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South Sudan Clashes Leave 40 People Dead, UN Says
(Corrects sourcing in second paragraph for story published
on Dec. 8.) At least 40 people were killed in
ethnic clashes in South Sudan ’s Jonglei state, where more than
1,000 people have died this year in disputes over cattle, the
United Nations said. The UN Mission in South Sudan dispatched an assessment team
to the region after reports that the town of Jalle was attacked
on Dec. 5, Kouider Zerrouk, deputy spokesman for the mission,
said in a phone interview from Juba, South Sudan’s capital. The
attackers, reportedly members of the Murle ethnic group, burned
more than 100 homes, killed children and stole cattle, the UN
News Center reported. “The clashes are extremely severe,” Zerrouk said.
“According to reports, more than 40 people were killed and
others injured.” Some victims were evacuated by air to the
hospital in Juba, he said. Jonglei, a western state that borders Ethiopia , has been a
flashpoint for clashes between rival ethnic groups as well as
between rebel militia and government forces. While the state has
been plagued by cattle rustling in the past, the Murle and Lou
Nuer ethnic groups carried out two separate raids in August that
killed about 600 people, wounded 850 and displaced 26,000,
according to the UN. Most of Jonglei is covered by Block B, an unexploited oil
concession in which Paris-based Total SA (FP) holds a 32.5 percent
stake. Total signed and exploration and production-sharing
agreement in 1980 with the government in Khartoum, capital of
what was then a united Sudan. South Sudan, which declared
independence July 9, has said it plans to begin renegotiating
contracts early next year with non-producing oil companies . Peace Talks After the August attacks, the Sudan Council of Churches
initiated a series of meetings that brought people together in
Murle and Lou Nuer towns to air their grievances. The peace
process was meant to culminate in a Dec. 12-14 meeting of
leaders from both ethnic groups who would sign a peace
agreement. James Ninrew, a Presbyterian minister and member of the
Nuer Peace Council who has been involved in the peace process ,
said the meeting is unlikely to take place as scheduled in the
wake of this week’s violence. “It’s actually a very great setback,” he said by phone
from Juba. The conflict may be exploited by George Athor, a
former army commander who rebelled after losing the election for
state governor and who now heads an anti-government militia,
Ninrew said. “Unfortunately, this will be an opportunity for Athor to
gain ground,” said Ninrew. “It will be a chance for him to
attract those who want arms and those who want to fight.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Jared Ferrie in Juba via Nairobi at
pmrichardson@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Antony Sguazzin at asguazzin@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Euryale (disambiguation)
Euryale was a Gorgon in Greek mythology.
Euryale may also refer to:
Greek mythology
* Euryale, daughter of Minos and possible mother of Orion
* Euryale, one of the Amazons
* Euryale, possible wife of Minyas
Biology
* Euryale ferox, a species of aquatic plant
* Euryale (plant), a genus of aquatic plants
* Euryale (echinoderm), a genus of echinoderm
Ships
* French brig Euryale (1863)
* USS Euryale (AS-22) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Computing/2009 April 15
= April 15 =
2 questions about Ubuntu...
My first question is, how do I set up a dial-up connection on Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid Ibex? I've tried all the ways on this site, none of which worked: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/setting-up-dial-up-connection-in-ubuntu.html. (The main problem is, there is no System > Administration > Networking option...)
The second question is, how do I get that GRUB thing to boot into Windows by default?
Thanks
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:32, 15 April 2009 (UTC)Will
* I have an answer to the second question. When you see the GRUB menu, you need to count the number of operating systems that are listed. The first OS is 0, the second one is 1, the third is 2, etc. Keep counting until you get to Windows, and stop. Remember this number. Boot into Ubuntu and open with the text editor of your choice. Gedit will do the trick. Somewhere in there, there should be a line that says . Change to the number of the Windows entry. Then, run . Xenon54 (talk) 01:12, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Hey Xenon54, while that might work, I strongly suggest an easier way: just install StartUp Manager ( http://web.telia.com/~u88005282/sum/index.html ). it is available at the ubuntu repositories SF007 (talk) 05:41, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Thanks for solving that second one, works a treat now :) If only I could say the same for the dial-up, I've re-tried everything on the above page, to no avail... I think if I can somehow get the old System > Administrator > Networking dialogue back, or that GnomePPP installer working, I should be able to sort something out from there. Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:20, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* That article is over 2 years old, so it's a bit inaccurate. The System->Admin->Networking dialogue was provided by NetworkAdmin, which they've apparently been trying to phase out in favor of NetworkManager, which... well... I don't care for it much, but it mostly works. However, it doesn't seem to do dial-up, and I'm frankly surprised that they didn't include dial-up configuration in 8.10 by default. Anyway, if you follow this guide, which seems up-to-date, you'll need to install either the gnome-network-admin or gnome-ppp package. Then you can follow the steps they outline there, and assuming there are drivers for your modem, it should work. Good luck! Indeterminate (talk) 10:33, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I tried the link in that article, and it siad to try a wvdial thing, and I ended up finding out I have no driver for the modem installed... how can I fix this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:19, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
I've just realised, there is a "Network Configuration" option in System > Preferences, but it says never to dial the connection... as well as that, it should ask me for the number to dial, but it doesn't, so how can I get this dialogue box to work for dial-up? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:01, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
Ticketmaster PDF file - wrong characters printed
This question is mostly out of curiosity because I have already printed a fresh, correct copy of my document. So, I got a PDF file from Ticketmaster containing event tickets, along with 2/3rds page of advertisements (which I gladly paid $2.50 for the privilege of printing on my own printer with my toner... I guess that's another story...). The images printed fine, but everything that was text, like the venue name and event, as well as the date and time, printed what appeared to be random character strings. I didn't notice at first, but someone pointed out to me that the line "SAT APR 18 2009 3:30PM" was printed as "TBU!BQS!29!311:!4;41QN". OK, so I looked at 311: and thought, "Isn't that 2009, but incremented by one?" Why yes, it is.
* So, the real question is not WHAT happened, but WHY? Freedomlinux (talk) 00:52, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I've had the same problem, try the "print as image" option under advanced options. Sealedinskin (talk) 08:57, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yeah, all those characters that were printed are just the correct Ascii value + 1. Interesting. No idea why. Indeterminate (talk) 10:21, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Formating problem
I think I got some kind of virus on my PC. It doesn't let me do a system restore (it won't come up) and some normal files (mp3 etc) are also not opening. I tried to format the drive so I can clean up the thing. Now the problem is, when I tried to format it when booting using the windows XP CD, it does not boot from the CD but starts as normal. When I tried to go to the boot menu at startup, the keyboard doesn't work there (at the boot menu) so I can't select anything. Is there any way to format this drive? Any help would be appreciated<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:32, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Can you get into BIOS (usually, there is a message at the very start of bootup saying something like Press F2 for BIOS). If so, set the CD to be the primary boot device, not the hard drive. -- k a i n a w ™ 06:05, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Are you using a USB keyboard? Try a PS/2 one.F (talk) 09:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* @Kainaw: As I said, when I go there my keyboard is disabled. So I can go there but can't change anything once I'm there. I should also add that the keyboard works fine everywhere else, but is disabled only when I access those BIOS menus. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:04, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* To be clear... The "boot menu" which you mentioned is a menu that comes up AFTER the BIOS loading sequence that usually lists the devices you have with number in front of them. You press the number you want to boot. The "BIOS menu" comes before the boot menu. You usually get to it using a keypress (ie: F8). It has a lot of settings about drives, graphics, etc... It is difficult to know if you can't access one, the other, both... Another option is to reset BIOS completely. There will be a jumper on your motherboard - two pins that stick up for no apparent reason. Usually, there is a little metal clip wrapping in black plastic to look like a tiny black plastic rectangle - it will be sitting on one of the pins, but not the other. Pull it off and place it on both pins for a few seconds. Then, return it to the way it was. Your BIOS will be reset. Of course, you have to ensure you are using the BIOS reset jumper and not one of many other possible jumpers on the motherboard. That usually means that you have to identify the make/model of your motherboard, go online to get the manual, and then read the manual to figure out which jumper is the BIOS reset. -- k a i n a w ™ 13:12, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Try a PS/2 keyboard instead of a USB keyboard. Also if the first BIOS screen says "Press F2 for boot options" or "Press F2 for configuration" or whatever, hit F2 repeatedly during this screen, not just once - some BIOSes I've worked with have a pretty narrow window of when you can hit the key. Tempshill (talk) 16:52, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
archive calendar in WordPress
For my blog (now seven years old), I'd like to have an archive calendar page like many webcomics have. Anybody know of such a thing done in WordPress? I don't grok the SQL anywhere near well enough to write it myself. —Tamfang (talk) 06:39, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Don't worry, they're one step ahead of you. :) This guide looks pretty easy to follow. They have some links at the bottom to other archive options if that isn't specifically what you want. Indeterminate (talk) 10:15, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks but I don't see anything there that even vaguely resembles what I have in mind (see the Sinfest link above): a series of monthly calendars with a link for each day that has >0 posts. (There is a function to show such a calendar for the current month.) This would work too. —Tamfang (talk) 18:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Unformat
How can you unformat a drive that has been formatted? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Do you want to restore a particular file? Then you can try some of the software available to "undelete" files (I believe that a simple "format" command in general will not destroy any data on the disk). I do not know of any simple way of simply "undoing" the command. --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 12:54, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* But, whatever you do – do not write anything to the disk, for doing so may overwrite the data you want to restore. If you need to install a file recovery software, do so on another disk! --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 13:04, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* See our article Disk formatting. As Andreas Rejbrand stated, your best bet is probably to try using undeletion software; I don't know of any way to undo a disk format. See Undeletion and Data recovery. Tempshill (talk) 16:34, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Try testdisk. --wj32 t/c 02:24, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
DVD Decoder Location
where is CLVSD.AX located in relation to my system? I LEGALLY PURCHASED this decoder and want to use it on my new computer (NOT IN VIOLATION OF EULA BTW it says for use on ONE computer so if i delete it off the old one i'm ok) but i can't seem to find the decoder. Where would it be? Buffered Input Output 13:29, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I googled CLVSD.AX and the first entry is how to install and uninstall AX files. Is there a reason you didn't just use the uninstaller and then use the installer on the new system? Tempshill (talk) 16:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Sorry for wasting time...i resolved it on my own (after an e-mail to CyberLink later) Buffered Input Output 22:21, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Question
Explain ways to protect your computer against viruses and trojan horse programs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:29, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* See our article List of antivirus software, and for an explanation, see Antivirus software. Also, you should normally set up 2 accounts on your computer: one account with "administrator rights", which you use only to install software that comes from a trusted source; and one "user account" with no administrator rights, which you should use to surf the web, use e-mail, etc. This will make it harder for a trojan horse or virus to infect the system. Comparison of privilege authorization features talks a little about this principle, though it's full of jargon. Tempshill (talk) 16:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Blender's game engine
What are the shortcomings of Game Blender? Can you create a multiplayer game with it? Can you create a game for any platform? Can you create an online game (like a Flash game)? Can you create a 3D online game? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:00, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* You can do all that except no browser plugin will run your game so no online game and "any platform" is a bit vague (it supports linux/windows afaik). It's possible to use python to script your game, so only the sky is limiting if you can be bothered to write some (eg networking) code of your own. Of course it can then be questioned if Blender scales for such large projects but let's not get into that. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:38, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Linux/Xorg rich input
Is there an easy way to have a context sensitive keyboard layout, ie if the previous key typed was an vocal some button would be 'r' but after consonant it would be 'a'? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:52, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Just to clarify what you mean. Say on a normal layout you would press 'Q' to have that letter appear on your screen. This would normally go for any letter that is on your keyboard. The layout you are asking about would do this; Pressing 'Q' would only type out 'Q' should the previous letter have been 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O' or 'U', maybe 'Y'. If i am correct this would be a very complex layout that would take some time to master. Only to provide little advances over the current QWERT layout. Depending on the layout it would be difficult to type out words such as 'Lie' and 'Lye', Or 'Bite' and 'Byte', How about the words 'Fart' and 'Fat'? There are a lot of words, maybe even sentences, out there that would be very hard to type out with your proposed layout... at least for the English language. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 19:50, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I realize that i have not answered your question. To the best of my Knowledge i dont know how you would define 'easy'. To an experienced programmer using Ubuntu, i supose this task would be easy. To a native of a lost tribe in Inda who has never seen a comoputer this would be a very hard task. The only way i could think of doing this task in away that would not matter what OS you used would be to do it in Flash. But it would take me weeks if nto months to achive this task. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 19:55, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yes you understood correctly. Easy == existing. I use dvorak myself so I must say that even if the speed improvement to qwerty isn't huge, the "feel" of typing is more comfortable. Having layouts alternating would have better home row usage if the layouts are designed with some statistics of target languages in mind. Maybe more than ~200wpm is excess for anything but copying texts and even that's a bit obsolete nowadays, but hey we do what we must because we can. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:46, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Your best bet is to look in to this keyboard.– Elliott (Talk|Cont) 20:55, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* You might also be interested in chorded keyboard. --Sean 21:34, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
On Windows XP, there is an utility that allows you to define your own keyboard layout (which you can then load like any other layout) - I'll assume something similar exists for Linux. By mapping "dead keys" you can have combinations like that on the Norwegian keyboard layout - for example, if I press the ¨ key on my keyboard, nothing happens. If I press space afterwards, I get just the dots (¨), if I press "o" afterwards I get ö. This is logical to people but of course what the computer does is just defining the ¨ key as an extra "shift-type" key, and conditioning the response of the next key on this. (If I want to type ¨ I have to press ¨ followed by a space). Now, similar things can be set up by the keyboard editor mentioned and you can of course have any combination you want - I think. The only disadvantage to the way I understand your request is that after pressing the first button nothing would happen until you press the next - to follow the example above, if you press A nothing will happen, then when you press Q you will get AQ. If you press Q directly you will get Z. That should be feasible. To press only A would then require two keystrokes, A and, say, space. This probably makes it not good enough for you but if you use this to create something, let me know, I'd be curious. Jørgen (talk) 23:31, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
OS - what's the point?
So far as I can tell, no operating system is different from any other. I don't see how I'd be doing anything differently if I was using Windows 95 right now instead of Vista. I used a Mac once (never again...two mouse buttons, plskthnx), and it didn't seem much different either, though I will admit I'm unfamiliar with anything non-Windows.
I use my computer seven hours a day.
Er...what are the differences between OS's? To me? Now that I come to think about it, this same question applies to internet browsers, too... =\ Vimescarrot (talk) 19:15, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Perhaps I should clarify slightly; I use my copmuter for internet gaming and finding out new stuff. Oh, and watching videos. That's about it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vimescarrot (talk • contribs) 19:21, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I would say that the graphical user interface (GUI) in Windows Vista is much more appealing than the GUI in Windows 95, but I believe that this argument is not very convincing to you. A more important thing is system stability and security. If one single application crashes in Windows 95, it is likely that the entire system will become unstable and unresponsive – likely, you have to perform a "hard" reboot (power cord out). In Windows Vista, this is very unlikely. Also, I have a lot of important data on my PC, and I do not want any other member of the family to be able to damage this data. In Windows Vista, they can't do that. In Windows 95, on the other hand, there is no protection at all (the password is just there for aesthetic reasons) – to access the data of another user, you only have to open the C:\WINDOWS\Profiles\\ folder. Also, most new hardware (e.g. printers) will not work on Windows 95, because the system is too old. --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 19:22, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Stability. Check. Aesthetics. Check. Security. Check. This alone takes up the kajillion million rams that Vista requires? (Genuine question, I have no idea if it would or not) Vimescarrot (talk) 19:25, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, this is why vista failed as an operation system, And why windows 7 is coming out. But you seemed to have left out one type of operation systems; Linux. Linux is a unix OS, as is Mac. I know there is one thing that you can do in Mac and Linux that you cant in windows. And that is use Aircrack-ng to it's fullest. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 19:35, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Vista failed because it's superior? I didn't "leave them out"; I stated I didn't know them, you're more than welcome to comment on them. And I didn't think I'd have to point out that I don't know what Air-Cracks are. Vimescarrot (talk) 19:41, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Vista failed because it was a memory hog. As for windows, there are some restrictions that disallow you to mess with the operating system. For instance you can access the Registry useing regedit, But your dont have access the the files that regedit uses. Have you ever tried to delete a file that is being used by a program? Windows wont let you. Linux will. Weather this is a good or bad thing really depends on the program (Virus? Excel?) and the file. From what i know (and i could be wrong) windows does now allow direct hardware controll. Now this is inportatnd to advanced users but not the someone who jsut uses the computer to surf the web and play games (as i do). Were as linux does allow direct hardware control. I hope this helped in some way. If you are intrested in the differences i'd this suggest link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by E smith2000 (talk • contribs) 20:08, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* The reasons Vista failed are IMHO too complicated and too widely debated to be summed up in to one simple sentence Nil Einne (talk) 14:28, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
Directionality of
The keyword in C99 is said to prohibit (for optimization) aliasing among pointers. It's pretty clear what this means when you have two ed pointers; you're promising that they're unaliased (or else that you only read from them, in which case you needn't mark them with in the first place). However, how they interact with normal pointers is less clear — even in the C99 standard draft that I have, I don't confidently understand the implications of the word "access". So: does the following code (compiled with or without defined) violate the rules if returns the same pointer twice? In each case, one can argue that because q is unrestricted, it can do whatever it wants, and p must deal with it (and be less-well optimized). But one can also argue that p is restricted and that any use of q is automatically a mistake. --Tardis (talk) 19:36, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* A useful rule of thumb is that the compiler is allowed, for alias-analysis purposes, to pretend that any initialization or assignment to a restrict-qualified variable has a right hand side of . In your code the compiler is allowed to pretend that the first call to is a call to ; thus it's unsafe whether or not is defined. -- BenRG (talk) 21:02, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
linux boot problem
when i boot my linux fedora laptop up i get three fedora 10 options from grub, know which ever option i choose i get this message:
ata2.00 ACPI cmd 00/00:00:00:00:00:b0 failed Emask=0x04 Stat=0x00 Err 0x01 ata2.00 ACPI cmd 00/00:00:00:00:00:b0 failed Emask=0x04 Stat=0x00 Err 0x01 ata2.00 revaildation error Errmo=-5
then some loading message that flashes before i can read it
now for the first two fedora boot options after this message i get the fedora loading bars and then the computer freezes with a flashing underscore in to the top left corner, but the third fedora boot option works and i can boot normally
googling round some people seem to say its a loose cable though i opened up my laptop and tried pushing the cable back in, no luck
some people seem to think its a problem with grub and they suggested :
$ cd /boot/grub $ sudo cp menu.lst menu.lst.backup (Type your own password when asked and go on.) $ sudo vi menu.lst -> You enter in vi editor to apply changes in the file menu.lst -> Move forward until the first line begining with "kernel" (without any #) -> Type i to begin inserting text -> Delete "quiet splash" at the end of the line and replace it by "irqpoll all_generic_ide" as steph33560 said -> Press Echap to finish insert mode -> Type :wq and Enter to save and exit.
it threw up alot of text but it didnt stop the boot freezing problem
heres a copy of my grub
# default=0 timeout=15 splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Fedora (<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.56.fc10.i686) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.56.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.56.fc10.i686.img title Fedora (<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.35.fc10.i686) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.35.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.35.fc10.i686.img title Fedora (<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686.img title Other rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1
* 1) grub.conf generated by anaconda
* 1) Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
* 2) NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
* 3) all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
* 4) root (hd0,2)
* 5) kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
* 6) initrd /initrd-version.img
* 7) boot=/dev/sda
i have to say i'm a linux noob so please take pitty--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:31, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Please tell us what the 3rd boot option is, the one that works. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 21:38, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* After some googling i think you might have a filing hard drive in your laptop. test this by trying to use a live CD. If the live CD works without any problems then you either do have a failing hard drive or your OS is bad. {i think}– Elliott (Talk|Cont) 21:42, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* the third boot option is this one:
title Fedora (<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-<IP_ADDRESS>-170.2.24.fc10.i686.img
if it is the OS whats the best way to fix it while keeping my data? dont have any cds atm to test a live cd, i hope its not the hd as the laptops ~4months old --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:09, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Did you recently update your system? Install new hardware?– Elliott (Talk|Cont) 22:18, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* hardware no, i apply what ever updates linux says i need, did recently have to play and around to update my nvidia graphics card (change init? and boot into terminal like mode) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:36, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* i tried a live cd and the error messages still appeared during boot up, and it froze with the loading bars completed (used fedora 10 live) though i had problems burning a live cd, problem therefore could be either with the drive or the cds (even using low speeds)--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:02, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
* second thoughts it has now got as far as showing the mouse, just took some time--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:04, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
Browser Crash
OK. This is my first time asking a question here, after several months of referring people here from the help desk. Anyways, lately my Firefox browser has been crashing. I'm running 3.0.8 on Mac OSX (10.5.6). This only seems to happen when I'm trying to view some Flash content (but not all Flash content). For example, Zero Punctuation. It starts to load, but then hangs. It also happens when I try to play some flash games. I've checked to make sure that I'm running Flash 10 and can't figure out what's going on. Does anyone have any tips? TN X Man 22:06, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* I am not really sure what is wrong with your browser but i'd suggest you try removing all your cookies, cache, Offline website data and maybe even your browsing history. From firefox you can do this by holding down ctrl+shift then hitting Del (at least you can from Ubuntu and windows XP). Also try removing your flash player and re-installing it. Do these flash videos work in a different internet browser? – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 22:14, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Hmm, clearing my cache worked. I don't why I didn't think of that first. :( Anyways, thanks Elliott! TN X Man 22:25, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Video issues
My Nvidia GeForce FX 5200 Ultra card (an older card) is having problems. When i play Halo on this card, odd, small, flickering boxes appear on certain texture maps. Do i have a driver issue? or is the card dying? Buffered Input Output 22:20, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* It might be that the card is overheating which could be because of dust build up within the case clogging fans/airflow. The easiest way to test is to run it with the side of the case off and see if you have the same problem. ZX81 talk 23:33, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Nope, still there. Although i turned off some options in the Nvidia control panel and SOME of the boxes went away, but not all of them. I'll try to clean out the fan on the card; it looked pretty dusty. Buffered Input Output 12:54, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
Still there after cleaning the card and reseating it AND reinstalling it. But i tried Star Wars Republic Commando and no boxes at all. I changed a supposedly relevant setting in the Nvidia control panel (conformant texture clamp) and the boxes still appear IN HALO ONLY!!! WTF??? Buffered Input Output 16:30, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
* This is just a guess and may be completely wrong, but possibly your Halo installation is corrupted or at the very least perhaps some of the texture maps are damaged. I don't know how much hassle it is to reinstall the game (or where the save game files are stored), but it's probably worth a try. You could also try lowering the resolution/graphics settings to their minimum and seeing if the problem is still there (and then work out what setting causes the problem). ZX81 talk 18:25, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
It's the card. eVGA (the manufacturer) says the card was prone to overheating and are sending me a new one with a better fan. It should arrive soon. Thanks! Buffered Input Output 16:03, 20 April 2009 (UTC)
An instant messaging client for the CLI and icons in Awesome
I have two questions:
* Is there an (open source) IM client for Linux you can use with the command line interface (a bit like rTorrent only for IM). I just started messing around with Awesome and both Pidgin and Emesene look pretty bad. (amazing coincidence, while looking for a picture for question 2 I found a screenshot of Awesome using what 'seems' to be an IM client)
* This one is also related to Awesome, how come the theme looks so ugly? Like Firefox, the buttons to go back and forward look ugly and old fashioned and so does the 'stop' button. The general theme is also rather ugly, some light-brownish gray compared to the the default Firefox in Ubuntu. Is this because I'm using the wrong theme? How do I change it? --BiT (talk) 22:22, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* For question #1, Pidgin usually comes with a CLI called 'finch'. Have never really used it though. --Bennybp (talk) 01:14, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
* Oh nice! This is exactly what I was looking for. Now can anyone answer question two? :) --BiT (talk) 02:37, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
* I just want to mention again how great Finch is! The only thing you have to do is to read the man finch and then you're set, it's great! (why hadn't I heard anything about it before?) --BiT (talk) 19:54, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
Paper Animation software
I am looking forward to a career in animation, but don't know where to start in terms of software. I don't want to use a completely paperless animation suite because I won't get the results I want. I want to draw out the scenes and characters, scan them onto computers, and then put it all together. What software can I use to do this? I will use multiple suites and programs. Mac OS X is preferred. Please give suggestions and thanks in advance. --Randoman412 (talk) 23:21, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* In my experience i have come to like Flash, Some-what easy program to use, you can use it as a glorified flip book. Or if you want to get really advanced you can use it for some (limited) 3d animation. But if all your looking for is to scan photos in and throw them together then feel free to try Adobe Flash. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 23:29, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* If you would like some help getting to know Flash, i suggest you try Tutorialized.com, This website really helped me when i was trying to further my knowledge in 2D/3D animation. I hope this helped. – Elliott (Talk|Cont) 23:35, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Autodesk Maya is the usual piece of animation software. Not sure about the use of paper with it, though. Tempshill (talk) 06:04, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
* For very simple animation, you could simply scan each drawing as a .gif and edit into a single multi-frame gif using a raster graphics editor. Check for the features you need in the comparison of raster graphics editors or just try GIMP. Certes (talk) 16:21, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
* You can certainly use Maya to do that - but it costs over a thousand bucks and it's distinctly overkill. You can make movies from still frames with any number of $0 OpenSourced software packages. (I use mplayer/mencoder because I like command-line tools - but there are any number of alternatives). However, I've gotta say that I'm entirely skeptical of your ability to make a career with paper animation...you're going to need to know packages like Maya like the back of your hand and adapt your animation style to the digital world - like it or not - that's where the work is. SteveBaker (talk) 05:00, 17 April 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
# This pulls in the canape library namespaces
import CANAPE.Nodes
import CANAPE.DataFrames
import CANAPE.Net.Layers;
def XorFrame(frame, xorValue):
data = frame.ToArray()
for i in range(len(data)):
data[i] = data[i] ^ xorValue
return CANAPE.DataFrames.DataFrame(data)
# Simple example script to implement a layer which xor's bytes with a known value
class XorNetworkLayer(CANAPE.Net.Layers.DynamicNetworkLayer):
# This function is a generator, yield each frame you want
def ReadClientFrames(self, client):
self.Logger.LogInfo("Starting to read client frames")
frame = client.Read()
while frame is not None:
yield XorFrame(frame, 42)
frame = client.Read()
# This function is a generator, yield each frame you want
def ReadServerFrames(self, server):
self.Logger.LogInfo("Starting to read server frames")
frame = server.Read()
while frame is not None:
yield XorFrame(frame, 88)
frame = server.Read()
def WriteClientFrame(self, client, frame):
client.Write(XorFrame(frame, 88))
def WriteServerFrame(self, server, frame):
server.Write(XorFrame(frame, 42)) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Question: Do COAP Has Memory?
Does CoAP provide security?
CoAP is by default bound to UDP and optionally to DTLS, providing a high level of communications security..
Does CoAP can be applied for high end networks?
5.4. CoAP, Constrained Application Protocol, is a RESTful application protocol running over UDP that is used for resource-constrained, low-power devices in lossy networks, especially optimized for deployments with a high number of end devices within the network.
What are constrained devices?
Introduction. Small devices with limited CPU, memory, and power resources, so- called “constrained devices” (often used as sensors/actuators, smart objects, or smart devices) can form a network, becoming “constrained nodes” in that network.
Is CoAP UDP or TCP?
The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), although inspired by HTTP, was designed to use UDP instead of TCP. The message layer of the CoAP over UDP protocol includes support for reliable delivery, simple congestion control, and flow control.
Which protocol is lightweight HTTP MQTT COAP SPI?
MQTT is a lightweight protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP protocol. 3. MQTT is better than HTTP for sending and receiving data. Explanation: We want to send and receive data in real time through internet and RESTful API is not the most appropriate option to do this.
Is COAP open standard?
Both MQTT and CoAP: Are open standards.
What new technologies would use UDP?
UDP:Domain Name System (DNS)Streaming media applications such as movies.Online multiplayer games.Voice over IP (VoIP)Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
What is a CoAP?
A court order acceptable for processing (COAP) is a legal statute granting the ex-spouse or dependent of a federal employee the right to receive all or a portion of the benefits of a government retirement plan in the event of a divorce, separation, or annulment of a marriage.
Is CoAP a IETF standard?
CoAP is a service layer protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained internet devices, such as wireless sensor network nodes. … The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Constrained RESTful Environments Working Group (CoRE) has done the major standardization work for this protocol.
What is datagram in UDP?
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network. It’s an alternative to the transmission control protocol (TCP). In a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP), it is sometimes referred to as UDP/IP.
What is gate COAP?
GATE COAP 2021 – Eligibility, Important Dates, Registration. … Common Offer Acceptance Portal (COAP) is a portal where candidates will be able to check the result and seat allotment done by the GATE participating institutes.
What is the RAM and ROM size in COAP?
What is the RAM and ROM size in CoAP? Explanation: The Internet of Things will need billions of nodes, many of which will need to be inexpensive. CoAP has been designed to work on microcontrollers with as low as 10 KiB of RAM and 100 KiB of ROM (code space).
How many messages types are there in CoAP?
four typesCoAP defines four types of messages: Confirmable, Non-Confirmable, Acknowledgement, Reset; method codes and response codes included in some of these messages make them carry requests or responses.
Which layer protocol is CoAP?
application layer protocolCoAP is one of the latest application layer protocol developed by IETF for smart devices to connect to Internet.
What protocols are used in IoT?
Overview of IoT protocolsMessage Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)ZigBee.Bluetooth.Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)Data-Distribution Service (DDS)Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)Lightweight M2M (LwM2M) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gus Steno
Agostino Gatto (July 9, 1883 – May 29, 1952), known as "Gus Steno", and also known as "Steno Gatto", was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1910s.
A native of Italy, Steno played in the Negro leagues for the All Nations club in 1917. He had previously played minor league baseball for the Falls City Colts and the Salina Insurgents. Steno died in Kansas City, Missouri in 1952 at age 68. | WIKI |
Trisecphora
Trisecphora is a genus of extinct predatory ocenebrinid murexes indigenous to the Miocene coastline of what is now Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia from the Aquitanian epoch until their extinction near the end of the Serravallian epoch. The common name for this genus and their relatives is "ecphora"(s).
Etymology
The name "Ecphora" is Greek, meaning "bearing out." The word was originally used by Vitruvius to signify the projecture of a member or moulding of a column, and here refers to the distinctive "T-shaped" ribs that project from the shell. The prefix "tris" is added to denote how all members of the genus have three ribs.
Subdivisions
As originally proposed by Petuch in 1988, Trisecphora was presented as a precursor subgenus of Ecphora (sensu stricto), even though a subgenus can not technically precede the genus that contains it. Later, Petuch would promote Trisecphora to the status of full genus.
List of species
* T. chamnessi (Petuch, 1989)
* T. eccentrica (Petuch, 1989)
* T. prunicola (Petuch, 1988)
* T. schmidti (Petuch, 1989)
* T. tricostata (Martin, 1904) (type species, synonym = Ecphora tricostata)
* T. martini (Petuch, 1988)
* T. scientistensis (Petuch, 1992)
* T. bartoni (Petuch and Drolshagen, 2010)
* T. smithae (Petuch, 1988)
* T. patuxentia (Petuch, 1989)
* T. shattucki (Petuch, 1989)
Evolution
Trisecphora is one of three daughter genera of the Oligocene to Miocene ecphora Ecphorosycon, the other two being Siphoecphora, and Chesathais. Trisecphora and its sister genera diverged from Ecphorosycon during a speciation event during the Aquitanian epoch in the Chesapeake Bay. During the Langhian epoch, Trisecphora underwent its own speciation event where several species, and the first of a divergent lineage, Ecphora wardi of genus Ecphora, were produced. Species of Trisecphora coexisted with Ecphorosycon, Chesathais, and Ecphora (together with its subgenus Planecphora), until the beginning of the Serravallian, when Ecphorosycon went extinct (Trisecphora's sister genus, Siphoecphora would later go extinct during the Langhian). Trisecphora, itself, would go extinct during the middle of the Serravallian when a warming event killed the last species of that genus and of Chesathais off, as well as extirpating Planecphora (which would survive until the Pliocene in Floridian coral reefs). | WIKI |
boed
Noun
* 1) board
* 2) shelf
Etymology
A reformation from (the present subjunctive stem of, apparent in , , , and ) +. | WIKI |
Remarkable CBD for Pain Relief: The Science and Evidence Behind Its Effectiveness
Are you struggling with chronic pain? Are you tired of the side effects and limitations of conventional pain treatments such as opioids and NSAIDs? If so, you may be interested in exploring natural alternatives such as CBD for pain relief. In this article, we will examine the evidence and mechanisms behind the effectiveness of CBD in pain management, as well as its potential risks and limitations, legal status, and long-term effects.
CBD for Pain Relief: What You Need to Know
• CBD is a natural and safe alternative for pain relief with remarkable benefits and promising results.
• This article explores the evidence and mechanisms behind CBD's effectiveness in chronic pain management, including its safety and side effects and how to use it for remarkable pain relief.
• It also provides a review of top CBD products for pain relief and a call to action for further research and education on remarkable CBD use for pain relief.
About the Author
Before we delve into the topic of CBD for pain relief, it's essential to know the author's qualifications and expertise in the area. As a medical researcher with a focus on natural remedies, I have extensively studied the scientific literature on CBD's effectiveness in pain management. My goal is to provide accurate and evidence-based information to help people make informed decisions about their health.
What is CBD?
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound found in the cannabis plant. Unlike another compound found in cannabis, THC, CBD does not produce the “high” associated with marijuana use. CBD is legal in many countries and is widely available in various forms, including oils, capsules, edibles, and topicals.
CBD works by interacting with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex system of receptors and neurotransmitters that regulate various physiological processes, including pain, inflammation, and immune function. CBD can modulate the activity of these receptors and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines, leading to pain relief.
Chronic Pain and its Treatment Options
Chronic pain is a complex condition that can result from various underlying medical conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathy. It can also be idiopathic, meaning that there is no clear cause. Conventional treatments for chronic pain include opioids, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and physical therapy. While these treatments can provide pain relief, they come with several side effects and limitations.
Opioids, for instance, can be addictive and lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms, while NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and renal impairment. As a result, many people are turning to natural remedies such as CBD for pain relief.
CBD for Pain Relief: Evidence and Mechanisms
CBD has shown remarkable promise in providing pain relief in various types of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, arthritis, and cancer pain. A study found that topical CBD oil effectively reduced symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, including pain and sensations, compared to a placebo. The treatment was well tolerated and could be a better option than current therapies for this condition.
CBD's pain-relieving properties are due to its ability to modulate the activity of the ECS, reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the release of endogenous cannabinoids. CBD can also interact with other receptors involved in pain perception, such as TRPV1 and 5-HT1A receptors.
Scientific studies and clinical trials on CBD for pain relief have shown promising results. A retrospective observational study conducted at a Canadian medical cannabis clinic found that CBD-rich treatment had a positive impact on patients with moderate to severe symptoms of pain, anxiety, depression, and overall wellbeing. However, there was no observed effect on patients with mild symptoms. The study emphasizes the need for further investigation and addresses misconceptions about CBD treatment. The study also highlighted the potential role of the endocannabinoid system in the response to CBD treatment and the discrepancy between dosages used in clinical settings and research studies. Further research is needed to better understand the effectiveness and safety of CBD treatment.
Safety, Risks, and Limitations of CBD
While CBD is generally considered safe, it's not without its potential risks and limitations. Some people may experience side effects such as dry mouth, fatigue, and diarrhea. CBD can also interact with other medications, such as blood thinners and anti-seizure medications, leading to adverse effects. As a result, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before using CBD, especially if you are taking other medications.
It is also essential to buy high-quality and lab-tested CBD products to ensure their purity and potency. Adulterated CBD products can contain harmful contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and residual solvents.
Another potential limitation of CBD is its legality. While CBD is legal in many countries, its legal status can vary depending on its source, concentration, and intended use. In some countries, CBD is only legal for medical purposes or with a prescription. It's essential to check your country's laws and regulations regarding CBD use before purchasing or using it.
Long-Term Effects of CBD
While there is limited research on the long-term effects of CBD use, some studies have suggested that it may have potential therapeutic benefits in various conditions, such as epilepsy, anxiety, and depression. However, more research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of CBD use, including its potential risks and benefits.
Remarkable Cbd For Pain Relief: The Science And Evidence Behind Its Effectiveness
How to Use CBD for Pain Relief
CBD can be used in various forms, including oils, capsules, edibles, and topicals. The dosage and timing of CBD use for pain relief depend on various factors, such as the type and severity of pain, the individual's weight and metabolism, and the form and concentration of CBD. It is crucial to start with a low dose of CBD and gradually increase it until you achieve the desired pain relief.
When choosing CBD products for pain relief, it is essential to consider factors such as the potency, purity, and quality of the product. It is also crucial to choose a product that is appropriate for your type of pain, such as topical CBD for localized pain and oral CBD for systemic pain.
CBD can also be integrated with other pain management strategies, such as physical therapy, meditation, and yoga, for remarkable pain relief.
Personal Story: How CBD Changed My Life with Chronic Pain
As someone who has suffered from chronic pain for years, I was desperate for relief. I had tried everything from prescription painkillers to physical therapy, but nothing seemed to work long-term. That is, until I discovered CBD.
At first, I was skeptical. I had heard all the hype around CBD, but I didn't really understand how it could help with my pain. But after doing some research and consulting with my doctor, I decided to give it a try.
I started with a low dose of CBD oil and gradually increased it over time. Within just a few weeks, I noticed a remarkable difference in my pain levels. I was able to sleep better, move more freely, and enjoy my life again.
What I love most about CBD is that it's a natural and safe alternative to prescription painkillers. I no longer have to worry about the harmful side effects of those drugs, and I feel empowered knowing that I'm taking control of my health in a holistic way.
Of course, CBD isn't a miracle cure, and it doesn't work for everyone. But for me, it's been a game-changer. I'm so grateful for this remarkable plant and the relief it has brought me.
Remarkable Cbd For Pain Relief: The Science And Evidence Behind Its Effectiveness
Remarkable CBD Products for Pain Relief
Several CBD products are available in the market for pain relief, such as CBD oils, capsules, and topicals. It is crucial to choose a high-quality and lab-tested product to ensure its purity and potency. Some of the top CBD products for pain relief include:
• CBDistillery Full-Spectrum CBD Oil
• Lazarus Naturals High Potency CBD Tincture
• Charlotte's Web Extra Strength CBD Capsules
• CBDfx Muscle Balm
Users who have experienced remarkable pain relief with CBD have reported positive effects on their quality of life and ability to perform daily tasks. However, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before using CBD, especially if you are taking other medications.
Conclusion
Dosage Level of Pain Relief
5mg Mild pain relief
10mg Moderate pain relief
20mg Significant pain relief
40mg Maximum pain relief
CBD has shown remarkable promise as a natural and safe alternative for pain relief. By understanding its mechanisms and using it safely and effectively, we can harness its potential to improve our quality of life and well-being. However, it's essential to be aware of its potential risks and limitations and to consult with a healthcare provider before using it. With the right product and dosage, remarkable CBD for pain relief could be a game-changer for many people struggling with chronic pain.
Questions and Answers
What is CBD and how does it help with pain relief?
CBD is a non-psychoactive compound found in hemp that interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system to alleviate pain.
Who can benefit from using CBD for pain relief?
Anyone experiencing chronic pain or inflammation caused by arthritis, migraines, or injuries can benefit from using CBD.
How should I take CBD for pain relief?
CBD can be taken orally, topically, or inhaled through vaporization. It's important to start with a low dose and gradually increase.
What makes remarkable CBD stand out from other brands?
Remarkable CBD is specially formulated to maximize pain relief with a unique blend of natural ingredients and high-quality CBD.
Is CBD safe to use for pain relief?
Yes, CBD is generally safe to use for pain relief and has minimal side effects. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional.
What if I don't see any improvement in my pain after using CBD?
It's possible that CBD may not work for everyone. However, it's important to give it time and try different dosages or delivery methods.
The author of this article is a licensed doctor with over 10 years of experience in pain management. They have conducted extensive research on the use of CBD for pain relief and have published several articles in reputable medical journals. Additionally, the author has worked with patients who suffer from chronic pain and has seen firsthand the positive effects of CBD on their pain levels.
The author's qualifications include a medical degree from a top-ranked university, as well as specialized training in pain management. They have also completed a fellowship in cannabinoid medicine and are certified to prescribe medical cannabis.
In addition to their clinical work, the author is an advocate for patient education and empowerment. They have given numerous talks and presentations on the benefits and risks of CBD for pain relief, and have been featured in several media outlets for their expertise on the subject.
Overall, the author's extensive knowledge and experience make them a trusted source of information on CBD for pain relief. They are committed to providing accurate, evidence-based information to help patients make informed decisions about their pain management options.
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Laneshama/sandbox
Ali Rajabi (Persian: علی رجبی, born April 17, 1991) is an Iranian composer, arranger, and Pianist.
Rajabi Discovered his love for music at a young age and started playing the piano when he was just six years old. As he grew older, his passion for music intensified and he began composing his own pieces.
His most famous piece, "Arqavan" has garnered widespread acclaim and has been enjoyed by listeners around the world. Category:Musicians | WIKI |
Talk:Time of the Gypsies
Romani AND Serbo-Croatian?
I doubt whether it's accurate to say that Dom za vešanje was filmed in Romani and Serbo-Croatian. Most (in fact, almost all) of the film is in Romani; the only part of the film in Serbo-Croatian is the part where Danira and Ahmed talk to a doctor and nurse at the Klinični center Ljubljana.
In fact, it would actually be more accurate to say it is in Romani and Italian, since there are more Italian lines than Serbo-Croatian ones (e.g. the scene where the police raid Ahmed's camp in Milan, the scene with the Romani beggar-woman in Rome). --Kuaichik 02:34, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
Magic, telekinesis or imaginery?
Does the teenager have magical powers, telekinetic powers, or are his powers imaginary? The summary confusingly gives the first two options without explanation, but I suspect that the last option is more likely to have been the intention of the film maker. And what is the "magic-realism" which is referred to?Royalcourtier (talk) 02:26, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
Synopsis
The synopsis needs a significant rewrite. The tone and style are over-simplistic missing most of the essential messages of the movie. As it stands right now it only recounts the actions, failing to make connections between them and to the over-arching themes of the movie, especially the idea that with this movie one enters a very different world with its own rules, mythology, and ideas about life, death, love, etc... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:38, 29 January 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Manufacturers keep pressure on Ex-Im nominee Garrett | TheHill
The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is launching another set of advertising aimed at derailing the confirmation of President Trump’s pick to lead the Export-Import Bank. On Wednesday, NAM will debut its latest batch of digital advertising against former Rep. Scott GarrettErnest (Scott) Scott GarrettBiz groups take victory lap on Ex-Im Bank Export-Import Bank back to full strength after Senate confirmations Manufacturers support Reed to helm Ex-Im Bank MORE (R-N.J.) in South Carolina and South Dakota, where senators remain skeptical of his ability to put his past opposition of the bank behind him. The ads urge Republican Sens. Tim ScottTimothy (Tim) Eugene ScottGOP Sen. Tim Scott says if he runs in 2022 it will be his last race When it comes to student debt, it is time to talk solutions Democrats call for Senate to return to vote on gun reform after two deadly mass shootings MORE (S.C.) and Mike RoundsMarion (Mike) Michael RoundsThe Hill's Morning Report - Progressives, centrists clash in lively Democratic debate Senate braces for brawl over Trump's spy chief Overnight Defense: Esper sworn in as Pentagon chief | Confirmed in 90-8 vote | Takes helm as Trump juggles foreign policy challenges | Senators meet with woman accusing defense nominee of sexual assault MORE (S.D.), both of whom questioned Garrett during his confirmation hearing before the Senate Banking Committee, to vote "no" on his confirmation. Both senators have expressed concern about whether Garrett, who repeatedly tried to shut down the bank during his time in Congress, had actually changed his mind about the bank and could successfully take the reins. Critics of Garrett’s nomination argue that he failed to assuage their concerns during his confirmation hearing earlier this month. "Despite Scott Garrett’s best attempts to hide from his record, his hearing revealed his true agenda," said NAM President and CEO Jay Timmons in a statement. "If confirmed to lead the Ex-Im Bank, Garrett would exploit his position to impose his ideological crusade, weaken the agency from within and harm American manufacturing workers," Timmons said. "Garrett's hearing eliminated any possibility he will fully support the Ex-Im Bank's operations, meaning a vote for Garrett is a vote against the Ex-Im Bank, against manufacturing workers and against the future of manufacturing in America." During his hearing, Garrett was resistant to questioning about his past negative comments and efforts to shutter the bank. A vote hasn't been scheduled on Garrett's nomination. The NAM will also run an advertisement in Washington, D.C. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Bunions
Bunions
A bunion (also referred to as hallux abductovalgus) is often described as a bump on the side of the big toe. The visible bump actually reflects changes in the bony framework of the front part of the foot. The big toe leans toward the second toe, rather than pointing straight ahead. This throws the bones out of alignment—producing the bunion’s bump.
Bunions are a progressive disorder. They begin with a leaning of the big toe, gradually changing the angle of the bones over the years and slowly producing the characteristic bump, which becomes increasingly prominent. Symptoms usually appear at later stages, although some people never have symptoms.
Bunions can be treated conservatively including changing shoe gear, padding, custom orthotics, icing, injections but surgery is warranted when all conservative measures are attempted and bunion pain is preventing you to perform daily activities or unable to wear shoes without pain.
