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Page:Daskam--The imp and the angel.djvu/46
The Imp and the Drum and had good times generally, his interest and excitement grew, and every Thursday found him begging his mother or big aunty, with whom they spent the winter, to telephone to his dear Miss Eleanor that this time he was to accompany her and see all those fascinating children: big Hans, who, though fourteen, was young for his years and stupid; little Olga, who was only eleven, but who mothered all the others, and had brought more children into the class than anyone else; Pierre, who sang like a bird, and wore a dark-blue jersey and a knitted cap pulled over his ears; red-headed Mike, who was all freckles and fun; and pretty, shy Elizabeth, with deep violet eyes and a big dimple, who was too frightened to speak at first, and who ran behind the door even now if a stranger came.
But it was not till the Imp gave up being eight and a half and arrived at what his Uncle Stanley called quarter of nine that Miss Eleanor decided that he might go, if his mother would let him.
"I used to think," she said, "that it would n't be wise to take him. I thought they 'd feel awkward; for of course he 's better dressed, and I don't want them to feel that they 're being 26
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X axis (of type Date) showing weird values with just one datapoint provided
Not sure if it’s a bug, or I’m missing something.
demo http://codepen.io/eagor/pen/LkzXar
That is the desired (unfortunate) behaviour. 1-category bar traces get a width of 1 which in date coordinates mean 1 millisecond as picture above.
This is far from ideal. But, finding the correct default isn’t obvious either.
thank you for reply.
is there any workaround? tried layout.xaxis.tickvals, but couldn’t fix.
what are you trying to do?
set tickvals to an array that matches x array (eg, [“2016-07-09”])
Here’s how: http://codepen.io/etpinard/pen/GqORjz
1 Like
brilliant! thank you!!!
another solution that worked for me - set xaxis type to “category”: http://codepen.io/eagor/pen/EyoLkL
Do you know how this would work for python?
see https://plot.ly/~etpinard/7603.py
1 Like
My problem is a little more confusing actually. I was wondering if you could help. Basically, I am overlapping a scatter plot and a bar graph (x axis are date values). Strangely enough, the size of the bar isn’t based only on the range of the x axis. When I have only one bar value, depending on the x axis range, it will either be very thin or just not visible (exists if you zoom 5+ times). As the number of bars get larger, the width of the bars also get larger until there are too many bars and it gets smaller again. I guess I simply don’t understand why the single bars are so tiny and how adding another bar to the same data set makes the width of both much larger.
1 Like
Examples of what I am talking about if it helps.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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approvalConfig = $approvalConfig; } /** * @return ApprovalConfig */ public function getApprovalConfig() { return $this->approvalConfig; } /** * @param bool */ public function setAutodetect($autodetect) { $this->autodetect = $autodetect; } /** * @return bool */ public function getAutodetect() { return $this->autodetect; } /** * @param BitbucketServerTriggerConfig */ public function setBitbucketServerTriggerConfig(BitbucketServerTriggerConfig $bitbucketServerTriggerConfig) { $this->bitbucketServerTriggerConfig = $bitbucketServerTriggerConfig; } /** * @return BitbucketServerTriggerConfig */ public function getBitbucketServerTriggerConfig() { return $this->bitbucketServerTriggerConfig; } /** * @param Build */ public function setBuild(Build $build) { $this->build = $build; } /** * @return Build */ public function getBuild() { return $this->build; } /** * @param string */ public function setCreateTime($createTime) { $this->createTime = $createTime; } /** * @return string */ public function getCreateTime() { return $this->createTime; } /** * @param string */ public function setDescription($description) { $this->description = $description; } /** * @return string */ public function getDescription() { return $this->description; } /** * @param bool */ public function setDisabled($disabled) { $this->disabled = $disabled; } /** * @return bool */ public function getDisabled() { return $this->disabled; } /** * @param string */ public function setEventType($eventType) { $this->eventType = $eventType; } /** * @return string */ public function getEventType() { return $this->eventType; } /** * @param string */ public function setFilename($filename) { $this->filename = $filename; } /** * @return string */ public function getFilename() { return $this->filename; } /** * @param string */ public function setFilter($filter) { $this->filter = $filter; } /** * @return string */ public function getFilter() { return $this->filter; } /** * @param GitFileSource */ public function setGitFileSource(GitFileSource $gitFileSource) { $this->gitFileSource = $gitFileSource; } /** * @return GitFileSource */ public function getGitFileSource() { return $this->gitFileSource; } /** * @param GitHubEventsConfig */ public function setGithub(GitHubEventsConfig $github) { $this->github = $github; } /** * @return GitHubEventsConfig */ public function getGithub() { return $this->github; } /** * @param string */ public function setId($id) { $this->id = $id; } /** * @return string */ public function getId() { return $this->id; } /** * @param string[] */ public function setIgnoredFiles($ignoredFiles) { $this->ignoredFiles = $ignoredFiles; } /** * @return string[] */ public function getIgnoredFiles() { return $this->ignoredFiles; } /** * @param string[] */ public function setIncludedFiles($includedFiles) { $this->includedFiles = $includedFiles; } /** * @return string[] */ public function getIncludedFiles() { return $this->includedFiles; } /** * @param string */ public function setName($name) { $this->name = $name; } /** * @return string */ public function getName() { return $this->name; } /** * @param PubsubConfig */ public function setPubsubConfig(PubsubConfig $pubsubConfig) { $this->pubsubConfig = $pubsubConfig; } /** * @return PubsubConfig */ public function getPubsubConfig() { return $this->pubsubConfig; } /** * @param string */ public function setResourceName($resourceName) { $this->resourceName = $resourceName; } /** * @return string */ public function getResourceName() { return $this->resourceName; } /** * @param string */ public function setServiceAccount($serviceAccount) { $this->serviceAccount = $serviceAccount; } /** * @return string */ public function getServiceAccount() { return $this->serviceAccount; } /** * @param GitRepoSource */ public function setSourceToBuild(GitRepoSource $sourceToBuild) { $this->sourceToBuild = $sourceToBuild; } /** * @return GitRepoSource */ public function getSourceToBuild() { return $this->sourceToBuild; } /** * @param string[] */ public function setSubstitutions($substitutions) { $this->substitutions = $substitutions; } /** * @return string[] */ public function getSubstitutions() { return $this->substitutions; } /** * @param string[] */ public function setTags($tags) { $this->tags = $tags; } /** * @return string[] */ public function getTags() { return $this->tags; } /** * @param RepoSource */ public function setTriggerTemplate(RepoSource $triggerTemplate) { $this->triggerTemplate = $triggerTemplate; } /** * @return RepoSource */ public function getTriggerTemplate() { return $this->triggerTemplate; } /** * @param WebhookConfig */ public function setWebhookConfig(WebhookConfig $webhookConfig) { $this->webhookConfig = $webhookConfig; } /** * @return WebhookConfig */ public function getWebhookConfig() { return $this->webhookConfig; } } // Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name. class_alias(BuildTrigger::class, 'Google_Service_CloudBuild_BuildTrigger');
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-- Google’s Page Describes Speech Malady, Funds Research
Google Inc. (GOOG) Chief Executive Officer
Larry Page disclosed a health condition that can result in
hoarse speech and labored breathing, though according to doctors
won’t impede him from running the Web-search provider. Page wrote in a blog post yesterday that he’s been
diagnosed with left vocal cord paralysis, a condition that
restricts vocal-cord movement, and is also experiencing
impairment on the right side. The malady can make it hard for the Google co-founder to
exercise at peak capacity and limit his participation in some
company events, such as quarterly conference calls. He also said
that his condition has improved and that he’s able to do all
that’s required of him at work and home. “Usually people with vocal-cord paralysis can find a way
to accommodate the vocal injury and still do what they need to
do,” said Brian Eldon Petty, a speech-language pathologist at
Emory Voice Center in Atlanta . Google climbed 3.3 percent to close $915.89 in New York , a
record high. The stock has advanced 29 percent this year,
compared with a 16 percent gain for the Standard & Poor’s 500
Index. Page, who also disclosed that he has a thyroid disorder
that may play a role in his condition, said he detected
impairment in his other vocal cord about a year ago. ‘Fully Able’ “After some initial recovery, I’m fully able to do all I
need to do at home and at work, though my voice is softer than
before,” he wrote in the post. The revelations come almost a year after Google Executive
Chairman Eric Schmidt told investors that Page would miss
several company events, including annual meetings for
shareholders and developers, because of his voice condition. “Now that we’re fully aware of what has gone on here and
how it’s affected Larry Page, I can’t imagine it having that
much of an impact on his ability to successfully run the
company,” said Scott Kessler , an analyst at S&P Capital IQ.
“He’s provided more than sufficient information and
transparency about these circumstances.” Cancer, which can in rare instances develop in patients
with Page’s type of thyroid disorder, has been ruled out as a
cause for Page’s vocal condition, according to people at Google
familiar with his treatment over the past year, who asked not to
be named because the details aren’t public. ‘Very Lucky’ Page said that his ability to exercise strenuously has been
“somewhat reduced” because vocal-cord nerve damage can affect
breathing. He uses a microphone even for small staff meetings,
people familiar with his condition have said. “My friends still think I have way more stamina than them
when we go kite surfing,” he said. “And Sergey says I’m
probably a better CEO because I choose my words more carefully.
So surprisingly, overall I am feeling very lucky.” Sergey Brin co-founded Mountain View , California-based
Google with Page in 1998. A patient with vocal-cord paralysis might need regular
speech therapy, “particularly in a corporate arena where they
have a lot of communicative involvement on an average day,”
Petty said, speaking in general terms about the condition. Beyond that, a surgeon might inject a substance such as
Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp.’s Restylane -- an injectable gel
that stimulates collagen production -- into the vocal cords to
improve speaking ability or perform an operation to reposition
the vocal cord, Petty said. Hashimoto’s Disease Doctors still don’t know the exact reason for the lasting
damage to his voice, Page said. He also has Hashimoto’s disease ,
an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation in the
thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck below
the voice box that produces hormones involved in many bodily
functions, from breathing to metabolism. “It is possible that has something to do with it, or that
it is just virus related, or some other unknown cause,” Page
said. Hashimoto’s, which typically affects middle-aged women, can
be treated with hormone-replacement pills such as Abbott
Laboratories (ABT) ’ Synthroid . Very rarely, thyroid cancer may
develop, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Vocal-cord paralysis occurs when one or both of the elastic
bands of muscle tissue in the voice box fail to open or close
properly. Normally functioning vocal folds open when people
breathe, close when they swallow, and vibrate to enable speech. Breathing, Swallowing The condition can be caused by an injury to the head, neck
or chest, by lung or thyroid cancer, or by a viral infection. It
can alter the sound of a person’s voice, causing hoarseness, and
also lead to difficulties breathing and swallowing. Paralysis of both vocal cords is rare, according to the
NIH. It is also more dangerous, according to Priya Krishna,
incoming director of the Voice and Swallow Center at Loma Linda
University Medical Center in California , who spoke in general
terms without referring to any specific patient. “The danger there is the person’s airway is compromised,”
Krishna said. “It’s definitely going to interfere with your
energy level. You’re working harder to breathe, so you’re
expending your energy you use to walk or talk to breathe.” When both vocal cords are paralyzed and positioned closely
together, a surgeon might perform a procedure known as a
tracheotomy , making an incision in the front of the neck and
inserting a breathing tube to restore air flow. Treatment Options “If they are close together, the person will have trouble
breathing, and if they are really far apart , the person will
have trouble speaking,” said Michael Benninger , chairman of the
Head and Neck Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio . “You
either have no voice or no airway.” The risk of developing paralyzed vocal cords from two
different viruses is exceedingly rare, Benninger said. While
paralysis of a single vocal cord may stem from an infection and
often clears up, bilateral damage is most often the result of
surgery or cancer, he said. The cause is unknown in about 10
percent of cases. Hashimoto’s disease can also damage the vocal folds,
Benninger said. Steroids are sometimes used to reduce
inflammation caused by the disease, he said. Treatment options for vocal-cord paralysis may be tailored
to the lifestyle requirements of an individual patient.
Entertainers or public figures may prioritize protecting their
voice, while athletes might opt for alternatives that preserve
aerobic stamina, Benninger said. Page’s Donation “Ultimately, it’s the patient’s decision,” Benninger
said. “Broadcasters and singers can’t tolerate a breathy voice,
while truck drivers may not care if they are a little raspy or
hoarse.” Page is making a donation to fund a “significant research
program” into vocal cord nerve function at the Voice Health
Institute, which will be led by Steven Zeitels, chief of the
Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation at
Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston . The donation will be
in excess of $20 million, a person familiar with the matter
said. Zeitels has performed vocal-cord surgery on high-profile
patients including Grammy-winning pop singer Adele. Zeitels said
in a statement that his research team will use Page’s donation
to help develop new voice-restoration surgical procedures. He
declined to be interviewed about Page’s medical condition. To contact the reporters on this story:
Brad Stone in San Francisco at
bstone12@bloomberg.net ;
Anna Edney in Washington at
aedney@bloomberg.net ;
Michelle Fay Cortez in Minneapolis at
mcortez@bloomberg.net To contact the editors responsible for this story:
Jim Aley at
jaley@bloomberg.net ;
Tom Giles at
tgiles5@bloomberg.net
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User:2cool4days
Dacian Nicolae Miron (born December 8, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter and musician best known as the former guitarist of The August Name, a rock band formed in 2010 in the suburbs of St Petersburg, Florida. He has been in the music industry since 2008. Originally born in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania, he moved with his mother to the United States when he was only ten.
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Invasion of Minorca
Work soon began on gun emplacements to besiege St. Philip's Castle, the most important being at La Mola, on the opposite side of the harbor mouth, and at Binisaida, near Georgetown.
The British did not make this easy; they directed their own guns at the work sites, and also occasionally sent troops out of the fort. The most notable of these sallies took place on 11 October, when between 400 and (as the Spanish newspapers had it) 700 soldiers crossed the harbor to La Mola, and captured eighty soldiers with eight officers. Spanish troops were sent in pursuit, but too late; the officers were later freed after giving their word of honor that they would not enter combat again unless exchanged for captured British officers. Three British soldiers were killed in the action. Although this action was a success for the British, relations between Murray and his deputy, Lieutenant General Sir William Draper, were becoming strained by this time, due to arguments over their respective areas of authority and would later deteriorate much further.
Even before this, there was considerable discontent among de Crillon's troops, comparisons being made with the futile Spanish attack on the city of Argel (Algiers) in 1775. Reinforcements had therefore been ordered, and by coincidence, the first boatload arrived at Fornells from Marseilles the day after the British attack. By 23 October, two brigades (one French and one German) totaling 3,886 men had been added to the 10,411 already on the island. Also at this time, de Crillon was requested by the Spanish government to attempt an alternative strategy. Among the rather confused reports which filtered through to Britain from Minorca, delayed by several months, were two letters published in the London papers at the end of January 1782. One is from Murray to de Crillon, dated 16 October 1781, sharply reminding him that the Murray family tree is as noble as the Duc's, and that when a former Duc de Crillon was asked by his King to betray his honor, he refused. The other is de Crillon's reply, indicating that he personally is happy to accept Murray's criticism. The source of this exchange was an offer to the governor of 500,000 pesos (then worth just over £100,000 — but inflated in some sources to £1,000,000) plus a guaranteed rank in the Spanish or French army, in return for surrender.
Invasion of Minorca at Wikipedia
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File talk:2013 UEFA Super Cup programme.jpg
Watermark
Can someone upload a newer, better, non-free version without the watermark? It seems unlikely that the bot will, but it really harms the quality of both the image and the article with the watermark. That mistake was on my part. KingSkyLord (talk | contribs) 01:22, 20 February 2020 (UTC)
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Page:1917 Dubliners by James Joyce.djvu/172
168 "Ay, ay!" said Mr. Henchy. Mr. Hynes sat on the side of the table near Mr. Lyons but said nothing.
"There's one of them, anyhow," said Mr. Henchy, "that didn't renege him. By God, I'll say for you, Joe! No, by God, you stuck to him like a man!"
"O, Joe," said Mr. O'Connor suddenly. "Give us that thing you wrote—do you remember? Have you got it on you?"
"O, ay!" said Mr. Henchy. "Give us that. Did you ever hear that, Crofton? Listen to this now: splendid thing."
"Go on," said Mr. O'Connor. "Fire away, Joe."
Mr. Hynes did not seem to remember at once the piece to which they were alluding, but, after reflecting a while, he said:
"O, that thing is it Sure, that's old now."
"Out with it, man!" said Mr. O'Connor.
Sh, 'sh," said Mr. Henchy. "Now, Joe!"
Mr. Hynes hesitated a little longer. Then amid the silence he took off his hat, laid it on the table and stood up. He seemed to be rehearsing the piece in his mind. After a rather long pause he announced:
He cleared his throat once or twice and then began to recite:
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WIKI
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Acupuncture, Chinese Medicine, and Insomnia
One of the most frustrating experiences we can have is laying awake in bed at night, completely exhausted but unable to fall asleep. As the hours drag on our heartbeats seem to become louder and louder, like a ticking clock in the room gradually grinding down our nerves. Sometimes we fall asleep easily but find ourselves waking up repeatedly or stirring to the slightest noise around us. The following days are often full of fatigue, irritability, over consumption of caffeine and sugar, and a vague sense of dissociation.
There are many versions of this familiar story, but they are all different sides of the same disorder: insomnia. I have both professional and personal experience with insomnia, having seen the spectrum of cases from mild to severe in my clinical practice and suffered from it myself. Guided by those experiences, I would like to take a closer look at what insomnia is, what is the science behind it, what treatments are often used, and how Chinese medicine and acupuncture fit into this intricate puzzle in a way that may just be the key to unlocking it.
Before diving deeper, the basic question must be asked. What is insomnia? In short, it is a sleep disorder characterized by chronic difficulty with sleep, either the inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or waking up without feeling refreshed by sleep. A survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation in 2005 reported roughly one third of the adult population polled admitted to having signs and symptoms of insomnia most or all nights in a year. Nearly the entire population reports having experienced it at some point in their lives, and parents with young children are particularly affected by erratic sleep habits. Unsurprisingly, insomnia is strongly correlated with mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.
When we sleep, our body goes through ninety minute cycles and two distinct phases of sleep: REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep involves a succession of three stages as we progress from lighter to deeper, more restful sleep. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and an increase in brain activity, and is thought to be associated with forming memories, learning, dreaming, and balancing neurotransmitters in the brain. Despite modern research, there is still a lot that is not understand about the science of sleep. However, what we know for sure is that sleep is essential for all systems of the body to function properly.
When we fail to get restful sleep, it affects us on a cellular level. Most of us have heard of the circadian rhythm, or the sleep/wake cycle that we go through in a 24 hour period. What we may be unaware of is that it isn’t just our consciousness that experiences these ups and downs, but our cells as well on a physiological level. As a result, failing to get restful sleep negatively impacts us on a physical level, and can raise blood pressure, increase blood sugar levels, decrease immune system function, decrease athletic performance, and decrease cognitive ability among other things.
By far the most immediately noticeable consequence of insomnia is the changes we experience to our mental health. Difficulty sleeping is a concurrent issue in the majority of people with depression, and can be both a cause and symptom of mental health disorders. Insomnia is also related very strongly to developing anxiety or exacerbating existing symptoms of both depression and anxiety. Even in the absence of a mental health diagnosis, our ability to form new memories, emotionally regulate ourselves, concentrate in the day, and just generally stay positive suffers when our sleep is inadequate.
The causes of insomnia vary drastically and can be very individual. The majority of cases are related strongly to stress. We get stuck in our mental narrative that worries about things, running scenarios or thoughts in our heads on repeat: events in our day, our relationships, our health, our finances, or whatever that insurmountable obstacle is for us. Often this is triggered in us by external trauma which can be profoundly disturbing and get us off our usual habits. Often these disruptions are gradually developed by inadequate coping strategies for chronic stress. For those who wake up often, it can be related to elevated cortisol levels, a hormone associated with stress, that is involved in waking up from sleep. It can also be caused behaviorally. Examples of this are shift work, raising young children, or simply falling out of a sleep routine. Finally, there are physiological causes of insomnia as well that can be related to chronic diseases, such as asthma, sinusitis, pain, and other neurological diseases, reflux, and endocrine system disorders.
If you go to a medical doctor for sleep issues, there are three main avenues that are typically offered as treatment strategies. I’ll start with what I believe to be the most essential and relevant. The first is behavioral therapy such as sleep hygiene. By integrating routines and practices that settle our nervous system and help us feel relaxed, we can start to retrain our mind and body to follow a health circadian rhythm and release melatonin, the hormone that induces sleepiness, at the right time of day. The second strategy is cognitive and mental health therapy, dealing with underlying issues such as depression, anxiety, and chronic stress. If these are major components of insomnia, they will need to be addressed if progress is going to be made. The third is medical treatment. Medications are often prescribed to treat the symptoms of insomnia, but too often people become dependent on them and must manage their side effects, which often include less restful sleep. In general, it is fair to say that medical treatment of insomnia fails to address the root of the problem.
What exactly is the root of the problem? This is not as simple a question as it may seem. Chinese medicine has a unique perspective on sleeplessness and its causes, effects, and treatments. Acupuncture and herbal medicine are both safe and effective treatments for insomnia that have been utilized in Asian cultures for literally thousands of years. However, they are based on a very different way of thinking than modern Western medicine. The largest paradigm adjustment to make is the concept that one disease has many body patterns, and one body pattern has many diseases. By defining what these body patterns of disharmony are in body and mind, we can find out what the unique root of the problem is for each individual person.
In Chinese medicine and acupuncture, we use the theory of meridians or channels. These can be thought of as informational highways in the body that connect various systems and tissues within the body, whether through the circulation of blood and body fluids or energy, which we call qi. This energy can be thought of in many ways, and current research is examining how it connects to modern understanding of physiology. On one level it can be thought of as metabolic energy, produced on a cellular level by the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body. It can also be thought of as bioelectrical energy, such as what is produced when neurons in our nervous system fire signals as the brain and body communicate with one another. However, on a deeper level the concept also includes patterns of thought, emotional responses, and consciousness itself, all of which are largely unexplained by science to this day.
These meridians give us a map of the body that allows us to link the mind and body in ways that modern physiology cannot yet do. Through thousands of years of observation, Chinese doctors have found the interconnectedness of emotional states to different internal organs through the pathway of these meridians. For example, it has been observed that worry upsets the digestive system, and anger produces changes in the liver and gallbladder. Whenever we find disease, we define it as an imbalance in the system’s flow of qi which ultimately disrupts circulation, organ system function, and our emotional wellbeing. When doing acupuncture, we stimulate specific points along the meridians that restore proper flow to the system and by doing so bring the body back into equilibrium. Because of how connected mind and body are on these pathways, they can be used to treat physical and mental diseases, including sleep. Studies show many different mechanisms of action, from increasing circulation and boosting the immune system to releasing endorphins in the brain. Patients leave an acupuncture session feeling lighter, renewed, and with a prevailing sense of peacefulness.
If you go to see an acupuncturist or herbalist for insomnia, the experience will be very different from what you may be used to. An in-depth intake will be used to look at all the systems of the body to give us clues as to what meridians and organ systems may be disrupted. In general, issues with sleep relate to the heart system. In our language you can find numerous references to the heart as being the seat of our emotions and consciousness, despite what we know about the brain. Why is it that when we feel joy, the subjective sensation is felt in our chest? Somatic experience of emotion guides us to effective treatment strategies, and by taking all aspects of the body into account we can find the right path for each patient, who each present a unique manifestation of that pattern. When the heart and emotions are settled, the mind will have a safe and warm place to abide in at night when it is time to rest.
Regardless of whether the model is accepted by modern medicine, practical experience shows its effectiveness. In addition to acupuncture, herbal medicine is a powerful tool for treating insomnia. Often patients tell me they’ve tried supplements, but they don’t work. This is because they probably picked it up at a health food store as a supplement for sleep in general, not for their constitution. Just as patterns are discerned in acupuncture, a skilled herbalist will look at how the various systems of the body are interacting and prescribe a specific formula to address the patient. Vastly different treatment strategies can be used to treat the same disease, because, as you hopefully now know, one disease has many patterns!
Perhaps some will be disappointed that I have not given a list of herbs or points that treat insomnia in this article. I often get this when doing health talks. That is because taking the wrong herb can be dangerous. Although they are much safer than pharmaceutical drugs, they are still powerful medicine and must be taken with the guidance of a trained herbalist. True healthcare is a dynamic process of tending to the individual as if they were a beautiful garden, always pruning and watering where it is needed and making small adjustments to flow with an ever-changing dynamic system. Using acupoints for self massage is safer and I encourage people to do so at home, but acupuncture should only be performed by a licensed acupuncturist who has trained for years to do it safely and effectively.
To sum it all up, insomnia can be a truly awful disruption to our daily lives and is surprisingly common in our society. The fact that a third of us are chronically sleep deprived, not to mention the statistics around depression and anxiety, points to a prevailing problem in our modern lifestyles. I would strongly encourage anyone experiencing insomnia to look back in time at the practices that were used before modern life took hold, and how they may be able to counteract some of the problems we now face. Meditation, yoga, tai chi, qi gong, acupuncture, and Chinese medicine are all examples of arts that are more needed now than ever before, despite our advances in science and medicine. For those interested in experiencing this yourself, maybe today is the day you finally make that first appointment with your local acupuncturist or Chinese medicine practitioner!
Please share with friends and family
Wishing you good health,
Falko Kriel T.RCMP.
1708 Dolphin Ave #200B
Kelowna, BC V1Y 9S4
250-317-2337
For more information https://falkokrielacupuncture.ca/
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Opinion | Up Against Big Oil in the Midterms
The election produced some wins for the climate, but also underscored the power of the fossil fuel industry. Mr. McKibben is a founder of the environmental activism group 350.org. The victories in the midterm elections were real and sweet for environmentalists and progressives: There will be at least 119 women in Congress, and for the first time their ranks will include a Muslim (two, actually) and a Native American (at least two). Some of those candidates were talking about a Green New Deal, like the one put forward by the soon-to-be-youngest member of Congress, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, that would rapidly reduce the nation’s fossil fuel use while preparing the country for climate change. The fact that the Democrats now control one house of Congress means that President Trump’s pillage of environmental regulations will at least proceed under the spotlight of investigation. Half a dozen new states now have governors and legislatures willing to consider cutting greenhouse gas emissions significantly. And yet I confess I came away from Tuesday night feeling unsure that there really is the political space to get done what needs doing in the time that we have left. Last month, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that we had perhaps a dozen years to really turn the planet around by substantially reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It’s not that we won’t see real change eventually. The new governor of Colorado, for instance, announced the most ambitious targets in the nation for converting to 100 percent renewable power by 2040. That’s wonderful — but it’s also in one state, and still slow, at least when compared with the timetable laid out by the United Nations’ climate panel. The new head of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology is likely to be Eddie Bernice Johnson, a black woman who — and this is a large change — actually believes in science. That’s wonderful too, but new legislation emerging from the House would have to somehow get through the Senate, which became redder on Tuesday, and through the president, and then it would somehow have to survive review by the courts, which the president can continue to pack with hard-right ideologues. And most devastatingly, in those places where activists tried to take matters into their own hands and pass truly serious changes, the money power of Big Oil simply crushed them. I can’t find the words sufficient to praise activists in Washington State who worked tenaciously to get a carbon tax on the ballot, or those in Colorado who fought their hearts out for modest setbacks for new oil and gas projects, including fracking wells, so that drill rigs wouldn’t loom over people’s houses. In both cases early polling showed substantial leads for the proposals. Heck, that noted radical, Bill Gates, came out for Washington’s carbon tax. But then Big Oil simply overwhelmed the efforts with money. Spending on the Washington initiative broke all records in the state. In Colorado activists were outspent 40-1. Every time you turned on the TV in those states, a commercial warned that these ballot measures would destroy the economy. There apparently wasn’t enough airtime available to soak up all the money, so if you were driving the highways around Denver you’d pass trucks towing billboards denouncing any effort to restrict fracking. Even where climate campaigns were well-funded (the billionaire Tom Steyer poured at least $17 million into an effort for more renewable power in sunny Arizona), the industry spent substantially more, and that spending was enough to defeat change. Most places, though, the money was virtually all on one side, and there was just so much of it. San Luis Obispo County in California has less than 200,000 registered voters and yet the oil industry spent more than $8 million to beat a fracking ban. In one county. So one message is clear. Along with working hard in states from Maine to New Mexico where progress is far more possible after Tuesday’s legislative gains, environmentalists will have to figure out how to focus fire on the fossil fuel industry itself, to see if somehow its political power can be broken. Some of that is already underway. A divestment movement that I’ve helped to direct has grown rapidly, with endowments and financial portfolios worth $6 trillion joining in. But such efforts need to keep growing, to call to account the banks and insurance companies that bankroll the coal, oil and gas investments that science tells us we can no longer afford to be making. Investors can theoretically move more nimbly than politicians, so it makes sense to pressure them, even as we continue working for a political realignment. Every election cycle brings wins and losses. But every election cycle also brings us two years further down the path of irrevocable climate change. That’s why even a mixed result can seem bruising. Bill McKibben teaches environmental studies at Middlebury College and is the author of the forthcoming book “Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?” Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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14th New Jersey Infantry Regiment
The 14th New Jersey Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Their most notable engagement was the Battle of Monocacy, where the unit sustained heavy casualties halting a Confederate advance. Fourteen months earlier, the regiment spent their first encampment of the war guarding Monocacy Junction. The regiment was given the title of "The Monocacy Regiment".
Service
The 14th New Jersey Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Vredenburgh (named in honor of Judge Peter Vredenburgh) near Freehold, New Jersey, and mustered in for three years service on August 26, 1862, under the command of Colonel William Snyder Truex.
The regiment was attached to Defenses of Baltimore, Maryland, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to January 1863. 3rd Separate Brigade, VIII Corps, to June 1863. 3rd Provisional Brigade, French's Division, VIII Corps, to July 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VI Corps, Army of the Potomac and Army of the Shenandoah, to June 1865.
The 14th New Jersey Infantry mustered out of service near Washington, D.C., on June 18, 1865.
Detailed service
Left New Jersey for Baltimore, Maryland, September 2, 1862. Duty near Monocacy, Maryland, guarding railroad bridges and other points on the Upper Potomac, until June 1863. Moved to Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, and duty there and at Maryland Heights until June 30. Moved to Frederick, Maryland, June 30, and to Monocacy July 2. Pursuit of Lee July 6–24. Manassas Gap, Virginia, July 20. Wapping Heights July 23. Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Brandy Station November 8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Payne's Farm November 27. Mine Run November 28–30. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864. Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3-June 15. Battles of the Wilderness May 5–7; Spotsylvania May 8–12; Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient, "Bloody Angle," May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Hanovertown May 30–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 17-July 9. Jerusalem Plank Road June 22–23. Moved to Baltimore, thence to Frederick, Maryland, July 6–8. Battle of Monocacy July 9. Expedition to Snicker's Gap July 14–23. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28. Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty in the Shenandoah Valley until December. Moved to Washington, D.C., thence to Petersburg, Virginia, December 3–6. Siege of Petersburg December 6, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Dabney's Mills. Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865. Fort Fisher, Petersburg, March 25. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Assault on and capture of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Danville April 23–27, and duty there until May 18. Moved to Richmond, Virginia, thence to Washington, D.C., May 18-June 2. Corps Review June 8.
Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 257 men during service; 8 officers and 139 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 110 enlisted men died of disease.
Commanders
* Colonel William Snyder Truex
* Lieutenant Colonel Caldwell K. Hall – commanded at the battles of the Wilderness and Monocacy on July 9, 1864
* Captain Jacob Jones Janeway – commanded during Monocacy upon wounding of Lieutenant Colonel Hall at Monocacy until assignment of Major Vredenburgh
* Major Peter Vredenburgh Jr – commanded August 19, 1864 until his death September 19, 1864 at the Battle of Opequon
* Lieutenant Colonel Jacob Jones Janeway – commanded immediately after Opequon until regiment mustered out in June 1865
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WIKI
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Page:The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour of All Nations.djvu/755
360 an octagonal gold cross, enamelled white, the middle to contain, on the obverse, a green laurel wreath, within a blue border, the latter to show, in golden letters, the motto of the Order ('Furchtlos und trew'), and the reverse to exhibit the initial of the King, in a white field, surrounded by a blue circle with the above legend in it (Tab. I. No. 2).
The cross is worn by the Knights of the Grand Cross and Commanders, round the neck by a dark blue ribbon, accompanied, for the former, by a white octagonal star, embroidered in silver, the middle of which shows the contents of the enamelled obverse of the cross (No. 1). With both classes, the ribbon is appended to the cross by a crown.
The Knights wear the same cross in smaller size at the button-hole.
The gold and silver medals of merit are suspended at the button-hole by a similar ribbon (Tab. II. No. 7). The candidates of the first class must occupy the rank of at least Major-General; of the second class, that of staff-officer, and of the third class, that of officer.
No one can be received into a higher class without having previously belonged to the immediate lower class, nor can any one be received into even the lowest—the third class, without previously possessing the Military Medal of Merit.
The gold medal is conferred on officers down to corporals, and the silver on those below.
The King alone has the right to nominate the Knights, whose reception into the Order is free of all costs, fees and charges.
Civilians receive, with the badge, personal nobility, and the entrée at Court.
The Chapter consists of the Knights of the Grand Cross, the two oldest Commanders, and the four oldest Knights. It only meets by the special convocation of the King.
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WIKI
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Go to Customer service
Subdomains allow you to easily manage parts of your website and make your link look great at the same time! For example, instead of having the introduction page of your site look something like this - mysite.com/a/intro - you can just create a subdomain for that part of your website - intro.mysite.com. Subdomains can also act as fully independent websites.
Follow the steps to create a subdomain according to your cPanel theme:
Create a subdomain on Jupiter
If you're using the Jupiter theme, access your cPanel account and click on Domains section:
Click on Create a new domain:
Enter the following information:
• Domain: enter the desired name for the subdomain
• Share document root: leave the checkmark empty
• Home icon: specify the directory for the subdomain files
Once it's good to go, click on Submit:
Once the subdomain is created, you can check information about it, remove it or create a redirection in the Domains section:
Create a subdomain on Paper Lantern
If you're using the Paper Lantern theme - be it basic or other, access your cPanel account and click on Subdomains section:
Here you can choose a domain for your new subdomain as well as specify a custom directory for it.
Once the subdomain is created, you can check information about it, remove it or create a redirection in Modify a Subdomain section:
That’s it, now you know how to create and manage subdomains on cPanel!
NOTES:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Closed Bug 263976 Opened 19 years ago Closed 19 years ago
Reply-to extracts the wrong address
Categories
(Thunderbird :: Message Compose Window, defect)
x86
Windows 2000
defect
Not set
normal
Tracking
(Not tracked)
RESOLVED DUPLICATE of bug 254519
People
(Reporter: maf, Assigned: mscott)
Details
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.7) Gecko/20040928 Firefox/0.9.3
Build Identifier: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.8a5) Gecko/20041011
The bug strikes when replying to an email with a From:-line like this:
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Martin=2C_Forss=E9n?= <maf@tkrat.org>
Mozilla thinks this line contains two addresses while it only contains one. The
bug is most likely caused by the comma which is encoded within the encoded word.
But as far as I can see the above use is legal since and encoded word can be
used "As a replacement for a 'word' entity within a 'phrase'" (rfc2047 section 5
.(3)).
Reproducible: Always
Steps to Reproduce:
1.
2.
3.
When forwarding a message like this inline it shows the from address correctly.
The same applies if I try to bounce the message in Thunderbird 0.8.
*** This bug has been marked as a duplicate of 254519 ***
Status: UNCONFIRMED → RESOLVED
Closed: 19 years ago
Resolution: --- → DUPLICATE
You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects by Norman F. Johnson, Charles A. Triplehorn
By Norman F. Johnson, Charles A. Triplehorn
First released within the Fifties by way of the overdue James Borror and Dwight Moore DeLong, this vintage textual content, advent TO THE learn OF bugs seventh version, combines the research of bugs with transparent and present insect id. during this new version (available in a package with InfoTrac collage Edition), Johnson and Triplehorn provide up to date info on phylogeny utilizing systematics whereas including a better emphasis on insect biology and evolution. This better focus on insect systematics necessitated many content material alterations together with an additional bankruptcy for a newly defined order, the Mantophasmatodea, in addition to a brand new bankruptcy reclassifying Order Homoptera (Cicadas, Hoppers, Aphids and Hoppers Psyllids) into Order Hemiptera. approximately each order has been converted, occasionally considerably, to mirror new discoveries and clinical hypotheses. Many new households were further during the e-book, a few reflecting revised classifications, yet many are the results of the invention of latest teams in the usa and Canada, fairly from the hot international tropics. those contain the households Platystictidae (Odonata), Mackenziellidae (Collembola), Mantoididae (Mantodea), and Fauriellidae (Thysanoptera). the result of molecular analyses are starting to substantively give a contribution to the advance of a strong and predictive class. therefore, the phylogeny of bugs has replaced vastly from the final variation because of the incorporation of molecular info. the main conspicuous of those alterations, for instance, is the popularity that the order Strepsiptera is such a lot heavily relating to the genuine flies (Diptera), instead of to the Coleoptera. because it was once first released within the Nineteen Fifties, this article has performed a major function in realizing and maintaining the range of the insect global. This title's lengthy historical past, coupled with the authors' ardour for forex and accuracy, make it once more the vintage textual content and reference.
Show description
Read or Download Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects PDF
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Extra resources for Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects
Sample text
Is, each may coordinate the impulses involved in activities in particular regions of the body. Activities involving the en tire body may be coordinated by impulses from the brain, but many of these can occur with the brain absent. Nervous System many (for example, butterflies, moths, and flies) have taste organs on the tarsi. The exact mechanism by which a particular substance initiates a nerve impulse in the sensory cells of a chemoreceptor is not completely understood. The substance may penetrate to the sensory cells and stimulate them direct1y, or it may react with something in the receptor to produce one or more other substances that stimulate the sensory cells.
A, Head of Aedes,lateralview;B, Crosssectionof proboseisof Anopheles. ant, antenna; bk, proboseis; clp, clypeus; e, compound eye;fe, food channel; hyp, hypopharynx; lbm, labium; lbr, labrum; md, mandible; mx, maxilla; mxp, maxillary palp; se, salivary channel. ). A, Anterior view of head; B, Cross section through haustellum. bk, rostrum; clp, clypeus;fe, food channel; hst, haustellum; hyp, hypopharynx; lbl, labellum; lbm, labium; lbr, labrum; mxp, maxillary palp; se, salivary channel. ) 21 - " 22 Chapter2 TheAnatomy,Physiology,and Developmentof Insects The proboscis in the louse flies (Hippoboscidae) is somewhat retracted into a pouch on the ventral side of the head when not in use.
An insect's response (its behavior and the nerve impulses initiated in the auditory nerves) is not affected by differences in the frequencies of the sound as long as these frequencies are within the detectable range; an insect thus does not detect differ2 The upper limit of hearing in humans is generally about 15,000 Hz. ences (or changes) in the pitch of a sound, at least at the higher frequencies. In contrast, tympanal organs are very sensitive to amplitude modulation, that is, the rhythmic features of the sound.
Download PDF sample
Rated 4.87 of 5 – based on 37 votes
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:I Will Always Love You/Archive 1
No Cure
I removed this:
This article is not actually about the line from The Cure song Love Song.
...because it makes no sense to disambiguate. why WOULD there be an article about the line "I will always love uou" from a song by The Cure? --FuriousFreddy 02:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
POV
I removed an edit a few minutes ago by because it was POV- "also in many aspects the best performance of this song..." etc. Author has been blocked before, so. Just in case anybody was interested.
Release date for Vince Gill duet version
Is there a release date available for Dolly's duet version with Vince Gill? If so, even if it's just a month and year, it should be included in the table. That version is significant in that it became the third time that Dolly had a hit version with the same song (albeit a modest hit this time around). Briguy52748 14:09, 21 December 2006 (UTC)]]
Movie Version
There is a version played in the bar scene in the movie The Bodyguard. Does anyone know who sang that version? It was a man singing probably a country star.
It was sung by John Doe. You can listen to the version in Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxDNDjFdv6k. This version should be mentioned in the article, because it's interesting and it took me time to find it. Hnun (talk) 14:46, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
Christmas #1
I removed the sentence "Whitney Houston is the only solo artist to hold the coveted Christmas number-one single in the UK with this song" because it implies that either (a) no other solo artist has had a #1 single in the UK at Christmas, which isn't true; or (b) a duo or group has had a #1 single at Christmas in the UK with "I Will Always Love You", which isn't true; or (c) it's usual for the same song to have been a #1 single at Christmas in the UK in renditions by several different artists, which is misleading at best. See List of Christmas number one singles. --Metropolitan90 16:27, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Whitney Houston- I Will Always Love You.jpg
Image:Whitney Houston- I Will Always Love You.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot 05:03, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
Use in Television, Film and Radio Section
does anyone have any objections to me adding that Syesha Mercado sang a cover of this song on the Season 7 of American Idol? Jjkayes (talk) 12:46, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
Connie Talbot
in 2009 Connie Talbot released this as a single and took it to U.S.#4. Does this deserve further mention over and above her album release? Pga1965 (talk) 00:03, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
* I responded on my talk page because you also posted there and I noticed it there first. — John Cardinal (talk) 00:48, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
Sample change
I actually think spending all 26 seconds of the sample on a section with her vocals is less helpful. I prefer the May 2011 sample to the February 2012 sample at File:I Will Always Love You Whitney.ogg.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 05:24, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
* No problem, you can revert it. :) - Saulo Talk to Me 14:49, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
* I'm not understanding, Tony. You want the sample longer or shorter? Flyer22 (talk) 21:31, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
* Look at the file history and play the two different versions. We are debating about 2 different 26 second samples. One has Houston vocals for 26 seconds and the other for 22 with a sax solo for the rest.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 21:48, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
* Oh, I see. Thanks for explaining. I understand why you reverted to the prior version; it's the one that we hear when we listen to the original Houston version of the song or when watching its musical video. Thus...it's also the version we keep hearing in the news, and, like you stated in your revert, is described in the text in the article. Flyer22 (talk) 23:24, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
* Coming back to state that I also see why Sauloviegas uploaded the newer version, since we are trying to provide a sample that best demonstrates Whitney's voice in the Voice section of the article and Sauloviegas's version, as stated in the edit summary, showcases Whitney's vocals more so. Flyer22 (talk) 23:30, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
* I am not a music expert in terms of technique, but the original sample had 22 seconds of Whitney doing musical magic with the lyrics and 4 seconds of completely different complementary musical stuff that was also fabulous about the song. The 2nd version had the stuff that the original had and a little more of Whitney's magic, but none of the complementary musical stuff. If there is a particular notable vocal technique that is omitted by the sample change we can discuss that here.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 23:57, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
Jennifer Hudson version
Is the Hudson version being released as a single? If not formally released, is it available for digital download?--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 15:01, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
* I do not believe so. I believe she performed it simply for the Grammys. Music Freak 7676 TALK! 21:49, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
"On February 12, 2012 Hudson performed the song as a tribute during the 54th Grammy Awards, the day after Houston's death alongide images of musicians who had died in 2011 in 2012 including Amy Winehouse and Etta James. " In fact no image of Etta James was displayed during the In Memoriam part of the Grammys. The omission was controversial. (Lah001 (talk) 15:00, 19 February 2012 (UTC))
Whitney Houston's Legacy
i have found this highly and regarded sources which claim that Whitney Houston version is the best selling single by a female artist of all time... and i think please include to the article properly... thank you.
http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1679039/whitney-houston-musical-legacy.jhtml. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:58, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
Removal of appearances section
I removed this section as it impedes navigation of the page and provides no real information. It says that it has made "a number of appearances in media and television". This sentence is redundant because elsewhere in the article, it mentions already "appearances" this song has made in both media and television and there is more than one instance of these appearances (satisfying the vagueness of "a number").
I still think a section like this could maybe be used if it had more substance.. Here's several things I'm curious about in regards to this song that may or may not be fruitful to look into:
1) Mention of how the Whitney Houston's cover is used in parody.. It seems that in most parodies, the drum-hit is used for suspense and the following vocal part will feature either exaggerated drama, such as a character crying, and/or ironic juxtaposition, such as the song being dubbed into the voice of a male character. I haven't looked into it, but I feel its come up enough that it must've been talked about somewhere, at least in passing. Maybe not everything I've just said, but some of it... 2) Examples of where the song has been mentioned, or a clip of it used. Would have to be careful not to turn it into a list and also tie all the examples together in some way. Perhaps followed or preceded by 3 3) Where, and for what purpose, is the song used outside of the films already mentioned. Granted, this may fall into some NPOV issues that I don't fully understand.
I hope that made sense.. I have a knack for saying things that don't make any sense... Any way, if none of this can be made to work in such a section, I see no reason for a section or a sentence like that to exist. Repku (talk) 03:18, 16 November 2012 (UTC)
Tammy Wynette's memorial service
I think we should include the fact that Dolly Parton also sang the chorus of this song at Tammy Wynette's memorial service. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:44, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
Selena Gomez
I removed an excerpt of the text where it was mentioned an "unknown story" about the song, talking about how the song originally was "made for Selena Gomez, but she decided that she wants to give someone a career and she gave it to Whitney Houston".
Just a joke someone decided to do... But I've already fixed it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rian Moon (talk • contribs)
Splitting proposal
So this song is pretty iconic. Dolly's versions are enough to be a formidable article, and Whitney's version really makes this article WP:TOOLONG. Thought I'd put this out there for the community to think about. I Will Always Love You (Everyone's version but Whitney's) & I Will Always Love You (Whitney Houston version) (Just Whitney's version) OR I Will Always Love You (Just Dolly's versoins) & I Will Always Love You (Cover versions) (Everyone else's versions).
Just food for thought. I'm totally willing to find out why this would be a bad idea, but I don't think my idea is outlandish. -UnlabeledPunk (talk) 05:26, 2 April 2021 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Llanhamlach
Llanhamlach is a village in rural Powys, Wales about 4 miles east of Brecon, in the community of Llanfrynach. It had a railway junction called Talyllyn Junction.
History
Previously part of Brecknock Rural District, Llanhamlach was in the county of Brecknockshire before becoming part of Powys. A standing stone, called the Peterstone, is along the course of a suspected Roman Road.
Church
There is a church dedicated to the saints Peter and Illtyd, which is noted for an early medieval carving of two exhibitionist figures.
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WIKI
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hacking
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Idioms, Wikipedia.
hacking
(of a cough) harsh, dry, and spasmodic
hacking
[′hak·iŋ]
(computer science)
Use of a computer system without a specific, constructive purpose, or without proper authorization.
(engineering)
The technique of roughening a surface by striking it with a tool.
(lapidary)
A system of grooves in a lap that hold diamond powder for cutting and polishing gems.
hacking
1. Roughening a surface by striking with a tool.
2. Laying brick so that the bottom edge is set in from the plane surface of the wall.
3. In a stone wall, the breaking of one course of stone into courses of different height.
References in periodicals archive ?
Facebook's new measures could make hacking far more difficult for the SEA, as well as other state-sponsored hackers.
According to Kelley Blue Book's latest survey, while few consumers consider vehicle hacking a major problem today, many feel it will be a real threat in the next one-to-three years.
Hacking Team is a company which specializes in surveillance software used by governments to tap into phones and computers and it came under cyber attack on July 5.
com/north-korea-refuses-to-deny-hacking-into-sony-pictures-2014-12) The Business Insider , North Korea has a motive that links the country to the Sony Pictures hacking.
In 2006, Goodman and Mulcaire pleaded guilty to hacking phones in relation to royal aides but, jurors were told, their activities went much further.
Goodman admitted he was "terrified" and "mortified" when he was arrested over hacking in 2006.
Goodman, who is accused of conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office, added: "I'm not on trial for hacking.
The CPS have made it clear there are no other hacking charges.
It is being conducted alongside Operation Elveden, an investigation into allegations of inappropriate payments to the police by those involved with phone hacking, and Operation Tuleta, an investigation into alleged computer hacking for the News Of The World.
Opening the long-awaited hacking trial of former News of the World editors Rebekah Brooks, Andy Coulson and others, prosecution lawyer Andrew Edis said hacking and other illegal activity at the paper and its sister tabloid, The Sun, went on for a decade.
computer security company that a secretive Chinese military unit is likely behind a series of hacking attacks are scientifically flawed and hence unreliable, China's Defence Ministry said on Wednesday.
Not only is hacking a major danger, so are many computer viruses such as worms, Trojans, malwares and such that appear out of nowhere through the internet or other mediums.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ruby on Rails官网安全更新（2022-11-23）
来源：Ruby on Rails官网 发布日期：2022-11-23 阅读次数：16
基本信息
发布日期：2022-11-23（官方当地时间）
更新类型： 安全更新
更新版本： v5.2.8.1
感知时间：2022-11-24 03:10:07
风险等级： 未知
情报贡献： TSRC
更新标题
安全更新
更新详情
## Active Support
* No changes.
## Active Model
* No changes.
## Active Record
* Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
This adds two new configuration options The configuration options are as
follows:
* `config.active_storage.use_yaml_unsafe_load`
When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old
"unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving
the possible escalation vulnerability in place. Setting this option to true
is *not* recommended, but can aid in upgrading.
* `config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes`
The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized
by default. This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your
application. For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in
serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:
```
config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]
```
[CVE-2022-32224]
## Action View
* No changes.
## Action Pack
* No changes.
## Active Job
* No changes.
## Action Mailer
* No changes.
## Action Cable
* No changes.
## Active Storage
* No changes.
## Railties
* No changes.
软件描述
Ruby on Rails 是一个可以使你开发、部署、维护 web 应用程序变得简单的框架。
CVE编号
USRC分析
暂无
业界资讯
暂无
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Negative time values
2000-02-04 Time 0 61
If you calculate with time values, you will soon discover that Excel is not fond of negative time values.
You can bypass this limitation by using the option 1904 date system.
You find this setting by using the menu item Tools, Options..., Calculation.
Select this option before you enter any dates or time values in your workbook, if not you'll have to edit all the existing date- and time values.
If you want to enter a negative time value you have to do it like this:
-"10:15"= -10.25/24
If you prefer not to use the option 1904 date system in your workbook, you can use the IF-function to separate the positive and negative time values into separate cells.
This gives you the opportunity to have one column for the positive time values and another column for the negative time values.
Negative Time Example
Remember to use the number format [hh]:mm (or [tt]:mm in Norway) if you are adding up the final time values and want to display a sum that is 24 hours or more.
Leave a comment:
Your comment will only be published after it has been moderated and found spam free.
Your e-mail address will only be used to display your Gravatar.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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The Main Causes of Swelling in The Feet and Ankles
· 18th March 2015
Swelling in both the feet and ankles is highly common, especially if you have been standing or walking for long periods of time. However, if your feet and ankles are swollen for lengthy periods and this is accompanied by other symptoms, then this may be cause for concern and a sign of something more serious. There are a few reasons you may be suffering from swollen feet and ankles.
Swelling and pregnancy complications
Some slight swelling in the feet and ankles is perfectly normal during pregnancy but a sudden or excessive swelling may be a symptom of preeclampsia . You should consult a doctor immediately if you experience severe swelling, nausea or vomiting, reduced urine and/or changes in vision.
Injuries to the foot or ankle
feet-injury
Injuring your foot or ankle can lead to swelling. Sprained ankles are highly common and this occurs when the ligaments that hold the bones in the ankle area together are stretched beyond their normal range. To reduce swelling in the ankle or foot you must rest and avoid walking while you are injured. An ice pack, compression bandage wrapped around the foot or ankle and raising the foot on a pillow can help. You should consult a doctor if the pain becomes severe or doesnt improve with this home treatment.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema occurs due to an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues, which may develop due to problems with lymph nodes or the absence of lymph nodes. Lymph is a liquid, rich in proteins that travels through the lymphatic system (capilaries and vessels). Lymph is filtered through lymph nodes, which trap and destroy substances such as bacteria. The movement of lymph may be blocked if there is a problem with the lymph nodes or vessels. An untreated blockage can result in infections and deformities.
Lymphedema commonly occurs after radiotherapy or the removal of the lymph nodes in cancer patients.
You should contact your doctor immediately if you have recently undergone cancer treatment and are experiencing swelling.
Venous insufficiency
Injured-foot
Swelling of the foot and ankle is usually an early symptom of venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency occurs when blood does not move sufficiently upwards from the veins in the legs and feet to the heart. Oneway valves keep blood flowing upwards towards the heart.
If these valves are injured or weakened, the blood which flows into the veins is retained in the lower tissue of the ankles and feet. Should you suffer from venous insufficiency, you should consult your doctor as it can lead to changes in the skin, skin ulcers and infections.
Infection
Swelling in the ankle and foot could be a sign of infection. Those who are at high risk of infection in the feet and ankles include people with diabetic neuropathy or other nerve problems in the feet. Those with diabetes should inspect their feet daily to check for blisters or ulcers as nerve damage can prevent the sensation of pain and therefore foot problems may quickly progress.
You should contact your doctor if you notice an infected swollen foot or blister.
Blood clot
Blood clots that form in the veins of the feet can prevent blood flow from the foot to the heart and cause swelling in the ankles and feet. Blood clots may be superficial in veins just under the surface of the skin or they may occur at a deeper level, which is known as deep vein thrombosis.
Blood clots that are deep can block one or more leg veins and could be lethal if they break off and travel to the heart and lungs. Call your doctor immediately if you have swelling, pain or a slight fever.
Heart, liver and/or kidney disease
Swelling may suggest a problem in the heart, liver or kidneys. Swelling in the ankles at night may indicate salt or water retention caused by right side heart failure. When the kidneys do not function as normal, liquid can build up in the body. Liver disease may affect the production of albumin, a protein that stops blood from escaping from blood vessels to the surrounding tissues.
A lack of production of albumin can result in liquid loss, causing liquid to build up in the feet and ankles and possibly the chest and abdomen. Symptoms, such as weight gain and fatigue as well as swelling needs to be immediately dealt with. If you have difficulty breathing, call the emergency services.
Medication side-effects
Some medications may cause swelling in the feet and ankles. If you are concerned that your medication might be causing swelling, please consult your doctor as your medication may need to be altered.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ruby
Ruby
By DeepSource
uniqueness: true used on a field that is not an index RB-W1022
Bug risk
Defining uniqueness: true on an ActiveRecord model can be error prone if the column hasn't been declared unique at the database level.
This is error prone due to 2 reasons:
1. It is possible for 2 different database connections to determine that the field is unique and commit to the DB. This will create 2 entries as uniqueness is not checked for at the DB level.
2. The validation executes a SELECT statement with the target column when inserting/updating a record. If the column does not have an index and the table is large, the query will be heavy.
Bad practice
# If the schema does not have a unique index
validates :account, uniqueness: true
Recommended
# If the schema has a unique index
validates :account, uniqueness: true
# If the schema does not have a unique index
validates :account, length: { minimum: MIN_LENGTH }
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 340
Eran Elhaik
The use of the following source for the genetic scientist Eran Elhaik 's wikibio:- "Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,' Journal of Anthropological Research Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234"
has been challenged on the grounds of insufficient competence by the two scholars who wrote it. Aram Yardumian is part of the team at the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology at Upenn. Theodore G Schurr is Director of the North American Regional Center of the Genographic Project and has specialized in human evolutionary genetic for three decades. Both have published extensively in peer-reviewed journals on anthropology and genetics. Nishidani (talk) 13:01, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* For what information the cite was used? --Shrike (talk) 13:18, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* The source mentions Elhaik and the Khazar hypothesis only in passing. The mention of the paper including both author's names in running text is quite undue in an article about Elhaik. The source could be used with such prominence in an article that covers the same topic, i.e. an article about the genetic evidence for the origin of the Jewish diaspora population (an article about research, not researchers). But even there, only with all caveats per WP:PRIMARY and WP:RECENT. The source is still new and hardly cited yet by peers. –Austronesier (talk) 13:31, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I apologize if this is an annoyingly long wall of text; I hope to cover everything necessary. Much as I expressed earlier on the article's Talk page [], my concern with the source is not as much the authors' competences as concerns that its use may be somewhat WP:UNDUE given that it proposes a hypothesis that is strongly at odds with mainstream consensus among poplation geneticists, as known from published research (which is that most Jewish groups - e.g. the Sephardi, Ashkenazi, and Mizrahi - do share a substantial Middle Eastern genetic component, with a common origin, though also carrying substantial differential admixtures in each from non-Jewish host population sources), whereas this source "proposes to invert" the traditional model and controversially states that Jewish groups do not have a common origin. But its proposals do not seem to have been cited or otherwise engaged with by the nainstream since its release in 2019. It appears to have no citations. See here: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Yardumian+Jewish+ethnogenesis&btnG=
* It seems to me that aspects of WP:REDFLAG may apply, particularly the first and fourth. From "Redflag", which explains:
* "Any exceptional claim requires multiple high-quality sources...Warnings (red flags) that should prompt extra caution include:
* Surprising or apparently important claims not covered by multiple mainstream sources;"
* And:
* "Claims that are contradicted by the prevailing view within the relevant community or that would significantly alter mainstream assumptions—especially in science, medicine, history, politics, and biographies of living and recently dead people."
* Currently, there are not "multiple high-quality sources" but rather one source of unclear quality
* The authors, of which there are only two, Yardumian and Shurr, while they are published in genetics (Schurr more so than Yardumian), interpret and characterize several papers by more notable and cited researchers in the area of Jewish and Near Eastern population genetics in ways that depart significantly from the conclusions (and statements) of the studies themselves (which are part of the mainstream consensus described above).
* For these reasons, the addition seems to me to go against WP:WEIGHT and to give WP:UNDUE attention to a minority position (which could be described as an "extraordinary claim") advanced in one relatively new work that has not yet been engaged with by the mainstream of researchers in the field. It seems best to wait until there has been some mainstrem engagement with its proposals before using it. Thus I suggested that some caution is warranted. Skllagyook (talk) 13:33, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* It would seem to me that the same issues mentioned above would also apply to its use in an article discussing the genetic evidence for the origin of the Jewish diaspora population, as well as, I would agree, those of WP:PRIMARY and WP:RECENT. Skllagyook (talk) 13:41, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I must add that my concerns about WP:PRIMARY only refer to Yardumian and Schurr's own conclusions. Much of the paper however contains a review of exisiting research results; as such, it's a also secondary source, and per the authors' credentials, a reliable one. –Austronesier (talk) 14:40, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* in no regard is it a prim ary source and the distinction you make confuses policy.
* "A secondary source provides an author's own thinking based on primary sources, generally at least one step removed from an event. It contains an author's analysis, evaluation, interpretation, or synthesis of the facts, evidence, concepts, and ideas taken from primary sources."
* This is purely a secondary source evaluating primary source papers on genetics, and written by two ranking scholars whose credentials attest thorough competence in the field. Their conclusions can not be excerpted as primary except by the most antic of misreadings about how RS criteria are to be read.Nishidani (talk) 15:05, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* It is true that it contains a review. However Yardumian and Schurr's conclusions are in part derived from their interpretations of existing research, and those interpretations (in several cases), the subject of genetics, are very different from those of the conclusions of the authors of that research itself, and in some cases seems to characterize the conclusions of that research differently than its authors do. I'm not sure how one would distinguish their own conclusions from the review. (As mentioned, the WP:RECENT nature of the paper combined with its proposals that strongly diverge from consensus and lack of engagement -e.g. citations - with its conclusions from other specialists seems to recommend caution as well.) Skllagyook (talk) 15:13, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* Look. This is getting exasperating. What you criticize is how science works. Hammer is cited by Behar, Behar by Atsmon, Atsmon by Elhaik in a continuing peer group argument as different models and data bases are used bearing on this question, and innovative analytic approaches are developed. All review each others' work and, in science, as in scholarship, reviewing scholars do their job also by disagreeing with their peers when the occasion requires. The fact that Yardumian and Schurr find a different interpretation for the research results of Hammer, Atzmon, Behar Elhaik et al., is perfectly normal. It doesn't mean some 'exceptional claim' is being made. It simply means that there are, in their view, other ways to assess that evidence. That is how serious science and scholarship work, and there is no reason for us to suddenly raise objections to these two scholars because they, in reviewing the evidence, suggest a model they think copes with it in a way that they consider more cogent and, above all, more in accordance with Jewish history, something many of these geneticists are not particularly familiar with (as opposed to many Jewish historians, who know how important conversion has been). Nishidani (talk) 15:45, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* My concern/criticism, as explained earlier, is not merely with "how science works" or that scholars are reviewing each other with differences of opinion, but that a source is being added that makes an extraordinary claim that seems to strongly contradict the mainstream consensus (which is comprised of multiple studies/reseachers over years) of the relevant community (population geneticists) and as yet has no citations or other other engagement from the mainstream. (And I believe Yardumian and Schurr are also not historians.)
* Not very long ago, in an admitedly more extreme than this, but perhaps broadly comparable case, I, and others, engaged in discussion (here []) with a user who had added a source (which I believe also contained a review) to Early expansions of hominins out of Africa that proposed a theory of Homo Sapiens origins strongly/radically at odds with the mainstream view. It was written by two authors (at least one of whom had relevant credentials), peer reviewed, and published in a legitimate journal, but was recent and had no expert citations. Skllagyook (talk) 16:30, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I am inclined to accept the reliability of the source, keeping in mind that WP:PRIMARY sources are not prohibited, but must be used with care. The question then, I assume, is how much WP:WEIGHT to give it for this BLP. I look at the page history and I see that a previous version features a gigantic blockquote of the paper, which is obviously suboptimal. The current version of the "Criticism" section is better . However, , could you explain why it is necessary to outline this specific criticism in detail, when other are very succinctly outlined by the sentence The accuracy and reliability of Elhaik's population genetic theory of the Khazars has been strongly criticised by other academics in peer-reviewed publications based on linguistic and genetic evidence. News articles written by academics and commentators on Jewish history and genealogy have also criticised his population genetic methods and software, and historical and linguistic inferences., with 10 footnotes? This gives it way more weight than the other criticisms, and I wonder whether that's really WP:DUE. JBchrch (talk) 15:19, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I devote I think three lines to paraphrasing their views. The line you quote originally read earlier today
* "The accuracy and reliability of Elhaik's population genetic research has been strongly criticised by other academics"
* which has been around apparently for a while, suggested that Elhaik is deemed incompetent by his peers. I made a minor fix - Elhaik trained under Dan Graur, an extremely rigorous and distinguished molecular biologist who has a high regard for Elhaik, and was unfazed by the hullabaloo over the latter's Khazar hypothesis. Whether he accepted it or not is not the point. Elhaik knows his stuff, which is not the impression you get on any wiki mention of him. I'm not here to support Elhaik's hypothesis, but to ensure he is not smeared by reductive caricature as some freak in his field.
