beneath the floor. Stefan is shot by a sniper higher in the room, and President Faustino reveals herself. Faustino tells them that Parasites can be used to "scrub" energy, and she is using the Parasites to make a clean nuclear reactor to keep the Satellite up; the Satellite wasn't falling because of Parasites, but because it had too many attachments on it. After provoking and distracting her, Stefan uses some of his remaining strength to grab onto Faustino in a dead man's grip, and when the sniper attempts to shoot him again he lets his knees buckle, causing the bullet to miss him and break the Parasites' containment cell. The Parasites take Stefan's pain from him as he dies, and Cosmo, Mona, and Ditto escape.
The book ends with the rest of the Supernaturalists getting ready to fight unspecified "other supernatural creatures", and the mayor of Satellite City, Ray Chase sends Faustino to Antarctica to continue working on a nuclear plant. Also, it is hinted that Mona and Cosmo are beginning to become more open with their feelings for each other.
Characters
* Cosmo Hill – The main protagonist of the novel. Found on Cosmonaut Hill, from which he was named. He was sent to the Clarissa Frayne Institute for Parentally Challenged Boys. He was almost killed on an escape attempt along with his best friend (Francis "Ziplock" Murphy), but Cosmo was "saved" by a group of kids who at the time still believed that the Parasites fed on life force, and not pain. He was 14 years old when recruited into the group. Although he has no experience as a medic or spotter, he saves Mona Vasquez a number of times.
* Stefan Bashkir – Stefan is an eighteen-year-old of Russian descent with spiky black hair, presumably tall. His mother was killed in a car accident, later revealed to be due to a bomb planted on the car by Ellen Faustino. He has the worries of someone much older than he is, despite being so young. He is also the leader of the Supernaturalists.
* Mona Vasquez – A Spanish girl, she is a former member and ex-mechanic of the Sweethearts, a street racing gang. She is 15 years old and the love interest of Cosmo. Although she denies it, Ditto is sure that Mona has feelings for Cosmo as well. She has black hair and other Latin features, such as dark eyes. She also has a DNA strand tattooed above one eyebrow.
* Lucien "Ditto" Bonn – A "Bartoli Baby" being the product of the gene splicing experiments done by a Dr. Bartoli 28 years before the story began. He suffers several mutations because of the experiments, such as arrested physical development (Ditto is 28 years old but appears to be about six). Ditto has "healing hands" (the ability to take the pain from a person or animal's body) and is a spotter. He pointed out to the rest of the Supernaturalists near the book's end that the Parasites actually feed on human pain, not on human life force as thought earlier (Ditto was caught by Mona deliberately cutting his finger and offering the pain to a parasite, proving that he knew this secret all along but never told anyone). He is the medic of the group, and does not fight the Parasites, claiming he is a pacifist. He is the first one to go in the group, since Stefan was the one who created the group.
* Ellen Faustino – The main antagonist of the novel who manipulates the Supernaturalists into helping her catch Parasites. Former Instructor at the Police Academy, she is now President of the Development section in Myishi Corp., and was responsible for the death of Stefan's mother.
* Splinter – A former Supernaturalist that preexisted Cosmo. Not much is known about Splinter, he is never actually shown in the book, and only mentioned in passing. He is used as an example of how spotters can become terrified of their visions of the Parasites. He wears glasses with blue filters that hide the Parasites from his eyes, and he never takes them off.
* Miguel – The leader of the Sweethearts gang. He adopted Mona as their mechanic after catching her trying to steal a Sweetheart-owned car.
* Ziplock Murphy – Cosmo's friend and fellow No-Sponsor. The Supernaturalists were unable to save him, due to him having been electrocuted when falling off the roof when he and Cosmo escaped.
* Marshal Redwood – The Marshal who is very strict to Cosmo and all the other no-sponsors. He has cruel tendencies, such as knowingly saying he'd wrap Cosmo and Ziplock when they were on the roof, despite the duo mentioning they would not be able to be taken out of the cellophane for hours.