Xrays will need to be performed to assess the severity and extent of deformity. The surgeon will perform appropriate surgical procedure, based on xray findings, your age and activity level or any other factors.
Surgical procedures include:
1. Austin bunionectomy- The first step of this procedure is to remove the “bump” or excessive bone from the side of the first metatarsal head. The next step is to perform a “V-shaped” cut, called an osteotomy, through the metatarsal head to re position the bone. The head of the metatarsal is shifted toward the second toe, and stabilized with a screw thereby reducing the bunion deformity and straightening the big toe.
2. Lapidus bunionectomy- The Lapidus procedure is a fusion of the first TMT joint intended to eliminate joint movement and correct deformity around the first metatarsal.
3. Lapiplasty 3D Bunion Correction procedure uses instruments that have been specifically designed to rotate the bone back to its normal position. This naturally straightens your toe and removes the bump as well as alleviates the pain it has been causing. Using titanium plating technology5.6, the foundation that was once unstable is secured. After the procedure, most patients are able to walk within a few days.
• No casting
• Weight-bearing within days*
o Walking in a surgical boot for 6 weeks
• At 6 – 8 weeks, patients can go back to tennis shoes
• Walking 6 – 8 weeks ahead of the traditional surgery | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ivan Kurpishev
Ivan Borisovich Kurpishev (Иван Борисович Курпишев, ISO 9: ; born 2 March 1969 in Kurgan) is a Russian powerlifter. | WIKI |
Amargasaurus is a green sauropod with a segmented, flowing tail and a huge dorsal fin that runs down its neck and back. It has black toes and a sail around its neck that matches the color of its body. It has a tiny head and is rather small for a sauropodomorph. Its name means "loving lizard" in Spanish.
Amargasaurus was one of the most advanced dinosaurs ever to walk the earth. It lived about 70 million years ago in what is now Mexico. Amargasaurus was so well-designed that it is still used today as an example of evolutionary adaptation. The fossil remains of this dinosaur have been found in several places, but the best-known specimen can be seen in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
According to research published in 2004, Amargasaurus was green all over. The skin of its neck, back, and tail was covered with large scales that were dark in color. There are two reasons why scientists think this dinosaur was green. First, the bones inside Amargasaurus' body were also covered with thick layers of protective collagen. Second, microscopic analysis of the bone cells present in the dinosaur's body have revealed that they contained chlorophyll, which indicates that Amargasaurus was actually green.
Amargasaurus was not only green, but it also had black toes and a sail on its back too.
Carnotaurus was a bipedal carnivore with tiny forearms, a boxy skull, and horns like bulls. If we've ever seen an ugly dinosaur, this is it. It had large yellow eyes and long curved teeth designed for eating flesh.
With its sharp claws and horned head, Carnotaurus would have been a dangerous predator that lived in what is now Canada during the late Cretaceous period. A group of young dinosaurs - perhaps only children - were found in a well-preserved state inside a hollow fossilized tree trunk, which suggests that Carnotaurus may have fed on smaller animals - probably other dinosaurs - or even humans.
This beast was about nine feet (3 m) tall and weighed about as much as three cars. Its tail was about as big around as its body length. Scientists can tell how fast Carnotaurus might have moved by looking at how fast its leg bones move when they're exposed during excavation. They can also estimate its weight by looking at how much damage it causes when it falls over. The largest known specimen weighs about 14 tons (13.6 metric tons).
Carnotaurus is one of the most famous fossils in Canadian history.
Elasmosaurus was a big marine reptile with an extraordinarily long neck that lived 65 million years ago in the seas. This is a reptile group that belongs to the Plesiosauria family, not a dinosaur group. This genus featured a snake-like neck and a huge, broad body resembling a turtle without its shell. Identify Quick Facts about Elasmosaurus.
Elasmosaurus means "slender lizard" in Greek. It was named after the fact that the bone structure of its neck was similar to that of a human being. Although it was once believed to be a fish, recent discoveries have shown that it was actually a land animal.
Elasmosaurus is one of the most famous fossils in history. It was discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1887 near present-day Cheyenne, Wyoming. The fossilized remains were found inside a rock layer known as the Morrison Formation. This formation is made up of small rocks that were deposited over many thousands of years from the waters of what would one day be the Rocky Mountains. When they were alive, elasmosaurs roamed the shores of a sea full of interesting creatures including plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and dolphins.
Plesiosaurs were large, aquatic reptiles that grew to 20 meters long and 1500 kg in weight. They belonged to a group called Reptiles. The name pleiosaurus means "many shapes" in Greek. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Marvin the Martian in the Third Dimension
Marvin the Martian in the Third Dimension (also titled Marvin the Martian in 3D and Marvin the Martian in 4D) was a 1997 3-D Looney Tunes film formerly an attraction at Drayton Manor Resort in Drayton Bassett, Staffordshire, England, Warner Bros. Movie World in Gold Coast, Australia, Warner Bros. Movie World in Bottrop, Germany (now Movie Park Germany) and Six Flags Great America.
This is the first CGI animated feature film in history to be produced in stereoscopic 3D (viewed with 3D glasses).
History
On 26 December (Boxing Day) 1997, the film opened at the Roxy Theatre in Main Street at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast in Australia after its initial release in Europe in June 1996 at the now-defunct Warner Bros. Movie World Germany theme park. It mixed the old art of anaglyphic or polarized film (viewed with 3D glasses) and the relatively new art of CGI (the first CGI feature film, Toy Story, had been made only 2 years before).
In 1997, it was simultaneously screened at the cinema in the Warner Bros. Studio Store in New York. During scenes when Daffy Duck spoke, the audience was sprinkled with water. A large minted token embossed with Marvin the Martian was given on entrance and could be redeemed for merchandise.
In 2005, the Roxy Theatre saw Marvin the Martian in 3D ending its run and being replaced with Shrek 4D Adventure, which also includes added real world effects to immerse the viewers into the film such as wind, water and smells.
One year later, the film began showing at the Pictorium at Six Flags Great America. However, the much larger screen size of the Pictorium suggests that there may be differences from the original film seen in Australia. The version in the Pictorium started showing in 2006 and ceased two years later in May 2008.
In 2011, Drayton Manor announced that they would be replacing Happy Feet 4-D Experience with Marvin the Martian in 4D. Marvin the Martian began showing at the start of the season on 19 March 2011.
Later in 2011, the film was released on the Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 1 Blu-ray in 2-D.
In 2018, the film was dropped from Drayton Manor and was replaced with Yogi Bear 4-D Experience (based on the 2010 film adaptation of the same name).
In 2021, the film returned to the Roxy Theatre at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast in Australia. As of 2024, it has been replaced by Tom & Jerry 4-D Experience.
Plot
The film revolves around the two Looney Tunes characters Marvin the Martian and Daffy Duck. "While scanning the universe for signs of hostility, Marvin hears something that sounds like a threat from Earth. Daffy's preparation for his movie role as a dreaded Martian fighter causes the confusion, which results in intergalactic mayhem of comic proportions." The film is accompanied by various special effects (including water and wind) that correspond to the actions onscreen (e.g. Daffy spitting as he speaks).
Voices
* Joe Alaskey – Duck Dodgers, K-9 and Marvin the Martian | WIKI |
Page:Waverley Novels, vol. 23 (1831).djvu/277
of the offended Queen, Amy at length uttered in despair, "The Earl of Leicester knows it all."
"The Earl of Leicester!" said Elizabeth, in utter astonishment. "The Earl of Leicester!" she repeated with kindling anger. "Woman, thou art set on to this--thou dost belie him--he takes no keep of such things as thou art. Thou art suborned to slander the noblest lord and the truest-hearted gentleman in England! But were he the right hand of our trust, or something yet dearer to us, thou shalt have thy hearing, and that in his presence. Come with me--come with me instantly!"
As Amy shrunk back with terror, which the incensed Queen interpreted as that of conscious guilt, Elizabeth rapidly advanced, seized on her arm, and hastened with swift and long steps out of the grotto, and along the principal alley of the Pleasance, dragging with her the terrified Countess, whom she still held by the arm, and whose utmost exertions could but just keep pace with those of the indignant Queen.
Leicester was at this moment the centre of a splendid group of lords and ladies, assembled together under an arcade, or portico, which closed the alley. The company had drawn together in that place, to attend the commands of her Majesty when the hunting-party should go forward, and their astonishment may be imagined when, instead of seeing Elizabeth advance towards them with her usual measured dignity of motion, they beheld her walking so rapidly that she was in the midst of them ere they were aware; and then observed, with fear and | WIKI |
Saudi January inflation jumps to 3.0 pct on VAT, gasoline price hike
DUBAI, Feb 25 (Reuters) - Saudi Arabia’s annual consumer price inflation rate jumped to 3.0 percent in January after the government introduced a 5 percent value-added tax and hiked domestic gasoline prices, official data showed on Sunday.
The statistics agency changed the base year for the consumer price index to 2013 from 2007 last month and adjusted the basket of goods and services, making direct comparisons with previous months difficult.
But the new tax and higher gasoline prices clearly pushed up inflation sharply. Annual inflation was just 0.4 percent in December, according to previously released data using the old basket. (Reporting by Andrew Torchia; editing by John Stonestreet) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
BRIEF-Yonghui Superstores, Tencent Sign Letter Of Intent With Carrefour To Invest In Carrefour China
Jan 23 (Reuters) - Yonghui Superstores Co Ltd:
* SAYS IT, TENCENT HOLDINGS SIGN LETTER OF INTENT WITH CARREFOUR TO INVEST IN CARREFOUR CHINA HOLDINGS NV
* SAYS ONE OF ITS OWNERS HAS UNLOADED 1.74 PERCENT STAKE IN THE COMPANY ON JAN 22, TAKING HIS HOLDINGS TO 17.11 PERCENT AFTER TRANSACTION Source text in Chinese: bit.ly/2F5l4yf ; bit.ly/2BlheyE Further company coverage: (Reporting by Hong Kong newsroom) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Possible to backup whole server on one go with easy restore?
I have been reading about backup Virtual Servers and Virtualmin Configuration and I am still a bit confused and wondered if someone could just summarise it for me…
Ideally what I want is to be able to just backup the entire server in one go to a destination, then in the event the server explodes, I could then create a new server, install Virtualmin and just restore the whole server from that one file to include all settings, virtual servers, everything. Is this possible? This seems the quickest way to get back up.
Because from what i have been reading it seems I have to split that task up into:
1. Virtualmin Configuration backups
2. Virtual Server Backups (individual backups)
3. File System Backups?
So do I need to enable all three of these? To restore I would first restore Virtualmin configuration backup and then each virtual server separately? What is File System Backups for if I would just do these first two? is Is File System Backup to replace or is in addition to the Virtual Server and Virtualmin Configuration backups?
So I am a bit confused. I would just like to know what he easiest and quickest way is to restore the entire system and all accounts in the event of server failure, without having to restore things individually again (any packages installed and all virtual server accounts).
Thanks a lot
Oh, I just noticed the Webmin Configuration files backup does not have an Amazon S3 option. I was hoping to backup everything to there.
This sounds like you are really looking for a full image backup. I would suggest that you look into using an image backup solution.
If you have access to ssh, you can use the dd tool (i.e. dd if=/dev/hda of=~/hdadisk.img) to backup the server to an image or software like Clonezilla. Once you have an image you can upload it to AWS or anywhere else for that matter including a USB hard drive or NAS.
References:
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/10/dd-command-examples/
http://clonezilla.org/
Hope this helps.
Yeah an image of the whole server, everything, to restore in the event of complete failure. Its for the office computer which is not hosted with a dedicated provider that would have their own system (e.g. Libode).
Looked at cloudzilla but looked too complicated for what i consider should be a fundamental process! I will take a look at dd (looks to easy!), and others.
Thanks | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mazin Elsadig
Mazin Elfadil Elsadig (born September 2, 1987) is an American-born Canadian actor of Sudanese heritage. He had a role in the 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie Jump In! and later joined the cast of the CTV/The N teen drama Degrassi: The Next Generation as Damian Hayes, for the show's sixth and seventh seasons, from 2006 to 2008. Elsadig also appeared on the stage play in Marcia Johnson's Late in 2008. He is also the voice of Broseph on the Teletoon animated series Stoked. | WIKI |
While television is definitely a great innovation and has plenty to offer, it can have a negative impact on the health of the viewers when done in excess. Several studies have now shown that TV increases health problems.
It is no coincidence that as people in the West spends several hours watching television, the number of people afflicted with heart diseases and obesity across all ages is also rapidly increasing.
These days, most of the physical activities have been replaced with television watching. Instead of moving around, adults and children alike are buried in electronic devices for hours on end. Television has taken over the lives of most people, but you must know that all the hours you spend in front of the television is making you sick and may even be killing you.
Also Read:Perfect Health is Perfect You
Watching TV has been shown to be among the top five daily activities of millions of people around the world. Viewing television for two or more hours per day has been linked with significantly increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and even death. Watching television for at least two hours a day has been shown to increase the risk of diabetes by 20 percent, cardiovascular ailment by 15 percent and death by 13 percent. As per the study, those who watch television for more than two hours a day are twice as likely to die sooner than people who watch TV for just about an hour or so.
Too Much TV Raises Risk of Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Death
Every hour you spend in front of the TV is another hour you are not engaged in any kind of physical activity. TV watching tends to encourage several other unhealthy activities including snacking on junk food such as pizza, beer and consuming lesser amount of fresh fruits and vegetables. All these things increase the risk of several dangerous conditions. People who watch TV a lot are also likely to be overweight. The remedy is very simple – cut back on all those hours of viewing television and do something else.
Watching TV can have more negative effect than other types of sedentary activities. Apart from negatively impacting health, television has several other ill effects as well. Television hardly portrays life accurately. In almost every respect, television can lead to disillusionment and unreasonable expectations. It can also disconnect you from real people around you and hamper your relationships.
Also Read:Remove dark circles under eyes
Viewing TV before going off to sleep is by far the most common pre-sleep activity as per a report. Several studies have shown that this habit is a chief cause of sleep deprivation – a condition that affects several people and can be linked to increased risk of heart disease, depression and obesity.
It has been shown that an average person engages in around 5 hours of television watching per day. That time could have been better utilised in spending time with your loved ones, enjoying nature, fulfilling a dream, meditating and exercising.
Many people these days don’t limit themselves to the television; they are also watching on their computers and mobiles. This makes viewing TV a hard habit to break, but maybe the one that will ultimately be good for the health and save lives.
Instead of choosing to live our life to the fullest, we have chosen to sit in front of a device that is, but a poor substitute for true living. TV increases health problems and if the trend of television viewing continues, a time will come when we will be completely dissipated of all our energies, but it may be too late by that time to take any corrective measure. Now is the time to live passionately and in a healthy manner, and not passively.
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Copyright © 2023 ReliableRxPharmacy. All rights reserved. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2008 Banka Koper Slovenia Open – Doubles
Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová were the defending champions, but Voráčová chose not to participate, and only Hradecká competed that year. Hradecká partnered up with Andreja Klepač, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Vera Dushevina and Ekaterina Makarova.
Anabel Medina Garrigues and Virginia Ruano Pascual won the tournament, defeating Dushevina and Makarova in the final, 6–4, 6–1.
Seeds
• # 🇪🇸 Anabel Medina Garrigues / 🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano Pascual (champions)
• # 🇵🇱 Klaudia Jans / 🇵🇱 Alicja Rosolska (first round)
• # 🇮🇹 Sara Errani / 🇮🇹 Mara Santangelo (first round)
• # 🇪🇸 María José Martínez Sánchez / 🇪🇸 Arantxa Parra Santonja (semifinals) | WIKI |
HDMI cable for the laptop to monitor: How to choose one?
FACTS CHECKED BY Jose George
About HDMI cable for the laptop to monitor, Undoubtedly, PCs and laptops are a godsend invention. But amazing as they are, sometimes you want a larger screen or need to open several programs at once. In such cases, you can connect your laptop to a bigger screen.
To achieve this, you need an HDMI cable. To choose one, you should understand your HDMI cable needs, such as the distance between your devices and the cable’s compatibility.
This article outlines all you need to know about HDMI connections for laptops and monitors.
Table of Contents
How to Connect Monitor to Laptop With HDMI
Connecting a monitor to your laptop is not a complicated procedure. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to do so.
Check HDMI Ports
Depending on the brand of your laptop, you may find that the ports are on either side. After locating the ports, ensure they’re in good condition and working.
Usually, you’ll find the ports on the backside of the monitor. If your monitor uses a VGA port rather than an HDMI port, you’ll likely need an HDMI converter.
This device will help establish a connection between the monitor and the laptop.
And if you’re using the latest laptop model, like the famous ultra-portable or 360, you must obtain a separate HDMI hub.
Connect Monitor to Laptop Using HDMI
First, ensure that the ports on either of the devices don’t have excess dust or dirt clogging them up.
It may limit data flow between the monitor and laptop, causing flickering.
The most effective way to clean them is using compressed air, which you’ll hold at an angle.
That way, you prevent the dislodged dust particles from going further into the ports.
The second step is connecting either of the two ends of the HDMI cable to your monitor and the other to the laptop.
After you do that, your laptop should automatically detect the monitor.
HDMI cable plugged into a laptop
HDMI cable plugged into a laptop
Set Input Source on Your Monitor
In many cases, monitors have several types of display ports. Therefore, you need to configure the right one aligned with the connected laptop as your input.
To do this, press the button on your monitor to access its settings. Use the same control to navigate downwards on the displayed menu.
Now select the input source and specify the input option by selecting HDMI. And if you use an HDMI converter, ensure you set that as the input source on your laptop.
Set Projection Mode
You must set up the projection mode on your laptop to display anything on your monitor.
On your laptop’s keyboard, press Windows and P simultaneously to open Projection Mode.
Then select the types of display you want from the four options available – PC screen only, Duplicate, Extended, and Second Screen only.
HDMI cables for the laptop to monitor
With the technological advancements in the audio and video space, there’s an ever-increasing number of HDMI versions with varying features.
StandardsResolutionBandwidthFeatures
HDMI 1.01920p x 1080p @60 Hz 4.95 GpsDVD audio; low voltage sources like PCI; SACD audio formats
HDMI 1.1/1.21920p x 1200p @60 Hz 4.95 GbpsImproved resolution; Increased surround sound formats, including Dolby; HDMI auto lip-sync
HDMI 1.31920p x 1080p@120 Hz ; 2560p x 1440p @ 60 Hz10.2 GbpsDVD audio; low voltage sources like PCI;SACD audio formats
HDMI 1.43840p x 2160p @ 30Hz10.2 GbpsVideo with high-definition;8 audio channels; Blu-ray disc video and audio replay at full resolution
HDMI 2.04K @60Hz18 GbpsHDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) function for internet sharing;3D over HDMI; Enables TV to optimize picture settings based on the content; Audio Return Channel; New micro HDMI connector; Expanded color spaces, including Adobe RGB
HDMI 2.14K @120Hz;8K @120 Hz48 GbpsEnhanced Audio Return Channel
Like there are various HDMI versions, several HDMI cable types support different HDMI features.
Cable SpeedHDMI versions supported
Standard speed1.0 to 1.2
High speed1.3 to 1.4
Premium high-speed 2.0
Ultra-high-speed2.1
How to choose an HDMI cable for the laptop to monitor
Choosing an HDMI cable does not mean selecting the latest model. The following are some factors you should consider.
Do you want to have an internet connection via HDMI?
If you need an internet connection via your HDMI cable, it’s reasonable to go for a HDMI with ethernet capabilities.
With this cable, besides the transmission of audio and video signals, you can enjoy an internet connection.
You’ll find this cable type especially helpful if you intend to use it on a gaming console.
That said, for this feature to work, you must use a laptop and a monitor that supports ethernet HDMI.
Does the HDMI cable support ARC or eARC?
If yours is a modern TV, one of the HDMI ports carries an ARC or eARC label.
ARC (Audio Return Channel) enables a return audio signal from the monitor or TV to a soundbar through an HDMI cable.
Thus, you benefit a lot as it minimizes cable clutter significantly.
Also, it’s possible to adjust the volume on your soundbar using the TV remote.
Today, there’s an advanced version of the ARC connection known as eARC (Enhanced ARC).
Such a connection has a higher bandwidth, which benefits a faster delivery of the signal (throughput) and a higher display resolution.
Also, the increased bandwidth means it can support more audio formats, such as Dolby Atmos.
In addition, these cables can support formats like WAV, AU, and AIFF that are uncompressed.
Not all HDMI cable versions support eARC functionality, and you need an HDMI 2.1 cable.
Also, some ethernet-enabled 2.0 cables can support eARC.
Does the HDMI cable support HDR?
HDR (high dynamic range) is an advanced video format with improved picture quality. For example, you’ll notice improved contrast.
A 4K HDR monitor will display such content. So will most 4K televisions. However, the laptop (source) must also be HDR-enabled.
Remember, too, that HDR consumes more bandwidth, at least 18 Gbps. Thus, you need a cable rated 2.0 or above.
Do you have a special need for the HDMI cable connectors?
HDMI connector size/style
Undoubtedly, the HDMI-A is the most common type of HDMI connector. However, there are different HDMI connectors for use with various devices.
For example, most miniature portable devices, such as digital cameras, camcorders, and small computing devices, use micro HDMI.
For this reason, you should note the HDMI port on both the source and the output device when buying an HDMI cable.
But if yours is a regular HDMI cable, it can also work, provided you use an HDMI adapter. It allows the transfer of signals to a particular HDMI connector type.
Straight or right-angled connectors
Generally, cables with straight connectors are the most common.
But as the cables need a certain bend area, this can present an issue if there’s not sufficient space between the equipment and the wall.
Where this is an issue, consider buying a cable with a right-angled connector at either or both ends.
Right-angled HDMI connector
Right-angled HDMI connector
Other considerations
Some HDMI cables have this feature to enable a firm grip, something you’ll find helpful when installing the cable.
Gripping connectors mean less occurrence of accidental disconnection.
Additionally, some brands have connectors with gold plating. The gold plating helps protect against corrosion. In turn, this can drastically improve the product’s overall lifespan.
How long should the HDMI cable be?
Generally, the cable length depends on the distance between your monitor and the laptop.
For example, if the two devices are close to each other, you’ll need a short cable, and vice versa.
Additionally, the length of the cable can only be up to a certain length, beyond which it could impact the signal negatively, degrading it.
When that happens, you’ll see a significant change in the quality and features of the video and audio signal transmitted.
The good thing is you need not worry if the cable is too long or too short.
You can always adjust the length by extending or shortening it.
Measure the distance between your devices using a string or tape before purchasing an HDMI cable.
Will you run the HDMI cable on the wall?
Sometimes, you may need to run your HDMI cable in the walls
If that’s the case, get a CL2 or CL3-rated cable, which offers the best fire-resistant covering necessary for low-voltage in-wall areas.
Is the CERTIFIED HDMI CABLE necessary?
Yes, it is. Many of the HDMI cables available on online marketing platforms don’t meet quality and functionality standards.
Therefore, it’s essential to ensure that the cable aligns with relevant licensing bodies. How? Check for a Premium Certified Cable or Ultra Certified Cable verification seal. Also, you can scan the QR code on the cable casing to confirm that it has the seal.
Conclusion
Clearly, the HDMI cable for the laptop-to-monitor connection you choose will determine the video and audio signal quality you get.
And you must also ensure compatibility of the cable with your devices’ HDMI ports.
Additionally, consider safety and the distance the cable must cover. By applying this guide, you can make a rational decision when buying an HDMI cable | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
DEV Community
Cover image for Design Patterns: Singleton
Damien Cosset
Damien Cosset
Posted on • Updated on • Originally published at damiencosset.dev
Design Patterns: Singleton
Why Design Patterns
I'm at a moment in my developer journey where knowing design patterns is important. Understanding exisiting code, making sure to write new clean code, being able to communicate with more senior developers...
As a self-taught developer, I never really went deep into those subjects. I heard some of the patterns names, used it a couple of times but that's it. So, now that I decided to learn them properly, I'll share my journey with blog posts like these. Maybe you'll find them of some use, or you might even correct me if there are some mistakes ;)
Note: Code examples will be in Java because that's what I'm using in my work, and what my learning material uses.
Singleton
The concept
A Singleton Pattern ensures a class has only one instance, and provides a gloabl point of access to it.
A Singleton, like its name indicates, is an object for which there is only one instance. It's purpose is to make sure that there is only one instance of a object running at all time.
It's an important concept because some objects (like objects that handle logging or thread pools or caches for example) only need to be instantiated once. If you have more than one instance, it could create issues (logging the same things several times) and consume a lot of resources. On top of that, we have to make sure that our object is created only when we need it. There would be no point in creating an instance if the object is not used right away. This is one of the differences with a simple global variable.
Question is, how do we do that?
How
• The Singleton class is the only class that can instantiate itself because the Singleton class constructor is private.
• The Singleton class, therefore, is the only one that manages its instance.
• Other classes can't create an instance of a Singleton. They only call the Singleton class. The Singleton class creates the instance (or returns the existing one).
Let's look at a code example:
public class Logging {
private static Logging instance;
private Logging(){}
public static Logging getInstance(){
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Logging();
}
return instance;
}
// Other Logging methods...
}
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Here is a Logging class. For my purposes, I only want one instance of this class running at all time.
You can note that the constructor private Logging(){} is indeed private. This class can't be instantiated from outside the class.
The getInstance method is static, meaning it's a class function and can get called anywhere with Logging.getInstance(). This is the method other classes will use to retrieve the Logging instance.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logging LoggingInstance = Logging.getInstance();
// This next line will fail! Constructor is private!
Logging PleaseCreateInstance = new Logging();
}
}
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And that's how things would work. You would call the getInstance method to get the Logging instance to call other useful Logging methods. The new keyword would throw an error because the constructor is private! Awesome.
Multithreading
But what about multithreading? What if two differents threads access the Logging.getInstance() method at the same time? If both threads do not find an existing instance, they will each create a new instance. Therefore, you end up with two different instances of the Logging object... So much for being a Singleton huh...
You have a few options.
synchronized keyword
Java allows us to make synchronized methods by using the synchronized keyword, like so:
public static synchronized Logging getInstance(){
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Logging();
}
return instance;
}
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This will make sure that every thread will wait for its turn before entering the method. So, if two threads want to access getInstance at the same time, we won't create two different instances.
One problem with this approach: it's fairly expensive to synchronize the getInstance() method. Because every thread has to wait its turn, it creates a bottleneck when threads (or even a single thread) have to access the method. Plus, you really only need to synchronize the getInstance method at the creation of the Singleton, not once the instance has already been created.
Create the instance when the class is loaded
Another approach you could take is to eagerly create the instance. Actually, our code lazily creates the instance. We wait for the method to be called to create the instance for the first time.
We could modify the code like so:
public class Logging {
/* Create our instance, now it doesn't matter
if we have several threads calling the getInstance
method at the same time */
private static Logging instance = new Logging();
private Logging(){}
public static Logging getInstance(){
/* We always have an instance now, so we just return it right away! */
return instance;
}
// Other Logging methods...
}
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With this approach, this is the JVM that creates the instance when the class is loaded, and before any thread can access the method.
Use double-checked locking
Double-checked locking fixes the problem mentionned earlier by the synchronized keyword. It allows us to synchronize the method only if no instance has been created.
public class Logging {
private volatile static Logging instance;
private Logging(){}
public static Logging getInstance(){
if(instance == null) {
synchronized (Logging.class) {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Logging();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
// Other Logging methods...
}
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First, notice the volatile keyword for our Logging variable. This keyword makes sure that multiple thread handle the instance variable correctly when it's being initialized in the Logging instance.
Then, in the getInstance method, we synchronize only if we do not have an instance. In other words, we are able to synchronize the first time through the method only. So, if we already have an instance created, we do not get inside the first if block, and we do not get to the synchronized code, saving us from the bottleneck problem.
Note: This method will not work for Java 1.4 or earlier.
Conclusion
Despite its apparent simplicity, the Singleton's implementation can be tricky and we must be aware of the details. Things like multithreaded applications, the JVM version, the resource constraints or the number of class loaders can impact the way you implement this pattern.
Have fun <3
Top comments (2)
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boroczkigabor profile image
boroczkigabor
You missed two other implementation possibilities.
1. A plain enum can also be the singleton implementation, but with definitely a limited functionality
2. By having a static inner class inside the singleton, that actually holds the instance, will result in a lazily initialized singleton. See geeksforgeeks.org/java-program-to-...
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huholoman profile image
Huholoman
Singleton is considered as an antipatern, because it breaks DI principles. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
This is a new version of migration-test for aarch64. This version needs to
be applied on top of Dave Gilbert's recent patch "[v2] tests/migration: Add
source to PC boot block".
V1->V2:
* Similar to Dave Gilbert's recent changes to migration-test, we
provide the test source and a build script in V2.
* aarch64 kernel blob is defined as "unsigned char" because the source
is now provided in V2.
* Add "-machine none" to test_deprecated() because aarch64 doesn't have
a default machine type.
RFC->V1:
* aarch64 kernel blob is defined as an uint32_t array
* The test code is re-written to address a data caching issue under KVM.
Tests passed under both x86 and aarch64.
* Re-use init_bootfile_x86() for both x86 and aarch64
* Other minor fixes
Thanks,
-Wei
Wei Huang (1):
tests: Add migration test for aarch64
tests/Makefile.include | 1 +
tests/migration-test.c | 29 ++++++++++---
tests/migration/aarch64-a-b-kernel.h | 19 +++++++++
tests/migration/aarch64-a-b-kernel.s | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
tests/migration/rebuild-aarch64-kernel.sh | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 tests/migration/aarch64-a-b-kernel.h
create mode 100644 tests/migration/aarch64-a-b-kernel.s
create mode 100755 tests/migration/rebuild-aarch64-kernel.sh
--
1.8.3.1
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UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN AND HELPERS OF AMERICA, AFL-CIO, the Commission of La Cosa Nostra, Anthony Salerno, a/k/a “Fat Tony,” Matthew Ianniello, a/k/a “Matty the Horse,” Anthony Provenzano, a/k/a “Tony Pro,” Nunzio Provenzano, a/k/a “Nunzi Pro,” Anthony Corallo, a/k/a “Tony Ducks,” Salvatore Santoro, a/k/a “Tom Mix,” Christopher Furnari, Sr., a/k/a “Christie Tick,” Frank Manzo, Carmine Persico, a/k/a “Junior,” “The Snake,” Gennaro Langella, a/k/a “Gerry Lang,” Philip Rastelli, a/k/a “Rusty,” Nicholas Marangello, a/k/a “Nicky Glasses,” Joseph Massino, a/k/a “Joey Messina,” Anthony Ficarotta, a/k/a “Figgy,” Eugene Boffa, Sr., Francis Sheeran, Milton Rockman, a/k/a “Maishe,” John Tronolone, a/k/a “Peanuts,” Joseph John Aiuppa, a/k/a “Joey O’Brien,” “Joe Doves,” “Joey Aiuppa,” John Phillip Cerone, a/k/a “Jackie the Lackie,” “Jackie Cerone,” Joseph Lombardo, a/k/a “Joey the Clown,” Angelo Lapietra, a/k/a “The Nutcracker,” Frank Balistrieri, a/k/a “Mr. B,” Carl Angelo Deluna, a/k/a “Toughy,” Carl Civella, a/k/a “Corky,” Anthony Thomas Civella, a/k/a “Tony Ripe,” General Executive Board, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Jackie Presser, General President, Weldon Mathis, General Secretary-Treasurer, Joseph Trerotola, a/k/a “Joe T,” First Vice President, Robert Holmes, Sr., Second Vice President, William J. McCarthy, Third Vice President, Joseph W. Morgan, Fourth Vice President, Edward M. Lawson, Fifth Vice President, Arnold Weinmeister, Sixth Vice President, John H. Cleveland, Seventh Vice President, Maurice R. Schurr, Eighth Vice President, Donald Peters, Ninth Vice President, Walter J. Shea, Tenth Vice President, Harold Friedman, Eleventh Vice President, Jack D. Cox, Twelfth Vice President, Don L. West, Thirteenth Vice President, Michael J. Riley, Fourteenth Vice President, Theodore Cozza, Fifteenth Vice President, Daniel Ligurotis, Sixteenth Vice President, Salvatore Provenzano, a/k/a “Sammy Pro,” Former Vice President, Defendants.
No. 88 CIV. 4486 (DNE).
United States District Court, S.D. New York.
Aug. 25, 1992.
See also, 803 F.Supp. 761.
Otto G. Obermaier, U.S. Atty., S.D.N.Y., New York City (Steven C. Bennett, Christine Chung, Asst. U.S. Attys., of counsel) for U.S.
Cohen, Weiss & Simon, New York City (Richard M. Seltzer, Jami K. Rachelson, of counsel) for Intern. Broth, of Teamsters.
Frederick B. Lacey, Independent Adm. of the Intern. Broth, of Teamsters and Member of the Independent Review Bd., Newark, N.J., for Intern. Broth, of Teamsters.
Harold E. Burke, Sp. Asst, to the General President of the Intern. Broth, of Teamsters and Member of the Independent Review Bd., for Intern. Broth, of Teamsters.
OPINION & ORDER
EDELSTEIN, District Judge:
This Opinion emanates from the voluntary settlement in the action commenced by the plaintiff United States of America (the “Government”) against, inter alia, the defendants International Brotherhood of Teamsters (the “IBT”) and the IBT’s General Executive Board (the “GEB”) embodied in the voluntary consent order entered March 14, 1989 (the “Consent Decree”). Pursuant to Section K.16 of the Consent Decree, the Independent Administrator and the Government made an application to this Court involving Section G of the Consent Decree, which provides for the establishment of an Independent Review Board (the “IRB,” “Review Board,” or “Board”). Specifically, after an impasse was reached in selecting the third member of the IRB, the Independent Administrator and the Government sought the appointment of Judge William H. Webster as the third member of the IRB. After a hearing on this issue on August 4, 1992, this Court granted the application and appointed Judge Webster to the IRB. (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, pp. 35-36). This Opinion supplements that order.
I. BACKGROUND
A. The Government’s Suit
■ On June 28, 1988, the Government filed this civil action pursuant to the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.S.C. § 1961, et seq., against the IBT, its GEB, the individual members of the GEB, the Commission of La Cosa Nostra, and 26 alleged members of La Cosa Nostra.- The Government alleged that the Union suffered from rampant corruption and La Cosa Nostra domination. In order to purge the IBT of these nefarious influences and restore union democracy, the Government sought sweeping relief, including the appointment of court liaison officers vested with certain powers of the IBT General President and the GEB and with authority to supervise general elections for IBT International Union Office.
On the eve of trial, March 14, 1989, the IBT and the Government settled the action and entered into the Consent Decree. In the precatory paragraphs of the Consent Decree, the IBT admits “that there have been allegations, sworn testimony and judicial findings of past problems with La Cosa Nostra corruption of various elements of the IBT.” Consent Decree, at p. 2 (fourth Whereas clause). Based on this admission, the IBT agrees “that there should be no criminal element or La Cosa Nosa corruption of any part of the IBT.” Id. (fifth Whereas clause). Moreover, the IBT agrees “that it is imperative that the IBT, as the largest trade union in the free world, be maintained democratically, with integrity and for the sole benefit of its members without unlawful outside influence.” Id. (sixth Whereas clause). The framework of reform sought by the Government in its Complaint was preserved in the Consent Decree in order to achieve these goals.
B. The Court-Appointed Officers
Pursuant to Section F of the Consent Decree, this Court appointed three officers: an Independent Administrator, an Investigations Officer, and an Election Officer (collectively, the “Court-Appointed Officers”). In May 1989, this Court appointed Frederick B. Lacey to serve as the Independent Administrator, Charles M. Carberry to serve as the Investigations Officer, and Michael H. Holland to serve as the Election Officer.
The Independent Administrator is vested with a broad range of powers under the Consent Decree, including: (1) the disciplinary powers of the General President and the GEB, which he may use to eradicate corruption within the IBT and to appoint temporary trustees for distressed Locals; (2) the power to review all disciplinary and trusteeship decisions of the General President and the GEB; and (3) the authority to veto proposed or actual expenditures, contracts, and appointments if he believes that such conduct furthers an act of racketeering. Consent Decree, §§ F.12(A)-(B) The Investigations Officer has authority to investigate corruption in the IBT and to bring disciplinary charges before the Independent Administrator. Id., § F. 12(A). The Consent Decree also provides for the first direct rank-and-file secret ballot election for International Union Officers and authorizes the Election Officer to supervise it. Id., § F.12(D). Any Court-Appointed Officer, as well as any party, may make an application to this Court to resolve an issue involving the Consent Decree. Id., §§ F.12(I), K.16.
In fulfilling his mandate under the Consent Decree, the Investigations Officer has filed charges against 185 individuals and three Local Unions. These charges resulted from investigations that entailed examining books and records, interviewing and taking testimony from union officers and members, reviewing information supplied by IBT members, and taking sworn statements. The Independent Administrator has conducted at least 73 hearings on disciplinary charges brought by the Investigations Officer, rendered numerous decisions, imposed at least 9 trusteeships on IBT Locals, and decided over 250 appeals from decisions of the Election Officer on election protests. The Independent Administrator has also reviewed appointments, expenditures, the handling of funds, and transfer of assets, and has communicated with the membership through the IBT magazine while also supervising the magazine’s publication. The Election Officer supervised all aspects and stages of the first IBT secret ballot rank-and-file election, including the election of delegates to the IBT Convention from the over 600 IBT Local Unions, the nominations for International Union Office at the IBT Convention, and the approximately 1.5 million member rank- and-file general election of International Union Officers. The Election Officer certified the results of the election on January 22, 1992, which saw Mr. Ronald C. Carey elected IBT General President.
C. The Independent Review Board
The certification of the election results marks a point of transition in the Consent Decree. The termination of the Court-Appointed Officers’ authority is related to this event, and indeed, their terms of office will soon end. See Consent Decree, § B.3(2). Certification of the election results, however, also heralds the birth of the Independent Review Board, which is the subject of this application. The Consent Decree provides that “[fjollowing the certification of the 1991 election results, there shall be established an Independent Review Board.” Id., § G.
The IRB is to consist of three members, one chosen by the Attorney General of the United States on behalf of the Government, one chosen by the IBT, and a third person chosen by the Attorney General’s and the IBT’s designees. Id., § G. The Attorney General chose Frederick B. Lacey, currently the Independent Administrator, as his designee on March 8, 1992. The IBT chose Harold E. Burke, Special Assistant to IBT General President Ronald C. Carey, as its designee on April 9, 1992. This Opinion involves this Court’s resolution of an impasse reached by Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke in selecting the third member of the IRB. At a hearing on August 4, 1992, this Court confirmed the nomination of William H. Webster to serve as the third member of the IRB. (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, pp. 35-36).
The Consent Decree addresses various aspects of IRB operation, including general matters of IRB administration, the IRB’s disciplinary powers, and the investigatory and disciplinary process. As to general administration, for instance, the Consent Decree touches upon such matters as funding and staffing. Section G(l) states that “the IBT shall pay all costs and expenses of the [IRB] and its staff (including all salaries of [IRB] members and staff).” Consent Decree, § G(l) (emphasis added). In addition, the IRB may hire a staff of investigators and attorneys to assist in the performance of its duties. Id, § G(a).
The Consent Decree also sets forth the IRB’s investigatory and disciplinary powers, and a process for acting on the results of its investigations. The IRB is vested with the same investigatory authority as enjoyed by the General President and the General Secretary-Treasurer under the IBT Constitution and applicable law. Id., § G(b). The IRB must use this authority to investigate, inter alia, (1) “any allegations of corruption,” (2) “any allegations of domination or control or influence of any [part of the] IBT ... by La Cosa Nostra or any other organized crime group, and (3) “any failure to cooperate fully with the Independent Review Board.” Id., § G(a).
Upon completing an investigation, the IRB must issue a written report (the “Investigative Report”) setting out its charges, findings, and recommendations concerning a disciplinary or trusteeship matter. Id., § G(d). The Investigative Report is then referred to an appropriate IBT entity, which must “promptly take whatever action is appropriate under the circumstances.” Id., § G(e). “Within 90 days of the referral, the IBT entity must make written findings setting forth the specific action taken and the reasons for such action.” Id.
The IRB’s role in a particular matter does not end upon this referral to an IBT entity. Instead, the IRB must monitor its referrals. If the IRB determines that the IBT entity has not pursued a referred matter in “a lawful, responsible, or timely manner,” or that the IBT entity’s proposed resolution “is inadequate under the circumstances,” the IRB must notify the relevant IBT entity of its determination and the reasons for it. Id., § G(f). Within 10 days of the IRB’s notice, the relevant IBT entity must “set forth in writing any and all additional actions it has taken and/or will take to correct the defects set forth in [the] notice and a deadline by which said action may be completed.” Id., § G(g). The IRB shall “immediately thereafter” issue a written determination “concerning the adequacy of the additional action taken and proposed by the IBT entity.” Id. If the IRB finds that the IBT entity has not remedied the defects specified in the IRB’s notice, the IRB promptly shall convene a hearing. Id.
The IRB assumes an adjudicatory role at this hearing, which is meant to determine an appropriate course of action in a particular matter. After conducting a “fair hearing” pursuant to the rules and procedures generally applicable to a labor arbitration hearing, the IRB must issue a written decision, which “shall be final and binding.” Id., §§ G(h), (i). The GEB must then take whatever action is necessary to implement the decision, “consistent with the IBT Constitution and applicable Federal laws.” Id., § G(i). The IRB, however, is empowered to examine and review the GEB’s implementation of the IRB’s decisions; if the IRB is dissatisfied with the GEB’s efforts, the IRB has “the authority to take whatever steps are appropriate to insure proper implementation” of its decision. Id., § G(j).
In addition to initiating an investigation, which results in the filing of an Investigative Report and the process just described, the IRB also may review the GEB’s own disciplinary and trusteeship decisions. Id., § G(k). After such review, the IRB may make a determination, which is final and binding, that affirms, modifies, or reverses any such GEB decision. Id.
In sum, Section G of the Consent Decree empowers the IRB to eradicate corruption in the IBT on its own initiative and to monitor IBT efforts to purge corruption in the Union. In this way, the IRB may be considered a successor to the Investigations Officer and the Independent Administrator. Its activities, however, are limited to the disciplinary sphere of union activity; it has no involvement in the day-to-day operations of the Union.
II. DISCUSSION
At a hearing before this Court on July 30, 1992, this Court learned that Judge Lacey, the Attorney General’s designee to the IRB, and Mr. Burke, the IBT’s designee to the IRB, had reached an impasse in selecting the third member of the IRB as required by the Consent Decree. This Court directed both Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke to appear before the Court on August 4, 1992 to resolve the matter. In the interim, Judge Lacey attempted to resolve the impasse by nominating Judge William H. Webster for the third seat on the IRB. This attempted resolution failed when Mr. Burke and the IBT rejected Judge Webster’s nomination. The impasse stemmed from conflicting views of the role of the IRB and the qualifications necessary for IRB service. At the August 4, 1992 hearing, this Court found that the Consent Decree reveals that the IRB’s mandate to eradicate corruption from the IRB includes investigative and adjudicative tasks and requires a background in these areas. This Court then resolved the impasse by selecting the most qualified candidate for IRB membership nominated by Judge Lacey and by Mr. Burke and the IBT: Judge Webster.
A. The Attorney General’s Designee and the IBT’s Designee Reached an Impasse over Appointment of the Third Member of the IRB That Required Resolution By This Court
1. The Impasse
a. The July 30, 1992 Hearing
At a hearing before this Court on July 30, 1992 that addressed the promulgation of rules for IRB operation, at which both Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke were present, Judge Lacey informed the Court of his and Mr. Burke’s attempts to agree on the third member of the IRB. (Transcript of July 30, 1992 Hearing, pp. 89-90). Judge Lacey stated that he had presented Mr. Burke with the names of several individuals he thought. suitable for the position. Mr. Burke rejected these names. Mr. Burke then suggested three individuals for the position. Judge Lacey rejected them because he did not believe they had the necessary experience for the position. Subsequently, Judge Lacey rejected three additional suggestions made by Mr. Burke. Having reached an impasse, Judge Lacey indicated that he would try to find someone of “unchallengeable, national reputation, background and experience.” Id. at 90. Judge Lacey then stated that if Mr. Burke rejected this suggestion, he would have to bring an application before this Court. See id. at 91. In response, this Court directed Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke to attend a hearing the following Tuesday, August 4, 1992, to resolve the matter: “I don't know what your schedule is or Mr. Burke’s, but unless you change my mind, I will expect you here on Tuesday, [August 4, 1992,] no later than 11:00 o’clock, to resolve this matter. Id.
b. Judge Lacey’s Nomination of Judge Webster: Judge Lacey’s and Mr.
Burke’s Correspondence
In a letter dated July 31, 1992, Judge Lacey attempted to resolve the impasse by proposing to Mr. Burke that Judge William H. Webster serve as the third member of the IRB. In the letter, Judge Lacey referred to Judge Webster’s background and to the stature his appointment would give the IRB:
As you will see, [Judge Webster] has served as United States Attorney, a United States District Judge, a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals, has been the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and thereafter Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He is now practicing law in Washington. In addition to everything else, he is readily available for meetings in office space that we will occupy in Washington.
His designation would give tremendous stature to the Independent Review Board and I hope that you — and anyone with whom you see fit to confer — will find him acceptable.
Letter from Judge Lacey, Member of the IRB, to Harold E. Burke, Member of the IRB (July 31, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York). Judge Webster’s curriculum vitae was attached to Judge Lacey’s letter.