* The text you cite draws on several nondescript journalistic reports of reactions to his first formulation of the Khazar hypothesis, quoting peers whom Elhaik in turn had vigorously criticized for their ideological fixations.* So that requires expansion, rather than serving as a model of such terse concision that, for example, my paraphrase of the 2019 paper, a mere three lines, might seem a tad excessive. But it is not my parsimony that requires trimming. Rather it is the section you greenquote that requires expansion. Nishidani (talk) 15:52, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I think this approach makes sense per WP:IMPERFECT. I cannot commit, but I may work on expanding the other criticisms at some point in the future to correct this (temporary) imbalance. JBchrch (talk) 16:16, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
The ideological investment is best put in the following remark one of the people he criticizes, Harry Ostrer:
* 'The stakes in genetic analysis are high. It is more than an issue of who belongs in the family and can partake in Jewish life and Israeli citizenship. It touches on the heart of Zionist claims for a Jewish homeland in Israel. One can imagine future disputes about exactly how large the shared Middle Eastern ancestry of Jewish groups has to be to justify Zionist claims. Harry Ostrer, Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People, 2012
* My concern is that the refusal to accept a straightforward review article here reflects this ideological tension. The uneasiness that many have with the idea that many Jews do not descend from the early Jewish population of Israel/Palestine. Nishidani (talk) 16:08, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* Maybe, but let's try to WP:AGF here. JBchrch (talk) 16:19, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I have explained my concerns more than once (at length and, I feel, engaged with your criticisms). My issue is not a personal ideological objection or resistence, and with respect, the suggestion that it is feels unjust (given that I have explained my reasoning) and not entirely appropriate. Skllagyook (talk) 16:30, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I am absolutely sure that Skllagyook is not one of our ideologists with a POV remit. My apologies if that general statement came over that way. I am much concerned with the neglected WP:Systemic bias problem. I certainly have never noted any edit by you, in articles I have on my watchlist, which suggest you are POV-driven. My point was, editors should be keenly aware that, particularly in areas like this, ideology plays no small role even in scholarship. There is a good article by N. Kirsh showing how deeply these concerns inflouenced Israeli scientists from the early 50s. The ethnonationalist meme of 'return' is however ideological. Of that there is no dispute, and we should be aware that this is operative, even in genetics, as some Israeli geneticists have noted. Precisely for this reason, wikipedians should strive to assess potential articles for inclusion per NPOV. If the two authors here challenge an ideological meme, that is an eminently reasonable point of view, minority (though growing) but certainly not to be treated as fringe, or as some odd disrespect for the 'consensual' meme. Not to be aware of these emotional investments is, - that is the worry - to inadvertently fall prey to what is ideological rather than factual.Nishidani (talk) 16:56, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* As I understand, our job as editors is to go according to what the sources in the relevant community (which is this case is population geneticists) say/are and the consensus among that group. Bringing to bear opinions or information derived from other disciplines/writings (not from the relevant field) about (what we may believe of know about) biases in Israeli society (etc.) on how we treat on the scientific sources (or suggesting that the mainstream opinion/consensus in the field is less credible because if it) seems to me a bit POV and possibly a little WP:OR/WP:SYNTH, as well as suggestive of righting great wrongs; (as the "Advocacy" page says, "Wikipedia is not a venue to right great wrongs, to promote ideas or beliefs which have been ignored or marginalized in the Real World,..") Skllagyook (talk) 17:06, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* All of those policy flags you are waving hav e nothing to do with my work here or my objections to holding a good article to ransom on Elhaik's page. I've been editing for 16 years. I have never seen any challenge to a source as obviously high standard RS as this. Two specialists in the discipline challenged because of their conclusion does not endorse a traditional view. The objections to it remain, in my view, either incomprehensible in terms of standard practice or are totally unrelated to policy, and, as somewhere above, screw up an elementary understanding of one such simply policy (primary/secondary). That disconcerting spectre made me think that a meme is being taken as a verified fact. Note that, all of my remarks about how science works, of which this paper is a normal example, were ignored. Still . I have to go out an do shopping for neighbours and knock off a beer or two with some local cronies. I'd prefer not to continue this conversation. We have said our piece, and this forum is invaluable for third party comments, which I hope will be provided. Co nversation between the parties only serves to create threads that drive off third parties. Nishidani (talk) 17:20, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
Conversation between the parties only serves to create threads that drive off third parties Exactly. So back to the main point. you have said that I'm not here to support Elhaik's hypothesis, but to ensure he is not smeared by reductive caricature as some freak in his field. What is the role of Yardumian & Schurr (2019) in the BLP then? They mention him directly only once in prose ("This problem cannot be approached analytically in the way that Elhaik (2012) attempted (p. 18 in the linked PDF)") and twice per citation. If it is to illustrate that scholars consider him a worthy peer and can engange and disagree with his research without drama, it should be made explicit in some way. If it is to show that his most vocal critics might be just as off the mark as Elhaik himself (as it reads now), the source better fits in Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry (no idea if it ever was there with all the back-and-forth editing) and would certainly be an enrichment among all the news articles cited there. –Austronesier (talk) 18:08, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* (Your query should go to the talk page, but I'll reply here. Please follow it up there if you wish) The section deals with criticism of Elhaik. Yardumian & Schurr state the general model and Elhaik's theory have opposed conclusions, but share a common homeland-diaspora dispersion premise, which they criticize.
* "(1)The major circulating ideas about Jewish ethnogenesis were developed in a time prior to advanced human genetic and genomic studies. These ideas have tended toward the homeland-diaspora model, drawing on biblical and post-biblical sources for an exile/founder effect model, or the Khazar model (which has been tested twice without success;see Elhaik 2012 and Das et al. 2016).The two models, in all their forms, visualize Jewish ethnogenesis as an expansive process, beginning with a single source population that then spreads and develops into multiple different geographic communities.' p.212"
* "(2)It is this uncertainty that has given rise to both the mainstream theories of a Judean ancestry for contemporary Jewry and to alternative theories, such as the Khazar Hypothesis(Behar et al. 2013; Elhaik 2012; Koestler 1976). Neither of these theories, in their simplest forms, are supportable by current evidence.' p.222 n.3"
* "(3)DNA sequences obtained from a variety of Jewish mortuary contexts or even Natufian or other Neolithic/Bronze Age Levantine populations.. .would provide useful information about the nature of genetic diversity that is at the root of the Jewish ethnogenesis narrative. This problem cannot be approached analytically in the way that Elhaik (2012) attempted.' p.223 n.13"
* I added to the page's Elhaik criticism section therefore:-
* "Yardumian and Schurr have criticized both Elhaik's Khazar hypothesis and the mainstream model it challenged, on the grounds that, in their view, both assume the same homeland-diaspora expansion model. As opposed to this, they view Jewish ethnogenesis as one rooted in multiple heterogeneous populations which, often after conversion, coalesced to form modern day Jews.'"
* Why is such a simple use of a quality RS critical of Elhaik not appropriate to the criticism section? Is it because it also criticizes the 'mainstream' model that Elhaik himself opposed? Is one not allowed to mention that though Elhaik's work has been criticized, those who criticize it have also come under challenge? Extraordinary.Nishidani (talk) 20:21, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
* I added disputed text to Khazar Hypothesis as you suggested
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry&type=revision&diff=1022218010&oldid=1022203273 SteveBenassi (talk) 06:31, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't believe the disputed text should be added anywhere untill the issues discussed are resolved. That has not yet ocurred. Skllagyook (talk) 06:48, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* Regarding ... (3)DNA sequences obtained from a variety of Jewish mortuary contexts or even Natufian or other Neolithic/Bronze Age Levantine populations.. .would provide useful information about the nature of genetic diversity that is at the root of the Jewish ethnogenesis narrative.
New research does exactly that, and it confirms that Zagoros/Caucasus population during the Bronze Age, and Today, contributed to the Genome in the Levant, indicating Elhaik may be partially correct that Ashkenazi Jews are converts from the north. See Graphical Abstract ... The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30487-6 SteveBenassi (talk) 07:37, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* The paper does not support the idea that Ashkenazi Jews are converts from the north, but rather the idea that all Levantine groups have admixture from that area of the north (since/dating to the Chacolithic-Bronze Age) from before the formation of the religion of Judaism and before the Jewish diaspora, some of which admixture would therefore also be carried in Ashkenazi and other Jews (and Levantines/other groups with Levantine ancestry) - not only Ashkenazi Jews. Skllagyook (talk) 07:56, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* See Graphical Abstract ... 3 lines from Zagoros/Caucasus at 3 different times including from the Bronze Age to Today. SteveBenassi (talk) 08:13, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* I'm not sure what section you're referring to. The paper in Cell does not say anything about Ashkenazi being descended from northern converts. It found that Levantines in general (since the Bronze Age on, including Bronze Age Canaanites) have/had admixture (from the Zagros or Caucasus) which had arrived in the Levant in the Bronze Age (as your own comment said). This is quite different from the hypothesis of Elhaik, which is that very few of the Ashkenazi's ancestors ever lived in the Levant at all, and that they descend entirely/almost entirely from converts outside the Levant from a much later period than the Bronze Age. Skllagyook (talk) 08:27, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* "hypothesis of Elhaik, which is that very few of the Ashkenazi's ancestors ever lived in the Levant at all"
* That's not 'Elhaik's hypothesis'. The same conclusion could be made from Atzmon (2010), Behar (2013) Costa (2013) and many other papers. It all depends on how you define 'identity' (A light hearted laugh about the genetic industry's Ashkenazi profiling can be found in Gideon Levy's article about the conclusions of his test: (a) he is thoroughly Ashkenazi, genetically tied in to millions of others of that description. (b) there is no trace in either his maternal or paternal lineages of having any connection with a hypothetical ancestor in the Levant:'astonishingly, there’s not a trace of the Land of Israel in my ancestors’ journeys in the past 275,000 years.'). But this is not the place for such a discussion. Another key point relevant for inclusion is that editors have stacked the Elhaik bio with over 10 hostile sources, that implicitly espouse the 'mainstream' theory. Now that we have one high RS paper that is equally critical of Elhaik and the mainstream model he challenges,introducing some balance, the presence of the latter is being questioned. That is a serious WP:NPOV violation.Nishidani (talk) 09:05, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* You wrote:
* "That's not 'Elhaik's hypothesis'. The same conclusion could be made from Atzmon (2010), Behar (2013) Costa (2013) and many other papers."
* But that is not the conclusion made in Atzmon, Behar or Costa, nor in most other genetic studues on the topic. It is in fact a small minority view, as far as can be known from the stated conclusions of the research. Regarding Gideon Levy's article: I suppose this is not the place for such discussions, but Levy seems perhaps not to understand the importance autosomal DNA (which reflects overall ancestry); an individual's paternal and maternal lineages alone are not always representative of overall ancestral ethic makeup (especially coming from a mixed population like the Ashkenazi or other diasporic group), and the majority view is that Ashkenazi autosomal ancestry carries a substantial Middle Eastern component (as well as a substantial European one) - some such as Behar (2017), have also suggested that the R1a branch of Y-DNA Levy carries found in some Ashkenazi, came from the Levant). But this is beside the point I was making, which was merely that the Cell paper does not particularly support Elhaik's theory. Skllagyook (talk) 10:09, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* You're wrong. This is not the place to discuss this. But I suggest you read Atsmon et al 2010 p.857 closely, to cite just one of the four. (And certainly: do not take at their word what the several wiki articles write in their partisan syntheses of the debates). Ignore the fact that they get their history wrong (6 million practising Jews (mostly converts) in Graeco Roman times) on key points. The big difference is that Elhaik and others contest the assumption/meme of a prior 'Jewish genetic' homogeneity in Palestine datable to the time of the Babylonian exile. They don't believe interpretations of genetic data should be sieved through religious writ as though the latter were unimpeachably historical. That is ideological, not science, and the situation is rather like that which emerged when endosymbiotic theory was first broached: the mainstream insisted on an internal evolutionary development of cells - and the minority view argued for gene transfer qua organelles from captured bacteria. But, as I say, this is not the place to argue that. The point here is to decide if a high quality RS critical of both Elhaik and of his critics is appropriate to the criticism section of his page, partioularly since that page is intensely edited to include overwhelmingly criticisms of Elhaik from the mainstream POV, without any conmpensatory balance as NPOV requires.Nishidani (talk) 12:08, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* "Another key point relevant for inclusion is that editors have stacked the Elhaik bio with over 10 hostile sources, that implicitly espouse the 'mainstream' theory. Now that we have one high RS paper that is equally critical of Elhaik and the mainstream model he challenges,introducing some balance, the presence of the latter is being questioned." This sounds like a textbook example of WP:FRINGE. One or two outliers challenging the mainstream consensus of something is the definition of fringe. In this case, "introducing some balance" introduces "balance" between the mainstream consensus and a fringe view, which is against policy. Policy specifically states not to give such balance, where it says not to present fringe theories "alongside the scientific or academic consensus as though they are opposing but still equal views". It is worth noting that this study has not been cited by anyone else in the field following its publication, which is a strong indication of it being fringe. NonReproBlue (talk) 11:45, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* Don't be silly. A work published in mid 2019 by definition will take some years to get considered response, as any academic knows. All of these three are tenured professors and scholars, and recognized as competent in their fields. Nishidani (talk) 12:08, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's not silly. To contrast this with the mainstream sources, the cited study by Flegontov, et al, had already been cited four times within one year of its publication. Behar, et al, ad been cited 13 times within 2 years of publication. It has been two years since Yardumian and Schurr published, and there have been zero citations to the study. You even admit that their view is not held by the mainstream consensus when you say "include overwhelmingly criticisms of Elhaik from the mainstream POV, without any conmpensatory balance as NPOV requires." The thing is, NPOV does not require us to "balance" the mainstream POV with the fringe POV. Policy actually states the opposite, and says not to give false balance between mainstream consensus and fringe positions. NonReproBlue (talk) 13:20, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* I would add that "The genomic history of the Bronze Age southern Levant" (the aforementioned paper in Cell) was published in 2020 and has been cited 10 times (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Genomic+History+of+Southern+Levant&oq=Geno). Skllagyook (talk) 14:20, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* And it has been reviewed here on his page by Elhaik. Cf. also this. None of this is quotable, because it is his blog. The objection is profoundly silly because you cannot challenge a paper published by tenured mainstream scholars in a standard peer reviewed journal out of personal disagreement with its content (for that is what Skllagyook's objection amounts to, with the point about it contradicting some hypothetical 'consensus'). This would give Wikipedia editors a right to stand over scholarship and assume control over what may and may not be mentioned in state of the art scholarship. To assert it is 'fringe' would require a source, and there is none. It is just new. Nishidani (talk) 16:09, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* It is precisely the job of Wikipedia editors to determine what may and may not be mentioned by weighing the sources and evaluating them based on our policies. But now it seems you are moving the goalposts. As the WP:FRINGE policy points out, determining that an idea is fringe does not in fact require sources saying that, as many fringe subjects and assertions are just ignored by the mainstream. It is true that it would require a source to say, in Wikipedia's voice, that something is fringe. However, to make a determination that a source is fringe, and outside the scope of mainstream consensus, requires evaluating a source based on the criteria laid in the policy. Furthermore, much, if not all, of this is being derived directly from a primary source (the study itself) rather than secondary sources as would be preferable. What reliable secondary sources do discuss, and describe, is that Ostrer, Behar, etc. represent the mainstream consensus viewpoint. They say it directly. You even say it when you say that this material is equally critical of Elhaik and "the mainstream model he challenges". If SteveBenassi is to be believed, even one of the study's authors says "we can't be placed in the Elhaik camp or in the mainstream view". It is abundantly clear that there is an accepted mainstream model, and this is a single paper that challenges it. That is fringe. There is no other way to view it. If it proves to be correct, the mainstream consensus will support it, and it then would absolutely merit inclusion. Until then, there is no reason why it should be given such prominence. It is clearly undue weight. NonReproBlue (talk) 17:24, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yardumian and Schurr's article is not a primary source. Read the policy. The matter of it being not yet cited is irrelevant. In scholarship, you get published in journals through a prepublication process of peer-consultancy and review. That is why the authors' qualifications, and the authoritativeness of the publishing venue are all that count. Don't any of you know that Mendel's paper on hybridization was ignored, with just 3 cites in the relevant scholarship forthree decades or so, until someone woke up? Going beyond this to assert as editors that the conclusions run contrary to some hypothetical consensus and therefore the piece cannot be used is an abuse of editing, tantamount to censorship. Minority viewpoints are not 'fringe' in this context: we include them. We have no remit to pick and choose RS depending on our personal assessments of the state of scholarship. I expect a very old hand like yourself would chime in this way, but am surprised Skllagyook cannot perceive they have exceeded their remit. Punto e basta.Nishidani (talk) 20:37, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* Seems totally reasonable to expect scholarship to take the same amount of time to make its way into the mainstream now as it did during Mendel's time. I can't think of any information sharing technologies that could have possibly changed between then and now. But please, continue to escalate the ad hominem attacks and move the goalposts rather than deal with the chance there might be substance to what I am saying. Glad to see you are similarly familiar with WP:NPA and WP:AGF as you are with WP:FRINGE. NonReproBlue (talk) 04:48, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* The editors here insist that
* I emailed Aram Yardumian three days ago about the suppression of his article on Wikipedia, he responded "Dear Steve
Thanks for this email note and the link to the Eran Elhaik wikipedia discussion page. That was interesting to see.
Your question about why our article didn't warrant any news coverage is a good one. First of all, it was just a review article. There was no new data or genetic analysis. Had we undertaken new sample collections or a new kind of analysis -- as Eran Elhaik has done more than once -- I'm sure it would have at least registered a blip on the radar. Review articles often pass unnoticed.
Perhaps also: our view of Jewish ethnogenesis is actually somewhat at odds with Elhaik's. You may be aware that I posted an article on BioRxiv back in 2013 that was very critical of his methods (i.e., using Armenians and Georgians as surrogates for Khazars). Since we can't be placed in the Elhaik camp or in the mainstream view, perhaps nobody really knew what to do with us. Perhaps in some ways it's a blessing.
There's probably more that could be said, but I'll leave it there for now and ask how you came to be interested in this subject...
Regards Aram" SteveBenassi (talk) 14:48, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* A note: I (and others) am referring, not just to (a lack of) news coverage, but also academic citations. Skllagyook (talk) 15:06, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
* As I said, high immediate citation has nothing to do with evaluating RS per se. In genetics, research turnover is rapid, with rapid responses, and a very thick field of academic researchers. In history things are slower, and there are not many who have the dual competences (historical anthropology and genetics) which the two authors have. In fact, reading genetics papers irritates historians because there they rarely shown familiarity with the state of the art research on history. Nishidani (talk) 16:09, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
So far we have one completely neutral third party editor providing us with input. So perhaps I should restate the problem so that no one wishing to comment need do the grind of actually reading the paper or the papers it refers to.
Research, particularly at the cutting edge, is often rancorous. Suffice it to read David Quammen's The Tangled Tree, a history of recent evolutionary biology's leading thinkers, to note only one of many studies. In a rapidly developing field like population genetics, it is wrong to speak of consensus, as editors hostile to the use of this paper repeatedly say. The article simply quotes or paraphrases four landmark sources ((Atzmon et al. 2010; Behar et al. 2013; Costa et al. 2013; Xue et al. 2017), which editors here state as mainstream as admitting the Ashkenazis have a close profile to European, rather than Levantine, populations. The farce of denial of the appropriateness of the paper by Yardumian and Schurr for inclusion in Wikipedia consists in asserting that it holds a fringe view since there is a putative consensus about the ultimate Levantine origin of Ashkenazi Jews. As the above quotes show, the very authors cited for this consensus say precisely the opposite (of course, some of their papers contain the Levantine qualification, but the authors suggest the empirical evidence for that part of their work is frail). It is acceptable for them to criticize Elhaik, but it is unacceptable to cite them when their work shows that the other school also, like Elhaik, suggests the 'Levantine' component is nugatory. That veto is incomprehensible. All the two authors are doing is (a) pointing out what the ostensible 'mainstream' says: of three Jewish groups, Ashkenazis have a strong Euroipean genetic profile, and (b) this suggests Jewish ethnogenesis is variegated, hardly a shocking surmise. Nishidani (talk) 11:59, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* "Atzmon et al. 2010 'concluded that Ashkenazi Jews were more closely related to regional “host” European populations than to Levantine or other Middle Eastern populations, whereas Iranian and Iraqi Jews clustered more closely with their host populations in the Arab and Persian worlds. . .In their opinion, the genetic proximity of Ashkenazi Jews to French and Mediterranean populations “favors the idea of ‘non-Semitic’ Mediterranean ancestry in the formation of the European/Syrian Jewish groups."
* "(Behar et al. (2013) 'they observed that “Ashkenazi Jews show significant IBD sharing only with Eastern Europeans, North African Jews and Sephardi Jews” (as well as Cypriots and Sicilians), and only minimally with Middle Eastern populations.')"
* "((Costa et al. 2013)'They concluded that 65–81% of Ashkenazi mtDNAs belonged to autochthonous European lineages, and that only 8% of them were demonstrably “Near Eastern” in origin.')"
* "(Xue et al, 2017) 'The most compelling evidence to date of a mosaic ancestry for contemporary Jews comes from the work of Xue et al. (2017). Their admixture analysis suggested a 70% European origin (and within this, 55% Southern Europe, 10% Eastern Europe, 5% Western Europe) and a 30% “Levantine” component in Jewish populations. In making these estimates, Xue et al. (2017) assumed the Levant to be the most likely source for the “Middle Eastern” apportionment of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and, thus, did not make any effort to distinguish Levantine from Anatolian or Babylonian ancestral components . .While the analysis was unable to identify the ultimate source population, the founding event for Ashkenazi Jewry almost certainly occurred in Southern Europe.'"
* Those characterizations from the Yarmudian paper are not entirely representative of the sources quoted or their conclusions. That is what I was referring to when I said that the source characterises papers in a way different from what they state. I will expand upon this, in this comment soon. Skllagyook (talk) 12:18, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* They are not characterisations, but direct quotes. Neither you nor I as wiki editors have a right to sit in judgment over what scholars do. 'I said that the source characterises papers in a way different from what they state.' In other words you are asserting that you privately as a wiki editor contest the accuracy of Yardumian and Schurr's summation of the genetic evidence - their area of expertise, and want to give your reading of the primary sources as proof. That is egregiously WP:OR, not permitted, and used by an editor to criticize an RS, whose status as RS no one would question. Please don't post a massive expansion of your views. We need third party input, not another endless discussion of our respective private interpretations of genetic papers. I disagree quite strongly with the two authors' reading of Elhaik, but I haven't breathed a word of it, or provided proof (which I have) that they do misread him. We have no right to do this. I have refrained from exceeding our remit, and so should you. Nishidani (talk) 12:50, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* . It is not my own interpretation of what the authors they quote say but what the authors (Atzmon et al., Behar et al., and Xue et al.) themselves said that I was referring to, not my views. What you excerpted from Yardumian and Schurr are direct quotes from studies but they appear to be selective in light of what the papers quoted in fact state and conclude. Again, this is not an expansion of my views or judgements but of what Atzmon, Behar, and Xue say (their views, not mine). Above you quoted Yardumian and Schurr's excerpts of Atzmon, Behar, Xue, and Costa to support the statement that the findings of the aforementioned researchers were in line with the idea that Ashkenazi Jews have only nugatory Middle Eastern or Levantine ancestry. But according to the papers themselves, that is simply not the case. (And the opinions of the researchers are relevant to the nature of the mainstream consensus.) See below.
* It is not being disputed that it has been found, and is widely agreed, that Ashkenazi Jews have substantial European admuxture (that is fairly mainstream). But Atzmon, Behar, Xue, and others also agree that they, and most other Jewish groups, also carry a substantial shared Middle Eastern admixture component that has been identified as from the Levant and shared with other Jewish groups.
* Atzmon et al. (2010) says:
* "'...genome-wide analysis of seven Jewish groups (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek, and Ashkenazi) and comparison with non-Jewish groups demonstrated distinctive Jewish population clusters, each with shared Middle Eastern ancestry, proximity to contemporary Middle Eastern populations, and variable degrees of European and North African admixture. Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews.'"
* According to them, Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews were distinguished from Mizrahi Jews by the presence of southern (and other European) admixture in the former lacking in the latter, and other admixture in the lacking in the former (shared Middle Eastern ancestry combined with differential admixtures).
* And:
* "'Two major differences among the populations in this study were the high degree of European admixture (30%–60%) among the Ashkenazi, Sephardic, Italian, and Syrian Jews and the genetic proximity of these populations to each other compared to their proximity to Iranian and Iraqi Jews. This time of a split between Middle Eastern Iraqi and Iranian Jews and European/Syrian Jews, calculated by simulation and comparison of length distributions of IBD segments, is 100–150 generations, compatible with a historical divide that is reported to have occurred more than 2500 years ago. The Middle Eastern populations were formed by Jews in the Babylonian and Persian empires who are thought to have remained geographically continuous in those locales. In contrast, the other Jewish populations were formed more recently from Jews who migrated or were expelled from Palestine and from individuals who were converted to Judaism during Hellenic-Hasmonean times...Thus, the genetic proximity of these European/Syrian Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to each other and to French, Northern Italian, and Sardinian populations favors the idea of non-Semitic Mediterranean ancestry in the formation of the European/Syrian Jewish group.'"
* Thus the study concludes the Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Italian Jews share a substantial component of Middle Eastern ancestry with Iraqi and Iranian Jews that dates to the time of the diaspora and which they attribute to Levantine Jewish migrants, but also carry significant southern European admixture from intermixture with non-Semitic Mediterranean converts (thus they have a mixed origin including both).
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032072/
* You quoted (from Yardumian's discussion of Behar):
* "Behar et al. (2013) 'they observed that “Ashkenazi Jews show significant IBD sharing only with Eastern Europeans, North African Jews and Sephardi Jews” (as well as Cypriots and Sicilians), and only minimally with Middle Eastern populations.')"
* This does not mean that Behar et al. 2013 conclude that Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews lack significant Middle Eastern or Levantine ancestry. Behar et al. explicitly state that Ashkenazi Jews mostly share affinity and ancestry with populations from southern Europe and the Middle East (and to a lesser extent Eastern Europe). From the abstract:
* "'Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations'"
* Regarding IBD sharing, Behar et al 2013 explain:
* "'Analysis of genomic sharing, focused on IBD sharing between Ashkenazi Jews and population groups, further sharpens the results from genetic distance analysis (Figure 6). IBD analysis, which focuses on the most recent tens of genera-tions of ancestry, is expected to generate tighter clustering of individuals within populations, between populations that have a recent common ancestral deme, or between populations that have recently experienced reciprocal gene Áow (Gusev et al. 2009, 2012). Considering the IBD threshold of 3 Mb for shared segments, Ashkenazi Jews are expected to show no signiÀcant IBD sharing with any population from which they have been isolated for >~20 generations. In accordance with the results from the other methods of analysis, Ashkenazi Jews show signiÀcant IBD sharing only with Eastern Europeans, North African Jews, and Sephardi Jews. Sharing was minimal with Middle Eastern populations, a not unexpected result given that the time frame for the split from Middle Eastern populations is beyond the detection power of our IBD.'(Page 882)"
* And according to Behar et al., the populations with the closest affinity to (and most common ancestry with) the Ashkenazi are firstly other Jewish groups from Southern Europe and North Africa, and then Southern Europeans and Levantines. According to them, their genetic signature reflects an admixed ancestry mainly from Levantines and southern Europeans (with a smaller Eastern European component):
* "'Admixture demonstrates the connection of Ashkenazi, North African, and Sephardi Jews, with the most similar non-Jewish populations to Ashkenazi Jews being Mediterranean Europeans from Italy (Sicily, Abruzzo, Tuscany), Greece, and Cyprus. When subtracting the k5 component, which perhaps originates in Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews from admixture with European hosts, the best matches for membership patterns of the Ashkenazi Jews shift to the Levant: Cypriots, Druze, Lebanese, and Samaritans.'(P.882)"
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264390976_No_Evidence_from_Genome-Wide_Data_of_a_Khazar_Origin_for_the_Ashkenazi_Jews
* In Xue et al. 2017 the final Middle Eastern admixture estimate for Ashkenazi is not in fact 30% but 40%, which they estimate after reviewing several methods (whole genome analysis, LAI, and Gkobetrotter) that yeild varying estimates. They estimate that Ashkenazi are about 40% Middle Eastern (which they consider to be Levantine) and about 69% European (with being mostly southern European)
* They say:
* "'The estimates for the total European ancestry in AJ [Ashkenazi] range from ≈49% using our previous whole-genome sequencing analysis [9], to ≈53% using the LAI analysis here, and ≈67% using the calibrated Globetrotter analysis. The proportion of Western/Eastern European ancestry was estimated between ≈15% (Globetrotter and the LAI-based localization method)...'"
* And:
* "Running RFMix on the AJ genomes with our EU [European] and ME [Middle Eastern] reference panels and summing up the lengths of all tracts assigned to each ancestry, the genome-wide ancestry was ≈53% EU and ≈47% ME, consistent with our previous estimate based on a smaller sequencing panel [9]."
* "We used the f4 statistics to infer the fraction of European ancestry in AJ, as explained in Patterson et al. [48]. Assuming that the true source is Southern Europe, the EU ancestry proportion is theoretically given by f4(West-EU,YRI;AJ,ME)/f4(West-EU,YRI;South-EU,ME)≈67% (S4 Fig, part B). However, when simulating genomes with 50% European ancestry, the f4-inferred fraction came out as 63%; thus, an inferred European ancestry proportion of 67% is broadly consistent with the RFMix-based estimate of ≈53%."
* And finally:
* "'Finally, we considered GLOBETROTTER [21], which can infer both the contribution of each ancestral source and the admixture time. The first step in a GLOBETROTTER analysis is running CHROMOPAINTER [20], in order to determine the proportion of ancestry of each individual that is “copied” from each other individual in the dataset. Then, an ancestry profile for each population is reconstructed, representing the contribution of each other population to its ancestry [21, 22]. The inferred ancestry profile for AJ was 5% Western EU, 10% Eastern EU, 30% Levant, and 55% Southern EU. The combined Western and Eastern EU component is in line with our other estimates, as well as the dominance of the Southern EU component. However, the overall European ancestry, ≈70% (or ≈67% after calibration by simulations; S1 Text section 5), is about 15% higher than the LAI-based estimate, as well as our previous results based on whole-genome sequencing [9]. Our detailed simulations (S1 Text section 5) demonstrate that evidence exists to support either estimate. Possibly, the true fraction of EU ancestry is midway around ≈60%.'"
* Their paper includes a graph (Fig 7) that shows the estimated range of European and Middle Eastern admixture in Ashkenazi Jews: Middle Eastern at 40-65%, southern European 35-60%, and Eastern European 15-25%. (Which is not dissimilar to Atzmon's estimate of 30-60% European admixture in Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews.)
* The authors do identify the Levant as the most likely source of the Middle Eastern component. They state:
* "'We observed that in simulations of admixed genomes, the Middle-Eastern regional source could have also been recovered by running the same localization pipeline. Applying that pipeline to the AJ genomes, we identified Levant as the most likely ME source: the proportions of chromosomes classified as Levantine was 51.6%, compared to 21.7% and 22.2% classified as Druze and Southern ME, respectively.'"
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5380316/
* Finally, Costa et al. (2013) do propose that the great majority of Ashkenazi MtDNA (maternal) lineages are of European origin, but do not contest that most of their paternal lineages (and a significant component of their autosomal DNA) is or could be of Middle Eastern origin. Costa's findings were cited and have received responses/mainstream engagement from notable researchers in (particularly Jewish) population genetics (including Karl Skorecki, Antonio Torrroni, David B. Goldstein, and Doron Behar), whose reactions (some of which which are mentioned on pages Wikipedia pages discussing the topic) were mixed, with some considering them plausible, and others considering them not likely. Another paper published soon after (Fernandez et al. 2014) found evidence that that the common Ashkenazi MtDNA K lineages identified as European by Costa might in fact have been Levantine (but it is uncertain).
* None of this is consistent, as you seemed to imply, with the idea that the Levantine component in Askenazi and Sephardi Jews is nugatory (i.e. trivial/insignificant), but seemingly far from it. That opinion is in fact a small minority one in the published literature, held by Elhaik and his group and proposed (albeit perhaps to a somewhat less extreme extent) in this recent paper that has not yet been engaged with by the mainstream (which does not hold that view). Skllagyook (talk) 14:02, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
The above WP:TLDR effectively buries a quite simple request under a load of opinion. The essence of Skllagyook's post is that they understand genetics better than the two professors who authored the article. And since he knows better, he refuses to accept the article on Wikipedia. Now, can we have third party input on the authors' status as competent scholars and the venue for their publication in terms of RS? All that is asked is this simple question. Not some discussions about our opinions of the topic.Nishidani (talk) 18:13, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* That is not the essense of my post at all. Your description of my reply is unfair and puzzling. I never said or indicated that I knew genetics better than the two professors. Above I quoted the quite explicit statements and conclusions of those notable sources (substantially quoted, which unfortunately caused the reply to be long), with their own positions, not my opinion or synthesis (which I added nowhere). It is not about my personal opinion. You seemed to be indicating that expert consensus is in line with the paper under discussion (and you brought up those sources). It is not (at least not currently) I agree that we need and should wait for third party input. Skllagyook (talk) 18:25, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* In fact your post clearly suggests you know the topic better than the professors. Their description of the sources, you are arguing, is inadequate. Your point seems to be to bury this simple request about competence and RS venue into one more of the endless debates, in genetics and everywhere else, about Jewish origins, about which there is not consensus. Please desist and allow third parties to examine the credentials of the authors and the venue, and make a call whether or not it fits our criteria.Nishidani (talk) 20:49, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* Is the dispute about mentioning Shurr and Yardumian's criticism of Elhaik's conclusions in the article about him? If yes, I don't see a big problem in it; per WP:UNDUE it should be a short mention so that it doesn't appear to be more substantial than other criticism of his work. It doesn't necessarily mean that Shurr and Yardumian's findings need to be mentioned elsewhere. Each case would have to be considered separately as it appears that their conclusions are far from the scientific mainstream. I'm assuming that the scholars who were originally brought up by Nishidani (Hammer, Atzmon, Behar) and then quoted by Skllagyook represent the mainstream. Alaexis¿question? 21:04, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yes. Theirs is the only individual criticism that is fully expressed as such (the rest are all summarized in the preceding paragraph, without going into the details of any individual criticism from the 10 or so sources), and it has nearly the same amount of text devoted to it as the summary of all the other, mainstream criticisms. It seems very much like undue weight, especially considering that they, like Elhaik, hold a fringe viewpoint. NonReproBlue (talk) 03:57, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* There is no 'scientific mainstream', Alaexis, but, so far a 'majority' view which the paper shows tends to repeat the Levantine component, though with differing conclusions. I can't go into the details (which I know about) but Elhaik and his colleagues question the analytic reliability of one of the mathematical techniques used in population genetics - and do so at a very high level of formal criticism that will never make for the kind of tabloid reportage his wikibio thrives on - not sexy enough. That will emerge. In the meantime, wikieditors persist in trying to maintain 10 critical newspaper sources against him, while pressing for extreme limitations on any material, like the present paper, that hints at these complexities. That is where the POV pushing is. Nishidani (talk) 08:55, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Sorry, I'm a bit lost here. Is the discussion about the criticism of Elhaik's work by Schurr and Yardumian or about the Elhaik's criticism of the majority view? Alaexis¿question? 10:16, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's about Yardumian and Schurr's criticism of both, which I felt was undue (and I feel currently has undue prominence), since, like Elhaik, they take an unusual minority view among geneticists (seemingly held by only them), and their paper has not had any mainstream engagement (not yet cited, etc.). Part of my issue was the undue prominence it was given, especially in the initial form added by SteveBenassi, before Nishidani's rewriting of it, which I welcomed/was an improvement, but even after that as well. I don't know that I'd object to a short reference to it in the Eran Elhaik article, or perhaps among the other refs, whose prominence, per WP:WEIGHT, is not out of balance with other references criticizing Elhaik (which includes scientific sources, not only Journalistic). Skllagyook (talk) 10:47, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* "they take an unusual minority view among geneticists"
* Please desist with this undocumented and repeated assertion. You are exceeding your remit in asserting a competence, in a highly technical area of science, for which there is no evidence and, in asserting your superior judgment against two mainstream professors. I for one disagree with their reading of Elhaik, but that is immaterial, and I don't mention it. The appearance of some vaunted master of this topic is embarrassing. Again, let third parties comment.Nishidani (talk) 11:50, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Your assertions that they are mainstream is belied by the fact that you have repeatedly asserted that they are challenging the mainstream view (and if you trust SteveBenassi, as it seems you do, so does one of the studies author's "Since we can't be placed in the Elhaik camp or in the mainstream view, perhaps nobody really knew what to do with us.") If they are challenging the mainstream view, they cannot represent it. If there is no mainstream view, they cannot challenge it. You say If the two authors here challenge an ideological meme, that is an eminently reasonable point of view, minority (though growing)", then you say that saying they hold a minority view is an "undocumented and repeated assertion". It seems that the real issue might be that you yourself do not agree with the mainstream view, which is fine, but that does not mean that you can add information in such a way as to emphasize what you feel are the shortcomings of that view, out of proportion to what actual mainstream RS say about it. Also, it seems incredibly hypocritical to talk of having secret info about Elhaik's research that you cannot go into depth on that proves both the mainstream and other fringe ideas wrong, and at the same time chastising Skllagyook for "exceeding your remit and asserting a competence, in a highly technical area of science, for which there is no evidence an in asserting your superior judgment". I think your personal feelings on this matter might be clouding your ability to neutrally analyze the body of RS as a whole. NonReproBlue (talk) 12:48, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Learn to read. By mainstream is meant that there is no evidence whatsoever that Yardumian and Schurr are anything but professors with strong research records and no hint anywhere that their respective research has been challenged as fringe by their peers. Now let's stop this sepulchral drift of chat and its probable function of burying the simple request asked of third parties.Nishidani (talk) 13:27, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* All I see are more ad hominem attacks and aspersions that seem more in line with a battleground mentality than a genuine desire to effectively collaborate with others. Since you are such a pro at reading, perhaps give WP:NPA a gander. NonReproBlue (talk) 14:54, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Could we have third party input please.Nishidani (talk) 14:58, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* I have no control over that. But I have no intention of remaining silent as you insult me, so if you want me to stop responding you are going to have to keep your attitude in check. NonReproBlue (talk) 15:09, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* When I said "an unusual minority view among geneticists" I was only referring to what is stated in/known from the published research, since that is all we can go on. I am not claiming a superior judgement. Perhaps it would have been better to say "an unusual minority view in the genetic literature." or "unusual minority of the genetic research" Or something similar. Skllagyook (talk) 13:05, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* To make that judgment implies you have a total command of the genetic literature at your fingertips, - the premise for the assertion you made. I see no evidence of such technical mastery. Now, can we drop it for once, and listen to others? Thank you.Nishidani (talk) 13:28, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* This is how I would mention their criticism. Possibly it would be worth expanding the section, and then both Schurr&Yardumian's and everyone else's findings can be mentioned in more detail. I'm definitely not an expert, but nothing in the article or in this thread justifies a special emphasis on Schurr&Yardumian's criticism. Alaexis¿question? 19:29, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* There is no special emphasis. The criticism passage refers to Elhaik's work. Schurr&Yardumian criticize him. Mentioning this upsets two editors. The page is stacked with criticism of Elhaik in poor journalists reports. This new piece criticizes him, and his critics. The furore by POV pushers consists of wishing not to mention that his critics are also criticized for the same topic.Nishidani (talk) 20:20, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* That his critics are criticised too seems to be less relevant for the article about Elhaik (which is why I asked about the scope of the discussion). It might be relevant for other articles. Alaexis¿question? 20:52, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Your revision seems fine to me. Skllagyook (talk) 20:45, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yardumian and Schurr are Reliable Sources for the Eran Elhaik Wikipedia page. I made two edits to the Eran Elhaik page, one on Ostrer "will not defame Jews" comment, and another on The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis paper, causing this debate. The point I am trying to make is, in layman's terms, are Jews a race or not a race. Ostrer and his camp say Jews are a race, they are more homogenous than not, they are closely related, and they are mostly the descendants from the Ancient Hebrew in the Levant. Elhaik, Yardumian and Schurr say no, Jews are not a race, they are more heterogenous than not, they are not closely related, they are not mostly the descendants from the Ancient Hebrew in the Levant, but are mostly the descendants of converts to Judaism outside of the the Levant. Elhaik is a Zionist but is not biased in his research, he says his intention was not to disprove a connection to biblical Jews, but rather "to eliminate the racist underpinnings of anti-Semitism in Europe". Elhaik's paper was highly cited, it created a firestorm, many articles were written about it, because it threatens one of the justifications for Israel's right to exist in Palestine, DNA. I think we should modify this to reflect the above "Yardumian and Schurr have criticized both Elhaik's Khazar hypothesis and the mainstream model it challenged, on the grounds that, in their view, both assume the same homeland-diaspora expansion model. As opposed to this, they view Jewish ethnogenesis as one rooted in multiple heterogeneous populations which, often after conversion, coalesced to form modern day Jews. " SteveBenassi (talk) 04:37, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
I have read the paper of Yardumian and Schurr. It is a secondary source by two qualified authors published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The authors openly disagree with the conclusions drawn by some of the papers they review and give reasons for their disagreement; this is how science works and it isn't our business to take sides. I don't want to comment on exactly how it is used in articles, but I don't see the slightest reason to prohibit its use. Zerotalk 07:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC) Neutral editors please note that the use of this perfectly normal academic article is being edited out of several pages: not only at the Eran Elhaik page, which is crammed with references hostile to the author (in violation of wiki bio's NPOV policy) but also at the Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry here by Skllagyook, and then by User:Shrike (here and at Genetic studies on Jews here by Skllagyook, and at Jewish History here, again by Skllagyook.
It would appear in all four cases that Skllagyook has taken it upon himself to disallow a new perfectly normal piece of academic research to be cited for its conclusions anywhere on Wikipedia; That they do so because they are convinced the majority view is tantamount to the truth and not a contestable opinion. That is not only abusive POV pushing. It is outright censorship of any dissonant voice, one in this case, coming from perfectly respectable scholars. I.e. we have the extraordinary phenomenon of a peer-reviewed piece of scholarship suffering interdiction from appearing on Wikipedia because an editor has arrogated the right to step in an assume the mantle of ultimate judge on what can, and cannot be thought, about the topic. An editor of unknown background is acting as if they knew more about the topic of population statistics, genetics and Jewish history than the scholars who specialize in it or the peer-review committee who approved its publication on vetting it. Nishidani (talk) 08:34, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Please read WP:ONUS. Their view is WP:FRINGE and hence WP:UNDUE Shrike (talk) 08:40, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Vapid policy flagwaving in lieu of a focused argument. What's that got to do with the price of fish? What you are saying is that any new research, issued through the normal processes of peer-review and published in a standard journal, is ipso facto 'fringe' because it happens, in an overview of scholarship to date, to differ from a majority opinion and suggest other ways of interpreting the data ostensibly underwriting that majority view. Were that true Wikipedia could never keep abreast of the fluid world of scholarly developments. Ridiculous.Nishidani (talk) 08:47, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* There is no need to panic remove this from articles. Its not the kind of source that will be disqualified for reliability. It may be out of scope for a biography but that discussion should continue at the article talk page."The Khazar hypothesis" saved lives in Vichy France. It should not be taken drastically out of its historical context to smear Elhaik. Separately, the Khazar hypothesis enjoyed a Muslim revival after the founding of the modern state of Israel and the English speaking rose to the bait but it's never been the heart of Zionism. SteveBenassi asks "are Jews a race or not a race". The answer was once a matter of life or death. But the "right to exist in Palestine" is not justified by genetics. The only place I've seen such rubbish claims is the The New York Times which is not a reliable source for science. Why would Jews who were deported to Israel by the nations that were ethnically cleansing them justify their presence in Israel by genetic studies? On Wikipedia we should not be "taking sides" but continuing to improve the weight or NPOV issue by discussion. Spudlace (talk) 09:34, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* (and to any other editors reading) In the diffs you (Nishidani) link above (where I removed the disputed additions), SteveBenassi has added the them to several articles while it was being discussed here instead of waiting for the issue to be resolved, after having been warned about edit warring. That did not seem appropriate. He also added them prominently to article leads, which was also undue given that the the additions represent a minority view. In the case of the Jewish history article there is no other material referencing genetic studies, so adding it seemed especially undue. And he had almost completely refused to engage in any kind of Talk page discussion since the beginning (since his first edits at Eran Elhaik).
* As I have tried to explain, I do not claim any kind of special knowledge or expertise (I am not an expert), and your accusations - now of "arrogance" - are becoming increasingly personal and uncivil and beginning to enter the territory of personal attacks, which I would like to ask that you not do.
* In making the point that the new paper is strongly divergent from the mainstream (as we can be aware of the mainstream and majority view, from published research) I merely quoted (and refered to) what much of the research itself says/concludes quite explicitly. I can find no other published research (by population geneticists, the relevant expert community) that takes positions similar to those of Yardumian and Schurr. And you admit above they they are not of the majority view. I merely argued that their position is extraordinary and has not yet had mainstream engagement (e.g. been cited by experts) and this that some caution should be used at this stage. But if the paper is to be used in this or any article, which I concede that it likely will in some capacity, it should at least not be given undue prominence. Skllagyook (talk) 11:08, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* I am a Newbie, I don't know how to use Wikipedia, I was getting erased by three people unfairly I thought, I fought back, went to Wiki-Jail for 36 hours, made one final post, and this one, I apologize for my inexperience. I am not planning on making any more edits for a while, I got my message out, now I am done, and will watch others and learn. It was quite the experience. Thank You for putting up with me the past few days. SteveBenassi (talk) 12:42, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Your statement that your violations of Wikipedia policies were honest mistakes from ignorance seems to be directly contradicted by your other recent statement on another page (along with the fact that you repeatedly edit warred and refused to engage in Talk after several warnings and explanations.
* Namely this statement that you wrote on your Talk page []"I intentionally made a scene to draw attention to the Ostrer issue, I knew I would be put in wiki-Jail for a day or two, I thought it was worth it, and it worked, Huldra came to the rescue.". As User:NonReproBlue (who mentioned it to me at WP:ANI) correctly said, this "would seem to strongly suggest that this user is not here to build an encyclopedia. Knowingly breaking policy because the punishments are "worth it" seems like textbook tendentious editing." Skllagyook (talk) 15:54, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* We can't conduct a civil debate if simple words in English are misunderstood, and even taken as personal attacks. 'Arrogate' in 'arrogate the right' does not mean 'arrogance'. It means 'claim a right without justification'.
* When on the wikibio page I showed you that numerous Jewish historians (and they have read these science papers) doubt the claims, you dismiss their objections as invalid because they are historians. The error there is that you are saying historians cannot judge the historical implications of science, but scientists can (re)write history beyond the challenge of historians.
* When I note, as several scholarly books have observed, that these claims are, despite the science, embedded in politics, I am told keep politics out of it. But one of the masterly overviews of Jewish identity debates by Weitzman finds it,
* "'impossible to dismiss the argument that the scholarship of Jewish origin, certainly as practiced in the past but also as being pursued today, is really at its core a form of political self-positioning.' Steven Weitzman, The Origin of the Jews The Quest for roots in a rootless age, Princeton University Press 2017 p.20"
* Weitzman devotes a whole chapter to the genetic theories you take as an unchallenged consensus, and says they don't work. He is an historian, but rest assured his summary of the material was vetted by competent scholars in the area. He admits he is not competent to judge the merits of genetics (p.298) but he shows that for example claims by genetics about the so-called Cohen hapoltype have been challenged by other geneticists. He looked at Behar and co., notes that Elhaik 'in an interesting way' challenged their conclusions (he is a geneticist like them) and claimed that '70% oif European Jewws ad nd almost all Eastern European Jews cluster with their populations. In other words, Elhaik's analysis showed that the ancestors of Ashkenazic Jews do not hail from the Near East.' op,299
* Scrupulously, he then notes Elhaik's conclusions have been challenged and 'there are reasons to be skeptical', since his proxies are poor choices. And he notes Behar's response, which confirmed a Middle east origin. But then Behar's account of Ashkenazic Levites concluded that they were closer to non-Jewish populations of Eastern European origin', a conclusion which shows that Behar and his collaborators 'are willing to entertain historical conclusions at odds with conventional thinking babout the origin of the Jews if that is where the evidence leads them' p.301
* Behar also argued that 40% of Ashkenazic Jews came from four founding mothers. His group claimed they originated in the Middle East, but Martin Richards in 2013 contradicted this conclusion, arguing in turn that they were Mediterranean and possibly were converts. (p.302) It doesn't stop there, for another finds East Asian traces in the Ashkenazi. Conclusion? Your vaunted 'majority consensus' is a scam meme that buries the marked differences in research results in a highly mobile discipline of modern science. The point again is made by Weitzman:-
* "This kind of research is still very new: it seems to be updating itself all the time, and the conclusions described here are tentative and revisable-in fact some have already been revised."
* His finally survey is of critics who argue that genetic evidence, though invaluable is 'far less ambiguous' than other types of evidence. In this view genetics is rehabilitating racialized thinking and fails to substantiate the historical claims it has been making. pp.304ff.
* So? Your idea of majority/consensus used repeatedly to challenge the use of new research flies in the face of what science does, particularly here at its cutting edge. It is an open vibrantly fluid field of various hypotheses, in which papers develop, refine or challenge peer conclusions in a rapid turnover of research. The sociology of science is full of narratives of minority views that are generally discounted only to achieve acceptance in a generation or two (Horizontal gene transfer or symbiogenesis are obvious cases in point. In your approach no one could have mentioned early hypotheses in the literature until decades later, when the hypotheses were broadly confirmed. Rubbish. Wikipedia must keep abreast of what qualified scholars and theorists are arguing, and avoid the dangerous editorial authoritarianism of censoring new research because it 'contradicts' what is just a generally widespread viewpoint or model or, as here, a dicey meme.Nishidani (talk) 13:02, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* By all means reply, but do not give us your personal view of the state of the art, to contradict Weitzman's summary. What you have to answer to is the fact that you appear to assert is either that there is no minority view within population genetic research on Jews/Ashkenazim or no disagreement in the ranks. Secondary sources affirm the opposite, and, so far, your repeated claims of a consensus are personal takes on the topic which ignore the diversity of conclusions that have emerged over the last decade, a diversity reflected in the very paper you are trying to suppress from being cited here. That is wildly exceeding our remit as editors, and I am quite shocked third parties so far can't see it for what it is.Nishidani (talk) 13:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* You are correct that I misread "arrogate" as "arrogant". My mistake, and my apologies.
* As I mentioned before, it is not controversial that European Jews have substantial European/non-Near Eastern admixture (some studies indicating which some of the Weitzman excerpt mentions). But this is different from the position that they have negligable Middle Eastern or Levantine ancestry, a view held by Elhaik which does not seem to be mainstream.
* Regarding Weitzman and his status as a historian you wrote:
* "The error there is that you are saying historians cannot judge the historical implications of science, but scientists can (re)write history beyond the challenge of historians."
* What I was saying is that historians such as Weitzman (without qualifications in genetics) may be quotable and reliable sources on other topics and contexts, but their opinions on the genetic evidence would not be quotable/WP:RS on pages or article sections covering genetic evidence and studies (that are meant to represent the findings and conclusions of scholars in that field). Nor does it speak to the consensus in that field, which is the relevant consensus in this duscussion. Skllagyook (talk) 13:52, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* No need to apologize. There is a vast difference between Middle Eastern and Levantine ancestry. You evidently haven't read Elhaik ('the position that they have negligable Middle Eastern or Levantine ancestry, a view held by Elhaik'). Elhaik explicitly identifies two Middle eastern areas as formative for the foundation of the Ashkenazi. Let's not go into the details here.
* You have no qualifications in genetics by your own admission. Neither do I. But you alone are holding out against our use of historians and specialists whose work analyses the literature and who have the competence to do so. Yardumian and Schurr publish widely on the topic. Weitzman is Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the department of Religious Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and has written one of the defining overview analyses of Jewish identity arguments, his book is peer-reviewed (that means here he got competent specialists to read over what he wrote about genetics) and is published by Princeton University Press; Aram Yardumian specializes in Human evolutionary genetics ep. re the Caucasus, Anatolia and the Middle East regions at the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania; Theodore Schurr is Professor of anthropology at the Population Studies Center at UPenn, Director of the North American Regional Center of the Genographic Project, and Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. And you personally object to their presence on a page splotched with tabloid level coverage of this genetic dispute by the likes of Matthew Thomas, Jordan Kutzik, Jon Entine and Cnaan Liphshiz, none of whom have any professional knowledge of population genetics, and all are publicists/journalists. It is quite outrageous that we are having this debate on Wikipedia. In normative wiki editing the source selection would be inverted, eliding the journalists and privileging people who have the academic professionalism or area-specific competence of the three scholars named. Nishidani (talk) 15:44, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* You wrote: "There is a vast difference between Middle Eastern and Levantine ancestry. You evidently haven't read Elhaik"
* I have read Elhaik. I spoke imprecisely. The position that Ashkenazi Jews are of Iranian, Anatolian, and Slavic descent and have very essentially no Levantine ancestry is also a minority position (judging by the statements of the published research by experts in the field). My argument is not that the majority position is unchallenged (that is rarely the case in science) but that certain strongly divergent positions (under discussion here) are marginal enough/enough of a minority to warrant caution in giving them too much weight (and certainly avoiding WP:FALSEBALANCE). As mentioned, I concede that Yarmudian and Schurr will be included in some capacity on the page. The issue is now how to incorporate the source and how much prominence to give it. I currently see no problem with User:Alaexis's edit. Skllagyook (talk) 16:09, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* My full disclosure is that I haven't read Elhaik. I was responding to the suggestion proposed above by SteveBenassi that doesn't mention Ashkenazi:
* "Yardumian and Schurr have criticized both Elhaik's Khazar hypothesis and the mainstream model it challenged, on the grounds that, in their view, both assume the same homeland-diaspora expansion model. As opposed to this, they view Jewish ethnogenesis as one rooted in multiple heterogeneous populations which, often after conversion, coalesced to form modern day Jews."
* The form of the Khazar theory that is taken seriously by scholars is not a theory of Ashkenazi ancestry. Khazar was a slur in Soviet Russia (basically calling them Turks and blaming them for everything, which we call anti-Semitism), and it was also a theory developed mostly by Karaim scholars about Karaim origins.
* The related Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry is not supported by any evidence, historical or scientific, and is not taken seriously by any scholars, with the apparent exception of Elhaik. I think we can call this fringe.
* Yardumian and Schurr are reliable and can be used in other articles. Despite the comments in the email, I don't think this is a new or fringe position. The well-established Rhineland hypothesis implies multiple heterogeneous populations. It remains controversial but it's not fringe. The issue of deleting the Yardumian and Schurr source from multiple articles as non-reliable came up. While there is no consensus here for that, it can still be challenged under other policies like WP:UNDUE. Spudlace (talk) 05:26, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Several geneticists, Behar included, had earlier (2004) suggested might be a possible line of investigation. Elhaik took up the challenge (the theory had a long history of support in many Jewish historians), but his paper was deemed flawed for its choice of proxy. Normal science. (a 'Perhaps this? (b) 'Well, here's my model.' (c) 'No, that doesn't work . . .' Elhaik was singled out for a firestorm of outrage for testing that hypothesis, as his peers suggested worth doing, and much of this was political. In 2019, two scholars reviewed all the evidence, criticized both the mainstream school and Elhaik, and offered a theory of multiple origins (which, in any case, is implicit in much of the literature). One editor went overboard and edited out mention of this on four wiki articles. So0 far there has been no cogent reason given for eliding the article from Elhaik or any other page. It is a legitimate view, even if minority. And, in particular, given that Elhaik's page is stacked with negative criticism sourced to journalists, the balancing act Yardumian and Schurr follow, in treating both the widespread view and the Elhaik theory as sharing a similar assumption, is necessary per NPOV. In the Elhaik section, the undue weighting overwhelmingly in favour of negative press reportage that favours the 'mainstream' view, is somewhat balanced if we add a brief note that the 'general' view is itself challenged. Fail to do that, and the wikibio looks like an attack page, studiously exempting any mention of problems with the mainstream model his paper questioned.Nishidani (talk) 11:58, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* There's just no actual evidence of any East to West migration of Khazars fleeing from Genghis Khan. It's a work of creative historical fiction and it was rejected because there is no good explanation for the vast linguistic difference. Khazars disappear from history in the time of Genghis Khan is why Elhaik's study has been rejected. The assumptions he makes are wild and implausible in many ways. The Caucasus is relatively isolated (with the exception of the many dignitaries, visitors, oil explorers, Persian travelers and occupying armies that visited one of the worlds most significant oil producing countries). And Sephardim and Ashkenazi have been marrying for centuries. You don't have to be an expert in genetics to see that this doesn't add up. For RS/N purposes the source should not be removed for reliability but it was removed as WP:UNDUE I don't think we can resolve it here. Spudlace (talk) 21:59, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
Edmond Paris, Genocide in Satellite Croatia, 1941-1945: A Record of Racial and Religious Persecutions and Massacres, 1961, American Institute for Balkan Affairs
Just wanted to get a sense from some uninvolved users regarding the use of this book on articles about controversial aspects of the Balkans in WWII, specifically regarding the Ustasha genocide of Serbs, Jews and Roma. The book was reviewed in Slavic Review in 1962 here. Given the observations that Paris (now deceased) was not a historian or a participant, not a "craftsman of scholarship", had not "bothered much with the rules for screening, organising, and presenting evidence", and that he had overlooked important sources and made numerous errors, and the age of the work, nearly sixty years old, in an topic area where a lot of scholarship has been ongoing since the early 1960s, it seems to me that it cannot be considered reliable for articles regarding the Ustasha genocide. Thoughts? Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 08:24, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Another issue is apparently critics of his work state Paris had a large bias against the Catholic Church which motivated writing literature magnifying any negative historical instances, perhaps magnifying, involving Catholic individuals or related groups. I don’t know if anyone here might have more about it. His quotes of testimonies have been used in other articles recently and I am concerned as well, is this a reliable source to be used all on its own?OyMosby (talk) 13:17, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I wouldn't use an article from 1961 because per Age matters older sources may no longer be accurate. That doesn't mean we cannot mention the work if it is cited in recent reliable sources. Even if the information is accurate, weight is also a requirement for inclusion. If you can't find the facts in more recent publications, then they lack weight for inclusions. TFD (talk) 23:03, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I cannot think of hardly any cases where it would be appropriate to cite a source from 1961 for World War II atrocities. So in short I would not cite it (t · c) buidhe 22:27, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Thanks all. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 10:38, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* I'd look at what it is being cited for. If more modern sources disagree then that's one thing, if simply contains not particularly controversial details not found elsewhere I wouldn't dismiss it. Controversial coverage not discussed elsewhere is going to raised the question of why, it being a controversial claim, it hasn't been discussed at all since 1961. Simple age is not a good reason to dismiss - stuff written closer to WW2 does at least have the advantage of more direct sourcing. FOARP (talk) 12:34, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
H Ref
I am trying to use H Ref as a source https://www.h-ref.de/literatur/h/hoffmann-joachim/gutachten.php but some one is saying it is not a good source to use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joachim_Hoffmann#Holocaust_sub-section. But it is recognized in real life as a reliable source on the Holocaust.Thelostone41 (talk) 02:47, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
BY Markus Nesselrodt Holocaust deniers have existed since the Holocaust. This is a decades-old phenomenon that can still be found today. In the Federal Republic of Germany, denial of the Holocaust has been a criminal offense as incitement to hatred under Section 130 (3) of the Criminal Code (StGB) since 1994.
The Holocaust Reference website would like to offer arguments against Holocaust deniers and at the same time document their positions. Navigation through the portal is possible along thematic focal points. The menu item “The literature of Auschwitz deniers” lists texts that Holocaust deniers refer to again and again. Keywords can be searched in the “ABC”. Well-known theses of an alleged “preventive war” and other positions directly connected with the war are listed in the “War” section. In the next menu item, specific denials, for example with regard to the Babi Yar massacre, the use of Zyklon B and the Wannsee Conference are refuted. The term “persons” refers to actors, but also deliberately misinterpreted scientists, to whom Holocaust deniers repeatedly refer. Some clubs and groups, those who deny the reality of the genocide of the Jews in Germany are presented under the heading "Organizations". “Numbers games, tricks and deception maneuvers” make it their task to refute the arguments of the Holocaust deniers in detail and to pave their way through the thicket of perfidious falsification of history and distortion of facts. Finally, numerous anti-Semitic and other conspiracy theories are refuted under the heading “Enemy Images”.