Graphic novel
The book received a graphic novel adaptation, published July 10, 2012
Sequel
In a September 29, 2007 interview, Eoin Colfer released a rough idea for the plot of the sequel, working title, The Supernaturalist 2. When asked about ideas for a Supernaturalist sequel, he answers, "Well, the main idea is, well, at the end of book one, Stefan dies, but, being that they can see supernatural beings, in the second book, Stefan appears to Cosmo and tells him that they're all stuck in Limbo and can't get through to the afterlife, because something terrible is happening there, so it's an environmental thing as usual that's blocking the passageway to... forever, so they have to take care of that. But at the same time, they've got the corporation, the Myishi Corporation, trying to track them down." As of 2024, no sequel has been released. | WIKI |
Iron (Fe)
Brenden Gray pd.5 12/22/2015
What is Iron?
Iron's symbol on the periodic table is Fe and its atomic number is 26. Iron in in group 8, period 4. Iron's atomic weight is 55.845, it is shiny with a grey-ish tinge and it's classified as metallic.
History
The symbol for Iron (Fe) comes from the Latin word Ferrum which means iron. It has been thought that the word Ferrum also comes from other words that mean "holy metal" because iron was used to forge swords during the Crusades. Artifacts made from smelted iron have been found dating back to 3000 B.C.
Uses
As I said before iron was used to forge swords back in the crusades. In modern times iron has certain magnetic properties and very stable nuclei that give it lots of uses. It is used in cars and for buildings that are built to be very strong.
Description and properties
Iron is metallic and lustrous (shiny) and it has a grey-ish tinged color. Iron atoms have very stable nuclei, some magnetic properties, and a melting point of 1538 °C.
Biology
Iron is in haemogoblin which is used to carry oxygen throughout the bloodstream.
Geology
Iron is found in meteorites called siderites, iron is also found in many types of stars.
Interesting Facts About Iron
• Iron is never found by itself (as a free metal) naturally.
• Iron is found in magnetite which makes black sand on some beaches.
• Iron as a pure metal corrodes very quickly.
• Isotopes of Iron have been used in many nutritional studies.
• Iron is a key component of haemoglobin. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Compsocidae
Compsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The family comprises two extant species in two genera, both found in Mesoamerica. Compsocus elegans is found in Mexico and Central America, while Electrentomopsis variegata is found in Mexico. The antennae of each species have 13 or 14 segments. Two extinct genera, Burmacompsocus and Paraelectrentomopsis are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar and Albian aged Spanish amber.
Taxonomy
* Compsocus Banks, N., 1930
* Compsocus elegans Banks, N., 1930
* Electrentomopsis Mockford, 1967
* Electrentomopsis variegata Mockford, 1967
* †Burmacompsocus Nel & Waller, 2007
* Burmacompsocus banksi (Cockerell, 1916) (originally Psyllipsocus) Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)
* Burmacompsocus coniugans Sroka & Nel, 2017 Burmese amber
* Burmacompsocus perreaui Nel & Waller, 2007 Burmese amber
* Burmacompsocus pouilloni Ngô-Muller et al. 2020 Burmese amber
* Burmacompsocus ojancano Álvarez-Parra et al. 2023 Spanish amber, Albian
* †Paraelectrentomopsis Azar, Hakim & Huang, 2016 Burmese amber
* Paraelectrentomopsis chenyangcaii Azar, Hakim & Huang, 2016 | WIKI |
Asbestos removal worker. Dangerous waste disposal – professional works with old architecture.
Asbestos can easily lead to severe health troubles. That is regarded an incredibly harmful compound today. For over a lengthy period in the building record of the planet, that have been actually extensively been actually used in notable and several building projects. That is actually unbelievably vital that the asbestos is actually positioned and afterwards properly cleared away through a group of knowledgeable individuals Trying to take out asbestos done in your own is actually a dangerous plan and you also need to refrain from doing this unless you’re a skilled pro in asbestos removal. Take in asbestos in a lengthy time frame may trigger mesothelioma cancer, a form of bronchi cancer cells, its treatment is actually difficult and harmful.