In another letter dated July 31, 1992, Judge Lacey informed the Attorney General of the United States, William P. Barr— who appointed Judge Lacey to the IRB— about the nomination of Judge Webster:
Mr. Burke and I have been at an impasse in trying to appoint the third member, as required by the Consent Decree. This is to advise you that, in an effort to resolve this impasse, I am now proposing to Mr. Burke that Judge William H. Webster be the third person on the Board.
Letter from Frederick B. Lacey, Member of the IRB, to William P. Barr, Attorney General of the United States (July 31, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York). Similarly, in a letter dated July 31, 1992, Judge Lacey informed William A. Sessions, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, of his intention to propose to Mr. Burke that Judge Webster be the third member of the IRB. Judge Lacey noted that he and “Mr. Burke ... have been at an impasse in trying to appoint the third member, as required by the Consent Decree.” Letter from Frederick B. Lacey, Member of the IRB, to William A. Sessions, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation (July 31, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York).
Judge Lacey’s proposal, however, did not resolve the impasse. In a letter dated August 3, 1992, over the' signature of Mr. Burke, the proposed appointment of Judge Webster was rejected. The letter stated that Mr. Burke, IBT General President Carey, and “others in the Teamsters Union,” felt that Judge Webster was not the best-suited person for the third seat on the IRB:
I have given a great deal of thought to your suggestion of William Webster to serve as the neutral party on the Independent Review Board. I have also reviewed your suggestion with General President Carey and others in the Teamsters Union. Although Mr. Webster is clearly an impressive individual in the fields of law and investigation, it is our unanimous judgement that he is not the person best-suited to the role of third party on the IRB.
We continue to believe that the neutral party on the IRB should be a person with knowledge of, and experience, with, the work of labor unions, in addition to having a background in investigation and law enforcement. That is why we have offered the names of former Secretaries of Labor Ray Marshall and William Usery.
Letter from Harold E. Burke, Member of the IRB, to Frederick B. Lacey, Member of the IRB (August 3, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York).
c. The August J, 1992 Hearing
At the August 4, 1992 hearing, this Court addressed Judge Lacey’s and Mr. Burke’s inability to agree on a third member of the IRB. As Judge Lacey’s and Mr. Burke’s letters indicate, the inability to agree on a third member of the IRB stems from differing views on the nature of the IRB and disagreement as to who is best equipped to serve on that body. While Mr. Burke and the IBT believe that the position requires someone with strong experience in labor relations and union affairs, Judge Lacey believes that service on the IRB requires someone with strong law enforcement, prosecutorial, and judicial experience. Statements at the August 4, 1992 hearing amplified their philosophical dispute.
In explaining Mr. Burke’s position, counsel for the IBT, Mr. Richard Seltzer, stated that:
I think that the nominations themselves reflect what Mr. Burke attempted — the nominations that Mr. Burke made to Judge Lacey weren’t nominations of people who had both an understanding of labor relations and labor unions and who had responsibility for investigations of exactly the type that the IRB were going to be asked to investigate____ With all due respect, I do not believe that Judge Lacey — or he has not provided us, I am not aware of information concerning any párticular expertise or background in labor relations [of] his nominees.
(Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, pp. 22-23). Among the individuals suggested by Mr. Burke and the IBT for the third position on the IRB, were Ray Marshall, former member of the Federal Reserve Board, Secretary of Labor under President Carter and now a Professor at the University of Texas, and William Usery, Secretary of Labor under President Ford. Mr. Burke and the IBT also suggested John Doar, a former Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department and now a practicing attorney, Marshall Burke, a former Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice, and Stephen Pollack, a former Assistant to the Solicitor General, former Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department and now a practicing attorney in Washington, D.C. Id. at 21. In addition, Mr. Seltzer averred that Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke were not truly at an impasse. Id. at 26. Mr. Seltzer advocated the suggestion, contained in Mr. Burke’s August 3, 1992 letter to Judge Lacey, that Mr. Burke and Judge Lacey have further discussions on the disputed appointment, make additional nominations, and interview possible candidates. Id. at 24-25.
In response, Judge Lacey stated that interviews were not necessary because the dispute involved conflicting notions of the qualifications necessary for successful service on the IRB, not differences over personalities. Because the dispute involved such a fundamental philosophical difference, Judge Lacey stated his belief that he and Mr. Burke had reached an impasse that required resolution by this Court. He noted that “Mr. Burke and I came at this from different directions. This is exemplified by his first giving me the names of the like of Mr. Marshall and Mr. Usery. I rejected them not because I felt that these were not good men but because that’s not what I perceive is needed in this position.” Id. at 9. Judge Lacey added that:
Mr. Usery and Mr. Marshall I have no quarrel with, as fine men. But they are not what we need here. I will put this in rhetorical terms. Would your honor have thought for one minute of putting Mr. Usery or Mr. Marshall in the position of independent administrator if you had the knowledge you have about them? I suggest, and do this respectfully, your own experience with the Department of Labor’s inability to cleanse a union would have led you to steer in a different direction.
Now, in an effort to delay these proceedings further, you are asked to suggest to me that I sit down with Mr. Burke. We have met. We have had telephone conversations. We are just philosophically opposed____ Now it is suggested that we attenuate this process by having me sit down with the people he’s named. I don’t have to sit down with John Doar or Marshall Burke. This is not a personality thing. These are fine fellows I’m sure to have a drink with but that’s not what we are talking about. They cannot escape their background because it is a good background. That’s what I am relying on. Not whether I like them or don’t like them. Not whether I like or don't like Usery or Ray Marshall.
This is not a personality thing. As long as he was giving me names like this I had to reject them. And that’s why I finally had to say to your Honor that where Mr. Burke and the IBT [were] coming from was not where I was coming from, and we were never going to be able to agree, and that’s why I was going to have to put an application before you this week.
Id. at 29-32. Consistent with his philosophy, Judge Lacey offered the names of, among others, an individual who was a United States Attorney and a Federal District Judge, and another individual who was a former Assistant United States Attorney in this District.
This Court found at the August 4, 1992 hearing that Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke had reached an impasse in selecting the third member of the IRB. Id. at pp. 26-27 (“You won’t reach any agreement. Everything on this record is clear for me to conclude that you will not reach an agreement____ This impasse has been going on. This is not an overnight event.”). This finding was based on Judge Lacey’s statements at the July 30, 1992 hearing, Judge Lacey’s July 31, 1992 letter to Mr. Burke, Mr. Burke’s August 3, 1992 letter to Judge Lacey, and the statements of Judge Lacey, Mr. Burke, and Mr. Seltzer at the August 4, 1992 hearing. Judge Lacey’s and Mr. Burke’s and the IBT’s views of the necessary experience for membership on the IRB are based on a major philosophical difference concerning the role of the IRB. While Mr. Burke’s and Mr. Seltzer’s suggestion that Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke take more time to resolve their impasse is not surprising given the new IBT administration’s attempt to delay IRB operation and restrict the IRB’s authority in disciplinary matters, see August 19,1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761, 777, 783-800 (S.D.N.Y.1992), it ignores that these opposing views were, and are, hopelessly irreconcilable.
2. The Impasse Necessitated an Application to this Court
Having reached an impasse, application to this Court was proper. Section K.16 of the Consent Decree provides that “[t]his Court shall retain jurisdiction to supervise the activities of the [Independent] Administrator and to entertain any future applications by the [Independent] Administrator or the parties.” The power of the Independent Administrator and the parties to bring an application before this Court is well settled. Section K.16 of the Consent Decree permits an application based upon any issue — including a prospective matter— that touches upon a provision of the Consent Decree. Indeed, this Court has held that “[t]he scope of [Section] K.16 is broad enough to warrant the court to consider prospective matters that may threaten the letter, spirit and intent of this Decree.” May 6, 1991 Opinion & Order, 764 F.Supp. 787, 791 (S.D.N.Y.), aff'd, 940 F.2d 648 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 112 S.Ct. 76, 116 L.Ed.2d 50 (1991).
The Independent Administrator and the Government have brought this application requesting that this Court address an issue that both poses a grave threat to implementation of the Consent Decree and requires an interpretation of that agreement. The Consent Decree requires the IRB to begin operation no later than October 10, 1992. See August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. at 780, 781 n. 10 (S.D.N.Y.1992). Without the appointmént of a third member, the IRB will be unable to operate and the agreement between the parties will be frustrated. Moreover, because IRB operation promotes the eradication of corruption from the IBT and fosters union democracy, the express purposes of the Consent Decree will be placed in jeopardy. Resolution of this application requires this Court to assess the qualifications of various candidates for IRB membership in light of the IRB’s role as agreed to by the parties. Given the threat to the implementation of the Consent Decree posed by the impasse and the interpretation of that agreement required to resolve the impasse, this application is appropriate under Section K.16 of the Consent Decree.
B. The Nature of the IRB’s Assignment Dictates Who Is Qualified to Serve on the IRB
1. IRB’s Role in the IBT Under the Consent Decree
A review of the Consent Decree reveals that while the IRB occupies a central role in the Consent Decree’s anti-corruption scheme, it has no role in day-to-day affairs of the Union. The Consent Decree provides that the IRB shall be authorized to investigate:
(1) any allegations of corruption, including bribery, embezzlement, extortion, loan sharking, violation of 29 U.S.C." § 530 of the Landrum Griffin Act, Taft Hartley Criminal violations or Hobbs Act violations, or (2) any allegations of domination or control or influence of any IBT affiliate, member or representative by La Cosa Nostra or any other organized crime entity or group, or (3) any failure to eoojperate fully with the Independent Review Board in any investigation of the foregoing.
Consent Decree, § G(a). To conduct investigations of such allegations, the Consent Decree vests the IRB with the investigative authority of the General President and the General Secretary-Treasurer, id, § G(b), including the power to conduct sworn in-person examinations, examine books and records, and attend meetings of any IBT affiliated entity. See August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761 at Exhibit A, Rule H(2) (S.D.N.Y.1992).
Based on the results of its findings, the IRB must issue Investigative Reports to the appropriate IBT entity for action and monitor the IBT entity’s handling of the matter to ensure that it acts in a lawful, responsible, and timely manner. Consent Decree, §§ G(d)-(e). If the IRB determines, in its sole judgment, that a matter is not being pursued in a lawful, responsible, and timely manner, the IRB must notify the ÍBT of its decision. Id., § G(f). Within 10 days of such notice, the IBT must file an affidavit with the IRB explaining what it has done to address the IRB’s concerns. Id., § G(g). If the IRB is still not satisfied with the IBT’s handling of the matter, the IRB must promptly convene a hearing. Id. After conducting a fair and impartial hearing, the IRB must issue a written decision, which is-final and binding. Id., §§ G(g)(h).
The IRB must also review IBT disciplinary and trusteeship decisions. Id., § G(k). After such review, the IRB may affirm, modify, or reverse the IBT's decision. Id. The IRB’s decision is final and binding. Id. In addition, the IRB has the authority to monitor all of its decisions and take whatever action is necessary to enforce them. Id, § G(j).
The Consent Decree thus vests the IRB with investigative and adjudicative authority to eradicate corruption from the IBT. The Consent Decree does not give the IRB authority to run the IBT. The IRB will have no involvement in the day-to-day affairs of the Union. For example, the IRB will not be involved in such matters as negotiating labor contracts, handling grievances, or lobbying for occupational health and safety regulations. As this Court stated at the August 4, 1992 hearing:
The independent review board is not designed to run day-to-day operations of the IBT. Those areas are left to the IBT. The independent review board has a more focused purpose. The purpose is to eradicate corruption from the IBT. To accomplish this task the consent decree vests the board with investigative as well as adjudicatory power. As adjudicators board members must sit not only as triers of fact but must also act in a manner of speaking like a Court of Appeals when they are called upon to review the disciplinary and trusteeship decisions of the IBT.
(Transcript of the August 4, 1992 Hearing, p. 7).
Armed with investigative and adjudicative authority, the IRB is entrusted with the mission of eradicating corruption “in both a cooperative environment created by an IBT administration truly dedicated to reform and a hostile environment created by an IBT administration dedicated to thwarting reform.” August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761, 780 (S.D.N.Y.1992). The IRB will serve as a perpetual agent of reform “ — independent of the parties, vigilant in the fight against corruption, and stalwart in the promotion of union democracy.” Id. The presence of the IRB in the disciplinary process assures that “the hard-working rank-and-file of this Union always will have an ally dedicated solely to serving their interests in a union free from mafia influence and corruption.” Id. at 780.
Given the IRB’s mission, it is apparent that a person who accepts an appointment on the IRB assumes an awesome responsibility. To discharge this responsibility effectively and efficiently, IRB members must have a background that complements the nature of the IRB’s role and the tasks it must perform. Because the IRB is an investigative and adjudicative body, law enforcement, investigative, and judicial experience qualifies a candidate for service on the IRB.
2. All IRB Members Must Be Independent
Service on the IRB also requires stalwart and unwavering, independence. This notion seems lost on Mr. Burke and the IBT. For example, Mr. Burke’s August 3, 1992 letter to Judge Lacey refers to the selection of the third member of the IRB as the selection of “the neutral party.” Letter from Harold E. Burke, Member of the IRB, to Frederick B. Lacey, Member of the IRB (August 3, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York).' Mr. Burke’s use of the phrase “the neutral party” suggests that he will always advocate the IBT’s interests and Judge Lacey will always advocate the Government’s interests, requiring a third “neutral” person to break the tie. (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, pp. 5-6). This suggestion ignores that the IBT and the Government do not have separate and distinct interests in IRB operation; both parties’ interests are served by the eradication of corruption from the Union.
To serve both parties’ interests, each IRB member must exercise his or her authority independently, fairly, courageously, and without bias, fear, or sympathy. As this Court stated:
The Independent Review Board is broadly empowered to eliminate corrupt elements of the IBT. Such a task requires detachment, for the very presence in the Consent Decree of an IRB — like the Court-Appointed Officers before it — testifies to the difficulties of internal policing. Therefore, to accomplish its tasks, each IRB member must be fair and independent. .
August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761, 796 (S.D.N.Y.1992); see also id. at Exhibit A, Rule F(3) (“No member of the IRB or its staff, including the Chief Investigator, shall, at the same time as he holds any position with the IRB, hold any position, with the Government, the IBT, or any IBT affiliate, other than membership in the IBT.”). If any member of the IRB fails to exercise his or her authority in this fashion, several unacceptable outcomes may result: (1) IBT members or entities may be unfairly disciplined, (2) IBT members or entities may wrongly escape discipline, and (3) the rank-and-file may lose confidence in the IRB’s ability to eradicate corruption from the Union. To dissuade Mr. Burke, or anyone else, from the notion that an IRB member may act in a partisan manner, this Court stated that it would not tolerate any bias or favoritism:
My expectation, and it is resolute, and believe me, gentlemen, I will stand for no nonsense whatsoever, I will use the full force of my judicial power and position if I find there is any, any, any bias or favoritism by any member of this board. I expect each member to discharge his duties responsibly, fairly, independently, courageously and without favor or bias.
The independent review board is meant to have three, three neutral members— not two partisans and one neutral member.
(Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, p. 6).
Both Mr. Burke and Mr. Seltzer averred that the word “neutral” was not meant to imply any partisanship by the IBT’s designee or the Attorney General’s designee. Mr. Burke first explained his use of the word “neutral” as a term of art under the Taft-Hartley Act. Id. at 13. Mr. Seltzer next explained Mr. Burke’s use of the word “neutral” as “common terminology used throughout labor relations where one member is selected by one party and one member is selected by another party and those two select a third’ member.” Id. 19-20.
Even if Mr. Burke used the word “neutral” as a term of art, its use reflects the partisan mind-set both Mr. Burke and the IBT have brought to the formation of the IRB. Mr. Burke’s letter states that Mr. Burke reviewed the nomination of Judge Webster with “General President Carey and others in the Teamsters Union.” Letter from Harold E. Burke, Member of the IRB, to Frederick B. Lacey, Member of the IRB (August 3, 1992) (on file with the Southern District of New York). Although the letter is written over Mr. Burke’s signature, the letter often uses the plural pronoun “we.” For example, the letter states: “We continue to believe that the neutral party on the IRB should be a person with knowledge of, and experience with, the work of labor unions, in addition to having a background in investigations and law enforcement. That is why we have offered the names of former Secretaries of Labor Ray Marshall and William Usery.” Id. (emphasis added). By consulting with IBT General President Carey and other Teamsters in the process of selecting a third member of the IRB, Mr. Burke has compromised his independence in making his very first decision as a member of that Board. Moreover, the IBT’s involvement in the exercise of Mr. Burke’s authority as a member of the IRB constitutes an improper incursion into IRB affairs. It is chilling that a Union which entered into the Consent Decree to eradicate improper outside influences, would itself improperly influence an independent body designed to achieve this goal.
While Mr. Burke has embarked upon his service in the IRB by consulting with IBT General President Carey and other Teamsters, Judge Lacey made his nomination of Judge Webster without any input or assistance from, or discussions with, the Government. Indeed, the Government did not learn of Judge Lacey’s nomination of Judge Webster until August 3, 1992 — three days after the nomination was made. (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, p. 11). This type of independence is required of IRB members in the exercise of all facets of their duties.
C. The IBT’s Nominees for the Third Seat on the IRB
Mr. Burke’s and the IBT’s primary candidates for appointment to the third seat on the IRB were two former Secretaries of Labor: William Usery and Ray Marshall. These two men undoubtedly have extensive experience in union affairs. See, e.g., William H. Miller, A Window of Peace?, Industry Week, October 19, 1987, at 22 (“Probably no one knows more about collective bargaining than W.J. Usery.”); Peter Gall, Ray Marshall: Caught in the Middle, Business Week, January 22, 1979, at 106 (“Marshall has been especially effective in demanding that the government keep a strong presence in regulating health and safety in the workplace.”). In addition, their positions as Secretaries of Labor entailed an investigative aspect. See Labor Management Relations Disclosure Act, 29 U.S.C. § 501 et seq.
They do not, however, have the breadth and depth of investigatory and judicial experience necessary to perform tasks that are essential to the IRB’s mandate under the Consent Decree. The other candidates proposed by Mr. Burke and the IBT, see (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing, p. 21), are similarly lacking. This is no slight to those candidates, who have fine records of which they should be proud.
D. Judge William H. Webster Is Uniquely Qualified to Serve on the IRB
At the August 4,1992 hearing this Court stated that to resolve the impasse it would chose the best candidate for the job nominated by either Judge Lacey or Mr. Burke: “I am going to make my decision on the record, and I’m choosing the best that’s before me. If [Mr. Burke or the IBT] can come up with a better name than Webster, I’ll yield to it.” (Transcript of August 4, 1992 Hearing at p. 18). Of the names presented to this Court, Judge Webster is uniquely qualified to serve on the IRB.
Judge Webster’s background in the investigative process is unparalleled. Judge Webster served as Director of Central'Intelligence from May 1987 until September 1991. Immediately before assuming this directorship, Judge Webster was Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a position he assumed in February 1978. In addition, Judge Webster served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 1960 until 1961. Judge Webster’s judicial experience is equally impressive. From 1973 until 1978, he served as a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Before his elevation to this position, he was a District Judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. In each of these positions, Judge Webster has enjoyed an exemplary reputation for “fairness, integrity and impartiality.” Id.
Moreover, Judge Webster’s character is unassailable. Four Presidents, of both political parties, appointed Judge Webster to five different high-level positions in the United States Government. President Eisenhower named Judge Webster United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri. President Nixon nominated Judge Webster to be a United States District Judge in the Eastern District of Missouri and also nominated him for a seat on the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. President Carter sent Judge Webster’s name to the Senate as his nominee for Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Finally, President Reagan nominated Judge Webster as Director of Central Intelligence. The Senate confirmed Judge Webster’s nominations on all five occasions.
In addition, Judge Webster has been acknowledged for excellence in a variety of areas, including law enforcement, legal scholarship, and public service. Judge. Webster received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Security Medal. He is also the recipient of Honorary Degrees from seventeen separate colleges, universities, and law schools.
In light of Judge Webster’s background and the tasks the IRB will perform, it is easy to understand Judge Lacey’s comment at the August 4,1992 hearing that “I think, your Honor, I came up with a name that no one could question____ I think the IBT would be fortunate to have somebody like him and I was pleased that I was able to persuade him to let me propose his name.” Id. at 11. Judge Webster’s background certainly supports Judge Lacey’s decision to propose Judge Webster. Judge Webster’s law enforcement, investigative, and judicial experience are tailor-made for exemplary IRB service.
Nonetheless, Mr. Burke and Mr. Seltzer raised the concern that questions will be asked by Judge Webster’s appointment because he serves on the board of directors of Anheuser-Busch, a large employer of Teamsters. Id. at 18, 24. Specifically, Mr. Seltzer stated that he thought it was important that “the IRB be seen as having a proper role by the membership ... [because no party here should want a nomination and a board appointment to take place that is going to raise questions.” Id. at 23-24.
Although the implications are clear, neither Mr. Seltzer nor Mr. Burke had the impudence to argue that there would be a conflict of interest or that Judge Webster’s impartiality might be compromised. Judge Webster’s position on the board of directors of an employer of Teamsters presents no conflict of interest because the IRB has no role in labor-management relations. As a member of the IRB, Judge Webster’s mission will be to eradicate corruption in the IBT. Judge Webster is uniquely suited for such service. Moreover, his sterling reputation for integrity and fairness belie any suggestion that his impartiality might be compromised.
Although Mr. Seltzer professes a concern that questions will be raised by the membership if Judge Webster is appointed to the IRB, Mr. Seltzer ignores the questions raised by the new IBT administration’s opposition to the appointment of Judge Webster: If the new IBT administration is truly dedicated to eradicating corruption from the Union, why would it oppose the nomination of someone who will vigorously seek to accomplish this goal? By objecting to Judge Webster’s appointment, are Mr. Burke and the IBT administration trying to shield corrupt IBT members from discipline? If IRB members are supposed to act independently, why is Mr. Burke consulting with IBT General President Carey and other unnamed IBT members in the exercise of his duties? Moreover, why is Mr. Seltzer, counsel to the IBT, speaking on Mr. Burke's behalf?
While the new IBT administration has publicly disassociated itself from the prior administration and professed dedication to reform, it has adopted the prior administration’s strategy of fighting the agents of reform agreed to in the Consent Decree. “After agreeing that it was ‘imperative’ to eradicate corruption from the IBT and restore democratic practices to the Union, the prior IBT administration spent $10.5 million on a campaign to eviscerate the mechanisms of reform contained in the Consent Decree to achieve these goals.” August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761, 777 (S.D.N.Y.1992). Just as the prior IBT administration advocated a narrow, restrictive interpretation of the Consent Decree to limit the Court-Appointed Officers Authority, stymie their efforts, and delay the implementation of reform, the new IBT administration has advocated a narrow, restrictive interpretation of the Consent Decree to limit the IRB’s authority, hamper its ability to function, and delay the beginning of its operation. Id. at 42-92. Moreover, the new IBT administration’s objection to Judge Webster’s appointment to the IRB echoes unmistakably the prior administration’s objection to Judge Lacey's appointment as the Independent Administrator. Judge Lacey, who served as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey and United States District Judge for the District of New Jersey, is a distinguished jurist and practitioner with an unblemished reputation for fairness and integrity. See January 17, 1992 Opinion & Order, 782 F.Supp. 243, 251 (S.D.N.Y.1992). Nonetheless, the prior IBT administration opposed Judge Lacey’s appointment as the Independent Administrator — no doubt because it was aware that he would vigorously carry out his assigned role under the Consent Decree. Just as the nomination of Judge Lacey for the position of Independent Administrator presented the prior IBT administration with an opportunity to prove its dedication to reform, the nomination of Judge Webster to the IRB presents the current IBT administration with an opportunity to prove its dedication to reform. Rather than busily preparing to welcome Judge Webster — who will undoubtedly carry out his assigned task zealously and fairly — the new IBT administration has busily attempted to construct his tumbrel.
III. CONCLUSION
The Consent Decree requires the IRB— an independent entity created by the parties to investigate and discipline corruption in the IBT while monitoring IBT attempts to eradicate corruption — to begin operation on October 10,1992. The impasse between Judge Lacey and Mr. Burke threatened implementation of the Consent Decree because without the third member, the IRB would be unable to operate as agreed by the parties. This Court resolved the impasse by selecting the most qualified candidate for IRB membership nominated by Judge Lacey and by Mr. Burke and the IBT: Judge William H. Webster. Rather than oppose this nomination, one would think that the new IBT administration, which has professed dedication to reform, would welcome his appointment. Despite the IBT administration’s stance, the rank- and-file, who have labored for too long in a union where mafia influence and corruption have nurtured an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, will have a staunch ally in Judge Webster, who will undoubtedly carry out his mission to eradicate corruption in the Union independently, vigorously, wisely, courageously, and fairly.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the application of Judge Lacey and the Government is granted.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Judge William H. Webster will serve as the third member of the Independent Review Board.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this decision is effective immediately.
SO ORDERED.
EXHIBIT A
Biography of William H. Webster
William H. Webster was sworn in as Director of Central Intelligence on May 26, 1987. In this position he headed the Intelligence Community (all foreign agencies of the United States) and directed the Central Intelligence Agency until September 1, 1991.
In September 1991, he joined the law firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy in its Washington, D.C. office.
William H. Webster was born March 6, 1924, in St. Louis, Missouri, and received his early education in Webster Groves near St. Louis. He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College in 1947, where, in 1975, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Judge Webster received his Juris Doctor degree from Washington University Law School, which is located in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1949. He served as a lieutenant in the United States Navy in World War II and again in the Korean War.
A practicing attorney with a St. Louis law firm from 1949 to 1959, Judge Webster served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 1960 to 1961. He returned to private practice in 1961. From 1964 to 1969, he was a member of the Missouri Board of Law Examiners.
In 1970, Judge Webster was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri and in 1973 was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. He resigned on February 23, 1978 to become Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During his service on the bench, Judge Webster was Chairman of the Judiciary Conference Advisory Committee on the Criminal Rules and was a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on Habeas Corpus and the Committee of Court Administration.
A member of the American Bar Association, the- Council of the American Law Institute, the Order of the Coif, the Missouri Bar Integrated, and the Metropolitan St. Louis Bar Association, Judge Webster served as Chairman, of the Corporation, Banking and Business Law Section of the American Bar Association, and is a fellow of the American Bar Foundation.
Judge Webster was named Man of the Year 1980, by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, and in May 1981, received the William Greenleaf Elliot Award from Washington University and the Riot Relief Fund Award in New York City. In October 1982, he was presented the Fordham Law School Louis Stein Award and in August 1983, the International Platform Association Theodore Roosevelt Award for excellence in public service. In June 1984, he received the Jefferson Award for the Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official. In May 1985, he was presented the Freedoms Foundation National Service Medal in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, and the First Annual Patrick V. Murphy Award from the Police Foundation, Washington, D.C., for distinguished service in law enforcement. He was named Father of the Year for Public Service in May 1986 by the National Father’s Day Committee, and received the 1986 Thomas Jefferson Award in Law from the University of Virginia. In June 1988, he received the Bracebridge Young Award from the American Society of Corporate Secretaries, and in May 1989, he was presented the Federal City Club’s Distinguished Public Service Award. He received the Salees Seddon Criminal Justice Leadership Award in April 1990. On October 30, 1990, Judge Webster was presented the Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award.
On July 1, 1991 Judge Webster was presented the Distinguished Intelligence Medal and on July 25, 1991 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Security Medal.
Judge Webster was elected to active membership in the National Academy of Public Administration in October 1981 and served as President of the Institute of Judicial Administration from May 1985 until September 1988.
In 1972, Judge Webster received a Washington University Alumni Citation for contributions to the field of law and, in 1977, received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from Washington University Law School. A member of the University of Colorado Law School Board of Visitors and the National Advisory Board of the American University, Judge Webster holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, DePauw University, William Woods College, Drury College, Washington University, Columbia College, University of Dayton School of Law, University of Notre Dame, Centre College, Dickinson School of Law, University of Miami, DePaul University, the American University, The John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Westminster College, Georgetown University, and Pepperdine University.
. This section of the Opinion reproduces, in large part, this Court’s August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761, 766-69 (S.D.N.Y.1992). The opinions, memoranda, and orders filed in this case, United States v. IBT, 88 Civ. 4486 (DNE), are cited in this Opinion first by referring to the date of the opinion, memorandum, or order and then to the official citation.
. Judge Lacey stated that "I prefer to avoid naming the names I gave [Mr. Burke] because I don’t want those people to be embarrassed on the record.” (Transcript of August 4, 1992 at pp. 9-10).
. In addition, the Rules and Procedures for the Operation of the Independent Review Board for the International Brotherhood of Teamsters provide that ”[i]n the event of a deadlock, in a situation where two IRB members have voted, the third IRB member shall be consulted and shall cast the deciding vote. In the event of a deadlock, where the third member fails or refuses to vote on the matter, the matter shall be referred to this Court for final disposition.” August 19, 1992 Opinion & Order, 803 F.Supp. 761 at Exhibit A, Rule D(2) (S.D.N.Y.1992).
. Judge Webster’s curriculum vitae is attached to this Opinion as Exhibit A.
. It should be noted that if any IRB member, at any time, fails to carry out his or duties responsibly, fairly, and impartially, any of the other IRB members or the parties can make application to this Court to address the matter.
| CASELAW |
User:Koyaogen/sandbox
Olukoya Ogen, born on September 5, 1968, obtained his BA.Ed degree in History from Adeyemi College of Education in 1990. He later bagged both his M.A. and PhD degrees in History from the University of Lagos in 1998 and 2006 respectively. As a specialist in Economic History and International Economic Relations, he obtained a professional Certificate in Trade, Growth and Poverty from the World Bank Institute, Washington, D.C. in 2006.
Professional Career
Prof Ogen started his academic career as a Graduate Fellow at the University of Lagos in 2000. He moved to Adekunle Ajasin University in 2001 and received the Adekunle Ajasin University Commendation in 2003 for exemplary performance. In March 2006, the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife appointed him as Lecturer Grade II and was later upgraded to Lecturer Grade I. In September 2009, he was appointed Associate Professor by Osun State University, and in October 2012 he became a Professor of History. He also had a stint as a Guest Researcher at Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone in 2011, and was an ACLS Scholar-in-Residence at the Office of International Programmes, University of Ibadan in 2012. He also served as an Associate Expert with the UNESCO Category 2 of Institute of African Culture and International Understanding from 2013-2016
Administratively, Prof. Ogen has been Head of Department, Pioneer Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, Chairman and Member of several statutory and ad hoc committees and was a Senate elected representative on the Governing Council of Osun State University between 2012 and 2014. He emerged as the Provost of Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo on October 2014 thereby becoming the first alumnus to head the 54-year old institution. Within the space of four years, the College witnessed seamless and unbroken academic calendars. It also emerged not only as the best College of Education in Nigeria but also in the whole of West Africa based on international quality assessment and on Webometric Rankings.
Honours and Recognitions
* On the 22nd of November 2017, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award for immense contributions to the adoption of ICT in higher education by ICITD, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Page text. * He is also a recipient of an Award of Excellence by the National Institute of Nigerian Languages, Aba for significant contributions to the promotion of Nigerian languages. * In October 2016, Professor Ogen received a special Letter of Commendation from the Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria for transparency and the judicious management of the Federal government resources allocated to Adeyemi College of Education. It was therefore not fortuitous that the Guardian newspaper also selected him as one the few Nigerians that demonstrated integrity in leadership via a letter dated 10 February 2016. No wonder, under Prof Ogen’s watch, Adeyemi College of Education emerged in 2018 as the institution with the cleanest financial records out of over 200 TETFUND beneficiary institutions in Nigeria, a feat duly acknowledged by the immediate past Executive Secretary of TETFUND, Dr. A.B. Baffa. * He was appointed Honourary Mayor of the City of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA by Her Excellency Sharon Broome, the Mayor-President of Baton Rouge with all rights and privileges on the 22nd of November 2017. * He is a recipient of a Platinum Benefactor Award for significant contributions to the take-off of the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, by the Management of the University of Medical Sciences.
External link
Biography of Professor Olukoya Ogen | WIKI |
What is the rubber around a car window called?
Weatherstripping is a rubber material that seals the edges of your vehicle’s doors, windows, windshield and other areas. Also known as “weather seals” or “weatherstrips,” they prevent outside elements such as rain, snow, wind and pests from reaching the inside of your vehicle.
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When to replace window molding on your car?
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The window trim is a noticeable component of a vehicle which helps keep the window in place, protects auto glass from harsh weather conditions and dirt. If your window trim pieces begin to crack, flake or bend, your window won’t close properly and let the wind and rain inside your auto. Weathered window molding can also ruin your vehicle’s style.
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SC Albi
Sporting Club Albigeois is a professional French rugby union club playing the third-level Nationale. During the past years it went back and forth between Top 14, the highest level of the French league system and the second-level Rugby Pro D2. Their last time in the Top 14 was for 2009–10 after winning the 2008–09 promotion playoffs. The previous one began in 2006 and came to an end after the 2007–08 season due to financial issues. Founded in 1907, the club plays at the Stadium municipal d'Albi (capacity 12,000). They wear black and yellow. They are based in Albi in Occitanie.
History
Sporting Club Albigeois was founded in December 1906 as a sportsclub where, in addition to rugby, tennis and running were practiced. Their first title came in 1926 when they beat Stade Toulousain in the final of the highly competitive championnat des Pyrénées (Pyrénées league).
In 1940, the Vichy regime forced towns with a population below 50,000 to merge their sports clubs in single entities. (UA Gaillac is another rugby union example). Vichy also targeted the professional rugby league and Albi was forced to bring together the two local clubs, S.C. Albi and R.C. Albi XIII under the name Albi Olympique.
In 1945, each club went its way and recovered its previous name. In 1949, SC Albi reached the First Division. In 1955, it qualified for the playoffs, managing to oust the prestigious Racing Club de France in the first round, before going down to Romans in the round of 16.
Until the 1980s, Albi went through regular ups-and-downs between the first and second divisions (Div 1 1961–1970, 1973–75, 1977–79, Div 2, 1957 – 1959, 1970–73, 1975–77, 1979–85). Their only notable performance was another playoff win against Toulouse in 1974. Albi remained in the second or third divisions until 2000.
The millennium was very favourable for Albi. The club reached three consecutive third division finals, all lost, in 2000, 2001 et 2002, to FC Oloron Sainte-Marie, Oyonnax and Tours. However, the professional Pro D2 offered two promotion spots in 2002 and Albi was back in the second division.
It took them four more years to take the last step. After finishing second to US Montauban in the 2006 regular season, they went on to beat AS Béziers and US Dax in the promotion playoffs and secure the final spot in the élite league Top 14. They remained in Top 14 until the 2007–08 season. Although they finished 12th that season, which would normally have kept them in the top flight, they were forcibly relegated to Pro D2 due to financial issues.
The following season, they finished third on the regular-season table, qualifying for the promotion playoffs. Their home playoff semifinal against La Rochelle ended 12–12 in regulation. Each team slotted a penalty in extra time, which ended 15–15. Under French rules, the first tiebreaker in such a situation is fewest red cards. Since neither side had a player sent off, the next tiebreaker is number of tries, followed by number of penalties scored. Albi went through because they had kicked 5 penalties to La Rochelle's 4 (and one drop goal). They defeated Oyonnax 14–12 in the playoff final on 31 May 2009 in Montpellier to secure their place in the Top 14 2009–2010 season.
By April 2010 the club had already been relegated from the Top 14 after recording only 3 wins all season.
Honours
* French league, Division 1: (predecessor to today's Top 14)
* Round of 16 : 1955, 1974
* Rugby Pro D2:
* Promotion playoff winners: 2006, 2009
* French League, Division 1, B Group: (second division; predecessor to today's Pro D2)
* semi-final: 1980, 1986
* French league, Nationale 1: (Div 3, highest amateur level)
* Runner-up: 2000
* French league, Promotion Nationale: (Div 3, highest amateur level)
* Runner-up: 2001
* French league, Fédérale 1: (Div 3, highest amateur level)
* Runner-up: 2002
* Championnat des Pyrénées:
* Winner 1926
Current squad
The current Albi squad is:
Notable former players
* 🇫🇷 Robert Basauri
* 🇫🇷 René Bousquet. 9 caps. One of the 15 Frenchmen who defeated England for the first time in 1927.
* 🇫🇷 Pierre Danos
* 🇫🇷 Charles-Antoine Gonnet. 16 cap. Also beat the English in 1927.
* 🇫🇷 Bernard Momméjat. 9 caps with SCA.
French president Georges Pompidou accepted to be honorary chairman of the club in 1969 and paid his fees regularly until he died in 1974. . | WIKI |
Talk:Scotch-Irish Canadians
Page move problem
Not a big deal just a move not done properly as per Moving a page. This page was created by copy and pasting text from Ulster Scots Canadians and from this edit from Scotch-Irish American. I dont think the move to a new title is a problem but we have lost all the page history. I have reverted the edits to these two pages till we can get some admin help in fixing the "cut and paste moves". The term " Ulster Scots" is not used often anymore in Canada and I support the move the new editor was trying to do.... thus why I am asking for help for the new editor. -- Moxy (talk) 03:23, 17 May 2014 (UTC)
* The Histmerge template has been placed at the top of this article, and a new request has been made to effect your wishes. – Paine Ellsworth C LIMAX ! 10:42, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
* I don't think it is as simple as just a history merge . But let me get this straight (before I screw it up).
* You want the history of Ulster Scots Canadians merged with the history of Scotch-Irish Canadians (that is simple enough)
* There was also a copy/paste from Scotch-Irish Americans as the "template" for SI Canadians?
* For point two all you need is to fill out the copied template on the talk pages of SI Canadians and SI Americans. Is there any reason to history merge the two Canadian articles? Ping me here or on my talk page with your response, and I am happy to complete it for you, just want to get it straight in my head first. --kelapstick(bainuu) 12:01, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
* Never mind, I just reread your message again, I will do the hist merge. --kelapstick(bainuu) 12:02, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
* THANK YOU GUYS!!.... I will work on sources over the next week....will be posting the books I read below in a new section. --Moxy (talk) 18:44, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
Scotch-Irish Canadian or Scots-Irish Canadian
I know this has been a huge issue on the Scotch-Irish American article and talk page, so I'm genuinely not trying to pick a fight on the issue. (For the record, I am an American of partial Scotch-Irish descent, and self-identify as such.) But I have to wonder if Scotch-Irish Canadian is really the more common term than Scots-Irish Canadian. For comparison only, a quick Google search shows the first 30 hits for "Scotch-Irish American" refering to the people group, while most of the first 30 hits for "Scotch-Irish Canadian" refer to alcoholic drinks. The only source in the article refers to Ulster Scot Canadians, but that is probably to be expected, as the source is the BBC. At this point, we have no reliable sources for Ulster Scot Canadian being a less-common term than Scotch-Irish Canadian/Scots-Irish Canadian. - BilCat (talk) 19:28, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
* "Scotch" being used to refer to people is a Victorian archaism. Scots-Irish is now the more common spelling, since the 1990s (i.e. since the public Internet put North Americans in immediate touch with real Scots). This article should move. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 20:07, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* @SMcCandlish: This article is about Canadians, not Americans. (You really should read your posts more carefully when you copy them from another talk page.) BilCat (talk) 20:32, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* Typo fixed. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 20:50, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* BilCat (talk) 21:01, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* The question isn't what do "real Scots" want Canadians of Scots-/Scotch-/Ulster-Scots descent to.be called, but how those Canadians refer to themselves. I raised that question over 9 years ago, right after the article was moved to the current title, and yours is the first response. I probably should have reverted the move right then, and I certainly wouldn't object to it being moved now. But we still don't what the preferred term for this group is for themselves. BilCat (talk) 21:07, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* Rather than WP:TALKFORK, I don't think anything raised here is not already covered at Talk:Scotch-Irish Americans. If these were WP:RMed, it would probably be as a paired nomination. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 21:41, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
* If you start the RM, you can do whatever you want. I'll still answer it as two separate issues. Two countries, two different cultures, and different bodies of sources concerning what each is called. BilCat (talk) 22:05, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
Orange Order
This article assumes Orangeism is synonymous with being Ulster Scots. The OO was founded by people of Huguenot and English descent and initially banned presbyterians from joining. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:02, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
Additional sources
* – Entire book will probably be of relevance. This was originally an expensive academic issue, but is now available used for around US$15. Significant parts of the content can be Google-previewed here.
* – "This volume contains a selection of the best papers from the conference, five invited chapters, and an introduction, for a total of nearly 149,000 words." Also covers Irish, Welsh, etc.
* – Has extensive chapters by 7 or 8 authors. Includes Australia in some of Ray's material, but no dedicated chapter about it; the book is mostly about Canada and the US.
* Other pieces include: Ray, Celete; "Scottish Immigration and Ethnic Organization in the United States", "Scottish immigration and ethnic organization in the United States", "Bravehearts and Patriarchs. Masculinity on the Pedestal in Southern Scottish Heritage Celebration". Jarvie, Grant; "The North American Émigré, Highland Games, and Social Capital in International Communities". Hook, Andrew; "Troubling Times in the Scottish-American Relationship". Sheets, John W.; "Finding Colonsay's Emigrants and a 'Heritage of Place'". Basu, Paul; "Pilgrims to the Far Country: North American 'Roots-Tourists' in the Scottish Highlands and Islands". Cowan, Edward J.; "Tartan Day in America". McArthur, Colin; "Transatlantic Scots, Their Interlocutors, and the Scottish Discursive Unconscious".
* - Might be broadly defined enough to include early Canada (can't tell without getting the book or finding a detailed review of it).
* – Covers the Plantation of Ulster through American emigration and early US history; might cover Canada, too, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "A massive, scrupulously edited case studies of early emigrants from Ireland (most from Ulster)". Since it's pre-US, it may also cover Canada, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "Assesses the volume, character, and motivations for Ulster [among other, e.g. German, African, etc.] emigration to America." Presumably also Canada, since title says "North America".
* – Not limited to Ulster.
* Other pieces include: Ray, Celete; "Scottish Immigration and Ethnic Organization in the United States", "Scottish immigration and ethnic organization in the United States", "Bravehearts and Patriarchs. Masculinity on the Pedestal in Southern Scottish Heritage Celebration". Jarvie, Grant; "The North American Émigré, Highland Games, and Social Capital in International Communities". Hook, Andrew; "Troubling Times in the Scottish-American Relationship". Sheets, John W.; "Finding Colonsay's Emigrants and a 'Heritage of Place'". Basu, Paul; "Pilgrims to the Far Country: North American 'Roots-Tourists' in the Scottish Highlands and Islands". Cowan, Edward J.; "Tartan Day in America". McArthur, Colin; "Transatlantic Scots, Their Interlocutors, and the Scottish Discursive Unconscious".
* - Might be broadly defined enough to include early Canada (can't tell without getting the book or finding a detailed review of it).
* – Covers the Plantation of Ulster through American emigration and early US history; might cover Canada, too, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "A massive, scrupulously edited case studies of early emigrants from Ireland (most from Ulster)". Since it's pre-US, it may also cover Canada, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "Assesses the volume, character, and motivations for Ulster [among other, e.g. German, African, etc.] emigration to America." Presumably also Canada, since title says "North America".
* – Not limited to Ulster.
* – Covers the Plantation of Ulster through American emigration and early US history; might cover Canada, too, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "A massive, scrupulously edited case studies of early emigrants from Ireland (most from Ulster)". Since it's pre-US, it may also cover Canada, but check reviews before ordering.
* – "Assesses the volume, character, and motivations for Ulster [among other, e.g. German, African, etc.] emigration to America." Presumably also Canada, since title says "North America".
* – Not limited to Ulster.
* – Not limited to Ulster.
See also: Talk:Scotch-Irish Americans, Talk:Scottish diaspora, Talk:Ulster Scots people, Talk:Irish diaspora. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 20:19, 31 August 2023 (UTC); rev'd. 13:27, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
Scotch-Irish Canadians verses Canada's Ulster Scots
Why was this article moved from Ulster Scots Canadians to Scotch-Irish Canadians? Scotch-Irish is an American term not used in Canada, where the preferred term is Ulster Scots. In fact the only source used for this article uses call's them Canada's Ulster Scots.
I suggest moving the article per common name.
TFD (talk) 12:43, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
* As far as I can tell the common term in Canada is Scotch-Irish or Scots Irish, not Ulster Scots. Do you have evidence that it's a purely American term not used in Canada? Canterbury Tail talk 16:51, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
* Canada's Ulster - Scots by Brian McConnell. Kerby A. Miller explains how the term Scotch-Irish came to be used in the U.S. to distinguish Irish Protestants from Catholics.(pp. 75 ff.)
* To be frank, I don't think Canadians used either term very much, so would expect to see the term used in the UK.