The operator of the portal and author of the texts, Jürgen Langowski, has created a huge pool of arguments and counter-arguments that make it possible to respond to Holocaust denial. http://lernen-aus-der-geschichte.de/Lernen-und-Lehren/content/8978/2010-11-08-Webportal-Holocaust-Referenz. And this is Markus Nesselrodt https://www.netzwerkdpforschung.uni-bonn.de/mitglieder/markus-nesselroth.Thelostone41 (talk) 03:04, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* (commenting here because Thelostone41 mentioned me as "someone" in this request). This is a self-published source at best. Looking at individual postings (like that one), I do not see who is the author of the postings. Jürgen Langowski appears on the bottom of the page only as a copyright holder. But even if he is an author of all these postings (I am not sure), is he actually an expert on the subject? Who is he? Do we even have a page about him? If person X is indeed a Holocaust denier, I am sure there are much better scholarly sources that call him such. Labeling people as Holocaust deniers based on questionable sources is a very bad idea. My very best wishes (talk) 03:04, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* If a sit is recognized in the holocaust field in Germany I don't see how its a bad source.Thelostone41 (talk) 03:12, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Why do you think that Jürgen Langowski is author of all these texts? Also, can you please make any links to publications about Jürgen Langowski, so we could see that he is an expert, rather than a political activist who wants to defame/accuse of crime other people on his personal website? My very best wishes (talk) 03:36, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* The sit is recognized in the holocaust field in Germany I don't think it would be recognized in the holocaust field. If it was some political activist who wants to defame/accuse people of a crime like you said.Thelostone41 (talk) 03:45, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Can you show that it is routinely cited in academic sources? TFD (talk) 03:49, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* This is good suggestion, but something like Kavkaz Center was cited in many books, which does not make it an RS. And even if it was cited, this is still a self-published source simply by definition. This is published by a single person. No fact checking by colleagues, etc. My very best wishes (talk) 04:09, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Here is one source http://lernen-aus-der-geschichte.de/Lernen-und-Lehren/content/8978/2010-11-08-Webportal-Holocaust-Referenz and one more that talks about it trategien der extremen Rechten: Hintergründe - Analysen - Antworten on page 598 Websites such as the homepage Holocaust - Reference ' contain an extensive fund of arguments against right-wing extremism and the denial of the Holocaust. https://www.google.com/search?q=Die+Holocaust-Referenz-Website&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk02opFRHaXuvbupxjHH-bGlyegNY4A:1620879134117&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil3Yyo5cXwAhUMn-AKHYLZCO0Q_AUoAXoECAEQCw&biw=1920&bih=938 Thelostone41 (talk) 04:18, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* I did show the site was fact checked by a reputable institute and recognized in the holocaust field in Germany.Thelostone41 (talk) 04:18, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Comment. Not only this is a self-published posting of uncertain authorship, but it is used to support such very strong claim. However, even this self-published source does not explicitly makes such claim if one looks at the Google translation. This is very simple. Please produce at least a couple of strong academic RS that explicitly make such claim (as opposed to an ordinary criticism/scientific discourse), and we can include it. My very best wishes (talk) 22:59, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Comment. I already showed sources that show h-ref is recognized in the holocaust field in Germany. He said in Auschwitz a number of only 74,000 victims can be considered certain https://www.h-ref.de/literatur/h/hoffmann-joachim/gutachten.php. .That's a Holocaust denier talking point? Just like we say on Grover Furrs page he is a Soviet war crimes denier who holds fringe views regarding Soviet and Communist studies.Thelostone41 (talk) 23:15, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* No. What you are saying: (a) based on a single questionable source, and (b) represents WP:SYN. You need strong multiple secondary RS explicitly saying that "person X is a conspiracy theorist/racist/pseudoscientist/whatever" as opposed to something like "what a hell he was saying nonsense in the court as an expert-witness" (that is more like the claim by your self-published source). My very best wishes (talk) 23:25, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Ok then what about this Joachim Hoffmann (1 December 1930 – 8 February 2002) was a German historian, who held fringe views on World War II and was the scientific director of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office. there are sources on the page. That say Hoffmann has been criticized by historians for his uncritical attitude to the Nazi regime, just like we say on Grover Furrs page he is a Soviet war crimes denier who holds fringe views regarding Soviet and Communist studies from the sources that are on that page.Thelostone41 (talk) 23:40, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Then you need sources saying that he held "fringe views" (I do not see such sources either). More important, such content must be specific. What exactly views/ideas by person X were criticized and why in RS? My very best wishes (talk) 23:47, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* I responded to you on here about your concern https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joachim_Hoffmann#Controversies.Thelostone41 (talk) 00:05, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* Comment. What exactly scientific or other expert credentials the alleged author of these postings (Jürgen Langowski) has? If he has significant credentials, authored some books on the subject, etc., then the source might be regarded as a self-published opinion by an expert per WP:SELFPUB. But if not, then no. We also need to know that Jürgen Langowski was indeed the author.My very best wishes (talk) 15:16, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
Genealogy reliable sources
Hi , Are any of these sources considered reliable for a biography of a living person ? Thanks--Farfall (talk) 19:42, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Geni
* Geneanet
* Geneastar
* MyHeritage
* WikiTree
* Ancientfaces
* Genealogics
* No. Most of them are user generated, hence not reliable. Even if they were reliable, we could not use the information since it would require interpretation. Writers of secondary sources may of course use these sources to assist their research, but then we are relying on the writers' ability to assess the accuracy and significance of the data, which is something Wikipedia editors cannot do. TFD (talk) 17:05, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
HS Insider (Los Angeles Times)
Hope this is the right place to do this, as this is my first RFC post. Would the LA Times' "HS Insider" (https://highschool.latimes.com/) be considered a reliable source? I figured so since it's a division of the Los Angeles Times which is already considered reliable, but I'm looking for a second opinion. I'm not really trying to cite anything, just want to personally know if I could use this source in any articles in the future. The about us page for HS Insider calls it a user-generated content website, so I'm unsure of any level of moderation. I know that generally student journalism isn't really considered a reliable source in most cases (see WP:MUSICBIO for an example of that kind of rule), but I'm not sure of how reliable it would additionally be if there's a source such as the LA Times attached to it.
Here's an example article from this source.
Thanks a lot for your help in this manner Wizzito (talk) 04:59, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't think it has sufficient fact-checking to be considered reliable. Basically they publish stories submitted by students. But the students aren't professional journalists and there is no indication that the paper fact-checks their stories. Also, a story originally reported by a student writer than is not picked up beyond HS Insider isn't noteworthy. TFD (talk) 17:16, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
A book on Genetics
I found this book called Genetics. It’s written by this one biologist, named Benjamin Pierce. I can’t find any Wikipedia articles on the author so I’m not sure if he’s the most reliable source in the world, but doing a google search on this guy shows that he’s a biology professor at Christian universities.
So I’m not so certain he’s the nos reliable to be honest. I told myself that just because someone is a biologist at a Christian university doesn’t mean they aren’t reliable.
I wanting to use this source for biology related articles. So what’s y’all opinions?CycoMa (talk) 02:53, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* It’s a college textbook, written by a professor at an accredited university and published by a major publishing house. Looks pretty RS to me. I would not be concerned about the author’s teaching at a university associated with the United Methodist Church, a mainstream denomination that accepts evolution. John M Baker (talk) 05:44, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* Echoing John M Baker. I understand your concern about his teaching on a Methodist university possibly introducing creationist/intelligent design BS, but that's not the case here. One more argument in favour of its reliability: the book is now in 7th edition and has been translated into other languages (at least Portuguese). The only general advice from me will be to use a newer-edition textbook to keep up with the scientific understanding of the topic, because 15 years in genetics is an enormous gap. I checked the 7th ed. and it is available in at least one shadow library; no links though, because WP:C. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 18:48, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
RfC: The Globe and Mail
Which of the following options should apply to the The Globe and Mail for its news coverage of international events?
* Option 1: Generally reliable for factual reporting
* Option 2: Unclear or additional considerations apply
* Option 3: Generally unreliable for factual reporting on these topics.
— Mikehawk10 (talk) 05:16, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
Survey (RfC: The Globe and Mail)
Please use the discussion subsection below for responses and threaded discussion and leave this subsection for one comment or !vote per editor.
* Option 1. The Globe and Mail has long been recognized as a Canadian newspaper of record and is quite possibly the most prestigious newspaper in Canada (1 2 3 4 5). The paper has extensive WP:USEBYOTHERS across many topic areas, with use by The Times of London (1 2 3 4 5), The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post (1 2 3 4 5 6 7), and The Associated Press (1 2 3 4), among other news sources. The use of the source by others across a multitude of topics, including its news coverage of international events, only points additionally towards the source's exceptionally high reliability more broadly and supports its status as Canada's English-language paper of record. — Mikehawk10 (talk) 05:16, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1. It is a reliable and rather conservative publication in Canada and is considered a newspaper of record, as it has been actually cited quite well in the lede to the article, and their international coverage isn't bad, either.
* For the answer to the specific issue, see my comment in Discussion. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 09:25, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Oppose Option 4, this should not even be suggested without a seriously good reason. Emir of Wikipedia (talk) 18:39, 4 May 2021 (UTC) Revoke my vote. Emir of Wikipedia (talk) 18:24, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 as a newspaper of record like and . Chompy Ace 22:25, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 2, reporting is generally factual on international topics but their reporting and sourcing has taken an incredibly hawkish bent in regards to nations like China. I'd say just be cautious and use in-line attribution for potentially extraordinary claims. Paragon Deku (talk) 22:32, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1, they are one of Canada’s papers of record and I have not seen their reporting called into question in any substantive way. Strong reputation, use by others, location in a country with significant press freedoms, and a history of editorial independence all speak in their favor. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 22:43, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1. Reputable source with a good track record.Sea Ane (talk) 02:55, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 The Globe is as reliable as the independent or New York Times or other quality media. Whether or not Western media coverage of China is accurate is a wider issue. While it may or may not be unfair, all Western media treat China in the same way. In the 1970s, the Globe was the only Western newspaper in China and its articles were routinely picked up in other Western media. The paper is owned by the Thomson family which also owns Reuters, one of the world's leading wire services, and at one time owned the Times of London, which is one of the world's most respected newspapers. TFD (talk) 03:15, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1. Usually I say of RS that it mostly depends on context, but this RFC includes context of international events and coverage that is reporting. (That does not however say their coverage of a specific like Memet June is right.) As Mikehawk10 said above, the newspaper has good reputation and use by others. I would place this paper above the other mentioned New York Times or South China Morning Post paper. will add that its own circulation also has a respectable WEIGHT. Cheers Markbassett (talk) 04:19, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 Seems like a standard newspaper of record. Dr. Swag Lord (talk) 04:37, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 in many cases, but Option 2-3 with regards to some aspects of China coverage. Adding to comments from Markbassett, TFD, and Paragon Deku here, and Aquillion, Thucydides411, and Jayron32 below: general reliability doesn't guarantee that a couple articles published by The Globe and Mail provide a neutral or comprehensive treatment of the status of the Id Kah Mosque, of its imam Memet Jume, or of related issues in China.
* Last year, the University of Alberta's China Institute published a comprehensive evaluation of The Globe and Mail's recent coverage of China . The report observes that this recent period has been one of tension between Canada and China, characterized by a steep decline in state-to-state relations, a "reality" reflected in Canadian newspapers. From the executive summary:
* The report explains how specific language used by the paper frames readers to perceive China as threatening. After quoting from a Globe and Mail news article (page 7), the report describes the paper's writing :
* Of course we can use The Globe and Mail as a source. But we're not obliged to replicate its editorial biases. We need to be critical editors and acknowledge, like the University of Alberta researchers, that newspapers can also have biases, sometimes subtle and sometimes overt.
* Editors have these biases too. Right now, in the lead (!) of Id Kah Mosque, we describe it as a
* Is it really a "former mosque," i.e., only a tourist attraction? Of the two articles from the Globe and Mail one states that it is transformed into a tourist attraction, and the other provides more detail: visitors in the past few years have reported that the religious site has been transformed into a tourist destination where people at Friday prayers now number only in the dozens. More recently, the mosque's main entrance has been padlocked. The article itself is attributing these statements to reports from visitors (we've dropped attribution in our own text), and according to the visitors, Id Kah is both a mosque and a tourist attraction, with religious attendance far lower than it was at some point in the past.
* Whatever biases a newspaper might have, it would be a shame if we did worse because of our own. -Darouet (talk) 15:36, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* The study shows that the tone, extent of coverage and topics covered in Canadian media have changed in line with government policy on China. However, the writers say, "We refrain from commenting on the accuracy of the coverage." "However," as policy states, "reliable sources are not required to be neutral, unbiased, or objective." The change in tone or coverage is a totally separate issue from the accuracy of reporting. Furthermore, you would need to show that the Globe's coverage is more biased than the rest of Western media before singling out the paper. See Dean Baker "Media's biased reporting on China serves only the rich and powerful" (The Hill 8/20/17), Dan Hu, "Is Australian Media Biased Against China?" (The Diplomat February 15, 2020), "International media coverage of China: Chinese perceptions and the challenges for foreign journalists" (2011). Accusations of anti-China bias are not unique to the Globe among Western media. TFD (talk) 16:39, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Agreed - neither I, nor the report, state that The Globe and Mail is worse than many other outlets. Rather, the report shows that this paper, used as a prominent example among others, has shifted its tone in response to political conflict. You're basically right that it has changed in line with government policy on China, and this should come as no surprise: the paper's opinion section is a hub for the political who's who in Canada. But just because most Western media have bias doesn't mean that we should ignore specific cases. The textual analysis done by the U Albert China Center, which I quoted above, is a great demonstration of how this works in one instance, and the report is evaluating this for The Globe and Mail and The National Post generally in recent years. When you write below that we should leave the correction of Western media bias to society, that's partly what this research report is doing. -Darouet (talk) 16:58, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* The way we resolve bias in media is to await the publication and acceptance of peer-reviewed research. When there is consensus in scholarly writing about the "Uyghur genocide," we should use it to rewrite articles based on news reports. But that is already in RS: "When available, academic and peer-reviewed publications, scholarly monographs, and textbooks are usually the most reliable sources." But unless we can show that the Globe is less reliable than its competitors, it makes no sense to single it out for sanction. In fact it may well be more reliable and even-handed than U.S. or UK media. In fact as pointed out above, Rosie DiManno, the Pentagon cheerleader who writes for The Toronto Star, accused the Globe of being soft on China. TFD (talk) 21:37, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* TFD, the report I'm citing from is itself a scholarly work, showing anti-Chinese framing in major Canadian papers. Right now, at RSP, we are systematically labeling newspapers with editorial views outside the NATO political framework as biased or unreliable. I wish that all editors were savvy enough to recognize that all national presses have political biases, but they're not. For that reason we do need the scholarly descriptions of those biases to be reflected in the RSP entries. We should not place special sanction on The Globe and Mail or The National Post, but we should include similar descriptions of national biases at other RSP entries, if scholarly treatment of those biases is available. -Darouet (talk) 14:15, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Why would we start including scholarly descriptions of ... biases in RSP entries, in cases where they do not affect the factual reliability of sources? Are you aware of a policy-relevant reason to do this, because I'm not seeing one. It looks like a case of portable goalposts from here, and the NATO political framework appears to be a chimera/conspiracy theory in this context, unless you have sourcing that has some bearing on the reliability of published facts/events. Newimpartial (talk) 14:47, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* If scholarly descriptions of media biases have no place in RSP entries, Newimpartial, I'm not sure what you think should replace those. At every point in this discussion, you've declined to address the reliability of the specific issue at hand: a claim about the Id Kah mosque. Now you're saying that scholarly descriptions of bias by The Globe and Mail are irrelevant to an RSP entry about that same paper. Such an assertion is so ludicrous as to be practically tendentious. If you don't want to discuss the paper or what academic sources say about it, please stop WP:BLUDGEONING my comment. -Darouet (talk) 15:13, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* The question at issue in this RSN RfC is the factual reliability of the Globe & Mail source, which you have addressed by deflecting the discussion to alleged bias - citing as your only a source a study that explicitly declines to address questions of factual reliability. I don't know what game you think you're playing, but it isn't cricket. Newimpartial (talk) 15:19, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* To use you your own terminology if that helps you, your statements deflect from the specific factual question at hand in this case (the Id Kah Mosque), and from the larger, well-sourced reality of editorial bias regarding China by The Globe and Mail, which you insist is irrelevant. It isn't. -Darouet (talk) 15:33, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* If scholarly descriptions of media biases have no place in RSP entries, Newimpartial, I'm not sure what you think should replace those. At every point in this discussion, you've declined to address the reliability of the specific issue at hand: a claim about the Id Kah mosque. Now you're saying that scholarly descriptions of bias by The Globe and Mail are irrelevant to an RSP entry about that same paper. Such an assertion is so ludicrous as to be practically tendentious. If you don't want to discuss the paper or what academic sources say about it, please stop WP:BLUDGEONING my comment. -Darouet (talk) 15:13, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* The question at issue in this RSN RfC is the factual reliability of the Globe & Mail source, which you have addressed by deflecting the discussion to alleged bias - citing as your only a source a study that explicitly declines to address questions of factual reliability. I don't know what game you think you're playing, but it isn't cricket. Newimpartial (talk) 15:19, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* To use you your own terminology if that helps you, your statements deflect from the specific factual question at hand in this case (the Id Kah Mosque), and from the larger, well-sourced reality of editorial bias regarding China by The Globe and Mail, which you insist is irrelevant. It isn't. -Darouet (talk) 15:33, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
1. The specific factual question of the Id Kah Mosque is not the topic of the RfC. 2. Have you presented any evidence whatever that the G&M is not reliable, even on the specific factual question of the Mosque? 3. In what way is the supposed well-sorced reality of editorial bias regarding China by The Globe and Mail supposed to be relevant to the RSN question of its factual reliability? You keep asserting this without either real-world evidence or policy-based argumentation. Newimpartial (talk) 15:40, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Newimpartial, this is your sixth response to my comment here. If you're not satisfied you can take the discussion to the "discussion" section below. Were you to do that, you'd see that nearly every comment there — by other editors — answers the issue you're debating with me here. Literally the first and second comments announce that the Id Kah Mosque is the motivation for this RfC, and that the RfC framework is inappropriate to resolving that dispute. Otherwise, you're telling me that an anti-Chinese editorial line is perfectly consistent with factual reporting on China, and that for the Globe and Mail's coverage of China, there's no reason to believe that such bias should mean that "other considerations" may apply, or that the paper might be factually inaccurate in some cases. I hear you, and respectfully, I think your certainty that editorial bias won't influence reliability is ludicrous. -Darouet (talk) 15:49, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* And you have replied eight times in this section to comments on your !vote, including six replies to me, without answering the basic question of why any editorial line is not compatible with factual reporting on any subject. By policy, these are two distinct considerations, but I suspect that WP policy is not really your thang. Newimpartial (talk) 16:12, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* This dispute starts to look ugly for my taste (and it is there for at least a day). Please cool down and don't escalate. Also, as @Darouet has rightly noticed, the place for such arguments should be in the Discussion section; please do not move your argument there now, at least not until the heat of the discussion goes down at least somewhat. Leave the survey section for just one or two sentences of justification. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 17:01, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Darouet appears to be misreading the China Institute at the University of Alberta source. There is nothing in that source to suggest that the Globe & Mail is anything other than reliable for factual reporting, which is the RSN question. A shift in tone of coverage over time, or in the terms prominently used in news stories, is not evidence of "factual inaccuracy" or even that additional considerations apply in the use of a source. Newimpartial (talk) 17:08, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* By no means: Newimpartial you are misreading my comment. I stated nothing about "factual inaccuracy," and the report specifically states, We refrain from commenting on the accuracy of the coverage. -Darouet (talk) 17:23, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Your !vote was for Option 2-3 with regards to some aspects of China coverage, where Option 2 is "additional considerations apply" and Option 3 is "unreliable for factual reporting". If you didn't intend your reference to the U. of A. piece to support your !vote, then why did you make it in this section? Newimpartial (talk) 17:28, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* As I've stated repeatedly in the past, these categories are poorly fitted to real world decisions about how to use sources. For that reason I often write that options 1-2, or 2-3, should be considered for sources in order to take into account the possibility of bias. The Globe and Mail is an important source, but we should expect it to be biased in some cases (as TFD notes, that would be normal for all newspapers). In this specific case, editors should be aware that The Globe and Mail tends to have a particular editorial view with regards to China, and it's unclear if or to what extent their reporting on the Id Kah mosque is neutral or accurate. If you don't think that bias on the part of The Globe and Mail could impact the reliability of their reporting, I disagree; the U Albert report explicitly declines to comment on that question. -Darouet (talk) 17:39, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* A source that declines to comment on X can scarcely be used as evidence for or against X. And whether a source is biased or not is entirely tangential - that is, irrelevant - to whether or not it is generally reliable, so any evidence you give that the G & M may or not be biased is strictly irrelevant to this RfC. As a point of comparison, Fox News is not considered unreliable for factual reporting because it is biased; it is considered unreliable for factual reporting because its factual reporting is unreliable. Newimpartial (talk) 18:36, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Your commentary is deviating so far from the quotes I provided from the report on Canadian media that to answer you will take us in circles. I'd urge you to read the comments being made in the "discussion" section of this RfC. -Darouet (talk) 18:55, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 Szmenderowiecki stated it well. I do not read it, but it is Canada's newspaper of record. Suggest a snow close. Walter Görlitz (talk) 07:23, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1 Canada's newspaper of record. No source is perfect. Clayoquot (talk | contribs) 17:40, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Option 1. The Globe and Mail is a well-established newspaper of record. Concerns about the use of this source relative to a specific article are not sufficient cause to discredit the use of this source in general. DaysonZhang (talk) 17:55, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
Discussion (RfC: The Globe and Mail)
* This RfC was inspired by a disagreement over the reliability of the source that occurred in a discussion on the talk page of Id Kah Mosque. — Mikehawk10 (talk) 05:18, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* If I read that discussion correctly, I believe Darouet is saying that the Globe and Mail is WP:BIASED on that subject and therefore requires attribution (and is possibly WP:UNDUE for the lead), not that it is generally unreliable. clarification? Seeing people leap straight to a broad RFC about an entire source when there's no indication someone is outright stating the source is unreliable always makes me uneasy - there sometimes reasons to be cautious about using a source for a specific claim that can be applicable even if it is generally the most reliable source in the world. More generally these sorts of broad RFCs are for when a source is repeatedly challenged - they're not the correct way to resolve an individual specific dispute over whether the source can be used in a specific situation. Especially when you're plainly seeking a positive answer - there are sources that are so unreliable as to be effectively useless in any place we're likely to use them, outside of a few exceptions like WP:ABOUTSELF; but there are no sources so reliable as to be completely, automatically usable in every possible context, or which are completely guaranteed to be utterly free from bias in all circumstances. In other words, a "generally reliable" result here isn't going to resolve your specific dispute. --Aquillion (talk) 06:12, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* As for alleged China bias, if anything, it has been criticized by its opponent, Toronto Star, of directly copypasting state Chinese media in the "China Watch section", which is sort of incompatible with the claim it is being too harsh towards China.
* But even if so, perceived hawkishness on China may be a bias, but unless The Globe and Mail has produced falsehoods about the issue of China and it has been established by, let's say, fact-checkers, we should not deprecate it. Unlike RFA, it doesn't have a government mission, so there should be no controversy about possible pressure from the government. It has been known that the West has soured on China and has made even more coverage about it, so it's predictable more negative content will appear.
* The Globe and Mail has reported on visitors' testimony (who for obvious reasons cannot be identified) and there has been no misconduct or fabrication proven in creating the story other than the govt of China does not agree with stances different than theirs. That is perfectly understandable but means nothing to whether it's true.
* Xinhua may be OK if that's a statement of government, but is otherwise notoriously unreliable. I have no belief whatsoever in the independence of that imam's opinions (I don't care who his father was). It is totally unbelievable that one of top religious authorities's statements would not be scripted for the purpose of the interview in a country known for its propaganda and censorship, particularly given he's on government payroll, could be fired immediately if he doesn't please the party (or, in worse cases, face prosecution from authorities) and it is a geopolitically charged area. Simply no way.
* So if you say the imam, underlining he is a Chinese government employee, said that and that and link it to Xinhua's interview, I'm fine, but otherwise I'd leave it.
* All of that is not to say his statement is necessarily false actually, but there are reasonable doubts to the story as presented by the Chinese state media.
* PS. As they used to say in Russia in one of Radio Yerevan jokes: "How do you know if the news is true or just another provocation? - Well, if BBC runs a news story about something, which is then refuted by Pravda, you can easily trust the news".
Szmenderowiecki (talk) 09:25, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* , it's not The Star, but Rosie DiManno, who is a columnist. TFD (talk) 03:37, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Indeed, you're right. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 09:07, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Sourcing the imam's statement to state media is reasonable, but describing him as a government employee is not, unless we're sure that's true. -Darouet (talk) 15:40, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't think it's actually accurate to describe the imam as a government employee. As for the issue at hand, both the current imam and his late father's views on the issues in Xinjiang are well known (they've criticized the separatist movement and what they see as religious extremism, and advocated co-existence of different ethnic groups). The Globe and Mail related an extraordinary claim made by a US-based Uyghur activist, that the ancient Id Kah mosque is no longer used as a mosque. The imam of the mosque has disputed this assertion. The imam's statement is significant, and should not be simply swept under the rug. We can inform the reader that the imam made his statement in an interview with a Chinese state media outlet. Readers can decide what to make of that for themselves, but to censor the interview entirely would be wrong, and disrespectful to our readers. -Thucydides411 (talk) 10:27, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't think it's actually accurate to describe the imam as a government employee. Well, I strongly believe he is. His father was appointed by the government, so should be the current imam as the policy towards appointment of religious leaders has not changed since.
* Their views on cohabitation of different nations, while laudable, are irrelevant. The only thing that is is whether a Xinhua interview is to be trusted (and mentioned) and to which degree we should trust other sources. I don't deny that imam's statement might be significant (as I hope I indicated clearly), but the reader must understand the caveat that he's appointed by the government and therefore has an interest not to speak against it for fear he, at the mildest, loses his job and falls out of favour with the party. That is exactly the reason we don't trust Xinhua - we don't know if the guy speaks as an imam or as a government employee and we don't know if the fact he'd given the interview to Xinhua changed its content significantly. That said, we might mention it but we should cue the reader into exercising caution while reading the passage (and mention imam's ties to govt).
* The Globe and Mail related an extraordinary claim made by a US-based Uyghur activist There is no reason to believe that The Globe and Mail has not made its own analysis of claims or its own investigation (as it actually indicates in their March 2021 article). It is certainly not a copy-paste or a brief summary of an article from RFA or WUC or whatever. If we had Uyghurs claiming that and the reference reports the claim without deep analysis of their claims, just as with the imam, we should be cautious and indicate the reader should be, too; however, the newspaper is independent of both and we needn't apply such precautions here. Just because the author is critical of China's conduct doesn't mean he deliberately manipulated the facts or is biased (you must prove it) - you can be both critical and impartial in assessing some events. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 12:32, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* The government having a role in the imam's appointment and him being a government employee are two different things. The imam's views are relevant, because there are real divisions among Uyghurs in Xinjiang, with the exile groups in Washington, DC not necessarily representing the views of all (or even most) Uyghurs. If we systematically exclude any statements from within China, we will end up with extremely skewed coverage, reflecting solely what exile groups in Washington, DC (many of them funded directly by the US government) say. There is no reason to believe that The Globe and Mail has not made its own analysis of claims: There's also no indication that The Globe and Mail has done any serious independent investigation into the claims either. Given the extraordinary nature of the claims, and the fact that people directly involved are disputing the claims, we cannot present one side alone. -Thucydides411 (talk) 16:06, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* You would have a fair point if the Chinese government hadn’t hounded every reporter who attempted to do on the ground reporting in Xinjiang out of China along with a fair number of their news agencies... Al Jazeera was the first to be kicked out for its coverage of Xinjiang (in 2012) and its gotten so bad now that there are almost no foreign reporters left in China. Its not us "systematically exclude any statements from within China” its the Chinese government. I would also note that if the imam is a government employee and can be demonstrated as such then theres a lot more Chinese sources we can use. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 16:59, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* You've been arguing for excluding the imam's statements. To then turn around and justify your attempt at excluding the imam's statements by pointing to Chinese government censorship in other cases is just absurd. -Thucydides411 (talk) 17:34, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* If, as we’ve both agreed, the imam is not a government official then yes we should excluding the imam's statements. But if Szmenderowiecki is right and we’re both wrong that changes the discussion completely, Xinhua is reliable for the statements of government officials. What is absurd is suggesting that the The Globe and Mail could have "done any serious independent investigation into the claims” with the current restrictions in place on reporting in Xinjiang. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 18:09, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* 1. I couldn't confirm he's a government employee, so I drop it and urge others to do so, too. That said, given that the state exercises very strong control over religion and religious authorities (as reported by numerous RS) and the appointment procedures (p. 48) are such that any candidate appointed by the government will be as harmless and obedient to the CCP as humanly possible, I can say that he represents the opinion of the government. To corroborate this, his opinions on how the people should coexist in Xinjiang happens to mirror CCP's official policy. It might be a coincidence, but I highly doubt it. I also don't believe he would have said otherwise if the mosque was demolished or converted into a tourist centre. As they say, the difference between the freedom of speech in China and Canada is that China has freedom of speech, but Canada has freedom after speech. With that, I can't trust him to be the voice of the Islamic community, but as a government-affiliated person, sure (in this case, I would say he's just a proxy for government claims).
* 2. Journalists, as just any other folks, are innocent until proven guilty. You can't assume bad faith on behalf of the journalist unless there are valid reasons to think so (censorship, his boss forcing him to publish a false story, his agenda which is known to preclude impartiality (in this case, Sinophobia), financing from a rival government that substantially influences reporting, or general unreliability of the publication). I see no proof to any of the factors; if you believe otherwise, the onus is on you to prove it.
* 3. I don't get your accusation of me wanting to strike out the imam's narrative when I repeatedly said we should include it, but only if we indicate appropriate precautions must be made to interpret the statement (he's appointed by the government, China has very strong control over religion).
* Which leads me to the final point:
* 4. Let's not engage in false balance. Just because Western media coverage happens to confirm the claims made by Uyghurs, particularly those in exile, most of the time doesn't mean Western media peddle false narratives just because the claims were made by Uyghurs. Also, even if the majority opinion of Uyghurs is that the tactics used by the Chinese officials are non-repressive or non-discriminatory doesn't mean they indeed are not. The encyclopaedia we write does not need to cover each position equally, either. What we do need to report is the evidence as accurately as possible.
* I think I made my case clear, I've spoken a little too much. Sorry if my texts seem to be on the long side. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 18:53, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Clarification. The sources that were sort of confirming my suspicion he's a government employee are these: 1. Ayup said the Chinese government was giving the imams salaries ranging from 600 to 5000 RMB before its clampdown campaign in Xinjiang. (Voice of America)
* 2. Monks, priests and imams on the mainland earn an average of only 500 yuan (HK$630) a month, a quarter of them are not medically insured, and 40 per cent have no old-age pension insurance, a study has found. (South China Morning Post, 2015)
* 3. Some (of Hui imams) live at the mosque or in an affiliated Muslim school, and some are paid salaries, while a smaller number volunteer. (Aramco World)
* 4. "I haven't had any students since 1996," she says, shaking her head. "Women don't want be imams anymore, because the salaries in the mosques are too low. No one is willing to do it." (NPR-affiliated). The info is also cited here
* 5. The position of imam carries a good deal of respect and influence, but leading a mosque as a profession garners a very small salary and little actual power. (p. 89, 78 per book) Also from the book: "One of the teaching ahongs at Beiguan Mosque (one of the oldest surviving mosques in downtown Xining) told me that he and most others declined a 500 RMB monthly salary because they taught out of service to the community and had other means of making a living." (p. 111, 100 per book)
* (Alexander B. Stewart, Chinese Muslims and the Global Ummah: Islamic Revival and Ethnic Identity Among the Hui of Qinghai Province. Routledge Contemporary China: New York, 2016)
* I could not conclusively say, based on the sources, that he received a government salary and was therefore a government employee; he might have refused it. However, my hunch says that it might be very true in the case with the current imam of Id Kah mosque; it's just I couldn't prove it beyond a reasonable doubt. You may come to other conclusions. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 20:48, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* If the Globe and Mail has not independently verified the claims, then they are just relating what an activist has said. The fact that accurate information is difficult to obtain is not an excuse to put unsubstantiated claims into Wikivoice. -Thucydides411 (talk) 20:07, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Aquillion and Thucydides411 are right on target: the allegation that the oldest and most venerated mosque in Xinjiang is nothing more, now, than a tourist attraction is an extraordinary claim, particularly since the claim is contested by the mosque's imam. The claim might be printable here with attribution, but it shouldn't be stated in wikivoice. If the claim is put into the article, the imam's response needs to be present as well (also with attribution). As a reader, I would expect an encyclopedia to tell me what the relevant parties had stated, including the Chinese government itself, if it took a position on the matter. -Darouet (talk) 15:40, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* Two problems with that... We don’t know when the imam made his statement and he doesn't directly contest that claim (it not clear that he’s even aware that such a claim has been made). Horse Eye's Back (talk) 17:02, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* There are only 3 options in this RfC. Did you place your !vote in the wrong discussion section? — Mikehawk10 (talk) 20:05, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* I have revoked my vote. Emir of Wikipedia (talk) 18:24, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I would like to add that this is the second time that a discussion over a specific usage of a source (a claim made in one article from that source) has been inflated into a generic RfC in the line of perennial usage. This happened previously with Coda Story and you were told not to do it again by other editors. I would seriously ask you to please not do it a third time if such a situation comes up again, especially when other editors tell you it's not the proper usage of RS discussions. Paragon Deku (talk) 22:34, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
* This isn't about the particular use of the source. If you read the talk page, you will notice that an editor questioned the general reliability of the paper, writing that The Independent is a great paper (The Globe and Mail far less so). The question for this RfC was framed in light of its ability to cover international news generally, and indeed there are editors (including yourself) who were party to that talk page discussion who do not believe that The Globe and Mail is WP:GREL for its international news coverage. The point of making an RfC on WP:RSN is to bring in the community to see if the source is reliable in general (within a broad context). The WP:NPOVN noticeboard is the appropriate location for questions about the use of a generally reliable source in a particular article. Since there was disagreement over the source's general reliability (not just the specific use of the source in a single article), I believe that this RfC has been placed on this board appropriately. — Mikehawk10 (talk) 00:13, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Actually, it's abundantly clear that the questions raised were mainly about the Id Kah Mosque specific sources. This is corroborated by multiple editors in this RfC, including ones participating in discussion below. This is, as I have said, the second time you have done this, and it feels like WP:BLUDGEONING to stop individual interpretation of sources. Paragon Deku (talk) 19:22, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* If you read WP:BLUDGEONING, you will note that it says that Bludgeoning the process is where someone attempts to force their point of view by the sheer volume of comments, such as contradicting every viewpoint that is different from their own. If you believe that I am spamming the discussion with my own comments, then I won't be able to change your mind on it, but I really don't think it's reasonable to conclude that I'm doing that here. Would you please point to where I am spamming my comments in this conversation?
* It's perfectly acceptable to call an RfC where there is a dispute over a source's general reliability in a context. Again, I agree that questions concerning the use of sources that would generally be considered reliable, for specific content, probably belong at WP:NPOVN. But, this particular dispute (as evidenced by your !vote and that of another involved editor) is not one in which there was agreement over the general reliability of the source; the dispute includes whether the source would generally be considered reliable in its coverage of China, broadly construed. As such, I believe it to be appropriate on this board.
* — Mikehawk10 (talk) 06:37, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* Key word here is "like," it creates a situation where you're obfuscating the actual discussion to overwhelm the original questioner with a slew of uninvolved editors who have been robbed of context. It's an outsourced torrential downpour of new content to sort and reply to.
* This is blatant RfC spam and others have already called this into question besides me. This is not some sort of unique argument on my part.
* - Paragon Deku (talk) 07:16, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's not bludgeoning (which is when an editor comments excessively in a thread, perhaps replying to every single comment), but it is an inappropriate use of WP:RSN. If one has a question about a particular source for a particular claim in a particular article, one does not launch an RfC about the source in general. There was a dispute about whether an extraordinary claim (that a famous mosque is a now a "former mosque") could be made in Wikivoice, based on a particular article in the Globe and Mail. then launched this RfC about the Globe and Mail in general, knowing that the overall response would be positive. I believe the idea was then to go back to the original dispute and argue that since the Globe and Mail now has the green stamp of approval, it must be acceptable to make this particular extraordinary claim in Wikivoice using one particular article from the newspaper. But Mikehawk10 did not just come to RSN and ask the original question directly. The whole exercise is a roundabout way of trying to get some sort of stamp of approval from RSN, without actually discussing the sourcing issue at hand. I think this is a misuse of the RfC process. -Thucydides411 (talk) 08:31, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* The reason I compare it to bludgeoning is that the massive positive response that comes in from uninolved editors who are not given the entire context becomes a burden to bear by the editors originally raising claims of reliability. It's not the same in methods, but it's the same in effect: the original questioner becomes overwhelmed by a large number of responses and can't correct the record and keep up. Paragon Deku (talk) 08:51, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* To respond to, I don't see an issue with involving the community more broadly where the individuals on the talk page cannot reach a consensus. At the end of the day, this is about building consensus, rather than seeking a pre-determined outcome that goes one way or the other. I don't understand why a large number of uninvolved editors being drawn into these sorts of discussions is a bad thing, especially when it helps to achieve consensus. When discussions fail, it is good practice to use established processes to attract outside editors to offer opinions. This is often useful to break simple, good-faith deadlocks, because uninvolved editors can bring in fresh perspectives, and can help involved editors see middle ground that they cannot see for themselves. — Mikehawk10 (talk) 15:54, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't think that anyone is objecting to "involving the community more broadly where the individuals on the talk page cannot reach a consensus." What I object to - and I think that many others do, too - is filing an RfC instead of first engaging in a more informal process. It's fantastic when editors (responsibly) ask others for input and advice but we don't need editors jumping straight from "a few editors in the Talk page of one article can't come to consensus" to "we need to fire a red flair to summon as many editors as we possibly can (through an RfC)." There are intermediate steps that can resolve many of these discussions and disagreements and editors should be encouraged to try them first. ElKevbo (talk) 16:03, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* The problem with a RfC such as this one is that an answer of "Yes - reliable" here doesn't necessarily mean "Yes - reliable for the specific case in question". This RfC can't provide an affirmative answer the question that prompted the RfC. Only an answer of "unreliable" would impact that specific question. Springee (talk) 18:28, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* To respond to, this is as I have said the second time you have been asked not to do this exact thing and any attempts to dodge that observable fact with the guise of involving the community does not seem genuine. Paragon Deku (talk) 01:44, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* The problem with a RfC such as this one is that an answer of "Yes - reliable" here doesn't necessarily mean "Yes - reliable for the specific case in question". This RfC can't provide an affirmative answer the question that prompted the RfC. Only an answer of "unreliable" would impact that specific question. Springee (talk) 18:28, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
* To respond to, this is as I have said the second time you have been asked not to do this exact thing and any attempts to dodge that observable fact with the guise of involving the community does not seem genuine. Paragon Deku (talk) 01:44, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* I think this RFC is completely misguided in that the problem is not with reliability in general, it is with the use of information from a reliable source. Just because a source is thought to be a generally high-quality reliable source does not mean that citations from that source can be used however we want in Wikipedia without any restrictions or guidance or whatever. Sometimes, information from a reliable source needs direct attribution, or explanation, or clarification based on what other reliable sources may say (which may be in conflict with the first source). If that is the case, we have a number of ways to deal with the first source, but none of that means that the source in question is unreliable, generally. Reliability is not perfection, and if it can be demonstrated that an otherwise reliable source was incorrect (or in conflict with what other reliable sources say) that doesn't mean we are required to use the incorrect information. Being cited to a source doesn't mean we must use it, especially if it is demonstrably wrong. Furthermore, even if it is not wrong but merely in dispute (that is, it is unclear which of two conflicting sources is correct) then perhaps we should directly attribute each source to let the reader know that the is not widespread agreement. That's okay too. What's not okay is finding a single mistake, or conflicting viewpoint, or whatever, and then trying to elevate that singular situation to question the entire reputation of the source as a means to affect the use of that one citation. Deal with the citation on its own terms. The result of this discussion will do nothing to resolve the conflict in question, and is a distraction and a waste of time. There are other, more productive, ways to resolve this conflict. -- Jayron 32 16:20, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I wish more editors understood this fundamental issue. Unfortunately, while helpful in principle, the framework of WP:RSP is being misused to eliminate critical thinking and subtlety from the evaluation of sources. -Darouet (talk) 16:31, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* As I wrote above, there is no evidence that the Globe is more biased and less accurate than Western media in general. Singling out one publication which has a relatively high reputation among its peers is unhelpful. A better discussion would be how articles should deal with the issue of Western media bias in general. Personally, while I believe that a lot of the reporting is unfair including on many other topics, I think that Wikipedia articles should reflect what sources say and leave the correction of Western media bias to society. The best we can do is to ensure that articles have proper tone and weight. TFD (talk) 16:47, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I oppose the continuing volume and structure of these RFCs on principle. Most if not all news sources that provide information about the previous days news are not unbiased on all subjects. I generally trust the BBC, but would not go to them for neutral coverage of the British Monarchy. I generally trust al-Jazeera, but would not go to them for neutral coverage of Saudi Arabia. I generally trust the Washington Post, but would not go to them for neutral coverage of Amazon.com . This insistence among a large part of the community that we can do a simple "reliable/not reliable" assessment of news sources is simply incorrect; hopefully through time and persuasion more editors will see this. User:力 (power~enwiki, π, ν ) 17:56, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't have the time or energy to draft one, but I would support someone else's RFC imposing a (6 month?) moratorium on RfCs specifically about adding sources to WP:RSP. All the truly "perennial" sources should be there already, perhaps we can figure out a better way forward. User:力 (power~enwiki, π, ν ) 19:31, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't know if that's exactly the right solution, even though I pretty much agree with you. I think the question is "we know users are using perennial RfCs as a smokescreen for discussions that are actually about specific articles and pieces, so how do we prevent this without limiting actual perennial discussions?" Overall it's a very messy situation. Paragon Deku (talk) 19:56, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* So long as we are complaining about RSP, I am concerned that some of the additions seem to be rather subjective interpretations of a few RSN discussions. We may have a few RSN discussions that ask, "is source X good for this claim". The answer is yes, then the source gets added as a "Green" source. Did we really have a wide ranging consensus that source X was generally reliable? Now a question that comes to RSN asking, "is X a good source for this controversial claim" may not be considered on the merits of the claim, rather on the color of the RSP entry. Springee (talk) 20:18, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* power~enwiki: An RfC re a moratorium in 2019 failed. Springee: you're right again. Peter Gulutzan (talk) 22:27, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Agree with those who think these RfC are not helpful. RSN shouldn't be continuously blessing/condemning sources as reliable/not reliable. Instead we should be answering questions about using a specific source for a specific claim. This is an important distinction because many times the underlying issue is a generally reliable source being used in a way where say an opinion is treated as fact or the more relevant question should be DUE rather than WP:V. I certainly see no reason to see the Globe as anything other than generally reliable but that should never be treated as cart blanche for ignoring things like attribution of opinions/commentary, RECENT, UDE etc. Springee (talk) 18:33, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Well put. Emir of Wikipedia (talk) 19:04, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Voicing my support that we need to stop RFCs seeking deprecation of sources due to one or two incidents and/or claims of bias. A well-formed RFC on the matter, showing a record of problems over multiple areas and many years, is what needs to be presented (of which, for example, we have had with Daily Mail, RT, and Fox News). But we have editors that seem to want to use RS/P as a means to win content conflicts by declaring a source bad. I think that if we add clear wording to the top of this page and RSP about what serious RSP RFC requests should be constructed around, admins should have the freedom to immediately shut down RFCs that clearly are not of a proper type so that we aren't dragging too many editors into a content issue at RSN. (eg here, there is a fair question of whther the given Globe and Mail article can be used for the claim about this site become a tourist attraction, but that absolutely did not need to drag in the overall reliability of G&M into question). --M asem (t) 20:03, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Agree 100% with Springee and Masem. This noticeboard absolutely needs to get back to discussing sources in specific context (what the source is being cited FOR)... and WP:RSP needs to be reserved for sources that keep coming up (the “P” stands for PERENNIAL after all). Blueboar (talk) 20:37, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Agreeing with this 100 % myself, can I also add that we need to develop more realistic categories for news organizations. Humans are extraordinarily susceptible to us vs. them thinking, and the these RSP discussions have devolved into mob-like environments with people voting for 1 or 4 depending on their political views. That's not the way the world works, and Wikipedia can do better. -Darouet (talk) 20:50, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
* Blueboar, Darouet - 100% agree. We took a massive wrong turn with the DM Ban and it's time to bring things back onto the right track. This doesn't mean it's suddenly "OK" to use generally low quality sources like the DM, but context really is key here and we shouldn't discuss reliability in a vacuum. FOARP (talk) 20:42, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
Turkish News Sites
News websites İnternethaber (286 links), Aydınlık (44 links) and Yeniçağ (158 links) are sources that are used in Wikipedia especially about subjects related to Turkey. But their on early May they published news regarding the article Turkish War of Independence in which they claim that Wikipedia is carrying out a smear campaign which was not true. This creates questioning about their reliability. What are your opinions?--V. E. (talk) 17:17, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* I don't read Turkish, so I cannot comment on the specific incident. Did they publish someone's opinion or was it a regular reporting? Other than this, have there been issues with their reliability? When it comes to press freedom, Turkey is currently slightly worse than Russia and slightly better than Belarus, so probably these media outlets should be used carefully, especially for contentious topics. Alaexis¿question? 17:37, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* They were not publishing someone else's opinion.--V. E. (talk) 19:17, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* İnternethaber reads very much like a tabloid, for example here; that being at least through the lens of Google Translate. Using clickbait titles on the main page ("Rezalet! Öğrencisiyle tuvalette") and exclamation marks with emotionally loaded words doesn't help their case. Aydınlık and Yeniçağ look even more tabloid-like in the worst sense of the word; particularly the latter with "He shared the scandal from his social media account" sticker on the headline image makes me extremely skeptic to cite it immediately. Also, Aydınlık and Yeniçağ are known to be nationalist newspapers, and Aydınlık is a left-wing party's press organ. I won't comment much on İnternethaber besides not having a good first impression, but better alternatives should be definitely sought for the latter two. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 01:23, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* They're definitely not reliable sources for the claim that Wikipedia is conducting a campaign against Turkey. Opinion pieces in general are not reliable sources regardless. They probably should be replaced by more reliable sources in articles like Suruç bombing, Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey, or Armenian Genocide recognition. (t · c) buidhe 06:08, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
Skerne Bridge public information board
(For reference: board is in left foreground of this photograph - File:Skerne Railway Bridge South Side Centre May 2021.jpg)
I have been developing this article, and have added some photographs (uploaded to Commons). Darlington Council have erected a public information board near the bridge, with an account of its history, photographs, and a annotated map. I came to the conclusion that it was an artistic object, and therefore not acceptable to upload a photograph of it to Commons. Am I correct? More importantly, would it count as a Reliable Source? I would understand it as being analogous to a description of an exhibit in a museum (it being hard to place a bridge in a museum, especially when it is still in use), but the previous discussions of museum captions don't seem to have a definitive answer on whether they are a RS.--Verbarson (talk) 09:19, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* And if it is, how do I reference it?!--Verbarson (talk) 09:24, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* I can't answer your main question, although it's the sort of thing I'd say would be due for an attributed claim if nothing else, but exists for the how. Thryduulf (talk) 11:19, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* , thanks. I shall take that as an encouraging sign, and boldly go and cite.--Verbarson (talk) 17:44, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* , in terms of copyrighted images there is freedom of panorama in the UK for objects permanently located in public places, so if you take a picture of the board it should be OK to upload (and no doubt useful!) (t · c) buidhe 05:47, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* , thank you for directing me to that. But I note that under Freedom of panorama, it says "Accordingly, photographs may not freely be taken of artworks such as murals or posters even if they are permanently located in a public place." I think that a free-standing information board, designed to complement and improve a public space, and incorporating extended text, photographs and a map, would be included in such a category. I have therefore cited information from the board in the article, but I have not uploaded a photograph.--Verbarson (talk) 09:34, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* The consensus at Commons is certainly that 2D maps and artworks, etc are not covered by UK freedom of panorama, and even if they were that wouldn't extend to when they were the focus of the image. A text-only board might be acceptable, but that's not how this one is described. Whether the board could be uploaded to Wikipedia as fair use for the purposes of citing it I don't know, that's something to ask at WT:NFC I suspect. Also worth looking to see if the council (or a friends group, etc) have put a photo or text of the board on their website anywhere. Thryduulf (talk) 11:40, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sexes
I found this article I was wondering if y’all think it’s a reliable source. It was posted to PLOS Biology which is a peer reviewed source, but the article is written by a single science writer and I’m not entirely sure if the source still holds up.CycoMa (talk) 03:46, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* It belongs to popular science, but I think using it for sourcing is OK. That is unless there is a serious scientific review saying something different or there are significant objections by someone supported by stronger sources. My very best wishes (talk) 05:02, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* It is written as if it were a chapter for an undergraduate textbook - a rather good sign, because syntheses tend to be more reliable than primary research articles (see WP:WMEDRS). It's been on a peer-reviewed journal for over 15 years and no one has protested much about the content (which seems to be written more for a textbook rather than a typical scientific article, which is still pretty good), so the only possible problem could be that the info is outdated; reliability at that stage is only a problem to the extent that the info is outdated. To know if that's the case, direct most of your enquiries concerning the reliability of biology articles/information to WP:BIOLOGY folks, in particular to the talk pages of the articles you want to introduce your reference to. They will know much more about intricacies of biology and the current state of knowledge than we do, as this is a general-purpose reliability noticeboard. (I, for example, am an undergrad chemist, not exactly a biologist). From what I can recall from my recent biology course, the information seems not to be outdated, but do ask the folks more connected with biology. I hope you've managed to find the newest edition genetics textbook by Pierce. Cheers. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 05:14, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
News Corp
This is quite the takedown of how News Corp morphs facts into bullshit:.
A six-year-old book arguing that Taiwan or some other foreign actor could modify SARS to target China, becomes a "Chinese military document" then a "leaked" Chinese military document obtained by the US State Department, revealing a Chinese plan to weaponise SARS coronaviruses.
The video is by Peter Hadfield, a respectable science journalist who actually worked for News Corp at one point. Guy (help! - typo?) 21:43, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Ah yes a YouTube video from a nobody geologist post a brutal take down of such and such. Only thing missing is a fedora and skeptical somewhere on there to complete the set. Pass, lets wait for real sources. PackMecEng (talk) 21:54, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* He worked as a science journalist, but has a degree in geology. It's a good example of why the "bioweapon" claims are considered conspiracy theories, and have not been taken seriously in Wikipedia discussions. Hemiauchenia (talk) 22:05, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* I't s a WP:SPS, on Youtube none the less. Honestly, if it is not something we could use as a source in an article I see no reason to use it to inform us about a source or editing policy in general. This is a waste of time. PackMecEng (talk) 22:08, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* I agree the thread title is not the most descriptive, but it reflects poorly on News.com.au's editorial control that they claimed that a publicly available book was a leaked government document. Hemiauchenia (talk) 22:11, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Well it doesnt reflect poorly. Because that would imply they have a reputation other than as lying gutter-trash to start with. It reflects their methodology. Of course that's not really of interest to anyone who buys into their methodology. Only in death does duty end (talk) 22:15, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yes, the above rebuttal is from YouTube, but the story pushed by The Australian genuinely is complete nonsense. It's been debunked by the SCMP and the Guardian. Interestingly, while looking to see what other media outlets had repeated the story from The Australian, I accidentally came across this article published by the Jamestown Foundation in 2003, which pushes the conspiracy theory that SARS (the original one, not SARS-CoV-2) comes from a Chinese bioweapons lab. Just for context, this is the very same Jamestown Foundation that more recently has been making claims that China is carrying out a genocide in Xinjiang. A report published by the Jamestown Foundation, written by Adrian Zenz, made a big splash in the media last year, and underlies a lot of the reporting on Xinjiang. Make of this what you will. -Thucydides411 (talk) 22:19, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Thanks for the links, which makes clear that claim has received non-credulous coverage in reliable sources. As for Xinjiang, there's no doubt that the Jamestown Foundation and Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation are dubious and are looking to use the Xinjiang allegations as a cudgel to attack China, and should not be cited directly. However, the claims of the abuse of Uyghurs in Xinjiang are taken much much more seriously by reliable sources such as The Guardian and BBC, which means that they can't just be dismissed as conspiracy theories, and should be treated appropriately. Hemiauchenia (talk) 22:41, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* The Xinjiang claims should be treated appropriately, but editors should be aware that some highly dubious sources serve as the basis of many of the more extreme claims about Xinjiang discussed of late in the Anglophone media. I've said before that I believe there are WP:SYSTEMICBIAS issues at play here. -Thucydides411 (talk) 23:07, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Can you give example of what you mean by "more extreme claims about Xinjiang"? Hemiauchenia (talk) 23:17, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* I would like to ask you not to wander too much off topic. We will discuss Xinjiang/Jamestown/Uyghurs/whatever when someone will ask us to do so. Really, there's no reason to start (n+1)st dispute from what starts like a benign topic if not specifically prompted by OP :). Szmenderowiecki (talk) 23:47, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* The claim that 80% of "net IUD placements" in China in recent years were made in Xinjiang, for example. The claim originates from the Jamestown Foundation report written by Zenz, and it has made its way into articles in more mainstream outlets. It falls into the category of: technically correct if you go to original report and read how Zenz is defining his terms, but highly misleading and not at all what it appears to mean at first glance - so much so that quoting the statistic without explaining the details could be considered dishonest. -Thucydides411 (talk) 23:52, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* SARS article from Jamestown is an article that is clearly outside their scope of expertise (that requires good geneticists to establish that, whom Jamestown does not have), and the fact The Australian cited the report (and Jamestown produced it) is only to their detriment (generally a lot of News Corp.'s outlets often haven't been in particularly good terms with the scientific consensus, though The Times (UK), as ProcrastinatingReader rightly notes, is a notable, and very good, exception). On the other hand, other, political coverage and analysis is their area of expertise. Sure, you may believe something is of dubious quality, but that should not be done based on coverage of something in which they do not specialise. If anything, what it only shows is that they are shit outside their area of expertise, which is not news for most of such outlets. But that's really OT, and we shouldn't be going too far into it. We may discuss it later, when the appropriate topic comes again, as it inevitably will. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 23:43, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* , you missed the point. An experienced journalist tracked a single striking (and, right now, relevant-for-Wikipedia) claim back to its origin, and found three steps that transformed an old book about foreign actors using SARS as a bioweapon against China, to a "leaked report" purportedly obtained by the US State Department vis Secret Squirrel, revealing a years-old plot by China to create a bioweapon based on SARS.
* And each of the significant steps along the way happens in a News Corp property which has free access to the original source, who is a News Corp employee, so could easily validate that the claim they are making is bogus.
* That is worth knowing, IMO. Guy (help! - typo?) 09:13, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Are you talking about News Corp or a specific holding of theirs? Because News Corp also owns The Times & The Sunday Times, arguably one of the best UK news publications. ProcrastinatingReader (talk) 22:30, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* The Times & Sunday Times are both above our RS bar, but you have to go back a long way to find a time when the Sunday Times had a truly high reputation, and the years since the News Corp acquisition have not been kind on the once-stellar reputation of The Times. But, yes, like the WSJ, these papers have meaningful editorial controls and aren't like most News Corp papers. — Charles Stewart (talk) 07:36, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* , well done, that was the right question :-)
* The snswer is that it's washed through different News Corp properties with differing levels of credibility, sometimes using the higher-tier source as a halo to confer an illusion of credibility.
* Chinese Book --> book by News Corp journo --> same News Corp journo pimps the theory on Sky News --> misrepresented in The Australian --> further misrepresented in news.com.au --> Tucker Carlson (via Steve Bannon, because of course).
* The Grauniad ties it all together pretty well: . Guy (help! - typo?) 09:19, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* That article doesn't make either News Corp or The Australian look good, but what it says is far worse for Sharri Markson, The Australian's media editor (!), as well as a columnist for the UK Telegraph . We should have something about her Bannon connection and we should look for further RSes backing the claims in the Guardian article. — Charles Stewart (talk) 13:00, 16 May 2021 (UTC) (Correction: she writes for dailytelegraph.com.au, not the UK daily — Charles Stewart (talk) 13:07, 16 May 2021 (UTC))
* And what are you proposing being done here? I mean, News Corp also owns publisher HarperCollins which publishes some great stuff. We can't really mark News Corp and all its properties as GUR. Although, indeed like other properties in Murdoch's empire, I agree that a lot of its holdings are crap. Sky News I think is generally reliable, although there are often better sources, but they often publish things other sources don't. I am not familiar with Australian sources. As for sources spreading conspiracy theories on Wuhan, I think a lot of our RS' also behaved irresponsibly at some point in the pandemic on that front (and others). ProcrastinatingReader (talk) 13:19, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
Memorable Manitobans
Is Memorable Manitobans, a site maintained by the Manitoba Historical Society, a reliable source for biographical data? My inclination is to say yes, because it's published by a recognized institution and cites its sources. But it looks a little self-published-y, so I wasn't completely sure. (For background: I was updating Hugh Robson (politician) and wondered if was usable as a source). AleatoryPonderings (???) (!!!) 15:23, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Basically if you say it's published by a recognised institution (and not by authors themselves), it's not self-published. Also, in case you were wondering, at the bottom of the article, you have a detailed description on that person's credentials, articles in the Manitoba Historical Society etc. Definitely a good source. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 16:14, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
daily-beat.com
Is https://daily-beat.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Site contains no "about us" page, no information about editorial control or fact checking, AFAICT all by-lines indicate articles are written by about 3 people, all of whom use pseudonyms. Probably not. -- Jayron 32 11:45, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
daily.bandcamp.com
Is https://daily.bandcamp.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada
* Probably reliable enough. The article on Bandcamp indicates that the site has a well-regarded editor, and has articles from well-regarded music journalists. -- Jayron 32 11:47, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* I'd be careful with this one. It's true that everyone involved has a strong background in music journalism, but they're still a music screaming service and, as far as I can tell, they exclusively cover artists on their site. I'd trust them for basic music history, elements of genres, things like that. But I wouldn't use them for, say, examples of bands within a genre because they'll all be bands on Bandcamp and that's inherently self-serving. I also wouldn't use them to establish notability. Woodroar (talk) 15:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yeah, I'd also say it depends on what content is used. Many articles already refer to Bandcamp-Daily when it comes to cultural background description or historical overview of the genre (like Vaporwave). Solidest (talk) 13:45, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
* Going with no. WP:UGC, WP:PRIMARY, WP:SPS. Guy (help! - typo?) 21:25, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's not UGC, but it is promotional content, so primary or SPS - David Gerard (talk) 17:23, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
beatportal.com
Is https://beatportal.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada
* Probably not. I can find no information on the editors of the site, or on the authors of articles on it. Looks like a well-designed personal website, but I can't even figure out who runs it. -- Jayron 32 11:50, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* It is run by Beatport. I had referenced on Wave music which was written by Jordan Mafi, a curation manager at Beatport and a freelance writer. In Talk:Wave music there was a discussion about the independence and thus the reliableness of beatportal.com for using it in that article.
* talk @TRANSviada 20:40, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* I'm seeing a discussion where another editor provided multiple policy-based reasons why Beatportal isn't a reliable source and you ignored all of them. Beatport and Beatportal have an inherent conflict of interest in this area, much like Bandcamp Daily. Woodroar (talk) 02:46, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* nah I didn't ignore them; I actually thanked the user for detailing all that. I just want multiple opinions on this and that user wrote "take it to the boards" in an edit. Simple as that. Wikipedia is a community and it's based on consensus. About Bandcamp Daily, it is used in good and featured articles such as Vaporwave and Heavy metal music.