This is actually vital to bear in thoughts that any kind of asbestos fiber that was utilized for fire proofing has actually to be actually replaced along with an alternate style from fireproofing material.
Mesothelioma cancer is actually the best normal sort of cancer cells induced through asbestos fiber exposure. In these times, it’s been used for greatly the same main reason. Discovering whether you’ve asbestos fiber in the region or not can provide you with confidence.
Also when you really think well-balanced whilst you’re working along with asbestos, you could acquire ill a number of years after. Asbestos fiber itself isn’t hazardous till this’ll become airborne, where you could take in or even inhale this. In case you are actually subjected to asbestos fiber and also smoke cigarettes for an exact same opportunity, then you’re 50 to 90 opportunities extra inclined to actually have a lung cancer cells than those that aren’t revealed to asbestos and do not smoke in any method.
This is a style from cancer cells that is actually due to direct exposure to asbestos fiber. That is actually the result from a component referred to as asbestos. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer cells, generally carried on by asbestos threads that in truth penetrate bronchi cells.
Asbestos Removal at a Glance
If this’s friable, asbestos fiber is actually unsafe. It can likewise create bronchi cancer cells. This is actually a quite plentiful and incredibly risky things. That is viewed as an extremely unsafe element, and although there have not been actually any sort of secure limits recognized, it is very important that you stop all exchange that. In other circumstances the asbestos fiber must be actually cleared away, which is actually a really concentrated treatment. That is actually the major reason for the mesothelioma, which is a catastrophic type of cancer cells. Tap the services of a skilled and registered asbestos fiber assessor to example the materials in your home to discover out if there’s this current if in hesitation.
In the event you possess some asbestos almost everywhere in your residence or imagine that you may after that it is actually essential to hire a specialist. Make sure to speak with your physician, particularly if you have or may have undergone asbestos prior to. Do certainly not be afraid to disclose your issues to your health and wellbeing as well as safety and security rep should you experience you’re being actually revealed to asbestos.
A Trump card for Asbestos Removal
Asbestos visibility can result in numerous harmful conditions and also risky afflictions. There are three type of asbestos exposure. Exposure to asbestos fragments might induce mesothelioma cancer even in case the degree from susceptibility is actually rather low.
Lifestyle After Asbestos Removal
If you think you might have asbestos fiber exposure, simply do not put off in speaking to along with a medical doctor That leads from asbestos fiber exposure, a material that is actually used in numerous from our industrial and also property solutions. It’s triggered the growth of asbestos cancer in a variety of other workers as well as careers over opportunity.
Whatever They Told You About Asbestos Removal Is actually Lifeless Inappropriate … And also Here’s Why
Deciding on Asbestos Abatement Company
Asbestos Demolition
Asbestos Infected demolition
Even in this very time as well as age, it can easily induce significant medical problems or also death to folks who operate around asbestos fiber or even inhale this for long periods. Inside this process, very heavy asbestos is actually absolutely saturated in water.
The 3rd ways from taking care of asbestos is known as covering. That is actually is actually the best typical form of cancer cells induced through asbestos fiber visibility. This is actually often used in the shipbuilding field, exploration, property or even railway. Asbestos could be actually remarkably risky whenever the fibers become upset. Right now, bear in mind that this is not merely made use of in designing specific office infrastructures, however on top of that in numerous parts in your home!