* Do you have any reason to believe that the term Scotch Irish is commonly used in Canada? TFD (talk) 18:50, 9 March 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carlos Nemer
The result of the debate was delete. Rob e rt T 00:31, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
Carlos Nemer
Looks very much like a autobiographical piece by a, apparently, non-notable person. This ought to be moved to user space, or deleted. It's disturbing that it has not been noticed until now. JesseW, the juggling janitor 09:10, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete as NN autobiography. Anville 15:12, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete as NN: one Google scholar hit (0 citations). Creator has done little activity other outside this article: no support for Userfy. Paolo Liberatore (Talk) 19:23, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
White House faces messaging battle on Puerto Rico | TheHill
White House officials on Sunday were united in blaming factors beyond their control for Puerto Rico's struggle to recover from hurricane damage. The White House is contending with officials on the island who are publicly begging for more help as the majority of the 3.4 million residents are still without basic necessities such as food, water and power. The mayor of San Juan has become the face of those in Puerto Rico who charge that enough is not being done to address an ongoing dire situation and ended up in a very public messaging war with President Trump, who this weekend has been pushing back against criticism that his administration isn't doing enough to respond to the devastation. But Trump's defenders on Sunday said everything possible is being done to mitigate the disaster, which a White House memo obtained by Axios on Sunday noted was caused by the hurricane — not by the response to it. "We have a strong ground game in place on the island with military leadership. [Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo] Rossello should continue to get more public messaging support from us," White House homeland security adviser Tom Bossert wrote in the memo. White House officials insisted they are focused and hands-on for the island's recovery. “We’ve spent the entire weekend, as we have last weekend, working on Puerto Rico, making sure we’re out saving lives, sustaining lives. And making sure everyone in Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, is taken care of. The United States has gone through extraordinary efforts to delivery goods to the islands," Trump’s chief economic adviser, Gary Cohn, said on Fox News’s “Sunday Morning Futures.” Others implied the media is focused on the negative rather than the positive parts of the hurricane relief story. White House budget chief Mick MulvaneyJohn (Mick) Michael MulvaneyDick Cheney to attend fundraiser supporting Trump reelection: report Chris Wallace becomes Trump era's 'equal opportunity inquisitor' Appropriators warn White House against clawing back foreign aid MORE said that Trump isn't happy with how the media is covering the federal response in Puerto Rico. Mulvaney said the media has covered Puerto Rico's residents, many of whom do not have food or water, but not the administration's response. “What you’ve not shown, however, is the federal effort that we’ve got in place down there,” Mulvaney said on CNN's "State of the Union." Trump tweeted that those in Puerto Rico should not “believe the #fakenews.” Mayors in Puerto Rico need to be a part of the relief effort, Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Brock Long said, responding to criticism from San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz, who he said was "spout[ing] off." According to a White House official on Saturday, Cruz has not visited FEMA response headquarters on the island, although she's been making pleas on air for help. "If mayors decided not to be apart of that [relief effort] then the response is fragmented," Long said on "Fox News Sunday." "What I don't have patience for is the fact that what we're trying to do and we have successfully done is we've established a joint field office in San Juan," Long said. "And you should go there, you should go see that operation, where we're having daily conversations with all of the mayors, we're working with the government and his leadership to create unified objectives." Long urged people to look at what is being done, not what isn't. "We can choose to look at what the mayor spouts off or what other people spout off," he said. "Or we can also choose to see what's actually being done." His defense comes after Trump on Saturday took to Twitter to tout his administration's response and lashed out at Cruz. Trump said in a tweet that the mayor had shown "such poor leadership." Cruz defended herself for turning to the media to ask for help and said she would be happy to talk to Trump directly about her city's needs. "Any dialogue that goes on just has to be able to produce results," Cruz said on ABC's "This Week." "And all I did last week, or even this week, was ask for help." Cruz was among several officials who have been critical of the administration's response to the Puerto Rico crisis. Democrats, in turn, have criticized Trump for spending the weekend at his golf club, where the president has scheduled several calls with officials managing the disaster response. Despite those meetings on his schedule, critics say Trump shouldn't be spending his time criticizing people who are struggling on the beleaguered island. Senate Minority Leader Charles SchumerCharles (Chuck) Ellis SchumerLewandowski on potential NH Senate run: If I run, 'I'm going to win' Appropriators warn White House against clawing back foreign aid Colorado candidates vying to take on Gardner warn Hickenlooper they won't back down MORE (D-N.Y.) on Sunday encouraged Trump to put an end to the name-calling and instead get to work. "The president, instead of tweeting against the mayor of San Juan, who's watching her people die and just made a plea for help, [should] roll up his sleeves and get to work here," Schumer said on CBS's "Face The Nation." Schumer also said Trump, who is planning to visit Puerto Rico on Tuesday, should have gone to the island earlier. "The president going makes a huge difference," he said. He dismissed some of the acknowledged reasons for the slowness in the aid response — including long-standing shipping restrictions, infrastructure problems, the power grid being down and the distance between the island and the mainland. "Logistics didn't get in the way in the past," he argued. Sen. Bernie SandersBernie SandersTop Sanders adviser: Warren isn't competing for 'same pool of voters' Eight Democratic presidential hopefuls to appear in CNN climate town hall Top aide Jeff Weaver lays out Sanders's path to victory MORE (I-Vt.) also spoke out against Trump's rhetoric about Puerto Rico. “It is unspeakable, and I don’t know what world Trump is living in. People in Puerto Rico are suffering one of the worst disasters in the history of that island,” Sanders said on CNN’s “State of the Union.” Sanders said people "have a right to be suspect" that race may have been a factor in how Trump has handled the U.S. territory. “Yeah, I think we have a right to be suspect that he is treating the people of Puerto Rico a different way than he has treated the people of Texas or Florida,” he said, referring to recent hurricane relief efforts in those states. Ohio Gov. John Kasich (R) was also critical of the head of his own party, calling Trump's tweets attacking the mayor of San Juan inappropriate. "It's not appropriate. I mean, when people are in the middle of a disaster, you don't start trying to criticize them," Kasich told CNN's Jake Tapper on "State of the Union." "It's just not the way I think it ought to be handled. It's not the way we handle disasters here," he continued. "Everything has to be directed that way. These people, their lives are in danger," he said. On Sunday, Trump tweeted that "we have done a great job with the almost impossible situation in Puerto Rico," adding that people are "now starting to recognize the amazing work that has been done by FEMA and our great military." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
This is a pre-production deployment of Warehouse. Changes made here affect the production instance of PyPI (pypi.python.org).
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A python binding for the Odin Service Automation (OSA) and billing APIs.
Project Description
osaAPI
=====
 [](https://travis-ci.org/ingrammicro/osaAPI) [](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/osaapi)
A python binding for the Odin Service Automation (OSA) and billing APIs.
Installation
------------
Using pip:
$ pip install osaAPI
Connecting and Authenticating
-----------------------------
``` {.sourceCode .python}
OSA(host,user=None,password=None,ssl=False,verbose=False,port=8440)
PBA(host,user=None,password=None,ssl=False,verbose=False,port=5224)
```
### Default Connection
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA, PBA
# connect to OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com')
# connect to PBA
api = PBA('pba.hostname.com')
```
### Basic HTTP Authentication
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA, PBA
# connect to OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com', user='admin', password='setup')
```
### SSL
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA, PBA
# connect to OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com', ssl=True)
```
### Custom Port
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA, PBA
# connect to OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com', port=8888)
```
Odin Service Automation (OSA) API
-----------------------------------------
All but three of the OSA API calls start with 'pem', for this reason it
is recommended you name your OSA connection object 'pem' so you can call
functions exactly how they are documented in the OSA API as has been
done in the examples in this Readme.
The full OSA Public API Reference can be found here:
<http://download.automation.odin.com/oa/7.1/oapremium/portal/en/operations_api_reference/index.htm?fileName=about.htm>
### Basic API Call
This example will show the
[pem.getAccountInfo](http://download.automation.odin.com/oa/7.1/oapremium/portal/en/operations_api_reference/7915.htm)
method being called.
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com')
d = {
'account_id' : 1002242
}
print pem.getAccountInfo(**d)
# {'status': 0, 'result': {'fax': {'phone_num': '', 'ext_num': '', 'area_code': '', 'country_code': ''}, 'account_type': 'C', 'phone': {'phone_num': '00000000', 'ext_num': '', 'area_code': '04', 'country_code': '61'}, 'brand': {'brand_id': 191, 'domain_name': 'brandingdomain.com', 'name': 'brandname'}, 'email': 'noreply@example.com', 'person': {'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Smith', 'middle_name': '', 'company_name': 'Test Account', 'title': ''}, 'address': {'city': 'Canberra', 'country': 'au', 'street_name': '1 Test Street', 'zipcode': '2621', 'state': 'ACT', 'house_num': '', 'address2': ''}, 'parent_account_id': 1002241}}
```
### API Call with 'array of struct'
The OSA API often calls for values and settings to be sent as an 'array
of struct'. This example shows how to send these values using the osaapi
client.
This example is based on the
[pem.activateSubscription](http://download.automation.odin.com/oa/7.1/oapremium/portal/en/operations_api_reference/39160.htm)
method with resources types called 'DiskSpace' and 'Bandwidth' and a
domain name.
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com')
# define the resource limits:
DiskSpace = {
"resource_id" : 1002486,
"resource_limit" : 1024
}
Bandwidth = {
"resource_id" : 1002487,
"resource_limit" : -1
}
# define the paramaters:
DomainName = {
"var_name" : "DomainID",
"var_value" : "example.com.au"
}
# setup the call:
d = {
"account_id" : 1002242,
"subscription_name" : "Hosting (example.com.au)",
"subscription_id" : 1006754,
"service_template_id" : 204,
"resource_limits" : [DiskSpace, Bandwidth],
"paramaters" : [DomainName],
}
# execute the call:
result = pem.activateSubscription(**d)
```
### Transactions
<http://download.automation.odin.com/oa/7.1/oapremium/portal/en/operations_api_reference/43326.htm>
There are three OSA API calls that do not start with pem in the official
documentation. When using osaapi you can use these API calls as
documented but you will still need to prefix them with your OSA
connection object (the examples on this page use 'pem' as the connection
object name).
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import OSA
pem = OSA('mn.hostname.com')
# being transaction
pem.txn.Begin()
# commit transaction
pem.txn.Commit()
# rollback transaction
pem.txn.Rollback()
```
### Error Handling
The OSA API has quite good responses when an error occurs during an API
call. The below example shows the response format for OSA API errors:
``` {.sourceCode .python}
{
'status' : -1,
'extype_id' : 21,
'module_id' : 'OpenAPI',
'error_message' : 'Invalid set of arguments. There should be specified EITHER external_info OR person, address, phone, [fax], [locale], email.',
'properties' : {
'reason': 'Invalid set of arguments. There should be specified EITHER external_info OR person, address, phone, [fax], [locale], email.'
}
}
```
Billing module API
---------------------------------------
The billing API is quite different from the OSA API, and not quite as user
friendly. The osaapi client makes using the billing a little easier by
standardizing the returned responses, providing status codes, and
decoding any error messages.
The major difference between the OSA and billing api is how values are sent
and received. In billing params are sent and responses are received as a
list in a specific order to know what each value represents.
The full billing Public API Reference can be found here:
<http://download.automation.odin.com/oa/7.1/oapremium/portal/en/billing_api_reference/74975.htm>
### Basic API Call
This example will show the **AccountDetailsGet\_API** method being
called.
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import PBA
api = PBA('pba.hostname.com')
print api.Execute('AccountDetailsGet_API', params=['1002242'])
# {'status': 0, 'result': [1002242, 1002241, 'Test Account 5543', '1 Test Street', '', 'Canberra', '', '2621', 'au', '', 'John', 'D', 'Smith', 'noreply@example.com', '61', '04', '000000000', '', '', '', '', '', 1351787114, 2, 0]}
```
### Alternate Server
Most billing API method calls use the "BM" server. Some methods use
alternate servers such as "PEMGATE" or "DOMAINGATE". This example shows
how to specify an alternate server:
``` {.sourceCode .python}
from osaapi import PBA
api = PBA('pba.hostname.com')
api.Execute('DomainExpirationDateGet_API', params=params, server='DOMAINGATE')
```
### Error Handling
osaapi takes the way OSA returns errors natively and applies it to the
billing API. The status on each responce will either be **0** for a
succesfull call, or **-1** if billing returned an error.
This is an example of what is returned in the case of an error:
``` {.sourceCode .python}
{
'status' : -1,
'error_message' : 'Table Account does not contain row with ID 99999999.',
'server' : 'BM',
'host' : 'pba.hostname.com',
'params' : ['99999999'],
'result' : None,
'method' : 'AccountDetailsGet_API'
}
```
Release History
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Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.
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Axel Ståhle
Axel Reinhold Ståhle (1 February 1891 – 21 November 1987) was a Swedish Army officer and horse rider who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He and his horse Cecil finished seventh in the individual jumping event and won a gold medal with the Swedish jumping team.
Ståhle became ryttmästare in the reserve in 1928.
Awards and decorations
* Order_of_the_Sword_-_Ribbon_bar.svg 🇸🇪 Knight of the Order of the Sword (1941) | WIKI |
The Best Physiotherapy Exercises for Neck Pain
Many people deal with situations that put a strain on the neck, which can cause significant pain and discomfort. To help you find pain relief, there are some non-invasive physiotherapy exercises that you can do to combat neck pain. The qualified physical therapists and the physio clinic Malvern, Ace Sports Clinic, is trusted by some of the world’s best athletes and have some helpful tips.
Chronic neck pain can be lessened by safely building strength and flexibility with some easy methods that can be done every day. Keeping this in front of mind can help you relieve pain while preventing the situation from worsening. Find neck pain relief with these approved exercises.
Exercise #1: Seated neck stretch
This simple exercise can be performed at your desk or at home and should be done regularly throughout the day.
1. Sit upright in your chair with both feet flat on the floor
2. Extend your right arm along the right side
3. Place your left hand on top of your head
4. Apply gentle pressure with your hand to tilt your head to the left
5. Hold for 30 seconds
6. Repeat for the opposite side
You should be able to feel this stretch in the side of the neck, also known as the levator scapula & scalene muscles.
Exercise #2: Wall push-ups
A great way to help prevent neck pain is by strengthening your shoulders which helps to support your neck muscles. For a less stressful exercise when compared with standard push-ups, follow these steps to perform a wall push-up:
1. Stand facing a wall
2. Leave 45 – 90cm feet of space in front of you
3. Ensure your feet are shoulder-width apart
4. Position your hands against the wall, slightly below shoulder level
5. Begin with straight arms
6. Bend your elbows slowly and bring your body closer to the wall
7. Repeat 10 times for two sets
Exercise #3: Head and shoulder rolls
Another exercise that can be performed regularly throughout the day at your desk or at home is the shoulder roll:
1. Keep your arms relaxed at your sides
2. Keep your head upright
3. Lift and roll your shoulders
4. Take a few seconds to rest between each roll
5. Perform ten rolls forward, then the same amount back
It is important to stretch your neck before performing the head variant of this exercise and ensure your shoulder blades are relaxed. Your head should not be tilted forward; rather, it should sit directly over your neck. Start by dipping your chin toward your chest (if this causes an increase in pain, stop and contact your Ace Sports Clinic Physiotherapist immediately), then follow these steps:
1. Hold for several breaths
2. Lift your head
3. Lower the left ear toward your left shoulder
4. Hold this position
5. Repeat this movement on the right side
6. Perform a similar stretch with your head tilted back
After these stretches, roll your head slowly from tucked in front or tilted back toward on five times each side. Avoid a full head roll as this may strain the neck further.
Exercise #4: Aquatic exercises
If you have access to a swimming pool, aerobic water exercises can increase blood flow to the neck and be very beneficial in relieving neck pain. While in the water, attempt neck flexibility stretches on both sides by following these steps:
1. Begin by standing in a lunge position, keeping both arms at shoulder height.
2. While the right hand and foot are forward at a 12 o’clock position, move the left hand in a sweeping motion back to 6 o’clock, and follow with the head and body
3. Repeat five times
4. Keep the left hand sweeping to the 6 o’clock position, while the head moves only to 9 o’clock
5. Repeat for five movements
6. For the last set of five, keep the head at 12 o’clock while the arm sweeps to 6 o’clock
Exercise #5: Prone rows
To strengthen the muscles that help to pull the shoulder blades together, lay face down on a bed. Angle your face in the corner section and dangle your arms off each side. Make a rowing motion upward, bend the elbows and squeeze the shoulder blades together while keeping your head still.
Aim for 15 repetitions for two sets and add light weights for more of a challenge after body weight is mastered.
What not to do when you have neck pain
These exercises can be safe to perform normally but if you experience neck pain it’s best to avoid. If you are experiencing neck pain, leave the following activities off the list as they can strain your neck vertebrae:
• Sit-ups
• Crunches
• Military press
• Lat pulldown
Ultimately, these exercises are a general guide and we always recommend seeing your Ace Sports Clinic Physiotherapist to get a personalized program tailored to your unique needs.
The physio clinic Melbourne trusts to relieve neck pain – Ace Sports Clinic Malvern
The above exercises can provide some relief and are great ways to help prevent neck pain, but for those who suffer from regular neck pain, the experienced and reliable physio clinic Malvern trusts is ACE Sports Clinic. Our proven track record for providing pain relief for our patients speaks for itself, so contact our team of experts today book an assessment and find the relief you need. Live Pain Free – It’s possible at Ace Sports Clinic!
Along with physiotherapy, we offer a selection of physical therapyholistic therapies that can help improve your health:
Trust our experienced team of health care professionals to help you live pain free with maximum vitality. We take a holistic approach to improving your health and craft personalised health solutions to suit your unique needs. We achieve this with an in-depth assessment process that looks to determine the root cause of your issue and provide solutions for all types of pain and injury.
As an international organization that has vast experience working with some of the best athletes and professionals in the field of sports medicine, we utilise modern evidence-based therapies and, we have the skills, knowledge, and experience to form an effective plan for you. Too many people live with unnecessary pain in their body, be it neck pain, back pain or somewhere else, unaware that there are ways to prevent and relieve it. Come in and see one of our Ace Certified Practitioners and feel a little more comfortable every day.
At Ace Sports Clinic you’ll be treated like a Champion! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 35.djvu/97
Rh march, with song and jest, when the word was passed back: "Old Stonewall says that it is necessary for us to march further to-day." I remember one brave fellow–an old college-mate of mine who, when I tried to persuade him to fall out of ranks, and let me get him a place in an ambulance, or wagon, replied: "No! I cannot do that, there are poor fellows worse off than I am, who need all of the transportation that can be had. Besides, I think from appearances, we are going-to have a fight up yonder presently, and if I can't march *I can shoot, and I am in good condition now to go into line of battle; I would be obliged not to run if I wished to do so."
And thus the gallant fellow limped to the front to "take his place in the picture near the flashing of the guns."
He was afterwards killed, bravely doing his duty, and sleeps in the cemetery at Lexington, Va., hard by the grave of his chief, Stonewall Jackson.
Second, Jackson was noted for the secrecy with which he made and executed his plans. He is reported to have said: "If my coat knew my plans, I would burn it at once."
He concealed his plans from even his staff officers and subordinate generals, and was accustomed to say, "If I can keep my movements secret from our own people, I will have little
difficulty in concealing them from the enemy."
My old Colonel, J. A. Walker, afterwards made brigadier-general and put in command of the Stonewall Brigade, told me this incident: While Swell's Division was occupying Swift Run Gap, and Jackson had gone to meet Milroy at McDowell, Walker went up to Ewell's headquarters one morning to see him on some important matter, when Ewell passed him, and merely gave him the "military salute," and went on to the front of the yard, where he spent some time walking back and forth in evident impatience. The chief of staff told Walker that he had better not say anything to Ewell about his business then, as "the general was in a very bad humor that morning." After a time Walker started back to his own quarters, when Ewell stalked across the yard, planted himself in his front, and | WIKI |
Amorha
Amorha Khas is a gram panchayat in Basti district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In the freedom struggle of 1857, about 250 martyrs of Amorha State were hanged by the British Government from peepal trees located at Chhawani.
Geography
Amorha Khas is located at 26.7626°N, 82.39386°W.
History
Amorha was ruled by the indigenous Bhars & Paramara (Pawar) Kshatriya Rajputs drove out the Bhars by force and founded an estate known as the Amorha Raj.
Raja Zalim Singh was the King of Amorha. He was an Suryavanshi Rajput of Paramara (Pawar) clan. He was married to sister of Raja uday pratap naryan singh of Nagar Raj(of Gautam Rajputs). Raja Zalim Singh along with the Nawab of Oudh fought against the British imperialists for India's Freedom Struggle. On 13th Aug 1857, the British imperialists realised it was very difficult to establish their rule in Amorha due to fierce resistance by the Raja. This forced the British officer, Col. Robert Craft, to back off from the region on 2nd Mar 1858. The last queen of Amorha, and the wife of Raja Zalim Singh, Rani Talash Kanwar(gautami rani), took arms against the British and was killed in a bloody battle.
Raja Zalim Singh was a brave Indian freedom fighter. He repulsed all British invasions in his region. He defended his territory against the British with utmost valour for a long time until one day when he was taken off guard and surrounded by the British army. He managed to escape via a secret tunnel and continued to fight guerrilla warfare against the British.
Demographics
India census, Amorha Khas is a large village located in Harraiya of Basti district, Uttar Pradesh with a total of 1009 families residing there. The Amorha Khas village has population of 5977 of which 2933 are males while 3044 are females as per Population Census 2011.
Famous places
Amorha Khas is situated at a distance of 41 km from the district headquarters. Its old name was Ambodha, and it was once a province (state) of Suryavanshi Rajput Raja Zalim Singh. Zalim Singh's Mahal is here, Old wall of mahal is still there with the mark of a bullet used by the English. Also a temple Ramrekha Mandir is here. | WIKI |
2010 Swale Borough Council election
The 2010 Swale Borough Council election took place on 6 May 2010 to elect members of Swale Borough Council in Kent, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.
After the election, the composition of the council was:
* Conservative 33
* Labour 10
* Liberal Democrats 3
* Independent 1
Background
After the last election in 2008 the Conservatives had a majority on the council with 26 councillors, compared to 9 for Labour, 7 independents and 5 Liberal Democrats. However both the Conservative and Labour parties gained a seat at two by-elections in September 2008, after the independent councillors from Sheppey First resigned from the council.
By the time of the 2010 election there remained only one independent councillor, after Sheppey Central councillor Lesley Ingham joined the Conservatives in October 2009, before Pat Sandle and Paul Sturdgess also became Conservative councillors in March 2010. Meanwhile, the Liberal Democrat group on the council was reduced when St Michael's councillor Nick Williams defected to Labour in October 2009. This meant that before the 2010 election the Conservatives had 31 seats on the council, while Labour had 11, the Liberal Democrats had 4 and there was 1 independent.
Election result
The Conservatives made a net gain of two seats to win 14 of the 17 seats contested. The gains came at the expense of the Labour and Liberal Democrat parties, which each finished one seat down.
The Conservatives took Murston from the Liberal Democrats and Roman from Labour, as well as gaining Sheerness East by a single vote from Labour. However Labour retained Chalkwell with a majority of 30 votes over the Conservatives and gained one of the two seats contested in Queenborough and Halfway from the Conservatives. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 36 Part 1.djvu/1675
cxcu INDEX. Philippine Tar·i_77` of 1909-·C0uti11ued. Philippine Tarif of 1909—Co11t1nued. DU·rm.m.E ARTICLES·—CODt1DH€d. ARTICLES ON FREE ms·r—continued. [Heavy-faced iigures indicate paragraph.] Page [Heavy-faced tlgures indicate paragraph.] Page. wheelbarrows, wooden parts for 199, 159 articles, for construction, etc., of vessels; wheels, emery, etc .. 3, 137 regulati011s I 349, 173 railway cm, 11-Ou 0; stag] ______________ 31, 141 native, exported withoutdrawback and whgygmnes ____,_________,__,____________ 3, 137 rg1;11r11gd unchanged U1 value; reguwhips .., .. 178, 156 lotions Z. 347, 173 wbjpgmckg ________________,__________ 167, 155 to be repaued; regulations .. 350, 173 whisky ,..,,. . 258, 164 bell metal .. . . 306, 168 white lead paints ... 59, 144 Bibles L ..--... 326, 169 whjtgwash substances, dry .. 58, 144 blind, bO0ks and music 1`0l'. 326, 169 liquid or paste __,_,_..,.,.,... 59, 145 b00kl(-3128, 2,dV€1’tlSiI1g ... 325, 169 wicks, cotton, for candles, etc 94, 147 books, exported and returned unchanged for lam s ,,,,,____,,,...,,,_,_,.. 110, 150 in value; regulations 347, 173 window glass ,..._,_,,.. 18, 139 in raised characters, for the blind 326, 169 wine lees ,,_ 74, 146 scientific, etc., not for sale, for societies, wines, sparkling _.. 261, 164 schools, libraries, etc.; regulastill .,... 262, 164 tions . .. 346, 172 stronger .. . .. - 263, 164 for individuals; limit .. 346, 173 wire, aluminum .. 50, 143 brass, scrap ... 306, 168 copper - . 47, 143 bristles, washed only ... 311, 169 covered with textiles, etc 47, 143 cables, submarine telegraph ... 321, 169 cables and trolley wires 47, 143 calendars, advertising .. 825, 169 covered with silk ... 47, 143 cambaog conditions ... 332, 170 gauze, cloth, etc 47, 143 ciuchoua bark, salts, etc ... 320, 169 manufactures .. 47, 143 circus ecauipment, etc; conditions. 339, 171 iron or steel. 34, 142 coins an _ currency ..,. 318, 169 manufactures. . 34, 142 collections of stamps ,,,.,,..,,, 327, 169 lead. 52, 144 commercial documents, executed .. 318, 169 nickel. ... 50, 143 samples; limitation ,...,_ 333, 170 1:111 gg, c0nta.iJ&ers of goods, wares, and mefchaume ...-- - -.... -..-··-..., me .,.. 351 173 wood, baxbers’ and d6Dl}1St»B, chairs. 163, 155 consulates, supplies for foreign, 342: 172 billiard, etc., tables. . . . - 164, 155 copper, scrap, matte, etc ______,________ 306, 168 bowling alleys, etc ., 164, 155 correspondence .,,,,,,,,,_,___________ 327, 169 common ... 155, 154 cotton, mw .,,,,,,,_,,,_______________ 309, 169 manufactures. 160, 155 documents, typewritten ,,______________ 237, 169 common or fine, manufactures, inlaid, drawings, n and ink, an ____________ 324, 169 Bic --·--·-·-··-·---··.. 162, 155 economic Egoks, etc., for societies, schools, HDB ·-·--· - —--···--- 156, 154 libraries, etc.; regulations .., 346, 172 manufactures. 161, 155 for individuals; limit 346, 173 shavmgs, etc ... 157, 154 effects, personal, of resident, dying abroad shooksnstaves, hoops, etc - 1 58, 154 1 340, 171 tunsddupes, casks, etc ... 159, 154 entertainment, articles for public; condiwood ers ...,.,...,... 60, 145 tions. ., 339, 171 woods, crude drugs .. 55, 144 expositions, articles, animals, etc., for dis- · dyeing and tanning. 2 64, 145 playin; regulations. 345, 172 wool, bristles, animal hmr, and manu- family paintings, etc __,__________,_____ 324, 169 factures 137, 153 tlbers, raw or buckled, vegetable ... 310, 169 carded or dyed. 185, 153 folders, advertising ..,_,__.._, 325, 169 coxpbed 135, 153 gems, etc., for societies, etc ...,..., 384, 170 kmtted goods 139, 159 gold, bars, scrap, sto ,,_,____,____,,___ 315, 169 manufactures ... 141, 153 air. animal, washed only. 311, 169 textiles. 140, 153 hides, not tanned __,,,,,,_,____,_,_____ 316, 169 www --. 135, 153 historical books, etc., for societies, schools, yqms .. _ -... . . . . 136, 153 libraries, etc.; regulations ... 346, 172 wrnting mschmes, etc .. 185, 157 for individuals; limit ,,_, 346, 173 Yams, cotton .»---· 92, 93, 147 holdings of goods, wares, and merchanhemp, etc ...,,... 117, 150 dise __________________ _ _________ 351 173 _ wool ...,,,, 136, 153 hops ______ _ _____________________ 317, 169 - Z1¤€·b¤fS·§h€€€8, BN! --·--·--··--.. 52, 144 household effects of Phi1i>pine residents , other articles. . 52, 144 returning from slmsd- regulamgots or lumps. , 52, 144 tions _,_,.,,,,,__,________ ’ ______ 3 44, 172 ’ Anncggg ox FREE 1,1513 _ etc ~·-- - ····---··--···-~ 326s·169 y~‘exti¤i¤g1i$h¤er¤ph¤»et¤ ·---~--- ggg, 169 iron, song, pig, ingots. ZZZZIZZZZY 352; L3 Hmlllllm, P18; 9110,--; ·--·.. 2, 168 `ewe , token u ld, _ ________ · animals, breedmg; certificate reqmred- 331, 170 leachgmp, pigs,. - _ l gag, animals, etc:, for exbibxtgon or competition liie-preservers, and life buoy I I I I I U t _ l 307, 168 _ for prizes: regulations .. 7 345, 172 litlmgraphs. advertising ..,,,_ _ _ _ `-`` 325, 169 articles, qngmals, etc., for display at ex- msgazinesjote ,,,_, _ __,_____ :___ii"` 326, 169 A pos1t.m¤s,eu;.; regulanons ... 345, 172 malt ,,,, ,,,___________________ 317; 199 | WIKI |
Citizens can’t be managed by the rulers in everything they do. They have the power make great changes to better our communities and even though they may get punished they can't let fear control then. They can't neglect their responsibilities and have to assume their
After the Civil War, African Americans went from bondage into gaining liberty. Twentieth President James A. Garfield stated, “The elevation of the Negro race from slavery to the full rights of citizenship is the most important political change we have known since the adoption of the constitution.” However, the centuries of racism, prejudice, and devaluation took its toll on Southern society, and they would take another century before all Blacks could vote unhindered. The ratification of civil rights legislation created only a beginning of a change because the Emancipation Proclamation failed to free all slaves, Whites did not view Blacks as social equals, and most Southern Whites would not cooperate with the new laws. The Emancipation
“No other single document had the power to shake the nation to its roots and threaten its future as did Lincoln's edict, which did nothing other than proclaim freedom for those persons held in slavery in states actively seeking to break away from the government of the United States.” (Girardi, 2013) The Emancipation Proclamation was created to assist President Lincoln in support of the war. It caused not only uproar of the South, but also in the North. Majority of the Northern States still agreed that slavery had existed for far too long, but all the Southern states still felt slavery was not a problem. Before the war, in the early 1800s, a law had been passed to end slave trades and now the Emancipation Proclamation would be the beginning to the abolition of slavery. This document alone was the root of the Civil War.
In the last chapter, Butler provides various ideals in effort to rid the Chokehold in its entirety. In chapter 8, “Woke: Unlocking the Chokehold” Butler opens the chapter by informing the reader that racial inequality is something that has been around for some time. As far back as I can remember African-Americans, specifically mean have never been treated the same as any other race. There have been attempts to end discrimination, however, none of these attempts warranted any long-term solutions. One instance that Butler believes should have been a major turning point was Barack Obama being elected President.
While people believe kneeling during the National Anthem is disrespecting the country 's ideals, I believe kneeling during the National Anthem is not disrespectful. The United States is not living up to its ideals of freedom, liberty, and justice for all no matter their race. Athletes are bringing awareness by a peaceful protest, which is protected under the first amendment for those who are oppressed. My cousin, a veteran, has also influenced my view on this situation. Seeing my own family member put their life in danger to save millions of others does not add up to someone kneeling on the sideline during the National Anthem.
Dwight D Eisenhower, the President at that time, told Jackie that all blacks needed was patience for de-segregation to occur. Robinson strongly berated the President for these comments as it was abundantly clear that he had no understanding of the incredible hardships blacks had endured (Schutz 121). Jackie participated in the March on Washington which was a signature moment for the
The people of America fought and won the Revolutionary War gaining freedom from England rule. At first America gave out freedom unjustly. They had slaves who had no freedom and women and lower class white men who were free, but didn 't have very many rights, such as, the right to vote. There were many disputes, riots, boycotting, protesting, etc. Two women finally took action that eventually led to equal rights for everyone.
Holocaust survivor and prolific author, Elie Wiesel thought it was important to stand for something people believe in. He once argued, “There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest.” The documentary Bully displays how one should stand up for what he or she believes in, and help make a difference and end injustice. For instance, World War II was a major act of injustice. If someone had said something, it most likely would have been stopped and would have never happened. Although many people say it is not their issue to stand up when witnessing an act of injustice, saying something can genuinely make a difference and help in many ways.
Racial profiling occurs more than most people think and goes on without any consequences behind it. This happens because some people do not believe that anything can be done about it. This can lead to a huge problem, because a number of people will not just profile individuals because of their race or ethnicity, but will also become racist and dangerous. Martin Luther King Jr. was a powerful man that believed that we can all be equal no matter the pigment of our skin. Martin Luther King Jr. stated in his “I have a dream” speech, "I have a dream that one day my four little children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character".
Societal familial roles in existence now are imposed from birth and, because of this, make it hard to imagine family bonds formed in any other way. In today’s society, there’s little to no difference in how children ‘turn out’ based on if they were raised by an adoptive or biological family. This proves that family is not necessarily a genetic matter; building from this, it is possible that Plato was ahead of his times with his ideas of family. Nonetheless, this does not account for the abolition of the family as a whole or the extensive repercussions that stem from it. An important issue that must be examined in accordance with the abolition of family is the space for friendship.
Hi Simeon, The Bills of Rights was put into place to protect the rights of the people (Patterson, 2013). Without the Bill of Rights there would be much chaos in America. Do you think we are slowly losing our rights? Are not our rights to worship being placed into question? I think that the Bills of Rights was a great move of our forefahers, I don 't think they could foresee the complexity it would soon bring.
The people of Kaivotopolis have decided to secede from the United States of America because they feel their rights as citizens are not being met. Overwhelming governmental control and police brutality have led citizens to believe that the leaders do not, and probably will never have their best interests in mind. In today 's changing world, a society must be willing to evolve, not have guidelines set in stone for over 200 years regardless of the people 's pleas for change. The people of Kaivotopolis believe a meritocratic, innovation-driven society with a strong education system is an overall better society than the United States. Kaivotopolis 's government will have much less control over every aspect of life and be open to the people 's
How can improvements be made without the people who want the improvements don’t make an effort? Giving American citizens the responsibility to improve their own lives may cause setbacks, but it is the outcome of these setbacks that enable change and allow further quality of life. Without American citizens taking initiative to improve their own lives, they will be never be satisfied with the quality of their own lives. Many improvements in this world such as freedom and rights were not established through citizens counting on authority to make this change. It was the people who were affected by this dilemma that took action that ended up giving a new meaning to life.
Even though it is said that we are a free country, things have still not gotten to the point where everyone is free and equal. McKintosh wants to make a clear understanding to everyone that racism is still there, maybe not as obvious as it was before but the hierarchy is still there putting others at a disadvantage because they were not born with white skin. McKintosh knows that this problem can 't be solved just like that but she wants to raise awareness in order for future generations to be able to set up a system where white people don 't have dominance over colored people. She wants future generations to have a system where everyone is
Even know the money that is taxed it’s used for defending and guarding the American frontier. The family probably thinks it’s wrong because you shouldn’t be taxed on using something that we use everything single day. Just taxing in general is awful. We shouldn’t have to pay for things that we use everyday and love. Paper especially is something that shouldn’t be taxed. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Sugungga
Sugungga is one of the five surviving stories of the Korean pansori storytelling tradition. The other stories are Simcheongga, Heungbuga, Jeokbyeokga, and Chunhyangga.
Sugungga is considered to be more exciting and farcical than the other pansoris because of its personification of animals. The satire is more frank and humorous. It has serious parts as well in the characters of the king and loyal retainers. Therefore Sugungga is regarded as the "small Jeokbyeokga;" so Pansori singers sing those parts earnestly.
Sugungga is based on the story of the Dragon King of the Southern Sea, a terrapin, and a wily rabbit. This story is believed to have stemmed from a tale "Gutojiseol(龜兎之說)" (also known as "Gwitojiseol") from the section on Kim Yu-sin from the Silla dynasty in Samguk sagi, and possibly from The Monkey and the Crocodile from the Jataka tales, an Indian literature, The theme of this story is the relationship of subject to king.
The play was popularized by the South Korean band Leenalchi who uploaded their live action performance of the story on YouTube. The video went viral in South Korea, amassing over 6 million views as of January 2021.
Plot
The story begins in a fictional kingdom in the Southern Sea ruled by a Dragon King who suffers from an illness that can only be cured by consuming the liver of a rabbit. In hopes of finding the liver to cure his disease, the dragon king commands his servants to go onto land, find a rabbit, and bring its liver back to the kingdom. Out of the servants, a terrapin volunteers to perform this act, showing his loyalty to the king.
The terrapin is met with several challenges on land from an encounter with a predatory tiger to not knowing what a rabbit looks like. At the end, however, the terrapin succeeds in finding a rabbit. In order to get the rabbit to follow it back to the underwater kingdom, the terrapin lures the rabbit by telling him that a wonderous and luxurious life awaits it there. The rabbit falls for it, follows the terrapin underwater, and soon finds itself captured in the dragon king's palace. The rabbit soon realizes that it had been tricked and will be soon slaughtered for its liver. Right before slaughtering, however, the rabbit tells the dragon king that its liver is so much in demand that someone may steal it away from the king as soon as he kills it and that because of this, it had to be slaughtered somewhere away from everyone. The dragon king listens to the rabbit and commands the terrapin to kill it away from the kingdom. Upon getting far enough from the kingdom, the rabbit ridicules the dragon king's naïveté and flees back onto land, essentially tricking both the terrapin and the dragon king.
The story ends with the rabbit ridiculing the king and the terrapin once again, but admiring the terrapin's loyalty to the king as well.
Theme
The primary, over-arching theme of the story is the consequences of being naïve. In the story, the dragon King learns the hard way that being naive is a negative trait by missing an opportunity to live. It can be reasonably implied that the King loses its life after the story because of his naïveté. | WIKI |
Page:The Voyage of Italy (1686).djvu/355
Here is the tomb of the incomparable painter, Raphael Urbin,
In this temple stood anciently the famous Minerva made by Phidias of which histories ring. There also was placed the statue of Venus, in whose ear that incomparable pearl of Cleopatra hung, which upon riotous wager with M. Antony of them should make the most costly supper) she was going to throw into a glass of vinegar, to macerate it (as she had done another before) and drink it up: But M. Antony stopping her hand, and confessing himself overcome, the pearl saith Pliny, was put in the ear of Venus in the Pantheon. In the round holes over the altars, were set those heads of the gods of the heathens, which are now seen in the Belvedere of the Maschere. This temple and its porch were so lined anciently with brass, that there was enough of it to make diverse great cannons, by Pope Urban's command, and the great canopy with the four pillars which adorn St Peter’s high altar. And though the people and Pasquin, two equally senseless things, murmured much at the taking away of this brass, yet seeing the Pantheon received no damage thereby, and seeing it was improved to that hight, that it became Ecclesiae Ornamentum & Urbi Munimentum, the wiser sort of men thought it well employed, and let the people and malice talk. I had almost forgot to tell you that this Temple was made by Agrippa, | WIKI |
User:Australianidol2010
'ALEX MONSOUR'
Alex Monsour is best known for his involvement in the group The Shuttle Wreckers.
Alex is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the Brisbane based band.
He is also son of respected politician Chris Monsour. | WIKI |
Talk:Check It Out (will.i.am and Nicki Minaj song)
Not an official single?
Who writes this stuff? If it's getting a physical release in any one country as an official single, then it's just that. RAIN..the..ONE HOTLINE 12:23, 26 October 2010 (UTC)
* on UK radio stations, Will.i.am said its his new single featuring Minaj. She's not promoting it as a single from her album but may decide to include it on the final track listing..." RTFQ -- Lil_℧niquℇ №1 | talk2me 22:49, 26 October 2010 (UTC)
* Then it's his official single? RAIN..the..ONE HOTLINE 22:53, 26 October 2010 (UTC)
* Hence I wrote "though it is not officially a single from her album...". Much the same as "Eenie Meanie" by Sean Kingston and Justin Beiber (included on both their albums but only an official single from Kingston's). -- Lil_℧niquℇ №1 | talk2me 23:01, 26 October 2010 (UTC)
Screenshots
Could somebody add some fairuse screenshots as is usually done on wikipedia. Could you also please add one of Cheryl Cole and add that she was edited in afterwards for the European release. I think this is really interesting and should be added. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:50, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
yeah, cole is featured in both the vocals and video for the UK edition, could be pretty handy to note, atleast in the "UK version" section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:26, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
!
Does this song have an exclamation point? I've seen it both ways: it charts on Billboard and ARIA charts without, but on IRMA charts with. Also, the biggest thing, I guess, would be the single cover, which has it. Yves (talk) 10:55, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
* It doesn't on Minaj's album and though we're agreed its not a single from her album... that would be its registered legal title. -- Lil_℧niquℇ №1 | talk2me 12:41, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* Not necessarily, Lady Gaga's "Yoü and I" is registered as You and I. I'm leaning towards it having the exclamation point in the title. Yeah, I know this is an old discussion. xD ℥nding · start 04:45, 22 July 2011 (UTC)
How to treat remixes
Please take part in the above discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Songs 17:21, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Will.i.am which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 10:15, 30 August 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
INSAT-2E
INSAT-2E is an Indian geostationary communications and weather satellite which is operated by the Indian National Satellite System. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 83° East, from where it is used to provide communications services to Asia and Australia. It also carries two meteorological instruments; the Very High Resolution Radiometer, and a CCD camera capable of returning images with a resolution of one kilometre.
The communications payload aboard INSAT-2E consists of seventeen G/H band (IEEE C band) transponders. At launch the satellite had a mass of 2550 kg, with an expected operational lifespan of 12 years. Some of its transponders are leased to Intelsat, who operate them under the designation Intelsat APR-2.
INSAT-2E was launched by Arianespace, using an Ariane 42P carrier rocket flying from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre. The launch occurred at 22:03 UTC on 2 April 1999. Following launch, it raised itself into geostationary orbit using liquid-fuelled apogee motor. Its final insertion burn occurred at 07:38 UTC on 8 April. Following insertion, it was positioned at a longitude of 83° East. | WIKI |
Page:History of Greece Vol II.djvu/166
150 HISTORY OF GRKHCE. thirst for new poetical effect ; and the men who stood forward in it may well be considered as desirous to study, and competent to criticize, from their own individual point of view, the written words of the Homeric rhapsodes, just as we are told that Kallinug both noticed and eulogized the Thebai's as the production of Ho- mer. There seems, therefore, ground for conjecturing, that (for the use of this newly-formed and important, but very narrow class) manuscripts of the Homeric poems and other old epics the Thebai's and the Cypria as well as the Iliad and the Odyssey began to be compiled towards the middle of the seventh cen- tury B. c. :' and the opening of Egypt to Grecian commerce, which took place about the same period, would furnish increased facilities for obtaining the requisite papyrus to write upon. A reading class, when once formed, would doubtless slowly increase, and the number of manuscripts along with it ; so that before the time of Solon, fifty years afterwards, both readers and manu- scripts, though still comparatively few, might have attained a certain recognized authority, and formed a tribunal of reference, against the carelessness of individual rhapsodes. We may, I think, consider the Iliad and Odyssey to have been preserved without the aid of writing, for a period near upon two centuries. 2 But is it true, as Wolf imagined, and as other able 1 Mr. Fynes Clinton (Fasti Hellenic!, vol. i. pp. 368-37.3) treats it as a matter of certainty that Archilochus and Alkman wrote their poems. I am not aware of any evidence for announcing this as positively known, ex- cept, indeed, an admission of Wolf, which is, doubtless, good as an argumen- tum ad hominem, but is not to be received as proof ( Wolf, Prolog, p. 50). The evidences mentioned by Mr. Clinton (p. 368) certainly cannot bi regarded as proving anything to the point. Giese (Ueber den JEolischen Dialekt, p. 172) places the first writing of the separate rhapsodies composing the Iliad in the seventh century B. c. 2 The songs of the Icelandic Skalds were preserved orally for a period longer than two centuries, P. A. Mailer thinks very much longer, before they were collected, or embodied in written story by Snorro and Siemund (Lange, Untersuchungen Ober die Gesch. der Nordischen Helden- sagc, p. 98 ; also, Introduct. pp. xx-xxviii). He confounds, however, often, the preservation of the songs from old time, with the question, whether they have or have not an historical basis. And there were, doubtless, many old bards and rhapsodes in ancient Greece, of wham the same might be said which Saxo Grammaticus affirm* of an Englishman named Lucas, that lie was " literis quidem tcnuitcr in | WIKI |
Stora Karlsö
Stora Karlsö is an island off the west coast of Gotland, Sweden; part of Eksta socken. It is mostly known for its rich birdlife with large colonies of common guillemot, and flora. Stora Karlsö is a nature reserve, the second oldest in the world after Yellowstone National Park.
Geography
Stora Karlsö is a small Swedish island in the Baltic Sea, situated about 6 km west of the island of Gotland. It has an area of about 2.5 km2 and is up to 52 m high. Most of the island consists of a limestone plateau, bordered by steep cliffs along the shore. It is mostly covered with alvar, with many juniper bushes and some small groves of deciduous trees.
Birds and plants
The island is mostly known for its rich birdlife and flora. It has large colonies of common guillemot (about 7500 breeding pairs) and razorbill (4500 pairs). In spring, there is an extraordinary number of orchids, mostly elder-flowered orchid and early purple orchid. There are also several very rare plants for Sweden such as Adonis vernalis, Lactuca quercina (called Karlsösallat in Swedish), hart's-tongue fern and Corydalis gotlandica (the only endemic plant on Gotland).
History
There is evidence that Stora Karlsö has been inhabited since the Stone Age. During the Middle Ages there was a marble quarry, which gave the material for many of Gotland's churches. The island is a nature reserve, and after Yellowstone National Park is the oldest established protected nature area in the world. From May to August there are tour boats from the village Klintehamn.