* talk @TRANSviada 10:40, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
datatransmission.co
Is https://datatransmission.co a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Borderline. Could go either way. Site has a small staff, but they are named and a google search for the EIC Grahame Farmer shows just enough presence in reliable sources that other reliable sources consider him to be a reliable music journalist in dance and electronic music; website appears to have the advantage of age. -- Jayron 32 11:57, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
electronicbeats.net
Is https://electronicbeats.net a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Not really a journalism site. It appears to be an entertainment wing of Deutsche Telekom, aka T-Mobile, and the website seems to mostly be about promoting music festivals and other events that they sponsor, as well as for artists that might appear at those events. Perhaps marginally useful as a primary source for simple statements of who performed where at what music festivals, but I wouldn't use them for anything else. -- Jayron 32 12:02, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
futuremagmusic.org
Is https://futuremagmusic.org a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* About us page says they are an "Artist Services agency", and not independent journalists. Red flag. Probably more explicitly promotional than I would be comfortable with. Not an independent source; possibly useful as a primary source for uncontroversial statements about artists they promote such as release dates and tour dates, but they can't be used to establish notability and have limited use otherwise. -- Jayron 32 12:05, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
hypebeast.com
Is https://hypebeast.com reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Possibly reliablish. Gets some citations in other sources; founder and EIC Kevin Ma shows some recognition as well. Several of the authors of articles show that they are well-respected journalists, i.e. a former editor at Complex: . -- Jayron 32 12:12, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Reliable: per Jayron32. versacespace leave a message! 12:20, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Reliable for fashion, pop-culture, and contemporary music related topics. Dr. Swag Lord (talk) 19:31, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Reliable. I think source is reliable for music-related topics. TheAmazingPeanuts (talk) 19:49, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* Not sure - focus looks promotional rather than even a specialist NEWSORG, About page is all about advertising and reach and not editorial, couldn't find where the editorial staff were listed. Unclear how this isn't functionally a promotional site - David Gerard (talk) 17:23, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
insightmusic.co.uk
Is https://insightmusic.co.uk a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's a promotion/management company. Not journalist. Not reliable except as a primary source for banal information about artists they may promote. Cannot be used to establish notability or relevance. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:14, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
ninetofiverecords.com
Is https://ninetofiverecords.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Appears to be a promotion & management company. Not journalism. Possibly useful for basic information about artists they promote, but not to be used for anything establishing notability or relevance. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:16, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
plasticmag.co.uk
Is https://plasticmag.co.uk a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Lots of red flags for this one. Nearly everything seems to have the same byline, Rob Pringle. Appears to be a one-man show. Can't find any information about him otherwise. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:18, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
secretshoresmusic.com
Is Is https://secretshoresmusic.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Every byline of every article seems to be "Secret Shores". Probably a one-person project. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:21, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
thedelimagazine.com
Is http://thedelimagazine.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Marginal. It's been around a while, and has a Wikipedia article, The Deli, but nothing about this screams "reliable source". Website is amateurish (which does not mean unreliable, but is not a good look). Shows some citations from other sources, so they're at least a known quantity. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:24, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
theelectrichawk.com
Is https://theelectrichawk.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's a record label, not journalism. Possible primary source for basic information about artists they promote (release dates, basic bios, etc.) but cannot be used to establish notability or relevance. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:25, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
theplayground.co.uk
Is https://theplayground.co.uk a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Promotion and management agency, possibly could be used for basic, uncontroversial information but not for establishing notability and relevance. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:27, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
vinylised.com
Is https://vinylised.com a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's a crowdfunding site; basically kickstarter for garage bands. No. Not a reliable source. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:27, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
youth-time.eu
Is https://youth-time.eu a reliable or unreliable source for music articles like Wave music? talk @ TRANSviada 03:15, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Seems like a legitimate independent journalism site. It's not The Times or anything like that, but seems to have an independent editorial staff and things like that, gets some recognition from other sources. Not the best stuff out there, but not horrible. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 12:30, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* Looks promotional, not a NEWSORG even on a specialist level - David Gerard (talk) 17:23, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
Origins of SARS-CoV-2
Please help to reconcile the contradictory claims documented at Fringe theories/Noticeboard. --Guy Macon (talk) 13:18, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* , I propose that anyone who responds "lab", "Wuhan" or "China virus" is banned immediately. Guy (help! - typo?) 22:27, 12 May 2021 (UTC)
* The lab theory has come up again on alternative media. As long as the media refers to it as a "debunked conspiracy theory," then that's how we should report it. It's not our role as Wikipedia editors to question reliable sources although of course we are free to do so elsewhere. I would favor a ban for editors who ignore policy and guidelines in editing. TFD (talk) 04:04, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* , to be fair, in the medical topic area on WP, we don't care what the "media refers to it as". We care what WP:MEDRS say. They don't go quite that far, but it's still considered a non-mainstream view - barely below WP:FRINGE. We've been dealing with this disruption for months - which results because we can't watch every single article that this POV can be pushed on. If people want to help us, and have a good understanding of MEDRS, it'd be appreciated. -bɜ:ʳkənhɪmez (User/say hi!) 04:29, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* "alternative media" is a really nice way of saying "bullshit pseudo-science pushers". YODADICAE👽 05:03, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* I wouldn't appeal to MEDRS which may or may not apply here. MEDRS was implemented because readers might use Wikipedia articles for medical advice. Where the virus originated is not a matter of medical advice. Readers are not going to change their approach to COVID precautions, immunization or treatment based on whether the first virus came from a lab or an animal. Using scientific papers itself creates MEDRS problems because they may not keep up with an ongoing story and may have incomplete information about the alternative theory. After all, if a theory is not credible, don't expect scientists to spend a lot of time debunking it.
* The section Herman Cain has no MEDRS sources. After discussing his experience with cancer, it says he attended a rally during a pandemic without wearing a mask, tested positive for COVID and died from the disease. We didn't wait for a peer reviewed article about his illness or the pandemic to appear in a journal before mentioning this. And I accept that the degree of certainty in these sources is not as high, but it is as high as what we expect for BLPs. You might think that using news sources would allow conspiracism to creep in. But reliability and weight if used correctly would prevent that.
* TFD (talk) 13:58, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
No. Thank goodness the crowd suggesting a ban (for wrongthink) for anyone who mentions the lab-leak or calls it anything other than a "debunked conspiracy theory" doesn't include any current admins. The Washington Post says here that "The theory, which was once highly speculative and which was downplayed by top medical experts such as Fauci, is suddenly being treated more seriously, though there is no conclusive evidence either way.". There certainly are some conspiracy theories which are about a lab leak, but that doesn't mean that all theories about a lab leak are conspiracy theories. That is logic 101. User:力 (power~enwiki, π, ν ) 04:33, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* That particular Washington Post article cites a Washington Post editoral. The papers editoral board has long been a promoter of "lab leak" investigations, including citing the "DRASTIC" twitter lab leak conspiracy theorists, so I wouldn't give it that much weight, given that none of the Washington Post editoral board are scientific experts. It also contradicts what is written in this nytimes article from March. Hemiauchenia (talk) 04:59, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* , well, this is Wikipedia. There are two perspectives on the "lab leak": science and the nutjobosphere.
* Science says that an accidental leak from a lab cannot be definitively ruled out. That's science-speak for "yeah, it probably wasn't that, but we should probably check, just to be sure, because there might be a lesson for other labs handling biohazards"
* The nutjobosphere says that because a few scientists agree with the last part of the above, thus it was obviously a Chiese bioweapon, just look at all these scientists agreeing.
* Wikipedians have a good deal of experience in separating the two.
* Oh, and for additional shits and giggles? See this piece on how News Corp properties morphed an officially-published Chinese book expressing concern at Taiwan or the US using SARS as a bioweapon against China, into a secret leaked report obtained by the State Department showing that the Chinese planned for over five years to use SARS as a bioweapon against others. Which is why we don't take the "lab leak likely" bullshit as a good-faith contributiojn to understanding the reality of the pandemic-which-is-only-a-deadly-pandemic-when-it's-convenient-to-attack-China. Guy (help! - typo?) 09:28, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Just a note there are a lot more perspectives than that... There are at least three different bioweapons conspiracy theories, at least four legitimate lab leak perspectives, and at least one lab leak conspiracy theory that does not involve a bioweapon. If there were just two perspectives we wouldn’t be having a tough time with this. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 14:41, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* , oh I'm aware, I was just addressing the specifics of this issue and this publisher. Guy (help! - typo?) 17:35, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
Blerf.org
Hello, I want to know if blerf.org can be regarded as a reliable source or not. Thank you. The Sokks💕 (talk) 17:45, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
Is VIAF a primary or self-published source?
I've used Virtual International Authority File for the year of birth on BLPs and want to make sure it's OK to use, for example the year of birth for Ayşe Gül Altınay. I don't really see how it can be considered a primary source, since they get the year of birth from participating institutions, who in turn must get it from some other source, but I just wanted to check. For notable academics, it can be difficult or impossible to find a year of birth outside of similar authority files and bibliographical info (Library of Congress often has the year of birth as well, including for Altınay). (t · c) buidhe 17:47, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* I wouldn't say primary or self-published, but I'm not sure if it's reliable. I've seen Library of Congress authorities that cite Wikipedia, Wikidata, or Ancestry.com. (Could dig up some examples if needed.) To the extent that VIAF scrapes the underlying data (and I assume it does) it would be only as reliable as the authorities it scrapes. I don't know what, say, BNF's or ISNI's editorial standards are, but if they're as (non-)existent as LoC's, I'd think twice about those as well. AleatoryPonderings (???) (!!!) 19:09, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Its neither. However like most other authority control identifiers its not a reliable source. Unless you can actually see where the information came from. And if you can see that, cite that instead. Only in death does duty end (talk) 19:55, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* OK, I will not use this source in future. (t · c) buidhe 02:48, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
Self published books and racial bias
Are books such as this one from CreateSpace and martial arts movies such as Kung Fu Panda reliable sources for Chinese martial arts? It has been suggested that it is racist to say no. More viewpoints would be very welcome at Talk:Chinese_martial_arts. - MrOllie (talk) 17:17, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Kung Fu Panda is a cartoon, it is not a realistic portrayal of anything.Slatersteven (talk) 17:27, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Well, that's not what the person who wrote that said. Whether or not their criticism is true or not, they didn't say that you were racist for not citing Kung Fu Panda. There's a lot of rhetoric, intentional misrepresentation, veiled personal attacks, and all together unhelpful commentary to go around on all sides there. If you want a sober discussion of the source material, then you should avoid such mischaracterizations of the comments made by other people. You may very well be correct that the source material is not appropriate to use, however, if you misrepresent the arguments of others, you are going to have a hard time getting people to reach the correct conclusions about those sources. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 17:34, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* , the edit summary literally said "It appears that the person who repeatedly deletes this section has a (racist?) bias against Chinese Culture, and is bent on eliminating valid presentation of its traditional attributes on Wikipedia."
* The edit summary it replied to said "continued reliance on unreliable sources. Self published books and martial arts movies are not acceptable sources."
* In short, MrOllie removed the material for the stated reason that the sources were no good, then the IP claimed that MrOllie was biased against Chinese MAs, and suggested that racism would explain that.
* I don't think it is unfair for MrOllie to have said what he did, here. I've also looked over the discussion at talk, and MrOllie seems to have maintained good composure there, as well. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 17:41, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* The OP should definitely not have called MrOllie racist. That was uncalled for. However, he called Mr. Ollie racist for the removal of text, not because Mr. Ollie refused to specifically accept Kung Fu Panda as a source (which, it wasn't being used as such). As I said, Mr. Ollie is likely 100% correct, but by mischaracterizing other people and the reasons for their actions, they will end up (unfortunately) losing the argument, and that would be a real shame, because then Wikipedia doesn't get better when it should. That is why behavioral policies exist and why we should adhere to them, because when people who are correct in their editing misbehave, it ruins their opportunity to make Wikipedia better. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 18:32, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* I think if you also read the 3 other times racism was brought up on the talk page, then my characterization will make more sense to you. - MrOllie (talk) 18:43, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
Lets not discuss user conduct here, please?Slatersteven (talk) 17:46, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* To address the original question, I would refer the reader to the words of the hon. Mr. Bender. A self-published book by a chiropractor, and a children's animated movie, are not appropriate sources. Obviously. Guy (help! - typo?) 18:01, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* The user did not try to use a cartoon as a source. The cartoon was part of a list of cultural depictions of martial arts. Had the person in question actually done what the OP said that they did, then that would be laughable. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 18:32, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* This will make a bit more sense if you look at the IP's latest talk page comment. Perhaps it is just the term 'reference' is causing a bit of a misunderstanding. Either way I don't think the IP is likely to listen to anything appearing above my signature at this point, so other people chiming in to clear up any misunderstandings will be welcome. - MrOllie (talk) 18:43, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* I am of the opinion that animated children's films should not be cited as examples of real-world phenomenon that do not relate to children's stories or animation, except for sections which are explicitly about the portrayal of the real-world phenomenon in fiction. There's no guarantee that the portrayal in the films is an accurate one. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 18:50, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
Hello everyone and thank you for sharing your viewpoints on the subject matter at hand. I am uncertain as to why people stuck to Kung Fu Panda as the prime example? The section included 12 feature films, and 2 television series, of which 3 are animated. The films and television series were not cited as references, but mentioned as cultural expressions of the subjects discussed in this section - that of discipleship. All other sources aside Kung Fu Panda were ignored in the ensuing discussion here, unfortunately, as were all of my other claims from the talk page. The references included 10 books and 6 articles, all written by experts, of which the minority were self-published. I once more challenge anyone here to refute the claim that any of these sources were not written and published by experts. As such, why are they not relevant, and why is it that people completely ignore them and then focus on "the silliness of Kung Fu Panda" due to the fact that it is a children's film, though it was not a referenced source but a cultural example?... I must ask whether anyone here has ever been a practitioner of traditional Chinese martial arts? Or is your knowledge of them limited to watching Kung Fu Panda? As was explained on the talk page, Discipleship is something as basic to these traditions as wheels to a car. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:22, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* I must ask whether anyone here has ever been a practitioner of traditional Chinese martial arts? I have. I studied Wing chun for two years, though my experience lies more with Japanese and modern MAs. I also heartily disagree with you, your sources, and your editing style.
* I urge you to stop arguing about this for a moment, take a read of WP:FIND, which outlines our guidelines for finding reliable sourcing, and use those guidelines to find sources to support the content.
* The content you were adding was problematic, but salvageable. However the sources and examples you chose are, frankly, laughable to any experienced Wikipedian.
* If it will help you to take a step back, I will look through some books I have on the subject when I get home and see what they have to say about discipleship, and try to sus out something that will cover the topic without causing problems like your edit.
* As a final note: Accusing others of racism is a quick way to get blocked per WP:CRYRACIST, so I would advise you to stop that immediately and entirely. ᛗᛁᛟᛚᚾᛁᚱPants Tell me all about it. 19:34, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yes, I have. This is irrelevant to the way Wikipedia works. Guy (help! - typo?) 23:12, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* This sounds more like a potential WP:No original research issue than a RS issue. Who says these films and movies are cultural examples of “discipleship”. If it is an expert, we should attribute the opinion to that expert. Blueboar (talk) 23:50, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Focusing on the main issue, Blueboar is 100% correct. The passage is a combination of a novel synthesis of disparate ideas, created by the writer, a few unreliable sources, and original research. If the article is to contain the information that has been removed, it needs to be cited to an actual reliable source that makes the same basic points. -- Jayron <b style="color:#090">32</b> 14:42, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
Salomon Morel
I have been locked out of editing for Salomon Morel, who was a Jewish man whose family was murdered in the Holocaust. The information on his wikipedia page is provided by Polish nationalists, and one of the sources cited is the many citations in that article is from the "Institute of National Remembrance", which is an anti-Semitic organization known to spread anti-Jewish lies and propaganda since inception.
* Unreliable', I agree with User:Genealogykid82. The Institute of National Remembrance employs facist historians who claim that the Nazi salute was a Roman practice and that its use today is acceptable . Nazi salute and Roman salute describe this as fake. No positive reputation to speak of, it is a dodgy source.VikingDrummer (talk) 01:29, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* We’ve discussed this before but the Institute of National Remembrance has become sketchy AF (like the Nazi kind of sketchy), I would avoid them like the plague. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 16:19, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* I agree with Horse Eye's Back comments, use of the Institute of National Remembrance is a No Nazis situation. Poor record and reputation, to be avoided.Nyx86 (talk) 16:23, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
change.org ?
I don't know how the blacklist works exactly, but I wanted to add the change.org link as a primary source to support the secondary source on Railway Hotel, Edgware which I was updating, but it wouldn't let me. Are you really not allowed to use change.org for primary citing? Govvy (talk) 08:49, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* Unreliable and undue in almost all circumstances. This would fall under user generated contents much like Vimeo, blogspot, and YouTube. A rare exception would be when it is covered in a reliable media source and it is discussed in the news article and you use it as a supplemental source, but you can not make inference or make your own analysis from what is said in it per our policy against original research. Graywalls (talk) 09:03, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* I only really wanted to use it as a supplement source to support Which I had added in as inline. Govvy (talk) 09:10, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
* Unreliable, anyone can post a petition on change.org, no? Some dude posting on the internet is not reliable.VikingDrummer (talk) 01:34, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Erm, you clearly have no idea what I am talking about, obviously, no one understands how to use a primary source with a secondary source. That's the floor here. Govvy (talk) 10:32, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Change.org is sufficient to verify that such a petition exists, however it cannot be used to support anything to do with the likelihood of success - because anybody can start a change.org petition about (almost) anything. As there is no requirement for the person or organisation being petitioned to even acknowledge the existence of the petition, I would be extremely surprised if a petition that had no coverage in secondary sources merited any mention in an article (per WP:DUE). If you have a secondary source that mentions the petition then you don't need to use the primary source to verify its existence. Thryduulf (talk) 14:10, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
So, secondary sources supporting primary sources and vice-vesa, change.org can be used as a primary source however, but you say sparingly. So why blacklist a whole website on an unreliable technicality. That really stops it's use, you can't even link to the primary source. Feels somewhat at odds to me. Govvy (talk) 21:23, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* Unreliable. It's basically a self-published source as anyone can start a petition about anything, more or less. I wouldn't even consider it a good source for verifying the petition exists; to give a reducto ad absurdum example : "In 2016, a petition was filed to legally change Donald Trump's name to Donald Stupid". Where a change.org petition has become worthy of note, other sources have reported it. <b style="color:#7F007F">Ritchie333</b> <sup style="color:#7F007F">(talk) <sup style="color:#7F007F">(cont) 14:19, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* For the simple fact of verifying the petition's existence it's as good a source as any other. Considerations about whether we should or should not mention the petition's existence are a matter of WP:N and WP:DUE not reliability. Thryduulf (talk) 16:33, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* I agree with everything you say here, and it's one of my biggest bugbear about people calling a source "unreliable" when they mean "unsuitable" (admittedly I've just done it here too) ... nevertheless I still would not consider change.org to be an appropriate enough source to justify writing about it in an article. <b style="color:#7F007F">Ritchie333</b> <sup style="color:#7F007F">(talk) <sup style="color:#7F007F">(cont) 16:27, 13 May 2021 (UTC)
* We don't cite petitions as evidence of their own existence, for obvious reasons. We also don't link to open petitions, for equally obvious reasons. If the petition is significant we can cite reliable third party source coverage of it, if you're looking to support a fact within the text of the petition then it's WP:UGC. Guy (help! - typo?) 17:58, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* It's not a technicality, change.org is literally user generated content. Anyone can set one up, about anything. But this doesn't give it any more notability, reliability etc about the topic it is discussing any more than a reddit forum does. Koncorde (talk) 21:30, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* I can see how this would be a problem if it were unblacklisted - especially in the COVID-19 topic area and political areas. The use cases for legitimate citations or links to change.org are so few and far between, and the potential disruption by allowing any editor to add links, favor blacklisting. If I'm not mistaken, a legitimate use case can be whitelisted following some process, especially if requested by an established user with good reasoning. Yes, it's an onerous process, but it's necessary because the amount of work that would be needed to prevent bad links if not blacklisted is thousands of times more than the amount of work for each one good link to get whitelisted. My 2c. -bɜ:ʳkənhɪmez (User/say hi!) 21:34, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
* As others pointed out, Change.org is user-generated content and, as such, it is not considered a reliable source. MarioGom (talk) 23:03, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
Criterion Channel
Would film descriptions on The Criterion Collection be considered reliable for plot summary details? Specifically, this description of The Hot Rock (film) uses the term "Afghanistan banana stand" as opposed to "afghanistan bananastan" apparently heard in this clip. I hear "afghanistan banana stand" but appreciate this is a subtle difference hence the need for RS—blindlynx (talk) 17:51, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* WP:COMMONSENSE is above policy. "Afghanistan bananastan" (a play on banana republic) makes common sense while "Afghanistan banana stand" is nonsense. -- Green C 18:27, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* The original book uses "banana stand" as well so common sense would be it's the same in the moive no?—blindlynx (talk) 18:53, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* Sheesh a mess.. ok so the book says "banana stand" and the movie sounds like "bananastan" or "banana stand" and there are secondary sources that could provide for both also. For Wikipedia purposes, I would state "banana stand" with a Note some sources report it as "bananastan" but the original book is "banana stand". A version of the movie script online says "banana stand" if you consider it reliable. -- Green C 20:32, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* No kidding, i have half a mind to just leave it out entierly. But thanks!—blindlynx (talk) 20:44, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yes! We Have No Bananas -- Green C 01:28, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
Reliability of Somoy News
There's a cable television channel in Bangladesh named Somoy TV. They have their news websites in two languages, En and Bn. I've noticed two of these websites being used as a source in numerous articles. I do understand the basics of Bn language, and I found some pretty laughable and poorly fact-checked news on their websites. Also, some of their articles are pure asinine and undisclosed promotion/advert, let alone the click baits. I'm requesting other users to take a look at these two websites and come to a consensus about their reliability. --Tame (talk) 10:47, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* , it would be helpful if you could give examples. Tayi Arajakate Talk 10:53, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* , I could give you a list of thousands of such examples, that are biased, poorly fact-checked, thin content written by school students (as described in author box) with the minimum words, click bait titles and thumbnails, baseless information, poor & extremely ambiguous sourcing... the total infrastructure of this media is total asinine!
* Tho it would take some time for me to provide a comprehensive list. Here are some examples I could find from recent dates at this very moment (even if you have a minimum sense of the Bn language or you could use G translate, you would find that these articles do not make sense and definitely are not worthy of being used as source in Wikipedia. I mean the titles are enough to give you an idea about the whole site.)
* 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
* -- Tame (talk) 11:15, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Not RS: The English version of the site, suspiciously, uses poor English, eg. "Anushka died for using foreign body during perverted sex: CID", "Death toll from spurious liquor consumption jumps to 14 in Bogura", "Decision to scrap FF gallantry awards of Zia, four others" (t · c) buidhe 19:06, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* @Tayi Arajakate, That's what I was talking about. Thanks, @Buidhe for pointing out. The whole media is cringe. You would find 'literally' thousands of such instances. Like if you check out the [2] that I previously provided, the title reads in English "Half discount if you take your girlfriend with you [sic] while having your wife." -- Tame (talk) 09:00, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
Wondering how I can use these PDFs in a published Google Drive folder
So I know about WP:PUBLISHED and how editors need to use sources that are directly available to the public. But I would like to use PDFs without linking to a Google Drive folder that can be taken down at any time. I'm specifically talking about these for the article I've started here. The page that points to this link is here. How can I do this properly? Do I upload them to Commons or something? Buffaboy talk 05:03, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Consider the copyright issue, as it seems the book was written after 1948: odds are it's still copyrighted in the US and Europe (normally 70 years after death of the author). Generally though, no problem if you have the right to post it on Wikimedia Commons. PS. I wonder why you ask the question here - there's a Village Pump at the Wikimedia Commons if you want to ask questions related to uploading files to the project. This is not the venue :). Szmenderowiecki (talk) 05:41, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yes I was lost on where to go, but I think I'll approach them as well and see if they have any ideas as well. Thanks for the info. Buffaboy talk 07:07, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
* 1) In this era of Photoshop, we don't consider clipping files and scans like this to be reliable sources. 2) These appear to be scans of some mimeoed self-published history compilation. Again, not a RS: WP:SPS. 3) These may be copyright violations as well. -- Orange Mike | Talk 13:44, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* Actually, these are likely not to be copyright violations -- according to Google Books, this history was published in 1948. Given that the West Side Rowing Club is in Buffalo, NY, this is likely originally pubilshed in the US. Checking the copyright registrations for 1948 and 1949, I don't find this book registered. Under US copyright law at the time, if you published a book without registering the copyright, it went right in the public domain. (Even if they had registered copyright, they would've had to have renewed the copyright in 1976 for it to stay in effect.) --Nat Gertler (talk) 20:24, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
* West Side Oars appears to be unpublished archival material held by the Buffalo History Museum: . It's probably not suitable as a source, unfortunately, absent evidence that it's been vetted or used in other sources. To answer your original question, I believe copyright in unpublished material is life of the author plus 70 years, or 120 years from date of creation if the death date is unknown. Mackensen (talk) 11:31, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
Following up from the above, is Andy Hsiu a reliable source for languages?
User:Guy Macon and User:JzG have pointed out problems with Zenodo and its use, so I thought I'd take a look. Hsui is used as a source for a number of languages. He has a BA degree from UCal and states that
"My name is Andy Hsiu (Chinese name: 修至誠), a linguist and researcher from the US. I was born in California, USA to Taiwanese immigrant parents, and lived in California for most of my life. In 2013, I obtained my B.A. in Linguistics from the University of California, San Diego.
From 2012-2015, I traveled extensively around the world to collect data on various endangered languages of southern China and Southeast Asia. Inspired by Jerold Edmondson's audio recordings collected during his northern Vietnam expedition during the late 1990's, I decided to collect basic vocabulary word lists of various undocumented or under-documented language varieties. I have focused primarily on "divergent" languages (or "basal clades" using the terminology of biological taxonomy) that would provide us with important clues on how languages evolved and how the 5 language phyla of Southeast Asia had dispersed."
His publications are listed here. I don't see anything peer reviewed. Doug Weller talk 16:01, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* I am seeing zero evidence that anyone else considers him to be an expert in the field. According to, he does have a B.A. in Linguistics. He lists his publications here., and he got thanks for being a research assistant in this paper: -- but was that paper ever published in a peer-reviewed academic journal? --Guy Macon (talk) 16:48, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* In the absence of evidence of peered-reviewed publication, I'd say not. Guy (help! - typo?) 21:15, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* Google Scholar query negative for peer-reviewed publications; so far he participated in some scientific conferences on linguistics and distributed handouts, but it's odd that no peer-reviewed publications are available, and citation of his materials has been minimal or absent. On the other hand, it might also reflect the fact there is next to no linguistic paper that would accept a source on such a niche topic, so he's left to present his findings on conferences only (to which he is accepted). Too hard to say. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 21:39, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
WhatDoTheyKnow.com and freedom of information requests
An editor has recently added a large amount of information to the Gatwick Airport drone incident article, citing WhatDoTheyKnow, a website that publishes British responses to Freedom of information requests. Lots of the writing/presentation of the information here is dubious imo, but that aside, is this OK to use as a source? Popcornfud (talk) 17:17, 19 May 2021 (UTC)and I
* For easy reference, here's a diff covering the edits I think Popcornfud is referring to. Firefangledfeathers (talk) 17:34, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* I think a site like that might be okay for sourcing noncontroversial factual details, but it's not going to prove those details are noteworthy enough for inclusion in the article. It's basically original research. Not necessarily incorrect, but we should be reporting what reliable sources are saying, not doing our own research. —valereee (talk) 17:40, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* , the information is technically correct - the best kind of correct! - but as you say, without third party sources, it seems WP:UNDUE, especially given the number of third party sources that cover the subject matter. Guy (help! - typo?) 19:02, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* The FoI requests are reputably published in that I can be sure they are not altered, and the info presented there can be sourced for facts, as presented in point 3 of WP:PRIMARY, and they are properly attributed, which is good. For publishing answers to FoI requests, I'd trust WhatDoTheyKnow.
* The problem is not with reliability but with the fact the section added is too heavily reliant of FoI requests. I'd personally incorporate some of the information into the "Events" section (the timing of first and last sightings, their frequency and the fact DfT has no idea how the drone looks like), but instructions on how police were to treat media are not relevant here. EDIT: Fixed - most of the edits from the user either concerned insignificant information or were WP:OR of FoI requests or even tweets (!). The discussion seems to be largely moot, as there was only one salvageable reference to an FoI request; other info was largely covered in the Events section (see diff) Szmenderowiecki (talk) 18:03, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* As others have said, the problem with WDTK isn't the reliability, it's the due weight of the information. FOIA requests themselves (regardless of name around the world) are generally not reliable for anything other than an attributed opinion to the organization/person filing the request. The response, assuming it's reputably published (i.e. can be virtually certain it wasn't altered/forged) is reliable for information that meets the requirements of primary sourcing to a government agency for factual information (or attributed opinion, when the released information is agency opinion/analysis) from the government in question. I agree with Szmenderowiecki that everything after the timeline appears undue. The timeline, as referenced, appears like it may be due weight to include (at least as a government-accepted timeline, and possibly as factual), and the fact the government admits to not having a description of the drone in question is likely due, but needs phrased more NPOV. The material regarding airport capabilities, and "should they have done more" is not due because at this point it's nothing more than "we don't know". The BBC reference is likely due weight as well, but does not support the cited material - other material may be included based on it that may be beneficial (specifically the specifics of geofencing and how it works) - but that's outside the scope of this noticeboard as the BBC is widely regarded as reliable and this is about the FOI requests/responses. -bɜ:ʳkənhɪmez (User/say hi!) 19:39, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* Thanks all - I agree with the assessment of the WP:UNDUE situation etc, but wanted to make sure the FOI thing was legit first at all before I set about tackling it. I see another editor has already sorted it out on the page. Thanks again. Popcornfud (talk) 20:20, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
* It’s effectively a WP:PRIMARY source so all those limitations should apply. Technically they republish primary sources, released under the FOIA. They are reliable in the sense that they have a respected reputation and don’t just make up entries. For example: If a request is made to the Home Office for example and a response is received, it can be trusted that the response came from the Home Office. As for using that response, it should be treat as a primary source, because that’s what it is (‘internal’ documents/data from the Home Office). ProcSock (talk) 00:26, 20 May 2021 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Transcription factor PREP1 induces EMT and metastasis by controlling the TGF-β-SMAD3 pathway in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma
Maurizio Risolino, Nadia Mandia, Francescopaolo Iavarone, Leila Dardaei, Elena Longobardi, Serena Fernandez, Francesco Talotta, Fabrizio Bianchi, Federica Pisati, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Patrick N. Harter, Michel Mittelbronn, Dorothea Schulte, Mariarosaria Incoronato, Pier Paolo Di Fiore, Francesco Blasi, Pasquale Verde
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a ubiquitous homeoprotein involved in early development, genomic stability, insulin sensitivity, and hematopoiesis. Previously we have shown that Prep1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that inhibits neoplastic transformation by competing with myeloid ecotropic integration site 1 for binding to the common heterodimeric partner Pbx1. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is controlled by complex networks of proinvasive transcription factors responsive to paracrine factors such as TGF-β. Here we show that, in addition to inhibiting primary tumor growth, PREP1 is a novel EMT inducer and prometastatic transcription factor. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, PREP1 overexpression is sufficient to trigger EMT, whereas PREP1 down-regulation inhibits the induction of EMT in response to TGF-β. PREP1 modulates the cellular sensitivity to TGF-β by inducing the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear translocation through mechanisms dependent, at least in part, on PREP1-mediated transactivation of a regulatory element in the SMAD3 first intron. Along with the stabilization and accumulation of PBX1, PREP1 induces the expression of multiple activator protein 1 components including the proinvasive Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) oncoprotein. Both FRA-1 and PBX1 are required for the mesenchymal changes triggered by PREP1 in lung tumor cells. Finally, we show that the PREP1-induced mesenchymal transformation correlates with significantly increased lung colonization by cells overexpressing PREP1. Accordingly, we have detected PREP1 accumulation in a large number of human brain metastases of various solid tumors, including NSCLC. These findings point to a novel role of the PREP1 homeoprotein in the control of the TGF-β pathway, EMT, and metastasis in NSCLC.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)E3775-E3784
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume111
Issue number36
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2014
Keywords
• PTGFβ
• TALE proteins
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• General
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Transcription factor PREP1 induces EMT and metastasis by controlling the TGF-β-SMAD3 pathway in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Timeout error when trying to connect to my EC2 Instance
0 votes
I cannot SSH into my instance - Operation timed out. The permissions are all okay. Can someone help me as what could be the probable reason?
Mar 27, 2019 in AWS by Ravi
619 views
1 answer to this question.
0 votes
The best way to solve the error would be as to build everything from begining so that everything works fine. Building everything back I had to make sure to create EVERYTHING. This included:
• Create VPC
• CIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
• Create Internet Gateway
• Attach Internet Gateway to VPC
• Create Routing Table
• Add Route to Routing Table
• Destination: 0.0.0.0/0
• Target: <Internet Gateway from earlier>
• Create Subnet
• CIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
• Routing Table: <Routing Table from earlier
You can follow the blog on Amazon VPC Tutorial to understand how you can build everything from scratch and properly.
https://www.edureka.co/blog/amazon-vpc-tutorial/
Hope it helps.
answered Mar 27, 2019 by Priyaj
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Strength Training During Pregnancy
Pregnancy is no reason to stop training - quite the opposite. Moderate strength training while pregnant keeps you fit and mobile and helps prevent back pain and developing diabetes during pregnancy.
Strength training during pregnancy keeps you mobile and gives you enough strength for two.
Pregnancy causes major changes in your posture. This is because your weight increases and centre of gravity moves forward. The instinctive response is to arch your back, which creates extra work for skeletal muscles and often causes tension and back pain that radiates into the legs.
Pregnancy also causes hormonal changes. The levels of relaxin and oestrogen increase, which relaxes connective tissue, tendons and ligaments. This in turn increases the load on the joints, particularly the hips, knees and ankles. In addition, the entire pelvic ring stretches in preparation for childbirth.
Fit and free of pain
Studies have shown that moderate strength training at low to medium intensity and adapted to the course of the pregnancy is a safe and effective way to remain fit and free from pain. For example, training on the Lumbar Extension machine increases the strength of the back extensor muscles, which provides highly effective protection against lumbar tension and pain. Training the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles on the C3 reduces the strain on the spine as a whole. This exercise is also beneficial in that it provides a pleasant stretch of the spine.
Mobile and independent
Training also has other benefits; strong muscles increase the stability of joints, e.g. training the small and middle gluteal muscles on the A3 increases the stability of the pelvic ring. At the same time, regular training increases the strength and resilience of ligaments and tendons that have become lax as a result of hormonal releases during pregnancy.
It's also important to train the legs while pregnant. As your weight increases, you need more energy to sit down, stand up, walk or climb stairs. In other words, you need enough strength for two. In order to stay mobile and agile, we highly recommend the B1 and B7 exercises.
Other good reasons why you should train
Strength training and regular exercise help prevent excessive weight gain, provided of course that you eat sensibly. This can mean a couple of kilograms less bodyweight to carry around.
In addition, the body mass index prior to the pregnancy is a prime factor in determining the risk of high blood pressure and diabetes during pregnancy. Both are much less common in women who did both endurance and strength training before their pregnancy than in women who only did endurance training or no exercise at all.
Last but not least, pregnancy and childbirth increase the load on the pelvic floor muscles. Intensive pelvic floor training on the A5 helps keep these muscles strong and elastic. It can prevent incontinence during and after pregnancy and improves the support available to your growing baby. In addition, well trained pelvic floor muscles relax more easily during the birth and so the birth itself is easier.
Providing your pregnancy is normal and without complications, training can continue up to the time of the birth. In the event of complications, the decision must rest with your obstetrician. In summary, it's important to maintain your fitness and physical independence during pregnancy. If you have any questions, feel free to ask your local Kieser physiotherapist or instructor for advise on safe and healthy training while pregnant.
Related Posts
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Five Questions About Strength.
Strength Training for Bone Health
Total Support
Fit To Drop After Standing All Day?
Why We Get Sore Muscles
New Training Standards
Strength Training for Strong Bones
Strength for Snow Sports
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Battle of Agua Prieta
The Battle of Agua Prieta could refer to:
* First Battle of Agua Prieta in April 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, or
* Second Battle of Agua Prieta on November 1 of 1915, during the Mexican Revolution.
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WIKI
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367. Valid Perfect Square
1. Question
Given a positive integer num, write a function which returns True if num is a perfect square else False.
Follow up: Do not use any built-in library function such as sqrt.
2. Examples
Example 1:
Input: num = 16
Output: true
Example 2:
Input: num = 14
Output: false
3. Constraints
• 1 <= num <= 2^31 - 1
4. References
来源：力扣（LeetCode） 链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-perfect-square 著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
5. Solutions
5.1. 使用工具类
class Solution {
public boolean isPerfectSquare(int num) {
int k = (int)Math.sqrt(num);
return k * k == num;
}
}
5.2. 二分查找
class Solution {
public boolean isPerfectSquare(int num) {
int left = 1;
int right = num;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = (left + right) / 2;
long res = (long) mid * mid;
if (res < num) {
left = mid + 1;
} else if (res > num) {
right = mid - 1;
} else {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
Copyright © rootwhois.cn 2021-2022 all right reserved，powered by GitbookFile Modify: 2023-03-05 10:55:51
results matching ""
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Talk:One year on: IFALPA's representative to ICAO, pilot and lawyer on ongoing prosecution of Garuda Indonesia Flight 200 pilot
OR notes
Interview was done by email via IFALPA media contact Gideon Ewers. He can be reached at gideonewers AT ifalpa DOT org for confirmation of this. Exact emails have not been copied here as they are easily fakable and of limited value, especialy considering that the questions were not even contained nor were the answers received within the emails themselves but sent as MS Word documents as attachments. I will forward them to fellow admins upon request if issues arrise. Blood Red Sandman (Talk) (Contribs) 18:48, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Skip to main content
Dryad logo
Insights into natal origins of migratory Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae): New evidence from stable isotope (δ2H) assignment analyses
Citation
Clem, Scott; Hobson, Keith; Harmon-Threatt, Alexandra (2022), Insights into natal origins of migratory Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae): New evidence from stable isotope (δ2H) assignment analyses, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnxq
Abstract
Hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are an important group of insects that provide a multitude of key ecosystem services including pollination and biological control, yet many of their major life history traits are not understood. Some Palearctic hover fly species are known to migrate in response to changing seasonal conditions, yet this behavior is almost entirely unrecognized in Nearctic species. At least one species, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann 1830), is partially migratory during autumn while Allograpta obliqua may be non-migratory, but it is unknown where these insects originate and how far they may travel. We examined natal origins of two Nearctic hover fly species, Allograpta obliqua and Eupeodes americanus, using stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of metabolically inactive tissues (wings and legs) to derive a hover fly δ2H isoscape. While Allograpta obliqua was mostly of local origin, several Eupeodes americanus were sourced from northern latitudes in the Midwestern United States and Canada, representing travel distances of up to 3,000 km likely using seasonally favorable air currents. This phenomenon is expected to have major ecological and economic ramifications, especially in the realm of plant pollination ecology and biological control.
Methods
Allograpta obliqua and Eupeodes americanus were hand-netted from fall-blooming goldenrod (Solidago sp.) and frost aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum) during September and October 2019 in North Alabama (Limestone County), USA, and areas of southern Alabama in November 2019. Specimens were also captured in Illinois and their offspring were used in a laboratory experiment to produce a δ2H water to hover fly calibration equation. δ2H isotopes in precipitation were obtained from the GNIP database (https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser) and processed using the IsoriX protocol (found here: https://bookdown.org/content/782/introduction.html). GNIP data were used to produce geostatistical models which were then used to build precipitation-weighted isoscapes. Isoscapes were then calibrated using the hover fly calibration experiment data and used to assign natal origins of specimens captured in Alabama.
Usage Notes
R Studio Version 4.1.1
'IsoriX' package, version 0.9.0
'dplyr' package, version 1.0.7
'ggplot2' package, version 3.3.5
'Cairo' package, 1.6-0
Microsoft Excel or other spreadsheet software
Funding
National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Award: 2019-67011-29
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MeadWestvaco's Earnings & Revs Lag Estimates - Analyst Blog
MeadWestvaco Corporation 's ( MWV ) third-quarter 2013 adjusted earnings from continuing operations increased 26% to 49 cents per share from 39 cents in the year-ago quarter. Despite sluggish consumer demand, growth across targeted packaging and specialty chemicals end markets, and increased land sales and savings in overhead costs led to the year-over-year rise. However, earnings fell short of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 52 cents.
Including the net effect of pension settlement charge of 2 cents, restructuring charge of 2 cents and discrete income tax items of 1 cent, earnings on a GAAP basis stood at 44 cents per share. Including restructuring charges of 1 cent per share, earnings in the year-ago quarter were at 38 cents, which reflected a 16% year-over-year increase.
Operational Updates
Total revenue edged up 3% year over year to $1.43 billion in the reported quarter, falling short of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.44 billion. Results were aided by solid revenue growth, volume gains in medical, fragrance and personal care pumps and dispensers, as well as in food and beverage packaging.
The Industrial segment benefited from higher pricing in Brazil, and the Specialty Chemicals business had strong volume growth in innovative products for global asphalt, adhesives and oilfield markets, as well as contribution from the recently acquired specialty chemicals business in Brazil.
Cost of sales increased 2% year over year to $1.11 billion in the third quarter. Gross profit improved 7% to $322 million with gross margin expanding 100 basis points to 22.5%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses in the reported quarter remained flat at $160 million compared with the year-ago quarter. Adjusted operating profit improved 16% year over year to $162 million. Consequently, operating margin expanded 130 basis points to 11.3%.
Segmental Performance
Food & Beverage : Revenues in the segment declined 1% year over year to $796 million. Increase in food and beverage markets was offset by weaker tobacco packaging sales.
Segment profit dipped 8% to $86 million in the reported quarter from $93 million in the year-ago quarter. Improved operating productivity and favorable foreign currency exchange were not substantial to offset wage and input cost inflation, and unfavorable product pricing and mix.
Home, Health & Beauty : Revenues in the segment slid 1% to $185 million from $187 million in the prior-year quarter. Gains in higher value beauty and skin care, fragrance and medical dispensing solutions were mitigated by declines in home and garden dispensing and beauty and personal care folding carton solutions.
Profit for the segment was $6 million in the reported quarter, a 50% drop from $12 million in the year-ago quarter. The decline was a result of wage and higher input costs as well as transformation costs due to the planned exits of the beauty and personal care folding carton businesses in Europe and Brazil. However, volume growth in higher value products and favorable foreign currency exchange somewhat compensated these negative effects.
Industrial : Net sales in the reported quarter went up 16% year over year to $132 million, driven by improved product pricing in Brazil along with contribution from the high-quality industrial packaging materials business in India, Ruby Macons.
Segment profit rose an impressive 129% to $16 million from $7 million in the prior-year quarter. Increased product pricing and lower expansion costs at the Brazilian operation were partially offset by higher planned maintenance costs, wage and input cost inflation, as well as unfavorable foreign currency exchange.
Specialty Chemical : The segment reported revenues of $260 million, up 2% from the year-ago quarter, driven by growth in targeted pine chemicals markets and contribution from the addition of the Brazilian pine chemicals business, Resitec.
The segment's profit increased 6% to $66 million from the year-ago quarter. Volume growth and contribution from the Resitec were partially offset by lower pricing in more standardized product lines, unfavorable foreign currency exchange and higher raw material costs.
Community Development and Land Management : Revenues in the segment increased 80% year over year to $63 million. Profit for the segment increased threefold to $33 million in the reported quarter from $11 million in the prior-year quarter.
Financial Position
As of Sep 30, 2013, cash and cash equivalents amounted to $462 million versus $663 million as of Dec 31, 2012. Long-term debt amounted to $2.03 billion as of Sep 30, 2013, compared with $2.1 billion as of Dec 31, 2012. Cash flow from operating activities was $148 million during the first nine months of 2013, an improvement from $117 million in the prior-year comparable period.
MeadWestvaco has embarked on an enterprise-wide overhead cost reduction plan, which is expected to lead to annual cost savings of around $75 million by the end of 2014. The company is refocusing and streamlining its operations, as well as consolidating general and administrative support across the organization. With savings of $28 million generated in the first nine-month period of 2013, MeadWestvaco expects its savings to exceed the high end of its range of $25 to $30 million by the end of 2013.
Sale Of U.S Forestlands
In a separate announcement, MeadWestvaco disclosed that it has entered into a definitive agreement with Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. ( PCL ) to sell its U.S. forestlands and certain related assets, comprising approximately 501,000 acres in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia. Plum Creek will also invest in a newly-formed partnership comprising MeadWestvaco's approximately 109,000 acres of diversified development lands in the Charleston, S.C., region.
The aggregate value of the transaction, including both parties' investments in the partnership, is $1.5 billion. Of the proceeds, MeadWestvaco plans to return approximately $665 million to its shareholders.
Upon closing of this transaction, MeadWestvaco will no longer own forestland assets in the United States, but own and manage approximately 135,000 acres of forestland in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The company plans to retain these forestlands to serve its recently expanded virgin kraftliner operation in Brazil.
Outlook
MeadWestvaco did not provide any specific guidance for the fourth quarter, but expects higher earnings compared with the year-ago quarter, driven by continued volume improvement across its targeted packaging and specialty chemicals markets, pricing improvement in industrial packaging solutions and productivity gains from increased operating leverage. Furthermore, the ramp up of the new paperboard machine in Brazil and savings from its overhead reduction initiative will also boost earnings.
However, MeadWestvaco added that challenging macroeconomic conditions, higher raw materials costs (particularly resin and fiber) and depreciation of Real against the U.S. Dollar will act as a deterrent.
Our View
MeadWestvaco will benefit from its new products, profitable growth strategies, expansion in Brazil, benefits from acquired businesses and sale of non performing businesses. However, the situation in Europe remains a headwind.
Richmond, Va-based MeadWestvaco is a global packaging company providing innovative solutions to the world's most admired brands in the healthcare, beauty and personal care, food, beverage, home and garden, tobacco, and agricultural industries. The company also produces specialty chemicals for the automotive, energy, and infrastructure industries.
MeadWestvaco currently retains a short-term Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).
Peer Performance
One of MeadWestvaco's peers Packaging Corporation of America ( PKG ) reported third quarter 2013 adjusted earnings of 91 cents per share, up 65% year over year and beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 2 cents.
Sonoco Products Co. ( SON ) reported adjusted earnings of 63 cents per share, managing to beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 61 cents and increasing 14% from 55 cents earned in the year-ago quarter.
MEADWESTVACO CP (MWV): Free Stock Analysis Report
PLUM CREEK TMBR (PCL): Free Stock Analysis Report
PACKAGING CORP (PKG): Free Stock Analysis Report
SONOCO PRODUCTS (SON): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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Author talk:John Thomas Bealby
=Sources=
* According to www.ancestry.co.uk John Thomas Bealby died in 1944 in British Columbia.
* According to www.ancestry.co.uk John Thomas Bealby died in 1944 in British Columbia.
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Think of templates as ‘clothes’ for your website. If you don’t like one set of clothes, just change to another one to give your website a completely different feel. And again, don’t rush into it. Choose different templates, browse them, see if they fit. The whole point of templates is choice, so dive in and find one that feels right for what you want to achieve.
As website builders become more sophisticated, they are also becoming more user-friendly. Often, one of the biggest fears a person has about investing in a website builder is not knowing how to create a website. Luckily, many of the top offerings in the category are simple to use. Some companies even offer included tutorials and step-by-step instructions to complete certain tasks.
Free domain registration is for qualified plans only, it is free for one year and renews at the regular rate at the end of your term. If you register a free domain through us and wish to cancel your account, there is a nonrefundable $15.00 domain fee if you would like to keep your domain. This not only covers our costs, but ensures that you won't lose your domain name. Regardless of the status of your hosting service, you'll be free to manage it, transfer it after any required lock periods, or simply point it elsewhere at your convenience. You retain ownership of your domain until the end of its registration period unless you elect to extend it.
WordPress is the website builder Digital Trends is based on, though we have our own set of professional programmers behind the scenes. The service can be found at wordpress.org and is arguably one of the most capable given its open-source nature (especially for blogs), which allows for an extensive amount of templates, themes, and plugins which can be downloaded for free or bought for a premium price.
Some people assume that creating a store online is well out of reach of web design amateurs. However, eCommerce website builders can make that process just as simple as a purely informational website. Often, the design concepts are similar, in regards to entering headings, text, and images. The only real difference is the ability to operate a shopping cart through the site, and website builders that cater to eCommerce businesses make that a breeze.
Weebly has been around for a while, and so it’s definitely one of the most popular website builders out there. There are no hidden costs involved in constructing a new website — and although premium and ecommerce versions do exist, a vast majority of small businesses are unlikely to need them. Weebly’s top feature is its intuitive, drag-and-drop interface that makes Web creation dead simple for even the most IT-challenged individuals.
The front end is what your visitors will see when they come to your website. Many of the tasks performed on the back-end will be visible on the front end, such as theme customizations, plugin functionality enhancements, and content publication. Actions can also be performed by you and your visitors directly from the front-end of the website, including commenting and social sharing.
Themes set the tone of your site. They can be a direct reflection of the owner: If you are a person of simple tastes you might choose a minimalist template, while larger personalities might prefer something with strong colors. You should always keep in mind, however, that a website should meet the level of professionalism of the content it hosts. You might want to think twice about using Comic Sans on a medical professional site, for example.
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.[1] The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating markup then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.
In all GoCentral Website Builder plans any data transmitted from your site will be encrypted using a SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate. Your SSL will establish an encrypted link between your web server and the browser of the person visiting your site. This means that all data will be kept private; which is important if you want visitors to your site to be safe. If you want to sell products or services in your store, you will want to have a SSL since it protects credit card and bank numbers from being intercepted by hackers.
Web designers use a variety of different tools depending on what part of the production process they are involved in. These tools are updated over time by newer standards and software but the principles behind them remain the same. Web designers use both vector and raster graphics editors to create web-formatted imagery or design prototypes. Technologies used to create websites include W3C standards like HTML and CSS, which can be hand-coded or generated by WYSIWYG editing software. Other tools web designers might use include mark up validators[7] and other testing tools for usability and accessibility to ensure their websites meet web accessibility guidelines.[8]
Weebly has been around for a while, and so it’s definitely one of the most popular website builders out there. There are no hidden costs involved in constructing a new website — and although premium and ecommerce versions do exist, a vast majority of small businesses are unlikely to need them. Weebly’s top feature is its intuitive, drag-and-drop interface that makes Web creation dead simple for even the most IT-challenged individuals.
The best way to begin your search is to sort the themes by category. If you are opening an eCommerce store (using Bigcommerce for example), there is no reason to browse through blog-optimized themes. Most online website creation services use categories like portfolios, online shops, and blogs to differentiate their templates. Some go even further by creating more specific categories like sites designed to showcase bakeries or sell sunglasses.
Hi Laura, If you are using Mailchimp (we use Aweber ourselves), you don't need the website builder to be integrated with Mailchimp at all,unless you run an ecommerce store (I'll address this below). Newsletter services allow you to create a sign up box, then provides you with some codes where you can copy and paste these codes into your website. All website builders have a tool that allows you to embed codes into wherever you want on your webpages. Once you publish your website, then the sign up box will show up. If you are operating an online store, you can integrate Mailchimp with websites built with Squarespace, Shopify or Bigcommerce. This way, after your customer buys from you, they are automatically invited to join your newsletter so you can continue to share news with them, or even promote other products to them. Hope this helps! - Jeremy
During 1998 Netscape released Netscape Communicator code under an open source licence, enabling thousands of developers to participate in improving the software. However, they decided to start from the beginning, which guided the development of the open source browser and soon expanded to a complete application platform.[5] The Web Standards Project was formed and promoted browser compliance with HTML and CSS standards by creating Acid1, Acid2, and Acid3 tests. 2000 was a big year for Microsoft. Internet Explorer was released for Mac; this was significant as it was the first browser that fully supported HTML 4.01 and CSS 1, raising the bar in terms of standards compliance. It was also the first browser to fully support the PNG image format.[5] During this time Netscape was sold to AOL and this was seen as Netscape’s official loss to Microsoft in the browser wars.[5]
Great Article jeremy! VERY informative!! I'm working on making a job-board type of site. Where users can post jobs and and possible create profiles to frequently post job vacancies. The applicants should be able to filter through and search for jobs, so some sort of filteration system would be useful. If possible, I'd like for the job posters and the people searching for jobs to be able to create a profile on the website. What web-builder would you suggest? So far word press with cetains plug-ins seems to be the best bet but I'd appreciate your advice on this. Thank You
The list on the top of this page was compiled after an extensive review process. All of the good and bad components of each website builder were considered and used to create a grade system on a scale of ten. We even included a star rating system so that users can share their assessments with us and our readers. Although Wix has our most favorable score, it is not necessarily suited to every user (check Weebly also). We encourage you to read up and determine which one best suits your needs.
Creating a website is like making a coffee now. With the help of awesome online website building sites like wix, it is very convenient to just drag and drop elements...and create a basic site within hours. For a bloggers, wordpress is the best option, but they have to learn a bit about wordpress first. After creating website, especially a blogging one, there are some necessaries like a good hosting like godaddy.com, social share plugin (I recommend social share plugins by social9.com), cdn service for protection against attracts (cloudflare.com).
Because today, after 4years and half of development, well, I can code in C/C++ (advanced programs), .NET (WPF, UWP, Xamarin), Java (Softwares, Android), Go (API, WS) but I never did any website or webapp, so I would like to get into it. I feel like today it’s an important part so why not. But yeah, I feel like WordPress is high-level and I’m more a low-level dev, so what would be the best way to start or just the best approach overall?
User understanding of the content of a website often depends on user understanding of how the website works. This is part of the user experience design. User experience is related to layout, clear instructions and labeling on a website. How well a user understands how they can interact on a site may also depend on the interactive design of the site. If a user perceives the usefulness of the website, they are more likely to continue using it. Users who are skilled and well versed with website use may find a more distinctive, yet less intuitive or less user-friendly website interface useful nonetheless. However, users with less experience are less likely to see the advantages or usefulness of a less intuitive website interface. This drives the trend for a more universal user experience and ease of access to accommodate as many users as possible regardless of user skill.[10] Much of the user experience design and interactive design are considered in the user interface design.
Established site Edicy has recently relaunched under the name ‘Voog’, but it’s still a fast and simple website builder that will help you to establish an online presence in the blink of an eye. Voog doesn’t come with the most all-encompassing user experience, but its free trial version does offer free lifetime hosting, generous storage space and allows you to register more than one editor in order to manage the site.
The major player in the blog game is WordPress, a content management system (CMS) that powers millions of websites, including The New York Times, Quartz, and Variety. WordPress-powered sites are incredibly easy to set up, customize, and update—ideally on a daily basis. You aren't required to learn fancy-schmancy FTP tricks (though you can certainly use them if you like), and there are ridiculous numbers of free and paid WordPress themes and WordPress plug-ins to give your website a pretty face and vastly expanded functionality. Though WordPress dominates the blogging space, it isn't the only blogging CMS of note, however.
This is a great review post on website builders. I have tried some of them myself but most of them were hard on the budget and too clunky for me to actually use. Weebly and Squarespace did have what I was looking for but decided to abandon them for lack of time. The customer service on most of these is pretty bad (except the top3). I was actually going to do a review on most of these website builders myself but you’ve done a good job here.
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Texas neighborhood tense over World War II tank parked outside multimillion-dollar home | Fox News
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 2018 FOX News Network, LLC. All rights reserved. All market data delayed 20 minutes. Attorney Tony Buzbee bought a fully functional World War II tank overseas last year for $600,000 and parked it outside his home in River Oaks, Texas. (KHOU) A history buff in Texas shelled out some $600,000 for a fully functional World War II tank -- but now that it's parked outside his multimillion-dollar home, it's ruffling feathers in his neighborhood. Attorney Tony Buzbee of River Oaks said he bought the tank overseas last year. Took a year to get here, but now it's on River Oaks Boulevard, Buzbee told KHOU Houston. This particular tank landed at Normandy. It liberated Paris, and ultimately went all the way to Berlin. There's a lot of history here. However, the homeowners association sent him a letter saying the tank impedes traffic and causes a safety issue and serious concerns for neighbors, according to the report. HOA fight over WWII tank https://t.co/bbNOvbGA9d pic.twitter.com/6fB7DAkBRt It's not violating any ordinance, but for some people it makes the homeowners association uncomfortable, Buzbee said. He added that he'll move the tank to his ranch in east Texas before long. The problem is there is no action they can take, Buzbee told KHOU. They can ticket it or they can try to tow it, but the truth is unless I decide to move it, it's not going anywhere. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 2018 FOX News Network, LLC. All rights reserved. All market data delayed 20 minutes.
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User:Pmcasama/Sample page
I created this acct.beacause it has a lot to learn in this website. It helps me in my school lesson.and it give some nice idea.
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Hair Loss
Erectile Dysfunction
FAQ
Man in front of graffitied wall smirking
Finasteride Side Effects
Finasteride Side Effects and Safety — What to Know Before Using this Treatment
Finasteride is one of the most commonly used hair loss treatments around the world. It’s popular because it works: it has been shown time and time again to effectively reduce hair loss and even regrow hair.
But it can lead to some side effects. Being aware of these can help you choose the most appropriate hair loss treatment option for you.
In this article, we cover everything you need to know about finasteride side effects—what to expect, how to avoid them, and what some finasteride alternatives could be.
How Does Finasteride Work?
Finasteride is a prescription medication. It is often used to treat male-pattern hair loss (androgenic alopecia) in adult men, although it is also used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). For hair loss, it’s usually taken orally as a tablet at a dose of 1 mg. Finasteride is the generic version of the brand name drug Propecia.
Read more: Propecia vs. Generic Finasteride
To understand how finasteride works—and how it can cause side effects—we need a quick biology lesson. Androgenetic alopecia is caused by a hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT miniaturizes hair follicles: it makes them smaller and smaller, creating increasingly fine hair. Eventually, the follicles become so small that the hair falls out and the follicle dies.
So, to address hair loss, we need to reduce DHT in the scalp. DHT is created as a byproduct when testosterone is broken down. And there’s an enzyme, called 5α-reductase, that’s part of the process where testosterone is broken down.
Finasteride works by inhibiting 5α-reductase. Reducing 5α-reductase means less testosterone is broken down, which means less DHT, which ultimately means less hair loss. That’s what makes it effective: research finds that finasteride reduces hair loss in 90% of men with androgenic alopecia. In one long-term, 10-year study, 99% of men taking finasteride had their hair loss stay the same or get better.
Read more: What is finasteride? Everything you need to know
Is Finasteride Safe?
Yes, finasteride is considered safe for most men. Decades of research have consistently shown that side effects are uncommon and are usually not severe. However, finasteride does have some potential side effects that you should be aware of.
Oral Finasteride side effects
The following are some more common side effects that finasteride may cause. If these symptoms are severe or do not go away, seek medical advice:
• Pain in the testicles
• Decreased libido
• Inability to have or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction)
• Problems with ejaculation (including decreased volume of ejaculate)
• Depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts
Some side effects can be very serious. Seek immediate medical advice if you experience any of the following symptoms:
• Symptoms of allergy, including rash, itching, hives
• Swelling of the lips and face
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Changes in the breasts such as increased size, lumps, pain, or nipple discharge
Note that most patients taking finasteride do not experience side effects. In one clinical study, only 3.8% of patients experienced side effects, compared with 2.1% in the placebo group. In other words, the difference in side effects reported by people actually taking finasteride and people _thinking_ they were taking finasteride was quite small.
Further, note that most research suggests that side effects are temporary. The side effects stop in most people after discontinuing treatment. While long-term side effects of finasteride can persist (called post finasteride syndrome), this is rare—persistent side effects occur in only 0.3% of men.
Does finasteride cause hair loss initially?
Yes, finasteride use can cause temporary shedding in some people. This is most likely to occur in the first few months of using it. It’s actually a good sign because it suggests that the medicine is working. It’s so common that it’s actually got a name: finasteride shedding or Propecia shedding.
It’s not exactly clear why this is. Some experts believe that it’s because finasteride may help restart the growth phase of the hair follicles. The follicles may shed the old hair to be able to grow back new hairs that are thicker.
In any case, this shedding is temporary. It is common in the first few weeks and months of the treatment, but eventually will go away. Shedding may be more likely if you also use minoxidil with finasteride.
Does finasteride cause high-grade prostate cancer?
No, the evidence does not suggest that finasteride causes prostate cancer. Research suggests that, in general, finasteride reduces the risk of getting low-grade prostate cancer.
However, there is some nuance here. In one randomized control study over seven years, initial results did suggest that while there was less prostate cancer in the finasteride group, there was a higher percentage of high-grade prostate cancer (6.4% in the finasteride group vs. 5.1% in the placebo group—the difference between them was just 1.3%).
However, with more follow-up over the next few years, researchers found that the difference was small and statistically insignificant. One replication study found that prostate cancer was significantly lower in the finasteride group (10.5% vs. 14.9%). High-grade prostate cancer was as common in the finasteride group (3.5%) as in the placebo group (3.0%). There was no statistically significant difference, meaning that the difference was so small and may be due to chance.
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How to avoid the side effects of finasteride?
Most people taking finasteride will not experience an adverse event. But to decrease the risk of adverse effects, make sure you follow the directions of use of the medical professional who prescribed your finasteride. Ensure that you take the dose recommended to you.
Alternatives to oral finasteride
You can also potentially avoid the side effects of finasteride by exploring some alternatives. For example, topical finasteride may have fewer side effects than 1 mg finasteride tablets. Minoxidil may have fewer side effects as well.
Topical finasteride
Most people take finasteride orally in tablet form. However, there are also now several topical options available. Topical finasteride comes in a spray or gel. Instead of being absorbed systemically, it gets absorbed into your scalp and gets right to work inhibiting DHT in the hair follicles.
Topical finasteride is newer than oral finasteride, so there isn’t as much research on it. But the research evidence that does exist suggests that it is safe. No studies have reported serious side effects. The minor side effects reported include:
• Scalp irritation
• Erythema (reddening of the skin)
• Itchy skin
• Shedding
Topical finasteride may be a way to realize the benefits of finasteride without risking the sexual side effects.
Read more: Topical Finasteride in Canada: What it is, where to buy it, and more
Minoxidil
Minoxidil is another hair loss treatment medication. It’s the generic name for Rogaine. Minoxidil works by dilating blood vessels in the scalp, allowing more blood and nutrients to get to the hair follicles. Minoxidil is also effective, although not as effective as finasteride.
However, it does have fewer side effects and is not associated with any sexual side effects. Minoxidil side effects include:
• Shedding
• Scalp irritation
• Itchy skin
• Erythema (reddening of the skin)
Read more: What is Minoxidil? Your complete guide to Minoxidil in Canada
Start your hair regrowth journey now
Finasteride is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for hair loss. There are decades of research demonstrating that it’s effective.
It can cause side effects, but these are generally uncommon and usually not severe. Only about 3.8% of people taking finasteride treatment can expect to experience an adverse reaction. But if you’re worried about the potential side effects of finasteride, there are many alternative treatments.
Not sure what treatment is right for you?
Start an online consultation with our medical professionals. They can give you more information about what medications may be appropriate for you and what alternatives you can seek to reduce the risk of side effects.
References
Lee, S. W., Juhasz, M., Mobasher, P., Ekelem, C., & Mesinkovska, N. A. (2018). A systematic review of topical finasteride in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men and women. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(4), 457.
McClennan, K. J., & Markham, A. (1999). Finasteride: A review of its use in male pattern baldness. Drugs, 57(1), 111-126.
Mysore, V. (2012). Finasteride and sexual side effects. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 3(1), 62.
Shapiro, J., & Kaufman, K. D. (2003, June). Use of finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss). In Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 20-23). Elsevier.
Thompson Jr, I. M., Goodman, P. J., Tangen, C. M., Parnes, H. L., Minasian, L. M., Godley, P. A., ... & Ford, L. G. (2013). Long-term survival of participants in the prostate cancer prevention trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 603-610.
Yanagisawa, M., Fujimaki, H., Takeda, A., Nemoto, M., Sugimoto, T., & Sato, A. (2019). Long-term (10-year) efficacy of finasteride in 523 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia. Clinical Research Trials, 5(5), 1-5.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information contained herein is not a substitute for and should never be relied upon for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment.