Mesothelioma truly isn’t the only wellness hazard caused by asbestos. Initially, it possesses the capability to induce asbestosis that is actually a unsafe as well as typical condition that relates to this stuff. This is actually highly advised to leave asbestos alone supposing it remains in good shape
The Nuiances of Asbestos Removal
When an asbestos cement garage roof isn’t really leaking or even weakening after that there’s positively no need to remove this. Eventually there is actually very little shielding component left, and individuals that come to be near the water pipes could become horribly shed. Dwelling insulation is available in a variety of types and things, accordinged to where it is actually made use of in the house
An animal removal company will recognize exactly the very best means to produce your home totally without any sort of critters which do certainly not belong. Qualified elimination services are mindful of these wellness threats as well as recognize the way to do away with asbestos fiber appropriately. This is actually exceptionally highly recommended to touch bottom with an expert asbestos fiber roof covering removal organisation to happen and also dispose of your house’s asbestos fiber roofing.
Asbestos testing is of huge usefulness on profile from the possibility for exposure. The service provider will definitely select whether to simply remove the asbestos fiber or remodel the total lavatory. A specialist asbestos removal service provider will initially examine your personal shower room to recognize the kind of asbestos fiber found.
The Key to Effective Asbestos Removal
Asbestos fiber is actually often utilized for insulation functions. It is actually comprised of tiny threads that could become airborne as well as lodge in the bronchis. A lot of automobile parts still make up factors like asbestos for a part.
The Third kind of asbestos is gotten in touch with crocidolite. That definitely was actually totally among the widespread materials in the property business. That might be actually the solitary explanation responsible for mesothelioma. It is actually related to the prime root cause of building mesothelioma. This is actually been actually popular in building materials previously, and also means that old homes will possibly have asbestos.
Asbestos includes fibers. This could not consistently have to be cleared away, yet could have the ability to become enclosed or enveloped. That is actually several attributes which make it good for a bunch of commercial usages. This is an incredibly hazardous mineral thread that could possibly disclose no signs from visibility for as much as Thirty Years. While it has actually been actually dealt with from several items, there are actually still numerous vehicle parts withA asbestos still included as a part. In the event the asbestos fiber isn’t in a remarkable condition as well as needs to be cleared away, administer a professional legitimate professional to remove asbestos fiber, don’t be actually shy and also be certain you go to house to inspect the line of work. Need to you certainly not evaluate for asbestos you may be mading your family at risk.
By that 2nd, this is usually late to start productive mesothelioma therapy Removal from potentially carcinogenic things like asbestos was booked today. Sometimes, this could be a smart idea to insist upon extraction of the asbestos-containing material prior to you acquire a home given that extraction rates could be quite sizable.
What Everyone Objects to Regarding Asbestos Removal and also Why
One of the most frequently operated in to asbestos relevant disorders is asbestosis. That is actually certainly not thereby along with asbestos poisoning. In the activity you are actually afraid you may have asbestos fiber poisoning, this is actually incredibly vital that you see your doctor Do not instantly think you’ve received asbestos fiber poisoning because which may certainly not be actually real.
The very most usual style from asbestos fiber exposure is work-related in the property sector, the car company, the railroad business and also in shipyards. Brokening direct exposure to asbestos will decrease the health risks connected to it.
You locate the indicators from asbestos exposure differ in accordance alongside the various phases of somebody’s daily life. In the event you assume asbestos fiber weakness in the past, you have to go ahead to the medical professional to detect any sort of early signals of asbestos visibility. Exposure to asbestos fiber fibers over an extensive amount of time is the main source from asbestosis.
This is actually surprisingly essential that the asbestos is actually positioned and then securely cleared away by technique of a team of trained people Trying to clear away asbestos fiber all in your own is actually a dangerous proposition and also you additionally must not do that unless you are actually a skillful pro in asbestos removal. In case you are actually subjected to asbestos fiber and also smoke cigarettes for a similar time, after that you’re FIFTY to 90 times even more inclined to actually possess a bronchi cancer in comparison to those that may not be left open to asbestos and do not smoke in any sort of method.
If you believe you might have asbestos exposure, feel free to do not delay in seeking advice from with a physician It leads off asbestos fiber visibility, a component that’s applied in many from our commercial and also house remedies. This’s incredibly highly recommended to approach foundation along with a professional asbestos rooftop extraction service to get rid of and happen from your residence’s asbestos roof.