The Stora Karlsö Lighthouse was built in 1887. A house for the lighthouse keeper was added in the 1930s, which resulted in the island getting its first permanent residents in modern times. Since 1974, the lighthouse is automated and there are no permanent residents on the island. The lighthouse and the surrounded buildings are now listed. | WIKI |
Page:O Henry Prize Stories of 1924.djvu/14
viii North Carolina; and Robert L. Ramsay, of the University of Missouri and editor of “Short Stories of America,” were the new members on the annual committee. Ellis Parker Butler, author of “Pigs Is Pigs,” retiring President of the Authors’ League of America; and Allan Nevins, literary editor of the Sun (New York), were the remaining members of the committee of seven who adjudged the thirty-six stories.
At a meeting on November 25th, of a committee quorum, twenty-four stories were discussed as candidates for three prizes. Those present besides the Chairman were Ethel Watts Mumford, Frances Gilchrist Wood, Ellis Parker Butler, and Allan Nevins. The absent members, Edward J. Erwin and Robert L. Ramsay, telegraphed their preferences. The judges differed not only over the best of the few best stories but on the quality of brief fiction published in 1924. One expressed the fear that there were not enough stories to make a volume. Another commented that no peaks rise above the level—a level, however, admittedly high. The Chairman believes more good stories have appeared than in any year preceding.
Consideration of the candidates for the $100 prize, which is awarded to the best short short story, disclosed that four were in the running. “Fly Paper,” by Mary Arbuckle; “The Uninvited,” by Thomas Boyd; “Rachel and Her Children,” by Frances Newman; and “The Man Who Loved Hate,” by Wallace Smith. It was agreed that this last-named story bears strongest resemblance to O. Henry’s tales; but—it should be repeated—this prize is not to perpetuate O. Henry’s influence. O. Henry would be the first to approve that one who most honoured his technique by destroying it, if after the destruction the vandal built something better. The strong realism of “Fly Paper” was granted but with the regret that it falters toward the close. “The Uninvited” and “Rachel and Her Children” (both, as it happens, having been published in the American Mercury) remained. The merits of these were duly weighed, with the result that the committee unanimously voted the special prize to “Rachel and Her Children.”
In its mental revolutions around a single incident, Miss Newman’s narrative illustrates a growing reliance of present-day writers on the single point of view. The external incident | WIKI |
Jorge Volpi
Jorge Volpi (full name Jorge Volpi Escalante, born July 10, 1968) is a Mexican novelist and essayist, best known for his novels such as In Search of Klingsor (En busca de Klingsor). Trained as a lawyer, he gained notice in the 1990s with his first publications and participation in the pronouncement of the "Crack Manifesto" with several other young writers to protest the state of Mexican literature and promote their own work. Volpi's novels are distinct from magical realism and other trends of Latin American literature as they focus on the actions of characters and research into academic topics, especially history and science, and do not always focus on Latin American characters and settings. His work has been translated into twenty five languages and recognized with awards such as Biblioteca Breva Award and the Planta-Casa de América as well as a grant from the Guggenheim Foundation. In addition to his writing he has worked as a cultural attaché, the director of Canal 22 in the State of Mexico and is currently the director of the Festival Internacional Cervantino.
Life
Jorge Volpi was born in Mexico City. Since childhood, he has been interested in history and science. At age thirteen, he wanted to be a historian, specializing in the Middle Ages, attempting to write a book on the entire topic. He stated much of his interest in science was sparked by watching Carl Sagan's Cosmos on television. He decided later in life to abandon these for literature, but these interests remain and appear in his writing.
Volpi attended high school at the Centro Universitario México in Mexico City, later doing his undergraduate work in law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and receiving his masters from the same institution in Mexican literature. He also worked on writing at the Centro de Escritores Mexicanos, with Carlos Montemayor and Ali Chumacero.
For almost three years in the early 1990s, Volpi worked as a secretary to Diego Valades, the first attorney general for the Federal District of Mexico City and later the attorney general for Mexico. He was working with politicians, police and judiciary at a turbulent time, with among other things, the Chiapas uprising. During this time, in 1994, he was in Oaxaca, when a state government official there was assassinated, giving him the idea for a later novel called La paz de los sepulcros. Although published ten years later, one month before the Luis Donaldo Colosio assassination, he wrote a part of the book where a political assassination occurs much the way Colosio's did, one month before it happened. The book also discussed the fall of the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
In 1996, Volpi moved to Spain to do his doctorate at the University of Salamanca. He spent three years there, earning his degree in Hispanic philology with his thesis about poet Jorge Cuesta. During his time in Spain, he also began work on the novel En busca de Klingsor. He met with and shared experiences there with fellow writer Ignacio Padilla, crediting him as an indirect influence on the work. He also learned German as part of research into the book at this time.
In 2001, he was named director of the Mexican Cultural Center in Paris, living in Paris for three years. He was also offered the opportunity to be a cultural attaché for the Mexican embassy in Italy, but rejected the offer. He served as a jury member for the Guadalajara International Book Fair, which awarded this institution's prize to Bryce Enchenique, later accused of plagiarism.
In 2007, he became the director of Canal (Channel) 22, the government cultural television station of the State of Mexico. He reformed the station and how it is perceived by the public.
In 2013, he was named the director of the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato, the most important cultural festival in Latin America.
Since 2007, he has taught Mexican literature and other topics at universities on three continents, at institutions such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Emory, Cornell, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, the Catholic University of Chile and the Universidad Marista in Guadalajara. Since 2012, he has been a visiting professor at Princeton, where he currently lives.
He has stated that he does not want fame, that it is better suited for singers, actors and television personalities. Writers need to be on the margin.
Writing career
Volpi is best known for his novels and essays, with nine novels published. He decided to become a writer after reading Carlos Fuentes' Terra Nostra because it convinced him that writing can recreate history. Later, Volpi became friends with Fuentes after the older writer praised En busca de Klingsor. Volpi's works have been translated into twenty five languages, with his work influential in both Spanish and English as his style has differed from what has been produced in either of these languages.
Volpi's first two published works are a series of short stories called Pieza de forma de sonata (1991) at age 23 and novel A pesar del oscuro silencio (1992).
On August 7, 1996, Volpi, along with Eloy Urroz, Ignacio Padilla, Ricardo Chávez Castaneda and Pedro Angel Palau, all Mexican authors under the age of thirty, met at the Centro Cultural San Angel to read their "Crack Manifesto", which expressed frustration with the socio-political system with apocalyptic themes associated with the end of the millennium. This is what the word "crack" refers to. This followed the planning of near-simultaneous publication of five works by the group, mostly as a protest against the then dominant "literature light" novels as well as current events, with the books carrying the label of "crack novels." They called themselves the "Crack Generation" and it has been referred to as a movement, but it was more of a convergence in the writing of Volpi and the other authors. These "crack novels" brought immediate notoriety to Volpi and the others, but the Mexican cultural press reviewed the phenomenon with little consensus as to its place. Some accused the group of a publicity stunt and others called it a breakthrough. Later in life, Volpi referred to it as an experiment. The group has remained friends and colleagues and have published a reflection on the experience as ''Crack. Instrucciones de Uso''.
Volpi's most successful novel is En busca de Klingsor, which itself has been translated into nineteen languages, breaking sales records in Europe and has been read over German radio. The book is the first of a trilogy which includes El fin de la locura (2004) and No sera la Tierra (2006). The book received the 1999 Premio Biblioteca Breve in Spain and the 2000 Deux Océans-Grinzane Cavour Award in France. In addition to books, Volpi writes book reviews and essay for Mexican cultural press, collaborating with Reforma, The Nation, the Confabulario supplement and the magazines Viceversa, Letra Internacional and Letras Libres. He also contributes to the El País newspaper in Spain.
In addition to the awards for En busca de Klingsor, Volpi has won the 1990 Plural de Ensayo Prize, the 1991 Vuelta Prize in Essay (for El magisterio de Jorge Cuesta), the 2008 Mazatlán Prize (for Con Mentiras), the 2009 Debate-Casamérica Essay Prize (for El insomnia de Bolívar), the 2012 Planta-Casa de América in Madrid (for La tejedora de sombras) and the José Donoso Iberoamerican Prize for his collective work.
Volpi has also received grants from the Guggenheim Foundation and has been a member of the National System of Creators in Mexico. He is a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters of France and a Knight of the Order of Isabella the Catholic of Spain.
Fiction
* Pieza en forma de sonata (1990)
* A pesar del oscuro silencio (In Spite of the Dark Silence) (1993)
* Días de ira (1994)
* La paz de los sepulcros (The Peace of Tombs) (1995)
* El temperamento melancólico (1996)
* Sanar tu piel amarga (1997)
* En busca de Klingsor (In Search of Klingsor) (1999)
* El juego del Apocalipsis (The Game of the Apocalypse) (2000)
* Pieza en forma de sonata, para flauta, oboe, cello y arpa, Op. 1, Cuadernos de Malinalco (1991)
* El fin de la locura (The End of Madness) (2003)
* No será la tierra (2006)
* El jardín devastado, Alfaguara, mezcla de memoria, ficción y aforismos (2008)
* Oscuro bosque oscuro (2009)
* Días de ira. (2011)
* La tejedora de sombras (2012)
* La paz de los sepulcros (2013)
* Memorial del engaño (2014)
* Una novela criminal (2018)
Essays
* Mentiras contagiosas: Ensayos (2008).
* Mexico: Lo que todo ciudadano quisiera (no) saber de su patria (2006)
* Crack. Instrucciones de uso (2005)
* La guerra y las palabras. Una historia intelectual de 1994 (2004)
* La imaginación y el poder. Una historia intelectual de 1968 (1998)
* El insomnio de Bolívar (2009)
* Leer la mente. El cerebro y el arte de la ficción (2011)
Influences and style
Volpi's novels have a writing style which is distinct from other Latin American literature, especially from magical realism. His novels are entertaining and informative, stressing research and detection and have been compared to "airport novels" as they also include elements of intrigue, romance and sex. However, they also appeal to readers interested in ethical questions, as well as complex systems of interrelations, making them similar to the "novelas totalizantes" of the 1960s. He is the only major writer of this kind of novel in Spanish and has been "accused" of not being Latin American enough for his distinctive style and subject matter. Volpi disputes this.
His first notable work were the "novelas de crack" publishing in the 1990s in which he rejected the then dominant "literature light" and focused less on the language and more on the actions of the characters. He felt literature light trivialized the link between literature and knowledge. This novels, which include La paz de los sepulcros, El tempermento meloncólico and Sanar tu piel amarga were writing during the Carlos Salinas de Gortari administration, when Mexican politics and economy were under great strain. This influence remains in his work as he still focuses on developing his characters before he starts the novel. Even though these sketches change, it allows Volpi to "know" them and a few important features to help describe them briefly, like a first impression in real life.
Volpi has stated that "The novels I like to read and the ones I try to write are those that consider fiction as a vehicle of knowledge." He believes that "a novel is a form of exploring the world." His novels show great effort to research an area of knowledge to incorporate this into the story, with the main characters often also involved in the discovery of knowledge. In A pesar del oscuro silencio, the main character is researching the tragic life of Jorge Cuesta, a Mexican vanguard poet and essayist of the 1920s and 1930s. Similarly, the protagonist in Tribuna del escandolo also engages in biographical research, but in this case to solve a double murder. In El temperamento melancolico, Volpi psychologically analyzes the idea of human temperament, exploring group dynamics and the effects of individual actions. The story here is of a German film director making his last film in Mexico, with Volpi focuses on the ten Mexican actors and their roles in the film. In La tejedora de sombras, the subject matter is the psychoanalysis of Carl Jung. Memorial del engaño is about the financial crisis of 2008 and the revelation that much of the world economic order was due to communist spies. Volpi's best known work, En busca de Klingsor, is the first of a trilogy that not only traces the development of scientific knowledge of the latter 20th century, but also aligns it to the political and social thought of the same era. He begins in the first book with relatively theory and quantum mechanics questioning much of how we see existence, (developed inside the search for Hitler's chief scientific advisor just after World War II), It is followed by El fin de la locura set from the May 1968 demonstrations in Paris to the Fall of the Berlin Wall. No será la Tierra is about the end of communist ideal in the 20th century.
For Volpi, literature is to satisfy his curiosity and search for knowledge, including knowledge about himself, preferring to use first-person narrators. For Volpi, the novel is a vehicle for knowledge about identity in action, placing readers in a position to observe the how human behavior works. He generally writes about identity as a mixture of character, temperament and will. His stories are often experiments to place certain temperaments together to analyze their interactions. However, knowledge in Volpi's novels is a search rather than explaining what is already known and it is never complete, generally related to the concept of identity and human behavior. | WIKI |
Overall Comments on Psychosocial Interventions
As a general principle comorbid mental disorders should be treated according to the clinical practice guidelines for those specific disorders. Care should be coordinated and integrated, but little evidence supports use of specific packages that integrate the content of psychological interventions. There are notable exceptions (e.g. comorbid PTSD & alcohol) to this which are covered below.
Some considerations are:
• Where possible the same health professional should provide treatment for both alcohol use and comorbid disorders and if not;
• Any combination of specific techniques should be coordinated.
It may be that, among people who are severely alcohol dependent, a focus on comorbid mental disorders may divert attention from the crucial immediate task of reducing alcohol consumption early in treatment and hence interfere with longer term outcome. There is an alternative view that that engaging people with treatment for their comorbid disorder might be a way to get some initial gains, build momentum and rapport that then orients the person to be ready to work on the alcohol use disorder.
As a general rule when people are learning new ways to manage distress and emotions, they often experience greater distress and stronger emotions. Particularly when they are trying not to cope by drinking, it is likely that they will feel worse in the short term. Psychoeducation about the likely experiences of abstinence or reduced drinking is an important part of any intervention.
Specific psychological interventions that have strong empirical support for treating mental disorders uncomplicated by comorbidity are cognitive behavioural therapy, behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy, and interpersonal therapy. Other psychotherapies may be effective but there is generally insufficient evidence to recommend their use.
Chapter Recommendation Grade of recommendation
21.16 Provide psychoeducation about the nature and prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in alcohol use disorders and the likelihood of improvement with abstinence or significant reductions in alcohol use GPP | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Top Electric Vehicle Stocks To Buy Today? 4 In Focus
4 Trending EV Stocks Gaining Momentum In The Stock Market Now
It’s been a joyous month for EV stocks enthusiasts in the stock market. For the most part, EV stocks have been trending downwards or trading sideways this year. However, we are starting to see signs of recovery, especially over the past month in some of the household EV names. After all, the electrification of vehicles appears to be the future of transportation. Many companies continue to invest in the development of EVs despite having the deliveries and manufacturing disrupted by chip shortages.
For example, Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F) executives are opening up the cash vaults and ready to splash on the funding of electric vehicles. The company is willing to spend $30 billion on electric vehicle development which includes battery development by 2025. We can also see the adoption of EVs increasing with Tesla Inc (NASDAQ: TSLA) selling 33,463 China-made EVs in May. This signifies a 29% jump from April. It is worth noting that the company’s China sales account for one-third of its total sales. So, would you say that the hype surrounding the industry is justified? If so, why not take a look at some of the top EV stocks in the stock market today.
EV Stocks To Watch In The Stock Market Now
Li Auto Inc (NASDAQ: LI)
Nio Inc (NYSE: NIO)
XPeng Inc (NYSE: XPEV)
Magna International Inc. (NYSE: MGA)
Li Auto Inc
First, we have a China-based holding company that engages in designing, developing, manufacturing, and sales of smart electric sport utility vehicles (SUVs). The company’s primary product is the SUV model Li ONE. It also sells peripheral products and provides related services, such as charging stalls, vehicle internet connection services, and extended lifetime warranties. LI stock has been trending upwards for the past month, up by a whopping 65%.
This impressive climb is likely stimulated by the announcement which was made earlier this month in regards to its delivery update on its Li ONEs. The company announced 4,323 Li ONEs were delivered in May 2021, representing an impressive 101.3% year-over-year increase. The 2021 Li ONE which was released on May 25 received positive feedback from its users as shown by the robust order inflow that took its orders in May to a record high. It is the first vehicle in the world with a full-stack self-developed Navigate on Pilot (NOP) feature in a standard configuration.
Overall, the company now has 83 retail stores covering 57 cities and 147 servicing centers. Moreover, it also has Li Auto-authorized body and paint shops operating in 109 cities. So, would now be the best time to jump on the LI stock bandwagon as it shows a strong price action?
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Nio Inc
Next on the list, we have another rising EV company, Nio. The company also engages in designing, manufacturing, and selling smart and connected EVs. The company differentiates itself through its continuous technological breakthroughs and innovations, such as its industry-leading battery swapping technologies, Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS), as well as its proprietary autonomous driving technologies and Autonomous-Driving-as-a-Service (ADaaS).
Earlier this month, the company provided its May 2021 delivery results. NIO delivered 6,711 vehicles which represent a strong 95.3% year-over-year growth. As of May 31, 2021, cumulative deliveries of the ES8, ES6, and EC6 reached 109,514 vehicles. The company still posted strong delivery numbers despite deliveries being adversely impacted for several days due to the disruption of semiconductor supply and certain logistical adjustments. Based on the current production, Nio will be able to accelerate the delivery in June to make up for the delays from May.
The company also posted strong financial numbers in its first-quarter earnings report. Total revenues came in at $1.21 billion, up by a staggering 481.8% from the prior year’s quarter. Meanwhile, gross profit was $237.3 million, compared to a $26.2 million gross loss in the first quarter of 2020. Given that NIO stock is also showing signs of recovery from its sell-down over the past few months, could this be a good time to invest in NIO stock?
[Read More] 4 Artificial Intelligence Stocks To Watch Right Now
XPeng Inc
XPeng Inc is a China-based company that engages in the design, development, production, and sales of smart EVs. The Company’s primary products are environmentally friendly vehicles, namely an SUV (the G3) and a four-door sports sedan (the P7). The Company aims to develop full-stack autonomous driving technology, in-car intelligent operating systems, and core vehicle systems in-house through its proprietary software, core hardware, and data technologies.
Towards the end of May, the company said that its smart EVs have cumulatively conducted 380,000 times over-the-air upgrades. XPeng has released cumulatively 23 FOTA (firmware over-the-air) updates for G3 and P7 users, with 134 new functions added and 2,326 functions optimized from Jan 2019 to May 2021. This is significant as it is able to upgrade its chassis, powertrain, and battery management on top of its autonomous driving, navigation, electronics, and infotainment systems.
As for its May delivery update, XPeng delivered a total of 5,686 Smart EVs. This represents a 483% increase year-over-year. Out of which, 3,797 consisted of P7s, and 1,889 were the G3s. The number of P7s delivered in May reached a record high of 3,797, demonstrating the strong customer appeal of XPeng’s market-leading smart features. All things considered, would XPEV stock be a buy for you?
[Read More] 5 Financial Stocks To Watch In A Rising Interest Rate Environment
Magna International Inc.
To sum up the list, we have the mobility technology company, Magna. The company is a leading global automotive supplier. Its products can be found on most vehicles today, and come from 347 operations, and 84 product developments. Magna is one of the auto equipment providers that is making considerable strides in amping up electrification capabilities. As of now, it is already making e-drive gearboxes for Nio and XPeng.
Not only that, but the company will also be making Fisker Inc’s (NYSE: FSR) Ocean SUV, starting in late 2022. In fact, MGA stock has more than doubled over the past year with speculations of Magna potentially building a possible Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL) car. After all, Magna is one of the largest car parts suppliers with a history of assembling vehicles.
In May, Magna reported its first-quarter earnings. The company posted sales of $10.2 billion, an increase of 18%. Also, global light vehicle production increased by 18%, largely driven by an 87% increase in China. Meanwhile, adjusted EBIT was up by 91%. The company generated strong earnings despite industry supply constraints that impacted its production schedules. So, would you consider adding MGA stock to your portfolio?
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
NC10
NC10, NC-10, or similar, may refer to:
* North Carolina's 10th congressional district
* North Carolina Highway 10
* Samsung NC10
* NC10 phylum, a bacterial phylum | WIKI |
'No tomorrow' for many unless consumption falls: U.N.
NAIROBI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Global exploitation of natural resources - from water, sand and timber to oil, coal and gemstones - has more than tripled in 50 years, the United Nations said on Tuesday, warning of devastating environmental impacts unless demand is reduced. Surging consumption of natural resources - 92 billion tonnes in 2017 - accounts for half of the world’s planet-heating greenhouse gas emissions and over 90 percent of the world’s biodiversity loss, the Global Resources Outlook 2019 found. If resource use doubles by 2060, as predicted based on current trends, a further 10 percent of forests and 20 percent of habitats, such as grasslands, will disappear, it said. “The Global Resources Outlook shows that we are ploughing through this planet’s finite resources as if there is no tomorrow, causing climate change and biodiversity loss along the way,” said Joyce Msyua, acting head of UN Environment. “Frankly, there will be no tomorrow for many people unless we stop,” said Mysua of the agency formerly known as the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP). The findings were released at the U.N. Environment Assembly, a five-day summit where ministers plan to commit to create a more sustainable planet - from reducing food waste and plastic pollution to developing technologies to combat climate change. Experts said they were surprised by the heavy contribution resource extraction was making to climate change and warned that carbon emissions could increase by about 40 percent by 2060 if the business-as-usual scenario continued. Without more responsible, efficient natural resource management, they said, achieving global targets on climate change like the Paris Agreement and or Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on protecting biodiversity would be difficult. The Paris climate agreement, adopted by almost 200 nations in 2015, set a goal of limiting warming to “well below” a rise of 2 degrees Celcius above pre-industrial times. “These are tremendously high numbers,” said Stefanie Hellwerg, one author of the report by the U.N.’s International Resource Panel, which monitors global natural resource flows. “It shows us that commitments such as the Paris Agreement or the SDGs on biodiversity, will be very challenging to meet. We need action immediately.” Experts called for increased regulation on resource extraction and more investment to develop alternatives. “We need to develop innovative solutions on how to make the same products with less natural resources or through replacing them with different materials,” said Bruno Oberle, one of the report’s authors. “We should also look at making natural resources more expensive by imposing a tax as this will provide pressure to use them more efficiently.” Reporting by Nita Bhalla @nitabhalla, Editing by Katy Migiro. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's and LGBT+ rights, human trafficking, property rights and climate change. Visit news.trust.org | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Google employees protest Pentagon partnership to CEO Sundar Pichai
Google employees wrote a letter to their boss, CEO Sundar Pichai, urging that the tech giant to not be involved in creating technology that will potentially be used for warfare. "We believe that Google should not be in the business of war," reads the letter, which was obtained by The New York Times and published Wednesday. The letter, which is currently being circulated on an internal communication server among Google employees and has been for "several weeks," has collected 3,100 signatures so far, according to the Times. Employees are upset about a partnership between Google and the United States Department of Defense called Project Maven. The conflict was first reported by Gizmodo in March. Project Maven involves Google developing artificial intelligence surveillance to help the military analyze video footage captured by U.S. government drones "to detect vehicles and other objects, track their motions, and provide results to the Department of Defense," the letter explains. Google employees want Pichai to formally end the partnership. "We ask that Project Maven be cancelled, and that Google draft, publicize and enforce a clear policy stating that neither Google nor its contractors will ever build warfare technology," the letter states. Google employees are concerned that the tech giant's involvement in the development of the technology will hurt the company's reputation. "This plan will irreparably damage Google's brand and its ability to compete for talent. Amid growing fears of biased and weaponized AI, Google is already struggling to keep the public's trust," the letter says. "Google's unique history, its motto Don't Be Evil, and its direct reach into the lives of billions of users set it apart." Google says it encourages its employees to speak up, and it is addressing the issue. "An important part of our culture is having employees who are actively engaged in the work that we do," a Google spokesperson tells CNBC Make It. "Any military use of machine learning naturally raises valid concerns. We're actively engaged across the company in a comprehensive discussion of this important topic and also with outside experts, as we continue to develop our policies around the development and use of our machine learning technologies," Google says. The letter does mention an internal meeting about Project Maven during which Google Cloud CEO Diane Greene allayed some of the employees' specific fears, but they are still worried about unintended consequences. "Recently, Googlers voiced concerns about Maven internally. Diane Greene responded, assuring them that the technology will not 'operate or fly drones' and 'will not be used to launch weapons.' While this eliminates a narrow set of direct applications, the technology is being built for the military, and once it's delivered it could easily be used to assist in these tasks," the letter states. Despite the reference to the meeting in the letter, a Google spokesperson told The New York Times that "most" of the protest signatures were collected before the company had a chance to explain its involvement with Project Maven. Further, Google says the work it is doing on Project Maven is going to help people, not hurt them. "Maven is a well publicized DoD project and Google is working on one part of it — specifically scoped to be for non-offensive purposes and using open-source object recognition software available to any Google Cloud customer. The models are based on unclassified data only. The technology is used to flag images for human review and is intended to save lives and save people from having to do highly tedious work," Google says in its statement to CNBC Make it. Still, for thousands of Google employees, any involvement with the Department of Defense is too dangerous. "We cannot outsource the moral responsibility of our technologies to third parties. Google's stated values make this clear: Every one of our users is trusting us. Never jeopardize that. Ever, " the letter says. "This contract puts Google's reputation at risk and stands in direct opposition to our core values. Building this technology to assist the US Government in military surveillance — and potentially lethal outcomes — is not acceptable." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Koponen
Koponen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kuikka-Koponen (1833–1890), Finnish illusionist and magician
* Albin Koponen (1881–1944), Finnish sheet metal worker and politician
* Aulis Koponen (1906–1978), Finnish international footballer
* Niilo Koponen (1928–2013), American education and politician
* Timo Koponen (born 1942), Finnish diplomat
* Hannu Koponen (born 1959), Finnish ski-orienteering competitor
* Ari Koponen (born 1982), Finnish politician
* Ari Koponen (speedway rider) (1959–2018), Finnish speedway rider
* Noora Koponen (born 1983), Finnish politician
* Ville-Matti Koponen (born 1984), Finnish professional ice hockey forward
* Marlo Koponen (born 1986), Finnish ice hockey defenceman
* Petteri Koponen (born 1988), Finnish professional basketball player
* Suvi Koponen (born 1988), Finnish fashion model
* Jere Koponen (born 1992), Finnish football goalkeeper | WIKI |
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Valenciennes
The musée des beaux-arts de Valenciennes is a municipal museum in the French town of Valenciennes. Its collections originated as the collection of the Académie valenciennoise de peinture et de sculpture. It opened to the public for the first time in 1801 and was moved into the town hall in 1834.
A competition to design a new building was held at the end of the 19th century, won by Paul Dusart. The new building was opened on 27 June 1909 and in 1995 was totally renovated and the display space expanded, with the addition of a basement displaying archaeological remains and artefacts.
As well as paintings, it includes several sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827–1875), born in the town, as well as a prints and drawings department and
Paintings
Much of the collection is by Flemish artists, though also includes some French and other artists. It dates from the Middle Ages to the 20th century:
* Flemish and Dutch painting - Primitives to 17th century
* 15th and 16th centuries - works by Jan Provoost, Joos van Cleve, The Banker and His Wife after Marinus van Reymerswale, Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Maerten de Vos, Jan Sanders van Hemessen and Frans Pourbus the Elder as well as many anonymous works
* 17th century - works by Jan Brueghel the Elder, Frans Pourbus the Younger, Paul Rubens, Antony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Adriaen Brouwer, Gaspard de Crayer, David Teniers the Younger, Frans Snyders, Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts, Willem Kalf, Hendrick van Balen, Adriaen van Utrecht, Peter Lely, Jan Davidsz de Heem, Jacob van Es, Abraham Janssens, Pieter Snayers, Pieter Neefs the Elder, Jan Boeckhorst, Jacques D'arthois and Abraham Willaerts
* French painting - works by Charles Mellin, Meiffren Conte, Sébastien Bourdon, Noël Nicolas Coypel, Antoine Watteau (born in the town) and his family, Jean-Baptiste Pater, François de Troy, Nicolas Lancret, François Boucher (Pastoral Scene), Charles André van Loo, Henri Harpignies, Hubert Robert, Camille Pissarro and Georges Rouault
* Italian painting - a few works, notably including Ruins by Giovanni Paolo Pannini.
Selected works
* Descent from the Cross, Peter Paul Rubens, oil on canvas (17th century)
* Saint Stephen Triptych (formed of The Martyrdom of St Stephen, The Preaching of St Stephen, The Annunciation and The Angel of the Annunciation) by Peter Paul Rubens, oil on canvas and panel (1600–1650).
* Elijah and the Angel in the Desert and The Triumph of the Catholic Faith (from The Triumph of the Eucharist cycle), Peter Paul Rubens, oil on canvas (1626–1628).
* Still Life with Ham, Jacob van Es, oil on canvas (17th century).
* Herminius in the Shepherds’ Home, Olivier Le May, oil on canvas, 1785.
* Landscape with Rainbow, Peter Paul Rubens and studio, oil on canvas (17th century).
* Saint Paul, Antony van Dyck, oil on panel (1600–1650).
* Saint Matthew, Antony van Dyck, oil on panel (1600–1650).
* True Gaiety by Jean Antoine Watteau, oil on panel.
* Two Figures from a Fêtes Galante by Jean Antoine Watteau, red chalk drawing.
* The Happy Dover by Louis Watteau de Lille, oil on panel.
* The Siege of Beauvais in 1472 by François Watteau de Lille, oil on canvas (1799).
* Self-Portrait of 1806 by Alexandre Abel de Pujol, oil on canvas.
* The Spaniard by Carolus-Duran, oil on canvas (1870).
* The Reinterment at Montretoux by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, oil on canvas (1871).
* Sunset by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, oil on canvas (1872).
* Self-Portrait, known as Carpeaux Crying for Sadness by Jean-aptiste Carpeaux, oil on canvas (1874).
* Vallée de l'Aumance by Henri Joseph Harpignies, oil on canvas (1875).
* Nudes in a Landscape by Émile Bernard, oil on canvas (1890).
* Le Duel by Alphonse Chigot, oil on canvas (1908). | WIKI |
Fiji wattled honeyeater
The Fiji wattled honeyeater (Foulehaio taviunensis) or northern wattled honeyeater, is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. It was considered conspecific with the Polynesian wattled honeyeater and the kikau.
The species is endemic to Fiji. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, tropical mangrove forests, and tropical moist montane forest. | WIKI |
PDA
View Full Version : How to add Multiple radio button and checkbox in grid row.
mayurbhuva
7 Sep 2011, 12:47 AM
Hi,
In extjs How add Mulitiple radio button and Checkbox in gridview row.
Thankyou
skirtle
8 Sep 2011, 1:18 AM
It depends on exactly what you want but you'd almost certainly use a renderer on the relevant columns. One option would be to just render suitable HTML input elements. Another option would be to renderer images of radio buttons and checkboxes, possibly using an actioncolumn.
mayurbhuva
8 Sep 2011, 6:19 AM
thanks for your quick replay all time,
here i haveExt js Grid.
In which i have 2 field. from first field multiple radio button and second field multiple checkbox.
in radio button field i have 2 button and in checkbox i have 4 field.
How can i display it in form i did it but in grid view how to display this both button
thanks..
skirtle
8 Sep 2011, 10:12 AM
I see 3 options.
Render them as HTML input elements.
Render them as images and fake the functionality. See: http://dev.sencha.com/deploy/ext-4.0.2a/examples/grid/cell-editing.html
Inject ExtJS component after the grid is rendered. Some care must be taken to manage the lifecycles of these components.
To use the injection approach you'd listen on a suitable event of the grid then grab cells for the rows and inject components using either renderTo or the render() method. Another way might be to extend Column. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
[Distutils] The future of invoking pip
Nathaniel Smith njs at pobox.com
Tue Nov 10 19:22:06 EST 2015
On Tue, Nov 10, 2015 at 3:29 PM, James Bennett <ubernostrum at gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 9, 2015 at 3:41 PM, Chris Barker <chris.barker at noaa.gov> wrote:
>>
>> pip is a special case -- for MOST python command line tools, the user does
>> not care which python it is running with -- if it works, it works.
>>
>> the failure case we are trying to address here is when "pip install" works
>> sjtu fine -- it finds and installs the package into the python pip is
>> associated with -- it just doesn't do what the user wants and expects!
>
>
> I still feel like it's just kicking the problem down the line. Switching
> from 'pip install' to 'python -m pip install' doesn't actually solve the
> issue of how easy we've made it for people to create non-functional Python
> installations (non-functional in the sense that they will mysteriously "work
> but not really work"). All this switch does is hand the problem over to the
> *next* tool the user happens to invoke. So "pip is special" doesn't really
> work as a rebuttal, at least to me.
There are lots of ways that Python installations can be broken. As
another example, I helped someone today whose bug report turned out to
boil down to: they used 'pip install' to upgrade a package, and got
upgraded .py files, but somehow their old .pyc files were still around
and in use, so they were still seeing bugs from the old version. The
solution was to manually delete all the .pyc files [1]. No idea how
they managed that, it has nothing to do with this thread, it's just an
example of how infinitely weird installation/configuration problems
get out at the long tail. Python's installed base is large enough that
one-in-a-million cases happen every day...
What's special about pip is that it totally violates DRY: for a
functional python installation, each way of spawning a python
interpreter needs to have a corresponding stub script to spawn pip,
and the shebang line of that stub script has to point to the
corresponding python interpreter. If any part of this complex
assemblage gets out of sync or missing, then your installation is
broken.
(Very few tools have this kind of consistency requirement, because
very few tools are as tightly tied to a single python environment as
pip is -- who cares which virtualenv hg runs out of, it does the same
thing either way. Also, if you do discover that some virtualenv is
missing a script that it should have, then the way to fix that is...
run pip. Kinda a problem if the missing script *is* pip.)
I totally get why people dislike the ergonomics of 'python -m pip',
but we can also acknowledge that it does solve a real technical
problem: it strictly reduces the number of things that can go wrong,
in a tool that's down at the base of the stack.
-n
[1] https://groups.google.com/d/msg/pystatsmodels/KcSzNqDxv-Q/CCim-Tz_BwAJ
--
Nathaniel J. Smith -- http://vorpus.org
More information about the Distutils-SIG mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Aurélien Gâteau
Dependency diagrams for KDE Frameworks 5
written on Thursday, December 5, 2013
For a long time we have been missing diagrams for KDE Frameworks, to make it easier to grasp the dependencies of the various frameworks. Since I like working with images I decided to tackle on this.
I did some research and found out CMake comes with a --graphviz option to generate .dot files, which can then be fed to the dot tool from Graphviz to generate pngs, svgs or other formats.
Armed with this, I put together two scripts :
• kf5dot-prepare runs cmake --graphviz on all frameworks, generating .dot files,
• kf5dot-generate then massage the .dot files, aggregate them and generate new .dot files which can then be piped to dot for final rendering.
My initial goal was to generate one diagram showing all the frameworks, but this is way too messy, so I ended up extending kf5dot-generate to be more versatile. Right now the output can be customized to generate a diagram of all the dependencies of one framework, to include or not Qt libraries, and to show or hide targets within frameworks.
I also used tred, another tool from Graphviz, to remove unnecessary links. For example if you have this graph definition:
digraph G {
A -> B -> C # A depends on B, which depends on C
A -> C # A depends on C
}
You get this output:
Without tred
With tred, the link from A to C is removed, since you can already go from A to C through B:
With tred
This helps making dense diagrams more readable, but it also hides some dependencies. Depending on the reason you are looking at the diagrams, it may or may not be a problem.
Examples
Here is a selection of the generated diagrams. The "simplified" versions have been run through tred.
Some tier 1 frameworks
Mostly useful to check which Qt libraries they use:
KWindowSystem
KWindowSystem
Solid
Solid
Some tier 2 frameworks
KAuth
KAuth
KCompletion
KCompletion
KJobWidgets
KJobWidgets
Some tier 3 frameworks
To reduce clutter I removed the Qt libraries for tier 3 frameworks.
Some of them are readable:
KDESu
KDESu
KIconThemes
KIconThemes
Others are too crowded unless they are simplified:
KIO
KIO
Simplified:
KIO, simplified
KCMUtils
KCMUtils
Simplified:
KCMUtils, simplified
All of KF5
The big, crowded, overall diagram (and this is the simplified version!):
KF5
Useful .dot files
I took some extra care to ensure the generated .dot files are readable enough to be useful even if the resulting diagram is not: the code is correctly indented and relations are placed close to their relevant targets. For example, here is the .dot file for all frameworks: kf5.dot.
Under the hood
The scripts currently live in a git repository: kde:scratch/gateau/kf5dot. kf5dot-prepare is a shell script. kf5dot-generate is written in Python and uses yapgvb, a Python lib to read .dot files.
What's next
In the long term I would like to include these tools in our API documentation generation procedure so that when you browse the API of a framework on api.kde.org you get a diagram of its dependencies.
Flattr this
This post was tagged cmake, graphviz, kde and python
blog comments powered by Disqus | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
WECA-LP
WECA-LP is an American low-power FM radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to serve the community of Palm Bay, Florida on the frequency of 105.7 MHz. The station license is assigned to New Birth F. Baptist Church, Inc. WECA-LP airs a Christian radio format.
The FCC first licensed this station to begin operations on March 14, 2016, using callsign WECA-LP; the station's call sign had been assigned on May 13, 2015. | WIKI |
UNITED STATES of America ex rel. Walter M. DRAKE, Plaintiff, v. NSI, INC., f/k/a Norden Systems, Inc. and United Technologies Corporation, Defendants.
No. 3:94-cv-963 (WWE).
United States District Court, D. Connecticut.
Aug. 26, 2010.
Order Denying Leave to Appeal Oct. 1, 2010.
David S. Golub, Jonathan M. Levine, Silver, Golub & Teitell, Gary Edward Phelan, Outten & Golden, Stamford, CT, Joseph Michael Lewis, Greenwich, CT, Alan M. Soloway, U.S. Attorney’s Office, New Haven, CT, for Plaintiff.
Alan W. H. Gourley, Brian C. Elmer, Richard L. Beizer, Crowell & Moring, Washington, DC, James T. Cowdery, Thomas J. Murphy, Cowdery, Ecker & Murphy, Hartford, CT, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OF DECISION ON MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION AND MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT
WARREN W. EGINTON, Senior District Judge.
Relator Walter M. Drake has filed two motions. First, he moves for reconsideration on the Court’s prior dismissal of his third claim for relief based on the former 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(7) & (2) against defendant United Technologies Corporation (“UTC”) (Doc. #204). Second, he seeks leave to amend his complaint to assert a claim for recovery against UTC pursuant to 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(B) (Doc. # 203). For the reasons which follow, the motion for reconsideration will be granted. Upon reconsideration, the Court will permit relator Drake to assert a claim under the former 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(2), which has been recodified as 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(B). The motion for leave to amend the complaint will be denied as moot.
BACKGROUND
I. Allegations in the Complaint
The underlying factual allegations and the identities of the parties are set forth in the Court’s September 20, 2007 ruling as well as its previous rulings. Therefore, the Court will not repeat them here.
II. Procedural History
Relator Walter M. Drake commenced this qui tam action with the filing of a complaint under seal on June 14, 1994 (Doc. # 1). His claims were made under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729 et seq. (“FCA”). On June 2, 1997, the United States declined to intervene (Doc. #27), and the Court ordered the complaint unsealed and served upon defendants (Doc. # 28). On July 7, 1997, Drake filed an amended complaint (Doc. #29) which was then served upon defendants.
On September 15, 1997, defendants moved pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 9(b) and 12(b)(6) to dismiss the first amended complaint (Doc. #40). Instead of filing an opposition to the motion, Drake filed a second amended complaint on December 17, 1997 (Doc. # 53). In this complaint, Drake asserted claims under (I) FCA § 3729(a)(1) & (2) against Norden; (ii) FCA § 3729(a)(7) & (2) against Nor-den; (iii) FCA § 3729(a)(7) & (2) against UTC; and (iv) FCA § 3729(a)(3) for conspiracy against Norden and UTC.
Defendants moved to dismiss the second amended complaint on January 27, 1998 (Doc. # 62). On the same day, Drake moved for partial summary judgment (Doc. # 64). Defendants opposed Drake’s motion and cross-moved for partial summary judgment (Doc. # 90). Drake asserts that prior to the Court issuing an opinion on the motion to dismiss, the parties conducted voluminous discovery.
On August 24, 2000, the Court dismissed Drake’s claim against defendant UTC under FCA § 3729(a)(2) with prejudice on the grounds that any false statements in UTC’s Disclosure Statements and Present Responsibility Agreement (“PRA”) reports were not “necessary antecedents to a claim for payment, and because the contracts did not certify that costs billed were allowable, alleged falsity contained in these documerits is not actionable under FCA § 3729(a)(2).” The Court also dismissed Drake’s “reverse false claim” under FCA § 3729(a)(7) against UTC with prejudice because there were no fixed or existing obligations to the government. Finally, the Court dismissed without prejudice Drake’s conspiracy claim against both defendants. The Court permitted Drake sixty days to file an amended complaint; Drake did not do so.
On July 25, 2001, the Court issued a ruling on the parties’ cross-motions for partial summary judgment, granting defendants’ motion and denying Drake’s motion (Doc. # 119).
On January 31, 2002, the Court issued a notice stating that “[ujnless satisfactory explanation of why [this case] should not be dismissed is submitted to the Court within twenty (20) days of the date of this notice, it will be dismissed” (Doc. # 120). On February 19, 2002, Drake filed a third amended complaint (Doc. # 122). Defendants then moved to strike the third amended complaint and to dismiss the case for failure to prosecute under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). Finding that Drake had failed to properly prosecute his case, the Court dismissed the case with prejudice on February 19, 2003. The Court noted that:
Drake’s Third Amended Complaint does lack certain indicia of substantive compliance. For example, Drake’s Third Amended Complaint so closely resembles his Second Amended Complaint with respect to those claims dismissed by the Court in its August 24, 2000 ruling that the Court questions whether Drake’s filing in response to the Rule 16 Notice sacrificed compliance with the substance of the Court’s earlier order for expediency brought on by the threat of dismissal.
Feb. 19, 2003 Ruling, 2003 WL 925437 at *3 n. 4, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3044 at *11 n. 4.
Drake subsequently moved for reconsideration under Rules 59(e) and 60(b); the Court denied Drake’s motion on June 17, 2003, 2003 WL 23319386 (Doc. # 154).
Drake appealed. On appeal, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed “that the circumstances were sufficiently egregious or that Drake’s actions were so contumacious as to warrant dismissal of his entire complaint.” United States ex rel. Drake v. Norden Sys., 375 F.3d 248, 251 (2d Cir.2004). The Court of Appeals, however, affirmed the dismissal of those claims that had previously been dismissed without prejudice, but reversed the dismissal of all claims that had not previously been dismissed at any stage. As a result, only Norden remained a defendant in the case, and Drake’s claims under FCA § 3729(a)(3) against both defendants and under FCA § 3729(a)(7) against UTC were dismissed.
On February 10, 2005, the Court issued an order granting defendants’ request that Drake file an amended complaint within sixty days following the close of certain limited discovery (Doc. # 165). Drake filed a fourth amended complaint on October 6, 2005 (Doc. # 167); defendants filed a motion to dismiss based on Drake’s failure to comply with the Court’s February 10 order. Specifically, defendants pointed to Drake’s inclusion of allegations that had been previously dismissed and new allegations and theories of liability. The Court, on September 20, 2007, granted the motion to dismiss (Doc. # 184) for failure to prosecute pursuant to Rule 41(b). See Ruling on Defendant’s Rule 41(b) Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Comply with the Court’s February 10, 2005 Order and Relator’s Motion for an Evidentiary Hearing, 2007 WL 2782525, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 69994 (D.Conn. Sept. 20, 2007).
The Court of Appeals subsequently reversed the Court’s dismissal, finding the sanction of dismissal to be overly harsh in this matter. See Drake v. Norden Sys., 320 Fed.Appx. 1 (2d Cir.2009). By its ruling, the Court of Appeals reinstated Drake’s fourth amended complaint.
Drake’s instant motions are addressed to the Court’s ruling of August 24, 2000. Specifically, Drake requests that the Court reconsider its ruling dismissing count three which alleged that UTC violated FCA § 3729(a)(7) & (2) of the FCA in light of Congress’s passage of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 (“FERA”), P.L. 111-21, § 4(a), 123 Stat. 1621 (May 20, 2009). Alternatively, Drake seeks leave to amend his complaint to assert a new claim under the revised sections of the FCA.
DISCUSSION
I. Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s Ruling Dismissing Relator’s Claim Under Section 3729(a)(2)
A motion for reconsideration may be based solely upon “matters or controlling decisions which counsel believes the Court overlooked in the initial decision or order.” Local R. Civ. P. 7(c)(1). An intervening change in controlling law is one ground that would justify granting a motion for reconsideration. Virgin Atl. Airways, Ltd. v. Nat’l Mediation Bd., 956 F.2d 1245, 1255 (2d Cir.1992). The movant’s burden is made weighty to avoid “wasteful repetition of arguments already briefed, considered and decided.” Weissman v. Fruchtman, 124 F.R.D. 559, 560 (S.D.N.Y.1989).
Whether Drake’s claim under FCA § 3729(a)(7) & (2) can be revived depends on the resolution of two questions. First, is Drake permitted to seek reconsideration of a ruling entered ten years ago in light of Congress’s passage of a new statute? Second, do the provisions of FERA apply to this action in which the alleged conduct occurred more than fifteen years ago?
A. Reconsidering Previous Dismissal
As a threshold matter, the Court must determine whether it has the power to reinstate Drake’s claims that were originally asserted under FCA § 3729(a)(7) & (2).
Drake’s motion is made under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b), which permits the court to revise an order that adjudicates fewer than all the claims at issue at any time before entry of judgment. As the Court of Appeals has stated with regard to Rule 54(b) and the “law of the case” doctrine:
As most commonly defined, the doctrine of law of the case posits that when a court decides upon a rule of law, that decision should generally continue to govern the same issues in subsequent stages in the same case.