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Trump transition officials warned Flynn about Russia communications
Washington (CNN)Donald Trump's transition team warned former national security adviser Michael Flynn about the risks of communicating with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak, a former US official has confirmed to CNN. Members of Trump's transition team alerted Flynn in November that any conversations with Kislayk were most likely being monitored, a warning that took place weeks before the two discussed US sanctions on Russia by phone, according to The Washington Post, which first reported the development. The head of Trump's national security transition team, Marshall Billingslea, requested Obama administration officials provide a classified CIA profile on Kislyak to show to Flynn out of concern that he didn't completely appreciate the Russian ambassador's motives, a source close to Billingslea confirmed to CNN. Billingslea, a former Pentagon official under George W. Bush, knew at the time that the retired Army lieutenant general would talk with Kislyak soon, the source said. Several former Trump transition officials expressed doubt about the assertion that the transition team warned Flynn about talking to the Russian ambassador. "Sounds like a bit of revisionist history to me," one of those officials said. "I bet everyone interviewed by the FBI (said) they warned against the Russians." The development comes as former acting Attorney General Sally Yates prepares to testify before a Senate Judiciary subcommittee Monday that she gave a forceful warning to the White House that Flynn had not been truthful in public and private statements denying that he and Kislyak discussed sanctions on Russia, according to sources familiar with her account. White House press secretary Sean Spicer told reporters in mid-February, however, that Yates had simply "wanted to give a 'heads-up' to us on some comments that may have seemed in conflict with what he (Flynn) had sent the vice president." In her warning, Yates told the administration that Flynn's conversations with Kislyak and his subsequent statements denying he spoke about the sanctions could make him vulnerable to blackmail by Russian officials, the sources said. Flynn was forced to step down as national security adviser just weeks after President Donald Trump took office after reports surfaced that Flynn misled the administration about his conversations with the Russian ambassador. "I inadvertently briefed the Vice President-Elect and others with incomplete information regarding my phone calls with the Russian Ambassador," Flynn wrote in February, according to a copy of his resignation letter obtained by CNN. "I have sincerely apologized to the President and the Vice President, and they have accepted my apology." CNN's Jeff Zeleny, Jim Sciutto, Manu Raju and Pamela Brown contributed to this report.
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BRIEF-Alstria Office keeps profit, sales outlook after 9-month drop
Nov 6 (Reuters) - Alstria Office Reit AG * Says revenues at eur 143.8 mln and funds from operations (ffo) at eur 85.9 mln * Says net ltv at 44.5% and reit equity ratio at 53.5% * Says epra nav increased to eur 11.52 per share, epra vacancy rate stable at 9.3% * Says full-year guidance confirmed * Says based on results of first nine months alstria confirms its guidance for fy 2017: revenues of eur 193 mln and ffo of eur 113 mln Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
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List of Buddhist temples in the Tibet Autonomous Region
This is a list of Buddhist temples, monasteries, stupas, and pagodas in the Tibet Autonomous Region for which there are Wikipedia articles.
* Chokorgyel Monastery
* Dorje Drak
* Drepung Monastery
* Drongtse Monastery
* Dzogchen Monastery
* Ganden Monastery
* Jokhang Monastery
* Kathok
* Khorzhak Monastery
* Menri Monastery
* Mindrolling Monastery
* Nechung
* Palpung Monastery
* Palyul
* Ralung Monastery
* Sakya Monastery
* Samding Monastery
* Samye
* Sera Monastery
* Shechen Monastery
* Simbiling Monastery
* Surmang Monastery
* Tashi Lhunpo Monastery
* Tsi Nesar
* Tsurphu Monastery
* Yerpa
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MSBA is actively seeking Program Proposals from the Maryland Legal Community to enrich our 2024 event. Submit Your Program Before the Priority Deadline: December 4, 2023.
Whenever I gently stretch before bed I notice that I sleep better. It calms my body and mind and I fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. One reason for this is mindfulness. Studies have shown that mindfulness can help to improve sleep. Stretching helps us focus on our breath and our body steering us away from the stressors of the day. Stretching can also help relieve muscle tension from working all day, promoting better sleep.
When stretching before bed do what feels right and keep it gentle. For most people a rigorous workout before bed can keep you awake. If it doesn’t feel good, find another stretch that works for you. Always check with your doctor before starting any new stretching routine.
Some of my favorite bedtime stretches include:
The Bear hug
I recommended stretching before bed for a client and he loves this stretch and says it really helps him quiet his mind, fall asleep easier, and sleep more soundly.
To do this stretch:
1. Stand tall and inhale as you open your arms out wide.
2. Exhale as you cross your arms, placing your left arm over your right to give yourself a hug.
3. Breathe deeply as you use your hands to draw your shoulders forward.
4. Hold this stretch for 30 seconds or whatever feels comfortable.
5. To release, inhale to open your arms back open wide.
6. Exhale and repeat with your right arm on top.
7. Repeat a few times
Child’s Pose
This is also a great stretch to do during the day if you are feeling stressed or overwhelmed.
To do this stretch:
1. Start on your knees, sitting back on your heels.
2. Hinge at your hips to fold forward and rest your forehead on the floor.
3. If comfortable, extend your arms in front of you to support your neck, use your arms as a pillow, or bring your arms alongside your body. Find what works best for you. Feel free to use a pillow or cushion under your thighs or forehead for extra support.
4. Breathe deeply in while holding the pose, bringing your awareness to any areas of discomfort or tightness in your body. Imagine as you exhale the tension is like sand running through your hands.
5. If comfortable, hold this pose for up to 5 minutes. You can come back to this pose between other stretches to give your body a rest.
Seated forward bend
Really helpful to relieve tension in your spine, shoulders, legs and lower back.
To do this stretch:
1. Sit on your sit bones with your legs extended in front of you. Sit up straight.
2. Gently hinge at your hips to fold forward, reaching out your arms in front of you. Rest your hands on your legs wherever you feel comfortable. Some people are more flexible than others and can reach their toes but there is no need to stretch beyond what feels good.
3. Relax your head and tuck your chin into your chest.
4. Hold this pose for up to 5 minutes.
5. I like to hold the pose for about 30 seconds, release and repeat for 30 seconds.
Legs -up-the-wall pose
I love this one and used a tree for my wall while camping. It’s a restorative pose that is very relaxing and helps to reduce tension in your back, shoulders and neck.
How to do this pose:
1. Sit with the right side of your body against a wall.
2. Gently lie on your back as you swing your legs up against the wall.
3. Your hips can be up against the wall or a few inches away. Choose the distance that feels the best and most comfortable for you. Placing a cushion under your hips will give you support and a bit of elevation.
4. Rest your arms in any comfortable position.
5. Remain in this pose for up to 10 minutes.
Reclined butterfly pose
If you spend most of your day sitting this one is great to relieve tension in your hips.
To do this stretch:
1. Sit on the floor and bring the soles of your feet together.
2. Lean back on your hands to bring your back, neck, and head to the floor. Using cushions or pillows under your knees or head can provide support and comfort.
3. Place your arms in any comfortable position.
4. Focus on relaxing your hips and thighs as you breathe deeply.
5. Hold this pose for up to 10 minutes.
I hope these stretches and poses can help to improve your sleep. The key to any change is consistency.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Federal United Corporation, Defendant Below, Appellant, vs. Joseph Havender, Sr. and Joseph Havender, Jr. Complainants Below, Appellees. Joseph Havender, Sr. and Joseph Havender, Jr. Complainants Below, Cross-Appellants, vs. Federal United Corporation, Defendant Below, Cross-Appellee.
Supreme Court, On Appeal,
Jan. 16, 1940.
Layton, C. J., and Richards, Rodney, and Speakman, JJ., sitting. "
Caleb S. Layton, and Richards, Layton & Finger, all of ,)Vilmington, and T. R. White, and White & Staples, all of Philadelphia, Pa;, for appellant.
Christopher■ L. Ward, Jr., of Wilmington, and Allen S. Hubbard (of Hughes, Richards, Hubbard & Ewing), of New York City, and Daniel 0. Hastings and Caleb R. Layton ’3d (of Hastings, Stockly, Duffy & Layton), both of Wilmington, amici curiae.
Hughes & Terry, of Dover, and Abraham L. Pomerantz, of New York City, for appellees.
Supreme Court,
October Term, 1939.
Layton, Chief Justice,
delivering the opinion "of the court:
The first question to be decided is whether a merger of a parent corporation with a corporation wholly owned by it is within the purview of Section 59 of the General Corporation Law. The late Chancellor, indirectly, gave a negative answer. 23 Del. Ch. 104, 2 A. 2d 143. He made no reference to the amendment of April 13, 1937, designated as Section 59A; and we prefer to think that the amendment was not called to his attention, for in such case, no doubt, there would have been some modification of expression. The present Chancellor was specific. In his opinion a merger of "a parent corporation with its wholly-owned subsidiary was not within-the contemplation of Section 59. This was apparent, as he said, from the provision that the merger agreement shall state the “manner of converting the shares of each of the constituent corporations into shares of the consolidated corporations”; and he referred to the amendment, designated as Section 59 A, as indicating that the Legislature had found it necessary to amend the General Corporation Law by expressly authorizing mergers between parent companies and their wholly-owned subsidiaries. Ante p. 96, 6 A. 2d 618.
We find ourselves unable to agree with this view. By Section 59, any two or more corporations organized under the General Corporation Law, or existing under the laws of this state, for the purpose of carrying on any business, may merge. The language of the authority is plain, understandable and general. The power is not qualified or restricted by limitation or exception. Limitations on power are usually to be found in the language of the grant, or in a reservation or exception attached to the grant. The language singled out by the learned Chancellor as indicating a limitation on the general authority conferred is not concerned with extent of the power granted. It relates to the details of merger agreements; and is general directory language applicable, mutatis mutandis, to all circumstances of mergers and consolidations. An exception to the all-embracing authority conferred by the section is not, we think, to be found in the language seized upon. The general rule of statutory construction repeatedly affirmed by the courts of this state generally, and, in particular, by this court, is that where the language of a statute is plain and conveys a clear and definite meaning, the courts will give to the statute the exact meaning conveyed by the language, adding nothing thereto, and taking nothing therefrom. Van Winkle v. State, 4 Boyce (27 Del.) 578, 91 A. 385, Ann. Cas. 1916D, 104. And, specifically, where the Legislature had made no exception to the positive terms of' a statute, the presumption is that it intended to make none, and it is not the province of the court to do so. Lewis v. Pawnee Bill’s Wild West Co., 6 Pennewill 316, 66 A. 471,16 Ann. Cas. 903.
It is for the Legislature not for the court, to declare the public policy of the state; and it is not, therefore, the function of the court to graft an exception on the plain and positive terms of the statute.
The amendment of April 13, 1937, designated as Section 59A, does not expressly confer authority to consolidate or merge, as does Section 59. The section proceeds at once to declare that any corporation of this state, owning all of the stock of any other corporation of this state or of any other state which permits corporate mergers, may posssess itself of all of the estate, property, rights and franchises of its wholly-owned corporation by filing with the Secretary of State a certificate of a certain form and content, and recording a certified copy in the proper county or counties. The section states the changes with respect to the parent corporation that may be effected under its provisions; and other changes contemplated by the plan of merger are required to be accomplished under the provisions of Section 59 as that section has existed substantially since the.adoption of the General Corporation. Law in 1899. Read in connection with the general and unrestricted authority conferred by Section 59, the amendment is declaratory of the right of all Delaware corporations to consolidate or merge, its immediate purpose being, not a grant of power, but a simplification of procedure with, respect to mergers of parent corporations with their wholly-owned subsidiaries.
We are of opinion, therefore, that a merger of a parent corporation with a subsidiary wholly owned by it is within the purview of Section 59 of the General Corporation Law.
.. Next to'be considered is whether, under the merger and consolidation provisions of the General Corporation Law, and apart from those provisions with respect to a valuation of stock either by agreement or by appraisal, dividends accumulated on the cumulative preference stock of one or more of the constituent companies may be disposed of other than by paying to the dissatisfied shareholder the amount of them in money.
Neither of the learned Chancellors below thought it necessary to consider the question. In their view, the corporate proceeding complained of, while styled a merger, was no more than an unauthorized attempt at a recapitalization of the defendant corporation, ineffective, as against objection, to extinguish accumulated dividends on preference stock within the rule announced by this court in Keller v. Wilson & Co., Inc., 21 Del. Ch. 391, 190 A. 115.
The complainants, founding their position on the Keller case, insist that the merger sections of the Corporation Law not only do not authorize, and could not validly authorize, the abrogation of dividends accumulated on preference stock, but, on the contrary, expressly preserve the right to such dividends. The contention is that in the Keller case this court held that the right of a holder of cumulative preferred stock to eventual payment of dividends in arrear on his stock, was a fixed contractual right, a right in the nature of a debt, in that sense vested, and not to be taken away by a voluntary recapitalization without the consent of the holder of the stock. In the cited case, a recapitalization of a corporation under Section 26 of the General Corporation Law, Revised Code 1935, § 2058, was involved. At the time of the formation of the corporation and the issuance of the stock, the right of the holder of cumulative preferred stock to dividends accrued thereon through time was protected against destruction, by charter amendment under Section 26. Relying on an amendment to the section subsequently enacted, the corporation attempted to cancel the dividends accrued on its preference stock. It was held that there were limitations on the general reserve power of the state. The rationale of the decision, stated and reiterated, was that when the nature of the right of the holder of cumulative preferred stock to unpaid dividends accrued thereon, through time was examined in a case where the right was accorded protection when the corporation was formed and the stock was issued, it was such a right that could not be destroyed by corporate action taken uhder an authority subsequently conferred. In such circumstances, the right was considered to be of the dignity of a fixed contractual right in the nature of a debt. The decision has no application beyond its philosophy. It has no bearing on the question in dispute. The substantial elements of the merger and consolidation provisions of the General Corporation Law as they now appear have existed from the time of the inception of the law. It is elementary that these provisions are written into every corporate charter. The shareholder has notice that the corporation whose shares he has acquired may be merged with another corporation if the required majority of the shareholders agree. He is informed that the merger agreement may prescribe the terms and conditions of the merger, the mode of carrying it into effect, and the manner of converting the shares of the constituent corporations into the shares of the resulting corporation. A well understood meaning of the word “convert,” is to alter in form, substance or quality. Substantial rights of shareholders, as is well known, may include rights in respect of voting, options, preferences and dividends. The average intelligent mind must be held to know that dividends may accumulate on preferred stock, and that in the event of a merger of the corporation issuing the stock with another corporation, the various rights of shareholders, including the right to dividends on preference stock accrued but unpaid, may, and perhaps must, be the subject of reconcilement and adjustment; for, in many cases, it would be impracticable to effect a merger if the rights attached to the shares could not be dealt with. The state has an interest in the corporate structures erected under its authority. Having provided for the merger of corporations, they are not regarded with disfavor. On the contrary, mergers are encouraged to the extent that they tend to conserve and promote corporate interests. The catholic quality of the language of the merger provisions of the law negatives a narrow or technical construction if the purpose for which they were enacted is to be accomplished. MacFarlane, et al., v. North American Cement Corporation, 16 Del. Ch. 172, 157 A. 396. Moreover, it is recognized that there may be shareholders whoi will be dissatisfied with the effect of the terms of the merger proposal upon the rights attached to their shares. While their right to dissent is admitted, the public policy of the state declared by the statute, somewhat analogous to the right of eminent domain, does not permit a dissenting shareholder, as against an affirmative vote of' two-thirds, to veto a merger agreement if its terms are fair and equitable in the circumstances of the case. Within the time and in the manner provided, by the statute, the dissatisfied stockholder, if he so desires, may demand and receive the money value of his shares as that value has been agreed upon or has been determined by an impartial appraisement. Consequently, in a case where a merger of corporations is permitted by the law and is accomplished in accordance with the law, the holder of cumulative preference stock as to which dividends have accumulated may not insist that his right to the dividends is a fixed contractual right in the nature of a debt, in that sense vested and, therefore, secure against attack. Looking to the law which is a part of the corporate charter, and, therefore, a part of the shareholder’s contract, he has not been deceived nor lulled into the belief that the right to such dividends is firm and stable. On the contrary, his contract has informed him that the right is defeasible; and with that knowledge the stock was acquired. In such situation the shareholder is not confronted, as was the complainant in the Keller case, with a proposed alteration of rights attached to preference stock not within the contemplation of the law as it stood when the corporation was formed and the stock issued (except as an alteration of rights may be said to be imagined under the general reserve power of the state) and with no alternative right to demand and receive the value of his stock in money.
The broad contention advanced by the appellees, that the merger provisions of the General Corporation Law do not authorize the extinguishment of dividends accumulated on preference stock, even if the terms of the merger proposal are fair and equitable, must be denied, unless the effect of the qualifying clause at the end of Section 60 is such as to compel the recognition of such unpaid dividends as a debt or liability of the corporation enforceable against the resulting corporation.
It is to be supposed that the Legislature intended to give to the words and terms employed by it their usual and ordinary meaning and significance. A holder of preference shares as to which dividends have accumulated through time is not a creditor of the corporation in the ordinary and usual meaning of the word; nor is he the holder of a lien as that word is usually understood. In proximate contextual relation to the words, “creditors” and “liens,” are the words, “debts,” “liabilities” and “duties.” The connotation of these words, having in mind the significant fact that there is nothing in the section that purports to deal with the rights of shareholders, leads to the conclusion that the words and terms were not intended to refer or to be applicable to the results of the contractual relation arising out of stock ownership either as between the shareholders inter sese, or as between the shareholder and the corporation. The words and terms are readily to be understood as referable to persons external to the corporation, and to debts, liabilities and duties due from the corporation to them, and not. to those internal liabilities and duties of the corporation to the shareholder which spring, from that relationship. If the legislative intendment had been otherwise, the necessity for positive and unequivocal language is plainly indicated; and it would not have been difficult to make clear the meaning and purpose of the qualifying clause. Considering as a whole the merger and consolidation sections of the General Corporation Law, we are not willing to ascribe to the words and terms of the qualifying clause of the section a significance that would make them comprehensive of such internal liabilities of the corporation as may be supposed to proceed from the recognition of unpaid dividends accumulated on preferred' stock as in the nature of a debt due from the corporation to the shareholder. See 1 Machen, Corporations,' § 538.
The unsatisfactory character of the authorities offered by the appellees in support of their contention is some warrant for the view which we take of the law. Goodisson v. North American Securities Co., 40 Ohio App. 85, 178 N. E. 29, 31, is cited and quoted as holding that “the statutory remedy [appraisal] was not intended by the Legislature to constitute the exclusive remedy of a dissenting shareholder”; but upon examination it will be found that the court made no such pronouncement. The right of a subscriber to stock of a corporation which had merged with another corporation before the entire stock subscription had been paid was involved. The plan of merger was unfair and inequitable: The complainant subscriber had notice of the meeting of stockholders, but had no voice thereat as an unregistered holder of stock. She brought suit in equity for an accounting on the theory that the corporation was trustee of the money paid by her to it under her subscription contract; and she was met by the claim that she should have given notice of her dissatisfaction, and should have demanded a valuation of her stock under the statute. It was in these circumstances that the court said,
“We are inclined to the view that the statutory remedy was not intended by the Legislature to constitute the exclusive remedy of a dissenting shareholder, and that if equitable grounds exist a resort may be had to a court of equity for the enforcement of such rights as may exist in a dissenting shareholder.”
In like manner, the appellees quote a part only of a statement of the Court of Errors and Appeals in the case of Windhurst v. Central Leather Co., infra, as follows:
“The consolidation statute does not authorize a compulsory conversion or sale of stock on terms that would impair the obligations of a stockholder’s contract.” [107 N. J. Eq. 528, 153 A. 403.]
The whole of the court’s statement, and its relevancy, will appear later in the discussion of the case.
Boardman v. Lake Shore, etc., Ry. Co., 84 N. Y. 157, is cited as supporting the proposition that the right to accumulated dividends in arrear is a liability that survives against the resulting company after the completion of a merger. There, however, the dividends on the preferred stock were expressly guaranteed both in the resolution of the directors under which the stock was issued and in the stock certificates, well within the agreement of consolidation by which the consolidated company assumed all “just debts, guarantees, liabilities and obligations” of the consolidating companies. What the basis of exchange was with respect to the stock of the consolidating companies, and whether the stockholders were to be compensated equitably for accrued dividends, are matters not disclosed by. the report of the case. It does appear,. however, that the consolidation was not effected under statutes in existence when the corporation was formed and the stock issued, but under, special statutes enacted thereafter. Because of these circumstances the relevancy of the case is obscure.
In the same connection, Colgate v. United States Leather Co., 73 N. J. Eq. 72, 67 A. 657, is cited. There the complainants were holders of the eight per cent, preference stock of United States Leather Company. They sought to enjoin a consolidation of the corporation with General Leather Company. By express provision" of the preferred stock certificate, holders of the stock were entitled to a cumulative dividend of eight per cent, per annum, payable out of the earnings of the company before any payment on the common stock, and in case of non-payment in full of any such yearly dividend the portion unpaid was charged without interest on the earnings of the company prior to the claims of the common stock. Dividends had accumulated on the preferred stock to an amount exceeding forty-five per cent., or upwards óf $28,000,000. The company had a surplus of over $20,000,000, of which $7,000,000 was concededly earned. The merger agreement proposed to convert each share of the preference stock and the accrued dividend thereon into $50 face value in bonds, $50 in seven per cent, preferred stock of the new company, and $23.50 in common stock, the latter amount admittedly being given in settlement of unpaid dividends. As the court found, the result of the merger was that the common stockholders received $18,-000,000, and the preferred stockholders $14,000,000 of the new common stock. At that time, moreover, there was a statute which required the directors of manufacturing companies, after reserving over and above the capital stock paid in, as a working capital, such sum as should have been fixed by the stockholders, to declare a dividend of the whole of the accumulated profits exceeding the amount so reserved, and to pay the dividend to the stockholders on demand; provided that the corporation in its certificate of incorporation, or in the by-laws, might authorize the direcr tors to fix the amount to be reserved. There was no formal reservation of accumulated profits for working capital. In these circumstances, it was held that the claim of the preferred stockholders to accumulated dividends, was in the nature of a liability or duty which, if not surrendered, would continue against the new company.
The learned Vice-Chancellor viewed a merger as a dissolution or termination of the business of the corporation; and on this hypothesis the provisions of the stock certificate were of paramount importance. See Penington v. Commonwealth Hotel Construction Corporation, 17 Del. Ch. 394, 155 A. 514, 75 A. L. R. 1136. Again, under the statute then in operation, the preferred shareholders were potential legal creditors of the corporation to the extent of accumulated profits above the amount reserved for working capital; and there were large accumulated profits, and no reserve for working capital had been fixed. Furthermore, the plan of consolidation was unfair and inequitable in that it undertook to transfer to the common shareholders a portion of the assets of the company which legally and equitably belonged to the preferred shareholders.
The directors of the company accepted the decision and withdrew the plan of consolidation; and while eventually the case went to the Court of Errors and Appeals, it was not on the question under discussion.
In the circumstances shown the decision is not difficult to understand; but we are not willing to accept it as an authority for the broad proposition that in the case of a merger of corporations dividends accumulated on preferred stock can, in no event, be disposed of other than by paying the amount of them to the dissatisfied shareholders. It seems not to have been so understood in Windhurst v. Central Leather Co., infra, where the theory that a merger operated as a dissolution was definitely repudiated; and we do not agree that the. late Chancellor, by his reference to the case in Cole v. National Cash Credit Association, 18 Del. Ch. 47, 156 A. 183, meant to suggest that, in no circumstances, under the merger provisions of the General Corporation Law, may dividends accumulated on preferred stock be discharged other than by money payment, for in his opinion herein (23 Del. Ch. 104, 2 A. 2d 143) he referred to the appellees’ theory as a broad contention, to be accepted or rejected only after a'full and deliberate discussion. •
The appellant cites Jones v. St. Louis Structural Steel Co., 267 Ill. App. 576, 577, 580, and Windhurst v. Central Leather Co., 101 N. J. Eq. 543, 138 A. 772; Id., 105 N. J. Eq. 621, 149 A. 36; Id., 107 N. J. Eq. 528, 153 A. 402. In the first -case the Appellate Court of Illinois for the Fourth District had before it a provision in the stock certificate of a Delaware corporation to the effect that no merger of the corporation with another corporation should in any way impair the rights of the preferred stock. This provision was held to be invalid as in conflict with the statute; and the complaining stockholder was held not to be entitled to cash payment for his shares upon a merger of corporations, the court saying that Section 59 of the Delaware statute “never intended that the preferred stock of a corporation should not be impaired in any way by a merger.”
In the Windhurst case, Central Leather Company and United States Leather Company agreed to merge. The complainant was a holder of seven per cent, cumulative preferred stock of Central Leather Company of the par value of $100, of which approximately 330,000 shares were outstanding, and on which dividends had accrued to the extent of about forty-three per cent. Under the merger plan, for each share of the old preferred stock, the holder was to-receive one-half share of the new seven per cent, prior preference stock of the par value of $100, a % share of Class A Participating and Preferred stock, the stated value of which % share was $23, and $5 in cash; and the surrender of all rights to accumulated dividends was required. The complainants objected on the grounds that the plan was unfair, inequitable and in the interests of the common stock; and that it deprived him of his vested rights to accumulated dividends. With respect to the first ground of complaint the Vice-Chancellor held that the plan was fair and equitable having regard to the condition of the company, the advantages and privileges accorded to the holders of the prior preference stock offrsetting the disadvantages. With respect to the second question, he said that it was impossible to enter into an extensive examination of the legality of the attacked procedure because of lack of time; that his first impression was that the underlying rationale of Day v. United States Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Co., 96 N. J. Eq. 736, 126 A. 302, was. applicable, a case where a dividend was paid on common stock out of a working capital reserve earned during years when the dividend had been passed on non-cumulative preferred stock. He then proceeded to make a general statement with respect to the right of. a corporation to adopt a-policy over the objection of any of the preferred stockholders whereby the holders of the common stock may be permitted to share in the earnings of the company without a literal enforcement of the rights of preferred shareholders as those rights were fixed at the time of the ’ creation of the company, observing that any vigilant, bona fide holder of a single share of such preferred stock, not in default himself, ought, in such case, to have the aid of the court. Manifestly, the court was directing attention to a plan of merger that would operate to enrich common stockholders at the expense of holders of preferred stock, for later in the opinion (101 N. J. Eq. 543, 138 A. 775) it was said:
“It is not a case of enjoining an ultra vires act of the corporation, because. the statute expressly permits the merger and leaves the details of the operation to a two-thirds majority of each class of stock. Of course, if there was any question of fraudulently attempting to enrich one class of stockholders by the impoverishment of another class, the reports are filled with cases making it the duty of this court to protect the latter.”
■ Relief was denied the complainants because of conduct amounting to loches. Thereafter, they amended their bill so as to include a prayer that, in the event of denial of injunctive relief, the contract created by the purchase of the preferred stock by the complainants be specifically enforced, and that the defendant company be decreed to pay to each complainant the par value of his stock together with an arrears of dividends, on the theory that the merger operated as a dissolution of the corporation. This theory was held unsound. Windhurst v. Central Leather Co., 105 N. J. Eq. 621, 149 A. 36. The Vice-Chancellor said that the plain meaning of the act was that corporations merging were to be continued as a joint or consolidated whole; that it was within the power of the Legislature to.permit a merger, for the law was the same in that respect at the time of the creation of the corporation as at the present; and that every stockholder took his stock with notice of the powers conferred upon the corporation issuing the stock. The court stressed its previous holding that the plan of conversion of shares was fair and equitable, saying that if the decision had been otherwise, the result of a timely application would have beeii exactly opposite. There was a final decree dismissing the bill.
■ The Court of Errors and Appeals, in a per 'curiam opinion (107 N. J. Eq. 528, 153 A. 402, 403), approved the two opinions of the Vice-Chancellor, saying that they had dealt satisfactorily with all of the points of contention made on the appeal. The sixth point of contention was that “the consolidation statute does not authorize á compulsory conversion or sale of stock on terms that would impair the obligations of a stockholder’s contract.”
To this contention, the court made this pregnant answer,
“This may be conceded, pointing out by way of comment that the stockholders’ contract is not restricted to the certificate of incorporation, but includes the pertinent provisions of the Corporation Act relating to merger and consolidation.”
It will be noticed, of course, that the merger plan, in no sense, provided for the “literal enforcement” of the rights of the preferred shareholders, for they were to receive only $5 in money as against $43 accrued on the preferred stock, and the total of the values to be received by them was only $78 as against a face value of $143. Notwithstanding, the plan of conversion was held to be fair and equitable. The observations of the Vice-Chancellor are utterly irreconcilable with the theory that, in no case, can dividends accumulated on preferred stock be extinguished except by their payment in money against the objection of a dissenting shareholder; and, as his conclusions were approved by the Appellate Court, we are unable to view the Windhurst case in any light other than as permitting, in the case of merger of corporations, dividends accrued on preference stock to be disposed of other than by money payment, if the plan of merger is fair and equitable in the circumstances of the case, not operating to enrich one class of shareholders at the expense of holders of preferred stock.
There is no invasion of legal or equitable rights, nor is there moral wrong, in disposing of dividends on preference stock accumulated through time other than by their payment in money, if the right to such dividends has not the status of a fixed contractual right under the law as it stood when the corporation was formed and the stock was issued, and if the terms of disposal are fair and equitable in the circumstances of the case; and especially is this true where provision is made for payment of the value of the shares to the dissatisfied shareholder. To say that the right to such dividends may not be destroyed by charter amendment under Section 26 of the General Corporation Law which, when the corporation was formed and the stock issued, did not authorize the destruction of the right, and with no alternative right in the shareholder to demand payment in money of the value of his stock, is not to say that the right may not be compounded under the merger provisions of the law which warn the shareholder that his right is defeasible, and which, if he is dissatisfied, entitle him to demand and receive the money value of his shares. There is a clear distinction between the situations recognized by the General Corporation Law and the modes of procedure applicable to each of them; and we think that the strictness of view of the merger provisions of the law entertained by the learned Chancellors below was, perhaps, induced by overlooking the distinction, so that it was assumed that to attempt to accomplish by merger that which could not be done by mere charter amendment, was a perversion of the statute in an effort to escape the reach of the decision in the Keller case.
It is not suggested that the terms of the plan of merger were' unfair or inequitable. We conclude, therefore, that the accumulations of dividends on the preference stock of the defendant corporation were lawfully compounded. The complainants were put to their election, either to demand payment in money of the value of their preferred shares as agreed upon, or as ascertained by an appraisement, or to accept the exchange of securities offered by the merger plan. No effort was made to agree upon a valuation of the shares, and no appraisement was sought. Manifestly, under the provisions of the statute, a valuation cannot be demanded now. The complainants must accept the terms of the merger agreement.
Apart from what has been said, the complainants were not entitled to relief. In the circumstances disclosed by the record they were guilty of loches. Even if we had been compelled to hold that a merger of a parent corporation with its wholly-owned subsidiary was not within the contemplation of Section 59, and that the corporate proceeding was no more than an attempt at a reclassification of shares under Section 26, the act was void only as against dissenting shareholders; and no supposed, public policy would have sufficed to declare the plan to be void and the conversion of shares a nullity if all of the interested shareholders had assented. Trounstine v. Remington Rand, 22 Del. Ch. 122, 194 A. 95.
A court of equity moves upon considerations of conscience, good faith and reasonable diligence. Knowledge and unreasonable delay are essential elements of the defense of loches. The precise time that may elapse between the act complained of as wrongful and the bringing of suit to prevent or correct the wrong does not, in itself, determine the question of loches. What constitutes unreasonable delay is a question of fact dependent largely upon the particular circumstances. No rigid rule has ever been laid down. Change of position on the part of those affected by non-action, and the intervention of rights are factors of supreme importance. The promptness of action demanded of a stockholder objecting to the accomplishment of a proposed corporate act which, although unauthorized, is capable of ratification, is dependent in a large degree upon the effect of his delay on others; and where many persons will be affected by an act that involves a change of capital structure and a material alteration of fights attached to stock ownership, the stockholder, having knowledge of the contemplated action, owes a duty both to the corporation and to the stockholders to act with the promptness demanded by the particular circumstances. Romer v. Porcelain Products, Inc., 23 Del. Ch. 52, 2 A. 2d 75. In Rankin v. Interstate Equities Corporation, 21 Del. Ch. 39, 180 A. 541, a delay of two months was held to be loches. In Union Financial Corporation of America v. United Investors’ Securities Corporation, 18 Del. Ch. 146, 156 A. 220, a delay of six months was held to constitute loches, the Chancellor calling attention to the fact as one worthy of notice that the complainant had twenty days to move to enjoin the consummation of the transaction under attack. In Finch, et al., v. Warrior Cement Corporation, et al., 16 Del. Ch. 44, 141 A. 54, there was a delay of ten months; and it was held that the complainants could not sit by while the purchasing company and the new interests were altering substantially their situations, the Chancellor observing that where there is no actual fraud, the equity which underlies the doctrine of loches appeals with especial persuasiveness. In Fraser v. Great Western Sugar Co., 185 A. 60, 14 N. J. Misc. 610, a delay of five months was held to bar relief. In Windhurst v. Central Leather Co., supra, the complainant delayed one month before filing his bill to enjoin a merger in circumstances that demanded prompt action. The learned Vice-Chancellor particularly noticed the fact that, although the complainant had appeared at the special meeting of stockholders and had there made his protest, he had given no warning of contemplated legal action; that mean-while the company had changed its position, and that other rights had been created with no other notice than that given by the objection made at the stockholders’ meeting; and that the corporation had spent money in and about the completion of the consolidation, and that the securities had been dealt with on the market.
There are comparable circumstances here, with less emphatic protest on the complainants’ part and far greater delay. The complainants made their objection to the merger plan by letter. The objection was that “back dividends” would be sacrificed. As an immediate re-action to the proposal, the objection was natural and understandable; but they made no charge of unfairness or illegality, nor did they suggest that they would take legal action. They did not attend the meeting of stockholders to reaffirm their objection. They, of course, knew that an affirmative vote of two-thirds was required for the adoption of the plan; and that, if adopted, at least two-thirds of the old preference stock would be exchanged for the new. They had been informed that an important factor of the plan was the proposed donation of 1,418 shares of the preferred stock of great value, as well as large amounts of the common stocks, the consummation of which would enhance the value of their preferred shares. They had been advised that the plan of merger would make “possible an immediate payment of dividends at the rate of $3 a share” on the new preferred stock; and,. as reasonable men, they must be held to the knowledge that if dividends on the new stock should be paid, and if, as was reasonably probable, the new securities should be dealt in, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to restore the status quo ante. These circumstances and considerations were known to the complainants before the plan of merger was adopted. On December 1, 1936, they were advised by letter of the result of the meeting of the stockholders, and that a dividend of seventy-five cents a share had been declared on the new preferred stock. So far as the record discloses, they ignored the letter. On January 8, 1937, they were informed again of the declaration and payment of the dividend. They paid no attention to this letter until Fébruary 10, 1937, when one of them wrote a letter which, in the circumstances of their knowledge, must be considered to be disingenuous. It was not until March' 2, 1937, that the defendant company was informed that the complainants regarded the merger proceedings as illegal; and no legal action was taken until June 30, 1937. Meanwhile, a second dividend had been paid on the new preferred stock in April, and a third dividend had been declared on June 1,1937, payable on the first of the following month; the donated shares had been retired and cancelled; the exchange of securities had been largely accomplished; and a considerable number of shares had been transferred among the shareholders of the company. The essentials of full knowledge, unreasonable delay, change of position, and intervention of rights are plainly indicated. The inference is warranted that the complainants wanted not so much to prevent the accomplishment of the merger as they did to profit from the confusion resulting from the supposedly unauthorized corporate action.
We do not say that an objecting stockholder must, in every case, move to enjoin a proposed corporate action in order to escape the imputation of loches; but is to be said that prompt action means unambiguous and decisive action; and it is, at the least, incumbent on such stockholder to give notice in plain and unequivocal terms that the intended invasion of rights will be contested.
Sitting by inactive and in what amounts to silence, when every consideration for the rights of others demanded prompt and vigorous action, and until affairs had become so complicated that a restoration of former status was difficult, if not impossible, is conduct amounting to loches.
It is unnecessary to consider other questions raised on the appeals.
The decree of the court below is reversed, with the direction to enter a decree dismissing the bill of complaint, with costs on the complainants.
On Motion for Reargument.
Per Curiam.
Upon consideration the motion is denied. The language of the merger statute (Revised Code of 1935, See. 2091) contemplates the conversion of the shares of the constituent corporations, with all the rights attached thereto, into shares of the resulting corporation. The rights and dividends on cumulative preferred stock is a right attached to the shares. The language of the merger statute, with its right of stock appraisement and payment in cash and withdrawal from the enterprise, permits of no reasonable doubt that a retrospective operation was intended. There is no conflict between this case and Consolidated Film Industries v. Johnson, 22 Del. Ch. 407, 197 A. 489. The statute involved in the cited case was of such a different nature and purpose from the statute now considered that there is no necessary relation between the two.
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CASELAW
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Kennett Love
Kennett Farrar Potter Love (August 17, 1924 – May 13, 2013) was an American journalist for The New York Times.
Early life
Love was born in St. Louis, Missouri on August 17, 1924, to Mary Chauncey (née Potter) Love and John Allan Love, founder of Prudential Savings of St. Louis.
He attended John Burroughs School and Princeton University, receiving an Associate in Arts degree, before serving (1943-1946) as a pilot in the Navy Air Corps during World War II.
In 1946, he married Marie Felicité Pratt (1926–2002), a granddaughter of John Teele Pratt and great-granddaughter of Charles Pratt, Pratt Institute founder, with whom he had two daughters, Mary and Suzanna, and two sons, John and Nicholas.
Love received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia College in 1948.
Career
In 1948, after finishing college, Love began working as a reporter for The Hudson-Dispatch, a newspaper in Union City, New Jersey before joining The New York Times in 1948, working in the morgue before becoming a newspaper reporter in 1950.
As a foreign correspondent, his assignments included coverage of activities in the Middle East, East Africa, West Africa and Europe.
In 1953, Love wrote about the CIA-orchestrated plot to overthrow Iran’s democratically elected prime minister. Love and a reporter for The Associated Press wrote about the decrees signed by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi that called for Fazlollah Zahedi to replace Mohammad Mosaddegh. The release of the decrees, which helped legitimize the coup, was engineered by the CIA.
In 1954, when he was based in Cairo, Love wrote front-page articles about the discovery of a 50-foot boat that had been intended to convey the spirit of the pharaoh Cheops to the underworld.
In 1962, Love left The New York Times for the first national monthly news magazine, USA * 1: Monthly News & Current History, its editors included Lewis H. Lapham and Robert K. Massie.
Between 1963 and 1964, Love served as a Peace Corps Planner-Evaluator in Ethiopia, Morocco, Tunisia and in training centers in the United States.
Between 1964 and 1968, Love was an associate professor at Princeton University's School of Oriental Studies.
Between 1971 and 1973, Love was a professor of journalism at the American University in Cairo, and served as a Cairo correspondent for ABC News. Love was a correspondent and contributor for broadcaster CBS.
In 1974 Love began a career as a free-lance writer, editor and photographer.
In 1980, someone found a copy of Love’s 1960 term paper, for a professor at Princeton, in the sealed archives of Allen Dulles, and leaked it to CounterSpy, who accused Love of having been a CIA agent. He denied it.
In 1984, Love denied helping the CIA with the 1953 Iran coup, while working for The New York Times, suing Wall Street Journal reporter Jonathan Kwitny, until, at least, 1993. District Judge Mukasey found that Love's manuscript "suggested strongly that he may have played a role" in the coup.
Love was a contributor to the publications New York Times Magazine, Washington Monthly, and Middle East Journal, and others.
Love began research and interviews for a history of the 1953 coup in Iran.
Awards
* eight-time winner of the Publisher's Writing Prize.
* 1959–1960 Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations
Personal life
Kennett Love was named for the surname of an ancestor, Congressman Luther Martin Kennett. Love's siblings were John Allan Love, Jr., Mary Lehmann, Deborah Deacon Pollock Matthiessen, Cynthia Brooks Roth, and Nathalie Chauncey Pierrepont Love. Deborah was the wife of novelist Peter Matthiessen. Love was a great-grandson of Episcopal Bishop Horatio Potter, descended from Rhode Island Colony founders Roger Williams (1603-1683) and William Arnold (1587-c.1676), and from Dr. Bernard Gaines Farrar (1784-1849) of St. Louis.
In 1946, Love married Marie Felicité Pratt, and in 1973, Melinda Elisabeth Reed, and his partner in his final decades was Blair Seagram.
Love was a sailor, who taught celestial navigation at the East Hampton Marine Museum. In 1983, sailed from Sag Harbor to Dark Harbor, Me., in an 18-ft. ketch-rigged open skiff. He made ocean voyages in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Caribbean and Pacific in yachts.
Love designed several buildings, including a house in Sag Harbor and a house in East Hampton.
Death
Kennett Love died on May 13, 2013, of a respiratory failure at his home in Southampton, New York, aged 88, survived by his daughters, Mary Christy Love Sadron and Suzanna Potter Love; two sons, John and Nicholas; two sisters, Mary Lehmann and Nathalie Love; a niece, Rue Matthiessen Shaughnessy; a nephew, Alex Matthiessen; and five grandchildren.
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WIKI
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User:Gundaveni Parameshwar
I'm Parameshwar, born in May 25th, 1991, my parents are laxmimallaiah, my wife Swathi Parameshwar, I have a complete life,
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WIKI
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User:Gunner Peters
Gunner Peters was an alias created by Michael J. Garcia in early 2012. To coincide with the creation of his studio Tea Time Entertainment Group, LLC. A spoofing medium that used puppets, and blue comedy to poke fun at celebrities. The website http://www.TeaTimeEntertainment.com sold DVD's associated with Video@11 episodes. A news programme hosted by puppets about celebrities. These videos are no longer sold. Tea Time Entertainment Group, LLC registered articles of incorporation with the State of Nevada in May 2014; then moved to the Las Vegas, NV area in mid 2015. In September 2015 Tea Time Entertainment Group, LLC became an online adult entertainment business. Tea Time Entertainment Group, LLC presently owns the TeaTimeEntertainment.com website. Plus, HornyVegas.net; PayoutGaming.com, and DstHoes.com websites.
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WIKI
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What were Catholics called who refused to attend the new church services?
Recusant, English Roman Catholic from the period about 1570 to 1791 who refused to attend services of the Church of England and thereby committed a statutory offense.
What was the Recusancy Act 1587?
Recusancy Act 1587: 2/3rds of the land owned by a recusant was taken away. Even wealthy Catholics were now forced into debt. Act Restraining Recusants 1593: Catholics were forced to stay within 5 miles of their homes and banned from large gatherings. … Wrong people: Catholic priests focused on the wealthy and gentry.
What was the initial fine for a recusant?
The recusant was to be fined £60 or to forfeit two-thirds of his land if he did not receive the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper at least once a year in his Church of England parish church. The Act also made it high treason to obey the authority of Rome rather than the King.
When did people stop being fined for not going to church?
The “1558 Recusancy Acts” began during the reign of Elizabeth I, and while temporarily repealed during the Interregnum (1649–1660), remained on the statute books until 1888. They imposed punishment such as fines, property confiscation, and imprisonment on those who did not participate in Anglican religious activity.
Why were Catholics not happy with the religious settlement?
Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth’s Settlement. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth’s sister, and they were now being asked to change or deny their beliefs. Many couldn’t make this compromise and left to live in exile abroad. Others grudgingly accepted the new regime.
What was the act of persuasions?
Firstly, the Act of Persuasions passed in 1581 raised the fine which recusants had to pay and allowed the imprisonment of recusants. The Act against Priests was also passed in 1585 and allowed the death penalty for anyone shielding Catholic priests.
What was the key reason the Throckmorton plot failed?
Under torture, Throckmorton confessed to his role in a plot to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots. He claimed that the plot was not well advanced, mainly because Philip II had not yet provided the finance for the proposed invasion.
When was the Catholic Church banned in England?
1.1 Reformation to 1790
The Catholic Mass became illegal in England in 1559, under Queen Elizabeth I’s Act of Uniformity. Thereafter Catholic observance became a furtive and dangerous affair, with heavy penalties levied on those, known as recusants, who refused to attend Anglican church services.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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[SI-8899] Scalatra existing builds suffer java.lang.AbstractMethodError with Scala 2.11.3 Created: 12/Oct/14 Updated: 04/Nov/14 Resolved: 04/Nov/14
Status: CLOSED
Project: Scala Programming Language
Component/s: None
Affects Version/s: Scala 2.11.3
Fix Version/s: Scala 2.11.4
Type: Bug Priority: Blocker
Reporter: Kazuhiro Sera Assignee: Lukas Rytz
Resolution: Fixed Votes: 3
Labels: None
Environment:
Scala 2.11.3
Description
Scalatra 2.3.0 works fine on Scala 2.11.0 , 2.11.1 and 2.11.2. However, it suffers java.lang.AbstractMethodError with Scala 2.11.3.
2014-10-12 12:30:50,627 ERROR [qtp1562951302-64] controller.Controllers$members$ org.scalatra.ScalatraParams.filterImpl(Lscala/Function1;Z)Ljava/lang/Object;
java.lang.AbstractMethodError: org.scalatra.ScalatraParams.filterImpl(Lscala/Function1;Z)Ljava/lang/Object;
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.filter(TraversableLike.scala:270) ~[scala-library-2.11.3.jar:na]
at org.scalatra.ScalatraParams.filter(ScalatraContext.scala:9) ~[scalatra_2.11-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
at skinny.StrongParameters.permit(StrongParameters.scala:18) ~[skinny-common_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at skinny.controller.Params.permit(Params.scala:46) ~[skinny-framework_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at skinny.controller.SkinnyResourceActions$$anonfun$createResource$1.apply(SkinnyResourceActions.scala:139) ~[skinny-framework_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at skinny.controller.SkinnyControllerBase$class.withFormat(SkinnyControllerBase.scala:108) ~[skinny-framework_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at skinny.controller.SkinnyController.withFormat(SkinnyController.scala:6) [skinny-framework_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at skinny.controller.SkinnyResourceActions$class.createResource(SkinnyResourceActions.scala:135) ~[skinny-framework_2.11-1.3.3.jar:1.3.3]
at controller.MembersController.createResource(MembersController.scala:8) ~[classes/:na]
I just tried Scalatra builds with the 2.11.3 compiler. They works fine.
See also for details:
https://github.com/skinny-framework/skinny-framework/issues/193
Comments
Comment by Jason Zaugg [ 12/Oct/14 ]
Lukas, looks like this stems from 9276a1205f74fdec74206209712831913e93f359. Did we reason incorrectly about the binary compatibilty of that change?
Comment by kenji yoshida [ 12/Oct/14 ]
more simple example
https://github.com/xuwei-k/SI-8899
Comment by Takashi Kawachi [ 12/Oct/14 ]
As kenji shown in the sample code, it's not specific to Scalatra. It seems to be caused when it extends standard collection.
Comment by kenji yoshida [ 12/Oct/14 ]
another examples
Comment by kenji yoshida [ 12/Oct/14 ]
also https://github.com/playframework/playframework/blob/2.3.5/framework/src/play/src/main/scala/play/api/mvc/Http.scala#L683
Comment by Grzegorz Kossakowski [ 12/Oct/14 ]
The related PR is: https://github.com/scala/scala/pull/3949
Comment by Lukas Rytz [ 12/Oct/14 ]
Making filterImpl non-private in PR #3949 was indeed not binary compatible. The problem is that making a trait method non-private changes its calling convention. Here's an example:
trait Tl {
private def f1Impl = 0
def f1 = f1Impl
private[p] def f2Impl = 0
def f2 = f2Impl
}
class Mp extends Tl
The point is that the invocation of f1Impl is statically known. So the compiler optimizes it and directly invokes the static method f1Impl in the trait implementation class Tl$class.
Method f2Impl on the other hand may be overwritten in subclasses of Tl, therefore the invocation is compiled as an invoke-interface of the method f2Impl in interface Tl. In the subclass Mp, a mixin is generated for f2Impl.
public abstract interface p/Tl {
// NOTE: f1Impl is missing - it's private!
public abstract f1()I
public abstract f2Impl()I
public abstract f2()I
}
public abstract class p/Tl$class {
private static f1Impl(Lp/Tl;)I
public static f1(Lp/Tl;)I
ALOAD 0
INVOKESTATIC p/Tl$class.f1Impl (Lp/Tl;)I // Directly invokes the static method
public static f2Impl(Lp/Tl;)I
public static f2(Lp/Tl;)I
ALOAD 0
INVOKEINTERFACE p/Tl.f2Impl ()I // Interface method
}
public class p/Mp implements p/Tl {
// generated mixins (forward to the static functions in Tl$class)
public f1()I
public f2Impl()I
public f2()I
}
The manifestation: subclasses of TraversableLike compiled with 2.11.2 don't have a mixin for filterImpl, but the standard library of 2.11.3 invokes the interface method.
Comment by Lukas Rytz [ 12/Oct/14 ]
https://github.com/scala/scala/pull/4048
Comment by Paolo G. Giarrusso [ 15/Oct/14 ]
If anybody is wondering (like me) why MIMA didn't catch it, don't worry, MIMA is fine:
https://github.com/lrytz/scala/commit/9276a1205f74fdec74206209712831913e93f359
The corresponding mima-failures can be whitelisted, as the changes are only to private[scala].
Generated at Wed Feb 21 00:37:31 CET 2018 using JIRA 7.0.11#70121-sha1:19d24976997c1d95f06f3e327e087be0b71f28d4.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Strange Interlude (1928).djvu/78
72
in the previous scene while ''is in her father’s place and she stops where she had been. There is a pause. Then just as each of the men is about to speak, she answers as if they had ashed a question'']
[In a queer flat voice]
Yes, he’s dead—my father—whose passion created me—who began me—he is ended. There is only his end living—his death. It lives now to draw nearer me, to draw me nearer, to become my end!
[Then with a strange twisted smile]
How we poor monkeys hide from ourselves behind the sounds called words!
[Thinking frightenedly]
How terrible she is! who is she? not my Nina!
[As if to reassure himself—timidly]
Nina!
[ ''makes an impatient gesture for him to let her go on. What she is saying interests him and he feels talking it out will do her good. She looks at for a moment startledly as if she couldn’t recognize him'']
What?
[Then placing him—with real affection that is like a galling goad to him]
Dear old Charlie!
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WIKI
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Export to Word (http://www.niehs.nih.gov//portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.grantdetail&&grant_number=R21ES033806&format=word)
Principal Investigator: Sahu, Ravi Prakash
Institute Receiving Award Wright State University
Location Dayton, OH
Grant Number R21ES033806
Funding Organization National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Award Funding Period 01 Sep 2022 to 31 Aug 2024
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract Humans are subjected daily to multiple and often simultaneous environmental stressors. Yet the complex interaction of these agents remains an understudied area. Notably, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has profound effects on the skin and generates systemic consequences from fever to immunosuppression to vitamin D production. The ability of UVR to act as both immunosuppressant and mutagen allows this environmental agent to become a complete carcinogen and is the cause for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. Besides, environmental pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous and exert immunomodulatory as well as pro-carcinogenic effects, in great part via acting as agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, there is a significant knowledge gap of interactions between UVR and pollutants. In particular, as UVB only penetrates the epidermis, a major question in photobiology is how UVB-treated skin sends systemic signals. Recent studies have indicated that small membrane-bound vesicles known as microvesicle particles (MVP) released from cells in response to various stressors can act as potent signaling agents due to their ability to carry nuclear and cytoplasmic components. We have demonstrated that UVB (not UVA) generates MVP release from epithelial cells and skin, which could provide a potential mechanism for UVB-mediated systemic signaling. Our group and others have shown that UVB (not UVA) generates high levels of the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF) produced enzymatically and oxidized PAF agonists produced non-enzymatically via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies using PAFR-expressing/null cell lines and pharmacologic/genetic inhibition of ROS, and the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) have implicated the involvement of the PAF-receptor (PAFR) signaling resulting in aSMase activation in UVB generated MVP (UVB-MVP). We provide evidence that UVB-MVP carry bioactive PAF agonists, which we hypothesize mediate the delayed immunosuppressive effects of UVB. Importantly, we discovered that the PAH Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) interaction with UVB releases high levels of UVB-MVP and generate increased levels of PAF agonists. Two aims are planned to test the hypothesis that BaP+UVR (UVA vs UVB) results in a synergistic production of ROS that generate PAF and UVR-MVP resulting in enhanced systemic immunosuppression in an AHR-independent manner. Aim 1 will use in vitro cell lines, ex vivo skin explants and in vivo murine genetic and pharmacologic models to determine the mechanisms of BaP augmentation of UVB-MVP and PAF generation as well as define PAFR role in BaP synergy with UVR using a simulated solar light (SSL) source that emits both UVA and UVB fluences. Aim 2 will define the roles of enhanced UVB-MVP generation by BaP and the involvement of Tregs and cytokines, including IL-10 and TGFβ in delayed immunosuppressive effects. Successful completion of this project will (i) define a novel mechanism by which a PAH pollutant can augment UVR-induced effects; and ii) address an important question in photobiology as to how a keratinocyte-specific stimulus can generate systemic signaling effects.
Science Code(s)/Area of Science(s) Primary: 52 - Immunology/Immunotoxicology
Secondary: 03 - Carcinogenesis/Cell Transformation
Publications See publications associated with this Grant.
Program Officer Michael Humble
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 23.djvu/493
Rh phratry, with clans Little Turtle, Mud Turtle, Great Turtle, Yellow Eel; Turkey phratry, with clans Turkey, Crane, Chicken. Here we are almost forced to conclude that the Turtle phratry was origin ally a Turtle clan which subdivided into a number of clans, each of which took the name of a particular kind of turtle, while the Yellow Eel clau may have been a later subdivision. Thus we get a probable explanation of the origin of split totems; they seem to have arisen by the segmentation of a single original clan, which had a whole animal for its totem, into a number of clans, each of which took the name either of a part of the original animal or of a subspecies of it. "We may conjecture that this was the origin of the Grey Wolf and Yellow Wolf and Great Turtle and Little Turtle clans of the Tuscarora-Iroquois; the Black Eagle and White Eagle and the Deer and Deer-Tail clans of the Raws; and of the Highland Turtle (striped), Highland Turtle (black), Mud Turtle, and Smooth Large Turtle clans of the Wyandots (Hurons). Warren actually states that the numerous Bear clan of the Ojibways was formerly subdivided into subclans, each of which took for its totem some part of the Bear's body (head, foot, ribs, &c.), but that these have now merged into two, the Common Bear and the Grizzly Bear. The subdivision of the Turtle (Tortoise) clan, which on this hypo thesis has taken place among the Tuscarora-Iroquois, is nascent among the Onondaga-Iroquois, for among them "the name of this clan is Hahnowa, which is the general word for tortoise; but the clan is divided into two septs or subdivisions, the Hanyatengona, or Great Tortoise, and the Nikahnowaksa, or Little Tortoise, which together are held to constitute but one clan. "
On the other hand, fusion of clans is known to have taken place, as among the Haidas, where the Black Bear and Fin-Whale clans have united; and the same thing has happened to some extent among the Omahas and Osages.
In Australia the phratries are still more important than in America. Messrs Howitt and Fison, who have done so much to advance our knowledge of the social system of the Australian aborigines, have given to these exogamous divisions the name of classes; but the term is objection able, because it fails to convey (1) that these divisions are kinship divisions, and (2) that they are intermediate divisions; whereas the Greek term phratry conveys both these meanings, and is therefore appropriate. We have seen examples of Australian tribes in which members of any clan are free to marry members of any clan but their own; but such tribes appear to be excep tional. Often an Australian tribe is divided into two (exogamous) phratries, each of which includes under it a number of totem clans; and of tener still there are subphratries interposed between the phratry and the clans, each phratry including two subphratries, and the subphratries including totem clans. We will take examples of the former and simpler organization first.
The Turra tribe in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, is divided into two phratries, Wiltu (Eaglehawk) and Miilta (Seal). The Eaglehawk phratry includes ten totem clans (Wombat, Wallaby, Kangaroo, Iguana, Wombat-Snake, Bandicoot, Black Bandicoot, Crow, Rock Wallaby, and Emu); and the Seal phratry includes six (Wild Goose, Butterfish, Mullet, Schnapper, Shark, and Salmon). The phratries are of course exogamous, but (as with the Choctaws, Mohegan, and, so far as appears, all the American phratries) any clan of the one phratry may intermarry with any clan of the other phratry. But the typical Australian tribe is divided into two exogamous phratries; each of these phratries is subdivided into two subphratries; and these subphratries are subdivided into an indefinite number of totem clans. The phratries being exogamous, it follows that their subdivisions (the subphratries and clans) are so also. The well-known Kamilaroi tribe in New South Wales will serve as an example. Its subdivisions are as follows: —
Phratries. Subphratries. Totem Clans. Dilbi. Kupathin. Muri. Kubi. Ipai. Kumbo. Kangaroo, Opossum, Bandicoot, Padimelon, Iguana, Black Duck, Eaglehawk. Scrub Turkey, Yellow-Fish, Honey-Fish, Bream. Emu, Cai pet-Snake, Black Snake, Ked Kangaroo, Honey, Walieroo, Frog, Cod-Fish.
In such tribes the freedom of marriage is still more curtailed. A subphratry is not free to marry into either snbphratry of the other phratry; each subphratry is restricted in its choice of partners to one subphratry of the other phratry; Muri can only marry Kumbo, and vice versa; Kubi can only marry Ipai, and vice versa. Hence (supposing the tribe to be equally distributed between the phratries and subphratries), whereas under the two phratry and clan system a man is free to choose a wife from half the women of the tribe, under the phratry, subphratry, and clan system he is restricted in his choice to one quarter of the women.
A remarkable feature of the Australian social organization is that divisions of one tribe have their recognized equivalents in other tribes, whose languages, including the names for the tribal divisions, are quite different. A native who travelled far and wide through Australia stated that " he was furnished with temporary wives by the various tribes with whom he sojourned in his travels; that his right to these women was recognized as a matter of course; and that he could always ascertain whether they belonged to the division into which he could legally marry, though the places were 1000 miles apart, and the languages quite different. " Again, it is said that " in cases of distant tribes it can be shown that the class divisions correspond with each other, as for instance in the classes of the Flinders river and Mitchell river tribes; and these tribes are separated by 400 miles of country, and by many intervening tribes. But, for all that, class corresponds to class in fact and in meaning and in privileges, although the name may be quite different and the totems of each dissimilar." Particular information, however, as to the equivalent divisions is very scanty. This systematic correspondence between the intermarrying divisions of distinct and distant tribes, with the rights which it conveys to the members of these divisions, points to sexual communism on a scale to which there is perhaps no parallel elsewhere, certainly not in North America, where marriage is always within the tribe, though outside the clan. But even in Australia a man is always bound to marry within a certain kinship group; that group may extend across the whole of Australia, but nevertheless it is exactly limited and defined. If endogamy is used in the sense of prohibition to marry outside of a certain kinship group, whether that group be exclusive of, inclusive of, or identical with the man's own group, then marriage among the totem societies of Australia, America, and India is both exogamous and endogamous; a man is forbidden to marry either within his own clan or outside of a certain kinship group.
(3) Rules of Descent.—In a large majority of the totem tribes at present known to us in Australia and North America descent is in the female line; i.e., the children belong to the totem clan of their mother, not to that of their father. In Australia the proportion of tribes with female to those with male descent is as four to one; in America it is between three and two to one.
As to the totem tribes of Africa, descent among the Damaras is in the female line, and there are traces of female kin among the Bechuanas. Among the Bakalai property descends in the male line, but this is not a conclusive proof that descent is so reckoned; all the clans in the neighbourhood of the Bakalai have female descent both for blood and property. In Bengal, where there is a considerable body of totem tribes, Mr Risley says that after careful search he and his coadjutors have found no tribe with female descent, and only a single trace of it in one. Among the totem
Rh
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WIKI
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Talk:IEC 61508
Jargon seems ok to me it is accrurate and correct terminology.
Are we sure the demand mode classification is correct? I'm reading a spec sheet for a stop button classifying low demand sil 2 as 10-6 to 10-7 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:03, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
=TERMS= What does E/E/PES mean? provide link or define. Garykempen (talk) 20:20, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
* It's in the first line "electrical/electronic/programmable electronic".--InstEng (talk) 11:31, 31 July 2010 (UTC)
=Avionics= What about RTCA/DO-178? DO-178B — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:13, 5 June 2013 (UTC)
Histoty of this ISO standard ?
From where is this standard born ? A bit of history ?
--AXRL (talk) 16:34, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
* I am planning to write. Here is one source:
* Dimawik (talk) 07:19, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
* Dimawik (talk) 07:19, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
Categories of likelihood of occurrence
I doubt if the description of the occurrence matches the displayed frequencies. "Occasional: Once in system lifetime: 10^−4 to 10^−5" How is one in ten thousand per year equal to once in a system life time? I'd say a system lifetime is in the order of magnitude of 20 years. Once in its lifetime would thus give a frequency of 1/20 per year -> 10^-1 to 10^-2 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:20, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
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Maryke Hendrikse
Marÿke Hendrikse (born February 23, 1979) is a Bahamian–born Canadian voice actress who works primarily for Ocean Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She has played several roles in anime, most notably Revy in Black Lagoon and Lunamaria Hawke in Gundam Seed Destiny. She is also known for her roles as Susan Test in Johnny Test, Gilda in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Sonata Dusk in My Little Pony: Equestria Girls and Yasmin in the Bratz franchise.
History
Maryke was born in the Bahamas before she emigrated to Canada when she was 2 and a half years old, settling in Toronto. She was the first graduate from the alternative high school program Interact.
In 2008, she received the Elan Award for ‘Best Female Voice Over in an Animated Feature or TV Production’ for her role on Johnny Test.
She graduated from Douglas College in 2010 with a Child and Youth Care diploma, having a GPA of 4.15 out of a possible 4.33 that earned her a Governor General's Bronze Medal.