In the event the asbestos really isn’t in a remarkable situation as well as has actually to be cleared away, apply a qualified legitimate contractor to eliminate asbestos fiber, do not be timid and be actually positive you are actually at residence to inspect the line of work.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Early symptoms of adenomyosis
The early symptoms of adenomyosis tend to appear late in the child-bearing years after having children – especially in women aged 40-50 who have had at least one pregnancy – , and generally disappear following menopause when production of estrogen declines. This condition occurs when the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. The displaced tissue continues to thicken, break down, and bleed with each menstrual cycle, resulting in an enlarged uterus and painful, heavy periods. However, the symptoms are often imperceptible, being slightly uncomfortable at most. A telling sign is a lower abdomen that seems larger or feels tender.
When symptoms of adenomyosis are present, they include the following:
· Heavy or prolonged menstruation.
· Severe cramping.
· Dysmenorrheal (sharp pain during menstruation).
· Menstrual cramps that last throughout the period and become worse with age.
· Pain during sexual intercourse.
· Blood clots that pass during the period.
There is no known cause for adenomyosis, though experts have posited several theories.
Possible causes of adenomyosis
Invasive tissue growth
Direct invasion of endometrial cells from the uterus lining into the uterine walls.
Developmental origins
From endometrial tissue deposited within the uterine muscle when the uterus first formed in the fetus
Childbirth-related uterine inflammation
A swelling of the uterine lining during the post-partum period might break the normal boundary of cells that line the uterus.
Stem cell origins
Bone marrow stem cells may invade the uterine muscle, causing adenomyosis.
Regardless of the cause or causes, there are a few risk factors that put a woman at an increased risk of developing adenomyosis; they are having undergone a previous uterine surgery like a C-section or fibroid removal, being middle age, and having given birth to a child. The pain and excessive bleeding that result from this condition are not dangerous, but they can have a disruptive effect on the lives of women with adenomyosis. Physical and emotional complications include:
· Chronic anemia.
· Fatigue.
· Depression.
· Irritability.
· Anxiety.
· Anger.
· Feelings of helplessness.
Moreover, painful menstruation can cause the person to miss work or school, as well as put a strain on relationships, while the unpredictability of the bleeding may lead to avoiding once-pleasurable activities.
This condition may be difficult to diagnose because other uterine disease may resemble the early symptoms of adenomyosis, including fibroid tumors (leiomyomas), uterine cells growing outside the uterus (endometriosis) and growths in the uterine lining (endometrial polyps). Though several tests can steer a doctor toward an adenomyosis diagnosis – namely pelvic exam, ultrasound, MRI, or endometrial biopsy – a hysterectomy (uterus-removal surgery) is the only method for examining the uterus in such a way as to confirm or rule out adenomyosis. Furthermore, a hysterectomy is the only definitive cure, especially in cases of severe pain. In less serious cases, the doctor may recommend other avenues of relief such as:
· Anti-inflammatory medications (for instance, ibuprofen).
· Hormone medications.
· Soaking in a warm bath.
· Wearing a heating pad on the abdomen.
Related: The Ghost of Endometriosis Haunts the Women of the World | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Everyone is aware of the fact that SHAREit is the best app to share and transfer files to other devices and it supports cross-platform sharing.
Using the app you can share files from PC to smartphone and repeat this without using Bluetooth which is the much slower mechanism.
SHAREit for Windows 10/8.1/7 [32/64 Bit]
SHAREit for Windows 10/8.1/7
SHAREit for Windows
Using Shareit for PC you can easily transfer files fron one PC to other PC, smartphone, tablet or any other Mac or iphone device. It first connects to a PC or smartphone and then starts sharing files between the devices.
WHen it comes to using Shareit for Windows 10 either 32 bit or 64 bit, the Shareit.apk with shareit.exe file is installed on your smartphone.
This is how you do it.