Arizona v. California, 460 U.S. 605, 618, 103 S.Ct. 1382, 75 L.Ed.2d 318 (1983). Despite this, the application of the law of the case doctrine depends on the context, and the court’s prior rulings “are subject to revision by that court at any time before the entry of final judgment....” Rezzonico v. H & R Block, Inc., 182 F.3d 144, 148-149 (2d Cir.1999). The law of the case doctrine does not prevent a court from reconsidering its own decision prior to entry of final judgment. See Arizona v. California, 460 U.S. 605, 618, 103 S.Ct. 1382, 75 L.Ed.2d 318 (1983) (“Law of the case directs a court’s discretion, it does not limit the tribunal’s power.”); see also McNulty v. Reddy Ice Holdings, Inc., 2009 WL 2168231, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 61517 (E.D.Mich. July 17, 2009) (reversing itself and reinstating previously dismissed claims on Rule 54(b) motion in light of change in controlling law).
The court may reconsider its ruling in light of an intervening change of controlling law. Virgin Atl. Airways, 956 F.2d at 1255. In this matter, Congress amended the False Claims Act in a manner that has the potential to directly affect Drake’s claims. Therefore, there is an intervening change of controlling law that would permit the Court to reconsider its ruling dismissing Drake’s claim. Drake’s motion for reconsideration will be granted.
B. Application of FERA
The question then becomes whether FERA applies to Drake’s claim. FERA provides:
Date and Application.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 20, 2009] and shall apply to conduct on or after the date of enactment, except that [31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(B) ], as added by subsection (а)(1), shall take effect as if enacted on June 7, 2008, and apply to all claims under the False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729 et seq.) that are pending on or after that date.
FERA § 4(f)(1).
1. Claim Under Former Section 3729(a)(7)
FCA § 3729(a)(7) was recodified as FCA § 3729(a)(1)(G). United States ex rel. Lusby v. Rolls-Royce Corp., 570 F.3d 849, 855 n. * (7th Cir.2009). FERA does not affect plaintiffs claim under the former FCA § 3729(a)(7) as FERA neither altered the substantive elements of a claim nor applied the former FERA § 3729(a)(7) retroactively to the conduct at issue in this case. As such, Drake’s dismissed claim cannot be revived by FERA. The Court is not persuaded by the legislative history that Drake cites in support of his position when the statutory text is clear. See Perriello v. Napolitano, 579 F.3d 135, 143 (2d Cir.2009) (“When a statute is unambiguous, we are bound by the clear intent of Congress.”).
2. Claim Under FCA § 3729(a)(2)
As to Drake’s claim under FCA § 3729(a)(2), the law is less clear. Specifically, courts have disagreed on how the word “claims” should be construed in FERA § 4(f)(1), which makes FCA § 3729(a)(1)(B) applicable to “all claims under the False Claims Act ... that are pending on or after [June 7, 2008]” (emphasis added). The dispute on the definition of the word “claims” concerns whether “claims” refers to “claims” in the sense of “cases” before a court or “claims” as defined in the FCA as “any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property and whether or not the United States has title to the money or property....” See United States ex rel. Baker v. Cmty. Health Sys., 709 F.Supp.2d 1084, 1107 (D.N.M.2010) (addressing the different interpretations of the word “claims”); FCA § 3729(b)(2)(A) (defining “claim”). Further clouding this issue is the fact that FERA § 4(f)(2), by its language, applies to “cases” pending on the date of the action. Therefore, if FERA § 4(f)(2) applies to “cases,” how can FERA § 4(f)(1) define “claims” to mean “cases”?
Courts answering this question have come out on both sides of the debate. Compare, e.g., United States ex rel. Westrick v. Second Chance Body Armor, Inc., 685 F.Supp.2d 129, 140 (D.D.C.2010) (applying FERA § 4(f)(1) to case pending as of June 7, 2008); United States ex rel. Walner v. NorthShore Univ. Healthsystem, 660 F.Supp.2d 891, 895 n. 3 (N.D.Ill.2009) (same); with Hopper v. Solvay Pharms., Inc., 588 F.3d 1318, 1327 n. 3 (11th Cir.2009) (finding that FERA does not apply retroactively because no claims, as defined by FCA, were pending as of June 7, 2008); United States ex rel. Carpenter v. Abbott Labs., Inc., 723 F.Supp.2d 395, 402 & n. 15, 2010 WL 2802686, *5 & n. 15, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71906, *18-19 & n. 15 (D.Mass. July 16, 2010) (holding FERA § 4(f)(1) applies only to demands pending as of effective date); United States v. Sci. Applications Int’l Corp., 653 F.Supp.2d 87, 106-107 (D.D.C.2009). The Abbott Labs court, in fact, was highly critical of decisions equating “claims” and “cases,” stating “the cases which have held the opposite (that ‘claims’ means FCA lawsuits) contain no analysis that refutes the well-reasoned views of the majority.” Abbott Labs, 723 F.Supp.2d at 402 & n. 15, 2010 WL 2802686 at *5 & n. 15, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71906 at *19 & n. 15 (citing cases).
The Second Circuit Court of Appeals has recently entered the fray. In United States ex rel. Kirk v. Schindler Elevator Corp., the Court of Appeals ruled, without significant discussion, that “claims” under FERA § 4(f)(1) referred to “cases.” 601 F.3d 94 (2d Cir.2010). In Kirk, the relator alleged that his employer had failed to file reports required under Veterans Employment Opportunities Act from 1998 until 2004 and filed false reports between 2004 and 2006. Relator had commenced suit in March 2005. The Court of Appeals stated:
In 2009, Congress passed [FERA], which amended and renumbered these provisions as §§ 3729(a)(1)(A) and (a)(1)(B), respectively.... The amendment to § 3729(a)(2) ... was made retroactive to June 7, 2008, applicable to “all claims under the False Claims Act ... that [were] pending on or after that date.” Because Kirk’s claim was filed in March 2005, and was pending as of June 7, 2008, the potentially applicable provision[ ] in this case [is] ... current § 3729(a)(1)(B), establishing liability for “knowingly mak[ing], us[ing], or causing] to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim.”
Kirk, 601 F.3d at 113.
In this Circuit, therefore, FERA § 4(f)(1) applies to “claims” in the sense of cases before a court. Because this case was pending as of June 7, 2008, Drake may assert a cause of action under the amended FCA.
The Court is not persuaded by defendants’ argument that Kirk has little precedential force because the Court of Appeals’ opinion lacks indicia of a dispute as to the interpretation of FERA § 4(f)(1). Even if defendants were correct, this Court could not ignore the clear holding of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals because this Court is bound by that ruling. See Ithaca College v. NLRB, 623 F.2d 224, 228 (2d Cir.1980) (“[District courts and other inferior courts are bound by decisions of the Court of Appeals in the appropriate circuit unless overruled by an intervening Supreme Court decision or other change in law.”); see also Medwig v. Long Island R.R., 2007 WL 1659201, *4, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42001, *11 (S.D.N.Y. June 6, 2007) (“It is settled law that a district court in this Circuit is bound by such decisions unless and until they have been overruled by the Supreme Court or the law is otherwise changed.”). There has been no Supreme Court ruling or intervening change of law that would permit the Court to stray from the binding precedent of Kirk. Therefore, the Court will adhere to that ruling.
3. Application Ex Post Facto Clause
UTC argues that application of the revised FCA would violate the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Constitution. U.S. Const. art. I, § 9, cl. 3. Under the Ex Post Facto Clause, the government may not “enact a law that punishes an act that was innocent prior to the enactment....” Hobbs v. County of Westchester, 397 F.3d 133, 157 (2d Cir.2005). The Ex Post Facto Clause applies only to criminal punishments and in civil cases “where the civil disabilities disguise criminal penalties.” Louis Vuitton S.A. v. Spencer Handbags Corp., 765 F.2d 966, 972 (2d Cir.1985); see also DeVeau v. Braisted, 363 U.S. 144, 160, 80 S.Ct. 1146, 4 L.Ed.2d 1109 (1960) (plurality opinion of Frankfurter, J.) (“The mark of an ex post facto law is the imposition of what can fairly be designated punishment for past acts.”).
To determine whether the Clause applies, the court must determine whether (1) the law is retrospective and applies to conduct that occurred before its enactment; and (2) the law disadvantages af-
fected parties. United States v. Kilkenny, 493 F.3d 122, 127 (2d Cir.2007). In addressing the Ex Post Facto Clause’s application in civil matters, the Supreme Court has stated with regard to the court’s inquiry:
The framework for our inquiry, however, is well established. We must ascertain whether the legislature meant the statute to establish ‘civil’ proceedings. If the intention of the legislature was to impose punishment, that ends the inquiry. If, however, the intention was to enact a regulatory scheme that is civil and nonpunitive, we must further examine whether the statutory scheme is so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate the State’s intention to deem it ‘civil.’ Because we ordinarily defer to the legislature’s stated intent, only the clearest proof will suffice to override legislative intent and transform what has been denominated a civil remedy into a criminal penalty.
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84, 92, 123 S.Ct. 1140, 155 L.Ed.2d 164 (2003).
The court’s first responsibility in deciding whether the Ex Post Facto Clause applies is to determine whether Congress intended the FERA amendments to be civil or criminal in nature. This determination of the nature of the statutorily-defined punishments is initially a matter of statutory construction. See One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United States, 409 U.S. 232, 237, 93 S.Ct. 489, 34 L.Ed.2d 438 (1972).
Historically, courts examining the FCA have not found it to be punitive. In such instances, the amendments would not implicate Ex Post Facto Clause concerns. For example, the Supreme Court has held that the FCA did not implicate double jeopardy concerns under the Fifth Amendment. See United States ex rel. Marcus v. Hess, 317 U.S. 537, 549, 63 S.Ct. 379, 87 L.Ed. 443 (1943). In reviewing its prior precedent, the Supreme Court has commented that “proceedings and penalties under the civil False Claims Act are indeed civil in nature, and that a civil remedy does not rise to the level of ‘punishment’ merely because Congress provided for civil recovery in excess of the Government’s actual damages.... ” United States v. Halper, 490 U.S. 435, 442, 109 S.Ct. 1892, 104 L.Ed.2d 487 (1989); United States ex rel Stevens v. State of Vermont, 162 F.3d 195, 207 (2d Cir.1998).
Courts within the Second Circuit have adhered to the idea that the FCA does not implicate constitutional protections that apply in criminal proceedings. In United States v. Inc. Vill. of Island Park, the court found that the Excessive Fines Clause did not apply to a judgment under the FCA because such judgment was “entirely remedial.” 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88677, *18 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2008). In United States v. Lamanna, the court held that the Double Jeopardy Clause did not apply under FCA. 114 F.Supp.2d 193, 198 (W.D.N.Y.2000); see also United States ex rel. Colucci v. Beth Israel Med. Ctr., 603 F.Supp.2d 677 (S.D.N.Y.2009) (finding that because qui tarn actions under the FCA are primarily remedial, they survive death of relator).
To be sure, the Supreme Court has recognized the punitive nature of the FCA. See Vt. Agency of Natural Res. v. United States ex rel. Stevens, 529 U.S. 765, 785, 120 S.Ct. 1858, 146 L.Ed.2d 836 (2000) (recognizing that FCA “imposes damages that are essentially punitive in nature”). In Cook County v. United States ex rel. Chandler, the Supreme Court retreated from this conclusion, stating:
To begin with it is important to realize that treble damages have a compensatory side, serving remedial purposes in addition to punitive objectives. While the tipping point between pay-back and punishment defies general formulation, being dependent on the workings of a particular statute and the course of particular litigation, the facts about the FCA show that the damages multiplier has compensatory traits along with the punitive.
538 U.S. 119, 130, 123 S.Ct. 1239, 155 L.Ed.2d 247 (2003); see also Colucci, 603 F.Supp.2d at 680.
In addition, the FCA is a civil statute codified in title 31 of the United States Code, not a criminal statute codified in title 18. Moreover, FCA § 3730, which governs the procedures by which the Attorney General and private individuals can bring causes of action under section 3729 is titled “Civil actions for false claims.”
Finally, the legislative history of the 1986 and 2009 amendments to the FCA underscores the law as a civil statute. Congress referred to FERA as “one of the most potent civil tools” to stop fraud. S. Rep. 110-10, at 4 (2009); see also S. Rep. 99-345, 11, 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 5266, 5276 (“The statute is a remedial one. It is intended to protect the Treasury against the hungry and unscrupulous host that encompasses it on every side ....”) (citing Marcus, 317 U.S. at 543, n. 5, 63 S.Ct. 379).
Defendants point to the decision in United States ex rel. Sanders v. Allison Engine Co., in which the district court found that the FCA was so punitive as to raise ex post facto concerns. See 667 F.Supp.2d 747 (S.D.Ohio 2009); accord Baker, 709 F.Supp.2d at *1109-*1112 (finding that retroactive application of the FERA amendments would violate the Ex Post Facto Clause). The Court does not find these opinions persuasive on this point in light of the historical view of the FCA and the relevant legislative history.
A finding that the FCA is civil in nature does not end the inquiry. “Even in those cases where the legislature has indicated an intention to establish a civil penalty,” the court must determine whether “the statutory scheme was so punitive either in purpose or effect as to transform what was clearly intended as a civil remedy into a criminal penalty.” Hudson v. United States, 522 U.S. 93, 99, 118 S.Ct. 488, 139 L.Ed.2d 450 (1997). To determine if a statute is so punitive in nature as to transform a civil penalty into a criminal remedy, courts have looked to the seven factors listed in Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144, 83 S.Ct. 554, 9 L.Ed.2d 644 (1963). See Hudson, 522 U.S. at 99, 118 S.Ct. 488; Lamanna, 114 F.Supp.2d at 197-98. These factors are:
(1) whether the sanction involves an affirmative disability or restraint; (2) whether it has historically been regarded as a punishment; (3) whether it comes into play only on a finding of scienter; (4) whether its operation will promote the traditional aims of punishment — retribution and deterrence; (5) whether the behavior to which it applies is already a crime; (6) whether an alternative purpose to which it may rationally be connected is assignable for it; and (7) whether it appears excessive in relation to the alternative purpose assigned. It is important to note, however, that these factors must be considered in relation to the statute on its face.
Hudson, 522 U.S. at 99-100, 118 S.Ct. 488 (citing Kennedy, 372 U.S. at 168-69, 83 S.Ct. 554). These factors provide “useful guideposts.” SEC v. Palmisano, 135 F.3d 860, 865 (2d Cir.1998).
The district court in Allison Engine applied this analysis and found that four out of the seven factors weighed in favor of finding that the FCA sanctions were punitive in nature. See Allison Engine, 667 F.Supp.2d at 756-58; accord Baker, 709 F.Supp.2d at 1112. Defendants do not address the seven factors, instead imploring the Court to follow the lead of the Allison Engine court. The Court will undertake its own analysis and draw its own conclusions.
a.Does FCA Involve an Affirmative Disability or Restraint?
A punishment imposes an “affirmative disability or restraint” when it approaches “the infamous punishment of imprisonment.” Hudson, 522 U.S. at 104, 118 S.Ct. 488. The sanctions under FCA do not approach imprisonment. Therefore, this factor weighs in favor of finding a civil purpose. See Allison Engine, 667 F.Supp.2d at 756.
b.Is FCA Historically Regarded As Punishment?
As discussed previously, courts have historically observed the punitive elements of the FCA. They have, however, also noted the remedial and compensatory nature of the statutory framework. Therefore, it cannot be said that FCA has been historically regarded primarily as punishment. See Chandler, 538 U.S. at 130, 123 S.Ct. 1239; Palmisano, 135 F.3d at 866; but see Allison Engine, 667 F.Supp.2d at 757-58 (“As determined above, FCA sanctions have historically been regarded, at least in part, as punitive. This factor weighs in favor of a finding that the FCA sanctions are punitive in nature and effect.”). Although there are punitive aspects to the FCA, in light of the fact that it has been primarily viewed as civil, this factor weighs in favor of finding FCA to be civil and remedial in nature and effect.
c.Is There a Scienter Requirement?
Scienter is an element of an FCA violation. See Palmisano, 135 F.3d at 866; see also 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(B); United States ex rel. Kreindler & Kreindler v. United Technologies Corp., 985 F.2d 1148 (2d Cir.1993) (observing that there is a scienter element in an FCA qui tam action); Hagood v. Sonoma County Water Agency, 81 F.3d 1465, 1477 (9th Cir.1996) (“Thus, a violation of the False Claims Act requires scienter.”). A scienter requirement, being characteristic of a criminal law, supports a finding that the FCA sanctions are punitive.
d.Does FCA Promote Retribution and Deterrence?
Damages under the FCA are calculated to provide the government with “complete indemnity for the injuries done it.” Marcus, 317 U.S. at 549, 63 S.Ct. 379. The fact that FCA requires a wrongdoer to make payments acts as a deterrent, which is a punishing mechanism, and, thus, a criminal attribute. See Palmisano, 135 F.3d at 866; Allison Engine, 667 F.Supp.2d at 757. As the Lamanna court observed, however, “neither disgorgement nor money penalties have historically been viewed as punishment. Rather, the payment of fixed or variable sums of money is a sanction that has long been recognized as civil.” 114 F.Supp.2d at 198. In these circumstances, despite the civil nature of the disgorgement and penalties, such actions are nonetheless slightly punitive in nature.
e.Is Behavior Proscribed by FCA Already a Crime?
The actions proscribed by section 3729 are also prohibited directly in the criminal law codified in title 18. Despite this, courts often review the civil law to interpret the criminal law. See, e.g., United States v. McBride, 362 F.3d 360, 371 (6th Cir.2004). Nonetheless, the presence of both a civil statute and a criminal statute weighs in favor of finding a civil purpose of the FCA.
f.Is There an Alternative Purpose Assigned?
Courts have noted that the damages multiplier of FCA serves both compensatory and punitive purposes. See Chandler, 538 U.S. at 130, 123 S.Ct. 1239 (“To begin with it is important to realize that treble damages have a compensatory side, serving remedial purposes in addition to punitive objectives.”); Marcus, 317 U.S. at 550, 63 S.Ct. 379. The dual purposes of the FCA weigh in favor of finding a civil purpose of the law.
g.Is FCA Excessive In Relation To Alternative Purpose?
FCA is meant to compensate the government for its financial losses. However, there are certain instances when the government is entitled to treble damages, which would certainly do more than merely compensate the government for its losses. Specifically, the FERA amendments provide for a “civil penalty of not less than $ 5,000 and not more than $ 10,000 ... plus 3 times the amount of damages which the Government sustains.” FCA § 3729(a)(1)(G). Such damages are “essentially punitive in nature.” PacifiCare Health Systems, Inc. v. Book, 538 U.S. 401, 405, 123 S.Ct. 1531, 155 L.Ed.2d 578 (2003); cf. Texas Industries, Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc., 451 U.S. 630, 639, 101 S.Ct. 2061, 68 L.Ed.2d 500 (1981) (“The very idea of treble damages reveals an intent to punish past, and to deter future, unlawful conduct, not to ameliorate the liability of wrongdoers.”) (antitrust case). It should be noted, as the Chandler Court observed, the multiplied damages serve to create an incentive for private citizens to start proceedings under the FCA. 538 U.S. at 131, 123 S.Ct. 1239. Despite this goal, there is a disproportionality between the potential liability of a defendant and the harm to the government. This factor thus weighs in favor of finding a punitive aspect to FCA.
In light of the seven factors, the Court finds that the FCA is not sufficiently punitive in nature and effect so as to warrant application of the Ex Post Facto Clause. There is not present in this case the “clearest proof’ to defeat Congress’s intention to create a civil framework to prevent fraud against the government.
4. Whether Amendment to Complaint Would Be Futile
In their opposition to Drake’s motion to amend the complaint, defendants argue that Drake’s claim under FCA § 3729(a)(1)(B) should be dismissed because the proposed amendment is futile. As explained above, however, the amendment would not be futile because FCA § 3729(a)(1)(B) applies to the conduct alleged to have been committed by defendants.
Upon reconsideration of its previous ruling, the Court will permit Drake to assert a claim as to the Disclosure Statements and PRA reports under FCA § 3729(a)(1)(B) that were previously dismissed by the Court.
II. Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint
In light of the Court’s conclusion above, the Court will deny Drake’s motion for leave to amend the complaint as moot. Nonetheless, Drake is instructed to file an amended complaint in accordance with the current state of this case given the past rulings by the Court of Appeals and this Court as well as this current ruling.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS relator Walter M. Drake’s motion to reinstate the third claim for relief (Doc. #204) and DENIES as moot Drake’s motion to amend the complaint (Doc. # 203). Drake is instructed to file an amended complaint within twenty-one days of the filing of this ruling.
RULING ON DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL
On August 26, 2010, the Court granted relator Walter M. Drake’s motion for reconsideration and permitted Drake to reinstate his third claim for relief (Doc. # 230). Defendants Norden Systems, Inc. and United Technologies Corporation (“UTC”) now move for leave to appeal the Court’s ruling pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b).
BACKGROUND
The underlying facts and the identities of the parties are set forth in the Court’s August 26 ruling and the Court’s previous rulings. On September 17, defendants filed their motion (Doc. #233) arguing that an immediate appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) of the Court’s ruling would be expedient and aid judicial economy. For the reasons that follow, the Court will deny defendants’ motion.
DISCUSSION
Appeals of interlocutory orders are controlled by 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b). A court should issue a certificate of appealability permitting an interlocutory appeal when the court is “of the opinion that [the court’s] order involves a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.... ” 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b).
Leave to appeal under section 1292(b) is warranted only in “exceptional circumstances sufficient to overcome the general aversion to piecemeal litigation and to justify a departure from the basic policy of postponing appellate review until after the entry of a final judgment.” Consub Del. LLC v. Schahin Engenharia Limitada, 476 F.Supp.2d 305, 308-309 (S.D.N.Y.2007). Such an appeal “is limited to extraordinary cases where appellate review might avoid protracted and expensive litigation, and is not intended as a vehicle to provide early review of difficult rulings in hard cases.” Liebert v. Levine (In re Levine), 2004 WL 764709, at *2, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6025, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 9, 2004). The decision whether to grant an interlocutory appeal from a district court order lies within the district court’s discretion. See, e.g., Swint v. Chambers County Comm’n, 514 U.S. 35, 47, 115 S.Ct. 1203, 131 L.Ed.2d 60 (1995). When issuing a certificate of appealability, the court also has the discretion to stay the proceedings; such stay is not automatic, however.
A “question of law” is “pure” when the reviewing court could decide it “quickly and cleanly without having to study the record.” In re Worldcom, Inc., 2003 WL 21498904, *10, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11160, *29 (S.D.N.Y. June 30, 2003). A matter is controlling where a reversal of the district court’s order would terminate the action. Klinghoffer v. S.N.C. Achille Lauro, 921 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.1990).
Substantial ground for a difference of opinion requires more than a claim that the court’s ruling was wrong. Wausau Bus. Ins. Co. v. Turner Constr. Co., 151 F.Supp.2d 488, 491 (S.D.N.Y.2001). Similarly, simply because a question is particularly difficult does not mean that there is a difference of opinion. See Ntsebeza v. Daimler A.G. (In re South African Apartheid Litig.), 624 F.Supp.2d 336, 339 (S.D.N.Y.2009) (“Interlocutory appeal is ... not intended as a vehicle to provide early review of difficult rulings in hard cases.”). Rather, this element may be met by a showing that (1) there is conflicting authority on an issue or (2) the case is particularly difficult and of first impression within this Circuit. Consub Del., 476 F.Supp.2d at 309.
Finally, the third prong is met where an intermediate appeal would advance the ultimate termination of a litigation or if the appeal would advance the time to trial or shorten the trial. Transport Workers Union of Am., Local 100, AFL-CIO v. New York City Transit Auth., 358 F.Supp.2d 347, 350 (S.D.N.Y.2005).
Defendants seek to appeal the Court’s holding that the word “claims” under FERA § 4(f)(1) referred to cases. In so holding, the Court relied on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals’ decision in United States ex rel. Kirk v. Schindler Elevator Corp., 601 F.3d 94, 113 (2d Cir.2010). The Court recognized that the Kirk decision resolved the definition of the word “claims” “without significant discussion.” See also United States ex rel. Pervez v. Beth Isr. Med. Ctr., 736 F.Supp.2d 804, 811 n. 38, 2010 WL 3543457, *4 n. 38, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 94858, *16-17 n. 38 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 13, 2010) (relying on Kirk and noting disagreement among courts on the issue). The Supreme Court recently granted certiorari in Kirk, but not on the question of the definition of “claims.” See Schindler Elevator Corp. v. United States ex rel. Kirk, — U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 63, 177 L.Ed.2d 1152 (2010) (question presented: ‘Whether a federal agency’s response to a Freedom of Information Act request is a ‘report ... or investigation’ within the meaning of the False Claims Act public disclosure bar, 31 U.S.C. § 3730(e)(4).”).
This Court believes that upon more briefing, the Court of Appeals may revisit its holding in Kirk. This case at this juncture, however, is not the appropriate vehicle for doing so. Although the Court agrees that there is substantial ground for difference of opinion on the issue and that it is a controlling question of law, immediate appeal would not materially advance the ultimate termination of this litigation.
Should the Court permit defendants to appeal, a panel of the Court of Appeals would address the definition of claims and would rely on the definition set forth in Kirk because one panel cannot overrule the holding of a previous panel. See United States v. Wilkerson, 361 F.3d 717, 732 (2d Cir.2004) (“But we are not the first panel to address this issue and are bound by the decisions of prior panels until such time as they are overruled either by an en banc panel of our Court or by the Supreme Court.”). Then, the Court of Appeals, if it so desired, would convene en banc to address the relevant question and decide whether or not to overturn the holding in Kirk. In the meantime, however, the case would be stayed before this Court. See Griggs v. Provident Consumer Discount Co., 459 U.S. 56, 58, 103 S.Ct. 400, 74 L.Ed.2d 225 (1982) (“[T]he filing of a notice of appeal is an event of jurisdictional significance — it confers jurisdiction on the court of appeals and divests the district court of its control over those aspects of the case involved in the appeal.”).
The Court’s hesitancy in granting the relief requested is that the question is not dispositive of the case. Regardless of how “claims” is defined, there are other claims pending in this case that must be resolved. The interests of justice and this litigation would be better served by permitting this case to proceed before this Court and allowing defendants to appeal after resolution of the case, if appropriate. See Koehler v. Bank of Bermuda, 101 F.3d 863, 865-866 (2d Cir.1996) (“The use of § 1292(b) is reserved for those cases where an intermediate appeal may avoid protracted litigation.”). This is especially so given how long this case has been pending and the delay that appeal would bring. At that resolution of the case before this Court, there could be one appeal of all pending issues, instead of an appeal now and appeal later. Therefore, the Court will deny defendants’ motion for leave to appeal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES defendants’ motion for leave to appeal (Doc. # 233).
Dated at Bridgeport, Connecticut, this 21st day of October, 2010.
. This ruling is available al United States ex rel. Drake v. Norden Systems, Inc., 2000 WL 1336497, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13371 (D.Conn. Aug. 24, 2000) (Doc. # 118).
. This ruling does not appear to have been published or reported.
.The Court recognized Drake’s claim that the delay in this proceeding was due to conduct by both parties. See Ruling on Defendants’ Motion to Strike Plaintiff’s Third Amended Complaint and to Dismiss, 2003 WL 925437, *2 n. 3, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3044, *7 n. 3 (Feb. 19, 2003) (Doc. # 140).
. Drake has not sought leave to file a motion for reconsideration pursuant to Local Rule of Civil Procedure 7(c)(1) outside the fourteen-day period provided in the rule. Had he so moved, the Court would have been permitted to exercise its discretion to address an untimely motion for reconsideration. See Palmer v. Sena, 474 F.Supp.2d 353, 354 (D.Conn.2007).
| CASELAW |
Sharedcyclo_fields.sagewsOpen in CoCalc
def make_cyclo_field_elem(coeffs, n):
"""
Takes a list of (coefficient, power) pairs and a positive integer n and returns an element of the nth cyclotomic field
Input:
- coeffs: a list of pairs [(a_1, e_1), ... , (a_k, d_k)] of integers
- n: an integer specifying the root of unity
Output: A field element a_1 * z^e_1 + ... a_k * z^d_k where z is the primitive nth root of unity
Example:
sage: coeffs = [(5, 4), (1, 2), (3, 0)]
sage: n = 7
sage: make_cyclo_field_elem(coeffs, n)
5*zeta_7^4 + zeta_7^2 + 3
"""
k = CyclotomicField(n)
zeta = k.gen()
result = k(0)
for coeff, exponent in coeffs:
result += k(coeff * zeta^exponent)
return result
# Compute (zeta_7^3 + zeta_7^2 - zeta_7) + (2 * zeta_5^3) + (zeta_11^9 + 1)
typeset_mode(True) #don't type this if using from the command line
# elems is a representation of the elements as lists of (coefficient, power) pairs
# could get this from stdin or something or read from file.
print('elems =')
elems = [
([(1, 3), (1, 2), (-1, 1)], 7),
([(2, 3)], 5),
([(1, 9), (1, 0)], 10)
]; elems
#convert list of pairs into field elements
print("field_elems =")
field_elems = [make_cyclo_field_elem(coeffs, n) for coeffs, n in elems]; field_elems
#make a common field
print("m =")
m = lcm(elem[1] for elem in elems); m
print("L =")
L = CyclotomicField(m); L
print("common_field_elems =")
common_field_elems = [L(x) for x in field_elems]; common_field_elems
# add them all together
print('sum = ')
sum(common_field_elems)
elems =
[([(1\displaystyle 1, 3\displaystyle 3), (1\displaystyle 1, 2\displaystyle 2), (1\displaystyle -1, 1\displaystyle 1)], 7\displaystyle 7), ([(2\displaystyle 2, 3\displaystyle 3)], 5\displaystyle 5), ([(1\displaystyle 1, 9\displaystyle 9), (1\displaystyle 1, 0\displaystyle 0)], 10\displaystyle 10)]
field_elems =
[ζ73+ζ72ζ7\displaystyle \zeta_{7}^{3} + \zeta_{7}^{2} - \zeta_{7}, 2ζ53\displaystyle 2 \zeta_{5}^{3}, ζ103+ζ102ζ10+2\displaystyle -\zeta_{10}^{3} + \zeta_{10}^{2} - \zeta_{10} + 2]
m =
70\displaystyle 70
L =
Q(ζ70)\displaystyle \Bold{Q}(\zeta_{70})
common_field_elems =
[ζ7023+ζ7020ζ7016ζ7010+ζ709ζ702\displaystyle \zeta_{70}^{23} + \zeta_{70}^{20} - \zeta_{70}^{16} - \zeta_{70}^{10} + \zeta_{70}^{9} - \zeta_{70}^{2}, 2ζ707\displaystyle -2 \zeta_{70}^{7}, ζ7021+ζ7014ζ707+2\displaystyle -\zeta_{70}^{21} + \zeta_{70}^{14} - \zeta_{70}^{7} + 2]
sum =
ζ7023ζ7021+ζ7020ζ7016+ζ7014ζ7010+ζ7093ζ707ζ702+2\displaystyle \zeta_{70}^{23} - \zeta_{70}^{21} + \zeta_{70}^{20} - \zeta_{70}^{16} + \zeta_{70}^{14} - \zeta_{70}^{10} + \zeta_{70}^{9} - 3 \zeta_{70}^{7} - \zeta_{70}^{2} + 2 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Fannie Farmer
Untitled
hey this is kacy napolitan and i wanted to say i love your cookbook it works great and it's low on calories i have to do a report on you for school and i thought you could help me out a littlewell bye<IP_ADDRESS> 22:49, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
"Mrs. Farmer" vs "Miss Farmer"
I have corrected the name of her cooking school to use the unmarried title. Miss Farmer never married. Snezzy (talk) 00:53, 24 August 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The World's Famous Orations Volume 7.djvu/246
THE WORLD'S FAMOUS ORATIONS this law into force in order to permit capital to scatter railroads across the peasants' fields, to permit capital to establish great vested interests in your cities, after having made use of this law for the benefit of capitalistic might, the hour is come to make use of it for the benefit of labor demanding its rights.
Values to-day permit their holders either to purchase means of production and of profit or their products. In the transformed society, when the private capital of production and exploitation shall have been made social, when the social community shall have placed the means of production at the disposition of associated laborers, the indemnity values which shall have been given the capitalists of yesterday will permit them no longer to buy the means of production, of rent, and of profit: they will permit them to buy only the products of the transformed social activity.
Gentlemen, when the law abolished slavery and indemnified the slaveholders, the latter could not use this indemnity to buy slaves on the morrow. Similarly, when capitalistic property shall have become socialistic, the indemnity holders shall be able to purchase neither the means of production nor the producers: they shall be able to purchase products only. [Applause from the extreme left; uproar in the center and right.] What! You are astonished, you are scandalized that man should no longer purchase man!
Gentlemen, whatever be your judgment of 210 | WIKI |
User:Rakeshkumar8700
person Rakeshkumar8700 (talk) 20:02, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
* Bulleted list item
* | Name = Rakesh Kumar Singh
* | Father = Sanjay Singh
* | Mother = Rekha Devi
* | Brother = Satyam Kumar Singh
* | Sister =
* | Father's Occupation = Indian Farmer
* | birth_name =
* | birth_name =
* | birth_date = 12/12/1999
* | birth_place = Bihar, Gaya, Imamganj, Pin Code 824206 , India
* | Current Address = New Delhi
* | occupation = Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, AME
* | known_for = Aviation Knowledge
* | spouse = Unmarried
* |Facebook = Rakesh Kumar Singh
* | Email =<EMAIL_ADDRESS> * | Instagram = r_k_singh_india
* |Language known = Hindi, English , Bengali , Bhojpuri , Mag-hi
* Rakeshkumar8700 (talk) 20:02, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
Rakesh Kumar Singh is an Indian and Aircraft Maintenance Engineer. He was born in Imamganj - Gaya, Bihar, India.
Career
Aviation Field.
Personal life
Very cool and handsome person & help the poor people | WIKI |
How Different Types of Head and Neck Cancers Are Treated
Treatment depends on they type of cancer you have and where it’s located.
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Head and neck cancers are not one type of cancer, but an umbrella term for a variety of cancers that can start in the face, neck, mouth, nasal cavity, voice box, and so on. “Treatment of head and neck cancer can vary, depending upon the site, the type of tumor, whether it’s HPV-positive or not, and the staging of the tumor,” says Mark Persky, MD, otolaryngologist and surgeon at NYU Langone Health in New York City.
In addition to the type of head and neck cancer you have, your age, the risk of side effects, and other health problems you may have may impact what treatment plan you and your doctor pursue.
Here are some of the treatment options your doctor may recommend to treat head and neck cancer:
Surgery can take out tissue affected by cancer or lymph nodes in the neck. Sometimes, this means needing to remove all or part of some organs like the tongue, voice box, or windpipe, according to the American Cancer Society. That said, maintaining the appearance and function of the area is considered essential.
Biologics alter substances produced by the tumor, which helps to shrink or even eliminate the tumor.
Targeted therapy is a newer type of cancer treatment made from immune proteins that help block the specific substance that helps cancer cells grow and multiply, causing them to shrink. Because targeted therapy drugs help attack specific substances on the surfaces of cancer cells, they are often more effective and precise than chemotherapy and other older types of cancer treatment.
Immunotherapy is another newer type of cancer treatment that helps the body’s own immune system fight the cancer. There are different types of immunotherapy, but the one typically used for head and neck cancers are checkpoint inhibitors, which help the body recognize cancer cells and turn on the immune response.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to attack cancer cells. Doctors may use it as the main treatment, before surgery to shrink the tumor, or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy uses drugs via IV or oral pills that spread through the bloodstream to kill rapidly dividing cells (which are often cancer cells but also includes some normal cells). Chemo is often given in conjunction with radiation therapy, an approach called chemoradiation.
Regardless of which treatment or combination of treatments are used, you will have follow-up appointments with your doctor for several years after treatments end. This helps keep an eye on your condition to make sure cancer doesn’t come back—and if it does, you’ll be able to catch it early and improve treatment outcomes. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Birrie River
Birrie River, a perennial river that is part of the Upper Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the north-west slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river leaves the Bokhara River, about 7 km north–east of the village of Goodooga, and flows generally south and west, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Culgoa River, north–east of Bourke and north–west of Brewarrina; descending 32 m over its 197 km course. | WIKI |
Friendly fire killing of Lance Corporal Matty Hull deemed unlawful
-unreviewed
In a narrative verdict, the Coroner investigating the death of UK soldier Lance Corporal Matty Hull, who was killed in a friendly fire incident in Iraq on 28 March 2003, has ruled that his killing was unlawful.
L.Cpl Hull, who was from the Household Cavalry, died inside his blazing Scimitar tank when it was attacked 25 miles north of Basra by a US "tankbuster" aircraft. Four other soldiers were injured in the incident. Video footage from the cockpit of the aircraft was shown privately to his family during the inquest.
The US authorities were uncooperative throughout the proceedings and refused to give evidence, only allowing the cockpit footage to be shown after it had been leaked to a British tabloid newspaper. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/842
CHURCH
758
CHURCH
The union of different nations in one society is contrary to the natural inclinations of fallen human- ity. It must ever struggle against the impulses of national pride, the desire for complete independence, the dislike of external control. Hence history pro- vides various cases in which these passions have obtained the upper hand, the bond of unity has been broken, and "National Churches" have been formed. In every such case the so-called National Church has found to its cost that, in severing its connexion with the Holy See, it has lost its one protector against the encroachments of the secular Government. The Greek Church under the Byzantine Empire, the autocephalous Russian Church to-day, have been mere pawns in the hands of the civil authority. The history of the Anglican Church presents the same features. There is but one institution which is able to resist the pressure of secular powers — the See of Peter, which was set in the Church for this purpose by Christ, that it might afford a principle of stability and security to every part. The papacy is above all nationalities. It is the servant of no particular State; and hence it has strength to resist the forces that would make the religion of Christ subservient to secular ends. Those Churches alone have re- tained their vitality which have kept their union with the See of Peter. The branches which have been broken from that stem have withered.
Branch Theory. — In the course of the nineteenth century, the principle of National Churches was strenuously defended by the High Church Anglican divines under the name of the "Branch theory". According to this view, each National Church when fully constituted under its own episcopate is inde- pendent of external control. It possesses plenary authority as to its internal discipline, and may not merely reform itself as regards ritual and ceremonial usages, but may correct obvious abuses in matters of doctrine. It is justified in doing this even if the step involve a breach of communion with the rest of Christendom; for, in this case, the blame attaches not to the Church which undertakes the work of reformation, but to those which, on this score, reject it from communion. It still remains a "branch" of the Catholic Church as it was before. At the present day the Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Greek Churches are each of them a branch of the Universal Church. None of them has an exclusive right to term itself the Catholic Church. The de- fenders of the theory recognize, indeed, that this divided state of the Church is abnormal. They admit that the Fathers never contemplated the pos- sibility of a Church thus severed into parts. But they assert that circumstances such as those which led to this abnormal state of things never presented themselves during the early centuries of ecclesiastical history.
The position is open to fatal objections. (1) It is an entirely novel theory as to the constitution of the Church, which is rejected alike by the Catholic and the Greek Churches. Neither of these admit the ttistence of the so-called branches of the Church. I he Greek schismatics, no less than the Catholics, affirm that they, and they only, constitute the Church. Further, the theory is rejected by the majority of the Anglican body. It is the tend of but one school, though that a distinguished one. ll is almost a reductio ml absurdum when we arc asked i" bi lieve that a single school in a particular sect is the ■sole depositary of the true theory of the Chinch.
(2) The claim made by many Anglicans that there is nothing in their position contrary to ecclesiastical and patristic tradition in quite indefensible. Argu- ments precisely applicable to their case were used by
the Fathers against the Donatists. It is known from
(he "Apologia" that Cardinal Wiseman's masterly demonstration of this point was one of the chief
factors in bringing about the conversion of Newman. In the controversy with the Donatists, St. Augustine holds it sufficient for his purpose to argue that those who are separated from the Universal Church cannot be in the right. He makes the question one of simple fact. Are the Donatists separated from the main body of Christians, or are they not? If they are, no vindication of their cause can absolve them from the charge of schism. "Securus judicat orbis terrarum bonos non esse qui se dividunt ab orbe terrarum in quacunque parte orbis terrarum" (The entire world judges with security that they are not good, who separate themselves from the entire world in whatever part of the entire world — Augus- tine, contra epist. Parm., Ill, c. iv in P. L., XLIII, 101). St. Augustine's position rests throughout on the doctrine he assumes as absolutely indubitable, that Christ's Church must be one, must be visibly one; and that any body that is separated from it is ipso facto shown to be in schism.
The contention of the Anglican controversialists that the English Church is not separatist since it did not reject the* communion of Rome, but Rome re- jected it, has of course only the value of a piece of special pleading, and need not be taken as a serious argument. Yet it is interesting to observe that in this too they were anticipated by the Donatists (Contra epist. Petil., II, xxxviii in P. L., XLIII, 292). (3) The consequences of the doctrine constitute a mani- fest proof of its falsity. The unity of the Catholic Church in every part of the world is, as already seen, the sign of the brotherhood which binds together the children of God. More than this, Christ Himself declared that it would be a proof to all men of His Divine mission. The unity of His flock, an earthly representation of the unity of the Father and the Son, would be sufficient to show that He had come from God (John, xvii, 21). Contrariwise, this theory, first advanced to justify a state of things having Henry VIII as its author, would make the Christian Church, not a witness to the brotherhood of God's children, but a standing proof that even the Son of God had failed to withstand the spirit of dis- cord amongst men. Were the theory true, so far from the unity of the Church testifying to the Divine mission of Jesus Christ, its severed and broken con- dition would be a potent argument in the hands of unbelief.
XII. Notes of the Church. — By the notes of the Church are meant certain conspicuous character- istics which distinguish it from all other bodies and prove it to be the one society of Jesus Christ. Some such distinguishing marks it needs must have, if it is, indeed, the sole depositary of the blessings of redemp- tion, the way of salvation offered by God to man. A Babel of religious organizations all proclaim them- selves to be the Church of Christ. Their doctrines are eontratlietory; and precisely in so far as any one of them regards the doctrines which it teaches as of vital moment, it declares those of the rival bodies to be misleading and pernicious. Unless the true Church were endowed with such characteristics as would prove to all men that it, ami it alone, had a right to the name, how could the vast majority of mankind distinguish the revelation of God from the inventions of man? If it could not authenticate its claim, it would be impossible for it to warn all men that to reject it was to reject Christ. In discussing the visibility of the Church (VII) it was seen that the Catholic Church points to four such notes those namely which were inserted in the Xieenc Creed at the Council of Constantinople (a. D. MSI). Unity. Sanctity, Catholicity, and Apostolicity. These, it de- clares, distinguish it from every other body, and prove that in it alone is to be found the true religion. Each of these characteristics forms tin' subject of a special article in this work. 1 [ere, however, will be indicated | WIKI |
United of Thanlyin F.C.
United of Thanlyin Football Club(သန္လ်င္ယူႏိုက္တက္ ေဘာလုံးအသင္း) is a Burmese football club, founded in 2015. This is the first time MNL-2 season of United of Thanlyin FC. | WIKI |
RBS’s Lim Says Singapore Dollar May Rise 4.1 Percent in a Year
Su Sian Lim, a Singapore-based
strategist at Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc, comments on the
outlook for the Singapore dollar in a telephone interview today. Inflation accelerated to 5.2 percent in June, the fastest
pace since January, as food and housing costs rose, the
government reported today. The bank predicts the local currency will strengthen 2.4
percent to S$1.18 per dollar by year-end and 4.1 percent to
S$1.16 in 12 months. “I am still of the view that it remains too early to rule
out further tightening by the Monetary Authority of Singapore in
October. It’s always a toss out between inflation and growth. I
think the central bank is more concerned about inflation than
about growth. That balance hasn’t tilted yet. “If we don’t get that unexpected scenario of a hard
landing, then there’s no reason why the MAS will stop at what it
is doing. It is going to be business as usual in terms of
allowing the Singapore dollar to continue to appreciate to bring
inflation under control. “I would say that the outlook is still strong and my full-
year growth forecast of 6.1 percent is still very much intact.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Chien Mi Wong in Singapore at
cwong303@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
James Regan at
jregan19@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Statistics LibreTexts
27.5: Cross-validation (Section 26.6.1)
• Page ID
8862
• Cross-validation is a powerful technique that allows us to estimate how well our results will generalize to a new dataset. Here we will build our own crossvalidation code to see how it works, continuing the logistic regression example from the previous section.