Roles
Anime
* Gintama° (TV) as Momochi Rappa
* Powerpuff Girls Z (TV) as Bubbles/Arturo (Weevil)
* Project ARMS as Kei Kuruma
* Black Lagoon as Revy
* Hikaru no Go (TV) as Mitani's Sister
* Inuyasha (TV) as Tsukiyomi (Episodes 139, 140)
* Mobile Suit Gundam Seed Destiny (TV) as Lunamaria Hawke
* Mobile Suit Gundam 00 as Wang Liu Mei
* Majokko Tsukune-chan (TV) as Tsukune
* MegaMan NT Warrior (TV) as Anetta
* Transformers: Cybertron (TV) as Thunderblast
* .hack//Roots (TV) as Tabby
* The Girl Who Leapt Through Time as Sekimi Nowake
* Zoids Wild as Battalia
Non-anime
* 16 Hudson as Lola
* 6teen as Hot Dog Vendor (1 episode)
* The Barefoot Bandits as Molly Moa (Canadian dub)
* Beat Bugs as Milli Pede
* ''The Berenstain Bears as Hillary
* Blaster's Universe as G.C.
* Braceface as Genesis
* Bratz as Yasmin (season 2)
* Chip and Potato as Mrs. Whale
* Class of the Titans as Echo (episode 1.25: The Last Word)
* Dinosaur Train as Penelope the Protoceratops (1 episode)
* Dinotrux as Zera the Dozeratops (1 episode)
* Enchantimals as Bree Bunny, Twist Bunny
* Exchange Student Zero as Ms. Dunwall, Librarian
* George Shrinks as Helga
* Holly Hobbie & Friends as Amy, Carrie (Episode 5 & 6)
* Johnny Test as Susan Test, Jillian Vegan, Mrs. Crabapple, New Girl
* Johnny Test (2021 TV series) as Susan Test, Little Girl, Nurse, Scream, Local Roman, Staffer, Lucha Mom, Billy's Mom, Scream (2), Unicorn, Sad Pet Owner, Maid Marian, Boy Kid, Kid 1, Cosplay Girl, Gamer Kid, Mega Bon-Bon
* Journey to GloE as Meowskirs
* Kate & Mim-Mim as Kate and Boomer
* Lego Nexo Knights as Ava Prentis, Brickney Spears
* Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu as Chamille
* The Little Prince as Kimi, Breeze (episodes 42-44 "La planète des Bamalias" arc)
* Littlest Pet Shop: A World of Our Own as Bree Lahuahua, Owl
* LoliRock as Debra
* Maryoku Yummy - Ooka
* Moville Mysteries as Marigold, Hannah Holston, Mirror, Betty Butterworth
* My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic as Gilda (2 episodes, 2010 and 2015)
* My Secret Identity as Brooke (episode 2.23: More Than Meets the Eye)
* Mythic Warriors: Guardians of the Legend as 1st Village Girl (Phaeton: The Chariot of Fire)
* Pirate Express as Shelly & Shelli, Andromeda
* Polly Pocket as Pamela Pocket, Paxton Pocket, Peaches Pocket, Melody, Ms. Mense, Lindsey, Referee
* Poochini's Yard as Brenda, Additional Voices
* Rescue Heroes as Princess (1 episode)
* Rev & Roll as Bo, Townsperson #1, Avery's Mom, Little Girl, Axle Anne
* Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch as Amy, Londa
* Slugterra as Dana Por
* StarBeam as Miserable Marla
* Superbook as Charlie, Ruth, Fortune Teller
* Supernoobs as Amy Anderson, School Principal Warmerammer, Secretary Hedies, Ms. Blooth, Female Hiker, Cheerleader, Ms. Bowman, Blasteroid Representative, Old Lady, Tyler's Mom
* Sushi Pack as Hideki
* Tara Duncan as Sandra Leylocke
* Totally Spies! as Stacy, Additional Voices
* Tutenstein as Tutankhsetamun (season 2)
Movies
* Barbie & her Sisters In A Puppy Chase (2016) as Spirit
* Barbie and the Diamond Castle (2008) as Melody
* Barbie: A Fashion Fairytale (2010) as Teresa, Incidental 1
* Barbie: A Perfect Christmas (2011) as Christie Clauson, Ivy Elif
* The Barbie Diaries (2006) as Reagen
* Barbie: Dolphin Magic (2017) as Marlo
* Barbie in A Mermaid Tale (2010) as Hadley
* Barbie in A Mermaid Tale 2 (2012) as Hadley
* Barbie: Mariposa and the Fairy Princess (2013) as Princess Catania
* Betsy Bubblegum's Journey Through Yummi-Land (2007) as Taffy Taryn
* Bob's Broken Sleigh (2015) as Muffin
* Bratz Babyz Save Christmas (2008) as Yasmin
* Bratz Babyz: The Movie (2006) as Yasmin
* Bratz: Desert Jewelz (2012) as Yasmin
* Bratz Fashion Pixiez (2007) as Yasmin
* Bratz Girlz Really Rock (2008) as Yasmin
* Bratz: Pampered Petz (2010) as Yasmin
* Bratz Super Babyz (2007) as Yasmin
* My Little Pony: A Very Pony Place (2007) as Brights Brightly
* My Little Pony Crystal Princess: The Runaway Rainbow (2006) as Brights Brightly, Breezie A
* My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks (2014) and My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Sunset's Backstage Pass (2019) as Sonata Dusk
* Sausage Party (2016) as Popped Cherry Mixer, Plum #1, Loretta Bun, Frozen Fruitz
* The Legend of Silk Boy as Tour Guide Tammy
Video games
* Dreamfall: The Longest Journey (2006) (as Maryke Hendrickse) as Lucia the Watilla/Sam Gilmore
* Bratz Girls Really Rock (2008) as Yasmin
* Dynasty Warriors: Gundam 2 (2009) as Lunamaria Hawke
* Dynasty Warriors: Gundam 3 (2011) as Lunamaria Hawke
* Dragalia Lost (2018) as Sarisse
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Animals >>
Humpback Whale
Humpback Whale Facts
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
OrderCetacea
FamilyBalaenopteridae
GenusMegaptera
Scientific NameMegaptera Novaeangliae
TypeMammal
DietOmnivore
Size12-16m (39-52ft)
Weight36,000-99,800kg (40-100tons)
Top Speed17km/h (11mph)
Life Span50-60 years
LifestyleHerd
Conservation StatusLeast Concern
ColourBlack, white, grey
Skin TypeSmooth
Favourite FoodKrill
HabitatOpen ocean and coastal regions
Average Litter Size1
Main PreyKrill, Crab, Fish
PredatorsHuman, Killer Whale
Special FeaturesLong fins and wide, flat head
Humpback Whale Location
Map of Humpback Whale Locations
Humpback Whale
The humpback whale is one of the bigger species of whale with the average adult humpback whale measuring more than 15m long (thats still about half the size of the blue whale).
Humpback whales are found in all of the main oceans worldwide, but the humpback whales tend to stay in three main herds, the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Indian Ocean herds. There were once thought to be less than 15,000 humpback whale individuals left in the wild, with the humpback whale population declining by nearly 90% when whale hunting became popular with humans, meaning that the humpback whale was on the verge of extinction. Since new whaling laws have been put into place the humpback whale population has been allowed to grow again and today there are believed to be roughly 80,000 humpback whale individuals left in the wild.
The humpback whales spend the summer months in the colder, polar waters and then the humpback whales migrate south in the winter to the warmer tropical waters where the humpback whales live off their fat reserves until they migrate north again in the summer. The average humpback whale can travel to around 25,000 km every year when the humpback whale migrates between the north and the south.
Humpback whale mothers tend to give birth to their young during the winter months when the humpback whales are in the warmer, southern waters. The humpback whale mother feeds her calf on the milk that she produces but this means that the humpback mother is often very week when she returns to the colder, northern waters in the summer as the humpback whale mother often will not have eaten since the migration south months before.
The humpback whale is a species of Baleen whale and is thought to be closely related to the blue whale and the minke whale. As the humpback whale is a type of Baleen whale, this means that the humpback whale has rows of plates in the enormous mouth of the humpback whale, which the humpback whale uses to filter small particles of food out of the water. The humpback whale therefore does not have teeth.
Humpback whales primarily feed off krill and plankton that are present in their billions in richer waters. The humpback whale will also eat small fish and crabs that get taken into the vast mouth of the humpback whale when the humpback whale is filtering large amounts of water in order to extract the nutrients from it.
The humpback whale has not one but two blow holes, which are located on the top of the humpback whales head. The blow holes of the humpback whale enable the humpback whale to breathe in air on the surface of the water. Humpback whales spout (breathe) around 1-2 times per minute when the humpback whale is resting, and 4-8 times per minutes after the humpback whale has made a deep dive into the ocean. The blow of the humpback whale is a double stream of spray that rises between 3 and 4 meters into the air above the surface of the water.
Humpback whales are often seen migrating together in large pods but the relationships between groups of humpback whales are thought to be temporary and only last for a number of days. Humpback whales are also highly acrobatic animals and are often a favourite with whale watchers as the humpback whales can launch themselves high above the surface of the water.
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mowmentum Magazine
The result was delete. -- Cirt (talk) 00:05, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
Mowmentum Magazine
* – ( View AfD View log • )
Prod removed by author, no independent, verifiable sources to back up notability. Fiftytwo thirty (talk) 20:38, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - seemingly non-notable magazine. According to it's website it's only produced two magazines last year, and now appears to be defunct. No claims of notability and no third party sources to support notability. Shouldn't be a factor for the deletion, but there seems to be a campaign to promote it across Wikipedia as I've had to remove links to it from many inappropriate pages. Canterbury Tail talk 21:54, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete: I can't find significant coverage for this magazine. Joe Chill (talk) 22:21, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Literature-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 00:11, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
* [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px]] Delete — Nor can I. m o ɳ o 00:14, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
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User:Margaretbhanna/Choose an Article
Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.
Option 1
* Article title: Regenerative agriculture
* Article Evaluation
* - Class C
* - recent sources
* - recently edited
* - many article links
* - many sentences missing citations
* - Article could have better flow
* - Practices section could look better
* Sources
* Gordon, E., Davila, F., & Riedy, C. (2022). Transforming landscapes and mindscapes through regenerative agriculture. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES, 39 (2), 809–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10276-0
* Sources
* Gordon, E., Davila, F., & Riedy, C. (2022). Transforming landscapes and mindscapes through regenerative agriculture. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES, 39 (2), 809–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10276-0
'''Newton, P., Civita, N., Frankel-Goldwater, L., Bartel, K., & Johns, C. (2020). What Is Regenerative Agriculture? A Review of Scholar and Practitioner Definitions Based on Processes and Outcomes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.577723 '''
Option 2
* Article title: Environmental impact of fishing
* Article Evaluation
* - Class S
* - Several topics could be elaborated on
* - Many sentences lack citations
* Sources
* Holland, D. S. (2007). Managing environmental impacts of fishing: input controls versus outcome-oriented approaches. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 7(2-3), 255-272.
* Chuenpagdee, R., Morgan, L. E., Maxwell, S. M., Norse, E. A., & Pauly, D. (2003). Shifting gears: assessing collateral impacts of fishing methods in US waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1(10), 517-524.
* Holland, D. S. (2007). Managing environmental impacts of fishing: input controls versus outcome-oriented approaches. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 7(2-3), 255-272.
* Chuenpagdee, R., Morgan, L. E., Maxwell, S. M., Norse, E. A., & Pauly, D. (2003). Shifting gears: assessing collateral impacts of fishing methods in US waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1(10), 517-524.
* Chuenpagdee, R., Morgan, L. E., Maxwell, S. M., Norse, E. A., & Pauly, D. (2003). Shifting gears: assessing collateral impacts of fishing methods in US waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1(10), 517-524.
Option 3
* Article title: Bioenergy
* Article Evaluation
* - lots of debate on the talk page
* - lack of sources
* - some sections could be elaborated
* Sources
* Sources
* Sources
Option 4
* Article title: Farm water
* Article Evaluation
* - Class S
* - many sentences lack citations!!
* - nice sections and article flow
* - nice use of images but should be checked for copyright
* - certain sections could be elaborated on
* Sources
* Sohail, M., Mustafa, S., Ali, M., & Riaz, S. (2022). Agricultural Communities’ Risk Assessment and the Effects of Climate Change: A Pathway Toward Green Productivity and Sustainable Development. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 10 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.948016
* Sources
* Sohail, M., Mustafa, S., Ali, M., & Riaz, S. (2022). Agricultural Communities’ Risk Assessment and the Effects of Climate Change: A Pathway Toward Green Productivity and Sustainable Development. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 10 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.948016
Option 5
* Article title: Lemna minor
* Article Evaluation
* - many sentences lack citations
* - sections can be greatly elaborated to discuss the potential of this plant
* - part of a WikiProject - rated mid-importance
* Sources
* Putra, A., Ritonga, M., & IOP. (2018). Effectiveness duckweed (Lemna minor) as an alternative native chicken feed native chicken (Gallus domesticus) (WOS:000445900200124). 122 . https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012124
* Sources
* Putra, A., Ritonga, M., & IOP. (2018). Effectiveness duckweed (Lemna minor) as an alternative native chicken feed native chicken (Gallus domesticus) (WOS:000445900200124). 122 . https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012124
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bayonetting
Alternative forms
* (US) bayoneting
Noun
* 1) A stabbing with a bayonet.
* 2) Overlap of fracture fragments in a longbone fracture resulting in shortening of the extremity.
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WIKI
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Tag Archives: letting go
German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)
German chamomile
German chamomile is best known for easing the pain and inflammation of red, itchy skin but she also has lesser known spiritual and emotional benefits too.
Family: Asteraceae, Compositae
Synonyms: Blue chamomile, Hungarian chamomile
Aroma: The steam distilled oil has a sweeter, fruitier aroma than the CO2 exacted oil which smells more like newly mown grass.
Colour: Blue if steam distilled, yellowish green if CO2 extracted
German chamomilePlant: An annual herb that grows up to 60cm tall with a hairless, erect branching system. The flower has a dark yellow to orange dome shape centre with the flower head being 1.5cm broad with 15 to 18 white strap shape petals that drop downward.
Main Growing Areas: Native to Europe and Western Asia, Hungry, France
Major Constituents: Farnesene, chamazulene, alpha-bisabolol oxide A&B, beta-caryophyllene
Interesting snippets:
German chamomile is the oldest known medical herb.
In Germany it is known as good for everything, the Greeks called it ground apple and in Spain it is known as little apple.
Chamomile stands for patience in adversity in the language of flowers.
Part of Plant used /Extraction: Partly dried flower heads are used in steam distillation while fully dried flower tops are used in CO2 extraction. Steam distillation produces 0.1-0.5% essential oil while CO2 extraction produces 4-5%.
Therapeutic actions: Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, wound healing, eczema, ulcers, sprains, PMS and menstrual pain, mouth ulcers, muscular pain, eases the itchiness of insect bites.
Emotional and Spiritual:
Valerie Ann Worwood writes when confusion seems to have become prevalent in a person’s spiritual life, and the laws of the Creator seem to have no meaning to the life we live on earth, then the fragrance can often help us to understand.
According to Robbi Zeck it helps loosen the grip of old habits, ideas and beliefs that are no longer useful in living the life you want to live. She asks you to imagine your life speaking to you and consider what it would say.
Joni Keim Loughran and Ruah Bull write that it helps you to identify what is true, and also a way to speak it with grace, accuracy and power. To achieve this, it helps you to be centred, grounded and to think clearly.
Aromatherapy Insight Card:
Chamomile German insight card
LETTING GO
Chamomile assists you to let go of emotional worries and break patterns that are limiting your potential. Learn that you will be in more control if you let go and trust the process of the happenings around you. Allow life’s adventures to be just that, adventures. Chamomile will assist you to stop being critical of yourself and others just because events or people are not living up to your expectations. Remember your expectations are just that and move on.
Safety: Non-irritating, non-sensitizing
Sources: Atterby D, German Chamomile Essential Oil Profile. Aromatherapy Today, Vol.45 (2009)
Battaglia S, The Complete Guide To Aromatherapy. The Perfect Potion, Australia (1995)
Bowles E.J, The A-Z of Essential Oils. New Burlington Books (2003)
Jefferies J, Osborn. K, Aromatherapy Insight Cards. Living Energy, Aust. (2nd Ed. 2005)
Keim Loughran J, Bull R, Aromatherapy Anointing Oils, Frog Books (2001)
Worwood V.A, The Fragrant Heavens. Doubleday Publishing UK (1999)
Zeck R, The Blossoming Heart. Aroma Tours (2004)
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2.2.1.3.7 VDS_FILE_SYSTEM_NOTIFICATION
The VDS_FILE_SYSTEM_NOTIFICATION structure provides information about a file system notification.
typedef struct _VDS_FILE_SYSTEM_NOTIFICATION {
unsigned long ulEvent;
VDS_OBJECT_ID volumeId;
DWORD dwPercentCompleted;
} VDS_FILE_SYSTEM_NOTIFICATION;
ulEvent: Determines the file system event for which an application will be notified; it MUST be one of the following values.
Value
Meaning
VDS_NF_FILE_SYSTEM_MODIFY
0x000000CB
A volume received a new label, or a file system was extended or shrunk; does not include a change to the file system compression flags.
VDS_NF_FILE_SYSTEM_FORMAT_PROGRESS
0x000000CC
A file system is being formatted.
volumeId: The VDS object ID of the volume object containing the file system that triggered the event.
dwPercentCompleted: The completed format progress as a percentage of the whole.
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Auguste François Chomel
Auguste François Chomel (13 April 1788 in Paris – 9 April 1858 in Morsang-sur-Orge) was a French pathologist.
Biography
He was a professor at the Hôpital de la Charité in Paris, and in 1827 succeeded René Laennec (1781–1826) as chair of clinical medicine of the Faculté de Paris. In 1852 he declined swearing allegiance to Napoleon III, and thus was deemed having resigned his post.
Chomel was an important member of the pathological anatomy movement of early 19th century France that was based on the scientific research of Xavier Bichat (1771–1802), René Laënnec and Gaspard Laurent Bayle (1774–1816). In 1828 he provided the first description of a type of acute polyneuritis that would later be known as Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome.
Worthington Hooker (1806–1867), in his 1847 book Physician and Patient, gives Chomel credit for the first contemporary usage of the medical axiom, Primum non nocere ("First, do no harm").
Selection
* Éléments de pathologie générale (Elements of general pathology); numerous editions: 1817, 1840; on line : 4th ed., 1866.
* Des fièvres et des maladies pestilentielles (Fevers and pestilential diseases), 1821.
* Des dyspepsies (On dyspepsias), 1856. at Gallica
* Leçons de clinique (Clinical lessons), 1834–1840. at Gallica
List of online works
* Online works on Gallica
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18
votes
1answer
284 views
Drawbacks of redefining math accents with extra leading {}?
As I discovered through the non-bug latex/4253, TeX has a (mis)feature whereby it ignores braces around a \mathaccent construction: ${a_b}_c$ works, but ${\tilde a_b}_c$ fails with a "Double ...
15
votes
3answers
281 views
Parsing strings containing diacritical marks (macros?)
I apologize that this question may seem very much like several other recent ones I have asked (Parsing leading hardspaces, Parsing a \$ as part of an improved \getargs command). They are all related ...
9
votes
1answer
428 views
Computer Modern font with accented characters (in XeTeX)
I'd like to use Knuth's Computer Modern font with XeTeX in a way where I don't have to type accents in a \'-way and without any gimmick such as making accentuated characters active and then say ...
3
votes
1answer
2k views
Mathaccents, fontdimens, macros, oh my!
Why doesn't this work? \def\circacc{% \dimen0=\fontdimen5\textfont2 \fontdimen5\textfont2=-.5ex \mathaccent\circ \fontdimen5\textfont2=\dimen0 }$\circacc a$\bye The last line produces an ...
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Alföldi
Alföldi or Alföldy is a Hungarian surname. Alföld is Great Hungarian Plain. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Alföldi (born 1964), Hungarian racewalker
* Andreas Alföldi (1895–1981), Hungarian historian
* Géza Alföldy, (1935–2011), Hungarian historian
* Róbert Alföldi (born 1967), Hungarian actor, theatre director and television host
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WKNX
WKNX may refer to:
* WKNX-TV, a television station (channel 7) licensed to serve Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
* WEYI-TV, a television station (channel 25), formerly using the call letters as channel 57 from 1953-1972 licensed to serve Flint/Tri-Cities market, Michigan, United States
* WJMK (AM), a radio station (1250 AM) licensed to Bridgeport, Michigan, which held the call sign WKNX 1997 to 2004
* WJNL, a radio station (1210 AM) which held the call sign WKNX from 1947 to 1997, while it was licensed to Saginaw, Michigan
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Talk:National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management
Expand with sources already provided?
The article cites quite a few sources. It would be great if someone could expand the article with more details from these sources. OttawaAC (talk) 15:16, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Kelly (footballer, born 1987)
Kelly Rodrigues Santana Costa (born 22 June 1987), simply known as Kelly, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender or a midfielder for Santos.
Club career
Born in São Paulo, Kelly began her career with hometown side Juventus-SP, before joining Santos in 2006. In January 2012, after the club's women's football section was closed, she moved to Centro Olímpico.
Kelly returned to Peixe in April 2015, after a short period at Ferroviária. She left in 2019, and was announced at Flamengo in January 2020.
In 2021, Kelly moved abroad and joined the Israeli side Hapoel Be'er Sheva. She returned to her home country with EC São Bernardo in the following year, before rejoining Santos on 27 January 2023.
Honours
Santos
* Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino: 2007, 2010, 2011, 2018
* Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino: 2008, 2009
* Copa Libertadores Femenina: 2009, 2010
* Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1: 2017
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Lingual protrusion and elevation in lingual dystonia: A hypothesis
Authors
• Allyson D. Dykstra Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada
• Scott G. Adams School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada
• Mandar Jog Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada
Keywords:
Acoustic arrays, Computer programming, Computer software, Error analysis, Frequency response, Spectroscopic analysis, Speech analysis, Lingual protrusion, Lingual-fractive spectra, Phonetic errors, Time frequency response (TFR)
Abstract
The speech deficits associated with lingual dystonia were analyzed using acoustic analyses. Acoustic analysis focusing on lingual-fractive spectra was conducted using spectrographic displays by the time frequency response (TFR) software program to investigate the hypothesis of abnormal lingual fronting and elevation. A prominent phonetic error was the misperception of the palatial fricative for the alveolar fricative. It was found that a common feature of lingual dystonic contractions involve lingual fronting and lingual elevation during speech production.
Downloads
Published
2005-09-01
How to Cite
1.
Dykstra AD, Adams SG, Jog M. Lingual protrusion and elevation in lingual dystonia: A hypothesis. Canadian Acoustics [Internet]. 2005 Sep. 1 [cited 2022 Aug. 8];33(3):98-9. Available from: https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/1763
Issue
Section
Proceedings of the Acoustics Week in Canada
Most read articles by the same author(s)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Laravel Error 419 session expired
+1 vote
I'm getting this error in laravel. How to solve this error?
Sep 11, 2020 in Laravel by kartik
• 37,490 points
4,291 views
1 answer to this question.
0 votes
Hello @kartik,
To fix the Laravel error 419 session expired:
1. CSRF token verification failure
2. Session expired error due to cache
Sometimes, the cache can also lead to session expired error in front-end. This can be both the server cache and browser cache.
php artisan cache:clear
3. Laravel file and folder permissions
Similarly, improper file or folder permission can also lead to errors. Usually, web servers need write-permissions on the Laravel folders storage and vendor. Also, session storage needs write-permission.
chmod -R 755 storage
chmod -R 755 vendor
chmod -R 644 bootstrap/caches
Mostly, this fixes the error.
Hope it helps!!
Thank You!!
answered Sep 11, 2020 by Niroj
• 82,680 points
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0 votes
1 answer
Error:Composer Out of memory in Laravel?
Hey @kartik, This Error happens in almost all ...READ MORE
answered Mar 30, 2020 in Laravel by Niroj
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4,540 views
0 votes
1 answer
Why it is necessary to refresh CSRF token per form request?
Hello, Generating a new CSRF token for each ...READ MORE
answered Mar 19, 2020 in Laravel by Niroj
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1 answer
What is meant by passing the variable by value and reference in PHP?
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answered Mar 27, 2020 in PHP by Niroj
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1 answer
Connection with MySQL server using PHP. How can we do that?
Hey @kartik, You have to provide MySQL hostname, ...READ MORE
answered Mar 27, 2020 in PHP by Niroj
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How to retrieve or obtain data from the MySQL database using PHP?
Hello kartik, Actually there are many functions that ...READ MORE
answered Mar 27, 2020 in PHP by Niroj
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Error - 419 Sorry, your session has expired.Post request in Laravel?
Sometimes the cache can also lead to ...READ MORE
answered Aug 28, 2020 in Laravel by Ishita
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Error:Laravel - Session store not set on request
Hello @kartik, You'll need to use the web middleware if ...READ MORE
answered Aug 4, 2020 in Laravel by Niroj
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Investigation of the interplay of yellow fever virus structural protein epitopes and genetic diversity
Date
August 2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is responsible for the disease yellow fever (YF), which is characterized by hemorrhagic fever and multiorgan failure. The disease is prevented by a live attenuated vaccine (LAV), strain 17D, that was derived from serial passage of the wild type (WT) strain Asibi in chicken tissue. The mechanism of attenuation of 17D is incompletely understood. This dissertation investigates the contribution of the envelope (E) protein in YFV attenuation through its role in genetic diversity, tissue tropism and recognition by WT and vaccine specific antibodies that bind E protein. Using infectious clones (i.c.) of both Asibi and 17D viruses, structural chimeras with swapped prME, E protein domain III (EDIII) and single site mutations at each of the residues that differ between WT and vaccine strain in structural proteins were generated. Using these chimeras, the determinants of focus morphology were mapped to residues E-52 and E-380. E-305 was shown to be critical to the increased multiplication kinetics of 17D virus compared to Asibi. Genotypic stability was investigated using Illumina deep sequencing methods and it was shown that the E protein contributes to the differences seen in the genotype of Asibi and 17D viruses, whereas M protein does not. Despite this, prME was not shown to contribute to YFV susceptibility to the antiviral Ribavirin. Tissue tropism was correlated with WT and vaccine epitopes as residues in EDI were critical to viscerotropism and WT mAb recognition and residues within EDIII were shown to be critical to neurotropism and vaccine mAb recognition. It was found that the attenuating processes of 17D were not comparable to the JEV SA14-14-2 LAV. This is unsurprising due to the empirical nature of legacy LAVs and suggests there are many mechanisms that could be employed to generate future flavivirus LAVs. Overall, the role of E in the attenuation of 17D seems to rely on several critical residues (E-52, E-170, E-305, E-325 and E-380) many of which contribute the net positive charge of the 17D virion.
Description
Keywords
Biology, Microbiology, Biology, Virology
Citation
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Animals in the Tropical Desert
By Kelly Schaub
Tropical desert
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
The word “tropical” brings to mind lush jungles, palm trees, turquoise seas—not desert. Yet several deserts exist around the world within the tropical zone, that area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, each at 23 degrees latitude on either side of the equator. Five continents have deserts in their tropical regions. These dry biomes are home to a wide variety of animals that have adapted to dry conditions.
North America
Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images
The Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico falls into a semi-arid classification south of the Tropic of Cancer. Animals found in the Chihuahuan Desert include the coyote, kangaroo rat, diamondback rattlesnake, big free-tailed bat, roadrunner and the Mexican red-kneed tarantula.
South America
Jupiterimages/liquidlibrary/Getty Images
A portion of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile’s coastline lies within the Tropic of Capricorn. Mammals found there include the llama, alpaca, vicuña, gray fox and a large chinchilla known as a viscacha. Birds such as the giant hummingbird, the tamarugo conebill, the lesser rhea (a flightless bird), flamingos, black-throated flower-piercer and the Andean swallow, as well as numerous visitors like penguins, gulls, oystercatchers and terns populate the skies and roosting sites.
Africa
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
Africa has three deserts that lie within the tropics. The Namib and Kalahari adjoin each other in southern Africa’s west side, and the more well-known Sahara Desert covers most of northern Africa. The Sahara is home to the fennec fox, sand fox, jackal, spotted hyena, addax antelope, dorcas gazelle, dama deer, cape hare, desert hedgehog, gerbil, jerboa and slender mongoose. Birds found in the Sahara include barn owls, Nubian bustards, ostrich and fan-tailed ravens. Horned vipers and spiny-tailed lizards also call this region home. Within the Namib Desert live golden moles, sidewinders, web-footed geckos, fringe-toes lizards, jackals and vipers. The Kalahari Desert also has jackals and hyenas and gazelles, but adds ground squirrels and springbok.
Middle East (Asia)
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
The Arabian Desert lies within the Tropic of Cancer. Along with the familiar dromedary camels and wild Arabian horses, this desert is home to flamingos, Egyptian vultures, ibex, falcons, foxes, porcupines, hares, civet cats, hedgehogs, sand cobras, scorpions, dung beetles, vipers, skinks, locusts and some animals in common with the Sahara such as the jackal, hyena, jerboa and gazelle.
Australia
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
Two Australian deserts sit north of the Tropic of Capricorn line: the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert. Nocturnal residents bilby and mulgara and the burrowing marsupial mole avoid the heat of day. Thorny devils, a lizard species, eat ants. Three species of parrot can be found here along with the rufous hare wallaby. Non-native camels as well as foxes and cats have taken a toll on native marsupial populations.
About the Author
See my website http://www.thewritecritter.com especially the editing services page, which lists published works edited
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Finding the AMs and RCMs that reference specific tables
search cancel
Finding the AMs and RCMs that reference specific tables
book
Article ID: 29747
calendar_today
Updated On:
Products
IDMS IDMS - Database
Issue/Introduction
This article describes how to determine which tables are referenced by which AMs (Access Modules) and RCMs (Relational Command Modules).
Environment
Release: All supported releases.
Component: SQL Option.
Resolution
There is a system table called SYSTEM.AMDEP which contains the correlations between Access Modules and tables which they include. The complete structure of this table is documented at SYSTEM.AMDEP. To see the most relevant information from it, connect to the application catalog where the AMs are created, and issue this query to see a report as shown below:
SELECT NAME, VERSION AS V, SUBSTR(TABSCHEMA,1,8) AS SCHEMA, TRIM(TABLE), TYPE
FROM SYSTEM.AMDEP ORDER BY NAME;
*+ NAME V SCHEMA TRIM(FUNCTION) TYPE
*+ ---- - ------ -------------- ----
*+ GETBONUS 1 DEMOEMPL EMPLOYEE T
*+ GETBONUS 1 DEMOEMPL BENEFITS T
*+ SQLUDEA 1 DEMOEMPL EMPLOYEE T
*+ SUMBONUS 1 DEMOEMPL EMPLOYEE T
*+ SUMBONUS 1 DEMOEMPL BENEFITS T
Each row in this SELECT represents the fact that the named table is referenced in the named access module.
To search for which access modules reference a particular table, add a where clause specifying the schema and table names, as follows:
SELECT NAME, VERSION AS V, SUBSTR(TABSCHEMA,1,8) AS SCHEMA, TRIM(TABLE), TYPE
FROM SYSTEM.AMDEP
WHERE TABSCHEMA = 'DEMOEMPL' AND TABLE = 'EMPLOYEE'
ORDER BY NAME;
There is no similar cross-reference for RCMs.
If running in batch, more meaningful output can be created by running a more standard SQL command, without all of the scalar functions in the above query which were designed to produce one line of information per table, so that it would fit an online screen. The unaltered command to retrieve data from the table would be simply
SELECT * FROM SYSTEM.AMDEP ORDER BY NAME;
or, to search for access modules which reference a particular table,
SELECT * FROM SYSTEM.AMDEP
WHERE TABSCHEMA = 'schema-name' AND TABLE = 'table-name'
ORDER BY NAME;
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Patricia Hill Collins
Unsourced
* Racism didn't magically go away just because we refuse to talk about it. Rather, overt racial language is replaced by covert racial euphemisms that reference the same phenomena-talk of "niggers" and "ghettos" becomes replaced by phrases such as "urban," "welfare mothers," and "street crime." Everyone knows what these terms mean, and if they don't, they quickly figure it out.
* On Intellectual Activism, 2012
* Challenging power structures from the inside, working the cracks within the system, however, requires learning to speak multiple languages of power convincingly.
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Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2023 April 4
4 April 2023
Ends. MER-C 17:13, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* Suspected copyright infringements without a source from June to August 2010
* Takeshi Fuji ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Attributed. Sennecaster ( Chat ) 04:49, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
* Hozumi Hasegawa ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Attributed. MER-C 18:37, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
* Akinobu Hiranaka ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Attributed. MER-C 10:06, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
* Hiroki Ioka ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Wizardman 01:33, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
* Guts Ishimatsu ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Wizardman 01:33, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
* Kuniaki Shibata ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Wizardman 01:33, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
* Yasuei Yakushiji ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Attributed. MER-C 10:31, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
* Takanori Hatakeyama ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Issue resolved. Attributed. MER-C 10:26, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
* Peer-mediated instruction ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting wait red.svg Article cleaned, revision deletion requested. – I s o chrone (T) 18:20, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
* Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Atlanta) ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. MER-C 18:11, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
* Hindenburg Omen ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting question.svg No vio found, claim cannot be validated. Tag removed from article. If there was, it was already rm'd as OR a while back. – I s o chrone (T) 17:55, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
* Lion's mane jellyfish ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. Whpq (talk) 01:59, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
* Locksmithing ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
* Removed the concerning section as unsourced. 13 years later and no one bothered to ever cite it. Wizardman 00:08, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
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Baidu Stock (BIDU) Ichimoku Cloud Analysis
Is this the lowest price to buy Baidu stock (BIDU)? Or could it drop even further down? Even if it drops further, is Baidu stock a good investment? Today I’m using the Ichimoku cloud analysis and my Invest Diva Diamond Analysis (IDDA) to develop an investment strategy for this Chinese stock.
I look at the markets based on my signature Invest Diva Diamond Analysis (IDDA) and combine it with the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo strategy development technique including indications from the Ichimoku cloud. The IDDA looks at investment strategies from 5 points: technicals, fundamentals, sentiment, capital, and overall.
About Baidu Stock (BIDU)
Baidu is the largest Internet search engine in China with over 70% of mobile traffic share in the search market.
The Chinses firm generates 86% of revenue from online marketing services and the rest from other segments. What gets me most excited about Baidu is that it’s a technology-driven company and has been investing in AI technology. It even invests heavily autonomously driven cars which are among the hottest of the future tech.
In the near term, Baidu will invest heavily in its mobile business in terms of sales and marketing, and traffic acquisition. While meaningful monetization is uncertain, analysts expect Baidu to increase or maintain its research and development expenditure, which is at 17% of sales in the first quarter of 2019.
Baidu Stock Fundamentals
Here are some of the bullish and bearish justifications for the Baidu stock.
On the positive note, Baidu sits on a cash pile of over CNY 100 billion. This gives the Chinese firm enormous powder to invest in technology, particularly in AI.
It can even use its loads of cash merger and acquisition opportunities to grow even bigger.
On one negative note, Baidu has many competitors in the field. Alibaba, Tencent, and other vertical Internet service providers are competing in terms of advertising budgets.
The fierce competition could result in slow growth in revenue for Baidu.
Baidu Stock Ichimoku Analysis
The Baidu stock price broke above the daily Ichimoku cloud end of October 2019. Ichimoku Kinko Hyo strategy suggests we could see a temporary pullback towards the upper band of the cloud before further gains in the medium term. However, the pair has not yet completed the long-term double top bearish reversal chart pattern which suggests the Baidu stock price could drop to as low as $42.
On the other hand, we also have a Saucer Bottom chart pattern forming on the daily chart.
Watch my Ichimoku cloud analysis for the Baidu stock in 2020 to see how I bring all points of the IDDA together.
What are your thoughts on the Baidu stock? Do you think this is the lowest price it could fall in the long-term? Would you consider buying the Baidu stock now, or if it drops lower?
Disclaimer Trading in the financial markets involves a risk of loss and you should only trade the money you can afford to lose.
This article was originally published on InvestDiva.com.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Category talk:Canberra
Dividing
This category has become rather bloated. I think it needs to be hived off into several sub-categories. So far I have created Education in Canberra, Streets in Canberra and History of Canberra, but am now seeking suggestions for further sub-categories. In particular what should all those memorials come under? Simply Memorials in Canberra? And what, also, of these "(district)" and town centre articles. I'm not exactly sure where they belong.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 15:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Matthew Arkin
Matthew Arkin (born March 21, 1960) is an American actor, acting instructor, and author.
Early life and education
Arkin was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jeremy Yaffe, a nurse, and actor Alan Arkin. He is the younger brother of actor Adam Arkin. After his parents separated when he was an infant, Arkin was raised by his mother in California until age 7. He then lived with his father and stepmother, actress Barbara Dana, and half-brother Anthony Dana Arkin, in Greenwich Village. In 1968, Arkin and his brother were directed by their father in the Academy Award nominated short film People Soup. Arkin attended Horace Greeley High School in Chappaqua, New York. Arkin graduated from Wesleyan University and earned a J.D. degree from Fordham University School of Law. Although he was raised in a non-denominational household, Arkin is Jewish and identifies with Jewish culture.
For five years Arkin practiced law with small firms in Tarrytown and White Plains, New York. He quit to pursue a career in acting. When asked why he would give up a career in law, Arkin pointed out a laughing audience and said, ""You hear that sound? You know how many people I made laugh when I was a lawyer? None... well, maybe a few judges."
Acting
Arkin studied acting at the HB Studio under Uta Hagen, Austin Pendleton and Sheldon Patinkin. In 1993, he debuted on Broadway in Neil Simon's Laughter on the 23rd Floor and continued during the production's national tour. He played Ben Silverman in the 1997 Broadway revival of The Sunshine Boys. Arkin was nominated for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play for his role as Gabe in the 1999 Off-Broadway premiere of the Pulitzer Prize-winning drama Dinner with Friends. Arkin played the role of Reggie Ellis in the 2006 Broadway production of Losing Louie.
Arkin also appeared in a variety of films and television shows, including All My Children (2007), Law & Order (1991-2009) and 100 Centre Street (2001).
At the South Coast Repertory in Orange County, California, Arkin originated roles in the world premieres of Richard Greenberg's Our Mother's Brief Affair (2009) and Steven Drukman's The Prince of Atlantis (2011). In 2013, Arkin portrayed the 600-pound main character in the West Coast premiere of Samuel Hunter's The Whale.
Teaching
Beginning in 2008, Arkin taught acting technique at the HB Studio in New York City and later at the Actors Studio in Los Angeles. In 2015, Arkin accepted the position as Director of the Acting Intensive Program at South Coast Repertory in Southern California.
Author
In 2016, Arkin published the detective novel In the Country of the Blind.
Personal life
Arkin married Pamela Newkirk in May 1993 with whom he has two children. They divorced in 2011. He resides in Pasadena, California.
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WIKI
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Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/47
Rh the organization of the insurrectionary movement of November, 1838. He took part in the capture of the " Brougham," at Beauharnois. on 3 Nov., and passed several days in Camp Baker, where the Canadian patriots received orders to concentrate in Napierville. After the defeat of Nelson at Odell- town, he set out for the United States, but lost his way when near the frontier, and was arrested, with seven of his companions, on 12 Nov. He was taken to Montreal, tried by court-martial, found guilty of high treason, and hanged. Money was raised for his wife and children, in Canada, in 1883. LORING, Charles Greeley, lawyer, b. in Bos- ton, Mass., 2 May, 1794; d. in Beverly, Mass., 8 Oct., 18G8. He was graduated at Harvard in 1812, studied law in Boston, and for many years was a well-known member of the Boston bar. He was actuary of the Massachusetts hospital life-insur- ance company from 1857 until his death, and in 1862 he served in the state senate. He was a memlaer of the American academy of arts and sciences, and of the Massachusetts historical so- ciety. Mr. Loring was an eloquent and effective speaker. His numerous addresses include one that he delivered, 4 July, 1821, before the town authori- ties of Boston, Mass., that before the Boston mer- cantile library association in 1845, at the Republi- can mass-meeting in Faneuil hall in 1862, an ora- tion on the death of Edward Everett, whom he succeeded as president of the Boston union club, and an address at the meeting of Boston citizens after the assassination of President Lincoln. Har- vard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1850. Be- sides addresses, he published " Neutral Relations between the United States and England " (Boston, 1863), and "Life of William Sturgis" (1864).
LORING, Ellis Gray, lawver, b. in Boston, Mass., in 1803 ; d. there, 24 May, 1858. He entered Harvard college in 1819, but was not graduated with his class, afterward studied law, was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and became eminent. He was one of the twelve that formed the first anti-slavery society in Boston in 1831. He distinguished him- self chiefly in the defence of the slave-child "' Med " in the Massachusetts supreme court, where he suc- ceeded in obtaining the decision that every slave brought on Massachusetts soil by the owner was legally free ; a case precisely analogous to the celebrated " Somerset " case in England. By this argument he achieved the unusual success of con- vincing the opposing counsel, Benjamin R. Curtis, afterward justice of the U. S. supreme court, who shook hands with him after the trial, saying: " Your argument has entirely converted me to your side, Mr. Loring." He also attracted some attention as the author of a " Petition in behalf of Abner Kneeland," which was headed by the name of Rev. Dr. William E. Channing. Abner Knee- land {q. V.) was a professed atheist who was indict- ed for blasphemy, and Mr. Loring's petition was a strong plea in behalf of freedom of speech. Sev- eral of Mr. Loring's arguments and addresses were published at different times, including " An Ad- dress before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery So- ciety" (Boston, 1838). At the New England anti- slavery convention, 27 jIay, 1858, two days after his death, Wendell Phillips said : " The great merit of Mr. Loring's anti-slavery life was, he laid on the altar of the slave's needs all his peculiar tastes. Refined, domestic, retiring, contemplative, loving literature, art, and culture, he saw there was no one else to speak, therefore he was found in the van. It was the uttermost instance of self-sacri- fice — more than money, more than reputation, though he gave both."
LORING, Frederick Wadsworth, journalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 12 Dec, 1848 ; d. near Wick- enburg, Arizona, 5 Nov., 1871. He was graduated at Harvard in 1870, and during the brief period between that event and his death gave unusual promise of success as a writer, being connected with several newspapers and a contributor to the " Atlantic Monthly," " Appletons' Journal," " Old and New," the •' Independent," and " Every Sat- urday." In the spring of 1871 he went as cor- respondent of "Appletons' Journal" on the U. S. exploring expedition to Arizona that was in com- mand of Lieut. George M. Wheeler. To that jour- nal he wrote from San Francisco a lively sketch of his Chinese experiences, entitled "Je Horge," and during his wanderings in the wilderness " A Council of War," "A Glimpse of Mormonism," " Silver Mining in Nevada," " The Valley of Death," and several poems. The party suffered great privations, and in August, 1871, Loring wrote to his employers, from the " Valley of Death," a canon in California and Nevada, three hundred feet below the level of the sea, which all former expeditions had avoided, or from which they had never returned : " I am bootless, coatless, everything but lifeless. I have had a fortnight of horrors. This morning an Indian fight capped the climax. However, I am well and cheerful." He escaped from the valley, but when he was on his way home a band of Apaches attacked the stage-coach in its passage from Wickenburg to La Paz, Arizona, killing the driver and Loring, with four other passengers. A short time before Lor- ing's death, Charles Reade, the novelist, said that he seemed to him the most promising of all the young American authors. His collected writings include " Cotton Cultivation in the South," with Charles F. Atkinson (Boston, 1869) ; " The Boston Dip, and other Verses" (1871); and "Two College Friends," a novel (1871).
LORING, George Bailey, agriculturist, b. in North Andover, Mass., 8 Nov., 1817; d. in Salem, Mass., 14 Sept., 1891. He was graduated at Har- vard in 1838, and at the medical department in 1842. He was surgeon to the marine hospital, Chelsea, Mass., in 1843-'50, a commissioner to re- vise the U. S. marine hospital system in 1849, and postmaster at Salem, Mass., in 1853-'7. He subse- quently devoted himself for many years to prac- tical and scientific agriculture. He was president of the New England agricultural society, was a delegate to the National Republican conventions in 1868, 1872, and 1876, chairman of the Massa- chusetts Republican committee in 1869-'76, U. S. centennial commissioner in 1872-'6, and president of the state senate in 1873-'7. He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1876, and served till 1881, when he became commissioner of agricul- ture, holding office till 1885. Three years later he became minister to Portugal. Among his nu- merous addresses are " Relation of Agriculture to the State in Time of War" (Concord, Mass., 1862); "Classical Culture" (Amherst, 1866); "Eulogy on Louis Agassiz " (1873) ; " The Cobden Club and the American Farmer" (Worcester. 1880); address at the cotton convention in Atlanta, Ga. (1881); and "The Farm- Yard Club of Jotham," a sketch of New England life and farming (Bos- ton, 1876).
LORING. Israel, clergyman, b. in Hull. Mass., 15 April. 1683; d. in Sudbury, Mass., 9 March, 1772. He was graduated at Harvard in 1701, and in 1706 became pastor of the Congregational church in Sudbury, Mass., continuing in this charge for sixty-six years. Mr. Loring was one of the readi-
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Institutional religion
* Rant. Fredrik (talk) 17:41, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Delete. POV essay by various anons. No useful material. Andrewa 17:53, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Probably best to just redirect to Religion, like Organized religion does. DJ Clayworth 18:01, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Agree. Redirect. Rossami 18:45, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Redirect to Religion. Point taken, and it does no harm, so let's try for consensus. Andrewa 15:10, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Delete with prejudice. I am not a religious man, but this just REEKS of POV. I have no difficulty with an article on Institutional religion - most of the mainstream Christian denominations fall fairly much into this group - but this article makes statements that belie any possible NPOV interpretation. Denni ☯ 17:33, 2004 Jun 17 (UTC)
* Just another POV rant. Why can't people just create a blog page and leave it at that? Redirect as suggested. - Lucky 6.9 18:14, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* Delete, rant. Andris 14:46, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)
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Talk:"Polish death camp" controversy/Archive 5
Should the term "misnomer" be stated with in-text attribution ?
The article "Polish death camp" controversy currently states that "Polish death camp" is a misnomer in Wikipedia's voice in the lede. The cited source is an opinion article where the word "misnomer" appears not in the cited source's voice but in a quotation. There is a disagreement whether the term "misnomer" should appear in Wikipedia's voice or with in-text attribution. Here is the RfC question: Should the term "misnomer" be used with in-text attribution? A Quest For Knowledge (talk) 12:34, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
Survey
* Support We should use in-text attribution. We should follow reliable sources. The cited source is an opinion article and it doesn't use the word "misnomer" in its own voice. It uses in-text attribution and should we. A Quest For Knowledge (talk) 12:34, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
* Support Reliable sources only say the ADL have called it a misnomer. It shouldn't be jammed into the opening sentence as it currently is, and there are better ways of phrasing it. The way it is used in the body of the article is accurate. ("The Anti-Defamation League has called the expression a misnomer." ) --hippo43 (talk) 12:41, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose. The ADL/Foxman is a recognized expert in the field. Furthermore, multiple other sources have called it misleading(wapo editorial boardZuroff, inaccurate,poltifact misrepresentation,(e.g. Yad Vashem) and inappropriate.Yad Va Shem I am not opposed to other wording - e.g. "misleading and inappropriate" - though misnomer is more concise and synonymous.Icewhiz (talk) 13:54, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
* Comment - NPOV means we have to "avoid stating opinions as facts". Even if this was the well-informed opinion of every expert in the field, it is still an opinion. Foxman is speaking for an advocacy group, he is not a disinterested expert. The Washington Post quote is from an opinion piece, and calls the phrase "controversial" and "misleading, at best".
* What do you think of "...are generally considered inaccurate by advocacy groups and historians"? --hippo43 (talk) 08:26, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* When every single historian, on record, considers it inaccurate and advocacy groups (which are not Polish, and have spoken against the Polish gvmt) consider it inaccurate - I think we can say it is inaccurate in our own voice.Icewhiz (talk) 08:47, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Why? Why not just say historians and advocacy groups consider it inaccurate, per V and NPOV? --hippo43 (talk) 09:32, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* For the same reason we do not in Earth say that "Scientists and advocacy groups consider that it revolves around the Sun". Or in The Holocaust - "Historians and advocacy groups consider that Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews". Foxman is an expert. So are others cited above. There are no experts or sources seriously calling this an accurate term - you are creating a false balance by attributing what is generally considered factual by anyone we would deem RS for Holocaust history.Icewhiz (talk) 09:59, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* It's obvious from your other edits that you are a smart person, so I don't think you seriously believe these are equivalent.
* If reliable secondary sources typically said "Professor X says the earth revolves around the sun" then that is how we would have to approach it here. That is what secondary sources do with "Polish death camps". --hippo43 (talk) 10:33, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Support Reasonable people can and do differ about whether this term satisfies the definition of "misnomer" (cf the extensive discussion on this page). It should not be called a misnomer in wikipedia's voice. It is not NPOV. Zekelayla (talk) 06:52, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose - per discussion above and the fact that the term is well cited to an expert on the subject. That "reasonable people can and do differ" may or may not be true, but the standard for Wikipedia is sources. And if you're going to cf the "extensive discussion on this page", please note that in this discussion the consensus was very strongly for including the term.Volunteer Marek (talk) 15:44, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Just to be clear, the RfC is not about whether or not to include the term. The issue is whether to include the term using Wikipedia's voice or to use a more accurate, in-text attribution. A Quest For Knowledge (talk) 17:13, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose. It may be helpful to provide citations supporting use of "neologism", but it should certainly not be mandatory, especially in light of overwhelming editor support for the term. If we create a precedent for footnoting indisputable terms, we will end up with something like The Hermit of 69th Street, where Jerzy Kosiński annotated practically every term in his book. Nihil novi (talk) 00:44, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose (do not include attribution). We should avoid stating facts as opinions, per NPOV. --K.e.coffman (talk) 05:07, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
* The term should not be in the opening sentence at all. Change to ""Polish death camp" and "Polish concentration camp" are terms..." The way the opening is phrased now we are supporting the usage in Wikipedia's voice by referencing a POV quote. This is not valid. --Khajidha (talk) 03:08, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
* Use of misnomer in the lead was settled in an earlier . Batternut (talk) 11:09, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose - as discussed below, without any significant claims that the "misnomer" description is biased, or otherwise not neutral, NPOV is satisfied. We might debate whether misnomer, misleading or even dead wrong describes it best, but as Square states "a square is a regular quadrilateral" without qualifying with "Mathemitician Eric Weisstein says...", we can just use Wikipedia's voice here too. Batternut (talk) 13:03, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose (no, there should not be in-text attribution). The recent RfC reached consensus that Wikipedia should say that it is a misnomer, not that someone else calls it a misnomer, in the lede. An attribution would be too much detail for the lede. Bryan Henderson (giraffedata) (talk) 16:46, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
* Support If you guys are going to insist on including this awful choice of wording to further complicate an article that is already substantively about semantics, the least you can do is use a citation, reducing the chance that people will think there is no difference of opinion about this miserable usage. Sakuranohi (talk) 05:53, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
* The question is not whether to cite, but how to cite - whether in-text attribution is required or not. Batternut (talk) 08:30, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose. Regular inline reference seems totally sufficient. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 07:52, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose - don't include attribution.GizzyCatBella (talk) 12:05, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose I don't see any indication in the JTA article that this is an opinion piece.GPRamirez5 (talk) 16:43, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
* Oppose. The term is in line with the academic consensus as reflected by multiple RS. François Robere (talk) 03:06, 3 May 2018 (UTC)
* Support We should use in-text attribution. We should follow reliable sources, very few of whom call it a misnomer. Reading this - and the prev RfC, I am appalled at the number of people who think that anything which is possibly misleading, or potentially misunderstandable, or a 'mis-statement' (ie an undiplomatic choice of words which caused un-intended offence), is automatically a misnomer, and who are happy to use WP or dictionaries to justify this designation (aka WP:OR). 'Polish death camp' is not the clearest way of referring to camps which were located in occupied Poland - but it is a perfectly legitimate 'shorthand' which follows standard English usage. Does "American PoW camps" refer to camps run by Americans or camps where US soldiers were incarcerated? First use should always make it clear which is meant, but therafter such shorthand is standard English. Every intelligent person understands that 'slave ships' uses the adjective differently from 'pirate ships' (carrying slaves, operated by pirates). All of these examples are potentially misunderstandable, but none are referred to as misnomers. A French letter may be a euphemistic misnomer because there is nothing French about one and it is not any kind of letter, but everybody understands that French roads are in France, but the French Embassy isn't. How many other uses of any 'national' adjective are perfectly standard English usage? As others have said, there are better, clearer ways of referring to the potential misunderstanding that some see in the term itself - and to the offence it causes them. There are PoV issues to this, since calling it a 'misnomer' in WP voice, is effectively saying that "it is the wrong term", rather than that it is a potentially ambiguous term, the use of which offends some. The ADL is a much respected body, but it isn't an arbiter on the proper use of the English language. Pincrete (talk) 23:14, 5 May 2018 (UTC)
* Although French Embassies are not in France, they are French property, French organisations, and actions within them are the responsibility of the French state - quite unlike this case. Nobody has cited wikipedia or asaik a dictionary in this discussion have they? Batternut (talk) 06:39, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* The Polish War Memorial, is not in Poland and has never belonged to Poland. Unlike 'Boer war'/'Crimean war' memorials, it does not commemorate a 'Polish war', because of course there has never been any substantial war between UK and Poland. It is one of the countless different usages that occur when a national adjective is put in front of a noun, and the memorial is not misnamed - though a fuller description of what it is - rather than the common name - would make clear that it is a memorial to Polish airmen who flew - and died alongside RAF pilots during WWII, which was erected after that war. 'Polish sausage' is sausage in a particular style, or to a particular recipe, it may be created by someone who has no connection to Poland. We all use such adjectives on a daily basis to have different meanings in different contexts - and whilst there may be potential ambiguity when one first hears any such term - it is fairly obvious to anyone with the scantest knowledge of WWII, that Poland, and the Poles were primarily the victims in that war. A child might think that an African slave ship was crewed and run for the benefit of Africans - but one cannot remove all ambiguity from shorthand forms of English.
* Yes the prev. RfC has people arguing from dictionaries and WP and does not distinguish between 'misnomer', 'mis-statement', (potentially?) 'misleading' and 'mis-understandable'. I have yet to hear of anyone who ever thought that Poland had any responsibility whatsoever for the horrors of Nazism - this appears to be a 'misleading term' which has never yet misled a soul.Pincrete (talk) 18:28, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* TLDR, your complaints above are about the last RfC. Too late. This, as you know, is about attribution style. Stay on topic, concisely please. Batternut (talk) 20:18, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* The prev. RfC was closed thus: "However, a number of the contributors saying "yes" … have suggested that … an alternative term to "misnomer" could be used, for the sake of clarity ("misrepresentation" is suggested by quite a few)". No one objects to saying that some people feel strongly that the term is misleading - there would not be a controversy nor an article were this not so. I would support inclusion of the 'misleading' viewpoint - attributed - along with the reasons why some people object to the term. What I object to is the use of a small number of sources to state in WP voice that the term is inherently wrong - what on earth is the controversy about if there is only a single viewpoint worthy of consideration? I replied to you because you seemed to be missing my central point which is that a Chinese city, a Chinese district, a Chinese meal, Chinese chequers and a Chinese-American all have to be understood as making a different use of 'Chinese'. 'Polish death camps' is only inherently misleading if one accepts that there is only one possible way - or one obvious way - to interpret the adjective - with zero evidence that anyone has ever actually interpreted it that way. Unless much better sources are found - and preferably some which are not US, it is a matter of opinion that the term is misleading and more informative for being attributed, since we all would like to understand who and why people find the term wrong or offensive - not simply be told it IS in WPVOICE. Pincrete (talk) 22:39, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* - do you have a better term than misnomer? Many of the oppose !votes here (myself included) are happy with other formulations (e.g. "misleading and possibly offensive").Icewhiz (talk) 13:44, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* Attributed, I endorse that some sources believe the term to be misleading, a small number (ADL?) may actually use the term 'misnomer'. It is certainly the case that some find the term deeply offensive (as evidenced here, apart from the real world) and the reason they find it offensive is fairly clear - they believe it implies Polish responsibility. My objection is to stating in WP voice that the term is inherently any of these things, which I believe is not supported by sources or common sense understanding of the many ways adjectives are used. 'Jewish extermination camp', is probably not a term I would ever use, nor is it the clearest and fullest way to describe Auschwitz etc, however - in context - it is not a misnomer, nor inherently misleading. btw, to the best of my knowledge, this is largely a US issue. Pincrete (talk) 17:54, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* Support K.e.coffman warns us against stating facts as opinions. I think Wikipedia does well to specify facts as to who's facts they are. (Summoned by bot) Chris Troutman ( talk ) 14:29, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
Discussion
* A summary of citations, some mentioned already (my underlining):
* "... such misleading references should be avoided," Time Magazine, 1991.
* "There is no doubt that the term 'Polish death camps' is a historical misrepresentation ," Yad Vashem, 2018.
* "... to call the camps “Polish” is misleading, at best," Washington Post opinion, 2018.
* "The president misspoke. He was referring to Nazi death camps in Poland. We regret this misstatement ," Tommy Vietor (re Obama gaff), 2012.
* "The misnomer 'Polish camps' unjustly implies ..." Anti-Defamation League, 2012.
* "... the misnomer of Polish camps when referring to Nazi camps in today's Poland," Geneviève Zubrzycki, 2006.
* These are still all statements of opinion which need to be attributed. (And the quote you attributed to Time is from a letter from a reader.)
* Look at this CNN article for example - it states, in its own voice "the use of terms such as 'Polish death camps'", without comment. So it is an example of a reliable source which does not call these words misnomers, just 'terms'. It then quotes Yad Vashem's view "There is no doubt that the term "Polish death camps" is a historical misrepresentation!", with attribution. That is what NPOV requires us to do here. --hippo43 (talk) 10:01, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* When these many sources state it, and when THERE ARE NO sources which state the opposite, then no, it does not need to be attributed.Volunteer Marek (talk) 15:45, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* New York Times - "the phrase “Polish death camps,” a term that scholars agree is misleading." So the NYT, a reliable source, calls it a "phrase" and a "term" in its own voice, and correctly states that "scholars agree is misleading." This is just good, responsible writing. --hippo43 (talk) 10:06, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* The quote "... the misnomer of Polish camps when referring to Nazi camps ..." are the words of Zubrzycki, likewise the others above ('Time Magazine' deleted, not sure about that). They said/published those statements. What more attribution do you want? Batternut (talk) 10:20, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* This much attribution: Historian Geneviève Zubrzycki has called the term a misnomer.