First, you get Shareit file for PC and then you use another Shareit on your smartphone and using the QR encoding system you pair both devices. Basically, you have to capture the QR code from your PC with your smarpthone camera to scan it.
After the code is scanned, both devices, smartphone and computer will be connected and you can start transferring files to both devices.
Shareit For Windows 10/8/7
Right now the most popular windows operating system around the world is Windows 10. With this the Shareit for Windows 10 demand has increased to a certain level.
Here you will be able to get the official Shareit file for Windows 10 operating System either you have 32-bit OS or 64-bit.
If you have any other windows you can get Shareit for them using the links at the bottom.
So download the file from the button if you have windows 10 computer.
How to install SHAREit with Windows 10/8/7
Follow this process if you want to install shareit for Windows 10.
1. Download the file from the download link
2. Find the downloaded file from the Downloads folder
3. Double-click on the exe file which wil lbe shareit-kcweb.exe
4. Follow the options
5. Finally, you will get a button to install
6. Give it some time to let it install on your computer.
How do I use SHAREit to share files?
For this, you need to get the app on PC and start transferring files from PC to phone and similarly from phone to PC.
Before you do that read these requirements for using Shareit.
Requirements for file sharing with SHAREit
These are simple requirements like both devices should be on the same wireless network. You can create a direct access point for your routers on your PC and connect with the direct access to your smartphone.
Steps for transferring files with SHAREit
Follows these steps when you connect the smartphone to your PC.
1. Open the app in PC
2. Navigate to Show QR code
3. Click to see the Code
Now on the smartphone follow these steps.
1. Open the app on the phone
2. Click the three vertical points at the left corner at the top
3. Click the option of connecting to PC
4. Tap on scan to connect
5. Now the app will start scanning QR code to pair with PC.
After the scan, they will automatically connect to share data.
SO now you can download and install SHAREit for Windows 10 easily.
shareit for Windows XP
The same shareit for windows XP file you will download from here will work on Windows XP.
shareit for windows vista
The same shareit for Windows Vista file you will download from here will work on Windows Vista.
shareit for windows 7
The same shareit for Windows 7 file you will download from here will work on Windows Vista.
shareit for windows 8
The same shareit for Windows 8 file you will download from here will work on Windows Vista.
Regardless of the operating system version (32 bit or 64 bit), you can download shareit pro free for any windows even for a windows phone the latest version of filehippo and official file of 2018.
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Shareit For Mac | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Two for the Show
Two for the Show may refer to:
* Two for the Show (musical), a 1940 Broadway musical
* Two for the Show (Jack Greene and Jeannie Seely album), 1972
* Two for the Show (Trooper album), 1976
* Two for the Show (Kansas album), 1978
* Two for the Show (David Friesen album), 1994 | WIKI |
Samsung says it’s working on foldable laptop displays
Samsung is expected to unveil its foldable smartphone concept next month, but the company is also working towards bigger devices with foldable displays. “Like foldable smartphones, Samsung is collaborating with display makers to develop laptops with foldable displays that will not just simply fold in and out but create new value and user experience, amid the changing market trends for laptops,” said Lee Min-cheol, vice president at marketing for PCs at Samsung, during a laptop event in South Korea earlier this week. Foldable displays in laptops could transform the market for 2-in-1 devices. Existing convertible laptops attempt to flip and twist into tablet and media modes, but a foldable display would certainly help create new designs. Samsung hasn’t revealed which companies it’s working with, or any expected date for a prototype or retail device. Still, laptops like HP’s new Spectre Folio would be an ideal candidate for a flexible and foldable display, or even potential devices like Microsoft’s “pocketable” Surface. The Korea Herald reports that Lee also revealed that Samsung sells around 3.2 million PCs each year, and that they “play a centric role among IT products in increasing connectivity with other mobile devices.” Samsung also recently revealed an ARM-powered Surface-like 2-in-1 recently, complete with LTE connectivity and the promise of up to 20 hours battery life. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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