In cross-validation, we want to split the data into several subsets and then iteratively train the model while leaving out each subset (which we usually call folds) and then test the model on that held-out fold Let’s write our own code to do this splitting; one relatively easy way to this is to create a vector that contains the fold numbers, and then randomly shuffle it to create the fold assigments for each data point.
nfolds <- 4 # number of folds
# we use the kronecker() function to repeat the folds
fold <- kronecker(seq(nfolds),rep(1,npatients/nfolds))
# randomly shuffle using the sample() function
fold <- sample(fold)
# add variable to store CV predictions
disease_df <- disease_df %>%
mutate(CVpred=NA)
# now loop through folds and separate training and test data
for (f in seq(nfolds)){
# get training and test data
train_df <- disease_df[fold!=f,]
test_df <- disease_df[fold==f,]
# fit model to training data
glm_result_cv <- glm(heartattack ~ biomarker, data=train_df,
family=binomial())
# get probability of heart attack on test data
pred <- predict(glm_result_cv,newdata = test_df)
# convert to prediction and put into data frame
disease_df$CVpred[fold==f] = (pred>0.5)
}
Now let’s look at the performance of the model:
# create table comparing predicted to actual outcomes
CrossTable(disease_df$CVpred,
disease_df$heartattack,
prop.t=FALSE,
prop.r=FALSE,
prop.chisq=FALSE)
##
##
## Cell Contents
## |-------------------------|
## | N |
## | N / Col Total |
## |-------------------------|
##
##
## Total Observations in Table: 1000
##
##
## | disease_df$heartattack
## disease_df$CVpred | FALSE | TRUE | Row Total |
## ------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
## FALSE | 416 | 269 | 685 |
## | 0.832 | 0.538 | |
## ------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
## TRUE | 84 | 231 | 315 |
## | 0.168 | 0.462 | |
## ------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
## Column Total | 500 | 500 | 1000 |
## | 0.500 | 0.500 | |
## ------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
##
##
Now we see that the model only accurately predicts less than half of the heart attacks that occurred when it is predicting to a new sample. This tells us that this is the level of prediction that we could expect if were to apply the model to a new sample of patients from the same population. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Ultimate Introduction to Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting is among the most popular fitness and dieting trends in the world. It simplifies your daily schedule, helps with losing weight, and offers various health benefits. I often discuss intermittent fasting with my clients when they’re looking for a reliable way to manage their weight.
Despite the growing popularity of the diet, however, many people still don’t fully understand it. Some assume it’s all about starving yourself. Others can’t understand how choosing the right times to eat could have such huge benefits. (It even helps you live longer!)
With that in mind, I created this guide to intermittent fasting – perfect for beginners.
What is Intermittent Fasting?
It is just what it sounds like.
It’s a pattern of eating which cycles between periods of eating and “fasting.” Most types of intermittent fasting don’t specify which foods to eat, just when you eat them.
Higher levels of freedom in what you can eat makes intermittent fasting more approachable for people who don’t like traditional diets. There are also different patterns you can follow depending on your needs. Options include:
• The 16/8 method: This limits food consumption to an 8-hour period in the day. You skip breakfast and eat only between 1 pm and 9 pm.
• Eat-stop-eat: Otherwise known as the 2-day fasting diet. This is where only calorie-free beverages are permitted in 2 of your 5 days per week.
• The 5:2 diet: Here, you only consume 500-600 calories on two days of the week. You’ll eat normally the other 5 days.
How Does Intermittent Fasting Work?
What are the eating windows and rules for the diet?
The answer to this question depends on the kind of intermittent fasting you want to do. Most people find the 8/16 or 16/8 method to be easiest. In this schedule, you’ll fast for 16 hours each day and eat only within a strict eight-hour period. You can choose the period you want to eat in, depending on your schedule.
The important thing I often need to remind my clients is that intermittent fasting is not about skipping meals. Many people do this wrong because they just skip dinner or breakfast. However, ultimately, when you skip meals, you end up increasing your chance of rebound due to inadequate nutritional intake.
Feelings of hunger will often cause a rebound. The proper method involves squeezing your correct dietary intake into the right time.
It may sound unusual, but fasting has actually been a common human practice throughout the decades. Ancient hunter-gatherers couldn’t stock their food in refrigerators or visit the supermarket when hungry. Humans evolved to function without food for extended periods.
How to Start Intermittent Fasting
Before you jump into intermittent fasting, I always recommend considering the pros and cons. You might want to speak to a doctor to determine it’s safe for you to fast. It’s also helpful to have a deeper insight into how your digestive system works.
There are many forms of doing it, and no evidence to support one method being more effective than another. However, because you reduce your caloric intake with this method, you should experience some weight loss. Crucially, it’s important not to eat more during the periods when you do eat to make up for the lost time.
Most people find the 16/8 method to be the simplest and most sustainable.
Many of us are already doing something close to the 16/8 method anyway. If you find this method to be simple enough, you can always gradually increase your fasting period. Start with 8 hours, then move to 12, then eventually to 16 hours of fasting.
What to Eat During Intermittent Fasting?
There’s a misconception you can eat anything and everything when intermittent fasting. I wouldn’t recommend taking that route.
Just like in any diet, it’s important to balance your caloric intake correctly. You’ll still need to ensure that you’re getting the right amount of nutrition from the correct foods.
A common question I hear is “can you do intermittent fasting and a keto diet at the same time?” The answer to this is usually “yes”. However, I wouldn’t usually recommend it. When you’re putting yourself under that much strain to change your eating habits, the likelihood of rebound is higher.
What Do You Think About Keto Diet and Intermittent Fasting?
The Keto diet doesn’t provide a huge selection of nutrients to sustain your metabolism. What’s more, because the keto diet is often quite filling, it’s hard to sustain your timing schedule. Some people find it difficult to stick to this routine, particularly those with poor digestive health. I’ve heard about a lot of clients experiencing reflux when doing fasting and keto together.
Is Intermittent Fasting Effective for Weight Loss?
It can be, if done properly.
Studies show that intermittent fasting can be an effective way to reduce weight and burn fat. However, you do need to follow the diet correctly.
Weight loss is the most common reason for people to try the diet. Since you’re getting fewer calories in your day, you should lose some weight. Additionally, intermittent fasting can support positive change in hormone levels to change the way your appetite works.
The strategy reduces insulin and increases growth hormone levels, increasing the release of fat-burning hormones like norepinephrine. Short-term fasting can often increase your metabolic rate by anywhere up to 14%.
Another bonus is that it helps you to be more mindful about the way you eat. When you’re paying attention to the times you consume food in the day, you’re less likely to binge when you’re not supposed to.
This also means that if you stop being mindful and start eating more calories during your non-fasting period, then intermittent fasting won’t help you to lose weight.
What are the Benefits of Intermittent Fasting?
Weight loss is just one benefit of intermittent fasting. Other advantages include the reduction of cellular waste, blood sugar control, and hormone management. The long-term results of this strategy still require additional research. However, many experts agree that intermittent fasting can be a very positive strategy overall. Benefits include:
• Weight loss: As noted above, intermittent fasting helps with reducing body weight and fat without asking you to practise extreme diet restriction.
• Inflammation management: Some reports suggest that inflammation markers may fall when using intermittent fasting.
• Insulin resistance: Correct intermittent fasting can reduce insulin resistance and lower blood sugar by around 6%. You can even protect yourself from various kinds of diabetes.
• Cancer: Some animal studies indicate intermittent fasting can be helpful in preventing cancer, though further research is needed.
• Heart health: intermittent fasting can reduce levels of bad cholesterol in the body, lower inflammation around the heart, and more.
• Anti-ageing: Intermittent fasting can significantly extend the lifespan of rats, according to some studies, by up to 83%!
• Brain health: Correctly fasting at the right times increases brain hormones like BDNF and aids in the construction of new nerve cells.
What are the Side Effects of Intermittent Fasting?
Although many of my clients have benefitted from intermittent fasting, the strategy won’t be ideal for everyone. Potential side effects range from hormonal imbalance to disorganisation in eating habits and malnutrition. Fatigue, headaches, and higher levels of gastrointestinal stress are common, as well as fertility issues. However, these side effects are more common when the diet is approached incorrectly.
There will be certain conditions that make you less appropriate for a strategy. For instance, if you have a history of eating disorders, or you’re underweight, you shouldn’t fast without speaking to a professional first.
Additionally, individuals who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant shouldn’t attempt this strategy. I’d recommend staying away from fasting if you’re breastfeeding too.
For people with long-term chronic illnesses and hormonal issues like PCOS and diabetes, caution is essential. Consult a doctor or dietician before you commit to intermittent fasting. Discussing your unique situation with a medical professional before you dive in is important.
Tips for Fasting Beginners
Intermittent fasting is an excellent tool for weight loss and good health when you use it correctly. You’ll need to think carefully about how you structure your meals and the timing of when you eat if you want to get this process right. I often talk through the plan with my clients in-depth, creating something that works for them.
There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to diet, and you should never rush in without considering your options first. You can start by gradually increasing your fasting hours, starting with eight hours, and working up to 16.
Expect to feel some hunger to begin with, as well as some potential distress in your stomach. This is natural when you’re starting a new dieting schedule. Over time, once your body gets used to the new routine, any side effects should pass.
However, if you do notice any problems which worry you, make sure you speak to a doctor. Nutrition is an important part of your health, and you should never take it for granted. Want to know your personalised diet according to your genes? Visit CircleDNA for help! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Myocardium-derived angiopoietin-1 is essential for coronary vein formation in the developing heart
Yoh Arita, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Taichi Matsunaga, Hiroyasu Kidoya, Kohei Yamamizu, Yuichiro Arima, Takahiro Kataoka-Hashimoto, Kuniyasu Ikeoka, Taku Yasui, Takeshi Masaki, Kaori Yamamoto, Kaori Higuchi, Jin Sung Park, Manabu Shirai, Koichi Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Kinya Otsu, Hiroki Kurihara, Takashi Minami, Keiko Yamauchi-TakiharaGou Y. Koh, Naoki Mochizuki, Nobuyuki Takakura, Yasushi Sakata, Jun K. Yamashita, Issei Komuro
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
53 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The origin and developmental mechanisms underlying coronary vessels are not fully elucidated. Here we show that myocardium-derived angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is essential for coronary vein formation in the developing heart. Cardiomyocyte-specific Ang1 deletion results in defective formation of the subepicardial coronary veins, but had no significant effect on the formation of intramyocardial coronary arteries. The endothelial cells (ECs) of the sinus venosus (SV) are heterogeneous population, composed of APJ-positive and APJ-negative ECs. Among these, the APJ-negative ECs migrate from the SV into the atrial and ventricular myocardium in Ang1-dependent manner. In addition, Ang1 may positively regulate venous differentiation of the subepicardial APJ-negative ECs in the heart. Consistently, in vitro experiments show that Ang1 indeed promotes venous differentiation of the immature ECs. Collectively, our results indicate that myocardial Ang1 positively regulates coronary vein formation presumably by promoting the proliferation, migration and differentiation of immature ECs derived from the SV.
Original languageEnglish
Article number4552
JournalNature communications
Volume5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2014 Jul 29
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Chemistry(all)
• Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
• Physics and Astronomy(all)
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Dive into the research topics of 'Myocardium-derived angiopoietin-1 is essential for coronary vein formation in the developing heart'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Biscornu
A biscornu is a small, octagonal, stuffed ornamental pincushion. It is usually made out of Aida cloth or linen, sewn from two square sheets of cloth (forming the top and bottom of the cushion) in such a way that each corner of one square is hemmed to the middle of a side of the opposite square.
Embroidery, hardanger, and/or cross-stitch are used to decorate the top and bottom of the cushion. A button is typically secured in the center of the cushion to give a small depression on the top. Beads, tassels and other objects can decorate the biscornu. They are typically able to fit in the palm of your hand. The name is derived from the French adjective, biscornu, meaning skewed, quirky or irregular.
Mathematically, two squares joined together in the pattern of a biscornu will form the boundary of a unique convex polyhedron, by Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem. In the case of a biscornu, this polyhedron is a flattened square antiprism, with ten faces: two smaller squares (diagonally inset into the squares from which the shape is formed) and eight isosceles right triangles (the corners of its original squares) around the sides. However an actual biscornu will have a somewhat more rounded shape than this polyhedron. | WIKI |
Władysław Ossowski
Wladyslaw Ossowski (born 5 November 1925 in the village of Iwaszkowce near Turka, Poland, died 5 August 2000 in Legnica), was a Polish boyscout and member of the White Couriers.
Using pseudonyms Maly Wladzio, Smyk, and Pitolcio Ossowski, as a 14-year-old boy, began leading Polish escapees from Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland. Between late 1939 and mid-1940, Ossowski, together with a group of Polish scouts mostly from Lwow, led scores of people across Soviet-Hungarian border (see: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact) in the Eastern Carpathians. He would lead to Budapest those Poles who wanted to escape Soviet occupation. From Hungary, he would bring newspapers and directives of General Wladyslaw Sikorski. Ossowski, who was born and raised in the borderland area (before the war, there had been the Polish - Czechoslovakian border), used his knowledge and skills.
On 8 May 1940 Ossowski was arrested in a house in the village of Komarniki, on the way to Hungary. At first, he was transported to a military prison in Drohobycz, but the trial of the whole group of couriers took place in Lwow. Ossowski was sentenced to death, but due to his young age (14 at the time), the sentence was changed into 30 years of hard labor. He was taken to a Gulag in Siberia and his nationality was changed from Polish to Ukrainian, which made it impossible for him to return to Poland in latter years. Ossowski was released in 1955 and settled in Krasnoyarsk. In the following years, he was arrested multiple times and his adventures were described in a book written by Marek Celt. Despite living in Soviet Union for several decades, he never forgot the Bałak jargon of the Polish language.
In 1991 Ossowski and his family were accidentally found and next year they returned to Poland, after 52 years spent in Siberia. At first he settled in Szczecin, where he tried to run a pizzeria, given to him by a generous person. He frequently met local boyscouts, telling them about his adventures. Some time in late 1990s, Ossowski moved to Legnica, where he died. | WIKI |
Talk:कुरता
I looked up the declension of this noun and I'm confused by sentences like this: 13 लेकिन अगर तुम वह पहेली नहीं बूझ पाए, तो तुम्हें मुझे 30 कुरते और 30 जोड़े कपड़े देने पड़ेंगे।” "13 But if you are unable to tell me the answer, you must give me 30 linen garments and 30 outfits of clothing.”" Should this maybe not be कुरतों? Benwing2 (talk) 02:30, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* I don't see the issue here, that's the direct plural as it should be? Oblique plural is only applied when there is a postposition involved. कुरते दो "Give me clothes" takes the direct plural, उन कुरतों को दो "give me those clothes" with accusative marker को takes oblique. The accusative marker is only used for animate or definite objects. —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 17:14, 13 September 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Manifesto to the Polish Nation
The Manifesto to the Polish Nation, also called the Manifesto of Grand Duke Nicholas or Manifesto of the 14th August 1914; Odezwa Wielkiego Księcia Mikołaja Mikołajewicza was a proclamation by Grand Duke Nicholas, commander in chief of the Russian armies to Poles on 14 August 1914 after the outbreak of World War I. Nicholas, proclaiming that though 'a hundred and fifty years ago the living body of Poland was torn to pieces, [...] her soul survived and she lived in hope that for the Polish people would come an hour of regeneration and reconciliation with Russia'. Nicholas promised the re-unification of the Polish lands under the aegis of the Russian tsar and an autonomy to the Poles. The manifesto was met with appreciation by Roman Dmowski, one of the leaders of the Polish nationalists. | WIKI |
FAQ
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Ali, do you just do yoga or do you also do cardio, lift weights and so forth?
Ali: I only do Interval yoga which is a perfect blend of yoga, cardio and strength work. It combines all the elements in traditional yoga such as breathing, stretching, toning and meditation. In addition Interval Yoga incorporates the elements of intense interval training which can double and triple one’s cardiovascular endurance; the elements of plyometrics, functional fitness, bodyweight exercises. Also some of my classes include props such as swiss balls, kettle bells, dumbbells, jump rope and I will be adding other small but effective props.
Is doing only yoga for me to get in optimum shape?
Ali: Although question 1 is exactly the same as question 2 you wouldn’t believe how often I get asked both in a row. So yes, Interval Yoga is absolutely and more than enough to get you in shape. It incorporates everything that one needs in order to maintain health and stay in good shape throughout their life and into old age. Yoga maintains the posture and health of the spine and joints and it is a perfect way to balance out muscle strength and flexibility so that injuries can be prevented from occurring in the future. Although Interval Yoga can be enough just by itself it is also a excellent compliment for any athlete that wants to improve his performance. For example a professional football player that does Interval Yoga will see that his strength and stamina and flexibility increase substantially and his chance of getting injuries can be greatly reduced. It is also a great practice for anyone working a hard manual job such as construction and gardening. And of course yoga is a must for anyone with a sedentary job or a job that requires a lot of repetitive movements. My programs and classes are designed to give you strength, speed, flexibility, balance and endurance while at the same time benefiting your state of mind and emotional well being.
I have never done yoga and Interval Yoga seems very intimidating. Where do I begin?
Ali: If you are a complete beginner I have a beginner playlist on my youtube channel that I recommend to be followed for at least 6-12 months before moving forward and trying out my intermediate classes. <iframe width=”560″ height=”315″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLhzmO43Z8pT_0YgfthN19E_eKjB-c6aJ1″ frameborder=”0″ allowfullscreen></iframe>
Also I have a USB Drive that offers a 3 month comprehensive program of Yoga and interval training which can be extremely beneficial to a new practitioner. Link https://www.alikamenova.com/beginner-yoga-program/
Can I lose weight and get fit with yoga?
Interval Yoga is very challenging (do not be intimidated as I also make it fun and engaging) so once you get into my classes you can consider yourself a mini athlete. Using my classes will get you in the best shape of your life and of course they will help you improve your digestion, balance your hormonal system, detox your internal organs, balance your metabolism and improve muscle tone and core strength. In addition you will develop functional strength that will benefit your lifestyle. Weight loss will happen naturally. I do recommend a plant based diet as there is plenty of research on its health and environmental benefits plus it is the ancient yogis’ compassionate yoga diet of choice. You can follow some of my weekly schedules available on my website because that will give you an idea of how much time you need to dedicate to your practice. I firmly believe that 10-40 minutes a day is enough to get you into incredible shape.
I have had injuries in the past. Can I use yoga to heal and rehabilitate my body?
Absolutely! Use yoga wisely and know your own limitations. If you have had any injuries educate yourself on the proper modifications and learn to listen to your body. I always emphasis proper alignment in all my classes. Your body gives you the best ques as to what you should do or not do. Any pain during a pose should be avoided. Learn the difference between muscle burn and joint pain and avoid anything that causes joint discomfort or pain. Once you get into the flow of your practice this will become an intuitive place for you. Yoga can strengthen the supporting muscles and your joints begin to heal and strengthen. Yoga can also balance the predisposing factors that led to the injury such as muscular imbalances, muscle tightness and improper posture. Talk to your Physical Therapist for recommended modifications in the case that you are working with one. Before you begin any physical practice consult with you doctor and get the OK that you are ready to begin exercising. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Montuïri
Montuïri is municipality in central Majorca, one of the Balearic Islands, Spain. It is a small town built on a hill. Cyclist Gabriel Mas was born here. It is the birthplace of Macià Manera, ex-member of Terra Lliure imprisoned during the late 1980s and early 1990s. | WIKI |
Does CallBaseMethod () works for virtual property in FakeItEasy?
Question:
I have simple class
public class Simple { public virtual int VirtualProperty { get; set; } }
When i run (FakeItEasy.1.13.1)
var strict = A.Fake<Simple>(options => options.Strict()); A.CallTo(() => strict.VirtualProperty).CallsBaseMethod(); strict.VirtualProperty = 999;
I get an error
Call to non configured method "set_VirtualProperty" of strict fake.
And I have to
var strict = A.Fake<Simple>(options => options.Strict()); A.CallTo(strict).Where(a => a.Method.Name == "get_VirtualProperty").CallsBaseMethod(); A.CallTo(strict).Where(a => a.Method.Name == "set_VirtualProperty").CallsBaseMethod(); strict.VirtualProperty = 999;
Does CallBaseMethod () works for virtual property? What am I doing wrong?
Solution:2
Update: since 2.0.0 has been released, there's a more convenient way to configure a property setter in some cases.
As more light has been shone on this over at FakeItEasy Issue 175, it's become apparent that the real snag is that A.CallTo(() => strict.VirtualProperty).CallsBaseMethod() configures the property getter, but not the setter. After that configuration, get calls made on strict.VirtualProperty will call the base method (property).
However, there's no convenient way to configure the property setter. The workaround you have is about as good as it gets.
Note:If u also have question or solution just comment us below or mail us on toontricks1994@gmail.com
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-- Redford Says Alberta Wants Clarity on Investment Rules
Alberta Premier Alison Redford said
she wants the federal government to provide clarity on new rules
that limit investment by state-owned enterprises in the nation’s
oil sands . Redford, speaking on a conference call from Shanghai , said
she wants the government to clarify under what conditions it
would allow Chinese state-owned companies to make investments.
Harper last December said Canada would rule out further state-owned controlling investments in the oil sands other than in
“exceptional circumstances.” Redford also said the Canadian rules don’t appear to be
inhibiting long-term investment from China. To contact the reporter on this story:
Andrew Mayeda in Ottawa at
amayeda@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Paul Badertscher at
pbadertscher@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
God tells Moses to call Joshua forth, so that He may address him. The two stand before God at the tent of meeting, and He tells Moses that upon his death, the people will stray towards idolatry. God will punish them by hiding His presence, allowing evil to befall them. The people will say it is because God has abandoned them that such things have happened, but it is in fact their own behavior that has warranted God’s hiding. Therefore, God instructs Moses to write down a song which the people will learn, and which will serve as witness to the fact that their behavior determines their own fate. The Torah states that Moses records God’s song, which he teaches to the people. Then God finally turns to Joshua, reiterating Moses’s charge to be strong and courageous. He promises Joshua that He will remain with him as he leads the people into the Promised Land.
Virtual Classroom Discussion | FINEWEB-EDU |
Indian Association of Kickboxing Organisations
Indian Association of Kickboxing Organisations (IAKO) is the national federation of kickboxing in India. IAKO was formed in 1993 to control and promote kickboxing activities throughout the country. IAKO promotes amateur kickboxing and professional kickboxing (under the banner of IAKO Pro) in all the states, union territories and special armed forces across the country.
IAKO is the first among other martial arts federations recognised by School Games Federation of India (SGFI) since 2005 and is instrumental in introducing kickboxing in school games since 2006.
History of kickboxing in India
IAKO was first headquartered at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, in 1993. IAKO is a government-registered body under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860. IAKO represented WAKO in India as its national federation and under WAKO rules conducted the first national kickboxing championship in 1994 at Cuttack, Odisha. Kickboxing has been introduced into school and university games through IAKO.
Indian athletes have participated in Asian Games, Asian Indoor games, World championships, and World Martial Arts Games under the banner of IAKO and Indian Olympic Association. IAKO has its states' bodies to advance the sport and many of the IAKO state bodies have been recognised by the respective state Olympic association.
Tatami sports
* Musical form
* Aerokickboxing
* Point fighting or semi contact
* Light contact
* Kick light
Ring sports
* Full contact
* Low kick
* K-1
Achievements
* IAKO was granted authorisation of WAKO Pro in India and South Asian Kickboxing Organisation by Mr. Ennio Falsoni, World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO) president in 2004.
* IAKO is the first among other martial arts federations recognised by School Games Federation of India (SGFI) since 2005 and instrumental in introducing kickboxing in school games since 2006. And Association of Indian Universities (AIU) has become member of IAKO and included kickboxing in universities' games.
* IAKO represented by Er. Harichandan in the first ever anti doping seminar by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) & National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) in India on 6–7 October 2007 organised by MYAS, GOI & Sports Authority of India (SAI).
* Kickboxing has been included in the Asian Indoor Games since 2007, as a result Indian Olympic Association recognised kickboxing and IAKO as the national federation of kickboxing and send its team to take part in the Asian Indoor Games, Macau.
* WAKO President Dr. Ennio Falsoni along with his spouse and a world champion coach visited India during the "1st South Asian Kickboxing Referee Seminar" organised by WAKO South Asia held in Kolkata in the year 2008 in conjunction with IAKO 13th Sub Junior, 13th Junior & 14th Senior National Kickboxing Championship held on 5–10 August 2008 in SAI Sports Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal.
* Mr. Ennio Falsoni, overwhelmed by seeing the record breaking participation, was awarded the coveted WAKO 7th dan to Er. Harichandan, he appreciated the efforts of IAKO and Er. Harichandan for promoting and controlling WAKO India in right direction.
* IAKO team represented India for 1st Asian Martial Art Games of OCA on 1–9 August 2009 held at Bangkok, Thailand through Indian Olympic Association and received medals including a gold medal.
* Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Govt. of India recognised kickboxing and the IAKO by sanctioning a kickboxing team through IOA to take part in the Asian Indoor Games 2009 in Vietnam.
* Manjeet Singh Nagil & Kuldeep Kumar own bronze medal for India in WAKO World Cup Kickboxing on 31 May TO 3 June 2012 – Italy. | WIKI |
First, avoid the One-A-Day brand. All of the well-known One-A-Day products contain poor-quality products at low doses, and are full of unhealthy excipients, fillers, and preservatives. A high-quality multiple will require you to take three to six capsules a day, but will cover all the nutrients your body needs. For children, there are good liquid or powder multiples.
Any form of carbohydrate is eventually broken down by the body into glucose, a simple form of sugar. While the body can use glucose for fuel, levels that exceed what is needed are toxic to the body. In the long run, that whole wheat muffin, cup of millet, or bowl of oatmeal turns into the exact same thing as a cup of soda, a donut or a handful of candy.
These three are the axis of evil in the nutrition world. They are all new introductions to the human diet, especially in the forms they are most eaten in (processed flour, table sugar and High Fructose Corn Syrup and vegetable oils).As we already know, grains (especially in a highly processed form) not only raise insulin levels but can damage the lining of the gut, even in those with no official celiac disease. Grains also cause inflammation in the body and can initiate an immune response.
Thank you Dr. Hallberg!! I am a Family Nurse Practitioner who did tele-medicine for 5 years before retiring. At 66 years of age my doctor diagnosed me with Type II Diabetes. I refused to take the medication and instead opted for a 6 month trial to lose enough weight to make the difference. After 4 months I’d lost 8 pounds and still had high blood sugars. Then my husband’s PCP recommended watching your TedTalk. That was the beginning and we both jumped into LCHF/Keto with both feet using Diet Doctor and you as our main resources. My husband has lost 38 pounds and I have lost 42 pounds since November 2017. More importantly my lab results today were a HgbA1c of 5.3 with average blood glucose of 105. I have about 50 more pounds to go to be at a healthier weight BUT I owe you a big thank you!! Now I’m working to encourage others of my friends, family and coaching clients to give LCHF/Keto a try! Thanks!!!!
Recently[when?] it has been suggested that a type of gastric bypass surgery may normalize blood glucose levels in 80–100% of severely obese patients with diabetes. The precise causal mechanisms are being intensively researched; its results may not simply be attributable to weight loss, as the improvement in blood sugars seems to precede any change in body mass. This approach may become a treatment for some people with type 2 diabetes, but has not yet been studied in prospective clinical trials.[83] This surgery may have the additional benefit of reducing the death rate from all causes by up to 40% in severely obese people.[84] A small number of normal to moderately obese patients with type 2 diabetes have successfully undergone similar operations.[85][86]
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are chronic conditions that can only be managed using insulin, anti-diabetes medications, lifestyle changes, etc., but cannot be cured. Gestational diabetes generally resolves on itself after the delivery. If not managed properly, diabetes can cause several other complications, like hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, etc. Other serious and long-term complications include cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, etc.
Alcohol: Alcohol can dangerously increase blood sugar and lead to liver toxicity. Research published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that there was a 43 percent increased incidence of diabetes associated with heavy consumption of alcohol, which is defined as three or more drinks per day. (8) Beer and sweet liquors are especially high in carbohydrates and should be avoided.
One benefit of these foods is that they generally promote weight loss, which is a major factor in reversing diabetes. A study following 306 diabetic individuals found that losing weight under a structured program (with the supervision of a primary care physician) resulted in almost half of the participants going into total diabetes remission. This means they were able to stay off their medications permanently (assuming they stayed on a healthy diet). Quality of life also improved by over seven points on average for the patients on the dietary regimen, while it decreased by about three points for the control group. (13)
High doses of magnesium may cause diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, irregular heart rate, and confusion. It can interact with certain medications, such as those for osteoporosis, high blood pressure (calcium channel blockers), as well as some antibiotics, muscle relaxants, and diuretics.
The first approach to managing diabetes usually means practicing healthier lifestyle habits. This is often centered on eating a better diet, getting exercise, and losing weight if necessary. If your doctor says that you need to make these changes, it’s smart to tailor them to your personal preferences so that you'll be more likely to stick with them.
Carbs and fats provide energy for the body. When carbs are limited in the diet, fat becomes the preferred and efficient fuel source. When you reduce your intake of one macronutrient, you have to increase your intake of at least one other macronutrient—otherwise you’ll feel hungry and not have enough energy. The low-fat craze started with flawed science that incorrectly stated that fat was dangerous. In a low carb, high-fat diet, fat provides you with the energy your body needs, and also helps knock out hunger and cravings.
Type 2 diabetes is usually first treated by increasing physical activity, and eliminating saturated fat and reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake with a goal of losing weight. These can restore insulin sensitivity even when the weight loss is modest, for example around 5 kg (10 to 15 lb), most especially when it is in abdominal fat deposits. Diets that are very low in saturated fats have been claimed to reverse insulin resistance.[79][80]
On a personal note, I always encourage full disclosure of a history of diabetes, even if currently diet controlled. Although a glucose level may now be within normal range, certain medical treatments/medications/illnesses may trigger a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) level. The fully informed medical provider will closely monitor these patients and prevent uncontrolled glucose spikes from occurring.
According to the 2017 National Diabetes Statistics Report, over 30 million people living in the United States have diabetes. That’s almost 10 percent of the U.S. population. And diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, causing, at least in part, over 250,000 deaths in 2015. That’s why it’s so important to take steps to reverse diabetes and the diabetes epidemic in America.
Katie Wells, CTNC, MCHC, Founder and CEO of Wellness Mama, has a background in research, journalism, and nutrition. As a mom of six, she turned to research and took health into her own hands to find answers to her health problems. WellnessMama.com is the culmination of her thousands of hours of research and all posts are medically reviewed and verified by the Wellness Mama research team. Katie is also the author of the bestselling books The Wellness Mama Cookbook and The Wellness Mama 5-Step Lifestyle Detox.
Glycemic control is a medical term referring to the typical levels of blood sugar (glucose) in a person with diabetes mellitus. Much evidence suggests that many of the long-term complications of diabetes, especially the microvascular complications, result from many years of hyperglycemia (elevated levels of glucose in the blood). Good glycemic control, in the sense of a "target" for treatment, has become an important goal of diabetes care, although recent research suggests that the complications of diabetes may be caused by genetic factors[15] or, in type 1 diabetics, by the continuing effects of the autoimmune disease which first caused the pancreas to lose its insulin-producing ability.[16]
A: Fasting plasma glucose and weight change 2 years after randomization either to gastric banding or to intensive medical therapy for weight loss and glucose control. Data plotted with permission from Dixon et al. (13). B: Early changes in fasting plasma glucose level following pancreatoduodenal bypass surgery. A decrease into the normal range was seen within 7 days. Reproduced with permission from Taylor (98).
Change in fasting plasma glucose (A), 2 h post-oral glucose tolerance test (B), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B) insulin secretion (C) during the 16-year follow-up in the Whitehall II study. Of the 6,538 people studied, diabetes developed in 505. Time 0 was taken as the diagnosis of diabetes or as the end of follow-up for those remaining normoglycemic. Redrawn with permission from Tabák et al. (80).
Jump up ^ Arora, Karandeep Singh; Binjoo, Nagesh; Reddy, G. V. Ramachandra; Kaur, Prabhpreet; Modgil, Richa; Negi, Lalit Singh (2015-01-01). "Determination of normal range for fasting salivary glucose in Type 1 diabetics". Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. 5 (5): 377–82. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.165923. ISSN 2231-0762. PMC 4606601. PMID 26539389.
Magnesium is high in green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, and grains, but we remove most beans and all grains from the diet of patients, which is why using magnesium as part of a natural remedy for diabetes can be beneficial. Low intracellular magnesium can cause insulin resistance. Dosing of up to 500 mg a day is fine, but higher than that may result in diarrhea in patients.
And when I talk about reducing certain carbohydrates, I mainly mean reducing your intake of refined carbohydrates such as pasta, rice and bread. Non starchy vegetables (such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower) are fine and can be eaten in abundance. Many fruits are packed with carbohydrates, so if you’re trying to reduce your carb intake, try and limit your intake to low-carb fruit, such as rhubarb, watermelon, berries, peaches and blackberries.
Another remedy for the treatment of diabetes is to take one half cup of the seeds that have been heated and a half cup of water cress seeds (mustard seeds can be substituted) and a 1/4 cup of ground pomegranate peel. Place these all in a blender and pulse well to a fine powder. Add in 1/8 cup of fumitory. Each day take one teaspoon of the ground powder and one teaspoon of the oil, one hour before you eat. Do this for at least one month.
Type 2 diabetes is usually first treated by increasing physical activity, and eliminating saturated fat and reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake with a goal of losing weight. These can restore insulin sensitivity even when the weight loss is modest, for example around 5 kg (10 to 15 lb), most especially when it is in abdominal fat deposits. Diets that are very low in saturated fats have been claimed to reverse insulin resistance.[79][80]
The good news though is that this can be delayed, and we can do something about preventing and managing the early stages of diabetes through simple lifestyle modifications, and the body will remember these efforts if they can be maintained early in the diagnosis and for as long as possible. This in turn will delay the progression of diabetes and development of diabetes complications.
Primary Care Provider: Your primary care provider is the provider you see for general checkups or when you get sick. Your primary care provider may also be the one who refers you to specialists or other team members. Other health care providers who provide primary care include nurse practitioners and physician assistants, who typically work with a physician.
Treatment for diabetes requires keeping close watch over your blood sugar levels (and keeping them at a goal set by your doctor) with a combination of medications, exercise, and diet. By paying close attention to what and when you eat, you can minimize or avoid the "seesaw effect" of rapidly changing blood sugar levels, which can require quick changes in medication dosages, especially insulin.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
William N. Vander Loop
William N. Vander Loop (December 6, 1932 – December 28, 2021) was an American politician who was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for the 5th District.
Background
During the Korean War, he served in the United States Army. He was married with five children. Vander Loop died at home on December 28, 2021, at the age of 89.
Political career
Vander Loop was first elected to the Assembly in 1990. Additionally, he was a Kaukauna, Wisconsin, alderman from 1983 to 1991. He was a Democrat. | WIKI |
Optics/Evidence for light as a stream of particles
Light is the thing we define as the visible part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves.
With the help of the impulse of a particle and the impulse of a(n) (electromagnetic) wave, evidence for light being a stream of particles and vice versa can be found.
The impulse/momentum of a "normal particle" is defined as:
$$p(\text{particle}) = mv$$
A scientist named Louis de Broglie found that the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave can be approached with planck's constant and the impulse of the waves. The formula looks like this:
$$\lambda = {h \over p}$$
or
$$p(\text{EM}) = {h \over \lambda}$$
Applying $$p = mv$$, we get:
$$\lambda = {h \over {mv}}$$
Rearranging the above equation, we have:
$${h \over \lambda} = mv$$
Which is equivalent to:
$$p(\text{EM}) = p(\text{particle})$$
Therefore, we conclude that an electromagnetic wave is just a stream of particles and vice-versa. | WIKI |
USS Chase
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Chase.
* USS Chase (DD-323), a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1921 and decommissioned in 1930. It was named after Reuben Chase.
* USS Chase (DE-158), a Buckley-class destroyer escort, commissioned in 1943 and decommissioned in 1946. It was named for Admiral Jehu V. Chase.
Other ships
* USS Edgar G. Chase, a WWII Evarts-class destroyer escort
* USS Samuel Chase, a WWII Arthur Middleton-class attack transport, named for signer of the Declaration of Independence Samuel Chase | WIKI |
Tuesday, February 21, 2012
Adirondack Wildlife in Winter: The Raccoon
All mammals experience difficulty sleeping when it becomes too warm. Because of an insulating layer of fat and an exceptionally thick, dense coat of fur, this temperature is far lower for members of our wildlife community in winter than during summer. From Thanksgiving through early April, several successive nights with the air hovering around the freezing point is warm enough to cause the raccoon to stir from its prolonged winter slumber and emerge from its den. If the wind is light and there is no precipitation falling, this familiar nocturnal marauder begins to explore the surrounding area for anything edible.
Like the black bear and skunk, the raccoon experiences a type of winter dormancy known as carnivorean lethargy. Throughout the autumn, these creatures ingest large quantities of food in order to develop substantial deposits of fat. As weather conditions deteriorate with the onset of winter, the raccoon settles into a sheltered spot, often in a large chamber of a standing tree several dozen feet above the forest floor. Around the towns and villages of the Park, the raccoon is known to use enclosures inside an unused garage or barn or the attic of a camp or seasonal home.
Unlike a true hibernator, such as the bat, jumping mouse and woodchuck, the raccoon does not experience a substantial drop in its metabolism during this period of inactivity. While its heart rate, level of respiration and body temperature do decline, the amount which they decrease is small when compared to the rates of those mammals that hibernate. Because the brain of the raccoon does not shut down during its form of torpor, it can awaken more easily than a true hibernator should its space be invaded by an intruder or thermal conditions around it warm significantly.
During mild spells, the raccoon takes advantage of any edible items that it happens to detect in the nearby surroundings. The winterkilled remains of creatures unable to tolerate the shortage of food and the harsh weather of the winter season are a prime source of food for this opportunistic scavenger. The keen sense of smell which the raccoon possesses also enables it to locate numerous plant items, like a cluster of tree seeds or beechnuts that would be passed over by other similar size animals that more specifically target small game. With a limited amount of snow on the forest floor, the raccoon can more easily plunder the caches created by mice and voles than during a more typical winter. A raid on the nest of any squirrel that happens to fall within the reach of this skilled climber is also possible as the raccoon prowls for food in late winter.
Along with its quest for food, the raccoon also seeks out the location of other raccoons at this time of year. In the Adirondacks, males usually exit their den by the first week of March, regardless of weather conditions to find breeding partners. Mating several weeks before the equinox causes the young to be born during the first half of May. This is the time when breeding frogs and salamanders become fairly easy prey for this sharp-clawed critter. An influx of such protein enriched food enables the female to nurse her newborn babies with an adequate supply of milk. Later in May there are painted turtle eggs and nesting waterfowl to maintain the developing raccoon family with the nutrients needed for growth.
While some mating might occur prior to the first week of March, most females are not receptive quite yet. This prevents the young from being born too early in spring when a mild February causes these animals to stir from their sleep.
A light deposit of snow almost every night over the past week has not been sufficient to warrant shoveling the driveway, or going back country skiing; however, the fresh covering of powder has been perfect for observing animal tracks. The unmistakable footprints produced by the long-toed raccoon have been encountered numerous times around my home as our nighttime temperatures this past week have been more reminiscent of early April than mid February. While the calendar indicates that we are still in the depths of winter, the weather pattern that has taken hold is indicating it is time for sleeping animals to awaken. It is very much like having too many covers over your bed when someone has failed to turn down the heat at night. Inevitably, the discomfort forces you to get up and cool down a little, and while you are up, you might just as well visit the kitchen for a quick snack before heading back to sleep.
Photo courtesy Wikipedia.
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Kid next to water
Tom Kalinowski
Tom Kalinowski is an avid outdoor enthusiast who taught field biology and ecology at Saranac Lake High School for 33 years. He has written numerous articles on natural history for Adirondack Life, The Conservationist, and Adirondack Explorer magazines and a weekly nature column for the Lake Placid News. In addition, Tom’s books, An Adirondack Almanac, and his most recent work entitled Adirondack Nature Notes, focuses on various events that occur among the region’s flora and fauna during very specific times of the calendar year. He also spends time photographing wildlife. Tom’s pictures have appeared in various publications across the New York State.
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Bare minimum files needed to package with my own python application
Hi, I’d like to give my python application dnn_superres . Which files do I need to provide to the end user in my application? Will I need to build the dll’s for each os and package them with my app, or is there a pip command that can get the pre-built dlls for the users OS?
Cheers :+1:
do NOT try to supply your own dlls, they wont work for apple / linux /raspi users.
instead, make your users run
pip install opencv-contrib-python
Thanks very much, job sorted :+1: Now for the fun bit, learning all the available functions and models. Can the deep learning models be pip installed by the way, or do they need to be shipped with the addon?
no. you have to find your own way
what is an “addon” ?
the superres dnn models can be downloaded from here
1 Like
Thanks again, an addon is just what I call the software because it runs in another software.
I was struggling to find any licence information regarding bundling the models with my code. Do you know if the licence permits it? I was going to bundle several of the models hopefully.
license for both codeand models is apache2
That’s perfect, thanks very much for you help, you’re a legend :+1:
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
THE STATE ex rel. CHARLES L. FLAUGH et al. v. BENJAMIN JAUDON, City Treasurer, and KANSAS CITY.
In Banc,
December 31, 1921.
1. TAXATION: Assessment: Valuations By State Board. The final valuations fixed by the State Board of Equalization, whether completed before or after June 1st, govern the amount of state and county taxes. County officers and agencies must await the action of the State Board before they can fully complete their tax books or fix the assessed value of properties in the county.
2. -: Valuations in Kansas City: State Standard. The Constitution in declaring that the valuation of property for city taxes shall not exceed the valuation for state and county taxes means the valuation of property in the city fixed for state and county taxes, for the year when all these taxes, state, county and city, are to be paid. The City Assessor need not fix his valuation as high as that for state and county taxes, but that does not change the fact that the valuation made by the state officers for state and county taxes must be his measuring standard of value, and the standard he must observe is the valuation for state and county taxes made for the year in which the taxes are to be paid.
3. -: -: City Assessment: Completed Before State Valuation. The charter of Kansas City requires the City Assessor on or before March 15th of each year, to make a return to the City Clerk of “a full and complete assessment of all property, real and personal, in said city on the first day of January next preceding,” and authorizes the Board of Appeals to correct inequalities and errors in his assessments, and requires the City Clerk to present to the Common Council, at its first meeting for the fiscal year, which is made to begin on the third Monday in April, said assessment hooks so corrected; and all these things were done. Held, that the assessment made by the City Assessor and filed with the City Clerk was a valid assessment, if the valuations did not exceed the valuation made by the State Board of Equalization, although it was made in advance of the final valuation made by the State Board; and being valid and complete, the assessment books could not be re-opened and additional assessments made to conform the valuations to those made by the State Board.
4. -: -: -: Increase After Increase By State Board. Under the Charter of Kansas City, the City Assessor, having completed his assessment of properties within the city and delivered his assessment books to the City Clerk, could not re-possess himself of them, and make increases in his valuations to conform to an increased valuation made by the State Board of Equalization thereafter made, but any subsequent assessment, to conform to such increase, is void; and the fact that the City Auditor had not made the extensions therein before the State Board acted, but did so thereafter, does not prevent the assessment from being complete, for the extensions and the delivery of the books by him to the City Treasurer are purely ministerial acts. When all the city agencies have acted and their acts are in conformity with the city charter and the State Constitution, the city assessment is closed, and cannot be opened on the theory that the State Board of Equalization, after such city assessment was complete, took final action by which the valuation of properties in the city, as made by the county officers for state and county taxes, was increased twenty per cent.
5. -: Tender of Amount Due: Mandamus: Several Relators. Six taxpayers, who have tendered all the taxes due under an assessment admitted to be valid, although in different amounts, may be joined as relators in a mandamus suit, where the only issue sought to be litigated is whether an increase in the assessments made by the city officers in an attempt to conform the valuations to the increase made by the State Board of Equalization after the tax books were completed, was valid, and the only purpose of the suit is to compel the city treasurer to accept the taxes tendered as all that are due from relators.
6. -: -: -: Other Taxpayers Similarly Situated. But the attempt to join as relators other taxpayers similarly situated, for whom the taxes legally due from them is not tendered, is not permissible in mandamus, and no writ as to them can go; but the allegations bringing them in may be regarded as surplusage, and the petition and alternative writ be good as to the taxpayers named who have made tender of all the taxes legally due from them, and the question whether an attempted assessment of further taxes against them was legal may be adjudicated, that being the only disputed question in the case.
Mandamus.
WRIT ISSUED.