* NPOV section WP:ATTRIBUTEPOV says "biased statements of opinion can be presented only with in-text attribution." What is the bias here? Batternut (talk) 11:06, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* I don't think anyone said we should attribute these opinions because they are biased. However, per NPOV, we should avoid stating opinions as facts. Reliable sources, shown by the citations IceWhiz listed above, report these as statements of opinion, as should we. --hippo43 (talk) 11:35, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Is there a significant opposing view, ie that "Polish death camp" is indeed accurate and suitable? Batternut (talk) 12:13, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* That's not what anyone said, or what the discussion is about. --hippo43 (talk) 15:57, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* If the misnomer labelling is not biased, and there is no significant opposing view, there is no neutrality issue, ie policy Neutral point of view is satisfied. Am I missing something? Batternut (talk) 21:59, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* - you added the POV tag in January - do you still see pov issues? Maybe consider POV section somewhere instead? Batternut (talk) 22:09, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Removed - article is in a very different state now.Icewhiz (talk) 04:45, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
* No. That's why this whole discussion and RfC is just stupid.Volunteer Marek (talk) 15:45, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Actually, "Polish death camp" is a technically correct way to describe a German death camp located in Poland. Potentially misleading, yes, but correct. Zekelayla (talk) 05:22, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
Really people? Misnomer is a lousy word that just confuses the issue. There are other choices, such as Hippo43's NYTimes quote. I agree with Marek: this is a dumb discussion. The subject matter itself isn't enough to talk about? Please move on to more substantive semantic time-wasters, like the whole "Polish death camp" semantic controversy itself. Sakuranohi (talk) 05:38, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
I propose we consider replacing "misnomer" with one of Roman Spinner's suggestions of 14 February 2018: "fallacious" expression. That would unambiguously cover all the relevant thoughts. Nihil novi (talk) 02:24, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
* No, it wouldn't. "Polish death camp" is not "fallacious", as "death camp in Poland" is a valid reading. Either the simple "terms" or the completely accurate "ambiguous terms" would be best. --Khajidha (talk) 12:33, 8 May 2018 (UTC)
I must chime in to say that the current state of the lede sentence is unacceptable. If you want to make a flat editorial judgement call of academic/expert consensus of fact, you need more than two sources, at least one of which is an academic/expert source stating plainly that there is indeed some sort of community consensus. Otherwise, there should be four citations affirming the mischaracterization of death camps immediately following "misnomer", or whatever word you decide to use. (As a side note, the very first clause of an article should be the plain no-frills definition of "death camp," following which you can say it is the overwhelming consensus of historians that the term is a misnomer.) For decent examples of ledes for subjects in which there is a popular opinion counter to the expert consensus, see Intelligent design, Creation–evolution controversy, or Global warming controversy. Finally, any such strong affirmation of a negative should then be followed in the next graf with something similarly sourced – a single academic-style review or multiple media/specialized examples – that illustrates what this misconception of "Polish death camps" is and to what extent it pervades culture. SamuelRiv (talk) 01:57, 18 May 2018 (UTC)
* You appear to have missed the whole point of this article. "Death camp" is not the misnomer, and it does not need defining. And whence does this "four citations" assertion stem? Batternut (talk) 07:59, 18 May 2018 (UTC)
Misnomers, disputed
I have tagged this statement in the opening sentence as disputed, because it clearly is. Already two editors have reverted it, despite the ongoing discussion and disagreement here. Please do not remove a tag which is obviously accurate. --hippo43 (talk) 08:38, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* The current consensus, as established by an RfC is that the word "misnomer" is appropriate. Hence, no, it's not disputed. Yes, there's another RfC but you can wait till that concludes before you continue with your WP:TEND attempts at subverting consensus (which doesn't look like it's gonna change).Volunteer Marek (talk) 08:43, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* It is disputed. Obviously. Numerous editors (User:Zekelayla, User:Pincrete, User:Albin_Schmitt, User:Khajidha, User:A Quest For Knowledge, User:Sakuranohi for example) have disputed it before, during and after the RfC in February. --hippo43 (talk) 09:02, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
Tagging a statement as disputed can be useful to start a discussion. But use of the word "misnomer" has already been discussed and agreed by this RfC. and some others may well dispute the outcome of that discussion, as evinced by the discussion upon the subsidiary question of attribution style. However, that secondary discussion shows little sign of overturning the agreed use of the word "misnomer", so tagging it as disputed is not reasonable. We don't tag RfC outcomes as disputed because there were minority voices against the outcome - if we did the site would be absolutely littered with dispute tags. Batternut (talk) 10:07, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* Except that the usage in the press and by the supporters here is contrary to the definition of the word. Describing something in Poland as Polish is neither incorrect nor inappropriate. This encyclopedia is supposed to be written in correct English, the usage of misnomer here is incorrect. --Khajidha (talk) 11:34, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* I think calling the Elgin marbles English or Londoner because that's where they currently are would be similarly misnomerish, and probably similarly offensive. But anyway, this again is the argument. Get over it, jeepers. Batternut (talk) 13:10, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* So, by that criterion, the Statue of Liberty is not an American statue? --Khajidha (talk) 13:27, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* As so often, it depends on the criteria. Is your criterion its geographical location, or the nationality of its sculptor? Nihil novi (talk) 13:33, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* Which is exactly the argument you are rejecting by calling "Polish death camp" a misnomer. --Khajidha (talk) 14:14, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* This is the kind of geographic usage that makes perfect sense. Or does it imply that the Volkswagen factory was to be built and operated by Poland? --hippo43 (talk) 14:40, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
When will the survey be closed? Nihil novi (talk) 13:33, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
Hey guys, that's some great original research. Unfortunately, that's not how Wikipedia works. There was an RfC. Those arguments have already been made and were rejected. The RfC was properly closed. This is the current consensus. Unless the new RfC closes differently (and it don't look like it) all your strongly held opinions and musings on the proper use of the term "misnomer" are irrelevant. And. Stop. Edit. Warring.Volunteer Marek (talk) 14:53, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* Firstly, the person closing the prev RfC very specifically said that there was widespread agreement that some other way of describing the ambiguity/inaccuracy/potentially misleading nature of the term P-d-c, had received very widespread support, but the closer couldn't rule on it as the question had not been asked, merely the binary choice of misnomer yes/no. So could we drop the 'ignoring consensus' stuff, since the closer specifically says that there is room to further discuss how to record the inaccurate or misleading nature of the term other than as a 'misnomer', which, if I remember correctly is used by very few sources (ADL?). Other sources use other ways to describe the (potentially?) misleading nature of the term - while others record that they can't understand what all the fuss is about, which, like it or not, is as valid a stance as any other.
* No one on WP thinks that P-d-c is the best, clearest, least ambiguous way to refer to camps that were located in occupied Poland, but "the Thames is a British river", "Theresa May is a British Prime Minister", "Steve McQueen is a British film director", all contain ambiguities or inaccuracies, yet they are used on a daily basis, sometimes even in our leads (we assume that the reader will understand that McQueen is a British citizen - who makes films, not someone who makes British films, whereas May is British PM in the sense of being PM of the UK of GB and NI - commonly abbreviated to 'Britain'). OK this is WP:OR, but misnomer is usually reserved for terms that are wholly wrong (AFAIK, there is nothing remotely French about 'French fries'), not terms that are imperfect because they are ambiguous.
* Am I alone in thinking that it would be a great deal more informative to the reader to record WHO finds the term offensively misleading, and WHY they do so - rather than attempting to characterise the ambiguous nature of the term in WPVOICE? Pincrete (talk) 22:09, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
* What wrong with "the Thames is a British river"? Seems OK to me. Batternut (talk) 10:06, 10 May 2018 (UTC)
* Batternut, you are right. The geographical meaning is clear. British river = river in Britain. Just as Polish death camp = death camp in Poland. --hippo43 (talk) 16:45, 18 May 2018 (UTC)
* Rivers don't have nationality, and 'Britain' has different meanings in geographical or political contexts. 'A river in England/Great Britain' would be more precise and is the wording we would use on WP, but the other form is very everyday usage whose meaning would be understood almost universally. Pincrete (talk) 08:32, 11 May 2018 (UTC)
* "... understood almost universally". Almost? Who on earth is going to misunderstand that? There is no ambiguity or inaccuracy with "the Thames is a British river". None whatsoever. Nope! Uh uh... Batternut (talk) 09:14, 11 May 2018 (UTC)
* We would not use it on WP, because a simple alternative is clearer and more precise. You seem to be missing my point. All such 'shorthand' adjectival uses have a degree of imprecision or ambiguity - sometimes it's miniscule, sometimes it's substantive, sometimes it's of a kind that causes offence to some (eg the use of "British Isles" as a geographical term that includes the Republic of Ireland). That is what is distinctive about 'Pdc' as a term, not 'how wrong' it is, but that the nature of the ambiguity is of a kind that causes offence. That is the very essence of the 'controversy'- whether the term inherently implies responsibility, because there is simply zero controversy about whether Poles/Poland was in any way responsible for what happened in occupied Poland - one needs to be historically illiterate to think they were. Pincrete (talk) 09:59, 11 May 2018 (UTC)
* What is the "simple alternative" that you propose? Volunteer Marek (talk) 23:11, 13 May 2018 (UTC)
* I've mentioned the simple alternative numerous times, "ambiguous terms".--Khajidha (talk) 12:55, 15 May 2018 (UTC)
* That's the point: many people are historically illiterate, and it's incumbent on us to minimize the adverse effects of that illiteracy, rather than passively (and sometimes maliciously) accept the harm being done. Nihil novi (talk) 16:56, 13 May 2018 (UTC)
* Pincrete, your statement "there is simply zero controversy about whether Poles/Poland was in any way responsible for what happened in occupied Poland - one needs to be historically illiterate to think they were" is quite mistaken, I assure you. But perhaps you only meant to refer to the administration of the camps, and not to occupied Poland outside of the camps. Sakuranohi (talk) 22:12, 13 May 2018 (UTC)
* Pincrete, I find the term offensively ambiguous. The camps were German / Nazi death camps located in Poland. Many Poles died there, and on the other hand many Poles were also collaborators in genocide. Lack of precision in description is indicative of lack of seriousness about this very serious historical period. We don't care enough to be accurate? As a reminder, millions of people died in these camps, and shrugging them off with this problematic language is insulting to their memory. Accurate description is not difficult. So I agree that description of the dispute, and who is offended, is at least a useful acknowledgement of the problem. Sakuranohi (talk) 22:03, 13 May 2018 (UTC)
The weight of this controversy makes it apparent that people are more interested in being RIGHT than being CLEAR. Me, if I chose a word and then found it was loaded with other meaning, I'd drop that word like a hot potato and adopt another term that is more agreeable. The big flap over one word is silly bull-headedness. I too have my own interpretation of misnomer -- and I'm not writing it up here. I'd rather say OOPS, WRONG WORD, here is an alternate way to express myself -- lots of words in the thesaurus and if misnomer doesn't work... GeeBee60 (talk) 21:18, 14 May 2018 (UTC)
* I find it ironic that people complain about the usage of "Polish" because it carries erroneous connotations, but insist upon using "misnomer" despite the fact that it also carries erroneous connotations here. --Khajidha (talk) 12:55, 15 May 2018 (UTC)
Is Yair Lapid's bogus encyclopedic?
Yair Lapid misinformed about his family. His exact word show his ignorance, because the Holocaust was done by German police and collaboration units (e.g. Lithuanian) rather than by German soldiers, who participated in police actions during their hollidays.Xx236 (talk) 09:52, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* While I share the sentiment over some of Lapid's stmts (e.g. the a-historical "[t]here were Polish death camps") while not sharing regarding others (e.g. "hundreds of thousands of Jews were murdered without ever meeting a German soldier" - inaccurate perhaps in amount if this is strictly "without meeting") - Lapid's comments were widely commented on - and they should probably be in the article. What we could perhaps do to balance - is add criticism of Lapid's stmts - particularly the "death camp" one.Icewhiz (talk) 12:14, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* Please move the statement to German soldier controversy. Not every dumb statement of anyone about anything belongs here. Xx236 (talk) 12:38, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* Paris Hilton is certainly more popular that Lapid, but we don't quote her. Some knowledge and logic are expected. Are Israeli politician so dumb, you find his opinions interesting? I don't. I don't terrorize you using Polish politicians' bogus. Xx236 (talk) 12:40, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* The problem is that in relation to this controversy Lapid received quite a bit of international coverage. However, he was also criticized by experts - e.g. His statements were historically inaccurate on several levels, according to Efraim Zuroff, a prominent historian on the Holocaust and the Eastern Europe director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center ... (+he goes on to say why) Jewish Week.Icewhiz (talk) 14:48, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* I would agree that Yair Lapid's comments are notable given the wide coverage which demonstrates their relevance. We are not endorsing them merely by reporting them, we simply are reporting that the statements happened, plain and simple, and doing so makes the page more informative. If some Polish politician said something that received the same amount of coverage -- which can be followed by commentary by actual experts about those statements-- it would also be reported, as has been widely done with far more outlandish figures in politics such as Vladimir Zhirinovsky. After all, this page is about the controversy, and commentary such as Lapid's is part of that controversy.--Calthinus (talk) 17:50, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* Lapid is quoted twice, please explain why.
* Some poeple believe everything they read, so lies quoted by Wikipedia become true. Xx236 (talk) 06:12, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
2018 Polish law
This page is dominated by the 2018 Polish law subsection. If you are so interested in the subject, please create a separate page.
* The critics of thew law is pure propaganda and lies and even one thousand reliable sources doesn't change it. No person commenting the law knows it. The law was based on Israeli laws. Israel has proven it controls the Holocaust, but the control doesn't have any connection with the Holocaust in occupied Poland. No Axi collaborant obtained so much hate recently like anti=Nazi Poland did.Xx236 (talk) 12:50, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* Good point. The 2018 Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance had a connection with the defamation of Poles and Poland by the malicious and / or ignorant, but a brief paragraph about the 2018 Amendment in this article should suffice.
* There already is a separate page covering the 2018 Amendment. It is part of the article on the "Act on the Institute of National Remembrance".
* Thanks.
* Nihil novi (talk) 21:19, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
Yad Vashem
http://www.yadvashem.org/blog/in-response-to-comments-regarding-death-camps-in-poland.html Xx236 (talk) 09:05, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks, Xx236. I've added this Yad Vashem link to the article's external links.
* Had this link been added earlier, I wonder whether it wouldn't have shortened the editing efforts on this article by a few months.
* Nihil novi (talk) 11:56, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
* No, because Yad Vashem is simply wrong. "Polish death camps" is not an error, it is an imprecise formulation. --Khajidha (talk) 12:05, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* We quote reliable sources. You are not a reliable source.Xx236 (talk) 12:48, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* We do not blindly follow sources, if the source usage is wrong we ignore that source or point out its error. I am not invoking myself as a reliable source, I am relying on English dictionaries. As "located in Poland" is a valid definition of "Polish", "Polish death camp" is (by definition) not incorrect or erroneous. --Khajidha (talk) 12:59, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* What is in Poland? It's a Polish POV that there existe dany Poland during WWII. Auschwitz and Chełmno were in Germany proper and the other camps in GG, which was a criminal Nazi creation. POlish death camps is sometimes extrapolated in such way that all Nazi camps are called Polish.Xx236 (talk) 13:34, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* All of them are in areas that were part of Poland both before the invasion and after the war ended, they can all be described as Polish locations or as being in Poland. --Khajidha (talk) 14:48, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* Stutthof concentration camp wasn't in Poland before ww2. Batternut (talk) 15:11, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
* An example in Spanish Oskar Gröning, de 93 años, habló durante la apertura del juicio en su contra en Alemania. Está acusado de complicidad en 300.000 homicidios agravados en el campo de concentración polaco. The phrase misinforms that Auschwitz was a Polish camp, not a Nazi or German, not in Poland but precisely Polish. It's interesting who is Oskar Gröning, probably a bad Pole accused by good Germans. Xx236 (talk) 12:06, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
* I have no idea if "polaco" in Spanish has the same degree of ambiguity as "Polish" in English, but Spanish usage is totally irrelevant to English usage. --Khajidha (talk) 12:52, 18 July 2018 (UTC)
Gabriel's tweet
Please correct the reference
* Xx236 (talk) 10:27, 21 September 2018 (UTC)
* Dear editors, is this page better without the precise reference? Xx236 (talk) 14:30, 5 November 2018 (UTC)
State TV ran antisemitic crawls on a talk show;
The same Wolski's comment is listed later without explanation.Xx236 (talk) 14:28, 5 November 2018 (UTC)
the video was removed after widespread criticism
YEs, but with a nasty comment that Polish Jews are terrorized by Polish nationalists. It's not the same.Xx236 (talk) 14:34, 5 November 2018 (UTC)
* Nasty? We certainly could expound on Polish Jews fearing for their safety (e.g. due to antisemitic stmts made on Polish state TV and elsewhere) and non-Polish organizations tamping down their criticism in a hope that the antisemitic threat level would reduce. Icewhiz (talk) 17:12, 5 November 2018 (UTC)
* Icewhiz, I have visited a synagogue in Poland in September. There were no armed policemen there, the guide didn't say any word about any threat. But you know better. You know better than the government of Israel. BTW - why do so many Jews ask for Polish citizenship if Poland is so dangerous for them?
* Do you find "Polish Holocaust" to be rational "criticism"? It seems to be hate speach. Xx236 (talk) 08:41, 6 November 2018 (UTC)
* a group of Polish rabbis thanked the Polish Bishops' conference for condemning a rise in anti-Semitism in the controversy, and said they would "continue to speak out against analogous attitudes among Jews" - please contact the Polish rabbis.Xx236 (talk) 08:52, 6 November 2018 (UTC)
* The antisemitic threats towards the Polish Jewish community are well covered and source able - e.g. WaPo, CNN, JPost - which is stronger evidence than a personal visit (lack of police BTW - would imply lack of state protection if anything - though generally such protection is covert... Nor would a guide be expected to mention nor emphasize such a threat). The Jewish Polish community is obviously doing what it has to do to scrape by. As for citizenship applications - they generally have nothing to do with Polish residence and quite a bit to do with the Schengen Area. My own, irrelevant, personal opinion is that "Polish Holocaust" is wrong (no - not hate speech, but highly imprecise, and insensitive) - though I understand the motivations behind the campaign. Icewhiz (talk) 10:02, 6 November 2018 (UTC)
* Please name the antisemitic acts. You use antisemitism as a tool against Poland. WaPo and CNN as sources about Poland? They are obsaessed by hatred to alleged fascism. Why do they ignore 100 more visible fascism in Germany?Xx236 (talk) 14:41, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
The recent research result
This misnomer was created during the editorial correction of Jan Karski article's typescript 1944: http://justiceforpolishvictims.org/polish-experience/the-real-source-of-misnomer-polish-death-camps-jacek-gancarson-ms-natalia-zaytseva-phd/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by JacekVR (talk • contribs) 20:49, 31 January 2019 (UTC)
said they would "continue to speak out against analogous attitudes among Jews"
Have they? If not, the quote should be removed.Xx236 (talk) 13:33, 20 March 2019 (UTC)
Why an important discovery of an editorial infringement of Jan Karski article 1944 has been removed from Wikipedia?
All the efforts to improve the Wikipedia will be late if the corrections will be removed without any discussion. Here is the link explaining first occurance of the misnomer. http://justiceforpolishvictims.org/polish-experience/the-real-source-of-misnomer-polish-death-camps-jacek-gancarson-ms-natalia-zaytseva-phd/ I added it to the references 19 Feb 2019 but it has disappeared. --JacekVR (talk) 11:49, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* Not remotely reliable. Same site hosts Having Fun in The Ghetto by Jerzy Robert Nowak (attribured to Nowak's blog) who has, umm, quite a reputation in this regard. Not quite clear who runs this wordpress blog, but it is full of far right and conspiracy nonesense.Icewhiz (talk) 12:11, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* Just the hypertext markup language protocol makes it very easy to check the article internal logic and its references with text scanner to verify reliability. Connecting the article reliability to its physical location is not so much in the spirit of the HTML. Our discovery has not much to do with the location of our article: http://justiceforpolishvictims.org/polish-experience/the-real-source-of-misnomer-polish-death-camps-jacek-gancarson-ms-natalia-zaytseva-phd/JacekVR (talk) 17:12, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* The blog may or may not be correct - but it does not matter - we need a better source than a blog.Icewhiz (talk) 17:17, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* Well, we are on the way to publish an article but it would be very sad if Wikipedia was unable to verify logically such a simple text. Its logic together with pictures make the whole verification very simple. Who ever text reviewer or editor can verify the linked text and fact described in it http://justiceforpolishvictims.org/polish-experience/the-real-source-of-misnomer-polish-death-camps-jacek-gancarson-ms-natalia-zaytseva-phd/ Sorry bu claiming paper publication sounds reversial to the concept of wikipedia advantges.JacekVR (talk) 17:42, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* Should this be published in a WP:RS - then we may consider inclusion. As long as it is unpublished or in a blog - not. Wikipedia reflects published sources, not unpublished ones.Icewhiz (talk) 17:56, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* We? King Icewhiz?Xx236 (talk) 08:30, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
* I am not sure this is a blog, but at the same time it doesn't seem to raise above a 'random webpage'. I can't find information on what organization publishes that page? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:53, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
* Do you mean that the documents are forged by Polish nationalists? Please be serious.Xx236 (talk) 08:32, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
* Jacek Gancarson is a reliable historian http://agad.gov.pl/?page_id=880 WP:RS "Anyone can create a personal web page or publish their own book and claim to be an expert in a certain field." That's obviously not the case. Gancarson is an expert in archive studies. The story was published in Niedziela.https://m.niedziela.pl/artykul/35260/Jak-przypisano-Janowi-Karskiemu-polski Niedziela is reliable exactly like Israeli press. Xx236 (talk) 08:37, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
* I have reverted the text referencing Niedziela.Xx236 (talk) 11:21, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
Added scans of the editorial changes and PhD's article about the same: http://justiceforpolishvictims.org/polish-experience/the-real-source-of-misnomer-polish-death-camps-jacek-gancarson-ms-natalia-zaytseva-phd/ Zezen (talk) 13:47, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
Yair Lapid
Yair Lapid tweeted in 2018, "My grandmother was murdered in Poland by Germans and Poles." https://forward.com/fast-forward/393028/yair-lapid-fights-with-poland-embassy-over-polish-death-camps-bill/. Later he corrected it to "My great-grandmother, Hermione Lampel, was murdered in the Holocaust in Poland." https://twitter.com/yairlapid/status/964090139545952256. In his 2019 interview with Onet.pl, "[she] was murdered in Auschwitz." Though he doesn't use the phrase "Polish death camp", he says that Auschwitz was Polish or German-Polish. Xx236 (talk) 11:19, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
* The Auschwitz Museum compares Lapid's words to Holocaust revisionism. https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/yair-lapid-behaving-like-holocaust-denier-auschwitz-museum-saysXx236 (talk) 07:46, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
* Run by the PiS controlled government, which has been under fire in academic sources for its "historical policy". Icewhiz (talk) 07:54, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
* The Auschwitz Museum is run by Piotr Cywiński, who is rather far from PiS. Horgelblob (talk) 11:34, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
* It's nice to have an opponent who keeps shooting himself in the foot. Xx236 (talk) 06:57, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
Roman ruins in UK, American bases in Germany and Teutonic Castle in Poland
Daniel Tilles noticed recently on Twitter
''Roman ruins in Britain are called 'Roman', not 'British'. US bases in Germany are called 'American', not 'German'. Nazi German camps in Poland should be called 'Nazi German', not 'Polish'. Please can people stop arguing that the adjective denotes location, not responsibility.'' https://twitter.com/danieltilles1/status/1183006872506376192?s=20
Also Malbork castle is referee by the British frequently as Teutonic castle not Polish castle (also on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malbork_Castle) because it has been built by the German knights. Another example from Wikipedia American military bases in Japan that are not called Japanese bases but American bases https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forces_Japan Also Japanese camps in Indonesia where Dutch were imprisoned during WW2 are not called Indonesian camps but Japanese camps https://www.japanseburgerkampen.nl/IndexE.htm I could go on like this forever. Using the term "Polish camps" is an oddity that is not confirmed by similar usages in British and American English so it should not be used ever again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MiśKolabor (talk • contribs) 14:37, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
Bringing back misnomer dispute
Someone please explain how the "misnomer" request for consensus decided that it was appropriate to say in the first sentence that it is a misnomer. The box says "Consensus is against using in-text attribution.", which seems to mean that it should not be present there. Furthermore, the adjective "Polish" refers to something in Poland, which means it cannot be completely false. Such a statement is like saying "Vaccines have no harmful side effects." While the scholarly consensus is overwhelmingly in favor of vaccines, that does not mean that any side effects which have been observed do not exist. Even though reliable sources find "Polish death camps" to be misleading, that does not mean it is entirely wrong and can be objectively characterized as a "misnomer". Even moving the word "misnomer" from being the direct object of the sentence's copula would make a difference to this degree. Wikipedia does not need to follow government's guidelines, whether it be the Chinese, American, or Polish government. — Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 03:19, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
* Citation [2] is from the Jewish Telegraphic Agency quoting the Anti Defamation League stating the phrase is a "misnomer". That's a high quality reference supporting the content. If you have found a notable or general-view citation that appears to contradict that, then please supply it here and we can discuss the merits of rephrasing the content per WP:NPOV.
* Conceptually, the analogy of "Vaccines have no harmful side effects" doesn't apply, firstly because there's no citation which verifies the information that vaccines have no harmful side effects. Let's remember the perils of arguments by analogy such as the Watchmaker analogy, whereby philosophers 'proved' god exists by saying the clockwork universe is like a watch, so therefore it must have a watchmaker.
* It's sometimes more useful to test other examples with the same rationale. Would Wikipedia refer to the Alderney camps on the British Channel Islands as British concentration camps? And if people started inadvertently referring to them as British concentration camps, would Wikipedia cite references describing the phrase as a misnomer, or not?
* And where would that leave the British concentration camps? Would it be acceptable for Wikipedia to call them South African concentration camps? -Chumchum7 (talk) 09:49, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
* It's very POV.— Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 12:36, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
* Meaning? (What is "it"?) Nihil novi (talk) 03:48, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
* It's not at all objective to say it's a misnomer. Where else does Wikipedia provide such blatant viewpoints as truth? Even on pages for neo-nazi people it does not say "So-and-so is a racist" in the lead. Wikipedia does not nead to "refer to the Alderney camps on the British Channel Islands as British concentration camps" but it doesn't need to say that they are not "British concentration camps either".
Furthermore, just because someone apologizes for saying something doesn't mean it's "objectively wrong". — Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 03:56, 16 January 2020 (UTC)
Back when I was still only a couple of years at Wikipedia, I still needed to comprehend just how rooted it is in what we can prove with evidence is verifiable over what we perceive to be the truth, or obvious, or objective. Compare, for example, the Myth of the flat Earth. We describe it as a "misconception". Given plenty of people have assumed that society used to think the Earth is flat, or disagree that Flat Earth is a misconception, what we say is not objective. What we say is verifiable, with references to Russell and Newsweek. Right now, this article verifies a source stating it is a misnomer. It does not have a requirement for what someone perceives as objectivity. I'm hereby repeating myself: per WP:NPOV, until that verification is convincingly contradicted by another verifiable source, Wikipedia has no other way of dealing with it. -Chumchum7 (talk) 07:59, 18 January 2020 (UTC)
* Unlike the question of whether the Earth is flat, whether a phrase used such as "British concentration camp" or "Polish concentration camp" is accurate can be neither true or false. It is possible to say "experts have rejected the phrase" or they consider it inaccurate, but the article should not say "is a misnomer". This is a violation of "Avoid stating opinions as facts." as presented at WP:YESPOV.
If there is any dispute over the "inaccuracy" of this term, which there is, then that is a violation of the rule in WP:IMPARTIAL to not engage directly in disputes but instead describe them. If you can point me to a single other page in which there is a consensus to keep such a direct sentence in Wikipedia's voice for a clearly subjective question, I will accept it.— Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 03:02, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
"Avoid stating opinions as facts"
See WP:WIKIVOICE. "For example, an article should not state that 'genocide is an evil action', but it may state that 'genocide has been described by John So-and-so as the epitome of human evil.'" You will not find a source that says genocide is not evil. Therefore according to this policy, whether we can find a source saying these ARE Polish death camps is irrelevant. I propose the first sentence be changed to ""Polish death camp" and "Polish concentration camp" are phrases, widely characterized as misnomers, that have been a subject of controversy and legislation."
I shouldn't have to say this, but I have nothing against the Poles and I don't believe they were responsible for the Holocaust. I am aware of how many of them were murdered or enslaved during the Third Reich. I am not an advocate of revisionist history. — Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 16:48, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
* The example is stupid. Genocide is crime, crime is evil. If you go into relativism to say that "evil" is just an opinion, then we are in deep sh*t. Lembit Staan (talk) 22:50, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* The phrases are misnomers, precisely because they are "widely characterized" as such. We are not going to split hairs just because some say it is not. We are not writing that "Earth is widely chracterized as round" because there are vocal supporters of Flat Earth. Or may other statements based on scientific consensus rather than measurements. Lembit Staan (talk) 22:50, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* "Earth is round" is an objectively measureable fact. "Polish concentration camp is a misnomer" is an opinion that cannot be verified or falsified. (t · c) buidhe 23:08, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* There are plenty of statements which are deemed true or false only due to a consensus. "flat earth" is just the first thing that popped to my mind. I could have continued this dispute, but see no sense, because after some thinking I agree with your version of lede. Lembit Staan (talk) 23:12, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
Nicotine is a widely used stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants (most notably in tobacco). It is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms.[6][4][7][8] Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs),[9][10][11] except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist
* BTW, while searching for an example I found a ridiculous lede in wikipedia:
* From it one may conclude nicotine is a Good Thing: it is a stimulant, helps to fight smoking, right? I've seen lots of bullsh*t in wikipedia and now mostly DGAF. But maybe someone wants to do something with nicotine. Lembit Staan (talk) 22:50, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* After thinking about it, I conclude that Naddruf is right. There is no objective definition of what is a misnomer. RS have occasionally argued that it is not a misnomer because the camps were located in Poland. Ergo, Naddruf's phrasing should be preferred. (PS, our article on Genocide does not state that it is evil, it says that it is against international criminal law). (t · c) buidhe 22:54, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* However, I disagree with removing the disclaimer I added in the first sentence that misnomer only applies to Nazi Germany's camps. Calling Bereza Katruska or Zgoda a "Polish concentration camp" is not a misnomer, according to many RS. (t · c) buidhe 22:59, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* Genocide article does not say it is evil because it is a triviality. Neither Wikipedia say that blood libel is evil or Katyn Massacre was evil, etc. Lembit Staan (talk) 23:02, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* I didn't compose that example about genocide myself, it is found on WP:NPOV, a policy. If anybody wants to change a policy, they would have to get consensus. — Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 23:25, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* I am not going to change the policy, even this stupid example, despite the fact there are 1,620,000. google hits for "genocide is evil". What is more, the example in the policy suggests that only John So-and-so thinks that genocide is evil and maybe most people think genocide is OK. The Moon is not made of blue cheese. Lembit Staan (talk) 02:04, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
* Unfortunately I have to undo the change of the lede by colleague Buidhe. After careful re-reading I find that the sources cited describe it as "misnomer". Please find RS that say "widely described as misnomer", then you may re-insert your version. Lembit Staan (talk) 02:12, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
* "Avoid stating opinions as facts" is a red herring. We cite things from sources. Multiple reliable sources describe it as a misnomer, not "in opinion of some patriotic Poles it is a misnomer" or something. Lembit Staan (talk) 02:16, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
* After more reading around:
* I saw at the very top of the page a RFC on the very subject ("misnomer"). Of course, consensus may change, but at the very minimum if you want to change something about the word beating the consensus, you may only do so by a comparable consensus, not just a couple of guys who have nothing better to do :-).
* I also re-read our article misnomer, which, in particular, says The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception",[2] and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect. From which I conclude that the word "misnomer" does not adequately reflect the article: IMHO the whole fuss is not about whether it is nomer or misnomer, but about improper usage of the term. Therefore I suggest to refocus the discussion on how the lede would adequately describe the article content. (I would also note that the usage the term "misnomer" by many people is a misnomer itself. It is so common that dictionaries caution against this. :-) Lembit Staan (talk) 03:18, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
* Therefor suggestion: get rid of the word "misnomer" and make a more descriptive description (yeah, I know :-)) of the term. Lembit Staan (talk) 03:38, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
Inquiring minds
* Just a thought! When I read in the "Mass media" section: "In 2009 Zbigniew Osewski, grandson of a Stutthof concentration camp prisoner, announced that he was suing Axel Springer AG for calling Majdanek concentration camp a "former Polish concentration camp" in a November 2008 article in the German newspaper Die Welt. The case started in 2012.", I immediately wonder what happened to the case. Apparently the case was dismissed. The plaintiff appealed, which was also dismissed (March 31, 2016), and in February 2017 the Supreme Court refused to hear the cessation appeal.
* It might be noted that the Court of Appeals stated: "the dissemination of such statements is against the law and led to the infringement of the claimant’s personal rights in the form of a sense of national identity and national dignity". At any rate, it seems lop-sided to just leave it hanging (#2). -- Otr500 (talk) 15:40, 19 February 2020 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 22 March 2021
Repair dead link under Mass Media in "Polish or German extermination camps?" citation from http://pl.auschwitz.org/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=656&Itemid=12 to http://www.auschwitz.org/muzeum/aktualnosci/polskie-czy-niemieckie-obozy-zaglady,596.html Che es etro n246 talk 14:23, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* All set, thanks. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 12:18, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
A whole article on this?
Obviously, the camps weren't run by Poland. Who's confused by this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:18, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
* You might be surprised at the ignorance of history – even of current events – among parts of humankind.
* Nihil novi (talk) 06:15, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
* I was educated by this article. I wasn't aware of this issue and the sensitivity, etc. (And I'm half-Polish from my mother's side). I think though, by giving so much attention to this, it can perpetuate it. Maybe just a paragraph or two that explains the controversy, that these were German Nazi Camps, located *in* Poland, might be more constructive than an article of this length, that seemingly goes on like this. But I can also understand why this is the way it is. Jeff out. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:18, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
* I agree. But once politicians and interest groups join in the "debate", it becomes an aerial-combat dogfight.
* Thanks for expressing your views.
* Nihil novi (talk) 08:07, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
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org.apache.tomcat.util.net
Class ServerSocketFactory
java.lang.Object
extended byorg.apache.tomcat.util.net.ServerSocketFactory
All Implemented Interfaces:
java.lang.Cloneable
Direct Known Subclasses:
JSSESocketFactory, PureTLSSocketFactory
public abstract class ServerSocketFactory
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.lang.Cloneable
This class creates server sockets. It may be subclassed by other factories, which create particular types of server sockets. This provides a general framework for the addition of public socket-level functionality. It it is the server side analogue of a socket factory, and similarly provides a way to capture a variety of policies related to the sockets being constructed.
Like socket factories, Server Socket factory instances have two categories of methods. First are methods used to create sockets. Second are methods which set properties used in the production of sockets, such as networking options. There is also an environment specific default server socket factory; frameworks will often use their own customized factory.
It may be desirable to move this interface into the java.net package, so that is not an extension but the preferred interface. Should this be serializable, making it a JavaBean which can be saved along with its networking configuration?
Author:
db@eng.sun.com, Harish Prabandham
Field Summary
protected java.util.Hashtable attributes
Constructor Summary
protected ServerSocketFactory()
Constructor is used only by subclasses.
Method Summary
abstract java.net.Socket acceptSocket(java.net.ServerSocket socket)
Wrapper function for accept().
abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port)
Returns a server socket which uses all network interfaces on the host, and is bound to a the specified port.
abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port, int backlog)
Returns a server socket which uses all network interfaces on the host, is bound to a the specified port, and uses the specified connection backlog.
abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port, int backlog, java.net.InetAddress ifAddress)
Returns a server socket which uses only the specified network interface on the local host, is bound to a the specified port, and uses the specified connection backlog.
static ServerSocketFactory getDefault()
Returns a copy of the environment's default socket factory.
abstract void handshake(java.net.Socket sock)
Extra function to initiate the handshake.
void initSocket(java.net.Socket s)
void setAttribute(java.lang.String name, java.lang.Object value)
General mechanism to pass attributes from the ServerConnector to the socket factory.
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
Field Detail
attributes
protected java.util.Hashtable attributes
Constructor Detail
ServerSocketFactory
protected ServerSocketFactory()
Constructor is used only by subclasses.
Method Detail
setAttribute
public void setAttribute(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.Object value)
General mechanism to pass attributes from the ServerConnector to the socket factory. Note that the "prefered" mechanism is to use bean setters and explicit methods, but this allows easy configuration via server.xml or simple Properties
getDefault
public static ServerSocketFactory getDefault()
Returns a copy of the environment's default socket factory.
createSocket
public abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port)
throws java.io.IOException,
java.lang.InstantiationException
Returns a server socket which uses all network interfaces on the host, and is bound to a the specified port. The socket is configured with the socket options (such as accept timeout) given to this factory.
Parameters:
port - the port to listen to
Throws:
java.io.IOException - for networking errors
java.lang.InstantiationException - for construction errors
createSocket
public abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port,
int backlog)
throws java.io.IOException,
java.lang.InstantiationException
Returns a server socket which uses all network interfaces on the host, is bound to a the specified port, and uses the specified connection backlog. The socket is configured with the socket options (such as accept timeout) given to this factory.
Parameters:
port - the port to listen to
backlog - how many connections are queued
Throws:
java.io.IOException - for networking errors
java.lang.InstantiationException - for construction errors
createSocket
public abstract java.net.ServerSocket createSocket(int port,
int backlog,
java.net.InetAddress ifAddress)
throws java.io.IOException,
java.lang.InstantiationException
Returns a server socket which uses only the specified network interface on the local host, is bound to a the specified port, and uses the specified connection backlog. The socket is configured with the socket options (such as accept timeout) given to this factory.
Parameters:
port - the port to listen to
backlog - how many connections are queued
ifAddress - the network interface address to use
Throws:
java.io.IOException - for networking errors
java.lang.InstantiationException - for construction errors
initSocket
public void initSocket(java.net.Socket s)
acceptSocket
public abstract java.net.Socket acceptSocket(java.net.ServerSocket socket)
throws java.io.IOException
Wrapper function for accept(). This allows us to trap and translate exceptions if necessary
Throws:
IOException;
java.io.IOException
handshake
public abstract void handshake(java.net.Socket sock)
throws java.io.IOException
Extra function to initiate the handshake. Sometimes necessary for SSL
Throws:
IOException;
java.io.IOException
Copyright © 2000-2012 Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
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* 2022 to date The Peale (formerly the Peale Center for Baltimore History and Architecture)
* https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wtZLAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA549 Mayor's Message and Reports of the City Officers
* https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/_/wMz_iSm_hJEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA41 A Complete View of Baltimore Joseph Chiappi
* https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/History_of_Baltimore_City_and_County_fro/6tF4AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Peale+Baltimore+Museum+1833&pg=PA693&printsec=frontcover 1881 source
* Revolver: Sam Colt and the Six-Shooter That Changed America Jim Rasenberger 2021 · Joseph E. Walker
* Handbill Edgar Allan Poe's Baltimore By David F. Gaylin · 2015 p53
* Alexandria Phenix Gazette, February 16, 1833, Pg. 2
* https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-baltimore-museum-fire/124410170/ Baltimore Museum fire 1873
In 1802 the museum moved again to Independence Hall, the former Pennsylvania statehouse. Peale retired in 1810 and left the running of the museum to his son Rubens. The museum was incorporated as the Philadelphia Museum Company in 1821. In 1822 Peale painted The Artist in His Museum, a self portrait with his museum in the Long Room of the Independence Hall in the background.
=== Other museums
In 1814 Peale's son Rembrandt opened a second Peale Museum in Baltimore, which was the first purpose built museum building in the United States. Rubens opened a third museum in New York in 1825. In the 1840s the Peale museums suffered from declining revenue and competition from the showman P. T. Barnum, who opened his American Museum in New York in 1842. The New York Peale museum was closed in 1842 and the Baltimore museum in 1845, their contents being sold to Barnum.
=== Later years
Peale died in 1827 and the museum moved again to Chestnut Street Arcade. Later Peale's son Titian took over and then his grandson Edmund. In 1838 the museum moved to a newly constructed building at Ninth and Sansom streets, which was also known as the Chinese Museum as it initially housed the Chinese collection of Nathan Dunn, one of its directors, in its lower story. That building burned down in 1854 The majority of the Philadelphia collection was sold to P. T. Barnum and Moses Kimball in 1849 and was subsequently lost or destroyed. The portrait collection was auctioned in 1854 and some of it was bought by the City of Philadelphia for display in Independence Hall.
FAG
Helen Vickroy Austin 2017 Ernesta Drinker Ballard 2011 x Helen Ballard 2020 Iris Bannochie 2006 x Émile Napoléon Baumann 2018 Jelena de Belder-Kovačič 2018 Rae Selling Berry 2015 x Sue Biggs 2018 Sylvia Blankenship 2023 Andrea Brunsendorf 2018 Maggie Campbell-Culver 2013 x Angelika Campbell, Countess Cawdor 2024 Pamela Cunningham Copeland 2017 Emma G. Cummings 2018 Anna de Diesbach 2009 x Margaret Bell Douglas 2019 Jane Edmanson 2018 Margery Fish 2016 Catherine FitzGerald 2019 Olive Fitzhardinge 2012 x Elizabeth Gilmer 2009 x Jane Norton Grew 2023 Annie Gulvin 2018 Jane B. Haines 2020 Beatrix Havergal 2009 x Isabelle Bowen Henderson 2024 Amelia Egerton, Lady Hume 2018 Alice Hutchins (gardener) 2021 Charlotte Knight 2015 x Snježana Kordić 2012 x Joy Larkcom 2021 Abra Lee 2021 Norah Lindsay 2009 x Cecily Littleton 2022 Tatjana Ljujić-Mijatović 2018 Mary McMurtrie 2014 x Corinne Melchers 2020 Hilda Murrell 2004 x Lady Dorothy Nevill 2008 x Anna B. Nickels 2021 Ethel Anson Peckham 2015 y Frances Perry (gardener) 2007 x Elza Polak 2018 Nora Pöyhönen 2016 Hortensia del Prado 2021 Isabella Preston 2016 Chrystabel Procter 2018 Elsie Reford 2010 x Patricia Easterbrook Roberts 2018 Eleanour Sinclair Rohde 2006 x Lester Gertrude Ellen Rowntree 2014 x Kate Sessions 2006 x Theodosia Burr Shepherd 2018 Holly Shimizu 2021 Midori Shintani (horticulturalist) 2021 Lady Beatrix Stanley 2020 Frances Tophill 2015 x Elisa Bailly de Vilmorin 2014 x Edna Walling 2005 x Susana, Lady Walton 2010 x Karen Washington 2017 Cynthia Westcott 2017 Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley 2016
Stony Brook
* https://web.archive.org/web/20200811043716/https://www.parkscollege.ox.ac.uk/about-our-building-project
* https://web.archive.org/web/20210309184345/https://estates.admin.ox.ac.uk/files/radcliffesciencelibrary1compressedpdf
Bavaria
Hi, I have reverted your edits to a couple of articles
* Duchy of Prussia . You added content to the article sourced to books about Italy, which are not high quality sources for the Duchy of Prussia.
* Byzantine civilisation in the 12th century . You added content to the article sourced to books about the Angevin Empire, which are not high quality sources for the Byzantine Empire. Also the section was about economic expansion, and the information was not relevant to the topic.
Would an 18-hour rotation be useful?
Hi, I see that you started the article Adelheid von Nassau-Dillenburg in November 2021. The articles ne:Adelheid van Vianden and en:Adelaide of Vianden are about the same person, but sources differ about her parents and date of death. https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/idrec/sn/bio/id/2273
* daughter of PHILIPP II von Vianden in nl https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LUXEMBOURG.htm#_Toc119513440
* daughter of Gottfried II von Vianden, Abbess of Kloster Keppel 1375 in de
We have just switched to 16 hooks a day on 23 August and back to 8 a day on 29 August, while we still have around 130 approved hooks. This was previously discussed at Wikipedia talk:Did you know/Archive 192.
* Gordon Fallows
* Geoffrey Allen (bishop)
* Desmond Carnelley
* Dennis Ede
* Michael Doe (bishop)
* John Oliver (Archdeacon of Leeds)
* John Delight
* John Packer
* Hedley Sparks
* Anthony Dyson (priest)
* Arthur Willis (athlete)
* John W. Rogerson
* Eric Halladay
* Robert Grimley
* Martin Wharton
* Mark Dalby
* Tim Stevens
* Stephen Sykes
* Charles Jenkinson (priest)
* Derrick Walters
* Peter Wheatley
* Stephen Stetler
* Gordon Taylor (Royal Navy chaplain)
* John Langdon (priest)
* Philip Turner (writer)
* Ian Ramsey
* John Bowker (theologian)
Translation
https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/9db5deea-6b43-3ed4-8a61-b9b06066ab50 Stephen Mullen page 5 says To the historian today Gildas's work has shortcomings. Besides mis- interpreting some of his evidence, he is vague, giving no precise dates and few names. His knowledge is confined mainly to west Britain and he knows little of the Anglo-Saxon settlements in the east. page 23 says Bede's sources for the pre - conversion period were scanty and it was beyond living memory. He adds little to his written authorities ( such as Pliny, Orosius, Gildas , Constantius's Life of St. Germanus , the Life of St Alban83 and the Liber Pontificalis84 ).
* Maria Schmitz
* Agnieszka Machówna
* Zborowski (Jastrzębiec)
* https://atom.lib.strath.ac.uk/jordanhill-college-of-education-glasgow
* The Glasgow Sugar Aristocracy: Scotland and Caribbean Slavery, 1775–1838
* A History of Catholic Education and Schooling in Scotland New Perspectives by Stephen J. McKinney, Raymond McCluskey · 2019
* Going It Alone: Catholic Schools in Scotland By WILLIAM JOSEPH MCKECHIN · 2018
* The Schooling of Working-Class Girls in Victorian Scotland Gender, Education and Identity By Jane McDermid · 2013
* Historical Writing in England - Volume 2 - Antonia Gransden · 1974 · https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zKUNAQAAMAAJ
* Towards tomorrow : the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus by Makower, Frances A
* Mother Mabel Digby a biography of the superior general of the Society of the Sacred Heart, 1835-1911 by Anne Pollen A
* Sudden Splendor: The Story of Mabel Digby Mary Kathleen Richardson · 1957 G
* I would prefer to keep the colleges separate as they originally had separate histories, though I agree the sources for Digby Stuart are a bit thin. Would removing the calligraphy section resolve the additional citations tag? I agree that a list of non-notable people is not needed.
* Grand Mosque Allahabad, official per https://islahulmuslimeen.org/grand-mosque-allahabad
* Allahabad Darbar per https://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%87%20%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%20%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%BB%D8%A7%D8%B1
* Dargah Allahabad Sharif per https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81
* Dargah Allahabad per https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF
Hi, I notice that you started da:University College Lillebælt. I think it would be useful to wikilink the former institutions with da Wikipedia articles, e.g. da:Jelling Seminarium, da:Odense Seminarium, da:Skårup Seminarium, da:Den Sociale Højskole (Odense).
* Modèle:Infobox Encyclopédie
* Modèle:Infobox Site web
* CVU Lillebælt= CVSU – Fyn, CVU Fyn, CVU Jelling, Odense Socialpædagogiske Seminarium, Skårup Seminarium, Sygeplejeskolen i Vejle and Amtscentrene for Undervisning på Fyn og i Vejle.
* CVU Lillebælt and Den Sociale Højskole i Odense
DYK
* three new churches
* correct Hague
* Timothy Gilbert
* Moody tent
* Emily Otis
* The village's official name was changed from in 2023.
* Anjum to Eanjum, Augsbuurt to Augsbuert-Lytsewâld, Bornwird to Boarnwert, Ee, Friesland to Ie, Noardeast-Fryslân, Engwierum to Ingwierrum, Hantumeruitburen to Hantumerútbuorren, Hantumhuizen to Hantumhuzen, Holwerd to Holwert, Kollumerzwaag to Kollumersweach, Lioessens to Ljussens, Metslawier to Mitselwier, Morra, Netherlands to Moarre, Niawier to Nijewier, Oosternijkerk to Easternijtsjerk, Oostmahorn to De Skâns-Oostmahorn, Oostrum to Eastrum, Oudwoude to Aldwâld, Paesens to Peazens, Triemen to De Trieme, Veenklooster to Feankleaster, Westergeest to Westergeast, Zwagerbosch to Sweagerbosk.
East Gothland Theatre → Östgötateatern
* Eanjum, Augsbuert-Lytsewâld, Boarnwert, Ie, Noardeast-Fryslân, Ingwierrum, Hantumerútbuorren, Hantumhuzen, Holwert, Kollumersweach, Ljussens, Mitselwier, Moarre, Nijewier, Easternijtsjerk, De Skâns-Oostmahorn, Eastrum, Aldwâld, Peazens, De Trieme, Feankleaster, Westergeast, Sweagerbosk.
* Peazens-Moddergat, Protestant church of Hantumhuzen.
* https://www.rtvnof.nl/22-dorpen-in-noardeast-fryslan-krijgen-op-1-januari-2023-een-nieuwe-friese-naam/595397/
* here
* "The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles Besançon, Søren Kierkegaard, and Göttingen are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms Nuremberg, delicatessen, and Florence are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively)."
* Freies Deutsches Hochstift Homepage
* Deutsches Romantik-Museum / Freies Deutsches Hochstift at museumsufer.de
* Frankfurter Goethe-Haus / Freies Deutsches Hochstift at museumsufer.de
* 2020 version of FRANKFURTER GOETHE-HAUS / FREIES DEUTSCHES HOCHSTIFT at museumsufer.de
* https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D1005950-7
* https://www.dw.com/de/romantik-deutschland/a-59174924
* Karl May School аттестаты certificates or attestat degrees
* I found a paper Mothers, Monsters, Maturation: Female Evil in Beowulf by Gwendolyn A. Morg (Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 1991) JSTOR link
* Template:Did you know nominations/Roy Field
* Template:Did you know nominations/Lille langebro
* Template:Did you know nominations/Red Book of Worcester
* Template:Did you know nominations/Trial of Neumann and Sass
* Template:Did you know nominations/Jørgen Læssøe
* Template:Did you know nominations/Kathleen Freeman (classicist)
* Template:Did you know nominations/Judith Schiff
* Canterbury 1770–1814, Calcutta 1814–1836, Sydney 1836–1847, Adelaide 1847–1856, Perth 1856–1904 and Bunbury 1904–
* Canterbury 1770–1814, Calcutta 1814–1836, Sydney 1836–1847, Adelaide 1847–1856, Perth 1856–1904 and Bunbury 1904–
Blackfriars Hall, Oxford
{{subst:Cfr2|Irvingism|Catholic Apostolic Church|text=Your reason(s) for the proposed rename. TSventon (talk) 12:07, 23 January 2023 (UTC)} } {{subst:Cfr2|Catholic Apostolic Church denominations|Apostolic Church denominations|text=Your reason(s) for the proposed rename. TSventon (talk) 12:07, 23 January 2023 (UTC)} } Move Talk:Blackfriars Hall, Oxford/Comments https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp351-353 Wikipedians interested in Baltimore Blast (the) Wikipedians interested in North Carolina FC Wikipedians interested in Charlotte Independence Wikipedians interested in Chicago Fire FC Wikipedians interested in Chivas USA Wikipedians interested in Colorado Rapids (the) Wikipedians interested in Columbus Crew SC (the) Columbus Crew Wikipedians interested in D.C. United Wikipedians interested in Detroit City FC Wikipedians interested in FC Dallas Wikipedians interested in Harrisburg Heat (2012–present) (the) Wikipedians interested in Houston Dynamo Houston Dynamo FC Wikipedians interested in Los Angeles Galaxy (the) LA Galaxy Wikipedians interested in Louisville City FC Wikipedians interested in Minnesota United FC Wikipedians interested in New England Revolution (the) Wikipedians interested in the New York City FC (moved by speedy) Wikipedians interested in New York Cosmos (2010) (the) Wikipedians interested in the New York Red Bulls (moved by speedy) Wikipedians interested in the New York Red Bulls II (moved by speedy) Wikipedians interested in Orlando City Soccer Club (6 P) Orlando City SC Wikipedians interested in Penn FC Wikipedians interested in Pittsburgh Riverhounds (5 P) Wikipedians interested in Portland Thorns FC (3 P) Wikipedians interested in Portland Timbers (11 P) Q Wikipedians interested in the Queensboro FC (3 P) R Wikipedians interested in Real Salt Lake (11 P) Wikipedians interested in the Reno 1868 FC (2 P) Wikipedians interested in Rochester Rhinos (3 P) S Wikipedians interested in the San Antonio FC (3 P) Wikipedians interested in the San Jose Earthquakes (8 P) Wikipedians interested in Seattle Sounders FC (39 P) Wikipedians interested in Sporting Kansas City (23 P) T Wikipedians interested in the Tampa Bay Rowdies (2 P) W Wikipedians interested in Washington Spirit (3 P)
* ug ئوكسفورد ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتى
* th มหาวิทยาลัยออกซฟอร์ด
* bn অক্সফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়
* pa ਆਕਸਫ਼ੋਰਡ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ
* ko 옥스퍼드 대학교
* he אוניברסיטת אוקספורד
* as অক্সফ'ৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়
* uk Оксфордський університет
* ja オックスフォード大学
* zh 牛津大学
* tg Донишгоҳи Оксфорд 11
* sr Универзитет у Оксфорду
* ru Оксфордский университет
* mk Оксфордски универзитет
* kk Оксфорд университеті
* bg Оксфордски университет
* be Оксфардскі ўніверсітэт
* be-tarask Оксфардзкі ўнівэрсытэт
* vi Đại học Oxford
* uz Oxford universiteti
* tw University of Oxford 21
* tr Oxford Üniversitesi
* tl Unibersidad ng Oxford
* sw Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford
* sv Oxfords universitet
* sk University of Oxford
* sh Univerzitet u Oxfordu
* ro Universitatea Oxford
* pms Università d'Oxford
* pt Universidade de Oxford
* pl Uniwersytet Oksfordzki 31
* nrm Unnivèrsité d'Oxford
* no University of Oxford
* nl Universiteit van Oxford
* nds University of Oxford
* lv Oksfordas Universitāte
* lfn Universia de Oxford
* lb Universitéit vun Oxford
* kbp Oxford sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ
* it Università di Oxford
* is Oxford-háskóli 41
* id Universitas Oxford
* hu Oxfordi Egyetem
* fy Universiteit fan Oxford
* fr Université d'Oxford
* fi Oxfordin yliopisto
* la Universitas Oxoniensis
* ia Universitate de Oxford
* eu Oxfordeko Unibertsitatea
* es Universidad de Oxford
* eo Universitato de Oksfordo 51
* de University of Oxford
* cs Oxfordská univerzita
* ca Universitat d'Oxford
* bs Univerzitet u Oxfordu
* ban Univérsitas Oxford
* az Oksford Universiteti
* ast Universidá d'Oxford
* an Universidat d'Oxford
* af Universiteit van Oxford
* simple University of Oxford 61
* en University of Oxford
* The subject of the first sentence of the lead should generally be the name of the article, see WP:FIRST. The common name is Blackfriars,not Blackfriars Priory.
* I don't see any evidence that Wychwood School is an important part of the history of the home students. The Victoria County History mentions the religious hostels, which accomodated a third of home students in 1939.
* ,| thank you for your answer, unfortunately I didn't see it until the nomination page was closed. I have asked at the resource exchange what Weltgebäude meant in the 17th century.
* diff
* NO BOTS should have been added
* Category:Wikipedians interested in Harrisburg Heat (2012–present)
* Category:Wikipedians interested in Baltimore Blast
* Wikipedians interested in Atlanta Silverbacks (the) Atlanta Silverbacks FC
* Wikipedians interested in the Las Vegas Lights FC (moved by speedy)
* Wikipedians interested in Philadelphia Union (13 P)
Oxford University Gazette
p. 774 of Germany and the Memel Germans in the 1930s Alvydas Nikžentaitis https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639972 The Historical Journal Vol. 39, No. 3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 771-783 (13 pages) Published by: Cambridge University Press Neumann-Sass-Prozess als Ausdruck fundamentalen Wandels in den Beziehungen zwischen Litauen und Deutschland Alfonsas Eidintas · 2015 the trial of Neumann and Sass Lessons in Conflict Management from the League of Nations and the European Union - Page 95 Erin K. Jenne · 2015
* History of Oxford University Press: Volume II 1780 to 1896 2013 p. 59
* Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Derivative_works
* naturally enough, evaluations of this period differ markedly in German and Lithuanian scholarship
* https://annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2013/05SafronovasAA21.pdf
* Antanas Smetona and His Lithuania - Page 301
* Nested Security
* Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet
* German nationalists began to take advantage of the situation, and with their activity only worsened it → which worsened over time
* German politicians aimed to maintain the German character of Klaipeda, while Lithuanian politicians sought to make it more Lithuanian.
* https://www.oxfordpreservation.org.uk/sites/www.oxfordpreservation.org.uk/files/Book%201%20-%20footnoted%20text%20MG_1.pdf Blackfriars, built between 1921 and 1929, Doran Webb.
Elizabeth Paulet
Josua Lindahl 1912 or 1914 Her first marriage was to Anthony Beresford.
* Category:Wikipedians interested in Reno Express
* baseball Category:Wikipedians interested in the South Atlantic League
* basketball Category:Wikipedians interested in New York Liberty
* Category:Wikipedians interested in Rochester Revolution
* Category:Wikipedians interested in Indonesia Warriors
* Category:Wikipedians interested in the NBA G League
* A PERIOD OF REFORM AT THE UNIVERSITIES OF OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE JSTOR
* Environmental defender merger discussion
* Architect for Bermondsey HQ
* 95% coffee beans
* Disambiguate The Clarion
* Move final sentence, reword originates to influenced
* Environmental defender new pages feed 13:45, 8 December 2021
* Wimperis, Simpson and Guthrie 558 26-9 96-7
* Her parents were the M.P. Walter Blount and his wife Margaret or Mary.
* Nether Hall https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol9/pp46-48
* pp 188-211 https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004896874.0001.000/1:11?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
* two brothers; William Blount an executor, with Nicholas Bacon, of sir Tho|mas Pope's will: and Walter Blount, nominated a scholar of Trinty college, Oxford, by the founder, and admitted January the ninth, 1557. Her sisters were Mary, Anne and Ellen
* She died in 1593 and was buried, with Thomas Pope and his second wife Margaret, in a tomb she had had built in the chapel at Trinity College.
* She then married Sir Thomas Pope, a wealthy landowner who founded Trinity College, Oxford. Pope's death left Elizabeth a rich widow and she afterwards married Sir Hugh Paulet.
AEW
* Death Penalty India Report in Capital punishment in India
* Category:Serbian educators split wd
* Manouchehr Yazdi
* Category:Estonian educators
* Estonian teachers
* Anna Raudkats
* People from Northern Ireland was used because Northern Irish People and Northern Ireland People were controversial, so . Obviously many more English speakers have a strong opinion on Ireland than on Saint Martin.
* The 1847 'Blue Book' reports diff
* Usage diff
* Purpose diff
* References by politicians to the Welsh Not diff
* please can you withdraw this list. Editors may remove pro Welsh content for valid reasons rather than because they are anti Welsh. Also you missed at least one pro Welsh edit from me.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1045601867&oldid=1045596665&title=Welsh_Not
* https://www-jstor-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/3099079 The Place of School in the Maintenance of the Welsh Language
* https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=849680273&oldid=849664012&title=Welsh_Not
* Robert Lowe revised code 1862
* Churches: Maperton, Milborne Wick Mission Church, Montacute, Church of St John the Evangelist, Milborne Port, St Helena's Church, West Leake, Andrew Taylor (architect), Church of St Catherine, Montacute, Lilleshall Hall
* Hospitals: Derbyshire Royal Infirmary y, Victoria Hospital for Children, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Royal Dental Hospital y, Royal Northern Hospital y, Miller General Hospital y
* Hospitals: Derbyshire Royal Infirmary y, Victoria Hospital for Children, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Royal Dental Hospital y, Royal Northern Hospital y, Miller General Hospital y
Academic halls
* I think [[Whimbling iron may be a hoax. Do the terms "whimbling iron" and "whefting iron" exist outside wikipedia?
* https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=9y0BAAAAQAAJ&q=elis#v=onepage&q=elis&f=true Smith
* https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7Ig1_BV6JEQC The Polis as an Urban Centre
* https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Elis&diff=prev&oldid=875333416 edit on perioiki
* https://rune.une.edu.au/web/handle/1959.11/2361 thesis
* Association for Promoting the Higher Education of Women in Oxford (AEW) The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century edited by Trevor Henry Aston, Brian Harrison p346
* Association for Promoting the Higher Education of Women in Oxford The University of Oxford: A History By L. W. B. Brockliss
* Association for the Higher Education of Women (AEW) St Hugh’s: One Hundred Years of Women’s Education in Oxford Penny Griffin 1986 p21
* Hi, do you have all the dates you need for colleges that have changed name.
* St Hilda's 1893 St Hilda's, 1896 St Hilda's Hall, 1926 St Hilda's College see st-hildas-college-concise-history page 6.
* St Hilda's organisation page 6
* 1893 Founded as St Hilda's, students registered as home-students
* 1896 recognised by Association for the Education of Women as St Hilda's Hall
* 1901 merged with St Hilda's College, Cheltenham, a teacher training college, as St Hilda's Incorporated College
* 1910 recognised society for women students
* 1920 women become members of the university
* 1926 royal charter as St Hilda's College, Oxford
* 1955 new charter gives independence from Cheltenham Ladies' College
* 1959 applies to be full college
* 1961 new charter as full college
* https://www.st-hildas.ox.ac.uk/content/st-hildas-college-concise-history
* https://www.oxford.gov.uk/downloads/file/1625/medieval_oxford_1205_-_1540
Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
(and page watchers), I think your change to the time line needs discussion and the edit summary "Added a slightly updated version of the timeline" should have mentioned what you had changed, e.g. "influence of Celtic languages". I have removed the final paragraph
* Original: "A few loan words are borrowed from the native Romano-Britons but any further influence from the Celtic languages or British Latin is disputed"
* Revised: "A few loan words are borrowed from the native Romano-Britons but aside from this, influence from the Celtic languages is essentially nonexistent"
* Revised: "A few loan words are borrowed from the native Romano-Britons but aside from this, Old English shows little obvious influence from Celtic or spoken Latin Celtic language decline in England
* The paragraph criticises "demonstrat{ing] ethnic identity via purely archaeological means", which the first two paragraphs don't support. The example of Alwalton is not mentioned in either citation.
* It may give undue weight to a single paper as it seems to be based on the second citation, to a paper by James M. Harland, which says it was based on PhD research (supervised by Guy Halsall).
* The first citation, to a paper by Guy Halsall is not relevant as it is a criticism of two papers on continental archaeology and says "In British archaeology, the approach taken would usually be to address the nature of ethnicity and whether, theoretically, such forms of identity would or could be identifiable in the archaeological record."
* X, Y I have had a look at byrne et al's study and it says it is extending a People of the British Isles study (i.e. Leslie et al). It is a modern DNA study and I am not sure it is independent of Leslie et al.
* I am wondering whether the following sentence implies that there are contemporary scholars with an uncritical reading of Gildas and Bede and if so, whether it can be improved. It says The original 2017 version was similar
Alumner
Alumner_från_Gymnastik-_och_idrottshögskolan done Alumner_från_Kungliga_Konsthögskolan Alumner_från_Operahögskolan
* Viktor Balck
* Per-Olof Åstrand
* George H. Taylor (physician)
* Martina Bergman-Österberg
* Wiktor Unander
* Princess Birgitta of Sweden?
* Anders Gärderud
* Erik Hamrén
* Lotta Hedström
* Dorrit Hallström
* Fredrik Wretman
* Cajsa von Zeipel
* Camilla Akraka
* Peter Linde
* Anders Widoff
* Johan Schinkler
* Stefan Ljungqvist
* Hillevi Martinpelto
* Loa Falkman
Diffs
{{Re|MrClog} see InklingScholarWycliffeHall's post above.
Hi InklingScholarWycliffeHall, thanks for revising the articles. Don't worry (too much) about making mistakes at first. Have you read the "Possible conflict of interest" section above?
On format for a talk page, a "ping" looks like the beginning of this post and only works if followed by a signature. To sign you type four tildes or click on the button (with four tildes) following "Sign your posts on talk pages:". All the other stuff allows the code to show as text.
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=950821945&oldid=761806707 Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=952234859&oldid=952174290
* 24 January 2017 to 14 April 2020
briticisms
https://www.academia.edu/12524687/Middle_English_Language_contact
* Non-specific criticism
* Richard Coates, “Invisible Britons: the View From Linguistics,” 2007
* Diglossia model
* Robert McColl Millar, “At the Forefront of Linguistic Change: The Morphology of Late Northumbrian Texts and the History of the English Language, with Particular Reference to the Lindisfarne Gospels.”
* Periphrastic “do”
* https://www.academia.edu/5772279/_At_the_Forefront_of_Linguistic_Change_The_Morphology_of_Late_Northumbrian_Texts_and_the_History_of_the_English_Language_with_Particular_Reference_to_the_Lindisfarne_Gospels_
* Herbert Schendl, “Middle English: Language Contact,” 2012
* Peter W. Culicover, “The Rise and Fall of Constructions and the History of Do-Support,” 2008
* Anthony S. Kroch, “Function and Grammar in the History of English: Periphrastic Do,” 1989
* Progessive form
* George Lamont, “The Progress of English Verb Tenses and the English Progressive,” 2005
* Tauno Mustanoja, A Middle English Syntax, originally published 1960, current edition published 2016, pp. 572-585
* Johann Elsness, “On the progression of the progressive in Early Modern English,” 1994
* Artemis Alexiadou, “Nominal vs. Verbal -ing Constructions and the Development of the English Progressive,” 2013
* Herbert Schendl, “Middle English: Language Contact,” 2012
* Kirstin Killie, “Old English-Late British language contact and the English progressive,” in Language Contact and Development Around the North Sea, 2012
* Coates p154-155
* Kortmann and van der Auwera Norwegian analytic
* Zarraz (degree thesis) does not mention Welsh or Celtic
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249903234_A_history_of_the_English_language_and_A_history_of_the_English_language_and_The_Oxford_history_of_English_review book review
* https://www.academia.edu/3592269/Review_of_D._Gary_Miller_2012._External_Influences_on_English_From_its_Beginnings_to_the_Renaissance._Oxford_Oxford_University_Press book review
* https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nHzUDwAAQBAJ from p56 welsh slaves
* https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ed/2007/0001/pdf/niehuMA.pdf thesis
Category:Professional education in the United Kingdom
Palacký University Olomouc Palacký University Olomouc alumni Palacký University Olomouc faculty Palacký University Olomouc Rector elections {{reply to|Wilfridselsey {{reply to|Richard75 I think the explanation for writing "appear to be" is that Timothy Briden is a barrister writing a legal textbook. The
* Category:Palacký University to Category:Palacký University Olomouc – C2D: since March 2019 main article has been Palacký University Olomouc, which is the official English name . ~
* Category:Palacký University alumni to Category:Palacký University Olomouc alumni – as above
* Category:Palacký University faculty to Category:Palacký University Olomouc faculty – as above
* Category:Palacký University Rector elections to Category:Palacký University Olomouc Rector elections – as above
* I agree that the list is suspect, as are many Wikipedia articles, but hopefully we will improve it. I would call the section other peculiars and add a section for former peculiars such as Masham.
* This structure seems to exist only for the UK. (Compare Category:Professional studies)
* Education in the United Kingdom by subject
* Universities and colleges in the United Kingdom by type
* ==Category:Alumni of Birmingham Institute of Art and Design===
* Paul Bradshaw (journalist) academic faculty
* Ravi Deepres academic faculty
* Xavier Mendik academic faculty
* Beverley Nielsen academic faculty
* Stephen Biesty BIAD
* Richard Billingham Bournville College of Art
* Peter Bishop (artist) BIAD
* William Bloye Academic BSA
* Bernard Cuzner Academic BSA
* Trevor Denning Academic BSA
* Bernard Fleetwood-Walker Academic BSA
* Arthur Gaskin Academic BSA
* Charles March Gere Academic BSA
* Roger Hiorns Bournville College of Art
* Alex Hughes (cartoonist) BIAD
* Sidney Meteyard Academic BSA
* Saiman Miah BIAD
* John Mulligan?
* Henry Payne (artist) Academic BSA
* Rob Pepper BIAD
* Peter Phillips (artist) Academic BSA
* Mike Perkins Bournville College of Art
* Donald Rodney Bournville College of Art
* Jo Metson Scott BIAD
* John Shelley (illustrator) Bournville College of Art
* Marty St. James Bournville College of Art
* Andrew Tift BIAD
* Phil Winslade BIAD
* Marjorie Yates Bournville College of Art
Heads of colleges in the United Kingdom
* Check alumni by art school to alumni by college
* Ridley Hall, Cambridge, Janet Henderson, Russell Darbyshire, Edward Woods (bishop), Jeremy Begbie, Jo Bailey Wells
* Cranmer Hall, Durham, Calvin T. Samuel, Michael Volland, Alison White (bishop), John Pritchard (bishop), Pete Wilcox
* Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
* Elsie Fogerty 1906 to 1942
* Gavin Henderson 2007
* Category:Bible colleges, seminaries and theological colleges in England
* Category:Staff of Ridley Hall, Cambridge
* Category:Staff of Wesley House
* Category:Staff of Westcott House, Cambridge
* Category:Staff of Ripon College Cuddesdon
* Category:Staff of Cranmer Hall, Durham
* Royal Northern College of Music list added
* Category:People associated with the Royal College of Music
* Sir David Willcocks (1974)
* Michael Gough Matthews (1985)
* Dame Janet Ritterman (1993)
* Colin Lawson (since 2005)
* Category:Commandants of Sandhurst
* College of the Resurrection
* Mark Sowerby
* Peter Allan (priest)
* Thomas Hannay
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2614/made
* List of colleges in the United Kingdom offering higher education courses
* President of Centennial College Canada
* ?Category Colleges in the United Kingdom
* Music schools in Canada, Conservatoire Quebec
To do
* Oriel Coll Latin
* Category:Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Music
* Category:Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences alumni done
* Category:Lillehammer University College alumni done
* Category:Hedmark University College alumni done
* Category:Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences faculty
* Category:Lillehammer University College faculty done
* Category:Nord-Trøndelag University College alumni done
* Category:Nesna University College alumni done
* Category:Oslo Metropolitan University alumni
* Category:Rectors of BI Norwegian Business School done
* Category:Rectors of the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science only 3?
* Category:Stockholm University of the Arts alumni done
* Category:Dramatiska Institutet alumni done
* Category:University of South-Eastern Norway alumni
* Category:Telemark University College alumni
* Category:Vestfold University College alumni
* Category:University of South-Eastern Norway faculty
* Category:Western Norway University of Applied Sciences alumni done
* Category:Nord University alumni done
Oxford
Ps. Spl. M. 103, 19 =Arundel MS. No. 60 in the British Museum, Psalm 104 v18
* Exeter College Andrew Roe end of September 2024
* Lincoln College Nigel Clifford September 2024
* Nuffield College Julia Black 30th September 2024 https://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/news-events/news/professor-julia-black-cbe-pba-elected-as-the-tenth-warden-of-nuffield-college/
* St Catherine’s College 23 July 2024 https://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/master-retirement-kersti-borjars/
* University of Lille v University of Lille Nord de France
* Rowcroft, 1929, and Emily Morris soon after (Fielding Dodd) The Clarendon Guide to Oxford - Page 121
* Besse (1952, Kenneth Stevens) Matthews Building (1971, architect Kenneth Stevens) Latner Building (1972, architect Kenneth Stevens) The Encyclopaedia of Oxford - Page 423
* New Building? 1988 Chamberlin Powell Bon & Woods west of chavasse quad jebb p 212
* Refs:
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WIKI
|
List of storms named Jova
The name Jova has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
* Hurricane Jova (1981) – Category 1 hurricane that passed north of Hawaii as a tropical depression
* Hurricane Jova (1987) – Category 2 hurricane that stayed at sea
* Hurricane Jova (1993) – Category 4 hurricane that paralleled the Mexican coast
* Hurricane Jova (2005) – Category 3 hurricane, passed near Hawaii but did not affect land
* Hurricane Jova (2011) – Category 3 hurricane, made landfall in Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane
* Tropical Storm Jova (2017) – formed from the remnants of Atlantic Hurricane Franklin, did not affect land
* Hurricane Jova (2023) – Category 5 hurricane that stayed in the open ocean, one of the fastest-intensifying Pacific hurricanes on record
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WIKI
|
Template:km-redup/documentation
Khmer etymology template for reduplications.
Usage
* (first parameter, mandatory but see below)
* The root term.
* (second parameter, optional)
* Gloss for the root term.
* (third parameter, optional)
* Type of reduplication.
* (optional)
* Lemma of the echo term.
* (optional)
* Gloss of the echo term.
The "echo term" is the dummy syllable created by the partial reduplication of the root term. As a rule, the echo term doesn't exist as a standalone word in the langage and doesn't carry a meaning of its own.
However, it sometimes happens that the coined echo term ends up matching an extant word, giving the impression that the reduplication is in fact a compound word, but this occurrence is totally fortuitous. The and parameters are used to warn against this, refer to examples below.
There are nonetheless cases where the entry term is both a reduplication and a synonymous compound (like English "moan and groan"), that is, both components can be considered the echo of the other, both carrying their meaning. Refer to examples below on how to handle this case.
List of reduplication types
Here is the list of accepted input for the third parameter and the category which the entry word will be added to accordingly.
* {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Accepted input!!Display!!Category
* , || rhyming reduplication || Khmer rhyming reduplications
* || alliterative reduplication || Khmer alliterative reduplications
* || ablauting reduplication || Khmer ablauting reduplications
* || (total) reduplication || Khmer reduplications
* }
* || ablauting reduplication || Khmer ablauting reduplications
* || (total) reduplication || Khmer reduplications
* }
* }
* }
Total reduplication
Or:
Note
Basically, both and templates are called side by side. In addition to the categories added by these two templates, a third one will be added, "Khmer reduplicative synonymous compounds.
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WIKI
|
User:Callumtear/sandbox
Angélique Arvanitaki (11 July, 1901-6 October, 1983) French Neurophysiologist.
Background
Angélique Arvanitaki was of Greek origin and born in Cairo on 11 July, 1901.
Research
Angelique Arvanitaki contributed to the field of neurophysiology with research exploring giant nerve fibres of species of snails, Aplysia and Helix. She developed the concept of ganglion preparation of large identifiable nerves.
She also discovered that, in low-calcium solutions, isolated nerve fibers of the cuttle fish Sepia (a relative of the octopus) produced regular electrical oscillations that periodically became larger and larger, until from time to time the nerve fired a series of action potentials. She was the first to demonstrate that spontaneous, rhythmically recurring activity could be an inherent property of a single nerve without the requirement of an entire neuronal circuit to generate it. She also found that when two or more nerves run close together, the activity in one nerve can entrain the activity in its neighbor. Her work was overshadowed by Hodgkin and Huxley’s work on the giant axon of the squid.
I had come to Woods Hole to receive instruction from Angelique Arvanitaki and her husband Nick Chalazonitis in the methodology of electrophysiological work on the nervous system of Aplysia. In 1955, ARVANITAKI and CHALAZONITIS~ and quite independently, TAUC,~ had performed the first intracellular recordings from the large neurons of Aplysiu. Arvanitaki’s and Chalazonitis’ early interests were in the photoexcitability of certain of the neurons and are well summarized in a 1960 publication.3 They were late in arriving at Woods Hole and this gave me the opportunity to learn in an inefficient, but creative way, by making mistakes.
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WIKI
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Am I pregnant
Pregnancy tests
When is the best time to test, where can you buy pregnancy tests and are they 100% accurate?
Pregnancy tests: What you need to know
When is the best time to test, where can you buy testing kits and are they 100% accurate? All is revealed here in our quick guide to pregnancy tests.
At a glance
• It usually takes two weeks after you get pregnant to get a positive result with a pregnancy test
• Make sure you read the instructions as brands differ in how they tell if you are pregnant or not
• Don't peek too early at the test as it will take a few minutes before the answer is shown
pregnancy-tests
How do pregnancy tests work?
Pregnancy tests work by detecting the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) in your urine. This is the hormone that is produced by the cells that will form into the placenta so will give you an accurate answer to whether you’re pregnant or not. When you become pregnant the amount of hCG in your body will increase rapidly. It usually takes two weeks after you get pregnant to be at a level to show up as a positive pregnancy test, so try not to test too early
Which pregnancy test is right for me?
When shopping for pregnancy tests you'll see there are several factors to think about before choosing one.
The key factors to look for are:
• Earliest ability to detect pregnancy after conception
• Price
• When you can take the test
Early testing
The more sensitive the test is to the pregnancy hormone, hCG, the quicker it will be able to accurately test for pregnancy. Check the box for how early the test you are thinking of buying can test as some will be able to test earlier than others.
Price
Pregnancy tests can vary from a few pounds to more than a tenner but although they will all give you same result, there are some differences in what you get. The cheaper tests are more likely to have a classic 'line' on the screen that you need to look for to see if you are pregnant, and no line indicates a negative result. If you invest more in your chosen test, it will clearly state whether you're 'pregnant' or 'not pregnant'. So the answer is the same in both but more explicit with the fancier test. You can however invest more in a test that can indicate roughly how far along you are straight away.
When to take the test
If you are running out to get a test and desperate to take it before the next morning (most tests advice you take the test during your morning wee), make sure you choose one that specifically says you can test any time of the day but try to remember hCG is most concentrated your morning urine.
How early can I use a pregnancy test?
hCG starts being produced around six days after fertilisation, and it takes about two weeks from conception for hCG to reach a level that will be picked up to give you a positive pregnancy test. This is probably around the time your period is due, so a great time to do that test! Pregnancy testing at home is not 100% accurate though, and if you do get a negative result, it’s sometimes worth doing another test a few days or week after your missed period to see if it comes back positive as the hCG levels increase.
How do I use a pregnancy test?
Start by reading the instructions carefully, as brands differ. Make sure, you know how the test will tell you if you’re pregnant or not. Also it’s a good idea to check the expiration date on the test if you’ve not recently bought it to ensure it’s in date and as accurate as possible!
To perform the test you need to get urine on the end of the stick. You can wee into a urine pot and pop the stick in it, or you can wee over the stick, into the loo. Then there will be a loooooong wait of a few minutes before the answer is shown. Best not to peek, as you may mistake the reading if you look while it’s working.
Different brands of test will vary in how they tell you the result. Some will show a pink or blue line for a positive pregnancy test or a plus symbol. It’s also now possible to get pregnancy tests with a digital readout that will tell you if you’re pregnant, these usually come with an old fashioned lines result too so you can confirm that the readout is correct.
Any special instructions?
The best time to take one is first thing in the morning, as the hormone will be more concentrated in your urine - though you can take one any time of the day. Try not to drink much fluid before a test, as it can dilute the hCG in your urine.
Where can I get a pregnancy test?
You can get pregnancy tests free of charge from your local community sexual health clinic and NHS walk-in centres. You can also buy do-it-yourself pregnancy testing kits from most chemists and large supermarkets.
Does my GP test me too?
Not usually, as home kits are just as good as the ones doctors use. If they think it’s necessary for some reason, a doctor may give you a urine or blood test to confirm the pregnancy.
Are home pregnancy tests accurate?
Home test kits have become extremely reliable over the past couple of decades, so if you get a positive result, then you almost certainly are pregnant.
If you've recently had a miscarriage though, be cautious, as the levels of hCG hormone in your blood take a while to return to normal. It’s also possible to have a false positive if you’ve been taking any fertility drugs containing the hCG hormone or if you’re using an expired or faulty pregnancy test.
Negative results, however, are less reliable. For example, if you test really early on, before the hormone has risen to a level that can be tested it will say negative even if you’re pregnant. So even if you’re desperate to find out, dig deep, be patient and try again a few days after your period would have been due.
In the meantime you might like to check if you are experiencing other early signs of pregnancy that may include needing to wee more often, sore boobs or even a metallic taste in your mouth
At a glance
• It usually takes two weeks after you get pregnant to get a positive result with a pregnancy test
• Make sure you read the instructions as brands differ in how they tell if you are pregnant or not
• Don't peek too early at the test as it will take a few minutes before the answer is shown
Home test kits are extremely reliable, if you get a positive result, you are almost certainly pregnant
Positive pregnancy test? Next things to consider
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Blob Blame History Raw
/* Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Red Hat, Inc.
This file is part of elfutils.
Written by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
elfutils is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include ELFUTILS_HEADER(asm)
#include ELFUTILS_HEADER(ebl)
#include <libelf.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static const char fname[] = "asm-tst9-out.o";
static int32_t input[] =
{
0, 1, 129, 510, 2000, 33000, 0x7ffffff, 0x7fffffff
};
#define ninput (sizeof (input) / sizeof (input[0]))
static const GElf_Ehdr expected_ehdr =
{
.e_ident = { [EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0,
[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1,
[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2,
[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3,
[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32,
[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB,
[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT },
.e_type = ET_REL,
.e_machine = EM_386,
.e_version = EV_CURRENT,
.e_shoff = 180,
.e_ehsize = sizeof (Elf32_Ehdr),
.e_shentsize = sizeof (Elf32_Shdr),
.e_shnum = 3,
.e_shstrndx = 2
};
static const char *scnnames[3] =
{
[0] = "",
[1] = ".data",
[2] = ".shstrtab"
};
static const char expecteddata[] =
{
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x7f,
0x81, 0x01, 0x81, 0x01, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xff, 0x7e, 0xfe,
0x03, 0xfe, 0x03, 0x82, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x82, 0x7c, 0xd0, 0x0f,
0xd0, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x70, 0xe8, 0x81, 0x02,
0xe8, 0x81, 0x02, 0x98, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x98, 0xfe, 0x7d, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0xc0, 0x0f,
0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x40, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0x07, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x08, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x78
};
int
main (void)
{
AsmCtx_t *ctx;
AsmScn_t *scn;
int result = 0;
int fd;
Elf *elf;
GElf_Ehdr ehdr_mem;
GElf_Ehdr *ehdr;
size_t cnt;
elf_version (EV_CURRENT);
Ebl *ebl = ebl_openbackend_machine (EM_386);
if (ebl == NULL)
{
puts ("cannot open backend library");
return 1;
}
ctx = asm_begin (fname, ebl, false);
if (ctx == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot create assembler context: %s\n", asm_errmsg (-1));
return 1;
}
/* Create two sections. */
scn = asm_newscn (ctx, ".data", SHT_PROGBITS, SHF_ALLOC | SHF_WRITE);
if (scn == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot create section in output file: %s\n", asm_errmsg (-1));
asm_abort (ctx);
return 1;
}
/* Special alignment for the .text section. */
if (asm_align (scn, 16) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot align .text section: %s\n", asm_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
}
/* Add a few ULEB128 and SLEB128 numbers. */
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ninput; ++cnt)
{
if (asm_adduleb128 (scn, input[cnt]) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot insert uleb %" PRIu32 ": %s\n",
(uint32_t) input[cnt], asm_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
}
if (asm_addsleb128 (scn, input[cnt]) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot insert sleb %" PRId32 ": %s\n",
input[cnt], asm_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
}
if (asm_adduleb128 (scn, -input[cnt]) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot insert uleb %" PRIu32 ": %s\n",
(uint32_t) -input[cnt], asm_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
}
if (asm_addsleb128 (scn, -input[cnt]) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot insert sleb %" PRId32 ": %s\n",
-input[cnt], asm_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
}
}
/* Create the output file. */
if (asm_end (ctx) != 0)
{
printf ("cannot create output file: %s\n", asm_errmsg (-1));
asm_abort (ctx);
return 1;
}
/* Check the file. */
fd = open (fname, O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf ("cannot open generated file: %m\n");
result = 1;
goto out;
}
elf = elf_begin (fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
if (elf == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot create ELF descriptor: %s\n", elf_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
goto out_close;
}
if (elf_kind (elf) != ELF_K_ELF)
{
puts ("not a valid ELF file");
result = 1;
goto out_close2;
}
ehdr = gelf_getehdr (elf, &ehdr_mem);
if (ehdr == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot get ELF header: %s\n", elf_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
goto out_close2;
}
if (memcmp (ehdr, &expected_ehdr, sizeof (GElf_Ehdr)) != 0)
{
puts ("ELF header does not match");
result = 1;
goto out_close2;
}
for (cnt = 1; cnt < 3; ++cnt)
{
Elf_Scn *escn;
GElf_Shdr shdr_mem;
GElf_Shdr *shdr;
escn = elf_getscn (elf, cnt);
if (escn == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot get section %zd: %s\n", cnt, elf_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
continue;
}
shdr = gelf_getshdr (escn, &shdr_mem);
if (shdr == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot get section header for section %zd: %s\n",
cnt, elf_errmsg (-1));
result = 1;
continue;
}
if (strcmp (elf_strptr (elf, ehdr->e_shstrndx, shdr->sh_name),
scnnames[cnt]) != 0)
{
printf ("section %zd's name differs: %s vs %s\n", cnt,
elf_strptr (elf, ehdr->e_shstrndx, shdr->sh_name),
scnnames[cnt]);
result = 1;
}
if (shdr->sh_type != (cnt == 2 ? SHT_STRTAB : SHT_PROGBITS))
{
printf ("section %zd's type differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if ((cnt == 1 && shdr->sh_flags != (SHF_ALLOC | SHF_WRITE))
|| (cnt == 2 && shdr->sh_flags != 0))
{
printf ("section %zd's flags differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if (shdr->sh_addr != 0)
{
printf ("section %zd's address differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if ((cnt == 1 && shdr->sh_offset != ((sizeof (Elf32_Ehdr) + 15) & ~15))
|| (cnt == 2
&& shdr->sh_offset != (((sizeof (Elf32_Ehdr) + 15) & ~15)
+ sizeof (expecteddata))))
{
printf ("section %zd's offset differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if ((cnt == 1 && shdr->sh_size != sizeof (expecteddata))
|| (cnt == 2 && shdr->sh_size != 17))
{
printf ("section %zd's size differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if (shdr->sh_link != 0)
{
printf ("section %zd's link differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if (shdr->sh_info != 0)
{
printf ("section %zd's info differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if ((cnt == 1 && shdr->sh_addralign != 16)
|| (cnt != 1 && shdr->sh_addralign != 1))
{
printf ("section %zd's addralign differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if (shdr->sh_entsize != 0)
{
printf ("section %zd's entsize differs\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
if (cnt == 1)
{
Elf_Data *data = elf_getdata (escn, NULL);
if (data == NULL)
{
printf ("cannot get data of section %zd\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
else
{
if (data->d_size != sizeof (expecteddata))
{
printf ("data block size of section %zd wrong: got %zd, "
"expected 96\n", cnt, data->d_size);
result = 1;
}
if (memcmp (data->d_buf, expecteddata, sizeof (expecteddata))
!= 0)
{
printf ("data block content of section %zd wrong\n", cnt);
result = 1;
}
}
}
}
out_close2:
elf_end (elf);
out_close:
close (fd);
out:
/* We don't need the file anymore. */
unlink (fname);
ebl_closebackend (ebl);
return result;
}
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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This Lumbering Self-Driving Truck Is Designed to Get Hit
The big promise of driverless cars is that they'll save lives by preventing crashes. Computers don't fall asleep, get drunk, or glance at that tweet. Robocar technology could save tens, even hundreds, of thousands of lives each year. Such cars remain years away, of course, but you can find an autonomous vehicle saving lives on the road right now, in Colorado. The irony is, this vehicle is designed to crash. That's how it saves lives. It's an autonomous impact protection vehicle, which you probably know as one of those weird trucks with a big orange or yellow bumper on the back. Such vehicles inch along behind the crews filling potholes, striping lanes, or clearing clutter from along the roadway. That bumper is a metal crumple zone designed to absorb the impact of an errant car.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:The Diothas, or, A far look ahead (IA diothasorfarlook01macn).pdf/59
and coffee, as well as some other infusions, are used, as you see, but in great moderation."
It was growing dark when we rose from table. A mere turn to a handle, and the apartment was illuminated by a flood of soft electric light, affording light for the task now before us. All set to work, each taking an allotted part in setting things to rights. One remained to sweep the table-cloth and clear the floor from crumbs. The rest of us descended to an apartment beneath the dining-room, to which the cebin descended. Every thing was removed from the compartments of that apparatus, and was either washed or dusted: all, in fine, was put in readiness for the morning meal, except, of course, the dishes to come from the culinary depot. All employing themselves deftly and intelligently, every thing was in order in about twenty minutes.
I, as a matter of course, could not stand idly by when all were so busy. But my attempts at assistance were so clumsy as to call forth, on one occasion, a merry peal of laughter from Ialma, who must have thought my home-training somewhat deficient. Seeing me take it in good part,—her laugh, indeed, was irresistibly contagious—we all laughed; and the work went on merrily. Ialma and I were thenceforth very good friends.
This short interlude over, to my mind much more enjoyable than the corresponding period after our dinners, we betook ourselves to the parlor, without heaviness, and without anxiety in regard to digestion.
In the parlor prevailed the same general style of ornament and furnishing as in the apartments already described, the same simple elegance, the same harmony of
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WIKI
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User:Metian Elijah Muntere/sandbox/Metian Elijah Muntere
Metian Ole Muntere (born 1999) is a Kenyan politician and land surveyor, Mathematician, Computer specialist, farmer and environmental conservationist.
Education
Metian Ole Muntere holds a B.Sc (Mathematics and Computer Science) from Maseno University and a Higher Diploma (Land Surveying).
Professional life
Metian Elijah has served as a land survey technician at Leshuta Land Adjudication Section(2017) and work as a surveyor from 2018 for the Narok South Land Office. He has also worked for Nashulai Maasai Conservancy(2019)
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WIKI
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User:HowardEzW
Hi I'm Howard. My main interest is to edit articles relating to Go.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Fafas is my other account.
I'm currently 7d on Tygem and usually 4d on KGS.
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WIKI
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WHAT IS BOTOX COSMETIC AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
Botox Cosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA) is a prescription medicine that is injected into muscles and used to improve the look of moderate to severe frown lines between the eyebrows (glabellar lines) in adults younger than65 years of age for a short period of time (tempoary).It works by blocking nerve impulses to the injected muscles. This reduces muscles activity that causes persistent lines to form between the brows.
WHY SHOULD I CONSIDER BOTOX COSMETIC?
You may feel your frown lines between the brows make you look tired, unapproachable, or have other reasons. Talk to your doctor today to find out if BOTOX Cosmetics is right for you. With real, noticeable results, no surgery and no recovery time, there are many reasons to get treated with BOTOX Cosmetic.
IS THERE ANYTHING I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR?
Your doctor should know of all your medical conditions, including if you have a disease that
affects your muscles and nerves (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease-mathenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome).Tell your doctor about any and all prescriptions and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
WHAT CAUSES FROWN LINES?
The 11s-those verticle lines that appear between your brows-result from muscle contractions.When you concentrate, squint, or Frown, the muscles between your brow contract, causing your skin to furrow and fold. After years of frequent contraction, those wrinkles can linger even after the muscles are at rest.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Rapid Metro Gurgaon
Rapid Metro Gurgaon is a light metro system serving the city of Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Rapid Metro connects the commercial areas of Gurgaon, and acts as a feeder link to the Delhi Metro with an interchange with its Yellow Line at Sikanderpur metro station.
Built by Rapid Metro Gurgaon Limited (RMGL), the system was the world's first fully privately financed modern light metro system. The venture did not have any investment from the Union Government, Government of Haryana or any public sector undertaking. However, it was not the first fully privately financed rapid transit system, as the Metropolitan Railway in London was privately financed. Originally planned to open in 2012, the first phase of the system opened on 14 November 2013. The second phase began commercial operation on 31 March 2017. In September 2019, IL&FS announced that it did not have the resources to continue running the Rapid Metro due to financial issues with the company and was looking for another entity to fund and take over operations. After a short dispute with the Haryana government and a court ruling from the Punjab and Haryana High Court, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation took over the operation of the line from IL&FS.
Rapid Metro has a total length of 12.85 km serving 11 stations. The system is fully elevated using standard-gauge tracks. The trains are composed of three cars. The power is supplied by 750 volt direct current through third rail. Services operate daily between 06:05 and 22:00 running with a headway of four minutes. The metro system was the first in India to auction naming rights for its stations.
History
A 3.2 km metro line between Sikanderpur and National Highway 8 was originally proposed in September 2007. The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) invited expressions of interest to construct the metro line on built-operate-transfer basis with a 99-year lease in 2008. However, real estate developer DLF wanted to provide metro connectivity to its Cyber City. A new tender was issued in July 2008, with the DLF-IL&FS consortium emerging as the only bidder. The project was initially conceived as a collaborative venture between Enso Group, DLF and Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS). Rapid Metro is the first fully privately financed modern metro system in the world. Rapid Metro did not even get the 20 acres of land, which it required to construct the first phase of the project, at any concessional rate from the state.
The Rapid Metro project was implemented as a public-private partnership. The entire cost of the project was borne by the private party. The private party was also tasked with maintenance and operation of the metro at its own cost. While HUDA initially objected to a private company making profit from public transport, an agreement was eventually reached for the consortium to pay HUDA inr<PHONE_NUMBER> over 35 years in "connectivity charges" as well as 5–10% of advertising and property development revenue.
The contract for the inr<PHONE_NUMBER> project was awarded in July 2009, with completion scheduled in 30 months' time. The foundation stone was laid on 11 August 2009. The line was built and is operated by Rapid Metro Gurgaon Limited (RMGL). The project was estimated to cost inr<PHONE_NUMBER>0 as of October 2012.
Originally planned to open in 2012, the first phase of the system opened on 14 November 2013.
Phase II
On 11 June 2013, IL&FS Engineering and Construction Company Limited informed the Bombay Stock Exchange that it had been awarded a contract worth ₹ 266.5 crores to construct the elevated viaducts for Phase 2 of the project. The company also stated that the project would be completed within 24 months. The company was later awarded a contract worth ₹ 84.3 crore to construct all 5 elevated stations in Phase II. The project completion period was specified as 24 months. The southward extension is 6.6 km long double track and will extend from Sikanderpur to Sector 55 and 56 in Gurgaon. It is estimated to cost inr<PHONE_NUMBER>0. There are six stations on the extension and it will take around 20 minutes to travel the entire route. Land for the project and right of way will be provided by HUDA. Trial runs were held on the first phase of the metro, between Phase 2 and Phase 3 stations, in October 2012. On the same day, Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh laid the foundation stone for Phase 2 of the project.
Construction work on Phase 2 began in April 2013, and was given an initial deadline of July 2015. However, the deadline was later revised to mid-2016, September 2016 and then the last quarter of 2016. By June 2016, 75% of work on the Phase 2 was complete. Trial runs were conducted along the 6.3-km Phase-2 route between in December 2016. Rapid Metro authorities applied for inspection of phase II by the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety in March 2017. The second phase of the system was opened to the public on 31 March 2017.
Line 1
Line 1 was built in two phases. The first phase of the project covers a distance of 5.1 km north of Sikanderpur. The section between Sikanderpur and Phase 2 station is double-tracked, while the remaining stations are served by a single-track loop. The second phase is a 6.6 km long southward extension from Sikanderpur to Sector 55 and 56 of Gurgaon and mostly runs through the affluent Golf Course Road. This section of a line opened on 31 March 2017 partially except for two stations in its route Sector 53-54 and Sector 42-43. The two remaining stations till Sector 55-56 opened on 25 April 2017. Platforms are 75m in length.
Sikanderpur station offers an interchange with Delhi Metro via a 90m x 9m walkway.
Infrastructure
The system is fully elevated and operated automatically. Because of the features, several articles in railway magazines define the system as Light Metro.
Rolling stock
On 21 April 2010, Siemens announced that it had been awarded a turnkey contract to build the metro line, including five three-car metro trains. Siemens sub-contracted CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive to build the 5 aluminium-bodied air-conditioned trains. The first three-coach train set built in China, arrived in Gurgaon on 11 September 2012. RMGL ordered an additional seven three-car metro train sets for the second phase expansion of the metro. The final 4 of these 7 rakes arrived in Gurgaon on 5 February 2016.
Each train with three coaches costs inr 300000000 and is silver and blue in colour. The total length of a 3 coach train is 59.94 m. The coaches are 2.8 m wide, have roof-mounted air conditioning and have 4 doors on each side of each coach. Each train has a capacity of approximately 800 passengers. The metro is designed to carry 30,000 passengers per hour.
Operator
The line was built and is operated by Rapid Metro Gurgaon Limited (RMGL), founded as a joint venture between Enso group, real estate developer DLF and IL&FS. DLF owns many properties near the stations, while IL&FS was the majority stake holder in the JV. DLF later sold its stake to IL&FS, and exited the joint venture. Following the transaction, IL&FS Transportation Networks Ltd (ITNL) held 82.8% stake in RMGL, and ITNL's subsidiary IL&FS Rail Ltd (IRL) held 17.2%. On 11 February 2016, ITNL announced that it had sold a 49% stake in RMGL for inr<PHONE_NUMBER> to its parent company, Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd (IL&FS), in an effort to reduce debt.
The Rapid Metro charges are flat rate inr 20 only in travelling at any stations of Phase-1 line & Phase-2 line stations separately, but travelling form Phase-1 line to Phase-2 line or vice versa the charges are inr 35. Delhi Metro tokens and smart cards are accepted on Rapid Metro. The automatic fare collection system is supplied by Thales Group.
Ridership
Ridership of the Rapid Metro has been below expectations. Phase 1 was expected to bring 100,000 riders per day, but only achieved 30,000, and even after the addition of Phase 2, daily ridership in 2018 hovered around the 50,000 mark. Urban Transport News has described the Rapid Metro as a "failure" due to its high cost, low ridership and poor location.
Frequency
Trains run from 06:05 to 22:00 Three-coach trains operate at four-minute intervals. Trains have a maximum speed of 80 km/h, and operate at an average speed of 40 km/h.
Safety
For the passengers' safety, there are Emergency Stop Plungers at every platform, while the Blue Light Station feature enables passengers to contact the Control Room. A Press to Talk Button inside the coaches enables commuters to talk directly to the driver, in the event of any problem.
Security
Security in the Rapid Metro is being handled by a private security agency. The system has a dedicated Metro Police Station at Sikanderpur station, while a Toll Free Helpline for all passengers is operational for 24 hours. CCTV cameras are used to monitor trains and stations.
Phase III: construction June 2023-April 2027
Cyber City to HUDA City Centre metro or Gurgaon loop metro or Gurgram loop metro: In June 2023, Gurugram had 17 km metro network, 11.7 km rapid metro and 5.3 km yellow line metro. On 7 June 2023, Union govt's cabinet approved additional ₹5452 crore 28.5 km long metro network with 27 new stations connecting the existing metro network at Cyber City metro station in the north and Huda City Centre in the south. It includes 2 spurs, 2.2 km spur from Basai to Dwarka Expressway (Sector-102) and second spur from Sector-5 to Gurgaon railway station, third spur (phase-iv) has been approved as a separate project which will connect Rezang La Chowk in Palam Vihar to IGI Airport through Delhi Airport Metro Express (Orange Line) at existing IICC – Dwarka Sector 25 metro station (India International Convention and Expo Centre). The new corridor will begin from the existing Cyber City metro station in the northeast, run northwest to Palam Vihar (spur to IICC Dwarka & IGI Airport), then southwest to Sector-5 (spur to Gurugram railway station) & Sector-9 (with a spur to Dwarka Expressway Sector-101) & Basai village, then run southeast via Udhyog Vihar-6 to Sector-48 & Subhash Chowk, then run north to the existing Cyber City metro station, thus completing the loop. Delhi–Alwar RRTS will pass between the Sector-22 & Udhyog Vihar-4 metro stations in the North and Udhyog Vihar-6 & Hero Honda Chowk in the south. Completion deadline is FY2026-27.
The expected ridership of the expanded network is 530,000 by 2026, 730,000 by 2031, 880,000 by 2041 and 1,070,000 by 2051. New expansion will connect the old and new areas of the city. Cost will be split equally between the state and the Indian government.
Phase IV
Rezang La Chowk-Dwarka metro or Palam Vihar-Dwarka metro or Gurugram-IGI Airport metro extension of Delhi Airport Metro Express (Orange Line): ₹1678 crore 8.4 km (4.4 km in Haryana & 4 km in Delhi) route will have 7 stations, Palam Vihar, Choma, Sector 110A, Sector 111 (in Gurgaon), Dwarka Sector 28, IICC – Dwarka Sector 25 metro station (India International Convention and Expo Centre) IICC metro station and existing which also connects to Blue Line at Dwarka Sector 21 metro station). In October 2022, the DPR (detailed project report) was approved by the Haryana government and construction will commence in 2023, construction of IICC – Dwarka Sector 25 metro station to Dwarka Sector 21 metro station is already underway.
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WIKI
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Most of what we perceive to be the ‘history’ of press-ganging is usually largely artistic interpretation and license. From Benjamin Britten’s opera, Billy Budd (1951), to Carry on Jack (1964), via lashings of C.S. Forester’s Hornblower novels, what you will have seen is almost, totally inaccurate.
Why did press-ganging happen?
Strangely, but perhaps not unexpectedly, it came down to money. Naval pay, which seemed attractive in 1653, had funnily lost much of its allure by 1797, when it was finally increased – 144 years of stagnant wages proved little incentive to enlist.
When added to the fact that a staggering 50% of sailors might be lost to scurvy on any given voyage, one can see why persuasion was needed. After all, up to 25% of the entire force was deserting, annually. Writing in an official capacity in 1803, Nelson notes the figure of 42,000, in the previous 10 years.
In some ways, pressing looks from the outside like an elaborate game. At sea, merchant sailors could be pressed or replaced one-for-one by navy ships, giving the chance for good sailors to be pressed effectively in exchange for bad ones.
This effective piracy, was so prevalent, that even semi-decent crews of merchant ships would make lengthy detours, to avoid encounter with the Royal Navy. They effectively blackmailed the East India Company (no mean feat), with barricades preventing their movement and demanded a percentage of crew to carry on about their trade.
Not a nautical crime
Those who championed abolition were united in their vocal condemnation of pressing: it was an embarrassment to a country that prided itself on liberty, a paradox Voltaire picked up on in the famous anecdote of a Thames waterman extolling the virtues of British liberty one day, only to end up in chains – pressed – the next.
Rarely was violence needed or used, Pressing came with authority and should never be perceived as a nautical crime, unlike piracy, for example. It was on a far larger and wider scale and this was fully authorised by Parliament in times of war. For some unknown reason, sailors were not covered by Magna Carta and punishment by hanging was the penalty for refusing to be pressed (although the severity of the sentence greatly diminished over time).
Landlubbers were safe enough, as were non-coastal areas. Things had to be really bad for unskilled men to be desired on a ship’s deck. It was professional sailors usually at risk.
When did press-ganging begin?
The first Act of Parliament legalising this practice was passed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in 1563 and was known as “An Act touching political considerations for the maintenance of the navy”. In 1597 Elizabeth I’s ‘Vagabonds Act’, allowed the pressing of vagrants into service. Although pressing was first used exclusively by the Royal Navy in 1664, it reached its zenith in the 18th and 19th century.
Its use partly explains how such a small country as Great Britain could sustain such a world-beating navy, utterly disproportionate to its size. Pressganging was the simple answer. By 1695 an Act had been passed for the navy to have a permanent register of 30,000 men ready for any call-up. This was supposed to be without recourse to pressing, but if that had really been the case, there would have been little need for further legislation.
In addition, further acts of 1703 and 1740 were issued, limiting both the younger and older age-limits to between 18 and 55. To further reinforce the scale of these operations, in 1757 in still-British New York City, 3000 soldiers pressed 800 men, mainly from the docks and taverns.
By 1779 though things had grown desperate. Apprentices were released back to their masters. Even foreigners were being released upon request (as long as they hadn’t married a British subject, or served as a sailor), so the law was extended to include ‘Incorrigible Rogues…’ A bold and desperate move, that didn’t work. By May 1780 the Recruiting Act of the previous year was repealed and for the army at least, that was the permanent end of impressment.
Liberty at what cost?
The Navy, however, failed to see a problem. To illustrate the scale of operations, it’s wise to remember that in 1805, at the Battle of Trafalgar, over half the 120,000 sailors that constituted the Royal Navy were pressed. This had happened incredibly rapidly in what was known as a ‘hot-press’, sometimes issued by the Admiralty in times of national crisis. The Navy saw no moral conundrum using enslaved labour to promote and protect very British notions of liberty.
The end of the Napoleonic Wars and the onset of industrialization and redirected resources meant the end of and need for the vast six-figure sum of sailors in the British Navy. Yet even as late as 1835, laws were still being made on the subject. In this case, pressed service was limited to five years and a single term only.
In reality however, 1815 had meant the effective ending of Impressment. No more Napoleon, no need for pressing. Be warned though: like so many articles of British Parliamentary Constitutions, Pressing, or at least some aspects of it, remains legal and on the books.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Lactobacillus acidophilus is a “good” bacteria that is naturally produced in the body, and typically present in the digestive system, urinary tract, and vagina.
Vital for maintaining a balanced microbiome to prevent the overgrowth of “bad” bacteria, ingesting extra lactobacillus acidophilus is often recommended to treat a variety of medical conditions.
In this article, we’ll explain lactobacillus acidophilus, what it is, and why it’s good for your diet.
What Is Lactobacillus Acidophilus?
Lactobacillus acidophilus, also known as acidophilus or L. acidophilus, is a friendly bacteria that naturally resides in the mouth, intestines, stomach, urinary tract, and vagina.
Its role, as the name indicates, is to produce lactic acid which helps to maintain a balanced pH level within the body. This balanced environment prevents the overgrowth of “bad” bacteria and sustains a strong immune system.
The body also uses lactobacillus acidophilus to break down food in the digestive system, absorb nutrients and improve gut health. In addition, its presence in the urinary tract and vagina help to maintain a balanced vaginal pH, which discourages the growth of harmful bacteria that could result in infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.
Why Lactobacillus Acidophilus Is Good For your Diet
Various health conditions, as well as the medications you take for them, can affect the natural pH balance of the body and throw it off balance. This imbalance can lead to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria that could result in infection.
However, a regular intake of lactobacillus acidophilus in your diet can help to restore any variance in this natural balance and counteract potential infections before they set in.
Which Foods Contain Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotics?
Acidophilus that is present in food or drinks is known as a probiotic and making it a regular part of your diet is easy to achieve by including some of the following foods in your daily food consumption:
• Cottage cheese
• Fermented sauerkraut
• Tempeh
• Kefir
• Kimchi
• Kombucha
• Miso soup
• Yogurt
If these foods are not something you regularly enjoy in your diet, you can also consume lactobacillus acidophilus in the form of probiotic supplements.
What Are Probiotics?
Probiotic (or lactobacillus acidophilus) supplements are very similar to the “good” bacteria naturally produced in the body. Made from a mixture of live bacteria and yeast, probiotic supplements help to boost the immune system and maintain (or restore) the natural pH balance in the body to keep the body functioning healthily.
Probiotic supplements come in pill form, as well as capsules, liquids, and powders.
Probiotics: How Do They Help The Body?
While research into using probiotics to treat various health conditions is ongoing, results are proving positive, with little to no known risks. It is important to note that there are various strains of L. acidophilus and research has found that each of them can have varying effects on the body.
Below, are some of the health conditions that benefit from L. acidophilus probiotics. However, if you are considering taking probiotic supplements as a treatment option, be sure to consult with your doctor or healthcare practitioner first to ensure you take the correct strain.
1. Gut Health & Diarrhea
Trillions of bacteria are present in the gut and each plays a vital role in your overall health, however, various illnesses and medications can upset the natural balance of these bacteria and wreak havoc on your gut and digestive system.
See our list of the Best Foods With Lactobacillus Acidophilus
Various studies have shown that lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics when used in conjunction with another probiotic, can help to prevent and treat diarrhea associated with bacterial infections. It also helps to treat diarrhea resulting from taking antibiotics for another condition, or diarrhea associated with traveling and experimenting with new food.
2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
As many as one in five people are known to suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which causes symptoms like severe bloating, abdominal pain, and difficult bowel movements. Even though medical professionals remain unsure about the exact cause of IBS, it is largely believed to be linked to the existence of a specific type of bacteria in the intestines.
Recent studies revealed that bloating, constipation, and abdominal pain associated with IBS improved after participants took a combination of lactobacillus acidophilus and another probiotic for 60 days.
One study, in particular, outlined that participants with IBS who took a low dose of single-strain probiotics for no more than two months experienced the most relief from symptoms.
3. Vaginal Infections
As the most common bacteria found in the vagina, lactobacilli produce the lactic acid that keeps the vaginal pH balanced and bacterial infections at bay. When certain situations and disorders cause the pH to become imbalanced, harmful bacteria are allowed to thrive and result in conditions like bacterial vaginosis (BV), urinary tract infections, trichomoniasis, and yeast infections.
While antibiotics are usually necessary to treat most vaginal infections, researchers have found that taking daily lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics can significantly help to rebalance the vaginal pH, soothe symptoms associated with vaginal infections, and lower the risk of recurring infections.
For instance, in a recent study, women who took probiotics and antibiotics for 30 days to treat BV reported cure rates close to 90 percent. In contrast, those who received only antibiotics recorded a cure rate closer to 40 percent.
Other Conditions That Benefit from Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotics
In addition to improved gut health and vaginal health, soothing the symptoms of IBS, and reducing diarrhea and constipation, lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics can also help treat the following:
• High cholesterol
• Gum disease
• Cold & flu symptoms
• Lactose intolerance
• Weight gain
Lactobacillus Acidophilus: Is It Safe?
Although the FDA has not yet studied lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic supplement for approval, copious amounts of independent studies by medical researchers have shown that is considered safe with little to no known risks.
That said, it is important to understand that probiotics should not be used instead of medication, but if your doctor or healthcare provider has recommended them, rest assured that they have already established a lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic is safe for you.
Conclusion
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a “good” bacteria that is naturally produced in the body; found in the digestive tract, urinary tract, and vagina, it is vital for maintaining optimal health. Those seeking to increase the amount of this healthy bacteria can consume it through yogurt, kombucha, and fermented foods, or by taking a probiotic supplement.
If you feel you would benefit from taking a probiotic supplement, it is important to first speak with your healthcare provider to ensure that you take the correct amount and the right strain of acidophilus for your situation or condition.
References
National Library of Medicine - Lactic Acid Bacteria As Probiotic - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16875422/
National Library of Medicine - Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trials- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16728323/
National Library of Medicine - Effects of probiotic type, dose & treatment duration on irritable bowel syndrome https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27296254/
National Library of Medicine- Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus reuteri - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16697231/
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Sergio Pablos
Sergio Pablos is a Spanish animator, director and screenwriter. While at the helm of his company (The SPA Studios), Pablos developed several concepts for animated feature films, most notably the original ideas upon which Despicable Me (Universal Pictures and Illumination in 2010) and Smallfoot (produced by the Warner Bros. Pictures Animation in 2018) were based.
Most recently, the SPA Studios has produced Netflix's first original animated feature film, Klaus, written and directed by Pablos.
Early life
Sergio Pablos is from Madrid. After working as a key animator on Once Upon a Forest (1993), he moved to Paris, France, to pursue a career opportunity at Walt Disney Animation Studios where he worked on The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) and Hercules (1997). Pablos was then promoted to a Supervising Animator position at Disney Feature Animation in Burbank, handling the character of Tantor the elephant on Tarzan (1999), and Dr. Doppler on Treasure Planet (2002), the latter of which garnered him a nomination for Best Character Animation at the Annie Awards.
Career
Pablos' first job in animation with Disney Studios in Paris was as a character designer on A Goofy Movie (1995). From that connection he moved to Walt Disney Animation Studios and began learning the ropes, working as animator or contributing to character designs on several major 2D animation productions, including The Hunchback of Notre Dame (character of Frollo), Hercules (character of Hades), Tarzan (character of Tantor the elephant), and Treasure Planet (character of Doctor Doppler). He was nominated for an Annie Award for his work on Treasure Planet. Subsequent to his departure from Disney, he was hired as character design supervisor on Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild for Columbia.
After several more years working in animation production, Pablos created the Despicable Me franchise based on his original screen story Evil Me and his own art design. He took the package unsolicited to Universal Pictures where he became the first of several screenwriters on the project as well as executive producer. In 2010, Despicable Me—starring Steve Carell, Jason Segel, Russell Brand, Kristen Wiig, Miranda Cosgrove, Will Arnett, and Julie Andrews—was a box office success, received a Golden Globe nomination, and became one of animation's highest-grossing movies. Pablos continued work as a character designer on another animated feature, Rio for 20th Century Fox, which was released the following year. He received his second Annie Award nomination for Rio. After the release of Despicable Me 2 in 2013, theatrical markets (worldwide box office) and ancillary markets (home media, cable, merchandising, books, video games, TV series, theme parks, etc.), pushed franchise total revenues to over ten figures. He was the writer for the film Warner Animation Group's Smallfoot. He then formed The SPA Studios in Madrid, Spain, where he made his directorial debut with Klaus.
In Summer 2022, it was announced that Pablos was set to write and direct another film, Ember. However, in December 2022, it was reported by Netflix that it was canceled due to its lengthy production. Pablos still has the rights to the film, and would be able to shop the film to other production companies.
Personal life
Pablos shares his time between the U.S. and Spain where he is CEO and Creative Director of The SPA Studios in Madrid.
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WIKI
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Supplemental Vitamin Help Program
nutritional supplements
Is Obligatory Product Listing For Dietary Dietary Supplements Imminent?
The Lab Technicians began out at $15/hr regardless of having 4-12 months degrees and working tirelessly. I obtained paid lower than that and didn’t obtain a elevate after I was pushed into a place that required leadership. The complete company was understaffed at my time of employment, which led to a negative work surroundings as everyone felt overworked. At one point during my time at ANS, higher administration needed to ask office employees to assist out in the warehouse because they did not have sufficient workers to finish orders on time.
But what just about everybody agrees on is that refined carbohydrates usually are not as wholesome as unrefined carbohydrates. Some suppose fat is the foundation of all evil, while others consider carbs are the key gamers in obesity and different chronic diseases. To find out in case you are in danger, see a doctor and have your blood levels measured.
Questions About Arizona Dietary Dietary Supplements
nutritional supplements
Because trans fat have been linked with poor health, margarine freed from trans fats is becoming increasingly common. Trans fats are formed as a aspect product when vegetable oils are hydrogenated. Subtle differences in genetics, physique type, bodily activity and environment can have an effect on which sort of food plan you must observe. A low intake of omega-3 is related to a decrease IQ, depression, various psychological problems, coronary heart disease and plenty of different severe diseases . However, the role of fructose in disease is controversial and scientists don’t totally perceive the way it works . This is as a result of fructose is metabolized strictly by the liver. High intake has been linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides, belly weight problems and high cholesterol over time .
Common types of added sugar embody desk sugar and syrups, corresponding to excessive-fructose corn syrup. Here are the top 10 vitamin details that everyone actually agrees on (well, almost everyone…). Half of the building is unlawful Mexicans that don’t know of English,and when you do not slot in and follow what all of those non English talking people,they jus fire you. It’s nice to work with exhausting working individuals who take their job seriously and are all the time prepared to assist. I was motivated every day, I realized a lot there, and the fee was good. In the first few months I was there I knew a minimum of four employees that give up.
Vitamin D is a novel vitamin that truly capabilities as a hormone within the physique. A high intake of trans fat is associated with numerous persistent illnesses, similar to stomach obesity, irritation and coronary heart illness, to a name a number of .
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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All or Nothing? – The Question Faced by Those Wanting to Implement Precision Lubrication
Noria Corporation
Tags: industrial lubricants
Often in maintenance and reliability programs, enhancements are made in small progressive steps. Rarely does a business have the human resources and financial willingness to start and finish a reliability program in one sweeping motion.
Oil Analysis Survey
Two years ago, I was challenged with the task of helping a client improve the quality and consistency of his oil samples by performing an oil analysis survey. An offer was made to perform a plant-wide precision lubrication survey including machinery lubrication and contamination control design, but was turned down. Therefore, we proceeded solely with the oil analysis survey. Prior to our oil analysis survey, the lab flagged more than half of all oil samples as critical. The oil analysis reports identified extremely high ISO particle counts as being the main culprit. The client blamed poor sampling practices and pushed for the survey to correct the problems. The deliverable for this project included the following:
• sampling procedures for all components slated for oil analysis
• detailed oil analysis test slates for each individual component
• individual modification procedures including assembly schematics and details regarding sampling ports and accessories
After receiving his deliverable, the client began to implement our recommendations. Before long, the client was sampling all his components with ideal procedures and hardware. Much to his confusion, the lab results reported only a nominal improvement overall in the oil analysis reports. At this point, the client was baffled. He was performing all procedures correctly, yet still did not see the results expected.
What went wrong? Although the samples were now collected with precision, and the client was convinced that the sampling was not to blame for the high particle counts, the deficiency was that nothing else had changed on the components sampled. Machinery lubrication and contamination control had not been addressed. The high ISO particle count was not caused by poor sampling techniques. Rather, the high ISO particle counts were caused by high levels of dirt and debris in the systems resulting from improper lubricant storage and handling and poor contamination control practices.
Starting a Lube Program
So where does one start a precision lubrication program? To deploy a precision lubrication program, three main disciplines must be considered: machinery lubrication including lubricant storage and handling, contamination control and oil analysis including sampling hardware modifications. Which one should be initiated first, and to what degree is the discipline deployed?
All three disciplines should ideally be deployed at the same time to maximize the benefits. For the client who wanted only the oil analysis survey, the benefits of implementing the oil analysis program were shadowed by the lack of consideration for contamination control. Had a contamination control survey been performed without consideration for lubricant storage and handling or oil sampling, the sought-after benefits would not have been realized.
And the Answer Is
So what is the answer to the all-or-nothing question? Should all precision lubrication disciplines be implemented at the same time and never individually? Individually, each discipline has tremendous payback. Together, they combine to become a powerful tool used to maintain the reliability of critical plant equipment. When implementing individual disciplines, it is important to understand the function of the discipline and its relation to the other disciplines. As for the client with the oil analysis program, he is currently enjoying the benefits of a phased precision lubrication program including contamination control, machinery lubrication and of course, oil analysis.
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Ask your own question, for FREE!
MIT 6.00 Intro Computer Science (OCW)
OpenStudy (anonymous):
I looked at MCDBA certifications. Can I learn SQL and OS Windows Server without a basic knowledge of CS?
OpenStudy (shadowfiend):
Hm. It's certainly possible, yes. Database querying/architecting itself is separate from many regular programming concepts in a lot of ways. But they're also related in many ways. So having a basic knowledge of programming will help, but it's possible to dive straight into databases without it and you'll just pick stuff up along the way. Database concepts tend to be a lot more focused on structuring and querying data, while programming tends to be focused more on actually transforming and displaying the data (typically). Naturally the most interesting/complicated applications have both components in them, and use databases to power their data layer.
OpenStudy (anonymous):
Yes. I have MCDBA and could not write a program to save my life. But my SQL is better than my english. I would suggest you get a copy of "SQL queries for mere mortals"
Can't find your answer? Make a FREE account and ask your own question, OR you can help others and earn volunteer hours!
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[SOLVED] How to refactor nested for loop?
Issue
I have two similar functions. Both functions contain a nested for -loop. How I can combine these two functions to decrease duplicated code.
The only difference between funcA and funcB is funcB calls func_2 in the loop.
The two functions like below.
void funcA()
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
{
func_1();
}
}
}
void funcB()
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
{
func_1();
func_2();
}
}
}
Solution
Perhaps I am taking it a little too far, but there is no apparent reason for the nested loops (neither func_1() nor func_2() depend on i or j). A straight forward way to pass a callable is the following:
template <typename F>
void func(F f) {
for (int i=0; i < size*size; ++i) f();
}
and then call either
func([](){ func_1(); });
func(&func_1); // passing function pointer works as well
or
func([](){ func_1(); func_2(); });
PS: There is a difference between the nested loops and the flat one when size*size can overflow or it is negative. Though passing the callable is orthogonal to that.
Answered By – 463035818_is_not_a_number
Answer Checked By – Willingham (BugsFixing Volunteer)
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Duke of Abrantes (1753)
Duke of Abrantes (unrelated to the Spanish and French titles) is a title of Portuguese nobility. It is the only one that was officially recognised by the Kingdom of Portugal. It was created by decree of King Joseph I of Portugal, on 9 December 1753, for Ana Maria Catarina Henriqueta de Lorena, 3rd Marchioness of Abrantes and 9th Countess of Penaguião.
The King advanced Dona Ana Maria de Lorena, 3rd Marchioness of Abrantes, to the rank of duchess (vitalício) upon her appointment as The Queen's Maid of Honour (Camareira-Môr), the highest court position for ladies. The title was subsequently revived for the same reason in favour of her daughter Maria Margarida, considered to be the "2nd Duchess".
List of the Duchesses of Abrantes
* 1) Ana Maria Catarina Henriqueta de Lorena, Duchess of Abrantes vitalício (1691–1761), also 3rd Marchioness of Abrantes;
* 2) Maria Margarida de Lorena, Duchess of Abrantes vitalício (1713–1780), also 4th Marchioness of Abrantes (daughter of Duquesa Ana Maria).
Subsidiary titles held by the Duchesses of Abrantes
* Countess of Penaguião, created in 1583 by King Philip I of Portugal;
* Marchioness of Abrantes, created in 1718 by King John V of Portugal.
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WIKI
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Post-Massive Weight Loss Surgery
What is Post-Massive Weight Loss Surgery?
After undergoing significant weight loss, whether through bariatric surgery, diet, exercise, or other methods, many individuals are left with excess, sagging skin. This skin does not always ‘snap back’ due to factors like age, genetics, and the length of time someone was overweight. Post-massive weight loss surgery, often termed body contouring, involves a range of surgical procedures designed to remove this excess skin, tighten the remaining tissue, and improve the overall shape and tone of the underlying tissue. It’s the finishing touch on a person’s transformative weight loss journey, helping to match their outer appearance with their inner achievement.
Post-Massive Weight Loss Surgery Real Results
How It’s Done
Post-massive weight loss surgery is not a single procedure, but rather an umbrella term that encompasses several surgical interventions to address the diverse needs of individuals who have undergone significant weight loss. The drastic reduction in body weight often leads to excess skin in multiple areas of the body. To address this, there are several types of excess skin removal procedures tailored to specific regions of the body. Here are the common procedures:
This procedure, aimed at the “bat wings” or saggy skin on the underside of the upper arm, involves incisions from the armpit to the elbow. It trims away excess skin and is typically done discreetly, so scars are well hidden.
Designed to lift the breasts by reshaping them, it may require multiple incisions, especially if there’s significant drooping. The nipple and areola get repositioned, enhancing the breast’s overall appearance.
Incisions are made around the areola and down each breast. Excess tissue and skin are removed, the breast is reshaped, and the nipple is repositioned.
This targets fat pockets and loose skin on the upper/middle back. An incision, hidden under the bra line, is made to sculpt the back.
Excess skin and fat from the lower abdomen are removed through a hip-to-hip incision. The skin around the belly button is repositioned, and the abdominal muscles can be tightened.
Beyond the traditional tummy tuck, this procedure includes an additional vertical incision for enhanced contouring, especially beneficial after massive weight loss.
This targets the skin on the back, with incisions across the back, enhancing its toned appearance.
A comprehensive procedure, it might encompass various lifts like tummy tucks, butt lifts, and more.
Combining a tummy tuck with a thigh lift, it removes sagging skin through incisions from the back to the front thighs.
It focuses on the upper back and sides, with scars typically concealed under the bra line.
This involves an incision along the lower back, lifting the buttocks by pulling up the skin below the incision and removing extra tissue.
A BBL augments the buttocks using fat from other body parts, typically the abdomen, thighs, or hips.
To achieve smoother thighs, incisions are made on both inner and outer thighs, allowing the removal of excess skin and fat.
Specifically focusing on the removal of the ‘pannus’ or the hanging skin and tissue from the lower abdomen, this surgery is beneficial for those with significant overhanging skin after weight loss.
By combining these procedures, a Mommy Makeover addresses multiple concerns in one or a few surgical sessions, offering a comprehensive rejuvenation tailored to each woman’s vision of her post-childbirth body.
Why Plano Plastic Surgery?
At Plano Plastic Surgery, excellence is our standard. Both Dr. Haidenberg, with his 16 years of experience in cosmetic surgery, and Dr. Yaker, the celebrated force behind Plano Plastic Surgery, have dedicated years to perfecting aesthetic surgeries—from breast augmentations to rhinoplasties and liposuctions. With them, you’re not just opting for transformative results but also genuine care and understanding. Our approach is personal—tailored to every patient’s concerns and desires.
When Is the Best Time to Start Get Post-Massive Weight Loss Surgery?
Ideally, one’s weight should remain stable for at least three months before undergoing any plastic surgery procedure. It’s essential to ensure that there aren’t any significant fluctuations, either weight loss or gain, during this period. Immediate surgical intervention may be considered in specific situations where excess skin leads to mobility challenges, persistent irritations, or other medical complications.
Nonetheless, each individual’s journey and needs are unique. A consultation with a our surgeons, board-certified plastic surgeon, such as Dr. Yaker, can provide clarity on whether immediate post-bariatric surgery is suitable or if a waiting period would yield the best outcomes.
Who is a Good Candidate?
If you’ve lost a significant amount of weight and now have excess, saggy skin, you might be a candidate for post-massive weight loss surgery. It’s essential to be in good health and have a stable weight for a few months. Non-smokers or those willing to quit before and after the procedure heal better. Before deciding, discuss with a plastic surgeon to see if this surgery is right for you.
Recovery and What to Expect
Post-massive weight loss surgery is a significant procedure, and the recovery process is multi-faceted:
Immediate Post-Operative Phase (1-2 weeks):
The immediate period after surgery will involve some pain, swelling, and discomfort. Surgical dressings or bandages will be applied to the incisions. Small, thin tubes might also be temporarily placed under the skin to drain any excess blood or fluid.
Mid Recovery Phase (3-8 weeks):
As the days progress, mobility will increase, but patients will need to avoid strenuous activity. Compression garments might be required to reduce swelling and support the affected areas.
Long-Term Recovery:
Over the ensuing weeks and months, the body will continue to heal. While most of the significant healing occurs within the first few months, some minor swelling or changes might continue for up to a year.
Final Results:
The body will settle into its new shape over time. Most patients can see their final results between 6 to 12 months post-operation. Scars, while permanent, will fade considerably over time, especially with proper care.
Post-massive weight loss surgery is a significant procedure, and the recovery process is multi-faceted:
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