A. N. Gossett and W. W. Greene for relators.
(1) As the State Constitution provides that all-property subject to taxation shall he taxed in proportion to its value; and as the Charter of Kansas City in its entire general-property taxation scheme and plan not only contemplates hut expressly provides for a completely made, revised and returned assessment as the sole basis upon which the City Council can fix the rate for levy and collect such general property taxes, it necessarily follows that no city official can have authority to change the assessment as it was so completed before the council when the rate and levying ordinance is enacted, in this case on April 20, 1920. The power of a city to assess and levy taxes cannot be implied and when a complete scheme is expressed for the exercise of such power that method must be strictly observed and followed. All other is excluded. The city cannot levy such taxes until the assessment has been completely made and returned to the Common Council. Mo. Constitution, Art. 10, sec. 4; Warrensburg v. Miller, 77 Mo. 56; State ex rel. Harvey v. Cook, 82 Mo. 187; Howard v. Hicks, 88 Mo. 456; St. Louis & San Francisco Ry. v. Appprson, 97 Mo. 300; Hannibal v. Bowman, 98 Mo. App. 108. (2) The Constitution also provides that the valuation of property in assessing it for purposes of city taxation shall not exceed the valuation (assessment) of the same property for State and county (taxation) purposes, hut this is not a command that city assessments shall equal county assessments. It is a limit beyond which a city assessment cannot go, hut below which it may fall; a maximum not a minimum limit; hence, a city assessment cannot exceed the last complete State and county assessment preceding the time when the city assessment under its charter must he completed. The city cannot hold its assessment in abeyance awaiting completion of an incomplete or future state and county assessment for its maximum limit, hut cannot exceed the last fully completed state and county valuation. In this case such maximum is the assessment made as of June 1, 1918, acted on by the State Board of Equalization in 1919, and being fortuitously so completed the same in amount as the County Assessor’s valuations as of June 1, 1919, before the State Equalization Board’s action thereon of June 1, 1920, the very day the city taxes of 1920 became due after its assessment was hound legally to be and in fact was completed on or before March 15, 1920. Mo. Constitution, art. 10, sec. 11; City Charter, art. 5, sec. 6, et seq.; St. Joseph Lead Co. v. Simms, 108 Mo. 222. (3) Respondents attempt to justify the increases complained of by relators by claiming to have had the City Auditor hold land book until the order of the State Board of Equalization was made affecting the assessment for state and county purposes, and the city assess- or then repossessing himself of said land book and marking the figures on same and drawing line through the valuations and amounts of taxes due as then fixed and shown by said book. There is no authority either in the City Charter, the ordinances or laws of this State authorizing it. Authority of Assessor to act must be found in the statutes: City of Carondelet to use v. Picot, 38 Mo. 125; State v. St. Louis County Court, 13 Mo. App. 53; City of Hannibal v. Bowman, 98 Mo. App. 108. Tax assessment made by tbe assessor is the basis of the tax and if the assessment is void the tax is void. Hannibal ex rel. v. Bowman, 98 Mo. App. 103; State ex rel. Wyatt v. Wabash Ry. Co., 114 Mo. 11; State ex rel. v. Edwards, 136 Mo. 360 ; State ex rel. v. Thompson, 149 Mo. 441; Welty on Assessments, p. 36; Cooly on Taxation (2 Ed.), p. 42, note 35; Hamilton v. Ansden, 88 Ind. 304; Whitney y. Thomas, 23 N. Y. 281. (4) If the valuation is to be increased the taxpayer should be given notice. Art. 5, sec. 15, City Charter; State ex rel. v. Alt. 224 Mo. 507; Haga v. Reclamation Dist., Ill U. S. 710; County of Santa Clara v. Railway,’ 18 Fed. 409. (5) Mandamus is an entirely proper, efficient and allowable remedy, especially in case of such moment, as the one at bar. And, as in injunction cases, taxpayers similarly situated, all affected in the same manner and entitled to the same common relief, are entitled to join in such proceeding praying for the writ. State ex rel. v. Speer, 223 S. W. 655; State ex rel. v. Reynolds, 270 Mo. 599; State ex rel. v. Alt, 224 Mo. 493; American Mfg. Co. v. Ault, 384 S. W. 1167; State ex rel. v. St. Louis School Bd., 131 Mo. 505; State v. Tyler, 48 Conn. 145.
E. M. Barber, M. Á. Fyke and F. M. Hayward fox-respondents.
(1) The writ of mandamus is an extraordinary writ —it is not analogous to a suit in equity. To entitle relator to the writ, he must have a clear legal right to the specific thing demanded; he must have made a specific demand for the specific thing demanded; he must be without other adequate remedy; he must not demand more than he is legally entitled to; he must show that it is the legal duty of respondent to comply with his demand. The writ in this case ought to be quashed because: 1st. The relators cannot jointly maintain the action. 2nd. The relators cannot invoke, the writ in behalf of others similarly situated. 3rd. It is not averred that “others similarly situated have offered to pay the tax confessedly legal.” 4th. It is not shown that it was the duty of the City Treasurer, or that he had any power or authority to receive and receipt in full any amount other than the amount shown upon the tax books when delivered to him, and with which he stands charged. State ex rel. v. .Fraker, 166 Mo. 130; 13 Ency. Pleading & Practice, 646; High on Extrordinary Remedies, 434-39, 26 Cyc. 395, note 14; People v. Morgan, 89 N. Y. S. 832; ITeck-art v. Roberts, 9 Md. 41; Hoxey v. County Commrs., 25 Me. 333; State ex rel. v. City of Néw Orleans, 52 La. Ann. 1639; Haskins v. Sups, of Scott Co., 51 Miss. 406. (2) How is the city assessor to arrive at a standard of valuation? He must of necessity look to the standard of valuation made by the State and county authorities, and keep within the constitutional limitations. This standard of valuation he cannot exceed. It is argued he may make his standard less. The State Board of Equalization is the body in which, is vested the power to fix and determine the standard of value for taxation. Secs. 11348, 11384,11371,11392,11402,11403, 11411,11412, and 11414, R. S. 1909. The provisions of our city charter must be in harmony with these statutes. City Charter, sec. 1, art. 5; sec. 3, art. 5; sec. 6, art. 5. From these it will be seen property for taxation for the fiscal year 1920, was to be valued at not what it may have been worth in 1918 or 1919, but at what it was worth when the assessment was made, for so far as personal property is concerned there might be large amounts held or owned in the city, January 1, 1920, which was not in existence or not in the city when the assessments were made for the years ,1918 or 1919. (3) The City Assessor being required to assess property at its cash value, and being limited by the Constitution to not exceeding the value fixed for State and county taxation, could not unalterably fix a standard of value until the State Board of Equalization had fixed- and established that standard, and when the State Board fixed'the cash value that was the standard for the City Assessor. If the State Board of Equalization had acted promptly, perhaps no difficulty would have arisen. St Louis & San Francisco Ry. Co. v. Gracy, 126 Mo. 485 ; State ex rel. v. Stamm, 165 Mo. 83; State ex rel. v. Phillips, 137 Mo. 259. (4) There is no provision in the charter that the assessment for city taxes shall be based on the valuation for any previous year. Hence the valuation for taxes for the fiscal year 1920 must he based upon the value as and when fixed by the State authorities for State and county purposes, for that year. Charter sec. 26, art. 18; Glasgow v. Rowse, 43 Mo. 487. Certainly the values for 1918 are not to he taken as a standard for 1920; assessments are required to he made each year. (5) If we concede that the assessment made by the County Assessor between June 1,1919 and January 1,1920 (R. S. 11384), and which he is required to make out and return on or before the 20th of January each year (Sec. 11392), is to be taken as a standard by the City Assessor, yet it will be seen that such an assessment is not final and complete until reviewed by the State Board, and when so reviewed and equalized this is the standard for both the county and city assessor. (6) It was the assessment made by the County Assessor between June 1, 1919 and January 1, 1920, that was increased by the State Board, and if it be true that the standard of 1919, as fixed by the State Board, is the standard which governs, then the City Assessor properly made his assessment thereon as fixed by the State Board. (7) The fact that the Board of Appeals of the city had met and adjourned is immaterial, because by Sec. 15, Art. 5, of the Charter: “The board of appeals has no power or authority to change the rate or standard of valuation adopted by the assessor. ’ ’ The standard adopted by the City Assessor was the standard fixed by the State Board. Mayor v. Opel, 49 Mo. 190; North Mo. Ry. Co. v. Maguire, 49 Mo. 482.
GRAVES, J.
Original action in mandamus. Re-lators are some six taxpayers of Kansas City, Missouri, who sue for themselves, and other taxpayers similarity situated. Respondents are Kansas City, and Benjamin Jaudon, the Treasurer of such city.
Upon application this court granted an alternative writ, to which return was duly made, raising some questions of facts. To this relators filed their reply, and the parties thereupon filed an agreed statement of facts, as follows:
“Agreed Statement of Pacts.
“It is hereby stipulated and agreed as to the facts and acts set forth and mentioned in the petition or application and alternative writ herein as follows, viz:
“(1) The City Assessor did go through the form of maldng the City Assessment and did prepare a Land Assessment Booh for the year 1920, and did append his affidavit of verification and certificate of verity thereto in the form required by the Charter of Kansas City, and did deliver such book to the City Clerk at his office on March 15, 1920;
“(2) The City Board of Appeals did hold its sessions and did go through the form of performing their duties in respect to such assessment book prior to April 19,1920.
“(3) The City Clerk did have such assessment book and present the same to or had the same accessible to the Common Council on April 19, 1920, and the City Council did, on April 19, 1920, pass the ordinance fixing the rate of tax levy for 1920, and the same was approved by the Mayor on April 20, 1920, and a certified copy thereof with such Land Book was delivered to the City Auditor on or about April 20, 1920.
“(4) The City Auditor did thereupon go through the form of extending the taxes at the rate specified in said ordinance, in figures and in the appropriate columns on the City’s such “Land Book for 1920” on the assessments as thereon shown and the words and figures thereon shown purporting to be the respective assessment valuations as stated in said petition and alternative writ to have existed and been thereon prior to June 1, 1920, and attached thereto his certificate as required by City Charter dated May 17, 1920.
“ (5) On May 24, 1920, the State Board of Equalization had not completed its labors and the values to be fixed by it for assessment of real estate in Kansas City had not been determined, and for that reason the City Auditor did not deliver the land tax boohs to the City Assessor, but the same were held until it should be determined whether the State Board increased or decreased the land values, so that if the same were increased or decreased the City Assessor could make an assessment to conform to the values fixed by the State Board, and after the State Board acted the City Assessor did make the assessment conform to the values fixed by said board and thereafter the .land tax books were delivered to respondent, Ben Jaudon, City Treasurer.
“(6) The state and county assessments made as of June 1, 1918, and as of June 1, 1919, were the same except as to the twenty per cent raise in land valuation made by the State Equalization Board on the June 1, 1919, assessment, on June 1, 1920, and the figures of the City Assessor made prior to June 1, 192:0, in his books for the city assessment for the year 1920, were the same as such state and county assessment valuations as they were prior to June 1, 1920.
“The Relators were severally the owners of the several tracts of real estate described in .their petition, which, several tracts of land were entered on said Land Assessment Tax Books and appear to have been so assessed, and the taxes so levied and extended upon said book for the several amounts as originally made prior to June 1,1920, and later the several amounts were changed after the first day of June, 1920, drawing lines through the amounts of assessment valuations and amounts of taxes shown on such Land Book prior thereto and writing amounts of respective valuations and taxes and increasing the same twenty per cent as to each tract over the amounts as originally written therein, and that the amounts tendered by the relators to the respondent, Benjamin Jaudon, City Treasurer, on June 30, 1920, were the amounts as shown to be the amount of taxes due severally on their respective tracts of land prior to June 1, 1920, and prior to making such changes on. said Land Assessment Book after June 1, 1920.
“(7) In so far as the various city officers could perform their duties in making and completing such purported assessment valuations, purported extentions of the tax levy, and making and delivering said Land Tax Book of 1920, before June 1, 1920, and doing other acts above mentioned before that date, the same all were legally done, and in so far as they could do any of the same on or after June 1,1920, the same were legally done.
“(8) It is the intention of this stipulation to do away with the necessity of taking evidence in support of the facts alleged in pleadings in this cause and to rest the case upon the question whether the City Assessor could hold in abeyance the city assessment until after the State Board of Equalization had acted, and then to make the city assessment to conform to the values fixed by said board.
“Each party, however, reserving the right to make and present any other contention deemed proper “upon the pleadings or this statement.
< < ip]iere is submitted with this stipulation a true copy of all entries on the Land Book of 1920 relative to one of the tracts of land of Relator Willard N. Munroe, showing the visual appearance of such book as to such tract, and the same is illustrative of such book as to the other tracts of land thereon and therein, and the same respective matters relative thereto appear in such book as to all land tracts therein.
“It is also agreed that the respective officially certified copies of the City Levying Ordinance, of the C'ity Assessor’s affidavit and certificate upon and attached to the said Land Book of 1920 and of the City Auditor’s certificate thereto and the verified copy of the City Treasurer’s receipt of such book, filed as exhibits with the petition or application of Relator for the writ herein, shall be considered in evidence and as a part of this stipulation. ’ ’
There is a slight controversy over the agreed facts, but it is immaterial, as we view the turning question in the case. Upon the pleadings and these agreed facts the case was submitted here.
The first four paragraphs of the agreed facts indicate that the city official was getting his Land Tax Book ready at the dates and within the times prescribed by the City Charter. Under such charter the City Board of Appeals had ho right to raise or lower assessments in general.
The crux of the case lies in the fact that after the city assessor had prepared his Land Tax Books for 1920, and after the other agencies of the city had acted thereon, the State Board of Equalization raised the land assessments, in Kansas City, made June 1, 1919, to January 1, 1920, twenty per cent. The city assessor,, then raised his assessments twenty per cent, with the result that all land taxes in Kansas City were increased twenty per cent.
By this action, the six named relators, after having tendered their taxes, as they stood upon the book before this raise, ask this court to compel the city and its treasurer to receive the same in full of their city taxes for the year 1920. It is alleged that some $500,000 in taxes are involved by this twenty per cent raise made by the State Board of Equalization. The points made, and the further applicable facts, are left to the opinion. This outlines the case.
I. The charter provisions, the constitutional provisions, and the statutory provisions are all material, in the solving of the mixed question here involved. Section 11, of Article X of the Constitution, in so far as here applicable, provides:
“Taxes for county, city, town and school purposes may be levied on all subjects and objects of taxation; but the valuation of property therefor shall not exceed the valuation of the same property in such town, city or school district for state and county purposes. . . . For city and town purposes the annual rate on property in cities and towns having thirty thousand inhabitants or more shall not, in the aggregate, exceed one hundred cents on the one hundred dollars valuation.”
This case requires the consideration of the State as well as the city, scheme of assessment. We talte the State scheme first. By Section 11348 the assessor is required “between the first days of June and January, and after being furnished with the necessary books and blanks, by the county clerk at the expense of the county, proceed to take a list of the taxable personal property . . . and assess the value thereof in the manner following, to-wit: He shall call at the office, place of doing business or residence of each person required by this chapter to list property, and shall require such person to mqke a correct statement of all taxable property owned by such person, or under the care, charge or management of such person, except merchandise which may be required to pay a license tax, being in any county in this State, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter; and the person listing the property shall enter a true and correct statement of such property in a printed or written blank prepared for that purpose; which statement, after being filled out, shall be signed and sworn to, to the extent required by this chapter, by the person listing the property, and delivered to the assessor. Such list shall contain: First, a list of all the real estate and its value, to be listed and assessed on the first day of June, 1893, and every year thereafter, anything in this or any other section to -the contrary.”
So that, in each year from June 1st to the following January 1st, there must be listed and1 assessed all real estate, and it might be added all personal property, but such, is not here involved. This assessment so made forms the basis for the state and county taxes of the next year, or the year beginning with the January 1st, upon which the assessment by the assessor is presumed to close. Between June 1,1919, and January 1,1920, the County Assessor of Jackson County, in which Kansas City is located, is presumed to have assessed the real estate of such county, including' said city. This is to be done annually as required by this section, and as also* by Section 11373, Eevised Statutes 1909. Section 11392, Revised Statutes 1909, thus provides: »
“The assessor, except in St. Louis City, shall make out and return to the county court, on or before the twentieth day of January in every year, a fair copy of the assessor’s book verified. . . . And the clerk of the county court shall immediately malee out an abstract of the assessment book, showing aggregate footings of the different columns, so as to set forth the aggregate amount of the different kinds of real and personal property and the valuation thereof, and forward the same to the State Auditor to be laid before the State Board of Equalization.”
By Section 11402, a county board of equalization is provided for each county, but this board, under Section 11403, which defines its power and duties, cannot reduce the valuation fixed by the State Board of Equalization.
The state board, under Section 11411, shall meet on the last Wednesday in February, but no time is fixed for the completion of its work. The relevant portions of Sections 11412 and 11414, thus read :
Section 11412 provides: “The State Auditor shall lay before the Board of Equalization the abstracts of all the taxable property in the State . . . and the board shall proceed to equalize the valuation of each class thereof among the respective counties of the State in the following manner: First, it shall add to the valuation of each class of the property, real or personal of each county, which it believes to be valued below its real value in money such per centum as will increase the same in each case to its true volume. Second, it shall deduct from the valuation of each class of the property, real or personal, of each county, which it believes to be valued above its real value in money such per centum as will reduce the same in each case to its true value.”
Sections 11414 provides: “When the State Board of Equalization shall have completed its labors, the State Auditor shall immediately transmit to each' county clerk the per centum added to or deducted from the valuation pf the property of his country, specifying the percentage added to or deducted from the real property and the personal property, respectively, and also the value of the real and personal property of his county as equalized by said hoard; and the said clerk shall furnish one copy thereof to the assessor and one copy to he laid before the annual county hoard of equalization. ’ ’
The assessment upon which the State and county taxes for 1920 were to he paid could not be known until the State Board of Equalization had concluded its work. When so concluded, and not before, could be determined the assessed value of lands and other property in Kansas City. Their work from the last Wednesday in February, 1920, to the, date of the conclusion of their work, was the thing that finally fixed these property values. Other agencies following must await the action of the State Board of Equalization, before they can fully complete their tax books. These other agencies may have properly fixed their local rates, hut they could not fix the assessed value, and the amount of the tax until the conclusion of the work by the State Board, and its certification to the County Clerk, by the Auditoi-. So that, delay of the State Board may very properly occasion delays of other officials. We are now speaking solely of state and county taxes, and the state agencies dealing with them. So too, as we have before us the land tax for .1920, our remarks should be so limited. So far as the state and county taxes for 1920, in Jackson County, and in Kansas City, as a part of such county, is concerned, it is clear that there was no completed assessment, for such taxes, until after the city authorities had done the things mentioned in paragraph 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the agreed facts quoted, supra. It is also clear that as to state and county taxes, the final value fixed by the State Board, would govern the amounts of the' state and county taxes. This discussion we make in advance of the real matter in issue, and as a basis for the discussion to follow.
II. From what has been said county officers must wait the action of the State Board of Equalization, and cannot determine the exact amounts of either state or county taxes due from the respective taxpayers, until such board has completed its work. Not only so, but their action must be upon the assessment made between June and January of the year before the board acts in the completion of the assessment. The course of action under the Kansas City charter is as follows:
By Section 7 of Article IY (Charter of 3908) the Mayor appoints an Assessor, by and with the consent of the Upper House of the- Common Council. By Section 6 of Article Y of said charter such city Assessor is required on or before March 15th of each year to make a return to the City Clerk, of “a full and complete assessment of all property, real and personal, in said city on the first day of January next preceding.” Real estate is required to be reported in separate volumes. The form of these real estate books is prescribed by Section 11 of said Article V. Section 12 provides for such Assessor ’s certificate to the books, and the delivery to the Common Council, through the City Clerk. Section 13 provides for a Board of Appeals, and prescribes therefor two meetings annually, the first, for six days, beginning on the 3rd Monday in March, and the second for six days, beginning on the first Mónday in April. Section 15 gives the general duties and powers of this board, but in it is found this clause: ‘‘But that said board shall have no power to change the rate or standard of value adopted by the Assessor.” It can, however, correct inequalities, and errors, having- in view the standard. Section 26 of Article 18 fixes the fiscal year of Kansas City as beginning-on third Monday in April. Section 16 of Article V provides that the City Clerk shall present to the Lower House of the Common Council at its first meeting for the fiscal year the assessment books, and that the Common Council shall thereupon proceed by ordinance to levy the taxes for the fiscal year. By Section 17 of Article V it is provided that, on the next day after the ordinance levying the tax has been passed, the City Clerk shall deliver the assessment books, and a certified copy of such ordinance, to the City Auditor. Such Auditor is thereupon required to forthwith extend the taxes upon such assessment books, and add thereto the delinquent taxes, and foot up such lists, and then append his certificate. The section then thus proceeds:
“The book containing the assessment upon real estate, when so extended and certified, shall be entitled and called ‘Land Book Of -’ (the fiscal year to which applying). The Auditor shall on or before the first day of June in each year deliver the tax book and merchants’ licenses for sneh year to the City Treasurer, taking therefor his receipt in duplicate, which receipt shall state the gross amount of all taxes contained in said book and also the amount of each separate class of taxes, as shown by the footings of the Auditor of the same, one of which receipts the Auditor shall keep in his office and the other he shall deliver to the Comptroller: All this had been done, save and except the action of the Auditor, in preparing and delivering the books.
By Section 21, Article V, if taxes are paid in June a rebate of six per cent is allowed; if in July, four per cent, and if in August, two per cent. Other sections relate to the collection of taxes.
Such, is an outline of the city’s tax scheme. There is nothing therein to compel the city to adopt the valuation for state and county taxes. There is much therein tending to show that it was-intended to fit in with the state scheme. The City Assessor must take as a basis the property on hand as of the first of January, it is true, whilst the State takes the property as of the first of June proceeding. But even then, the City Assessor, by the Constitution, could not exceed the value fixed for state and county purposes. The question is what state and county value must be observed? Evidently the last valuation.* When it is noted that the State Board is required to meet in February, and the City Assessor is not required to act until March 15th, it would appear that the city scheme was intended to fit in with the state and county scheme. It is clear that the Constitution compels the city.officer to accept as a measuring standard the value fixed for state and county purposes. That is to say, he is forbidden to go over that value, and in this way the state and county valuation becomes a guiding standard for such .city” assessor. It is argued that the City Assessor need not go as high as the state and county valuation, and can therefore fix his own values, within those bounds. This may be granted, and should be granted, yet it does not change the fact that there must be a standard fixed by county and state authorities, to limit, if not guide the city assessor. The question is whether or not it shall be the standard fixed by the State, in 1920, or a standard fixed at some previous time. The Constitution fixes a standard above which the City Assessor cannot go. That he may go below such standard, so fixed, does not destroy the idea that there must be a standard. This because the Constitution so indicates. And in my judgment the standard thus fixed by the Constitution means the one upon which the state, county and city taxes are to be paid. That is, if the city taxes are for 1920, as here, the standard, which limits the City Assessor, must be the state and county values completed in 1920, for the state and county taxes of 1920. In other words when the Constitution says that the valuation for the city taxes shall not exceed the valuation for the state and county taxes, it means the valuation fixed for state and county, for the year when all these taxes, state, county and city, are to he paid.
III. But whilst it is true, as we believe — that the Constitution, Section 11, Article X, contemplates, that the standard, above which the city assessor cannot go, is the value of property fixed for State and county purposes,' for the same year in which the G^y taxes are levied and are to be paid (in this case for 1920), yet this does not settle the instant case’. The case is one of .first impression, and the guiding stars are limited. We are forced to a construction of the several applicable constitutional provisions. Section 11 of Article X says the valuation for city purposes shall not exceed the fixed standard of value, above discussed. As a fact, in this case, the City Assessor ’s valuation did not exceed the standard, which we conceive to he the one fixed by said Section 11, Articlé X, of the Constitution, and this constitutional provision does not prohibit a lower valuation by the City Assessor. Its prohibition is against excess, and not further. It is true that the assessor did not have before him the correct standard, .but when the correct standard lawfully appeared, he was well within its terms. Iiis action had not violated the Constitution, by having a valuation for the 1920 city taxes, in excess of the valuation for the state and county taxes for the 'same year. Had his valuation exceeded the standard, the taxes would, at least, have been invalid to the extent of such excess. In this connection we should consider Section 10 of Article X which reads:
“The General Assembly shall not impose taxes up-oil'counties, cities, towns or other municipal corporations or upon the inhabitants or property thereof, for county, city, town or other municipal purposes, but may, by general laws, vest in the corporate authorities thereof the power to assess and collect taxes for such purposes.”
By proper provisions Kansas City has been authorized to assess and collect her own taxes. The method of so doing she has provided for by the charter provisions, to which we have called attention. Unless this charter scheme in some way violates either the State Constitution, or some general law of the State, the scheme must stand..
As previously said, it would appear that the charter scheme was designed to fit into, and articulate with, the state scheme, and only failed in this case, because the State Board of Equalization did not act prior to March 15th, when the city charter scheme required the City Assessor to report his assessment. Had the action of the State Board been, just what it later was, on the day the City Assessor filed his assessment, the city assessment, although lower than the state and county assessment, would have violated no state law or state constitutional provision, and would have been valid. And, as we conculde, it was valid, although filed in advance of the report of the State Board, for the reason that after the report of the State Board was made, the city assessment did not exceed the values for state and county purposes. The case then must turn upon other questions, which we discuss later.
IV., In the foregoing we conclude (1) that the standard by which the city assessment must be measured, in determining its validity, is the state assessment concluded by the State Board of Equalization in 1920, and (2) that the assessment made by the City Assessor, and filed with the City Clerk, was a valid assessment, although filed in advance of the findings by the State Board.
We are therefore forced to the facts to determine whether or not this assessment so fixed by the City Assessor was, in fact and law, the final and only assessment made by such officer. If it was, then it is the basis of the 1920 city taxes upon real estate. This because it was within the standard fixed by the Constitution.
By the 7th clause of the agreed facts it is stated:
“(7) In so far as the various city officers could perform their duties in mating and completing such purported assessment valuations, purported extentions of the tax levy and making and delivering said Land Tax Book of 1920, before June 1, 1920', and doing other acts above mentioned before that date, the same all were legally done; and in so far as they could do any of the same on or after June 1, 1920, the same were legally done.”
By the 5th clause of the agreed facts it is said:
“ (5) On May 24, 1920, the State Board of Equalization had not completed its labors and the values to be fixed by it for assessment or real estate in Kansas City had not been determined, and for that reason' the City Auditor did not deliver the land tax books to the City Assessor, but the same were held until it should be determined whether the State Board increased or decreased the land values so that if the same were increased or decreased the City Assessor could make an assessment to conform to the values fixed by the State Board, and after the State, Board acted the City Assessor did make the assessment to conform to the values fixed by said board and thereafter the land tax books were delivered to respondent, Ben Jaudon, City Treasurer. ’ ’
There was no authority for a re-delivery of the books from the Auditor to the City Assessor.
By the 7th clause of the agreed facts it appears that the city agencies had each and all performed their duties, up to the delivery of the tax books to the City Auditor, if as a matter of law, such officers could act at all, prior to the action of the State Board of Equalization. In the previous paragraphs we have ruled that they could act -under their charter powers, and that their acts would be valid, if as a fact the assessment did not exceed the standard thereafter fixed by the State Board. It did not exceed this standard. What might have been the city’s situation, if it had exceeded the state valuation, is not for decision in this case. Nor is the question here as to what would have been the city’s situation had the city agencies delayed action until after the action of the State Board. Counsel for respondents urge that delayed action would not have invalidated the city assessment, and we think that is true. [St. Louis & San Francisco Ry. Co. v. Gracy, 126 Mo. l. c. 485 & 486; State ex rel. v. Stamm, 165 Mo. l. c. 83; State ex rel. v. Phillips, 137 Mo. 259.]
The question here is, was the Assessor’s action completed prior to June 1, 1920? The agreed facts show that the City Assessor did duly deliver his Land Assessment Boohs to the City Clerh on March 15, 1920. Under the city charter he had then performed his full duties. [Sec. 6, Art. 5, Charter of Kansas City.]
By Section 12 of Article 5, this delivery to the City Clerk is a delivery likewise to the Common Council. There is no authority in the city charter for such assessor to repossess himself of these delivered books, and thereafter make a new and different assessment. His work was completed upon the delivery of the books to’ the City Clerk and through such clerk to the Common Council. [Secs. 6 and 12, Art. '5, City Charter.] , For this act of the Assessor in re-possessing himself of the books, and making therein a new and different assessment, the respondent should be able to point to the authority for such act. He has not done so, and cannot do so. The books as delivered by the City Assessor to the City Clerk on March 15, 1920, with the land values therein, are the books to control the city taxes for 1920. The subsequent attempted assessment is void, as being unauthorized either by charter or law. This must be true for the reason that the city scheme provided for a Board of Appeals. To this board the taxpayers could at least go for the corrections of irregularities and mistakes in the Assessor’s work. To say that after all the city agencies have acted (as they had here) the City Assessor could re-possess himself of the hooks and make a new assessment would preclude the taxpayers after the final assessment from his right to go to the City Board of Appeals, .which is a valuable legal right. When all the city agencies having to do with the city assessment had acted, the city assessment had closed, and could not. be re-opened. All agencies had acted in this case, because the duties of the Auditor were the pure ministerial duties of extending the taxes upon the assessments and the delivery of the books to the Treasurer. He had no part in the assessment.
V. It is urged by the city .(1) that in a mandamus proceeding, such as we have here, there is an improper joinder of the six relators in this case, and for that reason we should quash the alternative writ, and (2) that, as to the unnamed relators, other taxpayers the city, there is no allegation of a tender of the admitted legal taxes. The latter contention is true, and such taxpayers have no place in this case. There is no allegation as to tender, so far as they are concerned, and as to them no mandate can go in this case. This allegation may, however, be treated as surplusage in the petition and alternative writ, and leave the petition and alternative writ good, as to the six re-lators who have pleaded tender. As to them the sole question is, whether or not they have been improperly joined as relators.
These six taxpayers are in the identical, and same position, so far as the general proposition involved is concerned. Under the general proposition of the invalidity of the twenty per cent additional tax is concerned, their interests are absolutely identical. If the case was by injunction, and not by mandamus,. there would be no question as to the proper joinder of these parties, as parties plaintiff. Whilst the individual relator, so far as the amount of taxes is concerned, might have a personal and individual interest, yet in the vital issue, i. e. as to whether or not this added twenty per cent is legal, they have the same and identical interests. The amounts of their respective taxes are but mere incidents to the main question. That main question is, whether or not, in law, the city had the right to add this twenty per cent of additional taxes. These relators are alleged to be taxpayers, who had tendered their alleged legal taxes, and who jointly sought to have this single issue (whether not the twenty per cent added) was legal or illegal. In this simple, issue they were jointly interested, and it is the issue of this lawsuit. The strict common-law rules of mandamus have been much relaxed in more recent years, as will be shown by the cases entertained by this court
Whilst the exact point here made was not raised, yet, in State ex rel. Wahl v. Speer, 223 S. W. 655, we entertained mandamus on the relation of divers taxpayers, against the County Court of Pemiscot County. We not only entertained it, but granted the permanent writ. It is true that these taxpayers had a common interest in the thing that. they sought to have done. Again in State ex rel. Rutledge v. St. Louis School Board, 131 Mo. 505, we entertained and granted to the relators (divers taxpayers) our writ of mandamus. The only distinguishing features between those cases and the case at bar is, that these six relators may have tendered different amounts of taxes. It is not denied that their tenders were sufficient, if the March 15th assessment stood, so that the respondent here singles out the single question, whether or not this increase was legal. In fact the return admits the tenders, but only questions the insufficiency thereof on the theory that the March 15th assessment was not good. The respondents therefore make a case of a single issue, in which all of the six relators are equally and jointly interested. Under these facts we rule that they were and are entitled to the peremptory writ of mandamus as prayed. The writ is so ordered.
All concur. | CASELAW |
How Are Excess Carbs Affecting Your Diet?
By Amy S. | Updated: Jun 18, 2020
Ladies
Myths and fads are rife in the world of dieting, and one of the most common misconceptions is that cutting carbohydrates is the key to successful weight loss. For refined and processed carbs, this may be true, but there are different types of carbohydrates, and while some may contribute to weight gain, others are likely to prevent it: it's all about choosing healthy sources. Keep reading to learn more about carbohydrates, discover how excess consumption of the wrong carbs is affecting your diet, and discover why not all carbohydrates are enemies of weight loss.
Refined or processed carbs may contribute to weight gain
What Are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy for the body. The digestive system converts them into a sugar molecule called glucose, which is carried in the bloodstream to provide energy to cells.
Carbohydrates come in two forms: simple and complex. Simple carbs are the sugars naturally found in fruit, vegetables, and milk products, and those found in refined or processed foods that have sugars added, such as cookies, cakes, and chocolate. Complex carbs include starch, whole grains, and non-digestible dietary fiber. While the body breaks starch down into sugars to convert into glucose, it passes fiber through the digestive system without breaking it down.
Does Cutting Carbs Help with Weight Loss?
It's a myth that simply cutting carbs from your diet is the most effective way to lose weight. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the entire body, and omitting them completely is likely to leave you feeling tired, weak, and hungry. Cutting carbs reduces the body's ability to process them, making digestive issues, bloating, and weight gain more likely when they are inevitably reintroduced. In addition, cutting carbohydrates invariably means reducing the intake of the important nutrients carbohydrate sources provide, like antioxidants, beneficial phytocompounds, and fiber.
Lowering your intake of refined or processed carbs is likely to help with weight loss because, while calorie-laden cakes, sweets, and sugary sodas provide immediate satisfaction and energy, these effects are short-term. It's common for their consumption to lead to sugar cravings, hunger, and sluggishness later in the day.
Avoiding products with added sugar is beneficial for weight loss. Other ingredients to look for and potentially avoid include:
• Fructose
• Brown sugar
• Syrups
• Sucrose
• Dextrose
• Glucose
Carbohydrates and Weight Loss
In terms of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, found in whole grains, brown rice, and oatmeal, are the way to go. These help eliminate excess fat in the intestines and push food through the intestines, promoting healthy digestion. Fibers also remain in the stomach for longer than other carbohydrates, helping to sustain a feeling of fullness for longer.
Complex carbohydrates from whole grains can also help with weight loss and diabetes prevention. They have a low glycemic index, meaning they are absorbed more slowly, promoting a feeling of fullness and preventing blood sugar spikes. The simple carbohydrates found in fresh fruit and vegetables are the healthiest way to satisfy a sugar craving, as these tend to contain plenty of vitamins, fiber and no saturated fat.
Fad diets may result in short-term success, but the likelihood of maintaining extreme diet plans in the long run is doubtful, not to mention damaging to your body. Following a balanced diet that incorporates nutrients from all the food groups is the solution for long-term weight management and - provided the sources are healthy ones - carbohydrates should feature in this, too.
For further information on how to handle weight gain follow this link
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More on Weight Gain | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In chapter 6 of this book, titled "The Intimately Oppressed," the author examines the status of women in early America. He explains how and why their status was inferior.
Women could not vote. (This would not be changed until the early twentieth century.) Women could not own property. Women who worked outside the home received only a fraction of the wages paid to a man for the same work. Women were barred from working as lawyers, doctors, or ministers. They did not attend college. In fact, it would have been difficult for most of them to attend college because of their high illiteracy rate. In these ways, women were subordinated to men.
Zinn points out that women enjoyed a higher status in other societies, which were typically "conquered" by Europeans. For example, many Indian tribes treated women much more equally.
Exploitation of women began in America from its inception. For instance, indentured servants were typically female, and their treatment was terrible. Enslaved black women received the most egregious treatment. Even women who were not servants or slaves faced tremendous hardships.
Women who had children out of wedlock were severely punished. The fathers of such children, however, were not penalized at all.
Occasionally, a strong woman emerged to challenge the status of women in colonial America. One such woman was Anne Hutchinson. She was put on trial and banished for challenging men's monopoly of power in the church and in society.
Chapter Six of A People's History is entitled "The Intimately Oppressed." Zinn's focus in this chapter is on the systemic sexism that was fundamental to American society in the antebellum period. He claims that it is possible, reading "standard histories," to overlook "half the population of the country," meaning that these histories have focused primarily on men (102). He discusses the role of women in Anglo-American society, examining the ideological origins of women's roles by the nineteenth century. He discusses the so-called "cult of true womanhood" that emerged in the post-Revolutionary era. This ideology emphasized the piety, sexual purity, and submission expected of girls and women. He is especially interested in the emergence of feminist, or proto-feminist ideas that accompanied the rise of the abolition movement. The chapter finishes with quotes from two leading female activists, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, whose speech to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 demanded the right to vote for women, and Sojourner Truth, whose famous "Ain't I a Woman?" speech, in Zinn's words, "joined the indignation of her race to the indignation of her sex" (122). The nineteenth century, though dominated by the "cult of true womanhood," also witnessed women's participation in a variety of reform movements. So it became a sort of touchstone for the movement for women's equality. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Jeronim
Jeronim may refer to:
* Jeronim, South Slavic and Albanian masculine given name
* Jeronim de Rada, Italo-Albanian writer
* Jeronim Ljubibratić, Ragusan military officer
* Jeronim Mileta, Croatian cleric
* Jeronim Vidulić, Croatian poet
* Jeronim, Slovenia, a village near Vransko | WIKI |
1945 Gustavus Adolphus Golden Gusties football team
The 1945 Gustavus Adolphus Golden Gusties football team represented Gustavus Adolphus College of St. Peter, Minnesota, as a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC) during the 1945 college football season. In their second year under head coach Tuddie Lindenberg, the Gusties compiled a 6–0 record (4–0 against MIAC opponents), won the MIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 140 to 19. | WIKI |
@article {Valladares:2010-04-01T00:00:00:1028-415X:71, author = "Valladares, M. and Domínguez-Vásquez, P. and Obregón, A.M. and Weisstaub, G. and Burrows, R. and Maiz, A. and Santos, J.L.", title = "Melanocortin-4 receptor gene variants in Chilean families: association with childhood obesity and eating behavior", journal = "Nutritional Neuroscience", volume = "13", number = "2", year = "2010-04-01T00:00:00", abstract = "Objective: To screen for mutations in the coding region of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and to assess the association between the rs17782313 variant near MC4R with childhood obesity and eating behavior.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional sample of 221 obese Chilean children and 268 parents were incorporated in the study to assemble 134 case–parent trios. We performed direct sequencing of the MC4R coding region while the rs17782313 variant was genotyped by a Taqman assay. Eating behavior scores were calculated using the Child Eating Behavior and Three Factor Eating Questionnaires adapted for Chilean families.
Results: A low frequency of genetic variation in the coding region of MC4R was found in Chilean obese children (Thr150Ile mutation and polymorphisms Ile251Leu and Val103Ile). The rs17782313 variant is possibly associated with satiety responsiveness (P = 0.01) and enjoyment of food scores (P = 0.03).
Conclusion: The rs17782313 variant may influence eating behavior in obese children.", pages = "71-78", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/nns/2010/00000013/00000002/art00002", doi = "doi:10.1179/147683010X12611460763643", keyword = "EATING BEHAVIOR, MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR, OBESITY, POLYMORPHISM" } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tutorial
This tutorial will walk you through installing, configuring, and running Nox.
Installation
Nox can be easily installed via pip:
python3 -m pip install nox
You may want to use the user site to avoid messing with your global Python install:
python3 -m pip install --user nox
Or you can be extra fancy and use pipx:
pipx install nox
Either way, Nox is usually installed globally, similar to tox, pip, and other similar tools.
If you’re interested in running nox within docker, you can use the thekevjames/nox images on DockerHub which contain builds for all nox versions and all supported python versions.
If you want to run nox within GitHub Actions, you can use the excitedleigh/setup-nox action, which installs the latest nox and makes available all Python versions provided by the GitHub Actions environment.
Writing the configuration file
Nox is configured via a file called noxfile.py in your project’s directory. This file is a Python file that defines a set of sessions. A session is an environment and a set of commands to run in that environment. If you’re familiar with tox sessions are analogous to environments. If you’re familiar with GNU Make, sessions are analogous to targets.
Sessions are declared using the @nox.session decorator. This is similar to how Flask uses @app.route.
Here’s a basic Noxfile that runs flake8 against example.py (you can create example.py yourself):
import nox
@nox.session
def lint(session):
session.install("flake8")
session.run("flake8", "example.py")
Running Nox for the first time
Now that you’ve installed Nox and have a Noxfile you can run Nox! Open your project’s directory in a terminal and run nox. You should see something like this:
$ nox
nox > Running session lint
nox > Creating virtualenv using python3.7 in .nox/lint
nox > pip install flake8
nox > flake8 example.py
nox > Session lint was successful.
✨ You’ve now successfully used Nox for the first time! ✨
The rest of this tutorial will take you through other common things you’ll likely want to do with Nox. You can also jump into Command-line usage and Configuration & API docs if you want.
Installing dependencies
Nox more or less passes session.install through to pip, so you can install stuff in the usual way. Here’s some examples:
To install one or more packages at a time:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
# same as pip install pytest protobuf>3.0.0
session.install("pytest", "protobuf>3.0.0")
...
To install a requirements.txt file:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
# same as pip install -r -requirements.txt
session.install("-r", "requirements.txt")
...
If your project is a Python package and you want to install it:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
# same as pip install .
session.install(".")
...
Running commands
The session.run function lets you run commands within the context of your session’s virtual environment. Here’s a few examples:
You can install and run Python tools:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
session.install("pytest")
session.run("pytest")
If you want to pass more arguments to a program just add more arguments to run:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
session.install("pytest")
session.run("pytest", "-v", "tests")
You can also pass environment variables:
@nox.session
def tests(session):
session.install("black")
session.run(
"pytest",
env={
"FLASK_DEBUG": "1"
}
)
See nox.sessions.Session.run() for more options and examples for running programs.
Selecting which sessions to run
Once you have multiple sessions in your Noxfile you’ll notice that Nox will run them all by default. While this is useful, it often useful to just run one or two at a time. You can use the --sessions argument (or -s) to select which sessions to run. You can use the --list argument to show which sessions are available and which will be run. Here’s some examples:
Here’s a Noxfile with three sessions:
import nox
@nox.session
def test(session):
...
@nox.session
def lint(session):
...
@nox.session
def docs(session):
...
If you just run nox --list you’ll see that all sessions are selected:
Sessions defined in noxfile.py:
* test
* lint
* docs
sessions marked with * are selected,
sessions marked with - are skipped.
If you run nox --list --sessions lint you’ll see that only the lint session is selected:
Sessions defined in noxfile.py:
- test
* lint
- docs
sessions marked with * are selected,
sessions marked with - are skipped.
And if you run nox --sessions lint Nox will just run the lint session:
nox > Running session lint
nox > Creating virtualenv using python3 in .nox/lint
nox > ...
nox > Session lint was successful.
There are many more ways to select and run sessions! You can read more about invoking Nox in Command-line usage.
Testing against different and multiple Pythons
Many projects need to support either a specific version of Python or multiple Python versions. You can have Nox run your session against multiple interpreters by specifying python to @nox.session. Here’s some examples:
If you want your session to specifically run against a single version of Python only:
@nox.session(python="3.7")
def test(session):
...
If you want your session to run against multiple versions of Python:
@nox.session(python=["2.7", "3.5", "3.7"])
def test(session):
...
You’ll notice that running nox --list will show that this one session has been expanded into three distinct sessions:
Sessions defined in noxfile.py:
* test-2.7
* test-3.5
* test-3.7
You can run all of the test sessions using nox --sessions test or run an individual one using the full name as displayed in the list, for example, nox --sessions test-3.5. More details on selecting sessions can be found over in the Command-line usage documentation.
You can read more about configuring the virtual environment used by your sessions over at Configuring a session’s virtualenv.
Testing with conda
Some projects, especially in the data science community, need to test that they work in a conda environment. If you want your session to run in a conda environment:
@nox.session(venv_backend="conda")
def test(session):
...
Install packages with conda:
session.conda_install("pytest")
It is possible to install packages with pip into the conda environment, but it’s a best practice only install pip packages with the --no-deps option. This prevents pip from breaking the conda environment by installing incompatible versions of packages already installed with conda.
session.install("contexter", "--no-deps")
session.install("-e", ".", "--no-deps")
Parametrization
Just like Nox can handle running against multiple interpreters, Nox can also handle running your sessions with a list of different arguments using the nox.parametrize() decorator.
Here’s a short example of using parametrization to test against two different versions of Django:
@nox.session
@nox.parametrize("django", ["1.9", "2.0"])
def test(session, django):
session.install(f"django=={django}")
session.run("pytest")
If you run nox --list you’ll see that Nox expands your one session into multiple sessions. One for each argument value that you want to be passed to your session:
Sessions defined in noxfile.py:
* test(django='1.9')
* test(django='2.0')
nox.parametrize() has an interface and usage intentionally similar to pytest’s parametrize. It’s an extremely powerful feature of Nox. You can read more about parametrization and see more examples over at Parametrizing sessions.
Next steps
Look at you! You’re now basically an expert at Nox! ✨
For this point you can:
Have fun! 💜 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Antenna 002: Tuned 1/2 Wave Dipole
Author: Frederick R. Vobbe, W8HDU
January 3, 2008
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Suppose you want a random length of transmission line, or use a different type of transmission line. It is possible, provided that the radiation patterns and the takeoff angle meets your needs. There are two ways to do it. Using this formula,
line length formula
VF is the velocity factor of the cable being used. fMHz would be the frequency, (for example 7.100 megahertz). The line length is half wave, and can be doubled as necessary. So for eample, if you calculate and get a length of 91.5 feet, you could have a line 91.5 feet, 183 feet, 274.5 feet, and so on.
You can calculate the length of line to match to the antenna. Keep in mind, however, if you calculate for 7.100 megahertz, but then QSY to 7.200 megahertz, all bets are off for the match! It may, or may not be within an acceptable VSWR range of your rig.
A better way is to use a line tuner. This method allows you to use a random length coax and tune out the VSWR and match better to the antenna. A side benefit is if your antenna is not quite cut to your ideal frequency, you can tune out the VSWR problems. However, this will not help the radiation pattern of the antenna. Here is how it's done.
Tuned Dipole Antenna
Use the formula in the Simple 1/2 wave antenna paper to calculate your 1/2 wave antenna. Two variable coils, L1 and L2, are placed in series with the hot side of an unbalanced line (coax). A variable capacitor, C1, is placed from the junction of the two coils to ground. Off the output of L2 you feed the coax, which can be 50 ohm or 75 ohm coax of random length.
The combination of L1 and C1 form the matching for the TX to tuner, typically in the 50 ohm range to make the transmitter happy. The combination of L2 and C1 form the matching to the line. The R/L and can have some wide variations depending on the coax type and length.
On a tuner I built in 1984 I used a 4" long piece of 2" round PVC pipe for the coil form. I wound a #18 silver wire around it. Using a gator clip connected to a strand of wire I could carefully tickle the coil to find the sweet spot. The capacitor was out of an old radio. For low band operation, a 10-350 pf variable seemed to work well. But for up in the 40 to 10 megahertz range, the value should be reduced.
Warning: Never try to move or adjust a coil or capacitor when transmitting. High voltages or currents could be present, some of which could be lethal.
Guaranteed ... NO SPYWARE on this site
© Copyright 2012 All Rights Reserved - W8HDU
SafeSurf - For ALL ages | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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